HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
Fort Anne 
 
 Scale goo ft —1 7n 
 
3. 
 4. 
 
 6. 
 6. 
 
 1. Officers' quarterH (atanding). 
 
 2. BarraclcB, burnt 1880. 
 Site of block-houRe. 
 Site of bfjmb-proof and 
 
 brick barraoKB. 
 Powder magazine. 
 Entrance or Black Hole. 
 
 7. Sally-port. 
 
 8. Site 01 old priBou. 
 
 9. Old well. 
 
 10. Queen's Wharf. 
 
 11. Armourj*. 
 
 12. Places for huating Hliot. 
 
 13. Bridge over moat. 
 11. Siteof old French wliarf. 
 15. Cemetery. 
 10. Magazine well. 
 
 17. Site of old French barnickH 
 and mess-room. 
 
 18. House built b} Benj. M. 
 (roldsmith, and lonjr oc- 
 
 ?. cimied by Andrew (ril- 
 •c niur, au old soldier of 
 the fort 
 
 ZcuJs Whiunan.pSndJ 
 
HIS rORY 
 
 oi' Tin; 
 
 COUNTY OF ANNAPOLIS 
 
 INCLUniNd ULU I'OKT KON'AL AND ACADIA, 
 
 Willi 
 
 MEMOIRS OK ITS REPRESENTATIVES IN THE PROVINtTAI, I'ARLIAMENI, 
 
 AND lUOORAPHICAI, AND (lENEALOGICAL SKETCHES OF ITS 
 
 EARLY ENGLISH SETTLERS AND THKIR FAMILIES. 
 
 HY THE LATE 
 
 W. A. CALNEK 
 
 Memlier of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. 
 EDll'ED AND COMI'LETED ItV 
 
 A. W. SAVARY, M.A. 
 
 Al'TIIOR OK TIIK " MAVKRV HKNKALOQV," 
 
 Judge of the County Courts of Nova Scotia, Member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, the 
 Wiltshire (England) Archieologic.Vi .Society, and the .'\inerican Historical Association. 
 
 88titb |1ortraits nnb Illustrations. 
 
 Salve, iiiagiui iHtreiix fnnjiim, Sattirnin tellim. 
 
 Magna virOiii. 
 
 — ViROlti, Geori/. Lib. il. 17."!. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 WILLIAPVI BRIGGS, 
 
 MONTREAL: C. W. COATES. HALIFAX: S. F. HUESTIS. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 rillLLIMORE & CO., 36 Essex St., Strand. 
 
 1897 
 
Kntcivd iicooiding to Act of the I'mliiiincnt of Ciinadii, in the yi'iii one 
 llioiisiiiid ciglit IuiikIiimI and ninety-seven, l._v A. \V. Savakv, at the 
 Department of Agrieultnic. 
 
in)ITORS PRHFACFi 
 
 Fkom fi (Init't prospectus of a " Histinv of lli(> County of Aiimi{K)liH, 
 its Townships nm\ otlit'i' Scttlcnifi'ts from 1004 to 1H07 " ainon;; tli(^ 
 papers of the hite Mr. Cahitfk, I j^atlier that he was letl to attempt tliis 
 wofk as an "historical essay " l)y tlie persuasion of the late T. 15. Akins, 
 Ks(|., D.C fi., Re(!or(l Conmussioner- of Nova Scotia, who ;^a\n him free 
 access to the "valuable collection of histo'"ical material in manuscript 
 known as the Nova Scotia archives." Me aKso consulted Champlain and 
 L'Escarhot, and other early Krench writeis, for the translation of which 
 lie e.\j)ressed ohliyations to the late P. S. Hamilton, Es(i. He soon 
 became convinced that justice could not he done to the subject in a mere 
 es.say, and the work " gradually yiew into the dimensions of a <^ood-si/ed 
 volume." 
 
 As far as t'.ic work had then advanced towaid completion, he sub- 
 mitted it in ISTi") to tlic governors of King's College, Windsor, and 
 received for it the " Akins j)ri/e " for county histories. It then consisted 
 of Chapters T. to V^III., as here arranged, and what was intended for the 
 first chapters of the histories of the townships of Annapolis, Granville, 
 Wilmot and Clements, now forming Chapters X., XTI., XIII. and XIV., 
 ■with the histories of the other .settlements, here embraced in Chapter XV., 
 and about a third of the biographical memoirs. His plan embraced every 
 township and settlement in what is now the County of Digby, down to 
 the division of the county in 1837, and the memoir.s of the members from 
 that county down to 1867. After 1875 he proceeded (juite far in the 
 completion of the remaining memoirs, leaving only about seven of those 
 prior to 1837 untouched. The memoirs he afterwaids determined to 
 publish in a separate volume. He, later still, postponed indefinitely the 
 completion of the history and memoirs, and proceeded to collect and put 
 in order materials for a volume to be entitled " Biographical and Genea- 
 logical Sketches of Early English Settlers in the County of Annapolis 
 and their Descendants," which was nevertheles,s to be in form a " secjuel 
 to the history." For this book he took up a large subscription list. 
 Previous to his death it was generally understood that this last work 
 was near completion ; but it had evidently expanded on his hands to 
 
VI i:niT<»H s iMir.KAi'K. 
 
 M-ry um'X|ii'ctril (liiiit'iiNinii.s mid I tniuwl tliiit a very laree iiiiiminl >>( 
 rt'sf'iircli iinil liilmur wiis y<'t to Im- di-vott'd to it. To liriii^' the 'iiidr 
 di'scfiulaiits ot' each aiiccstor and their childicii down to the prt'seut 
 jiciu'ration, iiicludinj,' every family tliat. caiiie hctore 17*'4, aiui remained 
 and inultipiied here, wiiuhl have imxhiced a \oiiinie of ^r(!'it hulk. I am 
 ijuite sure tliat it was his intention to iiiclnde sketches of the follosvinjj; 
 faniiiies, he.-ides thos»« j{iven : Amherman. I)uiin, l'"eh'h, Merry, I'ierce, 
 and ])rohahly otliers. Die hio<,'rapiiieal notes of each jiioneer settler weie, 
 as a lule, quite extended, and in almost every case very interestinj;, 
 espcciallv to his descenchmts ; l)nl in no one instance was the jj;enealojL;y 
 of a family complete. 
 
 When he died, I not o'lly felt tlh' loss of a i^entlemm with whom I 
 was on the most agieealde terms, anil with whi>m it was to me alwa\s a 
 great (hOighl to discuss the inic'cstini^ story of old Annapolis : hut I was 
 also keeidy sensihlt! of the misfortune the county and the reading puhlic 
 everywhere had sustained by the untoword interruption of the important 
 woi'k to which he had devoted so ntueh time and lahour. 
 
 Not Ion;,' after- his death, the late Mr. H. S. Mct'ormiik, wlios*' sudden 
 iiiid untimely death al.so the commuiuty has had lately to dejjlore, and 
 who, in tlie press under his control, had done much to encourage and 
 assist the lamented author, called on me to in(|uire if T would undertake 
 to (jomplete tin; work, or assist him and tlu^ deceased author's son, Mr. 
 F. H. S. CaliKik, of Westville, Pictou County, in trying to di.scover some 
 one who would. Conscious of my inability to do it justice, and doubtful 
 if I could spare th(; time from the imperative claims of otlicial duty, T 
 declined; and it was not until two years or more had elapsed, and neither 
 of us could think of any (tne who was willing or might be persuaded to 
 assume the task, and T felt that the early publication of the work had 
 become a necessity, that I comnmnicated to tlie gentleman named my 
 tardy and reluctant consent. On receiving the nianusciipts and carefully 
 examining them, T came near lajing by the genealogies in utter despair; 
 but soon found that to do .so would grievously disap{)oint very many, for 
 it was in them rather than in the history and memoirs that the local 
 interest had mainly centred. 
 
 I therefore resolved to include all the material intended for the three 
 books in one, completing the history and memoirs, but compi-essing the 
 biographical sketche.s, and curtailing the genealogies by confining them 
 to the first two or three generations. To procure the material to fill up 
 the blanks in the genealogies, and to correct the numerous errors unavoid- 
 able in the original draft of such a work, and to rearrange and rewrite 
 this matter so as to make it convenient for publication as a supplement 
 to the history, involved enormous correspondence and the closest possible 
 application for many months. This portion I was obliged to entirely 
 
El'ITOHS I'UKFACK. VII 
 
 rec'UHt ami rerri<"|rl. F slimild Miy Imtc lliat tlic ctyinolnyy of the hui- 
 immos is ivlinost iilways my own ; and sd in tim '^n-nt iiiajority of fiini's 
 is till' lint' of (Icscciit ;{iv<'ii fi'om tlic iniiiii};i'atit ancestor, dcrivcfl fi'oin 
 ;,'<'in'alo<,'i(al I'lililicatioiin loceiitiy insui-d. In the nionioirs I liavt- 
 (•nd<;ivoui"d to stfikf! out aiiytliirij^' already >,'iveM in tlit? earlier por- 
 tions, intended for a sejiaiate hook, Imt I i<';,'ret to find tliiit, in one 
 iiistanee, tliri.U!,'h an oversight, I liaM' |iattially failed to lo so. In 
 ntliei' I'esjiects, except in the slij{lit clian;^es iiecessai'y to avoid an 
 apparent anachronism, all Mr. CalnekV, woi-k is just as he left it. The 
 ivHult (»f my later discoveries in connection with early events is found 
 in footnoti's or ajt|)endix, and in 'Additions and Corrections" in the 
 concludih<{ pa;,'es. The niem<>ir of Judi^e .Johnstone is an abbreviation 
 of the one published by .Mr. Calnek in pamphlet form in 1884. 
 
 Voluminous notes of the author, from which he intended to com- 
 plete the history, came into my 'nands, a riuli.i inUif/nxfai/ni' nio/en, 
 nnich of it only capable of inteUiji{ent ust^ Iv its compiler; and I have 
 licen (tblij^ed to make continual apj)lication to old "ecords of various 
 kinds at Halifax in order to brinj,' down to date the history fron> the 
 point where .Mr. I'alnek had left it. In this I havt' received tlie most 
 cheerful and industrious assistance from Mr. Harry Piers, of the 
 fiegitilative library. In the yenfcaloj,'ies I am e(|ually indebted to Mr. 
 William E. Chute, whose knowledge of Annapolis County family history 
 is prodi^^ious. To those two gentlemen 1 am under a veiy great 
 oblii^ation. To tht; following gentlemen al.io I am indebted: Rev. Dr. 
 Willetts, Pn-sidont, and Rev. Professor Vrooni, Librarian, of King's 
 College, for placing the essay in the library at my disposal ; Dr. Charles 
 (!ray, of Mahone l>ay, for some notes of his own, and a good deal of the 
 matter recoided on page 180 ; Mr. Isaiah Wilson, author of a history of 
 the County of Digby ; that most valuable institution, the N. E. llistoric- 
 (lenealogical Society of Boston, and Mr. I'\ W. Parks, its assistant 
 Librarian ; Mr. W. H. Roach of this town, for accurate infornuition 
 always cheerfully afTorded ; Air. (J. S. iirown, of Boston, author of a 
 histoiy of Yarmouth ; Uev. Anson Titus, of Tufts College, Massachusetts ; 
 the military authorities in Halifax, for permission to search the military 
 records there, and to 8ergeant-Major Thomas, for making the .searches ; 
 Hev Dr. Patterson, of New <!lasgow, for important matter recently com- 
 municated ; Messrs. (t. P. Putnam's Sons, New Yoik, for permission to 
 use the illustration of Champlain's fort, from IJourinot's "Story of 
 Canada" ; and Mr. Louis Whitnuin, C.E., for the plan of Fort Anne in the 
 frontispiece. Nor must I omit the press of Annupolis and Digby counties, 
 especially the Bridgetown Monitur. I further acknowledge substantial 
 pecuniary assistance toward the cost of publication from Dr. Maurice 
 Calnek, of Costa Rica, and ihe offer of similar aid, if necessary, from 
 Hon. J. ^' '. Longley and C. D. Cory, Esq., of Halifax. 
 
VIU EDITOUS I'l!i:i'ACE. 
 
 Tho l)ooks to which T am iii(lel)te(l aro for tlio most part iiKMitioiicd in 
 the footnotes; Ijut T sliould especially add the "Cliute Genealogies," 
 "The Transactions of the N. S. Historical Society," "Tlie N. K. 
 Historical and (Jenealogical Kegister," Parkman's works, Archbishop 
 O'Brien's "Life of I'.ishop Burke," Bill's " Kifty Years with the 
 Baptists," Smith's "History of Methodism in Eastern British Americii," 
 and Eaton's "History of the Church of England in Nova Scotia. ' 
 
 I feel I have hut imperfectly accomplished J, task tliat shouh] have 
 fallen into abler and more practised hands ; but I venture to hope tliat 
 the result of my labour may not be without interest and utili'y to the 
 {)eople of this county, and to the readers and students of history 
 generally. 
 
 W. A. CALNEK. 
 
 The birth and ancestry of Mr. Calnek appears in the Calnek 
 )^enealogy, page 485. He was educated at the Collegiate School, 
 Windsor, N.S., but did not matriculate for the university. His pre- 
 paratory education was excellent, but he had no knowledge of French. 
 In early life he taught school, but later adopted land-surveying as a 
 proicssion, and afterwards was for a numl)er of years editor of county 
 newspapers. Later, he resumed the work of land-surveying, and was, in 
 l.'^72 and 187.'^ employed by the " Anticosti Colonization Company," in 
 a responsible position on an exploratoiy survey of the Island of Anticosti. 
 History, biography and genealogy had for him irresistible charms, and he 
 was early a valued member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. 
 Intelligent application to authorities, the faculty of critical analysis, and 
 a retentive memory were qualifications in which he was conspicuous, and 
 which well fitted him for the task he had undertaken. 
 
 I have no doubt completion of the work was in later years delayed by 
 his failing health, as well as by the necessity of attentling to his regular 
 avocations. He was a man of genial and ';indly disposition, and while of 
 strong political convictions, moderate and considerate in his expression of 
 them, a loyalist and patriot to his heart's core, and a gentleman at all 
 times and everywhere. The circumstances attending his death are stated 
 in the following obituary notice from tfie Bridgetown Monitor, of 
 Wednesday, June 15, 1892 : 
 
 " This community was greatly .shocked on Monday evening l)y tiie announcement 
 tliat Mr. Wm. A. Calnek, well and favourably known throughout the entire county 
 and province at large, had suchlenly fallen from a chaii' in the store of Joim Lockett, 
 Ksq., and almost instantly expired. During the afternoon Mr. Calnek lia<l been 
 th'iven to town by a friend from Clarence, at who.sc residence lie had ])assed the 
 preceding nighfc, ami intended taking the afternoon express foi Paradise, at which 
 
KUITUUS PKEFACK. IX 
 
 point 111 liiiil l)(>i'n ongiigeil to <lo some liinclsurvevinj,'. Not iirriving in time to 
 niaki' tlir ronnection lie tleciileil to icniain until llio following <liiy, and spent the 
 teniainiler of the afternoon in (.alliny on his intimate friends al)ont tow n, lepairing 
 to the Revere House at six o'eloek, where he partook of tea. To all ap])earanees he 
 was in his usual health, though he had informed one oi' two j>arties with whom he 
 had conversation, that he rather over-exerted himself on Saturday, aikl as he ex- 
 j>ressed it, thought he was threatened on Sunday night with an attaek of pneu- 
 monia, as he had laid on his lied in a state of great restlessness wliieh was attended 
 by eonsiderahle ])ain alu .it the ehest. 
 
 " Aftei- tea he proceeded to Medieal Hall for the [mrpose of puruhasing a hottio 
 of medieiriL, liiit t'uding it closed, stepped across the street into the store of John 
 Lockett, Ks(£., with whom he was enjoj'ing a social ehaL, when his eyes suddenly 
 liccanie fixed, and an instant afterwards he fell to the floor. Mr. Loekett at onee 
 <-aIled .J. ( . H. Parker, Ks(|., who haiipeiied to he passing, into the store, and he 
 was followed hy his hrother-in-law , James Primrose, D.D.S., when the unfortunate 
 man was laid on the counter, and over^-thing done for his comfort and relief. Dr. 
 DeBIois was .soon on the spot, and ever}' possible elToi t made to restore life, all of 
 which proved fruitless. Throngs of people had in the meantime gathered about the 
 head of the street, and many were the expressions of deep regret and sympjithy 
 when it wa.s found that life was extinct. 
 
 "Mr. Calnek, as stated, was widely known, greatly respected, and was looked 
 upon by all who had the pleasure of his accjuaintaiiee as fine of the most brilliant 
 aiid intellectual Nova Seotians of the day. A large jiortion of his early life was 
 9i)ent in the publication of newspapers, ami we believe he was the first to establish 
 i<, newspajier — tlie 'I'lxtern Neirs — in tiiis, his native .umnty. As a poet he has 
 gained tdr himself many Mattering encomiums, and as a writer, historian and 
 scholar, he was recognized as one of the clever men of the period. His facile pen 
 has contributed many articles to some of the leading magazines iind other prominent 
 publications now being issued, all of which have displayed rare literary ability." 
 
 Mr. Murdoch, the accomplished autlior uf the well-known " Hi.stoiy 
 of Nova Scotia," deemed tl)e " In memoriam stanza.s " written by Mr. 
 Calnek, " to the memory of Henry (Jodfrey, connnander of the privateer 
 Rovp.r, who died in Jai.iaicfi in 1803," worthy of being perpetuated in 
 iiis hook, where tliey will be found in the Appendix to Chapter XVI. of 
 Vol. I IT., page 200. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 (.'IIAI'TKK I. -I(i04-ltil3. 
 
 I'AHK 
 
 Voyage aii<l explorations of Deinonts — His resolve to settle iit Port Royal — 
 Joined liy I'ontgrave with iiioie colonists -His letuin to France — Conies 
 hack with the lawyer and jioet UKsoarbot and more emigrants — Life 
 at tile fort — First ship and mill built — The Indian Chief Memliertou 
 — Poutrincourt goes to Paris and returns to Port Royal — Conversion 
 and baptism of Indians — Destruction of the fort and settlement by 
 Argall I 
 
 ClIAl'TER II.~lGi;M68t). 
 
 IJiencourt and womo colonists icinain — Sir \V. Alexander and the Scotch fort 
 — The l)e la Tours — Kax.illi — D'Aulnay dc Chariiisay — Quarrels and war 
 lietwccn liim an<l Latour — Takes Latoui"s fort- His death — Le Horgne 
 — Capture of Port Royal and its restoration — La Valliere — Perrot — 
 Census— Names of Freiu'h colonists . . . . . . .16 
 
 ClI.M'TKR III. — 1()S()-1705. 
 
 Mennoval appointed (iovernor— I'apture of Port Royal by I'liipps— Piratical 
 raid— Villcbon returns anil takes possession — His deatii — Brouillan 
 (Jovernor — Discr.vds, jtvdoiisics cin-l scM'idjils — Seigniory of Port Royal 
 gi'anted to Latour's heirs — Colonel Church's inva.sion — Deatli of 
 Brouillan ............. 
 
 CllAI'TKK IV. — 1705-1710. 
 
 Subercase (ioveinor — Attack from .Massachusetts under Colonel March — 
 Events and vicissitudes of the siege — Tiie Knglisli withdraw with heavy 
 loss — Ordered to return — The struggle renewe<l — Kiiglish again discom- 
 fited—They retire — Diary of the expedition by a Chaplain — Bomb- 
 proof powder magazine built and barracks finished — Final capture of 
 Port Royal by Nicholson 
 
 ClIAl'TER V. -1710-1732. 
 
 Vetch the first English Governor — Acadians complain of hi', treatment of 
 them— Seek aid from the (Jovernor of Canada to leave— Bloody Creek 
 — Nicholscm tiovernor- Queen Anne's letter— Census of 1714— Phillipps 
 (iovernor— Council appointed — Ma.searene's description of the town — 
 
Xll CONTKNT.S. 
 
 Attacks liy Iiidiiins — Civil coui't esliiliiislicil -A cliniciil wcaiitlal - 
 Treaty with tiie Incliuiis -Annstroiig Lieut. -(iovei'iioi' - Doucet'-s tleatii 
 — Frt'iieh take ((ualilieil oatii — Commission of the Peaci!— Cosby Lieut.- 
 (ioveiiior -I'hillipps ivturns to t lie seat of ( io\frinuei't — Again leaves 
 — Ainistionj; Lieut. -tiovernor — l^aml giants ...... 
 
 (i» 
 
 {•ii.MTKK VL 1732 174-_*. 
 
 Acadians troublesome - Potty erinies in the to^vn — I'olico establishe<l — Arm- 
 .strong's hostility to Wiiiniett — He diseusses the claim of Latour's family 
 — Mrs. Buckler's strange story — (iraiit of townsliip of Norwich — 
 Suicide of Armstrong Mascarcne returns Cold and scarcity — Death 
 of Winniett and Cosby H2 
 
 Cii.Ai-TKR VIL- 1742-1 74(!. 
 
 Mascarene's desi'ription of town and fort — He becomes (iovei'tior of both — 
 War with France-— Le Loutre lea<ls the Indiaiis in an attack — Invests 
 the town— Du Vivier"s foi-niidable attack He fails to terrify the 
 neutral.s into joining him— Skirmishes and ))ro|)osals for cajjitidation — 
 He raises the siege — Marin's weaker attempt Position and conduct of 
 Acadians— Xaval defensive measures ....... 07 
 
 CUAl-TKR VII L — 1740-1 7.')(). 
 
 Ramuzay invests Annapolis — Mascarene reinforced — Noble's force at (irand 
 Pre surprise<l and cut to pieces — Arrest of twelve French traitoi's 
 wanted — Morris' proposal to settle English families between the 
 Acadian settlements — Peace Halifax founded by Cornwallis -Becomes 
 the capital — Acadians refuse to take uncjualiticd oath— Ask leave to 
 depart — Leave refused — How's tieachei'ous murder — Lawrence Oov- 
 ernor — French at Annapolia again ask leave to retire — Their stuldcn 
 seizure and dispersion .......... 109 
 
 Chapter IX. 
 The seizure and disj)eraion of the Acadians reviewed and considereil . . 123 
 
 CiiAPTKii .\.— THK TOWNSHIP OF ANNAPOLLS.-17r).') 1775. 
 
 Description of the township — Evans' journal — Pas.scngers by the Uharmimj 
 Molly — Census of 17t)8 and 1770 — State of township in 1703— Social 
 aspects, 1770-80 — Appendix — Names of grantees in grant of 1759 . . y'145 
 
 Chapter XL -TOWNSHIP OF ANNAPOLIS, CONCLUDED. 
 
 Loyalist refugees arrive— Invasion of the town in 1781 — The Loyalists — A plot 
 to rob and murder in 1785 — Capitation tax list of 1702— Court-house 
 and jail — Town officers, 1797— Description of the town in 1804— The 
 same in 1820— Its antiijuity — The fort — Churches — Olil buihlings — The 
 fire recoril — Revived prosperity — Appendix — A remarkable i)rayer — 
 Verses— Relics— The Gohlsmiths-Thc " Ki.sing Village" . . .101 
 
CONTENTS. xiii 
 
 CiiAiTKK XII. -THK TOWNSHIP OK ORANVILLP]. 
 
 Dtisci'iption- (Iriiiits issiieil — Si'ttlers iiirive— XaiiK's of grantees — Conmis of 
 I7I!7 and 1770 — Names of earlj* settlers and tlieii- families— The I'atten- 
 P'ariiswdith feud — Reju'eseiitation of the (•onnty— River tislieiies — The 
 Shaw einhidjilio — Xaiiii's of militiamen -Arrival of Loyalists - Roads to 
 Hav of Kuiidy Shaw and Millidge eleelion — Disimtcs ahout tlie fisheries 
 
 Bridgetown 192. 
 
 (JnAiTKK .XIII.-THK TOWNSHIP OK WIL.MOT. 
 
 Des'iviption (Irant to Pliilip Riehanlson — General Kuggles— (irant of 1777 — 
 Loyalists and settlers from Granville -Capitation taxpayers, 17i*'2-94 — 
 New (liaiits — Letters of Surveyor-tieneral Morris — Colonel Hayard — 
 Melancholy event at Reagh's Cove— Fires — New Roads— Bridges — 
 Ki'tuins of cultivated land under Bounty Act, l.S0(>-7 — Petition for 
 union with Aylesfoi'd in a new county — Middleton — Torlirook and Tor- 
 lirook mines — Margaretsville ......... 225' 
 
 CiiAiTKit XIV. -THE TOWNSHIP OF CLKMENTS. 
 
 Grant of the township— Villages — Names and notices of grantees an<l settlers 
 — ('aj)itatioii tax list of 17!n — New families— The herring fishery — 
 Allain's River bridge — Bear River, past and present — Notes hy the 
 PMitor on the place names ......... 24;V 
 
 CiiAi'TKK XV. -LATER SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Ualliousie — Lots granteil- Return of sett'.ers in 1820 — Fatal (juarrel— Families 
 of early settlers — A foul murdei' — Maitland — The Kemptous - Early 
 grantees — Northfield — Delong settlement — Perrott settlement — Rox- 
 Iniry — Bloomingtou — New Alhany — First grantees of — Statement of 
 settlenu'nt, 1817— Springfield — Falkland —Lake Pleasant . . . 260' 
 
 CiiAiTKH WI.-HISTORY OF THE COUNTY AT LAR«;E, CONTINUED. 
 
 Roads and liiidges — .Mail connnunications and facilities for travel improving 
 — War of 1812— Sundry events — Election of 1836 — Division of the 
 county — Politics of the county — Responsible government - J. W. 
 Johnstone — The college tjuestion — Recent politics — Appendix — W. H. 
 Kay — Remarkable storms and weather — Executions in the county — 
 A sad event 282 
 
 CiiAiTKR XVIL— RELIGION AND THE CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY. 
 
 Roman Catholic— Church of England — Congregationalist — Baptist — Methotlist 
 
 —Presbyterian— Adventists 295- 
 
 Chapter XVIII. 
 
 Lists of public officers — Justices of the Peace— Members of the Legislature, 
 
 etc. — Census statistics— The apple trade 309' 
 
XIV 
 
 CONTEXTS. 
 
 lUOCRAI'HICAL MKMOIHS 
 
 |-.\IIR 
 
 Of meinliL-r.s of tlio I'roviriiiiil I'lirliameiil for tlu' county of Aiiiiii))i)lis iiinl it.s 
 
 sevoral townsliipa, from the year 175!* to tlic yi'iii 1807 .... 323 
 
 BIOdHArHKJAL AND (iKNKALOCU AL SKKTCHKS 
 
 Of till' families of tlie i-iirly Kiiglisii m'tlliTs ami jjjraiitci's of the county of 
 
 Aniiupoliis, ai'iangctl alj>lial>c-tiually, Armstrong to ^'oiiiig 465 
 
 ADDITIONS AND CORRKCTIONS. 
 
 Full immos of Dcnionts and others — Moru about tliu Masonic slono — Bicncoui't's 
 alleged death in Aeadie discussed -Further uccoinit of Mascarene — 
 Proscription of Loyalist women — List of loyal companies at Aniuipolis 
 — (irand jury, 1797 — Denmlition of liloek-house - First responsihle 
 Kxocutive -Further ])articulars of the political strife, 1S4.S to 1S47, in 
 Aniuipolis county — Further list of nwigislrates I'hineas and James R. 
 Lovett, M.lM's. — Moody's sword — Fui'ther notes on Barclay, the 
 Ritchies, and Bass, Berteaux, Cliipnian aii<l Clark families 
 
 t>41 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 OrPORITB 
 PACK 
 
 Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal . . , . Frontispiece 
 
 Champlain's Plan op Port Royal, 1605 {from Bourinot's *' Story 
 
 of Canada," by permission of G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York) 6 
 
 Plan of thb Fort in 1710 62 
 
 Paul Mascarenb 93 
 
 Sir William Fenwick Williams 159 
 
 Sir William J. Ritchie 177 
 
 Fort and Part of the Town in 1829 183 
 
 The Old Court-House 286 
 
 Judge James W. Johnstone 289 
 
 Rev. Jambs Robertson ........ 299 
 
 Rev. Robert A. Chbslet . 306 
 
 Col. James Db Lancby 342 
 
 Judge Thomas Ritchie . . . . . . . 394 
 
 William H. Roach 409 
 
 Judge T. C. Haliburton 418 
 
 Rev James J Ritchib 576 
 
 Rrv Abraham Spurr Hunt 606 
 
 The Old " Williams House " 629 
 
ERRATA 
 
 Ptifjo 82, 4th lino of tho title, tor " Mascarono " read " Cosby." 
 1G4, lino 25, tor " officers " read "officer." 
 180, lino 12, for "this" read •' thoir." 
 183, line 33, for " 1878 " read " 1881." (Soo page 646.) 
 293, line 14, for " 1877-1878 " read " 1887-1888." 
 298, line 37, 6th from bottom, for " 1867 " road " 1876." 
 307, lino 11, for " VVm M." road "Charles M." 
 311, between lines 4th and 5th fnmi the bottom, road " 1816. 
 
 County, Cereno U. Jones, in place of Polog VViswall"; 
 
 alst) between linos 6th and 7th from lx)ttom read "1808. 
 
 William Robertson, in placeof Thomas Walker, Hnseatod." 
 
 315, line 29, opposite " Perkins, Rev. Cyrus," for " Inimigrnnt" 
 
 read " Loyalist." 
 334, lines 7, 8, for " He died at Annapolis, agetl 84," etc., read 
 
 "He died in 1801, aged 90." 
 396, line 30, (lotli from b(.ttom), for " 10th " read " 13th." 
 
 400, lines 21 to 30, erase from "Mr. Robertson " to "children." 
 find read " JNIr. Robertson's wife's name was Mary 
 Adelia, but her maiden surname is unknown," and after 
 line 33 add " his eldest son William married Sarah, 
 daughter of Major Robert Timpany." 
 475, line 37 (1 2th from bottom), for "Asa" read " Abel." 
 480, line 17, for " Elizabeth " i-ead " Martha." 
 
 490, line 34, strike out here the words " by second wife," and 
 read them between 8th and 9th lines from the 
 bottom, before " xii. Thomas Holmes." 
 
 491 , line 29, et seq. For " The Rev. John was father of Ward* 
 Chipman, b. 1754, graduate of Harvard, a Loyalist, who 
 was father of Hon. Ward"' Chipman," read " The Rev. 
 John was father of John* Chipman, born 1722, died 1768, 
 a member of the Mas.«acliusetts Bar, who was father of 
 Hon. Ward' Chipman, b. 1754, graduate of Harvard, 
 Loyali.st, Judge and Administrator of the Government of 
 Now Brunswick, and father of Hon Ward" Chipman, 
 Chief Justice " 
 
 580, line 8, after " Mayberry " read ' n^e Bruce." 
 593, line 14, for " Thomas " read "Frances" f^sson, as the wife 
 of Stephen Millidge Ruggles. 
 
FURTHER ERRATA. 
 
 Page 475, 12t!i lino from tlio bottom, for "Asa" read " Abhl." 
 " 491, 16th line from the bottom, for " 1792" read » ViiO." 
 " 501, line 2:\, for "Jane " read " Tsaac." 
 " 502, line 12, for "1787 " read " 1797." 
 " 505, line 4, for " Catharine " read " Elizabeth '' ; line 19, for " Miss 
 
 IJaker" read "Ann Robinson"; line 22, for "1?<20" read 
 
 "1821"; line 25, for "Allan" read "Alline." 
 " 515, 11th line from bottom, should rerd " vi Henry, b. 1797, d. 
 
 1869, m. Mary Bent, hiwl 6 or 7 ch., all living near Annapolis." 
 " 516, line "1, for "d. unm." read " m. INIaria, dau. of R. Leslie 
 
 Hardwiok." 
 " 55:i, 'ine 11, for " Newton " read " Morton." 
 " 556, line 26, for "country" read "county." 
 
 " 571, 16th line from bottom, for " Richard J." read " Richard, jun." 
 " 581, line 14. for "— Park man " read "J. D. Parkinson, of Forest 
 
 Glen, Maryland." 
 " 593, 8th line from bottom, " Elizabeth G., dau of Joseph Rice," 
 
 should be " Elizabeth S., da'i. of James Rice." (See p. 571.) 
 " 602, 7th line from the bottom, for " Obadiah Moore " read " Obadiah 
 
 Morse." 
 " 619, 13th line from bottom, between "Jane" and "Ditmars" read 
 
 "dau. of George Vroom, and wid. of Isaac." 
 " 620, after line 17, add " vi. T^K^rama, m. Isaac Ditmars." 
 " 623, line 21, for "George" read "David" (See p. 504.); line 22, 
 
 for "young" read "aged, unm." 
 " 625, line 4, for "memoir" read "memoirs." 
 " 626, 5th line from bottom, after "dau. of "and before "Edward" 
 
 read " Ebenezer, and sister of"; 4th line from bottom, for 
 
 "Osmond " read " Esmond." 
 " 627, line 2, for "Edward" read "Edmund Spurr." 
 " 639, lines 27, 31 and 32, transfer Chalmers from ch. of Elisha to 
 
 ch. of Isaac Woodbury, jun. 
 " 640, line 7, for "James" read "Edward M." 
 
ADDUKSS FOU TIIK I^IJEKN'S JUIULKK CEI.KBRATION 
 AT ANNAI'OMS UOYAL, .ITNK J-'m), \H\)-. 
 
 No place t'ould Iuim- Ihh'm selected so suitiil.'lc as this to excite and 
 intensify the emotion wliicli the occasion insjtires ; an occasion unique in 
 the loni^ and f^lorious history of our nation and its institutions. We 
 stand within si<^lit of i\n-. spot where the spirit of civilization llrst {grap- 
 pled with the dark and towerin;{ wilderness that covei'ed this ccjntinent 
 three hundred years ago. One year before .Jamestown in N'iririnia, the 
 oldest lMij(lish settlement in Ameiica, was founded, and two yeai's before 
 anj- other buildini,' than tiie wij^wain of the s,iva<^e stood on the site of 
 old Queb(!c, the inhabitants of the villajje and fort lying live miles west 
 of us, had successfully cultivated the soil on w hich Annapolis Koyal now 
 stands, and tsrected buildings in which to store its products. Seven years 
 later the tirst fort and settlement were violently broken up, and their 
 occu[)ants sei/.ec' and carried awa}' prisoners, except a small renuiant who 
 fixed their future abodes on this spot, whicii from that time, if not from 
 the earlier date, became the continuous scene of civili/.ed domestic life 
 and rational human enjoyment. France, the most polislied nation of 
 Europe, gave of her noblest blood and bravest chivalry to tlie work of 
 planting Christianity and civilization on these wild but beautiful shores. 
 Can we picture to ourselves the scene which met the eyes of the brave 
 adventurers, or the tunotions which thrilled their hearts, as they explored 
 this basin and river, then " unknown to song," and reared their new 
 homes amid such sublime but gloomy and desolate surroundings ? How 
 do the spirits of these pioneers of civilization, the dust of some of whom 
 rests in unmarked and foi'gotten graves around us, seem to haunt <>very 
 street and alley, every by-way and corner of the old town ; Champlain, 
 the geographer and fearless explorer ; Poutrincourt, the brave and loyal ; 
 and IJiencourt, his no less gallant and unfortunate son ; Pierre DuGuast, 
 Muis D'Entremont, the learned L'Escarbot, lawyer, historian and i)oet ; 
 LaTour, the brave soldier and skilful dii)lomat. A few years latei' there 
 rises grand and portentous the gloomy figure of D'Aulnay de Charnisay, 
 who in 1G34 besgan the erection of this fort, and under whom it hajipened 
 that the litth; river Letjuille, that flows past us, ran red with the blood of 
 Frenchmen shed bv Frenchmen. 
 
XX IIISTOIIV nl' ANN M'dl.lS. 
 
 As cukiviilcil spots, ifrliiiini'il \t\ llic IiiumI of' iiuliisWy tVuiii tlic tiilf 
 (III i\w Olio Hide, uiiil till- foi'i'st Mil tlic iitlii I', lii'.'iin tn lirii,r|itt'ii iiii<i 
 
 ^liiddiMi tlin laiiilH''n|i(> -iilas, ilml tliis hIihiiM I niir llir liiittlo-^rnuiul 
 
 of till' two (MiriHtiiiii ii.iliiiiis \* III! wiTi' t'ori'iiicist in Innnaii I'littriiriMr iiiiil 
 pro;{ri'Hs, cimti'iiiliii^ ainimii tlicsi- llicii t'uriMiilalilt' I'aiiipai'ts tor thi' 
 inastt-ry ov«'r a' oiitiiH'Mt thai Im1(imi,'i'iI <>t' riylit to n«Mtlior, hut wrh sun^ly 
 lurj^e ciiouyh to satisfy the onpiility or j^ratit'y iIh' amliitii.,i of l)n;,li. 
 
 I5ut otliiM' cliaracti'i's in timi' ajiprar nn the sliit'tiii^^ patioi'Miia of 
 
 events; tliu skill ami salor nf Siilii'rcasf aiiil tin- i|i'\(itioii of his L'allaiit 
 
 troops fail to upliolii tlir i-aiisi' of i-'rain-i- : ami we catch a ;,'liinpsr of the 
 
 rpHoliitf ami dctci iniiuMi Nicholsuii, the prudent and tai-tfiil N'cti'li, tlio 
 
 jfrawiful and jicncnuis .Nra>icari'iic, liimsclf licaiini; in his \cins the licst 
 
 iiioiid of Frail''!', lait driven liy n-liLjioiis intolerance to liecoiiie a itritish 
 
 HuhJHct, und destined to lie the liist to niouiit jjiiard at tlie old fort after 
 
 it liad liiially and forevi'c pa-sed from the contioi of his native to tliut of 
 
 his adopted I'ountry. Here soon came in succession l)uvivier, Marin and 
 
 Kami'/ay, in hrave hut unavailin'^ etl'orts to recovt r for ('"rancid the jewel 
 
 that had heeii snatched fi'oin her crown ; and tlie dusky son of liaron 
 
 CiiMtine, his veins f^lowiiiLj wit h tiie ininuled hlood nf I'rench noliles and 
 
 Aliioiiipiin chiefs -itiove in vain that the liai; of his fathers uii;,dil lloat 
 
 once more ever i le hirth jilace of his Acadian iii'idi'. Oh, what hrave 
 
 hearts hu\e heen stirred at the tiuinpJ't's call, and stillud in a soldier's 
 
 death within and around these wjdls, as the hanners of England and 
 
 France rose and fell in alternate ti-iuinpli or disastei' ovr the hastion of 
 
 the old fort ! 
 
 Thu ilashiiijj tixop, the llashiiijj liluilc 
 
 Tliu liuglc's -tirriiig Itlast, 
 Tlie chiii'gf, the lircailful (•aiinoiiinh', 
 
 'riif iliii iUiil shout are past ; 
 Nor war's wild note, nor gliii ys peal, 
 
 .Slinll thrill with iiurco delight 
 Those Ill-easts tliiit neveriiioic shall fin-l 
 
 The iai»tuic of the liglit. 
 
 Next, the forms that we would " heckon from the shadowy past," are 
 those of Armstron;j;, Dnucet (another expatriated Frenchman), Phillips, 
 Hoar, How, Winniett. Williams, Coshy, Lawrence, Hanfield ; and now 
 we witness the descendaiils of the first permanent settlers, after about 
 fift}' years' unwillinj^ detention, suddenly snatched from their ahodes of 
 peace aud plenty, and 
 
 iSeattcred like dust and loaves when the mighty hhists ot Oelolier 
 Seize them and w liirl them aloft and scatter them far o'er tlie ocean. 
 
 Mitigate the event as we ma}', the eye of history can never he closed to 
 the revolting aspects of this sad episode, nor the ear of posterity be deaf 
 
AltDllKSS KOU TIIK gllKKNS .irillLKE (KI.KIlUA lloN. XXI 
 
 t(t the wiiiliiiys nt' (l»'M|iair tliiil ur'osc to linivoii fvitm this \iilltiy 11'-' yfiirs 
 n^it. Tlu' ii'i;;nin}.( iiuKuirfli iind his tniiiisicrs wen? in iitttT i^noriiiici^ of 
 tliin uiil'x'itish tniiiMiu'ti<iii until it hml hrt-n |)itiiii)c(l and cxcciitfd in tiif 
 King's niuiic l)y ihi' jirovincial authorities: mid llrr Miijifsty's grand- 
 father saw witli joy tiie siirvivois of tlie I'xilf ri'tmning tol>uild up under 
 happier' nuNpiei's new ami pidspf-rous t'oniinunities in cthci' set'tions of the 
 I'roN inee ; and the lei^n of N'ieturia has seen their descendants fitly and 
 with the clearest marks of puldic favor and royal approval, exalted to 
 • he hi;;hest places in the ^{((vcrnnienl of the country. Kive years later 
 we see a iiand of enterprising,' New Mnyland innni;;rants llockin;,' in t<» 
 occupv the vacant fauns an<l reap the henelit, althou^'h free from the 
 uuilt. of the measure that had left tlieni tenantless. Twenty years later 
 the stream of exile is reversed ; and in hunj^er, want aiul distress, the 
 victims .)f the American levolutioii, persecuted hy a resentment as hitter 
 and rancorous as it was un'ihilosophical, swarmed to this harhoi', brinj^ing 
 ill the honored eames of IJarclav, W'lswall, Uailey, De l.ancey, Davoue, 
 l!ul)inson, iiungles ;- hut where shall I stop i'l the lony array of names 
 iHirne l)y theso nusii of sterling principle and lofty aim, who, with tlie 
 wives and sisters and daughters who shared their exile, and softened their 
 hitter lot, and cheered them to their iiigh endeavor, made this place the 
 cpiiti'e of a beneficent intellectual and social influence, whose circum- 
 ferenci' embraced the six counties represenHMl here i )-da}' ? 
 
 I will not delay you by touching on more than one of the nuinberhss 
 absorbing topics which the retrospect of Jler Majesty's reign suggests. 
 T will only say that, while her gteat pred«'ct'ssors eidarged the irdluence 
 of England by the agency of the sword, her reign has, comparatively 
 speaking, b(teu an era of peace. Under the arts of pcc.ce has, in our day, 
 grown up that GreiUer Itritaiu, like the eastern banyan tree, whose wide 
 branches, bending down to earth, themselves strike root in the soil and 
 produce each ji new trunk, making indeed many diHerent trew, but, — 
 emblem of the tnnpiie and its (olonies, all one and indivisible. More 
 than (,nce has Her Majesty's inlluence and authority been exerted in the 
 interests of peace, and the nation on calmer retrospect has had reason to 
 rejoice that the sovereign was not the mere auto!iiaton in the hands of 
 her ministers that some writers think it their duty to de.scribe hei-. Tt 
 is very reinarkal>le that in rlmost every case where she is known to have 
 seiiously differed from her advisers; the event has proved that she was 
 right and thcMr policy was the mistaken one. We cannot ignore this 
 fac" on such an occasion as the present, however discomforting to the few 
 who refuse to beUeve that a constitutional and limited, bu a real, and 
 not a mere effete or shadowy monarchy, contains more of the elements of 
 stabnlity to the state and happiness to the people than any other form of 
 government. And now if the nation and the world are to escape the 
 
XXn HISTOKY (t^' ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 horrors of war thrt'iitoned b\' the critical situation in Eastern Europe, I 
 am sure it will not be due so niucli to the passionate protests and power- 
 ful eloquence of a Gladstone, or the astute and resolute diplomacy of a 
 Salisbury^; but rather, as in former flays, to the Christian temper, the 
 calm jud;^ment, the habitual moderation of sentiment, the practical 
 sagacity of the monarch, the sixtietli year of whose reign, the longest and 
 happiest in English history, her subjects now celebiate. 
 
 And while, with becoming reverence for the heroes and worthies of 
 the past, we meet in tiiis historic spot, where there are borne to us from 
 the ages the d rum-beat of the militaiy muster, and the clash and clang 
 of opjiosing arms, and fancy catches the echoes of hostile cannon, with 
 which these hillsides for a ccniury and a half almost unceasingly 
 resounded ; l)ut where we and our fathers for si.xty, nay, for a hundred 
 years, have enjoyed the blessings of an unbroken peace, and every other 
 bounty that Providence can bestow on His most favored children ; well 
 may «)ur hearts swell with ^'motions of unspeakable gratitude and loyal 
 devotion, as our voices blend in that magnificent pu'an which to-day in 
 every clime, with the rising, the mid-ilay and the descending sun, rolls 
 joyfully around the world. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 1604-1613. 
 
 Voyage and explorations of Denionts — His resolve to settle at Port Royal — Joined 
 l)y Pontgrave with more colonists — His return to France — Conies back with 
 the lawyer and poet L'Escarbot and more emigrants — Life at the fort — First 
 ship and mill Iniilt — The Indian Chief Meml)ertou — Poutrincourt goes to 
 Paris and returns to Port Royal — Conversion and baptism of Indians — 
 Destruction of the fort and settlement by Argall. 
 
 WHAT memories cluster around the basin of old Port Royal I 
 What visions of brave hearts and strong hands, of adventurous 
 enterprise and religious zeal, of coil and hardship, and of alternate suc- 
 cess and failure rise before the mind at the mention of its name ! It 
 was beside its waters that the first permanent settlement was made by 
 European immigrants in this great Canadian dominion. Three years 
 beforf; a white man's hut had been built on the site of Quebec, a fort and 
 village were to be found upon its shores, and the problem of the cultiva- 
 tion of Acadian soil had been successfully solved by the production of 
 both cereal and root crops. Its waters also received on their smiling 
 bosom the first vessel built on the Continent, and the first mill con- 
 structed in North America was built on a stream whose limpid waters 
 found their way into its hill-surrounded and protected reservoir. Its 
 shores, too, witnessed the first conquest made by Christianity, in the 
 conversion of the brave and friendly old Indian sachein, Membertou, 
 and there also echoed the first notes of poetic song heard in British 
 America — sung in honour of tlie founder of the French dominion in the 
 New World. Its shores formed, for more than one hundred years, the 
 centre of civilization and progress in Acadie — a civilization that was to 
 extend to the valleys of the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence ; and its 
 waters were reddened by the first blood shed in the long and fiercely 
 contested struggle between France and England for the possession of the 
 Continent. These and many other facts and incidents connected with 
 its early days and history, make this locality of especial interest to every 
 
2 HISTORY OK ANXAI'OLIS. 
 
 Canadian, no matter to what province he may belong, or from what 
 lineage he may have descended. 
 
 According to tLe most reliable accounts it was probably about the 
 middle of June, 1604, that Demonts and his associates with their vessels 
 entered the AniNipolis Basin, and it is more than likely they were the 
 Hrst Europeans whose eyes had rested on the glorious picture presented 
 by the natural features of that .lelightful locality. 
 
 The ships which conveyed the adventurers to the scene of their future 
 ettlement, sailed from Havrede-Orace, on the 7th of March, 1604, and 
 reached Lahave after a voyage of one month's duration. From this 
 place they proceeded to the harbour of Liverpool, from which, after 
 having confiscated the vessel of a trader — whose name, Rosignol, is still 
 perpetuated in the name of one of the lakes in Queens County —they 
 sailed onward to Port Mouton, where they landed and remained nearly 
 \ month, awaiting the arrival of another ship of the expedition laden 
 with supplies. During this interval Demonts* and his secretary, Ilallieu, 
 accompanied by Champlain and a few others, among whom was D'Aubrey, 
 • priest, proceeded in a boat, or pafoche, along the coast westwardly 
 to Cape Sable, thence northwardly through iSt. Mary's Hay and Petite 
 Passage, into the Bay of Fundy, and thence eastwardly to the strait 
 leading into Port Uoyal Lasin, through which they passed into it, though 
 it does not appear that they then explored its extent. It was during 
 this little explorato' y voyage that the priest managed to lose himself in 
 the forest of Meteghan.t Having seen enough of the beauties of the 
 basin to induce tL^m to pay it another visit, they hastened their return 
 to the ship at Port Mouion, from which — the storeship having arrived — 
 they set sail again and made for St. Mciry's Bay, and on their arrival in 
 its waters, they were rejoiced at discovering the priest who had strayed 
 from his friends seventeen days before. The joy felt by the Huguenots 
 of the pai'ty was most animated, as they had been charged, tacitly at 
 least, with having murdered him. They then proceeded through the 
 strait before named into the bay, and thence to Port Royal Basin, 
 which it had been determined to explore more fully. 
 
 * " On the IJ)th of May, 1604, Demonts, witli Rallieu, his secretary, and ten 
 others left Port Moiitoii wliile he awaited the arrival of Morel's ship, sailed along 
 the eoasts into the Hay of Fundy and into Annapolis Basin, and returned to Port 
 Mouton about the middle of June, and on the next day tiie expedition sailed 
 towards tlie huy."— Maim Iliit. Sodety Coll., Vol. VIII., 18/6. 
 
 tl do not know our author's authority for the statement that this happened at 
 Meteghan. According to Murdoch and Halil)urton it was while they were seareh- 
 iig for ores that the missing priest was foun<l, and therefore it must have been on 
 IMgby Neck or Long Island that he was lost, foi' it was tlure that they had seen 
 tt ices of the iron km. .vn to exist, especially on the Neck. According to Halibur- 
 tor, they only .sailed from the east to the west side of the peninsula during the 
 seviuiteen days between the time of his loss and his di-^covery, filing up most of the 
 timt in searches f'>r their missing companion. — [Ki>.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 3 
 
 Taking the alx»ve dates and delays into consideration, it will appear 
 tliiit Denionts reached the site of Port Royal, on the second visit, about 
 tiie middle of June, when the forest buds were about bursting into 
 full leaf, and the white blossoms of the Ami'/michier, or Indian plum, 
 exhibited their showy petals with pride, as the earliest gift of Flora 
 to the newly born summer. It was, indeed, a beautiful view which 
 presented itself to the eyes of these adventurous Europeans. As they 
 jiassed up the basin, on the left hand they beheld a range of hills, rising 
 somewhat abruptly to an average height of from four to six hundred 
 feet above the level of the river, and separating its valley from the Bay 
 of Fundy. These hills were then densely clad with primeval forest 
 trees. The beech and the birch — two varieties of the former and three 
 of the latter — six species of maples, two of elm, two of ash, with a great 
 variety of evergreens, embracing pines, spruces, firs and larches, in one 
 unbroken wilderness exhibited their various forms over a vast extent of 
 landscape. On their right they saw another range of hills extending in 
 a generally parallel direction, but less abrupt in appearance, sloping 
 gradually upward as far as their sight could reach, with here and there 
 a depression, through which streams of greater or lesser magnitude flowed 
 northwardly into the waters over which they were sailing. These 
 heights and slopes were also crowned and clothed with a .similar forest, 
 and as entirely unbroken. Looking to the westward, the strait or 
 channel through which they had entered tins charming basin being 
 entirely hidden from their view, they saw another range of hills separat- 
 ing it from the head waters of St. Mary's Bay, also covered with a 
 continuous forest, and on the eastern face of which, just one hundred 
 and eighty years afterwards, the ill-starred American Loyalists founded 
 the beautiful town of Digby. In the direction in which they were 
 moving, a forest, situated on level and less elevated land, bounded their 
 view and seemed to bar their further progress. 
 
 On landing they soon learned that they had cast anchor before a cape 
 or headland, formed by a spur of the south mountain, which, at this 
 point, protrudes itself into the head of the basin and compresses the 
 river — to which they gave the name of L'Equille — into very narrow 
 limits -limits so contracted, indeed, that this fart of the stream is to 
 this day emphatically termed "The Narrows." They seemed to have 
 remained in the basin for a very few days only, long enough, however, 
 to gain a very favourable impression of the place as possessing many of 
 the desirable requisites for a permanent settlement. Having made these 
 observations they sailed into the bay again, along the shores of which 
 they coasted eastwardly as far as Minas Basin, where they tarried a few 
 days to examine its extent, coasts and surroundings. From th's place 
 they directed their course to the northern shores of the bay, and thence 
 
4 HI.STOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 westwardly to the mouth of the great river which discharged its waters 
 at a point nearly (hie north from the strait hniding into the basin of Port 
 Royal, where they arrived on the twenty-fouith day of Juno, on the 
 festival of St. Jolm, on which account the river received its name. 
 
 After a little delay they pursued their course westward to Passama- 
 quoddy Bay, where, on a small island, which they named St. Croix, 
 they fixed their winter-quarters. This island seems to have been near 
 the mouth of the river now bearing the same name, and to have been 
 separated from the mainland by a narrow channel only ; and if must 
 have been a very small one, for L'Escarbot says, that among (he "three 
 special discommodities " suffered by Demonts and his friends during the 
 ensuing winter, was a " want of wood, for that which was ii the said isle 
 was spent in building," which could not have been said if the island had 
 been of considerable size. 
 
 It is not necessary to detain the reader by reciting the doings or 
 sufferings of Demonts and his party during the long and inclement winter 
 of 1604-5. In the spring, Champlain* tells us : 
 
 " Sieur Demonts decided upon a chnngo of place, and upon nuiking another 
 habitation in order to escape tlie rigours of clinuite wliicli n-f had experienced at Isle 
 St. Croix. Having found no other fulfilling tliese reijuirements, and there l)eing 
 little time remaining for us to Imild suitable residences, two vessels wore etjuipped 
 and fitted out with tlie woodwork of tlie houses at St. Croix, to take the same to 
 Port Royal, at twenty-five leagues distance, whicli was considered a milder and 
 much more pleasant place of residence. Le Pontgrave and I set out to go there, 
 where, having arrived, we sought a spot suitable as a place to build and sheltered 
 from the north-west wind, with which we considered that we had been already 
 too much tormented." 
 
 Before proceeding to relate the events which followed the resolution 
 to remove to Port Royal, I will let Champlain describe that basin as he 
 saw it in 1 604. He says : 
 
 " We entered one of the most beautiful ports which I had seen on these coasts, 
 where two thousand vessels could be anchored in safety. The entrance is eiglit 
 hundred paces in width. Then we entered a harbour which is two leagues in length 
 and one in breadth, which I have named Port Royal, into which descend three 
 rivers, one of wliich is large, flowing from the east, called the River L'E<|uille, that 
 being the name of a fish of the. size of a smelt, which is fished there in (piantity, as 
 thsj' also do herring ami many other kinds of fish which alwimd in their season. 
 That river is near a (juarter of a league wide at its entrance, where there is an 
 island, which may compass near a league i.i circuit, covered with wood as is all the 
 I'est of the land — as pines, firs, spruces, birches, aspens and some oaks, which mix 
 in small numlxirs with the other timber. There are two entrances to the river, 
 one north and one south of the island. That to the north is the best, and vessels 
 
 "Chpmplain accompanied Demonts in this expedition as "Royal Geographer," 
 and was an eye-witness of what he relates. This and a few succeeding extracts are 
 taken from Lavidiere's "Champlain," Chapter X. 
 
HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. O 
 
 can tlioie aiiclior uikIlt sliulter of tlie iHliind at five, .six, seven, eight and nine 
 fatiionis of «atei-, Imt one niiiMt take care of tiie Hats which extend from the 
 island." 
 
 Nearly every writer who ha.s de.scribed the -events of the initial period 
 of our history, has fallen into the error of representing them as having 
 transpired on the site of the present town of Annapolis ; hut a reference 
 to the writings of Clianiplain and L'Escarbot, and to the maps they made 
 of the basin an(i its surroundings, makes it very evident that the spot 
 selected for tlie first settlement was on the Granville shore, and a little 
 to the eastward of Goat Island, which is still known as the locus of the 
 old Scotch fort of 1621-31. In Champlain's map of the fort or stockade, 
 and basin of Port Royal, the River Imbert— now absurdly called Bear 
 River — is named St. Antoine ; what is intended for Riviere d'Orignal — 
 now Moose River — is called ItnisHeau de la Roche or Rock Brook ; and 
 the now miscalled Lequille is simply called Mill Brook. In L'Escarbot's 
 map what is now known as Goat Island — not named in Champlain's map 
 — is called Biencourtville, in honour of Poutrincourt's son Biet' court. 
 Both maps represent the fort on the spot above named, and both writers 
 artirm the same thing. Champlain says : 
 
 " After liaving searched from side to side we could find no spot more suitable 
 and better situated than a slightly isolated place around which are some marshes 
 and good springs. This place is opposite the island, which is at the entrance of 
 the River L'Kquille. To the north, at the distance of a league, there is a rojige of 
 mountains wliich exten<l nearly ten leagues north-east and south-west. The whole 
 country is tilled with very dense forests, except a point which is a league and a half 
 up the river where there are scattered oaks, and a (juantitj' of a species of wild 
 vine, which place could be easily cleared and put under tillage, although the soil is 
 poor and sandy.* We had almost resolved to build at this place, but we considered 
 that we shouhl have been too far within the port.t and up the river, which caused 
 us to change our opinion. 
 
 " Having recognized tlie site of our habitation as a good one, we commenced to 
 clear the land, which was covered with trees, and to put up the houses as rapidly 
 us possible— every one was thus emidoyed. Aftei' everything was put in order, and 
 the greater pait of the buildings dcme, Sieur Denionts thought of retiU'iiing to 
 France in order to represent to His Majesty what was needful to be done for the 
 enterprise. To connnand in his place in his absence he would have left Pierre 
 d'Orvillc ; but home-sickness, with which he was troubled, wouhl not allow him 
 to satisfy Sieur Dcnuints' desire, which was how it hajiitened that Pontgrave was 
 spoken to, and he was given in charge, which was agreeable to him, and he under- 
 took the work of completing the buililings. I, at the .same time, resolved to remain 
 there too, in the hope that I should be able to make some discoveries in the direc- 
 tion of Florida, Sieiu' Demonts agreeing thereto." 
 
 * This was undouljtedly the " cape," or present site of Annapolis. 
 
 1 1 should prefer the word " harbour " for " port " where it occurs in the trans- 
 lation of this document.-— [Ed.] 
 
6 IIISTUllY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 L'Escarbot (Div. IV., Chap. VIII.) says : 
 
 "They chose their dwelling place opjKwite an island, which is at the entrance 
 of the River L'K(|iiilIe, now called the River Danphin. It was called L'K((iiille 
 hecauHc the Hrst tish they caught there was an equille." 
 
 Pontgrave, who had spent the winter in France, returned to St. Croix 
 about the time Demonts had resolved to make Port Royal the .scene of 
 liis conterapliited settlement, with an addition of forty men to join tlie 
 new colony, and a considerable quantity of supplies. StK)n after his 
 arrival he wjus ordered to superintend the removal of the colonists and 
 their effects, a work in which he was assisted by Champlain, who accom- 
 panied him to the basin, in advance of the ships tearing the woodwork 
 of the dwellings they had used the past winter, to aid him in the selec- 
 tion of a site for their re-erection. They finally <letermined upon a spot 
 near what they called the mouth of the river, opposite Goat Island, in 
 Granville ; and when the vessels reached the port they were ordered to 
 that point to discharge theii" cargoes, and the work of founding a per- 
 manent settlement was immediately begun and rapidly carried forward. 
 When the work of building was fairly advanced, Demonts announced 
 his intention to return to France to make further arrangements for the 
 safety and welfare of his enterpi-ise. He appointed Pontgrave to be his 
 deputy during his absence, and, accompanied by his friends Poutrincourt 
 and D'Orville, Rallieu, his secretary, and a few others, he sailed for 
 France, promising to return in the spring with additional men and 
 supplies. Champlain and Champdore, the former of whom was three 
 years later to become the founder of Queliec, remained to aid and assist 
 Pontgravtj in finishing the preparations necessary foi' the coming winter, 
 which was now near at hand. Friendly relations were soon established 
 with the Indians, who readily parted with their fuis, game, and other 
 articles of trade for such commodities as they were offered in exchange. 
 The winter, no doubt, seemed long and dreary enough to the adventurers, 
 who remembered with a shudder the miseries which some of them 
 endured at St. Croix a year before, but by comparison there was less 
 suffering now than then, a fact that was not without its consolations. 
 Only six of their number died before the spring had fully opened. The 
 labour of grinding their corn in hand-mills, insufficient surface drainage, 
 and the drinking of snow water may be assigned as the predisposing 
 causes of this raort.ality. To these may perhaps be added the fact that 
 their huts had been hastily erected, and proved inadequate as a defence 
 against the severity and changefulness of the winter. 
 
 In the spring of 1606, Pontgrave fitted out a vessel which had been 
 kept at Port Royal during the preceding winter, with the intention of 
 exploring the coasts southward in order to find a better site for settle- 
 ment — a situation where the winters would be less long and severe ; but 
 
CHAMPF.AINS PLAN OF POKT KOYAL IX AC^ADIA IX KiOa. 
 
 f |Key to illustration : A, Workmen's dwellin); ; B, Platform for cannon ; C, Store- 
 house ; I), UesideiK^e for Champlain and PontKravc! ; E, Blacksmith's for^fe ; 
 F, Palisade; (•, Bakehouse; H, Kitchen; I, Gardens; K, Burying ground; 
 L, Tlie river ; M, Moat ; X, Uwellinff of Demonts ; and O, Ships' storehouse. 
 
 (From " The Stori/ 0/ Canaila." »»• Vork: G. P. J'litnaiii'ii Song.) 
 
HISTORY OK A.NAJ'OLIS. 7 
 
 having Im'cii frustrated in liis attempts by a linig continuance of atlverse 
 winds, he relinquished liis desi^'ns, and tlie su{)j)lies whieh Denionts had 
 ])r(>mised t<» set d out early this summer not having come to hand, nor any 
 tidings concerning tliem having heen received, he turned his attention to 
 shiplmilding. He constructed two small vesselH, "a l)ar(|ue and a shal- 
 lop," which were intended to be used in conveying the colonists to Canseau 
 or Isle lloyale, where it was possible lie would fall in with French ships, 
 ill which to transi)ort the settlers back to France if, in conse(|uenee of the 
 non-arrival of the reciuired supi)lie8, he should find it nece.s ary to abandon 
 the settlement. His was the first shipyard established in Nftrth America, 
 and the vessels which he launched from it were the first built on this 
 continent. 
 
 Poutrincourt, who had gone home with Demonts in the autumn of the 
 preceding year, induced Marc L'Escarbot, an advocate of Paris, to join the 
 adventurers at Port Royal, and from liis writings we glean very mucli of 
 our knowledge of the events which occurred there at this period. These, 
 in conjuncticm with some merchants of Kochelle, procured a ship named 
 the Jou'in, in which they saileil for Acadie, on the l.'Jth of May, 1606. 
 After a long and tedious voyage, on the 'J7th of July they reach«Hl their 
 destination, where they found only two men, who hiul been placed in 
 charge of the buildings and property left by Pontgra\e on his departure 
 homeward, with the remainder of the inhabitants some weeks liefore, in 
 the new vessels he had built. He returned, however, a short time after 
 the arrival of the Jonas, having been accidentally informed by some 
 fishermen whom lie met, that that ship had passed Canseau on her way 
 out. Soon after the arrival of Poutrincourt, he made active preparations 
 for clearing away the forests, with a view to agricultural operations, 
 and at the same time commenced repairing the buildings on the site of 
 the new town. The Jonas brought out a number of new immigrants 
 and considerable fresh supplies, which was a matter of much rejoicing. 
 L'Escarbot was delighted with Port Royal, "its fair distances and the 
 largeness of it, and the mountains and hills that environ it," and his 
 admiration afterwards found vent in verses written in their honour. 
 
 The priests who had come out with the expedition of 1604 having 
 returned to France, and Poutrincourt having, in the haste of departure, 
 neglected or failed to secure the services of others, the settlers were 
 without religious guides. In their absence L'Escarbot assumed the 
 duties of catechist and teacher, and as such strove successfully to impart 
 to the Indians in the neighbourhood a knowledge of the Christian 
 religion ; and his efibrts paved the way for their ultimate conversion. 
 During this summer Poutrincourt made an exploratory voyage down the 
 American coast, as far as Cape Cod. He was accompanied by his son 
 Biencourt, Dupont Grave, Daniel Hay, an apothecary, and several others. 
 
8 IIISTOUV OF ANXAroUH. 
 
 Fiv»' young lui'ii, liiivirij; liiiidod, wore (ittiu-knd \)y the Tiuliims, wlinii 
 thri'e of tliein wen' killed and the others wounded. One of the liitter 
 diefl from the ettects of his wounds, but not until after his return to Port 
 Hovfil, on the 14th of November. The survivors wc^re j^reeted on their 
 arrival with much enthusiasm and jjreat rejoioiii";. L'Kscarltot, who, as 
 we have already seen, was a poet as well as an advocate, wrote verses 
 in honour of the occasion. The.se verses were the first uttered in this 
 Dominion in any European lanj^uajje. The rejoicings over, the chiefs 
 paid a visit to the corn-fields which they had previously sown on lands 
 situated on the peninsular cii\u'. on which the town of Annapolis now 
 stands. This visit was productive of great pleasure to them, as the 
 growth of the grain since the period of being sown pointed to a future, 
 not far distant, when tliey would be relieved from the necessity of seek- 
 ing their food supplies from the Motherland. This was the initial step 
 made in farming in North America. This year (1 GOG) also witnessed the 
 construction of the first limekiln, and the erection of the first smith's 
 forge, and charcoal for the use of it was first manufactured at this time 
 also. The first efforts at road-making were also put forth in this year. 
 
 The winter of 1606-7 seems to have been passed very pleasantly and 
 agreeably by the denizens of tlie fort on the Granville shore. The chiefs 
 formed themselves into a sort of club to which they gave the title, 
 "Order of Good Times." This Order consisted of fifteen members who 
 were furnished with regalia and other insignia of office, and forms of 
 observance were instituted for the guidance of its proceedings. Each 
 memVjer in turn became the caterer to his brethren, a plan which excited 
 so much eumlation among them that each endeavoured to excel his pre- 
 decessoi- in office, in the variety, profusion and quality of the viands pro- 
 cured for the table during his term of office. Game was captured in the 
 surrounding country by their own efforts or bought from the friendly 
 Indians who had killed it. Parkman* says : 
 
 " Tliua (lid Poutrincotiit's tahli' groun beneath tlie luxuries of the winter forests, 
 ffosli of moose, cariliou anil <feer, heaver, otter and haru, hears and wihl-t-ats, with 
 ducks, geese, grouse and jilover ; sturgeon, too, and trout and fish innuniera))le, 
 speared tlirougli tlie ice of the Equille, or drawn from the depths of tlie neigli- 
 bouring sea." 
 
 Quoting L'Escarbot, he adds : 
 
 " And whatever our gourmands at lionie may think we found as good ctieer at 
 Port Royal as they in Paris, and tliat, too, at a clieaper rate." 
 
 Parkman continues : 
 
 " Tlie l)rotiierhood followed the Gi'and Master, each carrying a dish. The 
 invited guests were Indian cliiefs, of wltoni ohl Memljertou was daily present at 
 
 •See Volume I., pp. 243, '244. 
 
HISTORY OK ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 tiil>li- witli tlui Ki'fiii'li, wlin took |>Ieii8ur<' in thu ri'il-Hkiii coiDiiiinioimlii]) ; tlio.ic of 
 liinnhler do^roo, wiirriora, hijiihwh uml cliililicti, Hiit on tint tioor or crouclieil to^^ctlior 
 in tilt' I'lirniTH of 'lie hull i-a^eiiy .iwiiitiiiK tlioir ])oi'tiiin of liisutiit or of Iticad, ii novel 
 iiiiil iiufli covtafcl luxury." 
 
 This little Uouiul Tiihlt- hand irit-luded wevfral distiiiguishfd riamoH in 
 its lueinbershif). I'uiitrincourt, now the hinl of the Manor of Port Royal, 
 its rt'al founder, oci-uiiit'fl th<' first place. Chainplairi, th«! fouiidci- of 
 Quebec two years later, and the liistoi-ian of many of the events we liave 
 before n'corded ; Hiencourt, the unfortunate srm and succes.sor of Poutrin- 
 court ; L'Escarbot, advocate, poet and historian of this early jieriod in 
 the liistory of Aeadie ; Louis Hel)ert, one of the first settlers of Quebec a 
 few years later ; Robert Gravt-, Champdore, and Daniel Hay, the surgcon- 
 ajjothecary — the first of his profession who liad a medical practice in the 
 Dominion of Canada — are all known to have spent this winter on the 
 shoi'.'s of Port Royal, and to have been meml)ers of this, the first social 
 club organized in North America. 
 
 Though the winter liatl been a mild one four of the settlers died 
 toward the spring, and were l)uried near the graves of tliose who had 
 succumbed to the severity of the preceding winter. When the spring 
 opened the settlers resumed their agricultural labours on the cape ; and 
 Poutrincourt built a grist-mill, the first erected in the Dominion or on 
 the Continent. The site of this mill is traditionally fixed near the head 
 of the tide, on what they named, in conse(iuence, INIill Brook, and which 
 was afterwards known as the Allain,* now miscalled the Lecjuille River, 
 in the immediate neighbourhood of Lockwood's mills, f That tradition 
 tells a true story is evident from the remains still visible of the fort 
 built near it, a few years later, for its protection in case of assault by an 
 fnemy. 
 
 It was early in the summer of 1607 that Membertou, the Micinac 
 sachem, then nearly one hundred years old, undertook a war against the 
 Armouchi(juois Indians, a tribe of aborigines inhabiting the coasts of 
 what was afterwards called the Province of Maine. He was joined in 
 the expedition by tlie Indians of the St. John River, and scored a victory 
 over liis warlike enemies. He was much esteemed by the French, to 
 whom he, in return, gave proofs of a sincere friendship. He is said to 
 have encoui-aged the raising of tobacco by his tribe, a statement which, 
 if true, assures us that these aborigines were not without a rude notion, 
 at least, oi the art of agriculture. He has been described as tall in 
 stature, possessed of a noble presence, and as wearing a beard. 
 
 Early in the year a vessel arrived in Port Royal from France, bearing 
 
 * Louis Allain at onu time owned land at the head of the tide, recently part of 
 the Easson e.-itate. — [En.] 
 
 t Now Dargie's factory.— [Ed.] 
 
10 MISIOKV OF AXNAI'OMS. 
 
 ill iifWH to I'diitiimoiirt.. Ilt'i' cKmiimiKlcr, (JhcvivlitT, (Iclivfii-d letters 
 tti liiiii, ill wliicli he wits iiifonned tliiit tli(> |ii-(iiniiterH nf the new Aeiuliaii 
 eolony couhl im loripT defray the expenses iieoeHsiiry to its further' eitn 
 tiinmiiee, aiid nothing seemed left hut to ahiiiKloii it and i-elurn to 
 France. This news came at a most iiU)|i|M)rtuiie time, for tlie settlers 
 had lie^un to form au attachment to their new iiome, and went then 
 husdy en^a>,'ed in exfjlorinj.' simie of its reinoto Hurroundings. LKscarhot, 
 Champlain and others were ein|)loye(l in examining the river to the head 
 of the tide, and perhaps farther, whilt^ others were employed in «'nlar;;inf; 
 the cleariti^ at the cape, or in pirdenin^ at their fort near (!oat Island, 
 and all were animated by a spirit of hope for tlje succeNH of thtMr adven- 
 ture. It was with sad hearts thcM'efore that the colonists received the 
 news now communicated hy their leader, Foutriiicourt, who, however, 
 informed them of his determination to return as stxin as he could 
 succeed in making the arrangemiMits necessary fr)r the continuanctt of 
 his enterprise. 
 
 Un i/uly .'{Otii, L'Escarhot, witii all the inhabitants, except ei;;ht soids, 
 lefl. Port Royal in the "shallop and jialacln;" which had been built at 
 their fort the year before, to proceed to Canseau, where the Joniis was 
 awaitinj^ t'leir arrival (havinj; reached that place in May), in order ti» 
 convey them to France. On their way they jiut into Lahave for a 
 short time, and probably at oth(!r points along the coast. Poutrincouit, 
 however, delayed liis departure until the grain at the cape had ripened, 
 that he might be able to carry samples of it to Paris ; and as we are 
 informed that he left tlio basin on the 11th of August, it might reason- 
 ably l)e inferred that rye was the grain to which reference has been 
 made, though it is possible that winter wheat had been sown there 
 during the previous autumn, in which case the crop might have reached 
 maturity at the time named. 
 
 The voyage tr> Canso was successfully made by Soth the pjvrties, and 
 they set sail on the 3rd of September, 1607, reaching their destination 
 aftei a <)uick voyage, about the beginning of October. The desertion 
 of the colony was complete; not a Europ >an was left in the hamlet or the 
 fort, or in their vicinity. Great was the grief of Membertou and his 
 people. He had been an honoured guest of the Knights of the Port Royal 
 Order of Good Times. His people had been the recipients of many 
 favours at their hands. He had been filled with admiration at their 
 mode of living, and won over by the wise kindness shown to himself 
 and those over whom he ruled ; and although Poutrincourt had matle 
 him a present of the supplies remaining after his departure, the gift gave 
 but slight consolation for the grief caused by the absence of those whom 
 he had learned to regard as the true friends of himself and his tribe. 
 
 On his arrival at Pari.s, Poutrincourt applied to the king, Henry IV., 
 
IIISTOIIY Oi ANVAI'OMS. I I 
 
 • 
 
 tor 11 cohliriimtioii of the ;;iMiit of tlu' sfij{iiiory of Port lloyiil, whiil* 
 DotnontH Imd f<iv*>ii him in lOdrt. 'l'\u> rei|u*>st wiis (;oin|ili(Ml witli; liut 
 it (liM'H not appear that li<> visited Acadic a^aiii li<-fr)i-c It) 10, tlioii^li it 
 secin.H it'i'taiii tiiat hoiik'IkmIv diil visit the ahaiidoiied fort in l(30i) ; fur in 
 1827 a stoiHi was diMcovured on or very near the Mite of the (»ld fort, on 
 wliich were engraved I lie KreeinaHonH' arms and the dat(( 100!). This 
 stone, which F saw many year's aj,'o in tlie oUice of tlie hit«^ Samuel (,'ow- 
 lin;;, wa.s in tht; possession of the late iJuil;;e Thomas ('. ilalihiiiton, 
 and is now tho property of liis son, Robert (Jrant llalihurton.^ It is a 
 silent hut sure witness that some person or persons visited the fort in 
 that year, and it is also the oldest masonic memorial in the hominion, 
 and probably in North America. 
 
 It does not appear to have Iwen an easy matter for Poutrincourt to 
 jKsrfect his arrangements foi' u speedy return to Acadie ; but whatever 
 weri' the diHiculties witli which he had to contend, he finally overcame 
 them all, and opened the way for his return to Port Royal with a con- 
 siderable number of emigrants. In February, ItUO, he set sail fron» 
 Krance, and reached the site of the settlement about the 1st «»f .June, the 
 passage having been prolonged by unexpected delays in various harbours 
 along the coasts. 'I'he arrival of the new settlers was, however, early 
 enough to enable them to sow the seeds they had brought out with 
 th<'iM, a work which was immediately commenced by the farm labourers, 
 whom he had biought with him ; and the mechanics wert; employtnl in 
 repairing tlit^ houses which had been left vacant more than two y(?ais 
 before. The king had coupled with his confirmation of Poutrincourt's 
 grant the condition that he should take out with him on this occasion a 
 ..fesuit priest or priests, with a view to the conversion of the aborigines 
 of the country. In conse(juence of this condition he was accompanied by 
 Father Flesche, who, on the 24th of June, baptized a number of Micmacs, 
 anumg whom was their honoured sachem, our old friend Membertou. I 
 believe that this was the first instance of the administration of this rite 
 in the Dominion (jf Canada, and that Membertou was the fii'st convert 
 to the Christian faith among the Indians of North America. Soon after 
 the interesting ceremony took place, Biencourt was despatched to France 
 to convey the welcoim; tidings to the French king, and was directed by 
 his father to bring (jut with him, on his return, fresh supplies for the 
 sustenance and comfort of the new colony <Juring the coming winter. 
 He did not complete his arrangements, however, until January, IGll. 
 
 *It is now in the custody of the Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto. It whh 
 discovered by tiie latd Dr. Charles Jnckson, of Boston, the celebrated chemist 
 and geologist, mid his cou'ipanion, Francis Alger, wliik: on a geological survey of 
 the Province. Dr. Jackson, in a letter now in the j)ossession of the Histoi-ie- 
 Oenealoj^ical Society of Boston, says tliev found it on the shore of (Joat Island. — 
 /'roi-fiiliiit/.-i of (/niiiil Loflijc of J/aw., 18!»1, pp. 19, 20.— [Kd.] 
 
12 HISTORY CF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 On the 26th of that month he set sail, taking with liim two additional 
 priests- -Fathers Biard and Masse — hut did not reach Port lloyal until 
 the 22nd of June, which was Whitsunday. The vessel used on this 
 voyage was of sixty tons hurthen onl}', and her crew and passengers 
 numbered in all only tliirty-six souls. 
 
 Poutrincouit must have felt unmingled satisfaction as he belield this 
 vessel coming safely into port. Twenty-tliree persons had been depending 
 on him for maintenance during the long winter, and the food had 
 diminished to such a degree that he had been compelled to rely on his 
 Indian neighbours to supplement his stores with such products as they 
 were able to furnish. The vessel having, however, brouglit but small 
 additional supplies, it was thought necessary to obtain an immediate 
 augmentation of them, for he now had fifby-nine mouths to feed, instead 
 of twenty-three. Witii this intention, he made a voyage to the coasts 
 of what has since been called New England, where he fell in with four 
 French vessels, from which he obtained what he sought ; and having 
 induced their captains to acknowledge his son as vice-admiral, he 
 returned to Port Royal, where he announced his intention to revisit 
 France. His object was to secure further advantages for his infant 
 settlement. All the inhabitants, except Biard and Masse and twenty 
 others, whom I'e left under the command of Biencourt, accompanied him 
 on the homeward voyage. 
 
 In this year (1611) the recently converted Micraac chieftain, Mem- 
 bertou, died, and received Christian burial. From him and his family it 
 is more than probable that Biard and Masse obtained much of their 
 knowledge of the Indian language, and it was, no doubt, with feelings 
 of ct)nsiderable regret that they performed the rites of sepulture over 
 the remains of the aged and esteemed sachem. His body was buried 
 neai- the fort, and probably in lands now owned by the Robblee family, 
 in (iraiiville.* 
 
 Poutrincourt, who, we have seen, left Port Royal in .July, reached 
 France in August, but did not succeed in accomplishing the object of his 
 visit till near the close of the j'ear. It was not, indeed, until the last da}' 
 of December that he was able to despatch a vessel from Dieppe with 
 provisions and other neces.saries to the cokmists whom he had left in 
 Acadie. The vessel arrived at Port Royal on January 23rd, 1612, not a 
 moment too soon for the relief of its inhal)itants, who had been placed 
 on allowance some weeks before, in order to make the most of their 
 scanty provisions. This ship was commanded by Simon Imbert, wliose 
 name was given afterwards to the stream which we now call by the 
 
 * In the autlior's iin))erfect MS. in the library of King's CoUoge it is siiid li"! was 
 interrt'd liy liis own conHent in the l>urial-groun(l whidi liail been reetntly conse- 
 crated foi- that purpo.se. — [F.i>. ] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 18 
 
 ■ 
 
 conuptod, coinmonpliice and falsely distinctive name of Bear River. In 
 this vessel came Gilbert du Thet, a priest of the Order of Jesus, to take 
 the place of Father Masse, who had gone to the St. John River with 
 a son of MtMubertou, having adopted the Indian mode of life, the better 
 to enable him to pursue: the study of the aboriginal languages. During 
 the summer Poutrincourt j)aid a visit to Chiegiiecto and Minas, and 
 came near being wrecked on the homeward voyage, which induced him 
 on his return to order another barge or shallop to be built at Port Royal, 
 which when completed was used by Riard, Jean Baptiste, charpeiifier, and 
 a servant in continuing the exploration of the river and in fishing. 
 
 The winter of 1612-13 is reported to have been one of considerable 
 want and hardship to the settlei's. Biencourt, who began to distrust 
 the priest:;, for whom he does not seem to have had much regard, had 
 been informed of the purchase of the rights of Demonts in Acadie, by 
 Madame de Guercherville, and he fancied he had cause to fear that plans 
 were being secretly matured, whicli, if carried out, would endanger his 
 father's rights in Port Royal, and a general feeling of uneasint;ss and 
 distrust crept into the little community, which tended to increase their 
 difficulties and depress their hopes. 
 
 The lady above named having ourchased Acadie, except Port Royal, 
 determined to send out fresh emigrants and ample supplies to that country. 
 In March, 1613, she therefore despatched a vessel from Hontleur with 
 forty-eight persons, including her crew, togethei- with horses and goats 
 and a year's allowance of food, which arrived at Port Royal late in May. 
 On hi r arrival, five souls only were found in the towu, Biencourt and his 
 men being absent on exploring expeditions in various directions. 
 Hebert, the apothecary, acted as governor in the absence of Biencourt, 
 and to him were delivered the letters from the Queen of France authoriz- 
 ing the return of Fathers Biard and Masse by the vessel of Madame 
 de Guercherville. The ship having discharged her freight and received 
 these gentlemen on board, together with Du Thet, the new priest who 
 had accompanied Poutrincourt on his return thither, mailed to the island 
 of Mont Desert and made a liMiding on the mainland nearly opposite to 
 it, perhaps with a view to forming a new .settlement there ; but whatever 
 may have been their object, it was suddenly and ruilely interrupted and 
 frustrated by the occurrence of an unexpected and undesirable event. 
 The English, who had recently formed a settlement at Jamestown in 
 Virginia, began to look with jealousy, not perhaps unmixed with fear, at 
 the establishment of a fort and settlement in Acadie by France, and 
 commands had been sent to the Governor of that colony to compass the 
 destruction, by capture or otherwise, of the town and works at Port 
 Royal. In agreement with these orders. Captain Samuel Argall was 
 despatched with several vessels and a number of men to carry out this 
 
14 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 object, and while on his voyage thither he acciflc!! tally fell in with the 
 French ship and party at Mont Desert, and made a prize of the one and 
 prisoners of the others, but not till after a sharp fight, in which Du That 
 was killed while gallantly defending his coui .rymen. These Argall sent 
 to \''irginia by one of his ships, and with the remainder proceeded to Port 
 lloyal, where he arrived about the time of the return of Biencourt, with 
 whom it is said th: t he held an interview in a meadow or marsh near the 
 town, which was already in the hands of Argall. It is supposed that 
 this conference was solicited by the former with a view to some com- 
 promise which might save the place from utter destruction. During its 
 continuance, there can be no doubt that he urged his own right to the 
 settlements, his desire to live at peace with the English, his helplessness 
 to injure them, even if he desired to do so, and the ruin that would ensue 
 to innocent and harmless people on the destruction of their dwellings 
 and improvements ; but the English commander was deaf alike to the 
 eloquence and the logic of the Frencliman, and he proceeded to execute 
 his orders to the letter. Murdoch (Vol. I., page 58) says : 
 
 " Argnl! destroyed tlie fort and all monuinunts and marks (/f French power at 
 Port Royal. He even caused the names oi Demonts and otlier captains, and (he 
 Jieurs de lis to be effaced with pick and chifid from a massive stone on which 
 thej had been engraved, but he is said to have .spaied the mill and the barns up 
 the river." 
 
 It was, indeed, a sad sight for Biencourt and his friends to witness so 
 melancholy a conclusion to an enterprise that had already cosb more 
 than one hundred thousand crown.s, and that had in some degree, at 
 least, given promise of a happier and more desirable result. 
 
 When the wretched news of this disaster reached Poutrincourt, he 
 gave up forever all connection with Acadie, and returning to the service 
 of the king, was killed at the storming of Afh'i/ sur Seine, in December, 
 1615. It has been stated that an epitiiph to his memory was cut "into 
 the marble and trees, at Port Royal, by order of his son Biencourt," but 
 no remains of any description have been discovered to verify the statement. 
 
HlSTv)l{Y OK ANNAPOLIS. 15 
 
 API'ENDIX TO CHAPTER I. 
 
 Tilt' first mill was built on the easternmost mouth of the Lequille, 
 where it discharges its waters fresh from Grand Lake into the tideway 
 at tue head of the marsh. The remains of the old dam are plainly visible 
 to-day, having been composed of stones and earth, and may be viewed by 
 wi. Iking a few rods down the stream from Dargie's mills. T)ie structure, 
 it will be seen, stood at the foot of a steep hill of considerable elevation, 
 and the visitor, if he choose to climb to the summit of that portion of it 
 which is in the north-western direction from the dam, will be rewarded 
 by seeing the remains of the works once erec^od by the French settlers 
 for the defence of the mill in case of attack. The remains of the Ijreast- 
 works, which foimed a shelter to their musketeers, may be traced many 
 rods, in an irregular curvo, from where the chief battery was fixed, in a 
 north and westerly direction, following the summits of the heights ; and 
 the ditch which w!is made in excavating the matt ial to form this work 
 is still visible iii many places. The main battery commanded the head 
 of the marsh so as to I'ender an attack by way of the river by Iwats both 
 dangerous and difficult. It also covei'ed the mill, and commanded the 
 high lands on the opposite side of the stream. These remains are v/ell 
 worthy the notice of tourists, and should be better known to our own 
 people. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 1613-1686. 
 
 Biencourt and some colonists lenuiin — Sir W. Alexander and the Scotch fort — The 
 De 111 Toiu's — Razilli — D'Aulnay do Cliariiisay — QuaiTcls and war hetwcon him 
 and Latour — Takes Latour's fort — His death — Le 15orgne — Capture of Poet 
 Royal and its restoration — La Valliere — Perrot — Census — Names of French 
 colonists. 
 
 ALTHOUGH the d\velHng.s at Port Royal had been destroyed, it is 
 certain that some of the inhabitants, who were absent during 
 Argall's visit, probably at their barns and cornfields, or mill, or who 
 had otherwise escaped him, either returned and rebuilt their houses, 
 or built others amidst their cornfields, on the present site of the town, 
 and continued to inhabit the country until the advent of Sir William 
 Alexander's colony in 1621. Biencourt is known to liave resided there 
 in 1617, and it is also known that a company of French adventurers, 
 connected with the peltry trade of Acadie, sent out some Recollet mis- 
 sionaries in 1619, who, among other duties, were charged "to undertake 
 the care of some old inhabitants of the district who had remained there 
 with Monsieur Biencourt." The little community supported themselves 
 as best they could by means of the produce of their flocks and gardens, 
 and of the fishery and the chase, until the arrival of the British colony in 
 Granville, when they thought it unsafe to remain longer, and sought a 
 temporary asylum at Cape Sable, where, under the leadership of Charles 
 Amador de la Tour, they built a fort which they called St. Louis, and 
 obtained protection and a home for several years. Biencourt attached 
 himself to the fortunes of Latour soon after the Argall concjuest, and 
 became his friend and lieutenant. The anxieties, perplexities and hard- 
 ships which attended liis life during the interval of 1613-22, hatl a 
 fatal effect upon his constitution, and death closed the scene of his mis- 
 fortunes in 1623. He left all his possessions and command at Port 
 Royal, by will, to Latour, whose name and that of his father, Claude 
 de la Tour, were destined to become from this time so intimately and 
 interestingly connected with the history of Acadie. 
 
 In 1621 Sir William Alexander became the possessor of the countrj' 
 under a patent from James I., and sent over a number of Scotch colonists 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 17 
 
 under the command of his son, who, on their arrival, made a settlement 
 Jind rebuilt the French fort in Granville on a site nearly opposite the 
 eastern extremity of (Joat Island. This fort — commonly called the Scotch 
 Fort — was situated about four miles in a direct line from the site of the 
 second French fort, and commanded the northern or main channel of the 
 river. Some of these new settlers probably took possession of the vacated 
 houses and gardens of the French on the cape, for it is certain that Sir 
 David Kirk left an addition to their number on the occa.sion of his visit 
 there in 1628. On his return voyage to Quebec, Kirk captured a French 
 ship bound to that port, on l)oard of which was Claude de la Tour, whom 
 he made prisoner and conveyed to England. This Claude de la Tour, or 
 Latour, had been connectefl with Acadie and New France for a period of 
 nineteen years before this event. His first visit appears to have been to 
 Port Royal in 1609, as will be .shown further on, and seems to be associ- 
 ated with the oldest remaining memorial of the French dominion on this 
 continent. It was at this eventful period of his life that Latour made 
 the ac(juaintance of the new proprietor of Acadie, from whom he obtained 
 large grant of lands in that country for himself and son, on condition of 
 a change of allegiance on their part. Before leaving England he married 
 a inaifl of honour to Henrietta, the English queen, and was created a 
 knight-baronet of Nova Scotia. The lands, of which he had accepted a 
 grant as the price of his treason toward his sovereign, included within 
 their limits the settlement and fort of his son Charles at Cape Sable, 
 embracing all that part of the Province lying between Cape Forchu and 
 Lunenburg, and extending forty miles in a northwardly direction. The 
 condition of this grant was that the fiefs thus conveyed should be held 
 under the Crown of England. Its acceptance, therefore, involved a total 
 change of allegiance, which was made on the spot by Claude, who also 
 pledged himself to obtain the like change on the part of his son Charles, 
 when he should arrive at Cape Sable, a pledge he was unable to redeem 
 owing to the inflexible determination of his son to remain faithful to the 
 French king, his sovereign. 
 
 These (tveiits took place in 1629, during the summer of which Latour, 
 accompanied by his bride, sailed for Cape Sable, and on his arrival com- 
 municated his plans to his son, who, on hearing that the advantages 
 gained had been purchased at the price of treason, refused to listen to his 
 father's proposals. Finding that persuasions and threats were alike use- 
 less, he repaired to Port Royal, where he remained with the English till 
 near the close of the following year ; when, having received a letter from 
 his son informing him that he — the son — had been appointed lieutenant- 
 general t'oi- the French king, and that men, arms, ammunition and other 
 supplies had been sent out to him, Claude detennined to commit a second 
 treason. He was strongly ui'ged to this ci>urse by his son ; and on the 
 
18 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 promise of being protected aiifl provided for, he and his wife left Annapolis 
 und went to live at Cape Sable, where his son built a house for them. 
 The accounts that have come down to us concerning aflFairs at this time 
 are scanty and fragmentary, and it is almost impossible to weave them 
 into a readable and truatwortliy narrative. That Jjtttour on finding his 
 negotiations with his son a failure, sought refuge in Port Royal (then in 
 Knglish possessi(m), there is no doubt. It would be interesting to know 
 how his wife legarded the change from an honourable position and life in 
 the Court of Charles I. to life in an Acadian wilderness; to be informed 
 how they amused themselves during the days of the dreary winter months 
 of 1629-30, and to learn what plans for the future were discussed. But 
 of these things we can now glean no positive information. Tt is much to 
 be regretted that his wife drops entirely cmt of sight after her removal to 
 Cape Sable. 
 
 Befoi-e passing fi-om this period of the history of Port Royal, it may 
 be well to suggest to the reader that during the twenty-eight years since 
 the first landing of Demonts, \ery considerable changes had taken place 
 there. Besides those that existed on the site of the first settlement, 
 opposite Goat Island, clearings had also been made at the cape and in its 
 neighbourhood, especially toward tl»e mill, which, as I have already said, 
 stood near the head of the tide on Mill Brook, now miscalled Lecjuille. 
 Gardens had been cultivated and farms commenced in all these districts, 
 and meadows had been reclaimed, and domestic animals introduced, 
 which now, no doubt, began to be quite numerous. In the letter of 
 King Charles I. to Sir William Alexander, dated in July, 1631, he 
 charges him "to demolish the fort that was builded there by your son 
 and to remove .all the people, goofls, oixlnance, ammunition, cattle and 
 other things belonging to that colony." This statement makes it certain 
 that the Scotch settlers were possessed of live stock, and in order to its 
 sustenance the soil must have Ijeen cultivated. Now, as this settlement 
 containefl seventy families, and they were about ten years settled there, 
 the improvement.s made must have been very considerable. It is a 
 matter of regret that we know so little of the saj'ings and doings, and 
 the wants, wishes and hopes of these first British settlers ; of their 
 relations to the Indians, of their mode of living and pursuits, and more 
 especially of the particulars which attended their ultimate extinction. 
 From a statement made by the elder Latour to his son after his 
 removal to Cape Sable, we learn that seventy* settlers wintered on the 
 shores of the basin of Port lloyal in 1629-30, and that out of that 
 number not less than thirty died of scurvj' and other diseases. The 
 remainder of them, unprotected by the presence of Latour and receiving 
 no aid from home, were attacked by the Indians and fell victims to the 
 .scalping-knife and the ravages of want and sickness, with the exception 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS, 19 
 
 of one family only, two members of which were living in 16'.)'), Iiavin<; 
 become Roman Catholics and married French wives. Thus ended the 
 first attempt at colonization on the part of Great liritain in Nova Scotia. 
 
 By the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, Port Royal, with the whole of 
 Acadie, passed again into the hands of France (March, 16.'}2), and Isaac 
 de Razilli was sent out to take formal possession of the country from the 
 English. With him came again the Recollet missionaries, who had been 
 i)anished from the Province by the English during their occupancy, and 
 resumed their cures. With him also came Charles de Menou, Seigneur 
 D'Aulnay de Charnisay, as one of his lieutenants, Charles Amador de la 
 Tour, of Cape Sable, being the other, each foi' a separate section of 
 Acadie, D'Aulnay's the western and Latour's the eastern. De Ra/illi, 
 who acted as governor, or lieutenant-general for the French king, made 
 liis headcjuarters at Lahave, where he settled forty families, but after his 
 death, which occurred in 1633 or 1634, D'Aulnay removed these settlers 
 to Port Royal, located them with twenty more whom he brought from 
 France on the site of the present town, and built a new fort for their 
 protection. In 1634, Claude de Razilli, the brother of l.saac, received a 
 grant of Port Ro3'al from the company of New France. In 1635 the 
 same company granted the "fort and habitation of Latour," on the 
 St. John River, to Charles Latour. This fort was situated where the 
 town of Carleton now stands, and became the theatre of stirring events 
 subsecjuently. Isaac de Razilli had left all his rights and property in 
 Acadie to his brother Claude, who, in 1642, conveyed them to D'Aulnay. 
 
 Difficulties and ditt'ererices soon occurred between D'Aulnay and 
 Charles Latour (1635-50). D'Aulnay's headcjuarters were first at Pen- 
 tagoet, and Latour's were at Fort Latour, on the St. John River ; but 
 Port Royal was occujiied by the former .some years before its transfer to 
 him by Claude de Razilli, and as early as 1638 King Louis XTII. urged 
 them to preserve a goo<l understanding, and avoid (juarrels about their 
 respective jurisdictions, confirming D'Aulnaj' at Lahave and Port Royal, 
 and Latour in his more advantageous trading post at St. John. But in 
 February, 1641 or 1642, D'Aulnay, by his influence with Richelieu, 
 secured an order to Latour to proceed to France to answer certain grave 
 but groundless charges against him, and authority to arrest him in case 
 of refusal, which edicts were soon followed by an entire re^•ocation of his 
 authority. In the next year a new order for his arrest was issued, and 
 in 1643 open war resulted. D'Aulnay attacked Fort Latour with a fleet 
 of four vessels and five hundred men, and brought Latour and his small 
 garrison into great straits. He succeeded, however, in escaping from his 
 fort, with his wife, on the night of June 12th, 1643, to a storeship that 
 had arrived at the mouth of the harboui' a day or two pievious, but dared 
 not come further, having received information of D'Aulnay's presence 
 
20 HISTOllY OF ANXAI'OI.IS. 
 
 inside. In this ship he procoedtKl t(» Boston, where he soujjht iiirl against 
 liis lulversaiy from tlie rivil authorities. He succeeded in securifii; tiie 
 official permission ()f Govt>rnor Wintlirop to ciiarter vessels, enga^f nieii 
 and purchase cannon, and he lost no time in charti ring four vessels, 
 e)ilistir g fifty men and purchasing thirty-eight pieces of cannon, together 
 with ninety-two soldiers, the whol(> being armed and victualled hy him 
 self. The cost of tiiis expedition was secured by mortgage on his real 
 and personal property in Acadie. With this little Heet he sailed for 
 Fort Latour on the 14th of -July, an<l innnediately on his airival 
 attacked D'Aulnay — who had not succeeded in capturing the jilace 
 during his absence — who, taken by surprise, t«x)k to Hight with a \ iew 
 to shelter himself under the guns of liis fort of Port Royal. Latour, 
 determined not to let him escape so easily, pursued across the bay and 
 up the basin to the very walls of the fort, and finally forced him to an 
 engagement near a mill on the l)auks of the Leijuille River. The spot 
 where this fight is said to have occurred is alx)ut a third of a mile north 
 of Dargie's mills,* and near the place where tradition affirms a mill has 
 not been absent since Poutrincourt erected the first one built in the 
 Dominion in 1607. Several persons were killed on both sides in this 
 affiiir, but victory declared itself on the side of Latour. 
 
 D'Aulnay, soon after his defeat, took his departure for France to 
 invoke aid to enable him to recover his lost ground in Acadie. 
 
 Murdoch (Vol. L, page lO.'l) thus justly sunnnarizes the conduct of 
 Latour on this occasion : 
 
 " One cannot help admiring the activity and capacity tlisplaycil hy Char^^s <lc la 
 Tour in this instance. Hemmed in liy sui)eri()r forces, he sees anil seizes im ,i 
 mode of extrication which calls into play his elo(nience, I'eaaoning and jjerstiasioii. 
 Presei-ving a calm and dignifie<l attitude in a foreign town, amid conflicting senti- 
 ments and interests, lu overrides tlie sci'uples, distrust and caution of the Knglish 
 of Boston, and obtains |)owerful reinforcements tlieio ; and having so far succeeded, 
 his raj)id movements as the solilier and the man of hiisiness enal)le him to turn iiis 
 forces to account witli )Ut dangerous delays. But a month iiad ela))sed from his 
 arrival in Boston with lut one vessel, until he leaves it witii an armament of tive and 
 a valuable land force bes-ides. Hit removing his ladv fi'om the beleaguered fort, 
 Mhere iier pi-esence won! 1 |>robably h.ive been of no avail to the defenders, and where 
 she wcmld have Iteeu i xp )sed to many dangers, and iransferring her to Bo.ston, 
 where siie could exerci -e an inHueii. e luost favourable to liis )>rojects, is also 
 deserving of great connn ^ndatioii." 
 
 D'Aulnay returned from France in 1014, and immediately repaired to 
 Boston with the objictof changing the good feeling which the people 
 and the authorities tl ere had mariifesled toward his rival, and for this 
 purpose he exhibited a.n order from the French king for the arrest of 
 
 * 1) Aulnay's vessel lad stranded near tfie mouth of tlie stream, which he 
 probably ascen<led in ordei' to cross it to readi liis fort. — [I'.'d.] 
 
HlS'nmV OF ANNAPOLIS. 21 
 
 liiituiir Hiul his wife on charges of treivaon. In this attempt he, for the 
 tiiin' ill h-ast, siK'Cceded, 
 
 The nature of tlie contest betwet'n these rivals, tlie causes wiiich 
 operated to prcwluee it, and the particuhirs of their ne<i;otiations with tiie 
 Massachusetts authorities iiave l)een matters of mere conjecture until 
 recent years ; indeed, until the text of their correspondence, includinj^ 
 an account of their negotiations during that period, was discovered in 
 thf archives at Boston alK)ut the year 1H38, and which has since been 
 })rinte(l in the collections of the Massachusetts Histoiical Society for that 
 vear. We shall devote a few pages to the contents of these valuable 
 pajters. 
 
 (Ml OcIoIkm- "Jlst, 1(>44, D'Auliui.v uddfesscrl a loii^ letter to Kndiuott, then 
 (hivoiiioi- of MHssiicliusftts. ill ulr li liu set fort.i tliiit a sulijec-t i)f liis master, the 
 kin, ' of Fiaiicf, Latour, hml liecii coiinteimnoed iiiid aided in liis relKjllion against 
 his king, and reminds that gentleman that he had eonveyed to liim and his biotlitr 
 magistrates in Boston the desire of liis nia<ti>r that tliey wonld not be guilty of the 
 impropriety of aiding liis rebel 8iil)jeet at a time when tiie two nations were at 
 peace. He now sends liis peisonal frieml, Monsieur Marie, to IJoston to "demand 
 jtistiee and due reason in all kind, foi' certain grievances, wrongs and injuries which 
 mine and myself have received from yours." He is very desirous to secure and 
 maintain |)eaceful lelations witii his Knglish neighlmurs, and Marie has been 
 inslruited and authori/.ed to do all in his powei' to secure this end. As to the 
 (•harges* that had been preferred by them against him, they were easily refuted. 
 " To the first," he says, " I rejjly that Captain John Rose only hath lost the goods 
 of Monsieur Richard .Salstonstal, making shipwreck upon the Isle of Sables, where- 
 iinto neitlier the deeeasetl monsic ar, the commander of Hazilli, then lieutenant- 
 geiicrul for the king in all the extent of New Fi'ance, nor myself did in any measure 
 contribute, seein^, that we were so far asunder, and that the said Captain Rose, 
 bciui.' throiigh storm of wind by hazard ])ut into the harbour of Lahave, where 
 tlien he was una(M|\uiinted, was kindly received and entertained by the .said sieur 
 in the snid place : the ship being then returned to France, the year ensuing all his 
 com|)any were deliveied unto him, and a thousand crowns which he had in his 
 cotter ; and for certain cables and sails which he had saved of the wreck of his ship, 
 the said .sieur, the connnandei' of Ha/.illi, gave him in payment .iirm or (ii/fif hundred 
 Inilloiit i>J iiinsslri- 'jo/il, ifliicli he laiixi'd to lie taken off from one of hix snilx, drairinif 
 hillx upon me, whieh 1 aerrpted, and tiro daiitt after /miil him hix mon'-y." "To the 
 second," he says, " I answer that when the said decea.sed commander of Kazilli 
 ■came into this country, he had order by his commission to withdraw Fort Royal out 
 of the hand of the Scots, an<l that by an article contained in the treaty of peace 
 made between tlie French and English after the taking of Roehellc. You have but 
 little knowledge of tlie letter drawn upon l)e Boulemeky for satisfaction of certain 
 Indian corn, cattle and ordnance which the suid Scots left with us. The like com- 
 mand also he had to clear the coast unto Penuujuid and Kennebek of all persons 
 whatevei-, and to cause them to withdraw, if there were any habitation seated on 
 this side. It was myself who received orders to execute the total, and met with 
 Thomas Willett, placed at Peinptagoitt. I prayed him to be gone, giving him to 
 anderstand with as much civility as I could, that it was not a place for him to 
 
 * These charges can only be inferred from his answers. 
 
22 HISTORY OK .WNAPOLIS. 
 
 inlmliit. yiv I'lirriftl iiwiiy what he t'lmhl, iiml of wlmt rt'iiiaincMl thi^re wnH iiii 
 iiivuiitory inailc, wliich he ami I signccl iintn. ai>'I in tho ti|mh(it I pivf him a hill tn 
 iiiakt! Iiiiii |iayiiu'iit ii|Hin ilt'iiiuiKl. A iiionth aftei' he citiiir to the ^<aill placx' with 
 a .shi|) anil piiinaii' to tilt' oiiliiaiKc iipon tlicin who were tlii'ic without aHkiii^ what 
 was iliif uiiio him. ... I iltil him no wrong to fonr iiim to ilc))art, Nccing he 
 prisscHNtil allot Iter's right."* 
 
 Ah to tlie third imd fourth eliiu'fjes lie continut>s tliu.s : 
 
 '• 1 tiiink I Imvc unswercd your thinl aititU' hy thr end of this second. For the 
 fourth I might go for a sonncjess linilc, if, after all those acts of hostility received 
 from youi's. without giving tliein the le.ist oceasion myself or those whom I have 
 left this winter to conimand in my .iiisenee in those phieeR, we should not have 
 given the like commission. You are so «-ell versed in warlike <lesign, and under- 
 stand as well points of State and tiuit whi.'li coiieeiiieth justice, as to judge therein, 
 behold the truth in his liiightness as 1 have known it." 
 
 Haviiij; thus far defended liis govermiient afi;ainst the complaints of 
 the Enj^lisli oolonistH, he now comes to the real object of his letter, tliat 
 is to say, to endeavour to detach Endicott and liis people from the 
 interests of Latour. He says in conclusion : 
 
 " Moreover, with your favour I should crave answer to the articles which Marie 
 shall propound unto you about those things which do concern me ; but, above alt, 
 how you desire to act for the future toward the said Simr ImIohv. ... If I 
 can but obtain from you this recpiest as to desist from fitnienting the rebellion of 
 the said Sieur de la Tour, I engage my word from this hour by these that whatever 
 troubles may fall out, yea, lH?tweeii the two crowns of France and England, to keep 
 iiiviola))ly with you and those which are under your authority, that peace and 
 intelligence which are reijuisite in these beginnings."" 
 
 The letter from which tliese extracts have been made was sif^ned 
 D'Aulnay, " Governor and Lieutenant-General for the king in all the 
 coasts of Acadie, country of New France," and was written at Port 
 Royiil. 
 
 Six days after its date, namely, on the 27th of October, and without 
 any knowletlge of its contents, Latour addressed a letter to the same 
 parties in Boston, from which we cull the following excerpta : 
 
 " I could not know how to divest myself of the deep feelings with which your 
 kindness has tilled me, nor to deprive myself of the confidence with which your 
 generosity has furnished me, nor do I believe that, however my enemy may have 
 gone to Boston to deceive you and make me j)as8 for a traitor, you will condemn 
 me without a hearing or abandon ine because he would invade my interest. He is 
 a man of artifice, who, knowing that you esteem good men, will assume all the 
 grimaces and similarities of piety, and strive to give yon the impression that you 
 ought to abandon me ; but he will not tell you that it is to fortify himself by my 
 disaster and afterwards make you difficulty, as he has already shown by the injustice 
 and perfidy committed in the atf'air at Penobscot. He supposes, so very vain is he, 
 that your opinion will be swayed by his, and, provided that he shows you some 
 decrees, that you will give me up. . . . For that which concerns his decrees, 
 I could not better enable you to perceive the injustice of them than to place in 
 
HISTOUY OK ANNAI'(HJS. 2lt 
 
 your Imiiiln tliat wliich rmitiiiiiM the ciiiiiPH that tliey iinixitc to iiii-. Von will hcv 
 tlii'iii in tliiM, an if I pit-vcntiMl liy iiiy Imil ili'|K>rtiii<'iit the itni^ifMs of tin- m'lvici? of 
 (i<Hl anil of tli«! kiiif{, iiml of the ailvancciiirnt of tin- colony. Anil wlit'ii it is itskcil 
 of thc'iii, wiu'tlu'i' they uit not iiis evil ducils, thuy nay, inHtraii of alh'^in^ th<* courflc 
 of my vifioiis lift', that I havi> done notiiin^ in tiie roinitry. lint mark tiii' falHo 
 tL'Ntinioiiy, whicii c'onwiwtH in its not lieing iilili" to |irove that I inipoilc liy my viiiouM 
 roiiilnrt thf progreHs of tho ncrvire of (ioil among tin- wuvagrM : ami inMteail of 
 proving it, he goes to allege that I havo ilonu nothing in the I'inintry, uiiich i» an 
 irrt'Ic'vant point ami still falMc, for I have huilt two foi'ts, ami he hiniNcIf has burnt 
 out' of ntinc, ami he has n< t liiiilt another for it, nor clrareil up only seven or eigl'.t 
 acres of lanil. He has also liinnt the Monastery Chnreli lontrary to the tenor of 
 the (leiTee wliiuh orilered him to put in thime plaees men who were able to answer 
 for them, and by eonseipienee to p-eservo them. And this VTuteh, to justify his 
 atheism, alleges that the Indian females have been lorrupleil in the chmeh, whieh is 
 as false as it is true tliat he liurnt the wigwam of a savage at (Jape Sables to earry 
 i)tr his wife from liim ; and that the C'onunander do Ka/illi, hit) late niaHtor, held 
 him a long time in prison foi' this eause : and that this last wintei' Father Vincent 
 lie I'aris, a (.'apiiciiin, did all in his power to lie heard against him in Council to 
 prove his atheistical hypocrisy, Hhowing that foi' .six inonlns he iiid ciiminal con- 
 nection in Port Royal with a wonuin U'ing a i-omnuinieaiit. Hut, gentlemen, to 
 j)rove his perfidy, consider only th capture of Penobsi^ot, and the payment of 
 Thomas Ouillet (Willettl, and you will .see, at the same time, his destitution of faith 
 and his rage against the Knglish nation. Whatever relates to myself, do not 
 account ine so unprincipled a man nor such an enemy ait he until I have as mnch 
 deceived and ofl'ended you as he has ; but especially consider my inclinations by my 
 obligations." 
 
 Some time after the receipt of the foregoing letter from Latour, 
 Endicott and his Council sent a reply to D'Aulnay's former communica- 
 tion, from which we cull the following extracts, which show the feelings 
 wliich animated the English at IJoston in this affair : 
 
 "Sir, — U|)on the request lately presented to U8 by the ISieiir de la Tour, to yield 
 him a.ssistance of men and amnnmition against your forces, which he was in fear of, 
 we ha\e liail oitcasion to consider how matters have jjassed between you and us, and 
 among other things many injuries which sundry of our i)eoj)le have, at several times, 
 sufl'ered from you and yours since your coming into these |)art8, and partieulaily 
 certain conuuissions lately given forth to Captain Le Bu-uf to take our vessels anil 
 goods, whicli might have given us occasion to have yielded unto the reipiest of the 
 said sieur, and to have sought for satisfaction in another way. . . . Hut to the 
 end that you and all the world may know the delight which we take to live in 
 peace with all and to avoid all occa.si(ms of difference and contention, we have taken 
 this present opportunity to write unto you, that we may truly tinderstand one 
 another, . . . and for time to come that rules of love and peace may be care- 
 tidly attended to. As for that which was done the last year by otir people in the 
 design wherein they weie employed by the said Sieur de la Tour, that it may not 
 be misconstrued, we do hereby in words of truth assure yon that they did not act 
 either by command, counsel or permission of the Govermnent here established. 
 They went volimteers without any commission from it, and as we are in part igno- 
 rant of what they did so it was done without our advice ; and for any unlawful 
 action which any amongst them might possibly commit we do not approve of and 
 
24 IIISTOllY (»K ANXAI'OI.IS. 
 
 x\\u\\ )io fiicili' iiMil rt'iiily to our |)iiuit no to ili'mcuii oiiixclvcs, as iliii- saliNfactioii 
 nIiiiU Im- I'fiiclfii'il unto Mill ; for na ut' iirc not williii); to lirur iiijiirirs wliilMt hi- 
 liikVf in our IiuihIh to ri^lit oiirxolviiN, mo wi> ciinxciuntiouMlN ili-xiri- not to oll'i'r aii\ 
 oiirxi'Ivi>H, uor to ii|i|iiovi' of it in iiny of oiii'h, 
 
 '■ Kor tlio |>ri'M«iit, tlif iinrticiiliiiM wlicrcin Wf c'oiioei\<- oiii.<i'lves, frifiiil.s ami 
 (•onfeili'iiitt'H, to lif liy you iiijiiifil, ami for tlio wliicli we nevi-r yet ri'ci'ivf<l HatJM- 
 flirt loll, lire : Kiist, your faUiiiK tlic >{ooi1h of Sir Kii'linnl SalHtoiistal, kiiiKlit, ami 
 thf inipi'ii.onin^ liis nu'ii, who HutVi-iril siiipwirck upon tin- InliMif Saliii'.i, vi)i\d years 
 pant. Scconil, your tiikiri>; of I'ciioliHi'ot from tlumc of oui' nation ami l^'a^iu' of 
 I'lyniouth. Tliird, your ii-fiwal to trallic witli us at Port Uoyiil, ami tlirt'atuiiinK to 
 takt' our vohhi'Ih, whioli nIiouM go lieyonil I'eniptagoitt, and aofordingly your staying 
 of one of our vessels, tiioiij^ii .ifterwanls you released her-. l^aHtly, ymir ifranling of 
 ■ 'oiuiiiissions to take our vessels and goods this last autumn, as \h aliove nieiitioned. 
 
 " To the aliove said partieulars we desire and expect your clear and H|M'edy 
 answer, that so we may umleiHtauil how you are at present disposed, whether to 
 war or |M-aoe, and aceordingly steer our course as ( iixl shall ilircct, and us for the 
 present we have not granted tlu^ said rei|uest of the said Sieiir ile la Toul', liut on 
 the contrary, upon this occuHion we have cxpresHly prohiliited all oui' people to 
 exercise any aet of hostility, eithiM' liy land or liy »en, against you, udIush it lie in 
 their own defence, until such tinu' as they siiall have further commission. A copy 
 of the present we have sent unto you here enclosed. Also, upon the reception of 
 these presents we desire and ex|>ect that all sueh conunisHions shall lie without delay 
 called in which have In-en given forth liy you or any <if yours against us and our 
 people : and ftirasiniicii as our merchants are entered into a way and form of coin- 
 merce with said De la Tour, which firstly they tendered to yourself, liiit, according 
 as wo have lieen informed, you refused; nevertheltiss, we see not just reason to 
 hinder them in their just and lawful callingH, nor to hinder their own defence, in 
 i'lise they shall lie assaulted either liy you or yours, during their trade with the said 
 .sieur. We leave them to Divine I'rovidenci^ and to the dictates of their own 
 (Minscienee to regulate them according to right reason in such a case." 
 
 Tliis deteriniiiatiun of the autlioritie.s of Miissdehusotts Hay was vt>ry 
 annoying to D'Aulnay, as it assured him that liis diplomacy was a com- 
 plete failure and tliat liis rival had l)een more than a matcli in that 
 delicate science. In liis next connnunicatioii he therefore throws oft" its 
 mask, and tells the colonists what he thinks of them in very plain 
 laiifj;uage. Under date of Port Royal, August 31st, 1645, he says : 
 
 " Upon this occasion I will candidly tell that Monsieur Marie had as.sure(i me 
 that none of yours should undertake the uft'airs of Sieur ile la Tour until you had 
 returned me an answer liy the last resolution, to know whether yo\i woidd he at 
 peace or war with me ; and in the meantime, I understood liy Mr. Allen, the last 
 iiutiunn, that you were to convoy the wife of the said De la Tour, with three ships, 
 into the river of St. .lohn. I know not how you will name such kind of dealing. 
 As for me, I should rather )>eriHh than to promise that which I would not perform. 
 To say, as Mr. Hawthorne, that they were merchants of London whom you cannot 
 hinder from trading with whom they please, this were good, if we did not well know- 
 that Latour, bein^ worth nothing and altogether unknown to your .said merchants, 
 they wouhl never trust such persons if you or other gentlemen were not his security ; 
 moreover, that jMjrsons who desire peace with their neighbours, as you say you do, 
 would have hindered such pnK'eedings if they had pleased, it being easily done in 
 
iiisroHY o^• wNAi'oi.is. 2.) 
 
 iiii'li iilui'pH iiM \Nf iiio ill. Kill' t III- NiM'itnil, tliut yiiii iiii' not ui'ruHtitiiu'il to incft 
 iinlil till* iiiiiMtli iif S(>|iti'iiilit!i' ; tlwit ilotli not coiii'uni inii. I hIiiiII ciiiiHtiiiitlv wait 
 until (Ik' siiiil tinif ai'iiiiilin;; to voiir ili-r«ii'i', iiltlioii^'li Mr. Miuir diil lit'limt* tliiit 
 vou uoulil liiivu answi'icil iiic in tlir spring', uh lie rliil m|i|iii'Iii^iicI voii, Oiicf inoif, 
 I fnK'igc vou iiiy woi'il lliiit 1 will not ^<tii nor ;{i\u tinHwrr to my king in Ki.tnuc 
 until I liiivi! yoni'N, or tint vou iimki' il appfar lliat voii ilrspiMi' tlic aiiiitv of 
 KruiUT. Ki' '.III- third,* that you iliil Im lirvc that you luul ^'ivcn NatiHfaction t<> the 
 iltiiiiand uh'<h Mioiu iioult! unto yon on my lii'lialf liy thcanxu im givtiii in writing 
 liy yiiiiiwlvfc, wliiili aro tlii' very name with tlioMi- which newly you sent me. If 
 vou call that satisfai'tioii unto a governor for a kin;;, after sciiiiiii^ with strength of 
 urm« even unto his port without declaralion of war, or givin^ any other reiiHon than 
 liv livelv force to kill his ineii, liiirn one mill, Hlay cattle, and to carry away a 
 lNiri|UL' laden with peltry ami other goodM ; to say that your Kn){lis|i, who have 
 donu such acts of hostility, were not sent l>y you |)ardoii nic, sir, if you please, if I 
 tell vou til's is the mocking of a ^{eiitleiiian to lender such answers. ... If 
 vou love (letter not to nay than so to act in like eu.se, it is to make use of tricks of 
 slei}{lit ; for il is evident that if you would meddle with that that doth not concern 
 vou, at least in justice you were liound to give as much credit to the iimicalile, 
 voluntary and true answers which 1 returned unto you as unto the falsehoods of the 
 saiil Sieiir de la Tour and his folks. But I will tell yon, that is not the windiiigii]) 
 of the business. The truth is, you thought hy Hur]>l'iMiiig me to have swiiUowetl ine 
 lip without justice or any reason on your part, hut pretended anil coloured over. 
 Helieve it, sir, that if you had eome to the end of your designs, you have to do 
 with a king who would not let you ho easily digest the morsel as you might he 
 given to undcrstiind. The example of (^ul«'ck and of the same Port Royal where I 
 am, taken liy the Knglish from the French in the time of lawful war, and afterw-iril 
 surrendered to the same French, joining thereunto what is passed hetween the 
 French and F.iiglish in St. Christo|)her"s Island, is sutticienl to assure you of this 
 truth, if you will. It is true that I shall die, hut the kings of France die not, and 
 their hands arc always long enough to maintain their sulijects in their right, in 
 which part soever they he. . . . Furthermore, sir, I know not whethir this 
 honest [follow) who delivered me ycmrs did well unilerstand the upprehunsions of 
 your assemlily whereunto he hath told mo he did assist ; lint his reasons aie very 
 weak — to make helieve that Sieur de la Tour had any a)>pearani'C of justice liy 
 saying that one might have such arrests 1' for twenty crowns in France. So to speak 
 is to testify slender iiiulerstanding of ati'airs. ... I should have lieen very glad 
 that those to whom you had sent them had caused them to he presented to Monsieur 
 .Sahriin, emliassador-extraordinary for our king in Kngland. ^'l)U should have liecn 
 fully satislicd, and then you would have known that I am a man of truth atid 
 without fraud in my proct^edings. " 
 
 These extracts will enable the i-eiuler to uiulerst.iiid, in some degree, 
 the motives wliich Jinimated the several patties in this contest, wliich fof 
 several years embroiled all Acadie in a sort of civil war, alike destruc- 
 tive to her interests and her progress. D'Aulnay having thus far succeeded 
 in his diplomaej' at Boston, Latour had henceforth to contend at fearful 
 
 * His replies here seem to refer to statements made to him by or through Haw- 
 thorne, the bearer of Kndicott's letter. 
 
 tTho refereiii.'c hero is to the documents under which he claimed the right to 
 send Latour to France as a prisoner to answer to the charge of treason. 
 
26 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 odds and alone aj^ainst his relentless enemy. He hiui l)een made 
 Lieuteiiant-Ueneral of Acadie in 1631, and was recalled after ten years' 
 service in that capacity, in 1641, to answer certain charges or complaints 
 that had been made against him by the inhabitants of Port Royal, 
 through Matthew Capon, a civil othcer in the French service at that 
 place. He refused to obey the order, and in 1642 D'Aulnay is styled, 
 "Lieutenant for the King in all Acadie." In the latter year he became 
 possessed of the rights of the brothers Razilli, and having a powerful 
 friend at the French Court in the person of his father, he seems to 
 have exercised almost supreme authority in all Acadian matters, saving 
 those only which were connected with Fort Latour, at the mouth of the 
 River St. .John, where Charles Latour and his wife resided. Latour 
 was not, however, entirely without friends of considerable influence in 
 France, for we have seen that during the attack on his fort, a ship with 
 emigrants and stores for his use arrived there from that country. 
 
 D'Aulnay now resolved to resume operations against his foe. In 
 1645, during the absence of Latour from his fort, which was left in 
 charge of his wife with fifty men only for its defence, he .seized the 
 oppoi'tunity to make another attempt to capture it. Arriving at St. 
 .Tohn he anchored his ship near the fort and commenced to cannonade it. 
 It was defended with great valour by Madame Latour and her little 
 garrison, who compelled their assailant to desist from his efforts, after 
 having killed twenty and wounded thirteen of his men and disabled his 
 ship. The defeated D'Aulnay, chagrined and disappointed at the result 
 of his attack, determined to visit France and provide himself with addi- 
 tional means to carry on the strife. He left Port Royal early in the 
 summer and returned again in the autumn, and exerted the remainder 
 of this year and the whole of 1646 in making preparations for a signal 
 and final blow against his valiant and able adversary; and in April, 
 1647, with a very consideral)le armament of ships, guns and men, he 
 renewed his attack. Fort Latour, as on a former occasion, owing to the 
 temporary absence of her husband, was defended by Madame Latour. 
 Murdoch (Vol. L, pp. 110, 111) says : 
 
 " Tlio\igh siirprised and having but a small nunil)cr of soldiers, she resolved to 
 defend herself and the fort to the last extremity ; which she did with so mueli 
 conrage during three days, that she compelled the liesiegers to draw off their 
 forces ; hut on the fourth day, which was Toaster Sunday, slie was betrayed by a 
 Swiss soldier of the garrison who stood sentry, and whom D'Aulnay had found 
 means to (;orrupt. She did not give up ; but when she learned that the enemy was 
 scaling tlie wall, she came forward to defend it at tlie head of her little garrison. 
 D'Aulnay imagining that the number of men within the fort was greater than he 
 at fiist supposed, and fearing tlie disgrace of a repulse, proposed to the lady that 
 she should <'apitulate, and she agreed on it to save the lives of the handful of brave 
 men '.viio had 8uj)ported her so courageously." 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 27 
 
 D'Aulnay, however, aa soon as lie entered the fort was ashamed of 
 havinf^ made terms with a woman who had nothing but her own 
 courage and so few men to oppose liim, and in a very cowardly manner 
 ignored the terms of the caj)it.ulation and put the whole of the brave 
 garrison to death except one man, to whom he gave his life on condition 
 that he would act as executioner of his brethren in arms, and with a 
 shameless disregard of all decency and feelings of humanity compelled 
 the noble and brave Madame Latour to be present at the liorriljle 
 butchery with a halter around her neck. The value of the plundei" taken 
 in the fort is said to have exceeded ten thousand pounds. The loss 
 to Latour was irreparable ; but he suffered a still greater misfortune a 
 few days afterwards in the death of his heroic wife who had so coura- 
 geously defended his interests and sharefl with him the hardships and 
 vicissitudes of his colonial life. Once moi-e I (|Uote from Murdoch, who 
 says of her : 
 
 "The mental and phy-sical energies displayed I)y tliis li dy on repeated oecasionH, 
 wliile they so often curried her beyond the usual boundaries which nature and custom 
 seem to have pre8cril>ed for the fair sex, do not seem in her character to indicate 
 anytliing unfcminine. She was not like tlie falded .Ama/oiis, fascinated by tiie 
 savage joys of combat, or like .Toais of Arc, or the Maitl of Saiagossa, infatuated 
 by fanaticism or vengeance. Tlie love of her hiisl>and and a desire to jjrotect him 
 and her family, and even the humbler soldiers and settlers who followed their 
 fortunes, inspired her with resolution and lieroic fortitude ; and tiic same feeling.s 
 must have rendered the destruction of her home and downfall of her hopes doubly 
 bitter." 
 
 The subjoined paragraphs are culled from the Commission of the King 
 of France to D'Aulnay, dated in February, 1647, and conseijuently after 
 his capture of Fort Latour and the death of Fraiirni Marif JnrqNe/ins,* 
 the brave and noble Madame Liitour. They definitelj' state some of the 
 charges which had been made against Latour, and which had excited the 
 king to authorize his arrest and deprive him of the pt)wers foiinerly 
 conferred upon him. 
 
 "Being well informed and ussured of the hiudable and connnendal>le utfection, 
 trouble and diligence ihat our dear and well-beloved t-iiarles de Menou, Knight, 
 Lord D'.Aulnay Charnizay, appointed by tlie late king of blessed memory, our 
 most honoured Lord and father (whom (Jod absolve) (iovernonr and our Lieutcnant- 
 (leneral in the counti-y and coasts of L'Acadie in New i'rance, hath used both 
 to the conversion of the savages in the said counti'y to the Christian religion imd 
 faith ; and the establislnnent of our authority in all tiic extent of the said coinitty, 
 having built a seminary under the direction of a good number of Capuchin Friai's, 
 for the instruction of the said savages' ciiildrcn, and by his care and courage driven 
 the foreign Protestants out of the I'entagoitt Fort, which they liad sci/.ed to the 
 
 After many researches in the hope of finding this admirable woman's name 
 e marriage, 1 have at length been rewarded by seeing it stated in these 
 
 Itefore mar 
 documents, 
 
28 HISTOUV UK AXXAl'OLIS. 
 
 prejudiue of tlie li^^lits and autlmiity of ouf (,'iowii, and \t\ our express <;oiniiian(l- 
 ineut taken ayain l)y force of arms and put agani under our power tlie fort of the 
 River St. John, whieli Cl;arle8 of St. Etienne, Lo'd dc la Tour, was possessed of, 
 Jind liy open rebellion endeavoureil to keep against our will, and to the j^reat 
 contempt of tlie dechu ations of our Council hy tiic Iielp and countenance of foreign 
 Protestants, with whom lie iiad made a confederacy for that purpose ; and that, 
 moreover, the said Loi'd D'.Aulnay (,'harni/.ay hath happ'ly hegun to form and 
 .settle a Frencii colony in tlic said country, ileared aiul improved great parcels of 
 land, and for the defence ami conservation of tiie said country under our authority 
 and power, built and strenvously kept against tlie mleavour and assaults of the 
 -said foreign Protestants, four forts in the inos',. necessary places, and furni.sheil them 
 with a sutticient nunil)er of soldiers, sixty great guns and other things reciuisite." 
 
 The boundaries of Acadia are stated in this commission to be " from 
 the brink of the j^reat River St. Lawrence, both along the sea-coasts and 
 adjacent i.slands and inner part of the mainland, and in that extent, as 
 mucli and as far as can be as far as the Virginias," by wliich is meant 
 to the northern bounds of the Englisli colonies in Maine. The powers 
 granted to D'Aulnay in this document were very extensive. He could 
 make peace or war with the natives at will, and confer upon the Acadian 
 settlers, or other French subjects, " lands, honours, privileges, places and 
 dignities." He was to possess the sole right to trade or traftic with the 
 savages, and all merchants, masters and captains of ships and others 
 were forbidden "to trade in the said furs with the said Indians without 
 his special permission on pain of entire confiscation of their vessels, 
 victuals, arms, munitions and goods, and thirty thousand livres fine." 
 
 Latour being now unable to resist his rival, went first to Boston and 
 afterwards to Newfoundland, where Sir David Kirk was Governor, who 
 received him with much kindness and courtesy, but declined to grant 
 liim any assistance in his present misfortunes. He therefore went soon 
 after to Boston, where he obtained and fitted out a vessel for a trading 
 voyage on the south .shores of the Province, and in the following 3'ear 
 (1648), not having been successful in his trading schemes, or having 
 formed other plans for the advancement of his interests, he went to 
 Quebec, where he seems to have lived until 1G50 or 1651. .Some writers 
 afiirm that he visited Hudson's Bay during this interval, and it is more 
 than probable that he did so. 
 
 Port Royal, in the meantime, remained in the possession of his active 
 and un.scrupulous enemy, and no event of importance took place there 
 until the death of D'Aulnay, by being accidentally drowned in the 
 Annapolis River. This event is said to have occi^rred at a point just 
 below the "upper narrows" by the upsetting of a boat. It Has been said 
 and believed that the Occident was the result of design. It will be readily 
 credited that D'Aulnay was of a cruel and harsh disposition, anvl the 
 story told is that he had employed an Indian, whom he had some months 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 29 
 
 before brutally ill-treated and abused, to carry him up the river in a 
 canoe ; that the Indian hful not forgotten tlie incident though his 
 employer hiwl ; that the redskin liad determined on revenue ; that he 
 [)urp(jselv capsized the canoe below the narrows and swam ashore, leaving 
 his master, who could not swim, to drown. 
 
 The decease of D Aulnay was destined to effect a great and beneficial 
 change in the affairs of Latour, as the sequel will show. Early in 1651, 
 namely, on the 2oth of February, the King of France, Louis XIV., having 
 become convinced of the untruthfulness of many of the charges made 
 against him, by letters patent appointed him to be his lieutenant-general 
 in Aeadie, and in September in the same year Madame D'Aulnay restored 
 to him his old fortress a\ Carleton. In tlie beginning of the next year 
 all rivalries and disputes were forever settled by her giving him her hand 
 in marriage. The patent by which he again became chief ruler in this 
 country recites the fact th;>l he had lieen for "forty-two years there (in 
 Aeadie) devoted and usefully employing all his cares in establishing the 
 authority " of the kings of France : a fact which is particularly noticed 
 here, because it fixes the date of his arrival in America in 1609, and, as 
 we are elsewhere incidentally told that he was fourteen years old, we 
 ascertain his age to have been fifty-eight (»n his second marriage, the 
 contract for which was signed and dulj' witnessed at Port Royal, on the 
 ■24th of Februarj', 1653. Soon after this marriage he removed with his 
 bride to his old, favourite fort at the mouth of the St. ■lohn River. 
 
 In 16.")4, Emanuel le Borgne, a merctiant of Rochelle, who was a 
 creditor of D'Aulnay to a very large amount, having first armed himself 
 with legal authority, came to Aeadie to seize the estate of his late debtor. 
 On his arrival at Canseau he immediately connnenced to wrest the country 
 from the possession of Deng's and Latour. He succeeded in making a 
 prisoner of the former, whom he carried to Port Royal and confined in 
 a dungeon " with his feet in irons."' Here he intended t<i live while 
 he matured his plans for the seizure of Latour and the caj)ture of his 
 fort, but he was not destined to succeed in these efforts, for Colonel 
 Sedgwick appeared before Port Royal in August, after having first made 
 himself master of the stronghold of Latour, and demanded its surrender. 
 To this demand Le IJorgne at once gave a stout denial, and the English 
 having landed three hundred men in ni(h'r to make an attack, he sent 
 out a detachment from the garrison under the command of a subaltern 
 officer to ()p[>use them, when an engagement took place, in which the 
 orticer was killed and his men tied in haste and disorder to the fort, 
 whereupon Le Borgne determined to give up the town and fort. The 
 terms nf this capitulation are given below. The surrender took place on 
 the 16th of August, and conditiuns were negotiated by La Verdure, the 
 military commandant of the place, and also the tutor and guardian of 
 
30 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 the children of D'Auhiay, who were minors and who since their father's 
 <icath had resided at Port Hoyvl- 
 
 Aktici.ks ok Cvi'iTi'LATioN. ( Ahridgetl. ) 
 
 I. Tliiit Lii Venhiie, witli the soldier.s ami doiiiestics, should leave the fort with 
 their arms, druina lieating, Hags displayed, fusil on slioulder, ball in mouth, etc., to 
 take tlieir haggage, and to have passage provided to France. 
 
 •2. Tlu! property of IVAulnay's minor children to he loft in charge of La 
 \'erdui-e foi' their use.* 
 
 H. Liberty to tiie inhabitants to remain or not as they pleased. Liberty of 
 conscience to the clergy and to retain tlieir houses if tliey remain. 
 
 4. Le lJorgiu'"8 vessel and goods to be left to the genero.sity of the Knglish 
 < leneral. 
 
 It was concluded on board the Admiral's siiip, the Augiistin, anchored in the 
 I'iver and l)efore the fort of Port Royal, " and for tlie greater security of the contents 
 of the above articles the said Sieur de hi Verdure has left for hostage Jacques 
 Bourgeois, liis l)rotiicr-in-liiw and lie\itcnant of the place, bearer of his procuration 
 for the ju-esent treaty, ami the Sieur Emanuel le Horgne, the .son, until the com- 
 pletion of the present agreement, whicli was begun at the first sitting held yesterday 
 an<l concluded to-day, August lOtli, 1()54. 
 
 (Signed), Botrckois. 
 
 RoHERT Seihiwuk. 
 Robert Salem. 
 Mark Harrison. 
 Richard Mors. 
 
 Since the present treaty the same has been read over to the Rev. Father Leonard 
 de Cliartres, vice-jjrefect and custos of the mission for the interests of the mission ; 
 -Mre. (Juillaiuiic Tioun, sindic of the inliai)itantH and for their interests, and the 
 Sieur le Borgne for Ids own intere.sts, all of whom have agreed to and approved the 
 .said treaty done and passed the year above. 
 
 (Signed), Emam'EI. le Borone. 
 
 GriLi.AUME Troun. 
 
 fr. LkONARD DE ClIARTRES. 
 
 Cromwell, under whose orders Sedgwick had undertaken and effected 
 the concjuest of Acadie, granted it to Liitour, Sir Thomas Temple and 
 Crowne in 1G56. The limits of this grant extended from Merliguesche, 
 Lunenburg, to New England, and Temple was duly commissioned as 
 Governor, the commission l)eing confirmed unto him again by Charles IT. 
 after the Restoration. France continued to exhibit her claims to the 
 Province by the appointment of Le Borgne, lieutenant-general in Acadie 
 in 1658, who, on his arrival at Lahave to exercise his functions as such, 
 was made prisoner Ijy the English, who then occupied that place as well 
 as the whole coast from Canseau to the Penobscot. 
 
 The trade in furs seems to have been the object chiefly contended for 
 
 * This property was probably of a personal kind only, which had ))een removed 
 from the fort at St. John, on the occasion of the restoration of the fort there to 
 Latour by their mothei- a year before. 
 
HISTORY OP' ANNAPOLIS. 31 
 
 by all those who were now oi- liad formerly been connected with this 
 country. La Verdure states, in a letter addressed to a daughter of 
 D'Aulnay, in 1660, that the value of that article shipped from Acadie 
 on account of Emaimel le liorgne was not less than 387,000 livres. In 
 1667 the Treaty of Breda once more transferred the whole of the country 
 to France, and from this period the name of Charles Amador de St. 
 Etienne, Sieur de la Tour, vanishes from our history, he having died 
 about this time at the age of seventy-two years. He came to Acadie 
 with his father Claude in 1609, as we have seen, and it is more than 
 probable that the memorial we have before referred to as consisting of 
 a slab of stone with the Masonic arms and the date 1609 engraved upon 
 it, was intended to commemorate their iirst visit to Port Royal. He was 
 then fourteen years old, which makes his birth to have occurred in ir»95, 
 <»r ten years after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which i= 
 certainly the true date, if the statement made in his patent of 1651 ]>e 
 correct, namely, that he hiui then been forty-two years in the country. 
 
 It is said that he sold all his rights and interests to Temple shortly 
 after the issue of Cromwell's patent, which was very likely to have 
 been the case, as he was then well adv need in age and needed rest 
 and (juiet after a life of so great and varied activity and vicissitude. 
 His children and grandchildren we shall henceforth occasionally see as 
 sub-actors in the drama of Acadian events down to the date of the fin.il 
 conquest in 1710. 
 
 Le Borgne (Sieur de Bellisle, son of Emanuel [?] ) was left in command 
 at Port Royal by Du Bourg, who had beei* sent from France by Louis 
 .KIV. to receive formal possession of Acadie, under the late treaty, from 
 Sir Thomsi., Temple, The act of surrender was not complet- J, however, 
 until the 2nd of September, 1670 — three years after the signing of the 
 tieaty. Le Borgne, having been meanwhile duly commissioned by the 
 Kin^ of France as his lieutenant, assumed the direction of affairs frrm 
 tins time. The Chevalier de Grandfontaine sucjeeded him as governor, 
 however, after a short time, as i appears that Le Borgne had the ill- 
 t'ortunt! to have forfeited the good opinion of those over whom his 
 iininediate rule extended. Many complaints [had been urged against 
 liini. Among other things, he was accused of having killed an Indian ; 
 of having hung a negro without trial, and of having banished three of 
 the inhabitants. Grandfontaine forbade the people to acknowledge the 
 person called Le Borgne on account of these charges. In 1671 he caused 
 a census of the country to be taken for the information of the French 
 king, fioui which it appears that Port Royal had a population of ."561 
 souls, who were possessed of 580 horned cattle, 406 sheep and 364 acres 
 of land under cultivation, or about an acre for each inhabitant. Tlie 
 trade or calling of each male individual is given in this census, and from 
 
32 UlSTOUV OF AXNAl'OLIS. 
 
 it we learn there were " a surgeon, a weaver, four coopers, two armourers, 
 a farrier, a nia.soii, and a maker of edge tfKtls.'' Tliere were oidy sixty-six 
 families in tlie settlements. The surnames of these were : Aucoin, liabin, 
 Belon, Jielliri'tin,* Haiols, Blanehard, Bourt', lioiulrot, Bertrand, Bour- 
 geois, Brot, Bi'un, Vomeaii,)-, Cormit', Corperoti, D'Aigre, Doncfit, Dupeux, 
 De Foret, Gaiidet, (iauterot,t Grange, (Juiilehaut, Gougeon, Ht'-hert, 
 Knessy, Labathe, Ljindry, Lebland, Lanoue, Martin, MelanKon, Morin, 
 Pelerin, Petipas, Poirie, Pitre, Hiciiard, Himi)ault, liolnvkan, Win'-, 
 Scavoye, Terriau, Thibidean, Trahan, Vincent. Among these, Jean 
 Gaudet was the eldest, being ninety-six years of age, and the largest 
 family was that of Francis (iauterot, which numbered thirteen. Martin 
 was thirty-five years old. a weaver by trmle and the owner of four horned 
 cattle and three sheep. The de.scendants of this man are said to reside 
 in Rimouski, in the Province of Quebec. % 
 
 Murdoch (Vol. I., page 152), speakhig of a work then recently pub- 
 lishe<l by M. Bameau, says : 
 
 " Ruiufuii provus that tlii.s siiiall |i()piiIiition was of an old <lalf in tlif country l>y 
 tlie inteiniarriages which ha<l taken ])hioe among thcni lii'foiv 1671, sjifcifying that 
 Michael Boiulroit and Francis Girouai'd had eacli niariied a dmigiiter of the Aucoins 
 twenty-five or thirty years previously." 
 
 And he justly adds : 
 
 " There appears no mention in tliis census of Le Borgne or any of his faniilj', or 
 of any of the Latours, or of any governor, nobleman or priest, except tiie cordelier 
 friar, as resi<lent at Port Royal at this time." 
 
 M. de Chambly succeeded Grandfontaine in 1673, and he was replaced 
 as chief in command in 1678 by ^Lonsieur de la Valliere. To this date 
 seventy-four years iuul elapsed since the Sieur de Monts first came to 
 Prot Royal, and the reader may feel disposed to express surprise at the 
 slow growth of the settlements on the Annapolis River. Only sixty-six 
 families were permanently located there, and only 364 acres of land had 
 been cleared and placed under cultivation I When we consider, however, 
 that this place, i)eing the capital, had been made the shuttlecock of con- 
 tending nations ; that it had been the prey of savage factions ; that the 
 inhabitants had been robbed by its friends as well as rifled by its enemies, 
 and that there was but scant security for the enjoyment of life or pro- 
 perty, our surprise will be rather at the fact that any settlement survived 
 to have a history to relate. 
 
 * The italics indicate tlie families whose dcscenilants still survive. 
 
 |- Tiiere are a, very few now in Claie of tliis name, now spelt (iautreaux. IJreau 
 (Brot) is said to he tlie real name of a family now called Conieau, ilistinguisheil as 
 the Hreati Comeaiis. There ai'e very many Le Blancs (Le Blands) and i(uitea nuinl)er 
 of Trahan.s. — [Ku. | 
 
 *. There are many Martins at Salmon River, Clare. | Kn. J 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 33 
 
 We are enabled at. this peiiml (167!() to prove that some of the 
 i?ihal)itai»ts had erected flwellings and cultivated the lands at Bellisle, 
 in (iraiiville. The French had heretofore called tliis marsh " the great 
 meadow." It was a part of the seigniory of Port Itojal helimging to 
 D'Auhmy, and liad been hsized by Le Borgne, his creditor, whose son 
 Alexander assumed the title of 8ieur de Bellisle, and from this title it 
 takes the name by which it is commonly known to this day. Peter 
 (Pierre) and Matthew (Matthieu) Martin owned a piece of land which 
 was conveyed to them })y the Sieur de Bellisle in that year. The 
 description of this property is as follows : 
 
 '• To wit, — It is a jiiuou of liinil imd niciidow, Ity Ihcni in jtnri iiiiprontl, ami on 
 ii'hivh Ihiij risii/i', liouiuling on tiie grt'iit iiii'udow, on the west side l)y the hrook 
 Doniiinuiiin, on the .south sitle by tlie River Duupliin (Aiuiiii)olis), and on the noi .li 
 side by the nioimtain, for the said Matthew, fatiier and son, t .'ir heirs and assigns, 
 lo enjoy iind di,spose of the said If 'id as l>elonging to their own |)roj)erty." 
 
 This conveyance concludes thus : 
 
 " Done at Fort Royal at tlie domicile of the said lord, llie nintii day of August, 
 one tliou.sand six hundiud and seventy-nine. 
 
 " Present. Jaccjues Lato\n' and Pi.Tre MclMison. 
 
 "(Signed), Bki.lisi.e. 
 
 Mattuiei' Martin. 
 
 •lACyrKS OK 1,A Toi'K. 
 
 PlEKKK MeLANSON. 
 
 et CoiRANI). 
 " CoruANi), prociiratnir fi'sraf c/ iio/ahr." 
 
 The brook " Domanchin " is undoubtedly the stieam now known as 
 the " Parker r3rook," and the block (jf land then sold to the Martins V)y 
 the Sieur de Bellisle is evidently that comprising the real estate of the 
 late John Wade, Esq., and Messieurs Abraham Young, Levose Bent, 
 Jesse Dodge and William H. Youn". Many of tlie meadows or marshes 
 bore the names of the original French proprietors or cultivators, as the 
 Dugas, below Annapolis ; the Bellisle, in Granville, and the Beaupre and 
 Rosette, above Annapolis, and .some others. 
 
 In 1680 there was quite a little village on "Tlie Cape," the inhalntants 
 liaving extended their holdings north-east wardly from the fort along St. 
 Anthony Street toward the " land's end," and particularly near to where 
 the railway station now stands. To the southward, on the rising ground 
 over which the present highway runs toward the village of Lequille, other 
 of the halntmix had begun to form a hamlet which was called the " upper 
 town,' but the major part of the village was built h round and in the 
 iunnediate neighbourhood of the fort. Settlements had also been estab- 
 lished at various points in (Jranvilie, as at Bellisle and Goat Island, and 
 lirubably, too, at Rosette, on the south side of the river. 
 
.34 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLrs. 
 
 In this year (IfiSJ) Port Ro3'al had ajijain to succumb to liriti.sh arms. 
 \Vt' have no particulars of tliis transaction, as no fij^htin;^ attcn'lcd it. 
 Monsicmr (if la Va iicrc, wlio was tliei'f at tlif time, hut witliout full 
 poweis to act in sue It an emcrf^ency, could not })r('sent the inhabitants 
 from yieldinj^ submission to the Krst demand for surrender ; but it is 
 (•ertnin that the continuance of the Enji;Hsh occupation did not last lonj?, 
 for La V^alli»''re is stjled by Frontenac, in \GS'2, as "commandant of Port 
 lloyal." It is moi-e than probable that no force was lod>];ed in the place 
 to secure the benefits of the peaceful capitulation, and that the French, 
 in consequence, resumed their possession as soon as their con(|uerors had 
 taken their (lepartuic. 
 
 Tn 1683 the whole of Acadie contained only six hundred souls. In 
 1G84 La Vallit're was (iovernor of the country by ro^'al command,, at a 
 salary of 1,800 livics per annum. Tn 1680 the King of France had 
 granted certain fishing and trading privileges to one Hergier and associates 
 on the coasts, and La V^allit're having licensed an English fisherman fioni 
 .Salem, in Massachusetts, to fish on the same coasts, he (the Englishman) 
 is said to have ung<'nerously instigated several of his countrymen to 
 capture the little fishing Heet of Port Royal, which consisted of six 
 vessels, and which the owners had been encouraged to fit out by Bergier. 
 This outrage was made the subject of formal complaint to the authorities 
 at Boston, but whether redress was obtained or not does not appear. 
 
 Bergier had no good opinion of La Valliere, whom he represented to 
 his (Tovernnient as a " poor man who had a settlement of eight or ten 
 jiersons, and who gave up the country to the English for wherewithal 
 to subsist on," affirming also that "betook five piastres per yacht from 
 thr English for license to fish." The effect of these charges and others of 
 ^i similar nature w as the issue of a royal order by the King of France to 
 Bergier (who had gone to France in 1683) forbidding La Valliere "to 
 jict as conuiuindant of Acadie " any longer, or " to grant fishing licenses 
 to foreigners," and Bergier was at the same time commissioned as lieu- 
 tenant under Periot, who was made governor-in-chief. At this period 
 Michael Boudroit was civil judge, Claude Petipas was secretary, and the 
 8ieur D'Entremont (Jactjues Mius) was attorney-general at Port Royal. 
 Des (ioutins succeeded Boudroit a judge in November, 1684. 
 
 Perrot, who had been Governor of Montreal for fourteen years, now 
 {1685) came to Port Royal as chief in command, with Bergier as his 
 lieutenant. The fort seemed to have been in a very dilapidated state 
 ut this time, and its garrison to have been very small.* Perrot, therefore, 
 ;isked his Government for soldiers, seamen, cannon, ammunition and 
 
 •Tli'"ty soldiers, ill cl il ami provided, constituted the force under his command. 
 
HISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS. 3o 
 
 />ther fommoflitieH of wai', and also for tools with which to rwhuild the 
 ra|)i<lly decaying fortifications. 
 
 In the foUowihi,' year (1()86) a very full census of the country waH 
 taken, from whicli we glean the following particulars concerning the 
 population of Port Hoyal, which consisted of ninety -five families, coni- 
 l>rising 197 adult persons, 218 hoys and 177 girls — in all 592 .souls; 
 and if to these we add the thirty soldiers of the garrison we have a grand 
 tot.d of (122. Among these families was that of tlie lord of the manor, 
 or seigniory, the Sieur Alexandei- le Morgue de Hellisle, the son oi 
 Emanuel le iiorgtie who surrendered the town to Sedgwick, in 1654. 
 He was then forty-three years old, having been hcjrn in 1()43. His 
 wife, who was the eklest daughter of Charles [..atour by Madame 
 D'Aulnay, his second wife, was thirty-two years old, having been born 
 in the fort at Carletoji in 1654. Their children were, (1) Emanuel, aged 
 eleven years, born in 1675; (2) Marie, aged nine, born in 1677; (3) 
 Alexander, aged seven, born in 1679; and (4) Jeanne, aged five, born 
 in 1681. A domestic servant, Etienne Aucher, was .seventy-three years 
 of age, having been born in France in 1613. 
 
 Claude Peti[)as, Sieur de la Fleur, the secretary, was sixty j'ears of age 
 — born in France in 1626. His wife, Catharine IJugaret, was forty-six 
 yeai's old (born in 1640), and was probably of Acadian birth. Their 
 children were, (1) Claude, aged twenty-three, having been born in 1663 ; 
 (2) .lacquos, aged nineteen, born in 1667 ; (3) Marie, aged eighteen, born 
 ill 1668; (4) Henriette, aged twelve, born in 1674; (5) Paul, aged 
 eleven, born in 1675; (6) Charles, aged ten, born in 1676: (7) Martin, 
 ag<'(l nine, born in 1677; (8) Pierre, aged five, born in 1681 ; and (9) 
 Anne, aged two, born in 1684. 
 
 Michael Boudroit, the .judge, was eighty-five years old, having been 
 born in France in 1601. His wife Michelle Aucoin, who was an Acadian, 
 was sixty-five years old — ^born in 1621. Their children were, (1) 
 Michael, twenty-six yeai's of age, born in 1660 : (2) Fran<;ois, aged 
 tw(uity, born in 1666. 
 
 Philip Mius, Sieur D'Entremont, attorney-general, a Norman by birth, 
 was seventy-seven years old -born in 1609. His children were, (1) 
 Philippe, aged twenty-four, born in 1662 ; and (2) Madeleine, aged 
 sixteen, born in 1670. 
 
 The following are the surnames of the inhabitants of Port Royal as 
 furnished by this census : Arsenault, Babin, Barilost, Basterache, Bertran, 
 Benoit, Broissard, Brun, Boure, Blanchard, Le Blanc, Le Borgne, 
 Bourgeois, Boudroit, Brien, Bellivault, Comeaux, Colson, Coino,* 
 
 *Tlie same iimne as Comeaux. — [Kn.l 
 
36 HISTORY OK ANNAI'OI.IS. ^ 
 
 Corberon, Dujiciiux, Douiuoii, Dujjiin, DKUcet, Dn Fon-t, Fardel, (Jaudt^t, 
 Uarault, (Juilbault, (iillauiii<>, (ioliu, <<iri)iiar(l, (i(Klet, (>(Nlin, (iiaiii^fr, 
 MclHTt, llcnr}', Lavoyt', l>aii(lry, liort, Leuitm, Martin, Mar^^crv, Mt'laii- 
 Bon, Mills, f'itrc, Pcltiot, Prijwiii, Pelt-riii, Le Priiioc, l^a Pfirit'tc, 
 Petipas, Reinliaiilt, lliuliard, liobirliaii, Marie Sale (eighty-six years old), 
 Soavoye, Terio, Toan, Torangeau, Thibudeau and Vincent. 
 
 These people possessed 7") j^ims, 6 K5 head of horned cattle, 6'J7 sheep 
 and .{r)! swine. They also had .'177 acres of land under cultivation, 
 being at the rate uf a little more than half an acre tu each inhabitant, 
 or about four acres to a family. By comparing this census with that of 
 1671, we find the population to have increased 72 per cent, in fifteen 
 years, ecjual to nearly 15 per cent, per annum — a very respectable growth. 
 The incre;ise in horned cattle for the same pericxl wjis not quite 10 per 
 cent., while the increase in .sheep was e(|ual to 54A per cent,; but the 
 increa.se in cultivated land was but a trifle over .{ per cent. 
 
 Summing up the statt^ of Acadian affairs ut the close of Perrot's 
 administration in 1686, Murdoch says: 
 
 "It hiul Jteen urgcil on the Fiendi (iovi'iiiment to Imild ii tower ami icdoiilit at 
 the entram^c of Port Royal basin, tlie cost lieing cslinuvted at two thouHaiul crowns ; 
 to put up a re(loul)t with paliaades at Port Royal itself, and to enclose the (iovcrnor'.'* 
 lodgings, part of the Imrracks, storeiioiises, etc. Port Royal seems to have been 
 now the only place in Acadie having the shadow of defence, the (Jovemoi' and tliiity 
 soldiers being resident there." 
 
CHAl'TKR III. 
 
 Kisr.-no'). 
 
 .Moiiiii'val appoiritiMl Oovurnor — Ciiptiirc of Port Royal liv I'liipps — I'ifaliual laiil — 
 Villi'hon rrtiiiiis ami takes possession — His death — Brouillaii (ioveriior — 
 Discords, jealimsicH iiiid scandals — JSeignioiv of I'oit Royal j,'raiited to 
 Liitour's liei IS —Colonel t^hin'chV invasion -Deutli of Hrouillan. 
 
 MUNSlEini 1)E MP:NNKVAL bwmnf (Jovenu.r of Awidie in 
 1(>87, ricf Perrot. With tlit' instructions sent to liim was a 
 lilaiik connnission, wliich he was to till in with the name of sonin person 
 to act iis judfjc Of iieiit«>nant-<{«'noral in tht^ place of M. Houflroit, whose 
 iit;i' had reiidert'd a change desirahle : and powvM" was also j^iven him to 
 a|)liniiit an attofney-j^enefai and a secretary foi' similar reasons. Under 
 lliese instructions, he was to reside at Port Royal and to rebuild the 
 ililai)idated fort. In 16.*<8, the old manor of Port Royal, including the 
 town, was made a ffi/t to the hrothers and sisters of Marie de Menou, 
 the liaugiiter of D'Aulnay, which she confirmed in her last will made in 
 the following year. The brothers and sisters here mentioned were the 
 <'iiii(lren of liei- mother by her second husband, Latour. 
 
 < »ii the .'ith of October, IGSil, two ships laden with goods and provisions 
 arrived at Port Royal, having on their way captured a number of Englisli 
 fishing and trading vessels on the coast, whii-h they brought in as prizes. 
 During the next year, l)e Menneval applied to the King of France for 
 more soldiers for the garrison, it having only seventy men to defend the 
 Idwii. In his application he says, with considerable humour, that he 
 " has the i/oiit, but neither officers nor cannon : that his provisions had 
 bteii captured by privateeis and pirates." Villebon still lived at Port 
 Royal, and seems to have enjoyed the confidence of the (Jovernor, wliich 
 hail been withheld from nearl}' all the other leading inhabitants, among 
 wlioni were lioudroit, the late judge, and D'Entremont, the late attorney- 
 genei'al. 
 
 The yeai' 1690 witnessed the capture of Port Royal once more by the 
 Kiiglish. This event was effected by Sir William Phipps in May of that 
 year. The expedition intended for this service had been fitted out in 
 I'lisioii by the English colonists there, and consisted of a vessel of forty 
 
88 IIISTOKV Oh ANNAI'ul.l.S. 
 
 guns, t\vt» «I(M)| s (oiit« (if sixtufii and tin- ntluT <»t' ci^jlit xuns), hiuI foui* 
 kt'tclu's, iniiiiniMl in nil In- srvi'ii liundii'd hk-ii. TIic t'VfntH which fnsiicd 
 lire so giiij)hii'iilly (if.HCMil)«'d l»y MmdiKh lliiit I injiiuiliu-n his aifuunt ut" 
 Ihrni : 
 
 " At till' tiiiii' ilmt til)' m|iiiiilrtiii iiiiniiiiintli'il l>y Sir Wiiliain IMii|i|iH wiih anit to 
 I'lil't Koyal Ilmt is, in April iiliil Mjiy , U(!MI I)i' Mi'iiiirviil, the linvci imr of Acad'c, 
 wiiH iTNiilciit tlicii', Imvin;; ^^illl him a ^iiniwm of ci^litv six iiii'ii. 'I'littf wi-rc also 
 i'ij,'litt't'ii caiiMDii. Iiiit tlicv wi'rc not |ilaci'il in Imtteiv. 'I'lif fortilicaiKiii)' wori! 
 iiiMi^iiitii'iiiit and iiiitiiiiNliccI, ami the plaic was wanting; in aliiioHt cvt'iytliin^ i'f'i|iii- 
 sitf to itH (U-fciic-i'. I'lM'fot, the latf (jiivi-rnor, wiim yet in tlif (Mimitiy attending li> 
 Ills pi'lvaU* allaii's. A soMii i ami two inlialiitants. wlm wcir mi giianl at t lir 
 I'litiancc cif tlio liasin of I'nit l^ival, sa« tlir Kn^ilisli vessels iimlei full sail inakiliK 
 ill. 'I'liev iiiiiiiediately tired nil' a small imirtar, wliieli was the appiiititcd Hignul t<> 
 apprise the (ioverimr, and they then eniliarked in ii, eamie. They arrived at the 
 furl alioiil eleven o'clock at night, and upon hearing their report I)e Meiineval at 
 onue ordered a euiinon to lie diseliargud to notify the inhiiliitantH that they were to 
 eonie in to his aid. On the 2()tli of May the Kngliidi Hijuadron anehored within half 
 a league of I'ort Koyal, and Philips sent one of his sloopH to the fort with a 
 trumpeter to suiiiinon the (ioveriior to surrt^mler the place to him, with .dl that 
 waH in it, without any capitulation. Menneval iletuined the trumpeter, ami, from 
 want of an officer, sent I'etit, a priest of the Seminary of (^iietiec, who ucteil ax his 
 almoner, to the KngliHh commander, to endeavour to olitain at least toleralile eoiiili- 
 tions, for he at once understood how useless it would lie to attempt a defence with 
 so small a garrison without a single ottieer, and not lieiiig able to depend upon the 
 inlialiitants, three of whom only had emne in at his signal. Besides, he had aliso- 
 lutcly no one to mount his guns or to work them, lie had himself heen for two 
 months past severely atllicted with gout, and he was asmired tl'it the enemy had 
 eight hundred men they eoiilil land. 
 
 " Sir VVilliaiii I'hipps at first insisted that the Governor, garrison and inhaliitants 
 .-.liould yield at his dir'Jietiou, ind I'etit replied that |)e Menneval woulil ratliei- die 
 than so act the coward." 
 
 The teriii.s uitimattdy ii;,'roe(l upon wei-e . (1) That the (Jovernor au<l 
 soldiers should go out with their urras and bagjjfaf^e, and lie sent to 
 (.Quebec hy water ; (2) that the iidialiitants sliould reniain in the peace- 
 able possession <jt' their property, and that tiie honour of the females 
 should l)e protected ; and (.S) that the inhabitants should have tlie free 
 exercise of the Roman Catholic religion and that the church should not 
 be injured. On the ground that he had l)een deceived by Petit, the 
 priest, and after he had entered the foi t and saw for himself that the 
 place could not have been defended against his forces for a singlt! hour, 
 he did not hesitate to set aside the terms which he had before granted. 
 Murdoch adds : 
 
 " He began by disarming the French soldiers, whom he shut uji in the ('liuroh. 
 He even demanded their swords from De Menneval and Des (iimtins, which, how- 
 ever, he returned to them, giving them notice that they were jirisoners of war. 
 Next he allowed the jiillage of the settlement. . Kven the jiriest's dwelling 
 
 and the church were not spared." 
 
HISTOKY »»K ASNAI'OI.IS. .'{!» 
 
 Me ifinaiiKMl loii^' t'lniu^li tn itpiioinl Sfr^^caiit ( 'licNalicr (■<iiiiinHii(liiiit 
 lit' till- |ilii(-)- ;iii(l to iHiininiit*- six nf tlif iiriix-ipiil iiiliuliitiiiitN us u coiiiK'il 
 til aiil in llic luliiiiiiiHtnitioM of utliiii-H. TIih (lovernor, one siTi^i-aiit, 
 I't'til ami Troiiv*', i\w priests, mid tliii-ty-fin''* soMii'i-s iir niriicd iiwiiy 
 with liiin lis prisonci's of war to Hostoii. Prrrol, llif pi'j'ilccfHsor of !)(• 
 Mi'imi'Mil ill till' f^ovoiiiorsliip, liiid a narrow t'scape from capturi' at this 
 time. After liis HUpi'rci'Hsion as a ruler In* had rciiiaincd in tli»^ fount ry 
 as a tradt'r, and was ]irolial)iy on ihi' soiithi'rn const thus <'n;;a;;fd when 
 IMiipps ap|icar('d In-fore I'ort Iloyal. lie returned while the j-'iiijilish 
 vessels were still in the Itasin. 
 
 " Missin;; llic m'litiiii'l," nays Miinldrli, " ii>uiilly |iiistcil ilicir (iil llir strait) he 
 fi'lt iliiiilitH if nil weri< ri>(lit, iinl ^'nt into ;i (iirinc with h'Aiiiiiiiis, a CHiiiidiaii, 
 lia\in;! Mil Inilian witli tlieiii, in imlrr In Icaiii what hail niiui'i'i'il. After ^.'(liiiv 
 tlircc Ica^iU'H up he ;;iit siglit nf an Kll>{iish sliiji aiii'linrcil in the river on w hirii tin- 
 tiiwii is liiiilt, anil lieanl the tiring nf ii laiiniiii ami niiisketry. I'errnt tlioiight then' 
 niiisl lie lighting; guiiiK <>■*, so hi (^oiieealeil the eaiine in the wiiimIh ami went i>^ laiul 
 tn the nearest hniise, ami fniini! it aliamliiiieil. Witlulrawing |iriiiii|itiy, he >;nt intn 
 thi'iaiine again tn reaili his ketih, whirli he met in tlieliasin. Twn Knglishiiieii 
 hail lieeii sent tn watih this vessel, as her return had heeii expeeteil, anl they 
 caught sight nf her anil went in chase nf her in a siiall<i|i ; liiit as it was elili-tiiUt 
 tlie shallnp, lieing tiio elnse in siinre, grnumleil, ami I'ei'rnt, tliniigh piirsueil again 
 liy annther camie, su(!ceeil(Ml in reaching liis ketch in safely, ami setting iier sails gnt 
 (lUt of the hasin, ami leacheil Minas in safoty." 
 
 Viliebon arrived from France with stores, and brought out witii him 
 one Sacfurdie, an enij;ineer, on tlu; 14th of .lune; but bein;^ afraid that 
 Pliijips, who was known to have been then at fjaliavc, ini^ht return, he 
 iield a council with Perrot and Des Goutins, at which it was resolved to 
 be the most prudent course to remove the stores and ^'oods to Jemse;;, on 
 the St. .John Hiver, wliicii was accordingly done. 
 
 A little later on in the year 1C90, the unfortunate town was attacked 
 by two piratical \essels anil pilla^^ed. All the houses near the fort wen- 
 destroyed by them, and many of the cattle of the hnhitanti were killed. 
 They were also said to have hung two of the people, and to have burned 
 a woman aiul lit-r children in her house. 
 
 Viliebon returned to Port Iloyal in November and found the English 
 tlai; Hying over the fort, but not an En<ilishman was to be found in the 
 town. He broufiht with him fifty soldiers and two j;uns, and innnediately 
 summoned the inhabitants from the out-settlements, in whose presence lie 
 soon afterwards took formal possession of the place and fort, and, indeed, 
 uf all Acadie, in the name of the French kinf,'. Des (Joutins resumed 
 the (exercise of his duties as judffe and commissary, and exhumed the 
 1,.'}0() livres which he bad buried on the approach of Phipps in the sprinif. 
 Thus was the capital of Acadie once more in the pos.session of France. 
 
 In a paper sei\t from Acadie to the French (Government in 1691, it is 
 
40 HISTOUV OF AXNAI'OLIS. 
 
 stated ti\at the Knjjflisli luid burned twenty-ei^jht houses at Port Royal 
 in 1(590. Tliis, no doubt, inchided tliose destroyed by the pirates. Tt 
 also informs us that the ohurrh was burnt but that the mill ar.d man\ 
 liouses escaped. It also -jontains a recommendation that the foit be 
 rebuilt at, or removed tf), l<i pir liondi', two leaj^ues t'artlioi- up the river 
 <tt I III- iieiid of nil ihf sfUtenients. This statement seems to prove that, up 
 to this pei'ioti, no settlements had been made al)ove this point, thou<,'h at 
 a later (hite v/e shall be al)le to point out places many miles farther east- 
 ward where hamlets tk)urished years before Uie expulsion in 1755. By 
 III jire Rondi' the writer probably had reference to Bellisle maish, and the 
 .site for the fort would have been Hound Hill, which, from it; position 
 and surroundin<i;s, was admirably situated for defence. 
 
 Lahoutan tlvis, and not very favourably, describes the Acadian capital 
 at this period, of which he says : " Port Royal, the capital, or the only 
 city in Acadie, is, in effect, no more than a little paltry town, that is 
 somewhat enlarged since the war broke out in 1689." 
 
 From Villebon's rehabitation of it, the little t(>wn appears to have 
 ))een left to recruit its dilapidated condition as best it mijtfht. In 1696 
 Monsieur Du<;ue arrived with a detachment of thirty men foi' the ^^arrison. 
 Father Baudoin came with him to have the opportunity of i-enewing his 
 acquaintance with Ue Maridoux who had taken the place of Petit, the 
 old cure. Amonj; other thinjjs he tells us that he pitied the inhabitants 
 of tlie place, for "they were forbidden f) deal with the Enj^lish, while 
 the French did not supply one-ciuartei- of the articles they stood in 
 need of."* 
 
 Villebon, in a connnunication to tin; French minister, in 1696, says : 
 "I had last fall commissioned le sieur Dubreuil, a settler at Port Rojal, 
 to have si.x thousand feet of thick plank made .it a sawmill, anvl this as 
 if on his own account." 
 
 These planks were intended to be used at the old fort at Carleton, but 
 had been burned by order of the En;,dish. It is believed the site of 
 the sawmill in which Dubreuil had this work di)ne, was that on wliich 
 Poutrincourt's old mill stood, namely, on the Lecjuille River near Dargie's 
 mills. In 1097 Villebon resided at Fort Nashwaak, on the St. .lohn 
 River, which he had strongly fortified. Monsieur de Falaise commanded 
 at Port Royal. In the following yeai* (1698) a famine occurred in 
 Acadie, and many of the inhabitants, iiichiding tliose iit Port Royal, 
 were compelled to subsist on shell fish. Indian corn and meal were 
 supplied to Villebon from Boston. Home years before one Basset (who 
 i; called a dangerous man) with his family had settled in Por':. Royal. 
 
 *.l()lii! Ahleu, of Boston, visited the town (luring tlii.s year on ,i trailing voyage. 
 Kov many years lie was enga;,'eil in such voyages iip the Hay of Kiindy. He was the 
 eldest son of tlic famous John Alden, of tiie Miii/Jlomy, thi' i'lymouth magistrate, 
 by his wife Friseilla, the Puritan maiden immortalized \>y Longfellow.— [Ed J 
 
HISTORY OB' ANXAPOLIS. 41 
 
 He was said to have lu-eu with Piiipps in IGOO, and assisted in the 
 capture of the town, but he allej^tid that he had been forced to take 
 an unwillinji pnit in that adventure. He seems to have been a sort of 
 outlaw, ravisliiny; the coasts of tlie Province with relentless cruelty, i i:d 
 treatinj^ ti.e subjects of botli countries in turn with inipai-tial severity. 
 About this tmw lie asked and obtained leave to <j;o to Boston, ai' event 
 which gave much pleasure to his cctuntrvmen. 
 
 Le Hor<i;ne was still seitjneur of Port lioyal, and his ln-other-ni-law, 
 Abraham Mius, resided there also. They were both niai-ried t> dau<j;liters 
 of Charles Latour by Madame l)'Aulnay, his second wife. Falaise v as 
 commandant and by no means friendly to the Goveinor, V'illebon, who, 
 in his journal of this period, thus speaks of the people of the settlements 
 in and around tiie old town : 
 
 "They fet'd tlieiiisolves aiul liave Hurplus tii sell. Hump and tlax p.'osper. 
 .Some u: e no otiier cloth hut lioiiiespun. Fruit.s, pulse and garden stuff are 
 excclletU, and provisions are cheap. Tlie woo) is good, and most of tiie iidiahitants 
 are drcs-sed in tlieir own woollen dotli. The founder- of Port Royal knew the 
 cuiiutry well hefore they .selected it as tlieir fortress. It is the geiierul store of the 
 country, and fortifying it also protects Minu.s, where corn is now raised and <:attle." 
 
 The writer of the above description died suddenly on -July 5th, 1700. 
 A Canailian by birth, liis father was Charles Lemoine, seigneur of 
 Longueuil, near Montrval. Monsieur de lirouillan was liis successoi- in 
 the go'ernorship, and a \ igorous effort was made early in this year to 
 put the fort in a better condition. Villieu, who undertook the direction 
 oi affairs until the coming of iJrouillan, .ussembl h1 the people and ordered 
 them to furnish a ([uantity of palisades, and to have them ready on the 
 Go\ernor's ai'ri\al from Placetitia, his former command, and t'roin wliieh 
 lie might now be daily expected. This, however, 'hey n 'glected to do. 
 Oil his way hither Brouillan was driven i>y adverse winds into Chel)ucto, 
 now Halifax harbour, and the winds still continuing uiifav(uirable- he 
 determined to make his way to Port Poyal overland, " visiting Lahave 
 and Minas by the way," a feat which he succe.ssfuUy accomplished, being 
 most probably the first white man to make the journey. He arrived 
 at headipiarters on the twei\tietli day of June, and two days afterwards 
 lie summoned the inhabitants to witness his installation as their future 
 ruler, and to receive his commands to provicit the palisades vs'hich they 
 had promised Villieu to furnisii — a pn.misi^ which they had neglected 
 to perform. 
 
 It is ('vident from .some of tlu^ statements ,nade to Brouillan that the 
 hfiftilaus of the Annajiolis River regarded the English with very con- 
 siderable favour. Tiiey atlirmed as a cause of their reluctance to aid 
 liim with materials for revesting and restoring tiie fort that they feared 
 they would be pu^ under tiie control of a "trading company": a fact 
 
42 HISTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 wliich ceitainly proves tliey had learned to fear such control .'is disad- 
 vantaj^jeous to their interests, and it is certain the companies or the 
 individuals who from time to time administered the affairs of Acadie 
 sought to enrich theniselvcs at the expense of the colonists, who, while 
 they were prevented from dealing with the English, from whom they 
 could obtain their supplies at cheaper r.ates and with greater regularity 
 and certainty, were compelled to buy from their own countrymen at 
 dearer rates and forced to take a minimum value for the commodities 
 they ga\ e in exchange : and this, too, while the English charged less for 
 the same description of supplies and gave a greater price for tlie articles 
 taken in exchange. Tt was no wonder, therefore, they should prove luke- 
 warm in theii' conduct toward their rulers. 
 
 The (.iovernor says of the fort, which he wished to make a stronghold 
 woilhy of French power : 
 
 " It is sciircely possible tliiit tlic I'liemy oonld make a descent, except at the foot 
 of tlie gliicis, tiiKlfr tlie fi-t- of camion, or in ])liice8 wliere one coiiW dispute with 
 tlicm foot by foot, even witii tlie small force kejit liere, all the environs of tlie fort 
 heing marshy and cut l>y good trenches of earth an<l ditches (|uite impracticable. 
 I might have made a more regular fortification had I not thought it more advan- 
 tageous to avail myself of the ground as it is, which, without adding much to 
 nature, forms a tine >j;lacis around two-thirds of the place, elevated thirty-five feet 
 from the level of the rivers whi(th wash its foot to the palisades of the covered way, 
 so that in raising, as I have done, tile ground of the covered way four feet and a 
 half, I find, by means of the declivity, a terrace of more than a fathom at the foot 
 of the ramjiarts, which will thus lie raised more than eighteen feet by casting there 
 the earth taken out of the covered way." 
 
 A limekiln and brickyard were constructed by his order this year. 
 For the latter, he says, "the clay at hand i.s excellent"; for the former, 
 he would supply the limestone from the St. John River, and he recom- 
 mended that ships bound to Port lioyal should ballast with that material. 
 The garrison, consisting of two companies of thirty men each, he desired 
 should be augmented Viy two or more additiomil companies of fifty men 
 each, and he asked to have a redoubt built at the entrance to the basin, 
 believing that fortifying (Joat Island would be of little use. The militia, 
 which consisted of about 150 men, wei-e badly armed and almost without 
 annnunition. In another of his reports he says, "The Port Royal people 
 are more afraid of a company than of the English ;" and he hopes to 
 secure the Itulian inteiest by liberality in presents. The Merchants' 
 Company had an agent at this time in Port Roya', which explains the 
 reference made abo\'e. 
 
 Madame de Frenouse (Louise Guyon), whose hasband, Matthieu 
 D'Armours, had died shortly after the fall of Fort Nashwaak, leaving 
 her with the care of a large family, seems to have resided at Port Royal , 
 at this uate (1700-1), and to have applied to Governor Brouillan to use 
 his influence with the French king to oV)tain for her a small pension, 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 4S 
 
 alleging that such a charity would not be likely to extend further as sfn- 
 icax tht' only icido"- then in tlie country. Two of her sons were cadets in 
 the companies then forming the gariison. 
 
 In 1702 the earthworks of the fort were completed, and a house for a 
 hospital constructed, which was to he under the managenient of the two 
 surgeons of the garrison. In this year the little community of Port 
 Royal began to suffer sadly from a spirit of mutual distrust and jealou.sy 
 among its members. This spirit extended from lirouillan down to the 
 lowest employe under the (Jovernment. I cannot do better than (juote 
 from Murdoch's work, in which he crowds into a small space many facts 
 which illustrate the prevailing feelings, l)esides atlbrding some matter of 
 interest not immediately connected with it. He says : 
 
 •'Tlii'iv is ill! iiiccssmit leiterHtion of coniiilaints ngainst tlic govcinors beginning 
 with Villelion, hut culminating in tiie adniinistvation of Hrouillan. Some of the 
 clfhrges are seriously i)r()ft'creil, l)Ut very many of them ilegenerate into petty 
 slanders and garrison gossip. Villehon kept u journal of all oucurreuces, from which 
 facts of importance can lie easily selected an<l arranged in narrative form. Brouillan, 
 though full of details and remarks, <loes not seem to attend to ilates or the order of 
 events. Hrouillan is charged hy I)e la Touche with ruling harshly. He says: 
 ' Everybody trembles and no one dares to speak— even those who write dare not 
 sign their names, because they would be i-uined inevitably if known^thus they say 
 one to another in a low voice.' He charges him with coveting a piece of land for a 
 poultry-yard, and using intrigues, menaces, and coercion to obtain deeds from the 
 owners, who oonsi<lered its sale a great injury to them. This aciiuisition of Brouillan 
 is called L^I,ile mix corhoits — (Hog Island). In a deed of forty years ago, or upwards, 
 from the late M. D'Aulnay to JacoW Bourgeois it is liouiideil by tlie road and the 
 River Dauphin ; the numlior of feet in width being left in l)lank. The road did not 
 suit Bi'ouillari, wlio wished to erect a building which he could see from the fort in 
 perspective. To etFect this lie proposed to continue tlie Rue St. Antoine and lay out 
 a town in that dir(>ction. Three or four (iwners whose land woidd be severed by 
 continuing this street, opposed the notion ; l)ut he got Bonaventure and (Joutins to 
 take a title of the opposite lands from the lady of the manor. 
 
 "Chaiges of immoral conduct wei'e made against Brouillan and Bonaventure. 
 The former is aec\ised of ati'ronts to officers, and of nie<ldling for private gain with 
 the trade in provisions. Bonaventure is charged with sending one hundred and ten 
 ((uarts of l)randy for sale to Boston in 1700; of trading with Indians and miscon- 
 duct with so II ra<ii.''.fis. The Indians are saiil to have made .songs on the sul)ject, 
 which they sing in the woods. Theic are lUiiny other p"tty charges in La Touelie's 
 letter. 
 
 " In another memoir of this year, supposeil to liave been written by Mandou.x, 
 the cure', it is said that 'he took possession, at his comiiig. of the land of an indi- 
 vid\ial to build on, which land tiie owner did not wish to jiart with, as it served to 
 support a large family.' The other charges made l)y La Tou.lie are reiterated as 
 well against Brouillan as Bonaventure. Villieu mention., his having undergone two 
 years" imprisinnnent and sutl'ered much from fatigue in comnuwid of war parties 
 both in Canada and Acadie, where he slept six months in the woods, without any 
 other nomishnient but sonie corn and tisli, wlii. h failed him often when needed. 
 Owing to all this he had i:ow a very severe astlima, that liad conlined him to au 
 arm chair foi' more than three months in the sununer of 17"l, and hh long as tliat in 
 
44 HISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 1702. . . Dfs (Jiiiitins says III- ' iiiia to Wdik on Sumliivs and lioliilays at the 
 
 king's stores, five or six hours ip a |)hi<'c, williout lire, in thr colcK-st st'^erity ot 
 wintur.'" 
 
 This niHii was Jud^i, iii.'l as such ^ re.sidcd in the settleiiU'iit of all 
 civil suits and disputes. Hi.s wife was a Miss Tliihedeau, an Acadian l)y 
 biitli. The Jacob Jioui'i^eois licfofe mentioned as tlie purcliaser of Ho;j; 
 Island from D'Auln. y (al)oiit 16<!0) was many yea'' afterward a pioneer 
 in the settlement of Petitcodiac, thoiii^li it is uncertain whether he ever 
 removed his family to that place. 
 
 In 1703, the Kin^ of France granted the seigniory of Port Royal to 
 begin at two thousand j aces from the fort, and to e.vtend five leagues 
 ^twelve and on ' alf miles) up the rive, and two 1. -agues (five mik.'S) in 
 widti <>Ti both sides, enclosing a ilistrict of about .si.xty s(juare miles of 
 tlie cream of the county. Thi: grant included mines and minerals, and 
 was to be divided into seven equal shires, each share to become the 
 property of one of the following persons : Cliarles Latour ; Mary Labour, 
 the widow of Le Borgne de Bellisle : Marlame D'Entremont ; Anne 
 Ljit(jur ; Madame Melanson, the widow of Jacques Latour ; Marguerite 
 Latour, the widow Pleinmaris, and the remaining two shares to the 
 children of Madame Bellisle. These persons were the children and 
 grandchild en of Charles Amador de la Tour by Jeanne Motier (Madame 
 D'Aulnay), iiis second wife. 
 
 More repairs were made on the fort during this year, in reference to 
 wliich Brouillan says tliat the inha' itants work cheerfully, and he pays 
 a small allowance to the soldiers for their work. The people of Port 
 Royal at this time subscribed 800 livres toward building a new cliurch, 
 to replace that which was destroyed in 1690, and a portion of the 
 garrison was sent to Minas to awe the inhabitants of that j)laco into 
 subnii.ssioi., va some of them had been heard to sf< y publicly that " if the 
 English should appear they would join them." Ihis detachment was 
 commaiuled by Boularderie, and its pre.sence had the desired effect, as 
 we are informed that the Minas people sent a party to assist in renewing 
 the fort at Ixiaihjuartprs. Early in the autumn <uie Jouin, a Bordeaux 
 speculator, took several vessels from the English on the coast, and seijt 
 them as prizes into Port i>oyal. Two of these arrived safely, but the 
 third, in which Jouin himself was a passenger, was recaptured by her 
 crew, who put tlie Frenchman to death. 
 
 Among other accusations, the Governor was this year charged with 
 having tortured two soldiers, with having interfered with the engineer, 
 with having e.xactcd fees from the prisoners in the guard-house, with a 
 Ihiisov with Jladame Barrat, who it was said had followed him from 
 France to Acadie, with disturbing the wedding festivities of Pontif, the 
 surgeon, and many more equally mean and annoying actions. It is more 
 than probable that most of them were without foundation in fact, and 
 
HISTORY f)K ANNAPOLIS. 45 
 
 were circulated from motives of jealousy and pique. Bonaventure, 
 formerly of the French navy, hut at this peiiod an otticer of the jfairison, 
 was charged with an illicit intercourse with Madan^e Frenouse, whom we 
 have already seen was "the ordy widow in Acadie." The fruit of this 
 amour was a chi. ' horn in Sep)teml)er, as appears by the parish register. 
 This scandal made a great noise throughout Acadie, and formed an 
 additional element of discord to the distracted social relations of the 
 conununity then domiciled in and near the Acadian caj)ital. 
 
 Charles Latour now claimed the ownership of the two thousand paces 
 lying between the fort and the recently created seigniory, and demanded 
 rent from the (xovernment for the lands occupied by them, but it does 
 not clearly appear whether his demand was complied with or refused. 
 
 The Massjvchusetts colonists determined to make an attack on Port 
 Royal early in 1 704. An expedition was fitted out at Hoston, and placed 
 under the comnumd of Colonel Ji?enjamin Church, and sent into the Bay 
 of Fundy. It consisted of several armed vessels and boats, the latter of 
 which proceeded with the smaller vessels to Min.as, where the dykes were 
 cut by the soldiers, with a view to the destruction of the marsh lands 
 there ; they also did what other damage they could t<» the cultivated coin 
 grounds. During the time these events were transpiring there, the larger 
 vessels remained in the lower basin of the Annapolis River awaiting the 
 return of the others, by whom they were soon rejoined, when a council 
 of officers was held, at which it was decided not to be prudent to attack 
 the fort up the river at this juncture. Previous to coming to this con- 
 clusion they had seized the guards at the strait, and landed some of their 
 troops, who approached within two or three miles of the town, carrying 
 off one family and connnitting more or less pillage upon others, while at 
 the same time the Heet, consisting of ten ships, anchored near Goat IsL'.nd, 
 where they remained for some days. The French were much alarmed at 
 this threatened attack, and weie much rejoiced when they saw the enemy 
 re-embark his troops and take his departure. These events took place 
 between the second and twentieth of July. The shipyard of Port Royal 
 during its centenary year witnessed the launching of a vessel of twelve or 
 fourteen guns, intended for the public service, and the year was further 
 marked by the imprisonment of Charles Latour. We learn from this 
 episode in his history that he resided in the town and owned a dwelling 
 there, for special mention is made of his having been put under arrest 
 by the Governor and kept " a prisoner in his own house." The cause 
 leading to this ';vent is proliably to be sought in his conduct regarding 
 his claims to the flisputed two thousand paces of land between the fort 
 and the new .seigniory. 
 
 In DecemV)er, Brouillan sailed for France, leaving Bonaventure to 
 command in his place. At the time of his departure there were not less 
 than two hundred men in the garrison, of whom one-fourth were too 
 
46 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 weak and iiifinii to l)eof use. These Bonaventure directed to be released 
 from duty and billeted among the inhabitants, that they might be fed, 
 warmed and otherwise eared for. Under this treatment they were 
 restored to healtii and fitted for the eflicient discharge of their duties in 
 the spring. 
 
 In the early days of 170"), a marriage took place in Port Royal which 
 excited considerable interest amongst the gossips at the time. Frani;ois 
 du Pont du Vivier, a captain in tlie garrison, had for some months pre- 
 viously been guilty of improper intimacy with a dashing young belle of 
 the place, a descendant of Charles Latoui', the hero of Acadie, which 
 rendered nuirriage necessary. This denouement was forbidden by Bona- 
 venture, the acting commaiulant, and by Du Vivier's relatives. It is only 
 rc^asonable to believe that their opposition would have been withdrawn if 
 they had been aware of the critical circumstances which environed the 
 parties. The priest, Father Justinien Durand, to whom the facts had 
 liecome known, insisted on the necessary rites, and performed them 
 secretly, notwithstanding the opposition of the autl)orities. The ceremony 
 took place on the l"2th January, and on the lioth April following, this 
 entry was made in the registry book of the mission ; " Born to Fr.aui^rois 
 du Pont du Vivier and Marie Mius de Poubomcoup, a daughter, baptized 
 the same day." Such an event, the reader will easily conceive, did not 
 tend to lessen the discords in the community in which it occurred. The 
 witnesses to this marriage were M. Bellisle, the old seigneur of Port 
 Boyal, (Jliarles Latour, uncle to the bride, and Des Goutins, the Judge. 
 Bonaventure after this refused to acknowledge the claims of her uncle 
 to the rents of the lands within the two thousand paces, and ordered 
 them to be paid to Des troutins, as King's Receiver, declaring that the 
 money ought to be given to the hospital. This action of Bonaventure 
 may be attriljuted to the annoyance he had experienced from the con- 
 duct of Latour in the marriage of his niece to Du Vivier. A period 
 now approached when the heart-bu>'nings and jealousies which had so 
 long consumed the peace of Port Royal, were to have an end. Brouillan 
 died on his outward voyage from France, in the mouth of Halifax (then 
 Chebucto) harbour, in September, 1705. His body was consigned to the 
 waves of the Atlantic, but his heart was taken out and conveyed by 
 the Profond, Captain Cauvet, to Port Royal, where it was buried by 
 Bonaventure with proper ceremonies, " near a cross where it was 
 intended to build a chapel." It is believed that his death was not 
 regarded as a public calamity ; indeed, Des Goutins says, " The public 
 were unable to conceal their joy at his loss." Shipbuilding continued to 
 be prosecuted. A frigate named La Jiiche was launched toward the 
 close of 1705, making at least two vessels set afloat within three years. 
 It is impossible at this day to determine the exact locality in which these 
 vessels were built. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 17U5-1710. ' 
 
 .Suborisase Governor — Attack from Miissacliuxetts under Colonel Miircli — Kvents iind 
 vit;isnitU(leH of the siege — The Knglisii witlulraw with heiivy lows — Ordered 
 to leturii — The struggle renewed — English iigain disronitited— They retire 
 — Diary of the expedition by a Chaplain— IJondi-proof powder magazine huilt 
 anil baiiacks Knished — Final eajitiire of Port Royal liy Nicholson. 
 
 SUBERCASE succeeded Brouillaii as j^ovenior in 170G. In this yoar 
 Kfty-oue prisoners* arrived at Port Royal from Boston, many of 
 whom were in very indigent circumstances and required aid from tlie 
 settlers. Toward the end of the year Des Goutins wrote the minister : 
 
 •■ There has not yet ))een so much wheat collected in this country as during this 
 year. The inhahitaiits see more than ever the necessity there is of attending to the 
 uplands, and tliat if they had done so at first and worked as much on them as they 
 have done on the marshes they would have been incomparably more advanced, and 
 woidd not have been sidjject to the inconveniences that happen to the marshes. 
 The tide was so great on the oth of Novend)er la.st (ITOo) that it overflowed all the 
 niar.shes of this country without exce])tion, an occurrence that had not taken place 
 within the memory of num. This determined them to think of the high lands. 
 Tliey know now that tlie marshes, wlien abandoned, will yet produce hay, whereliy 
 they nuiy increa.se the miinber of tlicir cattle anil obtain manure for their ui)hind8." 
 
 Subercaae, the new governor, by his urbane and j)leasing demeanour, 
 .soon won the confidence of those over whom he ruled. Bonaventure, 
 who administered the affairs of the colony till his arrival, still continued 
 to reside at Port Royal. In a report to the French home authorities, 
 dated Christmas Day, 170(), vSuberca.se says, in answer to charges of 
 dishonesty against Des Goutins : 
 
 " Tiiat which concerns the Sieur des (ioutins, on the subject of the pillage of 
 treisure in 1690 ; Port Royal having l)een taken in that year by n species of capitu- 
 lation, they surrendered with the fort and agreed to give account to the Knglish, 
 and deliver to them everything as it stood. M. desUoutina, as he was treasurer anil 
 foresaw that he woidd be called to account — as he was, in fact — entrusted the 
 king's money that was in his possession into the hands of a haliitant, who con- 
 cealed it in a pot in a corner of his garden, without tlie F]nglish having any 
 
 * Probably French prisoners exchanged.— [Kd.] 
 
48 IIISTOKV OK AXNAI'OLIS. 
 
 kiiowii'dgc of it. The Knglisli callccl on M. dv.n (Jcmtiiis to sliow tlir cxpcrulitiirc 
 of the iMoiu'y wliicli llic king liaii sent nut tliat yi'iir. Me gave them iiii uecuuiit, 
 Willi \vlii(!li they were eoiiteiitetl. In tlie year t'olldwing, Des UoutiiiH, hiiving 
 returned to A( ailie witii tlie Sicin' ile \"illel)on, tiiev inoceeded in ioMi|Hitiy to the 
 luiliilanl'K hotise, uhoihig U|> the pot in tiieir iiresenee and the money was eounted. 
 Out of this sum eiiougli was taken to j)ay tlie sahvi-y of the Sieur de Foitneuf, 
 lieutenant, and tlie hahuice was jilaeed in the haiuls of the Sieur de Bona venture, 
 who carried it to Kranei', ami, by order of the Council, paid it over to M. ile 
 Lubert," 
 
 He also (lefiMided Boiiaventin'e from some eliiirj^cs wliidi had hecn 
 made aj^aiiist him, and said that the zeal of the eleigy " had eiij^eiidered 
 di.'jrespect to men in otHce," and that "the Church for a long time past 
 has held here the rij^ht of commanding, or at least of nharin;];, the 
 temporal authority. " 
 
 A vigorous but unsuccessful attack was niiule upon Pent Royal in 
 1707. The English colonists of Massachusetts — enterprising, restless 
 and daring — determined upon its capture, and early in the year (May 
 24th) embarked about twelve hundred men on board twenty-three 
 transports, which had been previously provided and sent to Nantasket, in 
 Boston Bay. These transports were con\'oyed to the scene of operations 
 by H. M. S. Deptford, a vessel of fifty guns, commanded by Captain 
 Stukeley, and tlie provincial galley. Captain Southack, and arrived in 
 the basin on the Gth of June. At the strait which forms the entrance to 
 this beautiful sheet of water the French kept a guard cttnstantly posted, 
 with a view of obtaining news of the arrival of an enemy at the earliest 
 possible moment. The guard at this time consisted of fifteen men, who 
 reached the fort but a short time in advance of the inviuler's flotilla. 
 Colonel March, who commanded the military wing of the expedition, 
 immediately landed with seven hundriHl men on the south side of the 
 river at a distance abf>ut two miles Ijelow the fort, and ordered Colonel 
 Appleton to land with three hundred men on the opposite, or Granville 
 shore. The French, who appear to have had no information that they 
 were likely to be attacked, were taken by surprise and nmch alarmed 
 at the sudden appearance of so formidable a foe ; but Subercase proved 
 himself equal to the occasion. He immediately summoned the militia 
 from the surrounding settlements to come in to his assistance. The 
 first of these arrived on the same day on which the English landed 
 their forces, and he at once sent them forward to skirmish with, and 
 as far as possible retard, the advance of the attacking battalions until 
 further detachments arrived, who, as fast as they came in, were .sent to 
 the front to reinforce their comrades already there. This conduct was 
 exceedingly wise on the part of the French commander, as the regulars 
 comprising the garrison were by the.se means kept fresh to defend the 
 fort if it should become necessary to do so. On the 8th of June his 
 
IIISTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS. 49 
 
 forct^s hiul \)vv.n auj^iiusiilt'd l)y all tlu; iiMiilahU^ iiiilitia witliiii fifttu'ti 
 miles of the ti»wii, who rendered most viiluahle sei-\ ices in the det'enee 
 made by their countrvmen. (Jeneial orders \vei(^ ^fi\<Mi them not to 
 advance so tar as to sillier thenis«!lves to lie tut off from the fort. They 
 wen* soon attacked and dri\(!n hack liy their adversaries, hut not before 
 tliey had intliottMl considerable injury upon them. On the north side of 
 the ri\i!r, the division undiM' Appleton soon drovts their foes in to a 
 point nearly opposite to the town. Here Suberca.se had sent boats and 
 canoes to carry theuj across the rivei', with a view to s(>nding tliem to 
 the supj)ort of their connades, who wer(» enj.;aged in disputing the advance 
 of Colonel March, on the south side. These were placed under the com- 
 mand of Denys de la Ronde, a bi-othor of Bonaventure, who was unable 
 to take an active part in these operations owing to sickness. Later im, 
 on this da}' (June Htli), Subercase joined De la Uoiid(% and in an engage- 
 ment which immediately followcnl had his hor^e shot under him. [n 
 this encounter one Frenclunan was killed and another wounded ; the 
 English loss was considerably greater. The superiority of the numbers 
 of the invading force compelled Subercase to retreat, which he did in 
 good order, the enemy not making any pursuit of a pressing character. 
 In fact, they made no further hostile movement until the third day 
 after the conflict, when they drew near to the fort and prepared to 
 assault it. At this crisis Subercase ordered a number of buildings 
 which stood near the fort to be torn down, lest they should afford 
 shelter to the besiegers during the attack, and which from the small- 
 ness of the garrison he could neither iwcupy nor defend with advantage, 
 nor hope to preserve with any certainty of success. He then detached 
 eighty men, mostly militia, with oixlers to harass the English parties who 
 had been ordered to kill the cattle of the hnbitanx in the neighbouring 
 settlements. A part of the.se ambushed in the forests on each side of 
 the river, where they knew the English must pass in order to effect 
 their purpose. St. Castine is said to have commanfled one of these 
 parties, and to have killed six of the English in a skirmish, and after- 
 wards to have attacked their full force with such impetuosity as to 
 comp(!l them, in disorder, to fall back to their camp. 
 
 On the evening of the IGth of June, the besiegers being ready to 
 assault the fort began their attack by a heavy and repeated discharge 
 of musketry, under cover of which March sent four or five hundred men 
 to force the breaches, which he suppo.sed to be easily assailable. The 
 cannon of the fort, however, played so furiously upon the a.ssailants tha^ 
 they were soon compelled to aliandon their attempt ; in fact they were 
 forced to retire before the vigorous cannonade and musketry fire under 
 which they found themselves. Colonel March, though thus repulsed, 
 (lid not become disheartened ; and near midnight Subercase found his 
 4 
 
60 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 citarlel closely itivesteil on every side, every valley and ravine in its 
 vicinity swarniin;^ witlj armed foes, and it was his turn t<» luH-oint- appre- 
 hensive for the n'sult of the apparent determination of the liesicuinij 
 soldiery. An attempt was now made hy them to (h'stroy a Krench 
 frigate, and some other vessels, which weic lying at anoimr under the 
 guns of the fort ; hut in this they were foiled hy tlie vigorous resistance 
 oH'ered by the besieged. Something lik«! a panie appears to have seized 
 the English when their failure beeame apparent. A report gained 
 credence that the works of tiie French were mined, and that an assault, 
 (>ven if made successfully, would only terminate in the destruction of 
 the captors ; they therefore retiied, tii'st to their trenches, and at day- 
 light in the morning to the camp at first occupied by them. Having 
 sustained a loss of about one hundred men in their \arious skirmislies 
 and abortive attem[)ts to caj)ture the fort, on the 17th of Juno they 
 re-embarked on board their transports, and abandoned further proceed- 
 ings. They had, however, succeeded in doing much damage, having 
 burned all the dwellings in the lower town and many f)f those in the 
 upper, besides driving away and destroying the cattle of the surrounding 
 farms. 
 
 The English, thus defeated in the main object of their expedition, 
 sailed to Casco Bay, from which place Colonel March reported to 
 (jrovernor Dudley, and asked for furtlier orders. He declared that his 
 officers and the troops refused to assault Port Royal, and laid all the 
 blame of failure on them. The Bostonians and the (governor gave but 
 little credit t(» the statement, and l)lamed March himself and Appleton 
 and Wainwright for tlie want of success. Captain Stukeley, of the 
 Deptford, defended the conduct of the soldiery. 
 
 When the news of the defeat of the expedition reached Massachusetts, 
 Dudley, the Governor, determined to have the effort to capture tlie 
 place renewed, and with this object in view, lie sent one hundred recruits 
 to Casco Bay, to make gocnl the losses recently sustained, and, thus 
 reinforced, the armament was ordered to return and renew its attempt 
 upon Port Royal. Of the 750 men who had returned with tlieir 
 commander, many had become, from \arious causes, unfit for service, 
 and all were dispirited by their recent failure, so that the prospect 
 of a second attack did not promise very favourable results. However, 
 as their orders to return were peremptory, nothing remained but to obey, 
 and they found themselves before the old town again on the morning 
 of the 24th of August, when March, either being ill, or feigning illness, 
 refused to act as commander-in-chief, and gave that position to Wain- 
 wriglit, the next senior officer, who ordered the troops to land on the 
 shores of Granville, not far from wliere Appleton had, two months 
 before, landed his division of the forces. 
 
HISTORV OK AXN'AF'OM.S. ,'» 1 
 
 A renewal of the Mtrn;{;,'l*' had not been anticipated by Subercase, and 
 it excited considerable alaiiii. His little garrison had been reinforced in 
 till' nih-rim by tin- crew of a i''rench frigate, but this did not add very 
 iiiiiti'rially U> his means of defence, and it is very likely the English 
 would have met with entire success liad they puslu^d forward tht'ir 
 attack without delay, as the militia could not have been brought into 
 tlm fort, owing to th<^ distance at whi("h tiie greater lunnbcr of them 
 M'sided, ami without their co(jperation and assistance, Subercase knt^w 
 tiiat defence could not be prolonged for any pnjtracted period. The 
 invaders, however, acted very deliberately, miu by their delay enabled 
 the French to assemble their militia and place the fort in a posture of 
 defence. As the Knglisb troops had been iande<l on the side of the river 
 opj)osite to and below the fort, and Subercase was uncertain what tlieir 
 plan and object might be, instead of sending out men to oppose their 
 advance, he kept his forces in the fort, ready to be used as emtirgency 
 might ro(]uire. The enemy after landing, pushed forward up the river, 
 past the fort and "narrows," and formed an encampment on what has 
 long since been known as "Troop's Point," which is situated to the 
 eastward of the village of CJranville Ferry,* and not far from it. The 
 Kiench commander, ever vigilant and active, supposing their intention 
 to be to destroy the dwellings and other property of the hamlets above 
 the town, immediately sent out a party of eighty Indians and thiity of 
 the militia, with orders to ascend the river on the foit or .south side 
 sutticiently far before crossing it to enable them to ambuscade themselves 
 at a point where tlieir foes would be sure to pass in order to accomplish 
 their purpose, and where they could be suddenly attacked and easily 
 defeated. 
 
 While the invad(^rs were yet engaged in fortifying their camp, their 
 commander sent a detachment of hib m<m, probablj' amounting to about 
 one hundred and twenty, pioneered by a guard of ten others, uader the 
 command of a lieutemint, to distress the settlements to the eastward and 
 cut otl" the supplies of the garrison in that direction. The guard, being 
 in ad\ance, were surprised, and its officers and eight of its men were 
 killed, and the two remaining ones taken prisoners. From these captives 
 the Fn^nch were made accjuainted with the plan of Wainwright, which 
 was to take his cannon and ves sels through the " narrows " on the Hood- 
 tide the next evening, and then by crossing his men to the fort side 
 of the river, to make his ad\ ance toward the fort from the east side of 
 the cape. In order to frustrate this scheme, the French were ordered to 
 build fires along the stream at this point during the night. The detach- 
 ment above referred to, immediately after the disaster to the guard. 
 
 *The author wrote "New Calodonia," a name once given to the village, but 
 now huppily fallen into JisUHe. — [Ed.] 
 
»2 HISTOHY OK AXNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 letuiiH'd t(i i';mi|i. wlifie for Horiif tiiiii' tlit-y wi-io kt-pt in cimtinual aliinii 
 
 hy tlip m(»\»'iiH'iits ot' the f,'iirris«tii. So t'l-ait'iil did flit'V t« mu' ulioiit 
 
 scudini; out Mfonts in any diii-otion. tliiit Miucli says, " lu* iud;i»'d it 
 unsat'f to proct'cd on any scrvio*' witlioiit u coniiiaiiy <it" at U'ust on»' 
 hundred men." In proot' ot' tliis ><taUMiient lie addM : 
 
 '■ AliiMit fiiiu ill till' iiftci MDiiii I Nutl'tTfil a iiMiiilui <if iiifii. alHPiit tift\ iir HJxty, 
 In j,'(> (Icpwii to tlif liiiiik uf the I ivcr to rill tlmicli tu I'livcr tin- tciils. All ictiiiiit-il 
 well, rxi't'|)t nine of ('a|iliiiii Diiiiniick'M men. who wcn> Ini iiuay liy ""<• MaiiMlicM, 
 ti until follow, to tlif next |ilantiUioii to gut I'lthliagCK in a garilcii, without thf Ituive 
 iinil ii),'aiiisl Ihc will of hit* otHici-. 'I'licy were no sooiici al thiir iiliimlcr than tln-y 
 WITT siirroiimliMl liy at U'ast ii huiiclicil French and Imliaiis. who in a few iiiinutcs 
 killcil cvt'iT one of tliiiii, ihcii liodit-M licing inaiiglcil in a fcaifiil nianiur." 
 
 It is <{uite certain tliat tlio British encanipiiiiMit was on the point 
 forming; tlu- north-east side of the " narrows," for it is knfiwn that its 
 occupants were dri\«'n from it hy tlie artiiU-ry of tlie fort, which could 
 not ha\e been the case if their camp had been liij,''ier up tlie river. On 
 the 25th, beiny unalile to remain then; any longer, they removed to a 
 position nearly opposite the foit, probably at some distance to the west- 
 ward of the present villag*' of (Jran\ille Ferry, l)Ut here they soon found 
 themselves as much, if not mrn-e, exposed to the j;uns of tiie fortress, and 
 Sul)ercase soon compelled them to retire from the position to one neaily 
 a mile farther west, which they did on the 2()th ; but e\ en lu^re they weie 
 not allowed to rest, for detachments of the French militia were sent across 
 the river to harass them and endeavour to force them to still farther 
 retreat. These tactics proved entirely successful, for after suHering 
 several casualties, they were compelled to retire to a point still nearer 
 to their ships. 
 
 This state of thin;,'s continued until the .'{Oth of Auj^ust, when the 
 P^nglish took to their vessels, leavinj; Granville in the undisputed posses- 
 sion of their adversary. The French governor saw in this movement 
 a change in tlu! design of the invading forces, and took immediate steps 
 to prevent its successful issue. The Baron de St. Castine was ordered 
 to ambush l")!) men in the forest, near the spot where they believed their 
 foe would land on the fort side, to I'enew their attack. St. Castine and 
 his party awaited the approach of the English in silence, and allowed 
 them to come \ery near before they discovered themselves at a given 
 signal, when they poured three several and successixe volleys of musketry 
 into the surprised enemy's ranks, doing so much flamage as to cause them 
 to retreat, after making a brave but short resistance. Subercase, being 
 informed of this success, sent Boularderie with 150 additional men to 
 reinforce St. Castine ; and soon after, leaving the fort under the command 
 of Bonaventure, he followed in person, with another I'einforcement of 
 120 men, thus having in hand 420 combatants with which to meet the 
 
MlSlnliV OK ANNAI'nl.lS. ').'{ 
 
 invaders. On lii>, arriMil iit tlic t'loiit lie saw the t'lioniy n'tirini^ tnwiird 
 their boats, lis it' to n','iiiri flu-ir Hliips, iiiiii onifrwl Moularcicnf to aiKaiicv 
 ami attaok tliciM. Miii'docli tluis iji'iipliirallv dt'scrilii's what follows; 
 
 "'I'IiIh iitlii'iT. Iiiii'iiini{ uitli iiii|iiit ii-ii>'i> In ••tigiigc liis (>|>|>niieiitN, niiiri'licil toD 
 fu«t, 1111*1 l)U|i$iin till) uttiick witli only HJxty or eighty of Iiih iiif>ii. Ho jiiiiipi'il into one 
 of tliL'ir fntHMU'liiui-eits, ciirrii-il it ami killnl soni(> of the KriKlinii. Kxciti-il \ty 
 IiIn tii'Ht H\i<:(:(!NH, III' iMMt liiniHcIf into a si'conil I'Mtiriiclinii'tit, wlirn In* I'd'civcil ii 
 Miiliru iMit in till* l>oily anil anotlici' in llio IlhhI. St. Caitini- ami Saillant took 
 his pliu'i' ; a sevnit" haml to-iianil nontlict with liatchflH anil thi' lniltomU of 
 iniinki'tH tnisuud, ami lh« enemy to the nunilHT of l,40<l or l,.")(M) nn'ii (as Htateil 
 hv Ciiarlevoix) retn-ati'il at least l.")(K( pares towanl their shallops. Meanwhile 
 some uf the Knnlisl\ otliiers, ashanieil of the retreat of their men hefure inferioi 
 ntinihers, rallioil them ami l>rou>;ht them l)iiek on the Krenili, u ho were then retiring 
 towanl the wooils,* lieiause St. Castine ami Saillant liail lioth lieeii womuleil. 
 The Freneh .seeing; tlie enemy <oniinn haek, fa< eil louiul Mul showed so miieli 
 resolution that the Kni^lish iliil not venture to eome to close ijuarteis, Imt tireil 
 several volleys at them ami withdrew a;;ain. Siihurease avaihtd liimself of this 
 opiMtrtiinity to withdraw his wounded, and rest his troops." 
 
 Urainger, u nativf inilitianiaii, was placed at the head of lioularderie's 
 hand to renew the attack, hut the Knglish had made tiieir final ell'ort ; 
 they lettinied to their ships, and lost no time in leaving the hasin. This 
 siege lasted fifteen days, and cost tlie Knglish (liy their own account) only 
 sixteen men killed and as many wounded ; while the assailed French 
 reported a loss of hut tiiree men killed, and a number wounded. Among 
 the latter was the brave De Saillant, who but six weeks before had been 
 married to Anne Mius de Poubomcoup, a descendant of the (.latour.s ; he 
 died of his wounds eight days after the departure of the English. 
 
 In reviewing the incidents and events connected with tlie double 
 attack of the Knglish colonists in 1707 upon the old Acadian ca|)ital, the 
 reader cannot but wonder at it.s want of success. In point of numbers 
 they were more than eipial to the French, and the men, when engaged, 
 behaved bravely and fought well ; yet, on both occasions, when victory 
 was on the point of being achieved, they were suddenly withdrawn to 
 their ships, with all the odium of ilisaster and defeat. This conduct can 
 only be accounted for by assuming that there were distractions in the 
 councils of their commanders, and a want of true leadership for the 
 soldiery. In the last expedition the laiuling of all their forces in (Jran- 
 ville was a great mistake on the part of Wainwright, and contributed 
 much toward the demoralization that is known to ha\ e existed among 
 his men. 
 
 We cannot, however, but admire the generalship of the French com- 
 mander, Subercase ; the management of his small force was admirable, 
 
 *Frotn this statement, I think the scene of these conflicts may he fixed at the 
 western extremity of the Diigas marsli. 
 
r)4 III.SI'OKV (II ANNAI'OI.IH. 
 
 iin<l III- wjis iililv <iii<l liriiM'lv s<-i-iiiii|imI liy t>)' Saillaiit, St. (-iiHlinc, anil 
 iJiiiilardriii', wliusr acd'itv ami \ i;,'ilaiii'i' wrri- ilrsiTV ili;< of all [iraiHi-. 
 'I'lii- |ii'isiniai coiira','!' anil caliii ili'ini'iiiiuiir cit' Siiliciiiisi- runt riluili'il 
 lai'^ji'lv IdwmiiI till- iri'iiliiiii ut an is/iri/ '/< inf/iK aiiiuii;^ liis iiirii ami 
 (idiri'is, wliirli ti'iiili'il liiilrli (u aMHiiir to liiiii tin- Miii'iirss In- ho wi'II 
 liiiTili'il, anil wliirli lias iiiailr liis (|i-l'i-tii'f hci ini'iiioi iiltlf. 
 
 I'lirri^ is a irlallnii <il I In- I'Vi'iils wliirli .illi'iiili'il iJiis i'.\|ii-ijil,ii)ii iluni- 
 liy iin I'yr wiliirss, wliirli is ut' su interesting; a rliaraitiM' iJiat. ('u|ii(iuH 
 fxirai'ls IVuiii it sliuiilil liml a [ilarc in lliis liistuiy, i's|iri'ia,l!y as I liclicvo 
 llial, licit lii-r llaliliiii't.un nur M iinlucli liail .ei-n it. I( will I lieii't'uie In- 
 cnl.iri'ly new tu uiir ii-iuIim's. It. is l,u Im- t'uiind in (In- aii;.ul)iu;;ra|)liy ut' 
 till! Kev. .lulin Itarniinl, wliu was liiirn at, I'mHtun in MiKl, ami wliu was 
 llii'ii'fure lAVDiity six years ut" iini- in 1707.* 
 
 " III I lii^ H|ii'iM^ lit I7<*7 I wiis u|i|iiiiiiti'il li\ (iiivi'iiiiii hiiilli'V mil! 'if the <'lin|i 
 liiiiiM 111 I liir III my wlinli Wiih hI!||I to I'm! I!i)\ iil (iiii« Aiiiiii|ii)Iim| In iimIiicc I Iml, (nil , 
 mill Willi ll Aiiulir, 111 .\iivii Siiiliii, to iiliiiliiin !■ In I In- ( 'i iiwii "il I'liif^litml, illiiirr 
 llir riiiiiiiiiiiiil lit (Jill. ■Iiiliii Miii'i'li, <if Ni'wiiiiiy, iiM (ii'iiiriil; liiiviii).i; iiiiili'i' liiiil 
 two ri';.MiiiriilM, till' tii'sl ii'il : ('iiluiinl, li'iamiH Wiiinwii^lil. ; lii'Ul,. I'lilniii'l, Siiiiiiii'l 
 A|i|ili'l/Oli, liiitli of l|mwiirli ; iiiiijnr, Mliitilnirli VValtdll, iif l'iHi'iil.ii4|iiii,, with iiiliir roiii- 
 |iailii-M ; l'ii|it, lloliiii'M, lit t.lir (•I'laiiiilii-i'H, of ISimt.oli ; IkI, ('ii|iI. (>ri(lli!y, of ItoHlmi ; 
 '2iiil, ('ii|il. |{iiyi-iiloii, of 'r<>pslii-lil ; ,'lri|, ('iipt.. ISiirrill, of I.yiiii; illi, ( \i|it. I'litiiiLiii, 
 of .ShIi'Iii ; Til ll, ( 'ii|il . Minili, of .Ni'wiiiiiv ; (1( li, ( Iiipl li'ii'i'iimii, of lliiiwiili ; 7lli, 
 ('n|il, Ki'iit.of Ni'wiiill V ; HI ll, (,'ii|il. Williaiiirtoii. 'I'lii' ot liri n-fjtiiiii'iil , tlirlillir: 
 ('oloiK'l, \\inllil'o|i llllloii, lit l'!\iiiiiiit ll ; lli'iil, I'oliiiH'l, Williiiiii U'liiitiiii, of Kliuilii 
 
 IhIiiIIiI ; liiiijiir, S|iiirr, of Dnnlirwlri ; iii|iImiii, OIih, of Siil iimI.i'. Till! 
 
 < iiiiHiilii-lH : IhI, (!apt. Nil IiiiIh, of l!i-iii|jii;j ; 'iiiil, (-'iipl. I' rot liiii^liiiiii, of ( 'liiillrH- 
 fdWii ; ;ImI, ( 'iipl,, 'rilcMloii, 111 Dunliihlii ; llli, Oiipl. Iliiiil, of Weyiiioiil ll ; filli, 
 (/'apt. 'I'iilliot, of 'I'liiiiiliiii ; iilli, I !apl , ( ,'iiok ; 7lli. I'npl. ( Miiiri'li, of |i'l'iri't.owii : witli 
 1 ,07<i Hiililii-iM iimli'i' t lii'iii. 'I'liri'i^ WI'II- livi- i^liaplaliiH to I III- iiriiiy , vi/.., .Mr. Diiiiirl 
 KpjiM, of Siili'iii ; .Mr. Saiiiiii'l .Mooily, of V'ork j .Mr. Haiiiiiil lliiiit., it iiii-iaiit, of 
 DiiiiHtalili! ; .Mr. .Inliii Kiiriiaril, it iiii't'iiiit iil Itimloii ; Mr. William Alliii, ll iiii^iaiil. 
 Ill (il'oiiliwicli. Till' lli'il roimisli'il lit till' /)i/ill'iii'/, iiiiiii of war, (,'apl, ( 'liarlrH 
 Ht iikrliy, of Till i^iiliN, "JHU iiii'ii : the prnviiici- (^allrv, ('ap'. ('ypiiaii Soul liaili , 'Jl 
 j;iilih, nil IIII'II ; I raiiHpoiiM, Sin-n .it, j<allry, 1 1»^ Hliiii-hliip, ( 'apt . I'llniii'/'r W'i'iil win I li, 
 14 K"'"^i -^ iM'ii ; /■'rii iiil-<lii/i, (,'ap(. .larvlN, I j/iiiih, III iiiiii ; I In- lliiiiiiiih niiil Mini/, 
 (lapt,. (Jallop; I III' /,'iiiii/ii//ili, (!apl. /aili, KowIk, )I iiii'Ii ; I lii' .|/»i/f»//, ( 'apt. 
 |)i!<!rin^, 10 null ; till' /'III iiil':lii/i, (!apl. Iwi. I'ViwIm, 11 iiiimi ; a liri)/, (lapl,. WiitrrH ; 
 Nioop.i, t III' IHiliiiiil mill Suriili, ( ,'apl.. ( 'an , 7 iin'ii ; I lin HiiIIihIiiIui, (/'apt. ( 'raiiHuii, 
 of lUloili' ImIiiiiiI, K ^iiiiH, 'i(i iiirii ; tin- Muri/ innl Aliii/nil, (Jiipl. Ni-Wlliiili, Ti iiii-ii ; 
 tlir III iirii llii , (!apl,. I'liillipi, (i liiiii ; I lir Mm//, ('apt. .Sailllili'l'M, Tt lliirii ; t,lli! Siim.ll 
 mill lliiiiiiiili, ('apt. VN'iiiHliy, 7 null ; tin' Itniiin /Ik, (!a|il. Siiiiiiiili, .""i iimri ; tlir 
 IIIIIII olwal'M li'iiili'i, ('apt. ( 'lllllllll;.;liaiil, ili-rkiil HJniip ; npcii Hlnnpi, ti'nili-IH, t III- 
 Slifi'111, ('iipl. Illllnii, "2 null ; llie ( 'liiiriti/, (jipl. Hill, 'J mill ; llir Ailriiitini, 
 ('apt. AlkiiiH, '2 IIII'II ; t lie S/niilnill, I'lipl, ('army, .'I iiirii ; ( lir Sunvn.i, ('apt. 
 (>ai'ilii<-r, •'< IIII'II ; Ilii- Hinliniiiiir, i'\v\t\ . I.nwi'll, I mill: alioiit fiO HailoiM, Ki'hIiIi'H 
 
 " Not iIIhi'iu riril liy tin' aiil lioi until alti^r liii^ pmiiliii)^ wiih wril.li'ii, it. 
 Ht roii|/ly roiitii iim I III' rniii'liiMiniiH jilHt rxpriKniil. I'lilkliian ni his " Half ( 'I'litliiy 
 ol ('oiidiil,' Vol. I.. pa),'i' \'M, ii'fi'iM to It. [Kli. I 
 
mSTdllV Ol ASNAI'ur.lS. iiit 
 
 tlii'KO llii'rt! will' (iiliiiirl l!i'i|luin|i, riij,Mlii'i r ; lioiiiliiinlii i'^ iiihI < aiiiKnirri h, 11 ; 
 Wiliiiilii I (iiilli\ , Sii ri-l/ii\ 1)1 Will ; <'ii|il. Lnwirmi- nml lun IiihIiim; iIih Ihim iiiiil 
 lliiil<iH, 7l ri'liiiiilHHiil ii'H, All Inn .li'lllirH iiiiil Iwii iimlri liiiii ; (irM iiiiii mIiiiIj<, 'J; 
 11,1'liKiiii'i'rH, \i; I III' ^I'lii'iiil H I i'iiiii|ii'li'i' iiiiij Ixiy, '•! ; hh lliiil llii' uliuli' miiiiiIu'I nl 
 
 folTtlH rilllHiHtril III Mllllllt I , l.lll llll'll. 
 
 " Till! (liii'liM'iitli iliiy III Mii> till' llii'l. I'lini" to Hitil, liy HiiiiriHH, In. in NinilaHlu'l 
 witli nil iiiiMy Hiiiilli wtmI. wi.iiI. In nm )iitimnf.'i' wi? iiii'l vvilli ri.iilnny uiiiilHniiil 
 riiliiiH. Miiy ITlli, II i"iiiii'il III win lii'lil nii liiiinil I hr l)i/i/)'iiiil oiiIitciI tJial ( hI. 
 A|i|>i<'l<iii mIhimIiI IiiihI nil (III- iidi I Ii Miili' I'diI Kuyiil I'-isKiii, Willi lii'< own iiiiii|iiniy 
 anil Major .S|iiiri'n, anil ('apl. 'riilliol 'm ami Itini ill '-, ciinl I'lil iiaiiiM ami II mil '.'<, ami 
 ()a|il. l''i'rrinan H i'iiln|iaiiy ol IniliaiiH iliii'lly, alionl llnii' Inniilinl imii ; wliilr llii' 
 
 I <riii'i'al mill llii' I'i'Mt III tlir loi ii'h, aliiiiil T'lO, >'lioalil laml on I lir mihiI li hiiIi'. 'I'Iii- 
 'Jill 1 1 ol Ma V \\r I a nil- lo amlini in I lir liH'aii, lamli'il our iiii'ii I lial all rr noun lirl uci'ii 
 loin ami li\i' o'llork, nmlri ( ol A|i|ili'loii, Willi wlioiii I wiih, on I lin iioilli mhIi'. 
 
 II liriiiK MO lull' en- W'l' lanili'il, w •■ roiilil not. icaiili l.lir plai'it iii' our ili'Mip^iii'il i'ni'aiii|i 
 iMCiil, lull, alli'i Hi'Vi-ral Iioiiih' liavi'l, |iiii'lly l.lirnii^^li Inili-oiih wooiIh ami lalli'ii Ihth 
 arroMH our w'a\, wliiili Moinrt inn'M wi' iliiiiliril ovii, at ollii'r liini'M i'n'|il. innli'i, al 
 li'ii^^lli WI aiilvi'il wlii'i'i' wi'i'i- luoor lliii'i' liuii'i'i ami liarii ', ami iil niiir al ni).;lil 
 look ii|i oiii i|narli'iH I liiTi'. 'I'lirri- alHo ( 'a|il . I'li'i'iiiaiMiml hri roiiipany ol Iiiiliami 
 who llaiil<i'il our li^lt iiM wi' iiiai llll'll aloii^, vim iiI'm liaii a Hliarp Hknnimli uilli 
 lolly or lilly P'ri-mli, laiiii' to iii willioiil tin' Iohm ol a iiiaii. 'I'lii- 'J7lli, I'arly ni 
 tins inorniii).; Iir^^an our inarili ; laiiii' to a ili'i'ji ).oilly wlii'ir w<i wiri' iiiiiImihIiiiI 
 liy alioiil hixly li'miili ; IohI two of our incii ; inari'liln^ a liltli- lurllii'r we. took 
 l\Mi |ii'JMoiiriH, mill by noon caiiii- In ii H|iot, wlnii' ur liviil oin i aiiiji, aliiioHl. iioit.li 
 
 III < tort, iit.tli- iiiori' than a iiiiiHki'l hIioI omiIIh' north rivri." Alioiit half an 
 lioi .itti'i ('ol. A|i|ilrloii lanili'il on thi' north, (ii'iiiral Manli Willi alioiil 7->t) nicii 
 lamli'il on tin' Hoiitli hIkui!, IiiiI. ho lar illHlalil frnlii tin' foil, liy iraNoli of t hr 
 wiml liliiwin^ in tlirii tri'tli, thai I lii'y wi'iiHonril loinranip that iil^'ht liy tlii' 
 ua\ I'laily lhi''.i7lh, m llir liioriiin;(, I lli-y -at, loiwaiil, w I'li' aiiil>UHln'i| (al a plarii 
 lalh'il Alli-iiH ( 'iiti'k ) hy tin' Kii'mh (iovi'inor, Snlii-i ras, with iiraily lliirr hiinilii'il 
 iiirii, who lay hill in tin- llink IiiiihIi on t hr ol lirr hIiIi! of Ihriri'i'k. Our ariiiy 
 iiiaMlii'il Willi IrnniprlH Hoiinilin){, iliiinm la'alili).; ami ioIumih llyin|/, on upon t In- 
 iiiaiHli ImIvm'i'Ii I Iii'Iii ami I hi' iriik ; ^^tl\l^ llnri' Ini/./.a.H. 'I'liin I In' rni'iiiy iIIn 
 
 I har^ril, from I lull iioviit, I Inn wholly volley npiiii oiir iiakiil iinn. Our liiiili 
 pii'HHi'il fiiiwaril, ami afli-r a warm iliiipnli' tin' iniiiiy ret icali'il up a hill wliii^h 
 lay lii'liiml llirni. Oin iiicii paHHiil I In- ni'i'k ami aHii'inlril I hr hill attii llirin, I hr 
 I'lii'iny .ill llii' winh' liiiii^ liiiHkly upon Ihi'in nil ur lunl i^'aini'il pii'Ms iirar ihiiii, 
 anil llll'll l.liry tiirni'il tliiii liinkx ami llnl ilou n I In- ot liri .Miilr ol [\\: hill to llir 
 hint. It\ all till' till' friiin tin' ainlniHli, ami whili' wi- wi'ii' )^ainin^ thr hill, whnh 
 IilmIi'iI .iIiovi' an hoiii\ lliroii;/li ilivini' lavoi we \<»A. not. ho milili as om- man, ami 
 liail lint livi' imii wonmli'il. Oiil army wan Ion inmli fat i).oii'il to piiiHiii' t lii'iii lo 
 III!' loll, hill. I'lii'iiinpi'il in Hiiiiiu hniiHi'H at. tlntfnnl of tin- hill ; urt a Mtronjj; ^iianl 
 mar I hr fort. In prevent any HiirpiiMi'. 
 
 " |{y Moiiii' ili'Hi'rli'iM who I'anii' lioni tlw tort to iih, wr Irarmil that llnii' wrir 
 ilioiil li\r hnmlii'il llll'll in tin' hut, ami 'J'2(l woimn ami rlnlilnii, w hull ii'mliiiil 
 il liki'ly, t liiil upon a h^w IioiiiIih llirown into t hi' hiil , t hr ri icH of I lii'ir wivrn ami 
 iliililii'ii woiilil olili^i' tlii'in lo Hnrri'mh'i. 'I'lir aililli'iy Ihirihni' wrii' onlrri'il np 
 to iiH. Hi'ilknap proiniHril to hi'i> tliciii .sinl iii'Xt ilay, lint mini' rami'. Upon inipnry 
 It wiiH foiiiiil thai till' rngini'i'i' ami laptiijn ol I he niaii of war iiml piovlnri' ^alli>y 
 
 " '{'III' rivi'i miilhuanl h-iim tin' fori. 
 
5() lllsroKV OK ANN'AI'OI.IS. 
 
 ImcI ii^'ii'i'd III t lii'ji Mint iiMi'iit s llinl it Wiis iiiiii'iilly iiii|iiisMilili' III Mi'iiil I In- in I illi i y 
 ii|) III IIS, \(liirli iiiiisl |>,'iHS williiii I'liiiiiiiiiiiil (if I III' I'lirt. 
 
 " Miiy .'Usl. A riiiinrjl nf wur wiim lii'lil, in wliiili it \\n~i milia|i|)ily aurciMl iinl 
 til sttiy III lii'i'iik ^I'liiiiiil ; liiit WHS ilissrnti'il In liy Oiil. A|i|ili'tiiii, < '|||>I, Otis iiiiil 
 Hiiyriiliili. Till' ii'iiMOiis ^iviii \M'ri' I III- lull iiiiiiililril foily-lwii ^{iiris, siiiiir nf 
 M({'|)iitiiiili'is, li\i' liiiMiiml tiii'ii ill It, mil iiii'ii iiiiiici|iiiiint(vl with iittai'kiiiK iifnrt, 
 jiml nil |'rns|ii'il nf jji'ttinj; iip I lir iiitillriy ; ami I licrcfnii' I lin army sliniilil di'i'iiinii, 
 anil i;o In Minis ami SiMnimiM I u ami liy what IIii'V I'liiilil <lii IIiiti'. I>iit lu'fiiii' 
 lliry ilriain|iril tlii'V rimrlililiil iiy llii' im)\ riiiriil nf (nl. Ililtnii ami liiavi' *( 'nl. 
 Wanliin In liiiin tlir cliiiicli, till- slini'liiiusi'. ami all tin- Imiisi's clnsi' liy I hi' iini t li 
 liastinii nf I 111' fnrl. 
 
 " WIk'II (ill. A|i|ili'liin wi'iil nvi'i In Cnl. Maich's r.ini|i, lii' tnnk |||(! iilnii^ witli 
 liiiii. Aftrr I III' iMinniil nf war wasnvi'i, (irniMiil Miii'cli nii'Clin^ iim, tnnk ini' MHiilo 
 anil sail! In iiir, 'Don't ynil sini'll a i ill '.' " I, ulin knew lint wliat lir iiiti'iiiltMl, 
 aiiswi'ii'il, ' Nn, sir.' ' Why,' sail I lir, ' (,'nl. A|i|ilrtiin is fur Htayin)» In liifiik >;rniiinl 
 nnly In havr his «aj;i's incri'iisril.' 1 saiil, ' .Sii, I alii a stiaiiKi'i' In ('nl. A|)|ili'lnli'M 
 inlt'ntiniiH ami ilrsij^ns ' Hi' thru saiil In nii' (sniiirwhal roughly), ' I have h<nir<l 
 ymi shniilil say till' aitilli'iy nii^'hl hi' liiniij^ht ' — imil imh'i'il I hiul saiil sn In (%il, 
 A|)|)h'lnn, ami |irnjrrli'il a safr iiii'thnil fur il anil I saiil In him, 'Sir, I think it 
 niiiy.' ' Well, thru,' siiiil hr, ' if il shnnlil he at li'iiipli'il, ymi shall hi' niii' that shall 
 luilig it lip.' I I'rplii'il, 'Sii-, tliitl is nnt my hiisiiirsM, as ynii wnjl klinw ; hnwi'Vci-, 
 if it will hi' nf piihlii; sci'vii'c, iiml ynii please In enmiiiaml me Ui it,, I will leiiilily 
 ventmi' myself in it, ami Iiml a way tn iln it.' 'Very well,' saiil he. f then Innk 
 the oppnrliinily nf hein^ alone with him, ami saiil, ' Sir. will ynii please In ^ive 
 nie leave In nhserve snme things tn ynii, in whieli il seems In me ymi are greatly 
 ennierneil '.' ' He replieil, 'Yes, sir.' I then saiil. •.Sir, ynii are peifeetly well 
 ai'i|ii.'iiiilei| with the ilesi^^n ynil eame hither iipnn ; ymi knnw hnw iniirh the 
 welfare nf ymir eniinti'v anil ymir nw n hniinnr lays at slake. I am afraiil snme 
 yon are eniinei'leil with are nnt .sn iiineli inneerneil fnr either nf them as I rniilil 
 wish. I lieseeili ynii, sir. In eniiHiilur, if ynn return with the forces (snmewhal nf 
 wlinse vigour ami liravciy ynii have seen) wit liniil lining; anythinj^ further, whether 
 all the fault will nnt hti thrown ii|ion yon a.s the heail nf all ';' As fnr those geiitit!- 
 men, wlin seem In me tn oppose your measures, they will feel little or tiothin){, while 
 1 fear your name ami hnnmir will he espuseil in sinh a manner as I shall lie exieeil- 
 iiil{ly Hoiiy to hear nf.' He lisleiieil In me, hii^K'''' "i'' i" ''i>^ arms, ami Ihankeil 
 me ; anil saiil he w milil immeiliately call aiml her luliliiil. He iliil sn ; ami einplnyeil 
 my haiiil in writing letters In the ).;i'iil lemeii that were nn linanl the vessels. 
 
 " iliini' ;{ril. 'I'll!' ( 'numil sal , ami then inniilmleil In stay, ^et up the artillery, 
 ami attaek the fnrl. 'I'he ne\l iliiy I went mi linanl mir ship In net me siieli 
 aiemnmnilatinns as I wauteil, eoiiilmlin^ we shoulil remain here at least a mouth 
 longer. Hut In 1 I was sailly ilisappninteil ami siiipriseil hy the cninmissaiy'^* 
 knnrkiii^ at the ealiin ilnor, liefme sunrise, anil infnrmiu^ me the army was inme 
 ilnwii in nnler In eniliark. I''nr it seems they helil annlhei rniiueil ill the eveiiiiin, 
 ami enneliiih'il tn liiirn the hniises anil mareli In the Heel, ami they iliil sn : anil 
 upon •liiiK! r>t h the w linle army eiiiharkeil. 
 
 " While we lay at I'nit Koyal, I experieneoil sij^nal ileliveranees ; one, as I was 
 crossing; over the river tn the (Jeneral's eamii, the fnrl lireil a eiiiinon at me, the hall 
 of which slriiek pretty near tnthe eiiiiiK!. The ntlier was, in nnler tn lake a plan 
 of the fort, anil aM'iiues tn il, I marelieil alone, well dresseil, with a lai^e pistnl 
 Btuek in my ginlle, ami pen, ink ami paper in my haiiclM, I marched till I came , 
 
 "William Wantnu, Imrn I(17'>, was < iovernor of Rhoile Islaml in \~'.i'2, ilieil \TXi. 
 LK'>.J 
 
iriSTOIiV OK ANNAPOLrS. 57 
 
 In llii' i'[ilriilii:i' of a Htnii^lil, iiairii» l.irir liiuliri^' to llii' tuil,, it iiihv lie iiini" IIi.mi 
 II iiiiiHki'l slidt nil'. Till' Kii'iM'li, Hii|i|iiiHiiii{ iiir III 1)1^ till' lui^iniMT, liii'il n i.-iiiiiiiii 
 ill nil', Ilii- lull! of wliiitli Hli-iicli llir KriMiMil hd iii-iir iiii>, n lillli- In llii- liyiil, in 
 IliiiiW HdiiK^ dill. ii|inii nil'. I llioii^^iil willi inywulf, llmt I Imil no IdiH'nrHH liriti, 
 iiliil idliealc.il NJowly luirkHiinl niil nf ijiiiiyr; jiihI, lliiiiik (Jnii, I cxiiiiii'il what was 
 ilcHi^noil ai;iiiiiMl mi'. 
 
 " 'I'lic lli'i'l Hailril iiway, having; si'iil away a pai-Urt In I In' < ;n\ii iini', .unl June 
 ."illi, lainc 1(1 aiirlini In I lir h|iih Ions liarlimir of Ca.sin Itay. Wiiilcwi' lay llii'ii', 
 li'ltiTK railic fliilll till' (Invi'irini In ( liiirial Maiili, niiliTiiin liJMi al liis pi'lil In 
 rrliirn 111 I'nrI llnyiil, nnd ti'iliii^i liini llii' < invi'iniiiiiil witi- rai-iiin fnrri's tn sithI 
 In iiH. 
 
 " .Inly 7t.li. Ai'i'ivi'il to IIH III ('iiHco Hay till' /{iilli, fijj^ali' nf I wi-nly four ;;iiiis, 
 ('a|il. Allien, i:iiiniiiaiiili'r, anil two rotii|ianirH, Oapl. I'lpliiaiiii Savii^i- w itii lii.s lifly 
 liirli, anil Capl. jiurkininstiM', willi liJH llfty iiioii, wliir.li iliil mil noar make ii|> th<! 
 liillillii'r nf mil' ili'srili'iM Hiiiei' we lay al ("aHin. With them alsn e.ime three j;entle- 
 men, (yol. KliNJia llnlihiriHnii, (,'ol. I'eiin 'rnwiislienil ami Mr. .John Leveiett , and 
 llie Ueverenil .Mi-. Hiiil^^'e, their eha|>laiii. 'I'lie saiil t liree gent leineli were (lojiutioH 
 from the (■overnineiit uiiil Mn|ierinleiiiling iiiiin.m'llni m In (ieiieral Mareli, witlioiit 
 w liiiNe ailviee he waH In ilo nolliill^. 
 
 "•filly I nil. A iiiinilier of linat.sueni out this moi'iiiiig to ealeh loliHteis ami 
 plaiee aiiiniig the i.HlnnilH, wliieh lire iiiiiiiy. I went aiiiniig tlu; ri-Hl . One of the 
 hniilH went near to the Hliore of one iHlanil, and we, who were next to them, were 
 siidiii'iily alariiied with theliriniiof aliniil twenty small ariiiM, and lookinj^ In tlii! 
 iHhind whence the noise eaiiie, we saw alioiit forty of the Indiaim sealpiiif.' three of 
 I lie men ; the other two men that were in lli« hout they took priHoiieiM. W'e were 
 so near In the enemy that their shut would have leaihed us ; Init they all immedi- 
 iilely lielook IheriiHelveH to their laiines (liiiii;,' alioul 150 that lay hiil in the l)Usll(^s), 
 and paddled away for life. The army took the alairn, and in a h'W ininiileH the 
 ships' hoiils, with .several hundred men, ami (leneral Mareh at the head of them, 
 were upon the full ehase after Hie Indians, liul eoiild not eome up with them. 
 
 ".Inly 'i4lli. An express from His I'lxielleney to the three eoinrnissioners, 
 urderirij^ the foreeH to Hiiil for I'ort Royal ; hut the mutinous dispoHitinn of tli<! 
 iiieii. too miieli ene<)lil'ii);ei( liy oltieers, with the jealollHies ami liiekeringH of the 
 lield nlliiers (exeeptiiig Col. Hilton and (Jul. Wantnli) among themselves, forehoded 
 no gnnd liy gning. 
 
 ".Illly 25tli. The Heel lame tn sail. Upnii nlir passage, (ieneial .\liiieh told 
 nil' (upon a signal made hy the inanof war to hear away fnr l'assamai|undily I5ay, 
 ;iMd my asking him where we were hound), he 'knew not hing of t he ni.itler, nor 
 nt nur eoining In sail, nor where we were hniind ; the three ciiinmissionerH, instead 
 of heiiig a eoiineil to him, did what they pleased, gave him I heir positive orders, 
 H hieli he should always ohey. 
 
 ".'{nth duly. ( 'ame to aiiehor in I'assamaipioddy w it h a line nnrt h west wind, 
 w hiili we lost. 
 
 "So far my jniirnal goes, wliuli I have made some short extracts fiom. I shall 
 only add what I well rnmemher. We went to I'ort Koyal, landed in an orchard,' 
 were amliiished, and lost alioiit fourteen men, diove the enemy lielore us, returned to 
 llie nreharil, spent ii few days there, anil then eiiiharkeil our Mien ; Itiit aliout 110 
 men nf the h'rench, innstly privateers, with their captain at their head (who arrived 
 in nur aliseiiee), came and lay liiil in the thicket of the woods ami underlirusli, just 
 w ithout a log fenee, where Cii|»t. Talhot with forty men were placed a» ii guard, 
 
 \N'here was this orchard '! 
 
58 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 and observed till (uii- men were mostly emlmi'ked iind the boats ashore for the last 
 freight, and ('a])t. Talbot called off from the guard, and tiien they broke in npon the 
 orchard, where weieonly some of the oHicers, beside Tallxit's gu.- id and a few others, 
 with myself, and poured in their shot upon us and killed us seven men. I had a 
 shot brushed my wig, and was mercifully pi'eserve<]. A few boat-loads of men 
 going off' iunne<liately returned, and we soon drove them out of the orchard, killed 
 a few of them, desperately wounded the privateer ca))taiii, anil after that we all 
 embarked and retuiiied for Boston as fast as we could. When we came home, 
 the tJeneral found it to be sadly true, what 1 suggested to him at Poi't Royal. 
 Not oidy was be reprimanded and slighted by the (ioverument, but despised and 
 insulted as he walked the streets by the populace ; the veiy children, at the sight of 
 liim, crying out, ' Wootlen swords I' Though in himself a valiant man, yet I think 
 his capacity was below the post he sustained." 
 
 Early in 170'S the Loiri', a French man-of-war, arrived at Port Uoyal, 
 but .site brought no goods tor tlie use ot" the inhabitants, who appear to 
 have been in want of iron and earthenware.s. During the summer, 
 Hubercase built a bomb-proof powder magazine, capable of iiolding a large 
 quantity of powder, and a large building, part of which was to be used 
 as a chapel, and pait as lodgings for the almoner, the surgeon and Des 
 Goutins. The barracks were finished at this time also. In one of his 
 despatches to the French minister, he tells him : 
 
 "The land is good and fertile, ami produces everything tliat France does 
 except oh'rts. There is abundance of grain and an inexhaustible sujiply of wood 
 of all sizes for buihling. All along the coast are tine haibours, easy of entrance. 
 The people here are excellent workmen witli the axe and tlie adze.'' 
 
 Very considerable damage was done to the English colonists of Boston 
 and elsewhere by French privateers during the eaily summer of 1709. 
 One Morpain, who was present and assisted in the defence of Port Royal 
 in 1707, commanded one of these, and succeeded in capturing a coast- 
 guard ship, which had been sent from Massachusetts Bay for the purpose 
 of making a prize of him. Morpain brought his juize to Port Royal. 
 The fight which preceded this event, and which resulted so badly for the 
 English, seems to have been a very severe one. It is said that while 
 the Frenchman had only five killed and less than a dozen wounded, the 
 loss of the former amounted 'o one hundred men, the captain being 
 among the killed. Many captuios of colonial vessels liad been made by 
 Morpain a few weeks previous to this aflFair. The commander of another 
 privateer was about the same time shot dead in the streets of the town 
 by a soldier whom he had insulted some time l)efore. The soldier was 
 tried by court-martial for the crime, convicted and executed. In relation 
 to the suc' s of the French corsnirK, Wubercase informs his Government 
 that " they (the corsuirs) have desolated Boston, having captured and 
 destroyed thirty-five vessels." No less than 470 prisoners had been 
 made from the English by the French during 1709, and were sent to 
 
HISTORY (»K ANNAPOLIS. ')!J 
 
 New Enj^lainl heforo tlie winter set in. 'rowjucl the end of this year 
 Suborease ordtu-ed the inhabitants to "cut down the svoods wliich were 
 too near us on both sides of the I'iver." Of tiiese ])eoj)le lie observes : 
 
 " Tliey liiive iikhh.' facililii's tliiin aiiv |u'i)|)lo in the worM — flux aiiil liiiiii> 
 growing there almost to a iimi'vi'l. I look ii))on tliciii, and llicy arc I'ually tlii^ most 
 lia|)]iy pt'0])le upon thu carlli. Tlifv arc « liolly relieved of tlie iiiiveliiefs wliicli the 
 Knghsli intlicti'd on Uieiii two years aj;o. 
 
 The precaution, named in the first (|uotatioii, seems to liav(^ l)een tai<en 
 on account of tlie rumour which had reached the fort tiiat urgent efforts 
 were btung made in Massacliusetts for the rechiction of French ])ower in 
 Acadie by tlie eaj)tui-e and eon<|Uest of Fori l{oyal in tiie coming year ; 
 nor was the rumour ill-founded. 
 
 Colonel Francis Nicholson,* who had, even at this date, an exten 
 sive experience as a colonial governor, and who was therefore well 
 accjuainted with colonial affairs, was the leading spirit of the enter- 
 prise which was henceforth to make the year 1710 remarkable in the 
 annals of this province. Colonel Vetch, who had assisted Nicholson 
 while in England to impress upon the British Government the neces- 
 sity of renewing the endeavoui- to wrest from the J'^-ench Crown its 
 colonies in North America, came o\ei' to Boston in May, 1710. 
 Nicholson, who had obtained assistance in England, arrived a little 
 hater in the season in H.M.S. Drmjoh, which was accompanied by the 
 Falmouth and two smaller vessels. These were to be added to a 
 squadron to be provided by New England. Besides these H.M.S. 
 Chester, Leostn(fe and Fevertiliam, already on this station, were ordered to 
 join the expedition. The transports were furnished by Massachusetts, 
 Connecticut, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and they were twenty- 
 four in number, which, with those before named and some others, made 
 a grand total of thirty-six vessels connected with the expedition, which 
 was placed under the command of Nicholson, with Vetch as adjutant- 
 general. The military portion of the armament consisted of one regiment 
 of marines, two regiments from Massachusetts, one from Connecticut, 
 and one fioin New Hampshire and Rhode Island. The grenadiers of 
 the New Hampshire regiment were commatided by Paul Mascarene, a 
 gentleman whose name, from this time for nearly half a century after- 
 wards, is to l)e continuously and honourably connected with the history 
 of this province. The expedition sailed from Nantasket, in ^Nlassa- 
 chusetts Bay, on the 18th September, and six days afterwards it safely 
 
 * Born in Kngland ; Lieutenant-itovcrnor of New ^'ol'k under Anilros, l(i87-8!t : 
 (Jovcnior of Virginia I(J!»0-<»2, and i(i<t!tI70r) ; and of Maryland It)i)4-95t. Aftei' 
 serving as (iovernor of Xova Seotia he was knighted in 17-0, and was Governor 
 of South Carolina in 17'21'2."), and died in 17-8. — jKi). | 
 
60 IIISTOUV UK ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 outfrod the lower basin of Port Royal, wlieiv it remained until after the 
 first d.'iy of Octobei'. Two days later Nicliolson sent the foUowini^ 
 sunnnons to Suhercase: 
 
 " \fi\\ are licic liy re(|iiirfil uiiil ciiimiiiinclrd to di'liver u|) t(i ine ti>f till' </iit'en of 
 (treat Riitniii tlie fort at ))rL'ai'nt uiidtT yo\if cdiitrdl, wliich hy riglil bi'loiigs to Her 
 saiil Maji'sty, logetliri w^tli all tilt- territorie.H wliicli arc under yoiii' coiimianil liy 
 virtue of the undoulted light of her royal prcilcii'ssois, and also with all the guns, 
 nu>rtars, niaga/incH of wai', and troops likewise under your eomniand, otherwise 1 
 shall exert myself with diligence to reduee tlieni hy force of Her Majesty's arms. 
 
 " Given under my han<l and seal-at-arnis. the tiiiid day of Oetol)er, in the ninth 
 
 year of the reign of our Sovereign I>ady (>>ueen Anne, liy the grace of God, of Great 
 
 liritain, France and Ireland, defender of the Faith, anD0(|ue Domini, 1710. 
 
 " (•*^ig'ied), F. .1. NieiioLsoN. 
 
 "Oetol.er.Srd, 1710. " 
 
 This suniuions was sent while the fleet was still in the lower basin, and 
 it was not till the Htli tiiat it came to anchor a little below the fort. On 
 the next day the troops were landed — tlie major part of them on the 
 south side the river, and tiie remainder on the (xranville or nortli side, a.s 
 liad been done by March m the first .siege in 1707. The condition of the 
 fort and the feelinj^s of its defenders, especially of tlie militia, made the 
 defence a subj^ot of uneasiness to Subercase. The conduct of France 
 toward its subjects in tliis place had always been unwise and impolitic, 
 and since the sie<(e so recently raised no supplies had arrived at Port 
 lioyal, thou<{h tlie 'iolony then stood in sore need of them. Durinji; the 
 three years sine*' that event everythin;; which reached tliem liad been 
 taken from tiie enemy by the activity and darinj,' of the privateer.s who 
 appear to have nuide this part of Acailie tiieir headijuarters. Tlie almost 
 studied neirlect with which the colonial inhabit mts were continually 
 treated by their countrymen at home, had, in s( me measure, alienated 
 their aft'ectifms from the French monarch, while the comparativt; cheapness 
 of English gootls acted as a bribe to their cupidity, and led them to view 
 a coiKjuest as not the greatest calaniity that could befall them. Even the 
 supply of clothing to the garrison wa.s dealt out with a niggardly parsi- 
 mony, or entirely withheld, and no one knew better than Subercase 
 the feelings which animated the people around him, in conse(|uence of 
 these things : indeetl, it may be fairly said that his only object on this 
 trying occasion was to oVitain as favourable terms as possibh^ from his 
 formiihible enemy. 
 
 Nicholson having summoned the garrison to surrender did not long 
 remain idle, but as we have seen innnetliately landed liis forces and pre- 
 pared for an attack. He had determined if possible to assail the fort on 
 the two .sides at tiie same time. The portion of his forces which had been 
 landed in CJranville, were to proceed to a point above the town to be 
 transported thence to the opposite shore, where they would be enabled 
 
HISTORY OF ANXAl'OT-rs. 01 
 
 to appi'oauli tilt! fort toward its tiastcrn j^laci.s, wliilc tliose wlio luul 
 landed on tlic^ Clcnicnts slioi-o should prorccd to invest it on tlic western 
 and soutliei'ii sides, and it is (juite certain tliis plan was carried into 
 operation. Murdoch (\'ol. I., p. 31."?) says: 
 
 "There is a tiii<liti<(ii tliat Nicliolsoii passeil liis trmipxlty iiij,'lit in small \ussels 
 by tlie fort, ami round Hof,' Island, up the nairow jiart of the tivei', landiu;; some- 
 where in tl:o rear of the .spot where the late .Judge Thonuis Kitchii's mansion 
 is huilt, and gnidually made his approaches in front of the site of the court-house of 
 Ainiapolis. " 
 
 r think there is every reason to helieve tliat tlie artillery and part ot' 
 the men were so conveyed, and that the boats used for that purpose were 
 afterwards enaployed to bring over the (Jranv ille detachment. An attack 
 made from the south-west, on the Gth, lia\ inj; been ie})elled with loss to 
 the besief^ers, they, on the ne.xt day, followed the western bank of Allain's 
 (now Lecpiille) river upwards to what was long afterwards — in fact, even 
 to this day — called the "General's liridge," where they crossed the stream 
 without opposition, and were thus abl»> to reach the fort from the south, 
 and unite their operations with those of their bretlu-en, wlio had alicady 
 landed on the south-eastern side. This nian<eu\ re was covered by a can- 
 nonade from the north and west — the river side of the fort — from tlie 
 vessels which were anchored there. While the cannonmle from this 
 quarter continued, the remaining artilieiy and amnuniition of the English 
 were successfully .sent through tiie narrows to the camp already foi'med 
 in that direction, or to speak more correctly, winch was then being formed. 
 
 On the 8th Subercase ordered a violent cannonade upon this camp, 
 with the innnediate object of preventing them from erecting l)atteries, and 
 he was so successful that they were obliged to abandon their intention 
 for tlie time, and to select another spot for that purpose. The French 
 artillery continued to throw bombs and other missiles into the English 
 camp during the earlier part of the 9tli, but ceased in the afternoon owing 
 to heavy rain. On this day some of the English ships approached the 
 town and bombarded the fort, discharging forty-two bombs of two hun- 
 dred pounds' weight, but without serious effect upon the besieged, who 
 endeavoured in return to bombard tlie ships, but faile<l through the 
 bursting of their mortars. 
 
 On the lOtli of October, having enlarged their batteries and more 
 thoroughly entrenched themselves, the English renewed the bombard- 
 ment, and continued it during the night of that day and the morning of 
 the next. During the night several soldiers and about fifty of the 
 inhabitants deserted from the French, and Charles Latour was wounded 
 by a fragment of one of the bomb-shells which exploded in the fort, into 
 which it had been thrown from one of the invaders' b.atteries. On the 
 11th the inhabitants petitioned iSubercase to ask for terms, alleging if 
 
68 IIISTOKV OV ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 tlif jdaco was licld iiiiy loiiy*'!' fiyaiiist tlu' enemy iii> (|iiiirtci' would ))0 
 liivcii tlit'in. 'J'lie Kiij^lisli hattciics, on llu' llMli, li.ul liccn J)um1h'<I for- 
 waril to a point svitliin a \<'rv sli(»it distance of tlic works of tlic iK'sic^fcd, 
 and a furious cannonad*' was coninienced, w liicli, for a time, was as hotly 
 returned 1>\ ili'' French, hut the (i(»\t'rnoi' finding' tliat th») spirit of the 
 ifarrisoii was conipiclcly ln'okcn, and tliat further eU'ort couhl not h>n<( 
 pre\i,'nt the f(^i't hcinj,' taken l»y assauH, sent an ollieer to Nicliolson to 
 j)ropos(' .1 capitulation. The terms of surrender were soon agreed upon 
 etucen the parties, and the fort was delivei'ed up to the En<^lish on the 
 l<)th, when the i^ai'rison, to the nuniher of over two hundred men, were 
 found to ha\(' heen reduced to a miseral)le condition, liein;; left without 
 either food or clothini^. So <;reat was the scarcity of provisions tliat the 
 Dritish comman<ler found it necessary to disti'ihute food from his own 
 stores to the starviui; sull'erers. h'our hundred and eighty pei'sons, 
 includin>{ the garrison, were afterwards shi[»ped to Koehelle, in France, 
 in accordance with the terms of capitulation. By another clause in the 
 terms it was agreed, " that the inhabitants within cannon-shot of the fort 
 should remain upon their estates, with their corn, catth;, anil furtnture, 
 during two years, in case they are not desirous to go before — they taking 
 the oath of allegiance and fidelity to Her sacred Majesty oi Great 
 Britain : " and, by a memorandum appended, it was stated and agreed 
 that a "cannon-shot " should be held to be eijual to a distance of thnie 
 English miles in all directions from the fort. This district was known as 
 the fjandeni;* and was cjuite populous. Thus, for the sixth time, Port 
 Koyal, 10.') years after its foundation, became by conijuest a possession 
 of the i'<nglish Crown, but not, as ever before, to pass from its rule 
 again either by treaty ot conquest. 
 
 * Kfcni'li woril for tlic " iiut.skirts " of i\ ))Iace. — [Kd.] 
 
V - 
 
GENERAL NICHOLSONS PLi 
 
-AN OF THE FORT IN 1710. 
 
CHAPIVER V. 
 
 1710-1732. 
 
 Vetch the first English (iovernnr — Acatlians complain of liis treatment of thorn — 
 Seek aid from the Governor of Canada to leave- Bloody Creek — Nicholson 
 Governor — Queen Anne's letter — Census of 1714 — I'liillipps Governor — 
 Council appointed — Mascarene's description of the town — Attacks by Indians 
 — Civil court established — A clerical scandal — Treaty with the Indians — 
 Armstrong Lieut. -Governor — Uoucet's <leath —French take qualified oath — 
 Commission of the Peace — Cosby Lieut. -Governor — Phillipp.s' return to the 
 seat of Government — Again leaves — Armstrong Lieut. -Governor — Land 
 grants. 
 
 IN 1711, the French inhabitants of the Annapolis valley sent a letter 
 to the Governor of Canada (Vaudreuil), praying him to commiserate 
 their condition and furnish them with the means of leaving the country. 
 In this document they complain of Governor Vetch, saying that he 
 " treats them like negroes," and that he asserts that they should be 
 grateful that he did not treat them worse. Provisions being scarce, Mr. 
 Capon, the commissary of the fort, with five or six friendly French, went 
 up the river about nine miles to arrange for a supply, and while in the 
 house of one Le Blanc he was made prisoner by an armed party and 
 carried some distance, but Le Blanc followed and redeemed him with his 
 own money. One Sunday morning A'^etch sent up the river a force of 
 fifty men under Captain Abercrombie, who arrested the cure, Father 
 Justinien, and four of the principal inhabitants and brought them to the 
 fort; where the Governor told them they should remain in custody until 
 the people delivered up the abductors ; and shortly after went to Boston, 
 taking the cure and an Indian with him as hostages. The town does not 
 appear to have been deficient in the means of punishment by way of 
 imprisonment, as the Governor confined Louis Allain and his son in a 
 dungeon, where he put them in irons. They were charged with encourag- 
 ing desertion among the troops of the garrison, which then consisted of 
 five hundred men, some of whom were regulars, and others New England 
 volunteers. Murdoch (Vol. I., p. 323), says : 
 
 "It is stated that of this number more than three hundred and forty had died 
 of sickness and in sorties up to the first day of Juno, 1711, that is, withiu seven 
 months of the surrender of the place." 
 
64 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Christopher Cahouet descrilies the condition of tlie fort at tliin perio*! 
 as bein;,' anythinj,' but good ; it was in a " tumble-down " state and tlie 
 English had repaired the breaches in the walls by means of chi'i'ini.i-ilf- 
 frise and stockades only. He also informed his French master that the 
 inhabitants and Indians, to the number of five or six hundred, meditat«'fl 
 an attack upon it at an early tlay. 
 
 It was during this year that a massacre occurred, which has given a 
 name to one of the tributaries of the Annapolis Hiver, which it still beais. 
 I refer to the " Bloofly Crer-k " brook, near Bridgetown. Such of the 
 French in this locality as were willing to supply wood and timbei- for the 
 fort were luirassed and prevented by the Indians, incited to ever-recur- 
 ring acts of hostility to the English by Gaulin, a missionary priest. Men 
 cutting wood were sometimes shot by enemies in ambush, and rafts were 
 often cut adrift. To guard the inhabitants thus employed from such 
 molestations, and show the Indians that the French were performing 
 such services under compulsion, as well as to overawe the unruly among 
 the latter, the Governor, at the reejuest of Major Forbes, the engineer, 
 sent an expedition of eighty men, the elite of the garrison, up the river in 
 two tlat-boats and one whale-boat, under command of Captain Pidgeon. 
 Haviiig lost a tide on the way, the Indians got news of their approach, 
 and not anticipating danger, the whale-boat was nearly a mile ahead of 
 the others, when its occupants were surprised by a party of Indians con- 
 cealed in the woods, which everywhere then lined the banks of the 
 stream. They had reachetl the mouth of the creek in safety, and were 
 proceeding up tne winding channel when the attack was made. It is 
 probable that the Indians allowed them to pass quietly up to the head of 
 the tide and to effect a partial landing, before they discovered themselves 
 by making their murderous onslaught. This seems the more certain, 
 because tradition points to a spot on the left bank of the stream, and 
 a little to the southward of the present highway, as the scene of tliis 
 disaster. The men in the other boats, hastening at the sound of firing 
 to the help of their comrades, were speedily caught in the same ambush. 
 Thirty of the English were killed and the remainder made prisoners, 
 although the attacking party consisted of only forty-two men. The fort 
 major and the engineer, and all the boats' crews were killed, and two 
 captains, two lieutenants and an ensign, with the remainder of the 
 soldiers, were compelled to surrender at discretion. 
 
 The immediate effect of this aflFair was to encourage the French and 
 their Indian allies to carry out their design of attempting to recover the 
 possession of Port Royal, (iaulin, the Jesuit missionary, instantly on 
 the receipt of the news, assembled two hundred men, and with them 
 marched to Annapolis. The inhabitants of the banlieue, as well as 
 those of the river settlements, joined the besieging force, the former 
 
HISTOItV OK ANNAPOLIS. 66 
 
 alleging a.s a justification of tlifir truitorfnis conduct, a violation of the 
 articles of capitulation in the preceding year, whereby they were freed 
 from the oaths they hud then taken. Tlie garrison was thus confined to 
 the limits oi the fort. (Jaulin having caged liis foes in this manner, left 
 the investing battalions and went to Placentia to secure additional aid 
 from Costal)elle, the Governor of that place, from whom lie obtained 
 twelve hundred pounds of jMiwder, blankets, guns anfl other necessary 
 materials ; but at this juncture, and shortly after he had sailed to return, 
 startling news reached Placentia. A large fleet of sixty sail of .ships had 
 been seen making their way toward Quebec, and Gaulin's vessel had 
 l)een captured by one of these after making a very courageous defence. 
 Vaudreuil, the Governor at Quebec, had received the inspiriting news 
 of the battle of " Bloody Creek," and liad without delay fitted out an 
 expedition intended to be sent to Annapolis Royal to assist in its reduc- 
 tion ; but before its departure, the intelligence that measures had been 
 taken l)oth at New York and Boston to send forces for its defence, was 
 received by him, and he abandoned his project. Vetch had indeed left 
 Annapolis for Boston, leaving Sir Charles Hobby in command, and had 
 obtained reinforcements to the number of four hundred men for its 
 defence, thus for the time effectually securing it against further danger 
 from its assailants. 
 
 The reader must not forget that France ardently desired and con- 
 fidently looked forward to the repossession of Port lloyal. With this 
 end in view Vaudreuil had, at the Ijeginning of 1711, appointed Anselm, 
 Baron St. Castine, whose wife was a Port Royal woman, to be his lieu- 
 tenant in Acadie. In 1707, he had married Charlotte D' Amours, and 
 was present and assisted in the defence of the town during the sieges of 
 that year, and was wounded in repelling one of the attacks then made 
 upon it. These acts of the French colonial authorities show that they 
 looked upon the recent conquest as one that was not to be of long con- 
 tinuance, and even after the distinct cession of Nova Scotia by the 
 Treaty of Utrecht, they did not give up their hope of its recovery by 
 reconcjuest. 
 
 In June, 1713, the Queen of Great Britain, in whose honour the name 
 of Po»'t Royal was changed to Annapolis (the City of Anne), sent the 
 follov ing letter to Francis Nicholson, then Governor-in- chief of this pro- 
 vince, which, as it relates to the French settlers here, I transcribe in full : 
 
 " Anne R, Trusty ami well lieloved : we greet you well, Whereas our good 
 l)rotlier the most Christian King, hath at our desire, released from imprisonment on 
 board his galleys, sncli of his subjects iw were detained there on account of theii 
 professing tlie Protestant religion ; we being willing to shf)w by some mark of our 
 favour toward his subjects liow kind we take his compliance therein, we have there- 
 fore thought fit here))y to signify our will and jdeaaure to you, that you permit sucii 
 
 5 
 
66 IILSTOUV OK ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 of tlii-m ii« have iiny liiiids of tcni-iiM'tits in tiir pliiccM iiikIim' your (ioi'ernmi'nt in 
 At^ailiu 1111(1 Ni!wfiiiiii<IIuiiil, tliiit liiivu l>ceii or HIT willing to coiitinuL- our xiilijcirlH, 
 to rctuin and enjoy their wiid lumU iinil tencnientit without any nioleHtation, as fully 
 and freely im <ithei' our Huhjects do, or may (lOHHena th(Mi' lands or ustateH, or to kcII 
 tiic name if tlii;y siuill rather chrMtsc to leniove elHcwhere. And for so doing, thin 
 Hhall ' ' your warrant, and ho wc heartily bid you farewell. 
 
 " (jJiven at our Court at Kentiington, the twenty-third ilay of June, 1713, in 
 the twelfth yeftr of our reign. 
 
 "(Signed), Dartmouth. 
 
 " F. NlciiousoN, Es<^, Governor.'" 
 
 The history of Annapoliss, iiiul of the whole Province, from this period 
 to 1755, will con.sist chiefly of a relation of the struggles made by the 
 French to prevent the permanent settlement of the country by the 
 English, and of the efforts of the latter to bring the inhabitants to 
 become true and loyal subjects of the Crown of Great Britain. 
 
 In 1714, a census of Port Royal — or Annapolis Royal, as it must 
 henceforth be called — -that is, of all the hamlets on the Annapolis River, 
 was mtvde, in which the surnames of the families are given. The total 
 number of inhabitants was 6.'i7. 
 
 The names are as follows : Abraham, Alain, Barnabe, Beliveau, 
 Beaumont, Beaupre, Bernard, Blanchard, Blondin, Bonappetit, Boudrot, 
 Bourg, Bourgeois, Breau, Brossard, Cadet, Crane, Champagne, Cle- 
 menceau, Commeau, Cosse, D'aml)oise, Debert, Dubois, Denis, Doucet, 
 Dugas, Dumont, Dupuis, Emmanuel, L'Etoile, Forest, Oentil, Girouard, 
 Godet, Gouselle, Grange, Guillebeau, Hebert, Jean, Labaune, Langlois, 
 La Liberte, Laurier, Landry, La Rosette, Ljifont, La Montague, Lapierre ; 
 Lanoue, Lavergne, Le Basque, L'Esperance, lie Breton, Leblanc, Le- 
 marquis, (2) L'Etoile, Lionnais, Maillard, Martin, Melanson, Michel, 
 Moire, Nantois, Olivier, Paris, Parisien, Piltre, Pellerin, Petitpas, Potier, 
 Poubomcoup, Raimond, Richard, Robichau, (2) La Rosette, Samson, 
 Savary, Savoie, Sellan, Surette, St. Louis, St. Scenne, Thibodeau, 
 Tourangeois, La Verdure, Villate, Vincent, Yvon. 
 
 The Beaupres probably had their dwelling on the farm lately occupied 
 by Mr. William Carty, as the marsh adjoining it still bears their name. 
 The Beliveaus lived on the Bell Farm (Fitz-Randolph's), near Bridge- 
 town, as may be proved by an old deed of those lands, in which it is 
 called Beliveau's farm, the prefix "Bell," by which it is still known, 
 being a contraction of the name Beliveau. The Duga.s lived a short 
 distance below the town of Annapolis, and gave their name to the 
 marsh in that district. The La Rosettes gave their name to the marsh 
 and beautiful district to the eastward of the town, which it bears to 
 this day, and tlie Oliviers owned a house and lot in the town, which was 
 on the east side of the old Cooper lot so called, a fact which may be 
 verified by an old deed of 1717, now or recently in the possession of 
 
HISTOKV UK ANXAI'Ot.lS. 67 
 
 Mrs. Hiimuel Btiyiini, of Ht. .lohn, N.B. Mr. Olivior wiis Iniried in the 
 old ^ravoyurd n«iir the fort, wlion; a stone with tin inscription still 
 marks his gravp. He died in IT.'U. There can l)e no reasonable dttubt 
 f)f the accuracy of this .statement. In the document referrefl to he is 
 called Antf)ine Olivier, and in the inscription he is culled Mr. Anthony 
 Oliver, The Pciicrins had a hou.se near, if not j>recisely on, the present 
 site of the Oowlin;? House, now standing in the old capital. 
 
 In this year T find the first mention made of Lieutenant-dovernor 
 Armstrong, who for so many years resided in Annapolis, and conducted 
 the affairs of the colony, and wh*) unfortunately ended his faithful 
 services and useful life by committing suicide. In 1711 he was sent 
 to Kngland by Vetch, who then commande<l at Annapolis, to solicit the 
 aid of the Board of Trade in procuring tiie means to strengthen and 
 repair the defences of the town, and to urge upon them the value and 
 resources of the country, and the wi.sdom of taking active and immediate 
 measures to preserve it to the Crown. He informed the Board that the 
 garrison was dependent on the merchants of New England for supplies, 
 and that they demanded extravagant prices for what they furnished, 
 and recommended settling a sufiicient number of English people here to 
 produce the food recjuired, and suggested that the town should be made 
 a free port. Concerning the fortifications he says : 
 
 " As to the fortitioatioiiH, tliey are in form ii regular s((\iare, with four l)aHtions 
 made up of earth ami aod-work ; tiie earth, a loose gravel or siiml, Hiihject to ilamagu 
 by every thaw, and to great hreache.s which happened by the fall of the walls 
 into the <litch till a nietho<l was found to revest the works with tini))er from the 
 bottom of the ditch to the friezes, eighteen feet, and above that with four feet of 
 .sod, the greatest part of which being done while <teneral Niciiolson was la.st here. 
 The houses and barracke where the otticers and soldiers lodge, with the storehouses 
 and magazines, are in a ruinous condition, and not like to stand three years without 
 thorough repair." 
 
 This description was written in 1716. Vetch, in 1715, was appointed 
 governor a second time (this time succeeding Nicholson whom he had 
 preceded), but iti 1716 Colonel Richard Phillipps was appointed Gov- 
 ernor-in-chief of the Province. It seems strange to us at this day that 
 no earnest attempt had been made to colonise Nova Scotia with English 
 settlers, as one of the first acts of the new governor was to advise such 
 a course, giving 't as his opinion that "Government should give all 
 encouragement to the settlement of British subjects here, as a means of 
 securing the fidelity of the concjuered French habitans." If this wise 
 advice had been followed, it would have entirely changed the complexion 
 of Acadian history from the time of the conquest. The expulsion of 
 1755 would not have been necessary, and an event that cannot be 
 regarded but as a sad one, nor justified by any plea but that of necessity, 
 
68 HrsTf)RV OF ANNAPOIJH. 
 
 woiilil not have fKicurred tu lilot and rlisfi^ure its pagen ; nor would tho 
 advanceniont of tlie fountry and the dpv«'l<»piimnt. of its rnsourcr's liave 
 ht'en n'tiirdcd for nearly lialf a <"entiiry, as they manifestly were. 
 
 PhillippH ijiil not arrive at AnnapoliH till the sprin;; of 1720. He ha<l 
 piexiously irw»nimended that place for the seat of government, and 
 atikfd that means should \m provided him to make a survey of tlu^ 
 adjacent coasts. On liis arrival he leviewed the garrison which he 
 found in a tolerably good condition, hut the fortifications were wretch- 
 edly out of repair. A few days after he was visited by the priest of 
 the settlements, who was accompanied by about one hundred and fifty 
 " lusty young men." This demimstration was probably intended to 
 impress the mind of the new governor with an idea of his impoit<ince ; 
 but he seems to have failed in Ids object, for he was ordered by Phillipps 
 to read to his followers and the other inhabitants assembled, a |)rocla- 
 mation which had been previously prepared anno'incing His Majesty's 
 intentions concerning them. Having produced a salutary effect by his 
 firmness, he proceeded to form a council to aid him in the a<l ministration 
 of the public affairs. This council, which was the first formed in this 
 province, consisted of the following persons, most of whom tofjk the 
 prescribed oaths on the 6th of May, 1720 : (1) John Doucet, lieutenant- 
 governor, captain in the 40th regiment ; (2) Lawrence Armstrong, 
 major in the 40th regiment ; (3) Paul Mascarene, major in the 40th 
 regiment ; (4) Rev. John Harrison, chaplain in the 40th regiment ; 
 (5) Oyprian Southack, sea-captain ; (6) Arthur Savage ; (7) Hibl)ert 
 Newton, collector of customs ; (8) William Shirreff" ; (9) Peter Boudre, 
 captain of the sloop Cluirlemont ; (10) John Adams, sworn in Maj- 9th, 
 and (1 1 ) Gillam Phillipps, who was not sworn in until the 16th of August. 
 Of these Mr. Doucet remained lieutenant-governor until his decease. 
 It was he who three years before sold his house and lot to Olivier (^i?f^ 
 ante, p. 66). Arthur Savage was made naval officer of the port, and all 
 sea-captains were re(i|uired to report their vessels at his office on their 
 arrival or departure, as well as at the office of the collector of customs. 
 He was also the first provincial secretary of Nova Scotia, having been 
 chosen to fill that office immediately after the formation of the Council. 
 Hibbert Newtf)n was the first collector of customs appointed in the 
 Province. Very little is known of Mr. Adams, who was a native of 
 Massachusetts, to which province he retired, when infirm with age and 
 blind, to die. He was probably employed in trade from the time he 
 settled in the country. 
 
 During this year (1720) it was ordered that the French inhabitants on 
 the Annapolis River should elect from among themselves six deputies, 
 whose duty it should be to promulgate the orders and proclamations 
 of the Government, and to see that their directions v.ere carried into 
 
JIISTOItY OK ANXAntMS. (59 
 
 «'xciiitiun. The iiiimcs of tUv tirst (Jnputit'H tlius choMt-n wore ; Al«x- 
 under liohichiiu, t'i'U(!ent Itobicliau, Nicholas Ouutift', iieriiard (loudet, 
 Cliailt's Landry and Pierre (Joudet. Phillipps then j^ave notice that 
 he would j^ive the inhahitunts /our inontliK in whicli to come in and 
 take tlie oath of allegiance to the king, at the end of wliich, if they 
 failed to comply, he informed them they would Iw recjuired to leave the 
 country and the property they possesHed would be confiscated. This 
 course was rendered imperative upon him by the royal instructions, 
 though he felt that he " had not sufficient power to drive tliem out of 
 the Province," or to prevent them from doing us they pleased in the 
 premises, mucli less to punish them for refusal or disobedience. Before 
 the expiration of the time named the priests had convinced their people 
 that it would lie the height of folly for them to take the oath required, 
 the chief argument used being that the pnmiise to grant the free exercise 
 of their religion was only a sham and a delusion. The proclamation 
 therefore became u dead letter ; the hahitans did not come in and take 
 the outh, but continued to make improvements on their lands as they 
 hod hitherto done, and in many other ways began to manifest contempt 
 for their new rulers. The Governor and Council now applied to Eng- 
 land to establish garrisons at Minas and at Chiegnecto, with a view to 
 compel respect for their authority, unfl suggested the propriety of send- 
 ing over a ship of war of fifty guns and u couple of sloops to be 
 employed as occasion might require. 
 
 The year 1721 was marked by the establishment of a Court of Judica- 
 ture at Annapolis. At a meeti ig of Council held on the tenth day of 
 April it was resolved, "That the (Jovernor and Council do sit as a 
 <»eneral Court or Court of Judicature four times a year," and they 
 appointed the first Tuesdays in February, May, August and November 
 for the sittings of the court. 
 
 Peter Boudre, one of the Council, who commanded the sloop Charle- 
 mont, was employed in conveying stores from the magazine in Annapolis 
 to the garrison which hud l>een established in Canso, and which had 
 been placed under the command of Armstrong. A vessel had been built 
 at Boston for the Nova Scotia Government which, when not otherwise 
 employed, was to be used in a survey of the southern and eastern coasts. 
 This vessel, sometimes known as the " provincial galley," was named the 
 William Augustus, and was ordered to convey the Governor to Canso in 
 August, which she did, arriving there in safety on the 5th of September. 
 On the 13th of the same month the schooner Hannah, William Souden, 
 master, with supplies for the garrison, was cast away at the Tuskets, and 
 became a total wreck, to the great regret of those for whom her cargo 
 was intended. On the 26th, the sloop of Captain Alden, who was a 
 trader between Boston, Annapolis and Minas, was placed in quarantine 
 
70 HISTOHV OK ANNAPOUS. 
 
 f«»r feiir the intVction of Minall-pox might be on board, iih tlmt diHeiise wus 
 previih'iit ill the fmiiicr rity at the time of her leaving it. She lirought 
 a eargo of woollen and cotton giMnls, prolmbly for Winniett and other 
 inerchants then of Annapolis. 
 
 I traiiHcrilK' the following description of the town oh given by Major 
 .Mascarene in 1721, eleven years after the con(|ue8t : 
 
 " Two Ieiij<iie« iiliovf (ioiit Islanil iw tin- foi't, hii-iitetl nn a Nandy, riHiiiji; f;roun<l 
 on (lie Month hjiIc of tlif river, on a point fonni><l hy tlie Kritish ItiviT iind iinothcr 
 Hiiiiill oiif, ciillfil till' .Jenny River. Tile lower town lien iilong the tirst, aiul \h 
 t..)iniiiiiiiile<l by the fort. The ii|>|)er town stretchen in sciittering hoiiHes a mile 
 1111(1 a half south-<'H8t from the fort on tiie liHiiijf ground between the two riveiH. 
 From tiiis riKiiig ground to the hanks of eiieli river, and on the other Hide of the less 
 one lie large tints or meadows, etc. On both sides of the Hiitish River are a great 
 many tine farms, iiilial)ited by about two hundred families." 
 
 From the la.st statement here maile, allowing the families to average 
 five membeis each, the population outside the town w«>uld amount to «me 
 thousand souls, which wouUl be an increase in the country settlements of 
 over />>(/ jter cent, since the last census — a very respectable increase. 
 
 At a council held at Annapolis Royal on Tuesday, October 11th, 
 1720: Present; Ceneral Phillipps, the Hon. President (Armstrong), 
 Mascarene, Savage, Adams, Newton, Skene and Shirreff : 
 
 " A i.-oin))laint of the Honourable Lieutenant-Oovernor in writing, of the lOth 
 instant, to His Kxcellem^y, relating to his jmblie ordei'B for the Province, given out 
 l)efore the arrival here of His Kxeellency, was read and adviHed (m, On whieh Mr. 
 Wroth was .sent for before the Board and examined in relation to acme reflections 
 tliat were oust upon the Lieiitenant-lJovernor by giving out some of these orders, 
 who said that he had heard some words by William .Shirreff, Ksq., tending to that 
 purpose. . . . Mr. William Winniett, being in company at the same time when 
 the aforesaid reflections were cast, was sent for in before the Council, and asked by 
 the Honourable Lieutenant-tiovenior whether he luul any objecticms to make against 
 his administration while he had the honour thereof to be within the chair of the 
 Government ))efofe His Kxeellency "s arrival, who answered he had none. " 
 
 " Mr. William Winniett, desiring leave of His Excellency to go up the Bay of 
 Fundy with his sloop to trade. His Excellency declared he has leave, (|ualifying 
 himself a;coi-diiig to law." . . . 
 
 " It is also further resolveil, and ordered iiem. con.. That WiUiam Winniett, 
 haveing behaved himself before His Excellency and Council in an insolent, disre- 
 spectful, audacious, contemptuous and iindutiful manner, as is believed to be without 
 president (mc) or exam))ie, he shall be obliged to ask pardon, and make his humble 
 submission in writeing to His Excellency and Council acknowledging his offence in 
 the most submissive manner, and in particular to two of the meml)er8 of this His 
 Majesty's Council, viz.. Major Paul Mascarene and John Adams, Esq., having 
 reflected in the vilest manner on the character of the latter in council, and deliver 
 in the same, signed by himself, to His Excellency and Council to-morrow at the 
 hour of twelve, who vil' then sit at the place aforesaid. And that the said William 
 Winniett Ijc served f b' . <Liy with the copy of this Order in Council. 
 
 " (Signe<l), Richard Phillipps." 
 
MISTOKV (»r ANN'AIOMS. 71 
 
 Whiitover may hav(^ heoii tlif causf of Wiiuiiftt's coiuluct toward the 
 Council on this occasion, anti csiwcially to MancanMU' ami Adams, it had 
 no inMiD'ncff to prevent the future j,'ooil of'iccs and friendship of thr 
 estimable Mascarene toward Mr. Winniett's family after his deconso — 
 nor, in fact, to himself lonj^ hcfore that event occurred, for the reconis 
 «»f the same Council show that within six montlis after the occurrence of 
 this event it employed him in the discharj;e of duties involvinj^ deli<'ate 
 handlinj; and oidy to lie entrusted to a person of loyal sentiments. Ft 
 is more than proliiil)le that some hasty expressions escaped him in rela- 
 tion to .some order of the C<iuncil touching the manner in which the 
 trade with AFinas should he conducted, and which he thought interfered 
 with his interests in that place. 
 
 Karly in 1722, the collector of customs, Newton, and a son of Councillor 
 Adams WHrc made prisoners hy a hody of hostile Indians in Passama- 
 ijuoddy Hay, while on their way home to Ainiapolis from Boston, where 
 if. is probable thriy had spent the previous winter. They were passen- 
 gers in a vessel owned and commanded by Captain Blinn, a New England 
 trader, and had gone on shore with a party for water, when they were 
 ambushed and seized. They were, however, shortly afterwards ransomed 
 and returned to Annapolis. The Indians were very active in their 
 hostility to the English colonists during this year. They captured several 
 vessels, among them one which had been despatched by the Government 
 from Canao with supplies to the ganison at head»iuart«rs. Flushed 
 with their success, and believing the fort would be without food for 
 its defenders, they contemplated a blockade of it, and lioped to be able 
 to reduce it by famine ; l)ut their scheme was happily frustrated by 
 the timely arrival of succours in fo<xl and other materials necessary to 
 sustenance and defence. Soon afterwarris Lieutenant-Governor Doucet 
 succeeded in making captives of about twenty of their number who 
 had encamped in the neighbourhood with the hope of soon being able to 
 carry out their wicked designs. This event tended to intimidate them 
 and their associates, and soon all danger from that quarter disappeared, 
 to the great relief of the garrison and inhabitants. The Governor-in- 
 chief, Phillipps, returned to England in the autumn of this year, leaving 
 the administration of affairs in the hands of Mr. Doucet. 
 
 Among the officers stationed in Annapolis in 1 720 was a lieutenant, 
 John .Teplison, and Phillipps, in a letter to Major Armstrong, then 
 commanding at Oanso, and bearing date October 24th, speaks of him 
 as "having a large family of small children in a starving condition," 
 and odds that " his subsistence is engaged for the payment of debts," 
 and that he has not sufficient officers to try him by court-martial, but 
 gives permission for him and his family to be removed to Canso, on 
 condition that he should be sent back to Annapolis for trial whenever 
 such a demand should be made. 
 
72 msTonv nv anna poms. 
 
 (youiioillor AilaniH wiih nt tliiH time the owner of a v<>sh(>I which wuh 
 «Mii|>loye<i in thtt Ksht'ry at Ciinno, iinil Mr. Winnit'tt wiih alMiut tht* nanw 
 tiino ^^^•nt to that place to appraisn thf \alm! of the; stort's thorc. 
 
 Major Ali'xamlcr l,'o.sl)y succeeded Armstrong in the (M>nnnan<i at 
 Ganso in 1723. Tlii.s genthMuun was the nonin-hiw of Winniett, whose 
 ehlest daught(>r, Anne, lie had .shortly Itefore married. Phillipps stated 
 in a report to the Hoard of Tradi> and Plantations this year tliat the 
 garrison consisted of tive companies, comprising in all two huntlred men, 
 exclusive of ottieers ; that there were alxjut a dozen families of KngliHh 
 who lived under cover of the fort in a suburb having no foreigners 
 in it. and that the fort itself had gone much to decay, a considerable 
 portion of tlu' work having tumbled down. 
 
 In 1 724 an attack was made upon the town by u party of fifty or 
 sixty Indians, one-half of whom are .said to have been Malicetes from 
 the north shores of the Bay of Fundy. They shot and scalped a 
 sergeant, McNeil, of the garrison, and killed a private .soldier, besides 
 wounding an officer and several men. These events took place in a 
 .sally made by the garrison against the besiegers, who successfully 
 repulsed the attack, forcing the troops back into the fort. Having 
 burnt a dwelling-house belonging to an Englishman and killed the 
 sheep of the people in the vicinity, they suddenly disappeared, carrying 
 away with them several captives, among whom were two men, a woman 
 and two children belonging to the garrison. These were ransomed soon 
 ofterwards and returned to their home. Lieutenant-Governor Doucet, 
 in order to avenge the death of McNeil, ordennl an Indian prisoner to 
 be put to death on the same spot where the sergeant had been killed. 
 He wos shot and scalped. On this affair, Murdoch very properly says : 
 
 " The execution of the hostuKe of prisoner I eunnot but regard as a lilot on 
 the fair fame of our people ; 'vhile great allowiiiice should )>e iiiatle for the feeliiig.s 
 of the English, exasperated as they doul)tless were ))y the barbarous cruelties 
 exercised on tlieir countrymen in New England and Nova Scotia, and the treachery 
 they found at work everywhere. However this execution may Imj palliated, I .see 
 no grounds on which in any way it can be justified." 
 
 A clerical scandal occurred at Annapolis in September, 1724, which 
 may be best stated in the words of a minute of Council made on the 
 22nd of that month : 
 
 "The Board unanimously agree, that whereas it appears that the Revd. Mr. 
 Robert Cuthbert hath obstinately persisted in keeping company with Margaret 
 Douglass, contrary to all reproofs and admonitions of Alexaiuler Douglass, her 
 husband, and contrary to his own promises and the good advice of His Honour the 
 Lieutenant-Governor ; 
 
 " That he, the said Mr. Robert Cuthbert, should be kept in the garri.son without 
 port liberty ; and that his scandalous affair and the satisfaction demanded by the 
 
HISToKV <iK ANXAI'OhlS. 73 
 
 injiii'i-il IiiihI)hiiiI Ik- triiriNiiiiiti'il in uiili'i- to he ili'tcrniiiift) at lioiiic, iii'l tliut tlic 
 lloiiitiirulilt' liii'iitfiiuiit-Ciiivci'iiiii' iiia\ wi'ilt! tnr uiiotlici' iiiiiiiHtt'r in Iiih plcii <-. 
 
 "Then till' K<tv(l. Mr. CiithlKH't, IioIiik Merit f(ir to givt- IiIm reiiHoiiH fur Hti>|>|iiiiK 
 Alpxiiiiili'r Dmij^luMs' gfHHJH, etc., UN In ri-prcscntfil in Mitiil Doii^likHH' petition, wlio, 
 liiiviii^ ionic iinil Ix'iiiK UMkcil, imiiiIc iiiinmci', * No,' that he did not ; lie niight have 
 tliciii when he liked, luid that he did not iiixiNt upon anything from him, liiN wife, 
 or child. " 
 
 Mr. {'utlibeit WII.S the succi'.sHur of Mr. Harrison us cliiiplain t<i the 
 ^{ui'riNon. Kurly in 172'! lit> caine aii<l took posse.s.sioii of a lioUHtt in the 
 htwer town, l)elonji;in;,' to Samuel Doiij^iasN,* allejjinn that it w»h cliurch 
 })roperty. Dougla,SH liad hought it ir» 1715 from Lieutenant Jeph.son, 
 will, became its owner hy purchase from (Jovernor Vetch. The mutter 
 .vas referred to the Council, who gave DoughiHs leave to remove it. 
 
 Armstrong, who had l)een in England from the time he was relievinl 
 by Cosby in the command of the garrison at Canso, was made Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the Province in 1725. He did not come to Annapolis, 
 however, until 1726, though he arrived at Canso early in the following 
 year. Sotm after his arrival he summoned the Councillors, Mascarene, 
 Newton, Skene and ShirreH' to meet him at that place. This year 
 witnessed the first e.\pre,ssion of opinion in favour of constituting a 
 House of Assembly to assist in making laws for the government of the 
 colony. Mr. Armstrong thought that an assembly to consist of twenty 
 memliers should l)e elected for this purpose, and asserted his belief that 
 otherwise it would be impo.ss'ble to govern it satisfactorily. There 
 were at this period forty-nine English families settled in Canso — being 
 the largest English settlement in the country. They were chiefly 
 engaged in the fisheries, and were generally in a prosperous condition. 
 
 Shortly before his arrival at Annapolis, in 1726, he wrote to the 
 Hoard of Trade, that without a speedy and thorough repair the garrison 
 of the capital would be " without lodgments, provisions or defence." 
 On the 15th of June an interesting occurrence took place in the town 
 in the form of the ratification of a treaty with the Indians. At the flag 
 bastion of the fort Mr. Doucet^in the place of Armstrong, who had 
 not yet reached headquarters — met the Indians and French deputies, 
 where the text of the treaty was read first in English and then by 
 sworn interpreters to the parties concerned. Prudent Robichau and 
 Abraham Bourg being the interpreters employed. The Indians having 
 assented to the terms, the articles were duly signed, atter which an 
 ♦entertainment was given and presents distributed to the chiefs and 
 their hostages released. The IJoard of Trade were afterwards informed 
 by Mr. Doucet that the treaty had cost him about three hundred pounds 
 
 * This gentleman was twice married, and the stone erected over his first wife's 
 grave is tne oldest grave monument existing in the Dominion. 
 
74 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 in presents and feasting, a fact which seems to indicate that feasting 
 was not furnished by niggardly hands, or that the presents lacked 
 substantial value. Captain Doucet did not long survive this event, 
 having died in the fort on the 19th of November. He was buried in 
 the graveyard near the scene of his death, but no memorial exists to 
 indicate the spot where his remains rest. 
 
 In the December of 1725, three Frenchmen, named respectively Paul 
 Francis du Pont de Villieu, Saint Joly de Pardeithau, and Alexandre 
 Poupart de Barbour, came to Annapolis from Quebec and applied to 
 Governor Doucet for protection against the Indians, alleging that they 
 had killed two of them whom they had employed as guides to pilot 
 thenj hither, and whom they had liberally paid for the service. Having 
 detected them in an attempt to deceive them a ((uarrel had em ued, and 
 that they had lieen killed in the scuffle which then took place. Doucet 
 had them separately examined touching this story, and found each to 
 state the same particulars concerning it, upon which the Council advised 
 that they should be kept in custody until the truth or falsity of their 
 statements could be confirmed, a course which the Frenchmen themselves 
 suggested, as they feared to live with the inhabitants or to make the 
 attempt to leave the Province, lest their act being known, they should 
 become the victims of their revenge. They were kept in custody until 
 the 12th of May following (1726) when Winniett, in a letter from 
 Minas, confirmed the tale of these strangers, and the Council resolved 
 it would be cruel to detain them any longer, and therefore found them 
 a passage in a vessel bound to Boston, from whence they could obtain 
 the means of conveyance to their own country. 
 
 On tue 17th of December, 1726, Armstrong arrived ^,t the Govern- 
 ment House in Annapolis. He at once summoned the Council and 
 produced his commission as lieutenant-governor, and a copy of that of 
 the Governor-in-chief (Phillipps), and of the royal instructions. The 
 French deputies who had also been summoned for the occasion, were 
 shown a copy of the oath of allegiance which the inhabitants would be 
 required to take if they would retain their possessions in the colony, 
 and they were given till the 25th of the month to return an answer 
 from their constituents as to whether they would comply with the 
 wishes of the Government or not. As this council was held on the 21st, 
 only four days were allowed them to make the required reply. On the 
 day appointed, however, they assembled at the "flag bastion" in the 
 fort, and a translation of the oath into French having been read to them, 
 the deputies requested that a clause should be inserted exempting them 
 from bearing arms, and some words to that eflfect having been uyritten 
 on the margin they took the oath, and "having drank His Majesty's 
 health, and several other loyal healths," they bade the Governor "good 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 76 
 
 night " and departed to their homes. A little after this time Captain 
 Joseph Bennett and Ensign Erasmus James Phillips, of the garrison, 
 were sent to Minas to administer the same oath to the people of that 
 place. Owing to the prevalence of unfavourable weather they failed to 
 reach the settlements there, and the matter was postponed to a future 
 day. 
 
 Lieutenant Millidge, an officer of the Board of Ordnance, was directed 
 to place pickets around the fort for security against an apprehended 
 attack on it by the Indians later in the year; "it being impossible," in 
 the opinion of Armstrong, " to repair the breaches in the walls this 
 winter." 
 
 It was in this year also that a council was held in the house of 
 John Adams to consider a complaint made by Governor Armstrong 
 against Robert Nicholes, his servant, for an assault upon him made at 
 Canso, nearly a year b jre. He was found guilty and sentenced as 
 follows : 
 
 "You, Robert Nicholes, Iwing found guilty of the crime wherewith tliou art 
 charged by the Honourahle Lawrence Armstrong, Lieutenant-CJovei'nor and Com- 
 mander-in-chief of this His Majesty's Province of Nova .Scotia, the punishment 
 therefor inflicted on thee is to sit upon a gallows three days, half an hour each day, 
 with a rope about thy neck and a paper on your breast whereon shall be wrote in 
 capital letters AuPACiotns Villain ; and afterw-ards thou art to be whipped at a 
 cart's tail from the prison to the uppermost house on the cape, and from thence 
 back again to the prison house, receiving each hundred paces five stripes upon your 
 bare back with a cat-o'-nine-taila, and then thou art to be turned over for a 
 soldier."* 
 
 As the distance • to be walked was not less than half a mile, this poor 
 wretch must have received as many as ninety lashes before he suffered 
 the crowning penalty of his offence — that of being turned over an a 
 soldier ! 
 
 Charles Latour, who had retired to Louisburg soon after the conquest, 
 visited his old home — the scene of his childhood — in the autumn of 
 1726, with his vessel, which he got permission to lay up for the winter. 
 He also obtained leave to remain till the next spring. He had been sent 
 by St. Ovide, the Governor of Cape Breton — or Isle Royale, as it was 
 then called— to purchase certain provisions and goods which were required 
 for the officers there. 
 
 The first formal commission of the peace for this province seems to 
 have been issued in March, 1727 — a hundred and seventy years ago 
 — when Adams, Skene and Shirreff wens appointed justices of the peace 
 to form a civil court, their judgments to be reported to the Lieutenant- 
 Governor for confirmation. Francis Richard, a habitant, was made high 
 constable, or sheriff, on the 6th of April (1727), and on the same day 
 
 *See Minutes of Council in MS., Archives, 1726-27. 
 
76 HISTORY OK AXXAPOLIS. 
 
 Prudent Robichau was iriide a justice of the peace and Reiu' Maitin, con- 
 stable. In this year Lieutenant Otho Hamilton took the place of William 
 ohirreff, as secretary to the Council, the latter havinjij sent in his resigna- 
 tion of that office. A dispute antse at tiiis time between tlie Lieutenant- 
 (jrovernor and Messieurs Winniett, Bliun and Bissel, who were the chief 
 traders or n >rchants of the town, and the subject having been brought 
 before the Council, Blinn was proved to have used dli. >. spectf ul language 
 to Armstrong, and it was ordered that "the aforesaid Blinn be com- 
 mitted to prison for said offence." 
 
 Edward How's vessel was chartered by the Government to visit the 
 French settlements with a view to administer the oath of allegiance to 
 those of the people who had not yet taken it. Ensign Wroth, adjutant 
 of Phillipps' regiment — the 40th — was sent in her to Minas to thii^ end. 
 This is the first mention made of Mr How, who afterwards acted so con- 
 spicuous a part in Nova Scotia affairs. 
 
 At the close of the previous year there we-e but three members of the 
 Council residing at Annapolis, in consequence of which, and in order to 
 secure a quorum, the following gentlemen were sworn in on the 13th 
 of May at the house of Mr. Adams, namely, Capt. Joseph Bennett, 
 Capt. Christopher Aldridge, Major Alexander Cosby and Capt. John 
 Blower, all of the regiment stationed in tlie capital. Of these. Major 
 Cosby, having received a commission constituting him " Lieutenant- 
 Oovernor of the town and fort of Annapolis," wis not sworn in until the 
 30tli of October, 17!.' 7. He was, as we ha\e before said, a son-in-law of 
 Winniett, and from this time Armstrong regarded him with jealousy and 
 distrust. 
 
 The Governor-in-chief, Phillipps, paid a visit to the Province in 1729, 
 having arrived at Canso in June, and at the seat of his Government on 
 the 20th of November. One of the objects of his visit was to endeavour 
 to reconcile diflferences and disputes which had for some time distracted 
 the community, including tiie members of Council and the Lieutenant- 
 Governor, and he had the satisfaction to find his efforts attended with 
 considerable success. The following extracts from a letter of Armstrong 
 addressed to the Board of Trade in June, 1728, will explain the nature 
 of some of these distractions. He complains against Breslay, the cure, 
 whom he accuses of " usurping to himself the authority of a judge in 
 civil matters," and charges Cosby with having " sympathized with and 
 defended him in his insolence." He complains also of Cosby having 
 acted violently towards Mr. Maugeant, "a French gentleman who had 
 been employed to read and translate a Government proclamation to the 
 habitans," and adds that " his insulting conduct had its motive in dislike 
 to himself." He concludes by informing the Board that " it is impossible 
 Hif Majesty's service can be advanced or promoted while he remains in 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 77 
 
 the station he is in, for the Province will be rent and torn by parties and 
 factions." 
 
 Phillipps met with a joyful reception on his arrival at Annapolis, and 
 was specially welcomed by the French. His first official act was to 
 appoint Major Henry Cope to a seat in the Council. Two others were 
 needed, and on the next day he selected Mr. Winniett to fill one of these 
 vacancies. He calls Winniett " the most considerable merchant and one 
 of the first British inhalntants of this place and eminent in his zeal for 
 H. M. service." Before his presence much of the discoi-ds and jealousies 
 which had previously existed faded f»ut of sight, and general joy and 
 satisfaction appear to have prevailed among the people. 
 
 The first Surveyor-General appointed for this province was David 
 Dunbar, in 1730. On the 18th of May, in that year. Major Cosby was 
 made President of the Council, anfl a new provincial seal was sent out to 
 the (Governor. Captain Bissel was ordered to call, with his vessel, at 
 Pemiquid, on his return from Boston, to bring Dunbar to Annapolis 
 where he was to make arrangements to commence a survey of the lands 
 in the neighbourhood of that place. Erasmus James Phillips, of the 40th 
 regiment, w^as sworn in as a member of the Council, at the request of the 
 Governor, on the 7th of December, and a proclamation was issued on the 
 24th calling upon the Acadians to bring in their deeds, leases and grants 
 to the Secretary's office by the end of February ensuing, in v>rder to receive 
 new grants under the great seal of the Province. 
 
 Mr. Armstrong, who had visited England after Phillipps had per- 
 sonally resumed the government, returned in 1731, arriving at Annapolis 
 in July, and was the bearer of orders for the return of the Governor, 
 who, in a letter to the Duke of Newcastle on that occasion, expressed 
 his fears that things would not prosper in Nova Scotia under the 
 administration of his lieutenant, Mr. Armstrong, whom he seems to have 
 regarded as an enemy. On August 27th, 1731, Phillipps left the Pro- 
 vince never to return, though he continued to hold the place and take the 
 pay of Governor-in-chief for several years thereafter. From this time to 
 that of his melancholy death, in 1739, Mr. Armstrong found his position 
 as administrator of the public affairs to be anything but an enviable one. 
 The councillors soon became divided on questions of precedency, and the 
 French inhabitants, who appear to have ahvays distrusted and disliked 
 him, continued to oppose and thwart his wishes as often as circum- 
 stances gave them opportunity ; while he, on his part, seems to have 
 regarded them with much ill-will. He frequently speaks of them in his 
 despatches as " perfidious," " headstrong," " obstinate " and "conceited," 
 and suggests to the Board of Trade that an Assembly appeared to be the 
 only cure for existing troubles. 
 
 In 1731, several small grants of land were made at Annapolis. One 
 
78 HrSTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 of these, of a small piece on the water side near the fort, where a limekiln 
 stocxl, was to John Dyson, "sergeant and storekeeper"; another to Ensign 
 Handfield (whose name, long honourable and conspicuous in the affairs 
 of Annapolis, was here for the first time mentioned) of a " piott of ground 
 l)ehind his house "—a piece of land that was claimed Ijy the heirs of Sir 
 Charles Hohhj' and others ; and another, of eight aci*,s on the Cape 
 lload, to Paul Mascarene, who, having obtained leave to visit Boston, 
 had his place in the Council filled by the appointment of Lieutenant Otho 
 Hamilton. The name of Edward Amhurst appears as one of the 
 witnesses to the subscription of the oath of allegiance of 1730. This 
 gentleman's daughter afterwards became the grandmother of Sir W. F. 
 Williams, of Ivars. Mr. Amhurst was an ofticer in Phillipps' regiment. 
 
 The quarrels and litigations among the French people kept the 
 Council, as a Court of Judicature, busy during a great part of 1732. 
 During this year, Mr. Winniett, one of the Council, was freijuently out 
 of the Province on private business. Cosby, his son-in-law, the President 
 of the Council, had withdrawn his attendance, and Phillipps was employed 
 elsewhere ; the Council, therefore, virtually consisted of Mascarene, 
 Adams, Skene, Shirreffand Hamilton. 
 
 Armstrong, in one of his letters of this year, speaks of the death of 
 Charles Latour, and his leaving issue in Annapolis. He also says that 
 Alexander Le Borgne, son of Madame Bellisle, had married an Indian 
 woman, and lived among the tribe. About this time the authorities at 
 Annapolis published, in the New England newspapers, an advertisement 
 offering grants of land in this province, in fee simple, to all Protestant 
 settlers who might come from those colonies ; but it does not appear that 
 it had any effect in augmenting the settlement of the country. 
 
 In September new deputies were chosen, in the persons of Prudent 
 Robichau, Nicholas Gautier, Alexander Hebert, Joseph Bourgeois, Peter 
 Lanoue, Claude Girard, William Blanchard and Prudent Robichau, jun., 
 and the 11th of October in each yeai" was fixed for their election there- 
 after. George Mitchell, a surveyor — a deputy of Dunbar — who arrived 
 at Annapolis at this time, was directed to make a survey of the lands 
 surrounding the basin. 
 
 The dispute between Mascarene and Cosby as to precedence at the 
 Council Board was settled by the direction of the Lords of Trade, who 
 declared that seniority should be the principle followed — the senior 
 councillor to act on all occasions as president, and to be administrator in 
 the absence of the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor. The same 
 authority forbade the appointment of the French inliabitants to be 
 Justices of the Peace, as they, being Romanists, could not take the 
 required oaths. 
 
 St. Ponce was accepted as officiating priest for the settlers on the 
 
HLSTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 79 
 
 Annapolis River, and under Iuh advice, his parishioners were induced to 
 petition the Government for permission to remove their church from the 
 town " to the midst of their settlements up the river." This request was 
 refused, on the j^jround that the church had been removed to Annapolis on 
 account of " a massacre contrived by the priest Charlemagne, and Felix 
 of Minas, and some of the people, to be perpetrated by the Indians." 
 Armstron}; tells them : " There are none of you but know how barbarously 
 .some of His Majesty's subjects were murdered mid tvonnded by these 
 unthinking and infatuated people." In order to revenge themselves 
 for this decided refusal of compliance with their wishes, the inhabitants 
 raised the prices of all articles which they usually furnished for the use 
 of the garrison. 
 
 Further grants of land were made at this time. Samuel Douglass 
 received a grant covering a piece of land which reached from the street 
 now called St. (Jeorge eastwardly to William Street, and lying between 
 the lands of Adams and James Horlock in the lower town. I think 
 this lot could be now identified from the measures stated in the grant, 
 which were 230 feet from St. George (Dauphin) Street to William; and as 
 these streets are not parallel, and still occupy the sites they did then, that 
 line could be determined. Its breadth was 120 feet on St. George Street, 
 In a grant to James Horlock, we find mentioned " Frederick Street, for- 
 merly called St. Anthony Street." John Hanshole and Francis Wetherby 
 also received grants of lots in the same neighbourhood. Captain John 
 Jephson had two acres and upwards granted to him, which were near 
 the hospital. Charles Vane received a grant of nearly five acres, bounded 
 as follows : " On the north-west side, by the road leading to the cape, 
 and running along by said road from the churchyard to a garden formerly 
 belonging to M. de Falais, at present in the possession of Major Alex- 
 ander Cosby, as Lieutenant-Governor of the fort ; and along by said 
 garden from the road S.S. W. to the swamp or marsh, and from thence, or 
 the foot of Captain John Jephson's garden, along the said marsh N.W. 
 to the glassee (glacis); and from thence along the S.E. side of the 
 churchyard N., and by E. to the aforesaid road." This piece of land had 
 been sold years before by Margaret and Anne Latour to John Adams, 
 and now by him to Vane, and is easily identified by the given bounds 
 to he the land on which the present court-house, Wesleyan chapel and 
 manse, and the residence of the Rev. J. J. Ritchie* now stand. The 
 Rev. Mr. Harrison obtained a grant of about five acres in the lower 
 town, for a glebe. This piece of land is that adjoining the railway 
 station on the north-east. Another grant was made of a lot of four 
 acres, in the upper town, to one William Haw, a tayleur, who, in 1733, 
 
 * Now (1897) owned and occupied by Rev. H. How.— [Ed.] 
 
80 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 having been charged with selling liquor, contrary to an ordinance of the 
 Council, in a fit of chagrin returned his patent, declaring that he would 
 not stay in the country, and his grant was canc»'lled. 
 
 It was also in 1732 that the case of Joseph Jennings against William 
 Winniett was tried before the Council, Winniett absenting himself from 
 his seat at the Board during the trial. Jennings appears to have been 
 living in Annapolis since 1711, and the house which was the subject of 
 dispute, was said to have been bought by him from Cahouet in that 
 year. It was proved before the Council that the plaintiff had " Iwught, 
 paid for, and improved the premises, by building a useful and expensive 
 wharf." Winniett was, therefore, forced to give up possession, and to 
 pay the costs. A lawyer named Ross lived in the town at this period, 
 and was Jennings' attorney. Winniett was displeased at the decision, 
 and incurred the censure of the Council for some language used by him 
 in relation to it. 
 
 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER V. 
 
 By the Eilitor. 
 
 An admirable account of Samuel Vetch, the first English Goveinor, 
 from the able and erudite pen of Rev. George Patterson, D.D., 
 appears in Vol. IV., Nova Scotia Historical Society Collection, 1884. 
 He was not only able as a military commander and adviser, but as a 
 civil governor, and entitled to rank with Mascarene as the wisest and 
 most worthy of our colonial governors during the first fifty or sixty 
 years of British occupancy. He assumed, by royal instructions, the office 
 of Governor of the fort and country, on its surrender to Nicholson, who 
 on the 28th of the same month left him in command of the garrison. 
 The Indians were not only troublesome in open war, but threatened, 
 interfered with, and harassed the French when they undertook to supply 
 wood and necessaries to the fort. The French showed a disposition to 
 become reconciled to the English rule under his administration. Against 
 the Indians he, with the aid of his brother-in-law, Major Livingstone, 
 of New York, recruited a company of one hundred of the Iroquois 
 Indians, and sent them to Annapolis, where their services were very 
 valuable in many ways. He reported them as "of wonderful use," 
 and " worth three times the number of white men." With their labour 
 he built a fort, afterwards known as the Mohawk Fort, which is described 
 as " about a quarter of a mile from the grand fort," and " a long square, 
 composed of a dry stone wall of a reasonable thickness about six feet 
 high, heaped with sods, with a ditch before it about four feet deep, and 
 between five and six feet high, having at each angle the form of a 
 bastion, except toward the river, where it is in a direct line having a 
 breast-work or parapet of sods, with embrasure for a cannon, capable to 
 
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 81 
 
 be made use of for a battery and commands the river very well there- 
 abouts." He says, "It may prove of very great service to those of Her 
 Majesty's subjects who inhabit the town betwixt the two forts, as well as 
 a barrier betwixt tliis fort and the enemy upon that side, and more 
 particularly by more immediately commanding the passage up the river, 
 and the preventing the carrying up of ammunition and artillery above 
 the fort as was practised at the reduction of the place." It was prol» 
 ably at this fort, near tlie Acadia S. S. Co. pier, that the block-house 
 stood which in 1749 was taken down and removed to Minas. Vetch 
 involved himself in irretrievable debt in the support of his garrison and 
 in carrying out his designs in the interests of the nation, while the 
 British Government neglected to pay his bills, and left him and his 
 garrison in a most distressed state. Meanwhile, Nicholson, whom he 
 trusted as a friend, was treacherously undertnining his influence with 
 the authorities in London, and in 1714 succeeded in superseding him in 
 the government of the Province, but himself spent but little time in it, 
 and that to its disadvantage. To vindicate himself and his administra- 
 tion Vetch repairefJ to London^ and was restored to the governorship, 
 which he held for nearly two years, until the appointment of Phillipps 
 in 1717, but probably did not return to Nova Scotia, the lieutenant- 
 governors discharging the functions in the absence of their suj)eriors. 
 The saddest thing of all to relate about him is that, financially ruined 
 in the service of the country, and neglected by the svdministration who 
 continually promised him a position which would afford a competency, 
 he died in a debtor's prison, April 30th, 1732. He planned an expedi- 
 tion for the reduction of Quebec in 1711, which would have been assuredly 
 successful had it not been for the gross ignorance and incompetency of 
 the English Admiral. Had he remained Governor at Annapolis, as he 
 would have been but for the intrigues of Nicholson, and been properly 
 supported at home, the subsequent difliculties with the Acadians would 
 probably not have occurred and Nova Scotia would have been spared a 
 dark page in her history. His daughter Alida, born Christmas Day, 
 1701, married Samuel Bayard, of New York, and was the mother of 
 William Bayard, the father of Samuel Vetch Bayard, of Wilmot, to be 
 hereafter mentioned. (Jovernor Vetch was through her an ancestor of 
 the celebrated Bayard family of St. John, N. B. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 1732-1742. 
 
 AaicUaiiH troublcttonie — Petty crimes in tlie town — Polico estiibliHlied — Armstrong's 
 hostility to Winniett— Ho (liscusses the claim of Latoiir's family — Mrs. Buck- 
 ler's strange story — (Jrunt of township of Norwich— fSuicide of Armstrong — 
 Mascarene returns — Cold and scarcity — Death of Winniett and MaHcarene. 
 
 THE years which intervene between the date of the events just 
 related and the year 1755, are filled with incidents of consider- 
 able historical interest, and reveal many facts which, when dispassion- 
 ately considered, constrain us to modify our opinions regarding the super- 
 e.vcellence of the character of the Acadiaiis. The alleged entire and 
 ready obedience to their rulers, their freedom from disputes, controversies 
 and litigations, and the absence of crime in their communities, become 
 extremely doubtful if not entirely mythical statements when illustrated 
 by an appeal to facts. The Abbe Raynal's description of their habits 
 and characteristics generally has long been received as true and adopted 
 as a faithful picture ; but it would seem that his estimate was formed 
 from insufficient data or from incorrect information, for the -cords of 
 the Council abound with memoranda of their quarrels and disagree- 
 ments in relation ti> their lands, their rights as neutrals and their 
 privileges as religionists. Even their domestic infelicities are sometimes 
 referred to the English authorities for a hearing and adjustment. In 
 fact, during the long period when their affairs were administered by their 
 own countrymen, it was their common custom to appeal from their 
 decisions to their superiors at Quebec, and that, too, at an expense 
 ruinous to their own and their families' interests. 
 
 In June, 1733, Goat Island —then called Armstrong's Island — was 
 granted to Charles Vane, who was at the time in the employ of the 
 Board of Ordnance. In the grant it is said to be near to a place called 
 the "Scotch Fort." It was for several years afterwards known as Vane's 
 Island. In this year, also, Alexander Le Borgne, Sieur de Bellisle,* 
 
 * This Le Borgne's mother was Maiie, a daughter of James Latour, one of the 
 co-seigneurs of Port Royai. His uncle Charles had retired to Isle Royale at the 
 time of the conquest ; but he remained in the country. 
 
lllsmUY OF ANNATOMS. 83 
 
 came furwaril voluntarily and tixtk tlit> nath.s of alle^ianof^. He hiul 
 l)eeii married to an Indian woman, and had hitherto been inimical to 
 English rule. He H<H)n after asked to lie rentored to hin Heigniorial 
 rights, or those of his late father, and his petition was forwarded to the 
 Board of Trade, who refused to grant its prayer. 
 
 A ship from the Towor (London) freighted with cannon, anununition 
 and other ordnance stores, and clothing for the soldiery, arrived at 
 Annapolis on the 2l8t of Septemher of this year, and great rejoicings 
 attended the event. Armstrong in one of his despatches to the Ixirds of 
 Trade says : 
 
 "The ship from tlie Htmi'd of UnlimiK^e wliicli is to oarry homi' all tlie cunnun, 
 mortars, etc., hath much revived us; they having alno sent some artiKcers, with 
 directions to their storekeeper to put the j^arrison and outworks in repair, whieh 
 at present it wants nnieii. \V«' liave ever since the spring l)een eMiph)yed in 
 ]>atehing and repairing the roofs and the foundations of the houses to prevent their 
 falling, and I hope that in a few years the wiuile garrison will he in a tolerahly 
 good condition ; and I heartily wish our storehouses ami magazines were likewise 
 ordered to lie made liomli-proof.'' 
 
 An exact plan of British (Annapolis) River from surveys made by 
 Mitchell during the preceding year was forwarded to the Board of Trade 
 in November, with a recpiest that provision should be made for the 
 payment of the surveyor and his assistants for their services. This 
 demand was recommended as reasonable, as Mr. Mitchell had found it 
 necessar) to hire a Iniat and an interpreter, in addition to his usual 
 staff, in to prosecution of this work. In Decemlier, Prudent Kobichau 
 was com uissioned as " Receiver of Quitrents and Fines of Alienation," 
 for the district of the hanlieue. About this time the Council sentenced 
 one Francis Raymond tii be " whipped at the cart's tail," at the block- 
 house, at the f'^rt gate, at the cape and at Mr. Gautier's ; and at each of 
 those places "to receive five stripes on his bare back with a cat-o'-nine- 
 tails;" and Francis Meuse "to receive forty stripes at the fort gate on 
 his bare 1 'k with a cat-o'-nine-tails." The former had been convicted 
 of theft, and the latter of having obstructed the highway by felling trees 
 across to prevent the garrison from receiving its necessary supplies of 
 fire- wood.* 
 
 Early in 1734, the Lieutenant-Governor, whose quarrel with Winniett 
 had not been healed, suspended that gentleman's functions as a member 
 of the Council, alleging as a reason his refusal to attend the meetings of 
 that body. In March he appointed John Hamilton, gentleman, to be 
 "naval officer" for the port of Annapolis. On the 10th of April the 
 officers of the garrison petitioned the Council for the use of a piece of 
 ground for a " bowling green," and their request was readily granted ; 
 the lot of land conceded was a portion of the White House Field, or 
 
 •Murdoch, Vol. II., Appendix, page 493. 
 
84 HISTORY OK AXNAPOLI8. 
 
 (iovernor'H ^iinleii, and was probably that on a part of which the lat«^ 
 Andrew HeiulerNon built the shop in which the poHt-ortice waH f«ir some 
 time kept.* 
 
 fn a coiiiniunioation to the Hoard of Trade, (hit«d AuguHt 3rd of 
 thiH year, Pliillipps, the (Jovernor-in-ehief, sayH of the ha/ntans of the 
 Anna{K)liM Valley that " they raise bf)tli corn and cattle on the marsh 
 lands that want no clearing; ; but have not in almost a century cleare«l 
 the ijuantity of three hundred acres of woodland." He also says they 
 are "a pest and incumbrance to the country, bein^ proud, lazy, obstinate 
 and untractable, unskilful in their methcxls of a;,'riculture, and disafiected 
 to the (lovernment." Their " beinj; lUinian Catholics," he alle^'es, puts 
 their disaffection "beyond all doubt, ' and he proves their bad husban<lry 
 by a statement so incredible that it seems to have l)een the result of 
 prejudice and false information — -that w\wii the manure near their barns 
 becomes too troublesome, "they, instead of laying it f»n their lands, j;et 
 rid of it by removing their harnti to another sjtot !" His reports, like thase 
 of Arnistronj,', are very unfavourable to the Acadians. 
 
 In Auf,'ust, 17:U, Mary Davis made complaint before the Council that 
 Jane Picot, the wife of Louis Thibald, had falsely accused her of ha\ inj,' 
 murdered her two children, and after a patient and full investigation of 
 the charge, they declared the report to be " a vile, malicious, groundless 
 and scandalous " one, and ordered by way of punishment that the said 
 "Jeanne Picot be ducked on Saturday next, the 10th instant, at high- 
 water." She was also recjuired, with her witness, Cecil Thompson, to be 
 bound over to pre\eiit the recurrence of such slandei-ous reports. The 
 generous-hearted complainant, however, shocked at the severity of the 
 sentence, applied to the Council to change it by requiring the defendant 
 to ask her pardon publicly at the door of the church. To this the court 
 consented and the apology was given and received as a sufficient atonement. 
 Cecil Thompson, was, I think, the flaughter of James Thompson, a sergeant 
 in the 40th regiment, from whom, about this time, one Matthew Hurry had 
 stolen five pounds, for which theft he was sentenced to receive " fifty 
 lashes on his bare back and to return the money." So fre«iuent had petty 
 thefts and robberies become that in September, 1734, the Council author- 
 ized the establishment of a night police for the town's protection, the 
 members of which receivetl orders to fire on all those who refused to 
 answer after being three times challenged. This was the first police force 
 organized in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Mr. Adams, who had servetl as a member of the Council for fourteen 
 years, obtained leave of absence to visit England, with a view to obtain- 
 ing some remuneration for his long, loyal and faithful services. The 
 
 * Henderson's store and post-i -ffice were on or near the site of the brick building 
 bnilt by Aug. Harris and now owned by the Union Bank. — [Ed.] 
 
HISTOUV MK ANNAI'OI.IN. 86 
 
 • 
 FidrdH of Trade, to whom (he HUHjMMiHiuii of Winiiiett had been referred, 
 dechired they were " imiihle to form any jud>,'ment on tliat matter, as the 
 charges made were imt suthcieiitl}' explicit to enable them to <lo so;" 
 hilt they reminded Armstrong tliut "a councillor sliould have full freedom 
 of (iohate and vote," and that " when tiiere were so few civil inhabitants " 
 he " should not too lightly part with one of them out of the Council." 
 To this, ArTistroi.g replied some months later as follows : " I am entirely 
 <»f opinion thit Lnere being so few British subjects ni tliis place that 
 they ought to be used with tenderness and not rigour upon every slight 
 occasion (which is contrary to my nature), but I hope your lordships 
 will agree that a vacancy is preferable to a deceitful meml>er, and that is 
 my reason why (for the good of His Majesty's subjects; I suspended 
 William Winniett, Esq., from his seat, upon information laid against 
 him, and his other disrespectful and contemptuous behaviour, not oidy in 
 Council, but likewise abroad, to the overthrow and prejudice of every- 
 thing proposed for the good of His Majesty's service." The causes, 
 whatever they may have been, or the difl'erences, whatever they were, 
 which resulted in the suspension of Mr. Winniett, were shortly after 
 this removefl or recom iled, for it is certain that he again took his seat 
 at the Board, and that the Lieutenant-Governor treated him with 
 marked consideration, and frequently spoke of him and his cimduct in 
 terms of approbation. 
 
 In November, Mr. Armstrong addressed a lengthy de.spatch to their 
 lordships of the Board of Trade, in which he discussed the claims of 
 certain of the T atour family to the seigniory of Annapolis or Port Royal. 
 The extreme length of this document, thougli it is full of interest, 
 prevents my giving it in extenso, but the reader will find both pleasure 
 and profit in the perusal of the subjoined extracts from its contents : 
 
 "I heartily thank your lordships foru copy of your re|)ort of Mrs. Cuniplxill's 
 petition, which, being sent for my guidance in relatiuii to the seigneurs and French 
 titles, I must beg leave to present your lordships — though I wish lier gootl success — 
 that she hath set forth in iter petition several things prejudicial to truth, and the 
 interests of her aunt and cousins, who have uU along remained in the Province, and 
 pretend to an equal share with her in these demesnes, which she claims. And 
 therefore, first, I think myself obliged to contradict her assertion (which, I suppose, 
 was intended only to move compassion) that her first husband, Lieutenant Broad 
 street, was killed by the Indians, it being so notoriously known that after a long, 
 lingering illness he died on his bed, I think in December, 1718, and that we had no 
 <listurbanceB from the Indians till the year 1722, and these orders which she mentions 
 were only given her in charity, as an officer's widov,-, during pleasure, and not as 
 any right she ever claimed, which it< well known in this place. And I must observe 
 to your lordships that Col>equid and Chiegnecto were allwise distinct from any claim 
 of the Latours, they being given by the French king to one Matthieu Martin, who 
 is but lately dead ; and as to the other I never heard that Monsieur Latour, or 
 any of his heirs, ever laid claim. 
 
^*0 msniiiv ok annaim>i,ih, 
 
 " Hi'i iism'itiun tliiil liir Mcvciiil lircitIi>rH nni\ Hi«ti'r», lici <o lu-in nf thr UikIm 
 mill pretiiiHfH ill i|ii('Mtiiiii, rrtiiiiu'il Nom, iiftn- tin- piiltliciition nf lli>r lat<- MiijvNtv'H 
 letli'i-, into till- iifinlilMiniiii^j |>itiviiit«M iimlfr tlir <liiiiiiMi<iiii>f Krimic. and left Imi* 
 l»y I'diiVL'yuiK'c, milf pi'iipi jftor, Ih itliiiiiHt "f (!t|uul fiircii with tin- fdiiiii'i', for hIic 
 n««ver hail Imt niit' brotlii'i, ami JH'ii-liler HiMtc. :>iariii'il n Fivmli ii»H<it, ami rctirnl 
 with hiT I'ni'If Cliiiihtii iniiiKoliati'ly u|Miii tin- iiMliiitidii of thi- Proviiii'v ; aiul iii-r 
 Maid L'lich' Cliarlt-N I'oiiiiiiitd'd, or iiiulci' .imicd to coniinit, lioNtiliticH on iMHird 
 a privaU-er, upon Hix Ma jt-MtyV Huhjectn, from that tinio to the Treaty of Utrecht, 
 and luT yoniiKeNt xiHtfr is Mtill Iutc and iievei' retiivd from tlii' Pri)viri<'« ; and 
 licr hiotiicr ln'iiij,' at tliat time a iiiinoi, I hiitnlily Hiilnnit wlii'thcr any convcyani-c 
 froni Hiifli a pi'isiin can \h- of foici-, or a^ri'ealdu to the purport of Her MajeHtv't 
 aforeHaid letter. 
 
 " I only \m.'h leave to Nay that there enn he no sueii thing as a forfeiture in this 
 province, for all theme that did retire an in manner aforenaid hath ei|ual right to 
 diH|M)Heof their cHtaleH to Kueii of their friendu ami aci|UaintaneeH aa remained, which 
 will )>e a continual har to Hih Majeoty's HritiNli HultjectH. I must therefore olmerve 
 to your lorilxhipH that hei' claim liy conveyance from her hrother can Ik- of no force, 
 liecauHe he uiih then a minor ; and had he lieen of age could only dixpoMe of IiIh own 
 |mrt ; ho that, according to my conception of your lonlMhipH' opinion, she can only 
 be entitled to her own share aH a parcener, 
 
 " I can noways contradict her grandfather's patent letters from the French king 
 further than this, that I must remark to your lordships, that according to the heat 
 information I have met with here (having no other records of advice to apply to 
 than tradition), that during the life of the Mar(|uis D'Auney, he ( I^ituur) was 
 entitled l»y patent to that part of the Province, reaching westerly on St. .John's 
 Hiver, on the north side of the Bay of Kunily, and after Monsieur D'Auney's death. 
 Monsieur Latour having married his widow, he was through her interest absolvetl 
 from the crimes of mal-administration alleged against him liy her former husband, 
 who had been Viceroy of the Province, and his power was then enlarged, but l)eing 
 unable to answer His Majesty, the French king's intentions in settling of the Pro- 
 vince, he a])plied himself to one Le Borgne, iSieur ile Bellisle, for assistance, who 
 supplied him with money and other effects to a very great sum, in order to enable 
 him to prosecute his design, whereupon the said Sieui' le Borgne sent over his son 
 to seize and take care of his interest according to the agreement matle lietween 
 them two, and as things went cross with Monsieur Latour, he put the son in {losses- 
 sion of most, if not all his estate, as a security for the debt, which not lieing as yet 
 paid, the son's widow, one of the daughters of the sai<l LaUmr, by Madame 
 D'Auney, holds part of it to this day (1731). 
 
 "I must again by the same report observe to your lordships that Madame 
 D'Auney, after the death of her husband Latour, considering the low estate she 
 and her five children were reduced to, the estate Ijeing disposed of as aforesaid, 
 applied to the French king for relief. That it was ordered upon her petition that 
 Bellisle, as a valuable consideration of the money advanced should Ite seigneur and 
 receive the rents and profits for seven years, and that the siegneurial estate should 
 be divided share and share alike among her five children. This is asserted by 
 the ancient people in this place and is affirmed to \>e contained in a book calleil 
 "Arrets de Court," which I have not been able to get sight of. 
 
 " So my lords, supposing the conveyance from her brother and one of her sisters 
 
 *Mrs. Campbell (Agatha Latour) was a daughter of Jacques Latour, the eldest 
 son of Charles Amador Latour bj' Madame D Aulnay. Her mother was Anne 
 Melanson. Her first husband was Edmund Broadstreet. 
 
HIHTOUY OF ANNAIMlLI.S. 87 
 
 in k<hm1, mIio cnn only, in my Imtiililo <>|iiniiiii, )«• ctititlcil to (•in<-fiftli part, mid 
 thoHc of till- other Itriimhim wlm arc now, iind iillwiMc Iihvd ri'niiiinfil in thi' rrovinct' 
 (thu ruinainilt>r). I niiiMt uIho with HuhiniHitioii to your lor<lMhi|m, in Hoinu ni<-iiHuri' 
 op|Mmu her uHHcrtiori of thu anioiint'4 of the n'ntH, for nn I imi intorincil IhoMc nl 
 MotiiiM ih> not amount to a k>'*'>iI*'I' ^'<iI<>d than thoMx ol tiiix rivrr, of uliich hiiviii^ 
 mini yon an acconnt I iircsunif to refer to your lordMhips' iMinHiih'iation. 
 
 " L'|M)ii the whole, I hopt! your loi'ilHhipH will pardon my ficiMloni ; I am of 
 opinion that no ^overinneiit, .it that time, could give away to any porNon whatever, 
 that which wai then and allwise liiith lieen judged to lie HIm M.'i pro|H'rty, without 
 ii|N-eial direct ions from Mii* M.'h tinvernnu'nl, connnunii'iitud to the (.'ounoil for that 
 purpoHc. And furthei' I pruHiime to Mij,'nify to your hirdMhipH that uideHH mIu' In 
 limited in her demandN, your hoixiuralilu Hoaril will he eternally trouliled with eon. 
 tinual elainiH liy the other eoheiiH, her lieirN and couxiMH, who upon thou^^hts nf 
 retiring at the pultlication of ller latt^ MajeHty'H letter, made the aforesaid louNey- 
 aneeH, ami not hur lirother and Hixter upon which nhe foiindH liur claiinM, and as I 
 am informed only uonditionally." * 
 
 Tn another despiitcli, wiittcii this year, Armstrttu^ states of the Krciioh 
 inhabitants that they have dt'clined of neglected to laite out new giants 
 of their lands, and tliat " most of them iiave a mile of frontage and a 
 league in deptlj," being dimensions that would enclose 1,000 acres. 
 Hamuel Cottnam, ensign in the 40th regiment, was sent to Minus to 
 enforce the onliiiances of the Council regulating the customs, it havinj,' 
 Ijeen reported to the Board that much clandestine trade was being 
 carried on in that district. Ho received orders to .seize the ves.sels and 
 the traders engaged in it. John Hamilton (naval otKcer at Annapolitt) 
 and Peter Blinn were likewise empowered to make similar seizures. It 
 is {)robablo that Mr. Cottnam was an ancestor, in a maternal line, of 
 the late William Cottnam Tonge, who became in later years one of the 
 ablest debaters in the Assembly of Nova Scotia. 
 
 So great had l)ecome the desire of the French poptilation to annoy and 
 distress the garrison of the old capital that they refused to Ijring in wood 
 to supply it with fuel except at extravagant prices, and the Council were, 
 in consequence, compelled to fix a price which should l)e accepted by 
 them. The sum thus stated was about equal to fifty cents of our money 
 per cord. The Council, in its capacity of a Court of Judicature, '.leld a 
 session in Minas this year (1735). The causes tried \\&d their origin in 
 disputes among the Acadians in that settlemeiit, breaches of the customs, 
 ordinances, and other matters. 
 
 About this time, Captain Aldridge, 40th regiment, who litul been civil 
 and military commandant at Canso, was superseded by the appointment 
 of Major Paul Mascarene, of the same regiment, who was expected to be 
 — as, indeed, he proved to be — a more popular and successful administrator 
 of affairs than his predecessor had been, who from his arbitrary, and 
 
 *Mrs. Campbell's second husl>and — Ensign James Campbell ot the 40th resjinient 
 — died before her. She died at Killarney, in Ireland. 
 
88 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Hoinetimud unjust, conduct, had Ijeen very unpopular. In December, 
 Guion, Doucet and Pino weie punished for <jftences committed by them ; 
 the first, for theft, was sentenced to receive fiftj' lashes from the mtiss- 
 house to the cape, and to serve Stephen Jones,* from whom he had 
 stolen, for thiee years " in recompense ; " the second was doomed to suffer 
 " twenty-five stripes at the cart-tail, and fined four-fold the value of the 
 goods stolen ; " and the last, who was a boy, was sentenced to restore 
 four times the value of what he had stolen, and " to whip the two other8."f 
 
 In June, 1736, a derelict vessel, the brigantine Baltimore, was brought 
 into Annapolis in charge of George Mitchell, the surveyor, and Monsieur 
 Oharles D'Entremont. She had been found in Jebogue harbour about 
 the beginning of the year, at which place eight dead bodies were dis- 
 covered on the shore, and a Mrs. Buckler among the Indians of that 
 district, who affirmed that she was the only survivor of those who had 
 embarked on the ship, and tliat she was the sole owner of it and the 
 cargo, and had been robbed of great " treasures in gold, silver and 
 merchandise," by the Indians. The mystery by which the affair was 
 surrounded caused considerable excitement in the communities on the 
 Annapolis River, and was never wholly explained. No treasures were 
 ever recovered from the Indians though every effort was made to that 
 end. Mrs. Buckler soon afterward found her way to Boston, where she 
 was lost sight of. Mr. Armstrong, in a letter addressed to the Duke of 
 Newcastle, dated Noveml)er 23rd, 1 736, speaks of this affair as follows : 
 "The brigantine Baltimore, of which I wrote to your Grace before, I 
 have now brought into this port ; and as to the person who called herself 
 Mrs. Buckler, I Ijave now sufiicient reasons not only to suspect her rela- 
 tion, but likewise herself. It is reported that the vessel aforesaid sailed 
 from Dublin last fall, witli about sixty or seventy passengers, most of 
 them convicts, who, it is supposed, rose upon the owner, Mr. Buckler, the 
 master, and company, and committed a most barbarous massacre, and 
 afterwards, not knowing their course, or afraid to enter into any place 
 where they might be known, put into a most unfrequented harbour in 
 this bay, where they all perished — God knows how — ^except that miserable 
 woman, who, perhaps, was too deeply involved in the guilt to discover 
 the true story of their misfortunes." % 
 
 In May, St. Ponce, the local priest, and another, named De Chevreaux, 
 
 having deported themselves in a very insolent way before the Council, 
 
 their functions were suspended, and they were ordered to leave the Pro- 
 
 . vince. A new chapel had been recently built " up the river," which is 
 
 said to have l)een better furnished than that in the capital. It is 
 
 *An English marine trader in the Bay of Fuiuly. 
 
 tRecords of Council for 1735. 
 
 IMurdooh, Vol. I., p. 318, in an appendix. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 89 
 
 probable that this chiimh was situated in Granville, not far from Bell- 
 isle.* Mr. Shirreff, secretary to the Council, having obtained l€«ve of 
 absence to visit England, Mr. Otho Hamilton was made secretary /wo 
 tern, in his place; and Edward How, t who was henceforth to act so 
 worthy a part in the ever; j of the next twenty years, was appointed a 
 member of the Board. He had for several years been employed as com- 
 missary of musters at Canso. The 40th (Phillipps') regiment at this time 
 consisted of nine companies, stationed in Annapolis, and one in Placentia, 
 in Newfoundland. Several changes took place in it this year. James 
 Harrison and George Ingram were made captains in it, and John Morris 
 was appointed Captain, vice Gledhill, who had been promoted and made 
 Governor of Placentia. 
 
 A grant of fifty thousand acres of land was passed in 1736, in August, 
 to the persons named hereunder. It was described in the patent by the 
 name of (the township of) " Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, in Nova 
 Scotia." This tract of land wa^s situated in or near Chiegnecto, in 
 what is now Cumberland County, and was escheated and revested in 
 the Crown in 1760. The grantees were Richard Phillipps, colonel 
 of the 40th regiment ; Lawrence Armstrong, lieutenant-governor, and 
 lieutenant-colonel in the same regiment ; John Adams, merchant and 
 member of the Council, a native of Massachusetts; William Shirrefif,t 
 a member of the Council and provincial secretary ; Henry Cope, a 
 member of the Council and major in the 40th regiment ; Erasmus James 
 Phillips, a member of the Council, a captain in the 40th regiment and 
 afterwards the first representative of the county in the Assembly ; Otho 
 Hamilton, a member of the Council and a lieutenant in the 40th 
 regiment ; Edward How, a member of the Council and commissary of 
 musters (afterwards murdered by the French or Indians at Fort Cum- 
 berland) ; King Gould, agent of Major-General Phillipps ; Alured Popple, 
 sometime secretary to the Board of Trade and afterwards Governor of 
 the Bermuda Islands, where he died ; Henry Popple, his son, or, perhaps, 
 bi-other ; Andrew Robinson, a captain in the foot-guards, one of the 
 heirs of Armstrong under his will ; Henry Daniel, a captain in the 40th 
 regiment ; John Handfield, a lieutenant in the 40th regiment, afterwards 
 a member of Council (he lived for forty years in Annapolis and was com- 
 mandant there at the period of the expulsion in 1755) ; Donald McQueen, 
 40th regiment ; Edward Arahurst, a lieutenant in the 40th regiment, 
 deputy surveyor under Colonel Dunbar, successor to George Mitchell, 
 and great-grandfather of General Willia->!^; Thomas Armstrong, 40th 
 
 * A tradition exists to that effect to this day; besides, if I mistake not, some 
 remains have been found indicating the fact. 
 
 f For full particulars of this gentleman's services, the reader is referred to the 
 article in the genealogical part of this work. 
 
 X Mr. Shirreff was a descendant of James, Marquis of Hamilton. 
 
90 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 regiment ; Rowland Phillips (probably a brother of E. J. Phillips, perhaps 
 a son) ; James Gibson ; Charles Vane, an ensign in the 40th regiment, 
 grantee of Goat Island, and either a direct or collateral descendant of 
 Sir Hariy Vane of historical note; Samuel Cottnam, an officer in the 
 40th regiment ; John Hamilton, of the 40th regiment, probably a son of 
 Otho Hamilton ; John Slater, a captain in the 40th regiment (a sub- 
 scribing witness to Armstrong's will) ; John Dyson, a sergeant in the 
 40th regiment and storekeeper to the Board of Ordnance at Annapolis ; 
 George Mitchell, first deputy surveyor of lands under Dunbar ; William 
 Winniett, a member of the Council, then the leading merchant in the 
 Province ; Nathaniel Dounell, merchant of Boston, and long connected 
 with the trade of the Province ; Peter Blinn, a sea-captain and marine 
 trader in the liay of Fundy ; George Ci-addock, Robert Babin and John 
 Forrest. 
 
 A case of arson occurretl in Annapolis in 1737, being the first crime 
 of that name connnitted there. The Council had, under the royal 
 instructions, exercised the powers of a court of judicature in all cases 
 except capital felonies, in regai-d to which those instructions were silent. 
 They were, therefore, niable to bring the offender to trial. He w^as an 
 indentured servant of Lieutenant Amhurst, nd had maliciously set fire 
 to his master's dwelling house, which, with its contents, was entirely 
 destroyed. 
 
 A commission met this year at Hampton, in New Hampshire, to 
 defiue and settle the boundary line between that pr vince and Mas- 
 sachusetts. The commissioners were selected from Rhode Island and 
 Novi Scotia, of wh ;h the former furnished four and the latter three 
 members, nanipiy. Dr. William Skene, Erasmus James Phillips, and 
 Otho Hamilton. Major Alex. Cosby, who had recently succeeded Mr. 
 Mascarene in the command at Canso, arrested captains John Jephson and 
 Patrick Hf^ion of his regiment on some charges that do not clearly 
 appear, though they were tried by court-martial at Annapolis several 
 months afterwards and were acquitted. It was in this year also that 
 Mrs. Campbell (Agatha Latour), by indenture dated December 10th, 
 conveyed to King Gould, of London, her house in Annapolis. In this 
 document she styles herself as " of the City of Kilkenny, in the Kingdom 
 of Ireland, widow," and by it she conveyed all her " right, title, and 
 inie; est in and to one house and garden, together with all outhouses 
 thereunto belonging," for the sum of ten guineas. The site of this 
 dwelling was, probably, near the homestead of the Rev. Jas. J. Ritchie,* 
 Rector of Annapolis, as the land in that section of the town is known to 
 have belonged to the Latours. 
 
 In April, 1738, Armstrong, in a letter to Cosby, at Canso, tells him 
 
 * Now of Rev. Henry How.— [Ed.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 91 
 
 that the winter had been unusally mild and the sprinj^ was very early, 
 adding Mrs. Cosby was well, and that her father (Winniett) had sailed 
 a few da^ 8 before up the bay in one of his vessels. He concludes by 
 counselling unity among the otticers stationed there, in allusion, perliaps, 
 to the differences which had resulted in the arrest of Jephson and Heron, 
 who had not at the date of writing been brought to trial. In June 
 the Council addressed a letter to the 'lovernor-in-chief, Phillipps, who 
 still continued to live in England, in which, among other things, thej' 
 affirm that the establishment of civil government here was impossible, 
 as the inhabitants being Roman Catholics were not eligible to election as 
 representatives; that as they are permitted to hold the best lands, and 
 the Government demands two pence an acre (juitrent on other lands, 
 settlement is greatly retarded, if not completely prevented, especially as 
 immigrants into the other colonies can obtain lands free from quitrents ; 
 that the military force in the Province should be augmented in order to 
 enable them to gain control over the French settlements at the head of 
 the bay; and they alleged that members of Council have of necessity to be 
 selected from the officers of the garrison as there are no other British 
 subjects (fit) to choose from ; and they conclude by stating that they 
 had never had fee or reward for their services as councillors, and had 
 ever discharged their duties to the best of their ability, "with a due 
 regard to the liberty of the subject and the peace and well-being of the 
 Province." 
 
 Grants of lots of marsh lands on Allain's River — now Lequille — 
 were made to Erasmus James Phillips, to Captain Heron and to Otho 
 Hamilton ; and Bear (Imbert) Island was patented on the 10th of 
 November to Captain Henry Daniel. This island contained twenty-five 
 and one-quarter acres and one rood, as shown by a survey made by 
 Lieutenant Amhurst. 
 
 In 1739 ]\Ir. Armstrong sent an officer of the garrison. Captain John 
 Slater, to Minas to enforce the payment o* quitrents due by the settlers 
 there. In his instructions to Slater he says : " As you are also one of 
 His Majesty's Council, (you are) to proceed thither with a sergeant, 
 corporal and eight men under your command, and there with the Secre- 
 tary of the Province, to inquire into the behaviour of these people, and 
 report to the Lieutenant-Governor for further directions." On the 
 25th May he ordered ShirrefF to proceed to Minas to aid Slater in 
 performing the work assigned him. 
 
 During this summer Lieutenant Amhurst, a deputy surveyor of 
 Dunbar, received instructions from his superior to prepare a patent for 
 a township on the Strait of Canso in favour of Edward How and Com- 
 pany ; but this grant was opposed by Mr. Shirreff who alleged it would 
 be contrary to the royal instructions to make such a conveyance, and, 
 
92 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 in consequence, tlie project was abandoned, although the Lieutenant- 
 Governor was known to be in favour of it. Five only of the ten 
 companies forming the 40fch regiment were stationed at Annapolis at 
 this time, and each company consisted of forty-one men only ; the 
 garrison, therefore, comprised but little more than 150 men exclusive 
 of officers, and many of them are said to have been raw recruits. The 
 fort itself was in a state of great dilapidation. 
 
 Toward the close of 1739 an event occurred in the old capital of a 
 startling and horrifying character. Mr. Armstrong's health had been 
 for some time in a declining condition, and many circumstances had 
 happened, during his long administration of affairs, to harass and annoy 
 him and render his life anything but a pleasurable one. He seems to 
 have been possessed of a very sensitive nature, and to have been of a 
 very excitable disposition. Small matters — what to others would appear 
 as trifles — were often magnified in his morbid imagination into objects 
 of great concern and disquietude; and it is more than probable that 
 hi» recent differences with Mascarene, Shirreff and others tended to 
 produce the melancholy condition of mind which resulted in the rash act 
 of suicide by which his life was terminated. He had executed a will on 
 the 14th of November, and ended his existence on the 6th of December 
 by stabbing himself in the breast five times with his sword, which was 
 found near his dead body. By his will he devised his property equally 
 between Captain Robinson, of the foot-guards, George Armstrong, of 
 the Ordnance office, and Ensign Charles Vane, of the 40th regiment. 
 The witnesses to this document were Archibald Rennie and John Slater, 
 officers of the garrison, and Walter Ross, an attorney, the first attorney 
 of whom any mention is made as being a resident in Annapolis. 
 
 Mr. Armstrong's official acts seem, generally, to have been character- 
 ized by a strict sense of justice and love of fair-play, and to have been 
 tempered by due consideration for the wishes and feelings of those whom 
 they were to affect ; and when not excited by opposition, or other 
 influence, his conduct toward those with whom, he associated was 
 marked by much gentleness and urUi^nity of manner, and, on most 
 occasions, he was inclined to counsel moderation, often using his best 
 etlbrts to modify the acerbities and conciliate the disputes which at 
 times disturbed the peace of the communities over which he presided. 
 An inquest was held in consequence of his sad death on the following 
 day and a verdict of "lunacy" returned, and on the same day John 
 Adams, as senior councillor and acting president, assumed the com- 
 mand of the Province. On the 8th of December he wrote an account 
 of the tragic event to the Governor-in-chief and to Governor Belcher. 
 His command, however, was of short duration, the position of right 
 
a^^a^c^ZK^ , 
 
 Hox. Col. Jkan Paul Mascarkxe, 
 
 Uorernor of Xora Scotia, at Annapolis. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 98 
 
 belonging to Mascarene, who was tlie senior of Mr. Adums at the 
 Council Board, and was only prevented from assuming it on account 
 of his absence from the capital when the death of Armstrong took place. 
 
 In January, 1740, Mr. Adams issue<l an order to attach the estate of 
 his deceased predecessor, and to forbid the executors, John Handfield, 
 and Edward Amhurst, from disposing of it, or any part of it, until the 
 seigneurial rents and other crown dues, which had been received by the 
 deceased, shouid be accounted for to the King's Receiver for America. 
 
 Mascarene, who was absent in Massachusetts on leave at the time of 
 Armstrong's death, on hearing of that event hastened to return, and 
 arrived at Annapolis on the 20th of March ; and on the 22nd called a 
 meeting of the Council, over which he claimed the right to preside. 
 This being opposed by Adams it was agreed to leave the question to 
 the other members of the Board <o determine; whereupon, after consul- 
 tation, they unanimously decided in favour of the claims of Mascarene, 
 who was accordingly sworn into office, and immediately issued a 
 proclamation giving notice that he had assumed the government of the 
 Province, and commanding all persons whom it concerned to govern 
 themselves accordingly. Mr. Adams appealed from the decision of 
 the Council, and asked leave to absent himself from its sittings till 
 his remonstrance should be determined in England. His request was 
 granted, but his appeal did not result in his restoration to office.* 
 
 Major Cosby, on the demise of Armstrong, became lieutenant-colonel 
 of the 40th regiment ; and Mascarene became major, vice Cosby. Mr. 
 Winniett was despatched to Chiegnecto with Mascarene's proclamation 
 announcing his assumption of the administration of the Government, and 
 with instructions to report upon the condition of the settlements in that 
 district. In a letter which he wrote to Mr. Bergereau, the President 
 requests him to show every suitable attention to Winniett, who was a 
 gentleman for whom and whose family he affirms he had a high esteem. 
 In his initial despatch to the Duke of Newcastle, dated in November, 
 1740, he states the following facts concerning himself: "I entered this 
 place a captain at its surrendering to the English Government, and had 
 the honour to take possession of it in mounting the first guard, and 
 was brevetted major by Mr. Nicholson, the commander-in-chief of that 
 expedition. I was put down the third on the list of councillors when 
 Governor Phillipps called a Council to manage the affairs of this pro- 
 vince, and have served in the military, being now major to Major-General 
 Phillipps' regiment, and in the civil capacity, ever since, having been 
 employed in several transactions with the neighbouring governments, 
 
 * Mr. Adams was at this time sixty-seven years old, having been Ijorn in 1673. 
 In his memorial to the Duke of Newcastle he calls himself " poor, helpless, and 
 blind." 
 
94 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 especially as a cuminissioner in l)ehalf of this Government to settle the 
 peace with the Indians." In his first despatch to the Lords of Trade, 
 he tells them, as his predecessor Armstrong had often told them before, 
 that it was impossible to form a civil government owing to the paucity 
 of English-speaking Protestant inhabitants, " there being only two or 
 three English families besides those of the garrison." 
 
 Early in 1741 Alexander Bourg was commissioned as Notary and 
 Receiver of the king's dues. The rapidity with which news is now 
 disseminated will ippear the more wonderful when contrasted with the 
 slowness of movement of a century and a half ago. Mascarene, writing 
 on the 14th of March, 1741, to England, informs his correspondent that 
 the latest news received in the colony from Euntpe arrived in the pre- 
 ceding July; and the latest advices from New England reached Annapolis 
 during the previous October. Minutes notv perform the feats which then 
 required months for their accomplishment. 
 
 The winter of 1740-41 was a severelj' cold one ; and to augment the 
 evil a scarcity of food prevailed, rendering the condition of the inhabi- 
 tants most distressing and deplorable. In consequence of this calamity, 
 orders were sent to the king's receivers, at Chiegnecto, Minas and 
 Piziquid, in April, to forward the value of the money collected by 
 them in grain and peas to be distributed to the starving families in the 
 Annaptjlis settlements. This scarcity was not confined to Nova Scotia, 
 but extended to Europe and the West Indies. In England it was so 
 great that the exportation of food was strictly prohibited. During 
 the same month, Shirreff, the secretary, Skene and Erasmus James 
 Phillips left Annapolis to go to New England, to meet the other com- 
 missioners appointed to make an adjustment of the boundary disputes 
 between Massachusetts and Rhode Island. 
 
 The early months of this year witnessed the death of Mr, Winniett, 
 who had for many years been the leading merchant and ship-owner of 
 the Province, and for several years a member of the Council, and whose 
 decease was felt as a calamity by the whole community. He left a will 
 which was dated February, 1726, in which he bequeathed his whole 
 estate, which was no inconsiderable one for that period, to his wife, 
 Magdelaine Winniett, whom he appointed sole executrix. This docu- 
 ment was proved before the Council in August, 1741. One clause of it 
 had special relation to one of his daughters (Margaret), who, it appears, 
 was afilicted with some personal deformity or infirmity which rendered 
 a special provision necessary in her case, should she survive her parents. 
 She did not, however, outlive them ; and it is a somewhat singular fact 
 that the tombstone of this child is the only existing memorial of the 
 family to be found in the ancient graveyard at Annapolis. Mr. Winniett 
 
HISTORY O'-* ANNAl'OI.IS. 95 
 
 was survived by, at least, four of hia cliildren : (1) Anne, who married 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Cosby, of tlie 40th regiment, and who died without 
 issue ; (2) Eli/al>eth, of whom I have not l)een able to recover any 
 particulars ; {',)) Joseph, of whom the reader will find a full notice in 
 the *' Biographical Memoirs " which form a portion of this work ; and 
 (4) Matthew, who died without leaving issue. 
 
 The officiating priest at Annapolis, in 1742, was namefl Nicholas 
 Vauxlin, or Vatjuelin, who came there in 1739. Hf seems to have 
 urged upon the French inhabitants the duty nf submission and obedience 
 to the English authorities, and to have received the approbation of 
 Mascarene. There had been no chaplain to the garrison since 1738, and 
 tlie want of one was nmch felt, and his absence deplorefi by those of the 
 people who needed his services. 
 
 A vessel arrived at the port near the beginning of the year, without 
 anchors ; and her captain, Trefry, applied to the administrator of the 
 Government for the loan of those belonging to the brig Baltimore, of 
 Mrs. Buckler notoriety, which, since 1738 had been laid up near the fort, 
 waiting for the appearance of an owner, and his rec^juest was referred 
 to Erasmus Phillips, who held the commission of King's Advocate in 
 the Court of Vice-Admiralty, whose decision in the matter does not 
 appear. 
 
 Des Enclaves now succeeded Vaquelin as priest. These missionaries 
 were required to obtain leave from the Council before they were permitted 
 to exercise their functions in any part of the Province ; nor were they 
 allowed to move from one parish or place to another without permission 
 from the same authority. This course oil the part of the Government 
 was necessary to prevent the introduction of priests who were known, 
 or supposed to be inimical to English interests, and was the means of 
 keeping them, in some degree, in subjection or under control. On this 
 subject, Mr. Mascarene, in a despatch to the Duke of Newcastle, tells 
 that nobleman that it would prove most injurious to the well-being of 
 the Province to permit the Bishop of Queliec to send missionaries into it 
 at will, and that such a course would render it impossible to bring the 
 French inhabitants into due obedience to the Government. 
 
 As the beginning of 1742 was clouded by the death of Winniett, so 
 the close of 1742 was darkened by the decease of his son-in-law, Cosby, 
 which took place on the 27th of December. He had served for several 
 years as commandant at Canso, and had long held the honourable posi- 
 tion of Lieutenant-Governor of the town of Annapolis; and besides being 
 an active and intelligent officer, he was generally respected by the 
 inhabitants of all parts of the country. His popularity among the French 
 was perhaps traceable, in part, at least, to his marriage with Anne 
 
96 HISTORY OF ANNAPOMS. 
 
 Winniett, who was a native of the Province, and eHteemed by the French 
 people as — through her mother — a scion of their race. Her father, 
 as tlie reader already knows, had V)een a proniinent meinlier of the 
 community from the e(m(|uest, in 1710, to the flay of his death in 1 742. 
 
 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The first Masonic lyxlge in Nova Scotia was organi/e<i at Annapolis 
 Royal, in 1738. It was fourth in the oi-der of precedence of loflges 
 chartered by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. It was calle<l the 
 Annapolis Royal Lodge, and' Erasmus James Phillips was its first 
 worshipful master. — [Ed.] 
 
('HAPTKH VII. 
 
 1742 174G. 
 
 Mnscnirnp'H (leK('ri|iti<)n of town ami fort — He l)»!t(mu'K (loveinof of lioth War with 
 Fnince — Li- Linitrt! lemln the Iniliiins in iin iittiick — IiivestK thi- town — 
 l)u VivierV forniitliiblc iittiick He fiiil« to tt-rrify the neutralH into joining 
 him— Skirniisli'-s and |>i'o|inHalH for ('apitnlation — He laiKt-M the siejie Marin'H 
 weaker attempt- Fonilion anil eomluet of AeadianH — Naval defentiive 
 inuaHiircH. 
 
 IN atlespiitoli of MascanMie to the Duke of Nt'wcastlo, dated December 
 Ist, 1743, he 'eters to tlie condition of the tort at AnnapoliH, which, 
 he says, " is apt to tumble down in heavy rains or in thaws after frosty 
 weather, as it is formed of earth of a sandy and friable nature. To 
 prevent this a revestment of timbers had lieen made use of, which soon 
 decaying remedies the evil but for a short time, so that for these many 
 years past there has been only a continual jiatching. The Board of 
 Ordnance has sent engineers and artificers in order to build the fort with 
 brick and stone, but. little more could be done for these two summers past 
 than providing part of the materials, and making conveniences for land- 
 ing them ; so that when I received the above-mentioned directions there 
 were several breaches of easy access to an enemy, which I immediately 
 directed to be repaired, in which the season has favoured us beyond 
 expectation." Afttir stating that an increase was required in the num- 
 bers of the garrison, he thus writes of the town : " It cttnsists of two 
 streets, the one extending along the river side and the other along the 
 neck of land the extremities whereof are of a quarter of a mile distant 
 from the fort, has no defence against a surprise from the Indians. The 
 materials for the new building and the artificers are lodged there, as well 
 as several families belonging to the garrison, who, for want of conveniency 
 in the fort, are obliged to (juarter there." 
 
 A French-Canadian, named Vannier, who was accused of having 
 obtained money under false pretences from the inhabitants of Minas, was 
 arrested in Annapolis alwut this time and confined in prison for some 
 weeks. The Council finally ordered that he should be sent out of the 
 Province j an order, however, which was never carried into effect, as he 
 7 
 
98 HISTOUV OF ANVAIHHJS. 
 
 siivi>d tlifiii the troiiltlt* by lllakill^ his «>scit|Mi from ^iiol and It^nvin^ tho 
 ctiuntry voluntarily. 
 
 In I7I( MiiHciinMic wiih niiulo liicutfniiiit (•ovt<rnor i<( tli)> fort uiul 
 town, tlius uniting in liis own person tlii< funt'tions of two otlioes, or 
 connniuxis, t\u' holding of whioli Ity different individuuls liud su often !«!<! 
 to ditliculti(<s and diHi)ut<>s injurious to the |m>h(-<> and liarinony of tht; 
 pfople and tlii^ ;;arrison, as woll as of the pulilio intt>rcsts. 'I'he Lieutftwint- 
 (tovornor of the Province was supreni<> in the administration of purely 
 oisil affairs, and th« Li«'utenant (»overnor of the fort controlled and 
 directed the military duties. This system had l>een the means of making 
 enemies of men who oth»«rwiso would have Imm-ii fiiends ; and the heart- 
 l)urnin>,'s and jealousies which had separated Armstrong and Coshy and 
 Mascarene were directly traceable to this dual system of administration, 
 and would tiot have occurred if this system had not existed. The uni<m 
 of these otlices in one individual, therefore, may be regarded as a fortunate 
 circumstance fcu' the colony. 
 
 War has ing l)een declared against tlie French by England, the com- 
 paratively peaceful compl(?xioi> of colonial affairs in America Itecame 
 suddenly changed. The Indians were excited into acts of open hostility 
 by the French priests of Acadie, and the French peasantry were but 
 little inclined to render assistance to the Government to '.vhich they 
 owed the continued po-saession of their lands, and the protection of their 
 lives and property. 
 
 A knowledge of the declaration of war having reached Du Quesnal, 
 the (Jovernor of Cape Breton, before .vnything of it was known at Port 
 Royal or Boston, tlie French had ample time to fit out a formidable 
 expedition at Louisburg for the capture of Canso. This armament, 
 which consisted of several vessels and nine hundred men of all arms, 
 burned the villagre ; took the companies of the 40th regiment then 
 stationed there prisoners of war, and captured the tender of a ship of war 
 which chanced to be in that port. These events happened on the 13th 
 of May, and it was not known at Annapolis that war had been declared 
 until the 18th of June, on which day a proclamation of it was published. 
 Just a month before the date of this event the gofxl people of the old 
 capital suffered a great scare, from a false report which had gained 
 circulation and credence at the same time. It was stated that Morpain, 
 the commander of a privateer during the last war, was up the river at 
 the head of five hundred French and Indians, and intended an immediate 
 attack upon the town. 
 
 The wives and children of many of the officers were placed on board 
 the vessels then in the port to be transferred to Boston as a place of 
 safety ; and the families of those officers who resided outside the fort 
 were at once placed within it as a sanctuary ; and all articles of value, 
 
IIIMTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS. 99 
 
 not alrt'iiily tlirio, aUn foiiiui ii pliicf of (It'pusit witliiii itH wiiiU. It is 
 >uii(l tliH t'oi't (!ontiiiiit'(l iiiort' thiiii scviMity wuiiifii and oliildrcii aftt>r all 
 tlicMf ari-aiixt'iiH'iits lia<l ln't-n ctl'fctfd. Irnin*Hliate ordcrH wi-ri' given to 
 the clii«'t' i'n>^inf»T to it'pair and Htrcn^tlu'ii tlio works of the fort, and 
 th« French inhabitants were eoninianded to furnish the tiinlM-r required 
 for that [turpose and to attsiHt in the wurk.* These precautionary nieasurcH 
 for defence were not undertaken a moment t(M) s<Min, for on the first day 
 of July a party of tiireo hundred Indians suddenly made their appearance 
 Itefore the fort. They were commanded and led l»y that accomplished 
 arch-erjemy of Knj^lish rule, the priest Iav Fioutre. As soon as it was 
 known they had arrived in the up-river settlements, the French inhabi- 
 tants, who had been tnnployed on the works, or in other ways, h^ft the 
 town and returned to their alKHles that tlu^y might not Ih* engaged in 
 its defence against the attacks of their friends. The position of atFairs 
 was anything but assuring. The repairs on the fortifications luul only 
 Ijeen l)egun, the five companies of the 10th regiment in the garrison did 
 not numl)er one hundred men, and the workmen who had been sent 
 from Massachusetts to assist in restoring the fort, were more or less 
 unwilling to act the part of a soldier, as they had not lieen originally 
 employed for that purpose. Their lea''er had collected his forces and 
 formed a sort of camp on the south-east 'rn side of the cape and might at 
 any moment l)e moved to the attack. The first blcxKlshed occurred in 
 this way. Two soldiei -;. who against ordeis to the contrary, had ventured 
 a short flistance from the town, perhaps to reconnoitre the invading forces, 
 were shot by a skulking jtarty of Indians. On the next day Mascarene 
 sent u missive to the In^sieging part}'. It has the ring of the true metal, 
 and reads thus : 
 
 " Annai'oms Rovai., .July 3nl, 1744. 
 
 " <iENTi,EMEN,--Tla' tirnt sliot you hiartl tired from the fort was according to 
 our custom when we think we have eiieniieH. AfterwardH your (Hiople killed two of 
 our Holdiurs who wore in the gardenR without arms. I'm resolved to defen<l this 
 fort until the last di'0]> of my blood against a'.l the enemies of the King of Great 
 Britain, my master ; whereupon you can take your course. Ko I sign my name. 
 
 "(Signed), 1'. Mamcarenk. 
 
 " To the. IiidiiDiM ii'ho air at, the Gape," 
 
 Emboldened by the success of their initial attempt, the savages deter- 
 mined to attack the fort in force. The physiognomy of the grounds 
 surrounding the fortifications was considerably different in those old 
 times from what it is now. A ravine, or hollow, then extended across 
 the highway or street in the neighbourhood of the court-house, and ran 
 north-westwardly to the foot of the glacis, on the south or south-west side 
 
 * See despatches and letters of Mascarene on this subject quoted in Chapter 
 IX.-[Ed.] 
 
100 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 of the fort. This ravine then offered great facilities to a]l assailants of 
 the place. Permission appears to have been given to the inhabitants, 
 from time to time, to build huts, barns and stables in that vicinity, 
 and quit? a number of thera existed there at this period, affording at 
 once shelter to an enemy and a basis of attack. It was from this 
 point that Le Loutre commanded his Indians to make their attempt, 
 which they inaugurated by a sharp, but not protracted discharge of fire- 
 arms ; but the guns of the fort having been turned upon them, they 
 were soon dislodged from their cover and compelled to desist from their 
 operations from this quarter. They then turned their attention to the 
 lower town, which they soon set on fire. Between the fort and the 
 lower part of the town stood a block-house in the middle of the street — 
 probably not fai* south of the Mohawk Fort already referred to. A guard, 
 under command of a sergeant, occupied it, and finding the conflagration 
 extending rapidly toward them, and fearing that his men and himself 
 might perish in the flames, he sent to Mascarene asking leave to abandon 
 it, which was grjvnted, as it seems that liis fears were well founded. At 
 this juncture the engineer proposed to j lace an additional force on board 
 the ordnance tender, with instruction ,o get the vessel into a position 
 from which she would l)e able to sweep the street with her cannon. This 
 scheme was adopted, and a companj' of artificers and other volunteers 
 formed and placed under the orders of the captain, who was joined by 
 Edward How as a volunteer. Directions were now given to replace 
 the guard in the abandoned block-house so that it might be used as a 
 point d'ajtpai for the double purpose of driving V)ack the assailants and 
 arresting the progress of the flames. Tliese plans succeeded iidmirably ; 
 the Indians were driven out ; the wooden fences near the block-house 
 were removed, and some houses in ts near vicinity den-olished, as they 
 would otherwise afford shelter to the foe in another attack. At the 
 same time Mascarene ordered the houses and other buildings south of the 
 fort to be pulled down, together with those within half a gun-shot from 
 the fort. In giving these commands tlie house of Captain Daniel- which 
 held been recently built, and which stoofl somewhat farther away than 
 the others — was mswle an exception, though it did not escape destruction, 
 for the Indians rifled it, and the shot from the guns of the fort, u,«ed 
 to dislodge them, riddled it so much as to render it useless without 
 very considerable and expensive repair. The assailants, who now found 
 it dangerous to approach the glacis of the fort, fell back to their camp 
 on the cipe and contented themselves with stealing some sheep, swine 
 and :dttle. 
 
 A vessel from Massachusetts arrived on the 5th, having on board 
 seventy men, a captain and an ensign to reinforce the garrison. When 
 this became known to Le Loutre, he and his Micraac and Malicete 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 101 
 
 warriors retreated to the settlements, near to where Bridgetown now 
 stands ; and when they had sutticiently rested themselves they 
 proceeded to Miuas, there to await the development of events at 
 Louisburg, from which place they expected reinforcemonts, and tiie 
 co-operation of a naval force to act in conjunction with them in case 
 they should oe ordered to make another attempt. 
 
 Scarcely two months had passed away before a fresh attack was made 
 with largely increased forces under the command of Du Vivier.* This 
 interval had been devoted by the English commander to a repair of 
 arms, the drilling of the auxiliaries sent from Massachusetts, and the 
 sending away of the women and children to a place of safety. Du Vivier 
 had landed the reinforcements he brought with him, and which consisted 
 of a company of regulars and two or three hundred militia, on the 
 isthmus at the head of the Bay of Fundy, and made his way thence to 
 Minas by land, where he halted a day or two, uniting with his troops 
 those which had so recently and unsuccessfully attempted to drive the 
 English from their beloved Acadie. Du Vivier now issued a proclamation 
 to the inhabitants of Minas, Piziquid, Cobequid and River Canard, in 
 which he ordered them " to acknowledge the obedience they owed to 
 the King of France," and called upon them to furnish him with horses 
 and men, threatening those who refused compliance with his demands 
 with being punished by delivering them " into the hands of the savages 
 as enemies of the State, as we cannot refuse the demands which the 
 savages make for all those who will not submit themselves." This 
 formal document was dated August 27th, 1744. He then ordered an 
 immediate march of all his forces toward Annapolis ; but having again 
 rested his men near Round Hill, he did not reach the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood of the tort until the first days of September. On the morning 
 after their arrival, Hushed with the hope and the promise of victory, they 
 marched boldly toward the fortifications, with their colours displayed, 
 keeping as much as possible, however, under the cover of hedges and 
 fences in order to avoid the effects of the discharges of artillery, to 
 which they looked forward as a necessary consetjuence of their upproach. 
 But it was not until they had got well up toward the foot of the glacis, 
 that a gun sent a ball, aimed at their colours, which, it is said, passed so 
 near to Du Vivier and his brother as to give them a very unpleasant 
 apprehension of a too warm reception if they made a nearer approach, 
 and, in consequence, they at once retraced their steps to the eastern 
 slopes of the hills at the end of the cape, whence they determined to 
 make their future onsets by night, thus hoping to avoid, at least to some 
 extent, the effects of the English artillery. Night after night they 
 
 * Francis du Pont du Vivier, a descenduut of the Latours, and a n:i tive of Port 
 Royal. 
 
102 HISTORY OV ANNAPOLIS, 
 
 marched up under cover of the darkness, following the course of the 
 ravine before named, to the parapet of the walls near the covered way. 
 These attacks were exceedingly annoying and embarrassing to the garri- 
 son, keeping them constantly on the i,ui vive during the whole night. 
 They were continued for some time but without any gain to the besiegers 
 or material loss to the besieged, when Du Vivier determined upon a 
 change of tactics. It was believed that a considerable fleet had been 
 ordeied to act in concert with the assailants, and the French commauvJer, 
 therefore, sent his brother under a flag of truce to ^lascarene, with a 
 letter to him, in which he assured him he expected daily the arrival of 
 three ships of war of seventy, sixty and forty guns respci'tively, all of 
 them manned one- third above the usual complement, and a transport 
 vessel having on board two hundred regular troops, with cannon, mortars 
 and other engines of war ; and declared that it would be impossible for 
 the English to successfully withstand such a force, and that he would, 
 without doubt, be compelled to surrender the fort with its munitions 
 and garrison as soon as they should arrive ; and concluded by suggesting 
 that Mascarene shouKl now enter into eondilinnal articles of surrender, 
 in which he promised very favourable terms, and attirmed, in case such 
 a course should be entertained, that the articles should not be carried 
 into effect nor l>e considered in any way binding until statements con- 
 cerning the expected naval reinforcement should be verified by its arrival 
 before the town ; and also if succours should arrive in the meantime for 
 the garrison, they should be looked upon as of no effect. He concluded 
 his communication by stating that he now had a suflicient force to take 
 the place by assault, having in possession and at hand a full supply of 
 scaling ladders and combustibles sufficient to ensure success should he 
 make the trial. He also declared that this overture and the agreement, 
 if entered into, should be regarded as a secret between them as com- 
 manders. Du Vivier's object in this bit of diplomacy was, no doubt, to 
 crea 1 dissensions among the oflficers of the garrison, a result which 
 came very near being realized, as the secjuel will show. 
 
 Mascarene sent the bearer of this letter back, telling him to say to 
 Du Vivier that he -"ould forward a reply on the following day at noon. 
 He then called the officers of the garrison together and submitted the 
 contents of the communication to them, and at the time specified he 
 despatched an answer to the effect that ;he did not fear the result of an 
 assault, being prepared to meet and repel it, and that it would be suffi- 
 ciently early to determing what course he should pursue when the ships 
 and soldiers referred to should have arrived. This reply does not seem to 
 have pleased Du Vivier, who sent again to Mascarene, proposing a truce 
 to active hostilities until the fleet should have put in an appearance, but 
 on the condition that the terms he had offered should be conditionally 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 103 
 
 accepterl, urging that the besieged would run no risk in complying with 
 this request. 
 
 This proposal found considerable favour with the officers, who, in case 
 of its acceptance, would be relieved from the hardships of night vigilance 
 and other disagreeable duties incident to a state of siege ; and all of 
 them but three or four advi.sed concession to the Frenchman's demands. 
 They urged the ill-condition of the fort, the dread of being msKle prisoners 
 of war after av assault, the uncertainty of the arrival of succours, and 
 above all that no risk was to be run by the proposed arrangements, as 
 reason for their advice. Mascarene was filled with apprehensions at the 
 results of a distinct refusal, and determined, while he appeared to give a 
 reluctant consent, not to sign any terms of capitulation unless forced to 
 do so by other circumstances. He therefore appointed three of his officers 
 as commissioners to wait on Du Vivier and obtain a draft of the terms uf 
 the proposed conditional surrender, that he might have them in writing. 
 This was done, the draft was obtained, and its provisions were found 
 to be all that had been promised — - very favourable to the garrison. 
 Mascarene was solicited to sign it at once, but he declined to do so, and 
 suggested that the commissioners might themselves sign it, taking due 
 care that the act should be considered as a preliminary only ; and they 
 were sent back to the enemy's camp to inquire if such a course would be 
 agreeable to Du Vivier ; but the Frenchman, losing all patience — or 
 professing to do so — at the reluctance of his adversary, refused to accede 
 to this half-way proposition, and demanded an unconditional surrender, 
 handing them, at thf same time, a draft so diflTerent in terms from the 
 former that they at once refused even to o;„rry it to their chief, who was 
 much gratified at this termination of the negotiations, and decided to 
 renew hostilities on the next day. 
 
 It is stated that a few hours before the renewal of hostilities, Masca- 
 rene was informed that the men under his command, not understanding 
 the object of so long a truce pnd parley with the enemy, threatened to 
 seize their officers and carry on the defence of the fort without them, 
 being apprehensive that they desired to surrender the town without 
 further struggle. This was a very reassuring fact to their commander, 
 who now made them fully acquainted with all that had taken place and 
 of his intention to renew the defence, upon which they gave him three 
 hearty cheers, to mark their confidence in him as a leader. 
 
 From this time to the raising of the siege the daily skirmishes and 
 nightly attacks continued for two or three weeks, but without any issue 
 of consequence. Toward the end of September a brig and sloop arrived 
 from Boston, with a detachment of Goreham's (Indian) rangers, which 
 were intended to be used as scouts. This corps afterwards proved of 
 very considerable service to the garrison at Annapolis and elsewhere in 
 
104 HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS. 
 
 the Province. Sljortly after their arrival, one of tlioir number having 
 straggled too far from his friends, fell into the hands of the besiegers, and 
 Mascarene sent out a number of liis men with a view to his rescue, when 
 a skirmish ensued in which the garrison had a sergeant killed and one 
 private wounded ; not, however, without having inHicted as much or 
 more injury on the enemy. 
 
 Du Vivier, finding that i-einforcements had been thrown into the fort, 
 and the fleet and succours promised him having failed to arrive, Ijegan to 
 fear that his expedition was to prove a failure. The autumn was rapidly 
 passing away, and the winter as rapidly advancing, when it would be 
 impossible for him to continue the siege, owing to want of provisions 
 and shelter for his men ; he therefore determined to abandon his opera- 
 tions and retire homeward, which he did immediately after the occurrence 
 of the skirmish above mentioned. In an account of these events, 
 Mascarene informed Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, that he had, on 
 the day previous to this affair, said in the presence of the scout who had 
 been captured, that he intended to pay a personal visit to the enemy's 
 camp as soon as the rangers had returned from the basin — whither he 
 had sent them after wood — and he naively concluded his narrative by 
 saying : " Monsieur Du Vivier did not care to stay for it, for he decamped 
 the next morning, in very rainy weather, toward Manis, to which place 
 he had a very wet and fatiguing journey," and assigns his threatened visit 
 as one of the causes of his hasty departure.* Murdoch (Vol. I., page 37) 
 informs us that " tradition says that the French and Indians entrenched 
 themselves for six weeks, living on venison, as they brought no supplies 
 with them ; that the French flag was shot away, and an Indian, who 
 was making himself very conspicuous on a rock still remaining, was killed 
 by the fire from the fort." 
 
 The conduct of Du Vivier toward the French inhabitants during this 
 expedition was so manifestly impolitic, unwise and unjust as to excite at 
 once feelings of anger and wonder. He certainly knew that the treatment 
 of his countrymen by their conquerors had been marked by much kindness 
 and generosity. None knew better than he that it was to their interests 
 to be faithful to the English, who had permitted them to occupy their 
 lands, notwithstanding their forfeiture under the provision of the articles 
 of capitulation, made at the surrender of Port Royal; that they had been 
 allowed the free exercise of their religion, and exempted from taking 
 arms in defence of the Province against the attacks of France, and that 
 generally they were freer and happier under British, than they had ever 
 been under French, rule. It was therefore certain that if he desired 
 their good wishes and assistance on this occasion, he should have con- 
 ciliated them by a course of conduct marked by a desire for their good. 
 
 * Printed Archives, page 147. 
 
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 105 
 
 and should have pledged the fullest security of their property, and 
 immunity from the consei|uences of their adhesion to liis cause. But if 
 we may believe the statements so abun(iantly and circumstantially made 
 in the records preserved to us, he adopted an entirely opposite course, in 
 which he only succeeded in arousing feelings of alienation and distrust, 
 and that, too, to so great a degree that not a dozen of them volunteered 
 to serve under his standard in this memorable siege. Mascarene says : 
 " As soon as the French and Indians left our river, the deputies of the 
 inhabitants came before me in council, and represented the dread they 
 had been kept in by the French commander producing his written orders, 
 threatening with death those who should disobey. They assured me, 
 however, that notwithstanding the entreaties and threats of Monsieur 
 Du Vivier, none of the inhabitants could be persuaded to take up arms 
 and join the enemy." The same fact was also athrmed by the deputies of 
 the banlieue or Annapolis District. 
 
 Scarcely had the retreating foe reached Minas, when two ships of war, 
 with a number of officers and men, arrived in the basin, and seized two 
 vessels which came in during the same tide, from Boston, being laden 
 with stores for the Massachusetts' auxiliaries, then in the Annapolis 
 garrison. The commander of the French ships, finding that the siege had 
 been raised, did not make any hostile demonstration against the town, 
 though he was joined on the day after his arrival by a sloop of war 
 having on board mortars, cannons and other . warlike stores, but con- 
 tented him with the captures he had made and quietly sailed away. 
 "Thus," continues Mascarene in the despatch already quoted above, 
 " were the French with their clans of Indians, obliged to leave us for 
 this year, after making three several attempts, in which, though their 
 measures had been well taken at first, yet were baffled at last, for we 
 iiave heard since that the men-of-war mentioned by Monsieur Du Vivier 
 had everything ready to come to reduce us, but at some intelligence of an 
 English squadron bound to these northern parts, they dropped their 
 enterprise, and sent the shipping above mentioned." The safety of the 
 fort, he ascribes " to tlie breaking of the French measures, the timely 
 .succours received from the Governor of Massachusetts, and our French 
 inhabitants refusing to take up arms against us. 
 
 "The first had prepared such a force as, in the opinion of all, con- 
 sidering the ill condition of this fort, we should not have been able to 
 resist ; by the second our men were eased in the constant duty in the 
 many ruinous places in our ramparts required to attend ; and if the 
 inhabitants had taken up arms they might have brought three or four 
 thousand men against it, who would have kept us still on harder duty, 
 and by keeping the enemy a long time about us, made it impracticable to 
 repair our breaches, or to get our firewood and other things of absolute 
 necessity." 
 
106 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Mascarene fully expected a renewal of tlie attack in the coming spring 
 and therefore devoted the short days of the intervening winter, which 
 happened to prove very favourable, to repairing the fortifications and 
 strengthening their defences. But the events which were about to 
 develop themselves at Louisburg were such as to render his position more 
 hopeful than it otherwise would have been. The neighbouring colonies 
 had determined to attempt to capture this stronghold of France in Isle 
 Royale, and the knowledge of this fact made it necessary for the Gover- 
 nor of that island to prepare to defend himself instead of making pre- 
 parations to attack others. Annapolis, however, did not entirely escape 
 invasion ; for in the month of May, 1745, Marin, a young Canadian officer, 
 commanding a mixed InKly of French and Indians numbering about six 
 hundred souls, made a short and futile demonstration against it. He 
 succeeded in taking two small vessels, and mode prisoner of a woman ; but 
 having received orders to hasten with his forces to assist in the rlefence 
 of TiOuisburg, he soon left the town free from further inconvenience. It 
 was at the time of his approach that Mr. Bastide, the Engineer-in-chief, 
 advised the pulling down of several houses which stood too near the 
 block-house. One of these buildings belonged to a Sergeant Davis, and 
 the others to Olivier, Adams, Ross and Hutchinson. These buildings 
 were situated tt) the north-east of the block-house, and as the wind blew 
 strongly from that direction, this course was deemed necessary for the 
 safety of the town and fort. The house of Olivier, or as he was called 
 by the English " Oliver," was located in what is still known as the 
 "Cooper lot," in Annapolis, adjoining the grounds of the railway station. 
 Governor Vetch was the original owner of this house. He sold it in 
 1771, and as I have said elsewhere the deed of conveyance is still extant. 
 
 Part of Marin's forces embarked on board a vessel with a view to 
 reaching Louisburg as soon as possible, but they were so closely watched 
 and pursued by provincial armed sloops that they were hindered from 
 reaching their destination until too late. Marin seems to have adopted 
 the harsh and threatening policy of Du Vivier toward the French inhabi- 
 tants. This is apparent from the written orders issued by him and which 
 are still in existence. Murdoch informs us (Vol. II., p. 74), " The 
 deputies stated that the behaviour of the enemy toward the inhabitants 
 had been very harsh. That coming in the night they sent men to every 
 house whilst the dwellers were buried in sleep, and threatened to put to 
 death any that should stir out or come near the fort. That they had 
 been ordered to furnish weekly a certain quantity of cattle, and to bring 
 their carts and teams, the orders being, most of them, on pain of death." 
 
 In the autumn of 1745, the supplies of live stock for the use of the 
 garrison at Annapolis, while on their way from Minas were cut off by a 
 party of Indians, who were supposed to have been encouraged by the 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 107 
 
 inhabitants of that place ; and a few of Goreham's rangers were surprised 
 on Goat Island, where tliey were stationed, information of their where- 
 abouts having been probably furnished to the enemy Vjy some of the 
 adjacent settlers. While the siege and capture of Louisburg renders 
 this year memorable in the annals of Acadian history, it made the two 
 following years periods of comparative repose for Annapolis. 
 
 Mascnrene's correspondence with the Duke of Newcastle about this time 
 expressed a fear that the French inhabitants of the Province would join 
 the enemy in case Fi-ance should send a sutticiently large and well- 
 organized expedition to attempt the recovery of Nova Scotia. He 
 believed their religion, their patriotism and the ties of race alike urged 
 them to such a course ; and he seems to have been justified in coming to 
 this conclusion, for it had been affirmed by the Governor of Canada in a 
 despatch to the French minister that "the attachment of the Acadians 
 to the Crown of France could not be doubted." This despatch was 
 written by the Marquis de Beauharnois, then governor, in September, 
 1745. He writes: 
 
 " As regards the disposition of the inhabitants toward ub, all with a very small 
 exception, are desirous of returning under French dominion. Sieur Marin and 
 the officers of his detachment as well as the missionaries have assured us of this ; 
 they will not hesitate to take up arms as soon as they see themselves at liberty to do 
 80 ; that is, as soon as we shall have become masters of Port Royal, or they have 
 powder and other munition of war, and will be backed by some sedentary troops 
 for their protection against the resentment of the Knglish. . . . Tlie reduction of 
 Louisburg has, however, disccmcerted them. Monsieur Marin has reported to us 
 that the day he left Port Royal all the inhabitants were overpowered with grief. 
 This arose only from their apprehension of remaining at the disposition of the 
 enemy, of losing their property, and of being deprived of their missionaries." 
 
 This despatch is so filled with interesting particulars that I cannot but 
 transcribe a few more of them. He adds : 
 
 "The Acadians have not extended their plantations since they have come under 
 English rule ; their houses are wretched wooden Iwxes, without conveniences, and 
 without ornaments, and scarcely containing the most necessary furniture ; but they 
 are extremely covetous of specie. Since tlie settlement of Isle Royale they have 
 drawn from Louisburg, by means of their tra<le in cattle, and all the other pro- 
 visions, almost all the specie the king annually sent out ; it never makes its appear- 
 ance aijaia ; they are partindarly earcfid to conceal it. . . . The enemy will not 
 fail to stock the place — Annapolis — abuntlantly with all the stores necessary for its 
 defence, and to strengthen its garrison. This consisted of three hundred men when 
 Sieur Marin left the place in the beginning of June. There were then six 24- 
 pounders pointed toward the river ; one t\velve-inch mortar and thirty pieces of 
 cannon on the ramparts. The fort is square with four bastions, being about 180 
 toises — 360 yards— from one bastion to the other. The wall is of earth faced with 
 squared timber ten to twelve inches in breadth and eighteen feet long, joined 
 together and set up perpendicularly ; the embrasures of the parapets are very open ; 
 the top of the parapets is set off with round sticks, twelve inches in diameter. 
 
108 HISTOItY OF ANNAI'OLIH. 
 
 fuMtt'iiuil will) n)|>u l>ii<1h, tliuxu HtickM huing ho iliHpitHt'd im to iidniit of Iteing 
 (>|)eiiu<l anil Mlippetl ovur the tuliiM of the |)iii'ii|M!t witli a view to l)re»k tliu litildurs 
 which wouhl Im' employed in Healing. Tlie ditch may he ten or twelve toiHOH — 
 twenty or twenty-four yards — wide and half as miicii deep ; in its centre ia a 
 ounette with a palisade ; tlie covert way is nothing else than the coiinter-soarpe. 
 The glacis, with well-defined, salient and entering angle, may Im fifteen toisos 
 — thirty yards. Tiie outworks consist of tiie thi'ee block-houses; one situated 
 between tlie nioutli of the little river an<l the fort, and defends the plain ; the 
 other two K.N. K. of said fort tiefend the approach of the U)wer town. 'Tis to 
 be observed that during Marin's sojourn all the houses in the lower town wore 
 abaniloned. The most j)art belong to the officers of tlie garrison. 
 
 " Vou will see, my hird, by the annexed journal, that Mr. Mascarene had com- 
 menced in May to have the north side of Goat Island olearetl, either with a view to 
 discover at a greater distance the ships that enter the narrow mouth of the harbour, 
 the view of which is intercepted by trees, or rather to erect a battery upon it, to 
 <lefend the (mly shi|> channel between that island and the mainland, and by that 
 means prevent vessels going up so far as the fort. It is to be presumed that the 
 Knglish have now erected that battery, and that they will, on receipt of the first 
 news of pi'e]>aration against Acadie, construct another battery at the entrance of 
 the strait. }Siiouhl they erect one on Goat Island, it will not prevent ships enter- 
 ing and anchoring in the basin, nor troops landing on the south shore opposite the 
 anchorage grounils. 'Twill l»e very easy to render the road from that point to 
 Port Royal passable for artillery destined for the attack ; the distance is about three 
 leagues. " 
 
 In the spring of 1746 Mascarene detained His Majesty's ship Dover 
 for the protection of the town against a possible attack, though he had a 
 few months before commissioned a vessel called the Ordnance Packet in 
 the public service. She was, however, chiefly employed in carrying pro- 
 visions and stores from Boston to Louisburg and Annapolis. In Apri' 
 the river deputies were ordered to furnish men to assist in building a 
 new wharf near the fort, probably the one in late years known as the 
 Queen's, or "Government wharf," the ruins of which have long been 
 conspicuous. They were required to send at least forty for that purpose. 
 It was during this summer that Mascarene commanded that three guns 
 should be fired from one of the bastions, whenever any of the soldiers 
 should be found to have deserted, and the inhabitants were required, 
 when tliey heard the signal, to guard the various roads and other 
 avenues of escape, and if possible to seize the runaways. About the 
 .same time the schooner Fame was sent to Louisburg with despatches, 
 and the Ordnance Packet ordered up the bay to prtHJure intelligence 
 concerning the movements of Le Loutre and his people in that quarter. 
 Tlie same vessel, later in the season, was ordered to cruise in the mouth 
 of the Bay of Fundy, in order to destroy the enemy's ships which should 
 approach the basin from that direction, or to convoy friendly vessels 
 inward bound, into port, as circumstances or occasion required. She 
 carried a small armament, and a sergeant and ten men from the garrison 
 in addition to her crew. 
 
CHAPTER Vlll. 
 
 1746-1756. 
 
 Raniexay investH AnnapoliH — MaHcurene reinfcirwd — Nolile's force at Grand Pre 
 Hurprisod and cut to piocen — Arrest of tweh'e French traitors wanted — 
 Morris' proposal to settle Knglish families l)etween the Acadian settlements 
 — Peace — Halifax founded by Cornwallis Becomes the capital — Acadians 
 refuse to take uni|ualiHcd oath— Ask leave to depart — Leave refused— How's 
 treacherous mui'der -Lawrence (iovernor- French at Annapolis again ask 
 leave to retire — Their sudden sei/.ure aiul dispersion. 
 
 THE loss of Louisburg had filled France with chagrin and mortifica- 
 tion, and she determined to attempt its recovery, and restore her 
 dominion over the whole of Acadie. To effect this purpose she fitted out 
 an expedition, consisting of fifty ships of war, and a land force of three 
 or four thousand men, under the command of the Due d'Anville. Tl^is 
 great armament tlu-eatened to restore and perpetuate the supremacy 
 of France in that part of America, and its commander was specially 
 instructed to reduce Annapolis as well as Louisburg ; and but for what 
 appears to have been an interposition of Providence, the old fortress of 
 Port Royal would probably have passed once more into the hands of its 
 ancient masters. A succession of storms assailed this ill-starred fleet, 
 and disease and pestilence completed the disasters that were begun by 
 the elements. A Canadian force, under the command of the Chevalier 
 de Ramezay, with Coulon de Villiers and La Corne, as lieutenants, had 
 been organized to aid and support D'Anville in his intended conquests. 
 The Canadian commander received orders to invest the works at Anna- 
 polis, and act in concert with a division of the fleet, which was to be 
 sent into the basin to attack it from that side. He, therefore, with 
 a detachment of seven hundred men, toward the close of September, 
 appeared at the cape, and encamped his men. He made no attempt on 
 the town, however, but waited for the ari'ival of a naval forje before 
 he should commence active operations against it. 
 
 Mascarene, in the meantime, had received reinforcements from Massa- 
 chusetts to the number of 250 men, which, with His Majesty's ship 
 Cheater, of fifty guns, the Shirley, of thirty guns, and the Ordnance 
 Packet in the harbour, made him not entirely unprepared to make a 
 
110 iiisnmv OF annapoi.is. 
 
 vigorous, if not n sucoeHsful, doftjnce iigainst any attack that niiglit he 
 made, either on the land or the seaward side. De Haniezay had not 
 heen long at the cape, iiowever, liefore he received information of the 
 complete withdrawal of the broken and crippled armament of D'Aiiville 
 from the shores of the Provinet% and he, without delay, evacuated his 
 camp, retiring Hi'st to Minas, and afterwarils to Chiegnecto, where lie 
 intended to pass the winter, and prepare for a new campaign in the 
 spring. 
 
 The other colonies had V)een stirred from centre to circumference by 
 the efforts of France to recover the possession of Nova Scotia, and in 
 consequence they voted men, vessels and money to aid in her defence. 
 Mascarene advised the military occupation of Grand Pre, by a garrison of 
 New England troops— a i)lan which would be equivalent to removing the 
 scene of spring operations from the seat of Government to that point, 
 while its possession would deprive the enemy of a convenient basis of 
 attack and depot of supplies.* He therefore directed that a detachment 
 of 470 men of the Massachusetts contingent should be sent to that point, 
 and quartered upon the inhabitants. This force was placed under the 
 conuuand of Colonel Arthur Noble and Major Erasmus James Phillips, 
 and Edward How accompanied them as commissioner in charge of the 
 administration of civil affairs, and as commissary. The disembarkation 
 of ^these troops took place on the day before Christmas, 1746, ami news 
 of the event reached De Ramezay on the 8th of January, 1747, at 
 Chiegnecto, who, without hesitation, decided to attempt their dislodge- 
 ment, or destruction, if possible, before the spring. He had every reas(m 
 for believing that his enemies would not anticipate his intentions, and he 
 therefore (juietly and secretly organized a body of about three hundred 
 men whom he despatched overland, ina Windsor, under the command of 
 Coulon de Villiers, who commenced the journey on the 23rd of January, 
 and reached Pizicjuid (Windsor) on the 9th of February ; and at three 
 o'clock, on the morning of the 11th, arrived at Grand Pre, on which 
 they commenced their attack while the English were reposing in the 
 security of a profound sleep. A blinding snow-storm prevailed, and the 
 French were enabled to enter the village without being observed. They 
 at once assailed the quarters in whicli they knew the British officers 
 were sleeping, and a violent fight ensued, during which Colonel Noble 
 and his brother were killed, and Edward How wounded and taken 
 prisoner. After the death of Noble, the command was assumed by 
 Captain Benjamin Goldthwaite, who continued tlie resistance several 
 hours, though he was finally compelled to surrender on terms. These 
 
 * The Acadians refused to supply Ramezay with provisions while among them 
 with his troops without immediate specie payment, which they knew he could not 
 make. See " Wolfe and Montcalm," Vol. II., pp. 189, 199, 200.— [Kd.] 
 
HISTOKV Ob' ANNAPOLIS. Ill 
 
 were, however, honuurablt'^, both to tlie Eiiglisli niul the French. The 
 former were allowed to march out of t\w village with the honourH i>f war, 
 and were furnished with rations, and permitted to retire to the fort at 
 Annapohs, on mai<in^ a declaration tiiat they would not hear arms a^^ainst 
 the Krench at Hcauba.ssin, Chiegnecto or Oobe(|uid, for six montlis. How 
 was soon afterward-s exchan;,'ed for a Frenchman — one Licroix — who had 
 been made a prisoner by the English in July, 1715, in Cape Mreton. Five 
 other prisoners were thrown in with Lacroix, as an e(|uivalent for the 
 conmiissary, v ho was held in high e.stimation l)y MaHcarene and the 
 whole Council. 
 
 The Imttle of Grand Pn- was, perhaps, the most stubbornly contested 
 fight that ever took place in Acadie. The success of the French was 
 entirely due to the suddeniu'ss of the assault, and the circumstance of 
 their having been provided with snow-shoes, to the u.se of which they 
 had become so accustomed during their recent marvellously rapid march, 
 that they could use their weapons with as great facility with them on 
 their feet as they could have done without them, while their power to 
 move with fr«!edom over the mounds of snow which encuml)ered the 
 streets gave (hem a marked advantage <»ver the English, who, not 
 <lreaming of danger, and all of them, save the solitary sentinel, being in 
 their bed and asleep, were compelled to tly to their arms in their nhirts 
 and defend theni.selves as best they could. The gallant Nobles were 
 killed in their night-dresses, and How was made a prisoner while in a 
 similar costume. The bowlings of the storm ; the blinding, drifting 
 snow ; the darkness ; the uncertainty as to who the enemy were ; the 
 want of knowledge of their numters ; the Hashing of discharging fire- 
 arms ; the sharp and rapid reports of fusils and muscjuets, and the cries 
 of the wounded rendered the .scene as picturesque as it was awful ; yet 
 the Massachusetts men disputed foot by foot the possession of the points 
 held by them, till daylight brought them a better knowledge of the 
 enemy, who then began to redouble their ettbrts for victory. Goldthwaite, 
 by his bold and intrepid bearing, inspired his followers with a like spirit, 
 and a hand-to-)iand conflict ensued, in which the latter, after some hours 
 of exhausting conflict, found their movements so clogged and hindered 
 by the accumulated snow, into which they sunk deeply at every step, 
 while their racquetted foe moved freely on its surface, that it became 
 necessary to offer a capitulation.* 
 
 *It is notewoi'thy that the later the period of Parkman's writings, the more favour- 
 able is he to thu Acadians. In Vol. II. of his "Half Century of Conflict," Chap. 
 XXII. , he gives an account of the affair at Grand Pre from trustworthy sources 
 (the journal of Beaujeu, and Goldthwaite's letters to Governor Shirley), and without 
 any partial colouring. Coulon's arrival was a surprise to the hahitaiis as well as to 
 the English, but he made his way to a house where he saw light, ard found it to be 
 the scene of we<Ming festivities. He impressed some of the guests into his service 
 to conduct him to the English officers' quarters, that he might make himself master 
 
112 mSTOHV OK ANNAPfU.IH. 
 
 Ordiniincps ro^uliitiiiK the price of cord wihmI wor** n»vive«l hy the 
 Council, iukI owiii^' to its Hcarcity its «>x)M)rtation wtw prohi)>it«>(l. 
 I^tt«»rM of nian|iu< Hn<l n'priHal wt^rn ImnikmI to tlu' sliMip Afiirii/n/tl, of 
 eighty toiiH hurthcn, VVilliani Knox, maHt<>r ; and at th*^ sanie tinio a 
 proclamation hy (Jovernor Hhirley, of MaHnac-huHnttH, was pul)lislit>d at 
 Anna{>oliN off'prin>{ a reward for the apprehension of certain persons of 
 tills province who were accused of treason. Fifty pounds was the 
 amount of reward, and the names cjf the traitors given were tliose of 
 Louis (Jautier, and his sons Joseph and Pierre, Amand Hugeau, Joseph 
 Leblanc, Charles and Francis jtayniond, Cliarles Le Hoy, Joseph Hrouis- 
 sard, Pierre (Juidry, and Ixiuis Hebert ; the latt<'r of whom had been a 
 servant to Captain Handfield, of the 40th regiment. They were charged 
 with having aided and assisted the French and Indian invaders of the 
 Province contrary to their oaths of fealty to the King of Kngland. 
 
 As early as February, 1748, Charles Morris, afterwards the first 
 Hurveyor-deneral of the Province appointed after the founding of Hali- 
 fax, recommended Mascarene to form settlements in various sections 
 of the county by imp<jrting Protestant settlers from the various New 
 Kngland colonies. 1. Between the basin and St. Mary's Bay, he says, 
 eighty to (»ne hundred settlers might be located. He speaks of the 
 .loggin near where Digby now stands, as a place where all the people, at 
 certain seasons of the year, could catch as man}' s/iad as they pleased, 
 and says that " no French live in this district." '2. Vrnm the gut to the 
 Scotch F(»rt — " a place of imp«irtance " — the French possess all the salt- 
 marsh lands. 3. From the Scotch Fort to what is now called (Jranville 
 Ferry is occupied by twenty French families. He adds that the marshes 
 in this district should lie p<;". iHy divided l)etween them and an etjual 
 number of Knglish settlers, 4. From Annapolis Iloyal to >[oo.se River 
 only eight French households were then sottled. He thinks that eiyhtij 
 English families should h'? settled there. He says there are two large 
 marshes in that locality. 5 and G. From Annapolis eastward and up the 
 
 of them first, Imt they led hitn to the wrong phiue, iiiitl lie iMxiiplains that the guides 
 woiihl not give him any uasistance in tiic attack. Immediately after tiie attack 
 Rameziiy phed tlie Acadians with threats of the severest i>uni8lm)ent if thej- should 
 decline to actively aid him, declaring that France hail now recontjUered the country. 
 Thev replied iti pathetic terms assuring him of tlieir "gi')d heart," their sympathy 
 as Frenchmen, hut imi>loring him to consiiler their position — exjKjscd to ruin if 
 they failed in strict loyalty to their masters with whom they had heen in close contact 
 for so many years. At the same time they sent to Mascarene a copy of Rame/.ay's 
 letter, l)egging him to consider that they could not avoid answering it as they did, 
 hut assuring him of their unfaltering loyalty to King George. After this Ramezay 
 issued anotiier proclamation invoking the death (umalty upon any Acadians who 
 might refuse to take up arms against the English, and asserting that the Bishop of 
 QuelMjc lia<l ahsolved them from their oaths. Thus wei'e they threatened on one side 
 with <leath, and on the other with confiscation and hanishment ; and Shirley boldly 
 reproaches the Knglish Government for not protecting them with an ade(|uate force 
 from this ctmstant and cruel pressure from the French, to which he ascribes their 
 " Huetuating state." — [Kd. ] 
 
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 113 
 
 river, lio statos th«'re are two hiiiiiII Hottltfinniits iif tluity Kroiu'li fiiinilics 
 ciich, witliin hix inilfs of tlwt fornitu' \Ain;v, wlutnt KngliHli .should )»» N(!ttl<>(l. 
 
 Twolvc years aftiM-wards tliis advicit culiiiinated in fruition under 
 proc'lainatioii of (Ittveruor l<iiwr<>Mco, but not until after the )>x|iuisioii 
 of the hiilntiiuH an act wliieli might not have Ixien iwceHHary if Morris' 
 plan had heen at once mlopted. 
 
 On the first day of June, 1748, His Majesty's ship ifahim and two 
 arniHil schooners arriveil at Annapolis with ston's for the garrison, and 
 were placed at the disposal of the (iovernnient. They were, shortly 
 afterwards, employed in (convoying a vesstfl, laden with merchandise, 
 to Minas, the protreeds of the sale of which were to he paiti to those 
 persons who had supplied provisions to Colonel Noble's troops stationed 
 at (irand Pn- in l7U)-47. The two armed 8ch«H>nerH referred to were, 
 [irobably, the AuMon, conuuanded by Captain John Beare, and the 
 Warri'n, of seventy tons, under the command of Captain ,Fonathan 
 [)avis. They proved of great servici! in assisting to keep the French 
 inhabitants at the head of the Bay of Fundy under some sort of control. 
 
 The war which had existed between France and England <luiing 
 the preceding four years was terminated this year by the Treaty 
 of Aix-la-Chapelle, by which the Island of Cape Breton vas again 
 restored to the Crown of Franco. In the autumn several vess,>;s loaded 
 with warlike stores came to Annapolis from Ixjuisburg, and the Anmn 
 and Warren returned to Boston, carrying with them a portion of the 
 auxiliary troops which had been furnished by New England for the 
 defence of the Province during the continuance of the late war. 
 
 Peace brought comparative rest to the garrison of the old capital, and 
 the inauguration of a new condition of artairs in Nova Scotia generally. 
 During the several recent investments of Annapolis, many private 
 hou.ses and other buildings had lieen torn down by the orders of the 
 commander-in-chief, to secure the safety of the fort; and early in 1749 
 several persons put in claims for compensation for the losses which they 
 had sustained in consequence. Among the claimants are to be found the 
 names of Skene, E. J. Phillips, William Shirrett" and John Hamilton. 
 They were instructed to make oath to the amounts of their respective 
 losses, and were assured by Mascarene that he would apply to the parent 
 (xovernment for their payment. The proclamation of the peace was 
 formally published at Annapolis in June, and it now only remained to 
 obtain the submission of the Indians, who, for a time, seemed inclined 
 to continue the strife on their own account. 
 
 I have already hinted that the condition of affairs in the colony was 
 
 about to undergo a considerable change, a change which was destined 
 
 to affect the interests of the old capital in a very markfnl manner, and 
 
 that allusion had reference to the foundation of Halifax, which was 
 
 8 
 
114 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 tlienceforward to hf, the seat of government. Soon after the arrixal of 
 Cornwa'lis at Chebucto, Coh)nel Mascarene, no longer the administrator 
 of tlie Government, and five members of the Council were summoned to 
 wait upon the new governor at Chebucto Bay, on the ahores of which 
 the new capital was proposed to be built. On the 14th of July, 1749, 
 Cornwallis appointed a new Council, among whose names we find that 
 of Mascaiene. The first act of this Board was to advise the Govei'nor to 
 summon all the house-joiners, masons, and other mechanics from Annapolis, 
 and to employ them in the construction of the dwellings required for 
 the numerous .settlers whom he had brought out from England with him. 
 
 The French, having undertaken to build a fort near the mouth of the 
 St. John River, the ship Albany, Captain John Rous, and another 
 armed vessel called the Boston, of Massachusetts, were ordered to 
 Annapolis, where the commanding officer in charge was required to 
 furnish the soldiers necessary to complete the expedition, which was then 
 to proceed to the St. John, and drive out the French if they should be 
 found there, and destroy their works. Major Erasmus James Phillips 
 now resigned his commission as King's Advocate in the Court of Vice- 
 Admiralty, an office which he had held for twenty years, having been 
 appointed in 1729. 
 
 The deputies from the French settlements having been ordered to 
 proceed to the new headquarters to take an unqualified oath of allegiance, 
 arrived at Halifax on the 9th August. Those sent from the Annapolis 
 uihabitants were Alexandre Hebert and Joseph Dugas. On the 24tli 
 August Edward How, who had been absent from the Province on service, 
 was resworn as member of the new Council, and sent as a civil commis- 
 sioner with Rous' expedition to the R'ver St. John, to which he was of 
 great use in negotiating with the Indians in that (juarter, whom he 
 succeeded in inducing to renew their old treaty of amity with the 
 English. This renewtal took place in Halifax, and Mr. How was sent 
 back with the Indian delegates, the bearer of presents for the sachems 
 who should formally ratify the treaty made on their behalf. Mascarene 
 returned to Annapolis to resume the command there on the 4th of Sep- 
 tember, and immediately sent a detachment of the garrison consisting of 
 one hundred men, a captain, and two subalterns, to Grand Pre. This 
 act was in obedience to the order of Cornwallis, who also directed that 
 the block-house on Dauphin Street should be taken down and removetl 
 to Horton. there to be re erected, and, with the buildings used as barracks, 
 to be thoroughl}' palisaded as a protection against possible Indian attacks. 
 
 Two vessels, owned respectively by the estate of VVinniett* and a Mr. 
 Donnell, of Annapolis, were attacked at Chiegnecto by the Indians, 
 
 ' Reproseiited by Josepli Winniett, son of the late councillor, William VVinniett. 
 TTis brother Matthew'.? nimie iii)])eaif4 as a witncsH to the Indian treaty of 1749. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 115 
 
 and in tlie conflict that ensued seven of the latter and three of the 
 crews were killed. The savages were, therefore, defeated in their pur- 
 pose and the vessels saved to their owners. It was supposed that the 
 Indians were incited to this outrage by Le Loutre, whose hatred of tlie 
 English knew no bounds, and seized every possible occasion to manifest 
 itself. 
 
 Early in June, 1750, the French of the Annapolis River sent two of 
 their number — Jacques Alichel and Charles Prejean — with a petition to 
 Cornwallis, asking leave to retire from the Province, but their recjuest was 
 i-efused. The memorialists alleged that they "never had considered 
 themselves subjects of the King of New England." 
 
 Major Charles Lawrence now became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 regiment, and was made Lieutenant-Governor of the town of Annapolis, 
 though it is not certain that he ever became a resident there. H.M.S. 
 Hound, Captain Dove, while on her way to the northern shores of the Bay 
 of Fundy, had a number of her crew captured while on shore by hostile 
 Indians, and about the same time Captain Rous arrived at Annapolis in 
 command of six sloops which, after taking on board cargoes of supplies 
 from the storehouses, then proceeded to Minas and Chiegnecto for the use 
 of the garrisons at those places. A little later on in the season Rous, 
 who was master of the ship Albany, had a spirited fight with an armed 
 French brigantine in the Bay of Fundy, in which he had one midship- 
 man and two .seamen killed ; the enemy lost five. The action lasted some 
 time and was bravely fought, but resulted in a victory for the gallant 
 llous, who captured his antagonist and took her into Halifax as a 
 prize — probably the first brought into that place. 
 
 It was in this year also that Edward How, .so long and conspicuously 
 eminent in this period of our provincial history, met with his unmerited 
 and melancholy death. This lamented event occurred at Chiegnecto on 
 the 15th of October, 1750. It appears that La Corne, who commanded 
 on the north or French side of the Missiguash River, sent an officer with 
 a flag of truce to the river's bank, and asked for a parley with How, who, 
 from the opposite shore, held a conference of some length. At its close, 
 and without the slightest warning, a volley of fire-arras from a party of 
 French and Indians, or of Indians alone, was heard, and he was seen to 
 fall pierced through the heart. The infamy of this cowardly act rests 
 mainly on the priest Le Loutre.* In his despatch to the Lords of Trade 
 and Plantations, Cornwallis calls it "an act of treachery and barlmrity 
 not to be paralleled in history," while Murdoch in his work, Vol. II., pp. 
 193, 194, mys: 
 
 *Parknian wlio was very hostile tp Le Lowtre, saya this oharge against iiiiii, 
 universally believed, ''has not been proved." ("A Half Century of Conflict,"' p. 
 107.) Most autjiorities agree tiuil no Frencli were directly concerned.— [ Ki>.] 
 
116 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 "The esteem he won while living, the general usefulness of his conduct an iirr 
 early fountler of our colony, and the cruel circumstances of his death coniniuud 
 his memory to us, who enjoy peaceful, prosperous homes, for the security and 
 iomfort of which we are bound to be grateful to those who pioneere<l tlie way lit 
 the earlier periods u.idor many and serious disadvantages." 
 
 In July the sloop New Cnsco, Captain Taggart, was sent to Annapolis 
 with provisions and other stores, which were to be forwarded to Chieg- 
 necto by another ship, wliile the former was to convey Colonel Mascarene 
 to Boston, to which place he had been ordered to as.sist Governor Shirley 
 in a negotiation with the hostile Indians for the renewal of a general 
 peace. Returning in September, the Neiv Casco, the Ulysses and Law- 
 rence were employed in the transport of the needful supplies to the 
 garrisons up the bay. 
 
 Fort Lawrence was now (1752) directed to be repaired, for whicli 
 purpose palisades and all necessary materials and implements were 
 ordered to be forwarded from Annapolis, which seems to have been 
 used as a convenient depot from which to supply the wants of the 
 forts and garrisons in the Bay of Fundy districts. This summer wit- 
 nessed a fashionable wedding in the old capital. Owing to the absence 
 of a clergyman, the Governor granted a license to John Handfield, 
 the military commander of the fort and Justice of the Peace for the 
 Province, to perform the marital rites for his daughter Mary Handfield, 
 and John Hamilton, a lieutenant in the 40th, now Cornwallis' regiment, 
 who had some time before been made a prisoner by the Indians and 
 carried to Quebec, and who had recently been ransomed from his 
 captivity. The garrison had no chaplain at this time, and there was 
 no Protestant clei'gyman in the county. Des Enclaves was the priest 
 of the French people, and continued to be their spiritual adviser until 
 their forcible expulsion in 1755. 
 
 In November, 1753, Captain Handfield was notified that the admin- 
 istration of the public affairs htul devolved upon the Honourable Charles 
 Lawrence, in the absence of Governor Hopson, who had gone to England, 
 being in ill health, and in consequence unable longer to remain at his 
 post. Erasmus J. Phillips continued to live at Annapolis, where he 
 acted as Commissary of Musters. The town was now often visited by 
 the sloops, which were employed by the Government in carrying pro- 
 visions and munitions of war to the various garrisons, and in convey- 
 ing the officers of the garrison and their families from and to the fort 
 as necessity or occasion required. The Indians, excited by Le Loutre, 
 still remained hostile, and continued their depredations upon the English 
 inhabitants, keeping them in a continual state of alarm and anxiety. 
 
 In the following year Monsieur du Chambon du Verger became 
 commandant at Beau Sejour. He was the .son of Du Chambon, who' 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 117 
 
 conducted the defence of Louisburj^, in 1745, and was a lineal descendant 
 of Anne Latour, that lady having been his grandmother. His father 
 was married at Port Royal in 1709 — the year before its surrender to 
 Nicholson. Some of the French settlers of the Annapolis valley went 
 to aid Du Charabon in completing the fort above named, contrary to 
 the orders of the Council, and the deputies of the district were ordered 
 to furnish the names of those who had done so. 
 
 The grand event in the history of these unfortunate people is now at 
 hand; its shadow has even fallen upon them; a few months more and 
 their sad fate will have overtaken them, and the homesteads, which 
 they had loved so well, will have passed from their proprietorship and 
 occupancy forever. It had been re.solved by Cornwallis that as soon as 
 proper provisions vry.re made for the safety, comfort and government 
 
 , of the people of the new colony at Halifax, the French should be 
 called upon to subscribe an utiqualijied oath of allegiance to the Crown 
 .if England. He acctrdingly required them to send deputies to meet 
 him and his Council, in July, 1749, when he told them His Majesty's 
 pleasure concerning them should be made known. Alexandre Hebert 
 and Joseph Dugas, having been chosen by the Annapolis habitans, met 
 the Council on the Slst July, and stated, in conjunction with the deputies 
 from the other settlements, that they would take the oath required if a 
 clause exempting them from bearing arms in case of war should be 
 intrtxiuced into it as before, and the free exercise of their faith be 
 guaranteed. His Excellency and the Council, while willing to concede 
 the latter request, firmly declared to them that they would be required 
 to take an oath without a clause of exemption or limitation. 
 
 In May, 1750, Charles Prejean and Jacques Michel, of Annapolis 
 Royal, presented a petition from the people of that district, asking 
 leave to retire from the Province. These men were not deputies, and 
 having refused to state why the memorial was not presented by those 
 officers instead of themselves, the petition was not received ; but Corn- 
 wallis .sent a paper to them, in the French language, in which ho 
 stated to them the following facts : " We know that a forced service 
 is worth nothing, and that a subject compelled to be so against his will, 
 is not very far from being an enemy. . . . This Province is your 
 country; you and your fathers have cultivated it; naturally you ought 
 yourselves to enjoy the fruits of your labour. . . . You know that 
 we have done everything to secure you, not only the occupation of your 
 lands, Ijut their ownership forever." The paper deserves to be tran- 
 .scribed in full, but its great length renders its transcription impossible. 
 It assigns reasons why leave to quit the country should not be granted 
 to the petitioners, and urges upon them the duty of becoming faithful 
 servants and subjects of the Crown of Great Britain, and assures them 
 
118 HISTORY OF AXNAPOLIS, 
 
 that their Vjest interests demand such a course. But all the influences 
 of argument and reason, as well as of ease and self-interest, were 
 rendered nuj,'atury by the counsels of their priests and other advisers, 
 who assured their simple flocks that France was about to retake the 
 Province, when they would be relieved from the evils under which they 
 now groaned, and made forever secure from the rule of their conquerors. 
 They therefore refused to accept the terms reiiuired by the Governor and 
 Council until it was too late to avoid the disastrous conse<juences. 
 
 The first intimation of an intention to remove the French from their 
 lands and homes occurs in Lawrence's letter to the Lords of Trade, 
 under date of August 1st, 1754. In this despatch he writes ; 
 
 " Tlit'V have not for a long time brought anything to our markets, hut, on the 
 other hand, luive carried everything to the Frencli and Indiatis, whom they iuive 
 always assisted with ])rovisions, tjuarters and intelligenee ; and, indeed, while they, 
 rcnuiin witho\it taking the oath of allegiance (which they nevei' will do till they aie 
 forced), and iuive incendiary Frencli priests among tiieni, tliere is no hope of their 
 amendment. As they possess the best and largest tracts of land in tlie Province, 
 it cannot he settled wliile they remain in tliis situation, ami tliough I would be 
 very far from attempting such a step witliout your lordships' approliation, yet 
 I cannot helj) being of opinion that it would be much better, if they refused the 
 oath, thai tin 1/ irt-rc. aimi/.'' 
 
 On tiie 1.3th of July, 1755, the deputies of the French of the valley 
 of Annapolis, with those of the people of the other settlements, assembled 
 in obedience to the orders of Lawrence, to be informed of the final 
 determination of the Government regarding them ; and on the 25th the 
 Governor laid before the Council, and Admirals Mostyn and Boscawen, 
 a memorial signed by 207 of the inhabitants of Annapolis and vicinity. 
 In this document the petitioners say : 
 
 "We unanimously agreed to deliver up our fire-arms to Mr. Handtield, our 
 worthy commander, altliough we liave not hiul any desire to make use of them 
 against His Majesty's (lovernnient. We have therefore nothing to reproach 
 ourselves with, either on that subject, or on the subject of the fidelity that Me owe 
 to His Majesty's (lovernment. For, sir, we can assure your Excellency tliat 
 several of us have risked our lives to give information to tiie Government concern- 
 ing the enemy, and have, also, when necessary, laboured witli all oiu" heart on the 
 repairs of Fort Annapolis, and on other works considered necessary by the (JoNern- 
 raent, and are ready to continue with the same fidelity. We have also selected 
 thirty men to proceed to Halifax, whom we shall recommend to do and say nothitig 
 contrary to His Majesty's Council ; but we shall charge them sti'ictly t<j contract 
 no new oath. We are resolved to adhere to that which we have taken, and to 
 which we have been faithful so far as circumstances required it ; for the enemies 
 of His Majesty have urged us to take up arms against tlie (iovernmeiit, but we 
 have taken care not to do so." 
 
 The deputies, who were the bearers of this memorial, were called 
 before the Council and asked what more they had to say. They 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 119 
 
 unanimously replied that they "appeared on behalf of themselves, and 
 all thfi other inhabitants of Annapolis River, and would not take any 
 oath other than what they had taken ; " adding that " if they were to 
 be foiced to leave their lands they hoped to be allowed a convenient 
 time for their departure." 
 
 At this conference man}'([uestions were put and answered, and reasons 
 urged to induce the petitioners to compliance ; but they were determined 
 to adhere to their resolution. They were told that if they now refused 
 to accept the oath "fchey would never aft(!r be permitted to take it, but 
 would infallitjly lose their possessions." They were then given until the 
 next Monday at ten of the clock to ct^nsider the matter ; ))ut on the 
 expiration of the time they announced that they had not changed their 
 minds, and wen> resolved to adhere to their determination. Then it was, 
 after this final resolution was thus defiantly attii ined, that their expatria- 
 tion was decided upon, and the following Lettei- of Instructions drawn up 
 and sent to the commandants of the garrisons at Annapolis, Chiegnecto, 
 Piziquid, Miiias and Cobeiiuid. The following is the text of that sent to 
 Handfield at Annajjolis. It is dated at Halifax, August 1 1th, 1755 : 
 
 " Instructions for Major Joliii HaiulHold, c()iiiiiiaii(liii<^ His Majesty's garrison of 
 Annapolis Royal in relation to tlie transportation of the inliabitants of tlie tliatricts 
 of Annapolis Hiver and the otlicr French inlial>itants out of the Province of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 "Sir, — Having in iny letter of tlie 31st Jnly last niaile yon aciinainted with the 
 reasons which induced His Majesty's (.'ouncil to come to the resohition of sending 
 away the Frencli inhal>itants, and clearing the whole country of such l)ad suhjects, 
 it only renuiins for nie to give you the necessary oi'ders for the putting in |>ractice 
 what has been so solenuily doterniined. 
 
 "That the inliahitants may not have it in their power to return to this province 
 nor to join in strengthening the French in Canada or Louisbui'g, it is resolved that 
 tiiey should bo dispersed among His Majesty's subjects in the colonies upon the 
 t'ontinent of America. For this purpose transports arc ordered to be sent from 
 Boston to Annapolis to ship on board one thousaml persons, reckoning two persons 
 to a ton ; and for (,'hiegnccto, transports have been taken up htn to carry off the 
 inliabitants of that j)Iace ; and for those of the districts around Minas Basin trans- 
 ports are ordered from Boston. 
 
 " As Annapolis is the last place where the transports will depart from, any of 
 tlie vessels that may not receive their full comi)lenient up the bay will be ordered 
 there ; and Colonel Winslow, with his detachment, will follow by land and bring up 
 what stragglers may be met with to ship on boaril at your place. 
 
 "Upon the arrivals of the vessels from Boston in the Basin of Annapolis, as 
 many of the inhabitants of Annapolis District as can be collected by any means, 
 particularly the heads of families and .young men, are to \k shipped on Ijoard at 
 the at>ove rate of two passengers to a ton, or as near it as possible. The tonnage 
 of the vessels to bo ascertained by the charter-parties which the master will furnish 
 yon with an account of. 
 
 " And to give you all the ease po.ssible respecting the victualling of these trans- 
 ports, I have appointed Mr. (Jeorge Saul to act as agent victualler upon this occasion, 
 
120 FIISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 and luivu givun him imrticuliii' iiiHtrm'tioim for llml {lUi'iKme, with a copy of which 
 he will furnish you \\\mu his arrival at Aunapolis Hoyal, from Chiugneiito, with the 
 provisions for victualling the whole transports. But in case you should have 
 »hii)pcd any of the inhabitants Iwfore his arrival, you will order tive pounds of tioui- 
 and one pound of pork to be delivered to each so shippeil, to last for seven days, 
 and so on till .Mr. Saul's arrival, and it will be replaced by him into the stores from 
 what he has on lH)ard the provision vessels for that purpose. 
 
 " Destination of the inhabitants of Annaix>lis River, and of the tran.sports 
 ordered to Annapolis Basin : 
 
 " To be sent to Philadelphia, .such a number of vessels as will trans]>ort thi'ee 
 hundred per.sons. 
 
 "To be sent to New V'oik, such a number of vessids as will transport twn 
 hundred persons. 
 
 " To be sent to Connecticut, such a mimber of vessels (whei'eof the sloop JJoiv, 
 Samuel Forlnjs, is to be one) as will tr.' nsport three hundred persons; and 
 
 " To Boston, such a number of vessels as will transport two hundred per.sons (or 
 rather more in proportion to the Province of Connecticut), slundd the number to 
 ship off exceed n thousand persons. 
 
 " When the jieople are embarked you will please to give the master of each 
 vessel one of the letters (of which you will receive a number signed by me), which 
 you will address to the Governor of the Province, or the Comniander-in-ohief for the 
 time being, where they are to be put on shore, and endorse them on the printeil 
 form of the certificate to be granted to the masters of the vessels, to entitle them to 
 their hire as agi'eed u[Min by their charter-party ; and with these you will give each 
 of the masters their sailing orders in writing to pi'ocee<l according to the above 
 destination, and u}K)n their arrival immediately to wait on the (Jovernor or Com. 
 mander-in-chief of the provinces to which they are l)ound with the said letters, and 
 to make all possible despatch in debarking their passengers, and obtaining certifi- 
 cates thereof agreeable to the form aforesaid ; and you will in these orders make it 
 a particular injunctiim to the said masters to be as careful and watchful as possible 
 during the whole course of the passage, to prevent the passengers making any 
 attem))t to seize upon the vessels, by allowing only a small imniber to be upon the 
 decks at one time, and all other necessary precautions to prevent the bad conse- 
 ([uence.s of such attempts; and that they be particularly careful that the inhabitants 
 carry no arms, nor other offensive weapons on board with them at their end>arkation, 
 as also that they see the provisions regularly issued to the people agreeable to the 
 allowance proportioned in Mr. (ieorge Saul's instructions. 
 
 " You will use all the means necessary for collecting the people together, so as to 
 get them on board. If you find that fair means will not do it with them, you must 
 proceed by the most vigorous measures po.ssible, not only in compelling them to 
 embark, but in de])riving those who escape of all means of shelter or support, by 
 burning their houses and destn)ying everything that may afford them the means of 
 subsistence in the country ; and if you have not force sufficient to perform this 
 service, Colonel Winslow, at Minas, or the commanding officer there, will, upon 
 your application, send you a proper reinforcement. 
 
 " Vou will .see by the charter-parties of the vessels taken up at Boston, that 
 they are hired by the mouth, whei-efore I am to desire that you will use all 
 possible despatch to save expense to the public. 
 
 "As .soon as the people are shi]>ped and the tran.sports are read j' (to sail) you 
 will ac()uaint the commander of His Majesty's ship therewith, that he take them 
 under ci>nvoy, and put to .sea without loss of time."' 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 121 
 
 Tliese instructions were successfully carried out hy Major Handfield, 
 iind the month of (Ictober witnessed the departure of the last ship witli 
 its freight of unsul)mitting Frenchmen. The ve.ssels employed in the 
 tiansportation of these unfortunates from their homes and the land of 
 theii' nativity were : 
 
 1. Tiie sloop Sarah and Molley, James Purrinton, master, which 
 carried the number a.ssigned to het to Virginia. 
 
 2. The sloop Three Friends, James Carlile, master, whose living freight 
 was landed in Philadelphia. This vessel was owned by Thomas Curtis, 
 and was employed four months, at thirty-six pounds, sixteen shillings 
 per month. 
 
 .'?. The sloop Hannah, Richard Adams, master and owner. She also 
 landed her cargo at Philadelphia. 
 
 4. The sloop Sivan, Jonathan Loviett, master and owner. She had 
 lieen chartered at forty-four pounds, sixteen shillings a month, and was 
 employed during three months and one-half. H i- passengers were also 
 landed in Philadelphia. 
 
 5. The ship llopson, Edward Whitewood, master, and was the largest 
 A'essel engaged in this service. She was owned by James Griffin, and 
 was the last to sail from Annapolis, having left that port in October. 
 She was paid for six months' employment at seventy-seven pounds per 
 montli. Her cargo was taken to South Carolina. 
 
 Very little is known of the occurrences that marked the collecting 
 together and embarkation of these people. There can be no reasonable 
 douVjt, however, that they did not differ materially from those which took 
 place at Grand Pre, Chiegnecto and elsewhere. Even the traditions of 
 this event, which were more or less familiar to the second and third 
 generations succeeding it, have faded away and disappeared, though the 
 descendants of some of the families whose progenitors were eye-witnesses 
 of it, or actors in it — as the Eassons and Lecains — yet survive and 
 continue to reside in the county. Traditional memories of it may, and 
 probably do, exist among the French people of Digby and Yarmouth, 
 for its occurrences were, by their nature and circumstances, calculated to 
 make a deeper and more lasting impression upon those who endured their 
 hardships than upon those who caused them. 
 
 Thomas Miller in his " Historical and Genealogical Record " of the 
 County of Colchester (p. 8), in relating the story of a French girl who 
 had escaped being shipped with the Cobequid people, and who, under the 
 guidance of ca friendly Indian, had been waiting in the forests for a 
 month on the north shores of the basin for a favourable chance to make 
 her escape to the settlements on the Miramichi, says : " At length they 
 were joined by about twenty of the French inhabitants who had escaped 
 from Annapolis. These persons informed them that the houses and crops 
 
122 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 in Aimaptilis were burnt by the HoklierN who were sent up the river to 
 brinj,' them into the sliips. Some Hod to tlie wcjods ; .some, besides this 
 piirty, crossed the bay intending to go to Miramielii through the wo(»ds." 
 
 Notwithstanding all the measures adopted and moans used, it is 
 certain that a considerable number of the Annapolis hnlntann avoided 
 capture. Lawrence informed Shirley, in a letter addressed to him in the 
 following February, that "alK>ut five hundred of the inhabitants arc still 
 lurking alx)ut the woods ; " and some of these were, undoubtedly, in 
 hiding near the valley which had, till so recentlj', been the scene of their 
 labours and of their alleged disloyalty. 
 
 In the spring of 1756, a vessel laden with provisions, which she was 
 in the act of conveying from lioston to Ann. polis, was captured by the 
 Indians in Passamaciuwldy Hay, an event which Shirley tells Lawrence 
 is "a very unfortunate atiair, as it will yield the Fiench and their 
 Imlians a very considerable support." He trusted that the sloop of war 
 Vulture, then cruising in the Bay of Fundy, might succeed in recapturing 
 her, but it does not appear that his hopes were gratified in that respect. 
 
 General Amhurst now informed Lawrence that he had ordered two 
 hundred and fifty provincial trimps to be sent to Annapolis to enable it 
 to resist any attack that might be attempted during the sunnner by those 
 of the French who still remained in the colony. That a sutticient number 
 of them had been left to cause apprehension of such an event seems to 
 be a fact, and one which was fraught with no degree of pleasure to 
 the administrator of the (Government, for in a letter to the Lords of 
 Trade, dated in March, 1757, he .says : " We are extremely sorry to find 
 that, notwithstanding the great expense which the public has been at in 
 removing the French inhabitants, there should yet be enough of them 
 remaining to disturb the settlements and to interrupt and obstruct our 
 parties passing from one place to another ; it is certainly very much to be 
 wished that they could be entirely driven out of the peninsula." 
 
 A new condition of affairs was, liowever, soon to be l)rought about, Vjy 
 which all fears from this source were to be finally and fully allayed. A 
 venturous and Lardy band of immigrants from the older colonies will 
 soon take possession of the lands of the old French proprietors — a band 
 of men who would, when necessary, be ready and able to defend 
 themselves and their new homes against all enemies — of men by whose 
 strong arms and indomitable wills many a wilderness should be made " to 
 blossom as the rose," and become centres of peape, .security and wealth. 
 But the events developed by this change, and those which attended it, 
 shall be recounted in future chapters. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 liij III' Kiliiii,-. 
 The seizure iind (lisjK'rKidn of tin' Aiiidiimn rcvieweil and consiflerefl. 
 
 WE liave seen that oui- autlior closed his history of the county at 
 laij^e, ill order to take up tliat of its townships and settlements 
 separately, at tlie point of time marked hy the event known in history, by 
 a not very correct terminology, as " tlie expulsion of the Acadians." I 
 say, not very correct, because an expulsion means a (h-iving out, and they 
 cannot l)e said to have Vjeen driven out wlio were always, in the contingency 
 which arose, willing, nay, anxious to go ! With the clearer light thrown 
 on that event l>y the more recent discovery oi', at least, publication of 
 documents and relations h)ng unknown to the general reader,* it does 
 not seem expedient for me to pass by the subject without some further 
 comment, even at the risk f)f advancing some opinions and asserting some 
 conclusions at variance witli those of the esteemed author. Governor 
 Lawrence, first, by an arbitrary fiat, ai. I without assigning to them any 
 reason, depri\'ed the Acadians of all their arms, which they surrendered 
 with prompt oliedience to the officers charged to receive them. Then he 
 summoned fifteen delegates from their settlements to a conference on the 
 subject of an umiualified oath uf allegiance to the King of England, and 
 on the refusal of these delegates, after considerable discussion, to agree to 
 this proposal without first going back and consulting their constituents, 
 they were immediately thrust into prison, on George's Island. Aftei' 
 this tliey offered for themselves to take the oath, but were told it was 
 too late ; and were kept confined until the transportation and dispersion 
 of their families and neighbours, planned by the Governor, had Ijeen 
 accomplished. Then they themselves were similarly shipped away to a 
 
 * Haliburton, when writing his history, complains that (locunients l)earing on 
 this subject wei'e not to be found in the archives at Halifax, " as if the parties to it 
 were, as they well might be, ashamed of the transaction" (V^ol, I., p. 196). Even 
 friendly critics have recently questioneil this statement, but its truth has been 
 aV>undantIy proven by Richard, in his " Acailia : Missing Links in a Lost Chapter 
 of American History." See particularly Vol. II., pp. 104, 105, 146. Despatches 
 are found without the replies, and nee. rer.in. Id. Vol. II., pp. 42, 46, 47, 302 ; see 
 also Vol. I., p. 169. Akins published in the archives duplicates found in London of 
 originals that ought to have been in Halifax. 
 
124 HISTDItV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 «i«Htiniitiim nut (Icpcndont on tliOHO to which theii' t'aiiiilios ami lelativos 
 ini^ht hiiv«' Immmi sent. After tht! iiupiisomiu'nt of tlu'so tirst »iel»'j{iitps ii 
 fresh HUinruoiis wiih issued for one hundred more to attend-— a very Iar;{e 
 number, the object of whicli the Acadians could not divine. lUit the 
 call was, as usual, promptly responded to, and ainon>; the hundred were 
 thirty from Annapolis, whose reply to (lovernor I^vwrence's demand we 
 have just read. In none of the interviews between these lx)die8 of 
 delej,'ates and the Governor and Council (h)es it appear that the latter 
 «ver cited any specific instances disproving; the allej^ations made by the 
 Acadians in their own defence. The (lovernor dealt va>,'ueiy in severe 
 charges of a >,'eneral nature against the Acadians as a body, their 
 uselessness as subjects, their allej,'ed sympathy with the enemy, their 
 motives and their sincerity. Overawed, abashed and terrified by the 
 invectives of their powerful accuser, everythinj,' they advanced treated as 
 an insult to the Government, the delegates, as mij^ht be expected, stood 
 mute before the Council, and did not even venture to plead the highly 
 meritorious services their people had rendered to the Crown at the 
 garrison of Annapolis during Du Vivier's siege and on other occasions ; 
 and the hundred, after stating that their constituents were willing to 
 give up their lands and migrate rather than take an oath which would 
 compel them to bear arms against their kindred, and recjuesting reasonable 
 time to remove from the country, were, in their turn, imprisoned, 
 as their predecessors were, to be shortly shipped away in the same 
 manner, all the delegates from the several settlements being sent to , 
 North Carolina, and their wives and children to Pennsylvania, New 
 York, Connecticut and Massachusetts.* Little dreamed they when they 
 left their families to proceed on the important mission to which they 
 had been invited, that the separati(»n was to be eternal, except by mere 
 chance, and after years of wandering with no clue to guide them to the 
 missing ones, and that the call to Halifax of the chiefs of the people 
 was only designed to render those left behind, already disarmed, more 
 helpless to resist or escape the supreme crisis that was awaiting 
 the doomed settlements. In this county the order to deprive any 
 who might escape the capture of all means of shelter and subsistence by 
 burning their habitations, was rigidly executed. t Instructions were 
 not given that whole families should be taken as much as possible 
 together ; the oi-der to ship oflF the heads of families and young men by 
 the first transports was inconsistent with any such mingling of humane 
 methods in a most inhuman transaction, and we have no means of know- 
 ing whether the humanity of the commandant at Annapolis prompted 
 
 •See Nova Scotia Archives, p. 280, and ante, Chap. VIII., p. 120. 
 t Haliburton's " Hiatory of Nova Scotia," Vol. I., p. 181, note. Miller's 
 "Colchester County," cuioted ante, p. 121. 
 
HISTORV OK ANNAIVJLI.S. 125 
 
 him to make t\w tjffort to tluvt fiul, that Colonol Winslow ptofuHHcd 
 to make, but did not accomf)lish, iit (irand Pn'-. We have no reaHon to 
 iinaj^ine that lit^ was U'sh siMisitive ti> the natiiic <tf th(! proccedinj^ in 
 whifli h(( was en^jaged than the New England ooloru'l ; l)Ut, as an otlicer, 
 hi« duty was to o\)ey without (pKwtiou the order of his .superiors, as tiie 
 duty of liis subalterns and men was to obey his. Tlie Honouiabie (after- 
 wards Sir) Brooke* Watson, who sujmrintendoil the seizure aixl dt'porta- 
 ti<tn of some Acadians at Haie Verte, speaks of his share in the transac- 
 tion in a letter of July 1st, 1771, to Rev. Dr. IJrown, with ;,'reat pain. 
 His orders were to burn the Acadian town, and he says he fears that 
 " some families in that place were divided and sent to different parts of 
 the j^lobe."* It is notorious that families were separated into frag- 
 ments in every settlement, mothers from babes in arms excepted ; the 
 contrary would not have comj)orted with the policy of the measure, 
 which was not simply t<f remove or drive the Acadians to new homes, 
 but to forever and entirely deprive them of homes. Anxious themselves 
 to remove if attbrded the opportunity, the object of (Jovernor I^awrence 
 was to extinguish and annihilate them as a people. The intention was 
 that they sliould be landed in as small groups as their aggregate numbers 
 would permit, on the shores of the various North American colonies, 
 where such of them as were able n)U8t be compelled to work in order to 
 live, while their children would be apprenticed, as pauper children are, 
 and nece.ssarily in English and Protestant households, where they would 
 perforce lose their nationality, their religion and their language.! This 
 feature of the case reminds one of the shipments to New England and 
 reduction into slavery among the colonists, of the Scotch prisoners whom 
 Cromwell captured at the battle of Dunbar, in 1650, and a further 
 large consignment of similar unfortunates in the following year. The 
 details of all the subsecjuent treatment of the neutrals were left to the 
 authoritie.'j of the various provinces in which they were to be landed, the 
 governors being instructed by circulars from Governor Lawrence " to 
 receive and dispose of them in such manner as may best answer our 
 design in preventin;/ their reunion." The reader will remark, not their 
 return merely, but their reunion as well. Tt retjuired the genius of a 
 Longfellow lo portray in strains of song, but anyone can imagine, the 
 story of " Lvangeline," and of many Evangelines ; and the actual 
 
 *Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., ytyK 131, 132. 
 
 t On iiKjuiring for entries relating to my own name in the recoi-d.s of a Mussa- 
 chusetts town, I was furnished witli the deiitli of " Mary Savory, French neutral, 
 pauper, very aged." What a tale did it not suggest ! Sudden descent fiom happy 
 tompetency to degrading want, and fruitless searches by frienils and I'elatives. 
 Will the recent apologists say wluit urinio this woman had committed to call 
 down this terrible retribution? (Jan it be found in the "letters of French 
 f.'<)vernor8," of " ))ishop8 and priests," and "military and naval and civil servants 
 of the French Crown," mentioned in Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. VII., p. 132 
 Here I may remark that 1 am not of Acadian or any other French descent. 
 
126 HIST(HIV OK ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 Nittfcritigs and cru(*l lot of th<> vt'ticruhlc iind loytil U)-ii<' lo illiiiic* iippoiih 
 with ronistloHH force to our scntinu'ntH of justioo iiiui tlic instinctM <if 
 liumauity. Wf cannot follow tin- wit'tcluHl iii\(i licart-lniikcn fxilcs in 
 thfir (iiH|MM'.sioii, nof it'<(»unt tin* (iciitliH on th»> way, nor MjM'culaU' <in tho 
 (|(iatlis from liist-aHcs, contraetcii in crowded holds of vessels, where no 
 sanitary or even dennit arrangements could he provided or were 
 attempted ; the deaths from hardships and [irivations afterwards, and 
 the lin^erin^ anri in some cases life long a),'ony of separated memhers of 
 a family iixjuiring and searchin)^ for each other throughout the con- 
 tinent, amonj,' an alien j»oople for the most part unsympathetic or 
 indifferent ; and the almost interminable journeys of detached jijroups, 
 wholly destitute, seeking to make tlitir way to some place of rest among 
 people congenial in languagi and religion, or di8{)OHe(J to extend 
 sympathy and charity to a rohl)ed and ruined people. The mortality 
 resulting from this measure exceeded many fold that of the massacre of 
 (rjencoe, to which in so many aspects it may Im* likened. Hut, one fell 
 and fatal stroke liegan and soon ended the horrors of that ghastly night 
 in the valley of the Cona, whereas the wretched relics of a cargo of 
 Acadian exiles, decimated by disea,se, were lefused a landing on the 
 coast of an Atlantic colony, wher<^ the feast of death might have been 
 stayed, while more than one ship with her living freight foundered and 
 went down in mid-ocean, mercifully extinguishing the suHerings of many 
 a victim, but aggravating the misery of kins-people, who, ignorant of 
 their fate, sought traces and tidings of the j)erished ones till liope with 
 life itself was closed. A wail like that which arose from tlie bracken 
 (»n that winter morning of woe, broke forth sixty-five years later Uineath 
 the blaze of a September sun in the scenes amidst which I now write, 
 and as if dissevered into repeated and multiple echoes, assailed the ears 
 and challenged the sympathy of man in every settled portion of the 
 American continent and the islands adjacent. As occasional effoits are 
 made in these days to justify or find a plausible excuse for a trans- 
 action condemned from the first by the universal judgment and 
 conscience of mankind, a brief review of it will not Ix' out of place in 
 these pages. American writers of the last generation were in the habit 
 of treating the episode as a characteristic piece of British tyranny. 
 Sabine, presuming the responsibility of the British Government and the 
 motive to vindicate " the majesty of England," says that " deeds of 
 darker hue have seldom been done." Tt is a noticeable coincidence that 
 as more searching investigations revealed gradually the fact that the 
 
 * Ront5 le Hlanc'.s loyalty hail been thoroughly tried and proved, and he had 
 suffered nuioh from tlie liostlle French and Indians for his service to the Crown. At 
 a very iulvanced age he was landed in New York with his wife and two youngest 
 <:hildien, tlie remaining eighteen of tlie latter being scattered all over the sea- 
 board colonies. 
 
insTOUV OF ANNAPOLIS. 127 
 
 mlii-iiH' ori^iiiiiUMl with Coloiu-l Ijiiwrt'iitr, tlii- lloviTiiur ill Halifiix, iiidtd 
 iiriil siip|M>rt*>(l hy ii Council nf four, of whom tlin'«»* at U'list wen' 
 hostoiiiaiiM, iiml that the niitinli (iovcnimciit were not only innucftit 
 of all ronipliuity in it, but ij,'noiant fvcii of any sui-h purpose until after 
 its i'oini)l»*t«' ♦*x«cution, a oliaii),'*' cani*' gradually ovfT the sentiments of 
 this elass of critics, notalily exempliHed in Parkman's brilliant and 
 seihictive pa«es. Dr. II. Y. Ilind.t of Windsor, a f<'\v years aj{o copied 
 from the archives of the Htate House at Uoston, a do(!ument never 
 previmisly referred to hy writers on the sul)j«ct, which \ here pul)liHh 
 for the first time in permanent form. J It is the substance of a petition 
 froni the Le^^islature of Massachusetts to tlio kinj^, dated January ."list, 
 ITTjO. First expressing "sincere and hearty thanks" for the protection 
 atForded His Majesty's dominions on this continent, it proceeds : 
 
 " N'lim- .MujcMty's HuWjects in this proviruto were ^reiitly Min-prixtMl when they we.'o 
 infoiiiird tliiit the Kieiich liiiil pri'siiiiieil lo lay I'luiin, not only to the greater part of 
 llif I'liiviricc of Nova Scotia, Imt also to a part of tile territorys gianled l)y the royiil 
 chartei- of King U'illiani and t^uoen .Mary to the inhaiiitants of thiH province. 
 
 " We saw with roMi'fiii I lie piojection.t of the French to exlenil their settleinenti 
 on the l>ack of your .MajcNtyV coJonicK from the month of the MiftsisHippi as fai' nortli 
 iirt the River St. Lawrence, but we hail no appreiiension that they would endeavoui' 
 in an}" otiier way than by force of aitns to sejiarate yoin' Majesty's jiossessiotM 
 on the s(>a-('oast. It is higldy pi-ohahle that they are very nnicii eiu^ouraged to the 
 groniiillcMM and uineasonaliie idaim ami attempt liy the absurd neutrality challengeii 
 by the Freneii iniiabitants of youi' Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia, wiio are 
 ^ilways ready to receive and sujiply the troops sent thitiicr iti tiie pay and service of 
 the French ("town, and who encouraged liie native Indians in their bigotry to the 
 Kreneii leligion and interest, anil we have great reason to suppose that those iidiabi- 
 tunts want not the inclination, but wait for a favourable opportunity to declare 
 tlietnsidvcs the subjects of the French King ; which would give them the possession 
 of a country to wliicli wc hinnl)ly conceive he has not a shadow of right ; and this 
 might in time juove of the most fatal con.sei|iience to your Majesty's interests in 
 America ; and we di)id)t not that they would have revolted from your Majesty in 
 the last war, if it had uoi been for the signal favour of Divine I'rovidence in the early 
 reduction of Cape Breton by your New Knglund troojis, and the remarkable and 
 repeated pi'cservation of the garrison of Annapolis Royal by the forces sent from 
 this province. But such extraordinary events may not always bo presumed on ; and 
 we humbly liope that we may b. indulged in earnestly entreating your Majesty that 
 so dangerous a neighbour, and such uncertain and precarious subjects may be com- 
 pelled to leave your Majesty's dominions or be reduced to a more perfect obeilieme 
 ;to your Majesty's crown."' 
 
 * Benjamin Green, great -uncle of the accomplished President of the Massa- 
 chusetts Historical Society ; John Rous, previously master of a Boston privateer, 
 and Jonathan Belcher, son of a governor of Massachusetts. Cotterell's origin I do not 
 know. With all deference I cannot see any ground for the blame that His (Irace 
 Archbisiiop O'Brien imimtes to the "Loyalists" for this act. ("Memoirs of Bp. 
 Burke," p. 51.) Surely here is an anachronism (juite unworthy of so distir.guishcd 
 .an authority. 
 
 t Author of a History of King's College, etc. 
 
 i From a Halifax paper in which Dr. Hind published it. 
 
128 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 This address, ignoring the fact tha*^^ the neutrals had resolutely refused 
 10 supply the troops "sent in the pay and service of the French Crown," 
 and stating what its authors have reason to suppose and " doubt not," 
 breathes the spirit of the times among our New Kngland ancestors in 
 that day of religious bigotry and international animosity, but we must 
 not from its tenor too hastily judge that the Assembly contemplated the 
 measure actually adopted, or would have approved of it, if it had boen 
 presented for consideration in all its naked deformity ; althougii the 
 removal of the Acadians in a body t(j Canada, where they would have 
 been unhampered by any oath of neutrality, would certainly only have 
 transferred the apprehended dangers to the colonies farther north and 
 west. But wherever they might choose to go, the Acadians had warning 
 that if, after the oath they had taken, they were found voluntarily in 
 arms against the English, tliey would be shot without mercy. 
 
 To compel the Acadians to leave the Province, however, was one 
 thing, but such compulsion was never in the slightest degree necessary, and 
 what was done under the name of the "expulsion of the Acadians" was 
 another and ijuite a different thing. Men reason with cogencj' that 
 people who woukl not take the usual oath ot allegiance and become to all 
 intents bound by the obligations of citizenship to the Government of the 
 country they lived in, could not expect to be permitted to live in it ; and 
 the misinformed, who are still many, think that this argument applies to 
 the case of the Acadians. It is assumed that they advanced the \ery 
 unreasonable demand that they should be allowed to remain in tlie 
 country as neutrals and not as subjects ; and that not being willing to 
 leave the country they were simply captured bj' strategy and expelled by 
 force. It will be still (juite new to many who read these pages, that 
 it was not by their own choice, but that of the Government and its 
 representatives in Nova Scotia, that they remained ; and that they 
 persistently sought to avail themselves of the privilege of removal 
 guaranteed to them by the tr'^'>*^v, and were as persistently prevented. A 
 few who had lived in the hanlieue were permitted to sell out and depart, 
 and some managed to make good their escape in the autumn of 1749, 
 after Cornwallis' declaration. Governor Lawrence, even after his concep- 
 tion of the plan for their destruction, wrote thus : "1 believe that a very 
 large part of the inliabitants would submit to any terms rather than take 
 up arms on either side." It is not, therefore, with any fjuestion of the 
 expulsion of the Acadians that we have to deal, but with their annihila- 
 tion as a race or nationality attempted, and with partial success, and 
 untold misery and ruin to the victims, by Governor Lawrence. 
 
 If the British or the Colonial Government had (in effect) said to tlie 
 Acadians, " Since we have for a generation and a half striven in vain to- 
 make British subjects of you, and we now despair of success, and your 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 129 
 
 continuance in tlie countiy bound only by the oath you took at the hands 
 of Governor Phillipps, is a bar to our policy of making this, to all intents 
 and purposes, a Protestant and English-speaking colony, and is inconsistent 
 with the honour iind dignity of the nation, thei-efore you must now sell 
 your lands and go within one (or two) years (or forfeit your lands and go 
 if the promise of Queen Anne was to be ignored), taking with you all 
 your personal i^ffects, or their proceeds, and you are to do all this within 
 the time limited on pain of forfeiture of everything," the contention of 
 tliose who de'c'end what did take place would have been appropriate 
 and applicable, although in the liglit of previous events, mucli still could 
 have been urged on the other side. As for the argument drawn from 
 the assertr ;1 national peril, it is a dangerous one, for it might with the 
 same plausibility have been adduced in favour of a general massacre of 
 theii- able-bodied men in cold blood. There was probably nc period in the 
 liistory of the Acadians from the surrender of Port Royal to the time of 
 their dispersion, when they could not liav'3 been sent to Cape Breton. 
 A few who, ill spite of the devices cont'-ived to detain them, escaped to 
 that island, about the time of the arrival of Cornwallis, not satisfied with 
 the country and their prospects, came back as far as Halifa.x in 17J)4, and 
 presented themselves before Governor Lawrence. After recjuiring an 
 excuse for th(nr conduct in "quitting their lands," he accepted from them 
 the oath of allegiance, which they took cheerfully and without (lualification, 
 and Sent them to their old homes, hoping their return wouhl have a good 
 effect in inducing the others to remain.* These were seized and 
 dispersed with the rest, and so were the family of Prudent Robichau, the 
 .Justice of the Peace at Annapolis, whose loyalty was never questioned. 
 
 In order to correctly understand the matter we must go back to the 
 terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, and the events that followed it 
 during the intervening period of forty-two years. By that treaty the 
 Acadians were allowed the option either to take the oath of allegiance 
 and become British subjects within a year, or to leave the country and go 
 where they pleased, forfeiting, of course, their lands, but taking with 
 them their movable effects. Later in the same year, in return for conces- 
 aions made to the Queen of England on behalf of certain of his Protestant 
 subjects by Lf)uis XIV. King of France, it was agreed between the two 
 sovereigns that the Acadians might retain their lands, or sell them if they 
 saw fit to remove rather than take the oath of allegiance and remain. 
 The Acadians with great unanimity preferred to go with or without the 
 concession specially made by Queen Anne, but a policy of keeping them in 
 the countiy, against their wills, prevailed, and being in violation of the 
 pledged faith of the Crown, was the first criminal error, bringing all the 
 
 * Novtt Scotia Archives, p. 228. 
 
130 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 subsequent ones in its train. On this point Governor Shirley, of Ma.ssa- 
 chusetts, who in 17r)5 was commander-in-chief of tlie armies a<j;ainst 
 France in British North America, wrote on November 21st, 1746, to the 
 Duke of Newcastle, Britisli Secretary of State : 
 
 "It \n indeed now to he wished that General Nicholson iiad upon the first 
 reduction of the colony removed tin; French inhabitants, when they were but a 
 few, and that during the interval of peace the colony had been planted by 
 Protestant subjects ; l»ut after their having remained so long in the country 
 upon the footing of IJritiah subjects under the sanction of the Treaty of Utrecht, 
 and nuiking imi)rovenients on their lands foi' one or two generations, and being 
 grown up into such a nunilicr of families, to drive them off their settlements 
 without further in(|uiry seems to bo liable to many objections. Among others 
 it may be doubted whether under the circumstances of the inhabitants it would 
 clearly appear to be a just usage." 
 
 The objection of the Acadians to taking the reqt'red oath was that 
 it would render them liable to take up arms when required against 
 their kinsfolk and coreligionists. Whenever renewed expression was 
 given to their resolution to depart rather than take this oath, then, with 
 great tact and policy, the pressure on them to take it would be with- 
 drawn for a time, and meanwhile every possible device was resorted to 
 that would prevent their getting away. In 1714 the oath was tendered 
 them, but without any show of compulsion or threat of evil consequences 
 if they refused it. Major Caulfield, Lieutenant-Governor at Annapolis, 
 reported this refusal to the English Government, but urged the great 
 desirability of keeping them in the country, saying, " In case ye 
 Acadians quit us we shall never be able to maintain or protect our 
 English familys from ye insults of ye Indians," and spoke of the cattle 
 and other provisions by which they could supply the fort. France, 
 relying on the honour of the nation and the efficacy of the Queen's 
 promise, sent Captains I)e la Ronde Denys and De Pensens to Anna- 
 polis, to arrange for their removal, but they had to put up with the 
 excuse from Colonel Nicholson, that it would be necessary for him to 
 confer with the authorities at London before anything could be done, 
 thus consuming the time allowed for their departure ; Nicholson at the 
 same time treacherously assuring the French commissioners that they 
 might implicitl}' and in perfect security rely on Queen Anne's promise, 
 while he was treating both it and the treaty with contempt,* and 
 preparing to tell them by and by that the time limited by the treaty 
 for their departure had expired. 
 
 Tn the month after Captain De Pensens' report to his Government 
 we find Governor Vetch, in a letter to tlie Lords of Trade and Planta- 
 tions, protesting in strong terms against allowing the Acadians to leave 
 
 • Parknuiu's '• Half Century of Conflict." Vol. I., pp. 187, 188. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 131 
 
 the country. DiHiculties of an insuperable nature had from the finst 
 been placed by the authorities iiv the way of their transporting them- 
 selves by water. French ships were not allowed to enter, and they 
 built small vessels for the purpose, but the outfits for them were not 
 allowed to be landed.* Governor Phillipps when he assumed charge, 
 threatened them that if they refused to take the oath they must go in 
 four months, and carry away with them only a miaerablj' trifling portion 
 of their effects ; and their election to leave even under these terms being 
 repeated, again he cautiously withdrew the pressure, but when they 
 attempted to open a road, in order to go away overland, he promptly- 
 stopped them, and arrested any individuals or families who attempted 
 to straggle away unobserved. In 1720 the Acadians appealed for help 
 to get away to the Governor of Cape Breton, as they had before the 
 treaty to the Governor of Canada. At length a devic;e was hit upon by 
 Governor Phillipps, or Armstrong, his lieutenant, which seemed to meet 
 the emergency of the case, preserving to the English the advantage of the 
 continued residence of the Acadians in the country, and at the .same time 
 relieving their consciences from the burden of an obligation which they 
 feared might involve them in fratricidal strife, or bring down on them 
 the summary and dreadful vengeance of the Indians, from whom the 
 English were unable to protect them. A condition was added to the 
 ordinary oath of allegiance exempting them from being called on to take 
 up arms. Hence they were afterwards styled " neutrals." The reasons 
 for retaining them in the country in violation of the terms of the treaty 
 were these : First, if they settled in any French colony, they might rein- 
 force the enemy in case of war with France ; and, second, their abode in 
 the Province was exceedingly useful to the Government. They formed, 
 while they remained, what is familiarly called in the modern phraseology 
 of stateci-aft, a sort of " butter state " between Annapolis, the seat of 
 English authority, and the territory still under Fi'ench control, beyond 
 Beaubassin and the Misseguash, and between the English and the Indians. 
 From them the necessary supplies had to be drawn for the Annapolis 
 garrison, and materials for the repairs and maintenance of the fort, and 
 their labours at these repairs were ecjually indispensable. They were 
 also relied on to give warning to the English of an}' signs of an attack 
 by French or Indians. They warned Noble of a probable attack on him 
 at Grand Pre, but he, deeming it impossible for an enemy to reach him 
 during the deep snow of the season, treated their apprehensions with 
 levity. t Undoubted records show that the most severe threats by agents 
 
 • Purknian'.s " Half Century of Conflict," Vol. I., p. 188. 
 
 t The ni)])i'oaching enemy interrupted the usual conimuninations, which aroused 
 the suspicion of tile neutrals, wlio coniniunieated them to Noble. (Murdoch, Vol. 
 II., p. 10«.) 
 
132 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 of the French Government to hand them over to the merciless revenge 
 of the Indians failed to shake their resolution to withliold fnmi J)u 
 Vivier the use of their arms and ammunition when, relying on their 
 active aid, he laid siege to the fort. " We live under a mild and tran- 
 quil government," replied the Acadians to the threats of the French 
 commander, "and we have all good reason to he faithful to it." 
 Mascareiie, on the other hand, in a (les{)atch to Governor Shirley, testi- 
 fied to the alacrity and cheerfulness with which they not oidy supplied 
 the materials, but worked at the repairs of the fort, "to the very day 
 preceding the attack," and in four other letters and despatches he 
 acknowledged Ms oblig.ation to the Acadians for the salvation of the 
 foit in this critical emergency.* As to the geneial discharge of the 
 novel and dt^licate duties of the neutrality which had been imposed on 
 them, we ma ,' take as many different views of it as there were successive 
 governors ruling them, for no two of these tell the same story. As it 
 was impossible for the people themselves to assume such chameleon-like 
 changes of character and deportment, we must look for a solution of the 
 difficulty to the character and temper of the respective governors them- 
 selves. They had a friend in the gracious and graceful, but l)rave- 
 hearted soldier, Mascarene, and in Hopson, the predecessor of Law- 
 rence; stern but not oppressive rulers in Vetch, Phillipps and Corn- 
 wallis ; suspicious and unrelenting enemies in Nicholson, the treacherous 
 and mean enem}' of Vetch and a coiirse tyrant to his own people, and 
 in Armstrong! and Lawrence. For nearly half a century were they 
 teased and harassed by such a succession of rulers, alternately using, 
 according to their several tempers, blandishments, severity and menace, 
 but all animated by one purpose, — to make them take an oath of umjuali- 
 fied allegiance if possible, but to retain them in the country whether or 
 no. Their disposition to submit to extreme terms rather than subscribe 
 to the required oath proves the transcendant importance they attached 
 to such an oath, and would of itself indicate that fidelity to a sworn obli- 
 gation was a ruling feature of their character. And their conduct as a 
 whole in fulfilling the recjuirements of the oath which they had taken 
 amply justifies the conclusion which their remarkable scrupulousness 
 suggests. The statement of Parkman, that they would neither leave 
 the country nor take the oath, is contradicted by every record bearing 
 on the question, and is the more to be reprobated as its author is one of 
 
 •Quoted by Richard, Vol. I., pp. 207-200, and also partially in Nova Scotia 
 Archives, pp. 140-151. 
 
 + Mascarene, a Frenchman, although an expatriated Haguenot, loyally attached 
 to the service of liis adopted country, knew and understood them better than 
 any of their other rulers. Campbell in his history of Nova Scotia, struggling to 
 find some excuse for an act at which he says, "the moral instincts of mankind 
 shudder," quotes the hostile account of Armstrong, and omits the contrary testi- 
 mony of others. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAinn.IS. 133 
 
 the most gifted and fascinating historical writers of recent days. Mean- 
 while the Acadians were increasing apace, and as it was deemed inipoHtic 
 in the existing state of aflfairs to make grants of hind in the colony to 
 any but Protestant settlers, the neutrals were under the continual 
 necessity of subdividing their farms ; and as there was a difficulty 
 about lega. recognition of their titles, disputes about boundaries, as 
 they naturally became frequent, were incapable of satisfactory adjust- 
 ment, the provincial courts being closed to them. 
 
 Between their suspicious and masterful rulers on the one hand, and 
 the enemies of the English, the implacable Indians, wlio could brook no 
 toleration bj' them of English lule, on the other, and ever by force or 
 stratagem restrained from removing even without tlieii- effects, their 
 position was painful and delicate be5'ond all precedent. But there can 
 be no doubt that in this peculiar isolation, under the beneficent influence 
 of many saintly spiritual guides (for th^ir priests were not all Le Loutres 
 or Gaulins) the domestic and social virtues flourished among them in 
 a most marked and emi-i-^nt manner ; and it cannot be successfully 
 questioned that they enjoyed a state of freedom from the vices which 
 disfigure society and mar human happiness, unequalled in the history of 
 any other portion of the human race. Contemporary observers* corrobo- 
 rate the Abbe Raynal, whose glowing account of the Acadians, culled 
 from contemporary reports, is condemned as poetic fiction, but Haliburton 
 rightly says that his description is nearer the truth than many imagine. 
 The discreet and generous historian of Nova Scotia judged from traces 
 of their former condition which survived among the descendants of the 
 exiles to his da}', and I will here add not only to his day, but to mine, 
 sifter their subjection to alien influences for several genert'itions — as the 
 grandeur of an ancient temple may be infei-red by the magnificent 
 proportions and character of its remains. I took up in the third 
 decade of the century the thread of experience from a hand that had 
 carried it from its beginning, and can add my unfaltering testimony to 
 the earlier one of paternal trfulition, that the successors of the people 
 of the exile — 
 
 " Dwelt together in love, these siiiii)le Acndiaii fiirmei'H, 
 Dwelt in the love of f Jod and luiin." 
 
 Within my per.>onal recollection — 
 
 " Neitliei' locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows, 
 But their chvellings were open as day and the hearts of their owners." 
 
 As soon as Cornwallis assumed the reins of Government in 1747, he 
 demanded with military emphasis that the Acadians should now abandon 
 
 * Bishop tSt. Vallier. See Arclibisliop O'Brien'.s " Life of Bishop Burke," ))p. 4!t, 
 152. Sir Brook Watson, Rev. Hugh Graham, Nova Scotia Hist, Soc, Coll., 
 Vol. II., p. 129 vt seq., especiallv pp. 132, 133. 
 
134 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 their position and status as neutrals under the modified oath with whicli, 
 for the sake of retaining them, Phillipps had l)een content, and take a, 
 full and unqualified oath or leave the country. They pleaded in reply 
 the treaty, Queen Anne's letter, and the mutual obligations of the 
 convention with Phillipps, accepted and ratified by succeeding governors. 
 He warned them that if they insisted on leaving they should forfeit all 
 their personal as well as real property, and when they discovered a 
 disposition to go even under these cruel conditions,* he took prompt 
 steps to render the immediate departure of any considerable number of 
 them impossible. Winter was then approaching, during which season 
 they could not go. In the following March he announced his intention 
 not to press them on the subject of the oath for a time, but deputies 
 from the settlements early reached Halifax and renewed their recjuest for 
 leave to depart, to which he replied that no such leave could be granted 
 until their crops should have been sown. Sadly but resignedly they 
 set themselves to sowing crops for the stranger and the alien, as they 
 supposed, to reap, which task accomplished, they again presented them- 
 selves before the Governor with a repetition of the request, the delegates- 
 from Annapolis being Charles Prejean and Jacques Michel. Governor 
 Cornwallis, amazed at their resolution, spoke in softer tones than before, 
 and declared their immediate removal impracticable, inasmuch as he 
 " would have to notify all the commanders of His ^Majesty's ships and 
 troops to allow everyone to pass and repass, which would cause the 
 greatest confusion." He gave them to understand that they could not 
 go in a body, but individuals only might depart one by one, each 
 provided with a passport, but this essential formula he declared himself 
 not then prepared to issue, and professed astonishment that they should 
 expect to be allowed to leave in the then state of the Province. This 
 was their last despairing effort to get away from the country previous to 
 their sudden surprise, seizure and forcible deportation and dispersion in 
 1755. It has been said that from this date they were prisoners in the 
 country, but practically they had been so from the date of the conquest 
 by Nicholson. When Lawrence, the better and easier to accomplish his 
 ever-memorable coup-d'etnt, called on them to deliver up their arms, 
 they, as we have seen, quietly did so, although arms were so essential to 
 a community living on the edge of the primeval wilderness where the 
 wild beiist prowled in waiting for their flocks and herds and children ; 
 and in their petition to Lawrence on the occasion of these closing inter- 
 views, they pathetically said, "Besides, the arms we carry are a feeble 
 surety of fidelity. It is not the gun that the inhabitant possesses which 
 will lead him to revolt, nor the depriving him of that gun that will make 
 
 * Alexandre Hebert and Joseph Dugas represented the French at Annapolis in 
 the negotiationH of this yeai', July and October, IH~. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAl'Or-IS. 135 
 
 him more faithful, but hin conscience alone ought to engage him to 
 maintain it." The obvious design of this passage, as it always seemed to 
 my humble apprehension, was to convey to the Governor a sense of the 
 overpowering weight on their consciences of the obligation of the oath 
 which they had taken, and which they were willing to renew, or depart 
 to new homes, and to be redolent of a most sensitive spirit of guilelessness 
 and honour. The Governor, however, denounced it as "presumptuous," 
 and charged them with treating the Government " with indignity and 
 contempt," by " assuming to expound to the Council the nature of fidelity, 
 and to prescribe what would be the proper security to be relied on foi- 
 their fidelity." 
 
 The intellectual and moral capacity of the Governor did not seem able 
 to rise to the level of the ideal shadowed forth in this touching paragraph. 
 Guileles-sness and honour, keenly .sensitive to suspicion and reproach, 
 were counted negative quantities in the calculations of policy and power. 
 But among the modern apologists of the proceedings of Lawrence, it is 
 painful to find this document styled "an insolent memorial."* The 
 Acadians had, as Mascarene testified, and as abundant evidence in the 
 provincial archives proves, faithfully kept the terms of the qualified oath 
 forced on them in lieu of the option to depart secured by the treaty so 
 long before, even giving the earliest possible intelligence to the English of 
 the approach of an enemy,! and if, in the process of time, it came to be 
 held that those terms were no longer consistent with the national honour 
 and dignity, the argument urged by the Acadians that the provisions of 
 the treaty should be revived from their desuetude, and that they should 
 be put into the position they held when it was signed, was of patent and 
 irresistible cogency. Banishment and confiscation of estates are appro- 
 priate and customary punishment for treason when the offender is spared 
 the extreme penalty ; but what act of treason was committed by the 
 Acadians of the various ranks, ages, sexes and conditions who were 
 about to be involved in one common and indiscriminate proscription ? 
 
 The French on the mainland, beyond the isthmus which connects it 
 with the peninsula, perpetually harassed their neutral neighbours by 
 incitements to join them in attacks against the English. These efforts 
 culminated in the burning of their buildings, including even their church, 
 so that they were conipelled to take unwelcome refuge beyond the border, 
 where afterwards they were forced by their former compatriots, under 
 threats of death, to accept arms and throw themselves, about three 
 hundred in number, into Fort Beausejour — not a bemt. si-jour to them. 
 So repugnant was this to their inclinations and desires, that while the 
 fort was invested by the English, many of them escaped to the English 
 
 *Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. V., p. 83. 
 
 t Murdoch, Vol. I., p. 411 ; II., pp. 18, 42, 73, 106. Hunnay, p. 349. 
 
13() IIISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 linos : seventeen of them wore arrested in attempts to escape and brought 
 hack, and the great body of them wljen the crisis came refused to fight, 
 so that the besiegers gained an easy and comparatively bloodless victor}'. 
 
 In consequence of this unswerving attachment to their oath in a time 
 (jf crucial trial and extreme difficulty, one of the terms of the capitulation 
 granted to the garrison by Moncton reads as follows : " As to tlie 
 Acadians, as they were forced to beai- arms under pain of death they 
 shall be pardoned." Lawrence professed to regard this as meaning tliat 
 they should be exempted from the death penalty only, from which it is 
 not a very strained inference that he would have felt himself justified 
 in ordering them to military execution but for this stipulation, whereas 
 Col. Moncton evidently regarded them as guilty of no offence whatever. 
 And yet this crime, if crime it can be called, with which the French in the 
 other settlements were in nowise connected, was the sole, actual pretexts 
 for a sentence of irretrievable disaster and ruin against every Acadian 
 of every age aiid sex in the whole peninsula, not only in the vicinity 
 of Forts Beaust'jour and Beaubassin, but from Piziijuid (Windsor) to Port 
 Royal ; aye, further, away at its western extremity at Pubnico, a little 
 community founded by the D'Kntremonts and Latours of noble lineage 
 juid historic fame, perfectly isolated and absolutely harmless, innocent and 
 ignorant of what was going on in the world outside the bounds of their 
 circumscribed horizon, were, by a decree unspeakably atrocious, eternally 
 disgracing our provincial annals, condemned to share the same awful 
 fate.* With humiliation and shame we must ackn'nvledge that Sabine 
 was right : " Darker deeds have seldom been done." 
 
 After the sui-reiider of Beausejour, Lawrence wrote to the Lords of 
 Trade and Plantations, under date June 28th, 1755, that the " deserted 
 Acadians "referring ostensiblj' to those who were found at Beausejour 
 — were delivering up their arms, and that lu; had given Colonel Moncton 
 orders to "drive them out of the country at all events, first making use 
 of their labour to do all the service in their power;" to which the 
 Secretary of State, under date August 13th, replied, criticising the 
 Governor's letter for its ambiguity cas to the particular Acadians he 
 proposed to expel — whether the three hundred or all those who lived near 
 Beausejour, or all who lived in the peninsula, and expressing disapproval 
 of such a step as to either lH)dy, because a partial measure of harshness 
 might exasperate those who remained into acts of rebellion, and to 
 make it universal would increase the forces of the French king. The 
 British Government, with nearly fifty years of experience as their 
 guide, thought it the wiser course that they should remain even as 
 neutrals. The king's ministers, who were themselves the very guardians 
 of England's honour, and champions of England's sovereignty, and 
 
 * Nova Scotia Archives, p. 300. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 137 
 
 certainly the best, iiw well as the authoritative, judges, did not see as 
 Murdoch, writing a hundred years later,* saw, that "such a neutrality 
 as had been suffered, but never sanctioned, by the hritish Government, 
 was wholly incompatible with its just rights of sovereignty, and that all 
 measures requisite to end it, to bring the land and all its dwellers under 
 unconditional submission to the laws of the Empire, were now essential 
 to the dignity of the nation, and to the preservatifjn of its territory." 
 That Governor I^awrence's step had become necessary to the honour, 
 dignity and interests of the nation, is indeed a favourite argument ; but 
 the alleged necessity the liritish Government utterly faile<l to perceive. 
 Except in the imagination of mo<lern apologists, no such a necessity 
 ever existed, or the Lords of Trade and Plantations would have been 
 the first to perceive it, as well as the only ones authorized U) take 
 cognizance of it. Referring to a proposition then recently made by the 
 F'rench minister at London, that in view of the ccmiplications created by 
 the lapse of so hmg a period, three years should be given the Acadians in 
 which to arrange for and accomplish their departure and migration to 
 the new abodes they might decide upon, the Secretary of State further 
 said; "In regard to the three years' transmigration proposed for the 
 Acadians of the peninsula, it would be depriving Great Britain of a very 
 considerable number of useful subjects if such transmigration should 
 extcmd to those who were inhabitants there at the time of the treaty, 
 and their descendants." This indicates the opinion of the king's advisers 
 touching the "just rights of sovereignty," and the "dignity of the 
 nation," which it i%now contended were involved. 
 
 From these utterances it is abundantly clear that the Lords of Trade 
 understood Lawrence as proposing only to put into effect the migration 
 contemplated by the Treaty of Utrecht ; it never entered into the hearts 
 or brains of any of that body to conceive or imagine the unique scene 
 of woe and horror, upon which, in the king's name, he was about to lift 
 the curtain. William of Orange, before he placed his sign-manual to 
 the atrocious order which doomed Mclan and his clansmen to the sword, 
 was by the victim's ruthless enemy kept uninformed of the fact that 
 they had, although tardily, made the required submission. Le.ss guilty 
 than he. King George and his councillors knew nothing whatever of the 
 diabolical scheme of their representative in Nova Scotia ; and before 
 Secretary Robinson's despatch had time to reach Halifax, the appalling 
 purpose had been successfully accomplished, and a stain left on the 
 escutcheon of Nova Scotia that can never be efiaced. 
 
 It is a subject of speculation what could have prompted the provincial 
 authorities to design and carry out a measure of such supreme impoi'- 
 tance on their own responsibility. The victims were admittedly "useful 
 
 •Murdoch's "Nova Scotia," Vol. II., p. 287. 
 
188 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 subjects"; for forty ywirs they hiul, as a Ixnly, kept inviolate tli«) (|iialiiie(l 
 oath submitted to and accepted by tliem in lieu of the privilejje of remov- 
 ing with their effects to foreign territory. Litmtenant-Governor Caulfield 
 liad testified, "I have always observed since my coming here, the for- 
 wardnes.s of the Acadians to servo us when occasion ofl'ered." If they 
 had refraine<l from working at or supplying the fort at Annapolis, and, 
 on the other hand, had aided l)u Vivier in his attempt on it, his capture 
 of the fort would have put their destiny into their own hands, and the 
 long-sought-for opportunity of transplanting their homes to new shores 
 would have arrived. They could have removed with their effects to Cape 
 Breton or St. John Island, to Canada, perhaps even to Louisiana, or the 
 land of their fathers, old France, in comfort and at their leisure. But as 
 we have seen, they withstood all his attempts upon their good faith and 
 integrity. Only five years before their dispersion, (Jovernor Hopson had 
 written to the Lords of Trade, " Mr. Cornwallis can inform your Lord- 
 ships how useful and necessary the.se people are to us ; how impossible 
 it is to do without them, or to replace them, even if we had other settlers 
 to put in their places." Lawrence had none to put in their places, and 
 no prospect of any.* Two years still later Hop.son had written, " I 
 hope I may not be directed to send out those (foreign Protestant settlers) 
 we have, to settle anywhere among the French inhabitants, for I have 
 sufHcient reason to be assured, was that to be done, the latter would 
 immediately cjuit the Province." Finally, we have the conviction of 
 Governor Lawrence himself, asserted in a letter! to the Board of 
 Trade, of August 1st, 1854: "I believe a very* large part of the 
 inhabitants would submit to any terms rather than take up arms on 
 either side," and he had seen this conviction verified by the conduct of 
 the three hundred who were forced into Fort Beausejour. Therefore, 
 the motive of fear that they might, on a favourable opportunity, join the 
 English, could liave had no rational existence, although in defence of 
 the act, as well in justification of the deportation later of others and of 
 some who hafl returned, what they might do, rather than what they had 
 done, was always urged as the ground and reason for their punishment. 
 What, therefore, could have been the real motive of Governor Lawrence 
 long baffled my judgment and imagination ; and I was startled when the 
 potent one suggested by the author of "Acadia" met my eyes. Without 
 adopting or rejecting that painful theory, I will state it. He holds 
 that the Governor and his Cfincil were inspired by purely mercenary 
 motives, and mentions in support of this view that no account was ever 
 rendered by Ijawrence of the proceeds of the live stock of the Acadians, 
 which was of enormous value, and that grants of twenty thousand acres 
 
 •Nova Scotia Archives, p. 197. fid. p. 214. 
 
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 13!> 
 
 of land each * were wxm after inadt; to nu'iiihers of liis Council, und other 
 favourites and alu^ttors, including the very valual)le lands left tetiantless 
 by the Acadians. The former of these two circumstancea was mentioned 
 in a memorial against Lawrence l)y a number of the citizens of Halifax, 
 whose agent, Ferdinand John Paris, in a letter to the Lords of Trade, in 
 1758, placed the amount realized by him from this source at about 
 ^20,000. 
 
 At Grand Pr«( adequate means of preserving tlie live stock from 
 destruction wore not available, for although an attempt was made witli 
 ordy partial success to drive some of the horses and cattle through to 
 Lunenburg, when the English settlers in Kings County arrived they 
 found at the skirts of the forest huge heaps of bones of the sheep and 
 cattle that huddled together to die of cold and starvation after the 
 hands that used to minister to their wants had been withdrawn.! As 
 for the lands rendered vacant, " they were immediately occupied by the 
 English," J who appropriated at once the enormous harvests with which 
 they teemed, although no English-speaking colonists came to permanently 
 settle them for several years. The memorial just cited charges Law- 
 rence with many acts of tyranny and oppression against the citizens.!^ 
 Certain it is that on the day after the imprisonment of the first batch of 
 Acadian delegates he issued a proclamation denouncing severe penalties 
 upon "any person or persons," who "should presume to utter, publislj 
 and declare any insinuations or reports reflecting on the administration 
 of the Government." 
 
 As to the character of Governor Lawrence it may be best judged f)f 
 by his policy and methods. It would be absurd to (juestion his ardent 
 zeal for the substantial interests of the Government whose servant ln' 
 was, but any conscientious scruple as to the means to be used, or any 
 tenderness of regard for the honour and credit of that Government 
 confided to his keeping, was a stranger to his l)reast. The steps which 
 he took to fill up the depeopled country were wise and energetic. But 
 he liad the tlisposition of a tyrant toward those who had the misfortune 
 to be subject to his authority ; and his opposition to the scheme of 
 establishing a legislature in the Province was characteristic. In fact, he 
 was desirous of reducing the colony to military rule. Deep in his plans, 
 and resolute in pursuing the most direct course that would lead to their 
 accomplishment, he was capable of carrying out the most cruel measures 
 without the least twinge of human compunctions, or sensation of 
 generous emotions. His proclamation oifering rewards for Indian scalps, 
 
 * Murdoch, Vol. II., p. 528; Haliburton, Vol. II., p. 101. 
 
 fill. Vol. II., p. 121. 
 
 ^Id. Vol. II., p. 100. 
 
 8 See Richard, Appendix Vol. II., p. 364, from the Brown M8S. in British 
 
 Museum 
 
140 IIISIOUY <»K ANNA IH IMS. 
 
 ^I'Hiliiated iiccorilitiK to tlio ii^tt mid hi*x of tli«> victim, is iiiiotliiM- poiiitiMl 
 iii<l)>x to his eliiiract«>r, iis w<>|| as a sad iilot upon tlio pagos of our 
 |)t-ovineial history. Of th«js<' iiUMisunw Murdoch says: " It is iinpossil)!)* 
 to r<>ad th«> sol<>iiiii orders for destroying and annihilating^ tlie homes 
 and surroundinj^s of our fi'llow-ereatures. tlie foirihle capture and removal 
 of families, tlie rewarrls in money for the scalps of an enemy, and many 
 otiier proceedings of those in authority at this peiitul, without strong 
 .sensatiotis of pain and disgust." 
 
 An awful story is on recorci* of four fu^jitive Frenchmen who had 
 ♦•scaped the deportation, heiiif; wantonly shot, and their scalps repre- 
 .seiited as scalps of Indians tu secure the reward. A;;ain, u Htill more 
 horrible tale : Twenty-five scalps were offered, some of which there was 
 reason to supjiose inif^ht have been of fugitive Frtsnch Captain 
 Huston, then paymaster, objected to such proceedings, but Colonel 
 MtJiitague Wilmot, afterwards governor, ordered the money to be paid, 
 on the grouml that the French were in point of law out of the country, 
 and if the authority granted by the pnjclamation were " strained a 
 little," tlie transgression might be winked at. Murdoch styles the year 
 1765 an "ugly" year. I apply that epithet to the whole periinl of the 
 administrntions of Lawrence, Belcher and Wilmot. 
 
 Lawrence, if not ignorant of the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, and 
 the subsequent «iarly dealings with the Acadians under it, was certaiidy 
 indifferent to the obligations it imposed on the Crown for their benefit. 
 With tht* spirit of the most severe among the Puritans, although not a 
 Puritan himself, he held in the most thorough abhorrence and contempt 
 thosti whom he called " Popish n^cusants " and " the inveterate enemies 
 to our religion ;" and cohceived that they had no rights by treaty or the 
 laws of humanity, which an Knglish and Protestant governor was bound 
 to respect. There is every reason to be assured that his contemporaries 
 in Halifax, except a few immediate advisers and confidants to whom it 
 opened large immediate or prospective profit, disapproved of and revolted 
 from his atrocious policy toward the Acadians, but in that day any 
 «xpre.ssion of an adverse opinion would have been deemed treason. For 
 many years every attempt at a discussion of the (juestion was vigorously 
 suppres.sed. 
 
 M. Richard on this point quotes largely from a manuscript history of 
 the Province by the Rev. Andrew Brown, D.D., a Scotch divine richly 
 endued with the historic spirit, and a man of great learning and ability, 
 who came to the Province in 1 785, and after a pastorate of eight years 
 in Halifax,! returned in 1795 to his native land, and died while filling 
 
 * Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., p. 141. 
 
 t Dr. Brown was the inmiediat« preileceasor at St. Matthew's Church of Rev. 
 Dr. Aroliibald (Jray, whose .son, Rev. Archilwld (Jray, M.A. , was Rector of Digby, 
 juul grandson, Rev. W. S. Gray, late Curate at Annapolis. 
 
IIISTOUV OF WNAI'OI.IS. 141 
 
 th«' olwiir of ili«'t<irii' mid lii'llpxl<tlff» in tin' I'liiNcrsity of I'Minliiuxli. 
 Ditctor lliMwii, diiriii;,' his n'sidt'iici- nt, llnlifux, aviiilfd liiinsclf of (lie 
 opjiortuiiity to giitlicr iiiforination from liviii;; and icliiililc sourctvs, and 
 ocjuld not fail to oorioctly H""K" foiitcni|Mtrary o|iiiiioii on tlm suhj»'ct. 
 HiM own jiid<,'rnfnt was that, excepting' the massacre of St. Harthoh>in»'\v, 
 h»! kiii'W (»f no act f(Hialiy ifpri-hmsildc as the Acadian removal that 
 <;unld he hiid to tiie charj^e of the Krench nation. " In their colonies, 
 nothing," he .said, " was escr done that apj)roaches il in cruelty and 
 atioi-iousne.sH.' * 
 
 (Jovernor Lawrence diei. at Midifa.x, October llMii, 17(tO, after a 
 week's illness, aged fifty-tive, umnarried, and just in time to escape an 
 oHicial incpiiry into the wh(»le conduct of his administration, granted 
 in response to petitions and memorials from the citizens of Halifax, 
 r»!j)eatfd and pressed for over ihrtMs years, and suppoited hy a delegate 
 to Londcm already mentioned. This in(|uiry, as it appears hy a despati^li 
 from the l^ords of Trade to his suocessoi', emhiaced the chaige of (uicour 
 aging outrages hy the disorderly part of the military on the property 
 atid lives of the citizens, and "other far greater eiioiniities " ; and we 
 must assume that it would have lesulted in a vitulicatioti of tin- 
 national honour and good faith in respect to his treatment of the 
 Acadians. He w.is, howe\er, huried at tin* public expense, but a monu- 
 ment ordereil by the Legislatuie to be erected to his memory in St. 
 Paul's Church, recording in some particulars "not what he was, but 
 what he should ha' ; been," is now "not to Im* found among those that 
 adorn the walls"! of that historic temple. 
 
 The numbei' of the Krench deported from this county was aV)Out sixteen 
 hundred and fifty. At given sigiuils the torch was applie<l to their houses 
 and barns, and from Moschelle to Paradis*;, and from (Joat Island east- 
 ward to the township line, the landscape was soon wrapt in smoke and 
 tiame, and next (hiy <inly blackened chimney stacks and cellar walls 
 marked the recent abodes in peace and plenty of an industiious and ha[)py 
 population. A considerable number in the eastern section managed to 
 escape into the wockIs with a few cattle ; of these, some, attempting to 
 form a settlement on the sliorcs of St. Mary's Bay, were dislodged in 
 1757; others eked out a precarious subsistence in the woo<l8, until at 
 length they joined the settlement which the returning exiles founded 
 in the western end of the county. Those who managed to cross the bay, 
 and took refuge witi; the French on the Miramichi, belonged mostly to 
 the settlements on tho north side of the river. Hannay's estimate that 
 two-thirds of the exiles .eventually returned to the Province is obviously 
 extravagant. Shipwreck, disease and want would tell enormously on a 
 people of their habits, and be fatal to the sick and agetl of any people, 
 
 * Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., p. 149. + Akina. 
 
142 IIIST(»KV OK ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 iiml ili(t }'i(uri;{ rliililrcii who cainr in willi tin; ('•■riirtiiti^ c^xiitiH iiiiiHt. 
 liJivc Im'cii IhiI'ii iluriii;{ I.Ik^ I'xilf, tor |)iii'ctil.H in H(>nn! few (wiHti.s HiK.Miccdfd 
 in I'fl'ccM.in^ a reunion iillJioii^li tlicy <m)uI(I no), re cHUiMiHli ii lionie. Ity 
 lii'i-niiHsion of the iiiiUior I copy tlin followiii;^ from liiitliiinrH " Acudiu," 
 Vol. II., p. .".LT. : 
 
 " W'liih |ii'iiic wiiH ciiricliiilcil ill I7<'i'{" (I iiiii (|iiiit.lii^;, with Hlijjjlit, iiildiliiiiiH of my 
 own, li'orii ILaiMi'Hii), "out. of iilionl <),'>()() AriidiiuiH wlioliiul Ix^rij (li!|iortiMl to tlin 
 Uniluil iSt.atoH, tlieic n^iiiaiiKiil a lit.lln iiiori' lliaii one lialf. Ofl.ttii liiid tln^y in vain 
 lii'^';7i'i) Dim aiitliorilii'M to allow tliciii lo leave the (ilace of their exile ; liiit after tlie 
 jieace their hoiiiewaicj iiihIi wan reniHt leHK. l>i\eiH ^i()ii|m iiiaile for (/'aiiaila, where 
 they Het,tleil, Home at I'Aeailie, iieiir St. .lohll, 1'.',^., ol heiM at St. tJrej^oire, Nieolet, 
 ami Hceaiieoiir, in the |)iHl riet of 'I'hret^ IliveiH, ami otheiH at St .lae(|iieH I'Ai^hiKaii, 
 ill all of which |ilaeeH tliey fornieil rieli ami prim|>(W'<iiiH |iariHlieH. 
 
 " 'I'lioMe who hail not heeii alile to join t hi.i (ixoillls, met to><et her three yeiilH later, 
 III the H|iriii;{ of I7(i(!, at ISimton, with the iiileiition of W'eMiliii){ their way liai'k to 
 their loHt mill laiiienteil Aeailia. 'I'lii^re I lien reinaiiieil in foreign lainlH only a Hiiiall 
 minority, rivi'teil to the Mpot. hy inlirmity or extreme want. W'v iiiiiHt, however, 
 eM'e|it tlioMe who had lieeii de|iortiMl t,o .Maryland, where the preHenee of Kn^liHh 
 <!atliolieH and of a few prieHt.H had in.id<! their lot. leHH intolurutilc, and wlioro Home of 
 their deHeeiidantH may Htill lie found. 
 
 " The heroic eiiravan " whieh formed in HohIoii and lelorininod to ero.iH tlio foreHt 
 wilderneHS of .Maine on IIh return to Acadia, waH niadn up of alioiit ei^lit hundred 
 liei'MiinH. "On foot, ami almoHl without proviHionH, tlicHi; pil^riiiiH hraved the jierilH 
 and fati^iicH of a return hy lami, marching up t.iie eoiiHt of th« Kay of Kiintly iih far 
 aH the iHthinuH of Shediac, acroHH hIx hundred iiiileH of fore.Mt and iiuinlialiiteil tiiolin- 
 taiiiH ; Home pregnant women of this pitiful hand were iMinfined on th(^ wny. I 
 have) known Home of the hoiih of tliiMe children of Horrow, who told mo thiH Hlory iih 
 they had it from their fatheiH, horn in the cour-He of tliin painful Journey. 
 
 " No one wdl evi'iknow all that t Iichc unfortunate |ieii|ile, foi'Hakeii and forgottutl 
 hy everyliody, millered iih tlii^y hewed their way throiij^sh the wildiU'iUiHH ; the many 
 viiiliH i^oiie hy have long nince HiillcMl the echocH of their wigliH in the forent, which 
 itHcIf liiiH diHiippiMired ; nil the vvocm of thcHc liapleHH hiungH are now lont in the 
 MhadowH of the pant-; otlieiH are joyoiiHly iea|iing liarveHlH on their oliliterated 
 cam|iing grouiidH, and there hardly remairiM aught hut a few dim triidit.ioiiH of thin 
 Hiililime iind Horrowfiil exodun hciiI tered among I he lireHide tales of iigeil AeadiatiH on 
 I he liay of l''umly. 
 
 " In the wild patliH that wouml in and out tliioiigh the interininalile foreMtH of 
 Maine, tliis long line of einigrantH wiilked painfMlly on ; there were Hlnall groiipH of 
 women and children, drugging the Hiende.r haggage of iniHery, while the men, 
 scattering hither and thither, Hoiight in t he iliiiHe, in liHhing and even among wild 
 roots, Hoiiielhiiig wherewith to feed them. 'I'heie were very small children, who 
 wcri^ hardly 'dile lo Wiiik and were Iccl l>y the liiiiul, the larger chililren c'lirrying 
 them from lime lo time; many of I liese iiiifort iiiiati' mothers held an infant in 
 I heir anus. Mill! the cries of these poor liiilicM wi'ie the only sound that liroke the 
 gloomy and dismal silence of the woods. 
 
 "How many dieil on the way, iliildren, women and men men? How many 
 lireathed their liiHt, overpowered l>y weariness, Hull'ering from hunger, Hitting down 
 to he forgotten forever in Home wild path, without priest, without itonsolation, 
 svithoiit friends? 'I'lii' last iigony of ilentli was emhitlered, for these innocent 
 victims, liy all the anguish of regriM and neglect. 
 
 " While this sorrowful c^aravan advaiK^'d, some indeed were! found whose failing 
 
lirsTollV OK ANN'AI'OMH. I 4.'{ 
 
 Hl.rfiiif{t,li ritfiiHi'cl 1(1 I'Miiy tlii'tii iiiiy I'liiliii'i' ; liiivvrvci', .ill liiil iiol HiKciiinli, iiiiil niin 
 afU'.r iiiiiilliiM' II lew ){iiiii|iH ri'iiiiiliK'il iiliiii^ tin- imiil lo turiii tlii< iiiictli'j nf riitiii)' 
 coloniim. ||. wiiM lliiiH tliitt, on llic ImnkM of \\\v Kivri SI. .loliii, mivcriil iMiiiilinH 
 lixcil llii.jr iilioilo iiiiijil the riilim of tlif wtl liwiiciitM foriiimly oi^'iipirij liy iIm. Kiciicji 
 ill tlii.s ilJHU'ii'l, wlii'ir, ill \\\r iiiiriiwit lii'f of .Iriimi'k |of wliicli \m Toiii' liail luin l.lir 
 owiiot'l iiiiil ill tliiit of l'',Uoii|iii^, Hoiiir fiiw Ai'iiiliaii i'liiniliiiH Ht.iii dwoll. 
 
 " Wlii'ii the (. I ill I III II of ('x ill 'M, tiiiiiiii'"! oiil, liy I III! f Iiiiil ii'H of till 1 joiiiMoy, ri'iiclii-'l 
 tlii^ IihiiUh of (III- I'd iti'oiliiic, tlii'y liiiii Im'I'II four iiioiiIIih on llir roiiil. 'I'lii'ii', iil 
 li'iij<l.li, lln^y coiilil IiihIi' II few nioiin'iil m oI rcpoKo iiinl coiihoIiiI ion ; I liir Iil hI. to (omK! 
 oill. III. IIk! fool of I he wooiliMJ inolinliiiii riiiiKi' )iloii>{ llii.M livrr liicl llicrc hoiiic iiicii, 
 liiilf liiiiil.riH, half liimliiiiiilini'ii, who Hpokc llii'ir liiiiKii»K<'> '■'"I 'iihoiik whom Ihry 
 Willi! Mol, hIow III iri:o;;iii/,i. fellow <oiinlryiiirii iiinl reliitiveH. TliiM wiih the 
 rnniMiiiit of lliit foi'iiici' inlwiliiliinlH of Mi'iiiniiiicook, ('lii|ioily itiiil lliit iHUiiiiiiH of 
 Slii'iliiii:. . . . I'liiililiiif^H mill i:liuii'iii(<H wiM'i' ali'(iii<ly lo Im Hunn iilon^ llm livrr 
 liaiik, whi-n l.lir liiiml of cuplivrH i'el.iiriiiii;{ fioin t\\c nnilivj Sl.iit.iiM joini-il llii'iii iit 
 l;lir i^loHr of l.lir Hiiiiiiiii-i' ol '170(1', I How l.oiii.|iiii){ iiiiml. havr liooii llm MiiHil.iiig, 
 iifliT II Ki!|iiinilioii of rli'vrn yi-iiiH, of tlie.m! lieiii^.K wlioHo IiiniiIk wrrc wrung Uy ii 
 iMiiiiiiioii iMilaiiiily ! Ileri', iil li .ihI,, I he wayfiinwH coiilil ii-hI. for a iiioini'iil in |iiiiir(! 
 ufl.rr I heir nxitoHHivi' fali^iicN, willioiil. any liHk of n^lmH' or ill will from iniliil'itriirit 
 or lioHtilii Htran^iit'H, | 'I'lie fiirndH l.litiy IiimI JiihI, foiiml a^aiii wiiri' IIii-iiihi'Ivch viMy 
 (loiir, liiil. Ihiiir wcliMimi- wiih conlial anil Hyiii|iiillii't,i('. 
 
 " IJiifortiiiialoly, iifler Hum liisl, IhiihI. of joy, lliey liail lo Hiillrr a j^irat liravim:Hn 
 of hcarl.. 'I'lioy had i^hrriHlii'il Ihr liopi' thai, away on thi' oLlirr Hiilc of tint liay of 
 Kiimly, al Hiifiimi'joiir, I'lcaiiliaHHin, (iiiincl I'ri', I'ort. Iloyal, lliey vvoiilil linil onii! 
 iiiiiro thitir laniJH ami iMirhapH tlHtir hoiiHUH, l.hal. Ihiiy iiiiKlit ln' allowinl lo Hettli; on 
 I III- fartiiH that, were not. yi'l. o('cii|iir.il ; Inil, llii\y noon ri'ali/.iMJ l.lial. all lliis wuh 
 I. <lri!ain ; rvcrylhin^ liail limn iiIIoIIimI lo lliiiir piMHrruloiH or In ni'w I'oloniHi.H. 
 Tlin j{r<iat anil painful joiiriK^y l.lioy hail jimt. mailn whh now iimi-Iuhh ; tlmy hail no 
 \imifrr iMt.hri- liomi- or niiinlty ! ThrHi! iliHi'oiini;{itig liilin^H ovi'i'whiilmril miohI of 
 I liimi ; lhi\y wort! iilt-iirly worn out, iiiid, wilhoiil Hi'i'kin^; to advaiiei!, Ihry nmiaiiii'd 
 on I he very Hpot to which I'roviilenee had leil I hem. 
 
 " However, a eertaili niiiiilier of them eoiild not lielieM' that all waH loHt and lliiil 
 I hey well! liopel<i.MHly il(!Hfioileii of thime rieli IniiclM, formerly wrciHted from the Nea 
 liy the laliorioiiH Hkill of I heir I'orefallierM. I''ifly or Hixly faiiiilieH, men, women and 
 iliililren, oni:e more net out; they roiimled I he iniiermoHt Hliore of the old Kaiis 
 l''raiii,'aiHe, wliieh had lieeonie l''undy Hay ; I hey viHited in tiini KoaiiliaHHin, I'i/.iipiit 
 and (iiaiid I'ri'' ; lint lleaii.'^i''{oiir wiih now eiilled (/'iimlierliind ; IteaiiliaHNin, 
 Ainhei'Ht ; (Jolieiinid had taken the name of 'rriiro ; l'i/ii|uil that of U'indHor, and 
 (iraiid I're wiiH namiid llortiin. KveiytliiiiK wiih ehaii^^ed ! l'!n>{liHli iiameH, I'ln^lisli 
 villaj^eH, l')n|{liHli inlialiitaiilH, wherever I hey appeared I hey looked like ghoHlH eome 
 liiiek from a piiHl ii|{e ; noliody had llioii;{hl of I hem for a \<»\n linie. 
 
 "Till! eliildren were frij^hleiied ill I hem, the women and the men were niinoyed 
 iiH liy a threatening .speelre from I he unive, everyliody was an^;ry with Ihein, and 
 till! poor wretehcH drained IheniHelve.s from villajM' lo villiiKe, wnrried iind worn out 
 liy fatif^iie, hunger and eohl, and ii. deHpair that ^rew al every halting plaie ; I he lant 
 waH I'ort Koyiil |AnnapoliH|, where I he Hiime irritation on the one hand and the 
 Haini! diHiippoinl Mieiit on the other were repealed. 
 
 " Yet, what wiiH to III) done with thin earavan of poor people in raj^H, weary unto 
 dentil, eriiMhed liy want and Kiief ? The oMieerH of the garriHon adopted tlii! plan of 
 eondiieting them a little furl her .'4oiilli, on St. Miiiv'h Hay, the iinoreiipied HlioreH of 
 whii'h were lined with viimI fori'HtN, The wretelied AeiidiaiiH, driven lo e.^haiiiitioii 
 
144 lirSTOKV (IK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 anil i]iw|)air liy ku iiiiiny iiiiHfoi'liiiii^H, nut kii(iwin){ wliitlici' Iri ^ro, iillnwi^il tJiciii 
 Krivi's III lii^ It'll, iinil Kii I'Milril liy hI i'iiimImi^ nn IIiIh iIi'hi'iI Hlii°irr, wlii'ii' IiimiIh wrrit 
 l^riiuii;i\ to t.hi'in nn Di'iicrnlicr •JUnl, I7II7. 'I'him, williitilt cniinl in^ llii; liiii;{ )niiii|m 
 liicy liail tn iMiiliM'lakr to ini'cl In^i'tlicr in KiiKtnii, llii'y liail Iravcrm'il on Tiint a 
 ilJHlani'i' III' aliiiiit ii IIiiiuhmiiiI inili'H licfiiri' ii-ai'liin^ tlin I'tiil nf iJii'ir jiiurriry. 
 
 " Till' iiiiisl riiirl iiiiHWH (III nut iilwavh vvlinlly iimhIi liiinian rnri)^y», llirraliii 
 aftrr t lir liMii|ii^Ht , t lir laiiiti'Ht, ^;lirniniT nf liii|ii' ifvivinj.;, allow iini ihhimI H|iirilH to 
 (ilinK oniT iiinii' lo lifi-. to iinnnir work anil niaki' a IithIi wlart. I'liiirr |iri'Hmnr of 
 nci'i'KHity llii'Hi' iniioi'l nniitr onlraMtK hiIhi'iI log IihIh ; tlioy took to liHliJng ami 
 lliint IDH ; t lii'V lirj^an to rliai t lir laml, ami soon out of t lir Irllril I \-i:i-h Monir liiii^'lily 
 liuilt. liiiilHrH well' jiiit np. jSiK'li waK t lir ori^'in of t hi' lolony that now rovi'iKall 
 till; WTHti'iii |ioiliiin of tlir |ii'ninHiila. | 
 
 "DniiiiK iiiany Hiilmi'ijiii'nt yi'iiiH llii'ir wi'It iniiiirioiiH niij^iiil lonH. AiailiuiiH 
 iinivi'il from Kianir, fiotii tin- W'i'Ht Inilii'H, fimii J^oniHiana, ('aniula, ami lint 
 lliiiti'il Stat.(!H, K"i'>K f'olii onr Hrltli'iiii'nl In anotliiM' in hi'Iiii'Ii of a fat.lii'i', a 
 iMot.liiT, a lil'iitlii'l', a I'l^lativc wIioki' wlii'ii'alioiit h tliry liinl n.it yrt, fnuriil. Often 
 iliat li hail riainiril t III' lon){ hoii^^IiI iim> ; Honii'l itm'H, on t hi' ol lin hami, lir I hat wiih 
 Hn|i|ioMi'il to 111' ilrail, wa.M iini'.\|iriti'illy diHim rinl. Slowly tlir Hrattrlril iiiriiiliriK 
 of onr family Hmirrilnl, not inff i'i|iii'nt ly, in all nrltin^; lo^^rt lirr onir moir. 'I hose^ 
 who wrir in lirl trr rjl'i iiliiHlancrH rollrrlril tlirii |iooi'ri' lii'rlhirn aioiiml t.lirin : tin; 
 lirrravi'MiintH of llir past wrir >.'iailually miftrni'il liy new t iri,, and hnally rarh i^lolip 
 took on t hr aHpri't of a iliHtiml ami hoino^rnroiiH loiiiriinnit v ' 
 
 AITKNDIX TO (JllAITKIJ IX. 
 
 Amony tli(! sHt,t,l('riiiiiit.K laid wastt^ wt-rf two floiiriNliiii;^ viila^^cH Hcpai 
 alfil t'limi racli (itlx-f liy l.lm niondy ( Jrcwik htook, Holiiclicaiivilir on llif. 
 fiiHt, and St. Andfi- ICnianncl on (lii^ v/rni. side, niiincH row no lonf^cc 
 siii\ivin^ in tlioHi- lofalilifH. 
 
CIIArTKK X. 
 
 TIIK TOWNSHIP OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 1755-1775. 
 
 Ui;H<:i'i|ili<iii of (lie tiiwiiHlii|i Kviirm' joiirrmi - I'liHKf^iigf.rH hy tlm ('hariniwj Molly 
 — (-'iiiHiiHof l7<ISiiii(l 1770 Stiilii.f l,(.wnHlii|iin I7«.'t Social iiHpiic.tH, 1770 80 
 — A|)|)rri<lix NiiiiK!H <,f j{nnit,i;cH in uriirit of I7'''»)'. 
 
 ''I ''II IS lowiiHliip \H tJif! olddst, in (Im t!oinit,y, atid »!nil»rao«!H within \Ih 
 X lii)ijn<latii'.s (>v(M- unit Inindri!*! ilionsiind lu^rrs, Ixtin^ IxiuikIimI on 
 tln! north by tint AnnapoliH Kivor ; on tlm ouHt hy a lin<! corntnfn<;ing at 
 a point ono mil'; to tin; itaHtwanl from tin; Nictaii lliv«r, an<l th<!n(;(* 
 running south 10 ' <!aHt (nia^tuttio) Hovon niilcm ; th(tnctt Mouth 72" wimt 
 to th); itaHtiu-n Itounds of tint towriHlii]) of OIcinitntH, and thonctt northwiird 
 l>y tin; course of tli(>. Haid liounds to tlit; AnnapoliH Uivor. It consists 
 of two nitarly patallci distrittts, of tjuitr nniMjual dinxtnsions, diU'oriti); 
 from each otlutr in <{(;olo^i(;al ch/iracUtr, tpiality of soil and g(>n*;ral 
 asp(!(!ts, That, flivision which lifts l)(!t.w«tcn tli(! river houndary on tint 
 north, and tli<! heights of the South Mountains on the south, and which 
 extends throu;{hout its whole len^tJi in a diretttion nearly east and w<tst, 
 contains muttli ri(th nuirsli, meadow and uplands, adrnirahly ada|)ted to 
 the j^rowth of hay, root and fruit <!rops, all of which ar<t successfully 
 and Iar>,;ely cultivaUtd. Tint soils ni this distr-ict are very various, 
 consisting of clays, loams, ^rity and ritd sands and alluvia, (tach 
 posHOSsinj^ its pe<:uliar <tx(te|lence, and are es[>e(!iaily suit.(td to tlm 
 growth of particular produ(tt:ions. The ap|)<taran<te of this port.ion of 
 th(t t/ownship in •iune and S(;pt(!ml»er is very Ix-autiful. In the former 
 month the ttxtensive orchards are all ahla/.e with hlossoms of (!V(>ry liuH 
 and fragrance, and in the latter the ripening fruit/ delights tlut eye with 
 a scene whicli cannot. Ixt easily etpialled in (rolour* or ahtindance. The 
 (thi<;f highway, through its whole Ntngth from Torhrook to Ohtments, 
 pass(ts through an almost, continuous succession of a[>ple orchards. 
 Ijong Ixtforo tho Nttw Kngland iunnigrants t<K)k possession of these lands, 
 their I'^retHth predecessors had sett, them an ttxample in orch/iriling, which, 
 happily foi' uh, they wvrv not slow to follow ; the results of which h/i\e 
 10 
 
146 IIIHTOIIV (»l' ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 now ciiltiiiniit.rd ill a pnxliicljini iiii(lrcatii<-i| of liy our iiiicitsl.ors, mid 
 liavif Immmiiiii^ an itli'iiifiil/ iil' wcallJi not In lit; ovi'rcNliiiial.cil, and wliidi is 
 annually lii-<'iiiiiiii^ iiioi'<> dcvrl(i|i(Ml and valualil<\ 
 
 TIk! otJicr HctMion of tliiH townHlii|i tJiat lyiii^^ hoiiI.Ii -if iJii- moiiiil.aiii 
 raii^o aliov<> naiiHtd -is, j^<MiiTally ,s|>i'akiiif,', a level Irael, of (•oimtry and 
 lai'f^ely (Covered with forivs(. 1 1, einliraees, liowever, several line sel,l,le- 
 iiieiils williiii its liiiiil.H, anions wliieli may lie named t.liose trailed liiike 
 La |{(>H(^ lii;{lisville, Hoxliiiry, MoiHe Koad, l>l(iomiii;;loii, ei.r. 1 1, in 
 ^^enerally well watered ; Kh eliief MireiuiiH lieiiij^ (.lie Ijeijiiille |{i\(>r, ill 
 l.lio west., and I. lie Nictaii ii: its eaHterii |iart, l.lie liiMtorieal |{|<iody 
 Oreik st.ream, near liiid^elown, and l.lie I'aradise Kiver, witJi liiindreds 
 of Hiiialler Ntreamn fonuii^ t.lieir way t.liroii^li de|iresHii>iis in tlie raii<re of 
 liillH referred t,o, Ut the valley wliieli in drained Ity l.lieir greater lirotliiM' 
 llio 'I'ay woapsk of the Mii^inai; the Annapolis Iliver, wliicdi riieeiveH their 
 wateiH an<l hurries them int.o the wide Allaiit.i(! t.hroii;^h the l!ay of 
 i'^utidy. 'I'lie minor Htreaiim, and the lakes wliieli tJiey form in their 
 eoiirse, are alxiiidaiilly st.o(;ked wit.h trout., and white and red pereh, and 
 Home of them afl'ord excellent s|iawnin<{ irroiind for the salmon, which 
 <M>iitiiiue to visit them, tJioii;{li in largely diminished numliers. 
 
 There am valualile de|iosit.s of iron ores at. Nic^taii,* which have at 
 ilifl'erent times Ween worked and aliaiidoned. These mini's are a<{aiii 
 made the tJieatre of fresh operations iindiM' t.lie pro|irii!t.orMhip of a 
 woulthy com|>any, whose ell'orts, with the present railway facilities, ar« 
 rmjotin)^ with the sucoohh tliey so well deserve. This portion of t,ho 
 county, like all other |iort.ioiis of it, is piHiplitd with a tlirift.y, industrious, 
 solier, moral anil r(^li;{ious population, who, from year to yiwir <'oiitinue t/O 
 ad(i t.o the material value of t.hitir farms, aiiiJ to push forward tJie 
 development of the natural resoiircits which surround them. The staple 
 |irodui;tioiis are of an agricultural, pomolof^iiNil and hortiiMilt.iiral charai-ter, 
 t.liou^h lirii^kmakiti;^, shipliiiildin^ and milliner liave liei^n liy no means 
 ne^lect.ed. The horticultural and pomolo^^ical exports are only exceeded 
 liy those of a strictly agricultural nature ; and the value of the former is 
 prolialily ;rreater than that of any otiier towiislii|i in the couiil,y. ItH 
 itihalMt,ant.s ar<^ ;.;eiierally in easy ciniuinHt.ainies, lieiii^ free from delit 
 and its consecpient emliarrassment.s, and alile to produce aliiiost all the 
 reipiisites for comfort.alile liviri/^ on i'' ir own lands. 
 
 The former part, of this work has been devoted t,o tiie hist.firy of tliis 
 iiH well as other partes of thi^ (Miuiiiy, from the foundation of I'ort lloyal 
 ill itiD'i to the fon-ilile expulsion of the l<'reiicli ii.!ialiitaiitH in 17^5 ; and 
 it/ now liecoiiMis necessary to relate the facts v>'hioli (ill up t.lie interval 
 between the latter date and 17^)0, the time of the arrival of the settlerH 
 from the conti iitul coloni«H in the good sohuonur (Jhiirtnimj Molly. 
 
 *Ni<!lmi, Nictiilik, ii Miinimr Miiiim iiiciiniii^ " Tlio KorkH." 
 
lirsTOKV dl' ANNAI'OLIS. 147 
 
 • 
 
 Tlion- is no), iihk'Ii ut' inUucHt to icwtrd iliiriMf{ tlmsn four yraiH. 'I'lm 
 vji(;iil,(>il l''i'(Mii:li IiiikIm iMitil.itiU)!il to uwail l.li*t prnHtiiicit of now ixroiipitTH, 
 and to n!iiiain iiiu^iillivaltMl Immwuimi^ iin<i(:<Mi|iir(l. TIk! old town no 
 lon(,'rr l.lic capital— hMII conliniKMl to lio Mm- dw<illin>^ plafic of Hf^vnral 
 |iro|ilti wlioHc nanios an; intinialoly (mmiiiccIiuI witJi tlio HiiWjoct. of (JiJH 
 narrativo. Anion)^ (.Iiishc wr (;annot omit, to notic;*^ that, of KraHniiiH 
 .lain<'M I'liilliji.H, of tlic 'lOtJi n-j^inicnt, wlio wa.s <;oriirniHHary of t.lm j^arri.son 
 • liiriii;; t.liis pi-riod, and wlm wrh aft.crvvanis one of t.ln' lirHt. I, wo nitMnliMi-H 
 for tlif rount.y iilioMrn t.o irprcscnt. t.lic p(M)|ilit in tint AH.scrnlily ; nor t.lia(< 
 of KriHij^n WolHolcy, who was Hl.oir kft^ptu- in ITT)!, and wliosn Hon Hoino 
 (w(Mily years hit,cr married Mar;^arel, tlie fourt.li dau^^hl.nr of .losepli 
 \\ inniel.l, the head of the firm of VVinniel.t. <V Dyson, the h>adin^ 
 nierehant.s of the phiee. 'I'he Itev. Thomas Wood,* a Seot.(rh (^ent.hmian, 
 waM the ehaphiin of t.he ^ariTson and ('hiirfOi of lOn^land missionary. 
 Thomas llandfield was connriandant, of the garrison ; (yowhiy was ehief 
 of l.h<' lOnj^ineer I >epart.menl. (iheil I To.'l). !le was siieeeedefl hy Mr. 
 lioutein ; an<l Thomas Williams, William lliis.sey and Itenjamin KiiniHeyt 
 were in t.he sami' depai'trnenl. of the HiM'vice. 'I'he (h^seendanl.s of tho 
 lal.ter f^ent.leman who was "(!|erl< of the ('lie(pni " are ipiit.e ninnerouH 
 in the county. Dyson, the merchant, and pail.ner of Winniet.t., was 
 proliahly his hrot.her in law, as Winniet.t.'s wife was Mary Dyson. On 
 the :>rd of .March, 1755, Dyson is charj,'ed with "having treated Mrs. 
 I'ldward How and her family with e.\ I raordinaiy cruelty and violence"; 
 and (lovernor liawr<'n(;e retpiired llandti(-ld (as civil maj^ist.ral.e) t,<» 
 inveslij^at.e t.he charge. In the sanu? letter Lawrence ri^hukes Winniott 
 jind Dyson for " reipieslinf^ permiHsion to trade in ;(rain." 
 
 On the .'JOth of the same month, in t.lm same year, Mr. ('ottfirel, th« 
 S('(!retary of thi' l'rovin(!e, writes Mcissrs. Winniett A- Dyson in th»!H« 
 terms ; 
 
 "Skckktakv'h OH'iei;, ."totli .Miinli, 17r»r>. 
 
 "(iKNTI.KMKN, I iickniiwliMl;,'t!tlii>n'ciM|>l (ifyiiur Letter eiicioHiiij^ iiiiitumiriilKluili 
 lor llic (ioviirniiii^iit wliirh Mr. Wiimiutt dcsirnM may Im laid litifiire tlin Council. 
 Tho (iovtiriior lias llic more rciuiiiy il<it(iruiiu(!il t-o do ho aw it Ih an atl'air of 
 im|torlaiii'() ; as soon mh Miiytliiuf,' is determined tlii'icon you may <lep(!iid on luiarin^' 
 from, 
 
 " (ii'titlcmcM, your oliciliitnt servant, 
 
 "(Signed), VVll.l.lAM CltTlKHV.l.. 
 
 " I'.H. —You may have a permit for pease upon ISond to lay tluiUi into tlie King's 
 Stolid at AiuiapolJH." 
 
 AnioriK tli« very few civilians wiio at this t.imt! lived at Annapolis waH 
 John KasHon, or lOaston — tho latter is the name jjiven in tho papers 
 
 * S«() CmiMUH of 177t>, p. ITir.. 
 
 I Menjiiniin, (Jharles i .id .losepli l<.uniHi!y, of Orimville, are IiIh ({ranilMUiiH. 
 
14H IIIHTOIIY OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 • 
 r«ila('iii){ U> liiin a youiiK Scutchiiiaii, wIioho ihtHirorulaiitH yot rniniiiti witli 
 
 iiH ill ci*ii.si<l<tralil)' iiiiiiilx^rH, atul hoiim* of tluMii yot. own and o<;<ni|iy 
 [Htt'tionH of t.lio r)20 a<;n's of land ^tanUMi (>o liiin in \7M. Jolin llaiiiN, 
 KHi|uit'(%* aftfi'wanlN a incinilxM' for (lio county, waH also a ri'sidtMil of 
 y\nna|>oliH at< tliis t.ini<% and liis di'Mccndanl.H liavt^ l><i(;oni<> vrry nunifU'iMiH 
 in (Jitt (Mtiinty and ant highly n\s|)(>(!t.rd. 
 
 In coiiHtMiuoncit of tho proctlanial.ion of (iovt^inoi' liawrcn(;t!, Mr. Ilrtiry 
 KvanH, of IMaHHacliUHcttH, was d(!H|»atcho(I to Halifax to unk for further 
 information as to the (.(trniN on whi(;h grants of townships ctuild he 
 ohtained, and to n^port to tJiose who sent, him as their agent in iIuh 
 Inthalf. In the iierformant^e of this trust., Mr. ICvans kept a diary or 
 journal of his pro<;eedings, whi(Oi has lH>en preserved hy his descu^ndants, 
 and whieh will now he given to the pulilie for tho iirHt time, as [ 
 was kindly ptMinitted hy its late possessor, Mr. 11. •!. Karris, to take a 
 verhatim <;opy. Mr. lOvanst lived in or near Hudhury, Mass., and seven 
 teen yc^ars afterwards was elected a representative of the county. The 
 ntanuscript. lias heen kept in excellent. presiM'vation, and, among other 
 things, furnishes us wit.h the names and numher of the families which 
 first arrived to ii^set.tle this township, and many other particulars 
 concerning them, and is as follows : 
 
 KVANS' .loHUNAI,. 
 
 A|»ril I l'r<-|iar(Miig tiino to lliilifiix lo wiiil<M,n his l<)x<'<OI<!n<\v xovtirnor Lawi-ri'iice 
 Mini tlic < Niiuii'il, IIH {{i-iiiK ii|i<)intnl A^ciit. fur tlie t<>wMHlii|) of Aiinii|)iiliH 
 Itoyiil, wiiH (ci (like I'liHHiigt? in ii HrlHiniier (('ii|>t.. WattH). 
 
 2 (icU.iiig my TliingH, Him! fn: on Itoard. 
 
 .'I Itriiig fiiNl. Day wiis to Kit at tlio vchhcII iil oiir o'clock wliicli nmih Iti'tori- 
 lljgli wilier. Ai'i'iircliiigly wmh iiI. tlit; I'liici!. Kill thr vi-khcI gone iiliiioHt 
 to < liiHtell HO inn Left. 
 
 4 'I'lic wind r.ntw to tlio N. KiiMt, wont to Miii'IiIhIiuikI, Thinking to liiive 
 HctMi WiittH llicro Hiitr not (imling liini yr and the wind now iit K. Went I 
 (like l'<iHHiig(^ in a fiHiiiiig Hcliooner of iilioiit tliirty 'I'oiih, Koiind to |{iink 
 Qiiereiiii, (lie Seiper I'roiniHing to I'litt (!ii|itii. Uiirtietl hikI MyHelf into 
 MerligitHt or Ifahfax if we will pay liini fifteen doIIiiiH and four (iiilln. 
 Kiiin, wliieji iiinoiinlH to It) DoIIarN KesideM all our StoreH for ouiHelve!; of 
 all SoitH. 
 
 ti SailiMl from Marldelieud at 12 o'clock wind Fair next niorniiig wind 
 Invaded, Nnowetl and MIew Very liard .iiid Cold. I liaveing no Hi-ii |{|it 
 , tile liHJiiM'nieirH See (!loeH to Ly on and no lire in the (,'aliin, wiim Hiidly oil' 
 inde(Ml. Kent to windward till April lOtli, the wind ('iinie fail' iind Klew 
 iiM alnioHt nndiM' water -the VeHHt^il all the time full of water on the Deck. 
 II at. live o'clock in the evening (iot to MerligaHh, the wind too hard, coold 
 not I'roc "d and we went on hIioi'i^ aii'< came on Hoard again in order to 
 ■Sail noM inorneing April l'2th. 
 
 Set! MKnnoii'H of Mr. Ifarrin in another place. 
 I Hco memoirH of Mr. Kvann in unothur pltvco. 
 
IIISTOKV OK ANNAI'OMH. 149 
 
 Apiil I'J lint llin MuHtur not willing to (liiry iih any Kurtliur Mayii>K it niiKlit hiiiilui 
 liiH Voi^)' wii wiinl on Itoiinl a .Small Mloo|i of Mr. ('nMilcH U> takit I'aHHnK*' 
 for Halifax, anil (io(|, into aHniall llarhoiir (liiH nif^lit, tint Sloop l(<>inK no) 
 tit til lilt at S)<i>, Iti'iii^ ili'ii|i loailril ami a I'oor Tiling inilititil it wuh, anil 
 alHiiit twelve I'aMMonKi'i'M of Dutrli I'tioplr. 
 
 i:i Koiri^ Saliliith wiMit on .Slioir tin- wiml lii^li ami vmy (7olil (iott Hoinc 
 HhIi anil niaili- a jlinor on Sliorit with Hoinit tiHhiiiiniin who wan< Drivitn into 
 Kctrli liai'liour an wi- wair. Aliont .'< P.M., Nail ami Uownl out of hiI. 
 liarlioni', anil (iott to Mraj^ni'H Ki-arli anil wont on lloaril a Small .SrliiHiniM' 
 itolonf{inK to tint ninii that ('aniit with niu from Matlilohituil, am! wiinl to 
 Halifax in h<tr, ami (loti to* tliiN rii^ht, ami loil){i)il on ISoaril thiH ni^ht. 
 
 I.'i a Viii'v Kail Nlorni ami I mtarcly not alilr to walk. I>iil not ^o out tluH 
 Day. 
 
 10 wail I'll on thr (toviti'tior ami wiiH llri')>ivi!il kimlly. .Shttwin^ llin I'otition 
 anil axkin); Soinr inori- favoiiiH numt of whirli I (iotl ^{I'antril. 
 
 17 Ohtainitil Ih*- onlcr for two vi'hhcIIh ami othitr 'riiingn all whirli tin- 
 (lovornor, Mr. MorriH anil niyHi'lf miinitoil J)own tint hitailH and Mr. 
 MorriH went with nut to tho Snriitiiry to Draw in form what thoy ('oiilil 
 ^rant, I riii|iu<Hting it in writing for thr SntiHfation of niy ('onHliliientn. — 
 DrilrrH Ar. 
 
 IH WaH ItiiMiiy Inga^itil In ^ottin^ my unMwttrH iV orilorH ()o|)|Mty'il Ity thx 
 JSitnttary ami ( 'lark. 
 
 Ill Kaiimil — I wrote a li'ttitr to AntiapoliH ami tolil thitm Hoinit of tlm I'ro 
 priittom woulil Ix; tliitiit in a month. Waitvil on tlir Sitrotary for my 
 I'apiM'H anil on tho (iovcrmir to Hi^n them, 
 
 2() Snnilay I'l'iiparrinj^ for honm. (loolil not ){<> to Mi'cling. 'riion^ht to ^o 
 in C'olili. ISnt hr not (iniuff to lioHlon Direetly, Thiin^ht to ^ittt a l'aHHiif{i> 
 Sooner in (!aptn. Hinekley, I went on Boanl, foumi he waH Keaily to Sail, 
 all liut a I'aHH. 
 
 'Jt\ tiott all tliinf{H on Moaril (iott my I'aHH anil all my I'aperH Koaily for 
 Sailing, Itiit a Storm Came on -.Staiil till Daylight. 
 
 22 at \.m\\l Saileil ami the men of war LikuwiHe out of the harhour they for 
 houiHltnr^ ami we for Itimton. 
 
 llor« the journal is i.iterrupt(;(l hy tlie iiiHortion of the, followiiiff : 
 
 " Aci't ok I'oKTM, llAKIIOtIll.S ANI> (/'aPKH KKOM HaI.IKAX Til TIIK, 
 Uav (IK KlrNllV." 
 
 Jehueto Hoail. ('ape I^ellavu. Kant I'aNHaKe. 
 
 .Samliro do Port Medway, (lape Sahle. 
 
 Keteli liarbour. Port Saviour. Went PaHHajje. 
 
 Samliro do Port Mutloon. I'opnieo, 
 
 Pearints do Port Lvliair. Sha){ llai'bour. 
 
 Primpeet do Poi't Jiilley. fSilc iHlamlH. 
 
 MargarotH May. (Jreen's Harhour. TuHkott'H do 
 
 AHlnneto^ett Hill. Port liimeway, 'l'ihi)U){e. 
 
 Mehoun Hay. (-'ape Neanro. (Jape Korohu. 
 
 MeriigaHh or Port I^atore or f'O'^K iHlamlH Head. 
 
 Lunenliurg 'I'own. Itaeero Point. Hay of Kundy. 
 
 * Name here not lugihlu in tho MS., prolialily llalifitx. | Soul. 
 
loO IIIHTOKV OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 April '22 r> ii'rlock p.iii. Ilir wiihIh I'liiiiiiif; wful hikI lllrw hh haul lliat Cii|itiiiii 
 IhiiiiKlit. Iti'Hl, with ikilvicf iif I'liNArn^c^i'H (thric lifiii^ tivo of iih uml iiiimt 
 wkII iii'i|iiiiiiili'il wil li I liii Sh(iri-) In |miI iiiln hi'llavi' uml liid ho ; t liiH nij^'hl 
 wiiiil W'(<Ht hikI IiI(!W hiti'il mill next lliiy l.uy in tint Miiiitiiiii' iiiiil ii vriv 
 ^iioil iiik; witnt' (III Mliorit, (iolt iiiiiri' KiUlicx anil 'I'lavilliMl on Slini'i' nnmt 
 iif thv hay lint l<ilii!il iiiiliiin^, 
 
 24 Sailt;il fi'iiin Lrllavii Ky l)ay Light, a). 4 n'llork (t.ni. tlxt uiml hraili'il. 
 anil (/'iHilil mil, ISriit In ailvaiilago I'uM. into Mnliinn llHiliiiiir uliirli in 
 gooil iinti. 
 
 25 at fill I r o'l'lni'k iiiiii'iiin^ wi'lgjiril nnil (.'iinii- (■• Nail. '1 lii' witnl lali I ill 
 cli'vi'ii o'l'liirk fiiiTiionn. Spoki- with (/'iiptn, Climliri in a Si'liiiniii'i' fur 
 Halifax nil' agaiiiHl ( !apr Ncagrn, lint no nrWN. 'I'll)- winil {h ahi'iiil ; Innk 
 many larkH, Kiit at night hIiioiI nfl' from thi; Nhori'. 
 
 2U 12 n'rinitk Saw a SrhnoniM' to tin: Lttitwaril anil altlioMgh to winilwiinl nil' 
 agiiitiHt Nilr iHlunilH, wiml Noiith, iliil nnl Spi'iik with I hum. 
 
 27 MohI of tluH Day Calm. Shifting wIihIm — night Thnnilitr anil Liglilniiig 
 anil Hiinid rain. 
 
 2N Nmall lin-amt llail a (ioml nlmorvation - liitti*! piiHl 12 Saw ( 'api' (<'nil iil 
 S. wKHt winil alicail nr Calm tlir aftornonn ami night- (ioti liy nioining 
 oir('a|N! ('oil. 
 .'10 in tlin mnrning oil' agaiiiHt Moiiiniont at 7 o'llork, tint itntran-c nl 
 I'lymoiith harliniir. 12 nlF agaiiiHt MaiHliliitlil anil Culm. Ti |i in. winil 
 Sprnng up ami Canid tn tint Liltt-lioiiMit, Ity Sun l>own ; anil at ID run oik 
 tint KiMtkH of CaHtiill, liiitt (iott oil'. 
 May 1 at nmt n'rinrk in tint niorning Oott to KoHtnii, Ihii Itoati! Itringing ini' "ik 
 Shori! tiiiiliiig thr family wttll, kc 
 2 Wiint to Siiill»iiry. 
 
 r> Chartitritil tlitt Hclioonnr ('harmiiii/ Mtilh/, (Captain Crow. 
 (I wi'iit to Kramingliam iiiiHiting of I'roprintoiH. 
 15 till! VitHMcl Kitaily to Sail, Hiit waitH for a winil. 
 
 2.'t in tint moi'iiiiig tin; wiml fair ami tint ViiHHitll Hailoil for AiinapoliH Koyul. 
 2(1 at night a Hail Mtonii on Shunt Himtoii, 
 Jllllt! 5 ('apt. Crow rittiirnitil tn linHtnn. 
 10 Saihtil again fnr AnnapoliH. 
 25 nrriv<!il at AnnapoliH Knyall. 
 
 28 ('aptn. Crow Haili'il Mark fnr Itimton. 
 
 •July hail a imtittiiig nf tint i'rnpriotorH* Kntitritil on tint I'lililii: Sitrvint ISfiiig 
 (/'hiiHcn nmt nf tin- Coiiiinittuu for Laying out (.iiiiiiIh, ami town Coniiiiiltitf 
 A TritaHiiiitr of tint Town. 
 Aug. 27 KiniHlntil Laying out LnttH fnr tin; lii'Ht Sitttloi'H, 
 Ont. H lt(tgan tn Lay nut [..ntlH fnr Hiti:oinl SittthiiH. 
 Nov. I at Night iiuulit an Kinl at I'ritmtiit, 
 14 Kitgan my hoiimt. 
 IH a (<rat<t Snow itaiiiit on. 
 28 a Shi|i Caiini in with Kcliitf for tint Ctiri. ((JairiHon — W. A.C, ) 
 
 Ihcn follows "A lAnt of NainnH of 1' ^lingoPH for aniiapoiiH Koyall <»ii 
 Board tho Charmintj Molly, May 17tli, 1700." 
 
 Jonathan 'I'liayitr. Nathaniitl KawHoii. •lonatlian Cliiintli. 
 
 (•iilcon Allio. Sainiiul t'crkinH. Hcnjamiii MaHon. 
 
 * y\t AniiapnliK'f 
 
IIISTOIIY «>K ANNAroi,IS. 161 
 
 "Iwuic Koiit. *KIm'iii'/.«!i Ktili'li. *Mi<!hiuil S|iurT ft wifii 
 Sli'liliiri Kirn, TlioriiiiH Daiiiiiii, 3 noiih iirid .'< iliiiiKlilcrH. 
 
 hiiiiii'l Siiiiiiu!!'. iliiliii l>atri<iM. iliiliii VV'iriHlow. 
 
 >liiH<'|ili Mi'ihIiiiII. KiIiiiuiiiI IliiiiHiii. '.Iiiliii Wliilniiiri. 
 
 "riKitiiiiN ||ii()|ii'r' Williiini ('iirliH ^ witV. Micliiirl I.iiw. 
 
 wifr, HiiiiH A, ,'{ <liill){lilii|'N. hiiliii'l MiMiii', .liiliri lliiriili. 
 
 VVilliiiMi VVilliiiiriH. 'Siuniinl Kttiit. 'niiiiii'l l''i'lrli, 
 
 .Inliii Mill. 'Ilriali (;iiu'k. Mtiwijiii Kii:i!. 
 
 "AliiiiT MdiHf. 'Saiiiiicl MofMO. •Ildriah Kirc. 
 
 In nil forty iivx houIh. To t.liis " liJHt " Ih a|i|i(ttMl<Ml tin! following 
 iiitt^ntHtiii^ Ht.iit.i^iiKtnt .showing tlie niiinlnfr uiid ilcH(;i'i[)t.ioii of iJio <;ii(,|.|<- 
 wliicli wciT )ii'oti;{lit, ill I.Ik^ (Jhartuiuf/ Mollif wil.li tliti idiiiich of tJioHd to 
 whom llicy Imloiif^fd : 
 
 Oxfii. (,'c)WM. lliirMrH. Hlircp. Hwliii'. 
 
 ■ Iiiiinl liaii 'I'liayri' 2 
 
 (iiiliM.ri Allif 2 
 
 •llwKi.: Kent 2 I 
 
 •Micliai'l S|»mT 'I I 
 
 Jfiliii VViimlow '2 
 
 *l)iMii'<iii (.liilin) VVIiitiiian . '2 .. 10 I Hiiiiw I'iKK with |>iKK^> 
 
 4 calvt'H anil II IhiiiIih. 
 
 Daniel Miiiii'i!, jiiii '2 I 
 
 Dnnii'l Smiincr . '2 I 
 
 "U.^iiah Kir., 2 '2 
 
 'Al r Mi.im, 2 '2 ICI.vrH... 
 
 _. <'l'l) .- _ 
 
 ToUl Ill II 2 10 I II laiiiliK, 7 Hiimll catllt!. 
 
 Ill ailiiiliitii Id llirHr wi, add, "oiii' dii^, hIoi-ch, idit^HtH, caHkM, and iiUwitialH Klirll 
 HHi'aitH, wliraJH, |d(iwn, rtc." 
 
 Tlu- followiii}^ iniiiiior/itiduiii cojiiiHl from tliiw MM. hhimiih I.<i )^iv«! Hoino 
 <if till! rmiiH'H of tlioHii Hcit.l-lcM'H who arriviwi Hoiiiowhat lut«!r in the. Huinnidr 
 of 1 760 : 
 
 Oxi'ii. I'nwH, llorHi'H. Hhv«|i. 
 
 ( -'iiptaiii I'hiimaH Loviat 2 2 1 20 
 
 OlMMJiah Wlieiilock Scuttle. 
 
 Aiiroii llaniy . . . . . . 5 ciittlu. 
 
 .Mf)K(!H 'I liaycr . . 1 
 
 •liiH<i|ili l)aiiiidH 2 
 
 Hi^ii jariiii Katun H . . 1 . . I cult. 
 
 'I'lioii. H .Stnitli I 
 
 •IoIms (IiiHliiiiK I 1 
 
 Klii'iit'/.cr I'riry 2 
 
 .loliii HakiT I iSliu('.|iiUulHuwt, hay 
 
 Wiiiiioii ili-niiiMon 2 . I 20 
 
 I'miiI naHtdtiiii) 2 I I 
 
 William MowIi'h 2 I 1 
 
 In a(l(liti<in to th^^s(! iiainiiH an* in(!ntioii<t(l tluwo of ('apt. (Jaten and 
 Mr. (iravi-H, in an account of (ixpciiHiiH incurntd in tint huilding of a lioat 
 at Aniiajiolis prolialily a fciiy-lioat j. -tliiH Hununor (I7(i0). 
 
 •ThoHc miirkud tlnm hiivo poHturity Btill living in tho roiinty. 
 
 I MiH d(mi!«)iidantH still ()i:<Mi|iy and own tlii! lot tlitnr iiiK^cMtdi'H Ruttliid on, 
 
 t iSaiiriiiil llaii'iH wiih tlii! naiiiit of Uiti lii'Ht " fitrryniaii " at AnnapoliH. 
 
lr)2 
 
 IIIS'KlKY OK ANNAl'OLIS. 
 
 Tlio fort'^oiii^ ^iv<>H nil tlit^ iiiiitorial faotH in thn journiil of Mr, Kvans. 
 Fii tluH and tin* following,' y«ar the lands of this townnhip wero divided 
 int(» lots for tho new settlers hy u c-omniittuo, of which Mr KvanH was an 
 active and directive nxMnlHir. Eac;!) of them had allottod to him a wo<mI- 
 lot consisting of five iiundred acres, in additioti to an e(|uitable portion of 
 the cultivated marsh and upland, which had lH!en previously the property 
 of the French inhabitants. The settlers seem at once to have taken 
 possession of their lots and to have connnenced iniprovin:; them. From 
 the public documttnts which have been preserved in the urciiive.s of the 
 Province, we are enabled to catch an occasioinil f,'limpse of them and tlmir 
 doinj{8 in their new iiomes. Before proceedin){, however, to relate these 
 particulars, T shall quote so.ne interesting facts gleaned from the census 
 of 17(i8 and 1770, which are furnished by original returns made by orde- 
 of the (Jovernment. The returns for both these years, j^ive the names of 
 the new settlers then r(>mainin,t{ in the occupany of V,he township. The 
 following is a copy of that for the former year : 
 
 NAU1C8. 
 
 Kertuux, I'liilip . . 
 Black, Hvrijaniin . 
 IJeiinott, ThoiniiH . 
 
 linlc'diii, SiltiN 
 
 BnrnoH, NHtliaiiiul 
 Hiineroft, Sitnuiul . 
 Hiirtlett, Khoiio/.or 
 Hunt, Duviil 
 
 "BllHH, .IllHuph . . . 
 
 Biikor, John 
 
 Bulliveaii, Joan . . . 
 liiisteraHli, Jtmn . , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p- 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1* 
 
 4* 
 
 4 
 
 ji 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 i 
 
 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 9! 
 
 
 & 
 
 ■c 
 
 ^ 
 
 £ 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 t*» 
 
 S 
 
 t 
 CO 
 
 Kkmakkk hv tiik 
 
 AUTIinK. 
 
 ■fCoHby, Anne 
 
 Canipftell, Robert 
 
 (Jliirk, Uriiih 
 
 C'orl)ett, iHaiali ...,..., 
 {Jleavland, Saiiiucl . . . . . 
 
 Conio, Francis 
 
 (Joino. Francis, jun., and 
 foul otliersof same name. 
 
 Davis, John . . , 
 Dodge, Josiah . 
 JDyson, Alice . 
 Daniels, Asa . , 
 Dunn, John . . . 
 Dugau(2) 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 9 21 
 
 4 2 
 
 3 4 
 3 2 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 ,.l 
 
 6 2 
 
 3 
 1 2 
 
 42 
 
 l(i 
 
 3 A Rirl liorii this year; 
 I one male left provincf. 
 
 'i| 
 
 3 Many descendant)). 
 
 Many doscRndants. 
 
 . . ' None known. 
 
 2 Many deHCcndants. 
 
 2 Many descendants, 
 
 I ' Many desctendants. 
 
 Owned two flshhiKboats 
 
 and one schooner. 
 One flshiiiK l>oat. 
 
 3 
 2 
 2 3 
 
 <>rantee of lot 34 near 
 
 Kent's. 
 
 All Catholics and 
 Acadians. 
 
 One male and one 
 female born in 1707. 
 
 Many detx-endantH. 
 Many deMccndants, 
 French Acadians. 
 
 * A hrothor of tlio first Episcopal ))iHhop of MassacluiHottR, His lot was No. 58. 
 t'Sister of Joseph Winniett and widow of Lieiitenant-(Jovornor Cosby. 
 X The mother of Mary Dyson, wife of Joseph Winniett. 
 
HISTORY 0¥ ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 153 
 
 NAM KM. 
 
 1 
 
 £ 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 .i 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 s 
 1 
 
 * 
 
 a 
 
 2 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 
 '2 
 
 *} 
 
 2 
 
 Ik 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 .■■) 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 io 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 B 
 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 e 
 
 .T 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 
 23 
 (1 
 
 II 
 4 
 
 2 
 9 
 
 « 
 '4 
 
 '4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 '4 
 
 1 
 
 
 >> 
 
 2 
 
 r> 
 
 I 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 r> 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 27 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 .3 
 I 
 I 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 14 
 4 
 
 '3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 '9 
 4 
 2 
 
 ," 
 
 1 
 in 
 
 ItRVAHKH HY TIIK 
 AlTnOH. 
 
 'Kiwlon, )T(ihn 
 
 ;f 
 
 3 
 
 » 
 4 
 
 «> 
 
 i8 
 
 '1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 KK) 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 i3 
 
 2 
 12 
 
 8 
 10 
 
 20 
 1 
 
 2 
 24 
 
 is 
 
 19 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 i\ 
 
 i 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 T 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 * * 
 
 4 
 
 "3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 
 One miw mill. Oewen- 
 
 iliintH. 
 .Mitiiv ilcHOfiidnntH. 
 
 KviiiiN, Ht'iiry 
 
 l! 2 
 
 2\ 1 
 
 i 1 
 a 1 
 1 1 
 
 2 1 
 
 .. 
 
 
 Krost, .loliii . . 
 
 Kelcli, KlMinn/or 
 
 Kulcll, l)(lllit!l 
 
 Kislicr, Nutliitiiiitl 
 
 Hitny (tpud'nilantN. 
 Many dcHceiidaiiti. 
 
 < Irant, Daviil 
 
 
 <!row, Kilwai'cl 
 
 
 fCiiituH, Olilhiitn 
 
 (1 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ''2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 H 
 
 r* 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 ? 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 Owiipda flxhlnK Ixiat. 
 
 (iauilut, iIoBuph 
 
 Hai'<ly, Aurori 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 o 
 
 .'■> 
 4 
 '2 
 
 » 
 
 1 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 Aradlnii. Owiii-il a llsh- 
 llIK liout. 
 
 Hiki'ily, Aiiroii, jiiii 
 
 Hai tIm, John 
 
 Hour, Jonuthiiii 
 
 OcM^cndanU. 
 Owned a flahinirhnat. 
 Owned twoAHhintrl^f^Ati 
 
 Karilwick, Htsnry 
 
 Muni, .lacoJ) 
 
 DcHi'tMidantH. 
 Owni-d \(t\»\, and i*aw 
 
 mill. 
 Dt-BcendantM. 
 
 Owni'd a Kriit-mill- 
 One child Imrn, 17«7. 
 Dewendanta. 
 
 Many dewcndantH. 
 Owned OuhinK boat. 
 
 Hoopur, TlioinuH 
 
 Koniliil, KliHhii 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 (i 
 •2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 T 
 » 
 
 2 
 3 
 .3 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 r> 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 .3 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 
 •{ 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 I 
 7 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 9 
 4 
 
 (i 
 .5 
 4 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 1 
 7 
 1 
 1 
 H 
 2 
 4 
 
 Kt'nt, Isaar 
 
 Lecain, FranciH 
 
 LinHlitVi .lohn 
 
 Lee, 'J honiaH 
 
 tLaiif^hiy, .lohn 
 
 I^awroncf, William 
 
 Lawntnce, liannuh 
 
 Lawrencn, Jonathan 
 
 I^ovett, I'liincaH 
 
 Lf ))lani:, CharleH 
 
 Morao, Altnor 
 
 Many deiU'rndantH. 
 
 WaH a MIbm MesMenKer, 
 
 Owned a griiit and naw 
 
 mill. 
 Acadian. Kiihini; boat. 
 
 Child born in 1707. 
 
 MorHo, SanuitsI 
 
 Morgan, Ann 
 
 Mealnian, (,'harluH 
 
 McHsenger, ElHtne/nr 
 
 MesHongor, Khenezer, jun. 
 MorriHon, .loHeph 
 
 Parker, Nathaniel 
 
 I'ayson, Jonathan 
 
 Rhodda, Stephen 
 
 Ilieo, JoHeph 
 
 Kice, Judali 
 
 Rieo, Bonjaniin 
 
 Wife a (;hurch. 
 Wife a Church. 
 A widow-three son^. 
 
 NnnierousdeBccndiinlH. 
 NnmerouHdcHcemlant*. 
 
 Many descendants. 
 Many deHcendants. 
 
 Kice, Margaret 
 
 
 Kice, John 
 
 Kice, Timothy 
 
 Kice, Kbeno/.er 
 
 .3 
 
 if 
 
 DesccndantH. 
 Descendants. 
 Descendants. 
 
 • See momoirH of KaHHon in another part of this book. 
 
 t Owned one thouwind aci-os of land — lots Nos. (iO and (Jl, near Clark's ferry. 
 
 t Had lots NoH. 83 and 84. 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 NAMKS. 
 
 Smith, John 
 
 Sanders, Pardon . . 
 Sannders, Timothy 
 Simpson, Henjaniin 
 Spurr, Michael ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 U4 
 
 i 
 
 
 JS 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 x 
 
 1 
 < 
 
 £ 
 
 I 
 
 d 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 be 
 
 B 
 
 § 
 >> 
 
 0. 
 
 % 
 5 
 
 00 1 
 
 Kemarkr by Tim 
 Author. 
 
 Wilkie, James 
 
 Walker, Robert 
 
 tWinniett, Magdalen . . . 
 
 Williams, Thomas 
 
 Winniett, Joseph 
 
 Worthylake, Koenezer . . 
 JWinniett, Matthew . . . 
 Wood, Rev. Thomas . . . . 
 
 Wood, William 
 
 Wheelock, Obadiah 
 
 Wheelook, Klias 
 
 Wheelock, .Joseph 
 
 Winslow, .John Howard . 
 Winchester, Nathan . . . 
 Whitman Mercy 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 .. 
 
 , , 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 • • 
 
 •• 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 i 
 
 .3 
 
 •• 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 •• 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 8 
 15 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 • • 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 . . 1. . 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 , 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 , , 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 . . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
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 I 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 ] 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 io 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 , 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 .S 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 . . 1 . . 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Saw-mill— out 4,000 feet 
 of Inmber, 1767.* 
 
 Owned a saw-mill. 
 
 Many (lescendanbi. 
 Many descendants. 
 
 Many descendants. 
 
 Many descendants. 
 
 Many descendants. 
 
 None. 
 
 Many descendants. 
 
 Widow. 
 
 The facts above given may be summarized thus : The total population 
 was 513, of whom 445 were Protestant and 68 Roman Catholic; 370 of 
 them were of American birth, 40 of English, 8 of Scotch, 20 of Irish, 
 and 67 of Acadian birth, and 8 of foreign origin. Of cattle there were 
 832, of horses 76, of sheep 589, of swine 108. Of mills there were eight 
 — four saw and four grist mills. Of vessels there were two schooners 
 and nineteen fishing boats. The number of families was 99, and the 
 average of each family slightly exceeded 5. The smallest household 
 comprised only one member ; the largest contained ten individuals. The 
 people were chiefly, in fact almost wholly, devoted to agricultural 
 pursuits, and in the preceding year they raised of wheat 539 bushels, or 
 a trifle over one bushel per head of the population ; of barley- 446 
 bushels, or less than a bushel to each ; of rye 317 bushels, being a small 
 percentage over one-half bushel to each ; it is therefore certain that 
 wheat was the leading grain crop of this period. I now proceed to lay 
 before the reader a portion of the census returns for the year 1770. 
 
 * The MS. leaves it uncertain t '"Inch of the three names. Smith, Sanders or 
 Saunders, the ownership of the mih , intended to be imputed. It can only be 
 shown by reference to the original return. The Saunders family were early engaged 
 in lumbering. — [Ed.] 
 
 t Widow of William Winniett, and mothe' .•" Joseph. 
 X Brother of Joseph ; never marrie<i. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 155 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Bancroft, Saimiel 
 Bakoni, .Samuel. . 
 BasH, Josepli . . . . 
 
 Bent, Daviil 
 
 Baker, John . . . . 
 Bertaux, Philip . . 
 Balconi, Silas. . . . 
 Basterash, Jean . . 
 
 ('lark,' Uriah 
 
 Corbett, Isaiah .... 
 Cleaveland, Samuel 
 Conio, Francis, jun 
 Como, Francis .... 
 
 Conio, Jean 
 
 Como, Justin 
 
 Dunn, John . . 
 Daniels, Asa . 
 Davis, Elias . . 
 Dyson, Alice . 
 Dodge, Josiah 
 Davis, John . 
 
 Evans, Henry 
 Kasaon, John . 
 
 Folch, Daniel .... 
 Fisher, Nathaniel 
 Felch, Ebenezer . 
 Frost, John 
 
 § I s 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 7 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 tt 
 5 
 4 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 5 
 
 « 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 Hardy, Aaron, jun 7 
 
 Hanly, Aaron, sen 2 
 
 Hooper, Thomas 7 
 
 Hai'dwick, Henry 6 
 
 Harris, John 8 
 
 Kent, Isaac I 9 
 
 Kendall, Elisha 1 8 
 
 Langley, John . . 7 
 
 Lawrence, William ,3 
 
 [.Awrence, Jonathan 4 
 
 Lawrence, Hannah 2 
 
 Lovett, Phineas [ 4 
 
 Linsley, John j 2 
 
 Lecain, Francis | 10 
 
 Leblanc, Charles j 4 
 
 i 
 
 Morse, Abner i 9 
 
 Morse, Samuel i 5 
 
 Morrison, Archibald 8 
 
 Messenger, Ebenezer j 4 
 
 Messenger, Ebenezer, jun ! 3 
 
 Morgan, George I 8 
 
 i 
 
 -"2 
 ? p 
 
 J2 in 
 
 St 
 
 •c 
 
 2 
 
 f» ; 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 2 
 
 , 
 
 3 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 , , 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 572 
 
 »9r> 
 
 500 
 570 
 
 li)(» 
 
 1038 
 272 
 500 
 
 ioo 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 500 
 500 
 
 500 
 400 
 
 1000 
 500 
 
 642 
 
 1000 
 748 
 100 
 
 430 
 1000 
 
 2 i 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 500 
 
 1498 
 491 
 
 300 
 
 500 
 
 15 
 
 500 
 
 2163 
 
 2000 
 
 I 1046 
 i 769 
 .320 
 900 
 132 
 150 
 
 Obliterated. 
 
156 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 NAMK. 
 
 si, 
 
 1 
 
 
 J 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 Irish. 
 
 1 
 
 a' 
 
 ■2 
 if 
 
 Parker, Nathaniel . . . . 
 Paj'sun, Jonathan 
 
 Rice, Timothy 
 
 Rice, Jiidah 
 
 Rice, Beriah 
 
 Rice, Ebenezer, jun . . . 
 
 Rice, Ebenezer 
 
 Rice, John 
 
 Rhodda, Stephen 
 
 Simpson, Benjamin 
 
 Spurr, Michael 
 
 Sanders, Pardon 
 
 Wheelock, Eliaa 
 
 VVheelock, Obadiah . . , 
 
 Winslow, John H 
 
 Wheelock, Joseph . . , . 
 Winchester, Nathan . , 
 Whitman, Mercy .... 
 Worthylake, Eliisnezer 
 Winniett, Joseph .... 
 Winniett, Magdalen . . 
 
 Williams, Thomas 
 
 Winniett, Matthew . . 
 
 Wilkie, Mai-y 
 
 Wood. William 
 
 Wl»e«Ier, James 
 
 Wood, Rev. Thomas . 
 
 Walker, Thomas 
 
 Walker, Robert 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 3 
 8 
 1 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 4 
 II 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 10 
 10 
 6 
 12 
 5 
 8 
 I 
 4 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 8 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 •• 
 
 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 ■ •. 
 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 I 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 •• 
 
 6 
 
 i 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 412 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 1449 
 
 
 l.SOO 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 262 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 ios 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 340 
 
 
 750 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 728 
 
 
 2000 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 665 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 344 
 
 
 .364 
 
 
 150 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 100 
 
 Comparing these results with those of 1768, it will be seen that there 
 was a decrease in the total of population equal to 17 per cent., while 
 there was an increase in the Acadian or native portion of it of 230 per 
 cent, in three years. The decrease in the Amei'ican-born as shown by 
 these census was about 54 per cent. This decrease may be accounted 
 for in more than one way. An analysis of the names proves that twenty- 
 four families removed from the township during the interval, some of 
 whom no doubt, being dissatisfied with their position, returned to the 
 colony whence they came, and others removed to other townships. The 
 names of the families who thus left the township were as follows : Black, 
 Bennett, Barnes, Bartlett, Belliveau, Cosby (Ann), Campbell, four 
 Comos and two Dugaats, Frost, Grant, Grow, Gates (Oldham), Garidet, 
 Hoar, Hurd, Lee, Mealman, Rice, Smith, Saunders. Those printed in 
 italics were Acadian Frenchmen and probably removed to Clare to settle 
 among their countrymen, who had found their way thither after exile, 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 157 
 
 while some of the remaining ones, as Gates and Saunders (Timothy) 
 removed to Wilmot, and Spencer and others to Granville. The subjoined 
 is an abstract from a manuscript, entitled " State and Condition of Nova 
 Scotia, 1763": 
 
 " In this county — Annapolis— arc only two townshipH (to wit) Annapolis and 
 Granville. Annapolis han about sixty families, and Granville eighty. Most of these 
 inhabitants have large stocks of cattle ; at least 1,600 head of horned cattle were 
 wintered over by them last year, but they 8uffere<l much for want of bread, the 
 inhabitants being reduced to the necessity of eating the Grain they had reserved for 
 Seed, which will reduce them to Necessity this year also unless they can obtain some 
 small supply. It is conjectured alwut 500 bushels Corn will be sufficient for that 
 end, and if they could be supplied with 200 bushels of Wiieat for Seed Karly in the 
 spring, these two townships would subsist without further assistance, and be able to 
 pay next year for lulvances." 
 
 " A Court of Common Pleas has been erected consisting of foiu- judges. Two are 
 since dea<l and two wanting to fill their places.* A Commissioner of Sewera for 
 Repairing and amending the Dykes in the township of Granville, is much wanted." 
 
 " Five Justices have been nominated for Granville but not yet appointed. The 
 townships have none to represent them in the General Assembly. The proprietors 
 of Annapolis and Granville have not yet got a grant + of their lands. A List for that 
 End has been settled by a C^ommittee of Council and approved of." 
 
 " Something is necessary to be done for the Piiblic Roads in these townahips. 
 £50 has l)een voted in Council, £20 of which has been paid ; the remainder laid out 
 before winter woidd be very useful." 
 
 In August, 1763, Judge Hoar, in a letter J to Governor Lawrence, 
 recommends William Graves and Benjamin Shaw for subaltern commis- 
 sions in Captain Hall's company of militia ; Samuel Wade and Paul 
 
 Crocker for Captain 's company ; Abner Morse and Joseph Bass 
 
 for Captain Evans' company ; iiiforms His Excellency of the refusal of 
 Mr. Lovett to accept a captain's commission, and recommends Mr. 
 Oldham (iates in his place, and expresses his regret that " one Captain 
 Jabez Snow was neglected, one that was a captain all last war, and 
 behaved with reputation." The Snows of Queens and Shelburne coun- 
 ties are descended from this person. The Captain Hall referred to in 
 this communication was John Hall who came to Granville alx)ut the 
 year 1760 with his wife and family, the latter at that time consisting of 
 two children. His descendants are very numerous aiiu widely scattered 
 v'ver the maritime colonies. Among these the rea ^c- may note the name 
 ' ' S. S. Hall, Esq., a leading merchant of St. John, New Brunswick ; 
 
 * The assertion that two of the four judges of this court had died since its insti- 
 tution in ITttl, recjuires corroboration, ^le88rs. Hoar, Evans and Winniett were 
 certainly all living in 1763, yet the writer was certainly in a position to know the 
 facts. 
 
 + It seems certain from this statement that the grant of 1759 had been cancelled, 
 and the title to these lands reve8te<l in the Crown. Yet there appears to be no 
 record of an escheat extant. 
 
 J See this letter in full in memoirs of Mr. Hoar. 
 
158 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Ml". J.'vines I. Fellow.s, the celebrated druggist and chemist,* lately agent 
 for the Province of New Brunswick in London ; of the late James H. 
 Thome, Esq., of the Post-ottice Money Order Department in Halifax, 
 and the Messieurs Hall, stationers of the same city, who are his great- 
 grandsons, f The Samuel Wade spoken of was a son of Captain John 
 Wade who, tradition affirms, was at the final capture of Louisburg anfl 
 Quebec, having served with the colonial troops who wore employed, and 
 who so nobly distinguished themselves in these undertakings. His 
 great-grandcliildren are to be found in great numbers in the Province, 
 and are generally distinguished by industrious habits and integrity of 
 character. The descendants of Messieurs Graves and Crocker are like- 
 wise numerous and to be found in Wilmot and Aylesford, and those of 
 Mr. Gates are also to be found in that section of the country. 
 
 In 1770 there was a general election, and Phineas Lovett, Esq. — the 
 " Captain " Lovett mentioned in Hoar's letter to Lawrence — and Joseph 
 Patten, Esq., were chosen as members of the new assembly for the 
 tounty ; and Obadiah Wheelock and John Harris, Esqs., for Annapolis 
 and Granville respectively. Full notices of these gentlemen will be 
 found in another place, to which the reader is referred. At this time 
 road commissioners for the county were appointed, whose duty it was to 
 spend the sums granted for the road service and to collect the taxes 
 levied on the people for that purpose, and to report to the Government 
 from time to time on the condition of the public highways and the 
 financial requirements concerning them. 
 
 During the period from 1770 to 1780 the work of clearing the forests, 
 reclaiming the wild lands, and turning them into tasteful and profitable 
 farms went steadily and successfully, yet slowly onward, in the valley 
 sections of this township, the regions beyond the adjoining heights being 
 a terra incognita, except to a few adventurous hunters and trappers. 
 The river afforded the chief means of transit in the summer season, the 
 grist and saw mills being accessible in this way, and the transport of all 
 heavy materials was carried on by means of boats and scows ; yet, 
 as we have seen, the land thoroughfares were not entirely neglected, 
 though it was not until after the arrival of the Loyalists in 1783 that 
 rapid strides of improvement were made in this direction. In the 
 county town we catch here and there a glimpse of the inhabitants. In 
 1776 and 1777 we see Mrs. Mary Wilkie, widow of James Wilkie, in 
 her trim little grocery store, where, among other things, she sold a " wee 
 drap " of rum, which she had bought from Mr. John Fillis, wholesale 
 merchant of Halifax. Andrew Ritchie, too, in 1777, was well supplied 
 
 "Inventor of the well-known "compound syrup of hypophosphitos." He has 
 recently died. — [Ed.] 
 
 t See other particulars in memoirs of Mr. Hall. 
 
Sir William Fenwick Williams, K.C.U., 
 
 lA-iiliiiatil-(loririiitr of Xora Srolla. 
 
HlSTOnV OF ANNAI'OLIS. 159 
 
 witli the same article by John Winslow of tlie Hiime city, and also with 
 Hii equal nuinher of gallons of molasaea. Tlio Rev. Thomas Wood, most 
 worthy of missionaries as he was, was supplied with twenty-eight 
 gallons of wine (for sacramental and medicinal purpose:!) by James 
 Brown, wine merchant of the Capital; and "Captain" Titus who 
 prefeired wine to the stronger beverage, imported fifty-four gallons of 
 wine to be used as occasion served ; and Captain Robert Young, who 
 nmst have run a public-house, required 206 gallons of rum with which 
 to sui)ply his customers. 
 
 The leading magistrates were Joseph Winniett, who held maity of the 
 most important county otKces, and Thomas Williams, both of whose 
 families have furnished the Grown with an opportunity to reward 
 distinguished .services with knight hoofl, a grandson of each having 
 received that distingui.shetl honour at the hands of their Sovereign Liidy, 
 our present Queen. It was during this decade that Anne and Mary, 
 Elizabeth and Margaret Winniett — the two younger si.sters Alice and 
 Martha not having pas.sed beyond the initial "teen" — -were the recog- 
 nized l)elles of tlie day, and the objects of admiration by the officers of 
 the garrison. Three of them, Mary, Elizabeth and Margaret, became 
 the wives of Messieurs Hamilton, Nunn and Wolseley, respectively, and 
 when military duty commanded, left their native town, no doubt with 
 regret, to form new associations in other, and to them alien lands. 
 
 At this periofl the mails were carried from Halifax to Annapolis once 
 every fortnight, and vice versa, partly on horseback and partly by a foot 
 postman. A vehicle, other than the commonest of common carts, was a 
 thing yet several years in the future. The winter was tlie joyous and 
 truly enjoyable season of the year, for it was then that the " horse-sled " 
 was put into requisition by old and young, the roads admitting its use, 
 while, from their rude condition they refused to permit the transit of a 
 wheeled carriage. It was therefore in this season that a round of 
 visiting was planned and carried out, of visits to relatives in other 
 townships, and friends in remote settlements ; of the bride in the ' ack- 
 woods to the home of her girlhood ; of the lover to the plantation where 
 dwelt his " charming " Molly or Sally or Patty as the case may be ; or of 
 the "old people" to the new log-house in the forest, of which their 
 eldest daughter had, during the year, been made the mistress by the 
 stout hearted and ready-handed young yeoman who now called her by 
 the endearing name of wife ; while in older settlements the apples of the 
 French orchards aiforded at once the materials for excellent cider and 
 " paring parties," which the people of the old metropolitan county have 
 not yet entirely forgotten to enjoy. 
 
160 
 
 HISTOUY OF ANNAroUS. 
 
 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER X. 
 
 The following is a correct list of the namoH inserted in the first grant 
 of the township of Annapolis, in 1769, which for convenience tif reference 
 I have arranged in alphal)etical order. Quit« a number of the persons 
 named never came to the county, which was the case with many named 
 in the first township grants in every county in the Province : 
 
 Abbott, Kplii'iiiin. 
 Abbott, tU>bn. 
 ArniHtrong, Timothj. 
 
 Bacon, Daniel. 
 
 Bacon, John. 
 
 Bacon, Stephen. 
 
 Baldwin, Nahiim. 
 
 BarneH, Timothy. 
 
 Bent, Elijah. 
 
 Bent, HopeHtill. 
 
 Bent, Micah. 
 
 Bent, P. 
 
 Bent, Thomas. 
 
 Bertaux, Philip (Annapolis), 
 
 Bird, Benjamin. 
 
 Bird, Benjamin, jun. 
 
 Boiitcin, \Vm. (Annapolis). 
 
 Brewer, James. 
 
 Brewer, Jonathan. 
 
 Brewer, Moses. 
 
 Brown, Kbenezer. 
 
 Brown, Samuel. 
 
 Brown, Thomas. 
 
 Brown, William. 
 
 Cheney, Timothy. 
 Clapp, Joel. 
 Coolidge, Hezekiah. 
 Coolidge, Josiah. 
 Corey, Benjamin. 
 
 Uaggart, Samuel. 
 Damon, Thomas. 
 Dan, William. 
 Darko, Benjamin. 
 Darks, I^njamin, jun. 
 Darks, David. 
 Davis, Caleb. 
 Davis, Joshua. 
 
 Eddy, Benjamin. 
 Emmes, John. 
 
 KvanH, Henry. 
 Evans, John. 
 
 Farrur, (Jettrge, jun. 
 Felch, Ebcnezor. 
 
 Uanlner, John. 
 Gates, Amos. 
 Qibbs, Isaac, jun. 
 (libbs, William. 
 Gibson, Isajic. 
 Gibson, Nathaniel. 
 Gibson, Timothy, 
 (iiggs, Samuel. 
 Gla/.in, Benjamin. 
 Glazin, Jason, jun. 
 Glazin, Jason 3nl. 
 . Gisldward, William. 
 Graves, Thomas. 
 
 Hagar, Isaac, jun. 
 HaU, John. 
 Hasey, Nathaniel. 
 Healy, Aaron. 
 Healy, Nathaniel. 
 Heard, Richard. 
 Hemmingway, Sylvanus. 
 Hoar, Josiah. 
 
 Jenkins, Josepli. 
 
 Keir, John. 
 Kendall, VAea,7,er, 
 Kendall, Elijah. 
 Knight, Samuel. 
 Knight, Stephen. 
 
 Lecain, Francis, 
 Lyon, Enoch. 
 
 May, Aaron. 
 McCuUough, James. 
 McNamara, John. 
 
 Mereim, John. 
 M(N>re, Daniel, jun. 
 Mossman, James. 
 .M\r/./.ey, Benjamin. 
 Muzxe}-, Nathaniel. 
 
 Newton, Simon. 
 
 Pierce, Moseh, 
 Pool, Samuel. 
 Powney, George. 
 
 Rice, El»enezer. 
 Rice, Eliakim. 
 Rice, Ezekiel. 
 Rice, John. 
 Rice, Matthias. 
 RichardHon, Antonie. 
 Rixon, John. 
 Rixon, Thomas. 
 
 Salter, Malachi (Halifax). 
 Sanders, Pardon( Annapolis). 
 Seaver, Comfort. 
 Smith, Ebenezer. 
 Spurr, Michael. 
 Stimhope, Samuel. 
 Stone, Jesse. 
 Stone, Samuel. 
 
 Troobridge, Thomas. 
 
 Underwood, .Jonathan. 
 Underwood, Timothy. 
 
 Whitney, Jason. 
 Winslow, John Howard. 
 Wintworth, Edward. 
 Woo<lward, Isaac. 
 Woodwar<l, John. 
 Woodward, Josiah. 
 Worthylake, Ebenezer. 
 Wyar, James. 
 
("llAI'TKlt XI. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OK ANNAPOLIS, CONCLITDEI). 
 
 liy till L'Uitur. 
 
 Loyalist refugeuH anive— Invasion of tlio town in I7S1 — Tiie L()yftIiHtH — A plot to 
 rol) ami nuiiiler in 17H5 Capitation tax list of 1 7!t'i— Court-house and juil - 
 Town otlicers, 171t7— iK'si'i'iption of the town in 1804— The Hnnie in I82H — Its 
 antiipiity — The fort— ('hurohes — Old buildings — Tiie tire record Revived 
 prosperity — Appendix — A reniarkalile prayer;— Verses — Relics — Tlie Gold- 
 Hniiths — Tlie " Rising Village." 
 
 T^HE bieakin{( out of tho Civil War in tiie older colonies could not 
 fail to deeply interest the people of tliis county. Some of the 
 class known as " Loyalist Itefugees " came and settled here from time to 
 time as the disaflection in those colonies became more pronounced. 
 Disapproving of the measures of tiie malcontents, from which they foresaw 
 sanguinary consecjuences, they sought to escape by a timely removal with 
 their families and fortunes to a community that was peaceful and 
 contented. Immigrants bound to the older colonies, but discouraged by 
 the gloomy prospect which met them there, turned their steps hitherward, 
 where better securities for " life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness " 
 seemed to them to present themselves. This accession to our population 
 was of course, when hostilities at length began, augmented in conse(|Uence 
 of the bitter persecutions instituted against any who so'ight even to 
 remain neutral between the contending parties. It is unjust to consider 
 this class of Loyalists any less meritorious than the exiles of 1783. They 
 were ecjually devoted to the darling principle of a " United Empire," and 
 cheerfully rendered the loyal service which allegiance and patriotism 
 demanded of them in their new homes, while their influence did much to 
 encourage and promote a loyal sentiment among their new neighbours 
 and associates, natives of the colonies in revolt, and children of such 
 natives ; and when the Province was threatened with invasion, they 
 rallied for its defence in " Royal Emigrant Companies." 
 
 The early settlers in Cumberland and Kings counties memorialized 
 the Government, asking for the same exemption that Governor Phillipps 
 had granted the Acadians as a qualification of the ordinaiy oatli of 
 11 
 
ir»2 HIHTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 ulli>>(iiiiicf, Hiiyin^', "It would In* th« great "nt pioco of cruelty iind injuHtice " 
 tor them to lie "suSjected to iniiicli iiitc different piirts in iirnis iigninst 
 friends luid relutioiis." Hut as a r\ile tli«> Hyiii])atliies of the peopht of thin 
 uounty, lia|)py in th**ir new and valua1il> poNsessions, and disre^^arding 
 mere sentinH'ntal g'^ifvances, were with the (iovernnient, to whcne bounty 
 they were ho freshly indebted — a f w notable eases (fxeepted. One WiiH 
 that of William IIo\m', son oF the worthy and celebrated Edward How, 
 whose history is elsewhere given. We are not justified in attributing to 
 Phineas [x)vett and John Mall any adverse sentimentH stnmger than 
 sympathy with the objects for which tin colonists professed to contend in 
 the earlier stages of tin agitaticm that j receded and inaugurated a civil 
 war that was s(K»n to bn directed to other aims anil objects than the mere 
 " redress of grievances. A certain sympal liy Ijorn of solicitude for friends 
 and kinspeople engaged in deadly conflict, « ith or v, -tliouf entire approval 
 of the cause for which thvy lough^; can scarcely fail to find a place in 
 human hearts. Solicitude and .sympathy affect tha I'idgmeut, ho that a 
 minority is often iurne<l into a majority when the 8\\ord of nuthority is 
 invoked for the suppres*^ii)n of a rel)ellion territorial in its area. 
 
 The " Acts for the Pacification of America," passed by the British 
 Parliament, February I7th, 1778, conceding to the colonies everything 
 chey had asked for before they had resorted to arms — more, indeed, than 
 their authorized representatives and delegates had ever claimed — checked 
 any murmurs of disaffection in Nova Scotia, and made any attempt at 
 separation <m her part as unjustifiable as it would be to-day, or aa the 
 .secession of the Southern States was in 18G0. This town, however, was 
 not long to rest in the enjoyment of the coveted security. Colonel 
 Phineas Lovett. happening to be a passenger in a vessel sailing from 
 Salem to Machias, Me., was interviewed by ono Stephen Smith, who had 
 been a delegate to the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts Bay. 
 Smith inquired of him about the state of the forts at the mouth of the 
 St. John River and at Annapolis, and as to the probable disposition of 
 the people in the event of an attempt by the Continentals to capture the 
 country. Mr. Lovett promptly informed the local authorities at 
 Annapolis of this conversation, and a petition signed by Rev. Thomas 
 Wood, Thomas Williams, ordnance store-keeper, Colonel William Shaw 
 and John Ritchie, with a letter from Matthew Winniett, was sent to the 
 Government a.sking for a supply of arms and ammunition. Mr. Lovett, 
 who probably was despatched with these documents, appeared before the 
 Council and was examined. As a result, by an order of July 24th, 1775, 
 a supply was sent consisting of six barrels of gunpowder, ball in propor- 
 tion, and four G-pounders for the forts at Annapolis and Granville. 
 On August 26th, a light infantry company of fifty men was ordered to 
 be formed at Annapolis. Following close upon this, the Council requested 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 163 
 
 Ouptaiii Ln Crns that MIm Mujcsty's ship Tartar hIiuuUI go to AnnupoliH 
 to iiHsist in its protuction. In 177(>, militia were garriNoiiing Ixttli tho 
 forts at Annapolis and (Joat Island. Th** Spring Circuit of th»< Supreme 
 Court that year was dispensed with, to avert a possible capture of tlie 
 judge and officers of the court by piratical cruisers in the Bay of Fundy. 
 In short, the settlements in the western parts of Nova Scotia were kept 
 in a ptM'petual state of terror from the l)eginning to the end of the war, 
 during whicli none of our j)eople were more loyal or attache<l to the 
 (iovernment than the returned Acadians. On August 28th, 17H1, two 
 rebel schooners, one of twelve and the other of Um carriage guns, with 
 eighty men. came up the river, and landed half the men under cover of 
 night. They first, according to Murdoch, surprised tho guard, consisting 
 of three soldiers from the forts on the St. John River, who were luileep, 
 entered the south sally-port and to(»k possession of the barracks within 
 the stockade, with no loss of life except that of their own pilot, whom 
 they killed by mistake. A well-authenticated tradition in the town 
 corrects Murdtwh as to the guard, and declares that there was none what- 
 ever at the fort on this night. The pilot is .said to have lieen a French- 
 man, who had two or three years before made himself amenable to the 
 punishment of branding in the hand for some criminal offence, and now 
 proposer! to avenge himself by conducting the enemy into the fort and 
 killing the sheriff whom he expected to find there. He was afterwards 
 buried by the citizens near the block-house without any ver}' reverential 
 funeral ceremony. One of the citizens, the late Mr. John Roach, father 
 of William H. Roach, afterwards M.P.P., who lived near the middle of 
 the Lower Town, was awakened between midnight and morning by the 
 noise of an angry discussion on the street, wliich he found on opening the 
 window proceeded from two armed men apparently disputing over some 
 property in their possession. One of them at once presented a musket to 
 him and demanded admittance, having gained which he made him a 
 prisoner. Another citizen* just then rushed in giving to his neighbour 
 in excited tones the, by this time, superfluous information that the 
 "rebels" were in town, adding to the epithet an adjective still less 
 complimentary, whereupon one of the intrudera pointed his musket at 
 him, and he, startled, sprang quickly backwards and tripped over a 
 cradle containing an infant, and fell with his feet upwards across the 
 cradle in such a ludicrous position that he attributed his escape with his 
 life to his assailant's amusement at his ridiculous plight. All the able- 
 bodied inhabitants were in the same way disarmed, mode prisoners and 
 placed in the moat at the fort, and there guarded by armed men, while 
 others of the crew plundered every house and store of everything movable, 
 leaving the townspeople only the garments they were actually clothed in. 
 
 * Mr. Coasins. 
 
1C4 HISTORY OV ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 No second article of wearing apparel for inner or outer use was Ipft. The 
 ladies were ai)ared the shoes they had on, hut without the s i- huckles. 
 It is related that there was a sick lady* in a house h'm the present 
 Catholic glebe, whose coloured servant went down to the .vater-side and 
 appealed to them on behalf of the invalid wliom they '.ad deprived of 
 every necessary as well as comfort. One of them ordering her tj spread 
 out her apron, they filled it with tea, sugar, etc. 
 
 They kept pi)S3es8ion of the town a considerable part of the day, 
 indulging freely in strong drink, and terrorizing the inhabitants ; but 
 when they heard a rumour that the militia were mustering in the 
 surrounding country, they left suddenly, first spiking the cannon in the 
 fort, and carrying with them as prisoners Thomas Williams, grandfather 
 of Sir W. F. Williams, and John Ritchie, afterwards M.P.P., grandfather 
 of Chief Justice, Sir Wm. J. Ritchie, whom they released on parole and 
 promise of exchange for an American prisoner at Halifax. In connection 
 with this affair Colonel Phineas Lovett wrote to the Halifax Gazette 
 as follows : " In yours of the 4th, the public is informed of the taking 
 of the town of Annapolis Royal on the morning of the 29th August 
 last, which is true, but that ' when the express came away the pirates 
 were under full sail standing up for the town again,' and that 'there 
 were no militia mustering to oppose them,' is absolutely false." Whatever 
 may be the facts on these points. Colonel Henry Munro, who promptly 
 came down from Wilmot to offer military assistance, afterwards spoke 
 in strong terms of reproach of the inactivity ami irresolution of the 
 officers in comnuind here. In the same year the armed schooner 
 Advtntiire captured a lebel schooner of sixty tons register, and brought 
 her into Annapolis to be disposed of. In the spring of 1782, an 
 American privateer sloop of fifty tons, cairying about forty men and 
 eight guns, created alarm in the town, chasing a vessel of Captain Mowat 
 up as far as Goat Island, but in the afternoon of the same day a British 
 man-of-war, the Jiuckram, coming in, tf)ok her, the men escaping to the 
 woods. 
 
 During this summer a very interesting character was added to the 
 social and religious life of the town, the Rev. Jacob Bailey, a Loyalist, 
 who had fled from Pownalborough, Me., tti Halifax in 1779. The 
 reader is referred to a biography of this clergyman, entitled "A Frontier 
 Missionary," by Rev. Wm. S. Bartlett (Boston, 1853), in which copious 
 extracts from his journal are published, showing the conditions of life 
 and society at that period in Annapolis and Kings counties. Several 
 hundreds of Loyalist exiles came here directly from their former homes 
 in the same year. 
 
 In 1783, the news that peace had lieen concluded on terms recognizing 
 
 * Said to be Mrs. John Ritchie, whose husband they took prisoner. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS. 165 
 
 the independence of the revolted colonies whs received at first with 
 doubt and then with dismay in this town and county. Many who 
 gloried in the traditions of the Empire, men who themselves had helpe<l 
 to add to the common renown the achievements at Ijouisburju; or Quebec, 
 now happy in the reward of their services, as well as proud of their part 
 in contributing to the grand result which promised a lasting )...•.(' and 
 unfettered progress to their nationality in North America, found it 
 difficult to tolerate the idea that a territory so lately peopled liy 
 fellow-heirs of the same heritage of glory should l»e set up into an 
 independent and rival state, especially under the influence and patronage 
 of France, regarded by them as the hereditary enemy* of the British race 
 
 * The friends of liunuinity and civilization may well rejoice at tlie improved 
 relations that have existed Jtntweeii Kngland and France during tlie last three- 
 ({uartei's of u century, wliile they might imagine, from the tone of American 
 writers and s))eakers in tlie press imA in Congress, that tlie United States has 
 succeeded France as the arch-enemy of the British Empire and people. English 
 thinkers who, so far from reciprocating such a feeling, rejoice in the great prosperity 
 of the Republic, console themselves that such utterances are hut the device of 
 politicians to " catch the Irish vote"; and when Senator Ingalls a few years ago 
 declared in his jilace that England had alwaj-s been "a very devil amongst the 
 nations," the Canadian and British press jumped to the conelusicm, and lost no time 
 in announcing that he was a Fenian fresh from the dynamite plots of the Irish 
 Invincibles, whereas he is a descendant of one of the Lincolnshire founders of Lynn, 
 Mass., a graauateof Williams College, Mass., and probably of as pure English blood 
 as the average native Englishman himself. In our public demonstrations at national 
 festivals and the like, imr people seek to show a fraternal feeling, as well as to pay a 
 compliment to American visitors, bj- displaying the American Hag beside our own. 
 Woe betide the unfortunate man who should attemjit to similarly honour the British 
 Hag in the United .States. The partial instruction imparted for generations to the 
 youth of the country in their common school )>ooks and in Fourth of July orations, 
 replete as these are with bitter and often untruthful invectives, is largely the cause 
 of this unnatural feeling. A large propo'tion (shall I say, a large majority) of the 
 American pi-ess exploit a pinchbei;k patriotism l)y proclaiming that Great Britain 
 and the United States are natural enemies, carefully withhold the Canadian side of 
 the case and misrepresent the issue in any (piestion that arises between the two 
 governments, and ])ropound liostilitj- to Vireat Britain and everything British, 
 especially to Canada as part of the Empire, as a primary duty of American citizen- 
 ship. In the Civil War Iwtween the United States and the !;.'outhern Confederacy, 
 American troops were freely allowed to pass by rail over (^inadian territory from 
 Windsor to the Susjiension Bridge at Niagara Falls, to save time and expense in 
 bringing them from the Western States and territories to the seat of war ; but a few 
 years later, when our first North- West rebellion broke out, the force sent from 
 Ontario and the stores which accomjianied it had to be disembarked at Sault Ste. 
 Marie an<l carried around the rapids, with great delay, in consequence of the refusal 
 of the (iovernment of the United States to permit tliem to pass through the St. 
 Mary's Canal, although the lives of all the white settlers at Fort (Jarry, at the 
 mercy of half-breeds and savage bands, depended on their jirompt arrival. And 
 yet ii'c. are denounced in the United States Senate anil jircss as unneighbourly 1 
 After Canada had consented to a treaty respecting the fisheries, which President 
 Cleveland pronounced to be perfectly just and satisfactory, in lieu of an old one 
 of which his people complained, and it was rejected by the United States Senate, 
 the same President announced to Congress that matters had reached a point at 
 which it became. their dr^y to <h) all they could to injure Canada ! Sad wcuhl it 
 be, and a disgrace to our coninion humanity, if we should ever be provoked into 
 allowing these feelinsjs to become mutual. Let our rulers, as heretofore, stand 
 strictly within our rights, and let our rulers and people persevere in extending the 
 olive branch, and leave a monopoly of unstatesmanlike hostility and unworthy 
 jealousy to such of oui' neighbours as deem it not inconsistent with the <lignity of a 
 great nation to cherish and evince such sentiments. 
 
166 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 and nation. Deprecating the end at which the extreme revolutionists 
 aimed, they were aghast at its unexpected accomplishment. Following 
 fast on the unwelcome news came the living witnesses of its truth in the 
 swarms of exiled and destitute Loyalists who reached the port. To 
 these it was no figment of the poet, but a stern and disastrous fact, that 
 
 " Honour may be deemed dishonoui', 
 Loyalty be called a crime." 
 
 In modern times the clemency of Anglo-Saxon governments has generally 
 spared discomfited rebels the penalties to which they are subjected 
 by the laws alike of civilized and barbarous nations. During the 
 American revolution it was the paradoxical lot of thopf^ who strove to 
 uphold legally constituted authority in their respective localities, to suffer 
 these very penalties in no mild or diluted measure. Assured in their 
 best judgment and consciences that the circumstances did not warrant 
 a resort to arms, and that to oppose with arms the national government 
 were treason and rebellion, alike a crime against human and divine laws 
 — if they shrank from doing so, or showed favour to authority, they found 
 themselves amenable to formal indictment, trial and condemnation as 
 traitors and rebels. To espouse one side in the unhappy struggle 
 involved them in the guilt of treason ; to favour the other exposed them 
 to its penalties, applied and enforced by the provincial authorities, 
 where these were controlled by the insurgents, acting in advance of 
 established and recognized national existence and autonomy. Even 
 when the outrage of executions, instead of the milder punishment of 
 attainder, confiscation and banishment, followed these travesties of the 
 application of the law of crimen Iwsff majestatis, the Mother Country, 
 divided in her councils, with weak officers in the field, and devoted to the 
 policy of merciful measures to restore revolted subjects to allegiance and 
 union, preferred proposals to reprisals, and conducted the war in a vacil- 
 lating and irresolute spirit. But the regular, if illegal, action of judges 
 and juries, and acts of attainder were not all that the unfortunate 
 Loyalist had to dread. In the absence of these he was exposed to revolt- 
 ing outrages at the hands of lawless mobs, who, unrestrained, if not 
 encouraged by those who had grasped authority, set at naught all the 
 dictates of reason and humanity. Nor did the honest attempt to observe 
 a strict neutrality shield his person from violence or his property from 
 spoliation ; and Quakers, whose religious tenets held war in abhorrence in 
 any case, were whipped* for refusing to fight, or hanged for alleged favour 
 to the Government, which had afforded them protection, while it claimed 
 their fealty. The spirit of the insurgents may be discerned in the 
 
 •"Jouraal of the Life ami La?)ourB of William Savery, Minister, etc.," p 17. 
 Savery " Genealogy," p. 147. Carlyle and Roberts executed at Philadelphia in 
 
 777. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 167 
 
 conduct of those who invaded Cumberland in 1776, when they seized 
 and carried away the resident Church of England minister, and kept 
 him a prisoner for sixteen months, although as Nova Scotia had not 
 asserted hev independence, there could be no question of this non- 
 combatant's loyalty toward his Provincial Government as well as the 
 Imperial. The American author of the " Frontier Missionary," referring 
 to the Loyalist clergy, says : " Should a crisis occur when the citizens of 
 one of the United States shall be compelled to choose between the 
 command of his own State and that of the Federal Government, the 
 position of those clergymen may then be i;ppreciated." Seven years after 
 these words were written the crisis came. Have American writers 
 learned the lesson? 
 
 In negotiating the treaty of peace the British Government earnestly 
 pressed the United States for reparation to the Ijoyalists, or their 
 restoration to the property and estates so unjustly plundered and 
 confiscated, only to Ije told by the American Commissioners that the 
 General Congress, which alone they represented, had no authority to 
 make this concession, but could only recommend it to the governments 
 of the respective States, in whom the necessary power resided, each 
 state being entirely independent of the others. As a matter of form the 
 promised recommendation was made, and except in the case of Georgia, 
 which tardily and partially complied, it was met in the several legisla- 
 tures with contempt and expressions of contumely toward the sufferers ; 
 and redress was refused, in contravention of the usages of civilized 
 nations to extend amnesty and restoration of civil rights to defeated 
 combatants who make due submission to the authority of the successful 
 party in a civil war. Meanwhile, as American publicists and diplomats 
 have freely with an affectation of gratitude admitted, Gieat Britain 
 generously "endowed"* the new republic with "gigantic boundaries" 
 for the sake of " reconciliation," as Lord Shelburne is reported to have 
 said, and in the conviction that perpetual amity would thenceforth exist 
 between peoples so identified in religion and blood, and with a community 
 of moral and material interests, and so recently estranged through the 
 policy of their respective rulers. This territorial concession was designed 
 to give room for the development and expansion of a great nation, 
 united in alliance, if not in allegiance, with the parent State. " Recon- 
 ciliation," exclaimed Franklin, perhaps with more ingeniousness than 
 ingenuousness, " that is a sweet word." But he asked too much, when 
 not satisfied with a vast and most valuable territory outside the limits 
 of the thirteen colonies, he pleaded as a particularly gracious gift for the 
 cession of all Canada, thus proposing to cooji up the impoverished 
 Loyalists and their families within very narrow limits indead. And 
 
 * Hon. John Jay. 
 
IG8 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 unfortunately the concessions actually iwule did not close the door to 
 .sul)se(|uent boundary tlisputes which have brought war clouds to the 
 hori/on more than once in our day, and liappy would it be if these 
 were confined to boundaries in which the two nations are really con- 
 cerned, ft is to be deplored that the early annals of the young uieuiber 
 of the family of nations, destined to such material, if not moral, great- 
 ness, should have been stained by such treatment of those whose only 
 crime was their conscientious adherence to a lost cause : a cause hallowed 
 to their hearts by the traditions of the ages, and identified in their minds 
 with the true interests of their country ; but it was on the part of the 
 new republic a policy as short-sighted as it was vindictive, for it was of 
 untold advantage to the loyal provinces by driving to these shores a large 
 body of subjects, intensely, and b}' force of circumstances, more intensely, 
 devoted to British institutions and the unity and perpetuity of the 
 Empire. I make these remarks with no desire to keep alive or encourage 
 a feeling of national resentment in the bosoms of any of our people. 
 Nothing could be more irrational or unchristian-like than for people to 
 quarrel because their forefathers tjuarrelled on the issues tliat disturbed 
 the harmony of men in the distant past, or for a person to hate anothei- 
 l)ecause the latter's ancestor two or three generations ago did the 
 ancestor of the former wrong ; and what is folly in the individual is only 
 aggravated folly and wickedness in the multitude. But the facts 
 regarding the Loyalists and the reason of their coming here are in 
 danger of being lost sight of, through their suppression in the most 
 popular American Iwoks on the history of those days ; and I would fail 
 in my duty if I did not correct the error so widely prevalent that our 
 Loyalist ancestors came here of their own free-will, prompted only by a 
 sentimental and silly fondness for royalty, instead of the necessity to 
 escape pauperism, or even imprisonment or death in their native 
 provinces. Halifax, Shelburne, St. John and Annapolis (there being 
 then no houses at Digb}' to afford them adequate shelter) were the ports 
 most easily accessible to the expatriated Loyalists, and to these they 
 flocked in great numbers, hoping, with the aid of the Goveriunent in 
 whose loj'al service they had lost all, to repair, in part at least, their 
 shattered fortunes, and to secure for their posterity, with better guarantees 
 of permanence and of just administration, the blessings of law and con- 
 stitutional freedom under the flag which, as a national symbol, was as 
 dear to them as the flag of " the Union" was to any northern volunteer 
 during the second but less successful American rebellion. Unlike the 
 fiist English-speaking settlers in the country, they brought with them 
 nothing but stout hearts and strong and willing hands, and in many 
 cases mental gifts and culture which added richly to the intellectual, if 
 not material, wealth of the young cor:munity. Their chief men were from 
 
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 169 
 
 the very flower of old colonial society, and there were among them 
 representatives of every national origin and every religious creed to be 
 traced among the old colonial population. The author of a small treatise 
 published anonymously at Edinburgh in 1787, tntilled "The Present 
 State of Nova Scotia," asserts that Annapolis received an accession of 
 2,500 by this migration, which increased the extent of the town to six 
 times its former area, with a population larger than it ever before 
 possessed. 
 
 To give a more accurate account I will quote from Mr. Bailey'.s 
 journals an(i letters, as reproduced in the biography leferred to. On his 
 arrival in 1782, he puts the population of Annapolis Royal at 120, 
 comprised, as he said in a letter written five years later, in eighteen 
 families, with a considerable numVjer of French in the neighbourhood. 
 Late in October of that year nine transports, convoyed by two men-of- 
 war, arrived, bringing five hundred Loyalist refugees, by whom, Mr. 
 Bailey says, " every habitation is crowded, and many are unable to 
 procure any lodgings. Many of these dibcressed people left large [con- 
 fiscated] possessions in the rebellious colonies, and their sufferings on 
 account of their loyalty and their pre.sent uncertain and destitute con- 
 dition render them very aft'ecting objects of compassion." In October, 
 1783, he mentions the arrival of nearly one thousand people from New 
 York, and in November 1,500 more, " in affecting circumstances, fatigued 
 with a long and stormy passage, sickly and destitutes of shelter from the 
 advance of winter." "Several hundreds are .stowed in our church, and 
 larger numbers are still unprovided for." The 57th I'egiment of troops 
 also arrived this autumn. A small unfurnished apartment, he said, cost 
 $3.00 per week rent. He states, on November Cth, 1783, that "the 
 population of the country," when he arrived in Annapolis, was about 
 1,500, including French. Since that, between three and four thousand 
 had been added and several new settlements formed. In 1784 the 
 court-house and every store and private building was crowded with 
 people, so that he was obliged to perform divine service at several miles' 
 distance or at his own habitation. In letters of May 10th and 11th, 
 1787, Mr. Bailey reports that many people have removed from the 
 several towns in this county upon their farms, so that Annapolis contains 
 only forty-five families including negroes, few of them in affluent circum- 
 stances, and many poor, with about five times as many in the county 
 under his care. He describes a journey to Clements in the autumn of 
 this year for the purpose of marrying Shippey Spurr and Alicia Van 
 Voorhies, going out to Lequille to cross the river at the head of the 
 tide, and proceeding by a circuitous route over " horrid broken roads, so 
 encumbered with rocks, holes and gullies, roots of trees and windfalls 
 and sloughs, that the passage was extremely difficult and dangerous," 
 
170 HISTORY OF ANN\POLIS. 
 
 crossing Moose River also at the head of the tide, making the whole 
 journey twelve miles. 
 
 The Ijoyalists not only soon removerl " upon their farms," or grants of 
 land allotted to them in various sections of the county, including the 
 western, or Digby section, but soon crossed to St. John, then Parrtown, 
 and settled there or up the St. John River, and at Fredericton, and some 
 after a longer or shorter stay in the county, went to Upper Canada, 
 where the names of not a few, who had pceviously sojourned in this 
 county, became afterwards famous.* 
 
 Under date 1785, Murdoch relates a circumstance of which I can find 
 no tradition among the inhabitants, and no mention in any note of the 
 author, nor does the name of the magistrate occur in contemporary lists 
 of justices: "At Annapolis a plot was discovered. One Young had 
 fifty desperate fellows under his command, and they had settled a plan to 
 be carried out on the Queen's birthnight. While the principal 
 inliabitants were at the anniversary ball or assembly they were to 
 murder Justice Bunhill,t plunder the town, and convey the pillage on 
 board a vessel to Boston. Young was arrested and confined in the jail at 
 Annapolis." In 1787 a new road to connect the old capital with 
 Shelburne was commenced ; John Ritchie, Thomas Williams and 
 Alexander Howe were the commissioners for the expenditure of the 
 money, and John Harris, M.P.P., the contractor. In 1789, on motion of 
 Mr. Potter, £40 was voted by the Grand Jury toward building a bridge 
 over AUain's Creek, and David Seabury, Douwe Ditmars, John Rice and 
 William Winniett were appointed commissioners to build it. The 
 bridge, which stood on the site of the present one, was not finished until 
 1802, when the sum of £200 was granted by the Legislature foi- that 
 purpose. 
 
 In 1791 the Province found itself in debt to the amount of some 
 $40,000 or .$50,000. It was resolved to pay off this debt, and an Act 
 was therefore passed, commonly known as the " Capitation Tax Act," by 
 which all the male inhabitants over twenty-one years old should be taxed, 
 non-landholders not more than fifty cents per head, and landholders not 
 more than .$2.00. The author expresses himself as being so fortunate as 
 to find, among the archives of the Province, the return made by the 
 
 •Christopher, father of Sir John Beverley Robinson, Bart. , Chief Justice of Upper 
 Canada, settled in Wilniot, leaving a kinsman (nephew, I think), who came with 
 him, in Digby, among whose granachildren is the present postmaster there. The 
 grandfather of Hon. William McDougall, C.B. , one of the first cabinet of the 
 Dominion, lived thirteen or fourteen years in Digby. A Mr. Eakins received a 
 grant of 1,200 acres near Digby, but removed to western Canada where his posterity 
 are prominent men. One line of the family, in which the spelling of the name has 
 been changed, has given to the public service the Hon. J. C. Aikins, member of the 
 Privy Council, Governor, of Ontario, etc. 
 
 t Isaac Bonnell was a Justice of the Peace and lay Justice of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, but lived in Digby. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 171 
 
 assessors of this township under this law. This paper gives the names of 
 those persons who were liable to be taxed under its provisions, and will 
 enable us, by comparing its contents with those of the census of 1770, to 
 ascertain what families had been added to the population of the township 
 from that year to 1792, in which the return was miule. Below are the 
 names given arranged in alphabetical order ; 
 
 Akir, James. 
 Aldridge, Chrintopher. 
 
 Bacon, Lewiii. 
 Bacon, Stephen. 
 Bailey, Rev. Jacob. 
 Baker, Henry. 
 Baker, Jacob. 
 Baker, John. 
 Balcom, Isaac. 
 Balcom, John. 
 Balcom, Silas. 
 Baltick, William. 
 Bancroft, Jeremiah. 
 Banks, Thomas. 
 Barclay, Thomas. 
 Bass, John. 
 Bass, Joseph. 
 Bass, Joseph, jun. 
 Bass, William. 
 Beals, Abel. 
 Beanlman, Andrew. 
 Beardsley, Abraham. 
 Bennett, David. 
 Bent, David. 
 Bent, William, 
 Bertaux, John. 
 Bertaux, Pliilip. 
 Bertaux, William. 
 Biehler, Andrew. 
 Bonnett, David. 
 Bonnett, Isaac. 
 Bi-oflley, Mark. 
 Brenton, Charles. 
 Brothers, Samuel. 
 Brown, Andrew. 
 Brown, John. 
 Bruce, Daniel. 
 Brymer, David. 
 Bulkely, John. 
 Burkett, Alexander. 
 Burkett, Jo|^n, sen. 
 Burkett, John, jun. 
 
 Carter, James. 
 C!handler, John. 
 Charlcton, Huiajjlirey. 
 Chipnian, Thos. Hanley. 
 Chivoree, John. 
 Clark, David. 
 Clark, Oideon. 
 Clark, Uriah. 
 Comeau, Antliony. 
 Comeau, Jose. 
 Croneen, Matthew. 
 Cooper, Rev. John. 
 Copeland, William. 
 Corl>et, Isaiah. 
 Corbett, Alvan. 
 Cornwell, Thomas. 
 Cousins, Joseph. 
 Cross, William. 
 Cushing, Benjamin. 
 Cutler, Ebenezer. 
 
 Daniels, Asa. 
 Daniels, Ephraim. 
 Daniels, Joseph. 
 Darnford, Thomas. 
 Davies, George. 
 Davoue, Frederic. 
 Delancey, James (Col. ). 
 Delancey, Stephen. 
 Dickson, Robert. 
 Dummaree, Thomas. 
 Dyer, John. 
 
 Eager, James. 
 Easson, David. 
 Easson, Thomas. 
 Easson, Widow. 
 Emerson, Joseph. 
 Engles (Ingles) William. 
 
 Favin, Benjamin. 
 Featherly, — 
 Felch, Daniel. 
 
 Fisher, Nathaniel. 
 Fowlei', Francis, 
 Frairey, Peter. 
 Francis, William. 
 Franks, Christopher. 
 Fraser, James. 
 
 (jarratt, R. 
 
 Gates, John. 
 
 Gates, Jonas. 
 
 (iedree (Guidri) Augustin, 
 
 sen. 
 Gedree, Augustin, jun. 
 Gedree, Peter. 
 Gedree, Phillis. 
 Gill, Thomas. 
 Godfrey, Robert. 
 Graves, Elias. 
 Graves, Phineas. 
 Gray, William, 
 (ireen, James. 
 
 Haight, Ambrose. 
 Hall, John. 
 Hall, Joseph. 
 Hardwick, Henry. 
 Hardwick, Henry, jun. 
 Hardwick, John. 
 Harris, Benjamin. 
 Harris, John. 
 Heaton, John. 
 Henderson, Andrew. 
 Hendry, William. 
 Hibbs, James. 
 Hicks, Benjamin. 
 Hicks, Thomas. 
 Hicks, Weston. 
 Hood, John. 
 Hoofman, John. 
 Hooper, Ezekiel. 
 Hooper, Jonathan. 
 Hovey, John. 
 Hoyt, Capt. Jesse. 
 
172 
 
 HISTOIIV OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Jetferaon, Robert. 
 •Jiiliii, 'riioiniiH. 
 •JohiiMoii, ThoinuH, jiiii. 
 JohiiHtim, I'cter. 
 Johiixton, Toby. 
 
 Kidit, Aroil. 
 Kent, Lain, 
 K.vmIi, Antliony (loorge. 
 
 Liuigley, John. 
 Limgley, John, jiin. 
 Liinglcy, Nathaniiil. 
 Liingk-y, Williatn. 
 Latliwait, .lunie.s. 
 Lecain, F^iuncis, sen. 
 Lt.-oain, FrancJH. 
 Lecain, Jack. 
 Lcetvin, John, 
 Lecain. Thomas. 
 Le(:ain, William. 
 Little, Peleg. 
 Livesey, William. 
 Lovett, Col. 
 Lovett, Phineas, jiiii. 
 Lowere, George. 
 Loyall, James, 
 
 Manga r, Peter. 
 Marshall, Solomon. 
 Martin, Michael, 
 Mason, .Joseph, 
 McDonald, William. 
 McLaren, Neil. 
 McNamara, John. 
 Mes.singer, Ebenezer. 
 Mes.singer, Ebenezer, jiui. 
 Messinger, Henry. 
 Messinger, .John, jun. 
 Michael, Harry. 
 MidtUeton, VVilham. 
 Millei', Richardson. 
 Milligan, Patrick. 
 Morse, Abnor. 
 Morse, Abner, jun. 
 Morse, Daniel. 
 Moody, .Tames. 
 Morse, Obadiah. 
 Morse, •Samuel. 
 Morse, Silas. 
 Mott, Charles. 
 Munroe, George. 
 
 Nichols, Richard, 
 
 Oakes, .Jesse, 
 O'Hrine, John. 
 Oliver, David. 
 
 Page, William. 
 Parker, Xathaniel. 
 Payson, Jiinatlian. 
 J'hinney, /a(^cheus. 
 Pickett, (Jlasgow. 
 Pickuj), (Jeorge. 
 Plato, Roljert. 
 Polheinus, John, jun. 
 Poole, John. 
 I'rince, lienjamin. 
 Prince, William. 
 Pryor, John. 
 
 Randall, David. 
 Randolph, Robert Fit/.. 
 Randolph, Samuel Fitz. 
 Ray, Moses. 
 Rhodes, William. 
 Rice, Kbenezer. 
 Rice, John. 
 Rice, Joseph. 
 Rice, Silas. 
 Rice, Timothy. 
 Ried, John. 
 Ritchie, Andrew. 
 Ritchie, Andrew, jun. 
 Ritchie, James. 
 Ritchie. John. 
 Ritchie, Matthew. 
 Ritchie, Thomas. 
 Roach, John. 
 Rol)ertson, John. 
 Robertson, .John, sen. 
 Robertson, William. 
 Robinson, Eilward. 
 Robin.son,.John, jun. 
 Robinson, Jonathan. 
 
 Sanders, Daniel. 
 Sanders, John. 
 Sanders, Pardon. 
 Scarborough, W^illiam. 
 Seabury, David. 
 Sharry, Joseph. 
 Shutsor, Niekolas. 
 Simpson, Benjamin. 
 Simpson, Henry. 
 
 iSinclair, Frederic. 
 Smith, Jonathan, 
 Sneden, Lawrence. 
 Spencer, Luke. 
 .Spurr, Michael. 
 Spurr, Thomas. 
 Street, Ebenezer. 
 Street, Samuel. 
 
 Tattersall, James. 
 Totten, Mrs, Susanna, 
 Totten, Peter, 
 Tufts, William E. 
 Tupper, Asa. 
 Tupper, Elisha. 
 Tupper, Minor. 
 
 V'anlilarcom, Alfred. 
 VanHorn, I^awronce. 
 Viditoe, Jesse. 
 
 Walker, Peter. 
 Walker, Thomas. 
 Waller, Joseph. 
 Ward, James. 
 Ward, Jonas. 
 Warner, Noah. 
 Watson, Francis. 
 Watts, (John. 
 VV'eoks, Elijah. 
 Weeks, Henry. 
 Wolton, Bethel. 
 Welton, Er . 
 Welton, E/i ,>iel. 
 Wheelock, Elias. 
 Wheclock, Joseph. 
 Wheelock, Obadiah. 
 Whitman, Daniel. 
 Whitman, Edward. 
 Whitman, Jacob. 
 Whitman, John. 
 Williams, Thomas. 
 Wilkinson, Francis. 
 Wilson, Ijconard. 
 Winchester, John. 
 Winchester, Nathan. 
 Winchestei-, William. 
 Winniett, Joseph. 
 Winniett, Matthew. 
 Wiswell, Peleg. 
 Wolseley, Robert. 
 Woodruff, Jabez. 
 Worthylake, Ebenezer. 
 
IIISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS. 173 
 
 Many (if tliest' were men of culture and a peculiar refineinent of 
 manners, such as distinguislied those remembered by the j,'eneration now- 
 passing' away, as "gentlemen of the old scIkmiI ;" scrupulously exact in 
 points of etiquette, even in the common transactions of everyday life, 
 and of unlMMuling, yet suave dignity, and keen sense of himour ; and their 
 liomes weie centres of a social life and hospitality of a graceful and 
 •lignified typt; in the old town, when its glory as a cajtital had departed. 
 Some filled conspicuous positions in the |H>litics and statesmanship of the 
 Province, and will he duly mentioned later in the biographical memoirs 
 of members of the Provincial Parliament. Quite a number, esjiecially of 
 those who were the most eminent, left no posterity bearing their names ; 
 at least, their names have in process of time disappeared from our 
 census rolls. Others left .sons and daughters whose descendants still 
 continue among us, or are to be found in othei- townships in this or the 
 neighlx)uring counties, where they bid fair to transmit their respective 
 patronymics to many a generation. 
 
 The circuits of the Supreme Court were established in 1774, the law 
 then passed retjuiring the Judges to sit in Cumberland, Horton and 
 Annapolis, five days in each place. References are made in the record;*^ 
 of the Grand Jury to a court-house in the town, the foundation of which 
 needed repairs in 1786, but by later records it would appear that the 
 Court of Sessions* in and previous to 1791 hired for a court-house a 
 building belonging to Mr. Joseph Winniett In the last-named year a 
 dispute arose Ijetween the Court and Mr. Winniett's executrix about the 
 amount of rent charged, and the Grand Jury recommended the acceptance 
 of an offer from Mr. Frederic Sinclair, innholder, of his "large room 
 below stair.s," for the purpose of holding the Supreme and Inferior courts 
 and t'ssions. On being urged by the Bench they paid the amount 
 claimed, but on September 27th, 1791, they voted the sum of .£400 
 for the erection of a building for a new jail and court-house, and appointed 
 Mcssi;-. Douwe Ditmars, Andrew Ritchie and George Cornwall a com- 
 mittee to see to its erection. In May, 1792, £300 more was voted, and 
 in September, 1793, the building lieing nearly completed, the further sum 
 of £165 was voted to complete it, and in 1796, provision was mode for 
 adding a wing for a kitchen. The subsequent fate of this building and 
 the erection of its successor will appear in Chapter XVI., where events 
 more properly belonging to the history of the county at large will be 
 narrated. The jail, which had been in charge of Mr. John Roach, stood 
 
 * Formerly the municipal authority of the county, consisting of the Bench or 
 Court of Magistrates, presided over by the Custoa and the Grand Jury, selected 
 substantially as now. The latter recommended or "presented" all money appro- 
 priations to the Court, and recommended two men for every municipal office, out of 
 whom the Court 8electe<l one. 
 
174 HisTORy or annapolih. 
 
 near the Kite of the prcMent Dominion building, on land belonging to the 
 Church or to tiie Rev. Mr. Biiiley, to wh(»ni the county paid rent. 
 
 In 1791, "the stock in the town of AnnapoliH being out of repair, tlie 
 (Jrand Jury have nominated Anthony George Kynhe, Em(|., Isaac Honnett 
 and Joseph Cousins a committee to repair the same, and to fix them 
 between the church and the town pump, or any other public place as may 
 seem most convenient to said committee," The town pump was a little 
 to the southwani of the site of the Dominion building, and the church a 
 little to the northward of it. The next reference to the stocks was in 
 1801 when the Grand Jury " [)resent8 " the necessity of an inquiry into 
 the ferry rents, " the money arising from said ferry to l)o appropriated to 
 the erection of a pair of stocks and pillory, and the residue to the 
 <)ccasi«mal repair of the county house;" and the last was an order in 
 1803 that they should be erected near the court-house. 
 
 The war with France, under the Republic, having begun in 1793, three 
 iMMlies of militia were raised in the county — one by Colonel Barclay in this 
 portion of the county ; one by Colonel Millidge, in Digby, and one by 
 Colonel Taylor in the western section, the latter consisting wholly or 
 mostly of Acadians of Clare. Colonel Barclay offered the services of the 
 men under his command to repair part of the old works at Annapolis, 
 "so as to make a small, snug, complete redoubt, on the most commanding 
 situation ; " and the next year a supply of cannon and ammunition 
 arrived at the fort, and in 1795, the fortress being much dilapidated, and 
 the platforms rotten and untenable, the Lieut. -Governor, Sir John 
 Wentworth, applie<l to His Royal Highness Prince Edward, Duke of 
 Kent, as Commander-in-Chief, stating that £120 would suthce to repair 
 the west angle, so that the place would be secure from any desultory 
 assault or piratical enterprise, privateers under French colours being 
 engaged in harassing colonial commerce. The Governor himself visited 
 the town in the autumn. 
 
 On July 9th, 1794, Hog Island (now called by the more euphonious 
 name of " Bay View ") was granted to Robert Dickson, David Bonnett, 
 and John Burkett, in trust for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of 
 Annapolis. This place was used from the earliest settlement as the scene 
 of public executions, until the law required the death sentence to be 
 carried out within the precincts of the prison, beyond the morbid gaze of 
 the public. 
 
 The following, copied from the original in the possession of R. L. 
 Hardwick, Es(i., will be interesting as showing who conducted the civic 
 affairs of our forefathers " a hundred years ago " : 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS. 
 
 175 
 
 A List ok Town OKricKKs, Xominatrd iiv tiik (}RANn Jikv and ArroiNTin 
 
 IIV TlIK ('(U'BT, Al'KII. TkKM, 1707, roK TO HKKVK TOR OnK VkaR. 
 
 Stupliuii Du Lnnvy 
 
 Ki'fdk. Uovoo 
 
 I'ai'dnii Hiiiitloi'H 
 
 Minor Tii|i|iur 
 
 iluiiicH Kiigvr 
 
 VVilliiini CroMH 
 
 ThoH. LeCitiii ' 
 
 Ht'iij. Hiinis 
 
 SpciKH'i' WiiichoHter 
 
 Kx«ki)!l Mi'HHfiiger 
 
 K/.clr'ol Clevuliiiid 
 
 Diivi'l hontiutt 
 
 JeNHe Huyct 
 
 •lolin Kied 
 
 SiliiH Hoyet 
 
 Oliediiih Moi'MO 
 
 Anu Bent 
 
 Kltinzr. Cutlar 
 
 ClmrleH Wortliyliike 
 
 RoliL-rt VVoluHloy . 
 
 Klijiih Weeks 
 
 Isaac Baloonie 
 
 Thos. Bartaux 
 
 Benjn, Fern 
 
 John MeHsengtT 
 
 .John W. TuiftH 
 
 Robert Dickson 
 
 Minor Tupper 
 
 ThoH. Walker 
 
 Andrew Ritchie 
 
 \ndw. Ritchie 
 
 John Biirkett 
 
 John Roach 
 
 Jt)hn Rice 
 
 Jahex Woodroft' 
 
 Kbinzr. Cuthir 
 
 Benjn. Fern 
 
 Uaniel Whitman 
 
 Michael Martin 
 
 Jonas Gates 
 
 Andrew Ritchie 
 
 Israel Potter \ 
 
 John Ried > 
 
 John ( iates J 
 
 Wni. Robertson 
 
 Wni. Winniett ^ 
 
 Henry Hardwick 
 
 Jesse Hoyet 
 
 Elisha Tupper 
 
 Richard Ruggles 
 
 Timothy Rice 
 
 KdM'ard Whitman 
 
 Nath. Parker 
 
 Isaac Bonett 
 
 By 
 
 OverMeem qf the Poor. 
 
 Town Clerk, 
 
 CmulahleH, 
 
 Anne/morv, 
 
 ColltrtoTM. 
 
 :) 
 
 Sun-eyor of J lay. 
 
 Culler of StnvfH. 
 
 Sraler of Weiij/Ui and Meairurea, 
 
 Jfoyy Reeves. 
 
 County Treasurer, 
 Pound Keeper, 
 
 Superrisorn Common Marsh. 
 
 Clerk of Market. 
 Culler of Finh. 
 Scaler of Leather. 
 
 Surveyors of Land, 
 
 Fence Viewers. 
 
 Oawjer. 
 
 Overseers of Fishery. 
 
 Inspector of Pickled Fish. 
 
 \ Overseers of Highivays. 
 
 Inspector of Smoked Herring. 
 
 order. 
 
 Wm. Winniett, Clerk. 
 
176 MISTOHV lih ANNAPOMS. 
 
 On the Iwck of thin inNtniriu'iit is written, "Mr. VViliiiun Cro«H,*T<)wn 
 Clerk, Annapolis." 
 
 1804. At tin* (Mill i>t' till' sci'unil I'l'titury in th« hixtory of AnnupoliH 
 wu will piiUHft to ^iv«i what account is |M>sHil)lu of th« conilition of its 
 chief town anil its environs as it •■xistcii in this Y*''t>'. I^ spr<>ail in 
 u stni}(^linx wjiy from the cape to the " lanil's end " at Ilo;^ Islanil ; 
 Colonel Stephen l>e I^incey had a dwelling in the latter section, which 
 occupi<)d H site near the present (^^atholic jjlehehouse ; here, t<K), was 
 the place of ahiMle and Imsiness of he Davieses, and near the head of 
 the ferry-slip was the hardware store and wart^house of Stephen Snellen, 
 the tirst iroiunon^er in the village; and nearly opposite Nto<Kl. the 
 residence of Rev. Jacob Bailey, and near to it but a little to the 
 southward, where the railway crosses St. (Jeorge Street to reach the pier, 
 and on the east side of the street, stoinl the church, dedicateil to the 
 memory of St. Luke. Adjoining; the premises of Mr. Hailey was the 
 resiihince of William Roln^rtson, siHJti afterwards M.P.P. and Colonel of 
 the Militia. A little Ut the eastward of the old railway station was the 
 home of the Widow Cooper, which some ttMi years l)efore she had 
 inherited under the will of Joseph Cossins, Jier father. Slie was an only 
 child, and from this date, as liefore, occupied a first place in the society 
 of the town. Next to her house, hut still farther to the .south, were two 
 of the oldest and l»est dwellinj,'s in the villaj^e, tlie houses of the late 
 Tljomas Williams and Joseph Wiiiniett. A little to the north on the 
 opp«>site side of the street was the Hecht or Haij^ht house which was at 
 the beginning of the century ownwl and occupied by the late David 
 Bonnett. John and Alexander Burkett, Loyalists from Pennsylvania, 
 owned and occupied the sites now covered by the .Vmerican Hotel and 
 Runciman's warehouse, respectively. The latter of these men was for 
 several years postmaster, the former a merchant in the town, and each 
 held for a short pericxl the otKce of High Sheriff. From this section of 
 the village southward to and including the cape, were the dwellings and 
 lots of the Ritchies — -Andrew, sen., and the sons of Andrew, sen., and of 
 John, who were lx)th natives of Scotland, and tlie latter of whom came 
 here as early as 1774, and Iwth of whom were engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits ; the Walkers, also Scotch, who came hither as naval officers 
 
 "William Cfuhh had iHten a prosperous stationer ami Ixiokbiniler in Boston. 
 Espoiiaing the loyal side in the war of the I'evolution, he entered as a private a 
 volunteer company of foot, and served under fJeneral Howe. He lost everything, 
 and was appointed stationer to the Royal Artillery Depai'tment in 1790. An 
 affidavit setting forth his services, sworn at Shelburne, August 18th, of that year, 
 by David Hlack, a lieutenant in the company, before William Bauld, J. P., is also in 
 the possession of Mr. Hardwiuk. He married Ann, daughter of the first Andi-ew 
 Ritchie, and died August, 1834, ageil 83, leaving three daughters, two maiden laiiies 
 and one Mrs. Fletcher, who became a widow, and these ladies long lived in what is 
 known as " the Cross House," still standing on the corner of St. Andrew and Drury 
 Sti-eets, repositories of much historical and traditionary lore which they were always 
 glad to comnninicate, but is now lost forever. 
 
■::i^-:ji£S^:smc^:^,::'mit:i: 
 
 Sir Wm. Johnstone Ritchik, 
 
 Chief .liintire of Canada, 
 
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 177 
 
 about 1757; the Wilkies, who came about the same time ; theLecains; the 
 Berteaux ; the Eassons, deacendatits cf Jolm Easson ; the Davoues, wliose 
 house stood near where the Baptist Church now stands ; the Cutlers, 
 Loyalists, who first settled in eastern New Brunswick, and had shortly 
 before removed here, where Ebenezer, the head of the family, was long 
 Deputy Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, while carrying on a general 
 store in the town ; the Dicksons, Loyalists, whose father had once been 
 sheriff of the county and collector of customs. John Howard Winslow, 
 a pre-loyalist settler, and Frederic Sinclair each kept an inn here as 
 early as 1782. Sinclair died in 1800, and his well-known old ho.stelry 
 was destroyed l\y fire a few years later. It stood on the east side of 
 St. George Street, next to the corner of Drury Street. Tlie Barclays 
 had removed to New York a few years before, and Doctor Henckel, 
 assistant surgeon m the army, had just become a settler in the town, 
 and in 1806 was appointed health officer. 
 
 In 1805 such a great scarcity of circulating medium was specially felt 
 in the town, that a petition for measures of relief was sent to the 
 Legislature. 
 
 In the session of 1805-6 of the Provincial Legislature, an Act was 
 passed providing a bounty for the seeding and clearing of new land, which 
 had the effect of adding over 1,000 acres to the cleared lands of the county 
 in a single year. The return made to the Government under this law in 
 1807 shows that the number of acres thus cleared in the township of 
 Annapolis was 296. 
 
 In 1808, on Wednesday, April 8th, the lOlst regiment commenced their 
 march from Halifax to Annapolis ; the war with France was still raging, 
 and (juestions arising out of it were disturbing the relations between 
 Great Britain and the United States; and the attention of the British 
 Government was again called by the Lieut. -Governor, Sir George Prevost, 
 to the dilapidated condition of the provincial defences generally, of 
 which he says, " ruin and desolatio*^," were " the characteristic features." 
 Events connected with the war of 1812 more properly belong to the 
 countj' at large ; but I may here record that a prosperous West India 
 business, very valuable to the town, wa^ inteiTupted and destroyed by 
 the outbreak of hostilities. On February 19th, 1809, Sir Charles Darling, 
 afterwards Governor of Victoria, was born in Annapolis. His father, 
 Lieut. -Colonel Darling, was then residing here in the capacity of com- 
 mandant of the garrison and inspecting field oriicer of the militia, which 
 position he held for several years. Three othc f natives of the town, who 
 received the hbnour of knighthood for distinguished services, or in 
 recognition of professional eminence. Sir William Fenwick Williams, Sir 
 William Robert Wolseley Winniett, and Sir William Johnstone Ritchie, 
 all belonging to old Annapolis families, will be mentioned in other 
 portions of this work. 
 12 
 
178 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Among the many events tlmt made the year 1815 memorable was the 
 great and decisive l)attle of Waterloo. On the arrival of the news of the 
 great victory, the joy of the people of Nova Scotia knew no bounds, and 
 in no part of the Province did that joy find a nobler expression than it 
 did in tlie riglit loyal old capital. The town was illuminated, and bon- 
 fires made to blaze in ever}' street, but its best manifestation is to be 
 found in the subscriptions of the people to the "Waterloo fund," the 
 object of which was to aid the parent Government in endeavouring to 
 relieve the distress caused by the otherwise glorious event. Tliese sul)- 
 scriptions in the township of Annapolis reached an amount etjuivalent to 
 $'676 of our money, by fifty-eight contributors, the largest of whom were 
 Colonel D. Herbert, and Phineas Lovett, jun., eacli •'?40 ; Rev. Cyrus 
 Perkins and Thomas Ritchie, M.P.P., each $22, and 8amuel Vetch Bayard, 
 George Henckel, surgeon, and Robert Fitz Randolph, each $20. 
 
 By an Act of the Legislature in 1811, Grammar schools were established 
 in seven counties and districts, including Annapolis ; the head masters 
 were each to be paid £100 a year, and the assistant, when over thirty 
 scholars attended, £30. Revs. John Millidge and Cyrus Perkins, and 
 Thomas Ritchie, Est]., were the first trustees of the Grammar School. A 
 Mr. Judge seems to have been the first master of the old academy. 
 Probably his immediate successor was Caleb A. Shreve, a graduate of 
 King's College, Wividsor, son of the Rev. Thomas Shreve, first Church 
 of England minister at Pansboro', and uncle of Thomas C. Shreve, Esq., 
 now mayor of Digby. He was succeeded by Mr. Watson, an Englishman, 
 I believe, who held the position some years. After him came the late 
 Charles Miller Forbes, who was Iwrn at Nairn, Scotland, June 30th, 
 1811, and graduated at the University of Aberdeen, and who had been 
 teaching at Antigonish before coming here in 1839. He was at the 
 head of the Annapolis Royal Academy over twelve years, after which he 
 went into business, and was later Registrar of Probate, until his death 
 in 1883. 
 
 As early as 1781 a very efiicient High School had been opened by 
 Benjamin Snow, a Loyalist, and graduate of Dartmouth College, who 
 was succeeded, before the spring of 1783, by John McNamara, also a 
 Loyalist, who had been one of the household of Rev. Mr. Bailey, and 
 probably educated in the higlier branches by him. He conducted this 
 school, and received the school grant of the great Church of England 
 "Society for the Propagation of the Gospel" until his death in 1798, 
 by which, as Bishop Charles Inglis said, " the community sustained a 
 considerable loss." He was also postmaster. 
 
 Ichabod Corbitt, toward the end of the last century, opened a school 
 and continued to instruct the youth of the town in the English branches 
 for the long period of sixty 3'ears, filling during a portion of the time 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 179 
 
 the position of second muster in the Academy. He lias left u consider- 
 able posterity, some of whom have been honourably conspicuous in the 
 mercantile and social life of the town. Later came Andrew Henderson 
 as teacher in the Academy, and of an independent or privato school, 
 and of a boarding school to be referred to hereafter. Mr. Henderson 
 migrated from Enniskillen, Ireland, to New Brunswick, early in 
 the century, spent a year or two there, and then removed to Wilmot, 
 thence to Bridgetown, and finally to Annapolis, where in his declining 
 years he filled the office of postmaster.* Mr. Augustus Fullerton, 
 still living among us, was lumoural)ly identified with the cause of 
 education in tiie town for a number of years, as a teacher, and is now 
 a useful member of the Board of Conmiissioners for the western section 
 of the county. The first Grammar School building probably stood 
 where its successor did cm the southern end of the White House field, 
 where a more commodious one was erected in 1827, precisely where 
 Mr. Hardwick's tenement house now stands, immediately to the north- 
 east of the overhead railway bridge. It received for many years a 
 vote of ^200 a year, which, with tuition fees, supported two 
 teachers. One teacher sometimes received the grant from the great 
 Church of England Society. On the introduction of the new school 
 law in I8G6, the building was sold, and the main part of it (exclusive 
 of the wings in which two junior departments were kept) now forms St. 
 Luke's Sunday School house. A building adapted to the reciuirements 
 of the new law was erected in its place, but as the demand for additional 
 room grew with the revived prosperity of the town, the present building, 
 formerly the mansion of the late Judge Ritchie, and known as "The 
 Grange," was purchased with the adjacent grounds, and fitted up in 1883. 
 The building of 1866 was in its turn, sold, and becoming the property of 
 Mr. A. H. Riordan, was moved and made an annex to the " Dominion 
 House " hotel, on Railway Street, with which it was consumed in the fire 
 that destroyed that block in 1887. 
 
 On August 11th, 1811, one acre of the "White House field," so called, 
 was granted for a church. This field had been granted in 1763, to 
 Honourables Richard Bulkeley and John Newton, in trust for fortifica- 
 tions, if necessary, but the Government in 1765 paid for it to Lieutenant 
 Christopher Aldridge, son of Major Christopher Aldridge, of the 40th foot, 
 who had long before, with the permission of the Government, bought it 
 from former French owners. In 1775 the people had, under the influence 
 of Mr. Wood, a pastor who was much beloved, commenced a new church, 
 60 by 40 feet in size, which in 1783 Mr. Bailey reported as still 
 unfinished, but provided with a steeple and bell. This church was opened 
 
 * All Mr. Ht'iiderson'a posterity bearing his name reside in other provinces. 
 Two grandsons, barristers in good standing, are in St. John, N.B. 
 
180 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 for divine service on Easter Day, 1784; but it would appear that the 
 bell was afterwards transferred to the court-house. Its site has been 
 already mentioned. The present church was opened in 1821, and the 
 spire was built in 1837. The first bell was hung in a sort of framework 
 in the angle back of the church near the chancel. After the spire was 
 built Judge Thomas Ritchie presented the church with a larger and more 
 suitable bell, in exchange for the old one, which he placed in one of his 
 outbuildings and used for the purpose of calling his farm labourers to 
 dinner. This second one was used for many years, and finally becoming 
 cracked, was sent to a foundry in Troy, New York, in part payment for 
 a new one. 
 
 The French, after the destruction of tliis church by the New England 
 troops in 1 707, worshipped for a time in a part of one of the buildings in 
 the fort, in which, however, they soon built a new church, but after the 
 English occupation a Roman Catholic church stood, it would seem, at the 
 extreme " land's end," so called, near where Mr. T. S. Whitman's large 
 buildings now stand. There is said to have been a footpath from the 
 cape along the side of the river in the rear of the properties on the east 
 side of St. George Street south, used by the French from the settlements 
 outside of the banlieue in going to and from divine service. The present 
 Catholic church edifice was built about 1834 or 1835. 
 
 I will here introduce an extract from an article written in 1826, a 
 portion of which was published in the Acadian Mayazine in that year : 
 
 " The town of Annapolis is Imilt on the extremity of ii peninsula, which, 
 projecting into the river, forms two beautiful basins, one alwve and the other 
 below the town ; there is one principal street on the bank of the river, with several 
 leading from it ; the houses generally look old and decayed ; on the roatl by the 
 cape is a tine wooilen house belonging to Thomas Ritchie, Esq.,* and another 
 built by Kov. Mr. Millidge,+ Rector of the parish. The church is very neat and 
 capacious, but it has neither spire nor liell. The court-house on the opposite side 
 of the road is furnished with a bell and bell-tower. The bell rings to call together 
 the parties when circuit court is held, when the magistrates and sheriff" with his con- 
 stables at the head, form a kind of procession in escorting the presiding judge to the 
 court-house on each day of sitting. The government liousc is a large w^ooden 
 building, where the officer in command of the garrison resi«les. The fort, built 
 by the French on their first occupying the soil, covers an area of twenty-eight 
 acres, the ramparts being raised with earth, and faced with sods ; which l)eing 
 cut out of the sandy soil (the whole neck between the two rivers being nothing 
 else) soon mouldered away, and some parts of the work needed repairing every 
 ,^_, spring. The English after taking possession, revested it all around with timber 
 
 V six or seven inches in diameter, to the proper height, covering them with ground 
 
 and sods. In the early days there were numerous buildings inside the enclosure, 
 including the (Jovernor's residence, and soldiers' barracks ; these being built of wood, 
 
 \ 
 
 •J 
 
 / V have all decayed, with the exception of the powder magazine, built at the first 
 
 I ^ha\ 
 
 * Now the County Academy. 
 
 t Now the residence of John H. Runciman, Esq. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 181 
 
 settlement. This hiiilding is of stone, tlie interior r)f a white variety of stone 
 brought from France, tlie exterior stone taken |)rol>ably from the country sur- 
 rounding the fort. Sul)ercase Imilt in addition a 8ec4)nd bomh-proof magazine, 
 capable of hoUling sufficient material for sustaining a long siege. I'his maga/.ine 
 served as the foundation of a (quadrangular brick edifice built afterwards by the 
 British, and occupied as a )>arracks for tiie soldiers. The old maga/.ine liuilt by the 
 early French is in excellent preservation, having been repaired by the Duke of Kent 
 at the time of building the brick barracks. The works which have l)een erected at 
 a very great expense, are now in a dilapidated condition ; the rampitrts dismantled 
 of the cannon, etc. There are now within the fort two ranges of wooden buildings 
 containing (juarters for the officers, the large brick barracks covering the l)omb- 
 proof magaxine l»efore mentioned as built by 8ul>erca8e in 1707, the old magazine 
 built in 1(542, a hospital, mess house, storehouses and armoury. These wooden 
 buildings were built by the British, supplementing the wooden buildings of the 
 French which succumbed to the ravages of time, and are all gone, except only the 
 venerable magazine built of stone." 
 
 Precisely when the fortifications of Annapolis Royal were first built 
 on their present site, it is impossible to state with accuracy. Ignorant of 
 the existence of the barns on the present site of the town, and of the niill 
 at what is now Lequille, Argall left them untouched. The barns were 
 amidst cornfields which we have seen were successfully planted in 1606. 
 We must remember that the name " Port Royal " was more properly 
 that of the port or harbour, and that all the scattered hamlets or clusters 
 of habitations around its shores would in early days be designated by the 
 one general name, until each attained sutticient growth and importance to 
 require a new one to distinguish it from the others. With cultivated fields 
 or gardens, and barns in which to store their products, for the use of 
 dwellers four or five miles distant, before a building had been erected on 
 the present site of Quebec, Annapolis is entitled to the palm of antiquity 
 over her larger and still more illustrious rival for the honour, even if no 
 regular dwelling houses were actually erected alongside of these barns and 
 gardens ; but ii is in the highest degree reasonable to suppose that where 
 there e.xisted barns and gardens there would also be some houses for occa- 
 sional, if not constant, use, in summer if not in winter, although the fort 
 on the site first selected was the real stronghold, and adapted by its situa- 
 tion to intercept an enemy coming up the river. Haliburton ( Vol. I., p. 
 38) in describing the interview between Argall and Biencourt, falls into 
 two errors, the one conse()uent on the other, locating the fort on its 
 present site, instead of where subsequent researches have shown it to 
 have been, and mistaking the creek and stream, in his day and ours called 
 the Lequille, for the main river then called L'Equille ; while Parkman 
 (" Pioneers of France," p. 287) probably follows Haliburton in saying " the 
 marauders went in boats up the river to the fields." Boats were not 
 necessary to ascend the main river, and it is absurd to suppose that they 
 would ascend the creek and small stream without destroying the buildings. 
 
182 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Father Biunl, whom Argall Iwought with him to the fort, and wliom 
 Biencourt and his followers accused of l)etraying them, does not in the 
 passage cited by Parkman (p. 288), pretend that his appeal on his knees 
 to Argall rendered him more lenient to the French for whom his mercy 
 was implored, but that it elevated him (the Father) in Argall's esteem, 
 ami secure<l him lietter consideration and protection. We must therefore 
 conclude that Argall only ascended the river far enough to destroy the 
 crops and buildings patent to his view, and wittingly .spared nothing. 
 Archbishop O'Brien's observations on this point, and touching the 
 continuity of the settlement ("Life of Bishop Burke," p. 46) are evidently 
 sound and judicious. I think it must l)e a.ssumed that from the year 
 1 607 the nucleus of a settlement had been growing with the other improve- 
 ments* on the present site, concurrently with that at the fortified post 
 below, and that here Biencourt shelteretl himself during the ensuing 
 winter. That a settlement remained on the earlier site after it had been 
 abandoned as a stronghold, we know from the stonet found about 1827 
 in Granville " near the eastern parapet of the old Scotch fort on the site 
 of the French cornfields, contiguous to the creek of St. Germains," 
 carved roughly with the name "Lebel," and the figures (evidently denoting 
 the year) "1649." That Biencourt and his disheartened followers under- 
 took to fortify the new settlement is somewhat doubtful. We must 
 probably give D'Aulnay de Charnisay who, it has been seen, made his 
 head(|uarters here on being appointed Bazilli's lieutenant, the credit of 
 beginning the fortifications, the romantic ruins of which now lie before 
 us; and we may date that beginning as early as 1634, possibly 1632. 
 With his Norman peasants, or perhaps later, on his return from one of 
 his visits to France, made in order to undermine the influence of Latour, 
 he brought with him from Normandy the Caen limestone, of which the 
 old powder magazine was built, according to the generally received date, 
 in 1642. Hannay suggests that D'Aulnay's first fort was on the site of 
 that of Charaplain or of the Scotch fort, and on the alleged authority of 
 Governor Winthrop says that he " commenced " a new one at the present 
 site in 1643. J But D'Aulnay would not be likely to build a fort and 
 abandon it in so short a period, and the language of Winthrop, when 
 closely examined, does not bear out any such inference. Latour's Boston 
 
 * See page 10 aiite. 
 
 tNow, 1897, in the possession of Fred. Leavitt, Esq. Haliburton and others 
 following him in discussing this stone give the year 1643, but the figure " 9 " is too 
 plain toT>e mistaken. On the other hand, if his letter to the Historic-Genealogical 
 Society of Boston is correctly quote«l in the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of 
 Masnachunsetts for 1891, Dr. Jackson probably writing from memory, errs in respect 
 to the letters, giving the two words " La belle " ("the beautiful one") instead of 
 the surname "Lebel." Lebel is said to have been a clever business man of Paris, 
 who spent several years in Acadie, where he wa« guardian of D'Aulnay's 3hildren. 
 
 iJHannay's " Acmlia," p. 162. 
 
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HISTOI, OK ANNAI'OLIS. 183 
 
 auxili)irit!H on tlicii rctuni lioinc in \(\\:\ n'j>ort«'d "tliey found D'Aulnuy 
 gone into France, and a n«'w fort raised at Port Hoyal.'"* "llaiHed," in 
 the speocii of that day, meant "t>rocted," "built," and the languafje is 
 quite consistent with the fort havinj,' been built some years earlier, 
 althouj^h the}' hail onlj' tlu^n Ix-come aware of it. To them and to the 
 (Jovernor at Boston it was still a "new fort." The old French wharf, a 
 structure nearly triangular, was situated farther down the main river 
 than the one built by the Knglish in 1710. The stone and masonry 
 supjiorts still to be seen in i\u' inaii\ <litch of the fort were built under 
 the direction of .Mascarene in 1712. Among the French buildings in the 
 fort in 1713 was a "handsome chapel," which Rev, Mr. Harri.son, the 
 English chaplain, ptititioned (Jovernor Nicholson to order applied to 
 "pious uses." There was also a large and imposing building used as a 
 barracks and mess room on the north side of the (|uadrangle, with several 
 gables, facing south. This was allowed to yield to the natural process of 
 decay. In the closing year of the last century the Duke of Kent caused 
 the building still nnnaining to be built for otticers' (juartei-s, as well as a 
 large woinlen building for bari-acks on the south .side of the ({uadrangle 
 and the large brick building three stories higli on Sul)ercase's l)omb-proof 
 powder magazine, which foimed the foundation and first story of it. 
 The wooden barracks was burnt in the latter days of January or first 
 days of Februar}', lS30.t The brick building was taken down in 1853, 
 exposing to view two enormous arches forming its support and the 
 capacious bomb-proof powder magazine over which it hful been erected, 
 the walls of which were of much greater thickness and capacity than 
 those of the older one. The older magazine was then still in good 
 preservation. In 189") further steps were taken for its protection, 
 previous to which it was continually suffering from the depredations of 
 relic-hunters from abroad, wh(j broke off and cariied away pieces of the 
 peculiar stone of which it was built. The block-house, which first in the 
 distance told to the approaching stranger its silent story of the past, was 
 taken down by the order or with the permission of the Canadian 
 Government in 1878, much to the disgust of all public-spirited citizens of 
 the town. 
 
 The 40th regiment, | known lus "the fighting fortieth," which was 
 
 * Winthrop's "Journal," p. 180, Vol. II., Kd. of 1853. 
 
 t A letter in the military records at Halifax, dated February 7, speaks of it as 
 " tlie recent fire." Capt. Kustace Hill was in command with a company of the 96th 
 regiment. He and his men were complimented on their exertions to save the 
 liuilding. 
 
 Jits first officers weie : Colonel, Richartl Phillip])s ; Major, Alexander Cosby ; 
 Captains, Jolui Caulfield, I.Awrence Armati'ong, I'aul Mascarene, Christopher 
 Aldridge, and .John Williams ; Lieutenants, James Campbell, John Jephson, 
 Edward Bradstreet ; Ensigns, .James Erskine, John Keating. It has more recently 
 been merged in the 1st Battalion Prince of Wales Volunteers (South Lancashire 
 Regiment). A history of it has lately been published. 
 
184 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 or>(iiiii/od at Annapolis in 1717 (nee Murdoch, Vol. I., {>. It.*)!), or ii 
 |H)rtii)n of it, Karrisont'd the fort at Aniiapolis from tlnit year until 1755, 
 and prohahly till 1758, wht^n it formed part of tlio oxp<uiition a^ainHt 
 Ijouisluirg. In 1740 livi' conipanies of it were at Annapolis, four at 
 Canso, anfl tine at Placentia. There is no indication that any part of it 
 returned to Annapolis after 1 758. In 178t) the fort was ^'arrisoned by 
 a part of the 6th regiment under command of Capt. Peacock, who appears 
 to have Iwen very popular with the citizens ; for in that year he was 
 presented with a complimentary address, signed by the following leading 
 residents ; iloseph Winniett, Joseph VVinniett, jun., Joseph Cossins, 
 Isaac Hcmnett, Andrew Ritchie, Jacob Hailey (Rector), David Seabury, 
 David Bonnett, Ambrose Haight, O'Sullivan Sutherland, Andrew 
 Bierdman, Robert Tucker, Matthew Winniett, Robert Dickson, William 
 Robertson, Elijah Weeks, Fred. Sinclair, John Lecain and William Shaw. 
 
 His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent first visited Annapolis in 1794,* 
 the year of his first arrival at Halifax, and was afterwards here fre(|uently 
 until his departure for England in 1798. In 1799 he returned to Halifax 
 in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the forces in Rritish North 
 America, and on visiting Annapolis in that year was presented by the 
 citizens with a loyal address. 
 
 About the years 1820-22, Lieutenant Christian Conrad Katzmann, of 
 the 60th Rifles, a native of Germany, a graduate of Giittingen University, 
 father of our distinguished poetess, Mrs. Katzman Lawson, was stationed 
 here for two yi ars. 
 
 In 1835 we find the fort garrisoned by a company of the 8."5rd regiment. 
 Captain Colquhon, with Lieutenant Kensal. Among other distinguished 
 officers who .served in the garrison within this century, one in particular 
 I have often heard spoken of in kind terms by the citizens. William 
 Henry, Lord Kilmarnock, afterwards seventeenth Earl of Erroll, who 
 married a daughter of Major-General Gore, a niece maternally of the 
 late Doctor Benjamin De W. Fraser, of Windsor, was here for a time 
 between 1844 and 1846. He was wounded in the hand at the battle 
 of the Alma in 1854, and died in 1891. Thomas H. Bailey, son of the 
 Rev. Jacob Bailey, was barrack-master and store-keeper in the early 
 part of the century, but the last to fill that office was Joseph Norman, 
 familiarly known as Major Norman, a Peninsular veteran and non- 
 commissioned officer who had a very interesting record. He is said to 
 have planted the trees in front of the old fort and cemetery. From time 
 to time the number of troops in the garrison were reduced till a mere 
 detachment remained, and in 1854 they were finally withdrawn. Lieu- 
 tenant Wedderburn, 76th regiment, in command, and thenceforth 
 Annapolis Royal was no longer a " garrison town." 
 
 * Journal of Rev. John Wiswall, Rector of Wilniot. 
 
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOMS. 185 
 
 At tho date of the articU' cjuoU-d from th»' Acatlian Mnifmiw then* 
 Ht(HHl noiir tlie old goveriiiiiKtit h<)U.s« on Ht, (U'tw^e Street n cottage of a 
 Hiiigle story with doriner-windowM, the framework of N<)uared Io^h, 
 although for many years it had been covered with chiplMiardM. It was 
 |)ro))al)ly over two huitdred yearn old, and was long said to Imj the only 
 one of the old French liouses remaining. J t was used as a residence for 
 the French governor in the time of peace. Records show it to have been 
 repaired and sheathed in 1744. This cottage was demolished in the 
 early sixties, and the well-known mercantile establishment of William 
 McCormick it Sons now occupies tlie site. The old " Williams hou.se," in 
 which Sir W. Fonwick Williams was born, stood until 1874, when it was 
 removed to make way for the Union Bank building. The main part of 
 it was moved to St. Anthony Street north, nearly opposite the rink, and 
 is owned by Mr. William McClafierty and occupied by his tenants. The 
 other part or wing of the house was similarly moved to Dalton Street, 
 where it was i-efitted as a tenement house by the same owner, and still 
 stands. The " Winniett house," built by Joseph Winniett, stood on the 
 adjoining lot, south of the Williams hou.se, and was torn down in 1884 to 
 make way for the opening of Victoria Street. Long these quaint old 
 mansions, suggestive relics of other days and fashions, stood side by side, 
 pathetic memorials of a genei'ation of worthies long passed away, and as 
 if to perpetuate, if possible, the life-long and brotherly friendship that 
 existed between their original owners. 
 
 We have spoken of several fires, and as the town has l)een unfortunate in 
 this respect, beyond any other in the Province, a glance at its fire record 
 will not be out of place in this chapter. Two years after the burning of 
 the wooden barracks, the dwelling house of Robert Sneden, in lower town, 
 with its contents was destroyed ; and in 1833 the old English government 
 house, a building of three stories which stood nearly opposite the present 
 Union Bank, was burnt up. The court-house was burnt in 1836; in 
 1846 a dwelling on the cape occupied by John Barnaby ; in 1854 the 
 store and contents of Charles Starratt on the corner of St. George and 
 Alliert Streets ; and in 1855 three barns in the rear of the Commercial 
 Hotel, opposite the slip, were burned. To pass over, however, the many 
 single buildings that were consumed from time to time (including the 
 Cooper House in 1869), the two stores of Thomas A. Gavaza «fe Sons 
 were destroyed in 1877, and in 1880 a great fire swept away a large 
 number, some eighteen buildings, situated in the region of the town 
 opposite the fort. In 1881 the dwelling and store of A. W. Corbett 
 followed, and in 1885 a great fire swept away all that portion of the 
 town on the water-side which extended from McCormick «$: Sons' store to 
 the railway. Finally, in 1887 a fire at the corner of St. George and Rail- 
 way Streets swept away a large block of fine wooden buildings on St. 
 
186 HISTORV OK ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 Ooor^t* Htri'ot, u ihw liirK** hntt'l known hh th« Doniiiiiun IIduho, anil 
 Neveral liii'p> hiiildiii^s to tlio t'liNtwtird of it on lliiilwiiy 8tn>nt, and 
 >{utlinK <li»! Wrick l)uildiMj{ (Kcupicd liy tin- Bunk of Novii Scotia. 
 
 An iidinimhlc HysU-ni of wati-r .su|tply was intnHlucrd in 1889, and w« 
 may notti licit' the introduction of the electric lij{lit for house and street 
 purposes on December 'Jlst, IWDl, throu^h the enterpriw! of Mr. Carman 
 Odell. The town was incorporated in 189.'5, and the first town council 
 and othcers were: Mayor, JTu>;h Kvan (Jillis, Barrister ; Councillors, 
 Charles McConnick, l{<»ht!rt L. liardwick, A. II. Hiordan, Arthur M. 
 Kitij,', El)en. M. Anderson, and Charles K. iMonriH'. Richard J. IJniacke 
 was appointed Town Clerk, and Frederic Leavitt, E8(|., Stipendiary 
 Magistrate. 
 
 The writer in the Acinlinn Minjnxini' speaks of the old and decayed 
 appearance of the houses of the town. Many years later the same remark 
 might still have heen made. For a few decades, about the middle of tlie 
 century, Annapolis seemed to remain stationary, while its sister town of 
 (SranvilU^ Ferry, throuj^h the t>nterprise of its citizens onj^aged in ship- 
 buildin); and navigation, in the palmy days of those pursuits, bade fair to 
 distance it in the race of pr<<j;ross, and development of wealth. Hut among 
 other causes, the opening of the Windsor and Annapolis Hallway in 1869, 
 inaugurated for it a new era. The products of the upper part of the 
 county, as well as the regions to the south, which began to be peopled 
 and developed, have been brought to its wharves for export, and the 
 producers have frecjuented its stores an<l workshops to buy, and the 
 volume of its business has induced a prosperity and infused a life that 
 have changed the face of the town. T well remember the late Chief 
 Justice Sir William Young's elo(|uent reply to an address of congratula- 
 tion by the (irand Jury, felicitating them in turn on the completion of 
 the railway, as a result of which, he told them in his North British 
 accent, but graceful diction, " the ancient capital of Acadia will resume 
 some of her pristine importance." The truth of his j)rophecy is splendidly 
 apparent to anyone whose memory goes back a cjuarter of a century. 
 £8to perpetua ! 
 
HISTfrnV OK ANNAI'OMS. 187 
 
 ATTEND! X TO CHAITKU XT. 
 
 Tllustratin^Milikc the iiu'iitul traits of n-li^'ioiis N*!\v Kll^laIKl pt'oplp 
 of tilt' inidditt ^t( tlir lust rcntui V, mid tl»' pcijih'xitit'H of simic ut' tin* curly 
 Mottli-rs oil the i|iii'sti()ri of tin- Ci\ il W'lir, tlic followiii;; tVuiii a iiianusiTipt 
 journal of lian(il<>y Cliipiiiaii, of Cornwallis, the aiicfstor of tlif ('hipiiiaiiH 
 of tiic \v('Ht«'iii rouiilit's, is worthy of a place hrro : 
 
 "Ah 'riiou, liciivt'iily Kikllu'i, liiiMt so ovcrnilt'il in llu- cciuinc of lliy lliily iiikI 
 vv'iNc pniviilt^iici' tlwil my xnii .Inlin is ilntMi'n icprcsi'titativi' iil' tliiH town to tliu 
 OontTikl ANMeiiilily, <> ho onlcr it that it niiiy lir in incii'V to liitii ami not in jucl^mcnl, 
 iK'itlifi' to liiin nor to thin iiropl)-, l)nt li(>l|i him I pray to look to Tlii'<' to fmil)lt> him 
 to know hJH iliity, an<l to do it faithfnily, not only in this puhlic ntation. hut in that 
 of .hiNtii'd of tilt- IVacr, hold, Thou kiiowcHt u hat a i^ritiral nitiiatioii at tiiiN tiiiu- 
 it ia to walk in tlit; Ntation hu is put in, so art to ki'cp ii good coimciuticu and thi' ffuid 
 will of tlif nioBt lci\ding iiu-n hert- in this proviiicf." 
 
 On Lebel the author wrote the foUowiiig: 
 
 Two hiinilred years aj{o and more, 
 Ulion Taywoapnk'n woodciowiicd shore, 
 W here Scot hind's sous liad JiihI iM'fore, 
 
 Kicttcd homes whi'iein to dwell ; 
 As if a fiituie a^e to moi'k, 
 tSoiiie liiiinau han<l upon lilock, 
 Of I'onipact mctainorphi • rock, 
 
 Kligraved the Houiidiii)r name Liliil. 
 
 II. 
 
 Two iiiindred years the secret keep, 
 And hill it still in silence sleep ; 
 And none are left to mourn or weep, 
 
 The name that some one h)ved so well. 
 Two hundred more may come and go. 
 With footsteps solemn, grand anil slow, 
 And still the story none shall know, 
 
 That lingers in the name Lehf/. 
 
 The late James Clray, Esq., deserves honourable notice here for, among 
 other reasons, his interest in the antiquities of Annapolis. He was horn 
 in Halifax, and came to the town in 1824, where he resided until his 
 death, March 15th, 1877, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He 
 married January 6th, 1831, Susan Spurr, of Round Hill, and left sur- 
 viving a son, Charles, now Doctor Charl(^s Ciray, of Mahone I>ay, and 
 daughters, Mrs. A. B. Cunningham, of Annapolis, and Mrs. Craig, of 
 Yarmouth. During his early residence in Annapolis he was actively 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits, but later, a prominent and able magis- 
 trate. He collected in his leisure a very interesting lot of mineralogical 
 specimens and curious old relics. Here I must take the oppurtunity of 
 expressing my deprecation of the neglect of our people in not taking steps 
 to keep in the place those valuable relics of antiquity which American 
 tourists are buying up in the vicinity and carrying away with them every 
 year. The old barracks should have been long ago fitted up as a receptacle 
 and museum for these things, like Pilgrim Hall at Plymouth, Mass. A 
 
188 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 chair made out of tlie wood of which tlje old block-house was buili, was 
 sold at a church fair and carried away to Connecticut. It ought to have 
 been presented to the Historical Society of the Province, as a seat for the 
 President. I have seen in the library of the Massacliusetts Historical 
 Society in Boston, a key of enormous size, with a label attached bearing 
 che words, " Key of Port Royal, Nova Scotia." 
 
 In 1865 the following was written by Mr. A. M. Gidney, in the 
 Bridgetown Free Press : " On a staff from the roof of an old blacksmith 
 shop in the lower j)art of the town is .m old vane designed to indicate 
 ' how the wind blows,' which bears the date 1738." This relic was in 
 possession of Mr. Addison Lecain when he removed from Annapolis to 
 Windsor several years ago. 
 
 Hobert, T<pslip, vlio was born in Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, 
 and educated for his profession at Edinburgh, was at first surgeon in the 
 Royal Navy, then in the army, came here early in the century as surgeon 
 to the Irish Rifles, settled here, and was long the leading physician, and 
 in other respects a prominent figure in the town, until his death. May 26, 
 1868, aged 76. His dwellinj,", long known as the "Leslie House," is 
 incorporated into the larger ind more handsome residence of Judge 
 Owen. He married, first, A m Botsford Millidge, who with her 
 new-born child died, 1822 ; second, Dec. 28, 1823, Ann E. Sneden 
 and had children, (1) Lawrence Sneden, m. in Spain, d. Nov. 18, 1893 ; 
 (2) Mary E., m. Alfred Danielsen, a Dane, fl. Feb., 1885 ; (3) Christina, 
 living, unm.; (4) Robert Hugh, m. twice, living in Texas ; (5) Hope E., 
 <\. unm.; (6) Angus S., m., living in San Francisco ; (7) Jessie, m. James 
 A. Gibbon, living at Brookline, Mass.; (8) Leve.son G., m. and lives 'n 
 South America ; (9) Laura, m. Charles Ditmars, Es<j., of Clementsport, d.; 
 (10) Helen M., living unm. at Annapolis ; (11) James C, m. twice, living 
 in Newfoundland; (12) William P., m., and died in U.S., August, 1892. 
 
 " Their graves aie severed far and lide, 
 By inoun , and stream, and sea." 
 
 Major Norman married at Gibraltar, Oct. 13, 1B13, Gregoria Reiez, 
 and had a son Walter, baptized June 17, 1827. He is said to have been 
 a favorite of \uhe Duke of Wellington, and enjoyed during the first part of 
 his residence here a salary or pension of £300 a year, afterwards reduced 
 to £150. 
 
 Among the prominent residents of the town in the early years of the 
 century were three brothers, Henry, Oliver, and Benjamin Mason 
 Goldsmith. They were sons of Henry Goldsmith, an Assistant 
 Commissary-General in the British service, stationed in Cape Breton and 
 afterwards in St. John, N.B., where he died June 6, 1811, aged fifty-six 
 years. He was born at Athlone, Ireland, and was a nephew of the great 
 literary genius, Oliver Goldsmith, son of his favourite brother, the Rev 
 Henry Goldsmith, who was a man of brilliant gifts, distinguished at 
 lichool and college, and a favourite of Oliver. Our citizen, the grand- 
 nephew Oliver, was also in the Commissariat Department, and was at 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 189 
 
 St. John in 1834, and afterwards at Hong Kong, and died in England. 
 A tree was planted to his memory on Queen Square in St. John, by 
 R. B. Humphrey, Esq., on the centennial festival of the city in 1883, at 
 the "east gate." He was a zealous Mason and presented a set of jewels to 
 Albion Lodge after his removal from St. John. Henry manied, first, Feb. 
 1, 1808, Maria, eldest daughter of Col. James DeLrfincey, and second, Feb. 
 4, 1841, Harriet Burdain. He was a barrister-at-law and collector of 
 customs, and died without issue, Sept., 1845, aged fil. Benjamin M., 
 the youngest brother, settled at Perrott, and was long a magistiate, 
 holding for some years an otlice in the house lately occupied by Andi-ew 
 Gilmore, the well-known old soldier, but built by Mr. Goldsmith within 
 the bounds of the fort. He died Feb., 1884, aged 86, leaving a large 
 posterity, many of them living in the town and vicinity. Oliver 
 possessed literary gifts, which, while they could not be compared with 
 those of his great ancestor, were by no means inconsiderable. As the 
 immortal Oliver pictured with poetic pathos the " Deserted Village," his 
 successor in the name undertook to pourtray the lot of thase who might 
 once have peopled such a place, b\it who had set themselves to the task of 
 building up a new village in the wild scenes to which they had removed, 
 and to dedicate the work to another brother Henry. 1 will give his 
 own words, under date Oct. 1, 1834 : 
 
 "To Henry fJoldsmith, Esq., Annapolis Roj'al : The celebrated ni;thor of tlie 
 'Deserted Village' has pathetically displayed the anguish of his countryi;ien in 
 being forced from various causes to tjuit their native plains, endeared to them by so 
 many delightful recollections, and to seek a refuge in regions at that time unknown, 
 or but little heard of. It would, perhaps, have V>een a subject of astonisiinient to 
 him could he have known that, in the course of events, some of his own relations 
 were to be natives of such distant countries, and that a grandson of his brother 
 Henry, to whom he dedicated his " Traveller," would first draw his breath at no 
 great distance from the spot 
 
 ' Where wild Oswego spreads her swamps around, 
 And Niagara stuns with thundering soun<l.' 
 
 In the "Rising Village" I have endeavoured to describe the sufferings which the early 
 settlers experienced, the difficulties which they surmounted, the rise and progress of 
 a young country, and the prospects which jiromise happiness to its future 
 possessors. " 
 
 After a few lines of apostrophe to his brother, the poem proceeds : 
 
 " If then adown your cheek a tear should flow 
 For Auburn's village and its speechless woe ; 
 If while you weep, you think the 'lowly train.' 
 Their early joys can never more regain, 
 Come turn with me where happier prospects rise 
 Beneath the sternness of Acadian skies. 
 And thou, dear spirit ! whose harmonious lay 
 Didst lovely Auburn's piercing woes display. 
 Do thou to thy fond relative impart 
 Some portion of thy sweet poetic art ; 
 Like thine, oh ! let my verse as gently flow, 
 While truth and virtue in my numbers glow ; 
 And guide my pen with thy bewitching hand 
 To paint the Rising Village of the land. 
 
 How chaste and splendid are the scenes that lie 
 Beneath the circle of Britannia's sky ! 
 What charming prospects there arrest the view, 
 How bright, how varied, and how boundless too ! 
 
 • 
 
190 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Cities anil i)liiiii8 oxtenrling far and wide, 
 The iiiercliaiit'H glory and tlie fanner's pride. 
 Majestic palaces in pomp display 
 The wealth and splendour of tiie regal sway ; 
 While the low hamlet and the sheplierd's cot, 
 in peace and freedom mark the peasant's lot. 
 
 Comj)ared with scenes like those, how lone and drear 
 Ui<l once Acadia's woods an<l wilds a))]>ear ; 
 Wiiere wandering savages, and lica.sts of prey, 
 Displayed, by turns, the fury of tiieir sway. 
 What noble courage must tlu'ir iiearts liavo fired, 
 How great the aidour which tiieir souls inspired, 
 Who leaving far behind tiieir native plain, 
 Have sought a iiome l>eyond the Western main. 
 
 Oh, none can tell l)ut tiiey wlio sadly siuire 
 
 The l)osoin"s anguish aiul its wihl despair. 
 
 What dire distress awaits tlie hardy liands 
 
 That ventiH'e first on Itleak and desert lands. 
 
 How great the pain, the danger and the toil 
 
 Which mark the (irst ru<le culture of the soil, 
 
 Wlien looking round, the lonely settler sees 
 
 His home amidst a wilderness of trees. 
 
 How sinks his heart in those deep solitudes 
 
 Whei'e not a voice upon his ear intrudes ; 
 
 Where solemn silence all this waste pervades 
 
 Heightening the horror of its gloomy siiades. 
 
 Save where the sturdj' woodman's strokes resound 
 
 That strew the fallen forest on the ground. 
 
 See from their heights the lofty pines ilescend, 
 
 And crackling, down their pond'roua lengths extend. 
 
 Soon from their boughs the curling flames arise. 
 
 Mount into air and redden all the skies ; 
 
 And where tlie forest once its foliage spread. 
 
 The golden corn triumphant waves its head. 
 
 How lilest did nature's ruggedness appear. 
 
 The otily source of trouble or of fear ! 
 
 How happy, did no hardship meet his view, 
 
 No other care his anxious steps pursue ; 
 
 But while his labour gains a short repose, 
 
 And hope presents a solace for his woes. 
 
 New ills arise, new fears his peace annoy. 
 
 And other dangers all his hopes destroy. 
 
 Behold the savage tribes in wildest strain 
 
 Approach with death and terror in their train 
 
 No longer silence o'er the foi'est reigns. 
 
 No longer stillness now her power retains ; 
 
 But hideous yells announce the murderous band. 
 
 Whose bloody footsteps desolate the land. 
 
 He .lears them oft in sternest mood maintain 
 
 Their right to rule the mountain and the phiin ; 
 
 He liears them doom the white man's instant death. 
 
 Shrinks from the sentence, while he gasps for breath, 
 
 Then, rousing with one eii'ort all his might. 
 
 Darts from his hut, and saves himself by flight. 
 
 Yet, what a refuge I Here a host of foes 
 
 On every side his treinl)ling steps oppose ; 
 
 Here savage beasts around his cottage howl, 
 
 As through the gloomy wood they nightly prowl. 
 
 Till morning comes, and then is heanino more 
 
 The shouts of man, or beast's appalling roar. 
 
 The wandering Indian turns another way. 
 
 And brutes avoid the first approach of day. 
 
HlfSTOKY OF ANXAPOLIS. 191 
 
 Wliilo time thus rolls his nipiil years ivwiiy, 
 
 The villiigu lises gently into ttay. 
 
 How sweet it is, at tiist apju'oaeli of nioni 
 
 Hofore the silvery ilew has left the lawn, 
 
 When warring winds are sleeping j'et on high 
 
 Or breathe as softly as tlie hosom's sigh, 
 
 To gain some easy hill's usoeniling height 
 
 Where all the landscape brightens with delight. 
 
 And boundless ]>rospccts streteheil on every side, 
 
 I'loelaim the country's industry and jiride. 
 
 Hei'e the bi'oad marsh extends its open plain, 
 
 Until its limits touch the distant main ; 
 
 There verdant meads along the uplands spring, 
 
 And giateful odours to the brce/.cs tiing ; 
 
 Here crops of grain in rich luxuriance rise. 
 
 And wave their gohlen riches to tlu^ skies ; 
 
 There smiling orchaids interruj)t the scene. 
 
 Or gardens l>ounded by some hedge of green ; 
 
 The farmer's cottage bosomed "mong the trees. 
 
 Whose spreading branches shelter from the breeze ; 
 
 The wiiiding stream that tni'ns the busy mill, 
 
 Whose clacking echoes o'er the distant hill ; 
 
 The neat white church, beside whose walls are spread 
 
 The grass-clad hillocks of the sacred dead ; 
 
 Where rude-cut stone or painted tablet tell, 
 
 In laboured voice, how youtli and beauty fell ; 
 
 How worth and hope wei'e hurried to the grave 
 
 And torn from those who had no |)ower to save. 
 
 Dear lovely spot ! oh, may such charms as these, 
 Sweet tranquil charms, that cannot fail to please, 
 Forever leign around thee, and impart 
 Joy, peace and comfort to each native heart. 
 Happy Acadia I thcmgh around thy shore 
 Is heard the stormy wind's terrific roar ; 
 Though round thee Winter binds his icy chain. 
 And his rude temjiests sweej) along thy plain. 
 Still Summer comes and decorates thy land 
 With fruits and flowers from her luxuriant hand ; 
 8till Autumn's gifts repay the labourer's toil 
 With richest products from thy feitile soil ; 
 With bounteous store his varied wants supply. 
 And scarce the )>lants of other suns deny. 
 How pleasing aTid how glowing with delight 
 Are now thy budding ho))e8 ! How sweetly bright 
 They rise to view I How full of joy appear 
 The expectations of each future year. 
 Not fifty siuumcrs yet have blest thy clime, — 
 How short a period in the page of time ! — 
 Since savage tribes, with terror in their train. 
 Rushed o'er thy fields, and ravaged all thy plain. 
 But some few years have rolled in haste away, 
 Since through thy vales the feai'less beast of prey, 
 With dismiil yell and louil appalling cry, 
 Proclaimed his midnight reign of terror nigh. 
 And now, how changed the scene ! The first afar 
 Have fled to wihls l>eneath the northern star ; 
 The last has learned to shun man's dreaded eye. 
 And in his turn to distant regions tiy ; 
 While the poor peasant, whose laborious caie 
 Scai'ce from the soil coxiM wring his scant}' fare ; 
 Now in the peaceful arts of culture skilled. 
 Sees his wide barn with ample treasures filled ; 
 Now finds his dwelling, as the year goes round. 
 Beyond his hopes with joy and plenty crowned." 
 
(^HAPTER XII. 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF GRANVILLE. 
 
 Description— (Jrants issued — Settlers arrive— Names of grantees— Census of 1767 
 and 1770— Names of early settlers and their families — The Patten-Farnsworth 
 feud — Representation of the county — River fisheries — The Shaw embroglio 
 — Names of militiamen — Arrival of Loyalists— Roads to Bay of Fundy — Shaw 
 and Millidge election — Disputes about the fisheries — Bridgetown. 
 
 THIS fine township is bounded as follows : On the north by the 
 Bay of Fundy ; on the east by the township of Wilmot ; on the 
 south by the Annapolis River and basin, and on the Avest by the strait 
 connecting the Annapolis Basin with the Bay of Fundy. The range of 
 hills, locally known as the North Mountains, divides it into two nearly 
 equal parts, which may be termed the mountain and valley districts. 
 The former consists of a strip of land gradually increasing in width from 
 its western end at the strait aforesaid to its eastern extremity at the 
 Wilmot boundary ; its northern edge is washed by the waters of the Bay 
 of Fundy, and its southern side is formed by an irregular line, following 
 the greatest elevation in the chain of hills before named. The soil of 
 this district is formed by the decomposition of the trappean rocks which 
 everywhere underlie its surface, and has usually been esteemed as 
 admirably adapted to the growth of wheat and other grains, and when 
 properly cultivated has always proved productive. It is well watered, 
 its streams, though small, being very numerous, and almost without 
 exception discharging their waters into the bay, the slope of the surface 
 being toward the north. 
 
 The forests which originally covered this tract were very fine ; in fact, 
 it may be said they were equalled by few others in any part of the 
 country. They were composed of a tall and thrifty growth of beech, 
 birch, maple, elm, ash and poplar, among the deciduous trees ; and of 
 pine, spruce, hemlock and fir, among the evergreens. It is sad to think 
 of the almost wanton waste perpetrated by our forefathers, in clearing 
 their farms in this, as in other districts of the county. It was too 
 common a practice with them to cut away, as far as possible, every 
 vestige of these magnificent forests, even rejecting native trees for 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 193 
 
 purposes of shad*', shelter or ornament, and to regard thom as their 
 greatest enemy luther than as a certain source of future wealth. 
 Hundreds of thousands, nay, millions of cords of most valuable timber 
 have been reduced to ashes in preparing the ground for the operations of 
 tlie plough and the scythe ; and as many more liave in more recent years 
 been shipped to the neighbouring United States as an article of commerce. 
 It is cheering to know, howevei", that some portions of the original 
 forests remain, and contribute largely to the successful ship-building of 
 the existing inhabitants. 
 
 The Bay of Fundy coast attbrds no natural harbours to this township, 
 though artificial breakwaters have been constructed, which do duty in 
 their stead, by the aid of wliicii a large trade is carried on from these 
 points with New Brunswick and the adjoining Republic ; and ship-yards, 
 when wooden ships were in demand, were to be found plentifully 
 sprinkled along its shores, from which every year numbers of new vessels 
 of all sizes were added to the mercantile marine of the Province. 
 
 The valley district of this township possesses a very fertile and 
 productive soil, its alluvial portion* being very rich and valuable. It 
 includes a considerable number of dyked marshes — one of which contains 
 nearly a thousand acres, and bears the name " Belleisle," in honour of one 
 of the old French seigneurs of Port Royal, the Sieui" de Belleisle, within 
 whose seigniory it was situated. The upland soils of this part of the 
 township are of a mixed character, and well known to be especially 
 adapted to the growth of fruit trees. There are few of the farms 
 without an orchard, while many of them have more than one. The 
 owners of these farms have ready access to the markets of the world 
 by means of the river and basin which form the boundary of their 
 southern frontage, and the farms have been so arranged that each one of 
 them possesses its share of marsh, tillage, pasture and woodlands. 
 
 The streams of this division are also small but exceedingly numerous, 
 and flow in a southern direction to the river and basin. Roads extend 
 northwardly, at short intervals, from the main highway, over the 
 mountain to the Bay of Fundy ; and these are again intersected by 
 others running parallel to the latter, thus furnishing easy communication 
 with all sections of it. The shores of the basin have valuable herring 
 fisheries connected with them, and the Bay of Fundy yields a ready and 
 abundant supply of cod, halibut, hake, haddock, pollock and herrings. 
 Indeed, few townships are more bountifully furnished with the leading 
 elements of prosperity and wealth than Granville ; nor are there many 
 better provided with school and church accommodation. Several of 
 the churches are very handsome structures and reflect much credit 
 upon the denominations to which they belong. "It contains only 
 two villages of any size, however, namely, Bridgetown, at the head of 
 13 
 
194 HrSTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 navigation, which was founded by the late John Crosskill,* having Ijeen 
 laid out by him in 182'J ; and Granville Ferry. Each of them is 
 pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river, and l)oth were long 
 favourite places for ship-building. The Windsor and Annapolis Kail way 
 Company have a substantial V)ridge spanning the river n^ar the first- 
 named village, and attempts have been made to secure the erection of 
 another to span the river between Granville Ferry and Annapolis. 
 
 Few events worthy of note occurred in this township from the 
 date of the French expulsion to 1760. The lands of the expatriated 
 hahitans during this period remained without occupants. The French 
 had settlements near (roat Island, and at intervals along the river 
 eastward to Bellisle, where the Martins are known to have lived. Still 
 farther eastward hamlets and isolated clearings were to be found as far 
 eastward as the township extended ; the most eastern hamlet of which 
 any certain knowledge has been obtained, was that in which the family 
 of Prince, or Le Prince, resided, the site of which is revealed in the 
 following extract from the grant of 1759. The boundaries of the 
 township are therein described as '•Beginning at the gut of Annapolis, 
 and V)ounded by the said gut westerly, and from thence running 
 according to the course of the basin of Annapolis, extending up the said 
 river to the vacated settlement of Carlf Prince measuring thirty miles 
 or thereabouts ; and from the River Annapolis by the house of the said 
 Carl Prince, course north-west six miles or thereabouts to the Bay of y 
 Fundy, and bounded by the said bay and running west and south-west ^j ^ 
 according to the course of the said bay to the gut of Annapolis." ^ ^ y 
 
 The first House of Assembly met in Halifax in October, 1758, and j^^^tJ 
 during the same month Governor Lawrence issued his proclamation '\^ ^ , 
 touching the settlement of the lands vacated by the French, by people 
 from the New England colonies. In consequence of this action on the 
 part of (Srovernor Lawrence, in the following year James Read and John 
 (jrow, of the township of Lunenburg, in the Province of Massachusetts, 
 and Paul Crocker, of Hollies, in the Province of New Hampshire, liSaHe 
 application in the name of themselves and their associates for a grant 
 of one hundred thousand acres of land on the north side of the basin and J 
 river of Annapolis ; and a grant passed to them on the 27th of June in 
 that year. It^va8^o_coQ5iitti>jLtwo^huodted jh^ of fivei_hundred acres 
 each, and 138 were cgmfij^ed on that occasion. Nineteen other shares 
 were convej'ed % a supplementary grant dSted AugUsfT^th, 1759] ^ 
 
 * Captain Crosskill hail been in the naval service of the Crown as master of 
 tlie armed snow. Earl of Moira, 1794-98, and probably became the owner of the 
 lot on which the town stands, by purchase. On retiring he spent some years in 
 Halifax, but afterwaj-ds lived in the county. He died May, 1826, »uul some of his 
 descendants still perpetuate his name among us. — [Ki>.] 
 
 tit is remarkable that the German form "Carl'' shoidd have lieen here used 
 instead of the French "Charles."— [Ed.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 195 
 
 Acting-Lieutenant-Governor Belcher, in a report to tlie Board of 
 Trade, dated in December, 1760, informs them that the townships of 
 Granville and Annapolis had lieen occupied by thirty of the proprietors, 
 and that the remainder of them, with their families, were expected to 
 arrive early in the spring of the ensuing year. 
 
 The first House of Assembly having been chosen by the electors 
 of the Province at large, no member was sent from this part of the 
 country, but from the time of convening the second it will Ije found that 
 representatives have been continuously elected to the present time. In 
 June, 1759, the County of Annapolis was created, covering the territory 
 now included within its boundaries together with what now forms the 
 County of Digby, and appears to have been represente<l in the second 
 assembly, which was chosen in that year, by Erasmus J. Phillips, major 
 in the 40th regiment, and Colonel Jonathan Hoar. 
 
 The subjoined alphabetical list contains the names of the persons who 
 applied for the grant of 1 759, together with the place offormer residence, 
 in New England, of each of them : 
 
 Name. Residence. 
 
 Austin, Daniel Lunenburg, Mass. 
 
 Avery, Jonathan Townshend. 
 
 Austin, John Hollies, N.H. 
 
 Austin, Thomas „ 
 
 Austin, Timothy n 
 
 Austin, Benjamin m 
 
 Austin, Daniel, jun Lunenburg. 
 
 Brown, Aaron Lunenburg. 
 
 Baillie, Isaac m 
 
 Butler, Simeon Charlestown. 
 
 Bailey, Josiah Lunenbui'g. 
 
 Brynton, Jonathan n 
 
 Bradstroet, Jonathan n 
 
 Belcher, Jeremiah „ 
 
 Bradstreet, Samuel n 
 
 Bass, John . . n 
 
 Better, Moses n 
 
 Bigclow, Benjamin i> 
 
 Blair, John Groton. 
 
 Bell, Jeremiah Townshend. 
 
 Butterick, Francis n 
 
 Ball, Thomas Bolton. 
 
 Chandler, Joshua Hollies, N. H. 
 
 Crocker, Paul n 
 
 Chadwick, William m 
 
 Carter, Elias Leominster. 
 
 Coleman, James Dorchester. 
 
 Name. Keaidence. 
 
 Cole, John Juohegan, N.H. 
 
 Connunt, John Townshend, 
 
 Chandler, David Hollies, N.H. 
 
 Croker, John . . Lunenburg. 
 
 Carlton, Abraham <■ 
 
 Croker, James Narrugansett. 
 
 Crooker, Timothy Ciroreham. 
 
 Dalton, Thomas Lunenburg, 
 
 Dunsmore, .John m 
 
 Dasconib, James .... n 
 
 Davis, Joseph n 
 
 Davis, iSamnol n 
 
 Darling, John m 
 
 Darling, Timothy m 
 
 Dowing, Daniel Wilmington. 
 
 Douglass, Samuel Townshend. 
 
 i Fletcher, Jonas Lunenburg. 
 
 Fowler, Richard i. 
 
 Farwell, John n 
 
 Fuller, John n 
 
 Foster, Jeremiah Canada, 
 
 Fielder, Aaron Ipswich, N. H. 
 
 Fletcher, Paul Groton, 
 
 Gibson, Isaac Lunenburg. 
 
 Grow, John n 
 
 (iroodridge, Philip n 
 
196 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Name. KeHklenci'. 
 
 Goodridgc, Daviil Lurinnluir^, 
 
 Ooodi'iilgo, JohIiuh n 
 
 (liboriiet, William n 
 
 (iipHon, •lolin II 
 
 Gihson, Kuiilicii ii 
 
 UibHon, Joseph n 
 
 <iriiRT, Elijah n 
 
 ( ji'owiiig, Tiionias Lynn. 
 
 (i raves, llicliartl Narrai^ansett. 
 
 (•row, Joel EVtorshani. 
 
 Gi'uiit, ilonathan n 
 
 Gaudull, Jowph Boston, 
 
 Holt, Jonathan Ipswich, N.H. 
 
 Holt, William Luncnbin-g. 
 
 Hunt, Samuel Lunenburg. 
 
 Hutchins, Joshua h 
 
 Harding, Elijah (Jroton. 
 
 Harding, Andrew Littleton. 
 
 Hart, Eliene/.er Lunenburg. 
 
 HazelwcMxl, Nathan n 
 
 Hosely, JoHcph Narragansett. 
 
 Holden, Asa JShirley. 
 
 Hewey, Jolni Peterboro'. 
 
 Harper, Samuel Harvard. 
 
 Hinds, Jacob Greenwich. 
 
 Hinds, Benjamin h 
 
 Hinds, Joseph n 
 
 Hinds, Nehemiali m 
 
 James, William Lunenburg. 
 
 Judwine, William n 
 
 Jackman, Abner n 
 
 Larabee, Benjamin Lunenburg. 
 
 Lovejoy, John n 
 
 Lovejoy, Jonathan Hollies, N. H. 
 
 Merril, David Lunenburg. 
 
 Moffit, John Ipswich, N. H. 
 
 Mcintosh, Archibald Townshend. 
 
 Parker, Jonathan Lunenburg. 
 
 Plath, Nathan n 
 
 Name, RcHidence. 
 
 Page, Nathaniel Lunenburg. 
 
 P«)ol, Sanniel , n 
 
 Pool, James n 
 
 Page, David n 
 
 Poor, David Ipswich, N.H. 
 
 Read, James Lunenburg. 
 
 Reddington, Benjaiiiiri m 
 
 Rogers, Nathaniel Charlestown. 
 
 Reddington, Isaac I^unenburg. 
 
 Stone, Isaac Harvard. 
 
 Spofl'ord, Moses Lunenburg. 
 
 Sterns, Thomas m 
 
 Stiles, Levi n 
 
 Spollbrt,, Hradstreet " 
 
 Spofl'or 1, John . . Charlc.>4towu. 
 
 Stackwell, Ephraini Petersham. 
 
 Sawyers, J()se])h Soughegan, N. Fl. 
 
 Sawtell, Uriah Townshend. 
 
 Sowing, Ebenezer, jun Shirley. 
 
 Taylor, Aaron Lunenburg. 
 
 Taylor, Richard .. 
 
 Taylor, Caleb m 
 
 Taylor, Daviil n 
 
 Trumbull, < ieorge n 
 
 White, Jonathan Leominster. 
 
 Wilder, Thomas n 
 
 Wilson, Jonathan i. 
 
 White, Patrick Lunenburg. 
 
 Wyman, John n 
 
 Wallis, Benoni m 
 
 WetherlMj, Benjamin n 
 
 Wyman, i-^zekiel " 
 
 Whitney, Jonathan n 
 
 Wills, Isaiah <> 
 
 Willard, Jonathan .■ 
 
 White, John » 
 
 White, Charles 
 
 Whitney, Ephraim n 
 
 Wheelock, Abel Leominster. 
 
 The supplementary grant for the other nineteen shares contained the 
 following names : Erasmus J. Phillips, Henry Newton, John Newton, 
 Thomas Williams, John Taggart, Joseph Winniett, Benjamin Rumsey, 
 Erasmus J. Phillips, William Howe, Joseph Howe, Edward Howe, John 
 Harris, Jeremiah Rodgers, Rev. Thomas Wood and; Robert Sanderson, 
 
HISTOUV OF ANNAPOLIS. 197 
 
 all of Nova Scotia, and Joseph Bennett, of the Province of New York. 
 The condition of this grant was that five families sliould lie settled by 
 the grantees on oi- JKifore the thirty-first day of May, 1760. It is 
 probable th.'it this grant was cancelled owing to its conditions not having 
 Iwen complied with, as most of the lands seem t<» have been conveyed by 
 grants bearing dates irom 1761 to 1769. The lots of the Chesleys, the 
 Dodges, tlie Wades and several others were granted in 1764. Joseph 
 Milbury — the progenitor of the families bearing that name — was the 
 owner of two lots in 1770, and from an affidavit made by him in the 
 Farnsworth and Patten embroglio in 1763, it may be inferred that his 
 lands were granted not later than that year. Job Young, the ancestor 
 of the extensive and i-espectable family of that nan\e, must have been 
 settled here as early as 1760, for the census of 1770 afRi-ms that seven of 
 his children had been l)orn since his arrival in the Province. The same 
 thingmay be said of_niany othfti- families, notably of the Troops, the 
 Wheelocks, the~Bolsors and the WoodTjui-y's.™ 
 
 It is to be regretted the census return of 1767 is absent from the 
 provincial archives. The general results obtained by it, however, are at 
 hand, from which we learn that (Jranville contained a population of 
 38.'$ souls in that year ; that they were all Protestants ; that the famili es 
 wei'e all of American birth, with the exception of ten who were English, 
 of_eight who wei-eScoFch, of seven wiio were Irish, and ten others of 
 foreign birth, mostly German. These people were then possessed of 852 
 "head of horned cattle, 440 sheep, 30 horses, 157 swine, 12 fishing lx)ats 
 and 1 schooner. These particulars will enable the reader to compare the 
 condition of the township then with what it was three years later in 
 1770, when another census was taken the particulars of which, with the 
 names of the settlers, have been preserved, and which will now be 
 presented to the reader. That part of the return relating to cattle, 
 etc., will be stated in results only. 
 
 i =i- I i i = >. I .1 
 
 / namk. ;| I |: nam«. -ri I I 
 
 \ Brown, .losepli 5 I 3 [ Diidnoy, Samuel 3 .. 1 
 
 Baines, Nathaniel 4 2 2 1 Dodge, Asahel 3 1 2 
 
 \ Brown, John 2 2 . . 1 
 
 Bent, Samuel 8 2 6 i Fellows, Israel 7 2 5 
 
 Bolsor, Peter 3 1 1 Foster, Ezekiel 7 2 5 
 
 Fo.ster, Isaac }) 4 5 
 
 Farnsworth, Amos 5 3 2 
 
 Fletcher, Ensign David 10 2 8 
 
 Farnsworth, Jonas 2 2 . . 
 
 Farnsworth, Solomon 5 2 3 
 
 Chute, .Samuel 5 2 3 
 
 (■hesley, Samuel H 2 6 
 
 Glai'k , Thomas 2 . . 
 
 Coleman, John (J 2 4 
 
 Dodge, Isaiah 7 2 5 
 
 Dill, Daniel 3 3 .. 
 
 Graves, Lieut. William 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 ei- I .2 
 
 HarriH, Samuel 8 4 4 
 
 Hamiltnii, Andrew 4 2 
 
 Hill, John 5 '2 3 
 
 Hall, Joliii 7 •« 3 
 
 Hiimnion, ('liarlvH 2 
 
 Haynt'H, John 3 2 1 
 
 Hall, /acliuriah 4 4 
 
 Leonard, Jonathan 6 2 4 
 
 Longley, Inrael 4 
 
 Leitch, John 8 3 o 
 
 Munro, Col. Henry 9 1 7 
 
 Mai'Hhall, Isaac 3 2 I 
 
 Marshall, William 8 2 (I 
 
 Miller, FranciH 10 . . « 
 
 Morse, Rev. Azarelah 4 3 I 
 
 Morrison, John 
 
 Milhury, Joseph H 3 3 
 
 McKensie, Edward 8 7 
 
 Mc(Jregor, Thomas 4 . . 2 
 
 Parsons, John 4 2 
 
 Parker, Abijah 8 2 6 
 
 Prescott, Capt. Peter 1 1 
 
 Potter, James 4 2 2 
 
 Patten, Joseph 5 5 . . 
 
 Phinney, Isaac 8 2 6 
 
 Raddox, (Jeorge 3 . . 
 
 Robinson, Alexander 4 2 , . 
 
 Namr. ^ I 
 
 Uicketson, AU'dnugo 10 
 
 Roai^h, Patrick 6 
 
 Ray, Moses 4 
 
 Starratt, Peter 5 
 
 Stari'att, •losoph 4 
 
 Snow, Jabez 6 
 
 Shankel, (icorge 5 
 
 Sproule, Roliert 6 
 
 Shaw, Moses 8 
 
 Starks, John 8 
 
 Shafuur, Adam 7 
 
 Saunders, Timothy "77". 6 
 
 Spinney, Samuel tt 
 
 Troop, Valentine 9 
 
 TnKjp, .Jacob 2 
 
 Tucker, Richard 4 
 
 Trahee, Thomas 3 
 
 Wa<le, John 7 
 
 Wcxxlbury, Jonathan 9 
 
 Wooster, (ieorge 10 
 
 Witherspoon, John 8 
 
 Wheelock, Abel 8 
 
 Walker, Ann 6 
 
 Wier, Capt. Elias 8 
 
 Young, Job 9 
 
 Zinclairs, Frederic 3 
 
 I 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 •• 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 The township contpained 747 head of horned cattle, showing a decrease 
 on the number reported in 1767 equal to 13 per cent. ; 581 sheef 
 yielding an increase equal to 30 per cent. ; 60 horses, giving a gain equul 
 to over 50 per cent., and 104 swine, indicating a decrease of about 30 
 per cent. The two schooners were owned by John Hall and Joseph 
 Starratt, respectively, and the only sloop in the township found an 
 owner in John McGregor. The population showed a trifling increase 
 of 8 per cent. The English element had decreased, while the Scotch, 
 Irish and German had increased. The following families were either 
 in part or wholly German : Bolsor, ^ Dudney, Miller and Troop. Charles 
 Hammon and wife. Colonel Henry jMunro, George Raddox were all born 
 in Scotland. Patrick Roach and jwife, Moses Ray and family, Thomas 
 
 *The (Jernian fcA-ni is Baltzor. — [Ed.] 
 
 X 
 
 ?y 
 
 A^ 
 
 \ 
 
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 199 
 
 Traline ami wife, John MorriHuii aiui fiiinily, John ParHonH and wife, 
 and Petor Starratt and family wero all of Irish birth. 
 
 It will not \m out «>f placo hero to notice mune factN connected witli a 
 number of the persons whose names have l)een recorded in this the first 
 census of (}ranville n(»w extant. 
 
 Samurl Bent's descendants are very numerous, and many of them 
 stilljjBBide in the; township. 
 
 Petkk UoLHoii lieeame the progenitor of all tlie families l)earing that 
 ^name in the county. His grandchildren and great-grand»hildren occupy 
 homeste ads in Wihnot and other townships. 
 
 The family of Samuel Chute prove<l to be a very prolific «)ne, and his 
 descendants may be reckoned by hundrtKis. There is scarcely a county 
 in the Province that does not contain the home of one or more of them. 
 
 Samuel (yiiESLKv'a descendants are lK»th numerous and highly respect- 
 able. The present representative of the family is Thomas W. Chesley, 
 who is a barrister of the Supreme Court, as well iw one of the leading 
 agriculturalists of the county. 
 
 Josiah Do due, whose lots adjoined those of Chesle}, was also the 
 progenitor oi a large and respectable family. One of his sons was for 
 more than forty years a Justice of the Peace of the county. 
 
 Israel Fellows left sons from whom have sprung numerous families. 
 A distinguished descendant, James I. Fellows, has been mentioned on 
 page 158. 
 
 EzEKiEL and Isaac Foster, who were brothers, both left families that 
 have multiplied manifold. 
 
 Amos and Solomon Faknswoktu have descendants living to this day 
 in Granville, Wilmot and Aylesford, and the great-grandchildren of 
 W1LLIA.M (ittAVES are still to be found in the two latter townships. 
 
 Isaac and William Marshall were brothers. Previous to coming 
 here they were residents of Dedham, in Massachusetts. Their ancestor, 
 Williau) Marshall, who emigrated from England in 1G35, was a native of 
 Cranebrook, in Kent, and was born in 1595. He sailed for America on 
 the 17th of June, 1635, in the ship Abigail, Robert Hackwell, master. 
 The passengers by this ship were duly certified by the minister and a 
 Justice of the Peace as being Conformists, and as having taken the oaths 
 of allegiance and supremacy. Isaac Marshall was the progenitor of a very 
 numerous family. The late William Marshall, of Clarence Centra, was of 
 this branch of the Marshall tree. Asaph Marshall, Es*]., of Paradise, is 
 the representative of this family in the present generation. William 
 Marshall, whose wife was Lydia Willett, of Dedham — the maternal 
 great-grandfather of the author — had also a large ofispring, the members 
 of which have become very numerous. He settled in Granville in 1761, 
 where in 1771 he possessed two lots consisting of one thousand acres of 
 
200 insTOItV OI' ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 laud. AlM»ut tlio yi'iir 177<i lin scdd this pri>|K'rty iinil rfiiii»vo<l to 
 Wi>Ht*>i'ti Ooi'iiwalliH, wlit'i'f lie t>stiil)lisli(>(i ii ii(*w hoiiiit foi' liiinsi'lf aiui 
 family, lu 17^7 lie rtMiiovfil Win family ttiu'v mort) to <iraiivillt', and 
 shortly afUT li« viHited I'arr Town — now St. Jolin, N. IJ. — wlit'ic ho had 
 )>econi(t thn owner of a town lot, Haid to havt> Iteau that Ion){ since 
 occupied hy th»' London Houhp, on the north h'uU> of tlio marki^t s(juart\ 
 From this dato ho was novor aftorwards hoard froni. It is known that 
 after ho had concludod thu husinosx, which waH the ohjoct of his visit, 
 and no vessel being available to enable him to rocro.ss the bay, he 
 purcfiased snow shoes (it was about the bej^inninx of winter in 1787 or 
 178H) and provisions for the occasion, and announced his intention to 
 endeavour to reach his home by way of the isthmus of Baie N'erte. In 
 the attempt he perished ; at all events ho never again visited his home, 
 and it was generally believed that his body found a final resting place in 
 an inhospitable New Brunswick wilderness. 
 
 Valkntink Tuoop and his wife were (termaiis, and had been but a 
 year or two in New England before their migration to Granville. Their 
 eldest child only was born in Massachusetts. 11 is lot was situated a 
 short distance to the eastward of the village of (Jranville Ferry, just 
 alx)ve the lower narrows. The extreme frontage of it is still known as 
 "Troops Point," but made historic nearly half a century before his arrival 
 l)y a tragedy related in detailing the events of the unsuccessful attemj)t on 
 Port Koyal by the New England troops. Tliis worthy old (Jerman little 
 thought that liis great-grandchildren should become leading men in the 
 administration of public affairs ; that one of them should be chosen 
 " first commoner " in the land, und that others should become leading 
 merchants in the two greatest cities in the Maritime Provinces, yet such 
 has 1)00 n the ca.se.* 
 
 FitANcis MiLLKU, who, according to tradition, came from New York, 
 was also a Gernjan, or of German descent, and his two eldest children 
 were born before his arrival here. His descendants are very many, and 
 reside on Hanley Mountain and Clarence West, and in other localities. 
 
 Abijah Pakkkh and his wife were Iwrn in Massachusetts, but their 
 children were all of Nova Scotia birth. This family may be fairly 
 ranked among the prolific ones of the townslir). 
 
 Edwakd McKknzik, who settled in the western end of the district, 
 had a large family, and his grandchildren and great-grandchildren yet 
 inhabit the part of the county toward the settlement of which their 
 sturdy ancestor so largely contributed. 
 
 The families of Timotby Saunders and Samuel Spinney removed to 
 Wilmot and Aylesford, where they continued to increase and multiply, 
 and where many of them are yet to be found. 
 
 -[Ed.] 
 
 See the genealogy, post, for note? on the alleged German ancestry of the Troops. 
 
 D.l 
 
IIISTOIIV OK ANN'AI'f)I,IH. 201 
 
 Adam HniAKM'.u was » <i«!riniin Ity l>irtli, iirid on** of tli« (ifriniui 
 iminiKt'Hiits *){ I7'>2. 11*- did not n'miiiii long in [iUncnhuig wh(*n> ho 
 Krsl Mnttlod, but soon iifU'r the lulvcnt of tho New Kngliind settloiH li« 
 reniovod to (Jmnvillo whore lio Hxod liis iiIkmIo tor tlie renuiinder of his 
 life. His 8on Ferdiimiul, from wlioni th»' present ftimily are directly 
 descended, was Itorn at sea on the j)assa),'eof his parents from their father- 
 land. He succeeded his father in the possession of the homestemi. 
 At his deceaHe l>e left several sons and daughters. Of the former 
 there were at least tVjur, Ferdinand, Calel), James and John, every 
 one of whom left children, so that the name has l)ecome as conunon as it 
 is respectable, in (tr anville, A nnapolis and VVilmot . A great-great- 
 grandson of Adam Schafner has been a representative of the county in 
 tlie Tjt'gislative Assembly. 
 
 RoHKiiT Si'Hoi'LK, the father of a family whose male njenil)ers were the 
 e<]uals of the Uents and Youngs in muscular endowments, was a pioneer 
 .settler in this township. His de.scendants still occupy a place in it. One 
 of them, it is said, has become the pos,ses8or of considerable wealth in 
 Nevada, where he has iMsen employed for several years in mining pursuits. 
 
 Jonathan VV'ooumuv's* household in 1770 con.sisted of nine members, 
 two of which, himself and wife, were of Xdw England birth ; the remain- 
 ing seven, his children, were all born in Nova Scotia. Mr. Woodbury 
 owned the three lots (covering 1,500 acres), which were afterwards 
 known as the Millidge farm, long the property of Colonel Thomas 
 Millidge. One of these lots is that owned at his death in 1896, by John 
 Hernard Calnek. It is believed that some time after tiie arrival of the 
 fjoyalists Mr. Wotnlbury sold his lands to Millidge, and obtaineti a grant 
 of others in the township of Wilmot, to which he removed his 
 family al>out ten years before the commencement of the century. This 
 grant adjoins the Huggles grant on its western boundary, and was 
 therefore situated nearly midway between Gates' Ferry as* it was then 
 called, now Middleton, and Dodge's P^erry, 'ate Gibbon's. It was on this 
 block of land that the celebrated Spa spii.ig was discovered. Several 
 .sons and daughters survived him, though he lived to a very advanced age. 
 Two of his grandsons married granddaughters of General Timothy 
 Huggles. His descendants are numerous. 
 
 Groikjk Woosteh and his .'.'ife were of German birth, f but the eight 
 children that had blessed their marriage were all of Nova Scotia birth. 
 
 * Mr. Woodbury was a, physician by [)rofeHsion. 
 
 + The (lurinan origin of the Wooster family may be questioned. There are two 
 Now Knghind families, one descended from Rev. VVm. Worcester, or Worster, who 
 came over about l(i39, and another from I'idward Wooster, Woster, or Worster, of 
 Milfonl, Mass., in 1652, who had a son Henrj-, born August 18, 1666, who died in 
 tlie army in an expedition against Nova Scotia or Canada. Kdward left twelve 
 children, and one oi his descendants, David Wouster, was a distinguished general in 
 the Revolutionary army. — [Ed.] 
 
202 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 if the census return of that year is to be taken as a guide. The descen- 
 dants f)f this worthy couple are chiefly to be found in Lower Granville, 
 where they lived and died. 
 
 MosKs Shaw's descendants long maintained the ascendancy which their 
 founder gained and so worthily held in his adopted township. In ship- 
 building, in agriculture, in trade and commerce and other pursuits their 
 abilities and energies found congenial employment, and more or less profit. 
 This family has furnished in two generations two representatives of 
 the people to the assembly of the Province, — men who were eapal>le of 
 taking a respectable part in the deliberations of that body. 
 
 Job Young's " little one has become a thousand." The offspring of 
 his family are to be found in various parts of the county and country, and 
 have long been distinguished for personal strength and courage, as well 
 OS, generally, for industry and application to business. It was of a 
 branch of this family, that of the late Abraham Young, of Young's 
 Mountain, that the late Professor James F. W. Johnston wrote in his 
 " Notes on North America," when he said that a household existed in the 
 county, one of whose members could go into a forest and mark every 
 tree required for the construction of a ship ; that another could lay down 
 her lines and mould the timbers to their proper shape and dimensions, 
 while others were competent to perform the operations of caulking, 
 rigging and sailing her. Such have been the men furnished by our 
 pre-loyalist fathers, to whose pioneer labours we owe so much for the 
 present improved condition of the country. Surely no niggardly pen 
 should be used in recording the praises of such ancestors. If their eyes 
 could behold the scenes of their early labours and privations as they 
 appear to-day, orchards in the place of wilderness, and handsome and 
 substantial cottages in the place of log huts, , 
 
 "^ow would their hearts with purest pleasure swell, ^ 
 
 To see their early labours crowned so well ! " 
 
 Let us now take a step backward to notice some events of 1763. 
 Among the many curious papers which have been preserved through the 
 agency of the Commissioner of Records, I have found one relating to an 
 old and long-forgotten feud which possesses considerable interest besides 
 illustrating the fact that infant settlements are not exempt from the 
 strifes and conflicting interests that afflict and disturb older ones. Thii 
 dispute was between Joseph Patten and Amos Farnsworth, and had 
 reference to lot No, 77 in Granville. On Farnsworth's arrival in the 
 Province with his family, he proceeded to take immediate possession of 
 the lot which it appears had been previously assigned him. The following 
 affidavit states the facts as succinctly as possible, and I therefore 
 transcribe it verbatim : 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 203 
 
 " We the Subscribers being of Lawful age, Testify an<l say, that on the hit day 
 of November, 17(53, we were desired ))y Josepli Patten, of Annapolis Royall, Esquire, 
 to goe with him to his House in (Iranville on Lott 77, which we did, and when we 
 came there we saw Amos Farnaworth and wife and some children Standing l)y the 
 fire near said House, and Mr. I'atten said to Mr. Fai-nsworth that the Honourable 
 Committee had ordered him the possession and improvement of said Lott, But had 
 also ordered that in cose Amos Farnswortii Should come a Hearty Settler with his 
 family and stock before tlie last day of October, I7(>3, he shouhl have the Lott after 
 he the said Patten had taken off what he had Raised on said Lott, and was paid foi' 
 all the improvements He lia<l made on said Lott, whieii Conditions Mr. Patten 
 offered said Farnsworth to comply with, which Amos Farnsworth utterly Refused to 
 Comply witli, and said that he did not Look up])on what tlie Committee had done as 
 anything ; and Mr. Patten desired Liberty of said Faniswortli to take his goods and 
 effects off said place. But said Farnsworth utterly Refuseil Him Libei-ty to take 
 anything off the Place, and there was cattle on tlie said Lott near by and Farnaworth 
 said to Mr. Patten, if any of tliose cattle are yours take them away, for they shall 
 not Stay on the Lott ; and Mr. Patten forbid said Farnsworth from making any 
 improvf?ment8 on sd. Lott 77, or of taking things ott' His nntill He Had taken ofl" all 
 his Effects and was paid upon valuation for all He had done on said Lott : and on 
 the third day of November, 1763, we were desireil by Mr. Patten to goe with Him to 
 his House in Lott 77 which we diil, and we Saw Amos Farnsworth on the top of the 
 said House at work, and his wife in the House ; and Mr. Patten desired Amos 
 Farnsworth to Deliver Him the Possession of said House and of all his effects which 
 he had taken into His Possession, all which Amos Farnsworth utterly Refused to do 
 unless it were cattle, which if any He Required Him to take them away, and Mr. 
 Patten desired us to take notice of his Improvements and effects, etc. , which we did, 
 
 and further aaith not. 
 
 "(Sitfned), Joseph Milburv. 
 
 Job Youso. 
 "Granville, Nov. 3rd, 1763." 
 
 Three days after this affidavit was made Patten addressed a letter to 
 his attorney in Halifax, which was in the following terms : 
 
 "On the 28th October last Amoa Farnsworth Came to Annapolis and brought 
 with Him his wife, two Children, a negro, and an old horse not worth ten shillings, 
 and on the 29th he went up the river to my House and Lott 77 in Granville w ith his 
 wife and children, and by force and arms Brak open my House, then being locked 
 up and Put therein Sundry goods, I not l)eing present or knowing thereof ; neither 
 had He ever seen me or my family or Ever given any of us the least notice that he 
 was come or desired the Lott, and amediately seized on my Sider appela, Potatoes 
 and husbandry tules and everything that I had on the Lott and in the House, and 
 Converted them to his own use ; and on the first of November, 17()3, I and one of 
 my neighbours went to my House at about () o'clock in tiie morning, and 1 Hearing 
 a Noyse in my House unlocked my fore door and Looked into my House, and Saw 
 Amos Farnsworth going out at the end door of my house which He had broken down, 
 and I amediately shut to my door and was locking thereof on the outsiile of the 
 Housf* and Amos Farnsworth came behind me, and without ever speaking one word 
 to me Siruck me with his fist and almost knocked me down, etc. 
 
 " He and his family eat my Potatoes, Appels, Cabbidges, drink my Sider, make 
 use of my hu8ban<lry tules and lend them to others, and let out my Sider mill, etc. 
 And all this by the Advice of a certain man (you may judge who) that hath promised 
 
204 IIISTOIIY Ol' ANNAI'OI.IH. 
 
 oil! KarriHworMi Kuyiii^, ' If I'allnii HJiniiltl ( liiiiiini'in'i! iiii,v act inn In- woiilil (tii^'iiK'' 
 l\itt<^ii hIiimiIiI hmv tlui l:uH<^' I lUii not- at iiiiy Stiiiiil wlial. ('ot'rit of Law Id tiikt! in 
 Hiirli OiiHrH aH I liiiV)- til)' Law of Kn^lanil anil ol' lliirt I'rovinri' liy nut, But an to I In- 
 act of tliiH l''oi'i ililr cnlry or il<<laiMtii' I rannot liavr Ki'tn'lil Mnncof KH|Mirially now 
 S(|iilrii Hari'iH Ih not in tlio ('oiiiity, for Mr, Kvatm tohl inu that ho ili<l not know or 
 nnilt'iHtanil Law, iimi llial hit ni'Vitr had iloritt anything in thf ■IiiHtiiMt ollii'n, nor 
 nitvcr intcniliril to, anil unnlil not act ; anil aH t.hi^nt in nowhi-ir <tlHi< I ran apply to 
 with tint LitaHt KxptMttation of Having .InHtiriMlon)' nitt in thiHionnly nnli>MH it he by 
 an honi-Mt.lnry on which I ronlil Hafrly Kttly. Knt. it' lint •Inry Hhonlil hit |>irkitil anil 
 hi'ilii'il to Hitrvi' a 'I'lirn, whii'h I ilan- not nay Math not liiti-n tint ( 'aHf in a certain 
 (Jonnty in tluM I'rovinci'." 
 
 Mr. I'attiiM cliiHitH this part, of liis htttitr l»y di'siriiij? his <!iirr<'H|M)iMl<tnt 
 to Hitiiil iiitii a writ, of uMjU'liiiK'nt, "Tliat I may olhich ihr wf/rii and 
 «!vi'rytliiiif{ tliat I''ariiswoi'tli is |)ohsi',shi'(1 of," anil iiistriiitts liirii toilitHitrilx* 
 the lii'fitiiilanl. in tint writ, as "Amos KarnHwoitli, of (iroton, in tint (>ounty 
 of Miilillc.Hitx, in (Jilt I'rovinri* of MaHHaitliiiHi'tt.H Ituy, in Nrw iOn^lanil, 
 Inislianilman, ritsiili'tit in (iranvillit, in tint (.'oiinty of Annapolis, in tint 
 I'rovinrit of Nova Sitotia, lnisl>ainlinan." Hit ri)nritii|i-H liis litn^t.liy Icttrr 
 with t.ho suhjoini'il poslHi-ript : 
 
 " I'ray sitnil nm hy a Very Safe llaml, a.nil as soon as I'oMHihlc anil aH private 
 aJHo, aH iiohoily knowH heritof at AnnitpoliH ; for the MickniacH are aInioHt reaily to 
 .lump out of their SkiiiH, Moping that hy all their |)evilliy they Hhall iliHconra>(e ine 
 from livin){ in the Oonnty, or at Ijcant' from Stamling l>y the people ami liy oih' 
 LihertieH, 
 
 "Sir, it Ih aH l<',vi<Ii)nt as wonlH (^'an make it that Aiiioh l'°a run worth Math no 
 intent to Siiititl in thin ('onntry, for I can I'rovit that when Mr. lOanHon MNkeil him 
 for the money that^ Me oweil Mini, KariiHWort Ii'h aiiHwei was that he iliil not lirinf{ 
 ilown money to I'ay Mini, hut that. Me woiilil give Mini i\ Hoinl for it ami I'ay Mini 
 an Hoon an Me lonlil Settel tint iillairH of Min Lotts at (iranville anil Sell lliem ; anil 
 liiH wife anil negro hath tnlil many peiHorm that they iliil not ( !onie tn Setlel in 
 < iranville any longer than till .Spring, anil that they hIioiiIiI Iveliirri this l<'all in ( 'amt 
 tlwiy (!oiilil Set.tel their alVaiiH, etc. 
 
 " I am iletermineil to follow the ( loinmittee'H (of ( loiincil) orileiH an far as poHHihle 
 anil to tiike Sanctuary in the Law from hiicIi nnhearil of AIhihi', ami if the Sivel 
 liaw failn, I know of hut one more, which, an things are Cnrrieil on I fear will wion 
 hit maile iiHc of among some of the I'cople although I uhc my illmoHt I'liiileavor to 
 Provent it. 
 
 "I have wrote to my gooil IOhij. Marrin to Supply yon with money. I hail 
 Hecurcil the Siiler piirpoHcil for you hefoie KaiiiHWort h (Niiiie, Itiit the liarril of 
 appelM Me hath I'lat. up. 
 
 "I'ray Kxcuhc my 'I'louhliiig you after IliiH .Sortii anil Let me Hear from you hy 
 tJiii lirst safe opportunity, ymir gooilneHM Herein HJiall ever he ilnly acknowleilgeil hy 
 your llimeHt frieiiil, most oheilient anil nioHt. ohiig'til ami very hiimhlit iSitrvaiit. 
 
 "(Sgii.), .fosKi'ii I'A-rrKN. 
 
 " AimapoliH, (Hli Nov., I7(i:«." 
 
 On tin; 7th of Uio Hamo month hit ohtainitd anoMiitr alliilavit 
 from .losit|ili Milliury touithin^ anolhiti' assault madit upon him l>y 
 
IIISTOIIY OK ANNAI'or.lS. 20i> 
 
 i'^ii'iiHwortli wliicli Im' (MK'liiHcd Willi the iilinvi^ <-(iiniiiiiiiicalii>ii Im IiIh 
 llHlil'ax r(ii'i'cs|ioriili'nt, and on lli<^ Mt.li wiolr to him ii^iiiii in llirsi- 
 wociIh : 
 
 "I rri'i'ivi'il vmii' lii'H|i<'c'li'cl liivnr (|ir. Ml. Wiiili') nl Ilii'Citli iriNlaiit. iiliil Iiii|M' 
 lliiit yiiii lliiAc my Lrllci of llic nmiim' cIii!i' iiihI nil my ulliri |iii|H'rH tli(tr(<willi 
 N(!||t yon. I hIioiiIiI Hmvc iimcdintcly diovc iMil olil IwiiiiMWorl li iH'cordiiifi to your 
 iidvii'i' lull t hat .liiili/i //(Iff/ diHWiiiiIrd MM' lioiii il, iiiitill I Hlioiild lliivc ii Ki'liirii 
 liniii yiMi III' my t.ctlt'i' <>r t III' III li iiihIiiiiI , liii I liiil. iii'it her yiiii iini' lliit lliinoiiiiililc 
 ( ''iiMmll III' Mud Iti'i'ii iiiloiiiii'd III lilt' Siippi iHiii;; ('oiidiii'l ol Aiiioh Kiiiil'^wiii'I Ii 
 liiwiii iIh mr ill Slliidiy lti'H|iirtM, imd llirir IN a llo|ivliil I'loHjinrt id tlii' ('null iil 
 r'ommoii I'li'iis IkiIii;; alli'ii'd I'or ltl<i ^ood of Hn'. (loiiiifiy, ynii will IMfiiHO li> 
 ('oimidoi' wIioiiIIkm' if will lir ISi'Hf to ('oiiiiiiiuk'i- IIki arlioii iifc llalil'iix oi' not. 
 Tlioi'K lliilli not hill',; Ki'iiiai Kalilc hii|i|i<uit'.d Hiiirr my IjiHt, Inif Kai'iiHWorfli(!iiMlJinii'M 
 to l>i'H|iiMr and lii'jii larli thi' lliiiioiiralili' < 'ommil lie, ( 'oiii|iiii iii^ t hnii to old a|i|i<-l 
 woiiH'ii, and KciiiiiTH Ihiil he llalh Ninh I'lriitifiil Mioirh. I'm iiitiii and liniMf witlioiif 
 LaliKiii'in^ fur It. Nir. Itrnjaiiiiii riiiiiiHry .Scnl fur mi' llii' iitlici day Mml Maid that 
 I hIioiiIiI iiiaUt' HoiiK' Itliiiidi'i' or MiHialio and Hurl iiiyHi'If. Ili' would iiiloiin mi' 
 that III' had takrn down what, the Halifax ( 'oinmiflri^ had lUili'ii'd ( 'oiirt'iniii^ it 
 hull. 77, which wuH, t.liat. fhr I'lmHiwHioii of Hiiid l<i>tt wiih Ktwrvnl to KarnHwortli, 
 and that ll« hIioiiIiI Havii iimrdiafr I'oHHi'HNion uh hooii iih Hit Ciiiiic down, and 
 that llti had an undoiilil<id ri^lil to all fhr CropN, and lo all on tlm I'lai'i-, Ihi |itiyin){ 
 nut for uiy liuprovi'mt'iitH ; hut 4'ould not. nIiow it iinilrr I lie ('oiuiuit Ii'i'h Hand, and 
 aH I hIiouIiI do notliiu){ ('ont.rary to what, you and the llonoiiiahlc ( 'oinmiltrit hIuiII 
 ordrr, I tlHiri'foii- wait your fiirtlu'r adviir and lirj^ jravc lo Siilr<i'rilMi iiiyHi-lf, 
 i'U:. 
 
 " {i^H'^-), iloslini I'.X'ITKN. 
 
 " AnnapnliK, Nov. Mill, 17«3." 
 
 I'Voin Mid i'r(;itiil ill an olil lioiid in t.lir ar(<liiv<<,s linarin^ iial.«t .laniiary 
 .'(r<l, 171)1, it lia.s loti-n ini'itrmd tlia.t tlit; uiitliorit.ir.s finally granted the 
 diH|)iiti*d lot !.<> i'at.l.fii on t.li<- (Mindit.ion t.liai \\v. HJiould |iay lo /''nriisirorth 
 Huch an amount for tin- irnprttvoiiKints niad<> hy liiiii as iiii|iar(ial 
 arliil.rators hIioiiM dcclarit ; a fact wliiitli can only Im; accounted for l>y 
 assiiiniii^ that' Kaniswoi-th had iiiadit ini|irovcni(!ntH on the furin hitfont 
 1 70.'{, whitth Httcin.s proliahht <'no\i).;h from a reference in the (;oi-n!- 
 Npon<l(>nce (|ll<>(.<^(l, in which Patten HpeakH of the iii(hti)tiMlneH,s of the 
 former to ICasHon, and that the lat'titr had ociMipied the laixlH and the 
 ImprovemeiitH in the l>elief that l''a.riiH\vorth would never return to cdaim 
 tliem. 
 
 Conn(;ct()(i witli this all'air is an luutount rendered liy I'litten for 
 sundries ex|Ktn<l(Ml hy him on the (lisputed lands, from which may he 
 gathered some information regarding the value of lahour, iiimher aii<l 
 farm produ(;<t at this time. l<'rom it we Ntarii that hoards were wiirtli 
 $M.0() per thousand superlicial fectt ; hay, fO.Ott per ton ; cider, if'J.t'O 
 per harrid ; potatoes, '10 cents per husliel ; barrels for cider or (IhIi, 
 60 cents (tiich ; ciirpenter's daily wage, HO (tents ; and fence jamts 
 (morljced), 10 c«*nts. 
 
206 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 As it is believed any statement relating to the original ownership of 
 the Granville lots will prove of interest to the reader, the subjoined 
 document is inserted : 
 
 " Know all men by these presents, tlint whereas the Lott No. 98 in the township 
 of (Jranville was drawn and first Designed for Ricliard Mott, then not present, nor 
 of full age, I liaving answered all Denian<ls in his absence Relative to said. Lott ; 
 this is therefore to Certify that the said Riuiiurd Mott Has fidly paid me for said 
 Charges, and that as the said Lott nas placed in my name Dtn-ing the said Mott's 
 absence, I fully Resign my Rights to the said Lott to the damage (nic) o{ said Mott ; 
 und further, I engage to assist all in my {)ower to Have the same Recorded to 
 Richard Mott, as Witness my Hanil this 19th March, 1764. 
 
 " (Signed), Pardon Sanders. 
 
 '• I do hereby Certify that the above is a true Copy of the Original. 
 
 "(Signed), Joskph Winniktt, 7./"." 
 
 This township was admitted to the privilege of representation by a 
 resolution of the Assembly in 1764, and in the succeeding year Colonel 
 Henry Munro became its first representative. Having resigned the trust 
 after two years' service he was succeeded by John Hicks, who was elected 
 in July, 1768, and who served until the general election which took place 
 in 1770, when the seat was conferred upon John Harris, who held it till 
 1772, at which time it pas.sed to Christopher Prince. 
 
 The river fisheries of the county w^ere considered objects worthy of 
 prosecution and preservation from its first settlement. They were for 
 many years placed under the control of the Court of Sessions, a policy 
 which was finally abandoned many years after at the suggestion of the 
 late Judge Wiswall, to the great regret of the majority of the people 
 interested in them. At the April Term of the Court in 1772 the follow- 
 ing regulations were made : 
 
 " Annapolis SS. In consequence of the within Presentment of the Court of 
 (General Sessions of the Peace, do order and make the following Regulations for the 
 River fishery in said County, viz.: That the Persons hereafter named be Overseers 
 or Directors of said fisheries, and that they or a major part of them agree on a time 
 and place for people to attend the business in any places for fishery purposes ; and 
 that they give public notice thereof at least ten days before the time so agreed on in 
 order that persons may know of the time and place for them to have the privilege of 
 fishing at the proper seasons, and the said Directors or a major part of them present 
 at each public place of fisherj' shall be and are hereby clothed with full power to 
 order and direct in said fishery, that no injustice be done to any person in dividing 
 of the fish, each person shall receive in proportion to the woik and expence they 
 iiave done or been at in catching said fish from time to time in the judgment of said 
 Directors, and that the following persons be and are hereby appointed the Overseers 
 or Directors in said affair for the ensuing year: John Hall, J. P., Moses Shaw, 
 Abednego Ricketson, Andrew Hamilton, John Langley, Francis Lecain, Captain 
 Webber and John Dunn, and that no person shall or may presume to set up or make 
 weirs or draw any seines for the fish at the public places of Bear River and the 
 ■Joggins, without the direction or consent of the Directors on penalty of the law." 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 207 
 
 It seems dirticult to believe that the two places here especially indicated 
 should have been the only ones yet discovered in the basin, yet such 
 seems to have Ijeen the fact. The only means to prove that herrings 
 were to be caught in any particular place seems to have been by building 
 weirs there, and as this was a work of considerable expense and great 
 labour, it is possible that the " bars " at .Goat Island and elsewhere had 
 not, up to that time, been thus tested. 
 
 Any sketch of the history of this township would be imperfect if it 
 omitted to notice what has lieen called the Shaw embrogli*}. In the 
 autumn of 1776, the year of the famous Declaration of American 
 Independence, a number of the rebels of Maine, in conjunction with 
 some disaffectetl inhabitants of the St. John River in New Brunswick, 
 made a hostile demonstration against the County of Cumberland, in this 
 province, which had hitherto remained faithful to the Mother Country, 
 and during this period, William Shaw, colonel in the militia, called out 
 a number of men under his command to perform garrison duty at 
 Annapolis, and at the old Scotch Fort, in Granville. It was afterwards 
 alleged that Shaw had drawn pay for these men but had neglected to 
 disburse it ; or, that the services for which the Government had granted 
 pay had not been performed as stated by him in his accounts. The 
 following cori'espondence and attidavits will enable the reader to 
 understand the matter more clearly : 
 
 " Siij, — Agreeahly to your Coninmntla signified to us in a Letter from Mr. 
 Secretaiy Bulkcly, wo liave examined upon oath the principal part of the people 
 employed l)y Col. Siiaw in mounting (iuard and doing other military duty during 
 the course of hist Winter. Copies of the several Depositions we iierewith enclose 
 by whioli it will appear that such duty has actually been performed ; that several of 
 them had l)een j)aid in part for their Services, and the Common people had received 
 the strongest assurance from Mr. Sliaw that he would use his endeavors to procure 
 for them from government Pay and Provisions during the time they had served. It 
 also appears that col. Siiaw had been at considerable expense in procuring for them 
 Fuel, Candles and other Necessaries, particidarly for the (lUard kept at the Scotch 
 Fort. We must furtiier beg leave to assure you from our personal knowledge, that 
 the Duty was punctually performed at the period set forth in the Depositions, and 
 we may venture to say (as far as can be judged from Circumstances) that the 
 preservation of the place is owing in a great measure to the spirited Exertions of the 
 few Inhabitants associated with colonel Shaw for that purpose. 
 
 " We shouUl have hail the honour of transmitting you these Depositions soimer, 
 but that the people were disposed about their fishery and other business, so that it 
 was not possible to collect them, and there are still more who have done duty and 
 whose Deposition may hereaftei- be taken if thought necessary. 
 " We are with great Respect, Sir, 
 
 " Your ipost obedient and most humble servants, 
 
 " (Signed), Joskph Winniktt. 
 
 Thomas Wim.i.vms. 
 " Annapolis Royal, July 2511), 1777." 
 
20H 
 
 IIIHTOItV (»r ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 Willi lliJH l('( (,»•!• WHS Hciil, /I " Kct.iirn nl' inm riiiMi-d liy ('iiliiiii'l Mlmw, 
 of I. lilt Alitia|iiiliH iiiililiji tor iJii! ilittViirn of l.lin I'roviiicc, iliiiiii^ tJio 
 iiiviiHioii, liy llir (AiiK'i'iiHii) D-lii^lls ; lliat is In Hiiy, tVoiii Mio I'Jlli iliiy 
 of Nov., I77<i, Id l.lic iMlli day of I »••( r, following iiiiiliixi vi-," Tliis UnI. 
 iH liiTit ;{ivrii, l\\i: iiatiK-s liav'iii;r liciwi placfil in alplialioliral ordi-r. It. 
 will \>i: found of iiiliti'i'Hl, l,o (lie, aiilii|iiai'iiiii iradt'i'. 
 
 Alli'ii, Ji'ii'iiiiiili. 
 
 AlllllllH, .Illllll'H, 
 
 Ak'O'iI, •IiicI/iIi, 
 Ai'IimIi'iiii^, Kjrliiinl. 
 Alli'ii, AiiiliroNd, 
 
 Klll'IIHlil'lll, .luilll'H. 
 
 Iliilki'y, .liiliii. 
 
 lll'I'llHI.X, l'llill|l. 
 
 JtiTWnU, ( Jcui(<t'. 
 Itiiiiii>iiil,,l(<'iijiiiiiiii. 
 lintiiii'lt, 'riiiiiniiN. 
 Kiilli'i', l''.l<'ii/.)'i'. 
 
 ItHI'llltM, Sl'lll. 
 
 liciit-y, ■loNopli. 
 
 ('Iiiircliill, LuiiiiMiJ. 
 (!iii'tiH, Williiiiii. 
 (/'lorkiM', Siiiiniiil. 
 ( liimliy, KlxtiK^/.iir. 
 ('I'imliy, iliiiiiilJiiiii. 
 (Jiill'rriii, VVilliiiiii. 
 ^',iHl,^^\li, llxnry, 
 ( 'oiliy, 'riiiiliiaM. 
 ( 'lainiii<:i'N, ■liiliii. 
 Oli'iivitr, Mi^iijaiiiiii. 
 (Jliuiikliii', Kdwurd. 
 
 Diiilnxy, Sainiii<l. 
 DaviH, iIdIiii. 
 DiirkiM!, IMiiiitwiH. 
 Davy, 1101111. 
 l>Hi'lin).(, llfiiiiiiiiiii. 
 Dtiii'y, Momm. 
 
 KIIIh, l<iliiiii«/.itr. 
 Klili'ity, jtariialias. 
 Kl.wi-11, Nallianii'l. 
 Klli'iiwiHxl, Saiiiiicl. 
 
 I''iiili, Jiiliii. 
 
 (iiMlfrcy, I'liiirc. 
 (Jmvrii, I'lihiik. 
 (iiiwaii, I'aiil. 
 (iiilliHliiii, Sli'|ili<'ii. 
 (iillillan, iliiiiiiiM. 
 
 Illll'l ih, 'riKllllllH ( Adjt.). 
 Ililliiilinii, (JliHH, < ii'ci. 
 lliirriH, lldiiry. 
 lliMi|H'r, K/i^kii'l. 
 IlililiMi'il, Kira/.i'i'. 
 lliiliiiMiiii, Axa. 
 IliMHJiall, William. 
 
 llolllllW, l'llll'){. 
 II<I|HI\V, l)ii.vii|, 
 
 Hilton, AiiioH. 
 Kxllry, ,laiiii-H. 
 
 KillK. (i<M)l'i{<l. 
 
 Kdlliiy, VVilliaiii. 
 Lrniiii, FraiiciH. 
 
 IjI^wIh, ,llllllt-H. 
 
 l<*Mtaiii, 'riioiiiiiH. 
 Liimlry. •lol>». 
 1,1'raiii, Frniir.iH, mi-ii, 
 
 Mit(>i'aw, John. 
 MrKriiHio, liUw/MV (l<i<nil. 
 .VIoiriMoii, liiliii. 
 MorriMon, •lolin. 
 MoiriHiin, AlcxaiDldr. 
 .Mor^iin, 4ii;or^ii. 
 Morgan, •loliii, 
 .VIoriiif{, TlioiiiaM. 
 
 I'it until, iloHltpll. 
 I'liiiill, Kilwitrd. 
 
 l'r<IV<!IH'(!, ilollll, 
 
 I'liirkliiiiii, Kd vviinl. 
 I'i'iil, jlavid. 
 
 KiC'llJlldHIIM, illlllll. 
 KollillM, •lailll'M. 
 
 KoliiiiHiin, .lalii'/. 
 Koiirli, John. 
 Kil.hi.', John.V' 
 Kiiy, <liiiiii'H. 
 IIiiMl , NathiiiiH-l. 
 
 Sliaw, VVdIiiiiii (( 'i>\.). 
 Shoiicll, Ill-Ill y. 
 Skulton, .loliii. 
 .Sliiiii'l, JoMi'|ih. 
 Slayiiiiui, l''|iliriiiiii. 
 Saiiddi'H, John Hill. 
 S.oK,, David. 
 HaiidtH'H, .loMd|ih. 
 .Shaliii-i', Aditiii. 
 Mliii'k, .lohn. 
 
 Tiirfniy, .loHhiia V. 
 'rhoiiipHOli, (idolf^C. 
 
 Trohiiy, 'I'Iioiiiiih. 
 
 Utiiiy, Nathan. 
 
 Vooiicy, .laintiH. 
 
 WilliuiiiK, 'rhoiiiiiH. 
 WinnicU, Mallhiiw (Miijoi). 
 
 Wol'l.llIT, (ilMir^ll. 
 
 Woil hdi-, Mi.haol. 
 Worl.hrr, (idor^it, jiiii. 
 Worthy lako, KhiUKiMir. 
 WilhaiiiH, (!ii-Har. 
 Waliiuiii, .liiHpiM'. 
 
 /))i)(lil(ir, Ki'dddi'ii' 
 
 X- 
 
 /'•;' 
 
 'rim d)t[ioNi(.ioriH loforntd to in tint for«i;{oiri^ littUtr wttni |iartly made 
 Ixtfoi'ft •luHopli I'attiin and •ioliri Wadt;, and partly iHtfoti; Winni«)tt an<l 
 
HIHroKV o|. ANNAI'OMS. "JOJJ 
 
 VVilliiiiiiH. 'I'liimt' <it' .liiincs lltii'iiMficlil, llitii'v Slianki-I, Ailiiiii Srli/ifimr, 
 ArrliilMild iMorrisoii, (iriir^r \ViM*sl.<'r, .loliri SliiikH, •Iiiiiicm l.t^wis iinil 
 Williiiiii I Ii'iihIiiiw wrrr iiiadt' lirl'iirr I. lit- t'lMliii'l', iiikI IIkihi- of •liiciili 
 WiwiMtrr, <Jcui|^r Scliiil'ni'r-, •liiliii Wliil.i', Micliiii-I WimihIci', ( 'liiiihis 
 I liiiiiiiioiiil ami .Inliii S|<cl(.<iii — ridl. one. of wlioin wrol.i' his iiaiiii- wt-rr 
 iiiailr lifl'oir (In- lallcr. 'I'Iii'mi- (li'|i<mil.i(iiiH liorc ilali- .Inly TtlJi, 1777. 
 < )ri (Jif J.'lrd of IJk* Haiiii- iiioritli Majnr VViniiirll jiimI <«i-)ii'^'r 'riiiiiM|iMiiii 
 iiiailr IIk^ l'i>i|iiwiii;{ alliiliivil.M, wliicli Hcrin to liavr liccii iiid'tiilfd In 
 I'flii'vc ( .'oliini'l Sliaw of one of tlir cIimi'^iim inaili^ a^'aiiiHl liiin, nainrly, 
 llial. Iiit liail si-iil< in a faJMc arroiinl. to iJir ( JovrriiiiK'iil. in wliicli rliar^ns 
 w<ir<i made for Mrrvicch iif\<T rcndiTcd ; 
 
 " Aliii/i|ii>llM SS, Miilllii'W Wiiinicll. uml (icor;/,'' 'riii)iii|»Miiri Im-iiij.; iliily hwihii, 
 IrHlifv mill Hikv Hint ii|Miii I III' lii'Mt aim Ml nl ('iiiiilii'ilmiil liriii)^ Iiiv«hIi'iI liy llin 
 Ki'Iii'IIh, mill I'lil, I'liliri' lir^^lrrl 111^ In riill Mii' ('iiiilily MllillH liij^fl lire, a .M)'rliii){ lit 
 till* liiliiiliJIiiiilH iif lliJH 'I'liwii wiiH iiiittiiiiliatxiy I'll 'il, wliiiii It wiiH iinmiiiiiiiiiHly 
 imii'i>i\ lliiil it wall iii'i'fMHiii V III Ui'i'i* a I'li^iiliii' mill rniiHtant liiiiinl fur I lii< ili'fi-iii:ii, 
 whii'li WIIH iiiiiiii'iliatrly rariji'il iiilu I'llnrl , iiii<l iiiiil iiiiiril witliiiiil iiiti'riiiiHHJiiii I III 
 t III- arrival of IiIh MajrHl.y'H Sliiiip of war Viilhnr aliniit ( 'liriMhiiiiK. Ami iih an 
 i^iiroiirii^iiliiitiil iif I III- i:iiiiiiiiiin l'itii|ili< III |H*rMi-vi>rii in llinir iiiiiliMlakiiiK, ('nl' Shaw 
 Itiailr llii'iM r<-|M'iiti'il |iriiiiiiHitH that hr wiiiilil iihi< Iiih iiilliiKtiri' to iilit.aiii liii' IIdhii I'ay 
 mill I'iiivIhIiiiih illirili)^' t lir t.lliir lliry W'l'ii' I'liililnyi'il i||miIi Htiiil MiM'vicrH. 'I'liat mi or 
 iiliiiiil till* l.'ltli Mai I'll, lirili)4 almiiii'il with tlii' in rival of mi iiriiinl forii' iii I hi' KiiHiii 
 with mi inlrlil. Iiiiillin'k t lir Tnwii, Wi' wi'ir MKnili rallril ii|iiiii liiilii Military iMll.y, 
 whii'li waH from I hat linii' riiiil.iiiiiiil fur alioiit tliri^i' wri'kH, miil that iliiiiii^ tJin 
 limr Ihr hiilii'M wmr |)i'rfiiiiiii'il IIii'mi* ilr|iiimiiit h, tiij;irthrr with I'ol. Shaw ami Mr. 
 VVillimiiH, liaviii^; in rotiilioti hml t.lir (Jmi'of tin- (iiianlH art' kiiiiwiii;{ to tlirir having 
 lii'i'ii fiiriiiHhi'il with I'roviMiiiiiH, l<'iri'iii^ ami ('aiiilli'H. 
 
 " (.Si)<nril), Mati'iiiiw \V i s n iI';i"I', Majin-. 
 
 (iKiilu;!; 'j'noMi'SON. 
 " Aiiiia|iiiliH, .Inly -Ilril, 1777." 
 
 AnolJii'i' allidavil was iiiadi- liy llif adjiifaiil i-iii|tioyi'd, ajid iion roiii 
 iiiiHHioiHtd ollirrrM iiiidi-r liini as follows: 
 
 " 'riioimiN llarriH lirin){ iliily sworn, ili^rlarrH that il|ion l.lm lirst aiiiriii of (/iinilicr' 
 laiiil lining iiivi'Mtril hy I Im Hrlii'lls, wliiili In I In* lirsl, of his ri'iimtiilirani r was on or 
 Mliiint. thii I'illi ilay of Novriiihiir, a niitiHing wits ralloil of l.lir inhiiliiliinlM of lhi< 
 town of Aiiiiii|iiilis, wlii'ii il WIIH agri'itil tliiit a iniiHlmit, <iiim'i| or W'lilih hIiuiiIiI lir 
 kiipl for till! Ki'fi'nrr of t hr |ilari' wliiih WIIH a(iiiriliii;^ly riinliiiiiril till tin* arrival of 
 his Miajosty's Hhi|i Vnllini. TIimI ii|ioii t hi' ni'ihihI alarm of mi ai iiii'il fnnn liiiinj^ in 
 tin* Kasiii iin or alioiit I In* niiililli> of Mar(*li, Ihr [>i'|ioMrnt was ii^'ain iiillril w|iiiii to 
 ill) Duty, whii:h was i'iintiiiin*il at that I inn' a furl iii|.'lit ui' lliri'i' wn-ks. 
 
 " (f>iK"""')> 'I'lluMAS IJAItUlM, Al/Jllllllll." 
 
 " |i'i'mii*is (.ri'ain riiiiliiimi mi oiitii Ihr |iii'i'i'ilinf; I trpoHit ion of ThmiiiiH llairiK in 
 I'vrry |iiirlii:iiliir. 
 
 "(Signi'll), KllANCIH l,l,l \IN," 
 
 I'i 
 
210 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 " Philip Beitiiux, lit'iiig duly hwoim, <leclaic« that Military Duty had Ihicii done 
 find Guurdfi kept a» in altovc set fmlh in the DcpoHitioii of Thoinas MarriH. 
 
 "(^*iK"ud). I'liiMi- Mkktaix." 
 
 " The forcgiiiiig T)c|M>8itiiinH were taken iiefure ub. 
 
 "('Signed), Joseph VVinmktt. 
 
 Thomas Williams.'' 
 
 The.se atKdavits .settled one of the charges made against Colonel Shaw 
 in his favour beyond dispute. On the other he was unable to make so 
 triumphant a reply, for a oonnnittee of the House of A.s.scfmbly, to whom 
 the matter was finally referred, rcptjrted that lie had been overpaid by 
 the G<»vernment in a small sum which he was ordered to refund. It 
 may be fairly assumed that Joseph Patten, who appeals to have been 
 tli(! demagogue of the time, was the instigator and promoter of these 
 charges against Shaw, for, in a note to Colonel Fiovett, dated July, 1777, 
 he says : " 'Tis to be observ(;d that upon the examination of the above- 
 named persons that they almost all of them declared that they did not 
 know that Colonel Shaw had received any pay for any services that they 
 had done for the Government." Shaw was ont; of the members for the 
 county at this period and the succe.ssor of Patttin, and it is probable that 
 the former had excited the rancour of the latter by his political action. 
 Shaw was afterwards SheriH' of the County of Halifax, the Jir.st sherifl" 
 of that county. 
 
 Samuel Harris kept the Annapolis Ferry in 1777-71^. He was a 
 -settler in Cranville, and owner! the lands on which the village of 
 Granville Ferry now stands. 
 
 The following letter to the Provincial Treasurer will explain itself: 
 
 " AsNAi'OLis Royal, ManOi '20tli, 1778. 
 " Sir, — Agreeahle to an order from the Lieutenant-Governor of the 8tli January 
 last, wo herewith enclo.se you an account of all tlie moneys received and ex])eiided by 
 u» in making and repairing the roads and bridges within this county, also a list of 
 non-resident and delini{ucnt proprietors. 
 
 "(Signed). .losKrii Win.vikit. 
 Phinkas Lovktt. 
 Christophkr Prini'e. 
 Henry Evans. 
 Thomas Williams." 
 
 Of these Prince was the only one residing in Granville. 
 
 Among the names of the non-resident proprietors appears that of 
 Marmoduke Lamont, who was " Clerk of the Cheque " at Annapolis in 
 1759-60. In the draft of a grant of the township of Granville extant in 
 the archives of the Province, and which was prepared by order of 
 Governor Wilmot, is this clause, " and unto Marmaduke Lamont two 
 
HISTOItY OF ANNAI'OMS. 211 
 
 sliai'e.s," whicli would hiiv«> l)0(>n one tlutUMiind iici'on. Mr. Luiiiotit was 
 tlio fifHt roj^istnir of deeds for the county after the advent of the New 
 Kn^laiid settlers in 1700. The hook of registry kept hy liiin is still 
 pre.served, and may he found in the office of the Hej^istrar at Bridgetown. 
 He was succeeded in that olHce by Jose])h Winniett, on his retirement, 
 wliich was caused by his removal to Jamaica or other of tlie West India 
 Islands, from which he nevei- returned. 
 
 Benjamin Runisey, the progenitor of all the Kuniseys of the Frovitice, 
 was a grantee of one thousand acres of land in (Jranville. He was also 
 a "Clerk of the Che(|ue," and for many years an inhabitant of Annapolis. 
 His descendants reside in various sections of the county, but chietly in 
 Granville and Wilmot, and one of them has been a pi'ominent merchant 
 in the city of Halifax. They have always maintained a respectable 
 j)osition in the county. 
 
 We have now reached the period when the township received an 
 impul.se in the expansion of its population and the development of its 
 resources unknown to its previous history. The llevolutiomiry War in 
 America, which had deluged the older colonies with blood, had been 
 crowned with success to the revolutionary malcontents, and thousands of 
 persons were exiled from the homes of their childhood ajid the land of 
 their birth. The old Hag, under whose folds they had been born, and 
 whose glorious traditions they still honoured and loved, and for who.se 
 supremacy they had fought and ble<l, though unsuccessfully, still floated 
 over the old Acadian colony, and (Jranville, like her sister townships, 
 opened her arms and offered a cheering welcome to such of them as 
 might seek new homes within her boundaries. 
 
 Among the moat notable of the new-comers who located themselves in 
 this section of the county, the names of St. Croix, Gesner,* Ruggles,* 
 Willett, Bogart, Mills, Seabury,* Millidge,* Thome,* James,* Quereau, 
 Mussels, Delap and Robblee, may be given. A few of them, Millidge, 
 James, Ruggles, Thorne and Gesner, had received more or less scholastic 
 training, and .soon made their influence beneficially felt in the neighbour- 
 hoods in which they dwelt. Society was improved by their contact with 
 it. Churches and schools were soon called for and became the order of 
 the day. It is true that the first decade of their .settlement was marked 
 by considerable privation ; but all the obstacles in the way of the attain- 
 ment of substantial plenty were finally removed or overcome, and the 
 voice of complaint became an unusual sound, and seldom afterwards 
 flisturbed the grateful content of a happy people. 
 
 Valuable accessions to the population were made about this period in 
 the persons of the Baths, Clarkes, Longmires, Olivers and Gilliatts 
 from the north of England, and of the McCormicks and McDormands 
 
 * See memoirs of these gentlemen. 
 
212 MIHTOKY OK ANXAI'OLIS, 
 
 und iithei'H from tht* north of Irt'laiid. Tht- tleHtcndantH of tlii>s<« pt'ople 
 have liecoine very iiuiiientUH, and continue l)y their thrift and iiuhistry to 
 add to the prosperity of tlie townsliip. 
 
 A general »'l«!ction took plaee in IVS"), heinj^ the tirwt sinct^ tlie 
 FiOyalists' arrival, and one of them, Ilc'iijaiuin James, was Itrouj^lit 
 forward as a eantlidate for the representation of (Iranville, and was 
 duly elected. He continued to discharj,'e iiis le;;islative duties until 
 I7!*2. H«^ seeniH to have l)een possesse<l of eonsideralile education, and 
 to have been tMidowed with a sound judgmt^nt and many amiable personal 
 (|ualities. He owned and resided upon the farm in central (jranville, 
 until recently known as the (Mebe. He sold this farm to the church 
 wardens of the parish in 17!)1), and removed to Annapolis. 
 
 In 1784 Alexander Howe applied to the (Jovernment for a grant of 
 land, as appears from the Surveyor-tJeneral's letter addressed to Amos 
 Botsford, one of his duputies for the county, and flated l)ecend)er 10th 
 in that year, in which he says : 
 
 " I bog li'iive to rcconiiiu'nd Civptain Howe, thi' iH-arer, whcme father Umt liis life 
 in taking poHaeHHion of the country in 1749 or MM, l)y tlie Indians. He wanti* Honie 
 lands. There are only two lots vacant in Wilinot -nuniberK thirteen and fonrteeii, 
 on the west side of Brown's.'"* 
 
 Mr. Morris shortly after wrote to Mr. Howe himself, in the following 
 
 terms : 
 
 " I had the honour to receive your favour of the 19th ultimo, ever since wliieli 
 I have been very ill and confined with the gout. Your sister, Mrs. Cottnani, seems 
 very desirous of iiaving her thousaiul acres by herself in this part of the Province. 
 Captain Cottnam had formerly two lots on the Winilsor load ; they wore by him 
 mortgaged to a gontleuuiu in Kngland, Itut never any im|>rovemeiit8 were nuido by 
 the mortgagee, and the land has lH.>come liable to forfeiture. If she can obtain this 
 it is the best I can do for iiei', and if you can like the laud on the intended new road 
 I can uuike separate Returns of the Wai'rant, w, if necessary, obtain separate 
 warrants. As soon as you can procure a survey of .\h'. Harris, or any other of my 
 deputies, of the land you want, with the proper motes and bounds thereon delineated, 
 and send me, I will do everything in my power to forward the grant." 
 
 On the 22nd December, 1787, Mr. Morris again wrote to Mr. Howe 
 and stated that he 
 
 *' was going on with the grant to him and Captain Katherns for two thousand acres 
 on the rear of Major Farrington's and Mr. .Johnstone's lanils in the south-east of tiic 
 county." 
 
 Of Katherns, he adds : 
 
 "He does not come under the description of a Loyalist or reduced officer .serving 
 in the late war, and therefore his grant was a vote of Council, and in all those cases 
 fees are paid in all the offices, which, for one thousand acres in one grant, is thirteen 
 poumls, ten shillings, or thereabouts." 
 
 * A block of land there is still called " Howe's grant." 
 
IIISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS. 218 
 
 The l)l()ck uf liiiiil ;,'nuitc(l to Howe iit this tiiiio is still known as tlic 
 *' Howe gi-ant," and is situated a short distance to the eastward of the 
 ^racj{ie>,'or settlement. 
 
 Howe was a native of the county and foi' .several years a resident in 
 iJranville, wliere he owned wliat was known at a later tiims as the Ue.sner 
 |)ro|M'rty. He ajjpears to have heen a very useful and capable as well 
 a8 [)0pular man, an<l may l)e rej;farded as the leader of the pre-loyalist 
 inhabitants, and the (;hanipion of their interests in the contests and 
 rivalries which sometimes arose between them and their Loyalist brethren. 
 
 The first mail-courier of whom any mention is made was a resident in 
 their township, James Tattersall by name, whom I take to have been a 
 Loyalist, as his name does not appear anionj; the earliest settlers. In a 
 memorial to the E.\ecutive he asks for compensation for losses sustained, 
 and aid to enable him to perform the duty in the future. This was in 
 1784, and the mail was then carried once in a fortnij,'ht from Annapolis 
 to Halifax and vice versa. In May, 1785, Rolwrt Youn^, of (Jranville, 
 applic<l for the "jrant of a water lot in front of the ./'/•*•// for the purpose 
 of building a dock at that place. To this end he asked for a frontaye of 
 412 feet — a quantity thought to be too great by the Hurveyor-CJeneral,* 
 who referred the matter to Messieurs Winniett and Williams, of 
 Annapolis, for their opinion. It does not appear whether his application 
 met with success or not, but it is certain no dock was ever constructed 
 there. 
 
 In 1792 Alexander Howe, who was then one of the county members, 
 was employed by the Government to superintend the removal of the 
 negroes — or such of them as were willing to go — from this part of the 
 Province to Sierra Leone. The following letter, addres.sed by him to the 
 Provincial Secretary, the Hon. Richard Bulkelej', and dated from 
 Granville, February Dth, 1792, is of sufficient interest to warrant its 
 transcription in full : 
 
 " Dkar Siu, — I am honoured with your favour of the 4th inst. I am utterly at 
 a los.s wliut to charge for my trouhle ami expense with respect to tlie removal of the 
 blacks. I apprehend tlint from my appointment, which wii.s on the third day of 
 October to the twenty-tiiird day of December, 17SM, I drew the last bills on your 
 Honour (or rather the lifteenth day of January, 1792, when the blacks sailed from 
 Halifax, if your Honour can extend that favour to me). I was a servant of the 
 Govornment on the occasion, and [as] it wus only a short time, a temporary and not 
 a permanent appointment, I ought to be allowed a lilieral stipend per day till the 
 
 • While referring to the correspondence of the Surveyor-Oeneral, Mr. Morris, I 
 wish to transcribe the postscript in a letter of his, addressed to Thomas Millidge, 
 one of his deputies, and dated in 1784, as it relates to a matter of some importance 
 to land surveyors in the county. "The eastern boundary line of Granville runs 
 north thirty-two degrees and thirty minutes west to the bay, so that there will be 
 an angle of land which is not granted. "' The western line of Wilmot runs north 10° 
 west, so that a triangular block with its apex at the river belongs to neither township. 
 
214 MISTOKV OK ANSAI'OI.IS. 
 
 ItUMitifHH wiiH coiicIiiiIimI. | wiih iim iiiiii'h (letiD'hcil fn)ni my furni IxiMiiicNH iirnl 
 ('(iiR'criiM iiH if I liiiil iii>\w til lliilifiix. I tnittlc mcvitiiI tri|m to l)if<liy, ami rini; at tlie 
 rUk of my lift'. AilvfitiHt'incntM Mere put up on t\w iKIi OiIoIht, iiutl tlut MitckH 
 W('r<> i'(>it<ly to iMuut me aci'orditiKly wlu'U Mr. (Jlitrk iirrivcil, wliirli wiih on l\w 'Jtitli 
 Oi-toltiM', Till' ilitliriiltii-H ami troiilih- iiiiiNt, your lloiinui' will reailily p<'rrri\i>, 
 hiivf lii'cii giiMtiT liiTc lliaii iiiiywiu'ii' i'Imc, It wikN iniiti- a mivi'l atl'iiir in thin part 
 ami totally ^o to inc. I Hont to Halifax nearly, if not entirely, nnotliinl of llir 
 
 wlioli- tiiiiiilicr Hour to Sierra I m- ; tlioHr tliat eami* from liail t > Ik; lainlcil 
 
 anil ri'Hiiippvil. 
 
 " I am iiHHiii'i-il that I I'oiilil not liave hail aiiytliiii).'<|iin<- hen- or proviilcil I'hi'apcr 
 than I iliil tluH .Mr. Clarke knoWH. I Kinrrri'ly hope your Honour iM HatiHlieil with 
 my I'oiiiliK^t in tlii8 liUHiiicHh. .SlioiiM anything r<'i|uiri' a perHonal explanation on my 
 part, I nhall lie reaily ti< wait on your Honour at Halifax. You may he aHHiireil that 
 however iiiiii'li I Htaiiil in iieeil of eaxli, 1 hail rather have your approhation than 
 any {leeuniary reward that mi({lit lie alloweil me. I have moilu out an uueoiint anil 
 I'har^uil twenty Hliilliii){H a day from the date of my ('iimmiHHion to the twenty-third 
 of Deeuiiilier (and have alxo ehai'^ed in another liill) to the thirteenth of ,lauuary for 
 thin reiiHon, that if your Honour can extend to the departure of the lilacki* from 
 Halifax, it will he mo mueh in my favour; liut that and the Hum to he allowed I 
 entirely Hulimit to your opinion, with wliieh I nliall he satisfied and content. 
 
 "I wan never more put to it for money than at thin time. My .lamaiea 
 Attorneyn have ipiite forgot mo Hiiiee I left there. I munt hvg leave to join my 
 thanks with thiwu of a diHtresHud family foe your kind attention to Cottnai i Timge 
 on the death of hin father. 
 
 " (Signed), Alexandek Howk." 
 
 The negfoos referi'ed to in tliis letter had settled in considerable 
 numbers in Oigby, Clements and (iranville, hut especially in the former 
 place. Durin<( the Revolutionary War a coloured corps was formed by 
 the Royalists in or near New York for service ajjainst the rebels. Tt 
 was known as the " Nej{ro, or Black Pioneers." At tlie peace these 
 pioneers accompanied the Loyalists of other disbanded corps in their 
 migration to this country, and lands were granted to them in the town- 
 ship of Digby, where the descendants of those of them who did not accept 
 a free piussage to Africa, are still to V)e found. In 1794 the Rev. 
 ArchiV)ald P. Tnglis was rector of the parish. 
 
 The autumn of this year (November 25th, 1792) witnessed a general 
 election in which Mr. Howe proved to be the successful candidate for 
 Granville. He was chosen in the place of Mr. James, who had repre- 
 sented it from 1785, and he continued to be the sitting member until the 
 dissolution (by lapse fif time) of the Assembly in 1799, at which period 
 his legislative life came to a close. He shortly afterwards removed to 
 Halifax, when^ he died in 1814, leaving a widow (Susanna Green) who 
 lived to a very great age, surviving him for more than thirty years. 
 None of their descendants are now in the country. 
 
 Howe was a very active and useful member of the Legislature. It was 
 he, while a representative of the county, who moved the first resolution 
 
IIISTOIIY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 21ft 
 
 ill till- AHNiMiilily ^l>^llr(lihK tin* ()|Huiiiif{ of tim iron iiiiiieN in thn Province, 
 liavinKon tlin l7tliof Novoiiilior, i7W7, oallcil for a coiiiiiiitU'f "(oroport 
 u|ioii t\ui Ix'st iiiraiis to promoti- tlu' iiiiuiufactui)' of iron,'' oxi'i'llrnt ori'H 
 of tliat niiital liaviii"; Imm-ii (li.sfovi'nMJ. VVliiii' icpifHt'iitiiiK (iianvillc in 
 1794, h»^ was clirmcn oni^ of the comiiiittw) to proparn tlip address of tin* 
 Iloiiso in lionour of tim arrival of His lloyal llighni'ss the I)uk« of Ki-nt 
 ill Halifax. Ilr suwi'i'dcd iloscph Wiiiiiit'tt as Colit'ctor of Cnstoiiis and 
 Kxoise for tlit« Kitstcrn Di.strii-tin 178'J, and held tlio otHw until the .'tUtli 
 of Hiiptt'inlKfr, 1797, wIiimi Iio was suceofdcd liy llolwrt Dickson. Faithful 
 to his instincts as a pri'-loyaiist lie sturdily dt'tVndpd Mri'iiton and 
 Deschaiiips a;{aitit the assaults of his Loyalist coiU-aj^ues, Millid^c imd 
 Itarulay ; and in hisdefcncuof tliost! judges hi> iiianifestcd as much aliilitv 
 as ho did wainith. 
 
 MtM'o would Ir' the proper place to insert the return of the assessors for 
 (Jranvilh^ under the ('apitation Tax Act, hut I rej^ret to say they ha\e 
 not lieeii preserved. Indeed, I am inclined to believe that considerahle 
 nejjiigence marked the discharge of the duties of the ofHcers appointed to 
 carry out the provisions of this Act, and it is more than probable that the 
 assessors did not forward a copy of the as.sessment made by them to the 
 Provincial Treasurer as recpiired by the law. This is the more to Ih' 
 regretted as we are thus deprived of an admirable means by which to 
 estimate the growth of the population between 1770 and 1792-95, and to 
 fix within known limits the advent of many families to the township 
 from other districts of the county or from abroad. 
 
 At the general election of 1799, which took place on the 25th of 
 Novemlier, the electors of the township chose Edward Thorne,* a New 
 York Loyalist, to represent them in the new As.sembly. It was al>out 
 this period that roads to the Hay of Fundy began to be felt necessary. 
 In the original survey of the township the lots were miuJe to extend from 
 the river and basin to the shores of that bay, and roads had been planned 
 at intervals, on the lines of certain lots. Grants of the public moneys 
 were now fre(juently made to aid the eftbrts of the settlers in the con- 
 struction of these roads. Those to Parker's Cove, to Young's Cove, to 
 Chute's Cove, to Delap's Cove, to Phinney s Cove and others were rapidly 
 opened, and settlements formed on the northern slope of the mountain. 
 The reader will note that the names of these coves were those of the 
 vjvvners of the lots whose homes were by the river side. The same 
 names were applied to those sections of the mountain over which these 
 roads pas.sed — hence Phinney's, Young's, Parker's, Chute's, and Delaji's 
 mountains, names which are commonly used to designate them to this 
 day. The northern shores of the township became slowly dotted with the 
 cottages of the farmer aiui the fisherman, especially in the neighbourhood 
 
 * See this geiitleinan's memoir. 
 
216 IllSlOltV Ol' /«N\AI'01,|S. 
 
 rif l.liM i;(>v<m, luiil roiidH wcri' siioii iifliTwui'ds iniulo fi-oin cove Ici tiovi- 
 uloti^ lUi' hIidi'ch, I.Iius iiniiriliii;{ iVcsli t'acilil.icH fur new hcI IJimiiciiIs. 
 
 ( )n l.lif iHtJi (if 'Inly. I HOC), H ^I'.ici'iil cli'cUoii was ii^aiii llir oriliM' of 
 till! iliiy. < In this oiM'iiHioii 'riiiiiiiuH Milli<l;{r, svlio liuil fot'iiMirly ri'iiri'si'iilcd 
 till* l,iivvnHlii|i of l>iK''y, iiimI in lliir lal.o lloiiNr {,\u' roiinry, liiM-ain)^ a 
 candidate for- I lie lownMliip, liiit lii< was not |iiinnitt<'<l to walk I lie coiiiMr, 
 Isaiah Sliaw, of Lowri- (iianvilh-, then, I lit'licvc, the h-aditi^ Mifirliant 
 of that district,, ollt-rcd himself as a candidate for t.he siillVa^es of 
 iJie electors in opjiosil ion. lie was of a pre loyidist. family, posseHHod 
 consideralile popularity, and was enilowed witJi no mean share of mental 
 and t.alkin^ altilily. The contest, which ensued illiist, rates the s|>iril, of 
 rivalr'y wlii(;li animated the old and new setXler^ in matlrcr's polit.ieal. 
 I do not, mean l/O say that tJiese parlies acted t.o;,(eth<-r as a unit', for that 
 would have lieen impossilile as local and personal irdlnenc<;s would 
 necessarily prevent such act.ion ; Itut. tJie majorit.y in eacth pii'i'ly warndy 
 supported t.hosi- of il;s own seirtion who were lirou^ht forward as 
 candidati!s for puhlic oDlce or favour, and hence tjie election of 
 representat iv(;s Itecame, in a ctonsideral'le deforce, a <?ont.esl, liet.we )n 
 the Loyalist, and i're loyalist, se(tt,ions of the r'onununiiy. in this case 
 the (rhances seem to have heeii clearly in favour of Millid^re. lie had 
 heen a mendxM' of the Asseinhly for twenty years, and therefore had l,hn 
 pr(!st.i>{e (»f experieiKH*. lie was riistoH rdlii.lnniin of t.he (-ount.y, a J usl,i(re 
 in l,he (,'ourt of ('onnnon Pleas; possessed of itonsiderahle wealt.h, and 
 hold in gnnenil (tsteem Ity /ill classes of t,he people. It was tlieritfore no 
 onlinary opponent, with whom Mr. Shaw had chosen to (Mtntend. In ono 
 t,hin;{ the latt,er had a decided advant,a^re over the former he had youth 
 and vigour' on his side, no mean allies in such a ll^rlii,, ,\1r, Shaw made 
 an exhaustive canvass jirevious to the polling, which octcupied three d.'iys, 
 and to t,he astonishment, of his adversary at the (tlo.so of the poll, .Mr. 
 Shaw was decdai'cd duly el(!ct,ed hy a suuill majorit.y. M illid).re di^manded 
 a scrutiny of voti-s Itefore ''• shei-itl", who. with the aid <if t,wo assisliints, 
 •lohn Itath and Isaac Woitdhiiry, entered int,o the inv(^sti;{ation dtisired, 
 whi<:h resulted in an increas(td majorit.y for Shaw, whose ri^turn waH 
 conlirmiid. 
 
 The new Mouse met on the IKth of Novemher, and ,Millid;^e petition<;d 
 a|rainst the return. In his memorial lii^ ri.sKertcd t.hat the sheriil', 
 Winnietl,, had used his inllucnce a;.(ainst him, and had unduly favoiirt-d 
 his ant.a^^onist, ; that l<'ost,er Woodhury, a r'esident of VV'ilmot, had acted 
 as insp(!ctor for Shaw ; l,liat -lamcts Tat,l,ersall, "a w(!ll known fi'eeh(»lder," 
 would not sweai' that his deed had heen on r<M;ord a.s lon^ as the law 
 re(|uire.d ; that, Ferdinand Schafner, another freehohler, was not al!ow(Mi 
 time to as(!ertain if his dited liad l>ei!n recor<led, while that indul){en<Mt 
 had heen granted i,o<iideon Witt, Sylvan us VVadcf, ISenjamin VVlieolock, 
 
IIISTOIIV (tl' ANNAI'OI.IS 
 
 117 
 
 Liikf Uydcr ;iiiil •Iiih<'|iIi A iil/liiiity, sni., who Imd vul,i'il a;^iiiiisl. Iiiiii ; l.lint 
 VVilliiun Kitrr, Uiii ncIiodI mi/isI.im', wiih not, hIIdwimI I,i> volf for liini, llioii^li 
 Id- liiiii a lifii fsl.iil.n in liiridH .siin'i- I 7H(), and wliirli rtMil.rd for iiiori! t.lian 
 foi-ly hliillin^^H a year ; and l.lial. \>\ HJinilar Mliarji inactirc, Saniiirl 
 WillrM,, Altraliain (IrHnci', and liix own H')n, l'ljini<aK Millid^'f, had lost, 
 Ihnii voUm. Afl.itr a full invcMl. ligation l»y a (■onunil.lfc of lint Anm-iiihly, 
 Mr. Shaw waH durlariMJ l,o have lictn <iuly dcftlcd, and so lln( rni-lti-r- 
 cndcil. Mis lirsl. Icj^islal.ivc arl, was a ri'soliiliori Ut '^viinl tr)0() loward 
 l.hc ('riM^ljon of It li;(hl,housn on Kriar island. 'I'Imh oi;<MU'nid on l.lii^ .'tOlli 
 of I >i'i'iMnlH'r, I KOf). In IHOS lie was insl.runicnl.al in oltlainin;^ a furt.ln^r 
 Htini of .£200 foi- l.hi' ooniphrlion and •!i|iii|iin<-nl. of thai very iisi-ful 
 st.riicl,.ir(i. In (,lin sanii! year he inlrodiic'd and cai-rird through l.ln' 
 llousi' a " ItiJI l.o l*i(!V(inl. I.lm killing; of Soals and I'orpoi.sfs in tin- 
 Annapolis UiiHiii," il. Inin;^ conn.soi.ly hclii-vcd llial such act.s wcic 
 injurioiiH l.o l.hc liHlicrii-H (tarried on llicrc. 
 
 'I'lii- niind>n° of aiM'its of land cN-arfd in (iranvillc iindi-r t.hn " Ixiiinl.y 
 A(H. " was li^sH l.han in any otliitr l,ownHhi|i in tliti cxinly. Itrlow iH ^ivon 
 tlir rtM.nrn niadtt l.o <iov«M'nni<;nt. in |H()7, wlii(;li was ac(Miin|>ani<Ml l>y a 
 (M-rlilical,!- si|{n<'d l»y 'riioriias lVlillid;(r, (,'uhI.os, and ICI«!nf/«'r (JiiMor, 
 < Hcrk of III*' J'l-acf. 
 
 'riniMiiiM .Mii!iil){<i ■*{ III! 
 
 .IllllH'M < 'llllt.tt 10 
 
 Ki'lijaiiiln Oliiit.r 11 
 
 .liilni KiitliiiriiH ',l;l 
 
 .li(Mr|ili 'rr(Mi|) 7A 
 
 KoJMUl. .VlilJH 7 
 
 llimry Hiitkiil.MKii r>| 
 
 (i<M>rn(i Hriiwii 'ij 
 
 iliiliii I'lriiWM .'1;/ 
 
 .laroli I'latoli 'i,| 
 
 Itiiiijiirniii KimiHity 't,| 
 
 !ti!ii|iiiiini Kimtiti 4^ ituriiM. 
 
 •loHr|)ii Kiillciws H\ II 
 
 Kiinjainiii WliiMtlni^k '2| n 
 
 itiilili ( Jf/tvim "JJ II 
 
 .l..lm Hall :» 
 
 Kiircl'il Hiliafniir 4 >• 
 
 ||)/,ru l''()Hl,(ir ',\\ II 
 
 Williaiii YoiniK 21 m 
 
 Tlioiiias I'liiiiMiw 'U II 
 
 Total lt:t ai ri'H. 
 
 1 1 may \>i'. nol.^d l.hal. idl l.hc nanx-s in the alxnr siTlu'didf, cxn-pl. 
 I.hostt of Millid^o, Kalihcrns and MIIIh, Ititloiij^ l.o I. Ik; old .st^l t.liM's. 'riKtrc 
 wiT<^ only livi- .Insl.iros of till! I'inumi in (<ranvilli> al. Ihis l.inii!, including 
 the ( IiihI.os, nainitly, Saniin^l (Mn^Hh^y, Mo.sus Shaw, Iti-njainin |)imI)^(; and 
 I'M ward 'I'horni', of whom I ho lasl na'iHMl only was a lioyaliHt,. 
 
 In •liiniiary, IHIO, .lolin llnaly SilaH liardy and •laintm Hi-id, of 
 < iranvillc, yoomori, and (Jharily ('oriiwull, widow, ptititiom-d Sir (Joorxi^ 
 l'ri;vosl,, l,li(<n liiiMidtinanl. (lovri'iioi', ronrrrnin^ l,ho hor'rin;^ i'lHhiM'y al 
 (»iial< Island, or prt'hapM, more <;(irr(><;My Hjinakin;^, ronoi-rnin^ (.lift " l)ar," 
 whirh forrriH t<lm ttaHl.orii cxl.ritiniliy of that iHland. ThoHc pitrsons inform 
 llin Kx)M«lliini;y t.hal/ Uxiy havi^ for Homo l.iimi pasli "ocrupicd l.ho said Ixir, 
 and iia<l divided tJie profilH ariHin^ from its use as a fishery. " It; appears 
 
218 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 that Mr. Healy had applied for a grant of it some years previously to 
 Sir John Wentworth, but had failed to obtain it "from some motives 
 governing Sir John not particularly known " to him, but which he 
 telieves arose from a claim of one Mrs. Morrison, then a part owner of 
 Goat Island. 
 
 Mr. Healy then sets forth for himself that he 
 
 " is intornieil that misrepresentations have been made to your Excellency tending 
 t() injure your petitioners hy rendering his present application ineffectual, if possible, 
 by inclining your Kxcellency to believe him the possessor of large fisheries; that 
 your petitioner, so far from endeavouring to engi-oss advantages the equal rights 
 of others, does not possess or occupy a foot of flats or fishery indepenilent of the bar 
 above mentioned, and that he does not enjoy it at the exclusion of others, but has 
 permitted and would, in the event of his obtaining a Grant, allow the above- 
 mentioned persons, your petitioners, to associate with him in the advantages 
 derivable from it." 
 
 Mr. Hardy tells His Excellency that he 
 
 "is married and has three children — all boys; that he has resided in Granville 
 for many years ; that he was born in the County of Annapolis, where he has always 
 remained ; that he has no fishery at all except by permission of Mr. Healy ; that he 
 contributed one-fourth pa.'t towards the erection of a weir on the before-mentioned 
 bar, and received a proportionate benefit, and that he has never received any 
 benefaction from Government of lands or otherwise." 
 
 James Reid says of himself that he 
 
 "is lately married, and has resi<Ied in Granville some years; that he has likr ivise 
 been allowed to receive a part of the profits of the weir ; that he owns no fishery, 
 and never had any grant from (government." 
 
 Mrs. Cornwell sets forth that she 
 
 ' ' is the widow of the late George Cornwell, who during the Revolutionary War 
 in the neighbouring colonies, suffered greatly in his person and property, and finally 
 was compelled for his loyalty to his sovereign to become an alien to his native soil, 
 and seek refuge in this province, where he remained until his death, which took 
 place about three years since ; that her said husband left her by his will considerable 
 property for her natural life, but to which no fishery was attached ; that she has 
 conti'ibuted towards the erection and support of the weir mentioned above, and been 
 allowed by Mr. Healy to take from it a share of the profits corresponding to such in 
 building ; and that lier said husband never received any grant of lands from Govern- 
 ment or any recompense for his losses sustained during tlie war with the revolte<l 
 colonies," 
 
 "Your petitioners beg leave further to state to your Kxcellency that the bar or 
 flat above alluded to t'emained ever unoccupied until about five years ago, when 
 John Healy proposed and did at an enormous expense build a weir upon the same, 
 it being deemed by every other person a speculation too hazardous to attempt. Its 
 success, however, excited attention, and those who were averse to the risk would 
 now grasp the profit of it ; and it is with reluctance your petitioner-t state that the 
 persons now applying to your Excellency for a share in the above fishery with your 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 21f> 
 
 petiliunei'B, already possess the most extensive tisliery beaoli on the shores of 
 Granville. 
 
 " That the size of the above liar will not admit of more than one weir being built 
 upon it ; and the tiah that have hitherto l)een taken in it are barely sutHcient for your 
 petitioners and theii- families, and to reimbnrse the expenses of liuilding the said 
 weir. Your jietitioners therefore humlily pray your Kxeelleney ujion a due 
 consideration of the cireunistanccs will be pleased to giant the above-mentioned bar 
 to your petitioners, or to the said .lohn Healy, as your Excellency may deem best, 
 in either of which cases your petitioners will dei'ive eipial benefits. 
 
 •' (i^igued), .loii.N HKAiiY. 
 
 SiiAs Hardy. 
 James FIkid. 
 " Granville, January 29th, 1810." Uhakitv Cornwem,. 
 
 " Annapolis SS. John Healy, Silas Hardy, .Janie.s Reid and Charity Coriiwell, 
 who being duly sworn upon their .several oaths, ileclare the facts contained in the 
 Petition hereto annexed are correct and strictly true as relates to each deponent 
 respectively ; and that each of them considers himself and herself a subject of the 
 British (rovernnient, and are at all times ready to take the oath of allegiance to its 
 present sovereign. And the said John Healy further deposeth that the facts 
 contained in a former petition to His Excellency Sir ( !. Prevost, signed with his hand 
 and forwarded to Samuel Hood^ieorge, e.scjr. , were also strictly just and true. 
 
 " (Signed), John Healy. 
 
 Sii.As Hardy. 
 James Keid. 
 Charity Cornwei.l. 
 " Sworn before me at Granville, the 2flth January, 181(1. 
 "(Signed), Jame.s Hall, /./'." 
 
 " And the said John Healy mentioned in the body of the Petition saith at the 
 time I was about making tryal of taking fish on said bar I projiosed to the late Mary 
 Morrison (now Mary Shafner) who has been a claimant ami an ap])licant for a tithe 
 of the said ' bar ' to join me in erecting a weir on the said bar, but she, the said 
 Mary Shafner, refused totally having anything to do in the enterj)risc. 
 
 "(Signed), John Heai.y. 
 
 "Sworn before me, James Hall, J. P." 
 
 "The petitioner. Charity Cornwell, mentioned in the foregoing petition was 
 knowing and hereby depo.seth, that in the lifetime of her said husband, George 
 Cornwell, that he the said Cornwell did propose and state to James Thorne (now 
 Captain Thorne) that he believed the bar alluded to in said petition would be a 
 profitable fishery, and urged him the said Thorne to join in erecting a weir on said 
 bar, but said Thorne refused saying he would not undertake the experiment. 
 
 "(Signed). ("uAKrrv Cornwell. 
 
 " Sworn before me, James Hall, ./. /*." 
 
 The followinjj; deposition of Thoriias Robblee was annexed to tlie 
 petition of the other persons named. Tt was intended that his name 
 should have been found in the " boddy " of that document, as lie had 
 occupied a part of the bar and had " received benefits " according to the 
 amount he had contributed toward building the weir. i 
 
220 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 " I, Thomiis llohlilce, iloposu and attest that I am knowing to the persons 
 invntionud in the foiej^oing petition, were the first that made the experiment for 
 takini; tisli un tlie said har, 
 
 " (iSigned), Thomas Robblkk. 
 
 " Sworn before me, James Ham,, ./. P." 
 
 Tlie result of the application may be read in the endorsement written 
 upon it. It was this: 
 
 '■ Tile petition of J. Healy and tlie widow Sliafner petitioned the late Governor for 
 tile 15iir or flat witliiii nicntioneil, hut as tlie granting the .sole e.xcliisive right of 
 fisliery on tlie har to one or two individuals niiglit lie attended with puhlie injury, or 
 inconvenience, it was deemed ])i'opei' to leave it to the magistrates at Annapolis in 
 Sessions to regulate this and the other fisheries on that bar. 
 
 "(Signed). CiiAKiiKs Morris, Surveyor-General.'" 
 
 It may not be out of place here to make a note concerning these 
 petitioners and tlie persons incidentally introduced by them : 
 
 Mrs. Cornwell was a native of one of the old colonies, and had been 
 the wifo of George Cornwell who came to Digby in 1783, from which 
 some years later on he removed to Granville. The Cornwells were a 
 highly respectable family, of whom two, Thomas and George, were exiled 
 and had their estates confiscated at the close of the revolution. Thomas, 
 who remained in Digby, was in the Commission of the Peact in 1807, 
 and from time to time discharged the duties of several other public 
 offices. James Cornwell, late of Clarence West, in Wilmot, was one of his 
 descendants. 
 
 Thomas Robblee was the .son of a Loyalist who was one of the 
 original grantees of the township of Clements. His farm occupies 
 and includes one of the most interesting historical spots in Nova Scotia, 
 the old Scotch Fort, some outlines of which, it is said, are still traceable, 
 although more than two and a (juarter centuries old ! His family, it is 
 believed, were of French origin,* and came to this province from New 
 York. 
 
 John Healy and Silas Hardy were sons of pre-loyalists of 1700-65, 
 and men of excellent standing in the community, having been as 
 lemarkable for their enterprise as for their industry. 
 
 Mary Morrison or Schafner I take to have been the widow of one of 
 the sons of John ]\lorrison, who was settled in Granville in 1770; but 
 of this there is no certainty from any information in my possession. 
 
 James Thorne, incidentally named in one of the depositions as 
 CaptJiin Thorne, was the son of Edward Thorne, of Lower Granville, a 
 New York Loyalist, and the father of Stephen Sneden Thorne, so long 
 the lepresentative of the township in more recent times, and of the late 
 Edward L. anrl Richard W. Thorne, late merchants of St. John, N.B. 
 
 *See Robblee genealogy. — [Ed.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 221 
 
 Jutnes Hall, the magistrate before wliom these attiihivits were made, 
 was the Hf»n of John Hall, a pre-loyalist settler, and the father of the wife 
 of S. S. Tiiorne, of Bridgetown, above noticed. He was also the maternal 
 grandfather of James I. Fellows, of St. John, N. B., before mentioned. 
 The descendants of both these gentlemen are exceedingly numerous. 
 
 In lb ?t the grants to Delap's, Young's an<l Chute's coves were issued. 
 
 Granville's cimtribution to tlie Waterloo fund in the autumn of 1815 
 was larger than that of any of her sister townships, reaching an amount 
 equal in our currency to $437.62 by 1(56 persons, of whom the largest 
 contributors were Thomas Millidge, .^46 ; Edward Thorne A- Son, S40 ; 
 Rev. John Millidge, $23 3.}, and Samuel Hall, §20. 
 
 In the year 1818 the herring fishery at (ioat Island again became a 
 matter of contention. A number of the inhabitants in that vicinity 
 petitit)ned Lord Dalhousie in the terms hereunder stated : 
 
 "That your petitioners are farmers living in tluit part of the township of 
 Granville situated opposite to (ioat Island and a s)iort ihstaiu'e above it, and that 
 no fisheries whatever are attached to any of tiieir lantls. 
 
 " That for some years past a )>ar or Hat, lying in the Annapolis River on the 
 eastern side of (ioat Island, opposite to some and nearly so to all your petitioners' 
 farms, has been occupied as a fishery by two or three individuals to the exclusion of 
 all others in that neiglibourhood : that some of your petitioners have been obliged 
 to purchase of those occupiers their supply of fish for their families at an extravagant 
 rate, and instances have occurred when the fish were sutlcred to perisli and spoil on 
 the [shore or in the weir, rather tlian let them be taken by persons who couhl not 
 pay for them." 
 
 They conclude by praying that the said bar or flat be made a public 
 fishery to be regulated by the Court of Sessions. These are the names of 
 the petitioners : James Hall, James Delap, jun., James Rice, John 
 Hardy, Thos. Delap, John Schafner, John Kennedy, Jamer, T. Hall, 
 Israel Fellowes, Thomas Young, Christopher Winchester, Thos. Robblee, 
 James Delap, sen., John McCaul, sen., Westen Hall, George Wooster, 
 Robert Delap, George Hall, Alexander McKinsej', William McKinsey, 
 Moses Shaw, Richard Halfyard. 
 
 In 1827 the population of the township of Granville was 2,526 ; land 
 cultivatetl, 4,200 acres; horses in the township, 264; head of cattle, 
 2,789; sheep, 3,767; swine, 1,194. 
 
 Jij/ ilii Kilitor. 
 
 The first steam ferry to connect the growing village of Granville Ferry 
 with Annapolis was established in 1870 by the late Cory Odell, of 
 Annapolis, and the late David Ingles, of Granville, and the boat was 
 called the Frpd. Learilt. Not proving a successful financial venture, as 
 pioneer adventures of the kind so seldom do, she was sold in 1874 to a 
 
222 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 c'ompiiny in Pictou. But tm May 23r(l, 1881, the steamer Joe Edivnrds 
 was built and placed on the service by a company in Oranville, and 
 continued running until 1891, when the present more commodious 
 steamer Glencof. took her place. 
 
 BKIIXJKTOWN. 
 
 liji the Eilitor. 
 
 In the days of the French occupation, as afterwards until 1803, a ferry 
 connected the site of the present village with the hamlets on the south 
 side of the river. Among the latter was an estate or seigniory of one 
 thousand acres " about twenty miles u[) the Annapolis River," called St. 
 Andrt' Emanuel, and farther east a hamlet called llobicheauville, divided 
 from the other by Bloody Creek Jirook. Peter Pineo, jun., one of the 
 early emigrants to Cornwallis, is said to have built the first house on the 
 site of the present town of Bridgetown, after the houses of the French 
 had been destroyed. He was a native of Lebanon, Connecticut, and 
 descended from a Huguenot exile, whose name was spelt Pineau.* In 
 1782 Rev. Jacob Railey speaks of Mr. Pineo's house as being eighteen 
 miles from Annapolis. The road between the two places was then mo'^e 
 circuitous, crossing the streams and creeks where they were narrow, and 
 at the head of the tide. Mr. Pineo had been, in 1781, struck out of the 
 Commission of the Peiice at tlie instance of some of his brother magis- 
 trates, who accused him of harbouring persons concerned in a riot in 
 (Iranville, although no proofs of his guilt were adduced. He was a man 
 widely known, a pioneer ship-builder and exporter, of considerable influ- 
 ence, and distinguished for agreeable hospitalities. Embarking for the 
 West Indies in one of his vessels, neither he nor the vessel was ever 
 heard from again. His house stood on the lot formerly occupied by the 
 late James Clark, and in more recent times by Mr. Charles Parker, and 
 was known as the " mud house," from the fact that its materials of 
 stones and wood were cemented together by clay and mud. It was 
 long kept as an inn, and finally as a school-house. Probably Captain 
 Crosskill built the next house on the present site of the town, where the 
 mansion of T. D. Ruggles, Esc]., now stands, but there was another house 
 very early on the lot now occupied by the Presbyterian Church. After- 
 wards, Joseph Gidney, a worthy Loyalist of White Plains, New York, 
 ancestor of the late Angus M. Gidney and of the numerous family of the 
 name on Digby Neck, built where James DeWitt now lives — the old 
 house being renovated and incorporated in the new one. He died 
 there in 1816. A few other houses were probably built previous to 
 
 * Pronounced Peeno. 
 
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 22.S 
 
 1H03, when steps were taken toward building a l)ridge to supersede the 
 ferry, the expense being partly provided by a grant from the Legislature, 
 and partly l)y private subscriptions, and in November, 1805, the Grand 
 Jury pronounced the contract for the construction of the bridge 
 "faithfully executed," and the money voted b^'the Legislature and raised 
 by private subscription toward building said bridge, "faithfully laid 
 out" by the Conniiissioners, Robert Fitzrandolph and John Rugglc.-i. 
 This, of course, gave an immediate imjjulse to the growth of the place, 
 and, as we have seen, Captain Crosskill, in 1822, evinced great foresight 
 in laying out his land in town lots, and thenceforth its growth was 
 rapid. Jn fact, a village sjirang up like magio. From being at the head 
 of the river navigation, it imme<liately developed an export trade, and 
 became a shipping port for small ves.sels, of the products of all the 
 valley eastward of it and the mountains north and south. In the year 
 1822 upwards of sixty vessels loaded at the bridge, and in 1823 one 
 hundred cargoes were shipped from it. During the succeeding year two 
 churches were built. Baptist and Church of England, and later the first 
 Methodist church was erected on the lot next south of the residence of 
 the late Dr. Dennison. The place still bore the name of Hicks' Ferry, 
 until on January 25, 1824, the leading residents, elate with the prosperity 
 and importance of the town growing up around them, met at a public 
 dinner to discuss the rjuestion of a more suitable name, and adopted and 
 applied that which heads this article.* Before the close of that year the 
 village contained fifty or sixty houses. From the first, manufacturing, 
 such as carriage building, tanneries, etc., flourished in the town, and in 
 the later fifties and early sixties many important industrial establish- 
 ments sprang up in it — a furniture factory, foundry, etc. In 1827 the 
 law respecting Commissioners of Streets was extended to Bridgetown ; and 
 in the same year Thomas James and others petitioned the Legislature for 
 aid to erect a suitable school-house. A new school was soon opened, 
 adapted to the growing necessities of the town, in which Mr. Andrew 
 Henderson taught the male department before he finally settled in 
 Annapolis. He was succeeded by tlie late William Henry Shipley, who 
 taught for twenty consecutive years. The building was situated on the 
 site of the present court-house. When the new school law came into 
 operation in 1864, the opposition to the introduction of the principle of 
 compulsory assessment for the erection and support of schools was very 
 strong in Bridgetown for a time. A Halifax party newspaper, on 
 December 6th, 1864, said : "On Saturday last an attempt was made, the 
 third or fourth, we hear — made of course under Secretary Rand's Educa- 
 tional Notice No. 3 — to carry an assessment at Bridgetown to be legalized 
 
 * I would suggest tluit the name " Crosskill " would have been appropriate and 
 in better taste. — [Ku.] 
 
224 HISTOKV OF ANNAI'OLIH. 
 
 by and by. Ladies and gentlemen attended every taxpayer of both 
 .sexes tliat could be induced to attend was in force to vote, but tlie 
 government otKceis were again «lefeated." The same paper Maid later 
 that "if Anna|)oli8 does not pitch the rfchool bill and the inventors of 
 it where they ought tt» l)e — -where gottd people don't go — then they 
 fleserve to be treated as they have been heneefortli and forever." The 
 inventors of the measure were ejec^ted from power by the constitueiioi«'s ; 
 but the educational system, at fiist so unpopular, survives, and by wise 
 management the youth of Bridgetown have enjoyed their full share of 
 its benefits. 
 
 In 185G the author, whose work 1 am humbly endeavouring to com- 
 plete and give to the public, estal)lished at Bridgetown the Western Netvs, 
 the first newspaper ever published in the county. Tt was conducted in 
 an able yet moderate and dignified tone, and its columns were, moreover, 
 graced by many elegant }ioetical effusions from his pen. In 1858 the 
 Examiner was founded at Bridgetown, and later the Free Press, under 
 the editorial management of the late Angus M. Gidney, an able, witty 
 and effective political controversialist, afterwards Sergeant-at-arms to the 
 House of Assembly. Me was a genial and popular citizen. The claim 
 of Bridgetown to be made the shire town after the county was divided, and 
 the settlement of the question in 1869, is noticed elsewhere. No doubt 
 the anticipated difficulty in connection with that (juestion long delayed 
 the division of the county. An admirable water supply was introduced 
 into the town in the summer and autumn of 1887, and the electric light 
 in 1890. 
 
("HAI'TK1{ XIIT. 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF WILMOT. 
 
 Description — Grant to Pliilip Riiliardsdii — General Riifjjjii'H — (irant of 1777 — 
 Loyalists anil settlers from (Iraiiville - ('apitation taxpayers, 1792-94 
 — New (irants — Letters of .Surve.vor-tieneral Morris — Colonel Bayard — 
 Melanelioly event at Reagh's Cove — Fires — New roads —Bridges -Returns 
 of cultivated land under Bounty Act, 1S06-7 -Petition f<ir union with 
 Aylesford in a new county — Mi<ldleton — Torl)rook and Torbrook mines — 
 Margaretaville. 
 
 THIS noble townsliip coiitfiiiis moie j^ood Ifinil than any otlier in 
 the county, and is iKiunded on tlie nortli by tlie Hay of Fundy ; 
 on the east by Kings County ; on tiie south by other lands of the county 
 and the Annapolis River ; and on the west by its sister townships of 
 Annapolis and Granville. The Annapolis River .nins through its central 
 portion, anti forms many valuable intervale lands, and the several 
 streams that discharge their waters into the main river from the North 
 and South mountains, have formed extensive and valuable meadow lands ; 
 while rich and productive tillage soils lie adjacent to these, offering 
 agricultural advantages not readily equalled by any portion of the 
 Province. Its increase in population and material wealth has been 
 very great during the last fifty years — greater indeed tlian in the other 
 townships. Its thriving little villages and hamlets have chiefly had 
 their growth within that period. Lawrencetown, with its three churches, 
 Episcopalian, Wesleyan and Baptist ; its gang-saw-mill, carding and 
 grist mills, its bridge and railway station, added to its situation in the 
 midst of productive orchards and well-tilled farms, is altogether a 
 pleasant village, and a very desirable place of residence. Margaretsville 
 (named in honour of Lady Halliburton, wife of Sir Brenton Halliburton, 
 the late Chief Justice), cosily seated in Reagh's Cove on the Bay of 
 Fundy, with its substantial breakwater and lighthouse, its inn, and 
 comfortable and trim private dwelling houses, is famed for its salubrious, 
 and delightfully cool atmosphere during the hot summer months. It 
 carries on a considerable trade with St. John, N.B., and Boston and its 
 outports. Port George is another pleasant village on the shore of the 
 15 
 
22G HISTOUV (»F ANNAI'OIJS. 
 
 l)iiVi iiIho j)()HMt'ss(Ml of )i hiviikwiitci' iiiul li^litliiiust', II cliuri'li and ii 
 sliipyiird, iin<l tMijnys a trade similar to tiiat i>t' its near n»'ij,'hl)nur, 
 Mar;{art'ts\ illc. Middlftnii, tdo, a villaj^o of yomi^^t-r j^i-owth tliaii t'ither 
 of tlit> foinuT, is beautifully situated on tlie liaiiks (tf tlio river, very 
 nearly oecupyinf^ the ^eo^^iaphioal centre of the townsiiip. It ha» an 
 Kpiscopal, a Wesleyan and a najiti.st chureli, tlii' former l)einj{ finely 
 loeated in a elunip of primeval j)ines, known as the " Pine (Jrove," and is 
 considerably ost-r half a century old, 
 
 Niible intervales here line the river, while orchards of apple and other 
 fruit trees spread their ample branches ovei- the teeminj^ uplands and 
 pour their valuable ami delicious fruit with unstinte<l j^enerosity into 
 the jiarners of the farmers vear after year, and almost with unvarvinj' 
 j)rofusion. 
 
 Nor must Melvern Square be passed over in silence. It is a fine 
 handet resting at the foot of the North Mountain, about three miles 
 from the rivei", and near the eastern county line. It, too, lejoices in 
 the presence of fine orchards ; neat farm-houses, stores and other 
 buildinj,'s give evidence of thrift and prosperity. This place is in the 
 extreme east, as Paradise, the delightful, is nearly in the farthest 
 west. Paradise, nearly buritvl in orchards, and filled to repletion with 
 the odours of Araby the blest, when the fruit-blooms colour the landscape 
 in June, and crowned in the autumn days with a diadem of many-tinted 
 gems, shaped in every form that beauty can lend or Pomona devise — 
 Paradise, with its school and its church, its cheese factory, its pretty 
 maidens and hard}' swains, its neat and substantial dwellings, and the 
 surroundings of field and forest picturesque and beautiful, well deserves 
 the name it bears.* 
 
 This portion of the county was not settled (juite so early as some other 
 parts of it. It was not ordered to be laid out until 1764, or four years 
 after the arrival of the Charminy Molly, with the first immigrants at 
 Annapolis. It received its name from Governor Wilmot, and comprised 
 within its original boundaries a large part of the present township of 
 Aylesford, the latter not liaving been set off as a separate district until 
 178G. It is made certain by a document to be found in the Miscellaneous 
 Records Book, 1751-91, that some families had been settled there as 
 early as 1773, for among the list of defaulting or non-resident road tax- 
 paj'ers I find the names of William Terr}', Henry Potter, Charles 
 Dickson, Peter Trade and Richard Pock or Peck, to which must be added 
 Walter Wilkins in 1776. It was in June, 1777, that lots Nos. 38, 39, 40, 
 41, 42, 43 and 44, containing two thousand acres, were granted to Philip 
 Richardson, one of the oldest, if not the oldest grantee, of Wilmot, and I 
 
 * The name is said to have been tirst given to his homestead by the late Samuel 
 Morse, sen. — [Ed.] 
 
IIISTollY Oh ANNAi'oMS. 227 
 
 think till' l.rst iiiii;,'istnit(> ii])|ioinli'<l in the titwiisliip. His iiivine iippears 
 among the «iglit jtistienH who expicist'd ni.igistt'rial authority in tlio 
 county in \7A{). These lots lie adjoininj,' each other lM';,'inninK with the 
 liighest numlier and goin;; west from the Hu^'i,'lt^s' Road, so called. The 
 aggro^^ate value of these lots has inereased many hundredfold since they 
 were granted -nay, within the memory of the writer. Lots Nos. 45 and 
 46, or those lying contiguous to the road bearing that rame, were granted 
 in 17S4 to nriga(lier-(Seneral Timothy lUiggles, a Massachusetts Loyalist, 
 who foi' the succeeding dozen years was the model farmer of the region. 
 He built a commiMlious and Hubstantial dwelling on the southern Hlope of 
 the North Mountain, at a jxtint commanding one of the most extensive 
 views in tin* county, and jilanted near it as soon as the forest could be 
 chaired away and the soil prei)aieii, an oivhaid of ap[)le trees, being 
 probably tlu; iu'st attempt at orcharding made in this section of the 
 county. The trees forming it were grown from seeds planted by the 
 (ieneral's own hand, and he thus became the Krst nuiseryman of the 
 succeeding centuiy. In a gorge in the face of the hillside, a short 
 distance to the south and eastward of his mansion, he planted some exotic 
 trees, the history of (me of which is worth relating. The ravine leferred 
 to was completely sheltered from all prevailing winds, and during the 
 summer season, became heated to an unusual degree —so much so indeed 
 that it se -ms possible that some sub-tropical or even tropical fruits might 
 have been produced there. In this .spot the venerable old man planted, 
 among other trees not indigenous to this province, a black walnut tree ; 
 but whether this tree was grown from a young j)lant obtained from 
 abroad, or from a nut, it is now impossible to determine. A knowledge 
 of the.s(i facts was current among some of the old people of the past 
 gen ration, but had almost died out at the time now alluded to. About 
 tliirty-fiv(! yeai's ago, a farmer into whose hands a portion of the estate 
 had fallen, in securing his winter's supply of firewood felled a tree the 
 name of which was unknown to him, and hauled it with other and better 
 known timl)er to his wood-yard. In passing this man's premises, in 
 company with a well-known and esteemed cabinet-maker of the county — 
 Mr. John Emslie— a short time afterwards, the colour of this wood 
 attracted the attention of my friend, who alighted from the vehicle in 
 which we were being conveyed, and proceeded to examine it. He at once 
 pronounced it to be black walnut, and of excellent quality — but the 
 wonder to both of us was, where did it come from 1 The owner being at 
 home, we proceeded at once to his dwelling and made the inquiry, 
 and were informed as above. My friend bought the wood, sent it to a 
 saw-mill, had it sawn to the dimensions he required, and made of it 
 several articles of furniture which are still in use in the county. 
 
 Such particulars of this old Loyalist pioneer as can be obtained will 
 
22s IIISTOUV oh ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 lie given in ii liio^rniphit-al notice in iinutlit!)' piiu'tt. A fi'ii^ni<>nt witlimit 
 iliitr, fiiund ill till' Nova Hootiii AroliivcN, contains a IJNt of naiiii'H ot' 
 piTsiiiis a|>|ilyin^' for i i;;li(HiilK)Vc tlii' townsliipof < iniiivillc, on tlif river of 
 Anna|i<ilis Koyul, on the road to lliilifax, and some facts einliodied in it 
 enalile us to fix its date at some short period before 1777. This seems 
 (|uite certain, as the name i-f I'liilip Ilichardson appears among the 
 applicants, 'ind thi- date of the grant was in 1777. The following are the 
 names gi\'en in this document, and those printed in italics are known to 
 liave sul)se(|uently become grantees and settlers : 
 
 " iJiiiiifH Ni(:h()lH. JoHcph Hill, jim., Jaiiu-N MoOreyor, Siiiiiiu'i ( 'liiilc, iTniieph Hill, 
 ■en., Ktlwuril .Snow, VVilliuiii .Mi^Kiiii, MWiiim (Jmi'i'i, Williiiiii Kit/.geriild, Ist, 
 \\ illiiiin Fit/xi'iMld. •Jml, \V. Herrick A Son, Ixmil Ldii/Iii/, Xatlmiiii-l nintnii, 
 .liisc|ili Hire, .liiiiii'N Delaway, John Sowiiid, Sainiii'l Harris, Willinni I'ooke, Wine 
 Wright, Xathanicl Cliandlt'i', •lininlhaii l.ionurd, Isaac Htiirdi'vant, John SliiclH, 
 Rolicif ( 'aiiii(l>ell, J'hilip llicliarilnoii, Khenn/cr Rico, Joliii Fountain, Chaiiua 
 Winnictt, Monro [Col. Henry?], to have Hrst choice in ''u-ne lotH ; Hatch to have 
 liis fifteen miles fi-oin Hortoii, anil Wright to have hi?* irln r< he in iioir nelNiiiij, unil 
 sixty ucrus at the laiuling place." 
 
 Of those whose names have Vieen italicised, Jonathan Leonard left 
 descendants who still occupy the lot assigned to him ; and it was at 
 Leonard's hotel, at Paradise, where the Duke of Kent lunched on a line 
 Sunday, while on his way to New Brunswick, via Annapolis, in 17!>1, 
 an event which has liecome a tradition to his grandchildren and great- 
 grandchildren. Ilichardson left no male oflfspriiig that I am awiire of. 
 Graves left issue, and the name is still common in Wilinot and western 
 Kings. At this time tiiere were no roads worthy the name. In 177.'5 
 the amount expended on roads and bridges did not exceed £152 10s. In 
 1776 the sum available for these purposes was only £'2\, and in the 
 following year, nothing liaving been given out of the funds raised in the 
 neighbouring townships, the sum of .£6 5s only was collected and paid 
 toward that service. Those facts will tend to show the very infantile 
 condition of this now well-cultivated and thriving .section of the 
 Province. In the return for 1768, census for that year, its total popula- 
 tion is stated to have consisted of 40 souls only, who pos.sessed 5 horses, 
 or about one to each family ; 62 horneil cattle, 8 sheep and 15 swine. 
 It had also one saw-mill, I regret very much that the names of the 
 settlers are wanting in the return from which this information has been 
 extracted. The lots next west of those obtained by Mr. Richardson, 
 namely, Nos. 37 and ;J6, were not granted till 1785, when they were 
 taken by Anthony Marshall ; and Nos. .35, .34 and 33 were about the 
 same time granted to Timothy Saunders, Joseph Neily and Benjamin 
 Chesley, respectively, and include the farms from Middleton westward 
 to and including the farm of the late Mr. Avard Vrooin. Saunders and 
 
IIISTOUV «il' AVN'AI'OtJS. 229 
 
 Cht'slt-y wi'if (it fust sfttliTH in ( Jriins illi', wlirrr tlifii' tutlnTs still 
 contiinH'd to live. Tlicy U-ft ii voiy nunicnnis issiii' wliicli nic now 
 MfiilttTctl t'lif mill wide ovci' this aixl tlii' luljoitiiriL; |ii<>\ iiict'. Mr. 
 Ncily WHS a iiiitivc (if tin- mntli of In-laiid, ivtul ii most vuluahli- pioiH't'C 
 in the work of cultiviitinii in this region ; and lie, tiH>, left nuim-rous 
 iind highly ii'spectiiblo dt'sct'iuiants. Next to and iidjoining tlu^ Hiij^Kh's' 
 j{nint WHS ,hat of two thoiisatiil acft's to Al)fl Wlicflock, of Lt'ominsttT, 
 in Massachusi'tts, who had jnwioiisly IxM-n a gianti'c in (tiiinvillc, and 
 wiw anotiittr active pioneer in tlio great work of settlenient in this 
 township, and he also left a very numerous oll'spring whose labours in 
 improvement have heen continued through three gem rations to the 
 present day. It is traditionally .stated that Timothy Haiinders was the 
 superintendent employed in the original cutting out of a road from 
 Nictau, through Toritrook, eastwardly into the (Jounty o* Kings, and 
 that "lot ."l")," which was granted to him, was that afterwaid owned by 
 the late Mr. James Parker, one of the very few well-to do "armers of 
 VV'ilmot during the first thirty years of the century, and who became 
 tlie purchaser of it before 1790. 
 
 It was !iot, however, till ITHIl after the arrival of the lioyalists, that 
 any very marked progress was achieved in the grand work of settlement 
 in the magnificent forests of Wilmot. From this period tlie work was 
 more vigorously prosecuted, anil with more gratifying results. Many of 
 the settKirs o*' Granville and Anna])olis sold out their partially improved 
 lands and removed hither. This was the case with the \Voodl)urys. Their 
 progenitor, Dr. Jonathan Woodbury, who owned several lots near the 
 Glebe in central Granville, .sold out to Thomas Millidge, a New Jersey 
 Loyalist, and purchased a portion of the Richardson grant before 
 noticed, which he and his sons continued to occupy and improve from 
 that time to the present day. There were many others of the old 
 Massachusetts settlers and their sons who followed this example, among 
 whom I may name .Samuel Balcom, John Baker, sen., Nedebiah Bent, 
 Benjamin Chesley, Asahel Dodge (son of Josiah of Granville), Joel 
 Farnsworth (nephew of Amos), Oldham Gates, Ezra Hammond, Andrew 
 and Isaac Marslial) Sanmel Moore, John Starratt, Christopher Prince, 
 and some others. The.'e were all residents and ratepayers in this 
 township in 1792, as may be seen by the capitation tax returns made in 
 that year. As the Act imposing this tax required tlie as.sessors in each 
 township to return annually a list of the names of all persons assessed, 
 and as some of these have been preserved in our archives, I have found 
 them very useful in aiding me in tracing families from place to place and 
 fixing their position pecuniarily in the district in which they resided. 
 Nearly one hundred persons who were thus ratable lived in Wilmot in 
 1792, and their names were as below given : 
 
2:{0 
 
 IIISTdHV OK ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 AriiiHtroti^', Hichnnl. 
 Biikxr, .liiciil). 
 
 BllHH, Alclcll. 
 
 HdlHdi', (Mil ist(>|)li(r. 
 I5('iirilnl('y, KolicilMoii. 
 Hciit, Ncdi'liiali. 
 HuriiH, iloliii. 
 liiiriiH, Williiiiri. 
 BuniH, Ktiiriri^<. 
 lialcDiM, SiiiniH^I. 
 lialciiiii, lli'tiiy. 
 HiuiliN, .Iii'^liua. 
 Itciwlliy, Itichiinl, r(^ii. 
 |{owlt)y, Rirliai'd, jiin. 
 liuHkirk, .loliii. 
 Kaker, ijolin, kcii. 
 
 (roploy, W'illiain. 
 
 Caloii, (Jariflt. 
 Croplcy, John. 
 CoviTt, William. 
 Charlton. Aaron, 
 draft, <it'or>;<', 
 Cliarli'ton, Henry, 
 (.'harlctiin, .liiincH, 
 C'>op(!r, .lohn. 
 ('antic, .Michael. 
 ChcHlcy, Henjainin, 
 CliCHkiy, J(me]ili, 
 ChiHtin, ilaineM. 
 
 Delonj^, Simon. 
 Diirland, Daniel. 
 Uiiiland, /ehiilon. 
 Downy, William. 
 
 l)iirHi, .Icilin. 
 hunii, Kilward. 
 I)\inn, K/.ra. 
 l)<Ml(.,'e, Slephen. 
 Dodjjfj, AHaliel. 
 
 Klliott, John. 
 
 Krit/,, Jaeoh. 
 F(iwl(M', John. 
 Karn.sworlh, .loel. 
 Kails, Honjaniin. 
 
 (loiielier, Stephen. 
 (leHMcr, .Ahrahani. 
 (iatOM, (.'aptain. 
 (iateK, ( lldhani. 
 (iardner, (icorgo. 
 (iatcM, JanieH. 
 
 Hammond, Kzra, 
 HawkeHWorth, Adam. 
 Hawkt'Kworth, John. 
 liarkeMon, Kli.slia. 
 
 JacijiicH, Johti. 
 
 Lynrli, I'atriek. 
 Leonard, Jonathan. 
 
 .McMaHtcrB, ilohn. 
 Marshall, Andrew. 
 Marshall, lsaa(\ 
 .Morton, JoKeph. 
 Moore, Sanniiil. 
 Merry, William. 
 
 Nichols, (ieorj^e. 
 Niihols, William. 
 NIcIioIh, Kii'hanl. 
 
 I'rince, (JhriHtophor. 
 
 Tlaii<1all, David. 
 Uanilall, Samuel. 
 Randall, Nathan. 
 Kiinilall, Jonathan. 
 KiiH'ee. William. 
 RuKj^lcH, Joseph. 
 Roliertson, Kohort. 
 Rn).;gles, .'olin. 
 Rnt;i,'Ies, (General 'I'imotliy 
 
 Slocoml). ( 'aleli. 
 Hloi'oird), John. 
 Smith, .lanii-H. 
 Spnmle, John. 
 Slarratt, .lohn. 
 Stiiirall, (ieorgf!. 
 Snyder. H(^nry. 
 Saunders, Timothy. 
 Slronaeh, (!eori;(t. 
 Smith, Kiiiricis. 
 
 Tiuesdal, JiJin. 
 
 Ward, John. 
 
 Woodliury, Dr. Jonathan. 
 Wirmer, .lacolt. 
 Woodluiry, Koster. 
 Woodliuiy, Fairfield. 
 Wilk't, Samuid. 
 
 The roturn of 1794 ^'ivos tlic! tollowinj,' luiditioiial iiarrifs as ratopaycirs 
 in that, ytiar : Philip Thortif', Jdiian Ward, William RlKMicH, David 
 Randall, Otis Marshall, Alwl Marshall, I'ic'hard I^Iaishall, Kaimiol 
 McTnt^To, 8aiiniol McJJridc, John Lfiiahaii, Richard KfMiips, (l(M)(go 
 Hawkesworth, Saimu!! (iat»;s, Ainos Karnsworth, Sainuol Klliott, arul 
 Honry Putin. 'Dw. list, of iiairifs has \)iM']\ ititiochiccd sornf^whafc out of 
 tlie triK! ordf^r of tirnt^ nM|uiicd hy our tiai rativc, hut it srt^incMl (hisiniljh) 
 that the reader sh<tul<l l)e ina(k! familiar with tliem heforo what in to 
 follow should he perused. One of the most interesting volumes in the 
 archives is that which contains the hitters of tlu* Honourahle Charles 
 Morris, th(!n the Surveyor-General of the Province, to his deputies in this 
 county, of whom he tells us he hud .seven. These letters are full of 
 interest as the reader will find. 
 
IIIST<»KV OI' ANNAn»f-IS. 2.'U 
 
 F horo t.ianHcrih(i ouc addrcHHcd to .lolm Harris, juii., coiici'iniiij; a 
 grant f,f» iiu'mlwrs of llir IIu>,'>,'1ch family. It liraiH date F)cf(!iiil)or (it.li, 
 I7«l, and tlit^ t(!Xt, inadiMirai)ly lf;,'il)i<', as is, intlccd, tlm wiioi«! oontdnt.s of 
 till! l)ook : 
 
 "Sir, — liiiloKfil is n copy iif the (iipvciiior'H w.iiifinl fin' liiviiin nut Kidmnl iiiiil 
 iJiiliii Kii^ijlcs, rHipiiii'M, Ki|»hl limidifil jicich of land ciicli. \i<n ,iic to lav out 
 HJxti'i'ii liiiiiilri'il actfH in ofn' coiiliKUoiis triK I , on the f tur- of IiiihIh uiljoiniiij^ llir Lam I 
 giHiilcil tci (JtiMcial |{ll^;JJ;l^H, tlicir (lonoiircrl Fating-, liciii;; |mit of land roHcr'Vcd for' 
 that family. In MUivcyinn tliiH trait yon will olisi-rvr to tnakr |)ro|)cr liouiidH iind to 
 note llicni. Snr\ry yon aic to ictniti to tliiM olliir, ami also to dcHcrilx'. tin' LotH in 
 VVihnolt, wliii'li tliiH land nuiy lifunid on, f<n' yon may oxtond it, citlu!!' <!IimI or wi'Mt, 
 of l\u: Krar of lliiir Kut Iici'h Lanil or toward t he Hay of Knndy, aH may linst, Hnit tlicm. 
 Yon ar<^ also torortify to the iiatnre and ipiality of tlir laiul in (irnt'ial, and wlirtlin 
 any tluil><,'r tri'i'n til for tlii' \\m' of tin- Koyal Navy, and make Kt'|M)it of yoni 
 rroc^ceilings herein to this otlice a.s soon an may lio. 
 
 " I am, Hir, et(;., 
 "(•Sif^m^d), ('iiAKi,i;s MdUiiis. 
 
 " To Mr. .lohn UairiM, juri., or other depnty of the lonnty." 
 
 'I'li<( dt!S(!(^hdaiit,s of IJiohard |{n;^j(liiH ai)ov»! iiaiiKMl aro soattored 
 wid«dy tJirou}{ii Mm extreme wi-sturii comitios. \lr. afterwards sf^ttlcd 
 in the townHJiip of (dements, wjicru \\v, dird, l('avin<^ a (inn lionii-stoad 
 to his family, and soinn of his ^^randsons and f^roat-j^randsons .still, I 
 Vj('li('V(% (K;cu|)y porticjiis of it. 
 
 Fn July, 17H.'), the Smvi'yor-(<cncial thus wroto to Hcnjaniin .Farvis, 
 anotlier of liis d(!j)titi(is, whet livwi at that, tiint; in what is now calh'd 
 Aylosford : 
 
 " I httve re(^eived yonr I'ian of tive hnndrcil acrcH for .Mr. Wiswall and two for 
 ThomiiH Onthit, ami whiill ^fl t.ln' pay for yon aw No<in as I can. Ah foi- the ItoulheeH 
 (Huwlhyn) if it Hhonhl .ho hap|pcii that. I iTiay have occasion to order other Hurv(!yK to 
 be made, at the i)iil)lic expeime, yon may, when on Biieh Hcrvice lay out the Lanrl 
 asHif^ni'd foi- them and chfir^e it in the Hame acconnt. ... If you will forward 
 a HJiort. petition to the (iovcrnor for the LamI yon wiwh to have and get Mr. 
 IfiiHton or Mr. Minhidge, or Imtli, to wiite .i line of lieeommi^ndatioii at the 
 Hottoin, I will caiiy it thronj^di fipr yon. If yon are a loyal emigrant you'll havc^ 
 no feeH to yon, exi'ept at Mr. Went wort Ii'h otiice." 
 
 'I'hc heirs of tlm Wiswalls and OntJiits still o(!rupy tlu; lands luM'cin 
 roffM'red to. In August of IIm^ same, year Mr. Morris wrote U> ,FoH('|ih 
 Flugf^lcs, another of his deputies, siiyinj^ : 
 
 " I have the ( Jovt'iiior'.s Warrant to lay cnitr unto Laurens Van lluHkirk, tlarrct 
 Van liuskirk, Al)raham Van linskirk, lir'tu'v Van liuHkirk, .lohn Van ISuMkirk and 
 (larret Aekernon, each a plantation containing 2n0 acres l,2(M)aercH in the whole 
 which you will lay out for thetu on VVilniott; inountainH adjoining the landn granted 
 the HOHH of (ienet'al jltiggles, provided the. land is not laid out to others. . . . 
 They pi'ving you for your' tfonlije, as < iover'rnnciit will not b<^ at. any furthi'r- expriUHe 
 for aiieh Hurveys." 
 
2.'J2 IllSIOIiV Oh AWAI'OMS. 
 
 On till' 2!M,li of |)c('i'riiliiT, in tin- sariii' yi'ar, In- wnitc jij^uiii In Mr. 
 Ilu>{j{l<'M )iH FdIIuwh : 
 
 "I Imvc I III- ( liivcnini H W'arnilit In lay on I 'J.'iO m |(•^ fm Slc|ili('ii (Inii^cr, iiOfI fnl' 
 KilwunI <iiiiiv;i'i', l<i!) Inr .Imiih'h I'luliH, lunl Mil) Im Ki'iiiiiiiiiii Art in li'>() in tlii^ 
 wlinlii wlilitll JH In Ih' liiiil mil In I lii' mil I liwiii'il iiliil ml ininili^ liiliil ^I'iiiiIimI (/'uIdmi'I 
 Mi'vurly KoliiiiMiiri ami hIIiimm, nil W'lliiinl.l iiiniiiiliilii, lii-lwi-fii I liciii iiml lln^ If.iy nf 
 Kiimly. I liavr only In r<-tmit'l< I liiil IIii'D! Ih a ^rciil. hIii'I'I ni- rnail fniir iikIh wiilo 
 lii'lvvMiMi I'vciy i;i''inl iiiiuli' mi I In- nimiiil.iin In llif liny nt i'limly." 
 
 Ill I 7M7, Miiy .'Usi, iv^tiut iiJdii'Hsinj^ Mr. Rii;,';,'lrs, lie writes lliu.'< : 
 
 " I wrnlt- ynii lant fall In lay out for Mi'h. |'liilli|iH tivi- Immlicil acii'H nf liiiiil nn 
 Wilnint.t. IIIIIh, luljniniiiv; tli<' Krv. WiHwalTH, uml In ri'hirn ii |iliiii llii-ti'tn tn lliiH 
 f)Hi«!ii. I havii till; ' InviTiinr'M Waiimil lor a llinimanil acri'H tn lif Hiiivi-ycil to •Inlili 
 
 ( 'liiimllor, fHi|iiiir, wliicli, it he il hi-m, ynii may lay out , ail jniniii;^ .Mih. I'liilli|m', nr 
 
 in any pjirt nf t.lii' Tnii'l, lyiiiK liclvvtini (Ja|ilaiii I'Iii|i|im', Dmlnr lliililiiirtoirM, tlio 
 liuHkirkH, ami the Hiiy of Kiimly." 
 
 On llio I2l,li of .Iniif t'oliowini^, lie writes tlie hiuim' : 
 
 " I liavo MOW the ( iovciiim M Warrant for four liiimlri'il hi'ii'm for .\lr. lloliiiiHnii 
 wliiiJi ynii will wiirvi-y ami lay nut for liiiii nn Wiliiinll llill,^ a^^riM-alilo In my lottor 
 of .'tut .Inly. llv. will |my ynii fnr tliin liiiHiiii'.iH ; liiit I iiiiiHt pray ynii tn Id; hh 
 favoiiraMu to lilin uiyoii ran in iiial<iiit{ yoiiri'liargxH, for liu liaH iixtl willi niidfortiiim, 
 mill I lii^liitvi' in iinalilit In pay iiiih'Ii. ... If lir ilni-s nnt like i lie liinil yon may 
 point, any oilier iiiigranteil 'I'riiet Unit, you know of, or ynii I'lin nwv. him llieMi- onlerM 
 l.liat lie may apjily tn .\Ir. .Inlin llarriH, JMii., .\Ii. MilliilKe, nr nny ntlier nf my 
 •luputieH who may I'xeciiti' Ihmi if I hey ran Iiml ImihI In plr.iMi- him." 
 
 ill Aii><iiHt, to the Hiime lie .siiy.s : 
 
 "I iieviw hail a VV'arraiil of Hiirvry for the Nii'hols | David mil Ocorne]. Thoy 
 llliifd petition the (iovernni fnr the lanil in I In- nsn nf Lot Nn. ^iS, in Wilmott,, ami 
 wlintl I have rereiveil the (ioveriior'H Warrant I will prepare for the (iraiil wilhniit, 
 InHM nf tiim; ami Willi an little expeiiMr an pnMwihIe." 
 
 On llie L'liiid of I )(^eeinl»er, 17K7, Mr. Morris tells Alexander Tfowo, 
 I'iS(|iiire, of (iranvilje, tJmt "lie is ;;oin;,' on wit.li the (irant." lo him and 
 (Japlain Katlii-riis, for two tlioiis;ind aeres on the rear of Major 
 I'^arriti^ilon's iiiid Mr. JohiiHtone, i lands in the south cast of I he county. 
 
 Of ('aptain Katlinnis, h»! says : 
 
 " lie (lot!H lint, i:nni<! illiiler the ilemript inn nf a Loyiilint, or reihlred olljcer, Hervili({ 
 in the late war, ami therefore iiin was a vote nf rniimil, ami in all Ihtme easos funH 
 are paid in all the ollieoH, wliieli for oih' thoiisiiiid acruH and niio (iranleo in thirteen 
 poiimlH. tell Hliilliiif{H, or tlmrcaliniilH."' 
 
 The letU'r (jiioted from was forwarded to Anna)>olis liy tlie hands of 
 Mr. lioimott, fatlior of Iho iati; sherillof the (jouuty. 
 
 * DeHeDmliiiitK of Captain KatlieriiH yet reHide in tin; iniinty. He lived to a ^ruat. 
 ago, and was in the coiinniHHinii of the pnaee for many years. 
 
IllsrollV f»l' ANNAI'OMS. 233 
 
 'riii'(M! yciiiH l)('t'()i<' l.lif aliovc iliitf, iiiiiiifly, on tlir lOtli of I)i'c('rnln'r, 
 17H|, Ik' IiimI wrilti'ii III (III' MiiiiK! ;;firi( Irmiili Jih t'ollows ; 
 
 " |)|;AII Sin, I llHll I he IwilKllll I'l ircc-IVI y'lMf tilVDIlP (ll III"' mill llllilllll, <!VI'r 
 
 HJiiif wliicli I liMvi' lifiin viTV ill mill ruiiCniril with llif (iiml. N'mir Ni«t«r, Mm. 
 Ciittnitin, HiK'iiiH very iloHiroiiH of liMvJrix lli-i' 'I'IiiiumiiiiiI iirnrH liy InTHcIt, in (Iiih |iiiiI, 
 of (III! rniviiici'. (;M|ilniii (,'iiMmiiiii IiiiiI fni iiicily l"'i lul-^ "H III'' VN'iii'Uoi Kmiil ; 
 t.lmy wurc liy him niorlt^uKril Id ii Knilli-iiiMii in I'lnj^liuiil ; Iml iii'vri iiiiy iiii|ii'ivi'- 
 MM'lil liliiili- liV llii' liiiillt!MK<'i' anil llirliiiiil Iiiih ImtiiMH' liiilili'lii tni I'lll III i'. If mIio 
 CHII iililiiili iJiJH ll '\H llir Ih'hI I I'lili ilii fur lii'l , lUlij if ymi I'lli liKi' I III' lilliii nn tlio 
 intdiiilt'il ni'W riiiiil, I I'liii iiiiiki! hi'iuuhIi' |r'(lllll'^ "f I In- Wiiniiiil , or if iii'i'rMMiiiy, 
 oliliiiti ii(!|Miralr WiiiriiiilH iih hikui iik ynii I'liii mi rini' ii Siirvi'y "I Mi. lliiiiiH, nr- iiny 
 (itliiTiif my i|i'|)iili<'H, of till' liiiiiil yiiii me I (i'hikiuh nf liMviiix. «illi tin' |iiii|ii'i- milim 
 
 mill ImiiiiiiIh tJioi'iion hi^Hirilii'd, iiml hi'iiiI , I will il<> I'vi'iyl liiii;^ in my |i<iwi'i' In 
 
 fiirwiiril tlin >{i'iiiit." 
 
 Ill . I Illy, I7HI, l,ln" Snrvryur (JfiH'iul liiul wriltni (d Aiiioh I'lotst'ord, 
 IiIh cliii'f (li^puly III/ l')i^,'l>y, ini'l a iiHiiiilMM' of iIm- I'.oiinl of AgfMilH, in 
 tli('H(! t.oi'iiiM : 
 
 " I \ify, li^avi^ (i> riMoiiimrnil lo your iilli-nl inn llii' Ih'iiiit, (.'a|il(iiii lluwi', wIiuho 
 fiillirr IiihI IiIm lifn in liikin>< iiimHi'HHinM nf llii'i c'limlry in '•!• or TiO, liy lln' Indiaiin 
 li<! wanlH Hiiiiii! Inml llirri^ aii^ ntily Iwn vaiatii IhIh in VV'iliiint, l.'t ami 14 wuhI Hiiio 
 of BiKWirH ( Uowoii'h ?|." 
 
 [ iiiitnl/ioii tliJH fai-t lis illustniMvi' of tlii^ chU^ciii in wliiirli llowi; wan 
 hiilil liy I.Ih! loading iiinii of IJm^ •'"■y- I'"' '''''iiiiw' in ri-furri^d l.o l.lin 
 liio(^rii|)lii(;iil and g»!in)iilo;^i(:ai piirln of Ihis work for furtln'r |iarti(!ularn of 
 IiIh family. 
 
 I copy tli(> following poHlHrript. io a l('M,(!r written liy Mr. Morris, in 
 Aiif^iist, 1781, to one of Ills hcvcii ilfpiiticH in tlic coiiiity, 'riioinaH Millid;,'*^ 
 Kh(|., as it relates to a iiiatler of some (onMeijuenee lo persons now living 
 in tlie dJHtriet to wliioli it refers, namely, to the liomidary lines lietween 
 (iianville and Wilmot, wliieli have proved a puzzle to the lo(;al surveyorH. 
 It says; " TIk! eastern lioiindary of (>ranville runs N. U'J" ■'(()' VV^ to th«) 
 ]{ay of l*\indy, so that there will lie an angle of land lietween that 
 t/ownship and the land you are at present laying out, which is not to lie 
 granted, liut to riMiiain a pulilic rosorve."* 
 
 It was toward the elose of the irentiiry that Samuel Veleli I5iiyaril, a 
 distinguiMhed New York lioyalist, liecame a dweller in the township. In 
 his youtli and early inanhoiHl, he. was reputed to have led a somewhat 
 wild and thoughtlimH life, and to have lieen noted for his disregard to 
 religious oliligation, Krom the time of his HettlemenI in Wilmot, however, 
 liis eonduet lieoame the suliject of a wonderful ehange. Ills old ways 
 were aliandiined, and he lieoame a model of piety and soeial worth ; and 
 thus in his after-life, he HUooeiHled liy his teachingH and nohlt; example to 
 
 "Tim weHtorii liouiiiliiry of Wilmot wim run N. 10" W., liunco tlio triangular tiloi;k 
 lmtWM!ii ; till) apiix of the triaiiKl" hi'in^^ at tho livnr ami itK Iximc on I ho May of 
 Fiiiiily. 
 
'2.'{4 IIISIOUV OK ANNAI'OI.IH. 
 
 iiM|ii'cMH ii|i(iti llif |i('ii|)li' liitutn'^ wliuiii III' livi-d, l,li(i value of a |iin'<) and 
 Mi'lf Hfiriillriiip life, and an inlli-xiliir i'i-|{iit'd Uiv t,ln- iriilJi. \\<; wan a 
 Inacjin;^ iiri)^i'ti rati- Cur many yi-afi, and neviT laiji-d in liin i'a|iacily an 
 Hiii'li III I'i'liiiki' all evil and wrun;^' vviUi a I'l-arli-HH t.(Mip;n<-, and In |iiiniKli 
 all wriin;{ diiinf^' wilji a r<iiira;^i- only iM|iiallcd liy IiIh lioni-Hty of |iiir|ios(i 
 and dcli'i'Miinal ion lo adinini'tli-r tin- lawn in Hiirli a iiiannct' an would 
 iiiakf iJn'ni a li'i'iui' lo llii- wirlo'd and ft liulwack of Hi'i'iirily lo l.litt 
 wi'll i|iH|ioHi'i|. ( 'oloni'l Itayai'd, ii.n In- was ^^enerally rallnd, wjih lioin 
 in New Yiiik in I7'i7, and wiim of l''irneli oi'ij^in. 1 1 in family wi-io 
 I'r'oli'HianI, and canii' to New V'oik afl.er iJie revocation of iJie ICdiel, of 
 Nanl.es,, wliere, uiidei' lliiliuli eolonial rule, lliey coulil express l.lieir 
 reli^ioUH opinionH willi safely, and woiHliiji liod in I lie manner l.hey 
 jiid;^'ed inoMt Heri|ihiral and ai'ee|ilalile. 'I'lie ^reiil, mereanlile lioiiMe of 
 William liayard A' <'oiii|iany wiih founded liy lliem, wliiitli for many yearn 
 lieid a poHilion in llie eomiiiereiiil world of Aniftriiwi second in nono, 
 excejit, |ierlia|iH, I liiil. of .Sle|ilieii I )e Laiicey A' ('oin|iany, of Ijial. cil.y. 
 
 Mr. liayard eiilered |,|ic service when very yoiiiij^, mm lie was only 
 twenty six years of a;<e at tlie close of the war, in ITH.'i, and at that tiiiK! 
 had I'eached the iiosilion of major in the ( >i'aii^e It.an^eiM, in which corpH 
 he Herveil. We cannol now lie (|uite lerlji.in at what time he (ir.Ht took 
 up his residence in the township, hut it was pr<ilialily ahoiit the year 
 |H()0. Ill- was lieiitenalil colonel of the Hoyal Nova Sitotia re^inieiit, ill 
 I7'.ir>. One of the (;om|.aiii"s of this re^^iment had its lieadi|iiarters in 
 the ciiiinly, and was cunimjiiided liy <'aplain Alexii.nder Ihiwe. It con 
 :,isted of four lieutenants I >e LaniM-y iSai'clay, .loseph Weeks, lieniaiiiin 
 .lanies and 'rimothv l!u;^;,des four Her;^ea,nts, four (corporals, three 
 drummers, and fifty live privates. The lirst mention I lind made of 
 him in our archives is contained in a letter written liy himself to the. 
 I lonouralile ( 'hai les Morris, and dated from Wilmot, litli Octolier, |K()|. 
 lie says : 
 
 "hrMi Sill, I'.y lliJH (liiy's |"'"l I liiivc liitiiMiiiitl.iMl a |ictil.iiili ti> Sir .loliii 
 U'i'iil Weill li, lur II ^raiit of tivc tlioiimiii'l ii< itm nl liiml for iiiyMcll iiml fntnily, as an 
 AliH-lliiili l.iiyii.li«l , iiliil IIM ii 1 iiiiiiiiiHMMiiicil Kii'lij olliiiT III. I lie iliiiir of llic war. 
 I'lcvloiiM lo my liiiviiij^ lliililiix ill Aii|<iihI IhhI , llin Kxiilliiiiy w/im iiIciihciI lo reply 
 lliiil III' would III I im|i. Ill lliii luiiyir of my |i<'l il.joii, Iml ilcHiiiil mi- to Hliitc in it lliii 
 riii'illiiMliiiii'i' of my mil hiiviiif^ re ■ > iij any Inml'i ii.m ii ||'i|iii:ciI oIliriT iiimI l.oynliHt, 
 l.o^i I lii'i- Willi my liaviiiK oliliiiiicd ..nlii fniin Lord Syihiiy, in tlic year l7Hf>, for 
 
 laiiili' for iiiyHi'll imil Inmily, wliicji was <llri'< Icil lo ( ioviillior I'arr, lit tlie tiiiii' I lial, 
 you were pleiiMi'il lo iii'iiintiieiiil to iih' I lie tract, ol IiiihIh in the towiiHlii|i of Wiliiiot, 
 on the Hay of Kiimly. .\1y fnenil, .Major 'riii'HJ«cr, will |iioi'iiie IIih I'lxceJleney'H 
 I oiiHciil for I lie ^raiil lieiiii^ iiiaile out, iiiiij lliioii^li liiiii I will hi'IhI t.li" piiyiiienl. 
 willioiit. ileliiy, iiM moll as I reieive infoi iiial ion tlieri'iif. Voiir attention to tlilH 
 imiMii' villi I'l lo till' olili)/iit loiiM iilieaily confeiieil on 
 
 " Voiii ohedieiit mi'I vailt, 
 " (Sij^ni'il), Hamiiki. \'. ItAVAiiii," 
 
IllsroitV <il' ANNAI'OI.IM. 285 
 
 'I'liri IiiikIm iMi'iilionrd in IJiIh IcI.l.tT wtu'd Hhoi'lJy iii'l.n'wiM'iJH f^tiuili-il l,i» 
 liiiii, uii'l II |iiii'l.iiiii III' iIk^iii yi-l. litrlnni^'H IdIiIh lifii'M. 'I'liry at'<i Hil.iiiil.i'il on 
 iJiiixoiilJi Miilti III' Ijiii riviM', ami iin- mh w<-II Ioiuwii lliiil. tlicy do iiul. iii'imI n 
 H|i<iciiil il<mri'i|il iiiM. ('iiliiiH'l liayai'ij ijiril Miiy'JllJi, iH.'t'J. 'riii)i'<wi|i|iiwirH 
 to iiiivii Imhmi liul' 1)1111 Hiiw mill in Wilinul, in I7h7; tur \\\f hiiw mill 
 lioiinl.y wiiH clainiiMl liy unly mio hwiht, himI iIiii.I uwmii' w/ih lli-iiry 
 ' Miiiflliin, wliiiMi' I'liinily niiini- Iihh licciinn! vi-ry nunirriiim in l.liii cuitnty 
 anil iiiJjiiriMil. i'i-;{iiinH. In 17'.!'/, nn tin- 'tJHl Miurli, 'riidrniiH Milliilj^i', I'!hi|., 
 <ini' III' iJii! ni<-MilMM'H III' I. III! AHst^niliJy tur llm iiiiint y anil rliairnian nl' a 
 niinniiloi- a|i|iiiinlrfi| I'nr l.liai. |iiii'|iiimi', i'i-|iiiii.<-ii In l.lii' lluiiHit in I'avniii' nl' 
 layin;( mil. a I'nai I /'/•(//;( Niflniix In lliilil'n.r. 
 
 A iiioiaiirliiily urriii ri-iifr l.iiiiK plari! al. |{.ca;{li'H (,'iisi' now Maf^ai'i^l.M 
 villr nn t.lin i;i>aHl. Ill' t.liit liay iil' l<'iinily, III llial. yiwir, in Uio wnck 
 Hi'|iiiral,in;^ < JliiiHliniiM I >ay I'min (lii^ Niw Yi^ar. Ailjoininj^ IIiIm rove, ami 
 t^Hli'iiiliii;^ liiirk iiil.ii (III? ruiinlry I'lii' sumo ilisl.ani;!', lay a l.i'art. iif land 
 
 liiil. r nlJy ;:;i'aiili'i| in iJn; llunuiir'alilii Miirl.ni' ilnlin llalliltni'Uiii," lint 
 
 I'alrlii'i' III' llir lal.i; Viuii-ralili^ (.'liirl' JiiMl.iiU! ilalliliiirl.un, nn wliirli a Hinall 
 rlcarin;^ liail licrn maili-, anil a Hinall liul> fii^rl.tMl, liy unit I'i'I.im' iSarni'H. 
 VVil.li \\\\h itxr(!|it.iiiii (Ju! wliiiln i'f;»iiiii fur many inil'tH ainnnil wiih a 
 (liitiHi! ami Mnl)i'iil<i'n wiliiriiii-HM. (Mi a liil.li-rly rnlil iii;^lil. at, l.lir t.iimt 
 iiliinn ri't'rri'iMJ |,ii, a Hinall Hrliiiuncr lii^lnn^in;^ t.ii (Joiriwallis ur liurt.iiii, 
 nn In^r |iaHMa;;f linwn iJii' day, wilh raii;{lil. in imi' nl' iJiiiMit vinlitnl/ 
 norl.li i-iihI. hiihw Hlniiim, wliirli iinw anil lliitii hwi-<'|i nvi-r our itx|inHi-i| 
 coaHt.M wil.li Hiirli ilitvaHl.aliin;,{ liuwur, an<l licramn a svri'ck al, l.liiH plaiut, 
 ami nnt, vitry far frnin t.lm ilwflliii;^ of Karm^H ami liin wifr. 'I'liiH 
 vnHHi'l liail nix mhiiIh nn liiianl al. t.liit l,imii nf tliii iliHa.sl.i'r, t.liion nf wlinm 
 |H!i'iHliiti| in trying In irti'i'i'l ii, lamliii^ frnm t.lm Miramlril Hitlinnmtr, vvliilo 
 iJii! irtiiainin;^ l.liri'i^ rrai-ln-il Ijiit lariil in safi-l.y, iiiit. only to ilin in t.lii) 
 tiiii^lilioiirin;{ fnrcHl.M lii-t'ori' ilayli;<lit, hIioiiIiI nj(ain vinil, t,lm m^nmt of iJicir 
 alinoHt. mit'iiiMilniiH liiil. I,itm|iiiriiry I'Mi'iipi-. 'I'lirir lioilifH vvrrn imxi. ilay 
 fnuml Hl.ark frn/mi, ami ii'riiniii); a;^ainHl. iJiit Ihhi^Iih of tint l.rttitH, froiii 
 which \\\{'y ap|iitar(t)l lo liavit hoii^IiI. Hhitlri^r ami aiil ; ami whrti foiiml it. 
 liitcaiiM- i^vjilitnt. I.hat. Hnmit |i)trHnn hail lii-i-n t.liitri! In-fnrit, ami hail wri'iiithi'il 
 away ihr linj^i-r lin^H wniii liy nmi nf I.Im^iii, ami I lint, all lint valiialilitH nf 
 which l.hity ha.il liitni |inKMi'HMri|, if inilr.nl, l.hi'y hud any, had diHa|i|)i'at'itd, 
 and NUH|iii;i(>n nf tin- fmil di-i-d |'i-|| ii|iiin Itarntts. In fiutt., lint lo^ttml cnn 
 fiititl.itd with IIiIh iiiflamtholy cvitnt., itiirntnt. in t.hal. Hcittion nf tint county 
 in l.lnt vvi'il.itr'H linyhniid, allirim'd t.hal. in tin- intiti'MilH of lint howlin^^H of 
 l/liit t,itin|HtHl/ in t.hal. fi-arfiil nij^ht., hit had lii'ard lint rriits of t.ln-Kit <lyill^ 
 until Ohi'ir ri'inaim wi'rr. found not. far frnin iii.'i hut) and had gone out. ab 
 tint ntijintHl. of Ihh wil'i- to oH'ir aid and Hintltttr, liiil, that, hit had ntl.urnitil 
 
 ' A Miir^i'iiii III I III' tSiiliiili iiiivy iliiiinp; I hi' ii'vuIiiIiiim. | l'il>. | 
 
236 lllsroKY OK ANNAI'OIJS. 
 
 aftor n (JonHideruhlo alwonco, sayinj^ tlicy liud ln'in miHtakon in tin- soiinils 
 tlit^y li.'id licani, nr tli(iii<,'lit llii-y liad liis'ird, as lie coidd not licai' aiiylliin;{ 
 vlicn outside. TIk' If^^cud, liowi-vci-, atliriiicd lliat lie liad found tJKWii 
 alivo, though Npccchlt'ss ; that he liad <h'lihf;rately I'ohlx'd tht-ni, and hift 
 them to meet their fate. There is hut little douht that the le;,'en(hiry 
 facts did not run <|uite j)arallel with the real ones; hut it is eertaui tiiat 
 he was shunned as lliouj^h he liad heen guilty, and his (h'lith, or ratluir 
 the manner of it, which occurred neai'iy twcMity yeai's afttirward, was by 
 many looked ufxtn as a confirmation of his assumed guilt. It was on a 
 j)re(;isely similar night of storm that he left the tavern of William Pearco, 
 near what is now known as Middieton, and was never sec^n alivc^ again. 
 Tlie gale of wind howled fearfully, and the Minding snows wcmc heapeil 
 into huge drifts in the highways during the night, and in tin? morning 
 his hody was f(»und in a field near the highway, a stiffened cor])se. lit; wa.s 
 the first settler at Margaretsvillc, was an Irishman hy birth and married, 
 but left no d(\scendaiits. 
 
 On the meeting of the Houses of Assemhly in .June, 1 790, a petition was 
 presenteil to it, signed by Nathaniel Parker, l'\)ster Woodl)ury, and 
 others, praying for aid to the Liverpool 'load, stating that "tin; peti- 
 tioners had cut the saints from Nietaux toward Liverpor>l one-half the 
 distancf!, and that the inhabitants of (Queens County had cut out the 
 remaining half." The initial work on this h^ngthy highway was theie- 
 fore done in 179H. A heavy Hre swept over a j)ortion of this township 
 in 1800 which did considerable damage to buildings and crops, esj)ecially 
 to the latter, and in consei|uen(;e thereof, Alden Bass and others peti- 
 tioned th(! AssemV)ly in June of the following yeai- foi- relief. The con- 
 flagration was accidtmtal and took place in August. The petitioner Pass 
 was the son of Joseph Pass, a grantee in Anna[)olis township, and was a 
 nephew of the Right Rev. Dr. Pa.ss, the first Episcopal Pishoj) of Massa- 
 chusetts. This family was, I suspect, connected by marriage with the 
 Aldens of Poston. 
 
 In 1801 the first "Payard bridge" seems to have Ijeen under construc- 
 tion, the commissioners for building it being John Ruggles and Nathaniel 
 Parker. Mr. Ruggles and Mr. do Saint Croi.x were the commissioner's 
 of highways from Aylesford to Hicks' Ferry (Pridgetown) this year for 
 the expenditure of £50, granted in 1799. In the same year the road 
 from Nietaux leading to Farnungton had been laid out, as will appear 
 from the petition of Colonel James Eager, who states a jury had assf\ssed 
 damages to the amount of £60 in his favour for the land taken from him 
 to locate tl road, but which had not been paid to him. Elias Wheelock, 
 in 1801, had been engaged in making extensive explorations of the 
 country between Wilmot and Iiunenl)urg, with a view to laying out a 
 road from the former to the latter place, and in 1802 petitioned to be 
 
IIISTOIJY (IK ANN'AI'OMS. 237 
 
 rcmunrinitcrl for his scivicns, iind tlio Asst!ml)ly ^^ranti^d liiiii the sum of 
 i;2.'i 4h. CxI. Williiiin IJcnt, Ksi|., of fiiiiidiso, hy [X'titioii iiskfd flin 
 Ij(!;^i.slfitiii'(', ill I SOJ, for aid t,o Imild a hrid^^i' ovcf tin! AriiiajMilis llivcrab 
 that |)oiiit, and tlio AHsciiihly hy resolution af,'n'cd (o <^vi\.i\l CliOO toward 
 the ol)jf(!t, on lh<( condition that £100 .should \h: jirovidod by the 
 inhabitants interested. The sum of 1'70 was j,'ranted diirinj^ the sanus 
 s(!ssioii to secure two alterations in the hij^liway leadin;^ throuj^h tho 
 township towar<l Halifax, which were <lescril)ed as follows; "To 
 commence ut tlu; tp of the west l>aiik of Dunn's brook, and fiom thence 
 to run nearly v caiglit t(» Hackleton's house on tim north si<le of th(! rctad, 
 an<l from th iittlt^ biook east of Philip Thome's house to the twenty- 
 third mile )oard opposite! the house of the Rev. Mr. WiHwall." On 
 July !•■ IHOl, Mr. Millidj,'e mov(!d a resolution in the As.sembly "to 
 C()' h^r of the speedic^st means of setMiring settiei's on tli«! new road to 
 Li erpool." This led to the a|i[)ointment of a commi.ssioniir to locate 
 settlers and superintend all matters necessary to Ih' (htne to insure speedy 
 and permanent settlement. The conunissioner chosen was Nathaniisl 
 Parker, whose report on the pro;,'ress made the reader will find in exOnmn 
 in the history of tin? district of New Albany. 
 
 In June, 1803, William I'ent and otluMs, of I'aiadise, in a memorial 
 to the Lefjisiature, inform th(! House* that they "have nuide impiove- 
 ments on the nt^w huids at the foot of the North Mountain, in W'ilmot, 
 but being indigent art; unable to make a road to the Post Hoad, and they 
 asked foi' assistance on that account. There therefore appears to have 
 b(!(!n IK) " l^eonard I{oad " uj) to that time, l>ut it was soon afterwards 
 laid out and constructed. The Assembly granted £10 toward it at this 
 time. 
 
 In the same year William liobin.son and others, "proprietors of lands 
 on the road leading from " Nictau.x Falis " to " Hirch Oove"(?) applied 
 for aifl for this rfiad, and for the passage of an Act to compel abscint 
 proj)rietors to pay for, or f)e!'form, statut(! labour." In ISO'J, Phini-as 
 Millidge, who was one <tf the de[)Uty surveyois for tin; county, was 
 employed in the survey of a section of the Liverpool Koad, with a party 
 of assistants, consisting of Nathaniel Parker, Joseph Mortr)n, John 
 McCormick, (ieorge Harvcsy and (ieorge lUichanan, who applied for 
 compensation for losses sustained by fire while cairying forward their 
 survey. Their clothing was destn)yed by one of their camps taking fire 
 in their absence, and the Assembly granted £30 10s. to Ixi distributed 
 among them in i)roportion to their loss«!s. A nisolution j)assed the House 
 during the same session to the effect that a sum not exceeding thirty 
 pounds be granted to Elias Wlieelock, surveyor, to be expended in 
 exploring a road to commence from the end of said Wheelock's marke^d 
 
238 IIISTOIY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 rcMwl, through the lots jjran^ed to lloheit Dickson* and othi^s, in 1796, 
 totho miiin loiul Icadinj^ to Halifax.! 
 
 In 1805 ncnjaniin Hicks, Ann l)o(l<,'o and Sarah Leonard, " inn- 
 koopers of Annapolis and Wilinot," applied to liie Assenildy to ho 
 icinihursed in the sum of £.17 for losses sustained hy them in subsisting 
 His Majesty's troops while on a march ;" whereupon Mr. Millidge 
 <tl)tained iisive to inti'oduce a hill to provide for the payment of expenses 
 incurred in the removal of troops. Mrs. Leonai'd was the widow of the 
 late .Jonathan Leonard, <if Paradise, and the mother of the late Seth 
 liconard, of that place, a highly respected magistrate of the township. 
 Mrs. Dodge was the widow of Asahel Dodge, the founder of the tavern, 
 so long known in later years as tiiblxm's. Both these families were of 
 preloyalist origin. 
 
 In December of this year, Elias Wheelock prayed the Legislature to 
 grant him the sum of £91 to reimburse him for the expenses incurred 
 and labour performed in exploring the country between Annapolis, 
 Halifax and Lunenburg. This gentleman was one of the most active and 
 intelligent pioneers in road location and construction, and to his energy 
 and almost tii'eless j)ersevprance, the people of South Wilmot were 
 indebted for the benefits derived from the road systems devised and 
 inaugurated through his efforts in the latter years of the last, and the 
 first years of the present century. He lived to a green old age, and some 
 of his children yet survive and reside in the township, of whom Thomas 
 0. Wheelock, of Middleton, is one. 
 
 Below the reader will find a list of the names of the farmers in 
 Wilmot who claimed the liounty created by the Act 46, Geo. Ill , for 
 clearing and seeding lands. The proofs (as to acres cleared) were 
 presented to a court of special sessions of the peace, held at Annapolis, 
 June 22nd, 1807. 
 
 Acres 
 Name. cleared. 
 
 Joliii Reagh (ij 
 
 David Nicliols 4| 
 
 Matthow Roach 10^ 
 
 Jolm Foster '2;J 
 
 Jacob Fritz 7 J 
 
 Daniel Durland 74 
 
 (Jeorge Hawkesworth 3 
 
 John Elliott 7^ 
 
 Caleb Sloconil} 5J 
 
 * Mr. Dickson was a Loyalist gentleman, and succeeded Alexander Howe as 
 Collector of Customs at Annapolis, in September, 1797. He was also one of the 
 early RherifTs of the county. He died in 1808, leaving several daughters but no 
 male heirs. One of the daughters married the late Silas Hoyt. Jesse Hoy t, Esq., 
 of Stellarton, was a great-grandson of Mr. Dickson. 
 
 tThe Bloomington, or Peter Morse Road, is indicated. 
 
 Acres 
 Name. cleared. 
 
 Abel Marshall 5J 
 
 William .Merry 3i 
 
 James Hanks 5J 
 
 Henry Balcomb 7i 
 
 <ieorge Bowlby 4^ 
 
 Reuben Balcomb 5^ 
 
 Henry Banks 8J 
 
 Conrod Osinger 2ji 
 
 l'a\il Chesley 9.^ 
 
HISTORY OF ANN'APOrjS. 
 
 2:19 
 
 Name, 
 
 JoNcph ISi'owii 
 
 John (Iroptt'v 
 
 Hriiiy Muiiiiy 
 
 .IdIiii Wisswall. . 
 
 iSaiMuel itrown 
 
 •John Noily, jiiii. . . . 
 
 Sannicl |)(nl;^e 
 
 Samuel (iules 
 
 (icorgo Stronadi . . . 
 
 AmoH (iat !H 
 
 Olilhaiii (iatt!H 
 
 •lat'oli HaktT 
 
 K/t'kiel Hrowii, juti. 
 
 Tlionias (iiitt's 
 
 •lainos (Jatfs 
 
 Froderio Morton . . . 
 
 Rolterl Noily 
 
 JdIiii liakor, jtiii . . 
 
 John VVanl 
 
 Hi'iiiy Hohinson . . . 
 
 Kl)eni.'/er Fails 
 
 Joseph Dulling . . . . 
 
 Ac*'!'?* 
 
 I'luari'il. 
 
 in 
 
 Naini 
 
 AiTI'H 
 
 I'li'ureil. 
 
 4.t 
 
 Hi 
 
 4 
 
 "'] 
 4t 
 
 ■»:i 
 
 Hi 
 
 17] 
 
 41 
 
 4 
 
 3.i 
 
 I ThoMiaH Dulling S'J 
 
 •lohn Sidi'onih, mn\ fl^ 
 
 I Ja.ol. MiM.T 4.^ 
 
 ' Josrph Stiik 2^ 
 
 ' KoliiMHcin lU'aiil.slijy 3] 
 
 I (hark'N Worthylakc '2\ 
 
 t'hriMlophcf HolHor 9:^ 
 
 John Slncoinl), juii Hh 
 
 • CharloM Kohortson 5 
 
 Chaili'M t'ook 2^ 
 
 John Chcsley Ti.J 
 
 Joseph Neily 9^ 
 
 Asa CMiesley t54 
 
 'PhonuiH Hanks ... H^ 
 
 Tiniolliy I'aikor . 11^ 
 
 Donald Logan U 
 
 Henry Itoherts 3 
 
 /elmlon Dulling 3^ 
 
 Daviil Shiiw. . IS.J 
 
 Lott I'himiey 144 
 
 Thomas Clark 4^ 
 
 Asa Longley 2J 
 
 The amount Hubscribed by the people of Wilinot to tlie Patiiotie Fund 
 in 1815 was $78.90, by forty seven contributors. 
 
 Early in 1819 a movement was .set on toot in Wilmot to liave that 
 townsliip .severed from Annapolis with tiu; view to the erection of a nt>w 
 county to be formed by its union with the township of Aylesfoid, wiiich 
 was to be .separated from Kings County. I tliink this action was, to a 
 considerable degree at least, the work of the late Colonel Samuel V. 
 Bayard, already mentioned, as the ])etition appears to be in his hand- 
 writing. It was contemplated that all that part of the county lying to 
 the south of Wilmot, and not included in any other township, should be 
 included. This seems to have been a very popular movement, and no 
 doubt had its origin in the diHiculty and expense of transacting certain 
 public business at Annapolis, over thirty miles distant, and it is presumed 
 it was — for like reasons — etjuall}' agreeable to the Aylesford peoj)le, as 
 they were separated by a similar distance from their county town — 
 Kentville. It certainly was a severe tax upon witnesses, jurymen and 
 magistrates to attend the courts, which were all held in the county town; 
 besides, the condition of the roads, not then as now, thoroughly drained 
 and made smooth, rendered their attendance a labour of considerable 
 magnitude, while the loss of time was felt as a still gieiter consideraticm 
 by the struggling farmers of the remote settlements. The petition is 
 dated February 3rd, 1819, and was signed by 217 persons, constituting 
 a great majority of the people then living there. 
 
'240 msTuKV (»!' ANN MM »|, IS. 
 
 Ill IH'J7 till' |in|iiiliitii)ii lit' the towiisliip i)t' WiliiMit, wiiH 'J,'-'91; (|iiaiility 
 oMiiimI ciilliMiIrd, ."i,l!((» luiTs ; imiiiiIht hI" Iioiscs, 'JL'H ; limiH'd ciiltli', 
 •J,l.i:> ; slic.|i, 1,17.1 ; swill.', l.lil'T. In IHl'.H ..r |S-J!Mlic l.ivak wiitn- iit 
 I'nrt (!ciii-;;c was liciiiiii. Ki'ii^ilTH ('uvi' M(»w .Mar),'Jir('ls\illc wiis iipply- 
 \uH fniiiid III a |iirr in l.s.lu. In 1 HUfi tliirt y iiiiif |»'imomm, of whom cli-vni 
 MmmI ill llif valli V, sulisiiilii'd !?I7<> towiird tin- <'<iiM|ili'liiiii of llic new 
 |ii<T at what is now rallrd I'ort, liOinn, l)iit. then known as .MaiHliiiU's 
 Cove, lliiiidh-y and Ali-xiiiidfr Stiunill, hciidinj,' t.hi! Msl, with .*I0 caih, 
 and |{i'\. It. \V. Ciiiiiiiiii^haiii and ;;i'\t'ial olhrr.s t'ollowin^ with $'2i) iiui'li. 
 
 In JMIIM a pflilion t'<»r j^ovfiiinifnt aid to this wharf st't. forth that- in 
 this cove "ihric is a ^;ood hoiriiiji,' liili'-iy, and fair (•<mI (ishin^ on thu 
 lidiiks a few miles olT;" that tin- petit ionrrs have <).\pcinii'd aheady ifHOO 
 in the const iiict ion of a lireakwatrr to fa<'ilitalf th«! [inisecnition of the 
 lishery, and to t-iialili' them to load and unload vessels at lialf tide, et.<'., 
 and say that tiie coinpletion of the work will lie iienefieial to the jieople 
 of tiie .settlemiMits of ('laretu;e and on the I'ost Itoad, and also those on 
 the HOiith side of the river, in the exportation of cordwiKKl, iiiiiilter, stoek 
 and farm produce, 'i'liey also declare it to lie the fittest jila(;e lietweeii 
 Hall's harlior in Kind's (ounty and " l>i;,d<y (iiit" for a pier. 
 
 The following,' was written liy oiir author in iM'Jtj; 
 
 MII»I)LKT(»N. 
 
 In IH.'? I there were t wo dwell in;(iiouses, possibly three, on tlm site of the 
 liandMotne villai^e now hearing the naiiu! of .Middlelon. Mesides thesis tliero 
 was a little store or shop of I he dimensions of some I'J x If) feet, in wliicli 
 tiie post ollice was kept, and in which nun, tobacco and pipes, witii a few 
 <ither articloH, were kept on sale. ( )ne of those houses svas iist-d as an inn, 
 and there, on Saturday afternoons, it was the custom of many of the 
 farmers in the \iciiiily to iner-t for the purpose of f^leaniiif^ the news of 
 tiie past week and havinj^ a ;;o<Mi scicial time. Liiiuor was freely indulj^ed 
 in, and .sometimes, us usual everywiiere, to excess. M<ist of th(^se people in 
 tiiose far-off days came to tlie "corner," as it was then called, on horse- 
 i«ick, in c<inse(|nence of wiiidi it was not unusual on t.iiese occasions to 
 S(!C some dozen or two of horses hitcliiid t(i tlie nei^lil)ourin;{ fences, and 
 tlio mcsritsor domeritHof these animals fro(|uentiy \c(l to warm diseussions, 
 and hc^ts were f»ft<'n freely made and readily accepted to run races. A 
 strai^jiit half-mile road led from tlm inn eastward, and tiii.s was usimI as a 
 race-course. .\t the lie-^inninj; of the latter iialf of tiie century a mani- 
 fest chanjjr- liecanw! noticeahle liotii in tiie jiciople and tlie surround in j»s of 
 the corner. More thrift and f^reater ttfinperance [irevaiied. The little 
 store <,'ave place to one of imicii f^reater size. Mr. William Alexander 
 Fowler, a younj.^ man of ;^ood business ability, a Jiative of JJridgetown, 
 
MISTOUV ul' AWAI'OI.IS. 241 
 
 ('iiiiiiiii'iii')'<| liiisitii-sH lliiT)' in |M|.s, iiiul siiiiii litiilt iijui Hih' triulc A fi'w 
 
 yciiiH niilirr, 'rimiiiiiM ( ', VV'lM'fltick Ih)ii;;IiI |(i«i|i('rty in 1 1 mlny<» villii>{f, 
 
 fiiiil Ih'i'iuim' mil' lit' its t'diiiiili'i's. ( >lli)>t's, ilcMtli'il til iiii'i'liiinical ti'iulfH, 
 HiHtii tiiiiiil»-i'ril I lii'iiiHi-l vi'H iiiMoti;^ III)' iiiliJiliilants, mill I'si'iylxiily lii';{iiri 
 to liiok t'lii'wanl til till- liiiijiliii^ ii|> lit' a i-oiiMii|*'raliic tuwu. A |iii)ili<' 
 iniM-liii;^ sviiN riilinl t'lii' till' |iiii'|iiist> lit' I'liiMisin^ u iiiiiiH' till' it., iiiiil it 
 is said llif lair lii-v. .laiiii's IJiiini'tsdii, I.lj.h., llim riilur nl' t lie parish, 
 Miiy^rslnl (In- iiiitiii' wliii'li it iHiw lii'iii's. 'riii- ri'iiMiih assi;;ii('il till' its 
 a(l<i|it:iiiii was llial tin- \illii;,'i' was iii-ariy tlif iiiiiiway |»iiiiil iM'twci'ti 
 Atiiia)Milis Koyal and Kfiitvillr. At lliis tiiiii' a iii-w and rniiitiiiidiniis 
 liiilrl was ci'i'ctcd and otln'i' ItiiildiiiLts cDiist nirti-d, and a ipfi'ind nt' run- 
 sidcraliii' j^rowtli i-nsiii'd mi tin- i'mii|il('timi nt tlii' W. >V /\. Kailway, 
 wliii'li has riinliimrd dnwn tutlir pfi'scnt limit'. In t'arl, takmi altn^i^llii'i', 
 till) riso of Middlftiin has lii'i'ii tnm'i' ra|iiil and innt'f siilistanlial than any 
 otlifc fit' mif tosvns in tlicrminly. A nrw and (•mniiindimis si-hoollimiHi', 
 with arrmninodatimi fiic srvci'al di'|iatl iih'IiIs, lia- Iktii lately I'miipji'lrd 
 and is ninv iii'rn|(ii'd. hMctm' S. N. Millfi' has tindrf rmistiiictinn a lai'j^t! 
 and handH<ini<> drii^ Ntortt and nUicfs. ('rnaki't', l).l)S., has a line new 
 dwcllin;^ ni-ariiiLC runiplctinii, and a new railway statiun and cni^ini' liotisn 
 for tilt! N. S. ( ;. Kailway havi- Itccn criTti-d, 
 
 Since till! death of the ''.utlior, the \ illa<;e of Middleton has made a 
 phenomenal advance in j^rowth, heauty and jirosperity. The niiinlier of 
 new and hanilsmne dwelling.; houses that have lieeii put up diirin;; I Kit I 
 and liS',).') has proliahly Itei'ii unprecedented in any part of the county in 
 the Hiiin»! space of time. Th«! continued successful development of tin; 
 iron mines at Torlirook and the openin;^ of the Nova Scotia Central Kail 
 way in IHH!), have much uontriltiiled to this rapiii and ;{ralifyin;{ advaiKM!. 
 An excf;ll(!nt water .system was introduiu'd into the village in 1K!)1, aiu] a 
 newspaper called tlie Outlook was estalilished in thti \illage in IHiM. 
 
 Among tilt! pleasing features that hroke, to tli« eyo of the traveller l»y 
 till! old stage ('oai'lies, the iiioiiot.miy of straggling farm-houses between 
 Bridg(!t,own and Kentville, was the venerahle pine grov(!, since grown 
 smalh^r by degrees, but not " beautifully h^ss," and I he threes churtihes that 
 seemed to nestht peaci^fully under its sluidow theC(iur(!li of Kngland, the 
 Haptist and the Methodist. The spiinging up of Middleton, three-fourths 
 of a milt! farth(;r east, has ri^sulted in he abandonment of i\w two former 
 churches for new ones in the midst of the new centre of population, and 
 the Mtithodist ohi'ich was, in the year 1H9(), moved iMxiily eastward a 
 considerable distance. Tlie new lOpiscopal cliurch was (irst oitened in 
 OcU)l)or, 1H93. 
 16 
 
242 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 * 
 
 TORBROOK AND TORBROOK MINES, 
 
 Indicative of the modern growth of the eastern section of the county, 
 we have now the post-ottice names Torbrook and Torbrook Mines, to dis- 
 tinguish two important centres in the district east of the Nictaux River, 
 and formerly included in the general designation Nictaux. It was at the 
 Falls of the Nictaux River that the iron mined in the region east of it 
 was smelted, some forty or fifty years ago, by a London company, of which 
 Charles D. Archibald, son of the Hon. S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the 
 Rolls of this province, was a promoter, but aft«r being operated for ten 
 or fifteen years the mines were abandoned and the works suflPered to 
 decay. Just before the completion of the railway another company took 
 up leases, but abandoned the design of reopening and developing the 
 mines. In 1890, Robert G. Leckie, Esq., General Manager of the London- 
 derry Iron Company, undertook the work with more intelligence and 
 skill, and with better facilities than the old company, and soon discovered 
 valuable seams of hematite unknown to all former prospectors. Active 
 operations were commenced in 1891, and a branch railway built to con- 
 nect them with the Windsor &, Annapolis, now the Dominion-Atlantic 
 Railway. Down to 1894 four shafts had been sunk, and all the 
 modern improved methods and machinery appplied. In 1891 the output 
 was about twenty tons per day; in 1893, seventy tons; and in 1894 it 
 had reached 130 tons. In two or three years from the beginning of the 
 new operations twenty dwellings had sprung up in the vicinity of the 
 mines, besides the many erections necessary to carry on the complex works 
 in a modern spirit of enterprise, 
 
 MARGARETSVILLE. 
 
 Railways, while they benefit one section of a country, may sometimes 
 do so at the expense of another. Margaretsville was once the scene of a 
 considerable export trade, but the produce of the mountain and valley, 
 wood, lumber, fruit, etc., which in old times was conveyed to the ports 
 on the Bay of Fundy shore for shipment, after 1869 sought an outlet by 
 the Windsor & Annapolis Railway at Annapolis and other ports tapped 
 by that line. Hence these places, Margaretsville, Port George and Port 
 Lome, have not kept pace with the villages in the valley and the towns at 
 the termini of the railway. A branch rail. .1 connecting at Middleton 
 would soon restore to Margaretsville its old-time prosperity. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 THE TOWNSHIP OF CLEMENTS. 
 
 Grant of tho township — Villages — NameR and notices of grantees and settlers — 
 Capitation tax list of 1791 — New families — The lierring fishery — Allain'a River 
 bridge — Bear River, past and present — Notes by the Editor on the place 
 names. 
 
 THIS township was created in 1784, by a grant to George Sutherland 
 and two hundred and forty others, mostly German Loyalists, or to 
 speak more correctly, German troops, who had been in the service of the 
 Crown against the revolted colonies, and who came to Nova Scotia 
 after the Peace of 1783. It is bounded on the north by the Annapolis 
 Basin, and River ; on the east by the township of Annapolis, and 
 other lands of the county ; on the south by other lands of the county ; 
 and on the west b;^ the township of Digby — or what was the township 
 of Digby until the county of that name was erected, after which the 
 new township of Hillsburgh formed its western boundary. It is nearly 
 in the form of a square, and contains much fine land, though it is 
 generally believed to be inferior in its agricultural capabilities to some 
 of its sister townships. Bear River, or more properly Imbert's River, 
 now its western boundary for some distance, is a fine stream forming 
 the outlet to the sea of a system of beautiful lakes in the interior portion 
 of this section of the Province, and whose shores have, of late years, 
 resounded with the lumberman's axe, and whose waters have been utilized 
 to float the timber there procured to the many mills, nearer to its mouth, 
 which are employed in turning them into boards, deals and scantlings for 
 the markets of Europe, Brazil and the Weat India Islands. 
 
 There are two settlements in the western part of this division of the 
 county, called respectively the " Waldeck " and " Hessian " Lines,* whicli 
 were originally begun by the disbanded Waldeckers and Hessians, who 
 sought refuge here at the close of that revolutionary struggle which their 
 best efforts had failed to bring to a successful conclusion, an issue then 
 so ardently desired by Great Britain. These settlements are formed on 
 
 * The Hessian Line settlement is now called Clementsvale. — [Ed.] 
 
244 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 lines parallel to each other and two miles apart, their direction being 
 nearly east and west, and are still, in part, cultivated by their descendants, 
 who, at this day, are scarcelj' distinguishable from the other inhabitants 
 by any peculiaritj* of language or custom, a fact that may be accounted 
 for by another, namely, that the English tongue only has been taught in 
 the schools theie, while intermairiages with the settlers of British origin 
 have been constant and common. In the list of original grantees' names 
 which is given in this chapter, the reader will observe that a considerable 
 portion of them are English, Irish, or Scotch, .so that, from the beginning, 
 the elements of such a fusion existed and began to operate, and the results 
 referred to have been gradually though certainly produced. 
 
 Clements is admirabl}- watered. Its chief stream, next to that of 
 Bear River, which, as I have before said, forms its western boundary, 
 is Moose Kiver, wiiich divides it from north to south into two not very 
 unequal parts, and it contains two ver}' picturesque villages — Clements- 
 port and Bridgepoit, the latter being separated by Bear River from its 
 charming sister village of Hillsburgh, in the County of Digby. The village 
 possesses ship-yard.s, several shops, and Episcopal and Wesleyan churches, 
 and a noble school-house, and is surrounded Ijy a fine agricultural district. 
 It is situated about four miles from the basin, at the head of the tide 
 flow, and vessels of considerable size can come to and depart from its 
 wharves. Agricultural produce is shipped thence to St. John, N.B. ; 
 cordwood to the United States, and lumber to the West Indies and 
 Brazil. 
 
 Clementsport, about eight miles distant to the north and eastward, is 
 built at the head of the tide waters of Moose River, and is veiy prettily 
 situated in a sort of ravine through which the river, after passing under 
 the arch of a fine stone bridge, finds its way to the Annapolis River, 
 which it enters through a large tidal mouth, of sufficient depth to admit 
 the passage of large-sized vessels, many of which have been from time to 
 time constructed in its ship-yards. The village nestles itself lovingly at 
 the feet of the surrounding picturesque hills, but is suthciently elevated 
 above the level of the river to afford fine views to the northward and 
 eastward. It is built on both sides of the stream and has a neat Episcopal 
 church in its eastern division, near which stands the school-house — a fine 
 structure, being one of the most substantial and commodious in the 
 county. 
 
 It was in this village, over seventy years ago, that a company was 
 formed under the auspices of two American gentlemen, for the working 
 of the valuable iron mines in its neighbourhood. Smelting furnaces were 
 constructed, and coalsheds and other buildings necessary to their object 
 erected. The beds of iron ore which they worked are situated to the 
 southward of the village, and at a distance of about three miles from it. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 245 
 
 In a file of the Acadian Rerordor for 182"), it was stated that the shares 
 of the " Annapolis Mining Company " were selling at a considerable 
 premium, and that its success was therefore well assured. Messrs. Alger 
 and Jackson,* the gentlemen above alluded to, were possessed of much 
 scientific knowledge, and were experienced and practical mineralogists. 
 They made a very thorough examination of the mineral deposits of Digby 
 Neck, and the north mountain range eastward to Blomidon. 
 
 From some unexplained cause the furnaces were allowed to cool with 
 their metallic contents in them, and they were in consecjuence abandoned 
 and doomed to remain idle and unproductive for more than a quarter of 
 a century. Much money was at that time expended upon these works, 
 and a heavy loss must have been sustained by the community as well as 
 by the shareholders and mortgagees. It may as well be stated here as 
 elsewhere, that in 1857 or 1858, these works were reopened and worked 
 under the ownership and control of a Bangor, Me., asscjciation, with con- 
 siderable success until 1862, when the increasing scarcity of gold and 
 advanced values (owing to the breaking out of the American rebellion) put 
 a stop to them again. 
 
 Among the industries of this township must be reckoned the herring 
 fisheries which have been, and still are, of considei'al)le value. 
 
 Weirs are annually put up on the sand-bars and Hats that exist along 
 its coast, and the cost of outlay and construction is very frequently 
 rewarded by valuable catches of that most delicate of the herring family 
 — "the Digby chicken." The fattest of these are generally cured in 
 salt, and the inferior fjualities are smoked and sent to market in boxes, 
 containing about one hundred of theni in number to each box, and are 
 readily sold in the markets of the Dominion, and in those of other 
 countries. This fishery is not confined to tiie shores of this township 
 alone, but extends to those of Granville, Hillsburgh and Digby, and has 
 been the subject of much contention among the inhabitants from an early 
 period aftef their first settlement. An account of these disputes and of 
 the confiicting policies of the government in regard to these fisheries, 
 forms a curious and not uninteresting chapter in the history of the county, 
 and the rader will find references made to them in that portion of this 
 work rela.ing to Granville. 
 
 I will here introduce to the reader an authentic list of the names of 
 men to whom the first grant of this township was made, in 1 784. The 
 asterisk before the name indicates those only whose descendants are 
 known to live within the boundaries of the two counties at the present 
 day. The list has been carefully copied from a draft of the grant still 
 preserved in our archives, and for convenience of reference has been 
 arranged in alphabetical order : 
 
 * Dr. Jackson, mentioned on page 11, note. 
 
246 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 *Ayniai', James. 
 Aduin.-i, IMiillip. 
 Austen, Hteplien. 
 AditniH, Chailex. 
 AUaii', Peter Alexander. 
 Anderson, .Junathan. 
 
 Ball, Benjamin. 
 
 Baker, Samuel. 
 
 Burns, John. 
 
 Bean, John. 
 
 Brown, James. 
 
 Brown, Charles. 
 
 Baizelay, William. 
 
 Baizelay, Abraham. 
 •Bonnett, Isaiic. 
 
 Bonnett, David. 
 
 Balm, Christopher. 
 
 Bischopp, George. 
 
 Brandon, Conrad. 
 
 Breher, Jacob. 
 
 Bruen, Jacob. 
 
 Brown, Andrew. 
 *Bogart, Thunis. 
 
 Balmer, Benedict. 
 
 Botsford, Amos. 
 *Bailey, Rev. Jacob. 
 
 Boehnie, Frederic. 
 
 Bockling, Phillip. 
 
 Bertner, Phillip. 
 *Benson, Christopher. 
 *Benson, Christopher, jun. 
 
 Brunsmaid, Samuel. 
 *Bogart, Cornelius. 
 
 Boehner, Henry. 
 
 Bawdon, Thomas. 
 
 Bishop, John. 
 *Boehler, Jacob. 
 
 Buckler, Andrew. 
 
 Butler, William. 
 
 Bawt, John Adam. 
 
 Brevoort, Klias. 
 
 Callaghan, Widow. 
 *Cornwell, George, Esq. 
 Cahern, Henry. 
 Caldwell, James. 
 Coughtory, John. 
 Chandler, Joshua. 
 Carl, Phel>e. 
 Coifman, Michael. 
 
 ComiiKindingo, Ludovic. 
 Calner, John. 
 Clark, Scott L. 
 Cluise, John. 
 Campbell, Malcom, 
 Cagne}-, John. 
 Clark," Mrs. 
 Cox, Thomas. 
 
 Dobbs, John. 
 *Davoue, Frederic. 
 
 De Coudre, Louis. 
 
 DemoUiter, Captain 
 
 [Christian. 
 
 Duryea, .Samuel. 
 
 Duryea, John 
 
 Dewry, Joseph, 
 
 Damont, Mary. 
 *Ditmars, Capt. Douwe. 
 
 Davenport, Thomas. 
 
 Dalhen, John. 
 
 Elbridge, .Tames. 
 Eager, Widow. 
 Excellius, Ignatius. 
 *Everett, Jacob. 
 Ensenburg, Frederic. 
 Eberhard, Christian. 
 Engstroppe, Peter. 
 Euler, Conrad. 
 Etzner, Nicholas. 
 
 Flack, John. 
 *Fowler, Jonathan. 
 Fraser, Francis. 
 Florentine, Abram. 
 Florentine, Thomas. 
 
 Giesler, Joseph. 
 Gunzel, Henrick. 
 Goety, Christian. 
 Gunn, George. 
 Grootres, Christian. 
 Greiser, August. 
 Gallagher, Andrew. 
 Garnet, Peter. 
 Gorbe, John. 
 
 Hardenbrook, John. 
 Hardenbrook, Nicholas A. 
 Holmes, Cornelius. 
 
 Heaton, Peter. 
 
 Hutciiins, James. 
 *Harris, Myndert. 
 
 HHrdeid)rook, Catherine. 
 
 Hupender, Piiillip. 
 
 Hertriek, John Conrad.' 
 
 Hornefler, An<h'eas. 
 
 Herno, Fred. Christian. 
 
 Hartman, Anton. 
 
 Hamm, I'eter. 
 
 Hennay, Thomas. 
 *Hick8, Charles. 
 
 Hammill, Daniel. 
 * Hicks, John. 
 
 Hessenbrook, Andrew. 
 
 Husted, Jonathan. 
 
 Hardenbrook, Capt. Abel, 
 
 Holland, William. 
 
 Hart, Hendrick. 
 
 Harrison, Thomas. 
 •Holdsworth, James A. 
 
 *James, Benjamin, Esq. 
 Jargar, John. 
 Johnston, Adam. 
 Jacob, John. 
 
 Klapper, Jacol). 
 Krair, George. 
 Knischild. 
 •Kervin, Terence. 
 Kohn, John. 
 Klingsocker, Julius. 
 Klingsocker, Christian. 
 Kerm, Christian. 
 Kerm, Nicolaus. 
 
 Livesay, Ebenezer. 
 
 Lawson, John. 
 
 Lounds, James. 
 
 Lounds, Matthew. 
 
 Lounds, Thomas. 
 
 Lounds, James, jun. 
 *Lent, Abraham. 
 *Long, Alexander. 
 
 Lawrence John. 
 
 McNamara, John. 
 •Miller, Peter. 
 McFarrier, James. 
 Montgomery, Joseph. 
 
HISTORY OF ANXAPOLIS. 
 
 247 
 
 •Miirrison, John. 
 
 Rapiiljo, J. 
 
 Smith, James. 
 
 Musmibro, Froderic. 
 
 Ryarson, Matthew. 
 
 
 Mcdregor, Alexaniler. 
 
 Rubue, John. 
 
 •Totten, Joseph. 
 
 'Morehouse, John. 
 
 •Ryarson, Francis, jun. 
 
 •Totten, Peter. 
 
 
 Rusuall, James. 
 
 Turner, John. 
 
 Nugent, Michuel. 
 
 •Ryarson, John F. 
 
 •Troniper, Hendrick. 
 
 
 •Ryarson, (Jeorge. 
 
 •Totten, Joseph, jun. 
 
 Offery, William. 
 
 •Ryarson, Francis. 
 
 Tippett, (iilbert. 
 
 Oruhard, George. 
 
 
 Tusher, George. 
 
 Owing, Francis. 
 
 Schlaebuum, Frantz. 
 
 Taylor, Elijah. 
 
 Oestnian, Jacob. 
 
 Schade, Joliannus. 
 
 Taylor, Nicholas. 
 
 
 Smith, John. 
 
 Tarrant, William. 
 
 •Perrot, James. 
 
 Stewart, John. 
 
 Turner, Florian. 
 
 •Potter, Jo8ei)h. 
 
 Shaver, Ditmars. 
 
 
 
 Smith, Peter. 
 
 Van Bueren, Kaman. 
 
 Perreau, Peter D. 
 
 •Street, Ebenezer. 
 
 Verilum, Anthony V. 
 
 Peak, Samuel. 
 
 •Street, Samuel. 
 
 Van Kover, Lawrence. 
 
 Porteus, John. 
 
 Seidlar, Andrew. 
 
 Van Kover, Lawrence, jun, 
 
 Poije, Thomas. 
 
 Schopp, George. 
 
 •Van Bueren, James. 
 
 •Picket, Caspar. 
 
 Schultze, Gilbert. 
 
 Van Bueren, James. 
 
 •Polhemus, John. 
 
 Smith, Joseph. 
 
 
 Parr, John. 
 
 Sproach, Samuel. 
 
 Weidman, Valentine John, 
 
 •Purdy, Gilbert. 
 
 Sproal, William. 
 
 Wilmot, .James. 
 
 •Purdy, Josiah. 
 
 Stocking, Frederic. 
 
 Wendell, Wilhelm. 
 
 * Purdy, Anthony. 
 
 Smith, James. 
 
 Wright, D. 
 
 
 Sutherland, George. 
 
 Wyman, Christopher. 
 
 *Quereau, Joshua. 
 
 Sutherland, O'SuUivan. 
 
 Wessenborn, John. 
 
 
 Schlf.'nbeck, Michael. 
 
 Wagner, Nicholas, 
 
 Ruen, Icha. 
 
 Scok, Frederic. 
 
 Willing, Charles. 
 
 Ross, Alexander. 
 
 Strickland, Frederic. 
 
 Watt, Thomas. 
 
 Rollo, Captain. 
 
 Smith, Joshua. 
 
 
 ♦Robblee, Thomas. 
 
 Sec, John. 
 
 Zenava, Edmund. 
 
 Of the persons whose names have been asterisked, I am able to 
 furnish the following particulars : The de.scendants of Aymar live in the 
 County of Digby, and those of the Bonnetts (who came from New 
 Rochelle, N. Y., and were of Huguenot origin), in Annapolis ; one of 
 them being the late High Sheriff of the county, and another a leading 
 merchant and shipowner of Bridgetown. These gentlemen were brothers, 
 and sons of the late David Bonnett. The former married a daughter of 
 the late William Gilbert Bailey, barrister-at-law, and granddaughter of 
 the late Rev. Jacob Bailey ; the latter espoused a daughter of the late 
 Joshua de Saint Croix, for many years the owner of the Mount Pleasant 
 (now Ruffee) farm, near Bridgetown, and has issue. The Sheriff had no 
 issue. The Bogarts, whose progenitors were from New York, have long 
 been domiciled in western Granville and Bridgeport, and the descendants 
 of Benson (who was a captain in the Rangers, and from the old colony 
 of New York) are scattered, and not now very numerous. The grand- 
 
248 Hisrouy of annapolis. 
 
 children of the bluff old (ieriimii, Jacob Roehler. are to he found in this, 
 their native township ; while those of the American Ijoyalist, Cornwell, 
 are to be gathered from both counties. One of his grandsons was long 
 settled in the district of Clarence West, in the township of Granville ; 
 others are to be found in various parts of Digby County. 
 
 The children and grandchildren of Frederic Davoue (who was a West 
 Chester Lo^-alist, and lived at New Rochelle, where he hiul a farm of 
 three hundred acres of land, which was confiscated by the Htate of New 
 York, and given to Tom Paine, the infidel) are to be sought for both 
 within and without the limits of the county. Mr. Davoue was a lead- 
 ing merchant in the town of Annapolis for many years. One of his 
 daughters waS the wife of Captain .John Robertson, lately deceased at a 
 very advanced age, and many years ago a member of the House of 
 Assembly, and another was the mother of Doctor Forties, first 
 representative of Queens County in the House of Commons of Canada. 
 The Ditmarses, of Clements, are the offspring of Captain Douwe 
 Ditmars, before the Revolution, of Long Island, N.Y., and who was an 
 active ensign in the militia of that island during the struggle. He came 
 to this province in 1783 ; became a grantee in Clements in 1781, and was 
 one of the pioneers in the settlement of that township. His descendants 
 are (juite numerous, and have always maintained a highly respectable 
 position in the community in which they lived. The Everetts,* found in 
 Digby County, are, I have been informed, the offspring of Jacob Everett. 
 The descendants of Jonathan Fowler, of West Chester, N.Y., and who 
 settled in the town of Digby in 1783, reside chiefiy in Annapolis County, 
 his two sons, Gilljert and Alexander, having settled there early in the 
 century. Their father was a leading shipowner and merchant of the 
 town of Digby. Weston Fowler, Esq., of Bridgetown, is a grandson. 
 Kervins' descendants still live in Digby County, and those of Long in 
 Clements and Granville. The Morehouse t family has, while the 
 generations come and go, always maintained an honourable position in 
 the localities in which its members have resided. Its headquarters have 
 long been on Digby Neck, but branches of it have been for many years 
 settled in the upper part of the township of Annapolis, at South 
 Williamston, and in the township of Hillsburgh. The late William 
 Morehouse, who lived at the former place, was one of the deputy Crown 
 land surveyors for the county for many years. He was employed by 
 the Government to survey and lay out the settlement of Maitland. 
 
 * Possibly 1 am mistaken in tlie C'hi-istian luinic of Mr. Evei'ett. Sabine says 
 that James Everett settled at Digby in 178.S, ami dieil there in 1799, leaving 
 descendants. (The Everetts came from Long Island, New York. — Ed.) 
 
 t Mr. Morehouse was from Connecticut. He was one of the oldest magistrates 
 in the colony at the time of his deatli which occurred in 1839. He had been a 
 member of the Reading Association. 
 
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 149 
 
 The nieni})ers of the Hillshurgh branch have Ijeen engaged in ship- 
 building and luuiliering pui'Huits. John MorriHon, who waH one of the 
 seven deputies of Surveyor-Ueneral CliailtH Morris, in 1783, was, I 
 believe, of pre-ioyalist origin, having i)een domiciled in Digby before the 
 date named, and pro'ixibly came there with the McDormands some years 
 before. (Jne of his descendants, T believe, resides at Westport, and no 
 doubt there are many others in that county. James Perrott was a 
 Loyalist of some cons'deration, but I have not been able to ascertain 
 what position he occupied before coming to this Province, He was 
 genr rally called "Captain" Perrott, and Perrott settlement was named in 
 his hcnour. It is not proiiable that he left any children, certainly no male 
 children, as the name doos not occur in any documents in the archives 
 subsequent tf> his decease. Joseph Potter was the progenitor of a large 
 family, the members of which are to be found dwelling in this township ; 
 in fact, the name is one of the most common there. The Potters have 
 been generally well esteemed, and have contributed largely to the 
 prosperity of Clements, having been employed in ship-building, farmings 
 milling, lumbering, and other industries, and they have ever maintained 
 a character for thrift, honesty, and moral worthiness et^ual to any other 
 family in tlie county, 
 
 John Polheraus left no male issue, or more correctly speaking, I should 
 perhaps say that no person in Clements, or the county, now bears that 
 name, but his daughter or daughters have left descendants, male and 
 female. The Potters are, I believe, connected (by marriage) with the 
 family of Polhemus. Joshua Quereau was a New York Loyalist, and 
 probably of Huguenot origin. He located himself in western Granville, 
 where his grandchildren now reside, and have continued to do so for 
 three-quarters of a century and more. Thomas Robblee's descendants 
 live also in Granville, and own the lands surrounding and including the 
 okl Scotch fort, near Goat Island. 
 
 The Ryersons deserve a somewhat extended notice. Francis llyerson, 
 the founder of the Nova Scotia family by that name, was a brother or an 
 uncle to the father of the well-known and able Rev. Egerton Ryerson, of 
 educational fame in Ontario ; and settled in Clements soon after the 
 revolution, against which he seems to have taken a decided, though not 
 very distinguished part. He was married and had children before 1783, 
 one of whom, Francis, petitioned the Legislature in aid of a plaister 
 (gypsum) mill which he states he had erected " at an expense of £600," 
 and was "also adapted to the grinding of hemlock and other bark," this 
 being the first work of the kind erected in the Province. 
 
 This mill was built in 1802, at Clements, near, perhaps on the property 
 now or recently owned by Mr. George Ryerson. The enterprise was, 
 however, afterward abandoned from some cause of which I have not been 
 
250 HISTORY OF ANNAPoUS. 
 
 itiforined. Hf also firotcd tho fiiNt ciinlinj^ miiohinp, or mill, in tliH 
 county, Itiiiit for him l)y •lolni I^in^mirc, an immiK>')int t'lom Cumber- 
 land, Enjj;lan(l. Sfveral tin*- farms are ownt'd by mt-mlwrs of tin- family 
 in this township ; but a branch of the old stock some years ago removed 
 to Yarmouth and en^a;<t'd in mercantile, sliip-buildin)^ and kindred 
 branches of industry, in which thoy gained an almost wurld-witie 
 reputation. One of the members of this <livision of the family- John K. 
 Ryerscm, Es(|. — long represented the County of Yarmouth in the Local 
 Assembly, and was remarkable for his honesty of purpose and plain 
 speech in the discharge of the duties devolving upon him as a member of 
 that iMxly. Mr. Ryerson was the head t)f the large shipping house of 
 Ryerson, Moses it Company, and took a leading part in all enterprises 
 intended to promote the welfare of his adopted town. Stephen Ryerson, 
 is said to have been the prototype of tiie character of Stephen Richard.son, 
 humourist, hunter and trapper, so finely delineated in one of Haliburton's* 
 best works. This member of the family was a farmer of Clements, and 
 was remarkable for his general shrewdness of character and keen relish 
 for the ludicrous; he was withal a splendid hater of shams and falsehood. 
 A volume would l)e required to record all the anecdotes that have lieen, 
 and are yet, current concerning him. 
 
 El)enezer and Samuel Street t difl not become settlers in the new 
 township, though they continued to live in Digby for some years, and 
 prosecuted ship-building at that place. They afterward removed to the 
 parish of Burton, in Sunbury County, N.B., where their descendants, if 
 any, are still to be found. 
 
 The Tottens were a New York family, and came to Annapolis in 1 783, 
 where they settled and engaged in mercantile occupations. A daughter 
 of one of them — Peter, I believe — married the late William Winniett, 
 Esq., sheriff of the county, and thus became the mother of Sir William 
 Robert Wolseley Winniett, who died in Cape Coast Castle, in Africa, 
 w'lile in the discharge of gubernatorial duties there, in 1858. They 
 
 * Haliburton's "Old .luilge in a Colony," I think. 
 
 + If the author is correct in saying that the Streets finally removed to Burton, 
 Sanniel Street must have been tSamucl Denay -Street, who was horn in Surrey, 
 England, in 1752, educated for the law, came to America, and served most actively 
 and with great distinction during the revolution, and after its close was the first 
 attorney who ever practised in New Brunswick, and died at a country seat at Burton, 
 in 1830. All of his sons were distinguished as public men in that province, among 
 them, George F. , )>eing an able Judge of the Supreme Court ; John Ambrose, 
 Attorney-General and leader of the Government ; William Henry, Mayor of St. 
 John, M.P.P., etc. Kljenezer may have been a brother of Samuel Denny, and, 
 perhaps, grandfather of the late Thomas Clark Street, first member for the Dominion 
 Parliament for the County of Welland, Ont., who was son of Samuel Street, of 
 Niagara, and related to the Street family of New Brunswick, a very prominent and 
 leading man in the section of Cana<la in which ho lived, Samuel Etenny Street had 
 also a brother, Ambrose Sherman Street, Surgeon in the Royal Fencibles, who was 
 drowned at Burton in 1793, and may have been the ancestor of the Upper Canatia 
 branch. (See p. 170, note. ) 
 
iriSTOUV OK AWAPOLIH. 251 
 
 were a liiylily rosppctpd family, hut since the dciitli of the Iftte Miss 
 TottJMi* tin- iwuiH' litis hcooiin' <'xtin('t. 
 
 Till' Van Huei-fiis wt'ie of l)utcii ori;^in, and came to Annapolis in 
 ITM.'J. The lati' Dr. Van Huoivn was a (lusct-ntlant of James Van Hucien. 
 I holieve that this name is now very rarely to be met with in the county. 
 In the archives of the Province is a volume containing the letters of the 
 Hurveyor-(Jeneral, Charles Morris, to his deputies in the Province, and 
 wliieii, so far as it relates to the affairs of the county, is full of mutter of 
 great interest. These letters refer to the surveys being nmde from 
 17H4-1788, for the new Loyalist settlers. On several occasions, he 
 makes reference to Clements surveys in his letters to Thomas Millidge, 
 Esq., one of his deputies, then residing in Digby. 
 
 In reference to the Thorne family, lie says to him, under date, March 
 3rd, 1787: "1 am also to remind you of the letter I wrote tiie Ist of 
 March, 1786, to lay out to Stephen Thorne and others, 2,200 acres of 
 land, in lieu of the reserved lands they had pitched upon in Clements." 
 In the same year he tells Sneden and Polhemus (grantees in Clements,) 
 that he will do all in his power to forward their grants, but that they 
 cannot be expected to be relieved from the payment of the fees of Went- 
 worth, who as surveyor of woods and forests, on behalf of the Crown, was 
 entitled to a fee, without the payment of which, a grant could not pass, — 
 and that it was enough that he should remit his own fees ; a course which 
 he had generally followed. 
 
 The reader has now before him the names of the original grantees, and 
 such notice of them as the author has been enabled to gather concerning 
 them, but in order to make the history of this township more thoroughly 
 understood, I will now present a list of the names of the tax-paying 
 residents, under the Capitation Tax Act, as returned to the authorities, 
 in 1791, by the assessors under that Act. These assessors were Messieurs 
 Edward Jones, John Ditmars, and Henry Harris. The names have been 
 carefully copied, and arranged alphabetically for convenience of reference: 
 
 Artzman, Jacol). Biehler, Jacob. Criss, Henry. 
 
 Artzinan, J.ioob, sen, Booley, John. Cato — a negro. 
 
 Black, Isaac. 
 
 Brundize, Marcus. !}..„;„ w„,.,.,. ^. ^ 
 
 Baird Adam ' ^ Ditmars, Douwe. 
 
 Baird, Adam. Burroughs, Jeffrey. Dit,„^rs, John. 
 
 S::: jZL ^^""™^^' ^^'"^*'"''- ^elancy [Colonel]. 
 
 Boyce, Peter. Carey, Dennis. T>iok-B. negro. 
 
 Boyce, Jacob. Colla, Jacob. 
 
 Biehler, Nicholas. Clanket, Caspar. Fleet, William. 
 
 Browne, Danl. Isaac, Esq. Chrystler, Augustus. Fisher, — . 
 
 • At her death she bequeathed a house and several lots of land to the Church 
 England, at Digby — the property since known as the "Totten Rectorj'." — [Ed.] 
 
2:.2 
 
 HlsroKY OK AXNAI'uMs. 
 
 (MH't'jral, iTiihtl, 
 <inilicii, tliiliii. 
 
 IIn(i[M»r. \\'illinin. 
 Mini In, tidliri. 
 Huiiix, Hi'in V. 
 Mfili'i'ic'k, Cuiiriul. 
 Iliii'tiiian, (iiittliel), 
 Hi'iinIiiiw, Suiniii'l. 
 }IcnNliiiw, Williiini, 
 H(Mifninn. Aiitlicuiy, 
 Hiimiii, I'ctfi'. 
 Hunt, Kenjiiiiiiii. 
 
 .lorifs, Siiniiu'l. 
 
 .litlH'M, N'irlioliis. 
 
 Joru'H, Itcnjiiniiii. 
 iliineH, Kilwiit'il. 
 Joiiea, William. 
 JiU'ol) — a iii'gro. 
 
 Lent, Jnnii's. 
 Long, Jttrol). 
 
 .Morgan, (ieorge. 
 
 Miint'i'. ■Iciiiiilliiiii. 
 Mull j-iiin, iliiiin. 
 Mi'Doi inuml, ('urniiic 
 Mi'MciiiiiHiiil, 'rhoniiiH. 
 Mill.i, r.'tff. 
 
 ()|ip I Apt '.'I, (ifl)lgO. 
 
 Uiirll. Diinit'l. 
 
 I'ii'kii|), .SaniiiL'l. 
 I'linly, Suniuul, 
 I'linlv, AiiIIkiiiv. 
 
 I'ottlT, JuHI'|lll. 
 
 I'ottt'r, Urael. 
 I'unlv, Klijah. 
 I'lillu'iniiN. .Iiiiin. 
 I'dllit'lniiH, N'aiidyki'. 
 l't(lh('iiiii«, .loiin. juii. 
 Fine, |)aiiii'l. 
 I'tirtly, (ia)ii'it'l, 
 I'iukel, .laspei'. 
 
 Ryarsnn, Kranris. 
 KaiiiMon, ilaciil). 
 KaniHoii, John. 
 
 KaniNim, ilohn, jtin, 
 Kiiilijy, .limvpli. 
 Riillfi, L'a|it. Ri)ln>rt, 
 Himi'iK rant/, John. 
 
 SpiiiT. Slilppt-y. 
 •Shiiilali, Cliai'leM. 
 Siii'duei, Stcpiit'ii. 
 Siilix, |)aliiel. 
 HiiIIh, Joiin. 
 Smith, Joauph. 
 Sai'h, .foMfpli. 
 
 Winnittt, William. 
 Wagner, Kiciianl. 
 Win.liil, William. 
 Waiii'ii, Daniel. 
 Wyland, Henry. 
 Wright, JoHeph. 
 Wriglit, .loHepii, jun, 
 Wi'ightiiian, ,)olin. 
 WillianiH, C'a'sar. 
 Wethei'M, Stepiien. 
 Williama, Thomas. 
 WillianiB, Martin. 
 
 The return from which the foregoing li.st of names has been copied 
 was made for the year 1791, being seven years after the grant of the 
 townshi}) liad pas.sed. By these lists it is made certain that the following 
 families had become fresh settlers in Clements in that space of time, 
 namely : Artzman, Brundize, Buyce, liooley, Black, Burioughs, Bloomer, 
 Carey, CoUa, Clankett. Chi-ystler, Criss, Fleet, Fislior, Gorricol, Grueben, 
 Jones, Hooper, Hederick, Henshaw, Hr)ofman, Hunt, Milner, McDor- 
 mand, Opp (or Apt), Odell, Pickup, Pine, Ramson, Roddy, Rosencrantz, 
 Spurr, .Shudah, Sneden, 8ulis, Sach, Warren, Wyland, Wrightman, 
 Williams, Wethers, making in all fifty-one male persons abfjve twenty 
 years of. age. Of these persons, the Boyces have left descendants who yet 
 live in the county, and the Crisses are yet domiciled in the township. 
 The Fleets are still extant, as are also the Gorricals ; and the Joneses, of 
 whom there were five who had attained their majority in 1791, have 
 increased and multiplied, and been dispersed far and wide, always 
 maintaining a reputation for general worth and fair ability. William 
 Jones, whose name appears in the list, was one of the first magistrates 
 appointed in this section of the country, and was specially recommended 
 for appointment by the custos rotnloruvi of the county. Colonel Millidge, 
 in the early part of the century. The issue of the Henshaws in the male 
 line are still respectable inhabitants. The Hoofmans also left descend- 
 
MISTOKV tty AN'NAPOLIH. 253 
 
 iitits, liiit tlicy ('liii-t!y ncciipy IhikIs in Itlonriiiii^fton, hikI ho fiii' iis I liiivn 
 hocii iihit* to iiHctM'tiiiii liHVt' no r'i'|ir)-H('ntiitiM> ot' tin- Miun)> now in tlii.s 
 towrmhip. TIm> .Milnt>rs havo fiirnis hero Htill, as do iiNo the Mchoitnandii 
 anil OppH, and a worthy fi-prfHcnfativH of tlit^ I'ii^knps rcnidcM at 
 (Jranvilio Kciry, and is niiich it'spcclt'd for liis nianlin»'ss and intc^^rity <»f 
 charact«'r. Tlic I'iiu's still find linint-s in CliMnt-nlH. Tlu' di-Hcrntlants of 
 Shippoy Hpurr are to In- found in several distiirts in the lounty, and 
 outside its limits. The Hainsons and Kliuddvs (lihoiidas ,')^ are to ho 
 found in Delon;^ settlement, l>i;;hy and elsewhere. The Snedens lived in 
 Clements in I'lM, hut shortly afteiwards fixed their headi|Uiirters in tin* 
 county town, where they enKayed in mercantile pursuits, and Ion;; held a 
 first place in the social relations then existing' there. Their descetndants 
 were and ait; numerous, hut none of them hear the family name, nor are 
 now to he found in the Province, thoui^h more than one of them have 
 become iidiahitants of the United States of America. This family, if I 
 mistake ni>t, interinarried with the Thoines and Millid^es of (Jranville. 
 The ^landchil.iren of the Sulises still i(!side at Smith's Cove, in the 
 township of Hiilsi'ur^'h, '.liili, at the time of which I am writing, was 
 included in Clements, in I'DO the inhabitants of Clements joined with 
 those of Di^by and Claie in a |>etition to the Legislature for a division of 
 the county. Messieurs Isaac |{onnell, Andrew Snodgrass, James Wilmot, 
 Jonathan Fowler and Henry Rutherford certified that this memorial was 
 signed in the handwriting of each signer. This docunienr was dated in 
 February, 1790, and I'cfers to a former petition asking for the same thing, 
 and which had been presented to the Assemlil}' in 17SG. I find the 
 fcjUowing names from Clements, which I desire to n( ^ice briefly. 
 Christian Tobias was a grantee in Digby township, and by profession a 
 medical doctor. His descendants settled in the town of Annapolis. Two 
 of these, his sons — Timothy and Dwight Tobias — were for many years 
 residents there. The former was for several years Collector of Customs 
 for the port, and died there without issue ; the latter died several years 
 ago, leaving a large family, most of the members of which still live there. 
 
 Samuel Calnek, an uncle of the writer, in 1798 went to Jamaica, 
 where he married and settled, never having visited the Province since 
 1804. He died in 1836, leaving an only child, a son, to inherit his name 
 and property in that island. Mr. Oalnek was a native of Germany, and 
 came to America with his father, Jacob Calnek, about the year 1776, and 
 to this Province with the Loyalists, in 1 783. 
 
 As I have elsewhere stated, the herring fisheries on the coasts of the 
 basin have often been the cause of many disputes among the inhabitants. 
 
 •There is an old tombstone in the graveyanl at Annapolis inscribed : " To tVr> 
 memory of Stepiien Rhodda and his wife, Theodosia." Tliese may, jierlmps, be 
 offshoots from them. 
 
2'}4i mSTOIlY OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 Tlui v.'iluo of this l»raiicli of iiidu.st ly Iiiih alwayH Wcon v(Ty coiiMichsfiiiic 
 unci for a long Ntnii^H of yoars tlio gov<;rtiiiig poworH mh'ui to liavct hiu! >-.) 
 settlod policy coacnrniiiff ilmtii ; at one time Im liuving it IxiHt to place 
 ilicm uiuU'.r tin; control of the CoiirtH of (Jenerai ScHHioMH of the Peace fttr 
 the county, aH public property, anti at another iletMiiin;^ it wiHe to ^rant 
 them in fee simple to indivitlualH. I trariHcribe a memoiial of 17i<r>, tu 
 Governor Hir John VVentworth, relating;; t(» thin fiwhery at Hmith'n Cove, 
 which was then included in the IxjundaricH of this township : 
 
 ' ' May it plfour your Exrdlf.nry : 
 
 " Wo, your iiutiiiorialiHlH, iiiliiiliititig txiar llio iiioiitli of liuiir Rivor, in llio towiiHliip 
 of (jUtiiioiitH, liu){ l<!iiv(i to pi'i'Minl That tlu; liiiiil which wo own and on which wo livo 
 IH Hitiiatoil ii|>ori ii covo, very UHoful foi' thv Moiling KiHhory, Ut tho groal lionotlt of 
 oiirHi^lvoH mill tho wholo noighl)oiirlioo<l. ThiK tiHhory wo and othoiH havo hlMiorto 
 ilHod frooly, poaoofiilly and iininoloHtod, l)Ut of lalo havo boon infoniiud that Uaniol 
 Odcll liaH applied, or intondH to ap|)ly to your Kxoollonoy, for a grant and ox<!hiHivu 
 privih^go of Haid covo anil itH liHhury, which grant, if ohtaiiiod, will groatly inuuni- 
 iiiodo and aliiiimt ruin your ineniorialiHtH and thoir faiiiilii;H. 
 
 "Thoroforo, wo humbly j)rfty your Kxcolloncy to ho ploaHod to Hiiii|iund and 
 poHtpono mich Orant till wo Hhall havo tiiiio and o|i|iort unity to lay iKjforo your 
 Kxcolloncy a plan of Haid covo and our laridH contiguouH, and nioro fully tooxplnin 
 tho irijiiry which wo a|ipi'ohond wo hIioiiIiI Hud'or hy hucIi grant, or Hutl'or uh to ooiiio 
 in ivH pai'tnoi'H in tho grant aforesaid, or givo uh hucIi otiior roinody aH your 
 Kxcolloncy, in your WiHilom and (ioodnoHH, hIiuII hoo tit. And your tiioinorialiHtH as 
 in duty hound, oto., oto. 
 
 "(•Signed), Daniki, Siii.ih. 
 
 Jkhk.m(ah Smith. 
 John Stii.is. 
 "ClcmontH, July 23ril, I7(m.' 
 
 The flats above referred to hav(f lony since been granted in fee to the 
 parties owning the ailjoining uplands, and have ceased to be u cause of 
 dispuUi, except in a healthy rivalry as to who among the proprietors shall 
 yearly secure tho greatcist catch, and obtain the greatest price for their 
 cured fish. 
 
 In the year 1800, Douwe Ditmurs, Escp, was tho contractor for the 
 bridge over the Allain River, near Annapolis, and in 1801, he, with John 
 Rice and Francis Ryerson, was a commissioner of rofwls for the district 
 ext<mding from Annapolis to IJear River. In 1809, Mr. Ditmars and 
 Benjamin Potter w«!re commissioners of roads for Clemtrnts, and in 1812 
 the former was cinnmissioned to construct a new bridge over Mofjse River; 
 in fact, he appears to have been for » quarter of a century the bridge 
 builder par excellence in Clements. 
 
 I subjoin a list of the names of those persons in this township who 
 were stimulated to compote for tho bounty offered for newly-cleared land 
 in 1805 : 
 
IIISTOIIV <»H' ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 255 
 
 'Himkirk, ('liiiilcH .'{,5 Acix-h. 
 
 •Ut^rlH\ix, I'liilip :v2r, ., 
 
 'Italcoiii, Abel li II 
 
 •lliiriill, John 3.5 
 
 "Hiilcoiii, Jiiliri ft.'J6 II 
 
 Boycn, .Jlirtd) U II 
 
 Iticlilrr, iliKMili )(.fi II 
 
 *ll('i ry, 'riioriiiiH 5.75 n 
 
 < 'iiiii|iliii, .liiini'H 2.75 II 
 
 •Clark, Williimi 2.75 „ 
 
 *(/'hii1i!, MittniKtl 
 
 *('liiiti% Daiiifl 5.V5 I, 
 
 "C'lintf, 'I'liotiiiiH 7.5 II 
 
 "CaHowort li, CliiirlcH 5 „ 
 
 "Dunn, Kdward 2.5 n 
 
 Kli'ct,, William U 
 
 HarriH, John 2.75 n 
 
 ((cnHhaw, Saniiicl 2.5 Ai.tch, 
 
 Hati'JH, Koniy 7.i!5 n 
 
 *Kni(li;n,'(<(!or(<o 4 u 
 
 F^onj?, .lacol) 5.75 n 
 
 •.Vlrrrilt, John .3.25 h 
 
 Morgan, Kilwanl '^ ii 
 
 0|)|>, (icorgo 2 II 
 
 I'ur.ly, Klijah ,. 2.25 .i 
 
 *Hiigglt'H, llicharil 7.5 n 
 
 •Kicr, SjhiH 5 II 
 
 S|iiiii', .VlirliiU!) 2 II 
 
 S|mir, William 2 n 
 
 *'l'rrm|ici-, lli-Fuy 2.5 h 
 
 * Vrooin, John 4.5 n 
 
 "VVicr, JoHcph 4 h 
 
 Wright, JanicH 2.5 n 
 
 VVaiiier, l)uni(;l 4.75 n 
 
 From tluH return we are ahle to gatlior several im[jortantt'acfcH. Of the 
 thirty-five fainili(!S whone heads eoiii|i(>te(l for tli«! latul liourity, nineteen, 
 or more than one-half, hecame scittiers in tlie township ljetw<!en th*; years 
 17!M and 1805. Tliese have heen marked with an asterisk, and an 
 analysis of them will show that a lar>.;e majority of them came from the 
 f»l<ler sister townships. 'I'lie Chutes, (Shirks, I'aleoms, and iMerritts came 
 from Ciranvilit! ; the iJunns, I'ertauxs and Hie(!s from Annapolis; and the 
 Ku),'f^leses and ISuskirks fi(»m VVilmot ; while Merry, Knid'en, Cas»;worth 
 and Trenifx'it were prohaMy from Oif^hy. These new-comers obtained 
 over fiO [K^r cent, of the money j^iven as hountj', fairly provin>^ that this 
 infusion of new hlood into the industrial veins uf Clements had not 
 failed to invigorate it with added strength arul activity. 
 
 The Buskirks, or as they should more properly be called, the Van 
 Buskirks, are of Dutch extractiftn, arul came to tliis province in ITM.'J 
 from New York or New Jersey. | One. Iiranch of them settled in ^'hel- 
 Ijurne and another at Wilmot and AyUisford. The Clements pefiple of 
 that name, T think, belonged to the latter. The Jiertauxs came hither 
 V)efore 17G0 from (tu«!rnsey, ami wore grantees in Annapolis township. 
 Philip removed alxiut the beginning of the century to Clements. The 
 family are of Huguenot origin, and liave been very prolific, and many 
 descentlants Iniaring the name are yet among the most reH[)ectab!e of the 
 inhabitants of the county. The Italcoms are also of pre-loyalist date, and 
 very numerous and highly respectable. Members of this extensive family 
 are to be found in Annapolis, Digby, Kings, and Halifax counties. 
 Henry Balcom, late M.P.P., is from the latter county. Thomas Berry's 
 
 + 1 would «\iguuHt that tho name in the samo that was spelt "Troiniwr " in the 
 grant (p. 247). It in (*rtainly now always written and pronounced Triniper, — [Kn.] 
 X "See genealogies. — [Ed.] 
 
250 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 descendants still live in the township, as well as those of Edward Dunn. 
 The Chutes are of pre-loyalist date, and a branch of their family settled 
 here at an earlj' period. Thomas Chute, one of the early settlers of 
 Granville, married Sybil, the eldest sister of the late Andrew Marshall 
 {my maternal grandfather), and bore him a very large family, the members 
 of which and their descendants are domiciled in various places in the 
 Province, but most generally in this county. Merritts are still found 
 in Granville, and Trempers in Clements. Richard Ruggles was a son of 
 Brigadier-General lluggles, of Hard wick, Mas.sachusetts, who sought 
 refuge here from the fury of his republican neighbours. The grand- 
 children and great-grandchildren of this gentleman reside in Clements, 
 and other townships in Digby County to this day. The descendants of 
 Silas Rice live in Hillsburgh. The Vrooms are of Dutch origin, and came 
 here as Loyalists after tlie revolution. They are to be found in Clements, 
 Hillsburgh and Wihnot, but are most numerous in the former township. 
 The names left unasterisked are those who were living in the township 
 at and before 1791. Of these the descendants of the Wrights and 
 Henshaws still exist, and occupy good positions in society, and the same 
 may be said of the Harrises and Boyces. The Purdys are also highly 
 esteemed and very numerous, occupying comfortable homes in Clements 
 and Hillsburgh. In 1815 fifty-nine people of Clements contributed 
 ^88.20 to the Patriotic Fund. 
 
 BEAR RIVER— PAST AND PRESENT. 
 Written in 1890. 
 
 Two hundred and seventy-five years and a little more are required to 
 bridge over the period included betwen 1613 and 1890, and our earliest 
 knowledge of the place dates back to the former year. On the 13th day 
 of January, 1613, a small French vessel commanded by Captain Simon 
 Imbert arrived in the basin tlien named Port Royal, in the midst of an 
 •easterly snow-storm. She was laden with a cargo cons'sting of supplies 
 of food and settlers for the infant colony, which had l)een begun on the 
 Granville shore, opposite the eastern end of the island, now Goat, then 
 ■called Biencourtville, in honour of young Biencourt, son of Poutrincourt, 
 who had previously become proprietor of the settlement by purchase from 
 Demonts, its original founder, six years before. It was the first trip of 
 Imbert to American shores, and the storm preventing him from laying his 
 course, he was compelled to seek shelter under the lee of some headland 
 or island, on or near the south shores of the basin. In following this 
 -course he discovered a small island behind which he found safe anchorage 
 and shelt' ■. That island is now called Bear Island, at the mouth of the 
 river bearing the same name. When the storm subsided they discovered 
 
HISTOUY OK ANNAI'OIJS. 257 
 
 that they were near the mouth of an inh^t or river. The vessel evidently 
 found shelter in the very spot to which in these days the steamboat 
 plying between St. Jf>hn and Dij^by resorts, when, owing to a similar 
 storm, she is unable to proceed to St. John. This river Imbert soon 
 afterwards e.\pl.ired beyond the head of the tide, and discovered its two 
 branches. Ft was the river named St. Anthony on Champlain's map ; 
 but Imljert's countrymen at the fort thenceforth called it Imbert's River; 
 the name which is given in some old French maps of the district. Its 
 present name is simply a corruption of the name of Simon Imbert 
 (Imbare). We must notice here a curious thing confirmatory of the fact 
 stated. Long before recent investigations into the origin of the name of 
 the stream, and more than half a century ago, the first saw-mill erected 
 near the head of the tide was commonly known as Imbert's mill, and the 
 hill which separates the east and west branches of the river was as 
 generally known as Imbert's hill, which seems the greater mystery when 
 it is known that the French, during their more than a century's 
 occupation of the valley, made no settlement in the district. It is 
 probable that the name was first given to the hill, having been preserved 
 traditionally, by trappers and hunters, and afterwards transferred to the 
 mill referred to. 
 
 As we have before said, no village, hamlet or settlement was made here 
 by the French, ond it was not until after the close of the American 
 Revolutionary war that any permanent settlement by tlie English was 
 attempted. But it is not to the men, or the descendants of the men, to 
 whom the grant of the township of Clements, then including both sides 
 of Imbert's River, was made in 17f*4, that we should attribute the 
 honour of being the founders of the present town of Bear River, for it 
 was the earlier pre-loyalist settlers of Annapolis and Granville townships 
 who were the first effective pioneers in changing the forest-clad hills, 
 which still line both banks of the river, into smiling farms and comfortable 
 homesteads. There were a few of the Loyalist settlers who did the same 
 thing in other sections of Clements, but it was the Rices, the Harrises, 
 the Clarks, the Millers and the Chutes, all of pre-loyalist origin, who laid 
 the foundation upon which the superstructure of the flourishing and 
 wealthy town now existing was afterwards built. To these may be added 
 the Bogarts, the Croscups, the Bensons, and Grouses of Loyalist stock as 
 co-workers. The town is situated in the ravines and on the hills which 
 abound near the head of the tide, which extends to .about four or five 
 miles from tlie basin into which the waters of the river are discharged. 
 The first framed house built in the limits of the village m as finished 
 in 1785 by a Captain O'SuUivan Sutherland, and stood not far from 
 the residence of Captain John Harris, on the road leading to the Hessian 
 line. All the houses erected before that year, which were but few in 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 number, were constructed of lojj;s, and liave long, long ago given place to 
 more comfortable and elegant dwellings. On the west side of the river, 
 one of the earliest settlers was the late Christoplier Prince Harris, who.se 
 descendants still own and occupy the homestead ; and on the opposite 
 side, though much nearer the village, Thomas Chute, the grandfather of 
 Mr. H. H. Chute, a candidate for legislative honours at the coming 
 election, connnenced the work of erecting a new home at a very early 
 period. The last-named gentleman informed us that he built the first 
 store on the eastern or Annapolis side of the river, about the same time 
 that Captain Freemaiv Marshall commenced business on the Digby side. 
 To-day the gieater numlier of stores are on the Annapolis side, where 
 Clark Bros, have become the leaders in Bear River business matters. 
 There are several fine stores on the west side, tho.se of Marshall «fe 
 Hardwick and Albert Harris being among the finest. 
 
 No less than nine highways, from all points of the compass, find their 
 termini in the town, and one cannot find a spot on the surrounding hills 
 from which the er ire village can be seen, some portions of it being still 
 hidden away in the ravines which are both numerous and deep. The 
 Baptists, who are the leading denominaticm here, have a fine place of 
 worship on the Digby side, and the Methodists and the adherents of the 
 English Church have each a neat place of worship on the opposite side of 
 the Bridge The Adventists have also a house of worship in the town. 
 
 NOTES BY THE EDITOR 
 
 BEAR RIVER AND MOOSE RIVER. 
 
 It is with much delicacy and deference that I differ front the author 
 as to the true name of Bear River and Bear Island. I am satisfied the 
 river was called la riviere d'llebert before it was called la riviere d'Imbert, 
 and I have a personal knowledge of the fact that the earlier name survived 
 the later ; for whenever I heard the name pronounced by the Acadians 
 of Clare it was la riviere d'Hebert, very distinctly. And the corruption 
 from Hebert's, pronounced Abair's, river would be more easy and 
 natural than from Imbert's pronounced by the tongue of a Frenchman. 
 The French sound of the first syllable of the latter cannot well be 
 represented in letters to the eye of an Englishman, but Amber River 
 would be an easier transition from Imbert than Bear River. Benjamin 
 Suite, of Ottawa, an able writer on Canadian and Acadian antiquities, 
 goes so far as to say that the name Imbert was written by a mistake of a 
 copyist in a map by Bellin, a Frenchman who lived a century after 
 Ohamplain, and that the river was named in honour of Louis Hebert, 
 Apothecary in Demonts' expedition, who sought to cultivate the vine 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 259 
 
 along its banks, and that it is distinctly so marked in Lescarbot's map. 
 Hebert, who was a man of murk in his day, left Acadia after the disaster 
 to Port lloyal in 1613, but later he and liis family became the first real 
 settlers in Canada, where his descendants are numerous. On the contrary, 
 the late P. S. Hamilton, also an able antiquary, thinks the name of the 
 river was that of Poutrincourt's old and faithful servant, Simon Imbert. 
 A locality near the pre-sent villajre did certainly retain Imlwrt's name, 
 and as it is an honourable one as well as euphonious in either language, 
 it ought to be adopted by some one of the rising villages, or post-office 
 districts, within view of the river. 
 
 The name "Bridgeport" for that portion of the village of Bear River 
 which lies on the Annapolis side, has fallen into disuse, and " Hillsburgh " 
 is not found in the post-office directory of Nova Scotia. 
 
 Moose River was called by the French at one period, la riviere 
 d'Orignal or de L'Origrml, L'Orignal's River, probably in memory of 
 the same man whose name is perpetuated in a town in Prescott, Ontario, 
 and the present perversion came from the English confounding the name 
 with the French word "orignol," a moose. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 LATER SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Dalhousic — Lots granted — Return of settlers in 1820— Fatal quiirrel — FaniilicH of 
 early settlers —A foul murder — Maitland — The Keniptons — Karly grantees — 
 Northfield — Delong settlement— Porrott settlement — Rox))ury — Bloominglon 
 — New Albany — First grantees of — Statement of settlement, 1817 — Spring- 
 field — Falkland — Lake Pleasant. 
 
 DALHOUSIE. 
 
 THIS settlement occupies a generally rough and rugged section of 
 the county, the surface being undulating and considerably 
 broken by granitic boulders, mounds and dykes. The soil, however, is 
 strong anfl productive, and wherever the plough can be used good crops 
 almost invariably reward the industry of the inhabitants. It is admir- 
 ably watered by springs, lakes and streams, the latter affording number- 
 less fine water-powers, many of which have, during recent years, been 
 brought into successful use. Its progress, in an agricultural point of 
 view, has been slow ; but it must be remembered that disbanded soldiers 
 seldom possess the knowledge, industry and energy requisite to suc- 
 cessful farming, and it was not till after the first generation of settlers 
 had passed away that much improvement could be made <ir expected. 
 
 The main highway through it forms an angle with those in the valley 
 of the Annapolis River whose opening widens eastwardly, the distance 
 between these roads at Roundhill being six miles, at Bridgetown nine 
 miles, at Lawrencetown about fourteen, and on the eastern line of the 
 county about twenty miles. Within the points named the settlement is 
 crossed by the Roundhill, Lovett, Spurr and Bloody Creek brooks and 
 the Nictaux River, all running northwardly to the Annapolis River, and 
 the Port Med way and LaHave rivers, with several of their branches 
 running southwardly to the Atlantic. All these streams possess noble 
 stream-driving capacity and multitudes of mill sites, while thousands of 
 smaller streams beautify the landscape by forming lakelet and lake 
 expansions of more or less beauty. 
 
 The materials for a history of this settlement are sufficiently abun- 
 dant. During the administration of Lord Dalhousie, the survey of a 
 
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 261 
 
 I'oiid was ordered from a point near the town of Annapolis to the Iiead 
 of Bedford Basin, with a view to a short route between the ancient and 
 the new capital ; and John Harris, one of the deputies of the Surveyor- 
 General, was instructed to perforin the task, which he did successfully in 
 181"). In doing this work, Mr. Harris made offsets and set up bounds, 
 from which afterwards to complete the survey of lots. These l>ounds 
 defined the breadths of the lots which were to extend northwardly and 
 southwardly, from the road as a centre, so far that each lot should contain 
 one hundred acres, the breadth of each being twelve and one-half chains, 
 and the length eighty chains. The stakes set up to mark these offsets 
 were numbered, as were also the lots, and on the 12th day of July, 1817, 
 a number of disbanded .soldiers of the Fencible corps, having previously 
 (by lottery) each di-awn a number, proceeded to the vast forest, guided 
 only by the surveyor's line, for the purpose of taking possession of the 
 farms thus allotted to them, and which they were henceforward designed 
 to occupy and culti\ate. Each one, as he found the stake bearing the 
 number of the lot, stepped out of the Indian file procession in which 
 they travelled to survey his embryo homestead, and select a site for a 
 shanty. 
 
 " It was on the 12th of July, 1817," .said one* of the men to me fifty 
 years after, " that we were ordered to seek the lots we had drawn, and 
 to tiike possession of them, and a very warm day it was. 
 
 '• Our number had been diminished by eighty-four when I step))^(^ 
 aside at the post indicating my number (LXXXV.), and my comrades 
 pas.sed on leaving me to view my new possession in solitude and at leisure. 
 I went at once to work to clear a space, a work which I succeeded in 
 accomplishing, and some time afterward constructed a log shanty, not 
 very remarkable for the beauty of its proportions or the thoroughness of 
 its carpentry. I was not then married, and as none of the settlers had 
 commenced to build on the neighbouring lots, I began to be very lonely 
 as the winter drew on, which, from the isolated position I occupied, is 
 not a matter for wonder, and the constant pressing desire for companion- 
 ship, ungratified as it was, and was likely to be, made me so supremely 
 miserable that when the spring came I sought employment in the valley, 
 found it, and never again saw my Dalhousie farm till to-day ! I assure 
 you," he continued, *' I do not recognize this as the spot on which half a 
 century ago I was so very unhappy. The dead and decaying trees which 
 I see, as far as my eye can reach, were certainly not then here ; but in 
 their place was a green and vigorous forest, which seemed interminable, 
 yet I do remember the brook and the meadow to the east and southward 
 there ; and from their position I think you are correct in saying this is 
 
 * James Wilson. I was sent to survey the lot to him, being at the time a 
 Deputy Crown Land Surveyor for the county. 
 
262 
 
 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 my lot!" "Would you know the spot on which you huilt the shanty T' 
 said I. " Perhaps so," he repled. " I remember the cellar, which was 
 quite small, cost me considerable labour to wall up, but it n>ay remain." 
 I took him in the midst of a clump of scrub pine bushes,* and said, " Is 
 this like tlie place?" "Yes," he replied, "in that hole 1 kept my pro- 
 visions in the winter of 1817-18. The stones of these walli? were then 
 laid by my hands, as you now see, except that many of them have 
 tumbled into the cellar." 
 
 It was not, however, before 1818 that any serious attempt was made 
 to commence the cultivation of the soil forming the farms in the settle- 
 ment ; but at the close of 1820 we have an excellent means to estimate 
 the progress made. I refer to a return made to the Government, for 
 that year, by Major Sniythe, the military superintendent, who had in 
 charge all matters connected with the discharged soldiery who formed il, 
 which is here given to the reader in full. It is not only a census, but it 
 gives valuable information, not usually found in a paper of that kind. I 
 have arranged the names alphabetically for the convenience of reference, 
 though in all other respects it will be found a faithful copy of the original 
 as preserved in the archives of the Province : 
 
 Return ok Military Skttlers Located at the Dalhousie Settlement Showing 
 
 THE ImPROVKMENT MADE BY EACH, TO OCTOBER 16tH, 1820. 
 
 o 
 
 29 
 31 
 37 
 3« 
 
 67 
 98 
 
 156 
 163 
 170 
 
 38 
 61 
 
 87 
 89 
 94 
 
 P 
 
 6 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 . 
 
 a 
 
 . 
 
 % 
 
 a 
 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 s- 
 
 O 
 
 8 
 
 £ 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 a 
 
 tAmlerson, Thomas 
 
 t Anderson, Thomas, jun . . 
 
 tAul, James 
 
 tAnilerson, Robert 
 
 Brophy, Dennis. 
 Butler, John . . . 
 
 Browne, Daniel . 
 Bates, Thomas . 
 Bowie, Thomas. 
 
 tCarter, Archibald . 
 tCiimmings, Rol)ert . 
 Cocker, Abraham 
 tConnell, Patrick . . 
 tCosgrove, Francis . , 
 
 tDargie, William. 
 Dunn, James 
 
 +Dun, John 
 
 1 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Raised 100 bushels potatoes, 1820. 
 A mason. 
 
 Raised 200 bush, potatoes; ex- 
 pects pension. 
 A shoemalcer. 
 
 Expects a pension. 
 
 Shoemalier. 
 
 Tailor ; expects a pension. 
 Shoemaker ; expects a pension. 
 
 Raised 200 bushels of potatoes. 
 Inflrm and aged. 
 
 Expects a pension. 
 
 * Pinus Banksiana. 
 
 t Those thus marked have descendauts living in the county. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOI,IS. 
 
 26:} 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 SB 
 
 30 
 
 98 
 1*21 
 157 
 161 
 3 
 KU 
 173 
 I'21 
 
 48 
 1-20 
 
 9 
 
 65 
 
 174 
 
 119 
 
 »' erf 
 
 NAMKS. 
 
 N 
 N 
 N 
 
 19 
 
 n' 
 
 '26 
 
 . . ■ 
 
 i'21 
 
 
 10 
 
 N 
 
 11 
 
 N 
 
 18 
 
 N 
 
 '22 
 
 N 
 
 1'29 
 
 N 
 
 41 
 
 
 43 
 
 
 176 
 
 • • 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 
 N 
 
 23 |.. 
 39 L. 
 62 1 .. 
 
 88 ! N 
 
 89 .. 
 
 90 N 
 94 N 
 96 N 
 98 .. 
 
 19 
 156 
 
 S |l)avv, Patrick 1 
 
 S KuHV, I'litiick j .. 
 
 . . Ditfily, JaiiiuH | . . 
 
 . . Dyiir, Mattliow 
 
 , . iDaley, K()l)ei't 
 
 S iDcmiielliui, I'atriok 
 
 Dudali', liaptiHt 
 
 Dilli)ii, I'atrick 
 
 'De If I'alinii, Jimonh 
 |De la Hunt, UeniUH. . , 
 
 rFoHter, Joseph 
 S Faniiuir, John. . . 
 S iFhinimgan, John 
 
 07 N i S 
 20 N 
 
 *(iihHoii, William. . . 
 (fOHsin, Peter. ..... 
 
 •(Jorniley, James . . 
 •(lallagher, Chai'Ies 
 (Jaffey, William , . . 
 Godfrieil, Duilale. . . 
 •( JilliH, Archihahl . . , 
 Grant, Alexander. . . 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 S 
 
 N 
 
 ■• 
 
 
 s 
 
 •• 
 
 s 
 
 N 
 
 
 N 
 
 s 
 
 Hall, Joseph 
 
 Hanley, John 
 
 Holmes (Widow) . . . 
 ' Horner, Alexander 
 Hamilton, Gilbert . 
 *Harolil, James . . . 
 
 •Holland, John 
 
 • Hanncm, Stephen . 
 Hackett, Thomas 
 'Hutchinson, Hugh 
 
 Hunt, ( Jeorge 
 
 Hudson, James .... 
 Hannusy, James . . . 
 Hannon, Anthony . 
 *Hogan, Michael. . . 
 Heiler, John 
 
 Ilnglis, Henry. 
 Isles, William . 
 
 Kinghorn, John 
 
 Kav, George . . . . 
 Kelley, Thomas 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 •Justings, Joseph ' 1 
 
 "Jackson, Christopher .... 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 Larrimore, Andrew 
 
 Kkmarki. 
 
 1 
 
 Hchoolniamer, 
 
 ExpecU a pcnaion. 
 
 Sickly ; uiiflt (or settler. 
 
 Cropi ileitroyed by Are. 
 No cropi ; nuppoHed lo have gont 
 off. 
 
 Raised lUO buahela of potatoes. 
 Lives in AnimiHills ; keeps a shop 
 
 Crops burned. 
 Crops (ailed. 
 
 p An idle (ellow. 
 Crops (ailed. 
 Husband killed by a tree. 
 
 Raised 100 bushels potatoes. 
 
 An idle character. 
 Ex|)ects a pension. 
 Carpenter. 
 Expects a pension. 
 
 , Raised SOU bushels potatoes. 
 Removed too late to this lot this 
 
 year. 
 Idle ; expects a pension. 
 
 Sailor ; crops (ailed. 
 
 Blacksmith. 
 
 Crops destroyed by fire. 
 
 Lately come. 
 
 Crops destroyed by Are. 
 
 * Those thus marked have descendants living in the county. 
 + Widow murdered afterward in 1833. 
 
204 
 
 IIISTOIIV OK ANNAIH)M.S. 
 
 $, 
 
 11 
 
 
 H 
 
 MO 
 
 
 8 
 
 124 
 
 N 
 
 
 12(1 
 
 N 
 
 
 l'.>8 
 
 , , 
 
 
 1,'^5 
 
 N 
 
 
 l,-.8 
 
 N 
 
 
 iriH 
 
 
 ,S 
 
 161 
 
 
 S 
 
 1U5 
 
 
 s 
 
 2 
 
 N 
 
 
 7 
 
 N 
 
 , , 
 
 8 
 
 
 !S 
 
 20 
 
 
 8 
 
 27 
 
 
 S 
 
 28 
 
 
 8 
 
 164 
 
 
 8 
 
 65 
 
 
 S 
 
 122 
 
 N 
 
 8 
 
 123 
 
 N 
 
 
 126 
 
 
 8 
 
 160 
 
 
 8 
 
 122 
 
 N 
 
 ,. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 .3 
 
 • ■ 
 
 
 30 
 
 N 
 
 ■• 
 
 96 
 
 
 8 
 
 172 
 
 
 , , 
 
 171 
 
 , , 
 
 
 125 
 
 N 
 
 •■ 
 
 24 
 
 
 S 
 
 49 
 
 • 
 
 s 
 
 95 
 
 N 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 s 
 
 124 
 
 , , 
 
 s 
 
 168 
 
 N 
 
 • • 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 N 
 
 , , 
 
 25 
 
 N 
 
 , , 
 
 31 
 
 N 
 
 
 49 
 
 N 
 
 
 50 
 
 N 
 
 , 
 
 27 
 
 . , 
 
 8 
 
 157 
 
 , , 
 
 8 
 
 117 
 
 N 
 
 • 
 
 12 
 
 N 
 
 
 NAMKM 
 
 iLou'JH, John 
 
 •Lulls .limt>])li 
 
 Laikiii, John 
 
 'Lci', I'oriittliiiM 
 
 *LoiuuM'giiii, William, Hen. 
 Loiiiier){an, W'illiiiin, jiin. . 
 
 *Loiix, .lanicH 
 
 LeHliu, Kilwui'il 
 
 Laiincr^lian, JaniuH 
 
 Lannergan, Michael 
 
 MartiiiBoii, .loliii. . . . 
 Mcl.,au^liliii, David.. 
 Mdforiiian, Anilrew 
 
 Moore, Jaiiies 
 
 I'MuLaii^lilii), Janiusi 
 
 •Miiicliin, .lanieN 
 
 McDaniul, Donald.., 
 I'Meddicraft, .laiiios. 
 jMalion, Francis . . . , 
 *M(;("onnoll, Barney 
 Murphy, Cornelius 
 M(,'(»owan, Thomas . , 
 JMahoney, Frederic.. 
 *Mc(JilI, Robert ..., 
 *Mc(rill, daniea 
 
 Oliver, Henry 
 O'Brien, John, jun 
 O'Brien, James. . . . 
 •Ord, .lohn, sen . . 
 •Qrd, John, jun . . 
 O'Neil, I'tttriek .... 
 O'Neil, William . . 
 
 Phillips, (ieorge 
 Frast, Frederic. . 
 
 Quilty, John 
 
 •Ramsay, William 
 Reach, James . . . , 
 Roehfort, Thomas 
 Ryan, John 
 
 Smith, Henry 
 
 *Searle, Joseph . . . . 
 
 *8tephenHon, James 
 
 •Speakman, John . . 
 
 *Schopp, Adam . , . , 
 
 Scott, Moses 
 
 8 {Sweet, .John 
 
 S Starks, John 
 
 *8toddart, Robert . 
 
 •Taylor, James. 
 
 ItlMARKH. 
 
 Oro|M railed. 
 
 Tailor ; I'xpectt a petition, 
 Bhoeniaker. 
 
 Shoemaker. 
 
 ('ropi failed. 
 
 An iille oliaroctcr. 
 
 Uvei In Annapolis ; keepi a nhop. 
 
 ItaJHeil 110 bushela (lotAtoes. 
 yiioemaker; expects a pension, 
 
 Ex|ie('t8 a pension. 
 Has Kot this lately. 
 Liver|><>ol Rood, 100 bush potatoes 
 Liverpool Koad, 100 buiih |iotatoea 
 
 Crops (ailed. 
 
 Lives with his father. 
 
 Qot this lot lately. 
 
 Got this lot lately ; carpenter. 
 
 A boy ; father lost in the woods. 
 Tailor ; unfit for settler. 
 
 A bad settler ; ^one off. 
 Shoemaker. 
 
 Rnsi^cn's half-pay. 
 
 Tailor. 
 
 Cooper and wheelwright. 
 
 Carpenter. 
 Carpenter. 
 
 1 p jOardener; works in the valley. 
 
 * Those thus marked have descendants living in the county. 
 
HISTOUY ()!•' ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 265 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 91 
 
 40 
 
 23 
 
 2ft 
 
 2H 
 
 HU 
 
 1(17 
 
 127 
 
 127 
 
 I 
 
 K 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 Ilia 
 
 16» 
 
 IIS 
 
 NAMKH, 
 
 .. 
 
 S 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 8 
 
 N 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 'I'liriicr 
 
 ''I'oilil, ■faincit . . 
 I'oliiii, Williuiii. . 
 Tit'iiHiiy, KranciM 
 Toliin, Kichiiril. . 
 *'r<M(lt', .latiifH . . . 
 •Tiivlor, (iciirne 
 Triiinor, Patrick 
 "Ttmli', Kilwiinl 
 
 (I 
 
 ^ii 
 
 VVilHon, JuinuH I 
 
 Walki'f, .laiiii'M 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 William, (.'liark-H 
 Wliittv, Nic'liiilaH. . 
 •VVa«iitatl', William 
 
 Wylii!, David 
 
 *W(K)(llaiiil, .r<»si>|)ii 
 *Wftlk('r, Kiaiu'is. . 
 
 W.il«h, William I . 
 
 Wylif, William I 1 
 
 3 I 1 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .. ! 1 
 
 ft ! I 
 
 Ukmakkh. 
 
 Mototi, 
 
 Mvet with hii loii on lot 123, 
 
 ll(»i«e liiirnt. 
 Ariiiuurtir. 
 
 Cr(i|M and hotme linrnt. 
 
 Car|ienter. 
 
 Paititvr ; crnim failed. 
 
 An idle character. 
 
 Carpenter : expeuti a pention. 
 Bricklayer. 
 
 Tlie Superintendent in the report which acconipiiiiied the foregoing 
 return say.s tliiit tliere had heen a j,'reat failure of crops in this settle- 
 ment (in that year) " particuhiily in grain and turnips," and he assigns 
 several causes among whicli I notice, " the dr3'ne.ss of tlie season ; " " the 
 sterility of the soil in some of the farms ; " " the idleness of some of the 
 settlers," and "fires." "Many of them," he a<lds, "have sown winter 
 grain for next year's crop, and much meadow land has been cleared and 
 sown down to grass, while several acres of upland have been sown with 
 grass and clover, and are likely to give good yields." 
 
 nations of foftd and rum were furnished these people for some time 
 after they to<}k possession of their farms, depots having been established 
 at several points in the district, namely, at or near Dargie's in the western 
 end ; at Albany settlement, where the Dalhousie Road crossed it, and at 
 Stmldart's near the eastern extremitj' of the settlement. In the same 
 year, Major Smythe says he had at his disposal (to be distributed among 
 those who had lieen the shortest time on the ration list) 22,000 lbs. of 
 salt fish. The depots formed the centres of convivial gatherings for the 
 settlers for some two or three years, and were the unintentional cause of 
 much evil to them, by ofl'ering an agreeable method of spending their 
 time in idleness and debauchery to the detriment of their farm interests. 
 
 From this return it may be seen that the district contained 83 women, 
 and 188 children, making together a population in these two classes of 
 
 ' Those thus marked have descendants living in the county. 
 
2C>(\ HISTORY (»K ANNATOMH. 
 
 'J7 1 houIm, Ix-Hidi'H till* inon, who wiicti icckoiK-il iti, iiiiikc n totiil of 
 iibout fhrff hiniilrfd aixl tif'lif hoii/m. 
 
 Tlic wttltTS liiul cU'iiifd r»74 iicn-s of Imiil, iiiui laiHcd tlicrcuii (>, NT) 
 hiislielH (»t' jMifiitoj's, t(»jj[«'tl»'!' witli 14 hu.slii'ls <(t' luiilf-y, r)tl of ry«', lOH 
 of whitat, I'J of Iiuiiiiii corn, Ki of outs, M'2 of turiiipN, :{7 totiH of u|)liiii<l 
 hay, iiml they poMM»^Nst'(| eU'veii cown, and tliiity-tlir«'«' pi^H. 
 
 AsHuniiii^ tliit totul populiition at .'{50, th*> iuiimIht of acres clfart'd 
 would average (for two years' lalHiur) l.t>| per head ; the miiiilxM' uf 
 hushels uf potatoes would give 17.5 bushels p«'r heiul, while luirley gave 
 t»iily oiie-twt iity-fiflh, rye one and a half, and turni])s one and six-tenths 
 bushels per head of the population. All these averages, except that of 
 potat(Mvs, fell far beneath the wants of the irdiabitants, and, of course, 
 the (leHciency had to he provided for them at the public expense. Tt is 
 worthy of note, however, that three-tentliH of a bushel of wheat was 
 prtsluced for each man, woman and child for that year. 
 
 On the 14th July, 1820, Major Sniythe wrote from Annapolis to Major 
 Haid, the (lovernor's military secretary, as follows : " [.,ands having been 
 laid out in the Dalhousie settlement for tiro towns, and His Kxceilency 
 the Karl of Dalhousie having appeared desirous to have them settled as 
 spee«iily as possible, I have the honour to submit for the consideration of 
 His Excellency the Lieutenant-General commanding, whetlier it would 
 not l)e a desirable way to carry it into ettect by giving some public notice, 
 signed by order of His Excellency [holding out the proposed encourage- 
 ment] to such class of persons as may be deemed fittest," etc. ; and in a 
 foot-note, he recommends Thomas Anderson, first carpenter ; Thomas 
 Anderson, second mason ; and Christopher Jacks<m,* blacksmith, of the 
 Royal Artillery, to have lots in the town of Ramsay, t This little 
 settlement lies to the northward of the south base of the district of 
 Dalhousie, and nearly south from the only church in it. 
 
 The road connecting the two is called the Kamsay Road, and was 
 named originally in honour of Lord Ilamsay, eldest son of the Earl of 
 Dalhousie, then a mere boy, who paid a visit to the new settlement in 
 this or the following year. The Legislature granted the sum of £300 for 
 the road leading through it in 1820. 
 
 In another letter addressed to Colonel Darling, then military secretary 
 to Lord Dalhousie, and l^earing date, March, 1819, Major Smythe makes 
 reference to several individuals whose names are identified with the 
 history of the county. Of Mossman he says : " He has a wife, a son 
 twenty years of age, and two daughters — one seventeen, the other eighteen 
 years old," and calls the father a discharged artillery-man. In speaking 
 of Robert Daly, he declares that he works hard for a living, " and resides 
 
 *Afterwiird killed by (iorinley. 
 
 t Still familiarly called "the township." 
 
IIISTOIIV nK WNAIMH.IM. 2(17 
 
 with hiH fatlit'i- in liiw',' Ot' iiiiutlici, lii> atliniiM, " Dmiit'l Ijirkiii liiui, oik 
 certificate of ^ikmI oluuiietcr fniin ('ii|itiiiii iloyt, Iwcn tiiki'ii on [tlu' 
 ration liHt f{ iiguin, " iirid that "VVilHon hiiM u iur^o fiiniily, is iii(iustrious, 
 nnd (h'H«M'vt>s to liav<> thi> lot of liiiiil itiijoiiiiuK lot K." 
 
 In tli«i s|>rin>^ of IHJ.'i, tht- Aiiniinistriitor of tin* Uovernint'iit, Mr. 
 Wiillrice, wiiM in'titioiuMJ hy ii Iiiryf nuinlM'r of settlerM for iin liltoriition in 
 thvt rumi U>a(iiiiK front Annapolis to their H«>ttl«>nii>nt. Th«>ir appliciition 
 wiiH ii|i|irovt'<l in Council on th»' I'rttli of Mny. Tli»' clmnKf a.skfd for wnn 
 (Icsigni'd to avoid, nn much as possil>lt', tlic hilln over which the old road 
 had liM'en constructed, and to lesnen tiie distance Itetween their hoincN and 
 the town where thi'y exchanged the priMlucts of tlieir I'lhour for the coni- 
 nuMJities re(|uired for c<»nsuniption in their lioiiseholds. The followin;,' 
 are the names of tlie petitioners: Uoltert .Stailiny, William (Jilmon, .lohn 
 Muckler, John Dunn, Thomas Anderson, James Aul, (r. Hanulton,. 
 Christopher Jackson, Menry ln>,'lis, Joseph Matthews, Joseph \Vo(Mllanils, 
 Hernard ^fcConnelly, James McLau^ldin, Thomas Minchin, Jt)hn Holland, 
 James Whitman,* William Dargie, James Wilson, William Lynch, 
 William Ramsay, Thomas Ihickler, William Copeland, John Copeland, 
 William Barry, and James McWade. 
 
 On the ICth May, Judge Ritchie informed the Government that he 
 could not make any arrangement with the Eassons in relation to the 
 damages done to them, or that would he done to them in carrying out tiie 
 prayer of the petitioners, and stated it as his oj)inion that they should 
 not be paid more than £')0, and that Matthew Ritchie should also he 
 paid for losses accruing to him from the same cause. 
 
 Among the names of the grantees of this settlement will be found 
 those of James Uormley and Christopher Jackson — names to which con- 
 siderable interest has always been attache<l from a tragedy connected 
 with them. Tlie atiair to whicli I refer occurred in 1826 or 1827, I think, 
 when the latter was killed by the former in a (|uarrel which took place 
 from a trivial cause, while on a visit with several of their neighlwurs, to 
 Annapolis, probably to draw their pensions, (ilormley, excited by passion 
 and perhaps by drink, struck Jackson with an iron instrument. He was 
 arrested in consequence of the blow proving fatal, and tried before the 
 Supreiie Court on an indictment for murder, but was convicted of the 
 lesser offence only (manslaughter), and sentenced to imprisonment for a 
 term of years. An attempt having been made in 1829 to obtain a com- 
 mutation or remission of the sentence, a number of persons memorialized 
 the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, not to grant it for 
 reasons set forth. 
 
 I need not apologize to the reader for introducing here some uhort 
 notices of a few of the families whose names appear in the original list of 
 
 *A pre-loyiilist, married a ilaiighter of the Rev. Jacob Bailey. 
 
2()S HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 grantees in this settlement, and who have continued to occupy the lands 
 without interruption till the present time : 
 
 William Dargie, J. P., and his brothers Alexander and James — the sons 
 of the late William Dargie, who was the manager of one of the ration 
 stations or depots in the early days — still occupy the homestead and the 
 adjoining lands, besides being the proprietors of a grist and saw-mill, and 
 liave acquired in consequence of their industry and integrity, considerable 
 inHuence in their neighbourhood. It is much to their credit to say that 
 they have taken a very warm interest in educational matters, and soon 
 after the law creating free schools came into operation, the settlement was 
 laid off into sections, one of which, " The Dargie section," was soon 
 furnished with a school-house, and a school opened in which good service 
 has been done, and these results have been largely attributable to the 
 efforts of these men and a few of their neighbours. The Dargies and 
 Bucklers at this place were the first to commence lumbering operations 
 on the American system, and thus to give an impetus to the business 
 that without their efforts would have continued to languish for want of 
 knowledge and enterprise. 
 
 Another school-house exists at the mouth of tlie township road 
 (llamsay) and has been of considerable service there. This part of the 
 settlement rejoices in the possession of the only house of worship in West 
 Dalhousie. It is a neat little building situated on the bank of a beautiful, 
 though small lake and surrounded with a fine grove of the populi-folia, or 
 poplar-leaved birch, under the shade of which are to be seen many small 
 hillocks indicating the 'ast earthly resting place of many of those who 
 were pioneers in the labour of improvement in this region. This church 
 belongs to the Episcopalians, and is now included in the new parish of 
 Round Hill. 
 
 >Saw-mills are owned by various individuals in the settlement besides 
 those named. Edward Devinney and sons own a fine mill situate on the 
 stream that flows past his dwelling, and Durland and others are the pro- 
 prietors of another on the Port Medway River, near the lakes called " The 
 Spectacles " ; and there are also several others * and a shingle machine in 
 the eastern settlement, from which large quantities of pine and spruce 
 logs have been " driven " down the sinuous channels of the streams 
 leading into the La Have River, through which to find their way to the 
 gang-mills at Bridgewater and its vicinity. These and other causes have 
 much mitigated the condition of the settlers, which for a considerable 
 period was one of chronic poverty and comparative idleness. As the old 
 pensioners died and their pensions fell in, their descendants were obliged 
 to look to other sources for the means to maintain their families, so that 
 
 * Since the text was written most of these mills have been superseded by portable 
 steam saw-mills. — [Ed.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 269 
 
 poverty is now the exception and humble competence the rule, while 
 many have risen to circumstances of comfortable independence. 
 
 Amony the names of the petitioners above cited there is one that 
 deserves h(mourable mention for his personal worth — I mean the late 
 John Aul. He came to Halifax in 1804, in an armed brig of war which 
 in that year brought out a detachment of artillery to which he belonged. 
 He was then a young man, and expected from his profession that he 
 might be called to visit many places in different parts of the world. 
 He determined to be made a member of the order of Free and Accepted 
 Masons, if it were possible. He was recommended in the usual way to 
 Virgin Lodge, of that city, by a member of the lodge, accepted and received 
 his first degree, when his detachment was placed under orders to proceed 
 to Jamaica, on which a lodge of emergency was called and he obtained 
 the two following degrees and his Master's certificate. The brig sailed at 
 the appointed time and had an extremely pleasant and rapid voyage until 
 within a short distance of St. Ann's, the port to which she was bound. 
 " The evening," said the old gentleman to the writer a few years ago, 
 " was a very fine one, and 1 was happy in the belief that I would soon be 
 where I might be of use to my king and country. We had reason to think 
 that we might find ourselves in circumstances of danger as we approached 
 the island, as the French had many fine frigates afloat in West Indian 
 waters, but on this evening, knowing from the report of the captain that 
 if no untoward event occurred, at daylight in the morning we should 
 by our reckoning be in sight of the headland covering our port, we were 
 in high spirits, and congratulated ourselves in having escaped the vigilance 
 of our enemies, and we retired to our hammocks in this happy state of 
 mind. At early dawn in the morning we were aroused by the booming 
 report of a gun of much heavier calibre than any we carried in our small 
 brig, and coming on deck we beheld the land we expected to see, but we 
 also saw what we did not expect to see, a fine large French frigate to 
 windward of us, and so near that there was no possibility of escape. It 
 was the discharge of one of her guns across our bows that had awakened 
 us. A very short council of war was held, at which it was resolved that 
 it would be an act of madness to fight a ship of her size, armament and 
 crew ; and as we could not run away from her, it was decided to surrender, 
 wliich we did. The French commander immediately sent a boat with an 
 oflicer co boerd|us and dispose of us as prisoners of war. This officer spoke 
 no English, but one of ours understood French, though not very thoroughly. 
 At length I was told that the keys to my trunks were required, and I at 
 once delivered them to him. He examined my baggage very closely and 
 took possession of the papers found among them, and glanced at them in 
 a helpless kind of manner — owing no doubt to the lack of knowledge of 
 the language in which they were written — till he reached my Masonic 
 
270 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 certificate, which was written in the Latin tongue, when he asked the inter- 
 preter to whom it belonged, and I was pointed out to him as the person. 
 He bowed politely to me, and then told his interpreter to tell us that the 
 otticers of the ship would, if they desired, be put on shore on the point of 
 land nearest to St. Ann's, and allowed to take all their personal property 
 with them. He then expressed his regret that it was out of his power to 
 land us nearer and thereby save us the trouble we might experience in 
 reaching our destination, a thing he would willingly do if it were not for 
 the danger he would run in being himself captured by some of our vessels 
 then in the neighbourhood. Our vessel was, of course, taken as a prize, 
 and the crew and men made prisoners, but the rest of us were safely 
 landed at the cape. All our papers, valuables and other property we were 
 permitted to take with us. Our foe," continued he, " was a Freemason." 
 
 Mr. Aul was one of the oldest Masons in the Province at the time of 
 his death. He was for several years in government or city employ at 
 Halifax. He was married and had issue. One of his daughters is the 
 -wife of John Buckler, Esq., J. P., and has a large family. Her husband 
 and all the families in the county bearing that name are of English 
 origin, and some of the heads of them were natives of Devonshire. They 
 have generally been distinguished by their sobriety, industry and thrift, 
 and possess considerable local influence in their district. 
 
 In 1833 a man named Gregory murdered an elderly woman, a Mrs. 
 •Catherine Inglis. The circumstances attending this murder excited the 
 people of the whole county. The scene of the outrage was a spot a little 
 to the eastward of the mouth of the Perrott Road, near its junction with 
 the Dalhousie Road, and several days elapsed after the commission of the 
 crime before the body was discovered. The skull of the unfortunate 
 •woman had been broken by the use of a triangular piece of ash timber, 
 known as a " stave bolt," which was found lying near. In his confession 
 he said the double crime was committed before dark and in great haste, 
 «,nd after killing her he dragged the body aside to the swamp where she 
 was ultimately found ; that on reaching his home and reflecting upon his 
 <leed, it occurred to him that he might not have killed her, and that she 
 might survive to testify against him ; and in consequence of this doubt 
 he returned to the spot and found her alive, though speechless, and, with 
 the weapon spoken of, he then finished his bloody work, wrenched her 
 -wedding-ring from her finger, and took a small coin — a smooth sixpence 
 — from her pocket, returned home and went to his work. This coin was 
 afterwards a means to his conviction, as well as the ring, and his conduct 
 during the search — the former having been found in his possession and 
 identified as property of the deceased. He was indicted at the Septem- 
 ber term of the court, 1833, tried and convicted, and soon after executed 
 at Hog Island. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 271 
 
 MAITLANT). 
 
 This settlement is situatetl on the road leading from Annapolis to 
 Liverpool, and its southern extremity abuts on the south line of the 
 county. It is nearly ten miles in length, and is intersected near its 
 centre by the Liverpool River (why should this stream not be called 
 Rossignol after its discoverer?), down which for many years vast 
 quantities of spruce and pine timber have found their way, by the aid 
 of the sturdy and adventurous stream-driver, to the saw-mills of Queens 
 County, at the head of the harbour of the good old town of Liverpool. 
 Its geological character is somewhat anomalous, its soil being mainly 
 formed of decomposed granite, while the near undei-lying rocks are 
 chiefly metamorphic slates. Granite boulders predominate in the settle- 
 ment ; and; as I have said, the soils, when cultivated, indicate such an 
 origin, though the hard whinstones and slates which give character to 
 the gold belt of the Province, are always found at no great depth below, 
 and quartz veins have been found in very many places, some of them 
 being of the rose-coloured \ariety and of great breadth, but whether of 
 gold-bearing character or not has not been determined, nothing having 
 been undertaken to test the fact, nor is it at all probable that anything 
 will be done in that direction until after the timber supply shall have 
 become exhausted. It is possible, however, that another generation may 
 find employment for its energies in the pursuit of gold-mining. The 
 farms in this locality make excellent returns for the culture and care 
 expended on them, but they do not receive the generous treatment and 
 undivided attention necessary to really profitable results, nor will this be 
 the case wliile the lumber interest, above referred to, continues to be of 
 paramount importance to the settler. 
 
 The same general fact may be affirmed in relation to horticultural and 
 pomological pursuits, though, from the slight eftbrts made in these 
 branches of industry, it has become apparent that ample success would 
 crown the intelligent and scientific endeavours of all who might engage 
 in them. 
 
 The family to which this district is most largely indebted for its 
 gradual and healthy development, bears the name of Kempton. Two or 
 three brothers of that name were the first to begin the work of clearing 
 away the forests preparatory to the creation of homesteads for themselves 
 and their families in this, then, far-oif and remote wilderness. It was 
 about the beginning of the second quarter of this century, that these 
 hardy and adventurous pioneers commenced their labours. Until the 
 time of the administration of Sir Peregrine Maitland, I think, the place 
 was called " Kempton's Settlement," but at the period indicated it 
 received its present name in honour of the Governor. 
 
272 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Although scarcely more than a generation has passed away since the 
 " forest primeval " was monarch of all it surveyed, the first settlers and 
 their children, who still own and occupy a large portion of its area, have 
 lived to witness a change seldom brought about in so short a time. In 
 less than half a century the wilderness — the home of the wild beast and 
 of solitude — has blossomed, and the fruit borne has taken the form of 
 homes — the happy homes of many hundreds of intelligent, industrious, 
 moral and loyal subjects of the best sovereign who ever occupied the 
 throne of our "great Mother Country" ; of a people who have erected saw 
 and grist mills, churches, school-houses and temperance halls, and who 
 have, in their humble yet earnest way, always cast their aid and 
 influence in defending and fostering the riyht, or what they believed 
 to be the right, in opposition to the ivrong, whether in the domain of 
 morals, religion oi pf)litics. A triweekly mail which formerly passed 
 through the settleni»»nt, has in later years been succeeded by a daily one. 
 The trade of the settlement has two outlets — one towards Annapolis, from 
 which it is separated by a distance of twenty-eight miles ; the other 
 toward Liverpool, which is at a somewhat greater distance. Among the 
 inhabitants who became settlers here at an earlj' period, I must not 
 forget to mention Nimrod Router, a very intelligent, though somewhat 
 eccentric individual, who cast in his lot with the dwellers in this region 
 fifty or sixty years ago ; and of " Mike Sypher," the acquisition of a 
 much later period, and who also possesses some very agreeable peculiari- 
 ties.* Mr. Sj'^pher is descended from a Loyalist family which came to 
 Digby in 1783. His cheery " such is life," when any misfortune over- 
 took him was such as to inspire even a misanthrope with good humour 
 and hopefulness. Said he to the writer one day, speaking of the Loyalists 
 who hivA settled in the district just named, " They were very intelligent 
 and tolerably well educated ; at least they ought to have been, for they 
 always had ' Read, Wright, and Sypher with them ' " — in allusion to his 
 own name and those of two others who had domiciled themselves in the 
 same locality. 
 
 Maitland is situated in the heart of the lumbering section of the 
 southern part of the county, and its welfare has been much influenced by 
 the prosecution of that industry, and it is to be feared rather injuriously 
 than otherwise. The forests have claimed and received more attention 
 than the farms, and its agricultural interests have suflered in an inverse 
 proportion to the success of the lumbering business. It is to be hoped, 
 however, that this vital industry will soon receive more systematic and 
 intelligent care, and that a new era of prosperity will be inaugurated, 
 
 * Since the author's death removed to Digby Neck, where he still lives, but still 
 owning his Maitland farm. — [Ed.] 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 278 
 
 from which the most beneficial results may be anticipated to the people 
 in the increase of their wealth and the extension of their settlement. 
 
 This district, like most of the more recent settlements, was largely 
 granted to persons residing in the old townships. Among those who thus 
 held grants I may name Colonel James Eager, of Wilraot; William 
 Morehouse, Esq., of Annapolis ; John H. Ditmars, Stephen llyerson, 
 James R. Purdy, Gabriel Purdy, Joseph A. Purdy, and Silas Potter, of 
 Clements, and Frederic Hardwick, of Annapolis. Besides these there wei-e 
 several grantees who belonged to Queens County. Of these individuals, 
 Colonel Eager was a Loyalist, who received a grant of land in Wilmot, 
 adjoining that of Colonel Samuel V. Bayard. Mr. Eager died about 
 1830, leaving one son, John H. Eager, Estj., who survives?, and two or 
 three daughters. The old homestead became afterwards the property of 
 Captain Gow, late of Her Majesty's navy, to whom the son sold it. Mr. 
 Morehouse was the son of a Loyalist, and was born in Digby County, 
 where his father had settled. He was a Deputy Surveyor for the county 
 for many years, and it was he who planned and surveyed the settlement. 
 He died at an advanced age at his farm in South VVilliamston, leaving 
 two sons, both of whom are deceased. For particulars of Ditmars (who 
 married in 1825, Floralia, daughter of the late Abraham Gesner, M.P.P.), 
 Stephen Ryerson, the Purdys and Potters, see the history of Clements, 
 and the genealogies in other parts of this work. Frederic Hardwick, the 
 grantee whose name has been above mentioned, was a son of one of 
 the pre-loyalists of 1760, and who settled shortly after that time near 
 "Saw-mill Creek," on a farm that is yet owned and occupied by his 
 descendants. (See genealogies.) 
 
 N(H{THFIELD 
 
 Lies to the eastward of Maitland, and but two or three miles distant from 
 it. It is but a small district, and in soil, productions, and in general 
 characteristics resembles the latter settlement, as it also does in the 
 character of its people. The soil is very productive, but not very intelli- 
 gently cultivated, lumbering operations having resulted injuriously in 
 that respect. The settlement lies partly in Annapolis and partly in 
 Queens County, and is provided with a school-house and school, the 
 section, being a " border section," receiving support from both counties. 
 It may be proper to mention here that quartz boulders are found in 
 this settlement, much in the same way they are known to exist at Waverly 
 and other gold districts; and as the underlying rocks resemble those in 
 which auriferous quartz has been found, it is scarcely problematical that 
 gold exists there, especially as " mundic " or pyriticcd substances are 
 known to abound in the rocks of the neighbourhood. 
 18 
 
274 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 DELONll SETTLKMENT. 
 
 This small settlement lies to the eastward of Maitland and Northfield, 
 and takes its name from a Mr. Belong, a descendant of a Loyalist 
 family of that name (probably of Huguenot ancestry), who settled in 
 VVilmot in about the year 1800. There are a few other families located 
 liert, among whom is one named Roddy or Rawding, whose fathers were 
 Loyalists and original settlers in Digby. 
 
 The soil in this district resembles that of Northfield, and is very pro- 
 ductive when fairly cultivated, yielding excellent cereal crops and other 
 vegetables. Lumbering is also prosecuted in the winter season by the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 PK RROTT SETTLKM K NT. 
 
 This settlement lies nearly south-east from the town of Annapolis. It 
 was granted in 1821 to a certain numl)er of persons who had belonged to 
 the military branch of the public service, most of whom I believe were of 
 Loyalist origin. It takes the name fi"om a Captain Perrott, a Loyalist, 
 though his name does not appear among the grantees, and consists of a 
 numl)er of farms lying on both sides of the road leading through it, 
 having a length of six or eight miles. The soil of these farms is mostly 
 of a loamy character, well adapted to the growth of staple vegetable 
 crops, but not very thoroughly cultivated — the attention of the farmers 
 having too frequently been diverted to lumbering operations. Most 
 of the inhabitants, however, obtain a good livelihood for themselves and 
 families from these combined sources of wealth, and its educational 
 prospects were soon much improved by the Act of 1864 relating to this 
 vital subject. It has been provided with a place of worship according to 
 the forms of the Church of England, attached to which is a neat burial- 
 ground. The settlement is admirably watered, and several excellent 
 mill sites exist, tesides those which are now occupied. The district which 
 it covers is somewhat hilly and diversified in scenery. The list below 
 given contains the names of the original grantees : 
 
 Anderton, James. tjiray, James. Muir, William. 
 
 Baker, Thomas. Hudson, Lieut. Henry. McLaughlin, John. 
 
 Barry, William. Ingles, William. Norman, Joseph. 
 
 Collins, Garrett. James, Thomas. Robinson, Lieut, George. 
 
 Copeland, John. Keenan, Michael. Smith, Henry. 
 
 Collins, Richard. Lynch, Hugh. Sanks, George. 
 
 Gray, WiUiam. Lynch, William. Winniett, Ensign J. 
 
 Morris, Uennis. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 275 
 
 ROXBURY, OR DURLAND'S SETTLEMENT. 
 
 This small settlement is situated nearly south from the l)eautiful 
 Paradise District and about six miles from it, and derives its original 
 name from Thomas Durland and another of the name who were sons or 
 grandsons of Daniel Durland, an original grantee of Mount Hanley in 
 Wilmot. The settlement lies chieHy lietween the base; line of the front 
 lots of the township of Annapolis and the south line of the same township, 
 and has a soil consisting of the detritus of granitic rocks mingled with a 
 sort of clay loam — a strong and productive soil, yielding fair returns in 
 all the usually grown cereals and other vegetable crops. Apples are 
 cultivated in it with good results, and the small wild fruits, comprising 
 the gooseberry, raspbei-ry, blueberry and strawberry, are pi'oduced in 
 profuse abundance. The streams and lakes in its neighl)ourlux)d abound 
 in trout and perch and afford a fine field for the operations of the dis- 
 ciples of Izak Walton. One of the settlers bears the name of Hinds — a 
 name which the reader may recall as being the same as that of a family 
 among the oigiiuil applicants for lands in Annapolis township in 1759. 
 
 Farming and lumbering chiefly employ the attention of the inhabitants 
 who gain a fair livelihood from these pursuits. The district forms a school 
 section, and the people have built a neat school-house which is also, on 
 occasions, used as a place of pul)lic worship. 
 
 BLOOMINOTON. 
 
 This settlement lies to the south-east of Nictaux Falls village on what 
 was formerly called the Wheelock Road — so named from the late Elias 
 Wheelock who owned a lot of land contained in the angle formed by the 
 said road and the main highway leading eastwardly to Canaan mountain, 
 now called Torbrook. This gentleman was distinguished for his activity 
 as a pioneer in the work of cultivation and improvement in this region, 
 and was for many years a deputy surveyor of Crown lands in the county. 
 In the latter decade of the last century the whole county south of his clear- 
 ing was an unbroken forest of pine, spruce, hemlock, birch, beech, maple, 
 ash and other deciduous trees, giving evidence of a strong and productive 
 soil and pointing it out as a proper location for a settlement. The road 
 through it which was surveyed by him, was afterward extended still 
 farther southwardly toward Lunenburg, by which name it has long Ijeen, 
 and still is known. The lands on both sides were granted in blocks of 
 considerable size to various individuals — one of whom was Robert 
 Dickson, formerly sheriff of the county. These grants were mostly 
 bounded on the west by the Nictaux River, and were left uncleared and 
 uncultivated for a great many years, many of them having only recently 
 been cut up and sold " in lots to suit purchasers." 
 
270 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 The Viditos, a Ijoyulist family, wore among the first settlers in tliis 
 (iistrict, and several families of that name are still domiciled in it. In 
 recent years, the timber, which has escapefl tlie ravages of fire, lias been 
 extensively utilizefl and made a source of considerable profit to the inhabi- 
 tants, but when that article shall have ceased to be available, it is feared 
 that nothing will be found to supply its place ; but as the soil is very good 
 it may be predicted that the inhabitants will realize a fair subsistence 
 from its cultivation, especially if they should be induced to adopt more 
 scientific and skilful methotls. The people have supplied themselves with 
 school accommodation, and in morals and religion compare favourably 
 with those of other sections of the county. 
 
 NEW ALBANY. 
 
 This settlement was surveyed and laid out early in the present century, 
 by Phineas Millidge, eldest son of Thomas Millidge, Escjuire, who was 
 for many years one of the representatives of the county. He appears to 
 have been engaged in this work in 1801 or 1802, for in 1804 he petitioned 
 the Legislature to be reimbursed for losses sustained by fire during the 
 survey, in which he was assisted by Nathaniel Parker (afterwards 
 appointed a commissioner to settle the district), Joseph Morton, John 
 McCormick (of Granville), George Harvey, and George Buchanan. The 
 loss sustained was caused by the accidental burning of their camp, by 
 which their clothing and provisions were consumed. Compensation was 
 granted to them in a bulk sum, which was ordered to be divided among 
 them in the ratio of their individual losses.* 
 
 The road through the settlement had been cut out before 1806, for in that 
 year Charles Whitman was granted the sum oijive pounds, to pay hira for 
 keeping the road open from the eighteen-mile tree to Cleaveland's t — that 
 is, to cut out the windfalls that might obstruct the travel for that year. 
 In 1809 £100 was voted for the Liverpool Road, a part of which would 
 be expended on that portion of it which extended through Albany, and 
 Nathaniel Parker was appointed a commissioner to expend it. The 
 settlement is bounded on the north by the south line of the second 
 division of the township of Annapolis ; on the east by the Nictaux River; 
 on the south by the north rear line of the Dalhousie lois, and on the 
 west by the western lines of the lots contained in it, and by Trout Lake, 
 a fine expansion of a brook that discharges its waters into the Nictaux 
 
 * Journals of Assembly for 1803. 
 
 t Journals of Assembly for 1806. Cleaveland's farm was situated on the road 
 leading from Nictaux Falls to the new settlement and within two miles of it. It was 
 in later years owned by Thomas Banks. Mr. Cleaveland was one of the grantees of 
 Albany, his lot being No. 29, which was afterwards owned by Charles Whitman — 
 perhaps escheated and regranted to him. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 277 
 
 jiftor crossing tlie Hettlfiuent nt'iu- its southern «xtreniity. The load 
 which traverses it is very hilly, in some places liaving been cui*rie<l over 
 the highest hills. The soil is prwluotive and generally well cultivated ; it 
 is formed of clay loams mingled with tiie deti'itus of granitic rocks of the 
 district. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips and 
 mangold-wurzel ai-e successfully grown, and are a source of considerable 
 profit to the farmer. It is well watered and productive in grasses as it 
 pt»8ses,se8 some valuable meadow lands. The streams and lakes almund 
 in trout and j)erch, and aHord fair leturns to the sportsmen wlio venture 
 to try their luck in tliem. The writer has seen the latter fish taken in 
 Z wicker's lake, near the .south end of the settlement, of the size of a 
 mackerel, and they are to be preferred to the former for their Havour 
 and delicacy. 
 
 The following is a list of the names of the first grantees of the lands 
 in the settlement, with the number of acres in each lot. The lots are 
 numbered from nortli to south beginning with No. C. 
 
 Lot. NAMR8. Acres, i Lot. N'amks. Acres. 
 6 Oarrett Clayton 243 j 21 Isaac Wliitnmn 230 
 
 7 John Saunders 230 
 
 8, 9, 10, Ungrantcd. 
 
 1 1 Solomon Marshall 280 
 
 12 Daniel Whitman 230 
 
 13 Klisha Marshall 170 
 
 14 WiUiam Chute 126 
 
 15 James Anderson 230 
 
 jg ( Samuel Felch 150 
 
 22 Solomon Miirsliall 230 
 
 23 Beriah Bent 605 
 
 24 Jacol) Whitman 230 
 
 25 Jno. Whitman Tuffts 312 
 
 26 Daniel Whitman 280 
 
 27 Henry Parker 328 
 
 28 Daniel Benjamin 
 
 29 Ezekiel Cleaveland 290 
 
 Abraham Chute 100 i 30 John Sanders, jun 280 
 
 17 Samuel Bayard 230 [ 31 Nathaniel Benjamin 400 ' 
 
 18 Samuel Bancroft 230 { 32 Nathaniel Benjamin 
 
 19 Jeremiah Bancroft 230 ! 33 Daniel lienjamin 
 
 20 Obadiah Marshall 230 ' 34 Henry Zwicker (recent grant) . . 200 
 
 In 1817 many of these lots had changed owners. Clayton's (No. 6) lot 
 had been bought by John Saunders, jun. ; No. 8 had been granted to Abiel 
 Robbins, sen.; Daniel Whitman had purchased No. 13; Nos. 14 and 15 
 had been sold to William Davis; 17 liad been purchased from Samuel 
 Bayard by Samuel Marshall; and 18 and 19 by Abel Beals; Isaac 
 Whitman had become the owner of 20 ; and Maynard Parker of 22 ; 
 Henry Parker had bought 26, and Charles Whitman 29, while the late 
 John Merry had become the proprietor of 30, which had been granted to 
 John Saunders, jun. These facts may be verified by reference to the 
 subjoined report which will speak for itself : 
 
278 
 
 HI8TOKY nV ANNAFULI8. 
 
 " Suti'incnt of th<' Settlement an<l th<me that have Hettlod on the road that leads 
 from Nii'taux to Livi>r|MHil, and the land that ih granttHl and what Ih Liahlu to l>e 
 eacheatod. Nettled under the direction of the SubHoriber. 
 
 "(Signed*, \atiiamki. I'ahkkr, 
 
 " Coinmimiiuiier to yit StUlem." 
 
 Lot. 
 
 NAMKS. 
 
 J IS- 
 
 3 
 
 6, 7 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 12, 13 
 
 14, 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18, 19 
 
 '20, 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 26,27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 .SO 
 
 31i,32 
 
 33 
 
 37, 38 
 
 Ahiel Robbing 
 
 John Saundurfi, jiin. , . . 
 
 Abiel KobbinH, gen 
 
 Solomon MnrHhall, jun. 
 Daniel Whitman, jun . . 
 
 William Davis 
 
 Samuel FeU'h 
 
 Samuel Marghall 
 
 Abel Beala 
 
 iHaac Whitman 
 
 Maynard Parker 
 
 *Beriah Bent 
 
 John Whitman, jun. . . . 
 
 John W. Tuffts 
 
 Henry Parker 
 
 Daniel Benjamin 
 
 Charles Whitman 
 
 John Merry 
 
 Nathaniel Benjamin . . . . 
 
 do. do 
 
 Church Morse 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 6 
 50 
 
 4 
 30 
 52 
 23 
 20 
 20 
 25 
 70 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 20 
 50 
 100 
 20 
 70 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 ItKMAKKH. 
 
 Granted. 
 A iinltliy. 
 Oraiiteil. 
 
 1 
 
 1 I 
 1 > 
 I 
 
 1 I 
 1 
 
 Granted— I. iiible to be 
 eiK'heated. 
 ■ Granted— K. side of road. 
 . j Drowned l»t May, 1817. 
 
 The district possesses two or more school-houses, a Baptist church, 
 a grist and several saw mills, one of which was situated near its northern 
 boundary, and is known as " Patterson's gang-mill," having been built 
 by James Butler Patterson, an enterprising American gentleman who, 
 having become the proprietor of extensive lands on the Nictaux River, 
 expended large sums in the construction of tliis valuable mill and in clear- 
 ing out the river and its tributaries and building dams, and who will long 
 be remembered by the people of this part of the country for his enterprise 
 and many manly qualities, as well as for his having been the pioneer in 
 the introduction of a new and improved method of conducting luml)ering 
 operations on a large scale. This property was sold to Messieurs Pope, 
 Vose it Co., who in their turn sold to the enterprising firm of Davison 
 Bros., who still continue to manufacture several million feet of boards 
 annually, which of late years find their way via the Nova Scotia Central 
 Railway to Bridgewater, in Lunenburg County, whence they are shipped 
 to various markets. This branch of industry has contributed largely to 
 the material prosperity of this settlement. 
 
 Lost at sea a few years after this day. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 279 
 
 HPRINOFIKLD, OR ORINTON SKTTLEMKNT. 
 
 From the eiirlioHt rocolltwtion of the writer until al)<)ut the middle of 
 the century, this locality woh Iwst, in fact only, known by the latter name. 
 John Grinton, a native of Scotland, and, I believe, of Glasgow, soon 
 after his arrival in the Province took up his abode at or near Ijawrence- 
 town, where, with his family, he lived several years. This man was the 
 first applicant for a grant of lands in this settlement, and became one of 
 the first settlers there. Another Scotchman, a Glasgow man, Arod 
 McNayr by name, became a grantee and settler in the same year. The 
 former is said to have built the first house, and the latter to have 
 constructed the first barn in it. The descendants of these men yet find 
 homes and farms on the lands granted to their fathers. Three-quarters 
 of a century has passed away since the pioneer's axe was first heard in 
 this now fine district, but which was then a dense wilderness of mixed 
 and mighty forest trees. It had to be approached from East Dalhousie 
 by a bridle-path a distance of several miles. Tt was through such a road, 
 and on horseback, that the wives and children of Grinton and McNayr 
 were guided on the way to their new forest homes. The almost heroic 
 courage and devotion which animated these worthy women cannot fail 
 to excite our admiration. The sacrifices made by them can scarcely be 
 measured by any standard known to us of to-<lay. The loss of the public 
 worship of God, of the social intercourse with old friends and neigh- 
 bours and relatives without which life loses half its zest ; the deprivation 
 of the comforts and conveniences of living long enjoyed ; the loneliness 
 and sometimes the dangers of life in the woods, and the certain prospect 
 of a life of toil and privation in the future — all these sacrifices were 
 made with admirable fortitude because they were made by willing hearts, 
 and it is believed that the satisfaction which accompanies such deeds 
 sweetened the declining years of their long lives. 
 
 For several years these people had to convey such supplies as they 
 were not otherwise able to produce, through roadless forests on their own 
 shoulders or tiiose of a horse. This condition of things was experienced 
 until a considerable lapse of time had occurred, but it gradually, at first 
 very gradually, began to give place to a better one. 
 
 FALKLAND. 
 
 It was not long after the settlement was formed in Springfield, that 
 the first attempt was made to commence the work of improvement in 
 Falkland, or as it was for some years called, " the Eastern Settlement," in 
 allusion to its position in relation to the former. There is a ridge of high- 
 lands extending in a southerly direction and lying between the Mill Lake 
 
280 lllSTdUY OK ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 Uivor on tlic west luul llit> imiiii LuKiivi- Kivcr on I lit- ciist, iiiiil it is on 
 this ridgr tliiit th<< st'ttlt'iniuit is situiiti'il. It is iipproiuluMl by i\ roml 
 Itiiuiiri^ from tlio Nictuux iiiid Lunonhuix Uoiid, not fur north of (irinton's 
 f^niiit, fidui whicli, lifter priKcfdiiiL; ii couple of iniles in a soiitli ciiHlcrly 
 direction, the district is j^iiined, wiicn the road ptirHiicH a course nearly 
 duo south till it ayain meets the Nictaux and fAtnonhurj;. 
 
 The farms are ie;4ularly laid out to i>.\tend east and west, or neaily 
 HO, from the id;{hway, and contain one hundred acres each, with tiie 
 exception of a ^'rant of twejvi- hundred acres in <iiie Mock, to liieut.- 
 Col. (!. I'', 'i'hompson, t(»wai(i its southern extremity, which has in somo 
 degree interfered with the uniformity of more recent surveys. 
 
 The land is liere umisually ^'ood anil well suited to .li^iicidtui-al opera- 
 tions, and though mure or less lirokcn Wy granite liouhlcrs and d) kes, it 
 alt'oi'ds excellent pasturage and a considerable ipianiity ut' saluabic tillage 
 land. It is \\i II watered, and pro(hicesall the staple far in crops which c;in 
 he rniseil in other parts of the county. I"]v(!n apples aird plunrs ha\e licet, 
 gr'own in tlii'se rcmotit districts with ccjnsiderable success, though not, 
 pcihajis, ill siillicieiit (|uantities to supply liomo consumption. There can 
 bo but little rnorii for doubt that the centennial of these settlenierrts will 
 witness a very considc'rabh; change in their appc.i ranee, pojiulation and 
 l)rodut'tiori, and that the inhabitants of that per'iod will be able to 
 produce all the fruits ilrai may be rcvpiir-ed for their own use. 
 
 The names of th(! original grantees of this place ;u-e us follows : Lieu- 
 tenant OoIoikiI (!. F. Thoiiijisoii ; Sergeant liobert Sluddart, one of who.so 
 sons now lives on one of the lots gr'anted to him ; l"'id\\;ir-d .Marshall and 
 
 Marsh.'dl, .Abn'iis Swallow and a few others. ()f these, iIk; .Mar- 
 
 shalls are desccndi'd fr'om the old pr-e loyalist settlers of tht; .\niia,polis 
 valley. Sloddait was an original sijttlcr in Dalhousic, and his lots in 
 this jilace wei-e intended to be a provision for lii^' ;ons at some future 
 time; and Thompson's was a rew.ard for' milit.uv ser'\ices. The latter 
 properly has been improved' by a Mr-. Sproule, a descendarrt of one of the 
 old Massachusetts colonists, an<l is held by him in the (U'fault of the 
 appearaiici; of the heirs of Thompson to claim its possession. The 
 inhabitants of this settlement ar(^ (-(lually industrious, .sober, intolligent 
 and moral as tlieii' neighbours in tli(! sister settlements. Thi'y have a 
 school-house and maintain a school, an<l they worship in rh(^ churches of 
 Springfield, to the construction and maintenanci^ of which they have in 
 some degiec contributed. The name it bears was given in lionour of the 
 late Lord Falkland, sometime Governor of the Province, and it is very 
 freipiently called " Kalkland T'lidge." On the south-west sidc^ of Spr-ing- 
 field is a beautiful little lake, very appropriately named Lake Pleasant, 
 and a fine, though small settlement has l)een fonned there, called 
 
IIISTOIIV OV AN'NAI'OMS. '2H\ 
 
 I.AKK I'MIASAN'I'. 
 
 Till' siiiuitiiin iif tliis sftlliMin'Tit is very licuiitifiil iiulci'il. Tlu' load 
 I'liiitiiii;; lliri)ti<r|i it wiiuls iLJnn;^' tlii> Imii'<Ii'I's uf tlii' lukc, Imt in plno's is 
 t'loviitoil coiiHidi'iivlily iilxtvo its li'Vi'l, lliiis iitrurditii^ slij^htly ficviitiMl 
 positiiins fur till! (iwnlliiiijs of' tin- si'ttI»'i'H. Tim pioneer in llic umk <>t' 
 ciiilisiilinii lifTt' Wiis Mr. (!|i:uli's (Jriinilisun ImiiI, ii si»n nt' tlic Iiit<' 
 N('(lcl)i,ili i'.ciii, nt' .Mount lliinli'y, in W ilinui, iiml wiis, tlnri fmi', tlu' 
 )^riin<ls<in lit' line mI' ilir stiiisviirt imnii^'ninl.s from tlic nlij .Mii.Hsacini.sotfs 
 colony in I7t>0. This fiiniily for ilinc j^cnenitioriM liavn lici-n f.inuil fm 
 tlu) strrii,i,'tli, iKtivily iinii Imiilint ms of tlicii' phyNieiil stiuctur't', mul 
 (irandisun sliiirL'd in u ronsidcriilili' di'i^ri'c (iii.s idiosytuMasy <>f his 
 family. 
 
 Having' marricil a .Mi.ss HjiundeiH, a di'sci-ndiint of anotlu-r of tin' 
 prc^-Ii'valisi colonists, rvcn iiion' famed for their jihy.sieal prowess than 
 his arieestois were, he obtained a letter of ( )ct'iipation, in- a tjranl of a 
 hloeis of land I'estin}.; its eastern siiji- on tlie stream at the outlet of tin' 
 lake, \vher(( there was a ;,'ood mill [)riviU?!,'o and water power. II'' 
 iunnediately conimeneed elearin^; his lot, and Mon after erirlicj i 
 dwelling lions(' and saw-mill, a liai'n and other huildings. The Innd 
 proved to he of e.xcellent (piality, and reuaided his laliour.s with nhundanl 
 crops, and his saw mill pioviiij.; a sourco of pr<»fit, ho Noon found hinis(;lf 
 the pos.sessor of a comjiarative oompetcneo, and loni/ sm\i\t'd to be 
 calle<l the father of the si'tlN'ment. .Mexander and Th<imas (li'inton, 
 sonsof •lolm, I he pioneer of S|ir'ini,'lield. obtained Ljrants of one hundred 
 acres each, as did also Stephen .lell'erson u£ tht* same place, and Charles 
 I'ertanx, l']s(|,, (»f Nictaux. I''alls, reetuved a ^rant of two hundred aores. 
 All these lots, savt> that of liont, have ehanu'ed hamls and been mor(> f)r 
 less improved with success. i\moni,' those who now oceufiy tliein f 
 cannot refrain from noting the great iini)rovements nnide on the i^ertaux 
 lot by Sidney Saunders, I']s(|., a brother of ^[rs. I'ont. His neat and 
 artisticall}' constructed cottaj^e is equalled by few that have b(>en erected 
 in any part of the county, and his barns, stables and other outbuildings 
 bear witness to hi.s taste ami thrift. 
 
 Ai,'rioultnre is tlu; staple industry, but lumbering operations are 
 carried on durii^g the winter season with considerable; profit.. I'leasant 
 Lake has its -ciiool-house also; but its elo.so contiguity to the chief 
 settU'ment renders it unnecessary to laiild a chinch, ns they do not tlnd 
 it inconvenient to attend divine servici; there. This place is well watered 
 and abounds in gooil pasturage, and the tillage lands aio generally 
 productive and fairly well tilled. 
 
 The itdiabitants are in no respect liehind those of the neighbouring 
 districts in sobriet}', industry and moral uprightness. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY AT LARGE, CONTINUED. 
 
 By the Editor. 
 
 Roads and bridges — Mail communications and facilities for travel improving — War 
 of 1812 — Sundry events — Election of 1836 — Division of • the county — Politics 
 of the county — Besponsible government — J. W. Johnstone— The college 
 question — Recent politics — Appendix — W. H. Riy — Remarkable storms and 
 weather — Executions in the county — A sad event. 
 
 IN 1786 some persons in Annapolis and Haliiax proposed to open a 
 road from Annapolis to St. Margaret's Bay, and asked for a grant 
 to each of a lot half a mile wide and two miles long, that is, 640 acres, 
 and the enterprise was favourably considered by the Government. The 
 record of the Grand Jury during the closing years of the last, and the 
 early years of the present century, abound in appropriations of sums of 
 money, large for that day, as direct contributions from the taxpayers, 
 for the construction of road and bridges, now the familiar and indis- 
 pensable thoroughfares of the county. In 1786 it was voted thi t each 
 town make and repair its own bridges. In <.iat year £25 was voted for 
 Saw-mill Creek bridge. In April, 1787, a committee was appointed to 
 lay out a road "from Bear River to AUain's Creek." In 1792 a sum was 
 granted for " finishing the Bridge crossing the easterly part of Wilmot 
 and Nictavx." In April, 1793, ^£20 for "finishing and repairing the 
 bridge over Moose River " was voted, and £20 more in 1796. In 
 April, 1799, the Grand Jury nominated "three persons for commis- 
 sioners for building Windsor bridge,* viz., Capt. Douwe Ditmars, Mr. 
 John Rice, and Capt. Frederic Williams," and also nominated Robert 
 Fitzrandolph, Ambrose Haighu and Benjamin Dodge, Esquires, as " a 
 committee for the purpose of carrying on a subscription for promoting 
 said work." In 1800 a sum was voted to "layout a road from Bear 
 River bridge to Moose River bridge." In April term of the sessions in 
 1802, the Grand Jury approve of the manner in which £50 was "laid 
 out " by Joshua Dc St. Croix on the north side of Annapolis River ; 
 
 * In the Countj' of Hants, showing this county contributing to improving com- 
 munication with Halifax by a work far beyond its own boundary. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 283 
 
 X200 by Nathaniel Parker and John Ruggles "from Mrs. Dodge's to 
 Lovett's brook " ; and £oO in Wiimot by Tlioinas Woodbury and Jolin 
 Wiswell, jnn. In 1806, the expenditure of £2(l0 by John Ruggles ii\ 
 1801 on the " new road the south side of the Annapolis River lieginning a\. 
 the bridge near Mr. Dodge's and ending at Longley's," was similarly 
 approved. In September, 1808, the Grand Jury presented a sum of 
 money for laying out a road from the bridge mer the Annapolis River 
 (at liridgetown) to the main road, by tl»e Sheriff, William Winniett, Esq., 
 and a jury, and X51 to John Hicks for damages to his land crossed by 
 this road. 
 
 In Ap'il term, 1788, the sum of £8 was "allowed" by the Grand 
 J ury *' to erect a pair of stocks in each of the townships, Annapoli.s, 
 Granville, Wiimot and Digby — £2 each." 
 
 We have seen (page 159) that at an early date the mails were carried 
 to and from Halifax, partly on foot anfl partly on horseback, once a 
 fortnight. Murdoch tells us that in the summer of 1 786 a courier was 
 employed by the post-office to cany letters from Halifax to Annapolis 
 fortnightly. This was enlarged to a weekly service on horseback, in 
 1796, the mails closing at 5 p.m. on Mondays. On the 9th day of May, 
 1813, a weekly post was established between Halifax and Digby, the 
 Legislature granting a subsidy of J200 for the purpose. The House of 
 Assembly during the session of that year voted £200 as a subsidy for 
 the establishment of a weekly communication between Annapolis and 
 St. John, N.B. This sum was placed at the disposal of Thomas Ritchie 
 and John Warwick, Es(juires, to effect the object intended. 
 
 The first steamboat between Annapolis and St. John, N. B., crossed 
 the Bay of Fundy in 1826.* Her name was the St. John. On February 
 1 9th, 1828, a petition of John Ward and other proprietors of the steamer 
 St. John, praying for an annual grant to assist them in running her, was 
 presented to the Legislature of Nova Scotia by Mr. Haliburton, then the 
 member for the county. This boat finally became the property of Mr. 
 James Whitney, of St. John, a gentleman who had married an Annapolis 
 lady, a sister of the afterwards renowned General Williams. Mr. 
 Whitney's name became from that time identified with the early steam 
 navigation of the Bay of Fundy, but the public reaped the benefit of an 
 enterprise which failed to secure wealth to its deserving promoter. The 
 Henrietta, a boat of fifty horse-power, was placed on the route in 1831 ; 
 she was succeeded a few years later by the Maid of the Mist, which, in her 
 turn, gave way to the Nova Scotian, built in Annapolis County, and owned 
 by a joint stock company. 
 
 In 1828 a tri- weekly line of stage.s, carrying the mails, began run- 
 ning from Halifax to Annapolis, the first coach starting from Halifax 
 
 • The Acadian Magazine, July, 1826. Lawrence's " Footprints of St. John," p. 89. 
 
284 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 on June .h-d of that year. The service was daily from Halifax to 
 Windsor, and weekly from Annapolis to Digby. It seems to have 
 dropped to twice a week from Kentville about the year 1837, but from 
 1841 onward, the regular tri-weekly service continued without interrup- 
 tion. A subsidy of .£300 a year, for five years, was voted by the Legis- 
 lature ; reserving authority to the Governor to remit one trip per week. 
 The fares at first were £2 lOs. from Halifax to Annapolis, £1 7s. 6d. 
 from Kentville to Annapolis, and sixpence (ten cents) a mile for way 
 passengers. 
 
 In April, 1802, the Grand Jury "presented" the expense of a public 
 ferry being established across the Annapolis River opposite Job Pineo's 
 farra ; and in September, 1809, they recommended £20 toward building 
 a biidge at the same place. In April, 1807, the Grand Jury voted £20 
 for ■' building a compleat ferry boat for the use of Bear River Ferry." 
 The fir<«t bridge to supersede this ferry was commenced in 1864, and in 
 the autumn of 1865 was opened for traffic in presence of a large number 
 of people from both counties, who were addressed by Hon. Avard Longley, 
 M.P.P., William Hallet Ray, Esq., M.P.P., and others. It was built 
 wholly at the expense of the Provincial Government, and cost about 
 $26,000. 
 
 In 1808 Mr. Ritchie, member for Annapolis, introduced a bill to 
 regulate negro servitude within the Province. Although it passed its 
 second reading it never became law. During the same session Mr. 
 Warwick, member for the township of Digby, presented a petition from 
 John Taylor (Loyalist, Captain, and afterwards Colonel Taylor, ancestor 
 of the Taylors of Weymouth, Digby County), and from a number of other 
 proprietors of negro servants brought from the old provinces, stating that 
 owing to doubts entertained by the courts, such property was rendered 
 useless, the nr ;ro servants daily leaving their masters and setting them 
 at defiance, and praying a measure for " securing them their property or 
 indemnifj'ing them for its loss." Mention of slaves is quite frequent 
 in the records of the Grand Ju'-v prioi- to this year. 
 
 In 1811 there were fifty-one justices of the peace in the county; 
 although so long before the practice of appointing only partisans 
 demanded an enormous increase with every change of government. But 
 we must remember that the territorial extent of the county was very 
 large. 
 
 In 1812 war was declared against Great Britain by the United States. 
 In connection with this unhappy event, it is our duty to forever cherish 
 a grateful remembrance of the noble stand taken against it by the New 
 England people, -vho uttered strong and eloquent protests against the 
 declaration of war and any invasion of the provinces ; visiting those 
 whom they called the peaceful, and to them " unoffending " inhabitants 
 of British America with the horrors of war. When the news of the 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 286 
 
 declaration of war reached Boston all the vessels in the harbour immedi- 
 ately put their colours at half-mast except three, who were compelled to 
 do so by the populace. In consequence of this fraternal and worthy 
 feeling the Maritime Provinces were but little disturbed directly, but their 
 foreign trade, especially that with the West Indies, was, for the time, 
 broken up. The price of provisions, however, rose, helping the farmers 
 in this valley by increased remuneration for tlieir crops. Along the 
 Canadian frontier the war raged with great virulence, and the surviving 
 Loyalists and their sons, closely pursued by their old enemies into the 
 wilderness refuge to which they had betaken themselves, offered a brave 
 and bitter resistance to determined and powerful invaders. In this they 
 were gallantly assisted by their French-Canadian fellow-subjects, whose 
 incorruptible loyalty in the war of the revolution had saved Canada to 
 the Empire ; and the name of De Salaberry, the hero of Chateauguay, 
 will ever be illustrious in the history of British America. The wanton 
 destruction of Canadian towns and villages by American troops led to 
 severe reprisals by Great Britain in the most accessible southern States 
 after notice and warning to the American authorities; and the city of 
 Washington itself did not escjipe attack and partial destruction in 
 retaliation for the burning of " Little York," now Toronto, the capital of 
 Upper Canada. In the summer of 1812, an American privateer came 
 up the Bay of Fundy, and attempted a landing for predatory purposes at 
 Broad Cove, a few miles below Digby, and was driven off by the militia. 
 She returned in a few days, and a sharp skirmish ensued between her crew 
 and the militia, which resulted in the capture of her captain and a prize- 
 master, and their conveyance to Annapolis as prisoners of war. The rest 
 of her crew of twenty-eight men escaped. But although, except in this 
 instance, our soil was not invaded, our people suffered in their commercial 
 interests from the depredations of American privateers ; and the forcing of 
 their industry into new channels resulted in a reaction at the close of the 
 war that caused very serious commercial and industrial depression. The 
 following petition for " letters of marque and reprisal " was forwarded to 
 Sir John Cope Sherbrooke, the Governor, in July, 1813 : 
 
 "The petition of Phinehas Lovett, Junior, Esq., of Annapolis, humbly showeth : 
 That your petitioner is the sole owner of the scliooner called the Brooke, for 
 which he is desirous of obtaining Letters of marque ami reprisal against the ships, 
 vessels, and goods, wares and merchandize belonging to the citizens of the United 
 States of America. That the said schooner is of the burthen of fifty-two tons or 
 thereabouts ; that she is to carry five guns, to wit, one long gun, carrying shot of 
 nine pounds' weight, and two carronades carrying shot of nine pounds' weight, and 
 two carronades carrying shot of twelve pounds' weight, with several swivels and 
 musquets. That she is to be in fined with a crew of thirty-five men, and that Daniel 
 Wade (or William Smith) is to go Master. That she is to receive on board pro- 
 visions sufficient for the said crew for months. 
 
 " (Signed), Phineas Lovett, Jcn. 
 " Dated Halifax, July 2nd, 1813." 
 
28(i HISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 The prayer <>f tlie petition was granted Ijy Sir Jolin, and the com- 
 mission hore date 27tli September. T have not been able to trace the 
 history of the doings of this vessel. A privateer Ijuilt in Wihnot by 
 Charles Dodge and three sons of John (Jates, was captured by tlie 
 enemy on her way to Halifa.v for her armament. Peace was concluded 
 in Decembt'i', 181'), after four years of sanguinary strife, as fruitless, 
 except in bloodslied and bitterness, as it was uncalled for and unnec- 
 essary. Not one of the subjects wliich formed the grounds for the 
 declaration oi war was mentioned in the treaty of peace. 
 
 The summei' and autunui C)f 181.") were marked by a profligious 
 invasion of mice.* The numbers of these vermin were truly wonderful. 
 Nothing like it was ever seen before or since in the histoiy of the 
 province oi' county. The destruction they caused to crops was such as to 
 threaten a famine throughout the valley. The grain and grass suft'ered 
 greatly from their inroads, and they swarmed in the barns, out-houses 
 and dwellings of the inhabitants to such a degree that traj)s and cats 
 seemed alike powerless to lessen their numbers or to abate their raviges 
 to any appreciable degree. Tlie crops also suffered nmch from drought 
 in the years 181G and 1817. The year 1817 was remarkable for three 
 earthtiuake shocks, about sunrise of May 22nd, of a severity unusual in 
 this part of the globe. They were felt all ovei' the county, particularly 
 at Digl)y, where houses were shaken, anil the people much alarmed. 
 
 At the General Sessions for November term, 18.3."), £50 was voted to 
 repair the county jail, but before it could be expended the whole building 
 was destroyed by fire, and in the ensuing session the same amount, with 
 ,£4.50 additional, was approi)riated toward building a new court-house and 
 jail, which Mr. Francis Lecain contracted to build. Pending its erection 
 the necessary courts were held in the new Catholic chapel, the County 
 Academy, and vacant stores. 
 
 In November, 1830, theie was a general election which, in this county, 
 turned on the long-vexed (juestion of the division of the county. The 
 people of the extreme ends of the county were, of cour.se, the most 
 desirous of a division, while those of the town of Annapolis and vicinity 
 were naturally reluctant to adopt a measure that might deprive them of 
 the advantages pertaining to the residents of a .shire town, and even in 
 Digby there was no little apprehension that Weymouth might be selected 
 as the sh.ire town of the new countj', which to the people of Digby would 
 be less convenient than the existing arrangement. William Holland 
 was brought forward by the people of Wilraot to run in conjunction with 
 Frederic A. Robicheau, of Clare, who would naturally command the 
 support of the Acadian French in the extreme west. The electors of the 
 
 •See Piittetson's "History of Pictoii Coutity" for an account of tills strange 
 phenomenon in the eastern part of the Province. 
 
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HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 287 
 
 central portions of the county supported John W. Ritchie, of Annapolis, 
 then a rising young barrister, afterwards Solicitor-General and Judge in 
 K([uity, and William H. Roat';, the favorite in Dighy, who had for some 
 years been a popular nieml)er, and a prominent and influential man in 
 parliament, but who prol)ably had lost some of his local influence by his 
 removal to Halifax. James R. Lovett also ran independently. The 
 polling lasted a fortnight and was marked by a good deal of excitement 
 and considerable expense. The east and west combined prevailed over 
 the strength of the central districts, and Messrs. Holland and Robicheau* 
 were elected. In the township of Annapolis Elnathan Whitman was 
 returned by a small majority over Joseph Fitzrandolph, who was after- 
 wards appointed to the Legislative Council on its reconstruction in 1837 
 as a distinct body from the Executive. Hitherto the old Council had 
 exercised both legislative and executive functions, and sat with closed 
 doors, a system which the country had gradually outgrown. Through 
 the effiurts of Mr. Howe and his associates in parliament, a change was 
 made and respon.sible government introduced. While we condemn the 
 old system and the abuses to which it was subject, we must not without 
 discrimination condemn the men who administered it. They, as a rule, 
 if not universally, submitted gracefully to the new state of things, and 
 most, if not all, of the members of the old council of twelve at the time 
 of the change, were men who deserved well of the country for their 
 wisdom and patriotism in legislation and council. It would be as reason- 
 able to condemn popular government because occasionally a tyrannous 
 majority wields its power unjustly to its opponents, or unwisely in respect 
 to the public interests, or because now and then a worthy man fails to 
 secure the influence and position to which he is entitled. Mr. Fitz- 
 randolph resigned his seat after one session. The members of the 
 Legislative Council then received no pay or indemnity, the position being 
 deemed an honorary one, and hence it was .sometimes diflicult to get 
 country gentlemen to hold seats in it. The new Assembly met on the 
 last day of January, 1837, and during the session passed an Act to 
 divide the county, much to the satisfaction of the great body of the 
 people. Bear River for about four miles from its mouth was made the 
 boundary line between the two counties, and this had the efiect of 
 throwing the shire town into the western part of the county so far as to 
 leave the distance to the extreme western line but thirteen miles, or 
 thereabouts, while to the eastern and south-eastern boundaries it exceeded 
 forty. Hence an inevitable struggle commenced, and petitions were 
 promptly set on foot and forwarded to the Legislature, praying that 
 Bridgetown might be made the shire town, and counter-petitions praying 
 
 * Mr. Ritchie always complained that the French of Clare did not keep faith 
 with him at that election. 
 
288 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 that no oliange he made. Five hundred and twenty-five persunu signed 
 the petitions in favour of the change, and eight hundred and thirty-one 
 against it. The (juestion was temporarily decided in favour of Annapolis, 
 but the residents in the eastern section, especially those of the thriving 
 and enterprising village of Bridgetown, were not satisfied ; until at length, 
 in the year J 869, an Act was passed requiring the terms of the Hupreme 
 Court to r.iternate between the two towns. Jiy virtue of this Act the 
 spring term of 1870 and every spring term since has been held at 
 Bridgetown, and the autumn term at Annapolis ; and the practice has 
 been instituted of dividing the important county offices, such as those of 
 Sheriff, Registrar of Deeds and Prothonotary of the Courts, between 
 the rival places. Thus, since 1870, it may be said that the County of 
 Annapolis has hr.d two shire towns, Annapolis Royal and Bridgetown. 
 
 The division of the county at the line adopted involved the division 
 of the township of Clements, and that portion of the latter which was 
 within the limits of the new County of DigVjj', was thenceforth known as 
 the township of Hillsburgh. Previous to the division there were two 
 offices for the registry of the deeds in the county — one at Digby, in 
 which all deeds relating to real estate as far east as the eastern line of 
 the township of Clements, were recorded ; the other at Annapolis where 
 transactions were recorded respecting lands situate eastward of the west 
 line of Annapolis township. A knowledge of this fact is necessary to 
 anyone searching an ancient title to land situate anywhere in the old 
 township of Clements, east of Bear River. The area of the county, 
 after Digby was set ott', was 837,000 acres, or 1,308 square miles. 
 
 The movement for the concession of what is known as " responsible 
 government " was at the time of the division of the county in progress 
 throughout British America. The days when Loyalists and worthy mag- 
 istrates like Elisha Budd, of Digby, and Moses Shaw, of Granville, were 
 ordered to explain, or forfeit their commissions for presuming to sign a 
 petition praying that the dismissal of a public officer without a hearing be 
 reconsidered, were happily drawing to a close.* In Nova Scotia the Reform 
 movement was under the powerful leadership of Joseph Howe. He was a 
 Loyalist of Loyalists, by birth, training and sentiment, and thoroughly 
 devoted to the traditions of the Empire, as well as the interests of his 
 country. But unfortunately some of his public utterances during his 
 differences with the Lieutenant-Governor, Lord Falkland, and even in 
 more mature years and with riper experience, on exciting occasions when 
 his feelings were aroused, suggested imputations to the contrary which 
 were far from being true. It was but natural that the proposal to infuse 
 
 *See Murdoch, Vol. III., p. 264. The office of Provincial Naval Officer was 
 certainly an Imperial one, but it is hard to conceive how Buch a petition could be 
 deenietl disloyal, or inconsistent with the magisterial office. 
 
Hon. Jamks W. Johnstom;, 
 
 LientenantOovf.mor elect of Soca ScoHn. 
 
MISTOHY OK ANNAI'OIJS. 28?) 
 
 tlu! principles of (Ifiiiiivriicy into tlio iiistitutioiiH of t\w Province hIiouUI 
 nioot with l**H.s fiivour anuin^ tlio lioyiiliHtN, tmii chiidrtMi of fjoyaliHtH, who 
 had MutVcnMl from the uncontrolled fury of a populace from whom they 
 had tho misfortunn to diflPi-r, and dt'plorwl tli« diHnicmlHfrment of the 
 Einpirn brou^'ht alx>ut liy ]M)pular agitation in th(* colonies which had 
 once atrorded them free, hap)>y and prosperous homes, than among the 
 more numerous class who inherited the feelings of the earlier settlers 
 fnmi Now Kngland. And a community of Baptists, wiiose church polity 
 is congregational and deniocrati(% would be more likelv to favour such a 
 change; than thost; accustomed to the Kpiscopal or Presbyterian form of 
 church government. As a rule this distinction was fairly exemplified in 
 tho County of Annapolis, and Mr. Howe was supported by a good 
 majority of its people, represented in the Assen>bly by Hamuel Bishop 
 Chipman for the county, Henry Gates for the township of Annapolis, 
 and James Delap for the township of (Jranville. It must not be for- 
 gotten that Mr. Haliburton, when he represented this county as early as 
 IH'JO, ten years Iwfore Mr. Howe entered the Legislature, advocate<i the 
 <Jistribution of the e.xecutive and legislative functions of the Council to 
 two separate lH)dies, and Mr. W. H. Iloach, another of our members, was 
 clamorous for reform long before the days of Howe. Mr. Howe's 
 later rival in the political ai'ena. Honorable James W. Johnstone, mean- 
 while held a seat in the Legislative Council, to which, as one of the ablest 
 lawyers and most accomplished men of his day in tho Province, he had 
 been called with the otlice of Holici tor-General in 1834, before the 
 separation of the executive and legislative functions of that House. 
 Perhaps I ought to say that in 1834 he, was the ablest lawyer and most 
 accomplished public man of that day in the Province. I have never heard 
 or read anything to show that he ever took a stand against the concession 
 of responsible government to Nova Scotia. His only public utterance on 
 the subject which has to my knowledge been preserved is quoted in his 
 memoir in another part of this book. He was in the period immediately 
 pi-eceding that change engaged in the active practice of his profession, and 
 the practical duties of his office. The principle was at length accepted 
 and recognized as part of the constitution of the Province, and Mr. 
 Johnstone accepted the office of Attorney-(»eneral with a seat in the first 
 Cabinet that signalized its assumption of executive authority by acknow- 
 ledging through its members in the two branches of the Legislature, its 
 responsibility to the people speaking through a majority in the popular 
 branch. It was a coalition government in which the Hon. Joseph Howe, 
 Hon. James B. Uniacke and Hon. James McNab, represented the 
 Reform party, but in which sat a majority who had theretofore opposed 
 their views ; all of whom, however, were prepared to resign and give way 
 to another Council, when they failed to command the confidence of the 
 19 
 
2!>l) HISToltV OK ANNAIMH.IS. 
 
 HiiUH« of Assomhly. Hut a ilit1Vri>iice iinmH IwtwiH'ii Mr. •lolinstuiu* and 
 Mr. HowtMtn the i|ut>Htioii ofdtMioiniiiatioiial cullr^cs, Mr. JulniHtorio Imiii^ 
 wiiriiily attaelK^d t<> tlu< |)riM('i|il*> of religious rduciitioii, iind desirous tliiit 
 the Baptint institutiittiN then lately founded at Wolfville, should reeeive 
 the State aid, without which, as it then Heenied, they must languish, and 
 fail to perform the pious ohjecfs of their t'ounih-rs. The strength, the 
 respeotahility, the social and religious intluence of the ilaptist Iwxly in the 
 Province, seemed to him Ixiund up with the s<hiM>land college at Wolfville. 
 The Church of Kngland College at Windsor had received large grants 
 from the public treasury for some years before its pr-ivileges were open to 
 DLssenters. Dalhousio College had in the meantime l)een founded under 
 the patronage <»f the nobleman of that name, who was Oovernor of the 
 Province, ostensibly as an institution that was to be altogether non- 
 Nectariaii ; und it was the policy of Mr. Howe and his followers to make 
 it a general university for the whole province, and to withhold public 
 encouragement and support from any new one. The Itaptist iKKly, in their 
 efibrts to secure .State aid to their institutions, .seemed to receive from 
 the Presbyterian friends of Dalhousie, vcM'y nmch tlie same obstruction 
 whicii the Presbyterians themsehes complained of, at the hands of the 
 prominent members of the Church of England, in the infant days of the 
 Presbyterian College at Pictou, after the disabilities of I)i8.senters at 
 King's had l)een removed. In conseijuence of this policy the Baptists 
 had very great diHicuity even in getting their charter from tlie Legis- 
 ture ; and no doubt through the intluence of Lord Dalhousie, who, when 
 in the Province, was a warm promoter of the idea of a single central 
 university, or of some on this .side favourable to Dalhousie College, 
 they failed to obtain the assent of Her Majesty to the name which 
 they proposed to give it, "Queen's College." Another shock was given 
 to the Baptists by the refu.sal of the governing Ixxly of Dalhousie to 
 appoint: their most gifted and able scholar, Dr. Crawley, to its classical 
 chair, u position for which he wa.: eminently qualified. This create<l the 
 impre.ssion that althovgh Dalhousie was to be non-sectarian in name, it 
 was to be practically Presbyterian in its spirit and influences, or at least 
 that no Baptist need apply for any part in its management.* Another 
 difficulty arose between Mr. Johnstone and his colleagues about the 
 filling up of a vacancy in the executive and legislative councils. Mr. 
 Johnstone proposed his brother-in-law, Mr. M. B. Almon, a leading mer- 
 chant of Halifax, and an able man. Mr. Howe opposed this appointment 
 foi' several reasons, one being the unfair preponderance it would give to 
 the old conservative element in the Cabinet. I»rd Falkland took the 
 
 *0f course, I am not making any reflection on the preneiU claims of Dalhoimie to 
 the contidence of Xova Scotians of all denominations. I uiii seeking to throw light 
 on u controversy long closed, hut which once profoundly agitated this county and 
 province. 
 
HINToHY 0¥ ANNAPOU8. 291 
 
 wlvico of Mr. Jolinstont>, luiil MnNNrn. M<)wt>, Uniiirk» and McNult iit 
 oiu'tt icsi^iK'd tliiMr HtNitH ill tilt) CiiliiriHt iirid urKiitii/.<*<i ii nmidutt* iirid 
 d«!t(>rMiini>d (ippoHitioti to tlit'ir liit«> e(>llt!iigu<>H, in i\ui I(ouh<> of AHHt^mlily 
 And througluKit tli<> country, wliicli wivh h<m>ii tlio Nct^iitt of gntut [Militicul 
 nxcitninont through iU htiigth iind hntmlth. Mr. Johtistone, thn lM)tt«r t«> 
 IhiuI hJH party and publicly to «>xpouiid and dof»Mid tho intcn^Htn of hiH 
 diMioininittion .so involved in tlix ihhuv, losigniHl his H«'at in the Tin)^iNlativ(t 
 Counciil and sought on«) in th«' lowi-r Housh ; and tho County of Annapolis, 
 which had l>een his home in earlit'r days, was the constituoney to which 
 he preHented himself. He was supported by the majority, but oppoHed 
 by a determined minority of his brethren of the Baptist denomination in 
 the county, was elected at a general election in 1843 by a large majority 
 over Mr. Chipinan, the former memlxT, carried with him two supporters 
 for the townships of Annapolis and (Jranville, and directed the adminis- 
 tration of affairs with a good {)arliamentary majority for the next four 
 years. During this peritnl he had the opportunity of intrtxlucing and 
 carrying into effect the substantial and practical reform known as the 
 " Hiinultaneous Polling Act," by which the entire election is held in one 
 day all over the Province. For this purpose the county was divided into 
 I)olling districts which, as population increased, formed very convenient 
 municipal divisions, superseditig for all practical purposes the old divi- 
 sion into townships. These districts remained substantially "•"'Ijanged 
 until the intro<iuction of local self-government through county councils 
 elected by the people -a measure introduced and carried by another Con- 
 servative Government, of which the Hon. Wm. B. Troop, a representative 
 of this county, was a meml)er, in 1879. Here T may note that the repre- 
 sentatives of this county were always at the front in every parliamentary 
 movement for genuine leform. 
 
 Mr. Johnstone's second term of oilice saw the settlement of the long- 
 vexed " mines and minerals " (juestion, and the equali/tiiion of the franchise 
 by the abolition of township representation. In the sunshine of power, 
 or in the shadow of parliamentary defeat, the county gave him an emphatic 
 and steady support during his twenty years of active and eminently useful 
 public life. The recent steps toward erecting a monument in honor of his 
 younger, brilliant and more successful rival are to be commended ; but the 
 people of the County of Annapolis owe it to themselves to see that the 
 memory of their distinguished and venerated representative, whose prac- 
 tical sagacity and unselfish patriotism conferred such substantial benefits 
 upon the Province, is not neglected in this particular. New issues were 
 beginning to engage the minds of the people as Mr. Johnstone passed 
 from the stage. He was succeeded by Wm. Hallet Ray, Esq., of Clem- 
 entsport, who had been twice his antagonist at previous elections, and 
 afterwards represented the county in the first three parliaments of the 
 
202 IIIHTrmV OK ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 Doiniiiiori. Ah )»irtiuH havo lionn rMir^ani/«-(l h'hu:*: t.lit^ ('orifcdttration of 
 l\w I'rovinccH, iifirl i]i<- ru!W jMoldcins '\iic'\(h-iii In HUrU a cliaiij^o in our 
 cdiiditiori and rf^lationn liaK (liHH(*lv<-<l old coniliinalions and called rif^w 
 omtH into fixiHicncf, t.hc county haH ^'i\(!n its support to tli*! " LilHtral" 
 (tar'ty, <!xc<-|it in tlin (jocal l.<!;;islatiir<^ from iK74 to IHK2 and in tlin 
 Dominion 1'arliann^nt from IK7H to IHH'J, and aj^ain from \HHi\ to tlr«f 
 (inmnnl time, Mr. MillH, the proHi-nt riK-rrdicr', liavin;< \tvA'.n r«!turnf'd 
 tlir'<!<! timf.H witli incritaHi-d majoriticH at (tacli <;l«!(;tiori. Mcantimt; lion. 
 .1. WiH)<'rfor<;«) [ionnit^y liaw l)i'<!n continuoiiMly <!l»'<!tfd Hin<:«! 1M82 to th«! 
 Ijocal l/^ginlatun', af^ain asHoc^iating tli<t ollicc of Attor'ni^y-fiuneral with 
 till' r<ipr(!H«!ntation of tlic coirnty. 
 
 AI'PKNIMX TO CHAPTKIl XVf. 
 
 William llalh-t Kay rn«!ntioncd in tin; pr«!e<!din>< }»a(^r"s waH in liiHacjtivo 
 political days ono of tlin iiioHt cnt-rj^^ctic, as In; Htill in orx! of tlic rri<»Ht 
 po|)ular [inhiic; men of tlic county. Horn .May 25, 1 825, he is a son of 
 tli(! late William FiOUtret Hay, who wa.s Worn at l^ighy, .lime 10, I7H], 
 and married May 10, IH20, Mary .Maplalen DitmarH, of (JlementH. The 
 fathfir of W, L. Hay was Robert Hay, l)orn in the jjarish of Diinaeh More, 
 County of Donegal, Ireland, June 10, ITIt, an<l married March 27, 1781, 
 Hachel Kay. Having emigrated to Ixmg Island, New York, liR removefl 
 f-o Nova Hcotia with the r./<)yaliHtH, arifl sr^ttled near' Dighy. He was also 
 father of Charles Kay, who fought under Nelson at Trafalgar-, and wlut was 
 his eldest son, and <»f .laums II. and Daniel, and of KoIhtI anfl (lilhert T. 
 Kay, long very [)r'ominent hiisiness men of St. .'olm, N. 15., thtt latter one of 
 the large and wealthy .sail-manufacturing (Irm of " lOaton iV Kay." One 
 daughUir, Margaret, married a .Mr. Jlawes, and was an authoress, and 
 another', Kachel, married a Mr-. Mallet, of Ntfv Vork. 
 
 •Mr-. Kay at th(! age of twel\e went to his uncle, .lanms II. Hay, a 
 physiiHan and apfitliecar'y of New York, arr«l ntrnained with him nine 
 years, hut not caring to embrace that <;alling, he niturned to Nova Hcotia, 
 settled in ('lem<^ntsport and (engaged in merchandise and farming: married 
 1 8 IK, Henrietta, daught«!r of Fsiuic Ditrnars, f»f Clemcsnts ; and very early 
 t«Mik a strong and a<!tive jiart in tlie politi<!s of the county. Failing hy 225 
 vote.s to defeat Mr. .lohnstone in |K(>.'{, on the retirement of the latter in 
 I8r)4, he was ele<;ted hy 2.'12 majority over (iranville K. Keed, Kh<|., and 
 sworn in as a mfirnlMM' of the Provincial Parliament, February 9, 1805. 
 Further information as to dates arrd periofls of Jiis public service as 
 inerrilH^r, magistrate aiifJ custos, and of his appointment t,o his [iresent 
 seat in tin; Legislative (Jouncil will be found in the appropriate places 
 elsewhere. He is also Licut.-Colonel Ist Battalion, Annapf.'lia County 
 militia. 
 
 In Jun(!, 1797, a terrific thunder-stonii passed over the valley destroy- 
 ing buildings at Hridgittown and (ilranvilie Ferry. A similar storm 
 {)asHi!d ove,r tli«) valley on June 15, 1802, destrv)ying many tre«!H, and 
 •njuring and destroying buildingH. 
 
HIHTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 293 
 
 Alioiit (lie year |HM> or a yt-ur or ho Inter, a Hiiddtm ifiih^ like a lorriailo 
 a('('orii[iafii»'<l liy hail and tliiiiirlcr swept, tliiiiii^li tlif^ (country frr>m I.Ih) 
 wcstwarrl, ilciiioliHliin^? l»iiildin^,'H and uprooting,' trccH. The year JHDr) 
 w>iH made riictnoraltit- Ity a rciiiarkaliie eyelori); wlii(;|i, on \hc afl4^rti<Hin 
 of Sunday, Aiit,'iiHt. .'ird, at. (1 p.m., Huddciily Mtruck t.lie county a mile 
 wcKt, (<f 1'ani.disc and t.liren mili-H caHt of Itridf^etown, ofi tlie n<»rt,li Hide of 
 the Aniwipoli.H lljver, (completely wrecking tlu^ valiiahle farm of hariiel 
 iMi'H.sen^er, and partially that, of lOdj^ar Heiil, ; t.earinj^ up hy the root.s 
 larf^e oakH and lai'ryin^ them a flJHt.ance. ILh traek was ori(^ hundred 
 yardH wiile an«i six miles iori)^, moving in a nort.h ea.st.erly direction. 
 About, three or four yearn previouHly a Himilar ctyclone, hut. much tuir'rower 
 in itH track and Hhort.er in it.s (rareer, Iwwl struck the country near 
 lielleiHle, hut. did iriuch l(;s.s dama;^'e than the one junt, mentioned. 
 
 In the winter- f.f |KK7 H the river* was so frozen that a larj^e st.eamer 
 in the morrtJi of •Itirinar'y di.schar^ed a carj^o of coal, and was loadeil with 
 ap|i!e.s orr the ice four miles lielow the towir. 'I'luc ice was sevenleeir 
 irnJies thick. No account, can he traced of arrythirrj( of the kiird happen 
 irrj{ hefore, ('xcM^pt that in I 7H() an ice hr'idt(e a<!r'oss the r'iver' r'eHist.ed the 
 action of the tide so that per'sorrs (MHild vrimH and r'e<'r'oss to and fr'om 
 ♦ irarrville for three days. In \H'.\H an icte hrid^e formed errahlin^ persfins 
 to cr-oss t,o and from <»rarivil!e, hut the, returning tifle hroke it up hefore. 
 they (;ould grit hack. 
 
 Irr I7H.'5 a coloirr-ed rium riamerl I'll I is and his wife w(>re, wwl to nOatc, 
 excfMrted at Anrrapolis. They had takrin refirgi- irr a harn near the site, 
 of the .skatirrg rirrk, and setting it, orr lire, caus(-d its destrrrctiorr with its 
 contfiiitH, arrd wr-i-e found grriity liy a jury of the cririrr! of ar-sorr, and 
 harrgrul on Hog Islarrd. In l7Ht a (coloured rrrarr narrred ISoirce was 
 exe(Mit4'd, I do rrot krrow for' what oU'ence. 
 
 The exe(cirtiorr of (ir'eK<»r'y arrd the. cirvMrrrrstarrces of Iris crime have 
 lieen giverr irr Chajit^'r XV. It, icimairrs to merrtion two others that have 
 occrrrr'ed sirrce. Irr IKO.'S, one Nortorr, livirrg rrear Hridgetown, rrrrrrdered 
 his wife hy r'cpeat,e(| doses of arserric ile harl soirre Africarr and, it was 
 said, some Indifirr hlood irr his '.'eins, hut, worrld pr'ohahiy pa.ss for a white 
 marr. Me was of not irrKcomely a|)peararrce, arrd wris air (jxhorter at 
 religious nieetirrgs of coloir!'e<l people. Kallirrg irr love with a wtiit.egirl at 
 servi(r(c irr l>ridget.owrr, irr or'der to |iut himself irr ir, position to rrrar'r'y 
 her, he corrceiverl arrd pcrsisterrtly carried orrt the crirrre. \\>' was tried 
 aird corrvicted at thr? ()(;toher- teirrr <»f the Sirprerrr*! (Jorrrt, |H<).'{, and 
 exectrt.ed at I log Islarrd the errsirirrg rrrorrtlr. 
 
 •lot! Nick Teho, as he was familiarly (willed, the next vict,irrr of the law, 
 w(r,s the sorr of one Nichol(r,s Thihault {phorret,i(cally .sjx'lt hy the I'lrrglish 
 Teho) hy an Knglish sp(!(r,king wife, prohatdy of Lurrenhurg f lernran 
 des(retrt. Although he Iwigar) life very poor-, arrd with rro edtr<-atiorr 
 iK-yorrii the. rirere (wij.Hcit.y to writ*! his rranre, he was a ver-y shniwd, irrtel 
 lig(!rrt rirarr, arrd hy skilfrri (wrt.tle tradirrg aird siiirilar Hp(*(Mrlations he had, 
 while, yet yorrrrg, accurrrulated .sorrrt; <Mght thousarrd dollat-s and owtred a 
 good farrir at North Harrgr^, rrear tlrf^ corrrer of i\u'. " Krerrch lloiul," 
 HO called. Il(! Iiiwl oorrti-act^'d with the overseers of tire poor of tim town- 
 shijr of WeymoutI' to provido for wrtaiir jxiupcrH fur u pericxi, and liivl 
 
294 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 hirwl a j^irl naiiu'd Hill as a Hcrvaiit to assist his wife in waitiiifj; on 
 them. This yirl was one of ten illej^tiniate cliildren of a wretched 
 mother, and although only about twenty-four years old, had become 
 far advanced in the same abandoned career, being already the mother 
 of four. After she hiwi been in Tebo's service for a wliile, it must 
 have become evident that she was likely to, before long, give birth to a 
 fifth. As Tebo made iu> public confession, it is doubtful what considerati(m 
 directly moved him to commit the crime ; but it was (me of these three 
 circumstances : Either he or one of his sons was responsible for the 
 woman's condition ; or hv wished to put an end to what promised to be 
 an often-recui'ring charge upon the taxpayers ; or his contract may have 
 re<juired him to indenmify the overseers for all that they might he liable 
 for during its term, and he merely wished to escape payment under it of 
 the paltry expenses of the woman's lying-in. The first=named seemed 
 most likely to be the real motive. This would liken the case very much 
 to that of Munro, wlio was executed in St. John, in 1?<G9, for the 
 murder of a woman under similar circumstances. Probably pretending 
 that he was coineying her to some new place of service, or care, he drove 
 up to this county very early in the morning by a back I'oad, to the Liver- 
 pool Koad, and along this rt)ad to a by-n)ad leswling to a meadow near 
 Lake View. Fi'om this by-road (leaving the vehicle by the fence) he c<m- 
 ducted her into a little grove of spruces, and there crushed in her hetid 
 with a large stone, after which he piled some brush around tlie body 
 and set fii-e to it. As he was returning by the by-road, lie was met by 
 two ox-ttmms, the (h'iver of which, seeing the smoke, went into the 
 bushes to extinguish the fire lest it might spread and do mischi(if, sup- 
 posing it to have been accidentally set, and to his liorror discovered the 
 crime. Tebo was soon identified as the man met coming from the locality, 
 was arrested, tried before Judge Weatherbe at a special term oi the 
 Supreme Court held at Annapolis on the last Tuesday of November, 
 18?<0, c<mvicted, and executed in the precincts of the jail on the 8th day 
 of February following. 
 
 In 1887 a sad event occurred in the county. Two boys aged 17 and 
 15, sons of Edward Armstrong, a well-known and esteemed citizen of 
 Digby, in a spirit of premature iiKlep(»ndence, started from home on the 
 night of Sun(lay, April 24th, leaving a note saying they were going away 
 to earn their own living. Reaching Annapolis, they walked on the rail- 
 road track to Round Hill, and there, resuming the highway, and seeing 
 a carriage coming, which they rightly judged was in pursuit, but unseen 
 by its occupant, they betook them.selves to the Vjelt of wt)odland to the 
 st)uthward, apparently aiming at the Dalhousie Roful, which they had 
 perhaps seen traces of from points at a distance. The swamps, over- 
 flowe<l at that season, barrerl their progress southwardly, and they soon 
 got lost. After wandering about until Thursday, the youngest died from 
 cold, fatigue, and hunger ; but the elder succeeded in reaching a spot 
 where he managed to attract the notice of a dweller beyond a lake, and 
 was rescued. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 RELIGION AND THE CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY. 
 
 By the. Editor. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC. 
 
 THE Author has remarked i.liat Port Royal was the scene of the 
 first introduction of Christianity into the northern part of tlie 
 Continent. This occurred eleven years before the arrival of the first 
 priest at Quebec. IJut in point of organization as a parish, Port Royal 
 was the second in Canada. Here we cannot but be struck by the greater 
 success that crowned the early efforts of the French to evangelize the 
 Indians, as compared with their English rivals. The policy of the 
 Puritans was to convert the Indians if they were willing to be converted, 
 otherwise to smite them as Israel smote the heathen who barred their 
 way to the promised land ; and in the event of a war with any tribe, the 
 converted or " praying " Indians, as they were called, became at once 
 objects of suspicion and victims of cruelty.* Nor were the efforts of the 
 Puritans strong or systematic, or marked by any of the spirit of self- 
 sacrifice that not only distinguished, but made immortal the French 
 missionaries to Acadia and Canada. Eliot, the apostle to the Indians of 
 Massachusetts, L-nd Thomas Tapper (a lineal ancestor of Sir Charles 
 
 * They were arrested, chained two and two, taken from their homes, and im- 
 prisoned. Anawani, wlio commanded in King Philip's place after the latter had fallen 
 in the war, surrendered to Captain Church, on a promise of kind treatment ; yet in 
 spite of the prayers and entreaties of Church, lie was beheaded by the Government 
 at Plymouth. But did not Samuel hew Agag in pieces ? Captain Mosely captured 
 an Indian woman, and after getting information from her, ordered her to be torn to 
 pieces by dogs; and he says, "She was soe dealt withal." But did not dogs eat 
 the flesh of Jezeliel? The discussions of tlie Puritan Divines as to the propriety 
 of putting Philip's son to death, show how little the principle of Christian love 
 animated them, and how unfit they were to convert the savages to Christianity. 
 (See Thaoher's " History of Plymouth," pp. 395, 396. " New England Hist. (ienl. 
 Register," Vol. XXXVII., p. 180.) Of all Protestants, the Quakers seem to have 
 accomplished the best results among the Indians. (See " Savery Genealogy," p. l")!) 
 et seq.) In Nova Scotia, depredations by pirates, or other lawless Knglish, often 
 brought cruel retribution on innocent people. But this is the case wherever Engllsli 
 people come into contact with savages. Witness the murder of Bishop Patteson in 
 Melanesia in 1871. The Indians' methods in warfare were the most horrible found 
 in the history of the human race, but reprisals did not mitigate them, while a 
 contrary cour.se was often known to do so. (Hannay, p. 238.) 
 
296 mSTOKY OF annapolis. 
 
 Tupper, and in 1675 of Sandwich, in Plymouth colony), who, although not 
 a minister, instructed a congregation of 180, stand out in honorable relief, 
 in this connection, among the early fathers of New England. But, as a 
 rule, Parkman's remark is as sound as it is sententious : " Spanish 
 civilization crushed the Indian; English civilization scorned and neglected 
 him ; French civilization embraced and cherished him."* When the 
 French liad once formed an alliance with an Indian tribe, it was rarely 
 dissolved. From the days of Membertou the Micmacs of Nova Scotia 
 have been touchingly true and loyal to the faith delivered to their fore- 
 fathers by Flesche, Biard, Masse and Duthet. Among my earliest 
 recollections are the large. groups of Indians plodding their way from 
 their reservation at Bear River or their camps in the woods, along the 
 St. Mary's Bay road, on the eve of the Feast of St. Anne, to receive at 
 Church Point, Clare, the blessing of the good Abbe Sigogne. In later 
 years there has been a church on the reservation, served by the cure at 
 Annapolis. Masse, after the destruction of Poutrincourt's settlement, 
 laboured in Quebec, where a monument has been ». ' ed to his memory. 
 Among the most notable priests in this part of the Province were Louis 
 Petit, who was missionary to the Indians and parish priest at Port 
 Royal in 1670; Rev. M. Mandoux in 1690, and Rev. M. Gaulin, an 
 inveterate enemy of the English, a missionary to the Indians and in 
 charge of Port Royal in 1732. Rev. Jean Des Enclaves came to America 
 in 1728, and was missionary at Port Royal many years, and was on 
 terms of friendship and confidence with Mascarene. He went to France 
 in 1753, but returned the next year, and we regret to find this truly 
 worthy man in exile in Massachusetts, with some Acadians, in 1755. 
 Certainly, some of the missionaries, like De la Loutre, merged their 
 spiritual functions in a mistaken, and to the Acadians, a disastrous, zeal 
 for the political service of the French Government ; but to the great 
 majority of them we must accord an undivided allegiance to the King of 
 kings, and assign a shining record " in the book of life." Nor can we too 
 harshly blame those who counselled their people not to take an unquali- 
 fied oath of allegiance, when we bear in mind that they had by treaty the 
 alternative right to remove from the country. Father Maillard and 
 others in somew^hat later years did their best to reconcile the Indians to 
 English rule. The career of the venerated and saintly Abbe Sigogne 
 belongs more properly to the County of Digby, where he ministered to all 
 the returned Acadians in the western part of the Province. 
 
 Tradition says there was formerly an old church on the south shore of 
 the river on a point or promontory running down to what is known as 
 " Pompey's rock," a little below Goat Island. If so it was probably a 
 
 ' The Jesuits in North America," p. 44. 
 
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOr.IS. . 297 
 
 niis.sioiiary church for the Indians at Hear and Moose rivers. Tho 
 Catliolic congregation in tho town was annihihited by the dis[)ersion of 
 tlie Acadians, but revived with the return of some of the survivors and 
 tlu^ fi;eneral increase of inhaV)itants ; and congrej^ations in due time 
 appeared at the centres of popuhition, Annapolis and Hrid<j;etowji, and 
 near tlie latter j)lace a neat little church, sigji of a healthy f^idwth and 
 spirit, has been erected within the last few years. Herved formerly from 
 l)i','by and Kentville, Annapolis County has reijuired and had the 
 privilef,'e of a resident priest since 1S78, when the Rev. Tlumias J. Grace 
 was stationed here. Rev. Philip Walsh, D.D., a nephew of the latt! 
 Archbishop Walsh, was parish priest from 1880 to 1884, when Rev. T. J. 
 Grace was af^aiii appointed, and in the love of his people and the respect 
 of all, filled the positiim until 1891, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. 
 Doody. Rev. John Walsh succeeded him, and wjus succeeded in 1895 by 
 the Rev. Father Summers, the present incumbent. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENOLAND. 
 
 With the English domination came the chaplain of the forces for the 
 garrison, who also ministered to the English population of the town, and 
 after the ai-rival of the Massachusetts settlers, to such of them as adhenul 
 to the Church in the townships of Annapolis and Granville. The first of 
 thest? was Rev. John Harrison, wlio was succeeded or assisted in 1724 by 
 Rev. Robert Cuthbert, not very favourably mentioned in a preceding 
 portion of this history. Mr. Harrison was still living here in 1732. In 
 1732 Rev. Richard Watts was here. He was in the employ of the S. P. G. 
 as a school-master at Annapolis as early as 1728. He must have left 
 Annapolis in 1738. For the next four years it is said the otHcers and 
 soldiers in the garrison baptized their own children.* And we have seen 
 that in 1752 Captain Handfield, by license from the Governor, solemnized 
 tlie marriage of his own daughter. Rev. Thomas Wo(k1, who came hn-v 
 from the town of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was chaplain in 1753, 
 was appointed missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 
 in 1764, and served with the love and respect of his fiock until his death 
 in 1778, after which Rev. Nathaniel Fishei' officiated as rector until the 
 end of 1781. The Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks was nominal rector and 
 garrison chaplain for two or three years, and continued unjustly to draw 
 the salary of tlie latter office during several years that his brothev in-law, 
 Mr. Bailey, did the work. Rev. Mr. Nayles, the commissioned cliaplain, 
 resided in England. The Rev. Jacob Bailey continued rector of the 
 parish, including Granville and Clements, from his arrival in 1781 until 
 his death in 1808. In 1782 James Forman arrived among the Loyalists 
 
 * Eaton's "Church in Nova Scotia," p. 22. 
 
208 HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 of that year. Hp is .spokfii (jf as a refugpe "half-pay otHcor." He Mum 
 removed to Dij^hy, and was tlie first sch<M)l-teaeher at that place. Tii 
 17H4 he heoaiiie the founder at I)igl)y of the first Sunday School ever 
 oiH'ni'd on th«; Continent of America. He took the initial step hy sum- 
 nutning his pupils t«) meet for relipous instruction on Sunday, lltn. 
 Hoger Viets, a Eioyalist ch^rf^fyman of j^reat al)ility and learning, driven 
 out of Ctiimecticut, who U'cainc^ Rector of Dighy in ITl^fi, warmly 
 approved of Forman's work, improved upon iiis methixls, and in a sermon 
 published iii 1789, spok(^ of the Sunday Schools in his parish as a settled 
 institution and a valuable auxiliary of the Church, and gratefully com- 
 mended the encouragement given to it by the first Bishop of Nova Scotia, 
 H(!v. Charles Inglis, who assumed EJpiscopal functions in 17f<6. Forman 
 in Anruipolis County was liehind Raikes, the founder of Sunday' Schools, 
 in (^louct^ster, England, by only two years; an<l it was not until 1791 
 that we first hear of Sunday Schools in the United State's, that year 
 witnessing their inauguratiim at Philadelphia by an association of 
 Christians of various denominati»ms, including Quakers. Rev. Cyrus 
 Perkins succeeded Mr. Bailey as rector in 1H08, and held the position 
 until his death alM)ut 1817, when lie was succeeded by Rev. John Millidge, 
 D.C.L., until his death about 18S0. Rev. J. L. Trimingham was next 
 ai)pointed, but perished in the wreck of a gun-boat which was conveying 
 him hither from Bermuda. Rev. Edwin Gilpin, a collateral descendant 
 of Rev. Bernard Gilpin, the " Northern Apostle," anfl sweet spirit of the 
 Reformati(m — himself the faithful and earnest champion of the principles 
 dear to his distinguished ancestor — succeeded Mr. Millidg(% an<i was the 
 venerated rector of the parish until his d(>ath, September 'iOth, 1860. 
 He was the father of the Very Rev. Dean Gilpin, of Halifax, who was 
 born at Aylesford. He was succeeded by Rev. James J. Ritchie, M.A., 
 an earnest evangelical divine, who held the position until 1891, and was 
 succeeded by the present rector, Rev. Henry How. 
 
 GranMlle was separated from Annapolis in 1800, and Rev. Mr. 
 Millidge was its rector until he removed to Annapolis in 1817. Rev. 
 Hibbert Binney, father of the late Bishop, was rector one year, and Rev. 
 George Best from 1815 to 1823, Rev. H. Nelson Arnold from 1823 to 
 1828, Rev. Francis Whalley from 1828 to 1835, and Rev. J. Moore 
 Campl)ell, a most worthy, amiable and popular minister, for the succeeding 
 twenty-five years. Mr. Campbell well deserves a more extended notice. 
 Rev. Henry D. De Blois was rector from 1860 to 1876, during a part of 
 which time Rev. W. H. Snyder was vicar ; Rev. Frederick P. Greatorex 
 from 1876 to 1892, and Rev. Albert Gale from 1893 to 1896. 
 
 Rev. John Wiswall, of whom a biographical sketch will appear in the 
 genealogies, was the first Rector of Wilmot, and was succeeded at his 
 death by the Rev, Edwin Gilpin, who lived at Aylesford, the parish at 
 
Rkv. James Rohkrtson, LL.D., 
 
 Rector of Wilmot. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 299 
 
 that time compriHing Aylesford, Wilinot, Bridgetown, and Upper Gran- 
 ville, the line of division lieing three miles Ijelow IJridgetown. The Rev. 
 James Robertson, to l>e presently mentioned more at length, became 
 rector in 1832. His successors have been Rev. (Jeorge F. Maynanl, 1877 
 and 1878; Rev. George B. J)(Klwell, 1880 to 181)1 ; Rev. .]. K. Warner, 
 1892 to 1896. The bell in the old church at Pine (irove was the gift of 
 William Bayard, Es<|., and Inmrs the following inscriptions: "This bell, 
 the gift of William Bayard, E8<|., 1792, to the Trinity Church at Wilmot 
 in Nova Scotia, as by law established." " Thomas Meers, of London, 
 fecit." 
 
 The old church at Clementsport, built by the Dutch and Hessian and 
 other German Loyalists, was originally Lutheran, and called the "Church 
 of St. Edward." When it was transferred to the Church of England a 
 condition was made that a hymn in the Dutch language should be sung 
 every Sunday morning before the Ijeginning of the ordinary service, which 
 was done until only two to whom that language was the vernacuwir 
 survived. Doctor Fred. Boehme, who died in 181 (>, by his will gave the 
 church a bell and a service of communion |)late. The old bass viol which, 
 performed on by the venerable " S(|uire " Ditmars, long supplied the 
 instrumental music, is still preserved. The c<mgregati(in was under the 
 pastoral care of the rectors of Annapolis until about 1840, during the 
 incumbency of Mr. Gilpin, when it was erected into a separate parish, of 
 which Rev. William M. Godfrey took charge as missionary of the S. P. G. 
 He died in 1881, since which time there have been several incumbents 
 for short periotls, Rev. J. Lockward, the present rector, succeeding the 
 Rev. W. B. Belliss in 1895. 
 
 The parish of Bridgetown was separated from Granville in 1854, and 
 its first rector was Rev. J. Moore Campbell, who had been lector of the 
 old parish before its division. He died February 13, 1862, at the early 
 age of fifty-six, and was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Millidge for abcjut a year. 
 Rev. Henry Pryor Almon, son of Hon. M. B. Almon, was rector several 
 years, Rev. Augustus Sullivan for about a year, and Rev. Lewis Morris 
 Wilkins, son of Hon. Martin I. Wilkins, and grandson of the first Judge 
 Wilkins, was rector from 1873 to 1889; Rev. H. De Blois, 1890 and 
 
 1891, Rev. Mr. Cunningham for about eight months, succeeded at Easter, 
 
 1892, by Rev. F. P. Greatorex. 
 
 The parish of Round Hill was set off from Annapolis in 1890, and the 
 Rev. H. D. De Blois was elected its first rector. 
 
 Rev. James Robertson was born at Strath Tay in Perthshire, 
 Scotland, in 1802. An uncle and grand-uncle were celebrated divines, 
 but I cannot state positively that the latter of these was the great 
 historian. He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, where he 
 received the degree of M.A. in 1826, and LL.D. in 1856. On December 
 
300 IIISTOUV OK ANNAl'OLrs. 
 
 8, lfi'2S, he woH elected a member of "Tlie Northern IiiHtitution f(»r the 
 Promotion of Hcience iiiul I^iterature " in InvernesH ; wuh ordained priest 
 by Dr. Skinner, Itishop of Alwrdecn, at St. Andrew's Chapel in that 
 city, June 8, IS2'J, liavin^ Hrst .served in deaoon'N orders as assistant at 
 MeikelHeld, near Inverness. He came to N(!wfoimdiand in 1829 as 
 missionary of the S. P. U. In IH.'U he married at Chiswick, Mitldlesex, 
 Kngland, Maria, youngest daughter of Major Hansard of the 69th regi- 
 ment, a sister of the wife of the hite Archdeacon Coster, of New Bruns- 
 wick ; and tiie next year came to Bridgetown, where he filUfd the office of 
 rector of the then undivided parish, although probably not formally 
 appointtKl until 1837. In 1854 he remove<l to VVihnot, where he died, at 
 Middleton, January 19, 1878. He was a profound general and scientific 
 scholar, as well as theologian, and would have lieen eminently useful aa 
 a professor or president of one of our provincial univt^rsities. He received 
 a silver medal from the Mechanics' Institute, Halifax, J. Leander Starr, 
 President, in 1835, "for the l)est essay on the application of science to 
 the arts ;" was author of an able treatise on " Infant Baptism," and other 
 pamphlets and essays. A son, James C. Robertson, of the Harri.s-Allan 
 Co., St. John, N.B., and a grandson, T. Reginald Robertson, a rising 
 barrister, of Kentville, N.S., now represent the name in the Maritime 
 Provinces. 
 
 Rev. William Minns Go<lfrey, who was born at Rochester, England, 
 and baptized in the great cathedral of that city, was a son of the late 
 Thomas Godfrey, a purser in the Royal Navy, and afterwai-ds during the 
 war of 1812, prize-agent at Halifax, and later, collector of customs at 
 Lunenburg, who married a daughter of William Minns, a brother of the 
 first wife of the Loyalist, John Howe, who by a second marriage was 
 father of Hon. Joseph Howe. Mr. Go<lfrey was a faithful exponent of 
 the doctrines of the Church of England as asserted at the Reformation, 
 and an effective and impressive preacher of the vital truths of the Gospel ; 
 and dying suddenly October 3rd, 1881, in the sixty-seventh year of hia 
 age, left a memory that will still long be fragrant among people of all 
 denominations in that section of the country in which he laboured with 
 so much zeal and success. 
 
 CON(JRE(}ATIONALISTS. 
 
 The majority of the early settlers on the vacated lands of the French 
 were of the Independent or Congregational churches of Pilgrim or 
 Puritan New England. But not coming here, aa their forefathers did to 
 Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, as an assertion of religious principle 
 — each group following its spiritual leader into exile — they were not 
 careful to bring pastors with them ; and most of the few clergy who in 
 time followed them to Nova Scotia, went back to the old provinces from 
 sympathy with the disaffection prevailing there. The religious com- 
 munities of the provinces they left had not many years before been 
 stirred to their profoundest depths by the revivalist preaching of the Rev. 
 George Whitefield, a Church of England minister of overpowering 
 
HISTORY OK ANNAI'«)MS. 301 
 
 elo(|uence, of th« Hchool of tlm Wi-slfv^, 'I'kI ii ft'llow-workt'r with tluMii 
 until they (l«(Mii<!(i it lutcwHsary to (h>tu)uiic*> his cxtiniiiu ('iiK iiiistic vicwM. 
 He, or at loiist those who caught his spirit and took up tlie work of 
 evangeli/atioa where he left it, taught witli great einphasis tlie eternal 
 death of every soul who had not lieen sensibly and consciously converte<l 
 after full conviction of sin and of deserved condemnation, followed by an 
 absolute, divinely-given assurance of acceptance, restitution and salva- 
 tion, from which, once really obtained, there cctuld \m no relapse. This 
 system was enforced with burning zeal and the vivid invocation of the 
 terrors of judgment, by itinerant ministers, until an enthusiasm and 
 excitement were pnKluced unknown before among the Christian bodies 
 which ha<l sprung up since the Reformation. The preachers and votaries 
 of this movement were designated " New Lights," as distinguished from 
 the so-called churches of the "standing order," or adherents of the "ohl 
 standards" of religious faith and discipline. If \ may venture to attempt 
 a definition of the principles of those who opimsed or distrusted this 
 movement, I might approximate correctness in saying that they held 
 that baptism was not only an admission int(» the outward and visible 
 Church, but if rightly received, a means of grace ; and that conversion 
 meant simply a genuine turning from sin with contiition for the past and 
 reform for the future ; not a state to attain to once for all, but an 
 experience to be undergone and repeated as often as the frailty of man 
 permits him to sin. Ministers with this view lotntked with di.s?avour on 
 the frenzied emotions displayed under the new teachings, by thoso who, 
 from the outward manifestations of inward grace in their daily walk, 
 stood, as far as imperfect humanity could judge, just as favourable a chance 
 for salvation as their less excited felIow-l)elievers, and counselled a sober 
 mean between wild enthusiasm and religious indifference. Doubtless 
 in enforcing these views they sometimes sought to point an argument by 
 citing the doubts entertained of each other's conversion by those whose 
 methods were similar while they differed in doctrine.* Mr. Hailey under- 
 stood these new teachers as affirming " that the most abandoned sinners 
 are nearer to the kingdom of heaven than people of a sober, honest and 
 religious deportment, for such, they allege, are in danger of depending on 
 their own righteousness." From 1798 to 1801 the New Light movement 
 swept over the country with the foi-ce and fury of a torrent ; with occa- 
 sional similar revivals down to a perio<l within my own recollection, and 
 I have sometimes in the early forties heard the terms " Baptist New 
 Ijights," and " Methodist New Lights " used to distinguish evangelists of 
 the two denominations. The indefatigable zeal and energy of the New 
 Lights prevailed, and many Congregational churches soon adopted the 
 
 •See an example in Ur, Smith's " History of the Methotlists," pp. 157, 158, 
 
a02 IIISTOIIY (»K ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 niU> lit' I'xcludiiiK fi'mii coininuiiiuii all who wi>ro urwihle to prnHeiit 
 Imfui't^ tlii'ir hretlir«>n prinif that they hiid aotiiiilly oxp**ri«>nci'ri in thrir 
 hnai'ts till' r<>(|uiri>(l ('liaii;;t>. From this it was hut ariotJM'r .st«'|) to r*-ftiM«4 
 tht'iii baptism, th<> outward act or m^n of aihiiisHioii into tho i-ovenant of 
 grace, and thus WhitflH*>ld, althou;;h In- iu'v»'r l«ft thw Churcli of 
 Kii^jland was* the m«anH of immenso and rapid acc«>MHions to ttie Haptiitt 
 churches of tiif old provinces. 
 
 Nova Scotia was the peculiar tiold of a nuist r<>niarkal)le follower of 
 Whitefield, tiio Rev. Henry Alline, a Con>{rt'Kational minister whose 
 powerful and impressive oratory stirred to their utmont depths the 
 eniotionw of the peo|)le througliout the western counties.t Setting no 
 value on external order, aiming only at tlie individual unit, and thus 
 careless of dividing or breaking up religious communities, he and the 
 successors whom he iiiHuenced, traversed the land, preacliing with such 
 effect that the settled pastors, failing to retain their influence over their 
 flocks, were swept aside by the resistless wave of popular religious 
 agitation. Old church organizations were broken up ttn«l new ones, 
 without any guarantee (tf permanence or stability instituted. Here 
 again, although Alline never professed to lie other than a Congrega- 
 tionalist, nor thought of renouncing infant baptism, or its ordinary mode 
 of administration among those who admit it, he sowed a seed of which 
 the Baptist bo<ly, in respect to connexion and numbers, reaped the 
 alniunding harvest, and soon reduced chaos to order and discipline. 
 These successors of the New Lights rejected their too pronounced atili- 
 nomianism, and gradually abandoned that gloomy type of Calvinism 
 which marked the early New England theology. 
 
 The Rev. Arzarelah Moras, Iwrn in Ma.ssachusett8 in 1745, a graduate 
 of Harvard, was the first settled Congregational minister at (Jranville, 
 and was of the New Light order. He returned to the United States 
 alK)ut the close of the century, selling the church property there and 
 taking the proceeds with him. Nathaniel Fisher, born at Dedham, 
 Mass., July 8tli, 1742, probably the first school-master in Granville, where 
 he livefl l)etween 1771 and 1778, was also a Congregational religious 
 teacher and catechist, but later took orders in the Church of England, 
 and as we have seen htul charge of St. Luke's, Annapolis, after which he 
 returned to the United States and was Rector of St. Peter'.s, Salem, from 
 
 * Dr. Cramp, in hiw " History of the Buptists," pp. 457, 463, achnita this. 
 Whitetield was the son of an innkee|)t)r at Gloucester, graduated at Pembroke 
 College, Oxford, and owing to the great impression his piety and ability made on 
 the Kishop of Ohmccster, he was onhiincd at twenty -one, two years before the 
 canonical age. The effect of liis first sermon is said to have driven some people mad 
 with fear, but the Bishop, in reply to complaints al>out this, said that he hoped 
 tlie madness would last till the following Sunday. 
 
 t Alline was a native of Newport, R.I., whose parents removed to Falmouth, 
 N.S. , while he was yet a boy. 
 
IIIMTOUV OK ANNAPOI.IH. '.\0l\ 
 
 February, 17H'2, until IiIh (ioutli in 1^12. Allino )>NtiihiiHli»d <i ciiuruh or 
 M«H'i»)ty in (]ranvill«>, cuHt of tlu' Wa<iti Hcttlcrncnt, in I7H(), and it Ix'came 
 Baptist in I7!)0, and wan pnilMibly tlm ixMly out <it" whii'li j<n«w t\ui " Kirst 
 [baptist (y'hurch nf AnnapuliH " And ho, as no oliango wliat>n«'r in <ux-loHi- 
 aHtical polity or ordor waH ii«>o»sHary, and CalviniHtio viitwN were common 
 to lM)th HyMtttniH, »)very C»»nK''«'K''^''*""' Not-'i^ty or orKaniication in the 
 cvtunty soon, under the intluunct'N mnntionttd, and as if hy comnion 
 conBunt, iNtcaniu 
 
 HA I'll ST. 
 
 Tlio Now Light Congn>j{ati<>nal churchoH, after they had al)and()ne<l 
 infant haptisni, cumtinued for some time in communion with the other 
 churchcH, and the adoption of "close communicm " was not intnHluced 
 without some friction, nor until IHU'J. The Church at I^»wer Granville 
 was orj,'ainzed in 1780, at Hridgettiwn in 1801, at Nictaux in 1801); that 
 of Wilniot., which included Pai.idise and Clements, in IHIO; the Church 
 at New Albany in 182!), at Dulhousie West, 1830; those at Wilmot 
 Mountain, or Port Lome, and Springfield in 1835, Upper Wilmot 1842, 
 Parker's Cove 1854 ; Middleton and Milford churches in 1H6I ; the Church 
 at Litchfield, 18()2 ; Lawroncetown, 1873 ; Annapoliti Hoyal, 1874 (pastors 
 in the latter, in succossion. Rev. T. A. Higgins (afterwards of VVolfville), 
 E. C. (iood, F. O. Weeks, 0. A. Eaton, H. H. Cain and Rev. J. G. 
 Coulter White); at Clenientsport in 1888; at Granville Ferry in 1890. 
 In 1798 an association including both communions was held at Corn- 
 wallis, but in Juno, 1800, the first regular Baptist Assixjiation ever 
 convened in the Maritime Provinces, or probably in the Dominion, was 
 held at Lower Granville, Rev. Joseph Crandall preaching on the occasion. 
 At the Association of 1802 the pastors of the First and Second Baptist 
 churches in Annapolis were Rev. Thomas Handley Chipman and Rev. 
 James Manning, respectively. At the time of the Association of 1810 
 Rev. James Manning was pastor of the Church at Ijower Granville and 
 Digby, and Rev. Thomas Ansley at Upper Granville. In 1812 the 
 Nova Scotia Association was held at Upper Granville; in 1813 at 
 Clements ; in 1826 at Wilmot. In 1828 an immense impetus was given to 
 the progress of Baptist thought and influence by the accession of a 
 number of men of high social standing and personal and political 
 importance, who had been trained in the Church of England, including 
 Hon. J. W. and Dr. Lewis Johnstone, E. A. Crawley, Esq., barrister 
 (afterwards known as Rev. Dr. Crawley), Charles Twining, J. W. Nutting 
 and others. In 1829 Rev. I. E. Bill was pastor at Nictaux, and Rev. 
 R. W. Cunningham, once a Roman Catholic, and later in life pastor of 
 the Baptist Church at Digby, the father of our late townsman, Dr. A. B. 
 Cunningham, was at Chute's Cove. In 1830 Rev. T. H. Chipman died 
 
804 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 at Nictaux, and in 1831 Rev. Joshua Cogswell was pastor of the Lower 
 Granville Church. In 1833 the Association met at Bridgetown. At 
 this time Annapolis and Upper Granville were still one Church. The 
 names of those just mentioned, and of Rev. Harris Harding,* Rev. 
 Thomas Handley Chipman (a close follower of AUine), Edward and James 
 Manning, Thomas Ansley and Joseph and Stephen Crandall — some of 
 them of but little educational culture, but the majority of them of rugged 
 intellect and all fired with a burning zeal — are closely identified with the 
 planting and fostering of the early Baptist churches in this county. Nor 
 should the names of Revs. George Armstrong, Nathaniel Vidito, Israel 
 Potter, E. M. Saunders, D.D., A. S. Hunt, Superintendent of Education 
 for Nova Scotia, Maynard, Obadiah and W. L. Parker, Ebenezer Stronach 
 and James Austen Smith be omitted in calling the long roll of Baptist 
 worthies who have been connected with this county by birth or by 
 ministerial labour within its borders. 
 
 METHODIST. 
 
 In July, 1782, the Rev. William Black, the silver-tongued apostle of 
 early Methodism in the Maritime Provinces, visited the county and 
 preached with fervor and effect at Annapolis, Granville and Wilmot. 
 Among his converts were Samuel Chesley, afterwards known as Samuel 
 Chesley, sen., then a youth of about eighteen, but afterwards to become the 
 father of the Rev. Robert Ansley Chesley, whom I will notice presently. 
 After the arrival of the Loyalists Mr. Black made a second visit extending 
 to Clements and Bear River, and formed small societies at each of the 
 places named. In 1791 the Rev. John Cooper was placed in charge of 
 these societies. He lived on, and owned the lot by which the familiar 
 use of his name was long perpetuat-*f' in the town. His career was 
 chequered, and finally he lost the conhdence of his brethren. He was 
 succeeded as superintendent by Rev. Wm. Grandin. The Rev. Freeborn 
 Garretson, a native of Maryland, who, like most of the early Methodists, 
 drew the rich draughts that nourished his spiritual life from the bosom of 
 the Church of England, visited Wilmot, Granville, Annapolis and Digby 
 in 1785. Before commencing his work he called on Dr. Breynton, the 
 Rector of St. Paul's, in Halifax, who gave him much encouragement, 
 and promised him all the assistance in his power. In the same year, 
 Black, ever "in labours abundant," was again in the county. In 1786 
 one hundred members were reported at Granville, Annapolis and Digby. 
 Black was again in Annapolis in 1792, composing difficulties that had 
 
 * For sketches of this remarkable man from different religious standpoints, see 
 Bill's "Fifty Years with the Baptists," and Campbell's "History of Yarmouth 
 County." 
 
HLSTOHY OK ANNAPOLIS. 305 
 
 arisen out of tlie affairs of Cooper. Rev. Daniel Fidler, who had 
 entered the ministry wlien a lad of eighteen, came to Annapolis in 
 1794, and was followed next year by William (Jrandin, a native of 
 New Jersey. Visits to the county were also made about this tiim by 
 Rev. Messrs. Black, Garretson, Whitehead, McCoU and James Mann. 
 At this period the name of Bonnett appears among those who professed 
 to have received salvation through Methodist agency — Tsiac, the father 
 of the late Shei-iff Bonnett, himself long a devoted Meth(/dist and hospi- 
 table entertainer of the Methodist missionaries. Tlie first Metliodist 
 (-'hurch in Annap( Us was built in 17!>8, and it is supposed there was 
 one in Granville earlier. The conference of 1802 was held at Annapolis, 
 when Mr. Black's intended removal to England wa.", considereci and 
 deprecated. The most notable convert of this period was Col. Bayard, 
 of whom .ve have already heard in conneccion with the history of 
 W^ilmot, and who thenceforth forsook a career of careless indifference 
 about religious matters, abandoned all sinful indulgences, and became a 
 ( -hiistian of the bright -^t character. One of his sons. Doctor Samuel V. 
 Uayard, continued in communion with the Methoilists all his days, but 
 the other members of the family either remained in or returned to the 
 Church of their fathers and of Wesley. They settled in Ht. John, N.B., 
 where the}' were men of social and professional eminence. Of Rev. Stephen 
 Mamford the writer retains some recollections. He was a very remark- 
 ai)le man, born in 1770 and a soldier of the 29th regiment. He had 
 great talent as a preacher and strong personal magnetism, and laboured 
 at Annapolis and Digby from 1803 until his death in 1848 with wonder- 
 ful effect. From 1800 to 1820, besides Mr. Bamford, this circuit, which 
 f.vtended from Horton to Digby, was at various periods superintended by 
 Revs. Joshua Marsden, William Sutcliffe, James Priestly, William 
 ilonnett, William Croscombe, James Dunbar, Adam Clarke Avard, 
 Sampson Busby* and John Snowball. In 181!*, when Air. Busby was 
 superintendent, there were 250 members in this circuit. Rev. A. C. Avard 
 was a son of Rev. Joseph Avard, who I >re his French name as a native 
 of Guernsey. The father, who was a iisciple of the celebrated Doctor 
 Adam Clarke, came to Prince Edward Island in 1 '06, and laboured as a 
 Methodist mis,sionary in that province and in New Brunswick and Nova 
 Scotia. The son at first studied law, but abandoned it for the gospel 
 ministry, in which he was a strong, active and popular worker. He died 
 in 1821 at Fredericton, whither he had removed from Annapolis the 
 previous year. A union meeting for mutual edification promoted by Col. 
 Bayard, was held at Nictanx in September, 1817, at which five Methodist 
 ministers, Rev. Messrs. Bennett, Croscombe, Busby, Priestly and Avard, 
 
 * Mr. Busby wiih the father-in-Iiiw of William Smith, Ehcj., long Deputy Ministi-i 
 i)f .Nhu'iiii; and Fisheries of Camilla. 
 
 ao 
 
:}()() 
 
 HISTORV OK AXNAPOLIS. 
 
 with two (if the loading Baptist ministers, Revs. T. Ilandley Cliipinan and 
 Ansley, took part. Tlie years 1838 and 183!* witnessed great accessions 
 to the M(!thodist Church at Nictaux, and tiie Fine drove church was 
 about that time built. Andi'cw Hcndei'son, already noticed, was from 
 18;{2 onwai'd, a sti'ong pillar of Methodism in Annapolis, as foi- many 
 j'ears later his son George was in Digby. He first taught school in 
 Wilmot, where in 18'J1, thirty-si.x years later than Forman in l>igby, he 
 followed the example (tf Forman by establishing a Sunday School, one of 
 the earliest in that section of the county. In Annapolis he kept for 
 some years a boarding school at Albion V^ile,* west side of Allain's creek, 
 where many prominent Methodists, laj' and clerical, received a .sound 
 ])reparator}' training. He was an able magistrate and j)ostmast(n', and 
 always amply adorned his profession as a Christian, a living "epistle 
 known and read of all men." 
 
 No worthier name appeai-s in the long roll of those able ministers of 
 the Gospel who claim this county as their liiith-place than that of the 
 lieverend Robeit Ansley Ciiesley. He was the second son of Sanmel 
 Chesley, Es(|., by a second marriage, and his mother was Louisa, 
 daughtei- of Phineas Lovett, Ksc]., of Round Hill. (See Chesley and Lovett 
 genealogies.) He was born in Gi'anviile, in 1816, and after his ordination 
 he exerci.sed his ministerial othce on various stations within this con- 
 fererce and at Bathurst, N.B., his last circuit in his native province 
 being at Digby. He difMl November 27th, 1806, at St. John's, New- 
 foundland, where he had been appointed about six months previously to 
 the office of superintendent of the circuit ; the disease which so pre- 
 maturely terminated a career which promised so much, being a malignant 
 fever contracted wliile discharging his ministerial duties. Such was the 
 esteem in which he was held in that citj-, that a fund of about four 
 hundred pounds sterling was promptly subscribed for the benefit of his 
 widow and orphans, the list being headed by the then Bishop of the 
 Diocese, whose Archdeacon had received ministerial visits and relig- 
 ious consolation on his death-bed from Mr. Chesley. He mai'ried 
 in 1848 Hannah Albee, and had four children, three sons and a daughter, 
 of whom the eldest son, Sanuiel A. Chesley, Es(|., is Judge of Probate at 
 Lunenburg, and a leading Methodist layman. 
 
 * T HUHjiect tlmt Rov. Dr. Smitii, to whone personal <:ourtesy as well as his 
 valuable " History of Metliodism in Eastern British America," I am largely inilel)te<l 
 for most of the facts mentioned in tliis Hketeli, was miHiiiformeil when he says 
 oppo.sition to Mr. Henderson as a Metliodist drove him from flie town to Albion 
 \'ale for a site for lii.s lioarding scliool. The townsjwople nnioh appreciated Mr. 
 Henderson as a teai'lier, and woulil hardly object to a boarding school In their midst 
 either on connuercial or religious groimds. Albion Vale would be a healthy locality, 
 and one where the boys would be kept more free from bad associations. 
 
Rkv. Hohkkt Anslkv Ciikslicy. 
 
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 307 
 
 I'UEfSBYTERIAN. 
 
 No doubt there wus quite a sprinkling of people attached to the 
 Presbyterian order of faith and worship from Scotland and the Nortli of 
 Ireland among tl- early settlers in the county, but these were absorbed 
 in the other religious l)odies around them. With the more recent 
 accessions of population others* came in greater numlt)ers and with more 
 cohesiveness, not only from Scotland, but from the eastern parts of the 
 Province, where the Presbyterian body has always been strong. At 
 length, in 1858, the first Presbyterian congregation was organized at 
 Annapolis, the following being among its promoters : the late George 
 Ruiiciman, a native of Haddington, Scotland, long a leading merchant of 
 the town ; the late Wm. M. Forbes, the late James Gray, and the late 
 Arthur King. A church was soon commenced which was finished for 
 worship about 1862. By the year 1870, a church edifice at Bridgetown 
 was found necessary, and a pretty brick church and manse were erected 
 there, conspicuous and comely features of the town. The first settled 
 pastor was Rev. J. A. Murray, who was sent here in 1857, and afterwards 
 removed to I<ondon, Ont., where he died. He was an able preacher, as 
 was also his successor. Rev. D. S. Gordon, whose pastorate began in 1862. 
 He was succeeded by the Rev. W. H. Gray in 1879, and the Rev. R. S. 
 Whidden in 1894. 
 
 ADVENTISTS. 
 
 Revivals in the western part of the Province were much stimulated in 
 the later thirties and early forties of this century by the startling pre- 
 dictions of William Miller, a soldier-farmer of Massachusetts, of little 
 learning, but of strong natural powers of mind, who had devoted himself 
 to the study of Scripture prophecy, and announced as a result that the 
 stupendous cataclysm which was to inaugurate the final judgment would 
 occur in 1843. Among the writer's earliest recollections was the singular 
 appearance of the snow one winter night, suffused with a strange reddish 
 tint, apparently caused by a similar red appearance of the moon. This 
 phenomenon, which must have been widely noticed, he declared was the 
 fulfilment of the prophecy that the moon in the last days should be "turned 
 into blood" — an unusually dark day quite a number of years before, and the 
 grand meteoric shower of 18.33, being the other portents promised in Joel 
 ii. 31, and Matthew xxiv. 29. Among the rural population the excite- 
 ment as the year drew nigh and at length dawned became intense ; and a 
 sudden and more than commonly brilliant flash of the aurora borealis, or 
 the blaze of a bright meteor darting across the sky, or the reflection from 
 the flame of a burning chimney in the neighbourhood starting up through 
 the darkness of the night, was hailed by the nervous with terror or 
 
308 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 deliglit as the outburst of tlie fire that was to consume a guilty world, and 
 bring man face to face witii eternal weal or woe.* Time wore on, and the 
 year rolled away like its predecessois into the shadowy j)ast ; but a new 
 l)ody of Christians called Second Adventists arose out of the agitation, 
 and in the earl}' sixties included (juite a number of respectable adherents 
 on the county line between Digby and Annapolis, who were ministered to 
 by a settled pastor. One of the doctrines of the denomination pronounced 
 war unlawful, and so when the militia were called out in 1 866, to which year 
 fresh calculations had postponed the grand event, they refused to obey 
 the summon.s, and the Digby jail was filled with prisoners who jjreferred 
 that mart^'rdom to drilling in the ranks ; and eagerly distributed their 
 pamphlets and charts through the bars of the jail window. Another of 
 their beliefs is that at deatli tlie whole person dies — body, soul and spirit 
 -to be revived at the general resurrection ; so that the judgment must 
 be experienced at the next instant of consciousness after death, and that 
 the punishment of the wicked will be a second death, by fire, and not 
 everlasting suffering. A branch of this organization called the Seventh 
 Day Adventists claims some followers near Annapolis, who were visited 
 by llev. Mr. Farman in 1894 and 1895. 
 
 Additions to N'oviendature. — Three Christian names have been com- 
 mon in the county and peculiar to it, which are now handed down from 
 father to son and uncle to nephew, while in most cases those who bear 
 thera do not know how thsir application as "given names" originated. 
 Millidge perpetuates the memory of Rev. John Millidge; Ansley, the 
 llev. Thomas Ansley ; and Avard, the Rev. Adam C. Avard. Rev. 
 T. Handley Chipman and Rev. J. Moore Campbell have been much 
 honoured in the same way. 
 
 *The .storv of "A Little Millerite," Vol. XL, Cenhiry Magazine, 1886, p. 307, 
 vividly rociilk'd and illustrated my own experience of the effect of this agitation on 
 the minds of children. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 By the Editor. 
 
 Lists of p\iblic officers — Justices of tlic Pence — Members of the Legislature, etc. — 
 Census stiitistics — Tlie Apple Trade. 
 
 IN early days there was a Provost Marshall for the whole province. An 
 Act for the appointment of a Hiffh Sherif!" for each county passed 
 in 1778, and in 1780 received the assent of the Crown on condition that 
 the Provost Marshall, Fenton, should receive a pension, and probablj- 
 came into operation in 1781 or 1782. For many years the sheriffs were 
 selected annually by the Lieutenant-Governor out of a list of three 
 suitable men in each county prepared by the Chief Justice. In later 
 times, and until 1883 the list was prepared by the Chief Justice and a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court, or two judges selected by the Chief Justice, 
 in conjunction with a committee of two of the Executive Council. The 
 first trace we have of the office in the County of Annapolis shows that 
 Phineas Lovett, jun., was High Sheriff from April to June, 1782. We 
 cannot supply the name or names for the next two years. Tn 1 784 Rohert 
 Tucker was appointed. He was, no doubt, the Loyalist physician and 
 surgeon mentioned in Sabine, Vol. II., p. 3G6 and appendix. After his 
 death, about the year 1790, Robert Dickson seems to have been 
 appointed, and from this time to about 1806 he or William Wixniett 
 received the appointment each year. The records are obscure and imper- 
 fect, and the contemporary almanacs are not all preserved. In 1792, 
 William Winniett ; in 1794, Willia.m Winniktt; in 1797 and probably 
 continuously until 180.3, Robert Dickson ; in 1806, probably a year or 
 two earlier, William Winniett was again appointed and held the office 
 until a few weeks before his death, December 4th, 1824, except during 
 the year 1820, when John Burkett was Sheriffl He died in 1821, and in 
 1822, according to the Nova Scotia calendar, Alexander Burkett was 
 Sheriff", but accoi;ding to the Farmer's almanac, William Winniett. In 
 1824 (October 30) Edward H. Cutler was appointed, and annually there- 
 after until December 1, 1847, inclusive, his deputy at Digby, Jacob Roop, 
 succeeding him in the new county in 1837. Mr. Cutler was afterwards 
 
310 HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLI.S. 
 
 RefjiHtriir of Deeds many years. In 1848 (Deceiulier 12) Wklcomb 
 WiiEELOCK was appointed, and annually until December 12, 18r)5, when 
 he was a;;ain a{)pointe(l and died in olHce. In IHSC) (June 27) Pktku 
 HoNNKTT was appointed, and on December 2, and annually thereafter 
 until April 4, 1881, when he was appointed for the ensuin}^ year. In 
 1882 (March 10) AuousTim Hdhinson, M. D., was appointed and held 
 office until 188;5 (July 19), when Petkk Bonnett was again appointed, but 
 resif,'ncd July 5 of the same year. In 1884 (March 5) J. Avakd Mouse 
 was appointed, and held the otKce until his death, January, IHOT). In 
 1895 Edwin (<ates. Chief Deputy, served as High Sherifi" until August 
 l.'{, 1896, wluMi his commission was issued. 
 
 JuDr.Es OK Prohate. 
 
 In early times the Governor-in-Council granted probate of wills and 
 letters of administration. 
 
 In 17G7, Jonatli .a Hoar was Surrogate Judge of Probate for the 
 County of Annapolis. 
 
 In 1776 Joseph Winniett was appointed Judge of Probate. 
 
 In 1796 William Winniett was appointed. 
 
 In 1810 Elkanah Morton was appointed for the Western District and 
 held the ottice until the division of the county, and then continued judge 
 for the new County of Digby. 
 
 In 1824 (December 13) Thomas C. Haliburton was appointed for the 
 Eastern District and filled the office until 1829. 
 
 In 1829 Edward II. Cutler was appointed. 
 
 In 1842 (Jeorge S. Millidge, who died December 7. 1865. 
 
 In 1866 E<lward Cutler Cowling, who died January 21, 1895. 
 
 In 1895 (January 25) Jacob M. Owen was appointed. 
 
 Members of the LECiisr.ATiVE Council, Residing in 
 Annapolis County. 
 
 Hon. Joseph Fitzrandolph, appointed 1838. 
 
 Hon. Alfred Whitman, appointed 1857. 
 
 Hon. William Cagney Whitman, appointed 1861. 
 
 Hon. George Whitman, appointed 1881. 
 
 Hon. William Hallet Ray, appointed 1887. 
 
 By Royal ordinance the prefix "Honourable" is appHed to members 
 of the Legislative Council appointed before the union of the provinces in 
 the year 1867. To others it is given by courtesy only. 
 
HISTOHV ()K ANNAPOLIS. 311 
 
 Mkmiikhs ok Till.; PiioviNctAi, Paiimamknt. 
 
 Th(i fiiHt Assemhly met Oftolx'i- "Jiid, 17")H, hut altlioujili the towiiHliip 
 of AntiiijMjlis wan ullotted a mtMiibci', it was not lepn'st^iiti'd. 
 
 17r)((. County, .Jonathan H(»ai' and Krasnius James Phillips. 
 
 17G1. County, Joseph VVoodnias, John Stoolf. Township -Annapo- 
 lis, Jt)seph Winniott, Thomas Day. 
 
 1705. County, Joseph Winniott, J uhn Harris. Townships Annapo- 
 lis, Jonathan Hoar-; Uranville, flenry Munroe. Fn i7(!S, John llicks 
 in place of II. Mutu-oe, resigned. 
 
 1770. County, Phineas Ijovett, Joseph Patten. Townships — Annapo- 
 lis, Obadiah Wheelook ; (iranville, .lolin Harris. 
 
 1771.'. (iranville, Christopher Prime, in place of John Harris. 
 
 1775. County, William Shaw, John Hall. Townships — Annapolis, 
 Phineas Lovett, jun. ; (Jranville, Christopher Prince. 
 
 1776. County, Phineas Lovett and John Hall. They did not serve. 
 
 1777. County. William Shaw, Hemy Evans. Townships — Annapolis, 
 I'hineas Lovett, jun. ; (Jianville, Christopher Prince. 
 
 17f<2. County, John Ritchie, in place of Henry Evans, died. 
 
 17Ht. Townshij) of Annapolis, Stephen De Lancey, in place of 
 Phineas Lovett, jun 
 
 178"). County, Thomas Barclay, David Seabury. Townships — 
 Annapolis, Stephen D«! I^ancey ; (rranxille, Benjamin James. 
 
 There had until this year l»een no gtiiiei-al election since 1770. 
 
 1787. Township of Digby, Major Thomas Millidj^e. 
 
 1789. County, Thomas Barclay, Alexander Howe. Townships- 
 Annapolis, Colonel James De Lancey ; Uranville, Benjamin James ; 
 Digby, Thomas Millidge. 
 
 1793. County, Thomas IMillidge, James Mofjdy. Townships — 
 Annapolis, Thomas Barclay ; (Jranville, Alexander Howe ; Digby, Henry 
 Rutherford. 
 
 1800. County, Thomas Millidge, James Moody. Townships — 
 Annapolis, Phineas Lovett, jun. ; Granville, Edward Thorne ; Digby, 
 Henry Rutherford. 
 
 1806. County, Thomas Ritchie, Henry RuHierford. Townships — 
 Annapolis, Thomas Walker; Granville, Isaiah Shaw; Digby, John 
 Warwick. 
 
 1812. County, Thomas Ritchie, Peleg Wiswall. Townships — 
 Annapolis, John Harris; Granville, Isaiah Shaw; Digby, John Warwick. 
 
 1819. County, Thomas Ritchie, John Warwick. Townships — 
 Annapolis, Thomas Ritchie (son of Andrew) ; Granville, Timothy 
 Ruggles, jun. ; Digby, William Henry Roach. 
 
 1820. County, Thomas Ritchie, Samuel Campbell. Townships — 
 
812 mSTOIlV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Annapolis, J<ihn ISdln-rlsdn : (imnvillc, Timothy llu;,'),'I(!s ; l>iKl)y, 
 Willi.iiii Mt'iiiy Uoiifli. 
 
 lHjr>. County, Aluiilmni (•I'sncr, in placo of TlioniiiH Kitcliir. 
 
 1827. County, Tlionms Chiin(lU>i- lliilil)urton, Williiun tlonry Hoacli. 
 Townsliips Annapolis, Janios U. [^(vctt ; ( i run vill«, Timothy Uuj,'t{lP8 ; 
 l)i<{l)y, Joiin Klivanah Morton. 
 
 IHi'it. (bounty, .Jolin .Johnstone, in phiw of Thomas C. Ilalihurton. 
 
 18.'10. County, William If. Iloaoli, John Johnstone Townships - 
 Annapolis, James 11. Lovett ; (triinville, Timothy Iluf,'>,'les ; Di^'hy, 
 Charles Hmhl. 
 
 1H;j1. Township of Lirauville, James Delap, in place of Timothy 
 ltu;,'j,'les. 
 
 18."JG-.'57. County, Frederic A. Rohicheau, William Holland. Town- 
 * ships — Annapolis, Klnathan Whitman ; (Jranville, Stephen S. Thorne ; 
 Dij^hy, James 1 5. Holdsworth. 
 
 1841. County, Samuel W. Chijnnan. Townships — Annapolis, Henry 
 (jates ; (jrraMville, Stephen S. Thorne. 
 
 1811. County, Hon. Jamcis W. Johnstone. Townships -Annapolis, 
 Alfred Whitmai. ; (Jranville, S. S. Thorne. 
 
 1847. The same, re-elected. 
 
 1851. The same, re-elected. 
 
 18."».~). County, Hon. James W. Johnstone. Townships — Annapolis, 
 Moses Shaw ; (iranville, S. S. Thorne. 
 
 1857. Township of Granville, Timothy D. Ruggles, in place of S. S. 
 Thorne. 
 
 1859. County, Hon. James W. Johnstone, Moses Shnw, Avard 
 Lonj,'ley ; Township representation having heiui abolished. 
 
 1863. County, Hon. James W. Johnstone, Avard Longley, (Jeorge 
 Whitman. 
 
 1805. County, W. H. Kay, in place of Hon. J. W. Johnstone. 
 
 The memVu'rs of the House of Commons since the Confederation of 
 the provinces in 1867 have been : 
 
 William Hallet Ray, 1867-1878. 
 
 Avard Longley, 1878-1882. 
 
 Wra. Hallet Kay, 1882-1886. 
 
 John Burpee Mill.-s, 1886-1896. 
 
 The members of the Provincial Legislature have been : 
 
 Hon. J. C. Troop (Speaker) and David C. Landers, September 18, 
 18G7, to December, 1874. 
 
 Hon. Avard Longley and Hon. Wm. Botsford Troop, December, 1874, 
 to Sejjtember 15, 1878. 
 
 Hon. W. B. Troop, M.E.C., and Caleb W. Shafner, September 15, 
 1878, to June 20, 1882. 
 
IIISTOKV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 318 
 
 Hun. .1. VVillM^rforco liOiiKlHy (Attorney Oeneral) and Ihsne-y Muuicm', 
 from .luno '>(), 1882, to .June 15, IHH(». 
 
 Hon. J. VV. L()nj,'l(!y and Fnink Ainlrt'ws, from .Fune IR, 188G, to May 
 If), 1890. 
 
 Hon. .1. W. Lon«loy, from May 15, 1890, to March 1'), l,S9t. 
 
 Harris Hardin;,' riuitc, from May IT), 1890, till his d«atli in March, 
 IHO'J, and Henry Mimroc from Jun»% 189L', to March I.'), 1H9I. 
 
 Hon. J. W. Lon^'lcy an<l .lr)st»|)li A. Hancroft, from March 1.'), 1891, to 
 the jiH'.scnt time. 
 
 The undornoted li«t* contains the names, so far as a.sccrtained, of all 
 tiiose persons who have been in the Commission of the Peace from 17o0 
 to the year 18;i7, when the county was divided; and also the names of 
 all the .Ju.stices of the Inferior Court of Common I'ieas since its institution 
 in I7G2, to its abolition in 1840. It has been arranged alphabetically 
 for the convenience of the reader. 
 
 NAMKH. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 ■5.5 
 
 II 
 
 Office. 
 
 it 
 
 Oriifin. 
 
 Iteaidence, 
 
 +Alliin, Col. .TamcH 
 
 Hardiw, Thoiims (M.F.F.) 
 
 Boniitsll, Ihhim! 
 
 liuiiHon, ChriHtoj)li((r 
 
 Brown, Major Ishik; 
 
 BaiiiiiHter, ThoiiiiiH , 
 
 Bu(l<l, Klisha 
 
 Bcn.son, Charlos . 
 
 Benson, Christophor, jnn . 
 
 Bonru'll, Wni. K 
 
 Boyci% Ja(-o)> 
 
 Bayard, Sionuul V 
 
 Bent, John 
 
 J. P. 1784 
 
 J. P. 
 J.P 
 J. P. 
 J.P. 
 J.P. 
 
 J.P. 
 T.P. 
 
 . . J. P. 
 , . . J. P. 
 .. . J. P. 
 
 Bent, William I. P. 
 
 Budd, CliarleH(M.P.P.) J.P. 
 
 Clie.>iIoy, Benjamin J. P. 
 
 Chi])man, .Samuel B T. P. 
 
 Campbell, Samuel (M.P.P.) .... J. I'. 
 
 ("ornwell, Tliomaa J. P. 
 
 Chesley, Samuel J. P. 
 
 Chipman, Major J. P. 
 
 1784 
 17H4 
 1704 
 1784 
 1785 
 
 I78fl 
 181.5 
 1810 
 1818 
 1803 
 18.S.S 
 1810 
 1832 
 
 1784 
 
 isio 
 
 179:$ 
 
 J.C.C.P 
 
 I.e. 
 
 J.C. 
 
 C.P 
 C.P 
 
 J.C.C.P. 
 
 1794 
 
 1806 
 
 ^Loyalist . . . 
 r..oyali8t . . . , 
 
 Pro-loyalist..! 
 
 Loyalist .... ^Digby. 
 
 Pre -loyalist. 
 
 I' . 
 
 Loyalist . , . 
 
 M ... 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 
 * This list was compiled l)y the deceased autlior. it must be remembered that 
 the .lustices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas were not Lawyers by profession. 
 In 1824 the Province was divided into Districts, and a Barrister of the requisite 
 standiiiL' appointed to preside as Chief Justice of the Court in each District, with 
 enlarged jurisdicticm, the lay judges being still retained for certain duties.— [Kd.] 
 
 t Founder of the Allen settlement. 
 
 J The word " Loyalist" liere means that the Justice was a Loyalist, or a descend- 
 ant of a Loyalist, of the revolution ; the word " Pre-loyalist," that he was an earlier 
 .settler, or a descendant of one. — [En.] 
 
814 
 
 HISTORY c»K ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 NAMKH. 
 
 ('Iii|iiii»n, .liiliii HiieNton 
 
 •('iillcr, Kliciic/.cr 
 
 Ciiiiiiilii'll, (.'oliii, Nt'ii . , , . 
 
 'I' 
 ChuHloy, SainiK;! 
 
 ■I. I'. 
 .1. I'. 
 .f. V. 
 .1. 1'. 
 
 Diliimi'H, iKmwu F. I'. 
 
 Doiit'ut, Aiinultlc F. I*. 
 
 IVuicot, SiiiiiiutI J. I'. 
 
 Do L.iii..!y, ("ol. .FiiiiR'H (M.lM'.)J.l». 
 
 l)c Liiiii'i'y, VVilliiiiii jj. I 
 
 Dfiiiolitor, Li'WJH 'J. 1 
 
 l)o)l^e, Hviijuiniri 
 DitnmrH, ■Fiihii li. 
 DyHoii, (it'orj^e. . . 
 Dunn, •liilin 
 
 KviuiH, Henry ( M.P.I'.)., 
 
 Fit/.Hatjilolpli, Robert 
 Fit/.Kiinil()I|ih, J(>HC|ih 
 Fowler, Ali'xiuKU-r . . . . 
 Fit/.Kunilolph, John . . 
 
 OoMsbury, Sanniul . 
 
 J. V. 
 .J. 1'. 
 J.I'. 
 J. P. 
 
 J.P 
 IP 
 
 ■IP 
 J.P 
 J.P 
 
 J. P. 
 
 Huinilton, Amlrcw I. P. 
 
 Httht, FrtMluri.- William J. P. 
 
 How, Kdwanl J.P. 
 
 Hill, Ri<iiar.l ,].l'. 
 
 Hall. John (M.P.P.) 'j. P. 
 
 Hoiljji-s, John ^J. P. 
 
 HainH, Hartholoniow 'j. P. 
 
 Hoar, Jonathan (M.P.P.) 'j. P. 
 
 Hall, James ! J. P. 
 
 Hannun, Antlionv J. P. 
 
 Huf^hes, .lohn F. 
 Hall, Samuel . . 
 Hanilfielil, John 
 HankiiiHon, Reuben 
 
 J. P. 
 J.P. 
 J.P. 
 J.F'. 
 
 Howe, Alexander (.NF.P.P.) J. P. 
 
 Hicks, Weston 
 Hull, James 
 
 I. P. 
 J.l 
 
 James, Fknjaniin (M.l'.P. ) 
 
 Jones, Josiah 
 
 •Tones, Simeon 
 
 James, Thomas 
 
 Jones, Stephen 
 
 Jones, Charles 
 
 Jones, Cereno Upham (M.P.P.). 
 Jones, William 
 
 Kysch, George Anthony 
 
 Katherns, Samuel 
 
 Kerin, Terrance 
 
 J.P 
 F. P 
 J.P 
 
 J. P. 
 J.P. 
 f. P. 
 J.P. 
 J.P. 
 
 J.P. 
 J.P. 
 J.P. 
 
 e 
 
 ll 
 
 is;)5 
 
 IHH'i 
 
 iH'id 
 
 1 800 
 17»3 
 IHIO 
 I7HI 
 IHIU 
 I7H4 
 170(1 
 ih:u 
 17(H) 
 1771 
 
 1701 
 
 17113 
 18:U 
 
 I8i7 
 
 1785 
 
 1772 
 171)4 
 178.1 
 1784 
 17((3 
 1787 
 1818 
 1754 
 1810 
 1828 
 I81» 
 I8-J6 
 17-)1 
 180(1 
 
 1818 
 183*2 
 
 1783 
 1785 
 171)3 
 
 1785 
 1817 
 1817 
 1819 
 
 1784 
 1777 
 1786 
 
 «)rlKlii. 
 
 KrNidpticc. 
 
 I.C.l'.P. 
 
 J.C.C.P. 
 
 J.C.( .1'. 
 
 J.C.C.P 
 
 J.C.C.l'. 
 
 J.C.C.P, 
 
 J.C.C.P 
 
 J.C.C.P 
 
 . . jPre-lovulist., 
 LoviiliHt . , . . 
 
 Pre-loyali»tt.. 
 
 LoyaliMt . . . . 
 Freneh .... 
 
 1784 
 
 17(11 
 
 1701 
 
 Kovaiist 
 
 I're- loyalist. 
 Loyalist . . . 
 I'relovalist. 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 Loyalist . . . 
 
 (iranvillc 
 
 Loyalist , . . 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 Loyalist 
 1785 Pr^- loyalist. 
 . . jljoyalist . . . 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 Loyalist . . . 
 II ... 
 170 Pre-loyalist. 
 
 Immigrant . 
 . . Loyali,st . . . 
 . . Pre-loyalist. 
 . . 1 1 
 
 . . Loyalist . . . 
 1793 Pre-loyalist. 
 
 Loyalist 
 
 English 
 Loyalist 
 
 Loyalist 
 
 firanyille. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 l)igl)y. 
 
 (iranvillc. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Digby Neck.. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 (iranville. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 (iranvillc. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Sissiboo. 
 
 (iranyille. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 [(iranvillc. 
 Sissiliuo. 
 
 Loyalist 
 
 (iranvillc. 
 
 Sissiboo. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Sissiboo. 
 
 Clements. 
 
 |Cltments. 
 
 i Digby. 
 
 ' Clerk of the Peace. 
 
IIIST(»UV OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 31 :> 
 
 NAMKH. 
 
 ! 1 
 
 L<)vett, I'liin.'iiH, jmi. (M.IM'.i .1.1*. 
 Lovftl, I'liin.iiH (M.IM' ) .1.1'. 
 
 I^IVctt, I'llilD'IlN, JUII ). 1'. 
 
 Li'oiiurcl, S.'tli \.V. 
 
 LovcU, Jaiii.M KuMHill (M.P.P.). J.H 
 
 MorriHoii, ■Icilni, jiiii !. l*. 
 
 .MillH. KiimciM J. P. 
 
 .Muiiio, Col. Ht'iiiv 1. 1*. 
 
 .M.'Nfil. N.-il ..." .I.P, 
 
 .\lilliilK<',Tlii>niiiH,(;MMtiiM|M.lM>).l. I*. 
 
 .M.lJiiitliy, Clmtlt's VV I. P. 
 
 .Mdi'ton, Klkiina .1. I'. 
 
 .Milliil)?e, K.'v. .I.ilin J. 1*. 
 
 .Mori'lmiiHr, .loliii .1. 1'. 
 
 MrNuil, WilliniM I.l». 
 
 Morton, John KIkiiiiii (M.IM'.). J.F. 
 
 Maislmll, William J. P. 
 
 Miili.l«e, .lohn J, P. 
 
 NiuholH, Daviil 
 Ncilv. KolKsit 
 
 J. P. 
 J. P. 
 
 Quoi'cau, JoHhua , 
 
 I71M» 
 
 l77(».r.C.C.P. 1H0« 
 INIU 
 
 ih:m 
 
 1771 
 
 I7«- 
 i7Hr. 
 i7it:<:.J.c.('.P. iHio 
 
 1H0.1 
 IK17| 
 IH04i' 
 I7it4 
 
 IHM 
 l«»5 
 
 18- 
 
 j.c.«;.p. 1HI7 
 
 Prince, lionjaniin K P. 171H) 
 
 •Pliilli|)s, KrasniUH JuniuH. . . , .1. P. I7')9 
 
 Pineo, Potcr ). P. 17S1 
 
 Prince, ChriHlopher I. P. I77<> 
 
 Patten, .loNcpli J. P. XHV.i 
 
 I'arker, Tlionia.- J, P. 
 
 Potter, Benjamin I. P. 1H:{4 
 
 PerkiiiH, Rev. Cyvw ). P. ISIO 
 
 Phiniiev, /el.ulon J. V. \HM 
 
 Puyson', KliHha J. P. 1834 
 
 J. P. 
 
 RobertHon, JanieH F. I'. 
 
 RosH, VVm., Lieut. H.N.S. Kej^t. I. P. 
 
 Ritchie, Andrew .... ). P. 
 
 Riifigles, Richnnl, jiiii J. P. 
 
 Ritchie, Thos. (.M.P.P.) (son of 
 
 Andrew) I. P. 
 
 Ritoliie, .John I. P. 
 
 Robinson, ,John J. P. 
 
 Ran.hill, William J. P. 
 
 Rei.l, Joim J. P. 
 
 Richardson, Philip J. P. 
 
 Ruggles, .John J. P. 
 
 Ruggles, Tiinotliy, jun J. P. 
 
 RutJicrford, Henry I. P. 
 
 tRitctiie, Tliomas,' Ciiatos Rot'ni .J. P. 
 RoJ)inHon, Lieut. George J. P. 
 
 J.C.C.P. 
 
 Shaw, William (M.P.P.) 
 Shaw, Moses 
 
 .J. P. 
 . J. P, 
 
 18U) 
 
 1826 
 ISKi 
 171)9 
 1700 
 
 ISl't 
 
 1771I.J, 
 
 18— 
 
 183-1 
 
 1817 
 
 177-2 
 
 171II) 
 
 182« 
 
 1807 
 
 I8;i'2 
 
 1S32; 
 
 I 
 
 1777 
 1793 
 
 C.C.P 
 
 OriKin. 
 
 Pre-loyaliBt, . 
 
 II . . 
 
 It 
 
 It ■ . 
 
 II . . 
 
 Pre- loyalist. . 
 
 M 
 
 M . . 
 
 l^iOValist . . . . 
 
 (iranville. 
 
 Wilmiit. 
 
 Digl.y. 
 
 (iranvillu, 
 
 Digby. 
 Pr<(-l()yaliMt. .1 i. 
 LovaliMt Ain\apoliM. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Kctlili'iMf. 
 
 Anna|M)lli, 
 
 Wilniot. 
 Anna|M>liH. 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 
 VVilniot. 
 
 Pre-l«)yaliBt. . ! Annapolis. 
 Pre-loyalist. .1 Annapolis.. 
 Granville. 
 
 M 
 
 I, , . (iranville. 
 
 [..oyalist .... iMemcnt.H. 
 1810 Immigrant . . Annapolis. 
 Pro-loyalist.. Wilmot. 
 
 1780 
 
 Loyalist . . . . iGranvilie. 
 
 Loyalist 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 Loyalist . . . 
 
 Loyalist . . . 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 Loyalist . . . 
 
 Pre-loyalist. 
 
 i Pre-loyalist. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 Clements. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 I)igbv. 
 Wilmot. 
 Digbv. 
 Wilmot. 
 
 I. 
 (Jranville. 
 Digby. 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 Foi' the Province at largo. t Judge Ritchie. 
 
316 
 
 HISTOKV OF ANNAI'OLIS. 
 
 NAMKS. 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 «i 1 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 
 ii 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 •o.S 
 
 , 
 
 •s = 
 
 s 
 
 .'ja 
 
 t 
 
 ,^a 
 
 
 <9 a. 
 
 
 4 a 
 
 © 
 
 CK 
 
 o 
 
 o<i 
 
 Oi-i|rjll, 
 
 Itegklunoe. 
 
 Seiil.iirv, Davirl (M.P.P.) 
 
 St(M-lc,'l).M;t..i J.>liii(M.J'.F.) 
 
 Sii(>(lj,'i'aNs, Anilrcw 
 
 Spun-, William 
 
 Sijiof^nc, Rev. .1. M 
 
 Sjm(lcrs, I'ai'doii 
 
 Sncclcii, I^iwriiiioc 
 
 St. Croix, l't\tvr dv 
 
 Tinpaiiy, Major Robert 
 
 'I'liornc, Kdward, CustoH Rot., 
 
 1827(M.r.P.) 
 
 Tucker, ReiiUen 
 
 J. P. 178ft 
 J. r. 1702 
 .I.P. I78H 
 J. P. 18 
 
 J. P. 
 J. P. 
 .1. P. 
 J. P. 
 
 J. P. 
 
 J. P. 
 J. P. 
 
 VietH, Rev. Roger I. !', 
 
 VVilliaiiiH, TlioiiiaH, sen 
 
 "\Viiiiiiett,.losepli, sen. (M.P.P. 
 
 Walker, TlioiiiaH 
 
 WLswall, Rev. .lolin 
 
 Wiswall, John 
 
 Wiiiniett, William 
 
 Wliitinan, .John 
 
 Warwick, .lohn 
 
 Whitman, .fames 
 
 Wheeloek, Klias 
 
 Willett, Walter 
 
 Winniett, .losepli, jun 
 
 W'hitnian, .lameH 
 
 Wiswall, John, jun 
 
 18(W 
 181» 
 1KI8 
 180<i 
 
 1784 
 
 178(i 
 1803 
 
 1815 
 
 17!U 
 I7.''>J» 
 17(>2 
 
 J. I'.il771 
 
 J.P. 1818 
 
 J.P.jl8|{» 
 
 J.P. 1800 
 
 J.P. 
 
 I.P 
 
 J.P. 
 
 J.P. 
 
 J. P. 
 
 J. P. 
 
 J.P. 
 
 J. P. 
 .I.P. 
 J. I 
 
 J.C.C.P.|1704 [^.yalist . . .. 'Annapolis. 
 
 Pre loyalist. .; m 
 
 J.C.C.P. 
 
 I.e. 
 
 J.C, 
 
 C.P 
 C.P 
 
 J.C.C.P. 
 
 18001 
 
 . . i 
 
 178ft; 
 
 18- 
 18.3.'» 
 
 1807 Loyalist ...iDigliy. 
 
 Pro-loyalist. . jCiranville. 
 
 French Clare. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 II 
 (iranvillf. 
 
 Pro-loyalist. . 
 Loyalist 
 
 Loyalist 
 
 Loyalist . . . , 
 
 1709 Pro-loyalist. 
 1701 
 
 .. I 
 
 . . Loyalist . . . . 
 
 . . ' II . . . . 
 
 . . I Pro -loyalist. . 
 
 . < ti . . 
 
 l817jLoyalist . . 
 
 . . ! Pre- loyalist., 
 
 I '■ 
 
 . . I II 
 
 . . jPre-loyalist. , 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Granville. 
 Digby. 
 
 Digby. 
 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Wilmot. 
 
 11 
 Annapolis. 
 
 Digby. 
 JAnnapolis. 
 iWilmot. 
 
 Clements. 
 Annapolis. 
 
 The followinj,' is a list of the gentlemen who held the office of Custos 
 Rotulorum (President of the JJench of Mfigi.strates) from the division of 
 the county in 1837 to the coming in force of the County Incorporation 
 Act, by which the duties before devolving on the Court of Sessions 
 and the CJrand Jury were superseded : 
 
 Judge Tlionias Ritchie, 18.^7 to 18.")'_'. 
 
 Major Ohipman, 1852 to October term of sessions, 1865. 
 
 Silas L. Mor.se, Barrister, October, 1865, to October, 1867. 
 
 Jared 0. Troop, Barrister, M.RP., October, 1867, to October 27th, 
 187.5. 
 
 William Hallet Ray, M.P., October 27th, 187.5, to the first session of 
 the Municipal Council, January .30th, 1880. 
 
 The first County Council was elected on the third Tuesday of Novem- 
 ber, 1879, and consisted of the following members : 
 
 Ward No. 1 (Melvern Square and Margaretsville) -D. E. McGregor. 
 
 Ward No. 2 (Middleton) — George Roach. 
 
 * For the Province at large. 
 
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 317 
 
 Ward Nf). .'$ (Clarnnct! iind Lawn-iitH^towii) J. Stewai-t L(!()iiiinl. 
 
 Ward No. 4 (Bridf,'etowii) Alfro<l V^idilo, who hold oHic-c till 18!)"), 
 when dc^ftiatfid by Hector Muljean. 
 
 Ward No. r> (ISelleisle) W. H. Younj,'. 
 
 Ward No. G ((iraiiville Kerry, iiichidiiij,' Parker's Cove, etc.) — Georj^e 
 Kennedy. 
 
 Ward No. 7 (Ijowt^r (Jranville) -James li. 'I'lioriie. 
 
 Ward No. 8 (Cleinent,s[)ort) — Janicis P. Kooji, who still liolds office. 
 
 Ward No. 9 (lUuir Uiv.n) William Miln<-r. 
 
 Ward No. 10 (Ainia[)olis lioyal, ineliidiri<{ Le(]uillt! and Round Mill) 
 - Artliur W. Corhitt and J. H. Healy. 
 
 Ward No. 11 (Carleton's Corner, inclu<linj,' Tupperville, Hentville 
 and Paradise) Stephen E. IJent. 
 
 Ward No. 12 (Nictaux) -Isaac Loiij,'ley. 
 
 Ward No. 13 (Sprinj^field and Albany) Joscjph H. I'^reeinan. 
 
 Ward No. 11 (Maitland) Charles A. Kord. 
 
 Ward No. 1") (Dalhousie) — .Ji>8eph Buckler. 
 
 The first Warden elected was (Jeorj^e Kennedy, 1 87!* to 188.'$. lie 
 was sncc-cded l)y James H. Thorne, 188:$ to 188."» ; James P. Jioop, 188") 
 to 188 ; Harris Hardin?,' Chute, 1887 to 1889; James P. Koop, 1889 to 
 the present time. 
 
 TiiK Cknsu.s. 
 
 In 1817 the population of th(^ undivided county was 9,817; in 1827 it 
 iiad increased to 14,GCI, flistributed by relij,'ious beliefs as follows: 
 Church of Kngland, 4,900 : Bajitists, 4,872 ; Romaji Catholics, 2,60 1 ; 
 MothiKlists, 1,77(1; Pres))yterian, 190; others, 19. 
 
 Jn 1838, the year after tlu; division of th<^ county, the population of 
 Annapolis County was 12,036, and that of l>if(by Cttunty 9,189. 
 
 In 1851 the population of the county was 1 1,286. 
 
 In 1861 tlie [K)j)ulation was 16,753, distributed anions the townships 
 and municipal wards as fcdlows : 
 
 Waril. 
 Townsliii) of VVIhiiot . . . I. (Wilniot, Margai'istsvilh! iiml McadinvNuIc, 
 
 now No.s. 1 anil Ki) 1,836 
 
 2. (Mi«Mli(toii and I'ort (Irorge) 1,474 
 
 3. (Clarence and Port l.,orni') 1,434 
 
 Township of (! ran viUc . . 4. (Hridgotown and t-'lnile'.s Cove, or Hampton) 1,4(14 
 
 5. (Hclleislo)' 1, !.-,-> 
 
 I), (dranville l''frry, Parker's Cov(' or Hillsljnrn) 1,252 
 
 7. (Lower (hanville) 8!»8 
 
 Township of Clcnientspoit 8. (ClcniontHport and Clomentx, eiiHt and went) . 1,31{) 
 
 9. (Bear River anil Hessian Line, now (3eni- 
 
 entsvale) 941 
 
li\H 
 
 IIISTOItY OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 Wiinl. 
 Tiiw iisliip of AiiiiapoliH . I((. ( AiiiiapoliH liiiyal, Li'C|iiilk!, Mimchclli^ iind 
 
 K..iin<i llili) 
 
 11, ((Jiii'li'ton'H ('ot'iii^r, iiii'liiiling Tnp|i(!i'villo unci 
 
 oiiHt to I'lirmllm!) 
 
 12. (Ni(^l(uix) 
 
 |)iillii)iiHii' in 
 
 Mail land 14 
 
 iMorM(r» Uoad 15 
 
 Uy religions iih follows : 
 
 HapliNls S,8"t» UiiivcrMaliHis 
 
 ( 'Ininh of Kn>!land 'iJt^O 
 
 MclhodiHl .'M04 
 
 I'nwIiyttM'ianH 
 
 CalliolicH 
 
 C/uakiM's 
 
 hutluMiinH 
 
 ( 'ongi'i'gationaliHtH 
 Wl jdliriMtian DiHripluH. 
 4;«) 
 
 Othn-H. 
 Not Kiv( 
 
 ! ,H()3 
 707 
 
 I ,'2:vi 
 
 5(1 1 
 
 •Am 
 
 i(i,7r.:j 
 
 47 
 
 4(» 
 '2« 
 fi 
 54 
 37 
 
 NniiilxT of huHlit'ls of fipplfiH raiHiul, fi'i, IK"). liUiiil»<!i- producMMJ : \J}'2() 
 thoUHiiii(l f<'(it of jiini^ l)oar<ls ; 1,.")SS thoiisaiid feed, spr'ici) iiikI liciiilock ; 
 r)2 tliousaiid toiiH of .si|tiaro tiiiib(!r ; '200 tliouHaiid slaves. 
 
 In 1H71 tilt! population was 18,1*21, as follows (Kor iiumlxir of 
 and t(!rritory emhradud, neo censuH of IHGI, unfn) : 
 Ily WarilH. 
 
 i,,sit:» 
 
 ward 
 
 VVihnot 
 
 Middlclon (Jornur 1,542 
 
 VhiVMU-M l,<i.V- 
 
 Hiidgiitowii I ,IW'. 
 
 HvUmhU'. 1,000 
 
 <;ninvilli. \'\'.n\ 1,4.''.5 
 
 Ijowcr ( iianvillr 81(1 
 
 ChinidnlMport I ,.'I<I2 
 
 Hear llivcr and HoHHian Line .... 1,272 
 
 Ainiap<ili.M 2,127 
 
 (lailelon'H (/'oilier 700 
 
 Nirtaiix I,;Wti 
 
 DalliouHJc . . . . 
 Moiw-'h Koad 
 Maitland . . . . 
 
 ttOti 
 
 :wi 
 5()7 
 
 Total 18,121 
 
 Ily lU'liKioMH. 
 KaptiHtH 
 (Kogiilai anil otIiei'H, iiirhiiling 
 
 ''i(!<'will UaptiHls) 
 
 Mrtlio.iiMtH, Wenluyan 
 
 MciliodiHts, not clft«Hcd a; " Wns- 
 
 leyaiiH" 
 
 .MrtliodiMtH, K/piHcopal 
 
 Clinridi of Kngland 
 
 Cat liolicH 
 
 I'lCHliyterian.t 
 
 Advent istH 
 
 " Itilile Helii^vern" 
 
 Ijntlii^ran.s 
 
 t^nakorH 
 
 Olii'iKlian (Joiifciunut' 
 
 Univui'HaliHtB 
 
 CoiiK>'<'K"'l in'xil 
 
 Ijiiilai'ian 
 
 I'lynioutli Itrelliieii 
 
 DeJKtH, oi' no r(dif;ion 
 
 OtIierH 
 
 Not given 
 
 Total 
 
 10,027 
 
 I 
 
 .'<.0<t2 
 
 .'lUU 
 
 524 
 
 I7tt 
 
 107 
 
 52 
 
 41 
 
 21) 
 
 1» 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 » 
 
 118 
 
 18,121 
 
IllHTOKY OK ANNAI'OUH. 
 
 :{i!) 
 
 I5iimIm!|h of iipplcH prodiiwMl, 1I,S,()0K. (."iil)ic foot Hquan; pinn tiinhcr 
 (wliit,(!), I'J,7'.U, (hmI), 1,111 ; s(mim) oak, ftOO ; Inrdi iumI iimpl.f. l.'J.HJf); 
 all oilier liin'hrr, (ii.fi.'tf;; pine Io;,'h, ;5K,1-JH; oUior Io;,'h, ]H'>,2\() ; inaHiM, 
 .sj)arM, o(,<;., I '2!» ; thoMsaii(l.s of stavtJH, 2.'{!) ; conJs of laLliwood, 157; cohIh 
 of (InnvofKl, '.\\J)'M. 
 
 In IH8I (lie whoNi population was roturriod at 20,51)8, im followH (l'V»r 
 munbrr of ward uiid Usrritory, h*\*'. JHOI): 
 
 Wilmot 2,'27r) 
 
 iMi<l(ll<'l<)ii I.OlTi 
 
 (Jliiri'Mcr IJ.-J!! 
 
 IJriiJKi'ti.wn J, 448 
 
 Bolli'iHJ.- !,(«)(» 
 
 (.'riuiviili! K'-rry 1,.;)»2 
 
 Lower <iraiivill(i JMM 
 
 CI('iTi<"MtH|i(irt 1,330 
 
 liciii- River- anil lleHHian Lint; .... I.Ti'^t 
 
 Aniiii|i(iliH jloyal '2,,S33 
 
 CaiietorrH Corner HtVi 
 
 Nietaiix 1,510 
 
 DallioiiHie HOli 
 
 MoiHe'u Hiiail 4r)7 
 
 iMaitlanil tilO 
 
 Total 2(),r»!)8 
 
 BaptiHtH— 
 
 KeKnlar 11.114, fn^i^will 8.'..... ll.MW 
 
 MethoiliHlH, :\,H0'2, Kpiwiopal ilo. 3 3,80.'"( 
 
 Churcli of Kn^land 3,557 
 
 I'rcHliyterianH 822 
 
 Catholii'H 54(» 
 
 AflvdntintH '288 
 
 Iti 1)1(1 (JhriHtianH 73 
 
 Lnt IjeraMH 08 
 
 l)iHr,iplrH 41 
 
 ("iingregational 17 
 
 UniverHaliHlH 16 
 
 Quakers 12 
 
 UnitarianH 5 
 
 Itrutliriin 3 
 
 Otlii^rH 20 
 
 Not j^ivcn 104 
 
 I'rofeMHed no f(»rni of roligioim 
 
 belief 19 
 
 Total 2(),0»8 
 
 Nunibnr of InmlKilH of ap|)l»!s |)r<)du(;«!d, .'U 8,1 HO, (Juhic fdot .s(pian) 
 piiio timber (wliit(i), 5,700, (red), 500; oak, 2,500; tamarao, 1,!)50 ; 
 biroii and maple, 1,752; biekory, 250; of all otliorH, 212,(115; pine Io;,'h, 
 <1(),25!{ ; other logs, 90,475 ; masts, spars, etc., 558 ; tbousands of stavoH, 
 4*19; cords lathwood, 80; cords tanbark, 116; cords firewtHxl, 4'.),555. 
 
 Pown to and including tbe yenr 1881, tlie oonmis of population of tli« 
 l)ominioii was taken on tbe ili: jure, system, so called, liy wbi(!li all 
 persons temporally absent, but domiciled lien^, wore countcul, and tliosts 
 tem|)orarily hew from other countri<'.s were excluded. lUit in i)ractico 
 many of th«! yt>un^ nuin wlu) went abroad to tbe larj^o citicis of tbo United 
 Htates to find congenial c;mployment, ntmained abroad ; and it was 
 decichfd in 18!)1 to adopt the >/«/«<;<« system, excluding all actually out of 
 the Province and in some other country. This certainly (excludes many of 
 whom tliis coijnty is still the home, but as no medium plan could be ch^vised, 
 it is perhaps tlie mure accuratt; om). Hut I think the diU'erence in the 
 
;{2() 
 
 msTOIlV (»!•• ANNAI'OLIH. 
 
 two HysUiiiiH fairly acfioiintH for tli(^ ii|i|Hirrii», <I('(rr<>aH(' hIiowii in (lir; 
 j)<)j>ula(.ii»n l)y the cftisiiH of |H!»|, wlicii it wii.s rrturiH-d at l!>,.'5r)W, ;,'iv(!ri 
 hy polling; HiilKliviHioiiH alpliahcticaliy urrangod, us follow.s : 
 
 Aliiia|i()liH Itiiyiil (nil of (lie lowti 
 
 niii'tli of lli<! v'''<>V(:l pit riiiiil) . !ir)l) 
 
 y.vAi- Kivcr (I'M 
 
 H.ll.isl.. 1,0(1,-, 
 
 l<ti(l;;i'li)wii 1,117 
 
 (,'iiili'liiii's (Jipi iicr Hid 
 
 (MiircMic (Hi;{ 
 
 Cli'iiii'iilH (iH7 
 
 (ylrllM'lltMVIlll' 704 
 
 {;|cnic!iitN Wi'Ml 4(17 
 
 l)alli(niHit! 402 
 
 (;niiivill(! Kerry WCt 
 
 Ivower (ir(vii\ illr i)'l',\ 
 
 ilaiii|iliiii ;{74 
 
 Liivvrcnritdwn Liiiic (iH.'t 
 
 l>i'(Hiillc J(2ii 
 
 Miiitliiriil 
 
 M(Uxiir<'tHvil!<^ 
 Miai|((wvii,l<^ . 
 
 Mi'lvci ri 
 
 Miihlli'loii . . 
 
 Milfnnl 
 
 Nrw All)aiiy . 
 
 Nii'laiix 
 
 I'arUfrV (!<)v<! . 
 Port (iciMKi . . 
 Port Liirnc 
 lUiitKl Kill ,. . 
 Spriiij^lii'lil . . . 
 
 4'i'2 
 
 im 
 
 (IH7 
 
 710 
 410 
 '27)» 
 
 77.S 
 r.(i<i 
 
 07:1 
 
 r.HO 
 
 Total i!t,:ir)0 
 
 r>y rclif{ioris : 
 
 KuptiHl (iiK'liiiliii^ Kri'cwiil) 1(1,4(17 
 
 McMiodiMl :t,«i4'2 
 
 CInii i:li of Kiinlaiid :i,.'',l4 
 
 IJllCH. 
 
 Koiiiaii < 'at liolii' 
 PrcHhytcrian . . , , 
 
 AilvnntiHtH 
 
 iSa,lviitioii Ai'iiiy 
 
 l.iitlii'raii 
 
 Iiililo (,'liriHtiati. 
 ('oMKn^gatioiiiil . 
 C^iuiki^'H 
 
 4«r) 
 
 274 
 
 !W 
 
 71 
 
 m 
 m 
 21 
 
 |)iH< 
 
 ( JiiitariaiiH , . . 
 
 IIiiivfrHaliHtH. 
 
 Pr.-tlirr.i 
 
 Tuiikiir 
 
 ProtcHtaiil . . 
 
 OthnrH 
 
 Not. Hp(u;ilieil . 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 2r. 
 
 Total lO-.l.-iO 
 
 There an- n^port.ed iti lHi)l, ;P.) I'.afjtist (tiiurch fMlifuio.s, 21 MetluKliHt, 
 I (5 (Muircii of I'iiii^latid, .'5 I'resltyterian, I Kotiiari (Catholic (to which 
 NJioiild 1m) added aiioth»!r at |{rid{,'et,own), .md one otiie.r hoii.s(\ huilt for 
 worshi[), hut not elaHni(ied. 
 
IIISI'OIIV (»!■• ANNAI'OIJS. 
 (ni)Isti(IM, I'jHTAIii.ihiimknth or Annai'oi.ih ("oiintv, 1801, 
 
 IChI Alll.lNIIMRNTH. 
 
 
 KlXKD OAriTAIi. 
 
 
 «i 
 
 !^ 
 
 (U 
 
 !» 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 
 .hT^. 
 
 :^ 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 •2 
 
 a 
 
 .9 
 
 1 
 a 
 
 II 
 
 1 
 
 O 
 
 f 
 
 o 
 
 a. 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 •3'« 
 
 1^ 
 
 lUiiikHiiiilliciitm 
 
 UiMitH iiml HliiirH 
 
 Itrii'k Mini I ill' iiiiikiii^ 
 
 < 'iiliiiict, luiil tiiiiiil'nt iiiiikiii;{ 
 ('iiriliiiK iiinl lulling iiiiIIh. . . . 
 ('ui'lM'titrl'H'iinil jiiiiiriH' hIiii|)H 
 
 (/'ui'iiiiKi'-tiiiikiii^ 
 
 (Mhthi^ fiii^toiirM 
 
 ('iil(^i' iiiiikitij^ 
 
 ( ;(jii|>ciii/,{rH 
 
 OoiMi'l fiii^lnrv 
 
 l>r)'HHiiiiikiii^'iin>l iiiillliKM'y. . 
 |Ii'J(mI rnill mill vr),;i'.lali!rH. . 
 
 KihIi (Miring 
 
 ||"li>iiiaiiil )iv\Ht iiiillH 
 
 l''iiiiiiili'ii^Hiiiii| iiiii.rli i III! work H 
 
 Hill lll'HH llllll HIlllllllMJl'H 
 Mlll'llll' llllli hIiiIII: I'lll.till^. . 
 
 MiiHiriil iiml I'liiiiriilH 
 
 I'liikiii)^ ciim- tii'^liii'inH 
 
 I'liti'iit iiiiiilicini' fiirliiiy .... 
 
 I'liiit.ii^;iii|ilii(: ^'iillrrirH 
 
 I'liiiiiii^ iiinl iiiDiililiii^'M . . . . 
 I 'I II Ml I ins ami ^iih litliTH , . 
 I'l'iiitin^ llllll itiililisli').; iilliri'H 
 I'liiiip ami wjmliiiill lai^liirii'H 
 
 S.iiliiiakiiij^ 
 
 SiihIi, iliiiiraml lilimi factorii'H 
 
 Saw iiiillM 
 
 iSliiii;ilriiiakiiij{ 
 
 Ship _V'H'<lx 
 
 Siiirit inn WDikH 
 
 'railiii'H ami oiotliit'.i'H 
 
 'ramiriii^H 
 
 'I'iiiHiiiil liiii^ 
 
 W'litrliiiiakiii^ ami .jowollris 
 
 VVi'nvi'iH 
 
 VVdimI tiirniiif^ 
 
 $l!M>0 
 <)S(H) 
 
 i;7() 
 
 I OS." 
 i; 
 
 -J I 10 
 
 Hi} 
 
 I'M) 
 
 •„'.")(> 
 
 triO 
 
 170 
 
 7 
 
 L'OO 
 
 •-'! 'ioo! 
 (ii):ii7.'>o 
 
 47:t:. 
 
 iifilM) 
 
 (WOO 
 
 150 
 
 i:wri 
 
 (ino 
 ii:io 
 
 lO.Vis' 
 
 4(M)| 
 IS(M)I 
 
 i:wr.' 
 ;fjr. 
 :tO() 
 
 200 
 
 'I'M 
 
 7'J:{ 
 
 '2700 
 
 :i(H)o 
 
 IlLTi 
 •275 
 500 
 .'100 
 
 l'2(M» 
 500 
 KM) 
 
 KMIO 
 
 4(10 
 
 'ili«»5 
 
 175 
 
 1(15 
 
 50:i() 
 0705 
 
 •too 
 
 5(K) 
 
 :jooo 
 
 '250 
 
 *t5!W) 
 
 I7i:i 
 
 .'1500 
 0'250 
 1700 
 
 1 000 
 H55 
 
 170 
 1105 
 •2(MI."I 
 
 :<oo 
 
 '205 
 
 .500 
 
 '2'27H 
 
 1510 
 
 .5* Kin 
 
 HOO 
 
 •210 
 
 700 
 
 I. 'KM I 
 
 •2.50 
 1000 
 
 •2.50 
 .5000 
 
 (•10 
 
 100 
 
 IN(HI 
 
 r)05(>0 
 
 I KM) 
 
 775 
 I.5IM) 
 1510 
 ■2'2 10 
 
 •250 
 
 no 
 
 1015 
 '200 
 
 $00:10 
 
 51.S5 
 
 IH7(M) 
 
 11.500 
 
 75 
 
 :ti5 
 
 (1(05 
 l'275i 
 
 51.571 
 
 •20(M)1 
 IO(M)i 
 50(M»; 
 '2.5(M)! 
 
 575' 
 (iO(Hl| 
 
 i:t(Mi 
 
 2I(M» 
 
 1700 
 
 '2(M> 
 
 K(MH) 
 
 100(1 
 1.'{.50 
 .'{(MM) 
 
 '2(M» 
 '21 MM) 
 
 I)(i0 
 •2(H)0 
 
 KM) 
 
 :tiooo 
 
 10710, 
 •25(M)' 
 'KM)()j 
 I '2.50 
 1.5(H) 
 
 (i'2 
 
 .'t 
 
 .'ii!17l(Mi 
 
 « 
 
 .'17 
 
 :» 
 
 .S5(15 
 
 
 '20 
 
 
 H-2.50 
 
 
 ;<(( 
 
 1 
 
 l'200(i 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 1010 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 1015 
 
 
 :<(( 
 
 •> 
 
 O.'WI 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 (i05 
 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 |-2(M) 
 
 
 (1*2 
 
 (> 
 
 (1.574 
 
 
 1'2 
 
 
 •25) M) 
 
 
 l'2 
 
 
 IS(M) 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 •2.5(M) 
 
 
 •M 
 
 \1 
 
 1^2.'tO 
 
 
 !( 
 
 
 1417 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 4(HiO 
 
 
 1) 
 
 1 
 
 :ioi7 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 •2750 
 
 
 (t 
 
 i 
 
 •2(MM) 
 
 
 :< 
 
 
 0.50 
 
 ■[ 
 
 '2 
 
 I2(M) 
 
 '2 
 1 
 
 
 7.50 
 .5.50 
 
 :i 
 
 '2 
 
 1.500 
 
 5 
 
 
 <)(H) 
 
 :{ 
 
 
 l(HM)i 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 KUM)' 
 
 JIH 
 
 l'2 
 
 )i7(l!«» 1 
 
 .-1 1 
 
 .5.50 
 
 H-2 1 
 
 ■2 KiOO 
 
 Ml .. 
 
 7(M)() 
 
 45, r> 
 
 l()»'25 
 
 14; '2 
 
 4'24() 
 
 2j.. 
 
 HOO 
 
 •V. 
 
 r2(H) 
 
 \0\.. 
 
 I.545I 
 
 10 
 
 !° 
 
 31)08 
 
 
 I 
 
 l'24l.'<{fl(il)0.'> 
 
 H'2(i7i 
 
 l'2(Mli 
 
 05HS; 
 
 .54'24| 
 
 1'205! 
 
 105:10: 
 
 '2010 
 
 l'2(i5 
 
 SI)'2I 
 
 KMM) 
 
 '2:i(M) 
 
 7.5(MI 
 
 (1'20M 
 
 (1710 
 
 4(M)0 
 
 .'1070 
 
 •2.'tO(i' 
 
 •2800' 
 
 10(H), 
 
 4(H) 
 
 200 
 
 l)(M) 
 
 125 
 
 (KM) 
 
 1044 
 
 '2.5(M) 
 
 '2(MM) 
 
 '20HS1 
 
 )1'25 
 
 l,S(HM) 
 
 1I(MM)| 
 
 14.505! 
 
 5.5OO1 
 
 2S)M)i 
 
 ;t.-,o 
 
 '21 0:1 1 
 
 4««:j| 
 
 •27^2(M) 
 
 14(K)(> 
 
 .'{()0(H) 
 
 S(i7() 
 
 .5(M)2 
 
 ;{(Mi7.5 
 
 .5(MM» 
 
 7)>'2.5 
 
 •2:i'24'2 
 
 l.5(M) 
 
 7410 
 
 l.'KHH) 
 
 1.5701 
 
 1*2(170 
 
 1'2(HM> 
 
 0.550 
 
 SH(M) 
 
 (IHIM) 
 
 '2S(M) 
 
 :t500 
 
 IO(M) 
 
 '2'2(M) 
 
 KMM) 
 
 :<(MH) 
 
 (i:t50 
 
 4H00 
 
 .5(MM) 
 
 2(100!(5 
 
 •2 1-25 
 
 .5.50.50 
 
 '25(MM) 
 
 :i:t.'l'25 
 
 1(WS5 
 
 4000 
 
 ■„'(i(M) 
 
 4.5:15 
 
 1 2000 
 
 'rii(!S(i roturiiH aro ovidoiitly dcfiMitivc. TIk^c*! wdn^ iit IdfiMi oim wodINmi 
 (iiill id till! (^(iiiiify anil two priiiliiif.; and piiltjisliiii^ rsl.alilisliiiK^titH. 
 
 NmnhiT oF IhisIk^I.s ol' applcH pt'iiiliicfil, 2I2,I!)'J. IjuiiiIxt prodiiciid : 
 Culiio fnot, of Hi|uar(! piiH! t,iml)tM' (wliiU^), .'?,(;00, (ivd), liOO ; oak, l,s:i(); 
 tarriarac, .'$'JI ; Itin^li and inapli-, 2,(Wt2 ; liickory, ; all (»tln!r, 'JII,:57S; 
 riuinlMT of pin(! Ii>;,'h, 17, 208; oUn^r loifH (Hprucc and ollmr), •JI(),.'t.')G ; 
 inast.H and spai'M, 2H ; lliousand.s of Htavtis, ('il{2 ; (Mtrds of lalliwood, 1 (7 ; 
 tanl)ark, 01)2 ; fii'»jwood, 4r»,;{;J7. 
 21 
 
.'{22 IllSnillV OK ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 'I'liK Ai'I'm; TifAiti:. 
 
 TIm' ciKillilolls ilrM'|(i|iiiii'ril< lit' llli- ;i,|)|ilc ihihiii;; ;imiI ex |i(i|I inj,' IdlsinrMH 
 ffujuicoM iKil if"' lii'ir, I'roliiilil y llii' tlrnt .slii|iiii<Mil. I'loiii (Iiih roiiiily to 
 I'ImkIiukI wiiH Ity iJif \iiU' I'irni.imiii VVicr, of llalit'iix, iinil AiiiliruHc I'riit, 
 1)1' I'linidirfi^, ill |HI!), 'I'lii' Hlii|)iiiciil. whh iiiailc I'nun llulil'.ix lo liivri-|Miiil 
 liy Hailing vuhncI, uii'I iIm' prici' rruli/.rd wn,'. almiil xj |m'I' ii.uii'l. In 
 IHTiC) Mr. Hr-iil. Mlii|»|HMl t.o ISiihI.oii liy scIiihmht l'<i,riiil.ini: 700 luiiTflH, tin- 
 (irHl, (.(I l.liat. iiiaiki^t- in !iiiy <|iiaiil.il.y, rcali/.inj,' almiil, l|!'J.7.''> pi-r l»(i,rrfl. 
 In hirccniliiT, l><()l, ;\. W. (!(iri»it,(, (Jicn one ol' tlic li'adin;^ nii'r(!lian(s <»(' 
 AnnapxIiH, (icorf,'^ Weils, Mr. I'Vank linliinson luid I'linlon SandcrH 
 iinititd in iJir vt'iilnrr ul' .slii|i|iin;r Lint lii'Ht. cargo (lircrl, I'roiii AnnapoiiM to 
 London, and iin-l willi IIm^ Iohh wliii'li ho often disap|iuinls IJk^ cnt.erpiiMr 
 of pionnci'H in llllHin(^'^H l.lial. afl,i'r\vardn proves prolilaWle. AIkhiI the 
 Haini' time Jolin ljil.li;^ow, of Halifax, sliippeil a (tarj^o direi'l. from 
 AimapoliH to the Old (!ouiit,ry, Imt, t,liin alHo was an unfort.nnate venliiie. 
 'I'lie \\yh\, Ht.e.aintM' to rari'y apples direct, fi'oin lliis port, l,o London was the 
 Ni-iitnii.f, svliicli .'failed April lind, IMKj. Slie carried t;,KO() h/irrels, of 
 wliicli I, lie i^'ieater pai'l lieloiii^ed to Anilirose Itent and I'eiijaniin St.ai-rat t, 
 of I'aradiHe, and arrived al, lioiidnii in foiirlei'ii days, .Mr. i'enl. ;{oing in 
 her as Hiipei'i'ar;,'o. 'I'liis veiiliiie was fairly snecessfiil. 'I'he liiisines.s 
 from that, lime has (W)iil,iniied to increase in volume, thi! av'era;;e ii,nniial 
 Hhipmeiil, from this coimly l.o Ln^^land the last. I en years liein;^ alioiit. 
 40,000 harrels. 
 
lUOC.UAI'IIK Al. MI':M()IRS 
 
 OK 
 
 MKMHKUS i)V TIIK I'lUtVINCIAL I'AKI.I A M KN'I' K<Ul TIIK (MtJNTY 
 Oh' ANNAI'OLIS ANI» IIS SKVKKAI, lOW N'MIM I'M. 
 
 I7r.'.» IH(17. 
 
 (!()l/)NI';i< .ir)N,\'l'IIAN llOAIt. 
 
 IT.'iK 1 7111, ITIm 1 770. 
 
 A cmiliiiy Of iniirc :mii, I'i'W iinjiii-s wcri' licU.i'c kiKiwn <ii' niurf' (^crifr' 
 Jilly n;H|»^(:lri'(| ill Nuva Scoi.i;;,, iJiiiii lliiil, uf < IuIdim'I, Hdiiii't.iincH ciillcd 
 .IihI^h, Hoar-. Ili^ was a iiativi^ of MiisHacliiiHrl-ls, iiiiil as a lifiit.ciiaiil. in 
 oriir of l/lii^ roloiiial I'l'^^iiiiciits look part, in tJic rcdin;! ion of LoiiiHinii'^, 
 JTTjH, and was prohahly also |iri^scnl. in jiii inliM'ior- (japacily, in tins 
 opcr'at.ions al l,lii' iK^ad of I, lie l!a,y of {''iindy, under VV'insiow, in \7!'>i'>. 
 'i'lic name of -lonatlian lloarocriUH in a " list, of faniiliits wliicli liavc lii-cii 
 Hc,U,l('d ill Nova Hcot.ia since 171'.),'' wlii(t|i Imwhs date .Inly, l7o'J, in 
 wliieli liiH lidiiseiiold is sl.ai.ed l.o have eonsislitd of two individuals only 
 
 liotli males. He was l,liei(;fore eerliiinly not, niariied al. that. rlal/<^ tJie 
 seeond male liein^' prolialdy a servant,. Il(^ seems t.ri have reiiiaiiMtd in 
 Halifax until aliout, 17')'.), when Im; is found domiciled on om- of t.he 
 hlockH (}f land granted l.o him in that year in this (;ounty. I''ive hundred 
 a(!res having (.ho Allaiii, now l/eijuille, Uiver for its eaHi.ern houndary, 
 was long known as (.he Hoar grant. Here he huill. a Iiouhi;, t.he cellar of 
 wliidi Htill romains. The dwelling sLood a little to tlie Houthward of tliat 
 o(u!upi(!d in hiH liftjtime liy the late .lanujH Ki(!(!,* whose futhisr was tin; 
 intimate friend, and HoinetiiiifiH in his almitturt!, t.he htr.inn lawns, of the 
 grantee. 
 
 The first Houho of AHsemltly met in Oi:toher, I 7r)H, shortly after the 
 fall of Louisliurg. ThiH aHHoinliiy had IxMtti clioseti liy tho tOootoiH of the 
 Proviiuie at larger, and its e.xiHtence terminated with its oidy Hession. ]ii 
 17r>y a iiow lloUHo wiiH failed, iitui (Joloriel Hoar wan eloctod a« the firHt 
 
 •T<irn ilown In 1802 wlmii it wiih (■.(inHiilonxt tlio nIdtiHt hoiimi in tlio viuinity of 
 AiiiiiipollH. |Ki>. I 
 
',\2\- IllSlnltV UK ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 i(f|iiTN()titiil.ivc for tlic iifw <(Mmt y, in cDnjimclJoii with KiasmuH .I/iiii«'h 
 IMiillipH, hIhii ;i mililarv iiuiri \vli<» st-rvi'tl witli liiiii until tlir i'X|iirati(Mi 
 of t,li<! AsscniMy (•auHcd l>y llii' ilriitli of <!roi;^r II., in I TtlD. In llic 
 oluotioii wlii(;lifnsu<>(l in cnnHdfiuorKMMtf that i-viiil, ITUl, ■liisc|ili VVinnit-tt 
 anil TlioniaH Day, (Mvilians, wcm- cicrlctl, Imt: in ITtl'i ('(iIomi-I Hoar was 
 a^aiii clioMcn nicinlti-r for tin* to\snslii|) of .\iiiia|iolis, wliicli lie con 
 iiiuicd to rrprcscnt in tlic Hoiivii', until Niijifrsnlcd hy Oliadiali \Vln'flock 
 in 1770. 
 
 In l7<t"J III' wa.s apiioinlrd to a indj,'rHlii|i in tin- nrwly i'sl,altli,sliii<l 
 rourt of (Ninirnon I'lran, in \< liicli rajiarity In- is said to liavi- iliscliarf,'i'd 
 liJH dulJi'S with inti';,'i'ity and fail Id'nlni'SM.- Mr also look an arlivr and 
 loading part in tho orL^aiii/atiim of Lhc ndlitia of I lie ioiimIv, and a d<r|> 
 int(!ri'st in till! I'ldt.ivat.ion of its soil. Tin' following ifiti'r, addri'ssid to 
 till- Provincial Sccrrtary, will show that it- was usually upon his rcconi 
 nicndation that lonunissions in tin- militia wen- issued. 1 1 \h dated 
 Annapolis Hoyal, An;,"isl Kith, I7<i.'i; 
 
 " SiK, I li.'iil till' liiiiKiir of icci'ivin;; n tew lini^s linin ynu, ihiliij Aii^iiisl "Jiicl, 
 
 ilM^liiHiii^ II iiiiiiiIm'i- III' i:iiiMliiiHsi()MK fur the iiiililia of IIiIh inly. I wns likewise 
 
 ilcHiri'ij to Hctiil Mr. LiiveH's* natiii', wliu ili'siicM iiic iiislriiil iif irliiiiiiiij{ his imiiic, 
 to return IiIh thiiiikH tn tin liuvi i iiiiii'iil lor I lie hiiiiiiiir ili'Mi;(iii'il him in >;iving him a 
 
 ( 'llplilins I'DinmiMHiiMi, Iml liy leiiHnll nf iriiliH|iiisil ion of limly, he lie^^s In lie exeilseil. 
 " 1 iim Hill rv line ( 'ii|itiiin .liilie/, Simw, of < liiin\ ille. \mis nej^leeteij mie I hal wiis 
 II eiiptiiin nil lust «ar, iinil lielmveil willi re|)nliil inn. ,\i rnrilin;^ In your ile.Miie I 
 shall iiniiiinale fur siiliallerns Ihe fnlln^Nin^ iteiHiins : Captain liaH's ('niiipany 
 
 William (iiiives anii lienjaiiiin Shaw; fur ('a|itain "s ('nnipany Samuel 
 
 Wade anil I'aul (/'rnker ; iinil fur (Jiptain Kvans' ('ninpany. .Aimer MniNe and Jnsi'iih 
 ItilHH. 1 woiilil take the lilieity »f reenmiiienilin^ one Mr. Olilliam liates, in the 
 room of ('aptain Lovett. " 
 
 In the census enumer;it ions of the township of .Annapolis made in 
 17(!7, luH hoUHCihold is said to have emiiraced live individuals four males 
 and DIM' female ; that is, a houskeeper, and three farm servants. They 
 were all of Amei'iean or old colonial hirth. Mis fai m stoi-k in that- year 
 coin|)rised I.'} horses, I S oxen, 215 cowh, 27 yoiinj^ cattle and IfiO sheep; 
 and his farm produced 100 l)UHliels of rye, :.'2 of li/uli'y :uid L'l) of oats 
 with 10 liushels of peas aiul heaiis, so that the old hachelor gentleman 
 was really a farmer. 
 
 That Hoar resided in Anmipolis, or that he was slalioned there in 
 connection with its defence in 17.'3!), is made ertain hy the following 
 incident recorded in " Niles' History of the Imliitn and l''rench Wars." 
 
 " (Jn Ihi^.'iOlh of June, IT'iD, a |iiirty of the enemy, in the iii^lit, at Anna|iiilis 
 Koyal, eanie anil ilrove a« ay twelve lieail of ealt le which were missed in the niorniii).;. 
 Colonel Hour,! with a |iaily, was iirilered to pursue them, which they did, and iiholit 
 
 * Thi) father of the Into (Jolonid IMiinuiiH Lovctt. 
 I Then Captain or Major Hoar. 
 
<nl.(»N|;i, JONATHAN lluAll. '\'2'> 
 
 li\i' ill I III' aflri iiiiiiii iiM'i'liMik thi'iii. ii|iiiM u liii'h II MiiiMi'l Hkii'liiiHli i'Iihiii'iI. iiiiil t lii' 
 I'lli'niV Niiiiii ii'l irillril iinil li'fl I III' (III I Ir ; llir\ liillli'il ilK"ill. '"ll wrir UJ^uill fiiirril 
 to ii'tri'iil. ll I'liiiiiii;; vny limil, iiiiil mil' iiii'ii lii'iii^' iiiiiili liil i^'iiiil, iiml liiiviii^ liltlr 
 III' (III |il'ii\ JMinii, lliiiii^lit il IiI'nI to I'i'liiiii, wllii'h llli'V iliil urriirilillMlv. Ill I III' 
 iiliii'iiiii;{ II IVrsli |iiii't y liiiik lint ii|iiiii I ln' |iiii Miiil , iiiul ijilii'Ulv niliii' in hI^IiI nf t liriii, 
 ll|Hill wliii^li tlir t'lii'iiiy lli'il, li'ii\ ili^ llir nitlli' wliirli llicy liilil irrnvi'l'iiil itfliT iilir 
 iiiinrH riilii'iii^. Ii'iiviii^ lii'liiml llii'iii hihih' i'iiiii|i ki^ltlrx, iiiiiiiiiiiiitJDn ami |iriiviMiiitiM, 
 Willi 11 li.'il Willi ll ii.'ill lull' llniiii^'li I III' I I'liwii nf il, ii liiimlki rrliii'f iiiiil hi'vitiiI 
 
 |lil-i'l'M nf lilii'li sxilli lillli'll lilnml nil I lll'lll. I'|inll I III' \\ linll' I III' lil'llll vinlll nf till) 
 nllii'i'i'H, anil i'.M|iiTiiilly tliiil 'if llii' |ii'iiiri|iiil iniiiiiiiiiiili'i', Cnlniii'l llniir, iinil llii' |il'i) 
 vliiriiilH, all ilrHi'i'Vr Iiiiil a|i|ilaiisi', I'xri'pl all rii»<i;!n wnil li y In ii'inaiii iiiiimi'Ii'hh, 
 wIliiHi' lift' wiiH sn ilrar In liilii I lull lir rniilil iint lirar I lir I linil^lil nf ili'iil ll, ami I lii'i'i' 
 fori l«ft IiIh |>arty, anil run linrk In I lir ^^airiMnn, iipwanlH nf fniirli'rli niili'H, iti a Hlinrl. 
 Hpari' nf lime. 
 
 'riiis I'ciiitidii iiiriil<!iitjilly f'lxiis tlit' fotuix of O.n: IViiy rrpoili'd, to liavo 
 l»'i-ii iiiil< far from tlio HtHtiio of tJiiit ot.lici' li'ss Miicct-.sHftil li;;l>t, which 
 oc'(!urri!fl (umrly fifty yours huforci, iii lUoody ('n!(^l<, 1711. 
 
 Ah h jtiil^o Hiid ll iiiii<{isli'atc, hi* iiiaitittiiiiiMJ ii (■iianictiti- for npri^litnoNH 
 urid iiit<<>!li;ri-n<'<>, and scnns l.o havr itci'ii, liy roininoii (tiiiiNiuit, aoknow- 
 l<>d<{<!i| as l.ht! h'adcr and h<;iii>fai!t.oi' of tJit* iiiiialiitraiitH who o(MMi|ii<*d thn 
 old capital a c(>iitiiry and a third a^o. Il(> also a|ipi'arH to liav<> Ix^on a 
 man hcM in hi^h t'slimalion in Ids iiativt* province. In 1 7')2 (iovttrnor 
 I'arnai'd, of tliat provinctt, raisnl a ro^iiixMit, of wliii-h h** was to l)*> 
 himself the (yolonrl, for scrvici* a^^ainst IIm* l''icnch, and he sc^iectcd Hoar 
 to l)f its Iii*Mit*>nant-('oloiirl ; lint peace havin;{ been made in the follow- 
 ing^ year, the <;oi'ps was not needed. It was this commission that yave 
 him the title hy which he was afterwards so well iaiown. Me was 
 also connnissioned a colonel in tlie local militia, in which I ha\e alreatly 
 said he took a ;rreat interest, and assisted in its ei;irliest or;{aiii/.atiun. 
 
 In 1702 he seems to haM< I'esided in Halifax, for i ''iid his name 
 recorded as one of a Ciiuncil of War, which freipieiii ,j met in that 
 3'eai'. lie was also one of a court-martial, on no less tJian seventeen 
 oc(*asi(*tis, at did'erent. times in that city, in 17('>7 he was Hurr<»j5ate 
 Jiidj;*! of I'rohate for Annapniis. It wasalioiit the year I7H() that he left 
 his home iit Anna])iilis thou^^h tradition says for Kii^^land, I am incliiKtd 
 to helim'c it would he more correct to say, for his native, proviiuje— and 
 he never returned to it again. He took ill and died, leaving no descend- 
 ants to inherit his property or his nain(\ [lis n-al (^statti consisted of 
 several hlocks <»f land amounting to r»,r)()0 acres. This lai'gcf (-state was 
 sold in 17H'J, to thu late John lUtchie, grandfather of thi* Chief Justice 
 of this Dominion, for tins sum of livcHl.y ponndx! Colonel Prince was 
 the oxecutor nanmd in the will, hut how that instruinfiiit directed the 
 projierty to he dispos(Hl of T do not know. 
 
 Ilis h<!avy silverhilted sworcJ went into the poHS(fssion of his locum 
 Itiuens, the late; Mr. John Hice, who many years after sent the hilt to 
 
32(i • IIISTOUY ol' ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 BoHton, wh«re ho ordortMl it to he mclti'd u|>, iiiiil a set of lu'iivy Milvnr 
 spcHJiiH tt» bo niiulp from it. Tlicsi' Hpoons, it is Haiti, are yot in i'xist«^nco, 
 and in the poHscssion of tlic fiiiiiily. AiiothtT relit! of i\w worthy nld 
 Colonel reiniiins to this diiy, and in an excellent state of jiicservation ; it 
 is a solidly eonstiiieted iliest of drawers aixl secretary eoinhined, in the 
 style of a hundretl years ayo. It was in the possession of the late John L. 
 lliee, deputy sheritl'at Annapolis, who also had the I laniard Commission, 
 heforc referred to, in his possession. 
 
 EU.VMMrS J.\MKS I'MILLFPS. 
 17.>0-17«0. 
 
 I do not know about tin.s {gentleman's birth and parenta;{e, but ho was 
 probably iiof a son of (Jovernor Phillipps. He entered the lOth regiment 
 when a young man, and some time befort? the death of Armstionj; in 
 1739, and at that period ho was also a momljor of the Council, and as 
 such was the friend and associate of Edwai'd Andierst (tlit^ maternal 
 grantlfather of our (Jeneial Williams) ; of good old Paul ^fascarene, 
 afterwards Ijieutenant-(ioveiiior ; of John Handheld, who superintended 
 the embarkation of the exiled French hdhitdus \ and of William W^inniett, 
 then the leading merchant of Annapolis, and of his son Joseph Wituiiett, 
 to whom, if r mistake not, he afterwards became a brother-in-law by his 
 marriage with Mrs. Winniott's sistei-. 
 
 The Hist public em{>loyment assigned Mr. Phillips outsidt; of his duties 
 as a councillor, was that of a commissioner " to mark out and settle " the 
 lK)undaries betweeji the Province of Massachu.setts Hay and the colony 
 of Rhode Island. The royal commission under which he and his fellow- 
 commidsioners were appointed, was <lated tth September, 1740. They 
 were selected from the provinces of New York, New Jersey, and Nova 
 Scotia. Skene, Mhirreflf, Cope, and Otho Hamilton were the other Nova 
 Scotia commissioners. 
 
 Phillips wivs successively ensign, lieutenant, captain, major and lieu- 
 tenant-colonel in the 40th regiment, so long stationed in that town. 
 While an ensign in 17-0, he was selected by the acting governor, with 
 Captain Joseph Bennett, of the .same regiment, to acctmipany the J'rench 
 deputies to Minas to tender the oaths of allegiance to the habitans in 
 that district. Soon after his return from this delicate mission he was 
 taken into the Council, at which Board he continued to hold a seat until 
 his death. In 1747, the year of the sad disastei' at (Jlrand Pre, Mr. 
 Phillips was joined with Edward How in the administration of civil 
 affairs in that portion of the Province. 
 
 From 1729 he held the connnission of Judge Advocate-General in the 
 Court of Vice- Admiralty until 1749, when on the occasion of being sworn 
 
EUASMl'S .lA.MKS J'Uir.MI'S. ',\'17 
 
 in lis (iiic (it' tlic Cotiruil of Ooriiwallis, he rnsij^iu'd tin- otlicc, t»>lliii;{ tho 
 iit'sv (iovfi'Moi' tliiil it wiiiiM liriift't'iii'tii lie iiii|i<)NMilil(t t'i)i- liiiii "to iiltriitl 
 Hiui oxecut») tht' duties f>t' HuitI iillict*." 
 
 Mr. I'liiliips WHS flcotcd )i iiifiiilMT of tho Mooond Hoiiso of Assembly, 
 c()iivi'ni'<l ill tlie Pruviiicc in ITTi!*. lie was choseti for this county, 
 Coloiiitl floMiitliiiii lloiir iM'iii;{ his enlleii<{ue, l)Ut his ie^islgitive career wuH 
 of short duration, tliou^h it ended only with his Ufe. I'revious to this 
 event he was honoured iiy a vote* <if thaiilis of the t'ouncil for serviees 
 rendered in ITT)? in mai\iiii,' prisoners of a nuiiilier of French /('f/'/^(/»^, 
 wiio, having iiiana^(^d to avoid capture at tiie time of tlie expulsion, had 
 formed u temporary setthMiient on tlie shores of St. Mary's Hay He 
 appears to have Ixien an ahle, etu'i'fietic and (itlicient otlitjer, in both his 
 military and civil employments, anil mana;{ed with jud;;inent public 
 aiFairs ie(|uirinj^ tlu^ exerc-ise of skill and tact, seldom failing to acijuit 
 himself with credit and success. 
 
 On the retii-ement of Mascareiu^, Major Phillips became commander of 
 t\u' forces at Annapolis, in which capacity he acted until his sudden 
 death in 17<)0. [ coj)y in full a letter of iiistructi(»ns addressed by 
 Governor Lawrence in ITol), as it will serve to show the nature of some 
 of the duties belonj^in<{ to his position. This letter boars date April 18th, 
 and reads as follows : 
 
 "SiK, You know peihiips liy lliis time that the iiitcmlctl nponiliniiH of tho 
 eiiHuing i!iinipiiigii will driiM all the regular ti'<Mi|).s from the Itay of Fuiiily, and that 
 they are to be re])laee(l )>y provineials who iiiUMt lie totally unaetpiainted with the 
 King's service in this iH'ovinee, or the methods of carrying it on. Hut as you liy a 
 long contiiiiianee here, and attention to ]iu)>li(^ eonceniH are a competent judge of 
 thoHC matteiH, I shall rely on ^-ouf vigilance and conduct. 
 
 " The olijcet of your care will lie to preserve a constant communication and inter- 
 course tlirouglumt tlie Uay ; to transmit all intelligence of any consequence to me, 
 and to take the jiroper methods of supplying tliein with necessary stores and 
 provisions. 
 
 " I now send the Siioirj- to Halifax up the hay with deputies from some of the 
 people of t'onnedieiit and Rhode Ishuul. They go to view the lands that they may 
 report the nature of them to those who arc desirous of coining to settle in the 
 Province. 
 
 "When the I'or/' and Jta/1/ii.r return from Boston, they shall lie stalioued in the 
 Bay of Fundy, with orders to follow all such service, and I shall also order all 
 vessels lielonging to the Province who go into the hay to receive yoiir instructions 
 relating to the general purpose. Hy this means I liope that a fi'e(|uen;, intercourse 
 may lie kept up so that I may never want intelligence, and I make no doiilit of this 
 as I am not unacquainted with your 7.cal for His Majesty's service. 
 
 "(Signed), CuAKLES liAWKKNCK." 
 
 To this communication Mr. Dulkeley, secretary, by command added 
 the following postscript : ;; 
 
 * This was, I believe, the first vote of the kind given in the Province. 
 + A snow was a fonr-niasted schooner. 
 
'.i'lH HISTOUY OK ANNAI'OLIH. 
 
 "In order to forward the wervioe more etf'ectiml, tlie (lo\ rninent orders tlie 
 Monutoii suliooner will iiIho i-einiiin in the Hay of Funtly and lo be stationed where 
 Major IMiilli])|)3 tliiiiku proper, ('aptain Moreeonib's orders direct him to receive his 
 further orders l)y Major I'iiillipps as will appear by these." 
 
 A few niontlis after the murder of Kdward How, namely, on 1st 
 January, 1750, Cornwalli.s i.s,sued a special commission to Mr. Phillips, as 
 Judge of Probate and Wills in the premises. The ret ital in this docu- 
 ment sets forth that it is done " by reason of the distance between Anna- 
 polis Royal and the said town of Halifax, the inclemency of the weather, 
 and the difficulty of travelling through the country at this time would be 
 attended with great inconvenience and danger to the person or persons 
 on whon: the proof of the said Will depends." In conclusion it required 
 him " to transmit the original Will of the said Edward How together 
 with this commission and your proceedings thereon to me at Halifax as 
 soon as convenient may be." 
 
 As I have before stated, T believe Major Phillips married a Dyson, 
 a sister — perhaps a cousin — of Mrs. Joseph Winniett, but whether the 
 marriage was barren or fruitful, I do not know. The n^mes of John 
 and Ann Philips appear among the grantees of Granville, but as these 
 names are spelled differently I think they did not belong to the Major's 
 faniil}'. 
 
 Mr. Phillips died at Halifax, while on a visit to that town, very 
 suddenly of apoplexy in 1760. 
 
 JOHN STEELE. 
 1761-1762. 
 
 This member of the Legislature was a surgeon by profession and a 
 lieutenant in Shirley's regiment.* He came to Halifax with Cornwallis 
 in 1749, and was a passenger on board the ship Beaufort. He most 
 probably removed from that city to Annapolis in 1759 or 1760, to practise 
 his profession. In 1752 he lived in the south suburbs of Halifax, his 
 family then consisting of four male meniljers over sixteen years of age, 
 and three females over the same age.f The fact of his having no 
 children at this period under sixteen seems to indicate that he was well 
 advanced in years. He was the proprietor of lot No. 53 in the 
 township of Annapolis, and his name on the plan is given as Doctor 
 John Steele. His colleague in the represent, r in was Joseph Woodmas, 
 a notice of whom follows. 
 
 On the 2l8t Ju'y, 1761, a motion having been made in the House of 
 Assembly to appoint a committee to prepare an add ',d to the Governor, 
 praying liim to establish a court in the several counties, to be styled "the 
 
 * Nova Scotia Archives, 537. + Nova Scotia Archives, 656. 
 
JOSEPH WOODMAS — THOMAS DAY. 329 
 
 Inferior Court of Common Pleas," l)oth Mr. Steele and Mr.Woodmaa were 
 choaen members of it. Tliey prepared and presented tlie address on the 
 same day to His Excellency, who in reply informed the House that he 
 would, with the advice of the Council, constitute such immediately with 
 rules of practice for observance in the procedure. 
 
 A bill was shortly after sent dowi» by the Council and pa.ssed by the 
 House. One of the clauses of the Act provided tliat the judges were to 
 serve one year without salary. Mr. Steele was one of the grantees of the 
 block of land lying next westwardly from the " Corbin and Dyson grant " 
 a short distance west of Annsipolis. He died while a member of the 
 Assembly, and it is almost certain that his family returned to Halifax 
 after his decease, for no family bearing that name is to be found in the 
 enumeration made of the people in 1768. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODMAS. 
 1761-1765. 
 
 Mr. Woodmas represented the county for four years. He came out 
 from England about the year 1760 — perhaps a few years earlier — in the 
 capacity of Receiver-General of Quit-rents for the Province, a position 
 which he continued to hold till 1774. He was a leading magistrate in 
 Halifax from the close of his legislative career till the year 1775, in 
 which year he went to England to settle his accounts at the Treasury. 
 He never returned to this country, having died in England shortly after 
 the settlement of his aflFairs there. He was the first member of the 
 Assembly in Nova Scotia who was ordered to apologize to the House for 
 using improper language to a member. It appears he hiid had an alter- 
 cation "outside the House" with Nesbitt, the Speaker, who afterward 
 complained in his place that Woodmas, the member for Annapolis, liad 
 used " violent and threatening " words to him, whereupon the House 
 ordered him to apologize, which he did. 
 
 Whether Mr. Woodmas ever lived at Annapolis or not, I have not 
 been able to determine, nor whether he left heirs in the Province. 
 
 THOMAS DAY. 
 1761-1765. 
 
 This gentleman represented the township of Annapolis for four years, 
 and was the colleague of Joseph Winniett in its representation in the 
 third General Assembly. He was succeeded by Colonel Hoar in 1765. 
 I have not been able to recover any particulars concerning liim. 
 
 His name does not appear either in the census of 176S or in that of 
 1770, from which it may be inferred that he was only a temporary 
 resident in the county. 
 
330 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 JOSKPII WTNNTETT. 
 ]7(U-176".. I7«.')-I770. 
 
 The subject of our present notioo was Iwrn in Annapolis in 1726, and 
 was the son of William Winniett, of whom a sketch will appear in the 
 genealoj^ies. \V'ith some of his brothers he received in the old Boston 
 Grammar School that sound educational training which fjualified him as 
 Justice of the Peace, as Collector of Excise and Customs duties, as Judge 
 of Probates and Wills, as Registrar of Deeds, as a special Commissioner, 
 and as a member of the Assembly, to acquit himself with credit and 
 success, and to gain as well as to merit the fullest approval both of those 
 whom he served and those by whom he was employed. 
 
 At the time of his first election, in 1761, he was thirty-five years of 
 age ; his colleague was Thomas Day, and they were the first representa- 
 tives of the township of Annapolis. Woo<lmas and Harris (the latter 
 vice Steele, deceased) were metnbers for the county at the same time. This 
 election took place in consequence of the death of the King (George II.) 
 in 1760. Mr. Winniett took his seat on the 7th of June, 1762. In the 
 same year he had occasion to complain to the head of the administration 
 (Belcher) of the conduct of Captain Sinclair, the commanding officer at 
 Annapolis, in forcibly taking out of his possession a boat which had been 
 furnished him by the Provincial Secretary (Bulkely) to enable him " to 
 aid Colonel Aburthnot in bringing in the French on the Saint John 
 River." It was also in this year that he was appointed to be a Justice of 
 the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, a position which he continued to 
 hold for many years. In 1765 he was again elected to a seat in the 
 Assembly, but this time for the county, and he continued to serve until 
 the commencement of the " long parliament, in 1770." 
 
 In 1774 he, in conjunction with Colonel Lovett, of Annapolis, and 
 James Sinionds and Israel Perley, of the St. John River, was made a 
 commissioner to settle some matter connected with the affairs in that 
 district. He was the leading magistrate in the countv for more than 
 thirty years, and was distinguished for the impartiality and ability of 
 his decisions, and respected as a man of fidelity and integrity in all the 
 varied relations of life. It was his good fortune, too, to have been the 
 intimate friend of Thomas Williams, the grandsire of General Williams, 
 with whom he divided the esteem and regard of the universal public of 
 all classes and of all shades of opinion. 
 
 Mr. Winniett married Mary Dyson on the 26th December, 1751, O.S. 
 For the issue of this marriage, see genealogy, post. 
 
JOHN HAimiS — HENHY MUNROE. 331 
 
 JOHN It ARRIS. 
 
 1765-1770. 
 
 If the early cen.su9 returns are to be relied on, John Harris arrived in 
 Annapoli.s some time before the year of the e.xpatriation of the French 
 habitans (17.').')) and was an eye-witness of that sad event. He may have 
 been of En<,'lish birth though he came hither from Massachusetts, to which 
 colony he may have emigrated a few years before. In the enumeration 
 made in 1767 his family is said to consist of eight souls, two of whom 
 were born here. In a similar return made in 1770 his household is said 
 to have consisted of seven members, of whom two were stated to be of 
 American birth, and five of Acadian or Nova Scotian birth. As the latter 
 census seems to have been taken with more care than the former, it is 
 made certain that all his children were born after his arrival here, and 
 as it is evident that one death had occurred since 17<>7 in the family, it 
 may be that one was born before he ami his wife arrived in Annapolis. He 
 was one of the earliest grantees in the county after the French expulsion. 
 He lived in the town of Annapolis, and was the owner of a block of land 
 adjoining the White House field on its north-east side, including Runci- 
 man's corner and adjoining lots, and a resident on it in ITSf). This 
 family therefore ranks among the oldeSt now domiciled here, and with the 
 Eassons, Lecains, Barteaux find Winnietts. 
 
 NoTK. — Major Millidge Harris, of Annapolis, and Delancy Harris, now of 
 Bridgetown, arc descendants.— [Kd.] 
 
 HENRY MUNROE. 
 1765-1768. 
 
 Henry Munroe was commissioned first lieutenant of the first company 
 in a Highland regiment, raised in Argyleshire for service against the 
 French "in America in 1759 or about that time. The regiment had scarcely 
 arrived in Massachusetts when the Peace of Utrecht was signed, and the 
 war with Fr.tnce was ended, in consequence of which it never saw any 
 service in tl,'^ field, and was soon disbanded. According to the terms of 
 enlistment its officers were entitled to grants of land in Nova Scotia, and 
 Henry Munroe received a grant of two thousand acres in this county 
 in 1765. Some of his descendants still own and occupy portions of it. 
 
 Soon after his arrival here he married Sarah, daughter of Thomas 
 Hooper, one of the Massachusetts pre-loyalist settlers of the township of 
 Annapolis as one of the grantees in the grants of 1759 and 1765, and 
 in the latter year Mr. Munroe had the honour to be chosen the first 
 repre.sentative of Granville in the Assembly of the Province, in which 
 
*J32 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 he served two years, when he voluntarily vacated the seat. He was 
 appointed a Justice of the Peace, and cotniniH.sioned a lieutenant-colonel 
 of the militia in or about 177t), a position which he continued to hold 
 until his lieath, late in 1781 or early in 1782, when he died suddenly of 
 apoplexy, leaving a widow and seven children with slender means of 
 support, notwithstanding the large grant of land whi(-h he had secured on 
 liis arrival in the county some years before. On his death his widow 
 wrote to his elder brother. Sir George Munroe, of Cromarty, informing 
 him of the sudden demise of her husband, and of the condition in which 
 she and her infant children were left by the sad event, on which Sir 
 Geoige ordered his London agent to remit the sum of forty pounds annu- 
 ally to the widow toward the support and education of the children until 
 they reached their majority, or their mother married again. One of his 
 great-grandsons, Henry Munroe, has also had the honour of a seat in the 
 assembly as a representative of the county. 
 
 JOHN HICKS. 
 
 1768-1770. 
 
 The person whose name lieads this notice is reputed to have been a 
 native of Rhode Island or Connecticut, and to have come to the county 
 some time after 1760— probably in 1763 or 1764. (See genealogy, post.) 
 He was one of the original grantees of the township of Falmouth, but was 
 settled in Granville in 1765, and was elected representative for that 
 township in the place of Colonel Munroe, and was consequently the 
 second member of the Assembly for that place. He resided, I think, near 
 Bridgetown, as that locality was many years known as " Hicks' Ferry." 
 He ceased to discharge the duties of a representative in 1770, and his 
 name does not occur again in connection with public affairs. Members at 
 that time received no indemnity for attendance on their legislative duties. 
 I regret that his name does not find a place in the early census returns 
 which I have been able to find, but in the Capitation Tax Act returns for 
 1794 are recorded the names of his sons Benjamin, John Weston and 
 Thomas Hicks. Benjamin Hicks was rated as high as the wealthiest in 
 the assessment made at this period, and the rate paid by the others proves 
 that they, too, were in very comfortable circumstances. 
 
 Mr. Hicks was a farmer and a pioneer in the improvements of the 
 lands in his district, and after a useful career as such, he was gathered to 
 his fathers somewhere near the beginning of the century. The exact date 
 I have not been so fortunate as to obtain. 
 
OHADIAH WHEELOCK — I'HINEAS LOVETT, SEN. 333 
 
 OBADFAH WHEELOCK. 
 
 1770 1774, 177» I77(i. 
 
 This gentleniiui caiim to Annapolis in May, 17(50, from Mendon, 
 MasHaohuaetts. (See census of 17(58 and 1770, pp. 152-156.) His lot was 
 situateil in the Messenger District of the township, and tradition atVirnis 
 that he brought a house-frame with him, a fact which has since been 
 verified, for a few years ago the old house was taken down, and it was 
 acknowledged by the workn\en who performetl the labour, that it had 
 been constructed of timber that had been brought from abroad. I regret 
 that Mr. Wheelock's name is not to be found in the rolls connected with the 
 Capitation Tax Act. It is very probable he died before 1791'. He was 
 twice elected to the Assembly, and on both occasions for the township of 
 Annapolis. His first election took place in 1770, and his .second in 1774, 
 and his public life as a legislator came to a final close in 1776. He was, 
 therefore, a member of the Assembly for six yeais. 
 
 PHINEAS LOVETT, SEN. 
 
 1770-1774, 1774 177(i. 
 
 I think that Phineas Lovett, sen., was a son of Daniel Lovett, for in 
 an original plan showing the position of his lots in Annapolis township, 
 he is styled " Captain Phineas Lovett, heir to Daniel Lovett." The lot 
 thus referred to was No. 95, which is situated two or three miles 
 eastward of Bridgetown on the south side of the river. His own 
 lot was No. 28, which is in the Hound Hill District, and the 
 stream which runs through the lot is still known as "Lovett's Brook.' 
 In 1763 Colonel Hoar recommended Mr. Lovett for a captaincy in the 
 county militia, which he declined to accept owing to " indisposition of 
 body." He was gazetted to the Commission of the Peace in 1770. The 
 first grist-mill and saw-mill elected on that stream was built by Phineas 
 Lovett, sen., who appears to have been a man of enterprise and energy 
 as well as popular among his fellows. In 1770 he was chosen to 
 represent the county in the Assembly, with Joseph Patten as a colleague, 
 but as no pay was given to members until 1781, it is uncertain whether 
 he was sworn in or not, for the seat was declared vacant for non-atten- 
 dance in 1774, when he was again returned by the same constituency. 
 His re-election shows the l.igh esteem in which he was lield by the 
 electors. The seat, however, was again vacated in 1776, and in the same 
 year he was again elected in conjunction with John Hall, but neither of 
 them took his seat. Have we not a key to his popularity in the fact that 
 
:V.U HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 iiiiiny of the Massuchii.st't-ts scttli-rs at that jM-riod wt-i-c not fn-e fn)in 
 Myiiipatliy with tht'ir ichcl hicthrcii over tlie l)or(h'r .' il.ill apix-ars to 
 have l)e(«n a leader in (Jiainille of those who felt nucIi sympathy, and Mr. 
 Lovett was the hiach'i' of a liite class living in his own township. TIiIh 
 may account for their I'efusal or neglect to he sworn in an act wliich 
 required them to take the oath of allegiance, which they would not want 
 to do.* lie died at Annapolis, aged St, and was huried January I'.Hh, 
 1824. His aon, Colonel Phineas Lovett, and grandson, James Uussell 
 Lovett, were also, at long subseiiuent periods, members of the House of 
 Assembly. 
 
 JOSEPH PATTEN. 
 1770-1774, 1774-1776. 
 
 Mr. Patten was from Massachusetts, in which province he was born, 
 and he came to the county in 17G0 or 17G1, with his family, which 
 comprised — besides himself — his wife, one son, and two daughteis. He 
 was made a Justice of the Peace very soon after, and for a time lived in 
 or near the town of Annapolis from which he did not remove till 1764 
 or 1765, when he took up his residence in Granville on the faiin owned 
 by the late Leonard Wade, Escj., and Mr. David Wade (or lot No. 77), 
 where he continued to live until his death. 
 
 In 1763 he became involved in a dispute concerning that lot with 
 Amos Farnsworth, "of Groton, in the Province of Massachusetts 13ay," 
 for the particulars of which see Chapter XII., p. 202, et seq. 
 
 Mr. Patten became a member of the Legislature in 1770, and continued 
 to sit in it until the 10th December, 1774, when his .seat and that of 
 Obadiah Wheelock were declared vacant on account of non-attendance, 
 and new writs were issued to fill the vacancies. He was again (1775) a 
 successful candidate, but he appears not to have had a seat after 1776. 
 On both occasions he represented the county, and was the colleague of 
 Colonel Lovett. He was a leading magistrate, and it was before him, 
 as such, that the depositions in the Shaw embroglio were chiefly made. 
 I cannot but believe he was sometimes animated by vindictive feelings 
 toward those who in any way diflFered from him in his estimate of right 
 and wrong. 
 
 Among the miscellaneous papers in the archives, relating to the old 
 Court of Chancery, I have found under date, 1828, a cause mentioned, 
 entitled Benjamin Foster versus William Patten, but I have failed to 
 ascertain who the defendant was, or that he was a descendant of the 
 gentleman to whom this notice is devoted. 
 
 • See p. 162. 
 
OHItlHTOI'HKH IMUNCK. -^'-^^ 
 
 CHllIHTOPHKK PUINCK. 
 177'2-1774, 1774 1776. 177fl I7S0. 
 
 Colonel Prliici', as lie was faniiliaily known a liunilrcd years aj,'o, a 
 native of Kingston, near Plymouth, Mass., was tlie tliinl representative of 
 the township of (Iranville in the Assembly, and was lirst elected in 1772 
 in the place of .lohn llieks, tlie second nienilter. He was certainly a 
 pre-loyalist, and settled at Dij^'hy, where he had l)oui,'ht a lot of land and 
 built a dwelling north-west of the Raijuette, long hefore the Loyalist 
 inunigration of 1783. 
 
 In a letter from the Surveyor-CSeneral, Charles Morris, Es(|uire, dated 
 Halifax, December 11th, 1784, and addressed to one of his deputies at 
 Digby, Thomas Millidge, he requested the latter to send him "a plan of 
 one hundred acres of land, situated on tlu^ Ha(|uette at Digby, being 
 lot No. 1.'$, on which Christopher Prince formn-hj built a house, 
 having first purchascul the lanil from Mi-. Kranklin, the original grantee." 
 It is probable that Prince lived hei-e but a short time, and that when he 
 removed, he went to Granville, where he continued to live tluring, at 
 least, a part of the period in which he was its i-epresentative. 
 
 'In 1773, 1774, 1775, 177G, and 1777, he was one of the commissioners 
 of roads for the county — his fellow-conuiiissioners being Joseph Winniett, 
 Phineas Lovett, sen., Henry ?jvans and Thomas Williams, sen. 
 
 In the >Shaw correspondence he is spoken of as "Colonel Prince," and 
 was charged with being dilatory in ordering out the militia in 1776, to 
 protect the county from possible invasion by the American rebels, and 
 with having left that duty to be performed by Shaw, who wfis also a 
 militia colonel. 
 
 In 1784 one Thomas Cummings, in a letter of that year to the 
 Lieutenant-Governor, says: "Agreeably to the request of your Excellency, 
 I spoke to Colonel Prince, who declared in the most positive manner, that 
 he had not ordered any timber to be cut ; but notwithstanding his 
 assertion to the contrary, I have every reason to believe, from information 
 this day given me, that he is now concerned with others in felling timber, 
 and such as comes under the description of that which may be wanted 
 for His Majesty's use." 
 
 At this time I think he owned and occupied the farm then known as 
 " Belliveau's," from its ancient French owner, and recently as Fitz- 
 randolph's, or "Bell Farm." 
 
 In 1792 he had removed to Wilmot, (Lawrencetown ? ) for in that year 
 his name is found in the list of ratepayers under the Capitation Tax Act, 
 and in 1794 he was the oldest magistrate in the county save one, Phineas 
 Lovett, sen. He had at least two sons, William and Benjamin, who in 
 
3;{«; HIHTOHV OF .VNNAI'OLIS. 
 
 IT'.t'J w«'it' larulli()l(lr>r-s in tlm tnwnsliip nf Aiinapulis t\u> latt«>r Ixmii^ 
 ill tli«^ coiiiiiiiHsiuii lit' tin* I'cac*', 'iiui tlu' t'oniier a li«'ut«'iiant and ailjutant 
 in the militia. (Oolont'l Prinof liiwl on ChriHtinas Day, 17!>9.* He had 
 l)een awake, and had .spoken to his grandchilihen wlioni lie heard coining 
 very early from their rooms, advisinj{ them to return until a more sea.son- 
 ahle hour, i)ut was t'ouiul dead in his bed when tlie rest of the household 
 arose in the morning. — Kd.) 
 
 L'olonel Prince was three times elect«!d as the representative of 
 Ciranvllie. He was for many years in tin! commission of the Peace, and 
 in 171)13 was made oiu? of tlm comiiii.ssioners under the Capitatit)n Tax 
 Act. PhineaH Lovett, sen., John Hall, Samuel Katherns and Oldham 
 Gates were his fellow-commissioners under the Act. He was also for 
 many years a commissioner of hifiliways, a very important position in 
 those early days, when even the main tliorou;^lifaies were yet encum- 
 bered by the stumps and roots of the noble forests through which they had 
 been cut ; but besides these public employments he luul striven, and not 
 unsuccessfully, to set an example to the farmers of the county by clearing 
 and improving several new farms, thereby encouraging tho.se around him 
 to jiursue with hopefulness the task of providing themselves and their 
 families with substantial and comfortable homes. 
 
 JOHN HALL. 
 
 1776. 
 
 Mr. Hall was a native of Massachusetts, from which province he came 
 to Annapolis in 1760, and became the progenitor of numerous descend- 
 ants bearing his family name. For a few years he seems to have taken 
 up his abode in the townsiiip of Annapoli.s, but in 1703 or 1764 he 
 removed to Granville with his family, and settled at a short distance 
 eastward of the old Scotch Fort, on a farm of which he obtained a grant, 
 and on which he dwelt till his death in 1790. 
 
 At this perioil there were but two schooners owned in the township, 
 and Mr. Hall was the owner of one of them ; and in 1777 three .schooners 
 of Annapolis County paid light duties at the port of Halifax, of which 
 one, the John, was commanded by John Hall, jun. The other two 
 were captained by Charles Belliveau and Abraham Knowlton, and were 
 named the Success and the Three Friends. Mr. Hall's name is therefore 
 intimately identified with the earliest mercantile marine of the county. 
 He was also a leading merchant and an industrious agriculturalist. It is 
 not, therefore, to be wondered at that he should have been looked upon 
 
 • A family monument to the Princes has been erected at Kingston, Plymouth 
 Co., Mass., on wliioh Colonel Prince's name is duly honoured. — [Ed.] 
 
iiKNin KVAXs. r{.S7 
 
 us II "fit and pruin-r pcrNoii " to Im' sent, to Ihfi Assembly, iind in !77('> lie 
 WHS iilFcri'd to till' cli'ntnrs and duly i'linH»>n, tlioii^^h, I think, contrary to 
 his wishfM, as he <h'clint'il t<> In* swniii in. His si-at was dtMlari'd vacant, 
 and a wiit iHHU«d for a new rlfction. His coliea^fue, (Jolonel Tjovott, alstv 
 declined to serve, and his seat was also made vacant, and in 1777 
 William Shaw and Henry Kvans wei-e elected in their places. Some 
 curious items an? to btf found in our MS. archives relatin;^ to tlieso 
 "^immI old times," anmn^ which the followinj^ may he taken as an 
 Hxanipio : In the; volume relating,' to treasury and customs accounts I find 
 that in 1770 Mr. Hall houj^ht from John Prince, merchant of Halifax, 
 ',\'}0 gallons (»f riuii, and in 1777, i'M)\ "gallons of the same heveraffe, and 
 these are by fur the largest (|uantities bought by a single individual in 
 the (;t)unty -a fact which goes to prove that he was <ine of the largest 
 <lealer8 in (Jranville, if not the largest, at thatdate. He was a leading 
 magistrate for many years. 
 
 HKNRY EVANS. 
 
 • 1777-17H4. 
 
 This gentleman's name tills the second place in the first grant of the 
 township of Annapolis, which has for nearl}' a century and a ([uarter 
 had reference made to it as the Felch- Kvans grant. He was born in 
 Massachusetts, ami lived near or in Sudbury in that province, but was 
 probably of Welsh origin or birth. He was sent to Halifax on behalf of 
 the applicants for a grant of the township named for the purpose of 
 obtaining explanations from (lovernor Jjawrence, on some points not very 
 clearly set forth in his proclamation touching the rights of t\u', intending 
 immigrants as to religious worship and freedom of thought and speech 
 in religious and some other matters. The diary of his journey thither 
 and of his proceedings on his arrival is for the first time printed in this 
 volume. (See history of Annapolis tt)wnship, p. 148. For his family in 
 1708 and 1770, see census returns, pp. 153 and 15').) 
 
 In his diary or journal he tells us that he was employed in the autumn 
 of 1760 in surveying and " laying out " the lands for the new settlers who 
 had arrived in considerable numbers during the spring and summer. T>\ 
 the following year he was appointed one of the four Justices of thi^ la- 
 ferior Court of Coumion Pleas for the count}' ; but it is believed he never 
 took a very active or leading part in magisterial affairs. 
 
 In 1777 he was elected to the Assembly as member for the county, 
 his colleague V)eing William Shaw, of Granville. He held the seat till 
 he died, November 2nd, 1782, aged 57, and was succeeded by John 
 Ritchie. 
 
 22 
 
'.]:\H HISTOUY OF ANNAl'OMM. 
 
 WTLLFAM SMAW. 
 
 1777 I7H4. 
 
 Colonel William Sluiw w.i.s |.rol»il)lv ii Scolcliiimn. lie wivs ii ii«'ii- 
 ti'iiiuit ill tlic I7tli rfjiimciit, luul iii.irriiMl u (iiuii;litci' ot' llcv. 'riioinaN 
 Wood, alimdy iiientioiu'd. Hv l«'eiiinf a coloml of militia as oariy as 
 1770, and nilltMl out tlio t'orco undor hi.s coinmaiid for tin* dt'ft'iiet! of tln« 
 comity at tlu" timi' <.f tliti attack on Koit Ciiinlii'ilaiid l)y American icIu'Ih 
 and the disalVi'cttMl inlialiitants of tin- districts on tlic St. John |{iv(M-. 
 For full particulars of his procewliiigs on this oecaHion the reader is 
 referred to (Miaptor XT I. 
 
 To Mr. Shaw helonns tlie honour of liavini,' taken the initiative in the 
 establishment of a puhlic school in the city of Halifax, he havinj,' on the 
 l-'.Jrd October, 1780, moved that a committee of the AnMembiy he appointed 
 to take the matter into consideration and report results to the House. He 
 was nanicfl a member of the (M)mmittee, which, havini; reported I'avour 
 alily, and iruin'd the city of Halifax as the most desiiaulc locality, a bill 
 was brought in to establish such a school, and another l)ill to providtf^the 
 means by way of a pul)lic lottery to defray the expcnsi' of erectinj? a 
 suitable building;, whii'li it was estimated would cost I'l.oOII. 
 
 In 17S1 Mr. Shaw was appointed Sheriil' of the County of Halifax, as, 
 accordinj,' to Murdoch, Vol. IT!., pajje 1, he was acting in that capacity 
 in February, 17.S2. He must have been the first sheriff of that county. 
 
 In 17H1 a motion was made in the Assembly for leave to bring in a 
 bill to repeal certain clauses in the ])rovincial laws relating to Roman 
 Catholics, and Mr. Shaw was onhu-ed to prepare and bring in a bill 
 accordingly, which he did, and on the Ist of November, 1784, he was one 
 of the committee to draft the answer to the Lieutenant-Covernor's speech 
 delivered at the opening of the session. On the 29th of the same month, 
 for " having refused to attend and produce vouchers to his accounts as a 
 public accountant, having been Sheriff of Halifax Count}'," * lie was 
 adjudged to be in contempt, his seat declared vacant and himself ordered 
 to be taken into custody. He avoided arrest, however, either by secreting 
 himself, or by suddenly leaving the city. 
 
 Mr. Shaw's name ceases to appear in a public character from the date 
 of the vacation of his seat in 1784. 
 
 •Journals of Assembly, 1784. 
 
.lolIN IlircMIF. -S. |)K !,.\N(;EY — J. I)K I,AN<'KY. Hnf) 
 
 JOHN UITCIUIO. 
 
 I7h;i i7,s,v 
 
 TIiIh •;i'nlltMii:iii was u H<'i)t('liin:in l>y l>irlli, proltalily a luitivn of 
 (ilaN;,'()\v, 1)11111 iiliout 17 I'"), 1111(1 at'ft'r li\iiij^ houw tiinr in ItoHlon, si'ttUul 
 ill Amiapolis Jit soiiK' (latf l)('t\vf»Mi 1770 and tlio MuniiniT of 1771. His 
 iiaini' (Iocs not appear in tlio census ictuiiis of 1770 ; and as lie niariiod 
 an Annapolis lady, whom lie had not proltalily met liefore ho rcinuved 
 here, and had a son horn to him as early as July, 177'!, wo ii'ust piosuine 
 he arrived somo time within tho period iiidioutod. Ho went into Imsinoss 
 as a merchant, and was soon a Icadiii;; spirit in the atFairs of the town 
 and county. (Sen |)ago Hil!.) Ho was cominissioiu'd captain of a 
 volunteer rc;;iiiiont May 2'_'nd, 1770, hut resigned his oommission 
 Soptomlier 7tli, 17i'^l. Ho was chosen to till the vacancy caused liy the 
 <leatli of Mr. Kvaiis, in 17^*-, and sat only two sessions, in one of which 
 he was one of tlu! ••oimiiittce of tho Assenilily appointed to inspect and 
 report upon tho " conditieiii of tlic^ j^overniiient house." He was held in 
 much esteem by the {icioplo of Aiina|iolis, and if his life had boon 
 prolonj^i'il it is reasonalilo to believe he would have sought a return to 
 jiuhlic life. 
 
 Ho was a .Justice of the Peace, and in 17H8 was appointed a lay 
 Judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. Kor his capture liy the 
 erew of an American jirivateer in 17S1, see pagi; Ii4. For his fijinily 
 history and vc^ry distinguislied posterity, see the Ritchie genealogy, post. 
 lOmharkiiig in shi[i[)ing liusiness, ho met with lina'icial reverses, and died 
 July 'JOth, 1790, at tlie early age of forty five. 
 
 STEPHEN DE L\NCEY. JAMES DE LANCEY. 
 
 1784 1780. 178« 1792. 
 
 The revocation of tho Edict of Nantes, by Louis XTV. in 1685, drove 
 from France a great proportion of the best intellectual and religious 
 elements it contained. Among those who sought refuge and liberty in 
 England to avoid the persecution which followed the revival of bigotry 
 in France, was Stephen' De Lancey,* the grandfather of the subject of this 
 sketch. Tliis gentleman, upon the application of himself and a number 
 of others, obtained ar. ^ct of Denization from the Parliament of Great 
 Britain, in the reign of James II., and shortly after took his departure 
 
 * In the memoirs and cenealogies a small figure will Bometinies be fou.ivl over a 
 Chriatijn name. It is to be understood as a genealogical sign, the figure 1 deuoJing 
 that the person thus marked was the immigrant ancestor, or person from whom a 
 line of descent is derived ; 2, for second generation, means a son of such person ; 
 3, fur thii A generation, a grandson, and so on. 
 
340 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 for the New World, in which he was afterward to become the founder of 
 a distinguished family. He arrived at New York in 1C89, in June, 
 where he entered into mercantile business, and soon became a iciuling 
 and popular merchant and citizen. 
 
 In due time he was chosen to represent the people of the city and 
 county, in the Assembly of his adopted province, an honour which was 
 from time to time conferred upon him for a (|uarter of a century.* Soon 
 after having established himself in business he married Ann Van Coitland, 
 a lady of a go<Ml Dutch family, hmg settled on the Island of Manhattan, 
 by whom he had a large family, of whom three were sons — ^Oliver, James 
 and Pkteu-. The former of these was born in New York in 1717. He 
 was a member of the Assembly in 1759, and a member of the Council in 
 1760. In 1776 he was appointed general of brigade in the royal .service, 
 and distinguished himself in his conduct against the rebels during the 
 continuance of the rebellion. He resided at Bloomingdale, and when 
 his mansion at that place was burned by the revolutionists, his wife, who 
 was very deaf, came near being consumed in a dog kennel, in which she 
 had hidden herself during the attack. Her husband was attdinted of 
 higli treason by the Whig Government of New York, and his estates were 
 confiscated. He died at Beverly, in England, in HS."), in the sixty-ninth 
 year of his age. His wife was Phelia Frank.s, a Philadelphia lady of 
 good family, wlio also died in England, in 1811, in the ninetieth year of 
 her age, having survived her husband twenty-six years. Susan, daughter 
 of Oliver De Ljincey and Phelia Franks, married Sir William Draper, K.B., 
 the distinguished tintagonist of the still more distinguished "Junius." 
 Charlotte, another daughter, became the wife of Sir David Dundas, Bart., 
 who was some time a field-marshal of England. Their son, Oliver, jun., 
 was educated in England, and afterwards entered the military service, 
 having been made a captain at the beginning of the rebellion, a major 
 in 1776, lieutenant-colonel in 1779, major-general in 1799, and afterwards 
 lieutenant-general and general. He never married, and died in P^ngland 
 at an advanced age. 
 
 James''' De Lancey, the second son of Stephen," wns " a man of talents, 
 learning and vivacity." He was educated for the legal profession, and 
 rose to fill the position of Chief Justice of his native colony, having 
 become the ;:uccessor in that honourable office of the Honourable Lewis 
 Morris, who was the first native selected to discharge its duties. This 
 gentleman was the maternal ancestor of the Hon. Lewis Morris Wiikins, 
 of the Supreme Court of this province. He was twice called upon to 
 administer the public attairs of the Province of New York, and his 
 administration was generally regarded with public favour, while his con- 
 duct, at the same time, was the subject of the approval of the Crown. He 
 
 •Journals and Proceedings of the Assembly of New York, 1688-1750. 
 
STEPHEN I)E LANCEY— JAMES DE LANCEY. 341 
 
 died while thus employed, in 1760, leaving behind him an untarnished 
 reputation in all the relations of life. 
 
 His son, fames'' De Lancey, jun., received his education at Eton and 
 Cambridge, and was one of the wealthiest men in America, at the com- 
 mencement of the revolution, in which he took an active part on behalf 
 of the Crown. He was aide-de-camp to General Abercrombie, at Ticon- 
 deroga, and was a member of the Asseml)ly from 1769 to 1775, in which 
 year he went to England, where he spent the remainder of his days. His 
 wife was Margaret Allen, a daughter of Chief Justice Allen, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, by whom he had five children: (1) Charles, who was in the navy, 
 and died unmarried ; (2) James, who was lieutenant-colonel of the First 
 Dragoon Guards (1851), and who was then the only survivor; (3, 4) Ann and 
 Susan, who were living in England in 1848, unmarried, and (5) Margaret, 
 who married Sir Jukes Granville Clifton, Bart., and who died childless. 
 
 Stkphex' De Lancey, M.P.P., born about 1740, was a son of Peter^ 
 Delancey (born 1705, died 1770), the third son of the founder of the 
 family, who owned considerable estates in Westchester County, where he 
 lived and where his influence and popularity were very great, as he 
 continued to represent that county in the Assembly during a period of 
 twenty-seven consecutive years, and this mainly at th^ time that he 
 represented the city and county of New York.* 
 
 James'' De Lancey, another son of Peteh,'- was Sheriif of Westchester 
 when the revolutionary struggle began, and in 1777 armed against the 
 rebels as captain of a troop of light horse of fifty men, the *' elite of the 
 county," and soon distinguished himself by his warmth and activity in the 
 royal cause. He obtained the title of the "Commander of the Cowboys," 
 and afterwards the sobriquet of the "Outlaw of the Bronx." He was twice 
 taken prisoner, once by Putnam, in 1777, and both times by stratagem, but 
 soon regained his liberty. The troop itself was never captured. In 1781, 
 he was at Morrisania, at which place he seems to have ended his active 
 military career. He was "attainted " and his estate confiscated in 1779. 
 In 1783, he came to this province and settled in the township of 
 Annapolis, near Round Hill, on a farm long and even still known as the 
 *' De Lancey Farm," where some of his descendants yet reside, and where 
 a monument to the memory of himself, his wife, and his son William and 
 his wife, has been erected. He married Martha Tippetts, by whom he 
 had a numerous family. 
 
 I extract the following notice of an aflecting scene from a paper read 
 before the New York Hiatorical Society in 1861, by a Mr. McDonald. It 
 describes this old Loyalist's leave-taking of his old home in the beautiful 
 County of Westchester, the scene of his birth and his boyhood : 
 
 " The Outlaw of the Bronx," says this gentleman, " with a heavy heart, 
 
 •Journals and Proceedings of the Aaseinbly of New York, 1688-1760. 
 
342 HISTt)HY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 mounted his horse, and riding to tlie dwellings of his friends and neigh- 
 bours biide them each farewell. His paternal iields and every object pre- 
 sented to his view were associated witli the joyful recollecflons of early 
 life. The consciousness that lie beheld them for the last time, and the 
 uncertainties to be encountered in a strange countiy to which banishment 
 was consigning him, conspired to awaken emotions such as the sternest 
 bosom is sometimes compelled to entertain. It was in vain that he 
 struggled to suppress the feelings which shook his iron heart. Nature 
 soon obtained the mastery and he burst into tears. After weeping with 
 uncontrollable bitterness for a few moments he shook his ancient friend 
 by the hand, ejaculating with ditticulty the words, 'God bless you, 
 Theophilus,' and spurring forward turned his back forever upon his 
 native valley." 
 
 The emotion exhibited on this occasion, and the tears which he shed 
 were nt>ble proofs that he was a man of refined and cultivated mind, and 
 that he possessed a heart capable of tliose amiable feelings which do so 
 much honour to human nature. 
 
 The farm which became the property of this gentleman is, as before 
 stated, situated on the south side of tlie river immediately opposite the 
 famed Belleisle marsh. The esistern portion of it is now known as the 
 " Chipman Farm" — late David Hall's — but the western division is the 
 property of a grandson of the valiant old "Outlaw of the Bronx." His 
 family consisted of (1) William, who married his cousin, a daughter of 
 Stephen Delancey, of whom we have yet further to speak ; (2) John, 
 some time a major in the New Brunswick Fencibles, who died at Bridge- 
 town, at an advanced age, unmarried ; (3) Oliver, who died abroad 
 at a comparatively early age, also unmarried ; (4) Stephen, who recently 
 died without issue ; (5) Peter, who survived the others and lived on 
 his farm in South Williamston, in the township of Annapolis, and was 
 married to a daughter of the late John Starratt, by whom he had issue, 
 two sons and several (hiughters. Of the sons of James, William, at least, 
 was a student at King's College, Windsor, before the chtte of the charter 
 of that institution. Oliver also matriculated there previously to his 
 entering the army.* 
 
 One of thi3 daughters of James De Lancey became the wife of the late 
 Henry Goldsmith, Esq., who was for many years Collector of Customs at 
 Annapolis — she died childless. Another daughter married Stephen 
 Bromley, who was a son of Walter Bromley, the founder of the Acadian 
 school in Halifax. By this mairiage there was issue, two sons, of the elder 
 of whom, Walter Henry Bromley, having joined the regiment in which 
 liis grandfather had served as a captain, the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, 
 
 •8ee u y of the calendars of King's College. The "S" and "J" Delancey 
 therein also nameil were probably sons of Stephen. 
 
Hon. Col. Jamks Dk L.wcky. 
 
STEPHKN DE LANCEY — lAMES I)E LANCEY. M'.i 
 
 in 1855, it may be related in his honour, that he served during the 
 Russian War in the Crimea, l)efore Subastopol, with mueli credit to iiimself 
 and the service, having l)een twice wounded in tlie disastrous attack on 
 the Httle Hedan. When the Indian mutinj' broke out a little later his 
 regiment was ordered to the East, but not being immediately sent to 
 the front, he volunteered by pei'inissi(tn into the 4'Jnd regiment, and fell 
 mortally wounded in the attack made tor the relief of Lucknow. James 
 De Lancey was accompanied in his exile by his brother, Stephen De Ijiincey, 
 wlio with his family settled in Annapolis town, wiiere he died about 1801. 
 He was in 1765 clerk of the city and county of Albany, N.Y., and after- 
 wards recorder of the same city, and several times served as a commis- 
 sioner to treat with the Indians. On June 4, 1776, he was dining with 
 the mayor and a nu;:ib( i of Loyalists in honour of the King's birthday, 
 when they weie nl' arrested and thrown into prison on a charge of 
 Ji>.il}'ection. He was released in the December following, and in 1783 
 c.uiie to Annapolis, and the next year became a candidati for tlie repre- 
 sentation of the township to fill a vacancy, was elected, and was again 
 elected at the general election of 1785. He abandoned the House of 
 Assembly, and accepted a seat at the Council Board at the close of the 
 session of 1786. Murdoch follows Sabine in stating that he vacated his 
 seat by accepting an ottice in the island of Tobago, but Sabine was in 
 error in this particular, for the (lovernor of that island was probably a 
 son of James De Lancey, sometime Lieutenant-Governor of New York. 
 
 Mr. De Lancey appears to have been an active, influential and intelligent 
 member of the Assembly.* It was he who moved a resolution in 1786 to 
 call all persons who were in any way indebted to the public treasury to 
 the bar of the House to account for their delinquencies. In 1791 he was 
 appointed one of a J3oard of Commissioners to investigate into and report 
 upon the matter of titles to lands in Digby. In their report made to Sir 
 John Wentworth in that year, they denounced the mismanagement of the 
 Board of Agents and the carelessness of the early surveyors. 
 
 He had children, of whom one, a daughter, married a cousin, the 
 late William De Lancey, of Round Hill, l)y whom she had issue, a son, 
 Stephen, who long survived and resic'ed on the paternal farm. His son, 
 Cadwallader, left Annapolis about the time of his father's demise, and was 
 never afterward heard from. It was believed that he perished at sea. 
 Stephen De Lancey was succeeded in the Pro\incial Parliament by his 
 brother James, before mentioned. Colonel James De Lancey held the seat 
 until he was appointed a member of the Council in 1794 by Sir John 
 Wentworth, the Lieutenant-CJovernor, and he continued a member of that 
 Board until his death, May 2, 1804. He was also a useful and active mem- 
 ber both of the Legislative and Executive Departments of the Government. 
 
 * Tlie fifth Assembly. It existed fourteen years anil hold seventeen sessions. 
 
344 HISTOKY OF ANN.VI'ULIS. 
 
 Other members of this distinguiHlied family should 1m» mentioned here. 
 Sir William F. De Lancey was probably a son of Stephen Delancey, the 
 G(jvernor of Tobago, and was Quartermaster-General oi tlie British army 
 under the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. One of his daughters was 
 the wife of Sir Hudson Lowe, the custodian of Napoleon I. in St. Helena. 
 Ann De Lancey, one of the daughters of the founder of this family, married 
 John Watts, who became a partner in the firm of De Lancey it Wnxcs, for 
 many yeais a leading mercantile house in the city of New i''ork. Ann 
 Watts, her daughter, married Captain Archibidd Kennedy, 11. N., who 
 afterward became the eleventh Earl of Oussilis. This huly died in 1793, 
 leaving a daughter who became the wife of Colonel Philip Kearney, and 
 the mother of Stephen Watts Kearney, general 'ti the United States 
 army. Mary, another daughter of Mrs. V/atts, was the wife of Sir John 
 Johnston, Bart., and the wife of James Fenimore Cooper, the novelist, was 
 a cousin to the subjects of this sketch. 
 
 THOMAS BARCLAY. 
 
 1785-1789, 1789-1793, 1793 1799. 
 
 This gentleman was born in New York in 1753, and was the son of 
 the Rev. Henry Barclay, D.D., rector of Trinity Church in that city. 
 After having graduated at Columbia College, he studied law in the office 
 of the distinguished John Jay. Scarcely had he concluded his legal 
 studies when he determined to abandon the profession and enter the 
 ranks of another — that of arms. In accordance with this resolution, he 
 (.Kiiiained a captain's commission, and served for a short time under Sir 
 William Howe. He was afterward under Sir Henry Clinton, and 
 succeeded in gaining the rank of major when he was only twenty-four 
 years of age. He continued in the service until the close of the rebellion, 
 when he and his family came to Annapolis, where he settled and resumed 
 the practice of law, in which he rapidly made his way to first place, 
 having been soon engaged in one side or the other in every suit of im- 
 portance brought before the courts of justice. His gentlemanly demeanour, 
 high sense of honour, great intellectual powers and superior mental 
 culture fitted him in a peculiar manner for the discharge of the public 
 duties with which he might be intrusted, with credit to himself and 
 satisfaction to those whom he served. Two years had scarcely elapsed 
 from the date of his arrival in the Province, before he was induced to 
 seek the sufi'rages of the electors of the county. Mr. Barclay and David 
 Seabury, a fellow-loyalist, were colleagues in their candidature for the 
 county seats. Alexander Howe opposed Seabury, and the contest was 
 close and warm between them, Barclay using all his infiuenoe to carry 
 
THOMAS lUHCLAY. 345 
 
 Seiihury. The iasuo of this strugj^le will Ix) more fully rcluted in the 
 memoir of Howe. Mr. Barclay was returned and took his seat in the 
 Assembly on its meeting on the Sth of Decembtn-, 1785. 
 
 Possessed of fine debating powers as well as <jf pleasing personal 
 appearance, and endowed with an energy and pel-severance scarcely to be 
 excelled, it is no wonder that he soon becanu; a leader in its deliberations, 
 and immediately made his intluence felt in the iuiministration of public 
 affairs. 
 
 It was during the period in which he served as a member of the 
 Assembly that the celebrated Impeachment case was heard before the 
 Legislature. In November, 1787, Thomas Millidge, the first member for 
 the township of Digby, moved a resolution to impeach the judges of the 
 Supreme Court on a series of charges of a very grave character, and Mr. 
 Barclay at once lent him his most earnest endeavours in sustaining the 
 prosecution. The course taken by these gentlemen seems to have been 
 adopted under a deep conviction that a want of legal knowledge, or of 
 honesty of purpose, hat! marked the conduct of the judges in certain 
 causes which had been tried l)efore them, in the county which they 
 represented, and over whose general interests they were the chosen 
 guardians. 
 
 The judges thus attacked were Deschamps and Brenton, who had 
 many friends both in the Assembly and in the country, and they wern 
 warm V and ably defended in the press and on the floor of the House. 
 
 The articles of impeachment set forth, among other matters, that 
 *' Whereas the township of Annapolis was heretofore granted by His 
 Majesty to divers persons to Ije by them held as tenants in common ; and 
 whereas the said township hath never from the granting thereof as 
 aforesaid, to the exhibiting of these articles, been severed or divided 
 between the said grantees ... by any deed executed between the 
 parties holding the same, or by any writs of partition executed ; and 
 whereas the said grantees, their heirs and assigns, did by a certain writing 
 made under their respective hands, but not by them sealed, agree to a 
 certain division of the said township ; and whereas a certain action of 
 trespass and ejectment, brought in the Supreme Court, in the month of 
 May, 1787, by a certain Abner Morse, a proprietor of the said township, 
 against a certain Samuel Morse, also a proprietor of a part of the said 
 township," etc. I quote this much from the document containing the 
 charges in order that the reader may understand what follows. It 
 appears that the paper writing above referred to, was held, in the case 
 of Morse against Morse, tried in May, to be a valid instrument of legal 
 value ; whereas in the case of Morse against Kent, tried in November of 
 the same year, and which was in all legal points entirely simil.«r, the 
 judges refused to admit it as of any value whatever. These were friendly 
 
.'}4() IlISTOUY (»F ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 aotioiiH, iirul were occasioiuHl by the (litliiniltics iittenilinf? tlio disposal of 
 rt'iil estiitt'. uiul were iiit('ii(l"(l to tt'st the validity t)t' tlie unsealed 
 agreement of division mentioned in the proiuuble to tiie articleti of 
 impeachment. 
 
 Whetilouk (Ohadiah) .against Messenger (Ebenezor), Kervin against 
 Honnel, Ivatlierns against Pineo, and oth»!r causes were quoted in the 
 articles to estahlisli the cliarges wliich had been formulated. The 
 discussions which took place on this subject were marked by much elo- 
 quence and greatli warmth. On th»^ one side Barclay and Millidge 
 displayed powers in debate seldom witnes.sed in the legislative halls of the 
 Province ; on the other side Alexander Howe, Richard Jolin Uniacke, 
 and others exhausteil every resource of ingenuity with an elocjuence 
 scarcely to be exceeded, in defence of their old fiiends the judges. 
 
 The two former, ivs we have alreiuly seen, were Loyalists, the two latter 
 gentlemen were pre-loyalists, as were also the two judges, and it is pos- 
 sible that a spirit of rivalry between the two parties had begun to 
 manifest itself in the Assembly, as it had already done in some of the 
 counties, and that it influenced the combatants in this intellectual 
 struggle. 
 
 In 1787 Mr. Barclay and his colleagues, Millidgc and Howe, were 
 appointed a committee by <he Assembly to impure into and report upon 
 the propriety of granting bounti s U)ward encouraging the erection of a 
 furnace for the reduction of native iron ores, and their manufacture into 
 bar iron, a duty they discharged by recommending a bounty of £40 on 
 the construction of a smelting furnace, and a bonus of double that 
 amount for the production of any quantity of iron made from nati\ 
 ores. 
 
 This action afterwards led to the opening of the mines at Nictaux and 
 Clements, and deserves notice as the pioneer movement in the develop- 
 ment of an industry which at Nictaux, at least, is now reaching the 
 dimensions which its importance to the country demands. 
 
 The speakership having becoTne vacant in 1789, by the acceptance of a 
 seat in the Council, by Mr. Blowers, Mr. Barclay was nominated to fill 
 the position ; but his colleague — Howe — smarting no doubt, under a sense 
 of the injury which he thought Barclay had done him in supporting 
 Seabury, named Richard John Uniacke in opposition, who was chosen by 
 a small majority. Mr. Barclay wiis, however, elected Speaker of the 
 Assembly which met in 1793, and continued to fill the chair till the 
 close of his services as a representative in 1799, when he entered the 
 civil service of the Crown as " Consul G meral of the North and Eastern 
 States," and removed from the Province, to which he never again returned. 
 
 The Assembly having met on the 7th of June, 1799, the Speaker 
 resigned his seat, and on the 1 1 th the formal thanks of the House were 
 
THOMAS ItAUCLAV. 347 
 
 given t<» liim for "his loiij^ iiiid faitlit'ul sciviccM," an act which reflected 
 as iniu'li crtHJit to tiic AsstMiihly as it did u|ioii Mr. IJarelay. 
 
 During the Aim-ricau war of 181 -'-181'), he was employed by the 
 HritiHli Oovernnient as " Commissary for the care and exchange of 
 prisoners of wai," and afterwards became England's commissioniM- 
 under Articles IV. and \'. of the Treaty of (ihent, and with Mr. Holmes 
 — the United States commissioner -ai-ranged the l)oundary line Ix^tween 
 the two governments in Fassama(|uoddy Hay, a vtM-y (Htticult and (h)licate 
 task, hut onc^ wliicli he succee<led in jx-rforming to the entire .satisfaction 
 of tlie British (lovernment. Mr. Barclay's .secretary was his son, Anthony 
 Barchiy, wiio was for many years British Consul for the city of New 
 York. 
 
 Another of his sons. Colonel De Lancey Barclay, entered the army at an 
 early age and was present at Waterloo, and was an aide-de-camp to George 
 IV. for some years. He died in IHlili. Of these two sons, the former 
 was the younger. He matriculated at King's College, Windsor, in 1805, 
 took his degree of B.A. in 1809, and that of D.C.L. in 1827. The latter 
 wius a student at King's liefore that period. Other sons of the .subject of 
 this notice were al.so educated in part or in whole in that honoured 
 institution of learning.* 
 
 Previous to his leaving the Province, Mr. Barclay had obtained a grant 
 of land from the Crown which had become liable to escheat in 1818 or 
 1819, and steps having been taken to revest the title in the Sovereign, he 
 addressed the following letter to the Lieutenant-Governor of this pro- 
 vince (Dalhousie) and Council, which, as it well illustrates his style as a 
 writer and recounts somewhat minutely his varied and valuable services 
 to the parent government, is transcribed in full : 
 
 " Nkw York, February, 1820. 
 
 '•My Lord, — I have received information from Mr. Rituhie,t of Anna])olis, 
 N.H., that it has been moved in H. M. Council at Halifax, to direct an in(|uest 
 against certain lauds in the township of Aylesford wiiereof my sons and myself are 
 gi-antees under Letters Patent. Mr. Ritchie at the same time enclosed me a copy 
 of ])etition which he had delivered to yoiu' lordsldp on tliis sul)ject, on my behalf. 
 As he has not stated my case so fully as I consider its uierits demand, and as it rests 
 wholly with your lordship whether the in(|uests sliall be proceeded in or not, or if 
 commenced to order the attorney-general to ejiter a iioh/i' pronetjid, I beg leave to 
 remark that had I remained in Nova Scotia, attending to my private uti'airs, the 
 Kve thousand acres of land in Aylesford grunted to me aud my sons, and which I 
 have since purchased from them, would long since have been in a state of cultivation 
 to protect them against an esclieat, and that there is even a considerable part of the 
 tract now under cultivation. 
 
 " My duty to His Majesty considered it necessary for me iu the year 1795 to 
 
 * The calentlar of King's College. 
 
 + The late Judge Thomas Ritchie who was Mr. Barclay's agent in this province. 
 
M+S illMTOKY OK ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 m'i'i!|)t tlio ii|i|i<>iiitiiii'iit iiiiHoli(.'itc<l on my pint, of ('oiiiiniHNionor iiiiiUm' tlii> fifth 
 Artii'U) of llie Tri'uty of Amity, Coinmurcc ami Navigation lietwi-i^n HiH Majt'wty anil 
 the Unituil StateH of Aniuriua, and I had Hcaruoly oxpvcted an advantaguiiiiH duciiiiun 
 of thu i|ui>Htion wlicti I rrrt'lvod ordt-iH from tin- Koruigii Otiici', acuonipaniud liy TIIh 
 Majt'nty's conimisNion to repair forthwith to thiM city hh M, M. (NinHul-ticncral for 
 KaMtern Statt-n of AnuM-ira. wliich othci' I Hlli-d until this (oMimi-nt'cnienl of thi' war 
 in 1812, when I \vt>nl to Kiigland. In 181.'t <!ov(<rnm«nt conNidercd it nuitesHury to 
 havD nut in those Slates during the war, and for that purpose elothed me with thu 
 appointment of ' Agent of priHonurx of war.' Toward tiiu oIohu of 1814 I again 
 returned to Knghind, 
 
 " At the peace in l)eeend)er of that year, it was my intention to have returned to 
 Nova Scotia to attend to my personal art'airH, but His Majesty's miniHterd again 
 required my HorvicuN, aiul 1 wuh a|)pointed commiHHioncr under the fouith and tiftli 
 artielcH of the Treaty of (Iheiit. 
 
 " The first of them has heen directed to the no huuiU advantage of Hin Majesty, 
 and the other is ho far progressed in tiiat I confidently hope it will he terminated 
 either in tliis year or the next. 
 
 " Your lorilship will jjcreeive from tiiis relation of facts — 1. That it is owing to 
 my absence from Nova 8cotia that the lands above mentioned have not been treated 
 according to the conditions of the grant ; ami 2. That this absence was not of my 
 own seeking, but by the orders of my Sovereign, It would lie a hard case, there- 
 fore, to deprive me of these lands, for want of an improvement, and revest them in 
 the Crown, when ujy exertiims were expressly inteiTiipted and prevented by my 
 being ordered and detained in foreign service. 
 
 "From the alwve statements I am led to hope your lordship will consider me 
 entitled to more than onlinary indulgence, and be induced to interfere in my favour, 
 in which event I will, as soon as I am favoured with your lordship's reply, if favour- 
 able, take immediate measures to the settlement and improvement of the remainder 
 of the lands.* 
 
 "(Signed), Thomas Barii.ay. 
 
 "His Excellency Earl Dalhousie." 
 
 Mr. Barclay died in New York in April, 1830, at the age of seventy 
 years, a large number of which were devoted to the public service. 
 
 DAVID SEABURY. 
 
 1785-1786. 
 
 Mr. Seabury was a brother of Samuel Seabury, D.D., the fii-st Bishop 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, and also one of 
 the fifty-five petitioners, with Abijah Willard, for lands in Nova Scotia. 
 Sabine misnames him Daniel. Tradition affirms that he once owned 
 and occupied the Alexander Howe farm (now Gesner's) in Granville. 
 
 Having taken an active part in the revolutionary war against the 
 
 * The escheat did not take place, and Mr. Barclay's heirs recently sold the lands 
 to a gentleman of Aylesford (now of Annapolis), who has resold them to the present 
 proprietors. They are now very valuable. 
 
DAVri) SKAHt'llY. n4!> 
 
 |M>pulai' caiiM*>, ho hocaino ii Ii<iyali.st vxiUi, aiui with his witV ami M«>V(>ral 
 chiidn-ri sought a now hoiiH- in tliis pinvinco in 17H;{. 
 
 His wifo, a vorv oxoniplarv and piniis woman, alMiiit 1792 hooamo a 
 warm adhoront to tlit; VV'osloyan inovornont, which, through tho inissionaiy 
 zeal of Mlack and othor clevor and devout mon, niado considoralilo 
 advancos at that poriod. Two of hor daughters aio said to havo niarriod 
 Mothodist niinistors.* 
 
 Soahmy was on two sovoral occasions rotiirnoii as nionihor of tln^ 
 Asaenibly, Fn 178r» he first sought tho suffragos of the people in <»pposi- 
 tion to Aloxandor llowo, who also for the first time hocanio a candidato 
 for a seat in tho House. In the contest whii-h ensued much heat and 
 party acrinu)ny were evolved, Mr. Seahuiy recei\in^ tlm almost un 
 divided support of the new Ix)yali8t settlers, besides possessing tho in- 
 Huenct! of the Slnuiff, Doctor Tucker. 
 
 Mr. Seabury was declared <luly elected, but on the petition of hi.i 
 opponent, the House vacated the seat iind ordered the eh rtion to be run 
 over. The same candidates took the field and the battle was fought over. 
 
 It was during the excitement of this period that liarclay drew upon 
 himself the censure of the Assembly for woi'ds used in a letter publishefl 
 in a newspaper of the day, and which seemed to impeach the wisdom of 
 that Ixxly in vacating the seat. Tucker again returned Seabury as having 
 been duly chosen, and Howe again petitioned against the return, claiming 
 the seat, which was finally awarded to him by a resolution of the 
 Assembly. Mr. Seabun 's public life seems to liave closed with this 
 contest, though he was a leading magistrate in the county for the suc- 
 ceeding twenty years of his residence in it. In 1791 he was appointed a 
 commissioner, with William Winniett and John llice, for the con- 
 struction of a bridge over Allain's creek, and for some years after this 
 date he was acting agent of the Government on Indian afiairs. He was 
 also lieutenant-colonel of the county militia. 
 
 Having been reduced in wealth previous to 1806, through heavy 
 losses sustained in the trade in which he had some time before embarked 
 all his available means, he determined to return to his old home in the 
 State of New York, in which he had lived in the old colonial times. 
 From the time of this event the writer has l)een unable to recover any 
 particulars concerning him. 
 
 Mr. Seabury seems to have been a man of goo<I parts and fair educa- 
 tion, and to have posses.sed considerable energy of character, and that he 
 exerted his abilities to the utmost in the direction of the public weal, 
 there is no reason to doubt. 
 
 * Smith's " History ot Methodism in the Lower Provinces," p. 246. 
 
850 IIISTOUV OF ANNAroMS, 
 
 ItKN.IAMIN .lA.MKS, 
 \'M I71W. 
 
 TIm> MtiWjiM't of tliis ni)tic)< (miiic Ii> (Iuh |iri)viiit'o with tlH> utlitM' 
 Li»yiiliHlM ill ITl^.'J. Ilf was ii imtivc dt" IN-iinHylMiiiia, iiml liitd sfcvi'd tin 
 ail uii.si^ii ill a Loyalist coi'iis wliicli saw active s<-i'\ io* (iiirin^ tli*^ war of 
 the revolution, and toward its (dose was iiiadi> artiii^ coiniiiissary of n 
 lui;{adc in till" Kiiiji{'s sprviiT. At llit' date of Ids arrival licrr his Iiouho- 
 liold coiisistfd of twt'lvf souls, i)i' whom seven were his eliildren lie was 
 a man of education and culture, and was placed in the coniinission of tim 
 Peace hefore tiie close of his first year's residence in the county, and in 
 I7H.") h(^ was elected ineniher for the lownship of (jranville, and served 
 until 1 7'.)'-', an entire septennial term. I)iiriii;{ this time he was more 
 than once chosen cliairman of the t'ominittee on I'uhlic Accounts, lie 
 also ^av(> his assistance to his colleagues and fellow-loyalists, Itarclay and 
 Millid>?R, in tiio Judges impeachment case. In 1799 he sold his farm to 
 the ('hurcli of Kii;,'land for a j,'lel)e, and removed to Halifax, whi-re he 
 was ein|iloyed as accountant in the dockyard, and it is believed that ho 
 died in that city a few years later. 
 
 His eldest son, liieutenant henjainin ihiines, of the Koyal Nova Scotia 
 rej^iment, lost his life in 1797 in Halifax harbour, in the |)erformanc(^ of 
 an act of luM'oism, which is thus descriiu'd in the inscription on his tomb- 
 stone, which was erected at the expense of His Hoyal Hij,diness the Duke 
 of Kent: "This stone, sacred to the memory of Lieuttniant IJenjamin 
 James, of His Majesty's Koyal Nova Scotia Uei{iment, who lost his life 
 in the attem|>t to render assistance to the Ln Trihinir frij^ate, on the 2nd 
 of November, 1797, aj^ed twenty-nine years — is placed as a testimony of 
 the liigh estecMn entertaintnl of his humane endeavours on that memorable 
 occasion by Lieutenant-(Teneral, His Itoyal Hij,diness Prince Kdward, 
 commanding in the district." 
 
 Another of his sons, John W., lost his life at the capture of the 
 Island of St. Croix in the West Indies, Peter, a third son, married a 
 daughter of Admiral Warren, and took up his residence in England, 
 where he died. Of his two younger sons, Daniel only remained in the 
 county. Thomas married and settled in Halifax. 
 
 THOMAS MILLTDGE. 
 
 1786-1793, 1793-1799, 1799-180«. 
 
 This gentleman was a native of the old colony of New Jersey, and was 
 born in 1735. He was major in Skinner's Volunteers, and he is said by 
 Sabine to have been Surveyor-General of the Province previous to the 
 Revolution. That he was, in early life, a practical land surveyor seems 
 
THn.MAs Mll.MIXiK. *r) 1 
 
 ovidiMit, ('ii()ii;^li from the t'ollowiny triulitiniiaiv iiiwcdotf, for wliioli I am 
 iiiili'l)l<>(l to my fatlii'i', who in his youth h.ul mori' than oiii'i> hfiird the 
 story toll! \>y Mr. Millid^^t' liiinsclf. The HiiltMtmu'f (»t' the ^lory in this: 
 
 Oil th»i iipprujuii of thi' rt'licl forces, umh-r Wushiii^^lon, towiiril tho 
 I'liii^lisli iirmy, wliosr h<'aili|iiiirlt'rs wi'io tht-ii iit, or in tht- vicinity of 
 New York, the Itritish commiinihM', lieiii:,' (h'sirotis of olitainiiiL; ii cori'oet 
 knowh'djje of tJie position and force of lht> enemy, with a view to an 
 Httuok, called for the services of a sullieh'iitly daring yet prudent and 
 competent person, to secure thi^ information souj^ht. It was a well- 
 understood f.ict that anyone taken within the American lines, without a 
 pass, wouhl Ite liahle to forfeit, his life as a spy, and it, therefoi'c, liccame 
 a matter of nuK^h dillicidty to find a man at once sutheiently cool and 
 courfii{eous to umlertake so dain^erous a seivice. Mr. .Millid;,'e, however, 
 determined to assume the task ; and he executed it with entire succoss, 
 as the seipiel will show. 
 
 Havinj^ dressed liimsclf as a farmer of the district, aiul removed the 
 pocket linin;,'s from the irapacious skirts of his coat, lie placed in its thus 
 widened I'ecesses, a small |)acka;:;e of cai'dhoards, cut into sipiares anil 
 iiuiiihered, and so arranged that he could easily secure the ie(|uired piece 
 when want«d, without the aid of the eye ; and haviii^i also placed tlieroin 
 a pencil, and all the materials necessary to his purpose, ho set out holdly 
 toward the headipiarters of the lehel commandiM', and soon contrived to 
 have himself arrested and taken into his presence. On heiii}^ ipiestioned 
 liy Washinjjtori — who informed liim that he liad been seized as a spy — he 
 naively iii(|uired of his interroj^ator if he were not tlu; people's friend, 
 adroitly adding; that, if lie were )ii>t, he had been cruelly deceived and 
 impo.sed upon by the man who had told him if he wanted to see an army, 
 he could do so in safety by coming liere ; and he had done so to see the 
 people's aimy, and perhaps a battle ; but as it seemed he had been 
 betrayed into Roing into the wrong place, he hoped his excellency would 
 let him go back to his family and farm, in which case he promised he 
 would never leave them again while he lived. 
 
 All this was said with such rustic simplicity, earnestness, and apparent 
 truthfulness, that Washington, who was entirely thrown oft" his guard, 
 gave the countryman a pass, to enable him to gratify his supposed desire 
 to see what might become a battle field, and which did, in fact, become 
 one a. few weeks later, and to put in his power to report to his .sympa- 
 thising neighbours the strength of the continental army, and its almost 
 certain prospects of success when the time should come to strike a blow 
 against its enemy. Thus armed with permission he entered the lines 
 and commenced his work. With his hands plunged into his capac'ous 
 coat-skirts and with a pencil in one of thein, and the package of card- 
 boards 80 turned that number one was presented in a proper manner to 
 
352 HISTOIIY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 be used, he sauntered tlirou<;h tlie camp, sketching unseen and secretly 
 the position of streams, hills, ravines, villages and other features of the 
 place, and of the suriounding countr)', with the sites and strength of 
 batteries and other required particulars. 
 
 Immediately after his departure, the rough notes which were thus 
 taken, were reduced into order, and a plan made from them of sullieient 
 accuracy to enable the English commander to execute a successful attack 
 upon the rebel position. 
 
 These services were rewarded by a military appointment in connection 
 with which he continued to serve the Crown with energy, skill, and faith- 
 fulness until the close of the war. In 17H3 he, with his family 
 and a large number of other Loyalist exiles, came to Digl)y, where 
 he settled and continued to reside for several years. He was, almost at 
 once, appointed one of the deputy land surveyors for the county, 
 having been strongly recommended to that position by Sir Guy 
 Carleton, afterward Lord Doichester. He appears to have been held in 
 high estimation by the Honourable Charles Morris, sen., who was then 
 the Surveyor-General of the Province. Under date September 10th, ITSii, 
 in a letter addressed to Millidge, he says :* " I have such confidence in you 
 that I have no doubt you can easily procure the Board's (of Agents) 
 approbation of your accounts, whatever may have been alleged against 
 you ;" and a few months later in the same year, he thus speaks of 
 him in a letter to Phineas Millidge, who had just been made a deputy : 
 " I have received your account and those of your excellent father. I am 
 fully convinced of yo'ir readiness to exert yourself in the public business 
 you may hereafter have assigi ^d you, and I have not a doubt (being 
 educated by so good a father) but that your professional education is equal 
 to the task you have undertaken :" and again in a conmmnication to Neil 
 MacNeil, another of his deputies, dated August, 178.5, he says : "The 
 point Mr. Brudenell claims (in Long Island, Digby County) appears to 
 have been reserved for the use of the fishery. Mr. Brudenell will consult 
 my deputy for Digby, Major Millidge, in whom I have much confidence ; 
 and I shall in a great measure be guided by their report ; " and under 
 the same date he writes to the major himself : " I have no cause to 
 find fault with you as a surveyor, but I will tell you that you shamefully 
 neglect your private business." 
 
 Mr. Millidge was in his fortieth year wlien he came to Digby. He had 
 been married several years previously to Sarah Botsford, a daughter of 
 Amos Botsford, of Newtown, Connecticut, who was also a Loyalist exile, 
 and who was, for a time, the chief or chairman of the Board of Agents 
 appointed by Governor Parr to superintend the location and settlement 
 of many families who sought a new home under the old flag in this part 
 
 ' Letter Book in MS. among Nova Scotia Archives. 
 
THOMAS Mir.LIDGE. 3o3 
 
 of the Province. This gentleman removed to New IJrunswick in 1785, 
 where he was very soon elected a member of the first House of Assembly 
 of that province, and was chosen its Speaker, a position for which his 
 abilities and previous training peculiarly fitted him. He died in that 
 province at a good old age, leaving a number of children and grand- 
 children behind him, who have always maintained a highly respectable 
 position in society in that province. 
 
 By this marriage Mr. Millidge had a numerous family. His eldest son 
 was Rev. John Millidge, D.C. L., long Hector of Granville and Anna- 
 polis, who married, first, a Miss Botsford ; .second, Annah 8imonds ; and 
 by his last wife was the father of the late John J. Millidge, of Gagetown, 
 N.B., and George S. Millidge, Judge of ProVmte, Annapolis. His second 
 son was Stephen Millidge, who married Sarah Botsford, and was father 
 of (1) Ann, married Israel Troop ; (2) Mary, married Mansfield Cornwall ; 
 (3) Eliza, married Marmaduke Backhouse, M.D. ; (4) Caroline, married 
 Edward Hicks Cutler ; (5) Jane, married Samuel Cornwall ; (6) Phebe, 
 married Hon. E. B. ('handler, of New Brunswick, M. K.C., Senator and 
 Lieutenant-Governor ; (7) William Pagan, d. unm. His third son, Thomas 
 Botsford, married Sarah Simonds, of New Brunswick, and was a leading 
 merchant of St. John. His fourth son, Phineas, marrieil Catherine, 
 daughter of the late Elienezer Cutler, and was father of Elizabeth, first 
 wife of Israel W. Ruggles (only child), and was for many years a deputy 
 surveyor of the county ; l)esides two daughters, one of whom married 
 Thomas Walker, M.P.P. 
 
 It having been determined, in 1784-85, that the new township of 
 Digby .should be represented in the Assembly, Mr. Millidge sought the 
 suffrages of the new constituency, and became its first representative in 
 1786 ; and during the twenty years following, he filled a conspicuous 
 place in the Legislature of the country. One of his first legislative acts 
 was a motion to impeacli Brenton and Deschamps, two of the Judges of 
 the Supjeme Court ; and his addresses to the House on this occasion are 
 said to have been distinguished for great ability and much eloquence. 
 In 1789 Doctor John Day, the member for Newport, having moved that 
 Wilmot (Annapolis) together with Rawdon, and Douglas, in Hants, 
 should be allowed members to represent them in the Parliament, Mr. 
 Millidge and Mr. James, the member for Granville, voted against tlie 
 motion, though his colleague, Howe, and Barclay, the member for Anna- 
 polis, voted in its favour. I have not been able to ascertain either the 
 grounds or the motives of his opposition to a measure which would have 
 been popular among many of his own constituency. 
 
 Soon after this period, he was appointed a Justice of the Inferior Court 
 of Common Plea«, and for many years he continued to hold that hon- 
 ourable position. He had already become a colonel in the Annapolis 
 23 
 
354 HISTORY OF ANNAPOJJS. 
 
 militia in the eastern district, as well as of the Acadian militia of the 
 western district, now Digby. 
 
 At the general election which took place in 1793, he, in conjunction 
 with his fellow-loyalist, James Moody, obtained the seats for the county, 
 Henry Rutherford, another Loyalist, having been chosen in his place for 
 Digby. In the session of this year he procured the passage of an Act to 
 enable deputy surveyors to administer oaths to chain-bearers. Alexander 
 Haines,* having set forth in a petition to the House that his " property 
 in the United States had been confiscated, in consequence of which he 
 was unable to discharge a bond he had given in 1766 to one Daniel 
 Woods, of the United States, who hixd obtained judgment thereon, and 
 had issued an execution, and thrown him into jail at Annapolis, where 
 he had been confined a long time, to the extreme distress of an infirm 
 wife and numerous family," Mr. Millidge moved that it be referred to a 
 special committee ; and he as chairman of that committee soon after 
 reported a bill for the relief of the petitioner which he had the pleasure to 
 see passed into an Act. 
 
 In the following year, he and Captain Howe were appointed a com- 
 mittee to wait upon His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, who had 
 just arrived at Halifax, to inquire when the prince would be pleased to 
 receive the loyal address of the House of Assembly. In 1796 he framed 
 and introduced a bill for the "laying out, altering and repairing of roads 
 and bridges," which became law, and continued in force for several years. 
 
 Disputes having arisen out of the conduct of the Board of Agents, 
 who had been appointed to superintend the allotment of lands in Digby 
 to the Loyalist exiles in 1783, and the carelessness of some of the first 
 surveyors employed, legislative interference became necessary, and a bill 
 to " Quiet the Possession of Lands at Digby " having been brought 
 forward, Mr. Millidge gave it all the support in his power, though he 
 had been one of the surveyors under that Board, and left no influence 
 which he could exert unused, till it became a fixture on the statute book 
 of the Province. 
 
 In the general election which occurred in 1806 he announced himself 
 a candidate for the representation of Granville, the township in which 
 he lived. For the particulars of this election, and the failure of Mr. 
 Millidge to secure the seat on petition, see page 216. 
 
 He was custos rotulorumf of the county for nearly twenty years, aa 
 well as a leading and efficient Justice of the Peace, and in both capacities 
 he proved a faithful and upright officer. In all matters touching the 
 
 • Many descendants of this man rrjide in various districts in Digby and Anna- 
 polis counties. (See his petition in Nova Scotia Archives. ) No general Insolvent 
 Debtors' Law then existed. 
 
 t President of the Bench of Magistrates. 
 
ALEXANDER Ht)WE. 355 
 
 Bench of Magistrates his advice was sought by successive lieutenant- 
 governors in those old days of irresponsiiile government, but to the 
 honour of Thomas Millidge be it said, lie was careful to recommend those 
 only to till public offices who were worthy and capable, and who there- 
 fore adorned the positions to wliich, through his recommendation, they 
 had been promoted. 
 
 The farm on which he lived, and which he owned, was that now 
 owned and occupied by J. Bernard Cilnek, Esq., J. P., with the lot next 
 adjoining it on the west side. In iiis capacity as a cultivator of the soil, 
 his example and influence were hii^hly beneficial to the community in 
 which he lived and laboured. His sudden death from apoplexy, which 
 occurred in 1816, left a blank in the county which was neither soon nor 
 easily filled. 
 
 ALEXANDER HOWE. 
 
 1786-179.1, )79.{-l799. 
 
 Three years after the disastrous fight at Grand Pre, in Horton, in 
 which the brothers Noble — colonel and ensign— were killed, and Edward 
 How* severely wounded, there was born to the latter in the old town of 
 Annapolis a son, whose name and subsequent history are by no means 
 so well known by his countrymen of to-day as they deserve to be. The 
 birth of this child occurred only a few months before the melancholy 
 death of his father, in October, 17o0. He bore the name of Alexander, 
 and wa? the youngest of six or seven children, possibly of more. At the 
 age of twelve years he is said to have been with Sir William Amherst in 
 the expedition fitted out for the reciptureof Newfoundland in 1762. t 
 It is certain, however, that in 1757, at the age of seventeen, he became 
 an ensign in the 36th regiment, then on service in the West Indies, 
 by purchase. In 1771 he was still a lieutenant in the same regiment 
 and continued to serve as a subiltern therein for thirteen years. 
 At the end of this period he sold his commission, and obtained a 
 captaincy in the lOtth regiment in 1780. In 1783, being still in the 
 West Indies, and in ill-health, he again sold his commis.sion and 
 returned to his native province and county, in which he remained 
 domiciled till about the beginning of the century. 
 
 Two years after his return the conditions of the country had under- 
 gone a great change. Its population had been nearly, if not quite 
 doubled by the arrival and settlement of American Loyalists, the 
 
 * The subject of this nienioir usually wrote his name Howe. His father's was 
 always How. — [Ed.] 
 
 t See mamorial of his widow to George IV., 1828, in Nova Scoti t documents 
 It is highly probable that he was p, protege, of Sir William — not a volunteer. 
 
356 HISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 principal men among whom were in education and manners generally 
 superior to the older settleis ; and were eager to assume a front place in 
 the administration of local and general public aflFairs. A general election 
 was about to take place, and already three Loyalist candidates were in 
 the field, when Captain Howe determined to contest one of the seats for 
 the county. 
 
 It is an interesting study to trace the development and progress of the 
 spirit of rivalry which now began to exist between the old and the more 
 recent settlers — a rivalry that continued to prevail for nearly, if not 
 quite a half century (1783-1830), or until the amalgamation and inter- 
 fusion of the parties by marriage and other causes obliterated the 
 ancient marks of variance. This election struggle affords a fine example 
 of the warmth which characterized this feeling. Howe, as we already 
 know, was of a family which had resided in the Province years before 
 the advent of even the old Massachusetts settlers of 1760, and was 
 himself a native. He ran in opposition to David Seabury, the Loyalist 
 colleague of Thomas Barclay. Two other Loyalists of culture and ability 
 were candidates for Gmnville and Annapolis — Benjamin James for 
 the former, and Colonel Stephen De Lancey for the latter. Robert 
 Tucker, M.D., the Slier ff, was a Loyalist, and though he may not have 
 exercised undue or illegal infiuence, it is certain that his sympathies 
 were with his brother Loyalists, and against Howe. In the face of all 
 the influences exerted against him, influences derived from the wealth, 
 education and elan of the men who had fought for the Mother Country 
 during all the bloody war of the Revolution, it would indeed have been 
 a matter of surprise if he had been successful. Another element of 
 defeat was his long previous absence from the county. Seabury was 
 returned, but Howe claimed the seat and petitioned against the return. 
 The grounds on which the complaint rested do not appear, but, after a 
 patient hearing, the Assembly declared the election void and the seat 
 vacant, and ordered a new election, which took place the same year, 
 1786. This new struggle was attended with great heat and excitement, 
 Mr. Barclay addressed a letter to his chief friends and supporters in the 
 country, urging them to strain every effort to return Seabury. The 
 letter was addressed to Messrs. Totten, Dickson, St. Croix, De Lancey, 
 Lovett, Prince, Pineo, Thorne and Cornwall. After complaining against 
 the action of the Assembly and declaring that " the majority of membera 
 appeared to have come determined, right or irrony; to vacate the election,* 
 he adds : " Matters being thus circumstanced it calls forth all our 
 exertions to support our interest, and we shall deserve our fate if we 
 
 • Mr. Barclay was nmdu to apologize to the House for these words. I am 
 indebted to a file of Shdbiirnt newspapers, for 1780, foi' the text of this letter. Ihe 
 file referred to may be seen in the Nova Scotia Historical Society's Collection, 
 
ALEXANDER HOWE. 357 
 
 permit Captain Howe to carry his election." In another paragraph he 
 says: "Colonel De Lancey must again revisit Digby and every man that 
 has interest there. Mr. St. Croix and the Messrs. Ruggles must attend 
 to Wilmot and send word to Colonel and Lieutenant Robinson to have 
 the mountain people down ; " and he concludes with these words : 
 " What a shame it will be to lose our election, and how great a right 
 will the Province at large have to ground their opinion on if Captain 
 Howe should again be returned." This letter bore date December, 1785, 
 and the election was soon to take place. Every efl'prt was made and 
 Sheriff Tucker again returned Seabury as duly elected, and again Howe 
 petitioned against the return. On the meeting of the Assembly a 
 resolution was moved declaring that the return should be amended by 
 inserting Howe's name therein instead of Seabury's, which was carried 
 by a majority of two to one, and thus the struggle ended. 
 
 It was at this session of the House, June, 1789, that Mr. Barclay 
 was ordered to apologize to the Assembly for words used in the letter 
 from which I have quoted. The precise words complained of were those 
 I have italicized above. 
 
 The impeachment of the Judges in 1787, on moti(m of Mr. Millidge, 
 and the part taken by Mr. Howe in the spirited debates that ensued, 
 have been related in the memoir of Mr. Barclay, 
 
 In 1791 Mr. Howe was collector of imposts and excise at Annapolis, 
 though he resided in Granville, as appears from a letter addressed to Mr. 
 Bulkeley, dated from that place, October 28th, in which he says : 
 
 " Mr. Clark * has joino<l me and we shall proceed in the further prosecution of 
 His Excellency's directions, with fegard to tlie h/avk people that may rohintarily 
 choose to remove to Sierra Leone.t By this day fortnight at furthest, in consequence 
 of my advertisement (which I am h:ij)|)y to find is almost literally what is the first 
 part of His Excellency's in tlie pa|n'rs), wo sluill be able to ascertain the numlxsr, 
 provide tlie tonnage and provisions, and send them off by the middle of November, 
 or tlie 2l8t at furtliest. After Monday I shall despatch Mr. Clark to Digby, and 
 join him myself as hmu as our Courts % are over. We have wrote to Governor 
 Carlton and sent thence a transci-ipt of oar instruction as far as it rehites to him." 
 
 In the following year (1792) he seems still to have lived in Granville ; 
 indeed there is a letter extant svhich affirms the fact, and speaks of his 
 farm, which was that now, o ud for many years past, known as the Gesner 
 Farm. It is .said by tradition that his political opponent, Seabury, once 
 owned the same property, and that it was purchased from him by Mr. 
 Howe. The letter to which reference has just been made, was addressed 
 
 * This was Job Bennett Clark, afterwards of Sidney, C.B., where he died about 
 the year 1814. 
 
 t Several cargoes of negroes were transported at the public expense, and by their 
 own consent, to this African colony at this time. 
 
 X Mr. Howe was at the time a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
358 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 to the Provincial Secretary, and was concerning the removal of the 
 negioes. In it he says he has charged one pound per day for the services 
 in that matter, which if His Excellency thinks is too much, may be 
 reduced, and he affirmed he " would rather have His Excellency's appio- 
 bation than any pecuniary compensation," but he adds, with much ndwe.tk, 
 that he was " never so nmch in want of money, my Jamaica attorneys 
 not having made any returns for several years." From this it is plain he 
 pos.sessed an interest in some plantation in that island. 
 
 At the general election, which occurred near the close of 1792, Mr. 
 Howe was again a candidate, and a successful one. (Jn the meeting of the 
 new Assembly his old opponent Barclay was chosen Speaker, but whether 
 he was opposed by Howe, as on a former occasion, I do not know. 
 
 His parliamentary life and labours came to a close in 1799. His 
 public career as a representative, therefore, covers the space of thirteen 
 years, 1786-1799. It is to be regretted that n<j extended reports of the 
 speeches of members of this period have come down to our times. Judging 
 from the shreds of correspondence and fragments of speeches which have 
 survived to the present day, he seems to have been a gentleman of very 
 considerable culture and intellectual power, and tradition still assures us 
 that he was esteemed for a humcane and kindly disposition, and amiable 
 social qualities. His connection with the county terminated in 1797 or 
 1798, though he continued to represent it in the Assembly until 1799. 
 He removed to the capital, where he was for some time charged with the 
 management of the Maroons. Shortly after the beginning of the century 
 he received the appointment of Assistant Commissary-General in Prince 
 Edward Island, and was made a member of the Council there. These 
 positions he held until 1811, when he resigned them both and returned 
 to this province, taking up his residence in the town of Dartmouth. 
 Before his departure from the Island he was presented with the following 
 address, which is here given as an illustration of the high estimation his 
 social and official conduct had gained for him during his residence there : 
 
 "Sir, — The many year^ you have resided here have afforded us ample opportunity 
 of forming a just estimate of your private and public character and conduct. The 
 test of time has stamped both with a value that cannot be effaced from our recollec- 
 tion. In your private situation we lose a kind-hearted friend, a sensible acquaintance, 
 and a cheerful companion. 
 
 " In the public capacity as a member of His Majesty's Council, the Island will 
 be deprived of those serviceable talents, of that firm aid, experience, and support, of 
 that excellent knowledge in colonial legislation which, for a long series of years, 
 has so justly and deservedly drawn forth the unanimous encomiums of this com- 
 munity. Your wish, so often reported, in the fulness of your heart, of making this 
 Island your constant home, «nd of ending your days with us, has made that lively 
 impression on our minds, which sentiments so kindly expressed justly merit, and 
 renders your departure the more to be lamented. 
 
ALEXANDEIl HOWE. 35U 
 
 " We cannot concliule without expreHsing our liini liopo tluit your long Bcrviccs 
 will not bo ullowe<l to go unrewiinled, and thut you will still meet witli a renninera- 
 tion fromOovernniunt, suttiiiiently ample to nuike the evening of your days glide on 
 with oaNc and (.oinfort. Wishing you and your family every happiness and 
 prosiMjrity, we remain with sincere regard and e.steem, etc., etc."' 
 
 To this rather incoherent, fjrandiose and ill-written, but warra-liearted 
 and friendly address, wliich was signed by George Irving, High Sheritl' 
 of Prince Edward Island, on behalf of the inhabitants, Mr. How mtide 
 the following neatly expressed and appropriate reply : 
 
 "Okntlkmen, — The kind and honourable testimony yoin- a|)probation bears of 
 my public and j)rivatc conduct, since my arrival in this Island, is truly gratifying 
 to mo, and for which I give you my most sincere thanks. I assure j'ou, gentlemen, 
 that your very kindly sentiments on the subject of my departure are, and ever sliall 
 be, indelibly impressed on my heart ; while it beats I will retain the affectionato 
 respect I feel for a society in which I have lieen treated with the greatest kindness 
 and hospitality, and with which it would be my pride, as well as my wish, to live. 
 
 "Circumstances having taken place by which I am obliged to quit the Island, I 
 lea 'e you witli unfeigned sorrow, wisliing your families every happiness that can be 
 liestowed on the n' ml favoured subjects of the Almighty's care. 
 
 " With my most earnest pr-iyer for the prosperity of tiiis Island, and all its 
 inhabitants, I have the honour to rti^a'n, with affectionate regard, etc., etc. 
 
 "(Signed), Alkxa.nder Howe." 
 
 He married Margaret Ann Green, daughter of Harry Green, and 
 granddaughter of Benjamin Green, the first Provincial Treasurer, by 
 whom he had several children — three of whom survived him. Of these, 
 one son was educated at King's College, Windsor, and was a class-mate 
 of the late K.v. John Millidge, LL.D. His name was Richard John 
 Uniacke Howe. Soon after leaving college he entered the military service, 
 and became a captain in the 81st regiment. In 1838 he married, at 
 Ilfracombe, ii: Devonshire, Judith, daughter of Thomas Benson, Esq., of 
 Cockermouth, Cumberland, and retired on half-pay in 1840. Of the 
 two other children no particulars have been obtained, even their sex 
 remaining unknown to me. 
 
 He died in Dartmouth, in January, 1813, in the sixty-fourth year of 
 his age. His widow, who survived him thirty three years, died in the 
 same town, at a very advanced age, in 1847. An interesting relic of this 
 lady was in 1 882 in the possession of Mrs. Edwin Morse, of Bridgetown, 
 in the form of an arm-chair which is known as " Madam Howe's cliair " 
 to this day. It was probably purchased at the sale of Howe's effects, on 
 his removal from the county, by Mrs. Morse's father, who was a 
 neighbour. 
 
360 IIISTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 IIKNIIY HlJTnKKI'OlM). 
 
 I7»;» 17)M», I71H) 1H(MI, lH(Mi ISOH. 
 
 'I'liii ^ontlt^iriaii whh ii Ijoyalinti uIim Hi-ttl<t<l in tin* town of l>i)<l>y in 
 ITK.'i, whom lin hocaiiKi a proiiiiiM'iil, and itnt<!r|ii'iHin>( nioroliaiit. No 
 partioulai'H art- nxtant concctriiing liiH lifo and d(iin;{H ix-font IiIh advnnt 
 t<* tlic I'rovincn. 'I'liat. Iii^ waH |)|'()h]mm'(Mih as a trader and popidar as a 
 man after Ids Hottlt^UKMit hen; is certain ; and it is also true tliat lie was a 
 man of ^ood edtKNition, and possessed of average altility and considoraWIn 
 individuality of (diarauter. 
 
 lie was first elt'ctttd to a seat in tlin Assernlily for tlie t()wnshi[) of 
 |)i;{l>y at the general (dection of I7!)>'{, liavin;{ Ween (tiiosen in the place of 
 Thomas Millid^n, wlirxxi this occasion, with .lames Moody for a (lollea^ue, 
 sought and obtained the seats for tlio county. Mr. Rutherford was, 
 therefore, the second ntju'esentativif of the township of l)ij^hy. I>uring 
 the lirst session of this Assendtly he introduced a measure foi- " Regu- 
 lating thn Kerring Fishery of Annapolis and J)igl)y," a bratxth of 
 industry much pri/.<*d liy him, and iti the prosecution of which he was 
 actively engaged. 
 
 Mr. Rutherford was one; of the contractors for the construction of tlio 
 road leading from I>igl>y to Sissihoo (now VVt^ymouth), in I7HH, under 
 John Warwick, Thr>mas (lilberl, and .le.sse iloyt, who wore the com- 
 missioners for the work. In I7!)D he was again a candidate for the 
 township of Digby, and had the honour of again being chosen its repru- 
 sentativo. During the. seven following years be <lischarged the duties 
 incund)ent upon his honourable position, to the satisfaction of his con- 
 stituents. Throe years previously, he, with Moody and Millidge, 
 M.P. F's, potitioiuMl the Assend)ly in relation to lands at Digby, setting 
 forth auKmg other matters, that " in I 7(»5, 125,000 acres of lan<l were 
 granted t(» Colonel McNutt and associates, by the natne of Conway ; that 
 Sebastian Zouberbuhler was one of the grantees, and the only one whose 
 assigns made improvcunents ; that this grant had never been recorded ; 
 that in I7H4, a grant of 100,000 acres out of the McNutt grant passed to 
 three hundred and i>ne persons without escheat first had ; Amos Botsford 
 had been the agent to assign to each of these grantees his proper share, 
 not to interfere with the improvements ; and that after the removal of 
 the said Botsford tf» New Brunswick, the Reverend Kdward Brudenell, 
 John Htump and John Hill were appointed in his place ; that this l^)ard 
 of Agents had assigned to others than grantees portions of the said grant 
 by lot and number, without set bounds ; that many of the said grantees 
 have gone to other countries and made no improvements, und that those 
 now in possessi(m, not named in the grant, have no sort of title," and 
 
IIKNHY IlirilKllFoHI). ',U\\ 
 
 Mr. Iliitln'ifunl, f licri'forn, iiNkcfl leave to hiiii^ in a liill to " <^uief. 
 I'osseHHioiiM of Ijaiuls ill |)i^l)y."* lie liad tJie |)leasui'e t.n sne tJiJH 
 iiiipui'taiit. ineiiNure (larrieil to a HiiceeHHfiil isHiie. 
 
 Sliditly after lie introduced a liill for rej^ulatiii^ the exjiorfcation " of 
 red, or Hnioked lieri'in^H.'' 'Tliis ineaHure had refer'eiure U> the now faini^d 
 " DiKhy eliiokeiiM," tiie curing and exportation of whifili still eoiititiueH to 
 he a lu(M'ativ)> intluHtry. In IHOI he waH one of tho (MxiiniiHHionerH for 
 the ex|)enditiire of money on the road from hi^hy '" H<''ir River. 
 KliHlia iSiidd and Isaae llatlield weie IiIh fellow <;ommiHHionei-H in this 
 work. On the 'J7tli .lime, IHO.'J, he inlroiluced a hill t^» provide for the 
 maintename of a lighthouse at "the f;ut," and another to i-nahle tho 
 inhaliitants of the town of l>iK'>,V '<> improve the puhlie eominon. 
 
 In IHOt'i Mr, Hutherford was for the third time a candifiate for lefjis- 
 lativ(! honours, hut. on this occasion he soii^dit one of the seats for tho 
 county. Thomas IMtchit* was his i;oll(ta^ue in this election, and they 
 were liotli returned. lie did not, however, live lon)^ to enjoy his success, 
 for in May, IHOH, the name of Fhineas Lovett (colonel) appears (m the 
 roll as M.P.I*,, rire Hutherford (Im'xn hhU. lie, tlx^rcifore prohahly die<i 
 in 1807. 
 
 Mr Kutherfonl |)layed no mean part in his position as a lej^islator. 
 I)uriri),{ the sixtei^n ytNii's of his service in that ca|)acitry, he sat in an 
 Assembly whicli (tan lioast of a list of names distinguished in t.he annals 
 of thc( Province. Harciay and Millidge, Uniacko and Alexander Ifowe, 
 were www whose ahility and culture were far Ix^yond the limits of medi- 
 ocrity, and a half century passed away lieforo their phuJC's hecanu! tilled 
 with their «!(juals ; and thou;;h, perhaps, inferior to tliese in mon; showy 
 (pialitios, the Huhject of this memoir may he fairly classed as their e<|ual 
 in practi<;al (.food sense, in sound judgment, and in reco>,fni/.ed intej^jrity of 
 purpr)se and action. He was a mi^rchant, larj^ely interested in the Wttst 
 Indian trade, in wliich, it is l»eliev(*d, hn was tolerably successful. He 
 had 8ev«ral children, though th»» niinm, I believe, has become extinct in 
 tlie community which owes so much to his useful and ac^t.ive lite. David 
 Hutherford, one of his .sons, was living in Digby in 1825, and another 
 son, Dennis, was tliero in IH"JI. One of his daughters married the late 
 John F. Hughes, a merchant of Dighy, and loft fiescendants, some of 
 whom, it is believed, are still to be found in that county. Another 
 (hiughter, Mary, married the Ilov. Cyrus Perkins, Hector of Annapolis, 
 und left deHcendunts here. 
 
 • Heo nianiiH(!ri|>l in ArcliivuM for 178(1. 
 
• 
 
 302 msTouY OF annapolis. 
 
 JAMKH MOODY. 
 
 l7tt:M700. 
 
 [F'or Ihu iiinjnr {lortion of tlio iiiitlior's cxteii(lL'<l Nketch of tliJH gontlcnian, I will 
 HuhMtitiili^ llio 8iil>jt't:t'H own niirriitivc or autol)iograi)hy, writU'ii in I7S'2, aiul now 
 vi<r,v riiru, tliu uutlior not having l>ut>n aMf to liml a i^opy of it, liiit quoting it largely 
 at aeconillianil from SaWinu'it " LoyalixtH." I am inili'btud for tliu opportunity of 
 perUHing ami tranHi'ril)ing it to tlie (.'ourtii.sy of Mrs. Margarot J. liingay, widow of 
 tlif latu ThoniaN \'an HuHkirk liingay, Ks<|., Marrister, uf Vurmoiitii, the grcat- 
 graiiililaiightcr and oldest living duHcendant of Liuuteuant Moody. — Kr>.] 
 
 Lieut, Jamks Moody's Narrativk ok his Kxkutionh and Siiffkiunus 
 IN TiiK Cai'hk ok the Govkunment since the yeau 1770. 
 
 Choice ami plan it would seem, have seldom much influence in deter- 
 mining either men's characters or their conditions. These are usually 
 the result of circumstimcos utterly without our control. Of the truth of 
 this position, the writer's own recent history affords abundant proofs. 
 
 Seven years ago, few human events seemed more improbable thair that 
 he, a plain, contented farmer, settled on a large, fertile, pleasant, and 
 well-improved farm of his own, in the best climate and happiest country 
 in the world, should ever beat his plowshare into a sword, and commence 
 a soldier. Nor was it less improbable that he should ever become a 
 writer, and be called upon to print a narrative of his own adventures. 
 Yet necessity and a sense of duty, contrary to his natural inclination, 
 soon forced him to appear in the former of these characters ; and tlie 
 importunity of his friends has now prevailed with him to assume the 
 latter. 
 
 When the present ill-fated rebellion first broke out, he was, as he has 
 already hinted, a happy fanner, without a wish or an idea of any other 
 enjoyment than that of making htiftpy and being made happy with a 
 beloved wife and three promising children. He loved his neighbours, 
 and hopes they were not wholly without regard for him. Clear of debt, 
 and at ease in his possessions, he had seldom thought much of political or 
 State questions ; but he felt and knew he had eveiy possible reason to be 
 grateful for, and attached to, that glorious constitution to which he owed 
 his security. The first uneasiness he ever felt on account of the public, 
 was when, after the proceedings of the first Congress were known, he 
 foresaw the imminent danger to which this constitution was exposed ; 
 but he was completely miserable when, not long after, he saw it totally 
 overturned. 
 
 The situation of a man who, in such a dilemma, wishes to do right, is 
 trying and difficult. In following the multitude he was sure of popu- 
 larity ; this is always pleasing, and it is too dearly bought only when a 
 
JAMKS MOODY. 3(i» 
 
 mmi ^ivt's up for it tlin approlxition of his own (;(iiiHint>ti<!«\ ITh fonmaw, 
 in its fullest forcr, that torn'iit of rrprojioh, insult and injury \vhii!li Im 
 vftiH Huni t«) draw down m hinisolf aiui iiis family l>y a contrary conduct ; 
 nor d(X)s hn wish to deny that for »on»o tinm these overawed and sta^j- 
 gered him. For himself he f<>lt but little; hut lie had either too much 
 or t(M> little of the man ahout him to hear the seeing of his nearest and 
 deurcHt relatives disj^raced and ruiiu'd. Of the points in dehato h«twpen 
 the pariMit State and his native country, ho pretended not to he a com- 
 petent judf^t^ ; they wei'e studiously so pu/./led and perplexed that he 
 could come to no other conclusion than that, however real or great the 
 grievances of the Americans might bo, rebellion was not t!ie way to 
 redress them. It rotjuires, nioreovor, but little skill to know tliat rebel- 
 lion is th(> foulest of all crimes, and that what was begun in wickedness 
 must end in ruin. With this conviction strong upon his mind, ho re- 
 solved that there was no ditficilty, danger or distiesa which, as an 
 honest man, he ought not to undergo, rather than see his country thus 
 <lisgraced and undone. In spite, therefore, of his incapacity, in spite of 
 disinclination — nay, in spite oven of concern for his family — with the 
 most ardent love for liis country, and the warmest attachment to his 
 countrymen, he resolved to do anything and to be anytliing, not incon- 
 sistent with integrity — to fight, to bleed, to die — rather than see the 
 venerable constitution of his country totally lost, and his countrymen 
 enslaved. What the conscijuences of this resolulion have been, it is the 
 intention of the following pages to describe. 
 
 The facts now to be related liave many of them been occasionally 
 published in the New York papers, but in a state so mutilated and 
 imperfect as rather to excite than gratify curiosity. They are here 
 brought together under one view in a connected narrative, and set down 
 just as they happened. It is not pretended that all his adventures are 
 here related, or that all the circumstances of those related are fully 
 enumerated. It would be impolitic and dangerous for him to recount at 
 large all his various stratagems ; it would be bai-barous and base to 
 divulge all the means by which he has sometimes effected his almost 
 miraculous escapes. But were it otherwise, nothing can be further from 
 his aim than to make a pompous display of any supposed merit of his 
 own. As to the truth of his principal facts, he appeals to sundry certi- 
 ficates and affidavits now in his possession ; nay, he further appeals to 
 every officer of every rank, who has either lately served or is still serving 
 in America. Yet after all, from the nature of the case, the credit of 
 some parts of this narrative must rest upon his own authority, which, he 
 believes, will not be questioned by those who are acquainted with his 
 character. 
 
 Of the true causes that gave birth to this unhappy quarrel, Mr. Moody 
 
SiH IIIMTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Im unwilling to givo uny opinion. H<> is no itoliticiiin ; (in<l, tlit'nifor«<, l>v 
 no inttiinH (|uiiliti)t<l to n'ronoiit* the coiitnidii'tory iisscrtions iinil armi 
 intMits of tilt* contonding imrtios. This only, iis an individuiil of tlmt 
 dt'itiiption of pt'opin of whom the j^rwitost part of ^^vt^ry community must 
 consist, ho thinks it incumlmnt on him to declare that it did not originato 
 with the /ifnf>/r (if America, properly so called. They felt no real griev- 
 ancHH, and therefore could have no inducement to risk substantial advan- 
 ta}(Rs in the pursuit of such an were only imaginary. \n making this 
 declaration, he is confident he speaks the sentiments of the great majority 
 of the peasantry of Amt^rica, Hut in t^very country there are multitudes 
 who, with little property and perhaps still less primiiple, are always 
 disposed, and always eager for a change. Such persons are easily 
 wrought upon, and easily persuaded to enlist under the banner of 
 pretended patriots and forward demagogues, of whom also every country 
 is surticiently prolific. 
 
 In America these popular leaders had a set of men to assist them, 
 who inherittfd from their ancestors the most rooted tlisliko and antipathy 
 to the constitution of the parent State ; and by means of their friendly 
 co-operation, they were able to throw the whole continent into a state of 
 ferment in the year 1774, and maddened almost every part of the 
 country with association.s, committees and liberty-poles, and all the 
 preliminary apparatus necessary to a revolt. The general cry was ".loin 
 or die I " Mr. Mo(Kly relished neither of these alternatives, and therefore 
 remained on his farm a silent but not unconcerned spectator of the black 
 cloud that had been gathering, and was now ready to burst on his 
 devoted head. It was in vain that he took every possible precaution 
 consistent with a good conscience not to give offence. Some infatuated 
 associations were very near consigning him to the latter of these alterna- 
 tives, only because neither his judgment nor his conscience would suffer 
 him to adopt the former. He was perpetu:illy harassed by these com- 
 mittees ; and a party emjiloyed by them once actually assaulted his 
 person, having first flourished their tomahawks over his head in a most 
 insulting manner. Finding it impossible either to convince these 
 associators or to be convinced by them, any longer stay among them was 
 useless, and an attempt made on him soon after made it impossible. On 
 Sunday, March 28th, 1777, while he was walking in his grounds with 
 his neighlwur, Mr. Hutcheson, he saw a number of armed men marching 
 toward h's house. He could have no doubt of their intentions, and 
 endeavoured to avoid them. They fired three different shots at him, but 
 happily missed him, and he escaped. From this time, therefore, he 
 sought the earliest opportunity to take shelter behind the British lines, 
 and set out for this purpose in April, 1777. Seventy-three of his neigh- 
 bours, all honest men of the fairest and most respectable characters, 
 
.lAMKS MOOhY. 80ft 
 
 nreonipiinii'd liitn iti this r(>tn>ut. 'riit'iiiiircli wiih long unci (liinKorotiH. 
 Tlicy wen* rt'|M'iit»'(lly uniioycil nrxl iissiiiillfil, iirul once tln-y wore UM<l<'r 
 the noeeMsity of cMjiniii)^ to un enj^iij^fnifiil witli ii icIm'! imity ironsiileiiihly 
 8U|>«4i'iur in niiinl)*!!-. Men cireiunNtnnn'il im ho urxl his friendH were, 
 ooul<l want no iir^unifntN to iminiate tlieir excrtioiiH. 'Die iittiii^k whh 
 sharp, l)ut the FioyiiliNtH were siuieesstul, thi^ cneiny Kivin>; way, leavinj( 
 tiioui at liherty to purHUe their route unnioh'stetl. The whole (Mtinpany, 
 four only excepted, arrived Mate at Uergen, wlier*' they joined Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Harton's hii^ade. A tt^w whose professions were calculated to 
 render theni useful in that department, jointtd the en^ii^'ers. 
 
 In June following Mr. Moixly and Mr. Kutcheson went privately 
 alnrnt Heventy mileH into the country to eidist tin* friends of government. 
 They enlisted upwards of fiv»! hun<lred men. The Itritish army, then at 
 Urunswick, was expected itmnei'iately to march through New ilersey. 
 Mr. .MoiHly and his friend:> had tlieir agi tits [)roperly placed to give them 
 the earliest infoiination of the army's moving, when their plan wan to 
 disarm the disall'ected and gtMUM-ally arm the loyal. Let the reader then 
 judge of tlieir mortification when, whilst their adluM-ents were high in 
 spirits and conHdi>nt of their ahility, at oiii* blow, as it were, to have 
 crushed the rebellion in New Jersey, they were informed that General 
 Howe had evacuated the Province, and was gone to the southwaid. 
 Notwithstan<liiig this discouragement, Mr. Moody antl !iis party still 
 continued in tlui country agreeably to their instruotion.s, in the liope 
 that .some opportunity would still present itself to annoy the rebellious 
 and to assist the loyal. But no such opportunity offering immediately, 
 tliey soon received orders to join the army with the men they had 
 enlisted or could enlist. 
 
 In consecjuence of these instructions they set forward with about 
 one hundred Loyalists (not more than that numl)er, from the change of 
 prospects, were then to be prevailed upon to leave their own country ; 
 or if it had l)een otherwise the time was too scanty, being not more than 
 forty-eight hours to collect them together, which it must be obvious was 
 to be done only with great .secrecy and caution), on a march of upwards 
 of seventy miles, through a well-inhabited part of the Province. The 
 rebels pursued them ; and after several skirmishes at length came upon 
 them with such force near Perth-Amboy, that they were obliged to give 
 way and disperse. More than sixty of the party were taken prisoners ; 
 eight only besides Mr. Moody got within the British lines. These 
 prisoners, after being confined in Morristown jail, were tried for what 
 was called high treason, and above one-half of them were sentenced to 
 die. Two, whose names were Hiss and Mee, were actually executed, the 
 rest having been reprieved on condition of their serving in the rebel 
 army. The love of life prevailed. They enlisted, but so strong was. 
 
3(i6 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 their love of loyalty at tlio same time that, three or four excepted, who 
 died under the hands of tlieir captors, tliey all very soon after mfide 
 their escape to the British army. 
 
 On comparing the number who had at first set out with him, with 
 those who, after being taken, had returned to him, Mr. Moody found that 
 on the alarm, some had escaped ; and some also, who had been taken and 
 released being still missing, he concluded that they had gone back to 
 their respective homes. This induced him to return without delay into 
 the country, and he came back with nineteen men. Convinced that 
 there were still many more, on whom g6od advice and a good example 
 might have their proper influence, he again went out and brought back 
 with him forty-two young nen, as fine soldiers as are in the world ; some 
 of them had just escaped from jails where they had been confined for 
 their loyfilty. All these he was happy enough to conduct safe to the 
 king's army. From this time he continued with his battalion till 1778, 
 having just before been made an ensign. 
 
 In the beginning of May, 1778, he was ag«"n sent into the interior 
 parts of the rebel country, with orders to re nain there as long as he 
 could, to render such service to the Government and its friends as he 
 should have an opportunity for, and more especially to obtain precise 
 intelligence from Colonel Butler then Siupposed to be at Niagara. He 
 employed a trusty Loyalist to go out to Colonel Butler, who fell in 
 with him between Niagara and Wyoming, and was with him at the 
 reduction of this last-named fortress ; and afterwards along with another 
 of Mr. Moody's men (who. having been driven from him in the disaster 
 just related, had gone back, and stayed with Colonel Butle'* all the 
 winter, as the only place of safety he cou J find) he returned .vith the 
 necessary information, with which they all went back and reported tiiem 
 at headquarters. In this interval Mr. Moody took prisoner a Mr. 
 Martin, chief commissioner in thcat district for the selling of confiscated 
 estates, a man remarkable for his spite and cruelty to the friends of the 
 Government. It was very mortifying to Mr. Moody to have this man 
 rescued from him by a large body of the militia after having had him in 
 his custody about forty-eight hours. But he relates with pleasure that 
 this incident had a good effect on this furious oppressor, inasmuch as hia 
 behaviour to his loyal neighbours was ever after much more mild and 
 humane 
 
 On June lOtii, 1779, an opportunity of rendering some service to his 
 country now offering, having first requested Mr. Hutcheson and six men 
 and some guides to be of the party, he marched with sixteen of his own 
 men from Sandy Hook to Shrewsbury. They eluded the vigilance of a 
 rebel guard, and gained a place called the Falls. Here they surprised 
 and took prisoners, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major and 
 
JAMES MOODY. 367 
 
 two captains, with several other persons of inferior note, and without 
 injuring any private property destroyed a considerable raiigazine of 
 powder and arms. With these prisoners, and such public stores a.s thty 
 were able to bring off, Mr. Hutcheson was charged, whilst Mr. Moody 
 brought up the rear with his sixteen men to defend them. They were, 
 as they liad expected, soon pursued by double their number and over- 
 taken. Mr. Moody kept up a smart fire on his assailants, checking and 
 retarding them till Mr. Hutcheson with their booty got ahead to a 
 considerable distance. He then also advanced, making for the next 
 advantageous station, and thus proceeded from one spot to another, still 
 covering the prisoners, till they gained a situation on the shore at i^lack 
 Point where the enemy could not Hank them. But just at this time the 
 pursuers were reinforced with ten men ! So that they were now forty 
 strong. Mr. Hutcheson with one man crossed the inlet, behind which he 
 had taken shelter, and came to Mr. Moody's assistance, and now a warm 
 engagement ensued that lasted for three-quarters of an hour. By this 
 time all their ammunition, amounting to upwards of eighty rounds of 
 cartridges, was expended, and ten men only, three of whom were 
 wounded, were in any capacity to follow their leader to the charge. The 
 bayonet was their only resource, but this the enemy could not withstand ; 
 they fled, leaving eleven of their number killed or wounded. Unfor- 
 tunately, Mr. Moody's small but gallant party could not follow up their 
 blow, being in a manner utterly exhausted by a long harassed march, in 
 weather intensely hot. They f- und the rebel captain dead, and their 
 lieutenant also expiring on the Heiu. There was something particularly 
 shocking in the death of the formei . Hr was shot by Mr. Moody whilst, 
 with the most bitter oaths and threats of vengeance, after having missed 
 once, he was again levelling his piece at him. Soon after this *aigage- 
 ment one of the party came forward with a handkerchief flying from a 
 stick, and demanded a parley. His signal was returned, si','nifying the 
 willingness of the Loyalists to treat with him ; and a truce was speedily 
 agreed upon, the conditions of which were : That they should have leave 
 to take care of their dead and wounded, whilst Mr. Moody's party was 
 permitted, unmolested, to return to the British lines. Happily none of 
 the wounds .which any of his men received in this expedition proved 
 mortal. The public stores which they brought away with them (besides 
 those which they had destroyed) sold for upwards of £500 sterling, and 
 every shilling of this money was given by Mr. Moody to the men as a 
 small reward for their very meritorious conduct. 
 
 About the middle of October following, Mr. Moody was again sent 
 into the interior parts of the rebel country to obtain intelligence respect- 
 ing Washington's army. He succeeded, and his intelligence was com- 
 municated to General Pattison. Again about the middle of November 
 
368 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 he WJ18 desired to find out the situation and circumstances of an army 
 under the reljel General Sullivan, which had lately been on an expedition 
 to the westward against the Indians. Accordingly he went eighty miles 
 into Pennsylvania, close by Sullivan's camp, and obtained an exact 
 account of the number of men and horses with which he went out from 
 Easton on this Indian expedition, and the number also that he returned 
 with. 
 
 From thence he went to Morris County, where Washington then lay 
 with his army. And here he had the good fortune to obtain from their 
 own books an account of the rations which were drawn for them. He 
 next went to Pumpton, where General Gates then was, <m his march 
 to the southward, and here also lie gained the exact information not only 
 of the amount of the force then with him, but the number that were 
 expected to join him. And now having pretty well gone through the 
 business entrusted to him, he returned to New York, and continued there 
 till next year. 
 
 In May, 1780, he took with him four trusty men, and went into the 
 rebel country with the intention of surprising Governor Livingstone, a 
 man whose conduct had been in the most abandoned degree cruel and 
 oppressive to tl.<i loyt ' inhabitants of New Jersey. When with all neces- 
 sary secrecy, Mr. M'X)dy had got into his immediate neighbourhood, infor- 
 mation was recei\ ed that Mr. Livingstone was gone to Trenton to meet the 
 Assembly ; and cha;< on his return he was to see some persons on business 
 at au appointed r'-'ce. This made it necessary for the ensign to alter 
 his measures, as he did immediately. He led his party into Sussex County 
 and there lef' iM"in, himself only retiring to a proper situation till his 
 plan should be ripe for execution. Being under the necessity of again 
 returning into Sussex before anything could be done, he had the mortifi- 
 cation to fid that one of his men had been taken prisoner by a rebel 
 major of the name of Hoops, who extorted a confession from him that 
 Moody was in the country, and as he imagined in quest of some person 
 of note, who lived near Morristown. This blasted the whole project ; 
 the intelligence was instantly sent to Livingstone, who justly concluded 
 himself to be the person aimed at, and of course took every precaution to 
 prevent a surprise. 
 
 Still, however, Mr. Moody flattered himself he should yet be more 
 fortunate, and do something notwithstanding the alarm that was now 
 spread through the country. The first plausible thing that offered was a 
 plan to blow up the magazine at Suckasunne about sixteen miles back of 
 Morristown; but this also proved abortive, for notwithstandiiig his having 
 prevailed on some British prisoners, taken with General Burgoyne, to 
 join him in his ^^nterprise, the alarm was now become so general and the 
 terror so great that they had increased their guard around this magazine 
 
.JAMES MOODY. .S69 
 
 to the nuinber of one huiiihed and upwartis, so that lie was under the 
 necessity of abandoning his project. 
 
 Returning again into Sussex County, lie now heard tliat several 
 prisoners wei-e contined on various suspicions and charges of loyalty in the 
 jail of that county, that one of them was actually under sentence of death. 
 This poor fellow was one of Burgoyne's soldiers, charged with crimes of a 
 civil nature, of which, however, he was generally believed to be innocent. 
 But when a clergyman of the Church of England interposed with his 
 unrelenting prosecutor, and warmly urged this plea of innocence, he was 
 sharply told, that though he might not perhaps deserve to die for the 
 ci'ime for which he had been committed, there could be no doubt of his 
 deserving to die as an enemy to America. There was .something .so 
 piteous as well as shameful in thq case of this ill-fated victim to repub- 
 lican resentment, that it was determined, if possible, to release both him 
 and his fellow-prisoners. For this purpose Mr. Moody took with him six 
 men ; and late at night entered the county town about seventy miles from 
 New York. The inhabitants of this town were but too generally 
 disaffected. This suggested the necessity of stratagem. Coming to the 
 jail, the keeper called out from the window of an upper room and 
 demanded what their business was. The ensign instantly replied : " He 
 had a prisoner to deliver into his custody." "What! One of Moody's 
 fellows?" said the jailer. "Yes," said the ensign. On their inquiring 
 what the name of this supposed prisoner was, one of the party who was 
 well known by the inhabitants of that place to be with Mr. Moody, 
 personated the character of a prisoner, aiid spoke for himself. The jailer 
 gave him a little ill language ; but notwithstanding seemed highly 
 pleased with the idea of his having so notorious a Tory in his custo<ly. 
 On the ensign urging him to come down and take charge of the man, he 
 peremptorily refused, alleging that in consequence of Mootly's being out, 
 he had received strict orders to open his doors to no man after sunset, 
 and that therefore he must wait till morning. Finding that this would 
 not take, the ensign now changed his tone ; and in a stern voice told 
 him, " Sirrah, the man who now speaks to you is Moody ; I have a strong 
 party with me ; ami if you do not this moment deliver up your keys, I 
 will instantly pull down your house about your ears." The jailer vanished 
 in a moment. On this Mr. Moody's men, who were well skilled in the 
 Indian war-whoop, made the aii" lesound with such a variety of hideous 
 yells as soon left them nothing to fear from the inhabitants of New 
 Town, which though the county town, consists only of twenty or 
 thirty houses. "The Indians ! the Indians are come !" — said the panic- 
 struck people ; and happy were they who could soonest escape into the 
 woods. While i'^ ^e things were thus going on, the ensign had made his 
 way through a casement, and was met by a prisoner, whom he immediately 
 24 
 
370 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 employed to procure liim a light. The vanished jailer was now again 
 produced : and most obsequiously conducted Mr. Moody to the dungeon 
 of the poor wretch under sentence of death. 
 
 It may seem incredible, but it is an undoubted fact that notwithstand- 
 ing all the horrors and awfulness of iiis situation, this poor, forlorn, cim- 
 demned British soldier was found fast asleep ; and had slept so sound as 
 to have lieard nothing of the uproar or alarm. There is no possibility of 
 describing the agony of this man, when on being thus suddenly aroused, 
 he saw before him a man in arms, attended by persons whom, though they 
 were familiarly known to him, so agitated were his spirits, he was utterly 
 at a loss to recognize. The first and the only idea that occurred to him 
 was, that as many of the friends of government hud been privately exe- 
 cuted in prison, the person he saw was his executioner. On Mr. Moody's 
 repeatedly informing him of his mistake, and that he was come to release 
 him in the name of King George, the transition from such an abyss of 
 wretchedness to so extravagant a pitch of joy had well-nigh overcome 
 him. Never before had the writer been present at so affecting a scene. 
 The image of the poor soldier, alternately agitated with the extremes of 
 despair and rapture, is at this moment present to his imagination, as 
 strong almost as if the object were still before him ; and he has often 
 thought there are few subjects on which a painter of taste and sensibility 
 could more happily employ his pencil. The man looked wild, and 
 undoubtedly was wild and hardly in his senses, and yet he laboured, 
 and was big with some of the noblest sentiments and most powerful 
 passions by which the human mind is ever actuated. In such circum- 
 stances it was with some difficulty that the ensign got him away. At 
 length, however, his clothes were got on, and he with all the rest who 
 chose to avail themselves of the opportunity were conducted into safety, 
 notwithstanding a warm pursuit of several days. The humane reader, 
 Mr. Moody persuades himself, will not be less affected than he himself 
 was at the mournful sequel of this poor soldier's tale. In the cour.se of 
 the war he was again taken, and again conducted to the dungeon, and 
 afterwards actually executed on the same sentence on which he had been 
 before convicted, though he left the world with the most solemn assevera- 
 tions of his innocence, as to any crime of which he had been accused, 
 excepting only an unshaken allegiance to bis sovereign. 
 
 A few other particulars respecting this ^ oor man, who, though but a 
 common soldier in a marching regiment, was in all the essential and best 
 parts of his character a hero, the writer cannot excuse himself from the 
 relation of. His situation and circumstances in the rebel country being 
 peculiar, Mr. Moody not thinking it proper himself to return thither so 
 soon, took the earliest means lie could to have him conveyed safe to New 
 York. But no arguments, no entreaties, could prevail with him to leave 
 
JAMES MOODY. • 371 
 
 his deliverer. " To you," .siiid lie, " I owe my life ; to you, and in your 
 service i^t me devote it. You have found me in circumstances of ignominy. 
 I wish foi an opportunity to convince you that you have not heen mis- 
 taken in thinking me innocent. I am, and you shall find me a good soldier." 
 It was to this fatal but fixed determination that lie soon after owed the 
 loss of his life. 
 
 When he was brought to the place of execution, the persons who had 
 charge of him, told him they had authority to promise him a reprieve, and 
 they did most solemnly promise it to him on condition only that he would 
 tell them who the Loyalists in the country were thsvt had assisted Moody. 
 His reply was most manly and noble, and proves that real nobility of 
 character and dignity of sentiment are appropriated to no particular rank 
 or condition of life. "I love life," he said, "and there is nothing which 
 a man of honour can do that I would not do to save it ; but I cannot 
 pay this price for it. The men you wish me to betray must be good men 
 l)ecause they have assisted a good man in a good cause. Innocent as I 
 am, I feel this an awful moment ; how far it becomes you to tempt me 
 to make it terrible, b}' overwhelming me in the basest guilt, yourselves 
 must judge. My life is in your power ; my conscience, I thank God, is 
 still my own." 
 
 Another extraordinary circumstance is said to have befallen him, 
 which as well as the preceding Mr. Moody relates on the testimony of an 
 eye-witness yet living. Though he was a small and light man, yet the 
 rope with which he was suspended broke. Even still this poor man's 
 admirable presence of mind and dignity of conscious innocence did not 
 forsake him. He instantly addressed himself to the surrounding multi- 
 tude in the following words : "Gentlemen, I cannot but hope that this 
 very extraordinary event will convince you, of what I again solemnly 
 protest to you, that I am innocent of the crime for which you have 
 adjudged me to die." But he still protested in vain. 
 
 The supposed crime for which he suflered was the plundering and 
 robbing the house of a certain furious and powerful rebel. But it would 
 be unjust to his memory not to certify, as Mr. Moodj' does, that he has 
 since learned from the voluntary confession of a less conscientious Loyalist 
 that this honest man was charged wrongfully ; inasmuch as he himself, 
 without the knowledge of the other, on the principles of retaliation and 
 revenge, had committed the crime. The name of the above-mentioned 
 honest soldier and martyr was Robert Maxwell, a Scotchman, who had 
 had a good education. 
 
 Not long after, obtaining information of the British army's moving 
 toward Springfield, Mr. Moody concluded that the campaign was open. 
 There appeared no way in which, with his small party of seven men, he 
 could be more useful than by securing as many as he could of the rebel 
 
872 ' HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 militia. Accordingly, it was not long before he contrived to take 
 prisoners, a major, a captain, two lieutenants, and sundry committee men ; 
 in all to the amount of eighteen, 
 
 Some requested to be paroled, and the ensign complied with their 
 request ; because it was not only reasonable and humane, but l)ecause 
 also it left him at liberty to pursue fresh objects. Some requested to 
 take the oath of neutrality and it was not less willingly administered 
 to them. 
 
 The rebel part of the country was now again in an alarm, and the 
 ensign was again pursued and sought, according to the strong expression 
 of Scripture, " as a partridge in the mountains." But, " wandeiing in 
 deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth," by the 
 blessing of God, he still eluded all their researches. At length, however, 
 being under a necessity of returning to New York he collected a few 
 more of Burgoyne's men ; and ha\ing now augmented his party to 
 thirteen he set out for that capital. But his former good fortune now 
 forsook him ; and he himself was soon doomed to feel all those bitter 
 calamities, from which it had been the object of his exertions to extricate 
 others. 
 
 On the 21st of July, 1780, it was his ill-hap to fall in with an army, 
 which the rebel General Wayne was conducting to the siege of the 
 block-house, commanded by Captain Ward, llesistance was vain, and 
 retreat impracticable. Mr. Moody and the greater part of his men were 
 now obliged to submit to captivity. 
 
 He and two of his men were immediately sent to a place called the 
 Slots, where they were confined with their hands tied behind their 
 backs. On the 22nd they were removed to Stony Point, and on the 23rd 
 to Colonel Robertson's house at West Point. The rebel General Howe, 
 who commanded at this post, treated Mr. Moody with great civility, and 
 permitted his servant to attend him. From thence, he was sent to 
 Fishkill, to the rebel commissary of prisoners, who passed him on to 
 ./Esopus. At .^sopus he remained till the 2nd of August ; when in the 
 night he was put into a strong room, guarded by four soldiers, two within 
 the door and two without. The sergeant in the hearing of the ensign, 
 gave orders to the sentinels who were in the room with him, to insist on 
 his lying down on a bed, and instantly to shoot him if he attempted to 
 rise from it. On this he requested and insisted to see the commissary. 
 The commissary came, and was asked if these orders were from him. 
 His answer was : "The sergeant had done his duty ; and he hoped the 
 men would obey their orders." Mr. Moody remonstrated, and urged that 
 it was no uncommon thing with him to rise from his bed in his sleep ; he 
 recjuested therefore only, that if he should happen now to be overtaken 
 with such an infirmity, the men might be ordered to call him by hia 
 
JAMES MOODY. 373 
 
 name, and at least to awake him before they fired. All the answer he 
 could obtain from this tyrant minion of tyrant masters, was a cool and 
 most cutting repetition of his former words. 
 
 After having twice more changed the place of his confinement, on the 
 10th of August he was carried back to West Point. And here his 
 sufferings seemed to be but beginning, for the cruelties he experienced 
 under the immediate eye of General Arnold, who then commanded there, 
 infinitely exceeded all that he has ever met with Ijefore or since. 
 
 Nothing can be further from Mr. Moody's wishes than to become any 
 man's accuser, but no man should be afraid either to hear or to tell the 
 truth, which is of no party, and should be observed by all. Humanity is, 
 moreover, so lovely and so necessary a virtue, especially in times of civil 
 war, that Mr. Moody owns he is proud and loves to acknowledge and to 
 praise it even in an enemy ; of course, he must lament and reprobate the 
 want of it, though in his best friend. Under new masters, it is hoped. 
 General Arnold has learned new maxims. Compelled by truth, however, 
 Mr. Moody must bear him testimony that he was then faithful to his 
 employers, and abated not an iota in fulfilling both the letter and the 
 spirit of their general orders and instructions. 
 
 Mr. Moody feels this to be an unpleasant part of his narrative. It is 
 with pain he pursues it. May it be permitted him then to give the 
 subsequent part of it in the words of an affidavit taken in the Judge 
 Advocate's Office in New York, from the mouth of William Buirtis, who 
 was confined for his loyalty in the same prison witii Mr. Moody : 
 
 "JuiKJK Ahvocatk's OFFirE, Nkw Youk, Miiy 11, 1782. 
 
 " This day personallj' appeared William Buirtis, n Refugee from the County of 
 West Cheater, in the I'rovinoe of New York, but now residing on York Island, in 
 the province aforesaid, and being <luly sworn on the Holy Kvangelists of Almighty 
 God, deposeth and saith : 
 
 "Tluit some time in tlie montli of August, 1780, he (tiie de})onent) was confined 
 in a dungeon at West Point Fort, under sentence of death, having been (charged with 
 giving certain intelligence and information toOoneral Mathew, one of His Britannic 
 Majesty's generals serving at that time in America. That about the middle of the 
 month of August aforesaid, Lieutenant James .Moody, of Brigadier-General Skiimer's 
 first battalion, was brought under guard, and confined in the same dungeon with 
 him (the deponent) ; that the daj' following he (Lieutenant Moody) was put in irons 
 and handcuffed ; that the handcuff's were of a particular sort and construction, 
 ragged on the inside next the wrist, which raggedness caused his wrists to be nnich 
 c.it and scarified ; that soon after he (Lieutenant Moody) was ironerl and handcuffed 
 an officer came and demanded his money, saying, he ' was ordered to take what 
 money he had, and should obey his orders piuictually ; ' that the money was not 
 delivered, as lie, Lieutenant Moody, was resolute in refusing, and determined not 
 to give it up. He (Lieutenant Moody) then petitioned General Benedict Arnold, at 
 that time in the rebel service, and commanding officer at West Point, to grant him 
 relief ; in which petition he set forth the miserable situation he was in, as also the 
 
874 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS, 
 
 torment ho siifferod, occasionoil by tho handcuffs ; to which petition he received no 
 answer, though lie was told by two otticers in tlie rcl)el service his petition had been 
 delivered to (Jenond Arnolil. 
 
 " That about a week, after his first petition had been sent, ho petitioned a stcond 
 time for relief from his Muffcring, reciuesting moreover that he be brought to trial, 
 observing that if he shoidd be found guilty of death he should desire to suffer, as 
 death was nuic)'. preferable to torment, aiul being nuii'dered by inches. Some little 
 time after the delivery of the second petition, oiu; of (Jeueiul Arnold's aide-de- 
 camps, whose name he (the deponent) cannot recollect, came to the dungeon ; and 
 un seeing him (Lieutenant Moody) asked if that was the Moody whose name was 
 a terror to every good man ? On his replying that his name was Moody, he (the 
 Aide-de-Camp) replied in a scoffing manner, ' You have got yourself into a pretty 
 situation;' on his (Lieutenant Moody's) saying the situation was disagreeable, but 
 he hoped it would not be of long continuance ; he answered he believed not, as ho 
 would soon meet with justice (pointing at the same time to a gallows that was 
 erected in the sight and view of the dungeon) ; aiul also added, there is the gallows 
 really erected, which he (meaning Moody) had long merited. Lieutenant Moody 
 answered, he made no doubt he (the Aide-de-Camp) wished to see every loyal 
 subject hanged, but he thanked (Jod, the power was not in him ; but if ho 
 (Lieutenant Moody) was hanged, it could be for no other reason than being a loyal 
 subject to one of the best of kings, and under one of the best of governments, and 
 added, if he had ten lives to lose, he would sooner forfeit the ten, as a loyal subject, 
 than one as a rebel ; and also said, he hoped to live to see him (the Aide-de-Camp) 
 and a thousand such other villains, hanged for being rebels. Tho officer then said 
 he was sent to examine his irons, as he (Lieutenant Moody) had been frequently 
 troubling General Arnold with his petitions. On examining the irons, he said 'they 
 were too bad,' and asked who put them on ? saying ' irons were intended for 
 security, not for torment ; but if any one merited such irons, he (Lieutenant Moody) 
 did, in his opinion.' Lieutenant Moody, however, was not relieved at that time 
 from his irons ; but about a week or ten days afterwards, an officer came from 
 General Washington, ortlered the irons to be taken off and Lieutenant Moody to be 
 better treated. In consequence of General Washington's order, he was better used ; 
 that he (the deponent) knows nothing further that happened, as he (Lieutenant 
 Mootly) in a few days afterwards, was removed from that place. 
 
 " William Buirtis. 
 " Sworn before me at the time and place above mentioned. 
 "Richard Porter, 
 
 "As. Dy. Judge Advocate." 
 
 The above-mentioned dungeon was dug out of a rock, and covered with 
 a platform of planks badly jointed, without any roof to it ; and all the 
 rain which fell upon it immediately passed through, and lodged in the 
 bottom of this dismal mansion. It had no floor but the natural rock ; 
 and the water, with the mud and filth collected, was commonly ankle 
 deep in every part of it. Mr. Moody's bed was an old door, supported 
 by four stones so as just to raise it above the surface of the water. Here 
 he continued near four weeks ; and during most of the time, while he was 
 tormented with irons in the manner mentioned above, no food was 
 allowed him but stinking beef and rotten flour, made up into balls or 
 
JAMES MOOUY. 375 
 
 dumplings, whicli went thrown intu u kettle and boiled with the miat and 
 then brought to him in a wooden bowl wliicii was never washed and 
 which contracted a thick cust of dougli, grease and dirt. It is a wonder 
 that such air and such focMl, to say nothing of the wounds upon his legs 
 and wrists, were not fatal to him, especially as the clothes on his back 
 were seldom dry, and at one time were continually wet for more than a 
 week together. After Mr. Washington interfered he was served with 
 wholesome provisions, and ho was ailowetl to purchase for himself some 
 milk and some vegetables. 
 
 The ways of Providence are often mysterious, frequently bringing 
 about its ends by the most unlikely means. To this inhuman treatment 
 in (ieneral Arnold's camp, Mr. Moo<ly owed his future safety. On the 
 1st of September he was carried to Washington's camp and there confined 
 near their Liberty-pole. Colcmel Skammel, the Adjutant-General, came 
 to see him put in irons. When they had handcuffed him he remonstrated 
 with the colonel, desiring that his legs, which were indeed in a worse 
 condition than even his wrists, might be examined, further adding only, 
 that death would be infinitely preferable to a repetition of the torments 
 he had just undergone. The colonel did examine his legs ; and on seeing 
 them he also acknowledged that his treatment had indeed been too bad, 
 and asked if General Arnold htul been made actjuainted with his situation. 
 Mr. Moody feels a sincere plousure in publicly acknowledging his 
 obligations and his gratitude to Colonel Skammel, who humanely gave 
 orders to the Provost Marshal to take good care of liim, and by no means 
 to suffer any irons to be put on his legs, till they were likely to prove 
 loss distressing. 
 
 Mr. Moody attended the rebel army in its march over the New Bridge, 
 and had an opportunity of observing their whole line and counting their 
 artillery. Everything seemed smooth and fair, and he felt much at ease 
 in the prospect of being sotm exchanged, when very unexpectedly, he 
 was visited by an old accjuaintance, one of their colonels, who informed 
 him that he was in two days' time to be brought to trial ; that Livingstone 
 was to be his prosecutor, and that the court-martial was carefully picked 
 for the purpose. He subjoined that ho would do well to prepare for 
 eternity, since from the evidence which he knew would be produced 
 there was but one issue of the business to be expecteil. Mr. Moody 
 requested to be informed what it was the purpose of this evidence to 
 prove. It was, his well-wisher told him, that he had assassinated a 
 Captain Shaddock and a Lieutenant Hendrickson. These were the two 
 officers who had fallen fairly in battle near Black Point, as has been 
 already related. The ensign replied that he felt himself much at ease on 
 that account as it could be sufficiently cleared up by their own people, 
 who had been in and had survived the action, as well as by some of their 
 
U70 HIHTOIIY i>V ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 offlcera, who wen* at thn tiiim prisoiit'rs to him, iiiui s|)ectatorH of tlie 
 whole affair. " All this," said iiisfrionfl, " will he of littU^ avail ; you are 
 M(» ohnoxiou.s, you havi> het'ii and ar« likely to 1«* so iiii.sohievouH to us, 
 that 1)0 assured we are rosolvod to get rid of you at any rate. Besides, 
 you cannot dt^ny, and ii van he proved hy ineontestihie evidenc(», that 
 you have enliste<l men in tliis Statt^ for the kinj^'s 8«!rvice, and this hy 
 our laws is death." 
 
 Ensij;n Moody affected an air of unconcern at tiiis information, hut it 
 was too serious and important to him to he really disrej^arded. He 
 resolved therefore, from that moment, to effect his e.scape or to perisli 
 in the att(Mnpt. 
 
 Every precaution liad lieen taken to secure the place in which he was 
 confined. It was nearly in the centre of the rehel camp. A s«^ntinel 
 was placed within the door of his prison, and another without, hesides 
 four others close around and within a few yards of the place. The time 
 now came on which he must either make his attempt, or lose the oppor- 
 tunity for ever. On the night, therefore, of the 17th of Septemher, husy 
 in ruminating on his project, he liad, on the pretence of heing cold, got a 
 watch coat thrown across his shoulders that lie might hetter conceal 
 from his uni)lea8ant companion the operations which he meditated 
 against his handcuffs. While he was racking his invention to finrl some 
 po.s8ihle means of extricating liiniself from his fetters, he providentially 
 cast his eye on a post fastened in the ground, through which a hole had 
 been bored with an auger, and it occurred to Iiim it might be possible 
 with the aid of this hole to break the bolt of his handcutis. Watching 
 the opportunity therefore from time to time, of the sentinel's looking 
 another way, he thrust the point of the bolt into the above-mentioned 
 hole, and l)y cautiously exerting his strength and gradually bending the 
 iron backwards and forwards he at length broke it. Let the reailer 
 imagine what his sensations were when he found the manacles drop from 
 his hands ! He sprang instantly past the interior sentinel, and rushing 
 on the next, with one hand he seized his musket and with the other 
 struck him to the ground. The sentinel within, and the four others who 
 were placed by the fence surrounding the place of his ctmfinemcnt, imme- 
 diately gave the alarm, and in a moment the cry was general : " Moody 
 is escaped from the Provost." It is impossible to describe the uproar 
 which now took place throughout the whole camp. In a few minutes 
 every man was in a bustle, every man was looking for Moody, and multi- 
 tudes passed him on all sides, little suspecting that a man whom they 
 saw deliberately marching along with a musket on his shoulder could be 
 the fugitive they were in quest of. The darkness of the night, which 
 was also blustering and diizzly, prevented any discrimination of his 
 person, and was indeed the great circumstance that rendered his escape 
 possible. 
 
JAMKS MOODY. :J77 
 
 hut no Hiiiall ditliculty ntill remained to 1k' Hurmountod. To prevent 
 desertion, wliicli at that time was very frecjuent, Washington liad 
 Murrotinded liis cainj) witli a chain of Mcntineis, jiostfd at alxtut forty or 
 fifty yards' diMtance from eaeh other ; ln' was una(M|uainted with thtur 
 Htations, to pass them undiscovereri was next to impossil)le, and to be 
 discovered would certainly We fatal. In this dilemma Providence aj;ain 
 befriended him. lie had ;^ained their station without knowing it, when 
 luckily he heard the watchword passed from one to Hiu)ther— " Look 
 sharp to the chain, Moo<ly is escaped from the Provost ! " From the 
 sound of the voices he ascertained the respective situations of these 
 .sentinels, and throwing himself on his hands and knees, he was liappy 
 enough to crawl through the vacant space between two of them unseen 
 l)y either. Judging that their line of j)ursuit would naturally be toward 
 the British army, he made a detour into tlie woods on the oj)posite side. 
 Through these woods lie made as much speed as the darkness of the 
 night wouhi permit, steering his course after tlm Indian mannei- by 
 occasionally groping and feeling tlie white oak. On the south side the 
 bark of this tree is rough and uni)leasant to the touch, but on tht; north 
 side it is smooth, hence it starves the sagacious traveller of the desert by 
 night as well as by day for his compass. Through the most dismal 
 swamps and woods he continued to wander till the night of the 21st, a 
 space of more than fifty-six hour.s, during which time he harl no otlier 
 sustenance than a few beech leaves -which of all that the woods 
 art'orded were the least pernicious to the health and the least unpleasant 
 to the taste — which lie chewed and swallowed, to abate the intolerable 
 craving of his hunger. 
 
 In every inhabited district he knew there were friends of the Govern- 
 ment ; and lie had now learned also where and how to find them out, 
 without endangering their safety, which was always the first object t)f his 
 eoncern. From some of these good men he received minute information 
 how the pursuit after him was directed, and where every guard was 
 posted. Thus assisted, he eluded their keenest vigilance : and at length 
 by God's blessing, to his unspeakable joy, he arrived safe at Paulus 
 Hook. 
 
 On the fith of March, 1781, Colonel De Lancey, the Adjutant-General, 
 recjuested Mr. Moody to make an expedition into the rebel country for the 
 purpose of intercepting Mr. Washington's despatches. He readily con- 
 sented ; and set out on the expedition the very next night and travelled 
 about twenty-five miles. The following day he and his party kept concealed 
 in a swamp. The next night, for it was only by night they could venture 
 to stir, they had not gone far when tlie man who had undertaken to be 
 their guide refused to advance a step further. No arguments, no promises, 
 no threats, could prevail with him to proceed, though it was at his own 
 
878 IIISTOKY OF ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 ox|iroMH (h'sirc tluit lie wiih oiui cif the jiinty. Itiofiisod iit his lM'inj{ so 
 pfrviMMfi iiitd wi«)ii;{ hfiulcd, Mr. Moody in tlio first trHiis|M»rtM of liis 
 indi^iiiitioii liiid lU'tuiilly iMukt-d iiis ^uri in ordi>i- to xiioot iiiin, hut 
 liiippily lin instiintly i'<>c-ol looted that the piHtr devil had a wife and family 
 who depended on liiin tor hi'ead. This restrained him ; and ordering hin 
 arms to l>e taken from him, he waH under the painful necessity of 
 returning with him to Now York. 
 
 This man was remarkably earnest and Nolit^ment in liiH resentment 
 against the reln-ls. Me had heen much injiii'ed hy them in his property, 
 and they had also put his father and his liiother to an ignominious death. 
 It was natural to suppose, therefore, that such a man would he true and 
 firm. Hut ho was loyal uidy through resentment and interest, not from 
 convicti(tn and principle. These Loyalists from principle were the men on 
 whom ho relied and no one of these ever failed him. The Adjutant-tieneral 
 Hoomed to he much disappointed on seeing the party rt;turn, supposing the 
 hope of. ohtaining the de.spatclies to he now vain. Mr. M(H)dy informed 
 him of what had happened, hut added that he hiui ever since kept his 
 eye on tlie renegade, an<l had iu)t sutt'ered a soul to speak to him ; and 
 reiiuested that this caution ^ihoulci ho still continued, and that ev(!n the 
 sentry who was to guard him should not be permitted to have any inter- 
 course with him. On this condition he promised again to make the 
 attempt and hoped not without success. Accordingly he set out a second 
 time, and on the night of the 10th ho reached the l^lavorstraw mountains. 
 On Ilia nuirch he was informed that the post had gone by that day. On 
 the 11th the weather became very inclement, and he, with his party, 
 suflered exceedingly from a heavy fall of snow ; notwithstanding they 
 pushed forward, hoping by rapid marches to get ahead of the rider. These 
 efforts, though excessively fatiguing, were as yet all in vain ; but on the 
 15th they were successful and got possession of their prize, and after 
 some equally difficult and distressing marches on their return, they at 
 length arrived safe with it in New York. The inexpressible hardships 
 which the party underwent in this luiventure, both from hunger and cold, 
 were fatal to the health of most of them. Soon after Mr. Moody was 
 made a lieutenant, having first served more than a year as a volunteer 
 without any pay, and almost three years as an ensign. 
 
 Almost the middle of May the Adjutant-General again complained of 
 the want of intelligence, and told Lieutenant Morjdy that he could not 
 render the king's cause a more essential piece of service than by bringing 
 in if it were possible another rebel mail. There was no declining such a 
 solicitation. Therefore on the night of the 15th, taking four men with 
 him, Mr. Moody set out and travelled twenty-five miles. Hitherto he and 
 his associates met with no molestation ; but they had not gone far the next 
 night, when they perceived a considerable party of men approaching them 
 
JAMES Moonv. 'M\f 
 
 iiH H^cretly (i.s poxnihly. Mr. MiHxIy tri«>(I to j(»>t oM" by the I«ft., but ho 
 f()iiti(i hiinst'lt' and hin imrty enclosed on tliriMt sidt's. On tht> li^ht wa.s ii 
 hi^h cliiVof riirks, so ni^;;iHl luid Ntt'cp that th*; tMicniy thought it iinpossil)!)' 
 for tlioni to csciiiM' on thu.t Midi'. It was obvious, tVoin thi'st* circunistatUM's, 
 that an ambush was hiid, and that this spot, so peculiarly convnniont woh 
 (;hosi>n for th<> purposit : in sliort that Mr. MimmIv and his party had b«>)>n 
 ht'traynd liy intrili;.,'('nft! sent forward from Ni'w York. Th«) only alti-r- 
 nativ»» li'ft was to surrendfr and parish, or to Imp down from tho top of 
 theRP rocks without knowing with any ceitainly cither h(»w hij{h they 
 w(Me, «)r what sort of j^round was at tiie bottom. The lieutenant bado 
 his men follow him, and sprang forward. Providentially tlu; ground at 
 the bottom was soft, aii<l everything else just as they could have wished 
 it; they escaped unhurt and proceeded for some time unmolested. Hut, 
 at tu) great distance ci'ossing a swamp, just In-yond it they fell in with 
 another party, of much the same nuiiilM'r as the former. Luckily they 
 saw, iviid wer<^ not seen. A little hillock was at hand to which the 
 lieutenant ordered his men (piickly to rc^treat, and fall on their faces ; 
 judging that in case they were discovered, then^ woulil be some advantage 
 in having to charge from higher ground, by which means if at all they 
 might cut their way through tho party. What he and his int'n felt, when 
 they beheld so superioi- a force marching directly towarfl them, till at last 
 they were withiti fifty yards ; or whi-n ii. this awful momenithey had the 
 happiness to see them, without being discovt^recl, take another course, no 
 person of sensibility will need to be toltl. A litth! council of war was 
 now held, and i*^ was determined to return whither only the way seemed 
 clear. To advance was impracticable, as tliere now could remain not a 
 doubt but that intelligence of th(! intended route had been sent from 
 within tlie British lines, and that the enemy had made a proper use of it. 
 They began, therefore, with all possible caution to measure back their 
 steps, for they were still apprehensive of other plots antl other ambushes. 
 And now having gained the North River, and being within four miles of 
 New York they flattered themselves they were once more out of danger. 
 But being within a hundred yards of a certain house, how were they 
 alarmed when they saw seventy men come out of it, and advance directly 
 toward them ! Lieutenant Moody was convinced they were rebels ; but the 
 guide insisted that they were Loyalists, and that he knew several of them. 
 On this the latter with anotlier man went forward to meet them, notwith- 
 standing that the former still persisted in his opinion. A very unpleasant 
 salute soon convinced this unfortunate duumvirate of their mistaken con- 
 fidence. The main body made for the lieutenant, who had no other 
 means of escape than to climb a steep hill ; but long before he reached 
 the summit, they had so gained on him as to be within fifty yards. He 
 received one general discharge, and thought it little short of a miracle 
 
.'IMO MISTOUV Oh' ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 tliul. III! i'H(:i\]H'(\ iiiiu'itniiiltMl. 'I'Im! liiillifl.H fli^w lil<i< a Htidiii of liiiil nil 
 ai'Miiiid liiiri ; liin cIiiIIh^m wiwi^ Hliot, iJiroii^li in Hi^vtwiil pliu-cH ; (iiii^ liiill 
 wt'ril. llii'oiii^li Ihh liiil, hikI iiMolJicr uni/.i-ii IiIh iii'iii. VV'il.liMiil. nt, nil 
 Hlacki^riin^ IiIm |i.ii'c Im- (.iirri<M| iiriiiiinl iiml iliHi'liar'^nii IiIm riiuHl<i!(., and l>y 
 lliin mIkiI. Itillcil iin<Mii' liis pui'Hiior'H ; Hl.iil IIh'V l<<'|>t. tip (.Immi' lim, nacli man 
 iliH(;liai't;iii;^ liin iijccr rh ftmi iin \w I'liiild load ; hut .;aiiiint{ an oj)porl unity 
 of Moon doiil)lin|{ upon IIk-iii, Ik^ ^avi- llii-ni tJi<- »ilip, and in diif l.ini<! 
 arrived oim;)- inor)! miiIV in Nnw York. Oin- of l-jji' two men who liad 
 • ■M('apcd, and ^ol in (iiMt,, iniKl.akin^ l.lu' HrrnaniM of t.ln> poor fallow wlio 
 waH hIioI, for lliomi of i.iculcnant. M<»ody liiniHi^if, liad /^ivcn <iul. lliiil, l.lni 
 iiciiriMianl wiiH killi-fl, for ln' had lnwird liin crii-^ ; Iml. llin friondH of 
 I he lallrr wiM'fi Hoon happy l.o Kcdno uiu'ipii vocal a proof Jhal, (hi- man wart 
 iiiiHtakcn. 
 
 Tlir very liiHl nif^'hl. after hin ret urn to Nrw V<»rk, an ahovc ri'laU'd, 
 vi/,., on I. In- |H(h of May, LicuLi-nanl Moody net. out aj(ain on the liunin<'HH 
 of iJiiH cxprdiljon. Till' rr-lx-Kt knew I. hat. Ik* hail lii'rn di i vi-n hack, and ho 
 thou|{hl. it. the propcrcHt tiini- to proceed inuiie.dialely in piirMuit of IiIh 
 olij(!ct. On that ni^jht, wit.h his Hinall party of four men, he f^ot, an far iiH 
 HeceiicaH, The next iii^dit. tJiey croHHed the llaekenMack Itiver hy nieaiiH 
 of a canoe which Lieutenant, Moody alwayM kept, there for hiicIi purpoMCM, 
 and which aft,er croHHin^ Ik; coiK^ealtMl uiil,il hi/i rel,urn lie then proceedtid 
 on I, ill comint; to the edj^eof a niar,tli, he fell in wit.h a party of rehelH, who 
 were patrolling' in that, ipiarler, wit.h a view only, it, in proliahle, of inter 
 eeptin^ the country |)eop!e who mif^'ht he carryin>< proviMioim i,o New 
 N'ork. This party diMcovered the lieut.enant, firsi, wit,lioiit l>ein;{ Keen, and 
 Hull'ered him to piiHH t-lieir van, not. hailin;» him t.ill Home of them were in 
 hin r'ear, a.H well as Home in Imh front,. He was inntaiilly ordered to Htand, 
 or he and all with him were dead men. Thin hi.,.'imonH the lieutenant 
 answered hy an iinmediat,e dinchar^e which thi-y ri;t.urned. lie t.lien 
 eallini^ on liin rear t.o arlvance, an if he had a lar^e liody in renerve, 
 and t^ivin^ a Hecond fire they noon dinperHcd. lie wan informed the next 
 day, t.liat thin rehel party con'iiHt.ed of twelve men. 
 
 Marching on alioiit four iiiileH fart.her, he (;anie to Saddle River, which 
 it was neceH.'iary to cro.sH ; hut ap|»rehenHive t.liat. there ini;{lit. he a j^iiard 
 HlJitioned at. t.lie lirid|{e, though the ni^ht, wiih diMmally dark and rainy, 
 and the river lia<l j^reatly overflowed itn liaiikH, im waded forMcveial yardH 
 throu^di a eoiiHidi^rahle dept.li of water, t.ill he ^ot cloHit Ui the liridf^e, 
 where he Haw aM he had feared a regular ^iiard. On IhiH he, retreated with 
 all poHHihIe Hpeed and caut.ion ; and was ohli^ed to wade lhrou;{li the 
 fiver ahout half a mile farther up, not without, much diflicwity and 
 dan({er. 
 
 The eoinit,ry hein;^ now niufili alarmed with rumours of Moody'n heirip; 
 out, occiiHioned liy tliJH lit.t.le rencontre, the mail iiiHtead of heiiig Hent 
 
.lAMKH MOOKV. .'{Ml 
 
 Ity l'()rii|il.<iii, iiH il. iiMiially liiul Iu-imi, iiriil wli<-i'<- il. w«im cxiicitt.iMl (,0 Ixi mi-l, 
 wi(,li, wiiH iiiivv Hi'iit, li\ l.lii- liiick rniiil willi 11. ^iiiinl l.o Hmirif il. On 
 (liw.'ovci'iii;^ l.liJH, l.lir- liiMilriiiuilr i|cH|iiil.(;li<i(i fi Ij'iiHl.y liiiyiiliMl. Id 11 iliHhitil. 
 piu't, of IJm^ I'l'iiviiK'M wilJi l(iU.i!i'H 1.0 IiIh frifiidH, and |iarl.i(Miliii'ly ilii'i'(;l.in^ 
 ont' of IImmii wIkihi' ikthoii, I'l'i^Mtr and vnicir miohI icMi'Mdilcd IiIh own, do 
 (laMK I'lir liiin liiil, a ^liii^'lr limir ; vvliidi lie it-adily did. In IIiIm IVi<>nd'M 
 tiiii^liltiHii'linod lived a |ii)in|iiiiiM and irn|i<it'lanl. jinilji')- ut' (lie iiracc, wlm 
 waH a riiwai'dly If^llosv, and i»l' (•((iifHf had liccn rrni-|. A I. iJiin niniiH 
 liDiiHi-, I'arly in iJie cNcnin^, IIh' |ii'i'Hiiri i'Mi|iliiyfd iiuMi-d an alarm. '\'\n: 
 jdMl.jrr raiM"' nut,, and '•Hpyin)', as il. wan intcndi'd In- Hlioidd, a lall man, 
 Id.H i'l-ai'M )'<invin('i-d liim il< wtiH Mnddy ; and lie inMl.anl.ly Im-I.i)uI< liimMi'lt' 
 1,(1 llid wuimIm. Tin- ni'xl, day I. Ik- inmunr wan n>'Hi-vn\ l.lial. Mfiody was in 
 l,lial, |iai'l< i)t' llic ('>iiinl,i'y ; and I, In- militia wan l)riiii;.dil, down i'luni lli<- |i/irl, 
 wlii'ir ln" I'eally wan, to piirsin- liim wlicif in- wan not,. 'I'lii^ rai-ilil,a.l(!d 
 t,lMi (wiptui'' of tin- mail, wliicli lie \v/iylaid for- live dayn licfocc I, lie o|i|ior 
 l.iinil.y [)i'r'H(?nl,<'d. Tlii.'i mail ronl,ainrd idl llic di'M|)al,cli('H I, hat, were himiI, 
 in conHtMinence of the inlcrview htrtwrcn <IiMii'i'al \V'aHliin;.M,on and iJic 
 (/'oiinl lt.orhainl»-aM in < 'onni'rlii'iil . 
 
 Li<iiit,()tiatit. Moody canned l.wo olJicr mii.ilH to lie l,al<i-n hy I, he |ico|ili' 
 iiiidoi' liJH diri'i'l.ion. In one of IIicmi' lilt,!)' i-xpeditionH liiH lirolher com 
 mandcd, a youn^ niao wIiohc fcailcHH coiifn.j^e iti the very t.ect.h of danger 
 lie had repcal.cdl y wilncHHcd. The yoiin^^'er .Moody Hiiceeeded in his 
 al,l,eni|it,, HO fat' an to int,ei'i'e|il I, he mail, hut, afl,i^i' nei/.in;^ il he wan 
 iil,la<;l<ed liy a nuperior pai'l y and l.wo of his men were t,al<en ; yet, he 
 liiiiiHelf had I, he ^ood foi't,une to eneape with that, pai'l, of t,he papt-r'M 
 whieli wii.M in hin own cuMtody. I'eniiHylvania wan the Mcciire of (.IiIh 
 
 (ftlt.OI'pl'iHO. 
 
 A till** far inoi'e inelarK^holy t,lian any yet, celaled eomen now to he told, 
 t/lie i'e(!olle(!t,iori of whieli (and il, i.n irirpoHHihJe l,hii,l, he nhoiild evec foi'^el, 
 it,), will foe ever- wiin^ with arij/tuinh the heacl, of I, he, writer <(f thin nar 
 raliv(^ In the end of Oetohei I7H|, Major Ki'ekwil.h, aidtt de eamp t,o 
 Oeiieral KniphaUHen, iwime and infoi'initd liieui.enaiil, Moody thai, one 
 Addinon had lieeri with hirii on a, iiroject, of hij^h momenl.. It, was 
 iiot,liin^ lenn t,han to lirifi^ oil' ihi^ inont, impor't,anl, liool<n and papein of 
 ('on^rerifn. 'I'liiH Addinon wan an I'ln^^linhman, iirid had heen employed irr 
 M(»rne inftM'ior department, under Mr. 'riiompnon, the ni'erel.(i,ry to the 
 < !on;,'i'eHH, lie wan t,lien a prinorier, and l,lm plan was t,hat, he nhoiild he 
 immedial,ely exehan^efj, ret,urM in l.hit UHual irranner l,o I'hilailelphia, and 
 there n'Hiiintt liJH old employini^ril . 'I'll)) lieut.onant, wan ahutidant.ly careful 
 and (tvnn HcriipulouH in IiIh irii|iiirii!H coiicitrriiiiK tlit; tnaii'M charact.iu-, on 
 which head Major Heck with ex|)r'(»HH(^d t.lie moni, <Mil,irc cMtididence, and 
 ohMiirvdd thai, Adilinon wan ctjually ciiiitioun rnnpcclinj^ the ciiaraotur of 
 thoNH wlio were to attoiid him. 
 
3S2 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 The matter was of importance, and Lieutenant Moody was confident 
 that, tliough it might be ditlicult to perform his part of the business, yet 
 it was not impracticable. He resolved, however, as Addison might think 
 him an object worthy of betraying, that he should not be informed of his 
 consenting to be of the party. And if any person did inform liim of it 
 he was to say the least, very imprudent. The lieutenant pitched upon 
 his only brother, of whom some mention has already been made, and 
 another faithful American soldier, for this arduous enterprise. Their 
 first instructions were to wait on Addison and to bind him as they them- 
 selves had been bound to mutual secrecy and fidelity by an oath, which 
 the lieutenant had always administered to his followers in all his expedi- 
 tions, when the importance of the object rendered such an additional tie 
 necessary, and which as it clearly shows the principles of honour and 
 humanity on which it was his uniform pride and purpose to act, he begs 
 leave here to subjoin, and it is as follows, viz : 
 
 "I, the uiulersigned A. B. ,do solemnly swear on the Holy Evangeli.sts of 
 Almighty God, that I will stand by and be true to the persons joined with me in 
 this expedition, and do everything in my power to accomplish the purposes of it ; 
 and I do further swear, that in case of our taking any prisoners I will endeavour to 
 treat tiiem as well as our situation will admit of ; and I do fui'ther swear, that in 
 case any accident shouhl happen to me, and that I should be taken, I will not, even 
 to save my life, discover or betraj' any person joined with nie, or any Loyalist who 
 befriends us with any information, advice or other assistance ; and I do further 
 swear, that I will not injure nor destroy any property, even of a rebel, unless it be 
 arms or ammunition, but faithfully pay the full price of anything we take from them, 
 if they refuse to sell it ; and I do further swear, that I will not wound nor take away 
 the life of any person whatever, unless they should attempt an escape when in our 
 custody, or it shall otherwise be absolutely necessary to our own defence. So help 
 me, (>od." 
 
 After taking this oath, a certain number of nights was agreed on, in 
 which Addison was to expect them, and a certain place also appointed 
 where he was to meet them. In such an adventure it was impossible to 
 be exact to any time ; but it was agreed that if they failed of being at the 
 place in any of the specified nights, he should no longer expect them ; 
 and they further promised by proper means to apprise him, if possible, if 
 any accident should befall them, so as either to delay or wholly put an 
 end to their project. 
 
 Things being thus settled, Addison left New York in due form and 
 manner, as was generally supposed in order to return to his former 
 friends and employnient, and at the proper time Lieutenant Moody and 
 his friends followed him. The manner and circumstances of their march, 
 it is not material nor proper here to relate ; suffice it to say, that on the 
 night of the 7th of November, the first in the order of those that had 
 been appointed, they arrived in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, but 
 
JAMES MOODY. 383 
 
 on the opposite aide of the river. Tliey found Addison already on the 
 spot, waitinn; for them according to appointment. Lieutenant Moody 
 kept a little back, at such a distance as not to have his person distin- 
 guished, yet 80 as to be within iiearing of the conversation that passed. 
 His brother and Marr liis associate, on going up to Addison, found him 
 apparently full of confidence and in high spirits ; and everything seemed 
 to promise success. He told them that their plot was perfectly ripe for 
 execution, that he had secured the means of admission into the most 
 private recesses of the State-house, so that he should be able the next 
 evening to deliver to them the papers they were in quest of. They on 
 their parts assured him that every necessary j)recaution had been taken 
 to secure and expedite their retreat, and that they had with them a sure 
 friend, who would wait for them on that side of the river, who as 
 well as themselves would die by li is side rather than desert him should 
 any disaster befall them. He replied that they should find him as true 
 and ff ithful to them and their cause as they themselves could possibly 
 be. Soon after they crossed the river together to Philadelphia, and it is 
 probable that on the passage Addison was for the first time informed that 
 this friend was Lieutenant Moody. Whether it was this discovery that 
 put it first into his head, or whether he had all along intended it, and 
 had already taken the necessary previous steps, the lieutenant cannot 
 certainly say, but he assures himself that every generous-minded man 
 will be shocked when he reads, that this perfidious wretch had either sold, 
 or was about to sell them to the Congress. 
 
 As the precise time in which they should be able to execute their plan 
 c luld not be ascertained, it was agreed that Lieutenant Moody should 
 remain at the ferry-house opposite to Philadelphia till they returned. 
 On going into the house, he told the mistress of it by a convenient 
 equivocation, that he was an officer of the Jersey Brigade, as he really 
 was, though of that Jersey Brigade which was in the king's service. The 
 woman understood him as speaking of a rebel corps, which was also called 
 the Jersey Brigade. To avoid notice he pretended to be indisposed, and 
 going upstairs, he threw himself upon a bed, and here continued to keep 
 his room, but always awake, and always on the watch. Next morning 
 about 11 o'clock, he saw a man walk hastily up to the house, and over- 
 heard him telling some person he met at the door, that " there was the 
 devil to pay in Philadelphia ; that there had been a plot to break into 
 the State-house, but that one of the party had betrayed the others, th.at 
 two were already taken, and that a party of soldiers had just ciossed the 
 river with him to seize their leader, who was said to be thereabouts.' 
 The lieutenant felt himself to be too nearly interested in this intelligence 
 any longer to keep up the appearance of a sick man ; and seizing his 
 pistols, he instantly ran down stairs and made his escape. He had not 
 
884 IIIHTOKY «>|- ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 j^orm II liiiMilrtMl yiirdM fi'rdu tlic Iihiihc wlnsti \ii: hiiw tin- HoldiiTH i-uU-r il.. 
 A Hiiiall |ii('('c of w(i(m| lay licfdi'c liiin in wliicli Ik? Impt'd /it, It-iiHt. Ut lit) 
 uut of MJ^lit, and lie liad Hpr'nri)^ (Jk? t'l'iicr in oi'drr to rntrr' it,. ISiit it 
 wuH already lirird liy a parly of liorHO wil.li fi view ot' nit.l.in^ ofl IiIh 
 rcttfat. 'I'linH Mill rounded, .'ill liopcH of llij^lit wcic in vain ; and to st'ck 
 for a lii<lin^ piact? in a rli^ar oprn Dcld, MccnirMl i'(|nally uhcIchh, l>rownin|;; 
 jM'rHonH <;at,(:li at HtrawH ; with liar'flly a liopc of )-H(;apin^ w» iniKtli an a 
 iiKJinoiit/ lon){<-r iindiscovi^rttd, lid t,liri!W liiinH*;lf flat, on Im'm fa<w in a (lit,<;li, 
 wliich yet, HcciiK^d of all placi's the IcaHl, calculated for conccalnu'iil, for il 
 was witliout, weeds or sliriilis and so Mliallow t.lia.l. a <piail nii<.;lit lie Heeri 
 in it. Once more he had vi-iihou to niorali/e on tli<- vanity of all hniiiaii 
 contrivance and conCidenee ; yet as Providence ordered it,, the iinprolia- 
 hilil.y <if the place provcrd the nieariH of his Hemirit.y. lie had lain lhei'f» 
 hill a few niinnles when h]\ of liin piirsnei-H paused within ten feet of him 
 and vory diligently examine<i a thickety jiart of the ditch that was Imi a 
 fesv paces from him. With his iiistolH cocked ho kept his eye c()tmt,ant,ly 
 on tln^ni, detei'ininiri^ that as soon as he Ha,w himself t(» lir; discovered hy 
 any one of tJii'in, he would iiist.antly sprinj^ nji, and sell hi.s life as dwirly 
 (iH jnij^ht he, and refusint; to he taken alive, pi'ovfike, and if ixissilili? fonut, 
 them to kill him. ()n<te or twice he thought he saw oni; of the soldierH 
 look at him, and he was on the point of shooting th(^ man ; lull, r<?llecting 
 that possilily though the 'i<)|di(M' did see, yet he might have tim humanity 
 not to diHCdver him (hh he would fain hofie was really t\)c case), his heart 
 Hiriot<! him for his rash resolution, and he thanks dlod that he was 
 rcHtrained from putting it in ex<M'utioii. 
 
 l<'i'(im the ditch they went all around the adjacent field ; and as 
 Li(nit«!nant MoocJy sometiinfis raised up his hea,d a little he wiw them 
 fr(!(|uently running their hayonets intd hoiuc small statiks of Indian corn- 
 foflder. This suggestf'd t/i him an idea, that if lie should escajM? till night, 
 a filace they ha'l already exploriid would he the securest shelter for him. 
 When night came he got into one of these stacks. The wind was high, 
 wliicli pHiventod the rustling <if the hiaves of t,li« foddei- as he cntonMl 
 i'roin iK'ing heard liy the pc^opie who were at that time passing clfi.se l»y 
 him into the country in (piest of him. His p<isition in this n-treat was 
 very uncomfortable, for he could nt^ither sit noi' lie «lown. In this orciot 
 poHturo, liowovor, lie remained two nights and two days, without a moraol 
 of fo(Kl, for tlif^re was no corn or' the st,alks, and, which was infinitely 
 more inUihiralile, without drink, lie niiiHt not relate, for reasons whi(!h 
 may Im' easily imagined, what he arm', of him immediately after his cimiing 
 out of this uneasy prison ; hut he \ ill vH;.ti'rG t,n inf<.rm the re(ui(!r that 
 on the fifth night after his elopem v.i. from the fc-rry houHe, he searched 
 the hanks of the Delaware till he had the good fortuni! to meet with a 
 Mmall boat. Into this he jumped, and afte ' waiting a little for the tidv 
 
.lAMKH MnoliV. '.iHit 
 
 cif llnuil, wliirli wiiH tii'iiv, \\i' pUHlii'd (iir, aii<| r'ltvvfd a (•otiMidcr'nMfi way up 
 tlif rivt'C. Ihinun (.his viiyuj^f- he wiih Hovcr'al tiimrH accoslcil \iy jirojihi 
 on (Ik- wiitfT', Imt. Iiaving I'oiiikI tln' liriii'lll. <if |iiiM.iii^ on a ffarltiHH air, 
 h(! f'tiiloavonn'd t<i aiiHwcM' iJicrii in l.licir own way, and n'cojlcctjnf^ Hoinn 
 of (he K'HM [KiliHiicd pliasK'H of ilio ;;fnt,l(!HH'n of fJic ojir, ho used tlii^rn 
 |ir('lly lilMTally, an<l (Imih whs HidlV'r'i'd t.o pans on iniHiisipi-ct.rd. Indue 
 t.irrif; he left. Iiin Ixial, and relying on tlir aid of LoyaliHtH, Hoini^ of wlioni 
 III' i<ncw wcri! rvi'iywlinrn to Im- found, lie went, ifit«> a part «»f (Ih) 
 <onnl.?y le;iH(. known t(» liiin, an<l llie leiist, likely for liirn to liavf; tlioiit^lit, 
 of; /itid at. leri;^'tJi, after many (^ireiiiloiiH niai'clieH, all in t.lie ni^ht, and 
 tJiroii^li jiat.lileHH eourHeH, in about, live dayH he onee more arrived safo 
 in New York. 
 
 All lliewe ed'orts for life wercr dictated, it, wftuld seem, rather hy 
 iriMlinct than reanon, for oiicupied as his mind had lieen with his own 
 fhinKers, and his own Hutlorinj^s, he (!an liuly say hin ^reat,«•Hl, uneasiness 
 was on a(!(!ount of his hrot.lif^r. There was not a ray of liope that he? 
 could escape, and less, if |)()ssil)le, that he would lir' pardoned. lie was 
 the son of his olij a^^e to a most worthy and heloved father who had 
 liiniHfilf l)cen 11 soldier, and who loved and honoured the profn.ssion. 
 Indeeij, he was a most, amiahle younf< man, as remarkahle for t.hi^ sweet- 
 ness of his disposition as for his undaunted intrepidit/y. ICxcellent 
 youth ! lOvery feelin;^ Imarl will for'^ive the (ear which is now dropped 
 to thy memory hy thy sorrowiti;^ hrr)ther ! Me perishi-d liy an i^^nomini- 
 oiis death, in thr- t.wenty-third ye;ir of his aj.;e, t.he niiWH of M-hich, as 
 may naturally he suppoHcd, well nif^h lirou^jht the j.;rey hairs of a vener- 
 alilt^ father with sor'row to the (;r'ave. It did not indeed innnedialely 
 cost him his life, hut. it cost him, what/ is more valuahle, Ids reastm. 
 
 His fell(»w-pri.4onei' was also sf^nti^ictid t^* deatli ; hut, on making some 
 pretended discoveries, of no considt^rahle moment, he was reprieve<|. 
 Lieutenant Moo<iy is H(wiHil)l<! it contains no intVirmation that viui interest 
 the reader; yet as he prese.rves it as a precious relic. In? persuiwles him- 
 Hi'M e,v(!ry man who is a brother will forj^ive his insertini^ an extract, or 
 two from his hnither's last let.ter, dated November 113th, 17H|,from tin- 
 new jail dungeon, Philadelphia. 
 
 1)l':,\li IIhoiiikk, l.i't nil- iiitri'at. yiiii nol l.c» ^^rii^vc iil. my fiit.o, iiiiil \.]u' fiitn of 
 my lii'iillicr Hiililicr. Itctriiyi'il liy I Im iiiiiii nii wh<ini wir liepi'iiiji'il locxoi'litc the pliiii 
 pr(i|i<miN| liy (^iptiiiii Hci'kwit li, wi' wcin liiki;i) up as spies, ami liiivc liren tried ami 
 ciiiKJi'tiini'il anil are U> die tii iiinrrriw. I pray yon t.n furtive liini at I >|ri, iiinl 
 bawti^iiiii ,Miirr <lo(m also, as fntfily as we liopti to lie forgivi'ii hy our Maker. . . . 
 One inure ii'ijiieMt I liiivc to iiiiike to yiiii iM, tliiit, taking wainin)^ l»y niy fate, you 
 will nol, lioreaftei- no olltiii vciitiiic yoiirHelf out of the Hritish lincH. I am in irons, 
 hut thanks to the AlmiKlity, I Htill havo thn lilxirty of thought and Hpeei;h. (Mi ! 
 may I mnk(^ a gooil ime of them and he pr'tpaicd, as I ought to he, for eternity. 
 25 
 
886 IIISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 Scntenuu has not Iwon passeil on us above two hours, nil of wiiioh tiiiio I have 
 cni|iloye(l in prnycr, and 1 will continue to do to the huit moment, and I hlesa Uod 
 I feel quite cheerful. " 
 
 Lieut. Moody cannot in justice close tliis plain and unprotendinji; 
 narrative, already sj)un out to too jjreat a Icnj^th without bearing his 
 public testimony, feeble as it may be, in favour of, and returning Ins 
 thank.s, as he most cordially does, to tho.se brave, loyal Aineiicans, whom 
 though in the ranks only, he shall always think it the greate.st honour of 
 his life to have commanded in these expeditions. They were in general 
 men of some property, and, without a single exception, mt^n of principle. 
 They fought for what appeared to be the true interests of their country 
 as well as to regain their little plantations, and to live in peace under a 
 constitution, which they knew by experience to be auspicious to their 
 happiness. Their conduct in their new profession as soldiers verifies 
 their cliaracter ; they have been brave, and they have been humane. 
 Their honesty and honour have been uniformly conspicuous. It was a 
 first principle, in all their excursions, never to make war against private 
 property, and this has been religiously observed. Some striking instances 
 of their forbearance might be given, if necessary, even when they have 
 been provoked to retaliate by private wrongs and personal insults. 
 
 And here it ought to be mentioned, with the utmost gratitude and 
 pleasure, that though Mr. Moody in the course of his adventures was often 
 obliged to put his life into the hands of the Loyalists in different parts 
 of the country, he never was disappointed or deceived by any of them. 
 In the year 1777, he continued among them more than three months at 
 a time, and near as long in 1778. He knew their character, and could 
 safely confide in them. They were men of such inflexible attachment to 
 government, that no temptations could induce them to betray their 
 trust. Though many of them were reduced to indigence and distress, 
 and they knew that almost any price might be obtained by giving up so 
 obnoxious a person, yet they were so far from betraying him that they 
 even ran great hazards in giving him assistance. Surely such merit as 
 this is worthy of esteem and admiration ; and it is humbly hoped that 
 the many thousands in the colonies who possess it, will not be deserted 
 by government, and consigned over to ruin and wretchedness, without 
 an absolute necessity. 
 
 It is with the utmost concern Mr. Moody has heard of the doubts and 
 debates that have been agitated in England concerning the number and 
 the zeal of the Loyalists in America. It might be uncharitable, and 
 possibly unjust, to say that every man who has entertained such doubts 
 has some sinister purposes to serve by them ; but it would be blindness 
 in the extreme not to see that they were first raised by men who had 
 other objects at heart than the interests of their country. Men who 
 
JAMES MOODY. 887 
 
 have performed their own duty feebly r)r fiilHely, naturally seek to excuse 
 tliemselves by tlirowiiifj the lilanio upon others. It would ill becf)me an 
 obscure individual to obtrude his opinions ; but an honest man may, and, 
 when he thinks it would serve his country should, relate what he has 
 seen. The writer of this narrative has already disclaimed all pretensions 
 to any extraordinary share of political sagacity ; but he has common- 
 sense, he can see and he can hear. He has had more opportunities than 
 most men of seeinjj; and hearing the true state of loyalty in the middle 
 colonies, and he most solemnly declares it to be his opinion that a very 
 great majority of the people there are at this time loyal, and would still 
 do and suffer almost anything rather than remain under the tyranny of 
 their present rulers. Let but the war be undertaken and conducted on 
 some plan, and with some spirit ; let but commanders be employed who 
 will encourage their services, and leave them under no a| '>rehensions of 
 being deserted and betrayed ; and then, if they do not exeit themselves, 
 and very effectually, let every advocate they have had, or may have, be 
 reprobated as a fool or a knave, or both together — and let the Americans 
 continue to feel the worst punishment their worst enemies can wish 
 them — nominal independency but real slavery. 
 
 Perhaps the honest indignation of the writer may have carried him 
 too far ; but, on such a subject, who, in Aw circumstances could speak 
 coolly, and with any temper 'I That he speaks only what he thinks, no 
 man, who is acquainted with him will doubt ; and if after all he is 
 mistaken, he errs with more and better opportunities of being right than 
 almost any other person has ever had. He has given the strongest proofs 
 of his sincerity, he has sacrificed his all, and little as it may be thought 
 by others it was enough for him, and he was contented with it He 
 made this sacrifice because he sincerely believed what he declares and 
 professes. If the same were to do over again he would again as cheer- 
 fully make the same sacrifice. He trusts therefore it will not be deemed 
 presumptuous in him to say, that he cannot be decently contradicted in 
 these matters by any man who has neither had such opportunities of 
 informing his judgment, nor given such unequivocal proofs of his 
 sincerity. The writer has certainly no bye-ends to serve, he is not an 
 ambitious man nor avaricious. The profession of arms is foreign from 
 the habits of one who has lived and wishes only to live in (juiet under 
 his own vine and under his own fig-tree ; and he can truly say that if 
 his Sovereign should be graciously pleased to confer on him the highest 
 military honours, he would most gladly forego them all to be once more 
 reinstated in his own farm, with his wife and children around him, as he 
 was seven years ago. 
 
 He has hitherto received but a very trifling compensation for his 
 services and sufferings ; and he looks for no more than will free 
 
388 HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 him from indigence and enable him more effectuully to serve his country. 
 In enlisting and paying men for public services, lie lias expended what 
 was saved from the wreck of his own fortune to a considerable amount, 
 and he was reduced to the necessity of borrowing from those whose 
 better circumstances enabled them, and whose generous spirits disposed 
 them to hazard something in the cause of their country. This may be 
 called until ii.nlanm ; be it so. Mr. Mocnly will not conceal his wish that 
 the world alwunded with such enthusiasts. Not his fortune only but 
 his constitution has been greatly impaired by the exertions he has made. 
 His physicians rec<iminend a sea-voyage, a change of air, and a respite of 
 his fatigues and anxiety of mind, as the only remedies left hiin ; and the 
 late commander-in-chief, Sir Henry Clinton, was pleased to second tlieir 
 recommendation by politely inviting him to England. He acknowledges 
 with gratitude that their kind intentions witli regard to his health have 
 not been wholly frustrated. He trusts ho will soon be able, and he 
 would rejoice to be called by the service, to return to America. He 
 would go with recruited spirits, and unabated ardour ; for, rather than 
 outlive the freedom of his country, it is his resolution, witli King William 
 of glorious memory, even to die in the last ditch. 
 
 James Moody. 
 Warder Street, No. 97, November, 1782. 
 
 The following certificates, selected from a great number of others in 
 the author's possession, are presumed to be surticient to establish the 
 truth of this narrative : 
 
 No. I. 
 
 "Tlie events related in the following narrative are so very extraordinary that 
 many gentlemen who are iinac(|uainted with the country, and with the several 
 circumstances, might doiil>t of the truth of them. I think it therefore a piece of 
 justice due to the merit of Mr. Moody's services, to declare that I l)ulieve this 
 narrative to he a true account of his proceedings. 
 
 " Wm. Fkankmn, 
 " Late Ooirnior of Xew Jcrnnj." 
 
 No. II. 
 
 " I do hereby certify tliat Mr. James Moody came within the British lines in 
 April, 1777, and l)rought in with him upwards of seventy men, all of whom, except 
 four, entered into my brigade. That in Juno following he was sent into the rebel 
 country for the purpose of enlisting men for His Majesty's service, with orders to 
 continue there until a favourable opportunity offered for him to disarm the relnds, 
 and arm the Loyalists, and with what men he could collect to join the royal army ; 
 but as he was prevented from putting that plan into execution by tuir army's 
 taking a different route from what was expected. That Mr. Moody, being thus 
 disappointed, assisted by two of his neighbours, soon after embodied about a 
 hundreil men with whom he attempted to join the British army but was unsuc- 
 cessful. That afterwards he made two successful excursions into the rebel coiuitry, 
 
JAMES MOODV. 889 
 
 ami l>n)ii>,'ht with him from Sussex County iiliout sixty ahltvltodicd riMTuitH, nearly 
 all of whom cnttM'ed into my hrigiiih? ; tiiat after this time he niaih; many trips into 
 New Jersey ami Pennsylvania, ami Itrought in witii him nmny gooil men anil gained 
 many artieles of important intelligenci! eoui;orniny the movements of Col. Untler, 
 the real Htal(^ of the rehel country, the situation and eondition of the relwl armies 
 under the command of their (ienerals Washington, Sullivan, etc. And that while 
 Mr. .Moody was under inv immediate direction, he also destroyed a considerable 
 niiga/.inc of stores near Ulack Point, taking prisoners, two colonels, one major, and 
 several other officers, and liroko open the Sussex County jail rescuing a nuinher of 
 Loyalists that were imprisoned in it, J)ne of whom was undei' sentence of death, 
 besides performing many other important services. 
 
 " I do also certify tiiat iii the month of October, 1777, the said Mr. Moody was 
 huistered as an ensign but received no pay as such till April, 1778; that he con- 
 tinued his exertions luider my direction till 17S(), about which time ho was taken 
 from the regiment, wliich prevented his being apjminteil to a company in it, as it 
 was iti general believed the (■oinmander-inchicf intended tloing .something better for 
 him ; that I have every reason to believe Mr. Moody received nothing from the 
 (iovornment to reward him for his (extraordinary services, or to indemnify him for 
 his extraordinary expenses, till 1780; that from the time of his joining the army in 
 April, 1777, till liis dei)arturo for Kuropc in May, 1782, he did upon every occasion 
 exert himself with the utmost zeal in support of His Majesty's cause in America ; 
 and on the whole, that I believe all that is related in iiis printed narrative to be 
 true without exaggeration. 
 
 "Cortland .Skinnkr, 
 "London, January 30th, 1783." " Jingmlier-Generai, i'ti\ 
 
 No. in. 
 
 "I do hereby certify that during tiie time I was commandant of New York, Mr. 
 James Moody went sundry times into the rebel country to gain intelligence of the 
 situatifm and circumstances of the rebels ; that at one time he was absent five weeks 
 in ditl'erent |)arts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and brought authentic and full 
 information of the situation and resources of the .several detucliments of the rebel 
 army under command of (Jenerals Washington and tlates, in the year 1779; and 
 the j)rospect the rebels hail at that time of j)rocuring a h)an from France. That in 
 each of his excursions he obtained and regularly re|)orted to me very accurate 
 information of the rebel country, and appeai'ed to be very zealous and attentive in 
 promoting His Majesty's service ; and from the knowledge I have of his services and 
 sufferings, I cannot but I'ecommend him as a |)er8on who merits encouragement and 
 support from the British (Government. 
 
 "J AS. Pattison, 
 
 ' ' Major- General. " 
 
 No. IV 
 
 Nkw York, May Hth, 1782. 
 
 " Lieutenant James Moody, of the First Battalion of Brigadier-( Jeneral Skinner's 
 Brigade of Provincial Troops, having apj)lieil to me for a certificate of some particu- 
 lar services which he has rendered in America ; and which from their having been 
 attempted, and in a great measure executed, during General Knyphauaen's having 
 the command within this district, I feel much satisfaction in complying with the 
 request of this gentleman, and in expressing that Lieutenant Moody in two instances 
 
300 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 in particular, conducted two Hniall purtieM, one to Jersey and the other to I'hlladel- 
 pliia with much |)i-i'Monal rixk, great Hpirit and ^'ood conduct ; and 1 ever found him 
 dutiirouB of niunifeHtiiig his /.ual for tlie good of tlie king'H Hcrvice. 
 
 "(}eok(ik Bkckwith, 
 
 " Mnjor in the Armii, 
 " Aidf-dfcamji lo Jjix Kxcrlhiicy (Iviurnl KiiyphaiiHf.n." 
 
 No. V. 
 
 " Nkw York, May 10th, 1782. 
 
 "By serving in difTerent public; de(mrtnientH in the ai'uiy in North America under 
 the comnuind of His KxccUency Sir Henry ('linton, I liave liud opportuniticH of 
 knowing of several military exploits, very esaentiiil and contributory to His Majesty's 
 service being performed by Lieutenant .lanicH Moody, of the Provincial (Jorps, 
 called the First liattalion of New Jersey Volunteers, in the execution of which, he 
 not only underwent the most severe luudshij)s, but encountered almost every 
 possible risk of his life, as well from these hardships (which naturally affected his 
 constitution) as from the enemy. He, however, persevered in detiance of every 
 obstacle with such an aniour and resolution as plainly evinced an unconunon zeal 
 
 and attuehment to his king and uoiiutry. 
 
 "Stki'. V. Adyk, 
 
 " />. Jiitlijc Advocate." 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 "Nkw York, May 11th, 1782. 
 
 " I, the subscriber, do hereby certify that shortly after Major-(ieneral Pattison 
 was appointed commandant of New York, and I was employed as his secretary, 
 Lieutenant James Moody of the First Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, having 
 returned from the country, where he had been engaged in collecting intelligence, 
 etc., appeared at the commandant's office and communicated to me for the informa- 
 tion of (ieneral Pattison, a variety of accounts relative to the situation of the rebel 
 army, etc., which I laid before the general. From this time an intimacy com- 
 menced between us ; and Mr. Moody afterwards, previously and confidentially 
 consulted me on the practicability of sevei'al excursions he intei\ded to make in the 
 rebel country ; and particularly with respect to his intention to make Governor 
 Livingston a prisoner. Mentioning his want of cash to carry into execution so 
 essential a service, I ofl'ered to supply him with twenty-five guineas for this purpose, 
 and to be his security, or to borrow at interest a larger sum, it being out of my 
 power to advance more ; but being supplied with money by His Excellency Lieutenant 
 General Robertson, he was enabled to go o\it without my assistance. Mr. Moody's 
 failing in this attempt, was owing to one of his party being taken ; by which means 
 Mr. Livingston discovered Mr. Moody's being out, took the alarm, and raised the 
 country ; and with difficulty Mi'. Moody escapeil falling into his hands ; but was 
 afterwai-ds unfortiuiately taken by a party of rebels and carried to the provost-guard 
 at Mi'. Washington's headcjuarters, where he was confined, anil from whence he 
 made his escape and returned to New York. 
 
 "Mr. Moody afterwards made various excursions into the country, and many 
 miles without the British lines ; took several rebel mails, containing intelligence of 
 great importance, and brought them safe to New York. In these excursions he ran 
 great riscpies of falling into the hands of the rebels, and his health was much 
 
JAMES MOODY. 391 
 
 tupoMoil from lyin(( iiiaiiy iii^litH and iliiyH in w(kj<Ih anil HwanipH to aviii<l ndiHCovcry. 
 In tlitiHi! cxciirnionH Mr. .Mnoily tliHi't<i;ai'<lo*l fitlicr tlie HcaHons, tlit< fali((U(j or tliu 
 riN<|ucH he ran. 
 
 " And on till' wlioli" of liis condiit't, I liavt- cvciy ii'iiHon to lii'lii'vc him rntiridy 
 ilisintcrcHtfd and actuatiMl (tnly l>y that zi-al for His Maji-nty's Hcrvitin wliirh ho haH 
 on (ivery occaHion oxhiliited. Kroni Mr. .Moody's dcidaration, and othor eviflence, I 
 havu (<vcry reason to hciicvr, that llic contriltutiona ho has from time to timo 
 received, were iiy no means a(h'i|iiate to the exjienses incurred on tliese oetasions. 
 Ami I know that Mr. .Moody did at his own expense and ercdit, support his men, 
 wlioHc health from a part iiipat ion of too nnu'h toil and fatigue with him, on these 
 
 excursions, hail been greatly impaired, 
 
 "John L. C. Hoomk, 
 
 " SccrHiiry In Majur-d'i in kiI PtutiHon, 
 
 lull' Co.nr.iaiiilanl oj Nrw York, eJi\" 
 
 No. vn. 
 
 " Extract of a letter from the Hcv. Mr. Brown (a very respeotahle idorgynian of 
 New Jersey, now in New York) to Rev. Dr. Cliandler, dated .May lOtii, 17S2: 
 
 "'You will receive .Mr. .Mooily as my particular friend, and as one most tirmly 
 attached to His Majesty, and t lie constitution hotii in Church and State. He iuis 
 hoth done and sutl'cred great things from a principle of loyalty. You may give full 
 credit to all hej4ayH, and if he tells yoii some things seemingly incredihlc, still y(m 
 are to believe him. He is honest, sober and firm — never intimidated by danger, and 
 of inideviating probity and honour.' 
 
 "Extract of a letter from Rev. Dr. Inglia, Rector of New York, to the same 
 person, date<l May 11th, I7H'2 : 
 
 " ' Mr. Moody is one of tin; most active partisans we have, and perhaps has run 
 more risiiue than any other man during the war. He has broiight in three rebel 
 mails, and has often been in the greatest perils among false brethren. The story of 
 his adventures will entertain and astonish you. He goes home at Sir Henry 
 Clinton's desire, who has promised to do something for him adequate to his 
 services.' 
 
 "In justice to Mr. Moody, I think it my duty to furnish him with the above 
 
 extracts. 
 
 "T. B. Chandler. 
 " August 23nl, 1782." 
 
 Sabine, who we must remember is an American writer, says in his 
 history of tlie Loyalists, that Mr. Moody was a remarkable man, and 
 warmly eulogizes many features of his character and career, emphasizing 
 with a very gratifying candour and fairness the fact that Mr. Moody 
 fought from principle, and most disinterestedly, and from an honest and 
 loyal desire to live and die a British subject. SaVnne says : " His own 
 narrative, singularly candid as regards the Whigs, bears the impress of 
 truth," and further, " T have in ray possession more than twenty letters 
 and other papers which, dated at different perioils and written by 
 different persons of distinguished merit, show that he was much respected 
 b} clergymen and civilians, as well as by gentlemen of the army." 
 
392 IIISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 It HetMiiH titut tlio only rewards liti olitiiiried for Iuh vnluiililt* Hervices 
 were a ttMiipuriiry allowiiiicu of £100 Hturliii^ a year, a grant of a tract 
 of wihiiMiKiss land in Nova Scotia, and tin- half pay of an nlUccr of Iuh 
 rank. In I7<^'> li<> returned to Halifax, whence he removed to his land at 
 Sissibuo — now Weymouth in the following year, where he estaldished a 
 new home for himself and family, and lived until his decease on the tirst 
 day of April, IHOK. 
 
 Mr. Motnly was a carulidate for a seat in the Assend)ly at the general 
 election in 179.'}. His brother [j«iyalist, Thomas IJarclay, was his col- 
 league. They wtsic successful, and represented the county until 1799. 
 Air. M(M)dy seems to have attended to his legislative duties with exact- 
 ness, and to hav(! taken considerable part in tht^ debates of that period. 
 
 Very soon after his settlement at Weymouth he c<imnienc(Hl an 
 agitation for a division of the county. In the petition praying for an 
 Act of the Assend)ly for that purposti, lie and his co-petitioners suggest 
 B»!ar (Fnibert's) lliver as a proper liustern boundary of the new c(»unty, 
 with Wt'ymouth for the county town, and speak of Clan^ as a very 
 nourishing and prosperous district. Theii- recjuest was not granted, nor 
 did lu! succeed any better after he became a member; and forty-siiven 
 years were to pass away beft)re such a division was effected. In attesta- 
 tion of his sound judgment the river which he named as the proper 
 eastern boundary was the one selected when the division was made. 
 
 Owing to the lapse of his pension and half-j)ay at his death, and 
 unexpected losses sustained btifore that event, his widow found herself, 
 in her declining years, in very straitened financial circumstances, and 
 was advised to ask the British (jrovernment to extend to her, her decea.sed 
 husband's pension for the remainder of her life. She accordingly 
 forwarded to the Earl of Liverpool, Secretary of State for the Colonies, 
 a memorial setting forth the facts of his services and of her circum- 
 stances in detail. This memorial was accompanied by the following 
 certificatory document : 
 
 "I <lo lieroby certify that James Moody, Ewi., inentionutl in the foregoing petition, 
 was well known to me for several yeai's at New York, iluring the American revolu- 
 tion, and sid)se(iiieiitly in London ami Nova Scotia; that the pai-ticnlars eonuei'ning 
 him stated in the petition ai-e all correct ; that he was an officer in one of the regi- 
 ments at New Vork, and very partiodarly distinguished by his active intrej)idity 
 in the most hazardous undertakings in His Majesty's sei'vice ; that during a long 
 residence in Nova tScotia he was eminently useful in promoting loyalty and order 
 as a magistrate, an officer, ami a mendN3r of the Legislature. And further, that the 
 petitioner, Jane Moody, his widow, is a wonuin of virtuous and very respectable 
 character, now reduced to extreme indigence ; and, therefore, I beg hund)ly to 
 recommend the prayer of the petition as every way deserving of favourable 
 
 consideration. 
 
 "(Signed), Cn.iKi.Ks Nova Scotia." 
 
KDWAUh TIIOHNK. .'193 
 
 It >{ivt'.s iiu> yroat plcusuro to tmnserilK' those (lucuiin'iits. No man was 
 Ix'tttT (|ualifn'il t'i'oiii |M'rsoiial kiiowlcdp^ to spciik of Moody's "activo 
 intmpiility in tlio nioHt ha/anlous uiuliMtakingH, " tlian Doctor Inglis, and 
 no nian'M tostiniony could lu; rogardcd of gieatiM" value. 
 
 [Mi'H. Janv MiKiily, ihi'iiiigh tliu intliioiioc of Diictor Iii^'liH, hikI of MIh Koyiil 
 (li^linrsM t III' Diiki- of Knit , ulio IiikI Ikmmi ii warm frii'inl nf liur iIccuuhoiI IiuhI>iiiiiI, 
 I'L'ceivfil Ik puiiMioii of tISl Hli'i'liiig ihiriiig liur lifo. — Kii. J 
 
 KDWAUI) TIIOHNK. 
 
 17!»!» ISOO. 
 
 Mr. Tlionie was a nativo of the old colony of Nc^w York, wliiirc he was 
 Ixirn in 174(>, and from wiiicli lie emij^rated to this pnjvinco in 17H3 ; 
 where lie soon after reconnnonced lifo l)j' makinj? a new home in Lower 
 Granville, on what is still known as " tiie old 'I'lujrnu propfuty," It is 
 known that the family was held in esteem in the conununity of which it 
 formed a part before, and at the time of, the revolution, and that the 
 conduct of its members was marked by so strict a loyalty to the Crown 
 as to rend<ir them obnoxious to the revolted party, to confiscation of 
 their projierty, and to make their exile a necessity. 
 
 Ml'. Thorne wa.'^: made a mayistrati; at an early day after the settlement 
 in Granville, and he held the office until his decease. The obituary 
 notice published innnediately after his death, states that he had been a 
 Justice of th(! Peace for fifty years, and if that statement be true, he 
 must have held the position in New York as early as 1770, which is not 
 only possible, but very probable ; but as he lived only thirty-seven years 
 in this province, he could not have held the appointment for more than 
 that number of years in it. In his otlicial capacity he was much respected 
 and greatly employed. 
 
 Mr. Thorne had a number of children. His son, James Thorne, 
 succeeded to the possession of the homestead on his father's death, and 
 descendants are very numerous, some of whom are to be found in 
 Granville, and others in St. John, N.B., some in Halifax, and others in 
 Ottawa. One of his daughters, Jane, was the wife of the late Timoth}' 
 Ruggle.s, who for many years was a representative of Granville in the 
 A.ssembly. 
 
394 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 THOMAS RITCHIE. 
 
 1806 1811, 1811 181S, 1818-1820, 1820 1824. 
 
 The subject of this memoir was the second son of John Ritchie, M.P.P., 
 and was born in Annapolis, September 21, 1777. His useful life fills a 
 larye space in the history of the Province, especially in its legislative 
 history, and tieserves a longer and more able biography than this sketch 
 is likely to be. Few men had greater intluence in the community in 
 which lie lived, and still fewer knew how to exert such an infiuence so 
 wisely and so well. 
 
 Mr. Ritchie studied law in the office of Thos. Barclay, who had himself 
 studied under the celebrated John Jay, and was admitted to the bar 
 about 1795, and, at the beginning of the century, on the removal of Mr. 
 Barclay from the Province, succeeded that gentleman in a large and 
 valuable practice, which he held and enlarged until 1824, when he 
 resigned his seat in the Assembly, and accepted a place on the Bench 
 of the Court of Conunon Pleas. 
 
 He entered public life in 1806, having been elected as one of the 
 county representatives in that year. He was chosen without opposition. 
 He speaks of the county, at that time, as being "the largest and 
 most populous in the Province, Halifax excepted," and affirms that he 
 continued to be elected without. oppositio)i, until his elevation to the bench 
 in 1824. It is probable that no man in Nova Scotia ever held a seat in 
 the Assembly for so long and continuous a period without an election 
 contest. 
 
 Among the many bills introduced into the Assembly by Mr. Ritchie 
 was one in 1808 "to regulate Negro Servitude." (See p. 284.) Probably 
 this was the last motion made in our Legishiture in relation to slavery. 
 In relation to the militia laws, Mr. iiitchie did not only aid in their 
 consolidation and revision, but by becoming the lieutenant-colonel of one 
 of the Annapolis regiments, took care that their usefulness should not be 
 lost for want of his personal services ; and so thorough an officer did he 
 prove himself that he received the special thanks of the Lieutenant- 
 Governor, in a letter from the Adjutant-General by His Excellency's 
 command, dated January 3, 1827. 
 
 The summer of 1816 was one of severe drought, in consequence of 
 which there was a general failure of crops, and considerable distress was 
 felt by the rural jtopulation tlnougliout the Province. So pressing and 
 general was the want of food, that the farmers were compelled to use 
 the grains usually reserved for seed for the following spring's planting. 
 Mr. Ritchie wrote to the Honourable Michael Wallace on the 4th of May, 
 1817, in relation to this occurrence as follows ; " The distress in this pait 
 
1 
 
 %. 
 
 Hox. Thomas Hitchik, 
 
 Jmlije of' till Iiil'iriiir Ciinrl of' ('niiniiiiii /'/kis, — - 
 
THOMAS RITCHIE. 395 
 
 of the Province is not as extensive as lieretofore reported ; seed corn i» 
 scarce, but we hear of few families who are altogether destitute ; seed is of 
 more consequence than other relief, it is not too late for barley, etc." The 
 Government of the day acting with promptness and wisdom, had ordered 
 a large quantity of maize, wheat, rye and barley, from the great firm of 
 Lennox, Maitland it Co., of New York, to enable them to meet the 
 emergency ; and the farmers of Annapolis receivetl out of this supi)ly 
 four hundred bushels of maize, live hundred bushels of barley, and one 
 hundred and seventy-two barrels of rye flour, to assist to carry thero 
 through, or until the autumn harvests could be made available. These 
 timely supplies alleviated the evils under wliicli the people laboured, but 
 they did not entirelj' remove them, and the ill effects of their previous 
 bad harvests followed them a year or two longer. Mr. Ritchie's letters, 
 reports and recommendations generally attest the soundness of his 
 judgments and his honesty of jjurpo.se, while they contain many 
 passages that, from the lapse of time, are beginning to possess 
 considerable historical value. In January, l!^'21, he wrote to the 
 Honourable S. S. Blowers representing that there were then only two 
 magistrates residing in the extensive township of Granville, and recom- 
 mending the appointment of Mr. Samuel Chesley and Mr. Samuel Hall, 
 sons of former justices. What a contrast with the state of these matters 
 to-day ! 
 
 In 1822 Mr. Uitchie, as chairman of the Committee of the Assembly 
 on '* Fisheries, Agriculture and Commerce," made a report to the House 
 which showed how thoroughly his mind was penetrated by the conviction 
 that we should extend our trade to the other continental colonies, or 
 Canada, especially to Quebec ; that we should make ourselves the 
 importers of West India products to be sent thither, thus providing 
 employment for our vessels, and by bringing back cargoes of flour, 
 rendering the country independent of our republican neighbours. 
 
 Judge Ritchie was appointed President of the Court of Sessions of the 
 Peace (custos rotulorum) on the 17th of March, 1828; a position the 
 functions of which he always faithfully and ably discharged. It seems 
 to have been characteristic of him that whatever duty he undertook to 
 perform, or whatever work he endeavoured to achieve, he applied fill his 
 powers to do it in a creditable manner, and he seldom failed in his object. 
 As legislator, lawyer, judge, magistrate, militia oflicer, or man of business 
 he brought to his aid a mind possessed of a power of analysis and 
 discrimination, which seldom suffered him to go astray, and his untiring 
 industry and persistent application enabled him to accomplish creditably 
 with com[)arative ease much that, to a man of weaker mental or physical 
 development, would have been entirely impossible of attainment. 
 
 During the long period that he held the oftice of first Justice in the 
 
H!>() HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 C(jurt of Common Pleas for the Western District (whicii embraced the 
 present counties of Annapolis, Digby, Yarmouth and Shelburne), it was 
 his custom to rendt^r term by term a detailed and elaborate report of the 
 business of the Courts over which he presidetl, and of other matters of 
 local interest to the Lieutenant-Governor. These reports are very full 
 and precise, and contain much interesting and valuable information upon 
 the various topics on which they treat, and are really very useful in this 
 respect. Sir James Kempt, to whom many of them were addre.ssed, thus 
 refers to them in a letter to Mr. Ritchie under date of August 19th, 
 1828: 
 
 '■ I tliaiik you for the report which accompanies your letter on tlie state of the 
 Western District, after the spring sittings of tlie Courts over whicli you presiile. 
 Sucii re])()rts are to me valuable ilocunients, ami I cannot leave the Province witii- 
 ()>it expressing to you my ol)ligati<)ns for tlie impartial n'lnner in wliicli you have 
 (liscliargeil tlie duties of the very imjiortant offices which you till. 
 
 "James Kempt." 
 
 In 1830 he was a candidate for the otfice of Attorney-General of the 
 Province, vice 11. J. Uniacke. In a document found in the pul)lic 
 archives, dated October of that year, his public .services are thus 
 summarized; "The public were largely indebted to him for the con- 
 .solidation and amendment of the militia laws ; he was the originator of 
 the treasury note systeni which had proved so beneficial to the country 
 since 1812; the loan hill introduced by him to alleviate the distresses 
 cau.sed by the chan,:!;e from war to peace, which became law in 1819 and 
 had produced the r^sults intended, was his work ; as chairman of the 
 Committee on the Consolidated Revenue Acts, he had done good service ; 
 he had been offered the Speakership of the House, but felt it his duty to 
 decline, and he was then the oldest member of the bar after the Chief 
 Justice and Master of the Rolls, and Judges Wilkins and Wiswall. He 
 died November 10th, 18-52, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. 
 
 The number of this gentleman's descendants, only one more remote than a grand- 
 son, who have <levoted themselves to the legal profession, a large ])roportion of 
 whom attained to eminence, one the highest eminence possible in the Dominion, is so 
 remarkable as to deserve mention here. They are as follows : 
 
 Sons : (1) Hon. Jolin W. Ritchie, Judge in E(|uity of the Supreme Court of Nova 
 Scotia ; (2) Sir Wni. J. Ritchie, Chief Justice of Canada ; (.3) Rev. James J. Ritchie, 
 Barrister fourteen years before taking orders ; (4) (ieorge W. Ritchie, Barrister, who 
 lived at Fredericton, N.B. ; (5) Hon. J. Norman Ritchie, Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Nova Scotia, dramlnonn : (0) Thonuis Ritchie, (7) George Ritchie, of 
 Halifax, N.S., sons of Hon. J. W. Ritchie; (8) William Ritchie, (!)) Robert R. 
 Ritchie, of New Brunswick, (10) J. Alnion Ritchie, (11) Owen Ritchie, of Ontario, 
 four sons of the Chief Justice of Canada; (12) Charles T. C. MacColla, son of his 
 daughter Lalcah ; (13) James J. Ritchie, Q.C., of Anna])olis, (14) W. B. AInion 
 Ritchie, Q.C., of Halifax, sons of Rev. J. J. Ritchie; (15) George W. Ritchie, of 
 
THOMAS WALKKIJ. 3!)7 
 
 Halifax, hoii of George W. Ritdiic. <h-nil-<imntlmii : T. Reginald Robertson, of 
 Kentville, N.S. , son of l^iileali, (laughter of Rev. James J. Ritehio. 
 
 Two of the brothers of Hon. Thomas Ritciiie's first wife were eminent lawyers 
 (see memoirs of John anil Hon. J. \V. .lolinstoiK^), and a remarkable number of her 
 nephews iiave also attained notal)le positions in the same profession. — [l'ii>.J 
 
 THOMAS WALKKH. 
 
 1806-1808. 
 
 This gentleman was the son of Thomas Walk((r, a native of Scotland, 
 who, a short time before 177U, was appointed Maval (JtFicer for the poit 
 of Annajjoiis,* where it is believed he resided until his decease. That 
 the .senior Thomas Walker came to Annapolis after 1707 and before 1770 
 is certain, as his name does not appear in the census return of the former 
 year, but is found in that of the latter. His family then consisted of 
 eight .souls, including himself and wife, the last-named being of American, 
 i.e., old colonial birth. Their six ohildien were all of Nova Scotia birth, 
 though certainly not all born at Annajwlis. In addition to these par- 
 ticulars, we learn fiom the same return that he was the owner of four 
 hundred acres of land. 
 
 His eldest son, the subject of this sketch, was probably twelve or 
 fourteen years of age at the time of liis fathe.'s removal to Annapolis, 
 and at the time of the arrival of the Loyalists he \\ould have attained to 
 complete manhood. It is possible he may have received the appointment 
 of Naval OHicer after his father's death, but it is more probal)le that at 
 an early period of his life, jie employed himself in mercantile pursuits. 
 Toward the close of the century he married Pho'be, daughter of Colonel 
 Thomas Millidge, by whom he had .several children. 
 
 At the general election which took place in 1806, he was brought 
 forward as a candidate for the seat for the township in which he lived, 
 and was opposed by Edward Whitman, a son of Deacon John Whitman. 
 (Set, Whitman family, post.) Mr. Whitman lived toward the eastern 
 extremity of the township (near Lawrencetown), and Mr. Walker still 
 nearer to the western extremity. 
 
 The contest proved to be a very close one, and was characterized by 
 much acrimony of feeling. The proceedings to which it gave rise have 
 developed some facts, which, without them, would probably have been 
 lost to us for ever. Mr. Walker, having received a m.ajority of votes, 
 was returned as duly elected by Winniett, the Sheriff, who had recently 
 been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late 
 incumbent (Dickson). His opponent, however, petitioned against the 
 
 * In a MS. of the author's I find it stated that he was a lieutenant in the (iOth 
 regiment, 2nd battalion ; commission dated April, 1775. — [En.] 
 
398 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 return, setting forth in his memorial that there were only " one hundred 
 and thirty-nine good votes in the present township of Annapolis," out of 
 which he artirmed that Walker had polled only sixty-one, whilst seventy- 
 eight had been cast for him, being a clear majority against the sitting 
 member of seventeen votes. He also complained that the Sherifl' had 
 refused to allow the vote of John Hicks, a Quaker, who declined to 
 swear to his qualification as an elector, though he was known by the 
 Sheriff himself to be an opulent freeholder ; and that the vote of Fairfield 
 Woodbury was refused, though the deed of his property had been lodged 
 in the office of registry* for more than two years before the election, and 
 was declared by the Sheriff not yet recorded. 
 
 In addition to these objections, he further alleged that " the Sheriff," 
 had admitted a minor to vote for Walker ; and also " one Thomas Clarke 
 who had no freehold " ; but the most serious and important of his allega- 
 tions he reserved for the close of his memorial, it was this : " That the 
 said Thomas Walker had bribed one Jonathan Payson to vote for hira, 
 by promising to discontinue a suit-at-law, which he, the said Thomas 
 Walker, had brought against the said Payson in the Supreme Court." 
 The new House met on the 18th November, 1806, and on the 11th 
 December the Assembly declared the election void, a conclusion that did 
 not seem to be satisfactory to either of the parties. Lewis M. Wilkins, 
 father of the late judge of that name, was the Speaker of this House, and 
 the whole case was referred to the home government for a final decision. 
 Tt was not, however, until the '?rd of March, 1808, that the Speaker 
 informed the House that " His Honour," the Administrator of the 
 Government, had received a despatch from Lord Castloreagh, in which 
 he was commanded to have a writ issued for the election of a member in 
 the room of Thomas Walker for the township of Annapolis. 
 
 A writ was, therefore, immediately ordered, and an election took place, 
 which resulted in the return of William Robertson, lisq., better known 
 as Colonel Robertson, who was sworn in and took his seat on the 19th 
 of May, 1808. 
 
 Mr. Walker had at least two sons and at least four daughters. The 
 eldest of these sons, whose name was Thomas Millidge Walker, died at 
 sea. The second son, Rev. William Walker, D.D., a minister of the 
 Church of England, lived to an advanced age in New Brunswick, in 
 which province he married and leaves descendants. The daughters of 
 Mr. Walker were as follows: (1) Elizabeth, married Francis Willoughby 
 Pickman, of Salem, Mass., afterwards of Annapolis Royal and St. John, 
 N.B., and has left several sons and daughters. One of the latter is the 
 wife of George Lynch, Esq., of Digby, and another of Herbert Crosskill, 
 Deputy Provincial Secretary ; (2) Anna Maria, married George R. 
 
 * The SheriflF was also Registrar of Deeds for the county. 
 
ISAIAH SMAW — JOHN WARWICK. 1199 
 
 Grassie, for many years SheriflF of Colclu'stcr, and afterwards Prothono- 
 tary of the Supreme Court of Annapolis. One of liis dauf^flitora was the 
 wife of E. 0. Cowlinj;, Judge of Probate; another, of Jared C. Troop, 
 Speaker of the House of A.ssembly ; (.'5) Mary, married 1835, Ed. H. 
 Cutler, Sheriir and Itegistrar of DeeiLs, Annapolis ; (4) Phu'be, died 
 unmarried in 1893 ; Margaret, who married in 181G, John Newton, 
 lieutenant in the Royal Navy, was also' probably a daughter, and the 
 eldest. A sister of Thomas Walker was the mother of General Sir VV. 
 Fenwick Williams, of Kara. 
 
 ISAIAH SHAW. 
 
 1806-1812, 1812-1819. 
 
 As the author left no memoir of this very useful and valuable member 
 among his papers, nor any materials by which I could compile one, I can 
 only refer the reader to page 202, and pages 216 and 217, ante, and the 
 genealogy of the Shaw family, post. — [Ed.] 
 
 JOHN WARWICK. 
 
 180fi-IHll, 1811-1S18, 1818 1820. 
 
 John Warwick was a native of the north riding of Yorksliire. He 
 left his native country in 1774, and arrived in the New England colonies 
 in the same year. The great struggle for independence was about com- 
 mencing, and in 1775 Mr. W. took arms on the royal side and continued 
 " to aid and assist the king " until the close of the war, when he came 
 to Digby with his family, where he settled and resided until his death, 
 which took place in or not long after 1830. 
 
 lu a communication to Sir Jam"s Kempt, in 1821, he says he was 
 encouraged to remain at Digby " by the benefit to be derived from the 
 public fishery adjoining the town-plot " now and long known as the 
 "Joggins." He also tells his correspondent that he "had cleared and 
 cultivated two new farms from a wilderness state." He was appointed 
 deputy post-master in 1800, and continued to drschaige the duties 
 devolved upon him in that capacity for nearly cwenty-five years. He 
 was first elected to serve in the general assembly at the elections of 
 1806, and was again returned for the township of Digby in 1811, and 
 served his constituency for the full period of twelve years. In 1818 he 
 sought the suffrages of the county as the colleague of Thomas Ritchie, 
 Esq., and was once more duly returned, and served until the dissolution 
 of the House on the demise of the Crown in 1820. 
 
 Mr. Warwick was distinguished for his uprightness of purpose and 
 
400 IIISTOUV OK ANNAI'OfJS. 
 
 conduct, as well as for his ahouiuHiig coinnion-sense. Conservative in 
 Ills opinions, l)Ut liberal in liis charities, he well deserved the populaiity 
 lie enjoyed in the county and the AsH('tnl)ly. Foremost in all acts tending 
 to elevate the morals and secure the interests of his constituents, tliey 
 were fully justified in the long-continued contidence they reposed in 
 him.* 
 
 WILLI A M UO B E RTSON. 
 
 ISOH IHII. 
 
 This gentleman was of Scottish descent, perhaps of Scottish hirth, 
 and settled in Aniui}K)lis ahout the time of the inllux of the [loyalists, of 
 whom he is said to have been one. He was early engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits, in which he seems to have been ((mj>loyed until his decease. He 
 was long and generally esteemed as an enthusiastic and etlicient militia 
 otKcer, and was commonly known, first as " major '' and afterwards as 
 " colonel '' Robertson. During the last (juarter of the past century, and 
 the first decade of the present, lie played a leading part in the creation 
 and prosecution of a direct trade with the British and Foieign West 
 Indies — a trade which, at the time of his decease, had reached consider- 
 able dimensions, and V)rought much wealth to the town and surrounding 
 country. 
 
 Mr. Robertson married Sarah, daughter of Robert Timpany, a major 
 in the New Jersey volunteers. Her father had been educated at 
 Glasgow, but was an Irishman by birth, and emigrated to Philadelphia 
 in ITfiO, and was employed in educational pursuits until the commence- 
 ment of the revolution, when he entered the third battalion of the corps 
 above named, and saw " a severe and continual .service " until its close 
 in 1783. Mr. Timpany died in 1844 at the very advanced age of one 
 hundred and two years, having been born in 1742. 
 
 This marriage, which took place about 1785, was productive of a 
 large family of children. Among them was John, whose memoir is given 
 in another place ; and James, a merchant, who afterwards removed to 
 St. John, N.R., where his descendants still reside,! (md Alexander, who 
 settled in Digby where he died, all of whom left issue. 
 
 In 1807 Mr. Robertson was appointed agent for Indian affairs in the 
 county, by Sir John Wentworth, an office the duties of which he 
 
 * The above is only a skeleton which the author intended to fill out into a more 
 extended biography, only one slieet of which is to be found. Colonel Warwick was 
 a very interesting character, and a man of great inHuence in Digby in his day. 
 -[Ed.] 
 
 t The wife of Jamea was a sister of Sir W. F, Willianis, of Kars, and they were 
 the parents of Fenwick l{obertson, a merchant who, I think, finally settled in New 
 York, and Rev. Thomas Robertson, long Rector of St. George's, N.B., who was 
 father of the founder of the great firm of Manchester, Robertson & Allison. — [En.] 
 
JOHN IIAIUMS. 401 
 
 diseliarj,'«'(l with j^rciit t'aitlit'uliH'ss tor several yt'iirs. In IKOH he was 
 t'h'ctod to (ill a vacancy in tlic represent at ion of the township of 
 Annapolis, jiiused hy llie unseatin;^ of TlioniaH Walker, who had ohtained 
 th(^ seat at the j^eneral (flection in 1800. He was swoiti in, and took liiH 
 seat in th(^ assembly on the twentietli day of May, ISUS, and remained 
 tlw. sitting member until the dissolution of thi^ House which took place 
 in IHIl. 
 
 Mr. KolM-rtson was not distin^^uished for oratorical power, thouj^h he 
 could, when occasion re(|uiied, express his opinions witli considerabU* 
 force and ability ; and the well-known intef^rity of his characU^r made 
 his utterances of value to the House. He is known to have possessed 
 the conlidence of the connnunity in whidi he lived, and to have merited 
 the consideration so cordially and <;enerally exttMided to him. 
 
 Jt must not Im" omitted to mention that om^ of .Mr. Ilobertson's 
 daughters was the wife of a i^rand.son oi l{ri>,'adi(M-(!eneral llu^^fjles, 
 Dwight Rugyles, Kscp, whose s(»n, the late William Uobortson lluj.;j^le.s, 
 was one of the leading merchants and postmaster of Annapolis, t^) the 
 time of Ills death. 
 
 JOHN HAI{mS. 
 
 1811-1818. 
 
 Tliis gentleman was a son of Sanmel Harris, a pre-loyalist settler in 
 Granville, in which tciwnship he is known to have resided in 17T0, when 
 his family consisted of eight souls, liimself and wife ami six children, 
 four of which were born in Nova Scotia and two in Massachusetts. It 
 seems very doubtful whether there was any consanguinity between this 
 family and that of .fohn Harris, of Annapolis, whose memoir has already 
 been given. The former is said to have been of English birth in the 
 census of 1767, and the latter is stated in the returns for (Jranville in 
 1770 to have been bovn in Massachusetts, besides the <lescendants claim 
 no blood relationship to each other. One circumstance, however, for a 
 time caused the writer much trouble, — they were of the same profession, 
 land surveyors, and one of them was a "junior." After full investiga- 
 tion it was found that the "junior" was always used in the mJdress of 
 the elder John Harris, who was the son of that John whose memoir has 
 been referred to, and never to the subject of this sketch. They were 
 p<^ually distinguished for the excellency and accuracy of their surveys, 
 and were both deputies of the Provincial Surveyor-General. 
 
 Mr. Harris was probably born in Granville, though he afterwards 
 
 settled in the township of Annapolis on a farm about two and a half 
 
 miles to the eastward of the town, wliich he cultivated and improved till 
 
 his death. In 1815 he was employed by the Government of Tjord 
 
 ■itt 
 
402 msTOKV OK .\NNAI'(>l,lS. 
 
 |)iilli()u.sif to survey and lay out the Dulliousio Hoad. (Sen liiHtory of 
 Dalhousie st'ttleinent, ante p. *J(iO.) 
 
 Mr. Harris was l»rou;{lit out at the f^eiieral election, whieli occurre<l 
 in 1811, as a candidate for tlie representation ot" the township of 
 Annapolis, the seat for whic^li had been tilled, since IHOS, hy C-'olonel 
 llohertson. Whether he ran in opposition to that jjentlenuin «>r not is 
 uncertain, hut it is certain that he was returned and discharj^ed the 
 functions of meuiher for tlu^ n«'xt seven years In IH 12 he opposed the 
 passage of Mr. Hitchie's " Treasury Nott^ lUli," thouf^h he voted in the 
 minority on the occasion. Tiie "Act to Kncourage Schools" which 
 j)assed in 1811, received his warm support as well as approbation. On 
 the whole, he appears t(( have been a very intellij{ent and industrious 
 representative, and to have deserved well of his constituents. Durinjj; 
 his period of service he obtained a grant of eighty pounds for the 
 building of a new bridge over Sawmill Creek, which was constructed 
 under the superintendence of the late Mr. Henjaniin l*'airn. ll«! was the 
 Commissioner who laid out and constructed the road still known as the 
 Hessian Line road in 1809. In these, and nuuiy simihir services, he 
 proved himself emin«'ntly useful and skilful. His legislative career 
 closed with the dis.solution of the Assembly, of which he was a member, 
 in 1817. In 1820 the Hou.se of Assembly granted him one hundred 
 pounds for his services in laying out and surveying highways, and u plan 
 — then much needed — showing the connections of granted lands in the 
 county. 
 
 PELEG WIS WALL. 
 
 1812-1816. 
 
 Mr. Wiswall was the eldest son of the late Rev. John Wiswall, Rector 
 of Cornwallis and Wilmot, having been born in Falmouth, Me., in 17(52 ; 
 and when his father, after his exile from Maine, became a chaplain in the 
 navy, he accompanied him in the ship. He attained his majority about 
 the time of his arrival in the Province. He became a lawyer by pro- 
 fession, and proved a successful one. Ilnergetic, faithful and persevering 
 in all his conduct, he soon accjuired the confidence and business of a large 
 circle of clients, and his legal attainments and forensic talents secured 
 for him a high place in the estimation of the bar and the bench. The 
 western part of the Province formed the chief theatre of his practice. 
 His headquarters was for the most part fixed in the beautiful village of 
 Digby, which had special charms for him, having been almost exclusively 
 settled by brother Loyalists.* 
 
 * Many anecdotes illustrative of Mr. Wiswall's idiosynurnsies of mental constitu- 
 tion and outward manners were long preserved. The late John Mctii-egor, barrister, 
 HO long a notable citizen of Halifax, used to relate the following. When a youth ho 
 
PKf.EO WISWAfJ-. 408 
 
 In IHI'2 Mr. Wiswiill hcciinic a ciin(li<liit<> for tin- t'lootorN' Kuflraj^ps, 
 witli tli« livtc .liidgo Kitcliio as a oollt^•l;,'ll(', and was Hucoossful in gaining 
 a Hoat in tin- A.sHi'nil)ly .is kiw of the county r('|>i«'s«'ntativ<'s. His 
 Ic^'isiativc caifcr, which was inai'kcd liy his usual activity, and the 
 scrupulous discharge of the onerous duties connected with it, was 
 destined to he (jf hut short duration. It was te. minated in 1816 by hia 
 elevation to the l)encli, as Associate .ludge in the Supreme (>ourt and 
 Master in C-'hancery, an escnt which took place on the thirty-first ot 
 March in that year. For the long period of twenty years from the date of 
 this appointment he administered the laws with an integrity, intelligence 
 and uprightness that distinguislu>d him anrl did him honour. 
 
 In 17'.>H Sir tlolin Wentworth, the Lieut(>nant-(iovernor, appointed a 
 commission to investigate the nature of the complaints concerning the 
 title of certain lands in the township of Dighy, and Mr. VV'iswall was 
 one of tlie gentlemen named in that document. The report is in his 
 handwriting, and (juite exhaustive of the suh.ject. Tn this document, 
 whose length prevents tivinscription, th(^ mismanagement of the old 
 Board of Agents, and the carelessness of the early surveyors are 
 denounced with consideral)le severity. 
 
 Our manuscript archives abound with articles from his pen addressed 
 to various individuals connected with the administration of public 
 affairs, and embrace a wide range of topics. Home of these papers 
 incidentally afford glimpses of men and things not (elsewhere to be 
 obtained and well worthy of rticord. As an instance : In a letter 
 addressed to Sir Rupert I). («eorge, dated October 10th, 1827, he writes 
 thus concerning the Longley* family, "Referring to a petition of William 
 Longley in relation to some (church?) lands, I wish Oovernment may be 
 inclined to favour Mr. Longley, as he is of a family that early purchased 
 and improved in this county, anrl all the men of his family are remarkable 
 
 called on Mr. VViswall to cousull him about entering on a course of legal study, and 
 WHS soniowlint abashed at his sitigular i)ro8cnL'e, ])eculiar dress of a past generation, 
 and <|ni(;k and irritable motions, as well as speei'ii, wlien the following dialogue 
 occurred : 
 
 .\fr. ir,— " Well, my man, and so you'd like to be a lawyer?" 
 S/iiiti'iit — " Yea, air ; I think I would like to be one." 
 
 Mr. W. — "Where's your gun, my boy? I want to see your gun my young 
 gentleman. Fond of sporting, eh ? " 
 
 Stiiile.nt — " I have no gun, sir ; don't know whether I'd like gunning." 
 Mr. \V. — " N(/ gun ! Well .you keep a boat then ; like boating?" 
 Sliulc.nl — " I do not own an.v boat, sir ; don't know how to use one." 
 Mr. W. — " You wear a wateh, or keep a dog" (snappishly) ? 
 SlHilenl — " 1 am too poor to wear a watch, and I have no dog." 
 Mr. W. (with an earnest and gratified manner) — " You U do, lad, if j'ou 
 persevere in the coiirse you have l)egun. The law is a jealous mistress, and eannot 
 be won exeei)t by the greatest and undivided devotion. To gain tier you must 
 sacrifice everything that diverts your attention from her. Remember this, my lad, 
 and I will ensure you success ; and you may rely on any assistance in my power to 
 aid you " (the last sentences in the kindest and most sincere way). 
 
 *The William Longley referred to was an uncle to Avard Longley, M.P. 
 
404 IIISTOltV OK ANXAI'ni.lS. 
 
 for ;;(mmI liiishiindiy, as well us fm jji'ticnil rcsjH't-tiiliility of iniinnt^rN arxl 
 coiuliiot. " 
 
 Mr. Wiswall, in a letter tu the Provincial Secretary, l)earin}( «lato 
 Dcc(Mnl)er Ist, \f<W, thus wrote on the suliject of the (iivisioii of tlie 
 county '• "To form two eouiities out of the jiresenl t'ounty of Aiiiia|ioliH 
 was first proposed wlieu the Ann-ricari Loyalists settle<l Dij^hy and the 
 landH westward. .\t tliat tiino there was not (as now) ^'ood n)ads of 
 coinniunication, and eons«'i|uently attendance on the eourtH and county 
 otKces at .Vnnapolis, to tiie western settlers was expensive and dit!lcult. 
 'i"he pi'esent population of the county may, perhaps, amount to 
 twelve thousand souls and is inereasinj,', hut the ijii-rease (owin^ to tho 
 barnMiness of the soil southward) will lie I'hieliy witiun the lon^ and 
 narrow line of settlement." In anothei' part of this papei' he ex|)ress(>H 
 liimself as oppitsed to a divisiotv of tho county, hut very hon((stly adds: 
 "The (fovenimeat may have reasons for it unknown to me, yet I feel it 
 to be my duty to lay hefoie them all the information in my power." He 
 concludes this communication i)y sayinj; that he thinks the eastern 
 settlers want a couit-housi! at Uridjuetown and the line of division at 
 Imhert's River, and naively suf,'t,'ests that "election calculations" nutve 
 those settlers to desire that iioundary. 
 
 In 1820, four hundred of the iidiabitants of Pij^by and viciiuty 
 petitioned tin! (iovernment to levokt! a Ki''int made in the prcivious year, 
 of tbe Jojifjfins fishin;; flats, to Thomas Anchcws. In their memorial 
 they set forth that this fishery luid been a public one since 1772, and 
 that it had always been manaj^ed for the public good and on its behalf, 
 by the Court of (itmeral Sessions of the Peace for the district, and that 
 the recent granting of it was a great and general injury and a public 
 wrong, which could be overcome only by annulling the patent com- 
 plained of. This document, which seems to have been drawn up witli 
 much care and considerable ability, was referred to .ludge Wiswall by the 
 Lieutenant-Uovernor for his opinion and advice. In his r(!port on the 
 subject, which was able and perhaps impartial, he arrived at the con- 
 clusion that " a public fishery is mischievous," and therefore advised His 
 Excellency not to grant the relief sought. 
 
 In 1826 Charles Budd, afterwards and for several years the repre- 
 sentative of the township, made ajiplication for a grant of the water lot 
 at the foot of " Maiden Lane," which was transmitted to the Judge for 
 his advice. In his report to 8ir James Kempt he says : " When the first 
 settlers were located in 17H3 and 1781, and the township plot of Digby 
 laid out, no mention or consideration had taken place respecting any 
 lands below high-water mark ; " and therefore recommended compliance 
 with Mr. Budd's application. Thia measure was opposed by the inhabi- 
 tants who, in their petition against it, informed the Government, " that 
 
I'KI.KO WISWAI.I.. ^U6 
 
 in liiyiii;; out' tlic town plot i>( Iti^^lu' tli<' Im-jicIi ut. tlit* t'lHtt of Miiii|t>n 
 liiiiH* and til)' iidjoininjf Ix^aoh ciiMtwai'tl werr pultlicly a^i'<>)><l upon and 
 Hot ajmit as a i)ul)lio slip, and has, as mucIi, l»«'t'n inrnrialth) held and used 
 to till- present day, hein^ tlie only safe landing; on tlie whole tVont of this 
 ♦'Xtensive village ; thon;,'li by the indiilj{ence of the pultlii', seM-ial vessels 
 have hnen l>uill at the toot of thi- said ^'aidell Iwine hy fjovett it 
 Crookshank,* and by Stowart t »t llijdd.'' 
 
 Althonuli liis sympathies were easily excited in favour of liis Loyalist 
 brethren, to his honour lie it said tln-y were not confined to thnt class of 
 tho population. We have seen liovv kindly lie wrote of William Lon^loy, 
 a [ire-loyalist. Of another gentleman, not a Fjoyalist, he wrote in an 
 eipially honouralile and just way Iti ll'c new ijeneral Commission of the 
 Peace issiuMJ in li^l?^, the naiue ot Jolin Whitman was, from some 
 unexplainod cauno, omitted, tliouijh iie had Ion;,' served with ciedit as u 
 ma^^istrate. This omission was a matter of puhlic re^^ret, and a niimher 
 of intluential persons petitioned to have his name add(>ii to (he roll. In 
 placinj; his si;{nature to the memorial, .Mr. Wis.vail added tlie followin<^ 
 cprtiHoate : "John Whitman, Ksq., has been known to me evi' since he 
 was first placed in the geiuTal Commission of \\\i\ Peace. |[e is exemplary 
 in jtriviite life, and has ever conducted himself as an active, zealous and 
 useful maj^istiate." 
 
 On the establishmeiit of Hoards of Health in IS.'?:.', .Indite Wiswall 
 was appointed President of that for Digby, the other membors being 
 Charles l>udd, John I']. Morton, and Doctor liightfoot. This apjiointment, 
 if it had any duties attached to it involv ing labour, must have been very 
 gratifying to the good old judge, who wrote to Sir .lames Kempt in 1827 
 as follows : " From the peculiar structure of the law regulating my 
 appointment, it neees.sarily results that 1 must have long vacations 
 between my public services, and I cannot but wish that so much useless 
 time should be employed in any way that my advanced age and feeble 
 abilities are competent to, in other offices, together with that T now fill, 
 and which F am prohibited from holding. Kmoluments I do not seek, as 
 I have chosen my residence, and circumscribed my desires, so as to be at 
 ease on that head, but voiixcioim imilUihj is among the most unpleasant 
 sensations." 
 
 His writings were as voluminous as they were varied, indeed his pen 
 nevcM' seemed to retjuire rest. No subject of any importance from a 
 public point of view, escaped his notice. Education, law, agriculture, 
 manufactures, local and general politics, religion, each, at one time or 
 other of Ids long and active life, received elucidation and illustration 
 from his pen. It is therefore to be hoped that some loving hand, at no 
 
 * Pliincas Lovett, Jan., son of Colonel Lovott. Ciookishank was of St. John, N B. 
 t Late Post-master and I'rothoiiotary of the Supreme Court, at Dighy. 
 
40G IIISIOIIV OK ANNAI'OMH. 
 
 (liNUirit <lii.y, will 1)1' riMiiid lo wrilc itri iuii|ilifiir(l l)iiip(t'ii.|iliy 'if dih- wlm 
 \iiiH roiiLriliiil.i'd HI) l/ir({i'ly In l.lii' jiiililii! )^<>i>i|, lunl wlio liiiH lt:i'l> lic;liiiiil 
 liiiii mi iiM.ny vuliiiililn iriiilci iaiH fur iiiii^ii i\, vvorlt. 
 
 NoTK. .IiiiIk<- Wihwii,!!''! iiiily I'hilil wiih IIh' wifi- of rii/ii|rn limlii, Ml',!', fni' 
 tlin I.iiwiimIii)i III l)i)/liy, mill liml nn i Inliln'ii. | Kn. j 
 
 CKUKNO i;i'IIA,M .lONKH. 
 
 ihm; isih. 
 
 Mr. .Jiiiii'H WIIH I'li'i'l.i'il ill |H|(', 1,1, fill iliir vai'iiriiy cii-iil.i'd in llin 
 n)|ir<'M<'iil(i,l.i'i(i iif llii! riiiiiil.y liy l.lii' flcvalinii of I'rlc^ VVinwall lo lli" 
 liiMicli of I.Im-- •Sii|ii'Miii«i (Jdiirl., III! hitvimI fill Mil' Imlaiirit uf Lin-, trriii 
 iilily, l.liiil, i-i In Miiy, till JHlH, ill vvliirji yoii- hit wm.h uiirniirdi-ij liy Jnliii 
 WaiwirU, iif l)ij^l)y. 1 1, (Ini^H iiul; /i[i|)i%i,r wlii'lJnM' Iw miii^^lil. ri- liliirl-iiiii ui 
 mil.. Ill lH:;'J III' wiiM ii|i|iiiilili'i| (1. .IiihIii'I'. of IIh- I'mri-, ii,ii iillici! Ilini 
 <l<;i!iri(Ml (iiM' iif iiii|iii)'t.iiiii:i^ ami liniiiiur. In |H:M In- wan nm- uf I In; 
 AHHOcial.ii .) ml^^i'H uf ill" (/'mill, uf ('uiiiiiiuii I'Iimim fur (.In? (luiiiil.y. Hi'* 
 ri'ni(|iMi(:n wan al. HinHiliuu, iiuw VVcyiiiuiil.li, wlirri: li(! alwiiyn livnd, and 
 dii'd al, a,ii advii.mi'd a^,'l', iiliuiil, I In' iniddl" uf tin- iniii licy. I IIh fallii-r, 
 l'iliHlia</(iiM!H, waH uiiii uf fuurl.i!i!ii huiim uf ('ulunitl I'llinlm. .Jum'M, uf Wi'hIuii, 
 .MiLMM., Mix al. Iiiasl. uf wliuiii liiK^aiiin arl.ivi^ Ijuyaliiil.n in iIh' war uf I. In; 
 ri^lxtlliun, and al. il.H cIumi! wcic, ('xilnd l.u I. Ik- piuvinri'M Of I.Iic.mc, 
 IC|iliraiin and aniil.lii'i' Hi'l lli'd in II|ijii'r (.'ii.nada, wlii-ri' l.ln^y li-fl. a lii.i't;i', 
 poMU'ril.y, imiiidinx Hnviiral nuUid jiid^fH, M|ilirairii Imiti^^ fal.linr' uf l.lnr 
 ilunuiiralilit .lunaM .luni's uf Ilii- Hii|ir<'rn(r ( !uiirl.. KliHlia, ilimiali, Siiiii-un 
 ,'i.nd Sl.i'|)|ii!n Mi'l.lli'd in wlial. i» nuw Hi^^liy ''unnly, Nuva Hi^ul.ia, 
 lull. I'llihlia liuiin afti-r l.lir |ii'ii.i'it ri'l.iirni'd, willi nil l.lii' ini'iiiln-rH uf lii.K 
 liuuHiiliuliJ, i!X(:(;|il. ('(ii'Mnu II|iliani, wliu n-inaini'd a,nd li'.fl, a very imiimrunH 
 |)UMt.iiril.y. Ml! wan l.liii (^riwil. 1,'r/i.ndfal.lii'r uf llfrlfrl. Ladd .lum^H, lal.iOy 
 I.Iki l.ali;ril.)td miiwiiIii'I' fur l'ix''.V ''uuiily in llii^ ( .'ii.nailiii.n I'lirliaiin'iil.. 
 Ht,»'[)linn wji.n ^randfal.linr uf llunuinalili' A 'J. .Iuiii-h, uf l|ii,lif!i.x. .Iu;iiii.li 
 wuH l.lic. falliirr uf (/'liarlcM .Jum^Hand Ivlward A., Imlli iiruinim^nl. iiDU'rliantx 
 and |iulilii' mi'ti, and lliruiij^li I. lie huh I'ldward, j^'inridfaMicr uf |)r. .(uHiali 
 l'!d;^ar .(uni'M, uf |)ij.diy, in |H!l'i tin- ( !un'(i'rval,i vi' rii,iididn,li' fur parliaini-nl. 
 in l)i^l»y. Till' finnily has |irudiici!il I'lniiii'iil. mm in I. In- lliiil.dd Hl,al.oH, 
 and iM (l<)H(!<)ndod fruin lidwin tlunciH, wliu i'nii)<rai.c,d, il, in Hit|i|iuHi'd frum 
 Wa.l<'M, niiioiin l.lic vnry i^iirlii-Ml. Miil.l.NirH. 'I'lm diiHritril, uf I. In- j^iwil.li'iiian 
 iiaifM^d II.I. till! Iioad uf lliin hIu'Ii'Ii in, I t.liink, iim fuiluwH : Li-wIh,' •luMiali,'^ 
 .luMiali,' .JuHiali,' ('ul. I'ilJMlia' (lliir yunn^i'Hl,), ICIiHlia,'' ( Ii-ri'iiu, ui' Himi'iiu,' 
 for till) lal.l.irr in '•(rrlii.inly I. Ik- currfiit M[irlliriK uf tlii- < 'liriHlian n;uii<! 
 all.liuu(^li t.lir iilJii'i' liai.i lii'i:uini' I'umniun in llii^ family. 
 
 Tlid wril.«!r riMiii'iiili<M'M .hidj^n Juim-m an a wurl.liy and vi-in'raliln aged 
 
'I'liuMAM i!ir<'iii|.; riMoTiiv iii<)«ji,i;h. 407 
 
 ( <'liri^(l.iiiri, iitiil " ^I'fil liMMii.li III' I.Im'. old Mrlioiil," win* imiihI. Ikivo Idm-ii ii, 
 MiiiMt, fii.ilJiliil iiiid lidficnl r'i^|ir')-'ii-iit.M.l.i viv I In (ii'i'iipiiliiin wiih l.liat of 
 riii'KKW ii,ri<l i'uiimI.i'V iii>'r'i'|iii,iilr, vvil.li mcmthI Imiil |iiil)li(' ofliri'M, ii.rMi Im^ 
 wiiH II. iiwl'iil inii.ii ill l.liir riiiiiiiHHiil V in wliirli Ik' Iivi'iI, 
 
 NoTl':. rill' iiImiv'I' I't lilli'il ii|i Imiiii 11 hIii'Ii'Iiiii iiIii I'll fiiiinil iiiiinii^ Ml. (iiliiiik'n 
 MHH. jKi.. I 
 
 TIIOMAH IM'K'IIII'; 
 
 IHKI IHiiO. 
 
 'I'lii'i f^i'ril.lriiiiiii wiiH (I HDii lit' Aiiilii'w liil.rliii:, Hi'ii., (inil Uii-rcfnriMi. 
 i;<Mmin }j;iMMi(i.ii III' .lnlin IMl.i-liii-, M. I'. I',, ninl n, DihI. rnuHiti uiirit n^iiiovi'd 
 iif t.lifi ol.liiT anil iiiiiii- iJiHl.iii^jiiiMlii'iJ 'riiniiiii,", Kitrliii!, iiriifiHH I.Iki imllinr 
 iiml uiyMi-ll' iirir riiiHi.akcM in imr ^rni-nln^^iral runrliixinnM. Ili; mi.l. lull. 
 I.wii lutMHiiiiiH. 1 1(1 WIIH (l.ii UH«i ilii" wdfiJH III' II. vcniTiililir infill iiianl. uf 
 Uii' I'llit.iir iiKi.ny yi:nvH fij^u; ii. " very i:a|i(i.lili> iimn," iuhI t.niditidii mi,yn ii. 
 ii-M|iiTt,i'i| and tiHfl'id inat^mliiitiv I In ijii'd in |K.'',,'i, a^cd Hiivriily, 
 iininarni'd, lii(i,viri^ a (^imd I'Hial.n wliirli lir dividi'd liy will ainun^ Hiivcral 
 iii-{ilii!WH and ni(;(:)!H. | '''"'] 
 
 TIMOTHY IMKinM'X 
 
 1818 I8'2(l, IH.^d IH'J7. IS'J7-l8:iO, I8;M) Im.'JI. 
 
 Tim ini'inlii'i' <it' llu'. AHHi-inlily ul' wIidim wi^ ii.ii' ii.liniil, tii '(|ii'ii,l< wan tlie 
 <i|iI(!kI, hiiii III' Tiinnl.liy, wliu wan (lir i>ld<'4l. 'ion ul' <io(ii'.ial Tiinot.liy 
 IIiJKK'''"i "•'"' wild liiid lii'i'ii inii.ny yivii'M .4i'l.l.li'il in llclioiHir, wlinrii liiH 
 rliilili'i!ti wiTi! lidiii, willi lliii i'Xi'r[il,idii III' dm i-ldi'.'il, wliii wan liurn in 
 1777, I. lie yi'.ac al'l.iT l.liii in'iival nf (In- I'li.inily in Niiva Smlia, and 
 pi'dliidily al, llalil'ax ur |)i^;liy. Ili- wan i<'a.riil nii liin I'hI.Ihm'h farm in 
 ' Iran villi-, of wliirli, on (In- iirraHiuii of liiii i|i'ri'ii.,Hii In- liroii.iiin Hdio 
 liriipriildr. It. Wiin and iilill I'linliniii-M In In- ii. vi-ry valiialilit i'Ht,ii,l,c. In 
 ii.ildil.idn (.11 a.;^i'irnll.iii'al piiiftiiil.': \\i\ addi-d an rxl-rnni vi- and pi'iilil.ii.liln 
 iniw'raril.ilii c^laliiiHliniirnl. wliirli t'osulU'd in liin lnTdinin^ unr nf l.lii! 
 wiialt.hiMil. ini'ii in I. In- I'lmnty. 
 
 .Ml-. |{,ii(<>^Ii'h' piililii; lifn li('(^an in |H|H, |m liii,vin^ himij^IiI, and 
 (ilil.aiiii^d t,lii! itiiUVaf^i-n nf ii, niajiiril.y nf l.lii' cliMiLurH nf Uranvilii; in l.liiit. 
 yrar, On i\u>. dniniMi' of l.liir (,'rowti in IK'JO lie wii.m a(^ain mliirrH^d l.o f.lio 
 AHHcmlily, and (illi'd IlinMrat. iinlil t.lin ^^I'liffal i'|i'i;t,iiiii in IH'!7-, wln-n Im 
 wa.4 unci! iniiii- rlnmi'ii afl.iT a itliaip roidi-Ml. TIiIh rii'W lloirindid not. 
 livii lint, half itii d/iyM, having 'li'"l ■"•iinull.aniioiiMly willi K'ln^ ('irorni- IV. 
 ill IK.'W). In till- KiMHTal Micrlion wliiiili fnllowi-d In- wa.H af^ain a 
 <!aiididat*', and wiui oppu.'icd liy .laini'it hflap, I'Ikij., and ii.fl,nr a Vfiy 
 
408 IIISTOHY OK ANNAl'OMS. 
 
 oxdiUrij; and (ilost^ H(.ni;;;;I<% t'liiiiviot.t'ri/.iMl hy j^rciit ii(!riini»ny of f»uilit»K. 
 \w wuH rcturiKMl l»y a vory Hinall inajoiil.y. 'I'liis was the t'ouitli tiiin- ho 
 had \)fM\ hoiioiinMl \>y the (•htclors of (Jranvillt^ with their oonlidoMct). 
 1 1 is atilaKoiiisf. doiiiaiid(H| a mTiibiiiy of votos and an ox|)<Misiv<' and 
 <\\hauHt.iv(^ inv<!sit.ij(al.ion took place, wliicli ended liy leaving the rela'ivn 
 |)OMit>ion of t\u' paft.ie.s |)r(>ciHely as liefore, wil.li Mr. Ilii^;{les in possession 
 of I.Ik^ seat.. 
 
 'I'liese repeated and spirited jjolitieal tournaments wertMit.tended liy an 
 <'xhil>iti<in of <^real partisan warmth and personal animosity, whi(^li after 
 wards (MdminatfMJ in an aet. of inetMidiarism on tin* nij^lit of tlie Hth of 
 Oet.olMM-, \H'.W, by which the store of Mr. Ilu>{>^h's, with its varied and 
 valnalile, contents, was entirely (Mtnsumed. I'.y this untoward event, lie 
 was t.lie loser of two thousand pounds, a loss whieli did not matctrially 
 h^Hsen his wealth, liut whieh nciveitiniless eontrihuted, in no small degree, 
 to hisoom|»aratively eai'ly death in the following year. !>eing a man of 
 a warm and ati'eet.ionate. disposition, wiien il> settintid iMU'tain that t,h(! 
 dest.ruet'ion of his property had liei^n the delilxuate and mali(Moiis a(;t of 
 an enemy, tht^ knowli^dge. proved a source of grief and irritaliorr injiiriouH 
 to his health and dostj'uctive to liis peace of mind which it may he fairly 
 alleged hast«!ned his (ie<M^a.se. 
 
 Mr. Hiiggles married .lane, daughter' of Ivlward Thorne, a former- 
 meinlxu' of the, Asscdiilily, hy whom he had thr'ee sons and several 
 daughter's. Oru^ of his sons orrly survive.s t(i the pr-esfuit time, Timothy 
 Dwight Riiggles, <^ (!., of Bridgetown, who long hiOd a leading po. tion 
 in his |)i'ofession in lh(^ (•ounty, and still siwviv !s. His second -m, 
 I'iflward Thorne lluggles, dic^l in '>r.tari( , and the youiigiist son, .Ste_ hen 
 Thorne lluggles, diiMl a few year's ago in (Jvanville. Niutlrer of these 
 gentlemtm left descendiints. 
 
 As a r-ejirescntative, Mr-. I uggles was eai'eful to wirt.ch over* arrd gtrar-d 
 the local int(;r(!st>s of his (Minst.it.iKUits, and in all mattiM's of trade and 
 financi! he was esteturied as an aut.liority of no mean or'dcu', and his 
 opinions on su(^h matter-s ai-e t lid to hav(! had mueh weight in t Ire 
 Assembly, lie was eminently endowed with clieei'fulness of dispositioir, 
 as well as a genial tcmperarrrent, and the ludicrous and witty had 
 urrcommon charms foi' liim. (jonsruvative in his o|)inions, lie was not 
 easily div<!rted fr-om the course he was inclincMi to follow, and the voice 
 of |io|)iilar (clamour had rro ene(;t upon him. N(-ith(^r the blandishments 
 of llatt.ery rror the allur-ements of ease or otiiee could tur'n liiiii aside froirr 
 ♦ he ])urpos(! which a sense of duty hat] caused him to for'in. Il(! is still 
 nMnembered as an obliging friend, a kind and thoughtful neighbour-, a 
 g(^nial companion, a witty, yet often wise councillor, a placable onomy 
 arrd a lrospital)l(^ host. 
 
 His body rests Ixtside that of his father in the Kpiscupul burial yard 
 
^2^^>^ 
 
 \VII lAM IIKNKV IH>A<II. M.IM'. 
 
 (rr.iiii :i (liiiucircotypi' Inki'ii hImuHv licfori' lii>- ili'iilli ) 
 
WILMAM II. H()A< II. 10!) 
 
 ut Uf^lloislc, luul witliiti II stone's throw of tlin old Fmiiily dwcllinj^, wliioli 
 ut't(Mwar(ls hcciiinc the |)r(>|>t'rl,y of .loliii Wiidc, (lie wortliy (l('Hc((ti(laii< 
 of (-'aptiiiri John VVudc, who was ont^ of (he liisl [(nvloyalist scttliMs in 
 (jiaiivilh'. 
 
 VVIIdJA.M II. ROA(5ll. 
 
 ) 81 S 1820, 1821) l8-_'7, 1827 18;t0. i8;»o i8nr.. 
 
 //// l/lr /■.'llili,,: 
 
 VVilhajn llcni'v Hi»acli was a soti of .lohii Woai^li, and >,'randHon of 
 
 .lairif^s Roche or lloach, a native of Liinericli, Irehind. (Sec ;.;en<wiloj^ies.) 
 
 lie was horn in Annapolis, January iL'th, I7H|, and was (MJucatiHl in 
 
 McNainara's lli;,'li Sel I, until tlie death of the latttir in i7!>H, after 
 
 whieii there is a tradition that lie attended the scihool tauj^lit liy lehahod 
 Corhitt. I''ull of audtition, at the ai,'e of ninettMin he went t.() Jamaica, 
 where his (;ousin, h'redeiie lianiont, owned a plantation and was a 
 resident ina;;;istrat,e at hahnouth. On the voya;;t! the vessfil was hoarded 
 liy a hoat from II. 15. M. ship I,' llfir.iili; a Jinrnher of sick sailors from 
 t,he man-of-war put on hoar<i of her, and a c^trrespondin;^ nninl»er of her 
 crew, with youn^ Koach, heionly passen^cM', " impressed " and compelled 
 to scM've on hoard th(( num-of-war. lie was innnediately appointed 
 captain's clerk on hoard the Ij' llinnlf, tluj man who had lill«Ml that 
 oHice having l)e(Mi killtMl in l)att,le a day or two |)r<nioiisly. 'I'lm vessel 
 ha\ inj^ put into I'almouth, Jamaic^a, throu^^h the inlluen(M! of his cousin, 
 Mr. Lamont, he was released from further service in the navy, ami foinid 
 (Mnployiiumt as a l»ook-k(!ep(!r on the Trt^lawny estate, Monte;^o IJay. 
 Ilerc^ an event occurred that led to his promotion as overseer of tho 
 'I'relawny plantation. VVitimssiiif^ the, cruel and inhuman Ixiating of a 
 female slave, in a delifiate condition, hy a driver under the old overseer's 
 superint(^nden(!e, and seeinj^ the lat.ter, not satis(i('d, continuing' tlu; 
 whippinj^ himself, In- r-uslied upon tlu^ overset-r, seized t.h<^ lash, applied it 
 to him, and knocking him down held him till the jioor woman (M)uld Ixt 
 takiMi t/o the hosjjital wIku'C! she died fr'om tlu! eU'ect, of her injuries. TIk; 
 overseer ordenul him arr(!sted, hut^ he urj^ed the crowd of slaves that 
 accompanied him on his way to jail to connnit' no act of violetuM^ and 
 [\\vy comj)lied with his advice. The next day Mr. Scarhitt, the Attorney, 
 and Mr. Irving, tln^ propiietor of tho (i.stato, airivod, and after an 
 investif^ation comuKtnded youn;^ Hoaoh for his conduct, dismissed the old 
 overseer, aiul a])point(!d Hoaoh in his place. In this caj)acity he aholished 
 whif)ping on the estate and substituted milder punishment. He was the; 
 first to Hubstitute tho plough for tin; hoe, and carts for tho usual nu^thod 
 <)f (!arrying away the waste fiom v.tuw grinding on the head l)y th»^ slaves. 
 Hu-hocamo very popular among the [)lant(M'H, and was soon commiHsionod 
 
HO niHTOllV *>\- ANNAI'OMS, 
 
 <wi|>t,aiti 1111(1 iiitijoi' lit' iiiilil'iii. Id^l.tiriiin^ trnin .lariiiiii'n, Im imtrrii'il, 
 .Miiicili I7t.li, IH| I, Mary Ann, (liiid fliiuj^lilcr of Miijor Unlint, 'riiii|iiiiiy, 
 a liul.fil Ijoyalisr of |)i;rliy. \\v. alioilt. I lial, liiiH; v/fUi U> tlxi Sl.alti ot* 
 New York anil i'MtaliliHlic<| liiiiiHcIt' on tJitr lliiil.son in i\u'. Witnt. Iiiiliu 
 liiisiiii'NM ; lull, wlicti (.lif^ war of I H I'J brokii out, cvtu'y alien waH ohli^^rd 
 lo lrii,k<i I,|m! oalli of allr;{iail<:e l.o tJie |{.<-|iill>lic, or' li'av<: Uir coiiril I'y 
 williiii a lirnili'<l riiiiiil)cr' of days. He ijid not li(-Milal.r lie), ween loyally 
 anil self iiil.rr'fHl,, and coming liack lo iJie I'r'oviix'e lie alianiloried all liis 
 ellectH in (lie Uniled SIjiIch lo I. lie enemy ; linl. lie (illed out, a lieavily 
 armed eiiMei' of nixly men, and noii^IiI. lepr-iHalH in Americ^ari waiters willi 
 Home Hiicei'HH. Very soon, however', lie Hell, led down in l)i;^liy as a 
 nierelianr, and lie;(an lo l.iike a lively inlerest in |iiilili<' all'airs. 
 
 On Mr. Wai'wii'k i'li/iii).;iii'^ his eandidal.iiie f|-om I, lie t,owruilii|i of 
 hi^lty III Uie eouiil y, Mr. {{oii.eli was lir'iiii;{lil/ forward as a <;ariiliilat.e in 
 liis plaee. I le was o|t|iosed liy 'I'liomas II. Kiii^i^les,* ;.Maridson of (lenei'al 
 'riinolliy, iJiroii^li liis yonnj^esl. son Kieluird, and afi.er a keen eonl.esl, wan 
 dei'lar'i'd eleeted liy a majority of one, and his rehirii jietirioned a;.^airiMl.. 
 The AHKeirilily, whieli mil- on l.lie I | l.h |i'eliriiary. |Hl!», after the usual 
 inijiiir'y ih (blared tjie seal, vaearit., and ordered a new elei^liori. Me and 
 his (lid ii|i|ioiiiMit. were u^ain (!andi(lii.t.es, and afl.ei' anol.her Hliarp liiil. 
 decisivi! Ital.l.le, Mr. Koaeli was rel.iirned liy l.weiit.y one of a inajorit.y, 
 and held t.lii^ seat, until t.lii! diHHoliition of t.he Assemlily liy the demise, 
 of the (Jidwii in iHliO. The (|iiesl.i(in of a division of the eoiinly was a 
 lively one at. this early |ierioii. On Dei-emlier TiLh in this year, Messr-s. 
 I'. VViswall, Ifoheit. Tiiri|iany, <1. K. Nieliols, .lose|ili l''il./raiidol|)li, 
 Thomas White, David lliitherfnrd and •lolin I''. Ilii;{lie.s, in a, joint letter 
 to Mr-. Koacli, say, " W(^ fear that the industry, talent and irit(Mest. of 
 Mr Ititehie will lie eiii|iloyed to sii|i|iiirt the (Yemenis petitiorK't's, and to 
 put the Annapolis distri(;t as far westward as pos.silile, and in ho doinj^ 
 he may entertain a perHUasion that li<^ is eonsultin;^ the interest of the 
 main part of his eonstitiients, espeeially those amori;^ whom he r'csides." 
 'I'he (il)j('(;t of this cominunieatioii was to ;^uiu'd ,M r. I{,(iiieli against the 
 irilluen(:(!S that would lie (^xirrti-d to s(!(;iir(^ a line of division that would 
 l»e disadvantu^eous to hij^liy. The townspeople of .Oi^^hy always (ienire(| 
 that the eastern lioiindary of their eoiinty should lie phu-ed as far' (wist as 
 p(issilil(% so that they would have li(^t.ter elaims for niakin;; "'K''.y ''"' 
 shii'e town rather than Weymouth, which was desiii'd l»y the peojile o^ 
 that vieinity, and hy tl ■ inliahitants of (/'hire. 
 
 In IH27 he was elected for tin; (bounty of yXnriajiuliH as a (rollea^jue of 
 Thoinas (!. Ilaliliui'ton, :uid ajjain in I H.'iO as a colleaj^'ue of Mr. Kitchie ; 
 hut in IH.'Ui, when a stronf; comliination lietween the east and west wiih 
 
 ' {''iillicr (il Kciijiiiriiii Hi'iiry l{.ii^Klim iiiiij llic liit.i^ Fruilurio VVilliaiim IliifjjgicH, 
 (if \VrHtp(,rt. jKii. 1 __._.L___2::„ 
 
WIM.IAM II. ItUACil. 411 
 
 foriiKMl I'lir' till- |iui'|iiiH<- III' I'lltM-t.iii^' II iliviHJiiri nl' iJii- I'lninly in M|iil,i' of iJic 
 liiknwut'iiiiiHHs of tJic |m;<i|iIi' in llir ci'iilijil ilisl.riclH, uml tlic .'i|i|iri'lii'nMiiiiiM 
 iiimI iilnl)iljiinH of riviil l.owns wliicli Icnilcil In ii'liuil llii^ Minvriiii'nl., lit- 
 wiiH <lflVii,li'i|. ,M r'. KoiK'li was ainun^ iJiii iililrsl, and inunl, |iul.r'i<il.ii: nirn 
 in I'll)' lluiisc, anil onr nl' llic iniml. inri'n\sl.iti;4 cliararl.tirM of IiIh day in 
 III)! |Miiilii' iifii of Nova Si-iil,ia. His o|i|ioHil'ion lo iJir m'Iiciihi of I.Ih' 
 Sliiilii'iiiii'iMJii' r.'iiia.l, in wliirji In- hIoikI aliiioHt, if nol. ijiiili' aloni-, \h 
 Hiifliricnl. I.o |ii'(iv<! Iiis |ii'ai'l.i(-al wiMdoin and Ha;{ai'ily. Hi- |ioiiil.i'd out. ilH 
 iilliT fiililil.y in Hiratliin^ ti^iins, llml iia\r provi'd |iro|ili)'ric. In IKJH 
 and IH'JI) we liiid liiiii acl.ivcj y ad\oi'at in;; (lie cicrlion of I. lie piciM or 
 lirrak wntiTH at. i'ort (ifuvf^i: a.n<l ,Mii,i'(^aic(,svillr. In |H,'i:! hr |iro|iosi'd 
 a r\ui,u<^i- in tlii^ modi- of hcIitIjii;.; I'onunit rrci of iJnr IIoiihi' ; sii|i|joi'l,<'d a 
 liil! I.o (■Hl.aliliisii a lianK, and o|i|ioHi'd an iiicri-iiHcd ){ranl. lo <<raniniur 
 SrliooJM, on III)' ;^i'oiind llial llin ('oiiinion ScIiooIh riiM>d<td all I lie ex Ira 
 Hii|i|ioi't llir roiinlry was alilr lo Mii|i|ily. 'I'll'' IIoiimc vol.rd il.Hnlf t'Nlra 
 pay Uial. HCHsion, Mr. Itoai'li and IIm' oIIdt nn'inlii'i' foi' Annapolis vol.in^^ 
 a^^ainst. it. Ili^ caiiii'd llii'oii^^li llir IIoiihi- an Arl for llic al .iil.ion nf 
 jinpriMorinM-iil. for diOil., a.nil an /\<'l. for tin- insprrl.ion of Hour :>ii I inci . 
 hLiiUs, I. lien a niiirli ri'ijiiirtMl pircr of li-^^islalion. Ilrwas a liffor'iiirf, 
 and a.sHail(;<l rxistin;,' almscs willi a holdnrss, I'loipirnci: and wit, sraici-ly 
 infttrioi' to I.Iiohk of flic, iiiori^ diHl.in^iiiHlicd Iriliunc of tin: pttoplt^ who 
 Hil(;c<!<'.d<'d liiin, lion, .lo.si'pli Howe. TradiLioti in I In- wcsl.i'i'ii surtion of 
 IiIh (;oiiHl.it.iH-nry, now tin- (Joiinl.yof l)i;^lty, Ion;; a.sHi;,'ni'd lo liini I In- palm 
 of po|)ularil.y oviw all l.lii^ piihlir incn who cvi'r r<-pi'csi'nl,t!d I.Ik'Iii. His 
 ri^inoval lo Halifax may havi; i;oiil.riliiilrd soinnwhal, I.o his dofiNit. in I H.'dt. 
 Ill' n^Hidi'd in llii^ i^ipiUil, lillin;; for many yrars Ihi^ ollii;i! of in.Mpi-i'l.or of 
 fi'lonr, whii'li was prcsHcd on him l)y ihi- (Jovi'rnor, Sir I'l'rc^'rini^ Ma.il.la.nd. 
 In If^riOhi! I'lrt.urnrd lo i>i;;liy lo spi'iid l.lir riimaindiM' i> his days, and 
 witJioul/ t/ho fi'ttHhni'HH of his yoiilh, hiil willi all IiIh old linn llri^ and vi;;oiir 
 lit! iiixhirtook an rli-rlion i^ampai;;!! in I KM, a.nd a.ll.li<iii;.li a iii^w ^^rnrra 
 t.ioM of iilrrl.orH had (^row ti U|t and vrry many of his old frirnds had passi'd 
 away, his naiiiii was si. ill a l.owi'r of slri'n;;lh. lli- was aiMu-pl.t'd as Ihi^ 
 (!oMH<!rval,iv('! candidali!, and itaiiMi ncarrr I.o siirii^cMidin;; than any ot.hur 
 who Ii.mI oilrrcd in that. iiiLciMst, for si^vrral I'liM-tioiiH, ln-inj^ ""'.V '''K'''.y 
 Ixthind Mr. Itoiirni'iif, l.lii! {''rrnrhman, who lirin;; siipporli'd Ity thi' 
 unanimoiiH vot.r of I. hi- Acadiaiis of (Ijarr, iisitally r.irrii-d his I'li'itt.ioiiH 
 <tV(ir t.hf I'ln^lish, who wurn dividi'd on [mrty lini^s, hy Miajoritics of 
 liiindnMls. In his spfutch on thai, ornasion lir rhai'^cil l.lii' "liihcral" 
 OovrrnmrnI, li'd liy Mr'. Mown anil William Yoiin;;, with lirin;,' riTicaiitr 
 l;0 i,\\(' |irinriplrH liy ihr. asHi'ilion of whirli they had Hi'ciii'cd piililir favour, 
 and K"''*'.y "* '''•■ HaiiKi aliiisi-s as t hos»! I,lmy had formnrly d(wioui'"t)d wh«!ii 
 i(» opposition I.o the, old " Toi'y " I'uh-rs of a fnrmi'i' day, siipporl.in;? his 
 ciuirf^dH in a spirrch of ;;r('al. pownr and lo;.;ic, and a.s it. Kci'inrd to Ihi' 
 
412 lirs'lOllV «>|' ANNAI'OI.IH. 
 
 wriltM, of i^i'iiiiini- Irish •■Iikiiiciico. Mr. JuirirH It. IIoIiIhwoi'IIi, ii Ijihrnil, 
 was iilsi) II. (Nuiili<liit.(> atr tliiN olocliinn fur tlir last liiixt. 
 
 Mr. n.iiacli was I'liiluwrd wjl.li a. soiniil ]iliyHi('ii.l (wtnst.iliit.ion and (inn 
 prrsdtiiil a|i|icaraiii'i-, as wril as ;;i'i>at. inli'lli'i-t na.l |ii)wi>r ami force ami 
 <'lo<|ucrici' of expression, lie died at l>if{l»y, Heioliei- (lih, |M(;|, jn Ida 
 Hcvfinty seventli ytwf, " lie was loyal lo Imh (.^ueeii , lovin;{ l.o hJH kind ; 
 lenient to his childr'eri. fii I'lirndim) <,'/(irin," 
 
 Ndl'i;. 'I'lii' ;tliii\ r iiii|ii'i li'i:! mI^i'IcIi is ('iiiii|iileil riiiiii niiiih' niite.M iif .Vli. (,'iiliirk, 
 ami liiiiii infill mill iiiii hii|i|iIIi'.I imi' tiv my nlil liirinl, Itrv, liulii'i I 'l'im|iiiny llmlm, 
 I). I)., now lit' Kiiliitilouii, New ■liii'Hi-y, mill mniio I iitilil.liiim anil itKtmniii'H nl my 
 own. I Kii. I 
 
 SAM I ; I'll- CAMri'.KI.L. 
 
 IH'_'n |H-_'7. 
 
 This ineinlier was ii son of Oolin ('ain|iliell, who was liorn in one of t.lin 
 old colonieH in IT-'il, and who look an a('ti\e pail, in I. he revolutionary 
 eont.(!sl. on liehalf of the (!|own, in (M)nsei|uen(!e of which Im^ liecaine. an 
 exile in 17^2 ■'^.'J and sellleil in St. Andrews, N.I'.., where he was soon 
 aflerwanlN made ('ollector of (!iist.oms. lie did not,, however, loiif^ 
 remain in that province, haviii;^' lieen appointed to fill a similar position 
 in the tJien populous and l1oiii'iHhin<{ town of Shellairm! in this provinen, 
 in whi(;h he lived for the lonj^ period of forty years, during; all which tiino 
 he (■ontiniied to hold the i;ollect.orship of that port.. Me was chosen Ut 
 repieseni l.he (Joiint.y of Sliellairne in the AsHemlily !ind served one t.eirii 
 of seven years. In the lal.t.er part, of his life he riMiioved from Slielhurno 
 to Nev\- Ivlinhur^h,* then in Annapolis, now in l>i;<hy County, where lm 
 eiiiled his diiyi; in I H;i I at, the very advanced a;^e of ci^^hty t.hriM- yi'ars. 
 
 It, is pi-(>lial)le t.hat. his son, the suliji^cl, of this sketch, was horn at/ 
 Shelhurne and educated there. In IK'Jl, whiii! Mr. ()ainpi)ell was a 
 memher of the Assemhly, he forwarded the sum of i^l.'t.nO, a contri- 
 liution made hy some of the inhahilants of New l<'idinliur;.{li and vicinity, 
 toward the fund thi^n hein^ raised for t.h(^ erei'tioii of a st.atiie in honour 
 of IF.Il.ll. till) |)uke of Kent. In the letter aceompanyini^ this remittancn 
 he vrvy ntiirr./i/ uses the followinj^ lanf^uaj^e, wlii(;h, if tluiii known, would, 
 from the justice and t.rut.h they mark(Ml, have proved v(!i'y annoying to 
 tlu! individuals referred to: "'I'here aii^" sa> s he "in this vicirnty 
 several persons who hav(i iar Ihirty ytfars heen i. ceivini^ half |>ay from tlio 
 kin^, wlio in this instance have (htclined to show their attachment 
 though in ample (nrcuiimtances." In IK'J.( it. was in contemplation to 
 oroct a now township iti tlie (!ounty of l)i;.;l)y, which was to includo 
 tlie peninsula known as " Dij^hy Neck." The inhaWitants of this district 
 
 * At th« m^ltll HJile of .SJNHilioo Rivitr, at IIh iiioiitli. — | Kl),] 
 
SAMi i:i, cA.vii'iii.i.i,. U;i 
 
 IiimI |icI it iiiiHMl llif ( iiiMTiiiiiciil li> liiiM' tlir "Ni'irk ' iiiiulr a Hi'|iai'ul.u 
 
 l.l)WtlHlli|l. 
 
 'riiis |n'(itii)ii wiiM irt'criTfl l)y I lie aiil Inii-il.ji'N In OIiiuI^m MniriM, I'',m(|., 
 IIm' Siirvi'vnr ( Jriii'iiil, wliu i'i'|Mirli'i| us t"ulluwH : 
 
 "I liiiM' I'MiiiiJiM'il llii' ;^i'iii'iiil |iliiii (it I III liivvii>'lii|i oT I >i)^liy ui'i'iii'iliii^ III llii* 
 
 ^I'liril III I III' Hlljll lllW IIhI|I|I, Mini HIllllMit llll' |l ll |l lU I IIL' • Ir «'l 1 1 ■! 11 ill fill I III' |IM l|ll i li I 
 
 llMllt>4iil tliMl |iilll III liilil |ii\\ M'<lil|i In III' Hi'l ii|iiiil M'< II ill'il lli'l mill Mi'|i;iiiili' liiw II 
 HJilp III III' lii'irillti'l' riilli'il llll' Iii\mimIi1|i iif \\ r\ linilll li, In Wll ; 'I'li lir linilinli'il 
 CHHlri'ly l>.y llll' i'iihIi'I liliiiwl line nl W illiiiiii SiiiiiiiIi'|-m, iiriii' IIiiimcii will!, ho r:illi'(l, 
 I'liMiiiiiK iiiiimH llll- |ii'iiiiiMiilii iif Mij^liy liy Miiiil line \. 10 W. In tlii' Itiiy "I l''miily ; 
 IhhiiiiIi'iI nil till' iini'tli liy tin- Hity nl l'"iiiii|y, nii I lir miiuIIi liy I Iif lluy of SI. MinyV, 
 lllHi (III llll' WI'hI liy till' I'l'tll I'liMHii^ii, mill iiIhii In iiii'lliilr t lir JhIiiiiiIh iiillnl Lnii^ 
 anil Iti'iiir islnniU ly iii){ In I hi' nm'mI uiinl nl' miiIiI IImiIIh iiriniilin^ In t In- miiiii'\i'iI |ilaii. 
 'I'llr lllinvi' In Inrill |illi't nl llll' Ili'M t n\S IImIi j |l. " 
 
 Tin- rTiuli'i' will |i('rcci\ (• liy IIk-. t'ui'i';,'(iiii;,' ilrsi'i'i|il iuii l.lial. iJii' " Ncrk" 
 was III III' Hrvcr.'d tViiin I Ji^^liy atid aimcxrd In Wiiyiiioiil.li, a iiiraHiirif 
 wliii'li s^.'-i liy no iiii'iiMs jilrasiii^' lo iIm- irilialiitaiits. 'I'lii' iiiallrr was 
 now ri't'ci'i'i'd to Mr. ('!iiii|ili<'ll, wlio was luif ot' llii' i'i'|iirsi'iilal ivcs of llii' 
 <!(»unty. Ill .liiiif, IH'J.'l, lir iTjiorliid liis conriirrriH'i! in I. lie srlu'ini' 
 |iro|ioMi'd. lie had lii^rii i'ci|M<-hIciI liy tlio liii'iili<iiaiil (iovcriior, llii'oii^li 
 l.lii^ lloiioiii'alilt^ William Hill, llicii Sfri'i'tary of tlii' I'lov iiu't', To asciTliiiri 
 if llii^ lioiiiidai'ics nainril liy .Mf. Morris wonid lir acrdpl.alilr In tin- 
 |mo|il(? whose int.i'i'fsts woidd Ix' all'rrl.cd, and <'s|ii'('ia.lly of (hosi- of tiii' 
 peninsula. In his i'i'|ioi I. in reply, whi(!li is a len;{l,hy one, he lirlis Mr. 
 Hill as follows : 
 
 "I liiivi' In nImi'i'M' I lull llii' iMliiiliitiinlH nl tlie vv .sli'in |iiiit nl I'i^liy iili' 
 lierfi'i'lly Hiitislii'il with t hr |ii'ii|iiini'iI arniii^i'iiii'iil . I Imil iil.sn iinl itii'il < hi' jnhnlii 
 tiiiilH i)( {\\f Nt'itk III till' Hiiiiii', mill yi'sti'iiliiy i'IiihwiI nvri tn Siinily (Invr, wliii'h is 
 iilMiiit; till) citiitri! nl' till' itiliHliitiinlH, til knnw tJii'ir iliH|iiiHiliiiiiH nn tin' miiIij< .t., mnl 
 foiiml twelve ^ir lifleell nf the uliief fiil'lliei'H, snriie iif whii:li win' finiii the enNleili 
 extjeinit.y, Hnine fimn 'rioiit ('ove iinil otiier iimls nl the ' Neik.' iininii).; wliniii uiim 
 ■ Inliii .MniehniiHe, •{. I'., mi nlil mnl i'i's|ii'i'leil iiihithitiiiil iii'iii'Smiily ( 'nve, iiiiil VVillimii 
 tldhnHnti * Ifnin iieiir thi; weNteni evt remit y. 
 
 " It. ii|i|ieiii'ei| tllilt IIiIh liitt.er ^eiit leliiiiii had taken ii very ilerjileil piirt. ii^aiiiHl the 
 |irn|HiHei| mrmi^enieiit , mill nil hiiii).'li Mr. MnrehniiHi' Hiiiil he hiiil liikiii a riile u|illie 
 ' Neck ' II illiy or t Wn lielnie mill fnllllil liemly llll the penple iim'eeillile In the liinili; 
 priipiiHeil liy HIh Kxeelleiiey, yel .Mr. ■InhiiHiiii wlin IiimI Hiiiee lieen riding iiliniit,, 
 mill hiul drawn up ii writing, liml Tiirty or lifty iigiiiiiHl' it, miintiu wliieli weie the 
 willow woiiK^n, mill iiimiy nf the HigiiatiireH were in the Kiiliie handwriting, mnl iiIhii 
 l,he iimiieH of perHiiiiH whn hud t he day lieinre held up their hands tn flii^ conlrary. 
 Mr. .VlnrehniiHe, on tiie other hand, iiMsiireil me if he hiul set out the way .Mr. 
 ildhnNlnn liiid he riiuld have olitiiined the Higntitnnm nf more than two thlnls nf the 
 InhaliitiintH in favour nf joining tli(! new tiiwiiHliip." ^ ^ ...^ ■-^■.- 
 
 * AnieHtor of the .lohiiHons of Dighy Neck, of whom I have an trmly reiMilleition 
 nH a very worthy and inlliiential old geiitlt^nimi, on ternis of warm friunilHliip with 
 llin liitd Judge KIkunah Morton, ri*'')-! 
 
414 HISTOUY OK ANXAI'orJS. 
 
 'I'lu' (lisscntionts, however, midef (lie leiiilei'Hlii|i of .IoIiiihou cdrried tli« 
 «liiy, iiiul were not iiieliided in Weyimtiitli, alt liini;,di lliey t';iiled to >;et 
 Hel otV as ati independent townsliip. It is ii Homowhiit lUiriouH fuct tluit, 
 aceorditii; to Mr. ('ainpheH's statement, eisewhei'e made in t.liis sainn 
 report, I,om>,' and IJriai' islands had np to the time of his writiii;^ ikhc^p 
 Iteen inehided in any to'.v'nsliip lie conelude.s his oonnntniication liy 
 Htatinp one ohjeotion : 
 
 " 'riic ilcM(fi|iti()ri of W't'Viniiiilli us r(!H|)i'i'ls I hi' Cliiif lioimclurv iuhI Now 
 Kiliiiljiii'^h liiii' is 111)1 HO rlciirly cvpri'SHcil as to lie satisfarlory to llii' liihaliitimtH of 
 Clare tnid Ni'W Kciint)iir;;li, for- it' it is tlii: (lispositio!) in dctiiiiiig IIk; new townsliip to 
 oroHH tlio Sissilxxiunil take in the town plot of New Kdinlmrgli it is altogether against 
 wishes of hoth (JIare and New KiliiiltiirKli tht^ latter of wiiieii has always Ween 
 iiieliiileil ill Clare since tiie liist settlement. 'I'he following is the desciiption of tho 
 line ac^knowleilged an<l known, and called the wiwlern hoiindarv of Dighy, viz. : In 
 the desi'iipt ion after the word Dighy, ' 'I'lieniMi westwanlly until it nuH;ts the ('liirn 
 line ; tlii^iiee northerly along the said line until it strikes foiii' rods to the southwest 
 of Colonel Taylor's harn ; then northurly down tlii^ Sissilioo Kiver, until it strikes the 
 largo liar of rocks at the inoiith of tho said river; thence easterly, etc.' 'I'liis is 
 iigieoalilu to tho lino that has ulways lioon known and reinainod from time to time." 
 
 Mr. Canipliell was tho coiieaguo of Tlioma.s Ritchie in tho candidature 
 for tlio s(Nits for tlio county in tiie gonoral oloction which took phico in 
 1S20, in conseipience of tho <leatii of (l(!or;((! III., and svas duly rtd.urncd 
 as one of the repres«Mitatives. lie proved to he an active and useful 
 menihor, and held his .st^at initil \H'27, wIkmi a new elc^ction took 
 place, at whicli, I ixdieve, he decline! I to become a candidate. Ilo 
 was placed in the OommisHion of the Peace in middle life, and \u>vi' tlie 
 name of Ixdii}^ an impartial atid intellifjent maf^istrate. lie was for 
 several year.s oru^ of the local Board of Land Connnissioners, and also 
 Suh-collector of Customs at New Edinburgh for a lonj? period of time 
 and until his death. 
 
 NoTK. — He was lialf-hrother of the late Hon. John ('am|>liell, of Liverpool, and of 
 the late Colin Cain)ilH'll, sen., of Weyinoiith. liegistrar of Deeds, and half-unclo of 
 tho late Hon. Colin Campbell, of VVoyniouth. He married, first, a daughter of 
 Saniuol Marshall, M.I'. I*, for Yarmouth; and seconil, a daughter of Serono U. 
 Jones, M.IM'., of Wftymouth. A daughter by first wife married Henry Dwight 
 KuggloH, M.I)., of Weymouth, and has many doseondants. He was a good specimen 
 of tho "old school'' of colonial gentlemen. — [I'^n.] 
 
JOHN' KOMKHTSUN. 4 I T) 
 
 JOHN HoliKirrsoN. 
 
 IM'20 IS-J7. 
 
 TliiH ^*>ntlt>iniiii wiis a son of (lie liilc Colimcl Williiuu llolmrlsori who 
 ropH'smtofl tlic towiiNliip of Armupiilis IVoin IHOS to IMII, iind wIioh*? 
 iMt'iuoir liasiilrcady Im'cii '/wru to (,lic rcarlcr. lit- mairit'd a (lani,'li(cr nf 
 H'i'i'dcrick I)av(»n<% inrritiiuicd clscwlici't!.* 
 
 \t\ liiH youth Mr. Huhritsoii inaiiifestcd ho ^rcat, a love for tht' sna that 
 ho ran away from Ids hoinc; in ordcir to gratify his (h-sin^ for a lifo upon 
 itH waters. Kii(if»wtMi with an indonntahli' will, a daring spirit and 
 strong physical organization, he was a(hniral)ly suited to (•oini)al th(^ 
 dangors and hardships incident to a sea going life. He s(M)n heeaine a 
 good sailor, and rose rapidly to tlu^ position of second niatt^ in a large 
 Indiarnan, the name of which I have heen unahlc! to recover. An 
 anecdote connected with his service! on hoaid tiiis sliip is wortiiy of 
 record. On one of his voyages to or from a |)orl in the Kast Indies the 
 sliip was attack(ul hy a piratical armed vessel, and would have sutt'ered 
 cajiture if it had not hetiii for his (Miolness and courage on l\\('. occasion. 
 When the enemy was discovered she was a considerahle distanct! t,o wind 
 ward, but was rapidly hearing down upon th(^ sliip, and scton after sent a 
 shot across her bow as a command to Imave to. The captain hastily 
 called a council of his olli(;ers, informed them that there wert! no arms 
 on board and urgi-d upon them the propriety of the peaceful surrend«!r 
 of the ship and her cargo as the best means of saving their liv<!s, a 
 course wliioli would havt- undoul)t(Mlly been adopted if IlolxTtson had 
 not opposed it. lie said it would, in his judgment, Ix! bettcM" to sell 
 their lives, if necessary, in the defence of tins vess<'l and cargo, than to 
 submit tamely to a capture which could lead only to their being 
 murdered in cold blood ; that the crew would make a good defence 
 with such weapons as wt'.w at hand, and us(! evesry means in their powcu" 
 to beat off the assailants, and tiiat such a united and determined eilbrt 
 would have, at least, a chance of success. Having then olVered to takts 
 charge of the ship and conduct the defence, by [)C!rmission of the captain, 
 he was placed in the temporary connnand. lie then addressed the crew 
 in a spirited speerli telling them the dangei' they all wei'e in, and how h«; 
 proposed to meet it. The men hailed his plans and his pluck with shouts 
 of approval, and placing themselves under liis command, under his 
 direction began to arm themselves with hands{)ikes, niarlinspikes and 
 other bludgeons for the conflict in which they were to contend for 
 liberty and life. 
 
 Nearer and nearer approached the piratical cruiser until she was 
 
 * S«)e page 248. 
 
410 HISTORY OF ANN*POLIS. 
 
 within easy range of the merchantman. Robertson now ordered tlie 
 latter to be hove to, as if it wer^i the intention to sui-render at discretion, 
 bidding the crew to conceal themselves behind the bulwarks until he gave 
 the order to act. In the meantime boat? were lowered by the enemy, 
 filled with armed men and .sent to take possession of what they looked 
 upon as a certain prize. The first of the boats ai -"oached the ship on 
 the larboard side, and when her crew were in the act, of boarding, they 
 were met by an unexpected attack by the crew of the si.ip, so sudden and 
 impetuous, so vigoi-ous and furious that but few of the assailants escaped 
 destruction, many of them being hurled back into the sea and drowned 
 and many more killed outright. The other boat, which approached 
 the opposite side of the ship a few minutes later, suffered a similar fate, 
 her crew having met an ecjually vigorous and disastrous repulse. The 
 evening was now about closing in, and the enemy fearing from what had 
 taken place that his own capture might follow if he should continue his 
 operations, allowed the vessel to continue her voyage without further 
 molestation. 
 
 For the coolness and bravery exhibited by Mr. Roliertson in thus 
 saving the ship and her cargo, which was a valuable oin; — both being 
 insured with Lloyds — he was presented by the undeiv^ iters yitV< a b'^ivis 
 of ^500 sterling, as a recognition of the valuable service rendered by him 
 on that occasion. He soon aftei wards -abandoned the sea and devoted 
 himself to mercantile business in his native town. 
 
 On the demise of the Crown in 1820 the Assembly was dissolved and 
 writs were issued for a general election. Mr. Robertson was brought out 
 as a candidate to oppose Phineas Lovett, jun.,* a gentleman of much 
 influence ai_d of good family, who had previously announced himself as a 
 candidate for the township seat. Mr. Lovett, who, lieside being a 
 prominent merchant, had many other advantages in his favour, it was 
 generally believed, would be successful ; which he probably would have 
 been but for the extraordinary tact with which Mr. Robertson conducted 
 the campaign. 
 
 Shortly after this election, owing to unforeseen and unexpected losses, 
 he failed in business, and was arrested by one or more of his creditors 
 and thrown into prison. On the meeting of the Assembly it asserted its 
 privilege by demanding his relenw, that he might atterr? to his legislative 
 duties during the session. No si,iiilar case had ever before occurred in 
 the history of the county, and I do not think one has since happened. 
 
 Mr. Robertson died early in August ^ S72, aged 88. His self-reliant 
 and straightforward conduct in lifegaiu-.-d for liim the ipspect and regard 
 of the community in which he resided. He left many descendants. 
 
 •This Phineas Lovett was a son of Colonel Lovett, and grandson of Captain 
 Phineas Lovett. He never obtained a seat in the Assembly. 
 
AliHAIIAM (iKSN'KH. 417 
 
 ABRAHAM (}ESNE1{. 
 
 lS'24-lS-2:. 
 
 The silhject of this memoir was l)orn in Now Jpisev, in 175'). H»> 
 was a twin biother of the late Henry (iesner, of Cornwallis, who was the 
 father of Abraham (Jesner, M.D., the well-known geologist and wiiter. 
 The family are of Swiss origin, and emigrated fiom tlie Fatherland early 
 in the eighteenth century to America, where they soon became the owners 
 of valuable real estate in New Jersey, wliich was afterward confiscate<l 
 on account of their adhesion to the lloyal cause in the revolutionary 
 contest. 
 
 In a memorial to Sir James Kempt, in 1H2H, asking for half-pa}', Mr. 
 Gesner informerl His Excellency that he had entered the military service 
 of his country at the age of sixteen years, in the King's Orange Rangers^ 
 then commanded by Samuel V. Bayard ; that he was with Sir H'^nry 
 Clinton in his northern expedition, and present at the storming and 
 taking of Fort Montgomery, and was in another engagement of less note; 
 that he had bought his commission from a Captain Bethel ; that he had 
 sought refuge with the British army in 1776, and came to this place in 
 1779; and that he had served in the militia of this colony for the long 
 period of forty years — that is to sa\', from 1788. 
 
 To>vard the close of the past century, he became the proprietor of tlie 
 Noble property, in Granville, then known as the Alexander Howe farm, 
 which included lots Nos, 95, 96, and 97, in that township, including 
 an area of 1,500 acres of marsh, pasture and woodland. This estate ho 
 took much pride in improving and beautifying. To him the people of 
 the county are greatly indebted for the present flourishing condition of 
 its fruit orchards. So fully was he persuaded of the value of this branch 
 of industry that he imported, from time to time, scions of the most 
 approved varieties of apples from Great Britain and the United States, 
 at his own expense, for gratuitous distribution, with a view to create and 
 encourage a love for pomological pursuits. He paid unusual attention to 
 fruit culture on his own farm, ai.d had the pleasure of possessing as the 
 result of his skill and efforts, the finest and most productive fruit orchard 
 in the county, perhaps in the Province. 
 
 In 1824, Thomas Ritchie having vacated his seat in the Assembly, by 
 accepting the appointment of a seat on the bench of the Inferior Court of 
 Common Pleas, Mr. Gesner, or as he was more generally called, Major 
 Gesner, was brought out as a candidate to fill the vacancy, and was duly 
 returned. His uprightness of character and sincerity of purpose com- 
 manded the respect oi parliament and people, though he seldom spoke on 
 any other than questions connected with local aflFairs. 
 27 
 
41S HIST(»UV (IF ANN'.VI'or,IS. 
 
 In the gciit'ial electiun of l(S"J7, lie declined a iioiiiiimtidii, urgiiij; the 
 inci'easiiig infirmities of u<^e and his desire to finish his few roniainiiii^ 
 yeais in the pursuits to which he had devoted so lai'j,'e a part of his life, 
 and in which he had enjoyed so much happiness and success. His 
 descendants are very numerous, and some of them still own and occupy 
 portions of tlie extensive and valuable homestead. 
 
 THOMAS CHAN1)LE1{ II ALI15UKT0N. 
 
 1827-1820. 
 
 The County of Annapolis has been signally foi'tunate in having lieen 
 represented in the Legislature of the Province by so great a number of 
 distinguished and able men. Among these none have deserved or 
 obtained so wide a celebritj' as he whose name stands at the head of this 
 memoir. As barrister, legislate.!' and judge, he has left a record of which 
 his countrymen need not be ashamed, while his writings have gained for 
 him a fame of which they may boiust with just pleasure and pride. Mr. 
 Haliburtoii was l)orn in Wind.sor, December 17th, 1796. "He was 
 descended from an ancient Scottish family of the same name mentioned 
 in Border history of the sixteenth century as ' leal, true and honest men 
 and good lx>rderers against the English.' In the early part of the 
 eighteenth century, .ind near the close of Queen Anne's reign, a branch of 
 the family omigrated to Boston in the (now) United States. Mr. 
 Haliburtoii was the only child of William Hersey Otis Haliburton, who 
 was Clerk of the Peace for the County of Hants in 1 780, and afterwards 
 u justice of the Court of Common Pleas, by Lucy, eldest daughter of 
 Major Grant, an otKcci- of professional reputation, who fell while resisting 
 an attack made by a boily of rebels during the American revolutionarj' 
 war." The foregoing particulars have been copied from i\Iorgan's 
 Bibliotheca CatM'kusiK, which, however, errs in imputing to the Nova 
 Scotia branch a Loyalist oiigin, for the father of W. H. O. Haliburton 
 was among the settlers in Newport, Hants County, in 1760.* 
 
 The following is cu!' d fr'^ni the fragment of a manuscript of Mrs. 
 William M. Jt)hnstoue, tne mother of the late Hon. Jas. W. Johnstone : 
 " Mr. Johnstone wa.s made an ensign in the New York volunteers under 
 
 * I will further aild that W. H. O. Hulibiirton was born September 3r(l, 1767, 
 in Hanta County, and was one of seven children: (1) William, born September 
 2nd, 1762, died'April 16tli, 1764 ; (2) Susanna Hamilton, born May 16th, 1765 ; (3) 
 W. H.Otis; (4) Charlotte, born September 20th, 1770; (5) Abigail, born .Funt 
 15th, 1773 ; (6) John (Justavus, born January 23rd, 1775 ; (7) (Jeorge Mordant, born 
 June 30th, 1777. Their father was William Haliburton, born April 16th, 173'.>, 
 and married in Nova Scotia, April 9th, 1761, Susanna Otis. George, a brother of 
 William, also came to Nova Scotia among the early settlers, and was Registrar of 
 Deeds of Kings County in 1766. — [Ei>.] 
 
HON. THOMAS CHANDLER HALinURTON, 
 
THOMAS (HANKI-Klt 11 AI.IIIUUTDN. 419 
 
 tilt! fdMiiimiid of iiii old Scotch vt'tciaii who was lik»' u t'ath«'r to him, 
 -luid lovtMJ him as a son. Mr. Johnston*' was near him when he fell 
 dead in gallantly storming Fort Montjfonuiry. His widow and dau;;hters 
 <!ame after the pence to Nova Scotia. Th(! former perished in the snow 
 at Partridj,'*' Island near St. John, N.IS., along with Colonel Chandler 
 anrl many others. The daughters married, one a Chandler, «)ne a Morse, 
 and one Mr. Halihuiton, of Windsor, father of the present judge, author 
 of 'Sam Slick.'" 
 
 Ml". Halihurtoii was at the (Jraininar School, and afterwards at the 
 Univei-sity of King's College, Windsor, under the Rev. Dr. William 
 Porter, of Bra/.enose College, Oxford, tmd the Rev. William Cochran, of 
 'i'rinity College, Dublin, having matriculated in 1810. His career in 
 college, where he gividuatt^l in ISj.'), was marked hy complete success and 
 the attainment of high honours. On leaving college he made choice of 
 the pi-ofession of law, the study of which he probably pursued at 
 Windsor. Having c(»ncluded his studies he was duly admitted a barrister 
 •of the Supreme Court in 1820. In July, 1821, he removed to Annapolis, 
 which continueil to be his home ur.til his aj)pointment to the Bench in 
 October, 182it. It was during this period that he wrote his "Historical 
 and Statistical Aciount " of his native province. He had rot been long 
 settled in the '• ancient capital " before he ac([uired an extensive and 
 luciative practice and became a popular advocate. In 1827 a general 
 election took place, and Mr. Haliburton was bnmght forward as a candi- 
 date ff»r one of the county seats, and his friends were successful in 
 jeturning him by a fair majority. He w.as at the same time judge in 
 the Court of Probate and Wills, an otKce which he continued to hold as 
 long as he lived in the county. At the meeting of the new Assembly he 
 ■commenced his short but commendable career as a member of the 
 Legislature. He is said to have possessed brilliant oratorical powers. 
 Murdoch thus speaks in connection with one of his efforts in the Assem- 
 bly, but I will (juote some passages from the speech he eulogizes. One of 
 the results of the general election was the choice of a Roman Catholic 
 gentleman by a constituency in Cape Breton. The " Declarations and 
 Test Oaths against Popery " were a bar to his taking his seat in the 
 Assembly, because as a Catholic he would not take sucli oaths. Richard 
 -lohn Uniacke, on the meeting of the House, moved an "address to His 
 Majesty praying him to dispense with the oaths hitherto required." Mr. 
 Haliburton seconded the resolution, and in doing so delivered a speech 
 so characterized by breadth of charity and nobleness of feeling, by regard 
 for civil and religious liberty, and by such true eloquence that it deserves 
 to be repnxluced. After some pertinent preliminary remarks he said 
 
 " He was proud to make the acknowledgment that he stood there the unsolic'tf.d 
 And voluntary friend and advocate of the Catholics. In considering this question 
 
420 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 he sIhiiiIiI Mt't nut witli Htating tliiit cvury iiiaii IiikI ii ri^lit to imrtiiipatc in the 
 civil goveiniiiont of tlmt cimiilfv of which lit- uiis a iiiemlH-i', witiioiit tlii' iiiiposilioii 
 of any tt'Ht outhH, iirili?«N micli ruHliiction wax iieneHHai'v to tho Nafety of thiit (govern- 
 nioiit ; Imt when the Stuart rai^e heranir rxtind the tent oaths Hhouhl liavo hecn 
 l)urit'(l witli the last of that unfortiinatf family. Wliatovcf niigiit he the effect of 
 einaiiei|mtion in (Sroat liritain, h(Me there was not the slightest pretension for 
 eontinuing restriotions, for if tiie whole Flouse and all the < 'i>\ineil were Catholies it 
 would 't! inipoHsilile to alter the Const itiition, for the governor was ap|)ointeil l»y 
 the kir^ i\v \ not hy the people, and no ,\i't eoulil jiass without his consent. What 
 W(U» the icasui. I !i:vt I'i'otestants anil Catholics, in this country, uiingleil in the same 
 •oc'.il v,ircle and lived in such perfect harmony'' How was it that the (Catholic 
 mourned his Protestant friencl in ileatli whom he liad loved in life, put his hand to 
 the hier, foUowed hia nu)rlal remains t<i their last ahode, and mingled his tears with 
 the dust that covered him?" . . , 
 
 Aftek reference to the state of this matter in Enj,'lancl and Ireland, ht^ 
 referred to the old monastic institutions of the former country as follows : 
 
 "The property of the Catholic (Jhiu'c-h had passeil iiito the hands of the 
 Protestant clergy, the glebes, the tythes, the donuiins of the monasteriea. Who 
 could behold those monasteries, still venerable in their ruins, without regret '/ The 
 abodes of science and of charity and hospitality, where the wayworn pilgrim and 
 the weary traveller reposed their' limbs, and partook of the iios]>ital)le cheer, wlierc 
 the jMior received their daily food, and in the gi-atituile of their hearts imploied 
 blessings on the good and pioiis nun who fed them ; wliere learning hehl its court, 
 and science waved its torch amid the ghiom of itarbarity and ignorance. 
 
 "Allow me, Mr. Speaker, to stray as I often have done in years gone by, for 
 hours and for days amidst those ruins, and tell me -for you, too, have paused to 
 view the desolate s(;ene — did you not seem to heai', as you passed through those 
 tessellated courts' and grass-grown pavements, the faint sounds of the slow and 
 solemn nuirch of the holy pro('e.-*sion '/ Did you not seem to hear the evening chime 
 fling its soft and melancholy music over the still, seipiestered vale, oi heivr the 
 seraph choir pour its full tide of song through the long protracted aisle, or along 
 the high and arched roof ? 
 
 " Did not the mouhlering colunm, the (Jothic arch, the riven wall and the ivied 
 turret, while they drew the unbidden sigh at the work of the spoiler, claim the 
 tribute of a tear to the memory of the gi'eat and good men who founded them V It 
 was said that Catholics were unfriendly to civil liberty ; but that, like many other 
 aspersions cast upon them, was false! Who ei'eated Magna C'iiarta ? Who 
 established judges, trial by jury, magistrates, sheriti's, etc. ? Catholics ! To that 
 calunuiiated people we were indebted for all that we most boasted of. Were tliey 
 not brave and loyal ? Ask the verdant sods of Chrysler's Farm, ask Chateauguay, 
 ask Queenston Heights, and they will tell you they cover Catholic valnur t- ". 
 Catholic loyalty — the heroes who fell in the cause of their counti-y ! He^ >. %i here 
 there was no cause of division, no property ir dispute, their feelings had full scope. 
 We found them good subjects and good friends. Friendship was natural to the 
 heart of man, as the ivy seeks the oak and clings to its stock, and embraces 
 its stem, and encircles its limbs in beautiful festoons and wild luxuriance ; 
 and aspires to its top, and waves its tendrils above it as a banner, in 
 triumph of having conquered the king of the forest. Look at the township of 
 Clare. It was a beautiful sight, a whole people having the same customs, speaking 
 
THOMAS ( IIAXDI.KK II AMIUIlTdN. 421 
 
 till- siiiiit' liin){uii)i(i', mill uniting in tin- Minnie it'li^ion. It wiih ii sight umtliy tiit^ 
 iidniitation of inun und tlio ii)i|ii'iiliiiti(in of (iml. I^xik ill tliuir worthy (mHtor, the 
 Alili" Sig<igiK> ; Met- him ill xiinrisc with IiIh littli' tlock uioiinil liini, returning thunk^i 
 to the <iiv<-r of 111! goiid things. Follow him to the lieil of HickncHH, Ht>e iiini pouring 
 the hidni of cnnNolatiori into thu woiuiiIh of the iilllicttMl ; into IiIh titOil, where he way 
 setting an •.'Xiunple of indiistrv to IiIh peofde; into hiseloHet, where he wan inHtriieting 
 the innoeence of youtii ; into tiie eiiii)iel, iiiiil you would see the .siiviigo, rushing from 
 the wilderticMM with nil his wild and ungoverniilile pussions upon him. standing 
 siilidueil and awed in the presunee of the holy man I Voii woiilil hear him tell him 
 to diseern this (iod in th(^ stilliiesti and mditiide of the forest, in the roar of the 
 eataract, in the order and splendour of the planetary sy stein, and in the diurnal 
 change of night and da}'. That savage forgets not to thank his god that the white 
 man has taught him the light of revelation in the dialeet of the indiaii." 
 
 H»> tlien entered into a (letiiiltMl account of the removal of the 
 French Acadians, too Iciif^tliy for insertion, and continued, " As the 
 rejiresentative of the descendants ftf these jieople, lie asked not for the 
 removal of the restrictions as a favour; he would not accept it from 
 their commiseration, he ih-nianded it from their justice." He concluded 
 by sayiny : 
 
 " Kvery man who lays his hand on the Sew Testament and says that is his hook 
 of faitli, whether he l»e Catholic or Protestant, ('hiirchiniin or Dissenter, Hiiptist or 
 Methodist, however much we may diller in doctrinal jmints, he is my brother and 
 I einhrace him. We all travel liy different roads to the sumo <iod. In that path 
 which I pursue, should I meet a t'atholic 1 salute him, I journey with him, and 
 when we shall ai'rive at the flamwanliu limiiia iiiviifli — when that time shall come, 
 as come it must ; when the tongue that now s]ieaks shall moulder and decay ; when 
 the lungs that now hreatho the genial air of heaven shall refuse nie their office ; 
 when these earthly vestments shall sink into the bosom of their mother earth, and 
 be ivady to mingle with the clods of the valley, I will, with that Catholic, take a 
 lo'.iging, lingering, retrosjiective view. I will kneel with him, and instead of 
 saying in the words of the ])iesum]itii(ius Pharisee, * I thank (iod I am not like this 
 papist,' I will pray that, as kindred, we may lie eipially forgiven, that as brothers 
 we may be both received." 
 
 In 1829 he received the ippointment of Ciiief Justice* of the Inferior 
 Courts of Common Pleas for the middle division of Nova Scotia. He 
 was then but thirtj'-two years old, being the youngest judge in that court, 
 and he honourably and faithfully discharged the duties of his judicial 
 position until the Conmion Pleas Ccturt was abolished and the judges 
 were granted pensions. In 11S41 he was appointed u justice of the 
 Supreme Court, and for fifteen years " lie exercised the functions of 
 that important ofHce with unvarj'ing zeal and ability." In February, 
 185(), he resigned his .seat on the bench, and soon after went to England, 
 where he took up his residence during the remainder of his life. 
 
 Mr. Haliburton visited England in 1838, and on his return in May, 
 
 * As remarked on page .S!4, note, the other judges were not of the profession, bnt 
 chosen from the Magistrates of the County. 
 
42*2 MIS'IOIIV OK ANXAIMH.IS. 
 
 \KVJ, h«' was ti'iiilfTt'd a |)ul)lic (liiiiH'r wliiili ho acci-ptrd, aii<] wliid* 
 took plai'<' on tlu> llh of .Iiiih', tin* late lion, .lanu's Hoyli' I'liiiiiki' 
 I>n'siiliiig. On tlie occasion of the annoiinccnicnt of tlic fouitli " toa.st ' 
 — " Tliomas C. Haliburton, Kst|., our (listiiif^uislu'd ^wsi and ixuintiy- 
 inan ; to liini his native land is indfl)tcd for tlic first ic(H)rd of its history, 
 and hy liis talents and {genius his name is enrolled in the annaU of 
 literaturn ' 
 
 III his reply Mr Haliliiirtoii ''tliaiiked the |iri'siil<'iit for the tliittcring rcinaikK 
 with which lio pi-ofaccd the toiist, and the I'liinpanv for the kindly feelings they had 
 evinced on drinking it. He icferreil to the history of Nova fSeotia, and gave liis 
 reasons for writing it. As a native he knew his country had heeii niisreprcHcntrd in 
 ull the Ixioks which had noticed the I'rovince. It was dechired to he cold, sterile 
 and forbidding, and o(dy a lit hahitation for wolves. The Reverend Doctor Cmhiiin 
 anil the Reverend Ml'. Hrowii had lioth taken grnit pains in coljecling materials, 
 with the intention of submitting similar works to the public, but the hand of <leath 
 had interposed and their labours were stopped. He ha<l written a history of No\'a 
 S<!otia, not as Tory, Whig or Radical, but l>ecauHe he was proud of his coiintiy and 
 anxious to ex])lain its history, its topography, its line harbours and its great 
 resources. The work, he said, was hastily written, and while his tiuu- was occupieil 
 with legislative business and the arduous duties of his profession. He was at(are 
 of its many defects, but he was also aware that they had Iieeu generously o\cr- 
 looked. Much as ids friends might think he had done for his country by the histoiy 
 to which he alluded, still he was satisfied that he had not done enough. He loiigcil 
 to see the industries and enterprises of the Province more fully set forth, aiul with 
 this view he had already given jniblicity to the ' Sayings arul Doings of Saui Slick,' 
 with whom he had made two journeys, and intended making a third. He repeated 
 his acknowledgments for the honour done him amid applause, and resinned his- 
 seat." 
 
 This occasion afforded him an opportunity of making' the first autliori- 
 tative announcement of the authorsiiip of "The (Jlockmaker "— a con- 
 fession he felt it his duty to make in order to correct tlu^ impression 
 resting on many minds that the author, whoevei- he was, intended 
 nothing more than to amuse his readers by a relation of laughahie 
 stories ; an object the furthest removed from his real i)urpose, namely, 
 to use them only as an instrument in exciting the public atK'ntion to 
 lessons of most serious import to the public welfare. From this tijiie 
 his readers' minds were directed to the serious, practical and useful 
 side of the subjects discussed, and which was none the le.ss effective 
 because it came accompanied by shouts of uproarious laughter. 
 
 "Shortly after Judge Huliburton took up his residence in Kngland he was 
 solicited to come forward as a niembei' for the House of Coiiinu)ns foi- the County 
 of Middlesex, a proposal which he declined ; but at the general election in IS;"!! he 
 was induced to go into Parliament nuiinly from his friemlship with the Duke of 
 Northmuborland, who offered him his support as a canditlate for Launceston, where 
 the Duke's influence was very strong. The borough wi.s small, and the labours 
 imposed on its representative was light. His ambition did not, however, lead him 
 
THOMAS rilANItl.KH IIAMIHIflON. 42:{ 
 
 t(><'"iv«l lliiit <li><liiic'ti()M, iiMil liin lifiillli mill fci-lin^H ri'inlncil iiiii'liiitiii-iitiii v liti- 
 MDliii-vvllllt il'ksiiiiut to llilll. ill llJH s|i)'iM'li lit urklliiwlfil^'llirllt nil I III' iiirasliill ot 
 
 liiti election, lie tliiinkt'il tlin otoutoi'H, ' imt int'icly in Imh nun naiiK', Imt mi lH>liulf nt 
 four inillioii of liiitiMJi Hulijt'i'lH on the otluT Niilr of tjir watrr, uliii, u|) to tiii' 
 |ii't's<'iit time, liail not iiail out' iiiiliviiliial in tlir Hiiiist> of ('niiinioiH tliiou^'li uliniii 
 Ihvy ini^'ht lir liraril.' 'I'lu! new int'inlifr for Laiinct'.ston look liiM neat in tiii! Hiiiimc 
 an a CoiiMcrvativf, Imt at tlic name time lieclaieil iiiniMelf to lie 'a ie|ife><entalivi' of 
 all parties rather than uh a party niMii." " 
 
 At u largo moeting at Ti'iymnoutli, William I.iiulHay, M.P., lia%iiig 
 HItokeii of tilt' tist'fulnoss of tltn huiiioioiis wmks of tin- aiitlior of "Sam 
 Slick," tli«' following cluivactoristic reply was elicited from the author : 
 
 " Mr. Linilsay has alluileil to my liooks ami said there was an ohjert of 
 MsefuliiesM !!! tlsL'ni. Ju that he is right, for I shouM imieeil feel ashameil of mynelf 
 — it wouhl 1)1) very unsiiitalile and very iiiiiiiiipatilile with the Hitiiation of iiuljjo, 
 whiuh I have held in another part of the world — if I should sit down and write a 
 jestliook to make people laugh. That would lie a very uiidignitied employinent for 
 a judge, and a very unprofitable one ; hut I thought I might do a very gieat serviee 
 to my oonntrynien fori am a native of the other side of the water (irovided I 
 could convey to them certain truths which I thought would ' e either too homely 
 for them to care much ahoiit, or too dry for them, unlc , lik" doctors jiills, they 
 had a little 8ugar put uhout them. I, therefore, wrapped them with a litle huinonr. 
 in order that when people read them for amusement tliey might find that they had 
 learned soniething they did not know liefore. 
 
 " During his residence at Isleswoitli he endeared himself to the peojile in 
 contributing assistance to their local institutions and aiding their philanthropical 
 and charitable efl'orts, and in identifying himself with their interests generally. 
 The village of Islesworth will henceforth be associated with the most |)lcasing 
 reminiscences of Mr. Justice Haliburton ; the names of t'owley, Thompson, I'ope 
 and VVal pole will find a kindred sj)iril in the world-wide reputation of the author 
 «if ' Ham Slick,' who, like them, did on the banks of the Thames. "' 
 
 He died at Isleswortli, England, August '2"th, 1865. 
 
 Tlie following will he found a tolerahly correct list of the writings of 
 Mr. Haliburton, and will possess considerable intere.^t for our readers : 
 
 1. "An Historical and Statistical .Account of Nova Scotia," 1821^. 
 This work is too well known to re([uirp any special notice here. It 
 comprised two volumes and was printed in Halifax, and met with a 
 considerable sale and the thanks of th« provincial As,semblj'. It is 
 now becoming rare 
 
 2. "The Clockmaker." This work consisted of three series, and itx 
 humorous aspects immediately attracted more than cohmial recognition, 
 editions having been issued from the English and American press, whicli 
 found a ready and extensive sale on both sides of the Atlantic, and did 
 more to make the author's name known abroad than anything he ever 
 wrote. They were first published in 1837, 1838 and 1840 respectively. 
 
 3. "The Letter Bag of the Grc.»c Western; or, Life in a Steamer," 
 
42+ IIISTOIIV (>!•" AN'XAI'OI.IS. 
 
 IHK», ill oiif Noliiiiir. (Jnin|)Uif«| with its iiinin'il'iitc iuimIi-coshui'm this 
 Milniii)' wiiH i|)-ciil*'(|ly iiiffiior, and ii<it mi woil ifcfivcil tiy tin- |iulili<', 
 lli<)U;{li it fiiiiiiil lulinircrs. 
 
 1. " Tlif Itiihlilt's of C'luiiulii," iiiic vdliimi', 1M3J), t'ouiul iiiiuiy ifiulcis, 
 l)ut t'uiifti til ikIiI v«)ry much to tlic writi'i's n>|iutiitiiiii. 
 
 ."> •' A lt»'|ily to tilt' Rt'iMdt uf till' Karl of Mmliain,'' one volmiit*, IH.Sn. 
 TliiH |ii(Hluct.i<iii WHS t'stiiiialfd stry ilillert'iitly liy ditlcri'iit loadorH, 
 nccordiii^ as its political views a;,'rt'«'d « itii or opposed tlicir owti. 
 
 (5. "Wist- Saws and Modern Instantcs/one volume, IS\'.\. Lik(^ tlie 
 last nu'iitioiifd tiiis work met with general commendation, and had an 
 c'Xtensi\e sale. 
 
 7. "The Old .hul^ie ; or, l-it'e in a (.'olony," one volume, \Hi'.\. Tliis 
 volume was ea^ieily received liy American readers, and addtnl consider 
 alily to tlie author's reputation in Kn;;land. 
 
 S. '' Huh' and Misrule of the English in Ameri>^'ii," one volume, 1843. 
 TluH l)o«ik has never receiNcd the credit it deserv»'s. The laVNmr and 
 r(>search bestowed ujiun it must have lieen \ery great. His estimate of 
 the Puritan character, religious, so'ual and political, would of necessity 
 render it unpo[>ular in New Kngland, and the indiiferencu of the middle 
 classes of th(> Knglish people t,)war(l American historical subjects offered 
 a sulKcient bar t<i a laigt; sale iraong them. Notwithstanding its past 
 negU'ct we Iuinc an abiding faith that the time will come when it will 
 add to Mr. HaliburtonV: lit'T ; y fame, 
 
 9. "The Attache; or, .Sam Slick in England, (mo volume, 1843 and 
 18 14. The liero of this Ixxik outdoes himself in the realms of drollery 
 and broad humour, though he does not fail to impress a moral of serious 
 and wholesome Import upon the minds of his readers. 
 
 10. '-Nature and Human Nature," one volume, 1855. Hocial and 
 political jihilosojihy and the illustration of many serious truths mingle 
 with the smiles e.xcited by its perusal. It was a favourite at home and 
 ubrotul. 
 
 11 "An Address at (Jlasgow on the Present Condition and Resources 
 of British North America," 1857. This address was intended to make 
 the native land of the author ">hI the adjoining colonies better known 
 and esteemed in the parent country, and was in some degree instrumental 
 in carrying its aim into effect. 
 
 12. "The Season Ticket," 1858, 1859. A very interesting book, not so 
 well known in this country as some of his other works. 
 
 1 3. " A Speech in the House of Commons on the Repeal of the Timljer 
 Duties, and Colonial WofMi," 1860. This speech brought before *Aie 
 Commons a view of the subject discussed from a standpoint not easily to 
 be attained by other members of that Ixniy, and was of considerable 
 interest as presenting the opinions of a colonist on the matter, and not 
 without its appropriate influence on tlie debivte. 
 
THOMAS illANDI.KIl IIALIIUIITOX. 42.'» 
 
 ("Tmits of AiiK'iii'ivn llumour," niif vulunic, IHI.'J, nwl " Tin- 
 Aini'iieiiiis ut Hoiiii- ; or, Bye ways, BiickwtMxlH mid I'riiiiios," oiii' 
 viilmnc, lf<4.'<, wen* ooinpildtioiis <'<lit(Ml l»y Jud^jf llalUmrlon ; and 
 "Sayings uixl Doings ut' Sam Slick, Eki\., with Inn <i|»iiii(His on Matii 
 iiumy," une voluiiu', jSH, "Sam Sliok in Sj-aroli of a Wife," om- volume, 
 1HH, and " Yaiik»'<> Stoiii's," one volume, ISr)*J, woro uiiautliori/ed 
 Ameiiraii editions of i»aitH of his jireviMusly named works, with some 
 int)'i'|)oialions and adrlitions. Kn. { 
 
 Of his humorous woiks a wfitei* of no mean note says; 
 
 " I liavu I'ViT I'i'iiil mill Miliit'cl tliu i onvi'isiitinii • of Siiiniirl .Sliik, imt for liiMn<>\ir, 
 ■ '\i|iiiKiti' anil iiicv iih it is, in iiiiiny of tlx'ir chiiiittTs, Itiit foi' tlic ili-ep, inHtriict ivi', 
 iniiial anil simini It'sMonM of practii'iil instnirtioii thry t'onvey to llii- country. There 
 is not a |ir<>vincial tMiMtiiMi. npininn or prcjuilicc oppoNcil to stoaily or pcrHcxcring 
 iniiuHtiy, ami, of course, to the projfress of iniliviihial anil Kcneral priis|«'rity, wiiicli 
 is not expoHcil ami Ireateil uitli ciiiiKninniato tact anil riilicule. . . . The natural 
 ailvantagcs of this coinitry arc ilruw n in ;,'luwing colours, Imt these re ever set otl' 
 with jokuH upon inilolcnce ami want of energy ami enterprise, too highly coloiu'eil 
 perhaps, Imt still done with sutlicicni skill to point the moral." 
 
 In lelation to the literary works of Mr. Ilalihurton a writer in the 
 Hlhliotliii'ii Cdniuli-nxis, of Morgan, writes thus concerning tiieni : 
 
 " For the purpose of piesci-ving or at least reviving Monie anccihitcs anil gooil 
 stories, that were then fast living out, connccteil with colonial life, he hegan ii series 
 of anonyiuous articles in the Xnra Sioliiiii lu'wspaper, then eiliteil l>y Josoph H.»we, 
 anil made use of a Yankee jieillar an his mouthpiece. The character thufl ailopteil 
 or inuigincil proved to Ik- a ' hit," and was copied liy the American press. They 
 were collected and pulilished at Halifax anonymously, and several editions were soon 
 iiftci issued in the United .States of America. A copy was taken hence to Kngland 
 liy (ieneral Fox, who gave it to Kichard Bently, the piililisher. To Judge Tfali- 
 linrton's surjirise he learned that an Knglish edition had l)eeu issued and was very 
 favouralily received in Kngland. For some time the authorship was asHigned to an 
 Anu'rican gentlenuin in London, \nitil .Mr. Halihurton visited the .Mother Country 
 and liecame known as the author. For his ' Sam Slick ' he received nothing from 
 the puhlisher, as the work had not lieen eopyrighted, Itut Mr. Hently presented him 
 with a silver salver, on v, liich was an inscription, written by th(> Reverend Richard 
 Barliani, l)etter known as the author of the ' Ingoldslty Legends. 
 
 " Hetween Harham, TheiMlore Hook and Mr. Halihurton an intimacy sprang up. 
 They frciiiiently dined togethei' at the Atheuieum to which they U'longeiL and many 
 good stories told by Hook and Barhani were rememliered by the Judge long after 
 death had deprived him of their society." 
 
 NoTK itv THE Kditok. — As a judge, Haliburton was not gifted with the legal 
 learning or calm, judicial mind of his namesake and contemporary. Chief Justice 
 Halliburton, nor the acute ])enetration of .Judge Hliss, but he was fully e<puil to the 
 average of the judges of his day. He was reluctant to l)o l>oiu)d l)y precedents, 
 and had a wholesome contempt for technicalities when they inter|M>sed an obstacle 
 
 * George Rennie Young. 
 
42() IIISTOUV OF AXN'Al'OI.IS. 
 
 to the .■iiliniiiisUiitioii of justice anil right Itt'twecii man unci miui. His iMiii,tant 
 study of, and ket-n insigiit into, iiiiiniin natuii,-, and of tlic niotliodn and lial>its of 
 mind of people of ev(.Ty vAuhh in tiie Province, made iiim a strong judge on eircuit, 
 wlieie lie was (|uiek to detect and Wold to denounce iicrjury and fraud, and in 
 I'riniinal cases lie was proverbially a "terror to evil-doers." He eoiilil show liiit 
 scant patience to a counsel seeking hy technicalities, or hy working on the feelings 
 of a jui-y, to secure the acipiittal of a prisoner olivioiisly guilty. Ue was prompt 
 and dei'ided in the execution of judicial i)nsiness. His sense of the luilicroiis and 
 fondness for punning were very conspicuous on the liench, and somelinies to a degree 
 not altogether consistent with the dignity of the position, or the gravity of the 
 occasion. 
 
 JOHN E. MOIITOX. 
 
 IS27-IS30. 
 
 Mr. >r()rtoii's father was piobably th<' first male cliild born in Cori\- 
 wallis after the French expulsion, havinj? been i)orn in that township in 
 1761. He was descended from an ancient Scottish family "of some 
 repute," as he modestly aflirnis in his memorial to the Earl of Dalliousie 
 in 1821. In the .same document lie says that he lost his right lej; in \~~(t 
 when fifteen 3'ears old, from the accidental discharge of a holster pistol 
 in the hands of Lieutenant-CJovernor Arbuthnot, at a militia review 
 which t(X)k place in that year in Cornwallis. In 1783, being then 
 twenty-two years of age, he removed to New lirunswick and " went 
 into trade " on the St. John River, where he " had charge of buihling 
 the first ship constructed in that province." This ship was called the 
 Lord Slif(flfifd, and was sold to Arnold* and Ho/t, merchants of St. 
 John, and tradition adds that the purchasers never paid the price 
 agreetl on. 
 
 In 1794 ho was made a J. P. for the county in which he resided, but in 
 1802, at the earnest solicitation of Sir John Wentworth, then Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the Province, he removed hither, and chose the lieautiful 
 village of Digby as his future home. Here he was at once put into the 
 Commission of the Peace, and in 1805 was appointed Deputy Registrar 
 of Deeds, Deputy Collector of Imports and Excise, Preventive Otticer of 
 the port (without salary) and Sub-collector of Customs. In 1810 he was 
 mad<^ Justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, and judge in the 
 Court of Probates and Wills for the districts of Digbj' and Clare. 
 These ofHces, he declared, did not yield him a revenue of .£100 a year. 
 He performed all the duties of them without employing an assistant, and 
 he speaks of them as being "arduous, expensive and perilous." In the 
 event of a division of the county, which was then in agit' tion, he feared 
 
 * Benedict Arnold — the traitor, as our American cousins delight to call him— was 
 for several years engaged in mercantile pursuits in that city. The descendants of 
 Hoyt, the partner, arc still to be found in New Brunswick. 
 
JOHN E. MORTON. 427 
 
 the loss of some of liis official income, un«l thei-efore asked His Excellency,, 
 in such case, to confirm him all the positions he then held. The accident 
 by which he lost his leg seems to have been a cause of Mi". Morton's 
 preferment. Arbuthnot, deeply regretful of the injury sutt'ered thiough 
 his act, appears to have left him as a sort of legacy to liis gubernatorial 
 successors, with instructions to watch <»ver and forward his interests, and 
 up to the close of the administration of Sir John VVentworth his wishes 
 were geneially complied with. 
 
 Ill) /III- h'llitor. 
 
 The above sketch of Mr. Morton's father, preliminary to a memoir of 
 the memljer himself, T publish, in order to perpetuate the name of a man 
 once a very conspicuous figure in the social and official life of the old 
 County of Annapolis, and of Digby after it was set oft". A man of 
 commanding stature and stately bearing, he possessed a well-cultured 
 mind, and was one of the most courteous and at the same time punctilious 
 of the old school of colonial gentlemen, filling the various offices he held 
 with the old-style firmness and well-sustained dignity. He was one of 
 my earliest friends, and tiled very aged before I had (juite attained 
 manhood, liut the supposed descent from the Scotch Earls of Morton, 
 to which allusion is made, is one of those imaginaiy pedigrees that 
 indulged the fancy of so many American families in the last generation,^ 
 before more scientific genealogical research revealed the true old-world 
 origin of many of our New England forefathers. It is now settled that 
 George Morton, the agent at London of the Pilgrim Church at Leyden, 
 and later of the Plymouth Colony, was a native of Austerfield, Yorkshire, 
 2A miles from Scrooby, wliere the Pilgrim congregation worshipped before 
 they emigrated to Leyden. His son Nathaniel, born 1613, in England, 
 was long the accomplished and brilliant Secretary of the Plymouth 
 Colony, of which both he and liis father wrote valuable descriptive and 
 historical accounts, precious to subsetjuent historians. Li every genera- 
 tion they have produced most able men in all the departments of 
 professional and political life. The descent of the ^I.P.P. is as follows : 
 George,' Ephraim,- George,' Ephraim, ' Elkana,'' Elkana," born 1731, 
 Judge Elkana," born 1761, John Elkana.*^ The latter was the eldest 
 son and was born in 1793, probably in New Brunswick. He died April 
 20th, 1 835, whUn filling the office of Collector of Customs at Digby. 
 
 " Of m-inly bearing and kind disposition, he was much esteemed ; his 
 active and unwearied exertions as a captain and adjutant of militia were 
 highly appreciated, and as an M.P.P. of a former House of Assembly his 
 independence, integrity and zeal in that capacity, as in all other stations 
 in life, were eminently conspicuous." He was certainl}' an able, influen- 
 tial and very popular member, and his early death cut short a career of 
 
42N HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 great promise, and was long deeply deplored by the public. His widow, 
 who was a Miss Beckwith, with her children removed from Digby to 
 western Cornwallis, where they enjoyed the care of her l)rother, Haiiiuel 
 Beckwith. Fenimore E. Morton, of Sussex Vale, Kings County, N.B., 
 for a time Solicitor-General of that province, and now Judge of Probate 
 for his county, is his son. 
 
 JOHN JOHNSTONE. 
 
 1821I-1830, 1H»»-1H3«. 
 
 This gentleman was an elder brother of the late Judge in Ecjuity, to 
 whose record, further on in the book, the reader is referred. 
 
 ^Ii-. Johnstone's birth t lok pluce near Kingston, Jamaica, on the 
 31st of January, 1790, Jn i82i> he married Laura, daughter of the 
 Honourable William Stephenson, then a leading member of the bar, and 
 of the government of the island, and very soon afterwards removed to this 
 province, where he resumed the practice of the law, the profession to 
 which lie liad been bred. He settled in the town of Annapolis and soon 
 acfjuired a very considerable and lucrative practice. 
 
 A vacancy having been made in the representation of the county, in 
 1828, by the elevation of Thomas C. Haliburton to a judgeship in the 
 Inferior Court of Common Pleas, he became a candidate for the seat, and 
 was duly elected, though he had been scarcely three years a resident in 
 the county. This House of Assembly having been dissolved by the death 
 of the king (George IV.), he again sought the suffrages of the electors, 
 and was duly returned. He held his seat in the new Assembly until his 
 death, which occurred in Falmouth, England, in 1836. 
 
 Not long after his first election and shortly before the rising of the 
 House he lost his first wife in the most painful and distressing manner. 
 On retiring to her sleeping apartment, where a little one had shortly 
 before been laid to rest, in .some manner njver fully explained, her night- 
 dress caught fire, and before it could be extinguished, she was burned so 
 badly that she soon afterwards died.* He afterwards married Mary, 
 eldest daughter of the late James William Kelly, Collector of Customs at 
 St. John, N.B. 
 
 Mr. Johnstone was a gentleman of solid rather than brilliant attain- 
 ments and abilities. His energy, perseverance and untiring industry 
 were remarkable, and his general force of character, high sense of honour 
 a!id amiable disposition gained for him the confidence and esteem of all 
 who were brought within the sphere of his influence. As a representative 
 
 •The house stood lietween the present residences of Judge Savary and Captain 
 <''. D. Pickles. Mre. Johnstone's grave is to \>e seen in the old cenieterj", near that 
 ■of her hu.sbnnd"s grandfather, John Lightenstone. — [Ed.] 
 
JOHN .JOHNSTONE. 429 
 
 of the people lie discharged all the duties devolved upon him with ii 
 devotedness that is remembered to this day. To his advocacy the jieople 
 of the county are largely indebted for the existence of the many useful 
 break watei-s upon it* shores, especially those of Wilmot. 
 
 In 1834 Mr. Johnstone presented petitions from the inhabitants of 
 the eastern district, praying that Annapolis be made a free Poit of 
 Entry ; and urged upon the Assembly the propriety of granting tlieir 
 request. He was unsuccessful, however, in his efforts, and the people 
 had to wait a few years longer for the boon desired. 
 
 More than sixty years ago, John De Lancey, a son of Colonel James 
 De Luncey, erected a bridge over the Annapolis liiver at a point not far 
 from the dwelling of his brother, Peter De Lancey, and dedicated it to the 
 public use. It was built at his own cost, and although the public were 
 never great gainers from his generous act, owing to its sudden destruction 
 by a flood two oi" three years after its completion, it is proper that such 
 a munificent action should be held in remembrance. Mr. De Lancey 
 having become otherwise impoverished in 1830, was advised by his many 
 friends to seek reimbursement for the loss sustained in the constructicm 
 of the unfortunate bridge, and he difl so by petition to the xissembly. 
 This memorial was referred to a special committee of which Mr. Johnstone 
 was the chairman. The petition stated, "that about three or four years 
 ago yoor petitioner was induced at the recommendation of the inhabitants 
 of Wilmot and by the wish of those of Annapolis, in this part of the 
 county, to erect a bridge over the river and which the people- having 
 enjoyed the use of for a period of three years until last September, when 
 an extraordinary fall of rain so increased the strength and quantity of 
 water in the river that it carried it away as well as three other large and 
 well-established bridges." These facts were reported to the Assembly bj' 
 the committee, with a recommendation for a favourable consideration of 
 the petitioner's claims. 
 
 He was generally chosen chairman of the House committees on which 
 he served, and the journals of the i^ssembly aljound in reports written 
 by his hand, some of them involving considerable research and care in 
 their preparation. 
 
 Toward the close of 1835 his health had become considerably impaired, 
 though he continued to work during the session as he had done in 
 pa.st sessions. In the spring of 1836 he was advised by his physician to 
 try the effect of a sea voyage, in consequence of which he embarked for 
 England, where he died as before stated, in the forty-sixth year of his 
 age. 
 
 Mr. Johnstone left issue, a daughter by his first marriage. By his 
 second marriage he had a son and daughter. All these children surviveil 
 him and two are still living. The former is the wife of the Rev. W. 
 
480 HISTOUY OK ANXAI'OLIS. 
 
 Rupeit Cooluan, son of Uev. ,J. V. Coclirivn, of ilalifiix, asid grandson 
 of Rev. Dr. Cochran, of King's College, and lives in Kngland ; the son is 
 Janioj^ W. Kelly Johnstone, Ksq., barrister, of ITii'ifax. A daughter hy 
 the second marriage died young. 
 
 CHAULKS BUI) I). 
 
 1830 1836, 181.MH47. * 
 
 Charles Hmld was the son of Elisha ISudd, of White Plains, N.Y., 
 who was born there in 17G2. The family afterwards removed to Rye, in 
 New York, where thej' were settled when the revolutionary war began. 
 James Budd, the father of Elish.i, was shot in his own door during th(^ 
 struggle, by a rebel. The son, who was a youth wlien this terrible fate 
 met his parents, became a volunteer in the British service soon after, and 
 was present at the siege of Savannah, and in several engagements in the 
 south in the last campaigns of the war. At the peace in 1783 he 
 removed to Digljy, being then but twentj'-one years old, where he .settled 
 and some time after married. His wife was a daughter of Tsaac Bonnell 
 who wap .vlso a Loyalist of good family, and who, during his long and 
 useful life, held .several otHces under the Government in that town, with 
 credit to himself and satisfaction to the public. This marriage lesulteil 
 in the birtli of five children, three sons and two daughters. One of the 
 former is the person whom this paper is designed chiefly to notice. 
 
 Mr. Budd's father became a leading merchant and ship-owner of the 
 place, and was esteemed as a most enterprising and worthy man. The 
 commencement of the present century found him engaged in a lucrative 
 and extensive trade with the West Indies and the Motlier Country. 
 Previous to this time he had become the proprietor, by purchase, of the 
 lands and house of the Reverend Mr. Brudenell, an Episcopal clergyman, 
 who was the successor of Amos Botsford as chairman of the Board of 
 Agents, appointed by Governor Parr to superintend the .settlement of 
 Loyalist exiles who had resolved to make for themselves ne.v homes on 
 the l)eautiful shores of Digby basiu. He served for some years as a 
 Justice of the Court of Conmion Pleas, and was an active and efficient 
 magistrate. In 1813 he made a voyage to Liverpv>ol, England, probably 
 in one of his own ships, where he took ill and died, in the fifty-second 
 year of his age. 
 
 Charles Budd, his son, who was born April 1st, 1795, first became a 
 candidate for the suffrages of the electors of his native township at the 
 general election which occurred in consequence of the demise of George 
 IV. in 1830. This township had long been noted for the heat and 
 closen&ss of the political contests through which it awarded the honour 
 
(MAULES Ill'DI*. 431 
 
 of its n'j)i(!s(>iit)iti(iii ill llu' A.s.siMiilil}' witnoss tiic stiiij,'j;l(>s hotween 
 l{o!i(.-li iiiul Riijj;glt'.H and Koiich iind Hught's ten oi' tweUc yciii's earlier. 
 Jju(i(l, liowever, was successt'iii on this occaHioii, and took his seat 
 uei'ordingly. He was a man of hut few words, hut of sound judgment 
 and sterling integnt\'. He seldom trouhled tlie House with wiiat could 
 l>e called a "speeeh," l)ut not unfrequently in a few wt^ll-chosen and 
 judicious words gave it tlie henefit of his opinion on the sul)ject under- 
 going dehate, and lie was always listened to with attention and respect. 
 Tn politics he was an unHinching Conservative, and he l)egan, continuecl, 
 and ended his legislative career as such. When party action was called 
 for, his vote could always he safely counted on ; though no man knew 
 hetter how to modity, or even to ahandon his vii^ws when he was 
 persuaded tlicy wc-re injurious or impracticable. 
 
 Tn It'.'U he took an active and l)eneficial }tart in the enileavour to 
 improve tlie facilities of coninninication hetween the western part of the 
 Province and St. John, N.Ji. ()n the 21st Decenibei' of that yeai', he 
 wrote to Sir liupert I). George, tlun Provincial Secretaiy, advocating a 
 sulisidy for James Whitney's steamer, named the llitirirtta. 
 
 At the election of 18."5(), Mr. Budd was again a candidate, and was 
 opposed by James 15. Holdswoith, a gentleman of Loyalist descent, and an 
 enterj)rising merchant of Dighy. Thts ferment which preceded and 
 accompanied the change in our political institutions, calhul " Kespfnisihle 
 Government," was raging with considerable fury. Mr. IJudd represented 
 the Ktatnm quo ; Mr. Holdsworth was the standard-bearer of Refoi'in. A 
 very animated canvass had been made by l)oth parties, which was con- 
 tinued during the conflict, at the close of which Mr. Holdsworth was 
 declared duly elected. 
 
 At tlio next elootioii, however, Mi-. Budd refrained llie .seal, and lield it until 
 defeated, in 1851, by John C. Wade, Ks(|. In 18.J5 he unsuccessfully opposed Mr. 
 Wade, after which lie retired from political life. He ha<l in the meantime heen 
 unfortunate in liis hnsiness as a nieicliant. He tilled until within a few months of 
 ids death the otiiee of Registrar of Proltate for tlie Co\inty of Dighy, and as raatos 
 of the county he discharged witli an intense and unselHsii devo';." t- n: public 
 interests the gi-atuitous duties of that otKce tmtil the seswi"- ..c su])er8ede<l hy the 
 County (youneil. He was a vestryman of Ti'inity Clr.fch, Digby, for tifty years, 
 and was made an honorary vestryman when the iuHrmities of age prevented his 
 attendance at the evening meetings of the Board. Ho died at Dighy, aged 89, 
 April 24tli, 188i. His wife, who was a daughter of Judge Wiswall, hail long 
 predeceased him. They had no issue. One of his sisters was the niotlier of the 
 distinguished Canadian writer, Profesaoi- James l)e Mille, and another, of Rev. 
 E. K. B. Nichols, 1).I>., a leading Church of Kngland divine of Nova Scotia. —[Kd.I 
 
432 HISTOUY OF AXNAPOMS. 
 
 JAMES DKLAP. 
 IH31-183«. 
 
 Tlie author left hut a tew scattered notes of tliis ^'entleniari. For 
 particulars of liis family, see the ^^enealogj'. He was a fanner and ship- 
 builder, a man of some ability as a speaker, a son-in-law of a former very 
 popular member, Isaiah Shaw, and a strong Reformer in politics. After 
 representing the township of Granville for the period indicated, he was 
 defeated by Mr. S. S. Thcjrne in 18.'?G, but was a standard-bearei' (»f his 
 party in several elections. — [Ed.] 
 
 FREDERIC A. ROBTCHEAIT. 
 
 1836 1840. 
 
 lijl fill- Eilifor. 
 
 Frederic Armand Robicheau, the first Acadian Frenchman elected to 
 the Provincial Parliament, an honour which he shared with Simon 
 D'Entremont, who represented the township of Argyle in the same 
 House, was the thii'd child of Armand and Rosalie (Bour(]ue) Robicheau ; 
 his grandfather, Prudent Robicheau, jun., who married Cecile Dugas, was 
 son of Prudent Robicheau, sen., who married Anne Dugas, and was 
 among the Acadian inhabitants at the " Cape " of Annapolis, January 
 ■22n<l, 1715, when the last-named gentleman took the oath of allegiance. 
 On April 5th, 1727, Prudent Robicheau, sen., was commi.s8ioned Justice 
 of the Peace in Annapolis. Nevertheless his son and grandson shared 
 the fate of the other Acadians, and, deprived of all their possessions, 
 were removed and landed in some othei- part of the continent. The 
 subject of this .sketch married Marguerite, daughter of Cyriacque 
 Melanson, and .settled at Corberrie, near the shore of Lake Wentworth, 
 beyond the New Tusket settlement, and about seventeen miles south 
 f'.^m Weymouth. Want of roads was a bar to much direct intercourse 
 between his home and the centre of the Acadian population, then rapidls' 
 growing along the shore of St. Mary's Bay in the extreme western end 
 of the county. But in that remote and obscure locality Mr. Robicheau 
 cultivated his mind and kept abreast of the public intelligence of his day. 
 Brought out in 1836 in conjunction with Mr. Holland, he led the poll, and 
 proved a useful and very competent member. Having secured the divi- 
 sion of the county, and the allotment of a member to the township of 
 Clare, he was about running for the new County of Digby, but was 
 advised to give way to Mr. Holdsworth, who had been defeated in the 
 election for the township of Digby by Mr. Budd, and seek election for 
 
WILLIAM HOLLAND. 433 
 
 the newly enfriiiieliised township of Chire. Unexpectedly he was oppused 
 in Clare, and defeated hy a majority uf about sixty, by Mr. Anselm F'. 
 Coineau, who was a man of very extensive family connections and 
 personal influence. In 1840 he was a^ain a candidate, and again 
 defeated by Mr. Comeau. Tn 18.3!) he was appointed a Justice of the 
 Peace. His brother, Mathurin A. llobicheau, was a numb«n' of years 
 later a member for the township of Clare, and afterwards for the County 
 of Digby. Both were tine specimens, physically and morally, of their 
 nationality. He died April 18th, \H6^^, and in the Catholic cemetery at 
 Corterrie stands a fine marble monument commemoratinj,' the fact that 
 he was the "Premier Representative Acadien a la Legislature de la 
 Nouvelle Ecosse." 
 
 Note. — I am indebteil for most of these facts to Wilson's " Histoiy of Digby," 
 now in press. 
 
 WILLIAM HOLLAND. 
 
 1836 1840'. 
 
 The remote ancestore of this gentleman were English. One of them 
 went to Ireland about the year 1640, or a little earlier, and settled in the 
 County of Armagh, in the Province of Ulster, where the subject of this 
 sketch was born in 1782. His early days were spent in that county, and 
 in it he was married. His wife was a Miss Rielly. In June, 1812, he took 
 passage in an American vessel, Iwund to New York, with his wife and 
 one child, with the intention of finding a home in the United States, but 
 fortune had ordained otherwise. The second American war was then in 
 progress, and the ship in which Mr. Holland was a passenger was 
 captured by a British cruiser and taken into Halifax ; and in the spring 
 of the following year he found himself in Wilmot, in the County of 
 Annapolis, where he bought a farm and made for himself a new hv>.ne. 
 Here he soon became prosperous, as he deserved to be. His farm, which 
 was situated in the district now known as "Torbrook," was a new one, 
 and required labour and skill to make it profitable, and these requisites 
 were not wanting in his case. He was a pronounced Methodist, and 
 with Col. Bayard, in his later years, did much to promote the influence 
 of Methodism in the eastern part of the county. His marriage was 
 blessed by four children, of whom three were born in this province. Of 
 these one, William, died unmarried at the age of thirty-two. The other 
 two were daughters, who married George Allen and Thomas Moffat 
 respectively, and are both deceased. Thomas, the eldest son,* who was 
 born in Ireland in 1810, and who lived in Wilmot, survived till a few 
 
 * The author states that he was in<lel)ted to this son, Thomas Holland, for the 
 facts stated in the t«xt. 
 
 28 
 
484 III.STOIIY OF ANNAI'OMS. 
 
 years agi», luid was twice married : first to a daughter of the late 
 Alexander Walker, <jf Aylesford, and secondly to a daughter of the late 
 Andrew Henderson, of Annapolis Royal. 
 
 Mr. Holland was selected as a candidatt^ for the representation of the 
 county at the general election in 18.'{(>, the particulars of which are 
 mentioned on page 28G. After the division of the county, which it was 
 the especial mission of the two memlxMS then elected to accomplish, he 
 does not seem to lia/e again courted political honours, but lived a retired 
 life on his farm, un il lie died at an advanced age. 
 
 ELNATHAN WHITMAN. 
 
 1830-1840. 
 
 Elnathan Whitman, son of John, and grandson of Deacon John 
 Whitman, was born at Rosette on the eighteenth <lay of November, 
 1785, and there he received such education as the district and the 
 period afforded, and was afterwards engaged in agriculture and fruit- 
 raising during the remainder of his long life. He was twice married : 
 first to Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Spurr, and about the time of this 
 marriage he purchased a farm from the late Robert Jefferson, near liis 
 father's homestead, on which he continued to reside until his death in 
 1868, at the prolonged age of eighty-three years. His second wife was 
 Charlotte, daughter of Sheriff Tupper, of Queens County. By his first 
 wife he had the following children: (1) John, {'2) W iam Esmond, 
 (3) Charles Bailey, (4) Edward, and (5) George, who was afterward a 
 representative of the county in the Assembly, and is now a member of 
 the Legislative Council. There was but one child by the second marriage 
 — Maria Louisa, who became the wife of Captain Samuel Bogart, of 
 Granville. 
 
 At the general election in 1836, Mr. Whitman consented to become a 
 candidate for legislative honours, and after an exciting contest was elected 
 by a fair majority over his opponent, the late Joseph Fitz Randolph, by 
 whom a scrutiny was demanded, at the conclusion of which the sitting 
 member retained the seat. As a member of the ^ ssembly he was 
 diligent and attentive, no known duty being at any time left undis- 
 charged by him, though he seldom addressed the House on other than 
 purely local subjects. 
 
 Though he was a Conservative in politics, he was at the same time a 
 staunch guardian of popular rights, so far as they, in his judgment, 
 tended to, or were supposed to, contribute to the general welfare. In 
 1840 he declined an offered nomination, legislative position or honours 
 yielding no compensation to him for the partial loss of home enjoyments. 
 
JAMES II. HOLnsWOHTH — STEPHEN SNEDEN TIIORNE. 435 
 
 Ah a liUNhand, fiitluu-, frierai, lU'ighhour and ChriHtiiin, he not only 
 obtained, hut d«Hervod a "^immI report" from the entire community in 
 whicli he lived. I lis liosjjitalities were j)roverhial, and were extended to 
 all who had occasion to Mcc^k tliem, und were never refused on iip«:i)unt of 
 condition or creed. 
 
 JAMES B. HOLDHWOHTH.* 
 
 18:«l-1840, 1840-1843. 
 
 JamcH Bourne Holdsworth was son of John and Mehitable (Bourne) 
 Holdswortli. His niotiier was of the Bourne family of the "Old Colony" 
 of Plymouth, and he was a grandson of James Ardington and Kli/.abeth 
 Holdsworth. His father and j,'randfather were Loyalists. He was the 
 standard-hearer of the old Reform party in the western section of tlie 
 county after the death of John E. Morton, and in 1836 defeated Mr. 
 Jiudd, the Conservative candidate for the township of Dighy. In 1840, 
 after the division of the county, he was defeated by Mr. Budd for his 
 first constituency by thirty-three majority, the whole number polled 
 being 485 in a very exciting election ; but his friends Irought 
 him forward for the new County of Digby, inducing Mr. F. A. 
 Robicheau to retire in his favour. He was returned, Mr. Edward A 
 Jones, of Westport, his opponent, retiring after a day or two of the 
 contest. In sub8e(iuent elections the French of Clare always brought 
 forward a member for the county, and by giving him i\ united support, 
 carried him by enormous majorities over the English candidates, who 
 only got an English vote divided on party lines. He was a merchant 
 and farmer, never married, a man of pleasing address and graceful speech 
 on the hustings, but took no part in the debates in the House. A 
 Commission of the Peace was conferred on him, and when the revered 
 Elkanah Morton died in 1848, the arduous position of Custos was added, 
 and later that of Commissioner in the Supreme Court. He died at 
 Digby, March 24th, 1859, aged 63, much regretted as an amiable and 
 useful citizen, and long remembered as an honourable and worthy 
 representative of the school of politics to which he belonged. 
 
 STEPHEN SNEDEN THORNE. 
 
 1836-1840, 1840-1843, 1843-1847, 1847-1881, 1851-18.55, 1855-1858. 
 
 Mr. Thome was born in Granville in 1795. He was a son of James 
 Thome and grandson of^ Edward Thome, an American Loyalist of New 
 York, a memoir of whom has already been furnished to the readers of 
 
 * From Wilson's " History of Digby," by permission, with slight additions and 
 alterations. 
 
<VW lirsTOKV OK ANNAI'OI.IH. 
 
 tliiH voltiiiu'. Ill liJH lHtyli)MMl lio kitvimI iin ii|>|ir)'iili<'«'slii|i to iiM-rciinliln 
 |iiirsiiitM in {,\u- wiuttlKMiHc iiimI Dllio* of Imn iiiiitfrnal iinclo, (Int lati« 
 Stcplicn SiK-ilcn, u lioyaliHt Ki^Mtli-iiiari tliuti doiii^ liiiNiiK-HH in AMnii|iolis. 
 Ahuiif tlir yi'iir 1M17 ur IH|H Iik niiurii'il Mcliilaldc, <liin><liti'r of .fanwiH 
 Hall, Ks<|., of (iranvillt', aixl {;i'an<lilaii^litiT of .lolin Hall, oni- of tint 
 |iif loyiilist. Ht'ttltTH of tliat lownsln|i. Shortly iift,(M- tins fvcnt. li«' 
 Ixtoaino tilt' liiiHin«mH |iai'lri)ti' of liiH uiiirlM iiy nianiii^t', the latt; Timothy 
 |{uj{j{li'M, a j^iaiulHon of lit-ni'ial Kh)<;{1<'h, and HfttJrd at HcllciHlr, whi'io 
 \\i: contintDMl to D-siiic until tli<- (li'stiiiclion of thfir warclioiiNf liy lint in 
 1H.'{() or |H.'(|, oi- th<> ilisHoliitioii of the |)artn<THlii|i liy the <icat4i of Mr. 
 llu),'>^li'H in IH.'H. Not lon>{ after In- rninovoil t<) Hri«l^'ntown, thi'ii 
 rapidly rlHin^ into iiiiportan(M\ ll<«ro ho coinnii^iKi'd lniHiiitrHH on IiIh own 
 auitoiint, and soon iNtcaint* rcptnh^d as a man of strict integrity and 
 utiiinp*!ai:lial>lt) i-haraotttr in all Iuh dealings, as wttjl as amialth^ in all 
 his Hocial n^latioris. On tho d**ath of Mr. IUii^k'*''* '*■ ^''i^ ^'^^ isHUttd for 
 the election of a n!pntN(;ntativ)) to fill tho vitcancy in the Asst^mhly 
 c■a^..^e<• hy that evont, and Mr. I^t^lap -a hrothiT in law of Mr. Thonm - 
 was cMost'ti, hut mu(!h dissatisfaction existing at the cIosh of his t<Min of 
 Hervico, csp«H-ially anion); the electors of the eastern section of the 
 township, they determined to bring out u candidate to oppose him 
 shouhl he he brought forward at the election of IK.'Ui. The writer well 
 remembers hearing his father say on his return from a caucus wliich liiui 
 been called for the purpose of choosing a caiiditlati', that Mr. Thorne was 
 the man selected, and that lie feared he would decline a nomination. Mis 
 scruples were finally, though after much ditlitiulty, overcome, aiitl an 
 acttive iianvass commenced on his behalf. The [tolling lasted several days, 
 and the contest was a keen one and marked by much bitterness of spirit 
 on Ih>Ui sides ; in fact, no one of to-day can easily imagine the Itustle and 
 confusion, and noise, and tumult that characterised election struggles in 
 " the good old times," with tlitur "open liouses," their drinking habits, 
 the coaxing, wheedling and thr .t«ining used to sway the electors, tlieir 
 quarrels and fisticutFs. All honour to the man wiio promoted tlie refrtrin 
 that changed all this bedlam scene into one of order and decorum by 
 limiting the conttist to a single day. 
 
 At the close of the poll Mr. Thorne, having a majority of eight 
 v<»teH, was declare<l duly elected by the sherirt". Mr. I)(flap, however, 
 demanded a scrutiny^ of votes, and petitioned the Assembly against the 
 return. On ♦he meeting of the Assembly a committ«;e was ntruck to 
 whom the disjitite was referred, and who, aft«!r a patient investigation, 
 reported in favour of the sitting candidate. Mr. Thorne waH a staunch 
 
 * KurutiniuH mill |i(!tili(iiiH it^uiiiHt n^tiiriiH forineil » iiiiirkod foaturu among the 
 ntHiiltH of IhJH >)li!<:tioii. JoHbpli Pit/, Ruiiilol|ili pHlilioiuMl ugiiiriHt tliv rdtiirti of 
 Kliiathnn Whitinun, iiiiil .lolin W. Ritcliie agaiiiHt Kol>icliunu of Claru, as well aH 
 Htutc<l aliove, Dulap agaiimt Thoi'iiu. 
 
MAMI'KI, HISIIOI' CMII'M.W. 4.M7 
 
 <7(ihH«>rva(ivn of (In* old sciliiMtl. 'I'lii' loyiilly, and |i<tIiii|>h noiiic of tin* 
 |)ri>iiidii!CH of liJH lioyiiliNt fon-fiitlicis liiul Imtii jiilit'i-ittid liy liiiii, iind it 
 In not II matt)*!' foi' wondor, (lit*rffon>, (hat In* tiM>k h'uU'h a^aitist (Id- 
 |>o|iiilai' p'trly in tlif agitations that Htiricd tlic f^f^iNliitiir*' and tht* 
 (•oiiMlry foi' Monn' ycaiH. To his horioui' In- it said, howi-vrr, that his voto 
 was nMVfT d<Mii<'d to any inxasiiti* which hn honestly thoii^^ht' woidd 
 pi'oinotr the piililic wt'lfan-. In tho vory first si'ssion of the Asscinhly in 
 whoso di'lilii'i'ations hi> was jit'i'miltt'd (o take part, hi' \otcd for Ihr 
 division of th)> county, which the inllncncc of the old capital had opposed 
 and prevented for a period of nearly, if not ippti*, half a iutntiiry ; hut. 
 h)t was ^^'cricrally averse to any change in tho nicHies of lulniinistAition 
 until he was fully convincod they would prove prejudi(^ial neither' to the 
 ri^htH of the (!rown, nor th») true interests of the |M>ople at hirj^e. 
 
 In JHIO, so niucli to the satisfaction of his friends and (umstituentH 
 had he ilischarKod his pul)lic dutit^s, he was aj^ain Itrou^nt forward as a 
 iumdidate for their sunVa^es, and was (;oinpclled to face the old opposition 
 iiniinated hy the sanie fier<;e partyisni, and led and guided hy the same 
 detern iiiod and experienced leaders. The canvass which «(nsued was, on 
 l)oth sideH, a very earnest and exiiaustivo one. 
 
 The close of tli«i poll on this occasion exhibited a majority of fourteen 
 votes in Mr. Thome's favour. His friends who exulU'd in the hardly 
 won triumph honoured liini with a chairini/, and he was drawn from the 
 {•oiling iNtoth to Ids own reHiiKuice, in an open carriage, hy a nundn^r of 
 his sup]M)n< rs and athnirers, and in the evening tlie village waH illumi- 
 nated in honour of the victory. Mr. Thorno retired from political life 
 on acc(t|)ting tlie position of C7liairman of the Board of Works in IHr>7, 
 atid waH Hucceeded in tlie representation of the township hy hiH son in- 
 law, T. I). Uuggles, Ks(|., who held it two years and is yet living, lie 
 afterwards hehi the otiice of Collector of Customs ut DridgeUiwn, until 
 liis death at an lulvanced ago, December SOtli, 1874. 
 
 samu?:l hihiiop chipman. 
 
 IN40 IK4:<. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was the only son of Major Chi])man, by liis 
 wife, Kli/.al)eth JSishop, and grandson of Handloy Chipman, who came to 
 Nova Scotia in 1761, and his second wife, Nancy Post. Me was born 
 August 2n(l, 1803, and passed his early days in agricultural employments, 
 which, not having Ix'en endowe<l with a very vigorous constitution, he 
 exchanged for commercial pursuits, and settled ia the then infant village of 
 Lawrencetown, in Wilnrn»t, an the proprietor of a country store, where by 
 strenuous application and buHiness ent^irprise, hes(Kmac(|uire<I a conaider- 
 uble fortune. Agreeable and obliging in his conduct, and upright and 
 honourable in his dealings, he seldom failed tu make friends of hi^ 
 
498 IIISTUKY OK ANNAI'OI.IS. 
 
 riiHtdtrii'm, tiiiil liiiil I lie t'Miiiiiliition iif /i |i<i|iiiliiiil y lliiil <illiiiiiil*'ly iiirm-il 
 liiiii inli) |iiil>lii- lilV. 
 
 Ml'. (!|ii|>iiiaii WHS I lie lii'Htr i'i>|ii'i*Ni'iiliilivi' <it' l.lii* i-iiiiiity iifliT (liti 
 Hi'Vi'i'iiiiri' nt' tint wi'Nlnrii t'i'iMii iliit iiiiNt.i'i'ii ili-ilj'ii'l.N, wliii'li l.iNtk |)|jii'«< ill 
 |H,'I7. Il)t wiiH i|i(is)'ii Wy till' Kct'iiiiii parly, iiiiil K'im- IiIh wiiriii iiiid 
 iiiiilivii|i'(| Hii|i|i<ii'l, III lliiit I'lii'ly in IIm- iii'W AM'ti'inlily iiiiIjI its ilinMoliitiun 
 ill I HID. ||i< wiiM till' only r«|ir*'Hi<iil.iilivt' I'luin I lie iMuiiity wlio voli'il in 
 fiivitiir of tit)' l^iiiiilrciiiiijil Hill, wliidi lliially |iiihsi><I mi tlii^ I7tli <>l' April, 
 IK.'IH tlilll. IlirilHIII'i' lliivili^ Ihtii iippnsi'il liy I lie litwiisllip IiicIIiIh'I'm, 
 IVIrHHit'iii'N 'I'lioriin mill VV'liil iiMiii. In I In- i^mcrul i-li'rl.i<iii in |H|,'( liit 
 /i^iiiif wi'iil. lo tlin liiiNtin^N iih ii I'liiiiliijiid-, iinil wuh oppuHiul itnij ili^l'initi'il 
 liy till* Alliirnt^y Ornrral of tlm iluy, llio linn, •!. W. .lulitiMtuni', hidI 
 tliiHi^li \\i\ ront,i*st.i>il (III* Hciit, with (lull, ^'•■nlli'iniin in MiiliHi>i|iii>nl' ttlci-l.ioiiH 
 lir nini'i' nidti-imIimI in winning' tlir Hciit ii^iiin. 
 
 Mr. ('Iiipniiin inarrinW Lcviiiii, ilaii^'lilir uf Mr. •lulni MiiihIiiiII, of 
 Aniwtpiilis, liy wliom hn IiimI iHHiin two nuiih iiimI a daii^litrr. < >t' tlii'Mo 
 tlit^ (ililcHt, I'lilward W. ('Iiipiiian, wan fo- iiiiiny yniii'N nno of tlio Intilin^ 
 (Iry ^oimIh iiii'irliantH of Halifax, of wliirli rit.y lii^ waH for hoiiii! tiiin' an 
 alilrrtiian. In |H7H Im roinovnl from |Im> I'rovinn* ; anil in now living in 
 Minnimotii, in III** I'liilfd Hiat.i's. Sopliia l,inii'ia, t.lio ilaii^liti'r, niariicil 
 tlaiiiitM I'). ( 'liipinan, I'!hi|., tlm senior partrinr in tJm well known firiii, 
 ('liipiiian KroUii'i'H, lianlwar*' niitrclianls of Halifax. 
 
 Mr. ('Iiipnian wiih lii^lily imtni-innl for lioHpitality, i-nl.rrpriH)- anil 
 inl.K^i'il'y. Mo tillril l.lin position of I'ost iniiHltrr at. ljjiwr)iiirel,own for 
 Hoviiral yoai'H, and for a len^l.licnod period was in Uie OoiiitnisHion of llio 
 i'eacii, cliielly discliarf^in^ iJio diil.ies of thai, olliito in l.lio rourls of 
 K«Miitral HeHsioiis of tliii |Hiat;it. lie died after a Hliort illn<-HH, Auf(tiHt '2'^iid, 
 iHrif), aned r»2. 
 
 IIKNKY nATKH. 
 iHii iNi:(. 
 
 Ill/ Ihr Hililin: 
 
 l''or the <ial,es family, see >{miealo><y. Mr. <lateH, the tenth <;liild of 
 JoiwiH dates, ami grandson of ('aptain Oldham (>at«iH, liononrahly men- 
 tioned in the early history of the township of Annapolis, re(;eived a 
 Hoiind ediii'atioii in the Knglish liranihes, and learned (he trade of a 
 Itlaeksiiiitli under thii lato Stephen Itent. He early developed u tasto 
 for UHoful roadin^ and an interest in th» piililii! ailairs of tlin tdwri and 
 county, lie was a /.ealoiis Methodist, and one of the litadin^r promoters 
 and Hiiji[iorters of the MethiMlist (.'htireh in the town, and a leiuler in its 
 miisiiwil services. He took a wiirm interest in militia afTairs, and wiih 
 thH popular (;aptain of a (company. He liveij iilHiut twu miles Iwlow th«) 
 
.UMKM W 1 1,1,1 AM .loMNSTONI-;. VAU 
 
 lowii lit' Aiiiiik|i(ili't, iiri llir |iii)|Mrty imw hwiiimI l»y 'riiuiiitiM ('iiin iiii'l 
 
 •liiliii i>iiiiri, HI' ii I iiii|)^iiii>iit and itj^nMwililc mill ^I'niiil iiiiiiini'rs, lit- 
 
 wiiM II I'liiuiiilatr ill I lie Ki'l'iiiiii inli-nil in |H||, himI tlrfi'iilfil Mr. .MI'i'imI 
 Wliiliiiiiii ; lull nil Mm* iHhhoIiiI inn in IHI.'S, vvlii-ii Mr. .IiiIiiihIiiii IimI iImi 
 ( 'iitiHcrviilivd |iiii'ty, li«> witn ilil'iMir I liy Mr. VVIiitiiiiin, iinil ilinl lilMiiil 
 |HI7, iiiin^h ro^rt'llfil liy iminy l'i'ii'iiil'> on IniMi Midi'N of |Milil.i<!M, 
 
 J A M KH W I M , I A M .1 o 1 1 N S r< » N \<). 
 
 INI.'I jMlll. 
 
 Tlin Hiil>j<'<-t. lit' I.IiIn iiiKiiiitir whh a ilfsii>iiilunt. uf vrry ani'ii'tit uiiil 
 hiiiifiiiriiltlr fiviiiilics Imlli mi Ilir |iiilci'iitil uml iniiliiiiiil NJilt-H. Ilin 
 iiMitJnT I'lli/iilit'lli Iji^lit.i'iiNliiiH- — uitH Mil' ^runililaii^lilrr uf iIh' Kcv. 
 <iiiHlaviis I'liiliji lii^litiiiiMliiiif, a rnilimtanl. clcrf^yiiian al I'l'tcilioir, in 
 
 tlio iHJaiiil of ('roMHiiult, iii-ar llir i illi of tint llivitr Nma, in KiiHNia, 
 
 anil liiir faLliiM', Joliii l.i^;lil.i-nsloiii-, was liorn in llix iHlanil iiainril alioiit 
 I7.'ir>.* 'riiis fii. 'i!y, wliir' liail lon^; Im-cii iloiiiiciliMl in I'ln^^laiul, wiim 
 originally from lii'iniany wlii<r«< Uio naini' wiin N|M*lif<l l.irlili-iiHti'in. 'I'Uti 
 l(«v. liiiNtaviiH I'liilip lii^liliMiHloii)', or liirlitniHt.i'in, wiin liorn, iMjiicatt'd 
 ami iiiari'iril in I'ln^lamj. Mis wifr Itfiiliirt* I'lli/.alirlli Lloyil who is 
 Hiiiil to liavi^ lit. I'll liorn in Irclatiil or Srotlunii, wiih |irolialily of VN'cInIi 
 origin. IliH noh, lint iiiatnrnal ^ranilfalJicr of Mr. •lolinstonit, wan aJMii 
 filiiraliKJ in I'lii^laiiil, anil wln-ii a yoiiii^ man Holl^lll, ami oliliiiiifil 
 i>iii|iloyiii*Mit of Hoiiir kiml in Mio ItriliHli Hi-rvim wliifli ri>i|iiirtMl Iun 
 |ir<miwi(.i in tliiMiiii American colonirN, to oiii* of wliii-li, (iror^ia, lir wifiit 
 out .iImiiii. <>!iit tiiiio of il.H IIihI. Hi'tMnmcnt'. Homo yiwiiN afli'i- liix arrival 
 |.|iiin< III* inarriitii < 'al.lit'rinn |)i'lit){ai, a nalivit of (JiHir^ia, who whh, 
 howovitr, of l''ri!iirli Mii;{iifiiot. i-xlrart.ion, anil wliim*' ^ramlfalliiir wiih 
 <!oinmanilaii!' of tlir iNlanii of ilri'Ni'y at. t.lii* limit of his lirrrasi*. Iliir 
 fatlmr, IMiilip l>i<l*<Kal,t was a liciilimaiit in Urn Itritish army, ami w<>iit. U) 
 (li'or^ia with (U'Mot'al < )>(litl.lior|)<i, in tlio oarly Nttlllcmitnt of that colony. 
 'I'iiit aiii'i'stors of tliitsn niitn liiul Imon lirivitn to siMtk ritfu^o in ('iiif^laml hy 
 tint ritvoration of tim lOiJict of Naiitits, in HiK,^i. 
 
 Thu iiiarriaj^it of .lolin lii;{htitnstoii*t with Oathttrinit l>rl<-pil ri>Multi-<l 
 ill tint liirth of an only chilil, iiamril Klixalinth, who, a fiiw yitArs 
 .suliH<'(|iiitntly lii'camn tint wifit of VV'iPiain Mori'ton •loliiiHtotii', ami still 
 fiirthiM' on tint inothor of the siilijitct of this Hkittch. This marriaf^it took 
 |>lac«t in Havannah, (li'dr^ia, on tlin IwnntyllrHt day of NovttinlHir, I771I. 
 Mrs. ilohnstonn hiuj thu miNfortiiint to losit I hi; tmidur caret and com 
 puriionHhiii of hur inuthnr when Hlin " was just turned of ten yenrH of 
 
 * ll(< iliud ill Aiiiiii|MiliM, wliiii'ii hhIiiIi, lllll^kill^ IiIn irMliiiK pliu'ii, is In Ixt Noitii iiitar 
 that nf tlio lii'Ht wiftt of IiIn Kftti'litmi, iloliii ,fnliiiMliiiii>. 
 
 t I'liilip Dulit^al'M wiftt is hiiIiI tn liavii Ikhiii a MIhh hiiioy, of IriNli liirlli.- | Kl>. j 
 
440 HlsrollY OK ANNAI'dMS. 
 
 iim\" a loHH wliicli sIm! was old ctioii^li t.o iltiplon; v»!ry <l«!('|)ly. I'\^w 
 woinoii with wlioMi^ liistory I urn H<;(|Utiiiit.<!(l liuv*; Uii\ a iiioif iHfiitfiil and 
 cluMtkerttd, (ir a iiKirc licroio and }i(>niiiiral)lo lift; tlian IId! mother of t.lio 
 lat<! ]lon(tiii'al)li> ilud^*- JolmMtonf. From IIk; day on wliicli hIii; liccanit! 
 n wife nnlil iho cloMt; of tlin Umoliitioiiary war- hIk- whh doomed to loll^ 
 and painful separatioiiH from litu- liiishand, wiio (u>mmandtMl a troop of 
 dragoons, and waH in (;on.s<!i|ucn(;o oltligt'd to endun! Hevcn; liardsliipH, 
 and to tMicouiit*!!- dang(;rs tua^.' dioadfid to <:ont(;mplat«', <;itli<M' of whicli 
 mij^bt at any moment terminate tlie life of one whom sIkj most dearly 
 lov" (I, and whose well lieinj^ had Iwuiome in.separalile from her own. The 
 war cloud.s rolled mon^ and more rapidly and tlireat(!nin)j;ly toward the 
 Month during the lant year; of the strife, and her hu.shand, who vi(?we(J 
 tlie situation from a standpoint of necessity unknown to her, determined 
 on her removal from (Jeorgia to Ht. Augustint;, in Floi'ida, then hi^long 
 ing to Kpmn. Mere she and her cliild would l)e safe from the perils 
 whioli surrounded her in her nativt; and l»<;loved (Jeorgia. She olxiy*;*! 
 his re(|ut!st with alacrity and what eheerfulnesH she could connnand, 
 though she kntiw that in doing so she would he com|)ell(!d to pass long and 
 weary intervals without any new.s or assuranct; of his safety, un«l that of 
 other friends who would !«; still exposed t<i the perils from wliich she 
 alone would he (;x(Mnpt. At length peace spread her wliite wings of 
 joy over the devastated colonies, hut oidy U) witness a relent, less persecu- 
 tion — a widespread confiscation of tlie property of the van(|uished Loyal- 
 ists. The end of the fratricidal war, which made "confusion worse con- 
 founded " during the pre<!eding eight years, did not bring an end to the 
 discomforts consetiuent upon her separation from Uc.r hushand, nor to her 
 prospectH of continuous domestic repose, 
 
 A voyage across tlie Atlantic a hundred years ago was a very difllereiit 
 affair from what it is now, with our occsan steam palace ships, their luxu- 
 rious furnishings, rapid speed, and disregard of adverse winds ; yet this 
 lady, in the interests of her family, braved its dangers ami endured its 
 discomforts and liardships no less than eight times, including six voyages 
 l)etween (Jreat Hritain and Jamaica, besides making several other trips of 
 almost equal length and danger. 
 
 The .lohn8(x)nes are descended from a very anci«tnt Scottisli family wlio 
 trace their ancestors to the days of tlie Crusades, if not to those of the 
 Conquest.* The grandfatherf of him whose name heads this article was 
 
 *Th() MannicHHiiH of Atinainlalu wtiro of thiH family, and tin; title, now lotif^ ilor- 
 iiiant, IH (;laili'"(l to liirloiiu to tins rnpreKuntativo of tlicw! Nov.. Scotia •loliliHtoneM, 
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JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 441 
 
 bred to tlie medical profession, and emigrated to Georgia about the time 
 that witnessed the arrival of John Lightenstone in that province. His 
 family consisted of .several children of whom four at least were sons. 
 Two of these were in Philadelphia pui"suing their studies for the profes- 
 .sion of their father when the Revolutionary war commenced, and both of 
 them left the peaceful teachings of good old Doctor Hossack, exchanged 
 the scalpel for the sword, and devoted all their energies to tho cause of 
 the Crown in that great and disastrous struggle. William, as has already 
 been stated, obtained a captain's commission in the New York Rangers, 
 — a corps which performed a great part of their services in the Carolinas 
 and Georgia. Two or three years before the close of the war three troops 
 of horse were raised and organized in Georgia, and Captain Johnstone was 
 oifered the command of one of them. He agreed to accept the oifer on 
 the condition that his rank and pay in the Rangers should be continued, 
 and the fact that the condition was complied with affirms authoritatively 
 the estimation in which his dashing and daring qualities as a soldier were 
 held l)y his superior officers. 
 
 The marriage resulted in a family of seven children who reached 
 maturitj', of whom four were sons and three daughters. The sons were 
 named Andrew, Lewis, John and James William, and the daughters bore 
 the names of Catherine, Eliza and Laleah. 
 
 At the close of the war Captain Johnstone was advised by his father — 
 whose Georgian estates had been confiscated, and his financial circum- 
 stances much deranged and straitened in conse<juence — to go to Edin- 
 burgh and complete his medical education, which he did. His old friend. 
 Colonel, afterwards Sir Archibald, Campbell, who was then about to sail 
 for India, offered, if he would accompany him to that country, to use 
 all the influence in his power to further his interests there. At the same 
 time he had offers of similar influence if he would go to Jamaica, and after 
 due consideration he resolved to seek a new home in the West instead of 
 the East. 
 
 James William Johnstone was born in the island of Jamaica, on the 
 29th August, 1792, and at an early age was sent to Scotland for educa- 
 tion. For that purpose he was placed under the care of Dr. Duncan, the 
 founder of savings banks institutions, and whose name will long be 
 honoured on that account. It is believed that he went to Scotland with 
 
 received a grant of land from the first or second De Brus (Bruce) of Annandale, This 
 property was called John's toun (town), and so his son was known as Gill)ert de Johns- 
 toun (Gilljert of John's town); and when surnames became finally fixed as distin 
 guishing families, the name Johnstone was developed, tlie Annandales, for the most 
 part, zealously clinging to the old finale. (See Blackwood, January, 1896.) Ben 
 Jonson was of this stock, illustrating in his spelling as a great " wit " should, that 
 "brevity is the soul of wit." But when he visited Aberifeen and the City Coinicil 
 sought to do him, as an illustrious countryman, their highest honour, they wrote 
 his name " Johnestoune," putting in it all the letters they possibly could. — [Eu.] 
 
442 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 his father on the occasion of his visit in 1802, being at that time in the 
 eleventh year of his age. He seems to have remained under the tuition 
 of Duncan until about the period of his father's death, when he was 
 called to return, not to his home in Jamaica* but to Nova Scotia, where 
 he arrived in the spring of 1808, having nearly completed his sixteonth 
 year. His sister Eliza had married Tlio-nas Ritchie, M.P.P. for An- 
 napolis, during the precedinj,' year, and to him young Johnstone, his 
 brother-in-hiw, was articled as a student-at-law s(K>n after his arrival. 
 As he did not attain to his majority until 1813, he was not admitted to 
 the bar until that year. He commenced the practice of his profession at 
 Kentville, in Kings County, but some time after he removed to 
 Annapolis, where he continued to practise for some years. He after- 
 ward selected the capital as presenting a better field for ultimate success 
 in his profession ; jjerhaps he had begun to feel the consciousness of the 
 latent powers he possessed, and which lacked opportunity and opposition 
 only to develop them into brilliant activity. Here he soon began to 
 make his presence felt in the courts. His unflinching integrity, untiring 
 industry, fertility of resource in the management of causes, his thorough 
 knowledge of the law, and the occasional bursts of eloquence manifested 
 in his addresses to juries on important occasions, soon elevated him to 
 a first place at the bar, and gained for him the ear and the respect of the 
 judges ; and the lapse of each succeeding year witnessed an augmentation 
 in the volume of his practice, and an increase to his growing fame. His 
 name soon became associated, as counsel, with every cause of importance 
 tried in the capital, or on the circuits which he usually travelled. Such 
 a person could scarcely fail to attract the notice of those having in 
 charge the administration of the public affairs ; therefore, on the 29th 
 July, 18.34, he was selected to fill the post of Solicitor-General, an 
 appointment which was then made by the Crown. He was at the same 
 time created a member of the Legislative Council, which then also 
 exercised executive powers. From his seat at this Board he witnessed 
 and watched the movement — then just beginning — to effect a radical 
 change in the system of colonial government. That he was strongly 
 opposed to the introduction of violent and ill-considered changes, his 
 writings and speeches abundantly testify ; but that he was inimical to 
 such changes as would operate beneficially upon the country, by enlarging 
 the liberty of the subject without endangering the rights of the Crown, 
 cannot be truly asserted. His motto in these matters was festina lent". 
 — hasten slowly. Let the new succeed the old by a series of gradual 
 displacements ; do not tear down till you have decided hoio and what to 
 
 • I am not (juite certain of this. It seems probable that he would first have 
 visited his mother in Jamaica, and I am inclined to believe that he did so, and that 
 he was sent to his brother-in-law, Ritchie, from tlience. 
 
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 448 
 
 rebuild ; retiiin what has been proved of use ; reform abuses when they 
 are known to exist ; "prove all things and hold fast that which is good." 
 He was one of the delegates appointed by this province in 1838 to 
 meet Lord Durham, the newly appointed Governor-General, at Quebec, 
 to confer with him touching the measures required to restore harmony 
 in the political condition of the British American colonies. At the 
 close of the conference, the Nova Scotia delegates, on the 22nd of 
 September, presented an address to that gentleman, which it is believed 
 was the work of Mr. Johnstone, from which the following extracts are 
 made : 
 
 " The (Uitiea of the misHion with wliich we have been entrusted by the Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor of Nova Scotia, and tlio frankness of conmiunioation permitted l)y 
 your Lordship, have brought us into ac()uaintance with your Lordship's feelings and 
 views in relation to liritisli Nortli America, and irresistibly impressed our minds 
 with the conviction that your Lordship cherishes an ardent desire to elevate the 
 colonies committed to your government, and entertains conceptions calculated to 
 render that desire eflFective. " 
 
 "In a review of the short period of the Government unJer your Lordship's 
 personal direction, we behold your Lordship with that feeling so congenial to 
 Englishmen, which turns with repugnance from the shedding of blood on the 
 scaffold, blending justice with mercy ; while returning tranquillity hatl already 
 rewarded an administration conducted without the sacrifice of one human life ; and 
 we were aware that improved laws and institutions were in preparation, which, 
 under a government firm, mild and impartial, gave to the future the reasonable 
 prospect of restored confidence and renovated pro8i)erity." 
 
 Mr. Johnstone was much pleased with Lord Durham and his visit to 
 Quebec on this occasion, and augured favourable results from the action of 
 that gentleman in Canadian affairs. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1841, he was made Attorney and Advocate- 
 General, and on the 26th of May following he was gazetted Procurator 
 in the Court of Vice- Admiralty for the Province. It should be stated 
 here that on the severance of the Executive from the Legislative Council 
 in January, 1838, he was reappointed a member of both these councils. 
 In order to make plain the circumstances under which it became, or 
 seemed to become, desirable for Mr. Johnstone to seek a seat in the 
 popular branch of the Legislature, it is necessary to refer to the political 
 condition of the Province at this period.* The generation of today have 
 but a faint perception of the fermentation which preceded and attended 
 the remodelling and reconstruction of our colonial constitutions. In 
 Quebec and Ontario, or Upper and Lower Canada as they were then 
 called, the excitement culminated in open rebellion against the Crown, 
 and the cause of the Reformers was stained with blood. In this province, 
 
 ♦ See also pages 289, 290.— [Ed.] 
 
444 msTouY ok annapolis. 
 
 thi'ougli the coininendahle pntience and moderation of the lenders of hoth 
 the great parties, l)etter results were finally gained without resort to such 
 deplorable means. Perhaps they were insensibly controlled by a large 
 and thoughtful body of men, not organized as a party, however, whose 
 Joyal disposition and dislike of change from mere love of novelty, 
 rendered it both unirisn and uniia/e for the extremists to press their 
 notions ttx) urgently (»r too far. This moderate, unorganized party were 
 not averse to reasonable changes in the motlo of administration of public 
 affair — to such changes as would increase the liberties of the subject 
 without diminishing the rights and powers vested in the sovereign, and 
 would thus preserve the proper balance of authority, and the security and 
 stability of government. It may be said, as a general truth, to have 
 been led by the clergy, who, to their honour be it said, in public and in 
 private, without regard to denominational distinctions, used all their 
 influence on the side of mutual moderation and forbearance. 
 
 So heated had become the partisanship of the extremists of both the 
 parties, that reason and persuasion lost their powers, argument led to no 
 beneficial result, and conversation on political subjects but too frequently 
 led to personal .ncrimination and insult. Families hitherto socially 
 united became estranged from each other, and even the members of the 
 same family, having taken different sides on the topics agitating the 
 public mind, severed all friendly intercourse and in some cases unhappily 
 became the inveterate enemies of each other. 
 
 No man knew Ijetter than Mr. Johnstone that in this condition of the 
 body politic there was great danger that reform might degenerate into 
 disorganization, and that iii -considered measures might be adopted, not 
 only subversive of the existing form of government, but destructive to 
 the best interests of the people themselves, who, notwithstanding all 
 that was said to the contrary, always received his warmest sympathies, 
 and whose welfare he most sincerely desired. In evidence of this we 
 quote a passage or two from his celebrated Mason hall speech delivered 
 in March, 1840. 
 
 " I do not attend here to sustain any party or anj' peculiar line of politics, but 
 to vindicate the ))odies to which I belong from imputations which have been cast 
 upon them. I am not here to court applause on the one side or the other. Ever 
 since I came into public life — not on my own solicitations but because I was called 
 to it and thought it my duty to respond to the call — I have endeavoured to occupy 
 a position, which left mo not without a hope of being useful. . . . The Province is 
 not my liirthplace, liiit it is the birthplace of my children, and my honour ar.;l 
 interests are all bound up in Nova Scotia. 
 
 " Mr. Howe uttered a sentiment which was cheered by you, and heartily do I 
 respond to it. He sditl that he wanted to see the institutions of the country such 
 that the poorest Iray might see the highest situations within his reach by means of 
 intelligence and integrity, and with my whole heart I say amen. . . . Although I 
 
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 445 
 
 hold office, I am a Di«Henter, and I am oiio who holds no liigh Tory principles, and 
 never did. When I was ottered ii seat in the Council, from choice I refrained from 
 it, and continued to do so while it was u matter of choice, anil only consented to 
 accept wiien it apjieared to be my duty, and I felt that as a Crown ofhcer and 
 Dissenter that my influence niigiit Ite diiected for the pulilic good." 
 
 In relation to responsible ^'overnnient he said : 
 
 " I do not oppose it on the nuiin principle, if I oppose it at all. It means, as I 
 iniderstand the subject, the assimilation of the (io\-ernment of the I'rovince to the 
 Government of the Mother Country, and the j)owcr of the House of Assenddy to that 
 of the House of Commons. I am not speaking as a partisan ; I am addressing you 
 sincerely, on your dearest interests, in which .i false step may lead to great evils. 
 If the new system were the blessing spoken of — if it included a sound constitution 
 and wholesome institutions well administered, it would l)e desirable ; but W 
 cautious how you make changes. " 
 
 These extracts ought :o convince the most sceptical that Mr. John- 
 stone was anything hut the stereotyped Tory that it was the fashion, 
 in certain circles, at that time, to regard him. To his wise suggestions 
 and moderation of sentiment, the people of this province are largely 
 indebted for the gradual and safe development of the great change in the 
 ad(ninistratiou of its affairs which was about being introduced. 
 
 The period now approached when, at the earnest solicitation of many 
 and influential friends, and in obedience to what seemed the call of duty, 
 he resolved to seek a seat in tlie Assembly ; and he at once resolved to 
 appeal to the county where a large portion of his youthful days had been 
 spent ; besides, in Annapolis he was a freeholder, and therefore possessed 
 of the qualification required of a candidate under the system then 
 prevailing. 
 
 The writer well remembers the clamour that ensued when the 
 announcement was made that he intended to contest the seat for the 
 county against the late member, Mr. S. B. Chipman. The Reformers 
 raised the cry of "lawyer" and "non-resident," and to influence the 
 vote of Churchmen, they were reminded that he was an apostate from 
 that Church ; and the Baptists were told that, though he had attached 
 himself to their communion, he was an interested convert, and insincere 
 in his professions. Political parties were not then so distinctly defined 
 as they became a little later on, and the canvass began under any but 
 favourable circumstances. His own denomination — the Baptists — were 
 divided, and a majority* of them opposed him with much bitterness and 
 determination ; but it must in fairness be added that those of them who 
 gave him their support manifested an equal warmth and earnestness in his 
 behalf. The election took place under the old system, and the polling 
 continued for several days. At the close of each succeeding day, while 
 
 * I have always supposed the majority of the Baptists support-ed him. — [Eu.] 
 
44() HISTOHV ^)V ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 the scene of voting wivh in tlie western sections of the county, Mr. John- 
 stone continued to lead the poll, with cj)nstuntly augmented majorities. 
 This was a favourable symptom of the final result ; hut it was w(fll known 
 that he must bring to the east such a majority as could not be reached 
 by his opponent, whose strength A'as known to bts in that direction. In 
 conse(|uence of tliis liis election was virtually assured bttforo the voting 
 was transferred to Lawrencetown, wiiere Mr. Chipman resided, who, 
 finding success on his side hopt'less, resigned the contest, leaving his 
 antagonist to be returned by u majority of 377 votes. He was then, 
 in 1843, fifty -one years of age, and had Ijeen thirty years in the active 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 Among the measures introduced by Mr. Johnstone and passed by this 
 Assembly none, in public utility, e(|ualled that usually known as the 
 "Simultaneous Polling Act," under the provisions of which tlie counties 
 were divided into convenient districts or wards, in which the polling was 
 to take place on the same day. By this means large gatherings of the 
 electors were rendered impossible, and in consecjuence much of the noise, 
 drunkenness, fighting and other indecorums, which too often marked 
 these events in previous years, were avoided or materially lessened, and 
 much valuable time conserved to the electors themselves. This bill 
 became law on the seventeenth day of March, 1847, and was reduced to 
 practice with eminent success in the same year in which it was passed. 
 The Assembly having been dissolved by lapse of time, writs were issued 
 for calling a new one, and Mr. Johnstone announced himself a candidate 
 a second time. He was opposed by Mr. Samuel B. Chipman, who, not 
 daunted by his former defeat, became the standard-bearer of the Liberal 
 party, and went to the polls with what he declared a fair prospect of 
 success. The canvass had been, as was usually the case in the county, 
 a very thorough and animated one, but the termination of the contest 
 proved that the popularity of his adversary had not been diminished, as 
 he gained the seat by a majority of 267 votes, and his colleagues were 
 returned for the townships of Annapolis and Granville. 
 
 The elections throughout the Province generally, however, had been 
 adverse to the Conservatives, who resigned and gave place to a Liberal 
 adminiscration. Mr. Johnstone being chosen as the leader of the 
 Opposition, he continued to act in that capacity for the ten following 
 years, during which his brilliant qualities were as conspicuously exhibited 
 as they could have been as the leader of a government. The lasi session 
 of this Assembly witnessed a series of stormy debates on a variety of 
 subjects — railways, elective councils, tariff, etc. — in all of which he took 
 a leading part. He opposed the passage of a bill for the creating a 
 franchise dependent on the assessment rolls without further revision, and 
 declaimed earnestly and eloquently against it, declaring that its provisions 
 
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 447 
 
 were fraught witli great evils and injury to tin; Provinco, tlirnugh the 
 manipulation of the assessment hy tlislionest asMeHsors, for party political 
 purposes. On the tarirt' (juestion he «|K)ke in these words :* 
 
 " That as tliiH wiih the liiHt hi-hhIoii of tliu Hoiim;, liu liad i-oiicIiiiUmI on Hocnnil 
 tliuiiglit not to iiitrotluco a rcHoliitioii which ho hail jimt ])ro|)aruil, hut which hts 
 would read aH pro|)ouiiditig his vicwH on thu Huhjtsct Imforc the Houmc. He iiad lieen 
 very niucli Htnick with an cxprcHMion in the spuci'h of the I'reHidunt of tiio United 
 Stntet; tiint it waH thu true policy of that lar){u coniinurciul nation to lay their diitioH 
 HO :i!i to aUHwer the douhlu pnrpoMe of revenue anil protection of home indiiHtry. 
 Thin hf hf/ieirit iras our triD' /idUci/. Could we indeed enjoy free ti'ude in its proper 
 aense, he had no doubt it would he hoxt for Nova Scotia ; hut mu long uh the 
 United StateR of America laid our exports under hurdenHome and almost prohiliitory 
 dutioH, it was absurd to talk of free trade. Between the altered policy of Kngland 
 and the determination of the United HtatcH to adhere to hor distinctive HyHteni, the 
 colonies were crushed and crippled, and it was now time for Nova Scotia to protect, 
 as far as she had the power, the products of her soil and the industry of her inhabi- 
 tants. The resolution is as follows : Resolved, ' That the policy required ii; that 
 the duties levied for the purposes of revenue should Imj regulated by such a tariff as 
 will afford for us a high practical encouragement to the productions and industries 
 of the country.' " 
 
 To the policy of constructing the Nova Scotia railways by the Govern- 
 ment, as public works, he offered a most able and strenuous opposition, 
 declaring himself favourable to the method of granting subventions to 
 such companies as might be willing to undertake to build them — a policy 
 which, though not adopted at that time, has since been recognized as 
 more conducive to the public interests and general welfare. During this 
 session it was that he moved resolutions affirming the propriety of making 
 the Legislative Council an elective body, which he enforced in a logical 
 and forcible speech, which had a considerable effect upon the public 
 opinion of the country in favour of such a measure. 
 
 The general election of 1851 found Mr. Johnstone again soliciting the 
 suffrages of the people of Annapolis, and for a third time he was opposed 
 by the Liberals in the person of their old champion, Mr. S. B. Chipman, 
 but he was again returned by a majority of 275 votes. The elections, 
 however, still left Mr. Johnstone without a plurality of votes in the new 
 Assembly, and he was forced to continue his services to the country as 
 the leader of an increased and vigorous Opposition. 
 
 The railw.ay question was the "burning" one Oi *.he day. The Gov- 
 ernment had declared in favour of the policy of building it as a public 
 work — a policy which Mr. Johnstone, as we have before stated, opposed 
 with all his powers. In his first speech upon the subject, on the third 
 
 *The reader will perhaps be surprised to find that Mr. Johnstone so clearly 
 stated and endorsed the " National Policy " of to-day, nearly thirty years before 
 its adoption by the Parliament of the Dominion, yet the speech and resolution above 
 quoted are clear proofs of the fact. 
 
44H HISTOKY OF ANN/H'<>I,IH. 
 
 day of Kebruury, \M'2, in replying to «oiiu' stiit«Mii»Mit« miul(! hy a HHMiiber 
 for Kiii^M County, h»' addiv'ssed tli«f llousf an follows : 
 
 "The lionoiii'iklilc ^I'litlcnmii ('(iniplaiiiii of my intluxiliility <•' t'liiiiai'tcr ; that 
 may Ik; one of my cliHi'iit'ti-rixtius, nixl, if ho, I am itfraiil it '.» rather too hit u to 
 t'Diiimi'iu.'o thu work of aiiifixliiifiit in thin particiilur. Howi'vcr, I am not <li8|>oNiMl 
 lo rugret ilM poHHeHition, anil certainly tlicru \h no Miiltjcct to wliii'h I can loolt liauk 
 with nioru (.-ontoiitniunt, and u|M)n wliicli I ft'd U'mh inclineil to alter my (tonrHo of 
 action, than the iinhjcct of the railway. 1 havu heretofore expreHHed in no nieaHured 
 terniM, my iMilief that the exeention of this work hy (ioverrnnent wonid prove 
 injnriouH to tiie welfare of the Province." 
 
 Tliis struggle, w) far aH it related to tlin adoption of a policy, ended 
 for a time in forcing the Government to accept the Faciiity Bill« of the 
 Opposition. Mr. Annand, in liis " Public S()eeches and Letters," Vol. 
 II., page 152, says : "The House, though there was a clear majority to 
 sustain the Government, became equally divided and brought to a dead- 
 lock on the railway ({uestion. . , . Mr. Howe abandoned the field, 
 offering to pass the Facility Bills required by the Opposition." This 
 legislation did not, however, have tlie effect Mr. Johnstone had hoped 
 for and expected, as no c pany was (irgani?ed under it during the 
 time limited for that purpose, and the Government policy was, in conse- 
 quence, revived in 1854. However, he had the gratification of knowing 
 that his measure of success had met the approval and .secured the plaudits 
 of a very large proportion of the people of the Province. 
 
 The Temperance question had recently come to the front, and at this 
 time attracted and demanded the attention of all classes of the people. 
 Early in the third decade of the century societies began to lie formed in 
 several of the counties, by individuals wlio were willing to subscribe a 
 pledge of partial abstinence from the use of alcoholic liquors ; but it 
 soon came to be felt that nothing short of total abstinence could success- 
 fully and entirely abate the evils which grew out of the abuse of these 
 stimulants, and therefore the doctrine of " teetotalism," as it was called, 
 supplanted those of partial abstinence, and out of the new opinions 
 various organizations were rapidly evolved, having the common object 
 of overcoming, and so far as possible of eradicating, the vice of drunken- 
 ness. The founders of these bodies had adopted the principle of " moral 
 suasion " as the means of accomplishing their ends. Nothing could be 
 more reasonable than this doctrine ; nothing could be more humane than 
 the desire, by such means, to reclaim the drunkard and restore him to 
 society, and much good was done by the movement while this method of 
 action remained the chief plank in the t'^mperance platform. 
 
 Heretofore the licjuor traffic had been controlled by license laws of a 
 more or less restrictive character ; but it did not require much acumen on 
 the part of the leaders of the temperance men, to draw the only logical 
 
.lAMES WII.T.IAM JOHNSTONE. 440 
 
 Hpquencc from ciTtain |tiiMni.s«'H which thry had lulitptfd an heiiif,' fuiula- 
 iiu'iitally Mouiul aiul truf, after tlicy had cnton'd upon th«t Mccorid phaw^ 
 of their nioveineiit. They declared that not tlie ahuso oidy, hut the use 
 of alcohol ill all itH forms as a tNJverage, was, though not ecpially attlic- 
 tivo in its ertects, yet in a uuiral sense, ocpially sinful, danjjerous, and to 
 be avoided ; in fact, they went further and diMiounced the moderata 
 drinker as a greater criminal than thu absolute drunkard. If the tratlic 
 in "strong drink" was the Hource of the evils to l)e abated — was in 
 itself an evil, no government could license it without sin, nor delegate 
 the power to others to do so without the sanio ofl'ence. Therefore, to 
 Ije consistent, the license laws should be abolished ; and in their place 
 they proposed to enact a hiw prohibiting tl>o manufacture, importation, 
 sale and use of all spirituous liquors, or, in other words, to substitute 
 " legal suasion " for " moral suasifm." 
 
 Mr. Johnstone was a teetotaler from choice and from principle long 
 before these movements had commenced, and there can be but little doubt 
 he had watchecl the diflferent phases they had assumed, and the many 
 changes which they had umiergone in the course of their development, 
 vvith great interest, if not at all times with unalloyed pleasure. No man 
 cou'.d be more desirous to mitigate or remove the evils caused by the 
 abuse of stimulants than he, but few men saw the whole field of battle, 
 and knew the positions of the combatants, the weak and the strong 
 points in the ranks of both armies, and the ultimate eflects of victory 
 or defeat, so clearly as he. Tt had long been a maxim with him that it 
 was a blunder to make laws in ivdvance of public opinion ;* that laws, to 
 be efTectual, should be the result of a call from the educated opinion of a 
 majority of the people whose welfare or interests they are intended to 
 secure. On one occasion in the writer's presence, a lady of the county 
 suggested that he should avail himself of the opportunity afforded by his 
 return to power to introduce an Education Act to give the people free 
 schools, based on the assessment of all. He spoke in reply somewhat as 
 follows : " Are the people prepared to tax themselves to secure the 
 advantages afTorded by free schools t Would not the more wealthy 
 among the rural population object to their taxes being increased in order 
 that their poorer neighbours might have their burdens lessened 1 Would 
 not those who had, at a very considerable expense, educated their children, 
 object to a change which would involve their continued taxation for the 
 benefit of those who possessed nothing to tax t When the first of these 
 questions can be answered in the atiirmative, and the two remaining ones 
 in the negative, by any considerable majority of the people, legislation will 
 
 * If this principle had always governed the policy of Mr. Johnstone and liis 
 successor in the leaderahip of his party, neither the School Law nor Confederation 
 would have been adopted in Nova Scotia. — [Ed.] 
 
 29 
 
+ '>0 HISTOIIV oh- AN'NAI'OLIS. 
 
 iMiCoiiU! NiitV, l)iit not otlu'rwinc. If, tlicrefon*, wi* woiilil liuvu this 
 iMvuMurt) ii(l<i|ilt!il, thu ]M-((|ilit imixt lie iiiHtruclnil hh to IIn viiliif ; it hIiouUI 
 l)«' (llHciiwMi'd ill fvi'iv <l<'l)iititig I'luli ami in fvrry iifw>|)iijM'r, iiinl at i-vt-ry 
 flrcnidf ill tin' i-oiintry. I uiii '^\iu\ tliiit you aif striviiiif to liriiiy iiliout 
 thut (.'utiilitioii of |iiiiili(' opinion on tin* siilijcct which I ho heartily ih^nirH 
 tu Men, ami without wliich no hiw can lit> iii.i<ii> a hoon or a hlustiing to tho 
 people." 
 
 Ah in tlio eduratioiial so also in tlit; tciiipcranci' inattfr; iitid it iit 
 nearly cfM'tain that Mr. JolinstiiiK; was not, at h*>art, a HUp))ortt>r of 
 the principle of enforcing; teiiiperancf hy lej^al enaetiiuMits and llu-rcfore 
 did not vt^-y di'<')ily rejirot liis failure to place such a law upon our statute 
 hooks. liut to him and liis i;ollca;.;ue, Avard Lon^'ley, we were iiid(!i)te(l 
 for many improvementM in the license laws, and in liim tlie temperance 
 fraternitieH alwuyH found a sincere friend, a wise counsellor and a th'iii 
 HUpporter. 
 
 On the occasion of tli(» general election in 18').'), Mr. .lohnstoiu- wan 
 opposed for the fourth and last time hy his old antagonist Chipman, hut 
 was again triumphantly returned as the county representative. The 
 I herals, liowever, succcn-ih'd in gaining a majority in the new Assemhly, 
 though they were not tU'stined to guide the ship of State much longer. 
 Events originating in riots on the line of railway then in course of con- 
 struction, led to a hreach between the administration and its Koman 
 Catholic supporters in the House, which finally culminateil, during the 
 second session, 1857, in an adverse vote which forced their resignation, 
 when Mr. Johnstone was called upon to ioi'in a new gov eminent, a task 
 in which he was eminently successful, accepting the Attorney-tleneral- 
 ship and the position of leader. On going hack for re-election he was 
 opposed by Mr. (late the honourable) William Caguey Whitman, but 
 was returned by a majority of 395 votes, the largest he had ever received 
 in the county. 
 
 One of the Hrst acts of the new administration was to take measures, 
 too long neglected, toward an equitable settlement of the mines <|uestion. 
 All the ungranted mines and minerals of the Province had been formerly 
 leased to the Duke of York, a younger brother of George IV^., and this 
 lease had oeen assigned or transferred to a London firm — Kundell, Ikidges 
 and Rundell — in consideration of certain moneys paid by them to the 
 creditors of His Royal Highness ; and these gentlemen formed a company 
 afterwards known as the " General Mining Association," for the purpose of 
 opening and working the mines of Nova Scotia, which thus became a close 
 monopoly during the continuance of the lease. Much dissatisfaction was 
 caused among the people of the Province by these operations. They 
 contended that the king had exceeded his powers in granting this lease 
 without the consent of their Legislature. In 1849 the Civil List Bill— 
 
.lA.MKS Wri.I.IAM .KMINSTuNi:. 451 
 
 \>y wlii«!li tlio cstiito of tln» Crown was vt'st«'il iit the I'loviiu'iiil (iovorii- 
 iiierit -Ih'ciuiio Iuw ; luul it wiis cliiiincd that no h^iHH u( thit niiru'H waH 
 any lon^**r valid without coloiiiiil sanction. Thi« niinin;^ l)usint>Hs of the 
 country was thus l)rou;,'ht to a Htandstill, luul the inti'ii-sts of all jiartios 
 t'n(lan>,'crtMl. In th«! session of iMoT, thtMoforc, Mr. Johnstone ol»tainc(I 
 power from the Legislature to appoint dele^Mtos to proceed to Kn^jland, 
 with a view to bring 'ilx'ut, if possilile, a compromise with the lessees, 
 suhj it, however, to rati(ieatio»> or rejection liy the Assonilily. In con- 
 secpience of this !»! iiiid Mr. Aflams (J. Archii)al(l — then a prominent 
 ineuilicr of the Opposition date Lieuttininit (iovornor, wore chosen by 
 the Kxeeutive as such doIegateH. Tlioy went to Londim in Juno of that 
 year, and succeeded in ellecting an arrangement with the Association, 
 which, while it secured their rights in the mines then <ipened anil worked 
 by them, conceded to Nova Scotia the ownership of all others. The 
 terms of this agreement were laid before the Assembly at its next session, 
 and after a livt^ly and full discussion, the (|U('stion to accept them was 
 carried by a vote of thir/ytiro against nuinfrrn, or by a majority t 
 thirteen votes. 
 
 A more lucky event for Nova Scotia in a financial point of view than 
 the settlement of this vexed <piestion neviM" occurred. If it had been 
 delayed four years longer, the terms thus secured would have become 
 impossible, and the Province would have been forced to await the expira- 
 tion of the lease for the recovery and resumption of its rights — rights 
 through which, at the time of writing, it derives nearly if not (juite one- 
 fifth of its revenues. In 18(51 it will be remembered that the discovery 
 of the existence of gold in this country was made, and as soon as the 
 knowledge of this important fact had reached the ears of the lessees, they 
 would, of course, have declined to entertain any terms whatever. To 
 Mr. Johnstone justly belongs the credit of having propounded the measure 
 which made a settlement possible, as soon as circumstances had placed him 
 in a position to do so ; and the highly beneficial results, which are so 
 certainly felt in this hour of her history, will be readily acknowledged 
 by every candid son of Nova Scotia. 
 
 On the 16th day of February, 1856, the Attorney-General— Young — 
 in a spoi'ch of great eloquence, moved a resolution pledging the Assembly 
 to provide the sum of one hundred and fifty guineas, to be expended in 
 the purchase of a sword, to be presented to Sir William Fenwick 
 Williams, " as a mark of the high esteem in which his character as a 
 man and a soldier, and more especially his heroic courage and constancy 
 in the defence of Kars, are held by the Legislature of his native pro- 
 vince." This resolution was seconded by Mr. Johnstone in a speech 
 equally eloquent and appropriate, in which, among other things, he 
 said : 
 
452 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 " It liiis been the singuhr iortuno of Nova Scoiians— when wo consider the com- 
 paratively .small ))oi)ul'ition of our country — to mark with pride and view with 
 lui'"". (led satisfaction the achiuvementH of their fellow countrymen abroad ; and 
 alt'iouyh wo niay liave been called to mourn their loss, wo have moui'neil them as 
 heroes A'ho have falkn covered with glory ; we have mom-ned them, but there has 
 been a pride of co\ntry in our sor''cw, for thov have braved danger and met death 
 with an undaunted trout and unwavering courage. Thus have we felt the loss uf 
 Wolsfonl ind I'arker, to many >f u- known familiarly. This resolution acknow- 
 ledges the merits of General Will 'ims, the h<?ro of Ka;'s. Wc are not c;dled upon 
 to moiun l>'m as numbered with the dead, for though we have occasion for sorrow 
 vhan we rellect tliat, from circumstances over which he had no control, he with his 
 gallant band, bas fallen into the hands of the enemy. But we find him only a 
 victim to a misfortu-.u, which, if indomitable c nirage and conaumniate skill ha<l 
 bten able to avert it, would never huve overtaken him. ... I regard the 
 achievements and position of General Willianis as unapproacheil and une(iualled in 
 tlie liislory of the prtstnt war. Many ha\e exhibited an heroic courage not to bo 
 surpassed, but he has united to tho l)rav£ry of the man the skill and military 
 capacity of the distinguished leader Ilis profc>.;ional skill in perfecting the 
 defence of Kars may bo best judged oy its terrible effectiveness on the day of 
 assault ; his talents in organizing and inspiring troops have the highest testimony 
 in the spectacle of defeated, dispirited and ill-disciplined bands winning laurels 
 that veterans mi^;ht envy, and aohit^ving a triumph in the defence of Kars that will 
 go down immortalized to posterity, a defence carried on and sustained by no mere 
 animal courage, but with cool, unalterable determination, united with provident 
 precaution and conducted with admirable skill. In reading the history of thai 
 memorable day, as contained in the graphic and eloquent despatch of General 
 Williams, which may well compare with many of the classic accounts of ancient 
 battles, one cannot fail to be impressed with a sense of his genius and ability, 
 
 . . Under these circumstances we are paying to him no vain compliment, no 
 empty honour in passing this resi' ition — we are paying vhat tribute which as Nova 
 Scotians, and the descendants of Englishmen, we feel du'3 to a native of our 
 provini;e whose achievements abroad have been charactei-ized by a courage so 
 exalted, a fortitude so invincible, and an ability so great. We are p.'ying this 
 compliment to one who, though compelled to yield to a dire necessity against which 
 neither strength, nor courage, nor intellect can contend, is yet covered with glory, 
 and who is endeared but the more to the hearts and sympathies of all true Britons, 
 and we are but claiming for our own province a share of his glory by claiming him 
 as our own." 
 
 In the session of the following year, 1857, the " Hatholic Question," 
 as it was then generally called, was ventilated in the Assembly. The 
 discussion arose upon a resolution, involving a v.-int of confidence in the 
 Liberal ministry, which was moved by Mr. Johnstone in amendment to 
 the address in reply to the speech from the throne. The debate ocnupied 
 about fourteen days, and was characterized by the exhibition of great 
 ability and elocjuence by speakers on both sides, as well as by considerable 
 acrimony and warmth. Mi. Johnstone's speech, on this occasion, 
 occupied parts of three sever. m days, ard vas perhaps the ablest effort of 
 his political life. For close ^laooning. spontaneous retort, elegance of 
 diction, and eloquence in delivery, it must always hold a foremost place 
 
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 458 
 
 in the records of such literature. To quote the whole s;peech would be 
 "''t of place in this memoir, but we cannot refuse to insert its eloijuent 
 acation, which was intended as a summary of the points made in it. 
 He said : 
 
 " If any doubt could exist as to tho imbecility of the Government last winter, 
 there is no room to doubt their woakncHs now. Rebuked, threatened, ridiculed 
 before the whole people by two of their own officers, — the Chief Railway Com- 
 missioner and the Queen's Printer, — tliey meekly submitted. At the dictates of 
 these two insubordinates, aided l)y some followers in this House, they are willing 
 to purchase leave to live by tlio unwoi lliy sacritice of a political supporter, on the 
 poor pretence of an alleged offence of the same nature, but far less aggravated in 
 degree, than thnt pei'pt'trated by those two government officials and dictators. 
 Outraging bj' their conduct a portion of tiieir firmest su])porter3, they now insult 
 their understanding by charging them with dishonour in allying themselves with 
 Protestant Conservatives of liberal principle? and practices, iind demanding that 
 they shall remain bound to Protestant Liberals wiio have abandoned in their 
 practice the liberal principles which they pi'ofessed. 
 
 " Wo are taunted on the alliance of Conservatives and Catholics as if one or both 
 wei-e tainted with j)olitical leprosj'. Sir, we i;i'e men, and as men entitled to meet 
 on the broad ground of a conmion huma'iity, for o\ir platform is, Ecpiality of Civil 
 and Religious Freedom. As Christians, I trust we are wise enough and virtuous 
 enough to know how to enjoy civil freedohi and political privileges witliout tho 
 saciifice on either side of religious independence, a blessing without which the 
 name of civil liberty were but a mockeiy. As citizens we unite in valuing the free 
 institutions of our country, and in tiie determination to uphold them, as they exist 
 in Nova Scotia, with inflexible integrity ; and I trust neither of us can claim 
 precedence in the loyalty anil i''jVi;reiice we Ijenr our Vjeloved Sovereign as the head 
 of the Empire, or in the love we cherish toward her as the brightest example '.f all 
 that adorns, elevates and ennobles her sex. 
 
 " The loyalty of Irishmen has been quentioned. I tlaro not assume the duty of 
 their vindica*^ion when Erin's own sons have so often fulfilled that office with an 
 eloquence peculiarly their own, and which 1 can never reach. I may, however, be 
 permitted to say that it does seem harsli and ungrateful that any imputation like 
 this should be ventured so recently after tho names of Alma, Inkerman and 
 Sebastopol have been added to the scroll where Britain's glories have been inscribed. 
 While yet unnioiddered lie, amid tiie heights and precipices and ravines of those 
 now historic scenes, commingling in tho same graves, the remains of Irishmen with 
 those of their fellow-countrymen — men who together met the common enemy, and 
 when the battle fiercely raged, and death reigned rampant over the field, indiscrim- 
 inating, reapetl the abounding harvest, — knew no rivalry but who foremost should 
 reach the deailliest strife, who first should pour forth his life in his country's 
 service ! Heroic men ! in their life attesting, and sealing in death the noble truth 
 though they learned it not from the classic page — Duke et decorum ent pro patria 
 
 The speech from which the foregoing extracts are made, inculcating 
 and defending principles that lie at the very [foundations of civil and 
 religious freedom, showed, in an uri'dstakable manner, the true sentiments 
 of the man. 
 
454 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 After an elaborato and elotjuent reply by Mr. Howe, a division of the 
 House was called wiien Mr. Johnstone hati the gratification to find that 
 he had carried a majority witii liim against the Government, which 
 resigned during the next day, aa we have already seen. 
 
 Among the last speeches made by Mr. Johnstone in the Assembly was 
 one on the question of a " Union of the C ilonies," or to be more exact, 
 on the " Union of the Maritime Colonies," in which he eloquently set 
 forth his views on the general subject, a few extracts from which will 
 not be considered out of place here. 
 
 " I may say tliat it has been among the first objects of my ambition, as a public 
 man, to secure a union of these colonies. This aspiration arose from the conviction 
 that it was essentially necossniy for tiie purpose of raising us up and giving us a 
 position. I know that, divided as we are, small in extent and population, we must 
 continue to occupy a very inferior position among the communities of peoples. 
 Now, it was not from any ambitious motives that I dejjrecated our condition ; not 
 from any motive of power on belialt of the comnuuiity with which I might bo 
 associated. I felt that the position we occupied was unfavourable to the elevation 
 of the body politic, and that it was antagonistic to the development of anything 
 like a large and generous and ennobled public sentiment. We cannot but feel that 
 in a small womnuuiitv, where public measures amount to matters of small general 
 moment, where part!"3 are brought into personal collision so closely, and personal 
 interests and feelings are necessarily nuide prominent objects and motives of action, 
 it is inv,ii,,-3ibii: there can be that unanimity of feeling, that enlargement of view, 
 that elsvati'Mi of purpose which is so desirable in every country. Therefore, it was 
 that I, !i,s U-' inhabitant of this country, the home of myself and my children after 
 me, felt tij't my first duty was to endeavour to create this enlargement and 
 elevation oi pub'nc sentiment by extending the sphere of political action, which 
 could only be done by a union of the British North American Provinces, of the 
 Queen's subjects on this side of the Atlantic." 
 
 After comparing the political condition of the colonies with that of 
 the United States, he said : 
 
 " In early life I held strong democratic sentiments, for, strange to say, though I 
 have been called a leading Tory in Nova Scotia, I was in my youth actuated by the 
 Whig principles of English statesmen. I was early captivated, as many young men 
 are, with the illusions of a Republic — of a Repul)lic that was working out the great 
 problem they had taken in hand ; but reflection and i>bservation have gradually 
 sobered down this sentiment, and I feel that, however valuable a roi)ublic may be 
 for giving energy to individual action, it is wanting in that power of elevation and 
 nobility of sentiment, and responsibility of action, which can alone raise nations to 
 that high-toned condition which we desire to see, and our minds figure before us, 
 as the objects of our aspirations. I trust that that portion of this continent over 
 which the British flag is waving, will continue to possess perfect freedom of action, 
 with all the elevation and refinement which proceeil from connection with 
 .nonarchical and aristocratic institutions. "... 
 
 Returning to the subject of a union he concluded a most eloquent 
 speech in these words : 
 
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 455 
 
 " I would wish to see auoh a, union as would unite all tho parts into a homo- 
 geneous* whole, and make a jjeoplo worthy of the sourou from whence they sprung, 
 and perpetuate to all time to come, the character, name, honour, and institutiona of 
 that groat country of wliich we ai'e proud to form a jjart." 
 
 In the same year, and during the railway discussion which tliea took 
 place, Mr. Johnstone urged the necessity for the construction of the great 
 Intercolonial Railway as a means to Union, " independent of its commer- 
 cial advantage." In this same debate he paid so warm and just a com- 
 pliment to his constituents that it deserves to be recorded here. He was 
 defending himself against the ciiarge of inconsistency in proposing to 
 build the Pictou railway as a government work, — a, policy which it was 
 said was distasteful to the county lie represented, a fact of which it had 
 been supposed he was forgetful. He said : 
 
 " It may seem a strange position for me to occupy ; to Uring forward this measure 
 and state the reasons which induce me to do so. I feel in doing so I am promoting 
 the interests of the people of Nova Scotia ; and I feel I am ])romoting them in the 
 most beneficial way that is practicable ; and if any man imagines for a moment that 
 in advocating this measure, I have lost sight of the peculiar chiims that bind me to 
 tho western portion of the Province, he utterly misunderstands my character and 
 fails to appreciate my motives. Do I forget the interests of my own constituents ? 
 Do I forget the claims of tho people of Annapolis upon me ?— of that constituency 
 tliat tiirough twenty years without fail and witiiout wavering has rendered me its 
 confidence, and a large ])roportion of those who compose it more than their confi- 
 dence, — their personal aflection, respect and esteem ? Forget fhcir interests ! No ; 
 'let my right hand forget its cunning and my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth,' 
 before I forget the interests of tha'; constituency." 
 
 Mr. Johnstone's political career was now rapidly drawing to a close. 
 During thirty years he had devoted the energies of the best years of his 
 life to the public .service, — namely, from his appointment to the Solicitor- 
 Generalship, in 1834, to his resignation of the Attorney-Generalship and 
 leadership of the Government, iit 1864. During this period he had served 
 as Solicitor-General from 1834 to 1841, when he was rude Attorney- 
 General, in which capacitj' he acted from 1841 to 1848, and again from 
 1857 to 18G0, and in 1863 and 1864. Twenty out of these thirty years 
 he was the representative of this county, and since 1843 had run success- 
 fully no less than eight elections, all of which, save the last, were con- 
 tested. During the session of 1863-64 an Act was passed authorizing 
 tho appointment of an additional judge in the Supreme Court, to have 
 special jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to Equity proceedings, which 
 had formerly been vested in the Court of Chancery, so called, in a judge 
 
 * He appears to have used the word "homogeneous" as more expressive of a 
 Legislative than a Federal Union. In this same speech ho said: "I have never 
 favoui'cd a Union of tiie Provinces by way of Federation, for it did not appear to 
 tend to the great object we had in view." 
 
456 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 styled the Master of the lloUg, the title of the new judge to be "Judge 
 in Eijuity." To this position the subject of this memoir was appointed 
 on the 11th day of May, 1864, and he held the place during the remain- 
 ing per'od of his life — ^about ten years. It is a well-recognized fact that 
 he wad in this capacity a most able, painstaking and efficient judge. The 
 judgments delivered by him were marked by their clearness, general 
 soundness and great ability and learning.* 
 
 A year before Mr. Johnstone's decease he visited the south of France 
 on account of the state of his health, which had become very much 
 impaired. This course had been taken under medical advice, and it was 
 hoped that a season of rest from laborious and exhaustive mental labour 
 would so recuperate his physical system that the life of the "old man 
 eloquent " would be spared to the public for a few years longer. But this 
 was not to be. 
 
 The gentleman who for many years had been his great political antag- 
 onist — Mr. Howe — whose health was also in a shattered condition, was, 
 shi tly after, elevated to the gubernatorial chair of his native province, 
 an honour to which he was very justly entitled. Re had occupied the 
 position, however, for only a few months when he died. On the occur- 
 rence of this untoward event Mr. Johnstone was selected by the Governor- 
 General to succeed Mr. Howe, and on the receipt of the news of the 
 appointment, in France, where he then was, he notified his acceptance of 
 the position, and at once commenced his journey homeward with some- 
 what improved health, and it was earnestly hoped that his life would be 
 spared to assume the duties thus imposed on him ; but on his return to 
 England he suffered a relapse, which in a few weeks ended in his decease 
 at or near Brighton.! The event caused deep grief and disappointment 
 in the hearts of his many friends and admirers, who felt that he emin- 
 ently deserved the honour which had been conferred upon him as a suit- 
 able crowning act in recognition of his life-long and valuable services to 
 the people of Nova Scotia. 
 
 It only remains to add the following very just estimate of the character 
 of the late Judge in Eriuity, which is extracted from a book bearing the 
 title " Acadia College and Horton Academy." Dawson &, Co., Montreal, 
 1881 : 
 
 " A portraiture of more difficult execution is required to present a just idea of the 
 late Judge Johnstone. In religious discussions and questions in the church, always 
 
 * I feel bound to add that in all the qualities that make a great judge, Judge 
 Johnstone, altliough seventy-one years old when appointed, was the equal, if not tlie 
 superior, of any who had preceded him on the Bench of Nova Scotia. He possessed 
 in a most eminent degree the legal and judicial mind. His incomparable powers of 
 analysis, and ready application of legal pruK-iples to all the details of a case, and 
 force, cli;ii.rno3s and logical methods of expression, would have given him high rank 
 in any r;>urt of the Empire. — [Kd. ] 
 
 tHe was buried at Cheltenham.— [Ed.] 
 
ALFRED WHITMAN. 457 
 
 the moat modest und meekest of men, he neverthelesR was intellectually a giant. A 
 most impressive sight it was to see this man with talents which at the bar and in the 
 legislative halls could hold men hy the hour in speechless admiration, take his place 
 in meetings f the church with the manifest humility of one who felt himself ' less 
 the least.' 
 
 " In private and puhlic life, hy the natural bent of his mind as well as training, 
 Mr. Johnstone was, in the best sense of the word, a gentleman ; meanness and false- 
 hood wore ttbiiorrent to his nature, and his intercourse was marked by a delicate 
 sense ol propriety. His higher nioral perceptions also were remarkable for their 
 strength and power. Give him the maintenance or defence of a case in which, as 
 against his client, justice was denied or feebleness oppressed, and he was often known 
 to fire and soar aloft in a manner truly wonderful. On such occasions he often sur- 
 passed himself, and all classes of men, unlettered and cultivated, friends and antag- 
 onists, have equally expressed themselves with admiration of his extraordinary power. 
 Nor was this quick sense of justice and right dependent on the excitement of courts 
 or popular contests ; private and intimate intercourse no less revealed this trait in 
 Mr. .Johnstone as an original element of his moral constitution. To (me knowing him 
 autticiently, and contrasting his finely moulded character with the coarse natures of 
 many men, even in high position, how naturally and mournfully comes now the 
 exclamation, * When shall we look upon his like again ? ' " 
 
 ALFRED WHITMAN. 
 
 1844-1848, I848-18r)2, 1852-1856. 
 
 Alfred Whitman was a brother of Elnathan and a son of John 
 Whitman, and was born at Rosette in 1797. When a young man he 
 served a time as clerk and book-keeper with Phineas Lovett, who was 
 then engaged in a large West India business. Here he acquired a 
 general knowledge of trade matters, which proved of great service to 
 him in after life, and formed habits of industry and attention to business 
 which gained for him a good name and aided him in conquering success 
 in the battle of life, which he always fought in a brave and intelligent 
 spirit. 
 
 Shortly after leaving the employ of Mr. Lovett, he married Jane, 
 daughter of Thomas Spurr, and settled on the farm at Rosette, where 
 he continued to live until, failing health unfitting him to pursue .so 
 laborious a calling, he removed to the town of Annapolis and entered 
 into trade. He was thus employed when in 1840 he became a candidate 
 for the suflrages of the electors of the township of Annapolis in the 
 room of his elder brother Elnathan. He was opposed by the late Henry 
 Gates, of the township of Clements, who after a severe contest defeated 
 Mr. Whitman, obtaining the seat by a small majority. This election 
 took place during a period of ferment attending an important change in 
 the political constitution of the Province, and was characterized by great 
 warmth and acrimony. 
 
 At the general election in 1844 he again became a candidate, and 
 
458 HISTOUi OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 obtained the seat bj' acclamation. He was again returned in 1847, 1851 
 and 18r)r), and in 18.57 he was elevated to the Legislative Council, and 
 continued a member of that branch until b's death, January 27th, 18(51. 
 
 MOSES SHAW. 
 
 1855-1859, 1859-1863. 
 
 Ry the Editor. 
 
 Mr. Shaw was for the greater part of his life a merchant at Clements- 
 port. I do not know whether in his earlier years he was a supporter of 
 the Reform movement, but after the establishment of responsible govern- 
 ment, and the later struggle between Mr. Howe and Mr. Jolinstone 
 mentioned in previous pages began, he was a pronounced adherent of the 
 new Conservative party led by the latter. A man of recognized social 
 standing, good jutlgraent, and respected by people of all classes, he had 
 conferred on him, what had always theretofore been considered, the 
 honour of a Commission of the Peace. After Mr. Howe and his 
 colleagues, t-s a result of the election of 1847, succeeded to power in the 
 following year, they advised tlie Lieutenant-G«T*^ernor, Sir John Harvey, 
 to cancel all the old appointments and issue a new General Commission 
 of the Pea^c, in which the names of several of the most worthy and 
 respect* .' magistrates in each county who were Conservatives in politics 
 were omitted, that of Mr. Shaw among them ; and a very large number 
 of wai I partisans of the new Government were appointed, some of them, 
 of course, very worthy men, but some inferior in fitness and social 
 and educational qualifications to those whom they had superseded. This 
 act, so unworthy of a great statesman, and which no candid man can help 
 admitting is a stain on an otherwise brilliant record, we must assume 
 Mr. Howe himself regretted in later years. It added intensely to the 
 prevailing political bitterness ; and, on its being brought to the notice of 
 the Home Government, was severely censured, as the gentlemen afiected, 
 appointed under a former regime, held their honourable distinctions 
 during good behaviour on the faith of the Crown ; and the Lieutenant- 
 Governor was threatened with recall if he did not insist on the injury 
 done them being redressed ; but the Colonial Secretary's despatches on 
 the subject were not made public until Mr. Johnstone's second accession 
 to power ten years later. Mr. Shaw, in January, 1849, was presented 
 with an address of sympathy and confidence on this occasion, signed by 
 two hundred and fifty inhabitants of the township of Clements of both 
 political parties, among them Mr. W. H. Ray, then coming to the front 
 as a prominent Liberal ; and he was not long afterwards reinstated, as 
 were most of the other victims of this deplorable act Li party resentment. 
 
 In 1855, Mr. Shaw was returned for the township of Annapolis as a 
 
AVAIin LOXOLEY. 459 
 
 supporter of Mr. Johnstone, and in 1859 was again returned as one of 
 the three county members. During his .second term he saw fit to change 
 his political relations, and began to support the new Government which 
 had supplanted that of Mr. Johnstont; ; and was, in consequence, defeated 
 in 1863 by Mr George Whitman, now of the Legislative Council. He 
 continued in affiliation with the Liberal party until his death, Januaiy 
 23rd, 1870, aged CI. He was a staunch member of the Church of 
 England, a man of good presence and fair ability, and many amiable, 
 personal qualities. 
 
 AVARD LONGLEY. 
 
 18r)9-18(i:<, 180:1-1807. 
 
 Mr. Longley was a son of Asaph and a grandson of I.Tael Longlej', of 
 Shirley, in Massachusetts, who came to this province in 1700, or a little 
 later, and settled in Granville, probably on the farm recently owned and 
 occupied by his youngest son, the late Israel Longley. He was educated 
 in the Paividise Grammar School, after which he was employed in agri- 
 cultural pursuits until after the time of liis father's death, when he 
 disposed of his share of the estate to his elder and only brother, the late 
 Israel Longle}', and embarked in mercantile business. He was twice 
 married : (1) Anna Whitman, by whom he had one daughter, Ella, wife 
 of Reuben Harlow ; (2) Charlotte Troop, youngest daughter of the late 
 William Henry Troop, J. P., by whom he had issue. From his early 
 youth Mr. Longley manifested a fondness for books and a taste for litera- 
 ture, and by attaching himself to literar}' and debating societies, lost no 
 opportunity of improving his mental endowments and in acquiring 
 rhetorical freedom in the expression of his thoughts and opinions. At a 
 very early period in the later temperance movements, guided by the 
 organization known as the Sons of Temperance, he beciime associated 
 with that order, and in its division rooms he found " ample loom and 
 verge enough " for the culture and display of his debating powers. 
 
 The passage of the Act which changed the mixed, or township repre- 
 sentation to a purely county one opened to the township of Wilmot equal 
 franchisal rights with the other townships, and therefore gave general 
 satisfaction to that division of the county whose electors had hitherto, 
 for nearly a century, the privilege of voting for county candidates only, 
 while her sisters, Annapolis and Granville, not only voted for them, but 
 also for candidates to represent themselves as townships. 
 
 At the general election in 1859 they found themselves for the first 
 time on a perfect equality with the others, and Mr. Longley, of that 
 township, was selected, with the Hon. J. W. Johnstone and Moses Shaw, 
 Esq., of Clements, as one of the Conservative candidates. They were 
 
460 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 opposed by W. H. Ray, W. C. Whitman and Israel Longley, Esqs. — the 
 latter gentleman being Mr. Longley's brother — who had bn u chosen as 
 the Liberal standard-bearers. A vigorous canvass was made by both 
 parties, and both went to the polls certain of success ; l)ut the Conserva- 
 tives were successful by considerable majorities, and Mr. Longley was 
 thus initiated into public life as a member of the twenty-second p vliament 
 of his native province. 
 
 Mr. Longley, who had previously devoted much of his time to the 
 question of temperance, soon became an e.vponent of that cause in the 
 Assembly, one of his acts being a bill to amend the acts relating to license 
 then on the statute books. He wisely, however, refrained from taking 
 or seeking a leading part in the discussions that occui)ied the time of the 
 A'^sembly at this period, his party being then in (Opposition ; though he 
 could not resist the impulse to make a spirited attack on two of the 
 members, who, having been elected by the Conservatives, had subse- 
 quently yielded their support to the Government. 
 
 In 1863 Mr. Longley was again returned — and this time at the head 
 of the poll — with his colleagues Mr. Johnstone and Mr. George Whitman 
 — the latter of whom was brought out in the place of Mr. Shaw, who, 
 having voted against his party and joined the ranks of the Liberals, had 
 rendered himself obnoxious. Tlie Liberal candidates at this election 
 were Israel Longley, W. H. Ray, and Moses Shaw, Es(js., who were 
 defeated, but by lessened numbers, Mr. Ray falling only seventeen below 
 the Hon. Mr. Johnstone. The result of the elections throughout the 
 Province having been generally favourable, the Liberals resigned and o 
 Conservative administration was formed with Mr. Johnstone, as Attorney- 
 General, at its head. Mr. Longley was appointed on the Committee of 
 Public Accounts, and on that connected with reporting and printing. 
 Laborious, diligent and conscientious, his services as a committee-man 
 were highly esteemed, and never without fruitful results. In December, 
 18("4, he was appointed Commissioner of Railways for Nova Scotia, and 
 fillea the office with ability until June, 1869. We shall now proceed to 
 give a ttw extracts from some of his many parliamentary speeches made 
 in this Assembly. On the question of the Pictou Railway he said : 
 
 " I would not say a single word on the question l)eforo us if I did not occupy a 
 somewhat peculiar position. Since the inception of railways in this province I have 
 stood opposed to them, in this House and out of it, and in my own county particu- 
 larly have again and again spoken against the construction of railways ))y Government. 
 I feel it, therefore, necessary for my own sake to furnish some reasons to my consti- 
 tuents for giving my support to this measure. I may say that were the question 
 now before the Legislature whether we should begin the construction of railways by 
 Government or not, I have no hesitation in saying that I would oppose the under- 
 taking by that policy ; but we are all familiar with the argument based on the fact 
 that we have got them, and that there has already beon a large expenditiu-e of 
 
AVAHD LONULEY. 461 
 
 money inade in i^onni-ction with tlioHii workA. It hci'mih t<i mo tlmt it can Un clt-arly 
 shown tliat it iH not only for tho inturcHtH of thi- County of l'ii;tou, and other 
 coiintieH to the eastwai'il, Imt really fof the iiitereHtM of the whole (Miinitry that the 
 railway nIiouM he fiirthei' ("xtended, not only to the (iiilf of St. Lawrence, hut aUo, 
 at no <liittant day, to the countieH lying west of the terminuH at WindHor. . . . 
 At tho tii^ie the railway syHtem of thin province wuh comnieiiced, and a million of 
 poundu expended in connection with the undertaking, it waw nevei' contemjilated, 
 either hy the HupporterH of railways hy < iovernment, or l»y tlume who opposed that 
 policy, that the railway, having reached certain puintH Hhould remain utationary. It 
 wiiH holioved that the time would arrive when it woidd l»e necessary to extend it hoth 
 east and west ; and I helieve that the tinu; has now arrived, and it is the duty of 
 tho (iovernment and their present supporters to stand forward as the advocates 
 of extension. I shall not 1h) surprised if the people west express themselves with 
 somo diHap]>roval at the roatl not proceeding west siundtaneously with the extensiim 
 east, but anxious as I am to meet their wishes in this res])ect, I am persuaded tho 
 soundest policy has been adopted. To extend east and west at the same time would 
 very materially delay the completion of tho line to l'i('tou, and accomplish little or 
 nothing for the west. . . . Let us look, therefor';, hoi)efully on the future, and 
 no longer stand in dread of disasters to come. With every obligation of the country 
 met, and a surplus of .'J1(K),0(X) in the treasury at the end of the year ; with a 
 a roa<l grant including extras in excess of B.ny former period ; with the rich return 
 of our mines and minerals and general prosperity, wliy should we refuse to proceed 
 with our public works, and thus check enterprise and mar our progress to lionour 
 and future success." 
 
 In moving resolutions for tlie repeal of tlie " Act for the regulation 
 and support of Dalhousie Collegfe," which had been passed during the 
 previous session, Mr. Longley said : 
 
 '•I am not insennible to the many disadvantages under which I labour in speaking 
 at tho present time. I have not the stimulating iuHuences which operate upon the 
 mind of the Provincial Secretary this evening. A man cannot but feel a certain 
 degree of excitement when he knows he carries with him even tho sympathies of the 
 galleries. But the pidilic man who cannot withstand such influencos ought never to 
 enter public life. I fool that so far as the result of this debate is concerned it 
 would be well if I waiv id the privilege of closing this discussion, but I would be 
 untrue to myself as well as i,o a largo proportion of tho people of this country whom 
 I believe I represent on this (juostion, if I were to restrain myself from giving 
 expression to some extent of the initignant feeling which has been produced on 
 my mind this evening. , . . I do not pretend to say that in reference to this or 
 any other question I can at all reach the marked eloquence that distinguishes other 
 gentlemen in this Legislature, but I think I can say that I have put tho facts that 
 are connected with this question in a manner that is fully appreciated by a large 
 proportion of the people of this country. ... I believe that the honest, fair 
 and manly course to pursue would have been for the Presbyterian body, and I say it 
 with all respect, if they desired higher education for their young men, to have 
 imitated the example set by King's, Acadia and Sackvillo, and have raised the funds 
 to bring up the institution to such a position that they would not feel ashamed to 
 place it side by side with those of the other denominations who have done so much 
 to merit the gratitude of the people of this country. I know that as far as I am 
 able to understand the necessity of the country, and more especially as far as relates- 
 
4()2 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 
 
 to tliu |K)i!uliiir circiimxtaiii'i'H ami vicuM <>f my own ilt^iiitniiimtion, that it will l>o a 
 l(>ii){ tiiiH* Itcfin'c tlu\v art! attr.ii'ti>il from an iriHtitiitlon IiiiHhnvimI liy ho mitny 
 rt'iiiiiiiHi'iMiiH'H — an iiiHtitiition \vliii:li is iinlucil (lie ionuIi of tui! ami HclfNacriliiM', I 
 loiik forward to tliu tiiiiu, not far iliNtant, wimn tliit i|iu<Ntiori will cauMe no littlo 
 agitition in this country, ami I have Ikscii vimv conMiili-raMy intlmMU'inl in lirin^'ing 
 tluM rcHiilution forwaiil, l)y tlii; hopi' that tliiH LogiHlatiiro wimlil ncu tiii! nticrnHily of 
 |iaMHin;4 it, with a vivw of Huttling IIiIh vexed (|Uustion upon an equitaMv haHix Itofore 
 it is too lati'." 
 
 The rt'solution toudiiny a " Uiiitm ot" the .Maritimt! Colniiios," movod 
 by Dr. Tiipptsi' in tlio .sossioii of 18G4, docs not socin to liiive met tlie 
 (ippi'oval of Mr. LoMi,'lfy, thouj,'ii he afterwards supported a larger union. 
 I n speakin;^ to tliis (juestiun he said : 
 
 ".Somehow or otiiui' it appeared to Im unailvinahlo to inidnde Tanada in tliia 
 arran^'oment, l)ut he was inelinuil to think, if there iti to be any iniion at all, it 
 xhould lie onu of all the provinces. . , . A gr i.t deal of importaneu Iuih liiion 
 attai'hed to the argmnent that this union would afford a wider field of aetion for 
 our ])olitieianH, and thereliy soften the HHperitiuH that arise in a eontraeted sphere of 
 politieal aetion. He had little doubt there were several leading gentlemen in these 
 provinees whose aniliition sougiit a wider raii:<e, and it was eertainly a great pity 
 that their desires eoiild not lie gratified. He looked upon the geograpliieal iiiisition 
 of this province as far superior to that of any of the others, and its resources and 
 fiiiamial conditions were eiiually superior, aiul he felt it w<iulil be unwise to 
 jeopardise a condition of things so eminently satisfactory. Ho <lid not accede to 
 the doctrine that a unioii wouM abate sectional jealousies and personal animosities. 
 Ho was very far from believing that a union was going to mitigate any existing evil, 
 but was rather inclined to the opinion that it would bring into play various 
 influences and interests that we should rather seek to avoid." 
 
 In this very momentous session ho lent his most earnest assistance in 
 the passage of the Education Bill which had for its objects the establish- 
 ment of free schools throughout the Province, and the general elevation 
 of the character of the instruction to be imparted in them. This Act, 
 notwithstanding its obvious utility, was for a time very unpopular among 
 a certain class of iiiHuential voters thioughout the country, and in no 
 county more so than in Annapolis. Men who had for many years con- 
 tributed generously for educational purpose.s, and who had educated their 
 sons and daughters at their own expense, thought it a hardship if not an 
 injustice to be forced to assist in the education of others by the payment 
 of taxes for that purpose, and this feeling told strongly in the coming 
 elections. Not even the anti-union excitement of that day acted more 
 injuriously to the candidates who had been members of the late As- 
 sembly. It is scarcely to be wondered at, therefore, that Mr. Longley 
 suffered a defeat in the battle of 1867, when he contested the seat for 
 the House of Commons. Nor had the ferment been so far diminished as 
 to enable him to obtain a seat in the Local Assembly in 1871, having 
 with his colleague, T. \V. Chesley, suffered another defeat. But with 
 
AVAIII) LONdLEY. 4(53 
 
 n porsiNtonce thiit ciiiiiiot l»ut l»t! rcj^ardml as liojicful lio contrMUsfl tlio 
 si'iit for tho CoiiiinoiiH with Culmicl liny, whootico morn lM>ro hin staiKJard 
 ti) victory, lioatt^ii, l)ut not dispirited, lit; icsolvcd to seek a noat in tlie 
 Local HouHO in i87<(, and witli Mr. William H. Troop for a colleaj^uj he 
 onco mont appealt^d to his old constituoncy, and aftiM' a Hharp contli'.t huc- 
 ceedod in snatchinj^ th»! honoiirs from his oppomsntH, ^^»'HHit'urH Mijnt and 
 Parker. In 1H7H he for the third time hecame a candidatt! in rpjtosition 
 to Mr. Itay for the seat in tho Parliament of the iJuminion, and succeeded, 
 after a close canvass, in scoring a consoling victory, but retiied from active 
 public life at the expiration of that parliament in 1H8l2, an>l died on the 
 morning of his sixtieth birthday, February 22nd, 1H8I. Mr. Longley 
 was on several occasions Chairman of tho liaptist Cor.voiition of the 
 Maritime Provinces. 
 
 Ah a speaker lie is not to bo placed among our i)oniinion orators, 
 though he was c<»nsiderably above mediocrity in tha'., i)articular, and not 
 witln)Ut occasional elcKjuenco and force, while his enunciation was distinct 
 and his diction agreeable. He took a groat interest in tho improvement 
 of stock, and the creation of cheese factories ; and by word and deed 
 ac(|uired distinguished recognition as a fri.'iid to the gi-eat cause of 
 Temperance, having at various times been .ip|)ointed to first positions in 
 the different organizations formed for tho furtherance of its principles. 
 
 ,^ Throe other members of the pre-confederation Parliament of Nova 
 Scotia from this county, still survive among us, and the editor expresses 
 a hope that the day is long distant when t le " Memoir " of either of them 
 will require to be written. T. D. Ruogles, Esq., Q.C, of Bridgetown 
 (1857-1859), retired from the political a "eua after two years' service, 
 and could never be induced to re-enter it. Hon. trEoucK Whitman, 
 of Round Hill (18G3-1867), and Hon. W. H. Ray, of Clementsport 
 (1865-1867), are now useful and active iiembers of the Legislative 
 Council. 
 
lUOC.KArillCAL AM) GI-NKALOCKAK SKKTCIIKS 
 
 IIK TIIK 
 
 FAMILIES UK THK KAULY KN(JLISll SKTTriKIJS AND CHANTEKH 
 OF THE COINTY OF ANNAI'OfilS. 
 
 KXI'LANATION OK SHINS AND AltHHKVIATIONS. 
 
 Shins : Tliu hiiihH tiKur<i ovi^r a Cliiisliiiii ih'iiio iloiiotoR tlio ){unoriitiiin in whirli 
 the |>erHon is reniovuil fniiii tli« lUKtcHlor frniii whom IiIh iluHi^unt Ih triicnil ; tliim 
 JdIiii ■ ili'iioluH tliiit John JH tht! iitii^'Mloi', John,' or JiunoH,'' the Hoconil gunut'iition, 
 oi' Hon of thu unntmtor, ami ho on, fori-itch ^t'ncriition. 
 
 Tho Uoimin nuimtralH on tlii^ lt<fl of the Mani(:h of chihli't'ii in a family aro in- 
 tumluil to (l(!not<! l\u' oi'ilor of thtMr Itirthi', whiio an occaiiional Araliii: numeral Htill 
 furthur to thu h)ft inilit^atiw that tin; pcrHiii ho numlx^rod and IiIh family will bo 
 nioro fnlly treated and thu gonualogy in iiih line ex|)andu<l under that niimher 
 furthiT on. 
 
 AiiiiKKViATiONS : h., horn : f\., iticil, nT iliail ; liu., hiiriiil ; m., marrii'd ; iiniii., 
 nnmnrriid ; ch,, child, or rhl/drm ; g. fh., iirniidrlii/d, or ijniiidrhi/dn u ; gt, , yirdl ; 
 «., HUH ; dau., dauijIUtr ; w., iri/f ; wid., iridiiw ; l)j)d., iHt/iliztd ; u., ai/til. 
 
 AiiMSTiioNfi. KiciiAiiD AuMSTiioNn, h. 174!), aceonlin',- to trudition n 
 native of Dundee, but wJio IiikI lived in his l)oyliood and early youth on 
 tho border, came to Halifax in 1770 ; and it is said either the late Joseph 
 VVinniett, or the late Thomas Williams induced him to come to Annap- 
 olis, and employed him for a f«fw years in farmin>( operations. In 1770 
 he had remove<l to (Jranville for he was on duty in that year as one of 
 the garrison in the old Scotch fort, in anticipation of an expected attack 
 by troops from the revolted colonies. Here he became ac(|uainted with 
 Catherine Schafner, whom he married about 1777. Many descendants 
 are in Digby and Kings counties and the other provinces, and one, a 
 rising barrister, in Yarmouth. 
 
 i. John Adam, b. 1778, m. 1808, Lois Phinney : Ch. : 1, Zebulon 
 Phinney, b. 1810, ni. Margaret Cochran ; 2, Ilichnrd, b. 1812, 
 m. Mary Foster (dau. of Samuel); li, Caleb, b. 1815, d. unm.; 
 4, Henrietta, b. 1818, m. Rev. Curnelius Kennedy; 5, Sampson, 
 b. 1821, d, unm. 
 
466 AKM8TRON(! — lUILEY. 
 
 ii. Jiimes, b. 1780, m. 18()(i, Ann Phinney : Ch.: 1. William, h. 1806; 
 
 2, Catharine, ni. Hopkins ; 15, Barnabas ; 4, Calvin, b. 1819, ni. 
 
 iii. Richard, b. 1782, ui. 1804, Ann Walker (dau. of Peter) : Ch. ; 
 
 1, John, b. 1805, ni. (Ist) Ruth Dunn, (2nd) Lucinda McBride ; 
 
 2, Sutton, b. 180{}, ni. IMary Ann Curry ; ;{, Walker, b. 180!), 
 ni. Eliza Bishop ; 4, Eliza Ann, m. James Lynam Marnhall ; 
 
 5, Stilman, m. Louisa Lovelace ; (i, .lames, m. (Ist) Elizabeth 
 Pearce, (2nd) Elizabeth Morse ; 7, Catharine, m. Reuben 
 Hyland ; 8, Frances, unni. 
 
 iv. George, b. 1784, m. J 814, Salome Whitman: Ch. : 1, Edward 
 Whitman, b. 1815, ni. (Ist) 1837, Lucy Worster Halfyard, 
 (2nd) 186i>, Eliza Connor; 2, George, b. 1817, unm.; 3, Anna, 
 b. 1819 ; 4, Elwood, b. 1822, m. Mary Eliza Kent ; 5, Edward, 
 b. 1824, m. Sarah Ann Curril the parents of Ernest H. Akm- 
 STRONO, Esq., barrister; 0, Adelaide, b. 1827 ; 7, Uldhani, m. 
 1846, Dorothy Rico ; 8, Schafner, m. Porter ; !), Asa, ni. (1st) 
 Ann Murphy, (2nd) Jane Furness ; 10, Thomas Ansley, m. 
 Sophia Murphy. 
 V. William, m. (Ist) 1812, Bertha Thorne, (2nd) Ann Milbury : 
 Ch.: 1, Hannah, b. 1813, m. William McMillan ; 2, Jonathan W., 
 b. 1814, m.; 3, James W., b. 1817, ni. ; 4, Sands, b. 1819, m. 
 Jane Williams ; 5, Stephen, m. Jane Clowry ; (by 2nd wife) : 
 
 6, William Henry, m. Nancy Elliott ; 7, Bertha Ann, m. Murray 
 Elliott ; 8, Sarah PI, m. Aaron Bolsor ; 9, Maria Sands, m. 
 William Slooomb ; 10, Charles I., m. Amelia Runisey ; 11, David 
 H., ni. Maria S. Marshall. 
 
 vi. Francis, m. (1st) Nancy Hutton. (2nd) Mary Gilliland, me Barnes : 
 Ch. : 1, James, m. Margaret Robinson ; 2, George, m. Mary 
 Creighton ; 3, Francis; 4, Robert, d. unm.; 5, .John; 6, Jane, 
 m. Baxter ; (by 2nd wife) : 7, Charles An.sley, m. Sybil, dau. of 
 Calvin Chute ; 8, George Troop, m. Abbie Elizabeth, dau. of T. 
 Odell; 9, Catharine, b. 1825, m. Thomas Ross, J. P.; 10, Elsie, 
 m. (1st) Henry Taylor, (2nd) Philip Taylor; 11, .Fames; 
 12, Frank, m. (1st) Sarah Cossaboom, (2nd) Hannah Thurber. 
 
 vii. Charles, d. unm. 
 viii. Edward, d. unm. 
 
 ix. Nelson, m. 1825, Mary "olsor : Ch. : 1. Alice, b. 1826, m. Peter 
 Berteaux ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1828, m. .Tames Harold; 3, Abigail, 
 b. 1831, m. Benjamin Daniels ; 4, Sarah, b. 18.35, m. William 
 Somerby ; 5, Eliza Emily, b. 1837, m. Simon Goverson ; 6, Lois 
 Ann, b. 1839, m. Charles A. Drake ; 7, Catherine, b. 1842, m. 
 Hammond. 
 X. Abigail, m. Anthony Wilkins. 
 
 xi. Elizabeth, m. (1st) James Erskine, (2nd) William Mumford. 
 
 Bailey. (By the Editor.) Rev. Jacob Bailey was born in Rowley, 
 Mass., in 1731, of poor parents, and graduated at Harvard, where 
 he was a classmate of John Adams, Sir John Wentworth, and other 
 eminent men. He at first taught scliool, then became a Congregational 
 minister, and, becoming impressed with the claims of the Episcopal 
 order and authority, he went to England and was ordained in 1760. 
 When the revolution broke out he was in charge of an Episcopal Church 
 in Pownalborough, Me. Unable to agree and unite witli the majority 
 of his neighbours he was soon subjected to persecution and ill-treatment 
 of a most revolting character On September 7th, 1774, he started 
 
HAILEY. 467 
 
 for Boston, and liis diary of this journey says ; " September 8th, lodged 
 at Williams' ; ill-treated. 23rd, mobbed at Brunswick ; got home at 
 night. 2()th, abroad ; tied from the mob, lodged at George Meirs'." 
 He kept himself concealed there for two days to avoid the fury of 
 these champions of political liberty and liberty of conscience. Under 
 date October 17th of that yoar he says of the situation of the Episcopal 
 ministry of that day, "They are daily persecuted with provoking insulis, 
 loaded with shocking execrations, and alarmed with the most bloody 
 menaces, and that not by the meaner rabble, but by persons of the 
 highest distinction ; and even those who heretofore were in the greatest 
 repute for moderation, piety and tenderness, have now lost every 
 sentiment of humanity, V)ehave with the wildest fury and destruction, 
 and breatlie forth nothing but slaughter and destruction against all 
 who are unwilling to engage in their extravagant schemes." Late in 
 December, 1775, or in January, 1776, it was pioposed in a public meet- 
 ing that a Liberty-pole be erected in front of his church, and that if 
 he refused to consecrate it he should be whipped around it ; but the 
 motion was lost by a majority of two. The malcontents were satisfied on 
 this occasion by shooting his heifer and killing seven of his sheep out of 
 twelve. In October, 1777, after being concealed in his own house, he 
 managed to escape to Boston, leaving his family in distressing circum- 
 stances. On one occasion his wife and children narrowly escaped murder. 
 In 1778 he took refuge among some Loyalists in Boston, and thus 
 describes his dress before a friend in that city furnished him with 
 *'a handsome coat, jacket and breeches": "an old rusty, thread-bare 
 black coat which had been turned and the buttonholes worked with 
 thread almost white, with <a number of breaches about the elbows ; a 
 jacket of the same, much fractured about the button-holes and hanging 
 loose, occasioned by the leanness of my carcase which was at the time 
 greatly emaciated by the constant exercise of temperance : a paii of 
 breeches constructed of coarse bed-tick of a dirty yellow colour, and ■'o 
 uncouth as to suffer several repairs, in particular a perpendicular patch 
 upon each knee of a different complexion from the original piece," etc. 
 In October of that year he was " presented " b\' the grand jury for 
 preaching ' treason," the charge being based on his having rehd one of 
 the regular lessons of the day. Num. xvi. 26. After being twice fired at, 
 and sever.il times driven to roam about disguised, he 3scii.ped with his 
 family to Halifax. On his landing, he and the party who came with him 
 were struck by the inquisitive gaze of the people of the town, who 
 "flocked toward the water to indulge their curiosity." To prevent, "a 
 multitude of impertinent interrogations," he stood on the quarter-deck 
 And exclaimed aloud : " Gentlemen, we are a company of fugitives from 
 Kennebec in New England, driven by famine and persecution to take 
 
468 BAILEY — BAKEH. 
 
 refuge among you, and therefore I must entreat your candour and 
 compassion to excuse the meanness and singularity of our (h'ess." In 
 October, 1779, he settled in Cornwallis, where he remained as pastor of 
 the Church of England until 1782, when he came to Annapolis, and was 
 rector of St. Luke's Church until his death in 1808. He married, August 
 1761, Sarah, daughter of Dr. John Weeks, of Hampton, N.H , sister of 
 Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks. She died 1817, aged 75. Children who 
 survived him : 
 
 i. Charles Percy, b. May 3, 1777, Captain of Grenadiers, killed at 
 battle of Chippewa, .Inly 5, 1815. 
 
 ii. Rebecca Lavinia, b. 1780, d. Jan. 4, 1827. 
 
 iii. Charlotte Maria, bpd. Feb. li, 1784, d. June, 1857. 
 
 iv. Thomas Henry, bpd. May 11, 178G, m. Elizabeth Ward (English), d. 
 March .31, 1824. She d. June, 1882, aged 94. He was prominent 
 as a militia officer, barrack -master, etc., and had ch. : 1, Mary 
 Eliza, b. Sept. 29, 1812, d. June, 1827 ; 2, Elizabeth, b. Dec. 
 17, 1815, d. Oct., 18.32.; 3, Charlotte Wybault, b. Dec. 5, 1817, 
 d. 1889; 4, Martha Ann, b. Aug. 27, 1819; 5, Sarah Jane, 
 b. March 30, 1821. 
 V. William Gilbert, b. June 8, 1788, was a gifted and successful 
 lawyer ; ni. 1809, Elizabeth, 2nd dau. of Col. James De Lancey, 
 and d. May 26, 1822. She d. Dec, 1836, aged 47. Ch.: 1, 
 William, b. 1813, d. ; 2, Maria Eliza, m. Jan. 23, 18.34, Peter 
 Bonnett ; 3, Mary Freer, b. 1820 ; had also by a second wife 
 (Maria Mence), Hafiz Bailey, removed to New York, and Stathcrn 
 Bailey, long a Justice of the Peace, who has left a highly respec- 
 table posterity in the county. 
 
 vi. Elizabeth Ann, bpd. Jan., 1792, m. Jan. 14, 181fi, James V\ hitman. 
 
 Baker. John Baker was a descendant, perhaps grandson, of Thomas 
 Baker, who emigrated from Norwich, England. (There was a Thomas 
 Baker, born in Kent, where his ancestors had held land since the days of 
 Henry III., and who came to America in 1635, and settled at Roxbury 
 — a leading man, and friend of John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians. 
 Many of his posterity have become noted. In 1637 John Baker, born 
 in Norwich, grocer, aged 39, with wife Elizabeth, aged 31, and children 
 Elizabeth, John and Thomas, and " 4 saruants," came over to Charles- 
 town, being with a number of others chartered to sail in the John and 
 Dorothy, and the Rose. This is evidently the one from whom our author 
 derives tl^e Bakers of Wilmot. See Drake's " Founders of New Eng- 
 land," p. 44. — Ed.) He first settled about 1760, on some of the vacated 
 French lands in the Annapolis valley, but sold out and removed to the 
 eastern division, and finally settled in Wilmot.* He married in Massa- 
 chusetts, Persis Wheeler, and had children : 
 
 i. John, m. Mary Reagh ; Ch. : 1, Calvin, m. Charlotte Tupper ; 
 2, Luther, ni. Elizabeth Stronach ; 3, Henry, ni. Eunice Bowlby, 
 nee Tupper ; 4, Ward, m. Hannah Saunders ; 6, John, m. (Ist) 
 Elizabeth Gates, (2nd) Isabel Smith, Me Fales ; 0, Mury, d. unm. 
 
 • He is said to have been a brotlier of Col. Jacol) Baker, of Philadelphia, whose 
 estate is now worth §40,000,000. 
 
BAKER — BALCOM. 469 
 
 ii. Judith, 111. John Gates. 
 
 iii. Jacob, m. Sarah Fales : Ch.: 1, Mauley, cl. uiim ; 2, Mary, m. (Ist) 
 Edward fJoucher, (2nd) John Randall (son of David) ; H, Betsey, 
 111. Issachar Harris ; 4, Maria, m. John Baker ; 6, Marshall, d. 
 uniu. ; <i, Seraph, in. Alexander Clark ; 7, Harriet, in. Andrew 
 Harris ; 8, Thomas, in. Mary Berteaux ; 0, Hepzibah, d. unin.; 
 
 10, Susan, m. Samuel Downie ; 11, Jacob Gilbert, ni. (Ist) Mary 
 Clarke, (2nd) Rachel Downie. 
 
 iv. Sarah, m. .James Moody. 
 V. Hepzibah, m. Jonas Gates, 
 vi. Henry, m. (Ist) — Orocker, (2nd) — Ward: Ch.: 1, John, m. 
 
 Maria Baker; 2, Eliza'^'jth, ui. Robert Sproul ; 3, Susan, m. 
 
 John McGregor ; 4, Mary, m. Thomas Cousins ; 5, Sophia, m. 
 
 Elliott Sproule ; 6, Azubah, m. William Tupper ; 7, Eunice, in. 
 
 Heniy Pearce ; 8, Taniar, in. Isaac Spinney ; (by 2nd -wife) : 
 
 9, Nelson, ni. Mary Bowlby (no issue); 10, Jacob, d. unm. ; 
 
 11, H>}nry, in. Charlotte Ray. 
 
 vii. Joab, ni 1804, Mary Nichols: Ch. : 1, William, b. 1805, d. unm.; 
 2, Jan-1, b. 1807; "S William, b. 1809, m. Ann McGregor; 4, 
 James Parker, b. 1812, ui. droline Banks ; 5, Robert, b. 1815, 
 m. Catharine Ward ; G, M;.rgaret, b. 1817 ; 7, Charlotte, b. 1817. 
 
 Balcom. Jony and Isaac Balcom were probably .sons of Silas Balcom, 
 who came with, or shortly before, Samuel, presumably his brother, one 
 being in Granville in 1770, the other three years earlier. They were 
 probably sons of Samuel and grandsons of Henry and Elizabetli, who 
 were living in Massachusetts in 1668, and came among the settlers of 
 1760. The name is derived from the Celtic hal, a town, and the old 
 English combe, a little valley, and would indicate that the remote 
 ancestor from whom it was derived was a resident of some place known 
 as "the village of the valley." The name occurs in tlie list of the 
 soldiers sent from the old colonies to the head of the Bay of Fundy 
 in 1755, for the purpose of seizing the French region, and among those 
 who participated in the final capture of Louisburg, in 1 768. The main 
 branches of the family settled at Paradise. Among the descendants of 
 these two brothers have been several medical men and clergymen, and 
 the more recent members of the family have dispersed themselves into 
 various regions on the continent. Samuel Balcom married Mary Brigham 
 in Massachusetts, and had children born in this county : 
 
 i. Henry, b. 1708, d. 1850, m. Ann Morse, who was b. 1770, d. 1860, 
 and had ch. : 1, Jonas, b. 1797, m. Salome Parker ; 2, Ann, b. 
 1799, m. (Ist) Silas Parker, (2nd) Joseph Wade ; 3, Elizabeth, b. 
 1803 ; 4, Lucy, b. 1805, m. Jacob Diirland, jun. ; and probably 
 one or more others, 
 ii. Jonas, b. 1770, m. Miss McLeay, of East Halifax County, and was 
 ancestor of the late Henry Balcom, formerly M.P.P. for Halifax 
 East. 
 iii. Reuben, b. 1772, m., 1796, Phcebe Messenger, and had ch. : 1, 
 Lydia, b. 1797, m. Jacob Durland ; 2, Mary, b. 1799, m. Rev. 
 Obed Parker ; 3, Samuel, b. 1801, m. Lucy Parker ; 4, Ebenezer, 
 b. 1803, m. Helen Longley ; 5, Maria, b. 1806, d. 1806 ; 6, 
 Reuben, b. 1811, m. Dorcas Emily Longley ; 7, Lovicia, b. 1814, 
 d. unm. ; 8, Eliza, b. 1816, m. Ob-\diah Neily ; 9, William Elder, 
 b. 1819, m. (in N. B.). 
 
470 
 
 HALroM HAI,T/OU. 
 
 iv. .liiNtipli Itrixliitiii, li. I7V-I, III., IHOI, I'liirliti TiiftN, uikI IiikI rli. 
 I, MiluN, It, IHU',^, III. (\h\.) Anil V'ikiiliiml.irk ; CJiui) AiiiImii'iiiiiii, 
 wirl. ; li, Mdjof, I). IMO'I, m, Miiry Uoiix ; .'!, Iwkviiiiit, I). IH(»»J, m. 
 Ji/lill KoiliNoli ; 4, Aillrliii, li. IHOH, <l. illllii. ; i>, VVillilkln, li. IHIII, 
 il. iiiiiii. ; <■(, Maviil liHiiiH, li. IMIiJ, m. Mary VVilliiM, ; 7, Sttrftfiliiiiu 
 Anil, II. Ihl.'i, III. I'ltiil AnilMtrinitii ; H, I'liillJH, li. \H\i\, il iiriiii.; 
 !), 'riiiiri'.hii, II. iHIt), (I. IIIIIII.; 10, l/iinniii'ii, li. IK'Jl, in. ■IikmiI* 
 l)iirlitiiil, jiiii. ; II, .luHii|i)i Allxn, li. IH'^M, in. I.wicn ; 12, KiiiiiiK'l 
 JiiiJHoii, l>. H'J7. III. Kli/,tUn)Ui iSiuikH ; l.'i, .Ioiihh W. JI., \>. IH'ZU, 
 III. Miti'v hiiiikH. 
 
 V. Miiidli, li, I77<», III. 'iimrgo iStiirraU., 
 
 vi. Amh, b. I77H, li. iiniii. 
 
 vii. Ijii<;y, l>. I7H0, m. IHO.'l, Atn!ilii(!t<(. I'arkur. 
 viii. -, I). I7H2, III, .Joliii .Mrf/'diiiiick. 
 
 ix. I.yiiiii, h. I7H0, III. Al/ijiiii I'urkrr. 
 
 Hii.AH l'.At,(,(»,M iiiatri<!tl Husiin iiikI IukI cliildnrii : 
 
 I. 
 ii. 
 iii. 
 
 IV. 
 V. 
 
 vi. 
 vii. 
 viii. 
 
 ix. 
 
 X. 
 
 xi. 
 xii. 
 
 Alii^i, ni. (liiiij) Miuy \'iilfiit.in(i, 
 |{.iu:li<!l. III. Iionjitinin lluirm. 
 
 ■ ■ ' I7!t'.<. Klli:i. <;iliii..r.!, \,. I77i^, iind liiul i:li.: I, 
 
 2, .luiiiiiM, II. I7'.H, Ml. IHUi, Miiry 
 (iiliii f'di.tor ; •!, .M/iryin'ot, 
 
 .liiliii, II. I77(>, III 
 
 WlllwilM, II. I7t)li, <l lllllll., >., .,.i,,,'.n 
 
 I'.itt.tr, II, I7!«i; •">. .Muiy, li, I7!i'>. m , ., „- 
 
 Ann, II. 17"!*, in. .Imn^pli I'uM.iir ; i», SuMun, li. IHOI, in. AiiiIiiohi; 
 
 Urn!. Cnri iftHiK!) ; fi, .lolin, in, ''JMt,) (,'iillii^i'iiM! \,i;wi:, ''JiiO) IMfurif.t 
 
 7, Kliiiiii'ir, III. VVilliiiin l/iml, ; H, Siiiuji Ann, in. JfiMMii VVunio 
 Oliviii, rn. .Iimcjili I'nt.tur, 
 Mitry, ii;, .lolin lliiiilwick. 
 Alii^uii, III. •lllllll (.'urty. 
 Iiiicy, ni. IVIt!iiilt,. 
 
 SlIHIltl, ll, lltllll. 
 
 iMinic*!, ll. iinni. 
 
 Inane, III. IHOK, anil liail cli. 
 
 Saiali, in. Aliraliaiii liow 
 
 WiiJiatii, III. IHO<J, liiiUi MrKfiii/io. 
 
 Saiali, in. Aliraliaiii Ijowi:. 
 
 .)(mi:|ili, III. l.'iilK, Nnrali VV'ri^lil,, anil had cli,: I, iOiniiitrlino, li. 
 
 IHO!»; 2. William ll.iiiry, li. IHII ; :i, .lainc« .Slanl.^y, li, IHI.". ; 
 
 4, .John, I). IHlij; r», .l<mt!|ih ; «;, Allen, li. IM20 ; 7, Moiirict.la, b. 
 
 IJAI/rZ'ill, or I'lil.Hiill. 'JuIIIHToI'IIKK l'AT,T/<»lt, wll.ll llJH wife, l,W() HOIIH 
 
 find ll dii,n^ht,(-r, ciiiii)! willi l,iif Ciuiiniii Hf.tt.UtrM t,o LiiiK^tiliui'^, iitid irt 
 1 7fi4 rrrii'Acfl U> (Jmiivillo. MIh h<iiim I'nUrr and f ■litiHlophcr n-inov^fd 
 t,ii Wi'ntdl,, iho latter liaviri^ Hold out, l,h(! I'lirin now owned an<l oeeiipied 
 l»y Henry ( ,'alrick. (/'lirinl,o|iher married in (ieriiianv, I'lirliatH, who after 
 hiH (inal.h. III. (2rid; Adam .Meliat'ner (hiw 'Jiid wife), and d. 'July, 1782. 
 Tlioy had cliildntn : 
 
 i. ('hriHtotilior, in. Iiydia Wdiidliiiry Man. of .lonai iiaii, neii,, MI),) 
 and had rli. : I, J''(mt,i!r. in. (Im!; I,ydia IJiikh Man. of Aidon;, 
 CJiid) .laiK! McNij V ; "-, i .it.fir, in. I'liidio f/'lark ; .'1, .lonathaii 
 Wdddliiiry, III. Ann h 'I'hoiiiaH ; 4, flirani, in. (Ut,) lionint) I'intio, 
 Ciiiid) MiiMttta I'ineii ; 5, hydia, in. .Siiiniitil MclJride ; (J, Amy 
 fl,, III. William KiikIihIi ; 7, Mahaia, in. William TlioinaH ; H, 
 llnralia .NulHon, m /ach triali (JaniolM ; !*, Ilaniiali, in. .lolin 
 Mar«(!Hoii ; hi, ijovo, le. KranciH UuriiH ; II, Margaret, in. 
 Ahii|iIi IMiuuIh. 
 
nAi,T/oii iiAN iKii r HANKS. 471 
 
 ii, i'(il4ir, III. (/itlliiii'iiMi /iiiiKliir, iind Iih'I rli. : I, Jolin, in. Kariili ; 2, 
 Kntdtiric, in. Aliri! Olivitr; .'(, ZuiKliir, iii. Siiitiiii l>i':l<M(iii ; 4, 
 Mnry, m. I7''i'*t 'I'Ii'mhhn I'.. l<iM't> huh ; >*, t'ointliy, in. .Ihiiim 
 IMcii ; <i, Kli/,ikliiit.li, III. iSiiiKiii Itilcy ; V, ll/iiiiiali, in. I'ort.iir ; 
 
 H, Amlriiw, in. I'liinolit Wortliyliiku ; !>, (-'|.iiHl.((|ilii;r, d. itniii. 
 
 U\N<Uftn\ .frilKMIAM I'.ANTKfU'T WII.H (IcHCI'IMil'd flOII, .Fdllll Ullticnif t., 
 
 wh< , wiih hJH wild urnl cliililion, i^iinm over from l<<iiiiliiii in \^'>'.i2, 
 lui' ' n<'f.l,l<il ill till! i; iloriy of \IuHH(ii;liiiH<!t.l.M liny, ami w/ih t.fii! nucc.nUtv oi 
 Hnm;r<»lf,, \,\u; ^^r<•.nl \mfiri<;»ii (liHl/iriari. 'I'lin lim- oC iU-.hcc.i'I v/iih from 
 •loliii,' lliroii^li Tliom/iH," 'riioimiM,' Hamiifl,' iinil Siimiicl,' wlio miiirii'il 
 Huriili llolL Sumiii'l,'' vvlio iniirricil Hiirali I'oolo in MiwhucIiiihoM.h, (wirmi 
 fmrii with <,lm .MuHHiirliuHoM.M hhII.Ii-ih in I7<(i,(ir iddnipM /i liM.ji! I.il.cr, 
 with Ijih fiitJiiT ami IiI'oIJdm'h ami HiH(,crH, w'lo all HJioi't.ly iifturwai'lH 
 ii;t iirncil to ,V1;i.MHa<'liUH(iH,H, iixr'<r|il, llaiiiiali an'. Jfii^miuli. Tlif foiiiiiT 
 married .lolin SlJirral.t., of (iranviJI)', ami l.lit; lal.t,ci' fiel.t.lird m-ar l>oiin<l 
 llill. .Iiiiemiah, l/orn 17'').'}, mairiiid I7H!>, Hara.'i I'ayMon, (l^lll^llt<il■ of 
 •lonatlian, and liad rliildntri. 
 
 i. Kiiiniii'l, I). l7H!t, in. Miir(.;Hi't:t |)aviH, itnij l.'uj cli. : I, Hurali, in. 
 
 (/'uiitiiifi I'liiktir ; '^, Marj^iinit, in. <iilliM;.'i, Alinini, in. P'owlrr. 
 ii. Kli/,aliiiili 'rilcHtomt, li. \7',t\. 
 iii. Ann, t>. !7I'.'i, m. Hiuniici Sl.iirnil.t,. 
 iv. KliHliH, I). 17!"*, in. •Iiiiio 'Jl, IK'iH, Nuriiii Ann Aimtitii, anil hnd oh.: 
 
 1, l.iicillii, Ii. Apr. '^, IH.'!!), il, iinin.; 2, .loMepli Aiml.itii, <!. iiiiiii. ; 
 .'t, |{(!V. .luiii'iH Williiiin .loliiiHt.oti, II. Aiip;. II, IK-H, in. Mary 
 
 l<'i>wlur; I, .SaininJ KliHlia, li. I)i:(\ li'i, IH47, in. (\h\) Aliio Milllt, 
 
 (2ii(lj Anna liiiiini I'urknr ; n, IvinHiiid Crawluy, li. h'v.U. h, |H4!>, 
 
 d. IIIIIII. ; (», Hui'iili H., I». An;;. \.i, iHi'il, in. (,'liiiili'H |)iivit,t,. 
 
 V. WilJiain, II. I70K, in. .Iiiim II, IK'Jl, \M»:v,ru fluinillon. uiid had 
 
 ch.: I, VViliiain Allen, l>. IK24, in. IH'lo, llnldah IlickittHon ; 
 
 2, KMhIih I.., II. Au((. 4, IH,"il, ni. Iioiiinu l/oOaln. 
 
 v'. .loi«(i|>li, l(. |M(M>, in. Jami l''il./rHiid'il|ili, a'ld had eh.: I, lltinry 
 Shaw, III. i'em)!<i|ii) fjiiloi ; 2, ('arolinii l).,d. imin.; .'{, I'idward, 
 d tiiMii.; 4, Mary, d. tuiin.; a, .)ime|ili, in. i'Jiiiinii iloHkin, wid., 
 /i>V Deiit.iiii. 
 
 vii. Ilandley, I.. IK02. 
 viii. Hiirah, li. IH04, iinin. 
 
 ix. Ciiroline, h. IHOH, in. Adulpliim I'aytoii. 
 
 X. Mi'.v. .lereiniah, li. IKII, in. (Int; Ann Ktarrut.l., ''2n(|) Au|,!iiMta 
 MrtrHliall, and hud ch.: I, I'Mwiti A., in. Minerva llainiltfjii ; 
 2, IteNnie, in. William |)iin(ii:k ; >'t, liiieiim It., in. .lane r>iii')(eNH ; 
 4, .Samuel It., d, iinm ; 7, Mitry Kinniii, d. iiliiii.: H, Olaretieo 
 I'liyMiiii, d. iiniii.; (by 2nd wifo) : i'iriicHt. MiU'Mliall, in. ilachol 
 Mimlier. 
 
 xi. Maria, h. IKI4, iiiitn. 
 
 Rankh. 1. llir'iiAHli Bankh, l.lie imniij.'ninl, anei'Ml.or of (IiIh fiunily, 
 eaine !.(» America and Het.tled at. hl(:it,iiale, in I'lymoul.ii (/olony. lie may 
 1)0 l,li<i nepliew lliriliard, H<in of William, nientioned in (lie will of .loliri 
 HanekeH, of l/mdon, Hi.'JO. lie waH afterward Hent. to lay out. and 
 or(<ani/.e new towriHlii|iM in wlial, iw now Maine, net/t,led in York </'oijnt,y 
 
472 
 
 HANKS. 
 
 in that province, and held several inijiortant pul)lic ollices there. He 
 married EJiziiheth, dau;,'hter of John aiid Elizahoth Alcocke, of York. 
 From tliem, tlirou;,'h Jolm,'-' who married Eiiziiheth, daujfhtcr of Peter 
 Turbat Moses,' who married lluth, daui,'hK!r of Klias and Maj,'da!en 
 Weare, oamo Joshua,' born Sej)tember 13, 1713, married Septembtir 18, 
 1737, Mary Mutchmore, who, with all his family, came to this county 
 in 1700. His son Moses, on his marriaj,'e, settled in Wilmot, and Joshua 
 followed him some years later. Cliildn ii, besides others : 
 
 (2) i. Moaes, b. 1738, or 1739. 
 
 (3) ii. Joshua, bjxl. Nov. 4, 1750. 
 
 iii. Jiiaoph, b. May 11, 1762, said to have sottled i.. eastern New 
 
 Jersey, 
 iv. Eliziilieth, b. July 20, 1755, m. IMiiiieas Graves, 8 oh. 
 V. Jeremiah, b. about J 750, d. ayed 80, unni. 
 
 2. MosKS Baxks, b. 1738, m. (1st) 1704, Jane Spinney, (2nd) 1778, 
 Judith Saunders. Children : 
 
 i. Ruth, b. 1704. 
 
 ii. Elizabeth, b. 1700, m. James Austins, 
 iii. Ann, b. 1708. 
 
 iv. Moaes, b. about 1770, m. Olive Morton : Cli.: 1, Phineas, m. Eunice 
 D()d<;e ; 2, Joseph, in. Hannfih Ward ; 3, Edmund, m. Eunice 
 Morton ; 4, Maria, m. George Duncanson ; 5, John, m. Elizabeth 
 Beals ; 0, William, m. Harriet Patterson ; 7, George, m. (Ist) 
 Sarah Taylor; (2nd) Nancy Marshall; 8, Emily, m. James 
 Duncanson. 
 V. Richard, b. 1773, m. Nancy Patterson, 
 vi. Joseph, 
 vii. Benjamin. 
 
 By second wife ; 
 viii. Timothy Saunders, m. 1809, Margaret Bass; Ch. : *1, Caroline, b. 
 about 1809, m. James Parker Fiaker ; 2, John, b. 1811, m, Ann 
 Spinney (dan. of .Joseph) ; .'5, Mary, b. 1813, m. Benaiah Spinney; 
 4, Alden, b. 1815, m. Maria Baiiks ; 5. David, b. 1817, m. Maria 
 Patterson ; 0, Margaret, b. 1819, m. John Burns ; 7, Amoret, b. 
 1821, m. William Henry Harris at Bear lliver ; 8, Joseph, b. 
 1823, d. 1870, m. Dorothy Pay.son, d. 1870 ; 9, Betsey, b. 182C, 
 m. James, son of John Banks; 10, Dimock, b. 1825, m. Elizjibeth 
 Goucher (dau. of Edward). 
 ix. Eliphalet, m. Hannah Saunders: Ch.: 1, Timothy S., m. Mary 
 Burpee ; 2, Henry, m. Mary Cropley ; 3, David, m. Mary 
 Beaufry, New lirunswick ; 4, Judith, ni. David Morine ; 5, 
 Marthca, r.\. John Robar ; 0, Abraham, m. Sarah Rice ; 7, Thomas, 
 in. Maria Ernst ; 8, Obadiah, m. Margaret Riley ; 9, Ezekiel, m. 
 Helen Baker (no issue). 
 X. Jeremy, d. unni. 
 xi. Judith, d. young, 
 xii. Jane, m. Daniel Whitman, 
 xiii. Judith, unm. 
 
 * The author of the "Chute Genealogies " makes Eliza, m. John Crocker, the 
 eldest, neces.sarily po.stponing the births of Caroline and John, and saj's Alden ni. 
 (1st) Hannah Cogswell, (2nd) Seraphina Patter.son, (3rd) Maria VVhitman, n^e Banks. 
 
BANKS. 473 
 
 3. Joshua Hankh, 1j. 1749, in. 1770, I)ov'.tli«a Craft, and d. 1846, 
 jvged 96. Children : 
 
 i. (JuofKu, b. 1778, in. 180'), Eli/,ab<>th Nelson : Ch.: 1, Hunnali, b. 
 18U!>, ni. liiiitoii Chute ; 2, Siifiih, b. 1811, m. Siliis .liickson ; 
 
 3, .JaiiicH NelHon, b. 1814, )ii. Dorothea Huiils ; 4, Craft, b. 181(1, 
 in. Sophia Clnito, tn'i: Marshall ; 5, Fredeiif, b. 181!(, ni. (Ist) 
 Naomi Marshall, (L'nd) Lois Chiitu ; 0, El/.k Ann, b. 1821, in. 
 William .lackson ; 7, Eleanor, b. IH'M, in. (1st) Siilnoy Marshall, 
 (2iul) Saiiiuol Mooio ; 8, Isaac, b. 1828, m. Eliza Foster ; 9, Mar- 
 garet Ann, b. 18.'J1, in. Jloward Mayhew. 
 
 ii. John, b. 1779, 111. 1811, Mary, dau. of .lool Farnsworth : Ch.: 1, 
 William, b. 1812, m. ( st) Rachel Elliott, (2nd) Mary Foster ; 
 2, Handloy, b. 1814, in. Arriianilla Marshall ; 3, Ann, b. ISlrt, d. 
 1819 ; 4, Abijjail, i). 1K1!>, d. uiini.; 5, Margaret, b. 1820, in. Rev. 
 Henry Aichilles ; (t, Maria, b 1822, 111. (Ist) Wm. H. Roach, 
 (2iid) Archibald Burns; 7, .laineH, ' 1824, in. Elizabeth Hanks ; 
 
 8, Henry, 1). 182(>, m. (1st) Rebecca Vidito, (2iid) Rebecca Hoff- 
 man ; !), Mary Eliza, b. 1828, m, Weston .lohnston. 
 
 iii. Honrv, b. 1781, d. 1878, in. 1804, . liankful Farnsworth, b. 178(5, d. 
 18()8; Ch. ; 1, Mary, b. 1805, m. Charles Foster; 2, .loel Farnsworth, 
 b. IMO7, m. Deborah Slocomb ; ,'5, .loshua, b. 1810, d. 1843, m. 
 Catharine .Slocomb; 4, Caleb, b. 1812, d. 1831, unin.; 5, Henry, 
 b. 1814, 111. (Ist) (./'athariiio iJurland, (2nd) Wilhelmiiia Congdon ; 
 G, Louisa, b. 1817, m. .John W. (Jilliatt ; 7, Frances, b. 1819, m. 
 Gideon Beardsley ; 8, Reuecca, b. 1823, ni. Parker Neily ; 
 
 9, Susan, b. 18:^5, m. George Neily ; 10, Caleb Analey, b. 1830, 
 in. Caroline Rafuse. 
 
 iv. James, b. 1782, m. 1810, Sarah Rice: Ch.: 1. Silas, b. 1811, d. 
 1830, unm.; 2, Joseph, b. 1812, in. Leali Durland ; 3, James, b. 
 
 1812, m. (1st) Margaret Moody, (2ihI) ; 4, Eliza, b. 1810, 
 
 m. Thomas Elliott; 5, Dorothea, b. 1818, d. 1819 ; 0, .Jacob, b. 
 1822, in. Ruth Ann Burns ; 7, Sidney, m. Sarah, dau. of Wilbur 
 Parker. 
 
 V. Christopher, b. 178ij, m. (1st) 1811, Pluebe Durland, (2nd) Jerusha, 
 dau. Isaac Longiey : Ch.: 1, Eliza, b 1812, in. Reis Worthylake ; 
 2, Cornelia, b. 1815, ni. .lohn McKenzie ; 3, Charles, b. 1816, 
 m. (1st) Sarah Ann McKenzie, (2iid) Angelina Whitman, ne'e 
 Sloc(>mb ; 4, William, b. 181H, m. Hannah Rankin ; 5, Angelina, 
 b. 1820, m. Israel Brooks ; 0, George, b. 182.3, i>i. Rel enca 
 Messenger ; 7, Maria, b. 1825. in. VVilliam Crocker ; 8, John 
 Ward, b. 1827, m. Rachel McKenzie ; 9, Russell, b. 1829, in. 
 Lovicia Marshall ; 10, Sarah, b. 1831, m. Solomon Charlton ; 
 11, .Joseph Clark, d. unin. 
 
 vi. Hannah, b. 1780, 111. Elijah Be.ils. 
 vii. Frances, b. 1788, d. 1803. 
 viii. Mary, b. 1791, d. 1803. 
 
 ix. Kliz.beth, b. 1793, ir. Bayard Payson. 
 
 X. Jacob, 1). 1794, in. Elizabeth Witt : Ch. : 1. Louisa, in. John Wilson; 
 2, Sarah Bethiah, in. Albert Sproul ; .3, John, m. .Jane Neily ; 
 
 4, George Craft, in. Sarah Ann Durland ; 5, Samuel, d. unm. ; 
 0, Ambrose, m. (1st) Sarah Eliza Whitman, (2nd) Matilda Wl it- 
 man, (3rd) Arinanilla Sproul ; 7, Maria, m (Ist) Isaac Whitman, 
 (2nd) A I den Banks. 
 
 xi. Frederic, b. 1797, in. 1819, Hannali Graves : Ch.: 1, Philo, b. 1820, 
 d. unm.; 2, Gilbert, b. 1822, unm.; 3, Alexander, b. 1824, unm.; 
 4, Israel, b. 1827, d. unm.; 5, John, b. 1829, m. Rachel Wilson ; 
 6, Elizabeth, b. 1831, m. Aaron Carlton ; 7, Phineas, b. 18,34, m. 
 Harriet Wilson ; 8, Eliza Jane, b. 1830, m. William Dalton : 
 9, Margaret, b. 1840, m. Curtis Dalton. 
 
474 HANKS — BASS. 
 
 xii. Williiiin, b. 1800, in. about 1830, Margaret Ann Warwick : Ch : 
 
 1, Mary Kli/.a, in. Doa H>'>ih>' Raluunt ; 2, .lesaie, b. 1835, in. 
 TlioiiULs Chcsley (son o( Suuiuij)) 
 
 Anotlipr family of li.\NKS is noticed by tl;o author in his MSS., hut 
 tht'ir origin and the usual biographical note of the ancestor are wanting. 
 Tiioinas Wheeler Banks married toward the close of last century, Sarah, 
 daughter of Abel Wheelock, and had children : 
 
 i. Jolm, I). Sept. 12, 17!>7, in. 182(5, Nancy Bonjaniin : Ch. : 1, 
 E/.ekifl Clouvelaiid, b. March <>, 1827, in. Susan Maria Dodge ; 
 
 2, .Jacob 1). Dec. 2, 1828, m. Bethia Robinson ; 3, Thomas, d. 
 unin. ; 4, Elizabeth, d. unm. ; 5, Mary Salome, in. .Fonas W. H. 
 Balioin ; (i, Sarah Amanda, m. James A. Cox ; 7, Ingraham Bill, 
 m. Mary McPhee. 
 
 ii. VVilliaiu, m. Harriot Wheelock (no issue), 
 ill. Sarah, m. Andrew Brown. 
 
 iv. Abel, m. (Ist) Susan Freeman, (2nd) — Morse (no issue). 
 V. Elizabeth, m. William Clark Felch. 
 
 vi. Rufus, m. Mary Ann Hemiiig : Ch. ; 1, Asahel, m. Sarah Forbes ; 
 2, Alice Maud, m. Reis Goucher ; 3, Sarah Elizabeth, m. Charles 
 Walciitt ; 4, Ingram Rufus, d. unm. ; 5, Thomas, d. unm. ; G, 
 Edward Manning', unm.; 7, Belle, d. unm.; 8, Minnie Maria, 
 unm.; 9, Annie, d. unm. 
 vii. Sophia, m. Benjamin Wheelock. 
 
 viii. Thomas, m. Salome Benjamin : Ch.: 1, Amelia, m. Francis Smith ; 
 2, Augusta, III. Manning Armstrong ; 3, Mury Eliza, d. unm. ; 4, 
 Annie, m. John Foster ; 5, Wili;im Harvey, d. unm.; 6, Charles 
 Thomas, d. unm. 
 ix. Clarinda, m. Robert Berteaux. 
 
 X. Zechariah, m. Mary Dodge : Ch. : 1, Lydia Adelia, m. Albert Dodge; 
 2, Thomas, unm. ; 3, Emma, m. Marius Cooley ; 4, Jacob, b. 
 1828. 
 
 Bass. The Bass family of this county, of whom Joseph Bass was the 
 progenitor, was of considerable distinction. John Bass, probably grandson 
 of the immigrant ancestor, was born at Newbury, Mass., about 1700, and 
 educated at Harvard. Joseph and John, two of his sons, came to this 
 county as permanent ot-tilers in 1783 ; the former was a grantee in the 
 township of Annapolis, and lived near Clark's Ferry, remarkable for liis 
 hospitality, especially to members of the English Church ; he d. 1826; 
 the latter settled in or near Liverpool, Queens County. Edward Bass, 
 D.D., his other son, b. 1726, d. 1803, was the first Episcopal Bishop of 
 Massachusetts. In this province the name is now often spelt Barss. 
 Joseph Bass, b. about 1730, m. (1st) Elizabeth Crowell, (2nd) Lydia 
 Alden, and had children : 
 
 i. William, d. unm. at Nictaux, aged about 80. 
 ii. Joseph, d. unm. (killed in an encounter with pirates), 
 iii. John, a school-teacher. 
 
 iv. Alden, m. Christina Burns, and had ch. : 1, Mary, m. Caleb 
 Slocomb ; 2, Margery, m. John Dugan ; 3, Lydia. m. William 
 Rhodes ; 4, Elizabeth, m. Foster Bolser ; 5, Margaret, m. 
 
'bass — HATH — UKALS. 47& 
 
 Timothy S. Banks ; (i, JoReph, in. Klizahoth Robinson, and had 
 ch. : If illinm, d. young; Motijuri't, m. William Morton ; Uettniv, 
 m. Sarah A. Hrown ; Joseph T,, m. Hannah Starratt ; Hobeii, 
 u). Mary Ann Nichola. 
 V. Eli/.aboth, ni. Ilov. Charles Scotc. 
 vi. Sarah, d. at Nictaux, agod over 70. 
 vii. Margaret, ni. Timothy Saunders Hanks, 
 viii. Edward, m. and lived in Newbury Port, Mass. 
 ix. Thankful, d. unm. at Bridgetown, over 80. 
 
 Hath. John Bath, of Yorkshire, canio with his uncle, William Clark, 
 sailing from Hull, aged about ID, bringing his uncla's horses overland by 
 the mere trail which then existed from Windsor to Annapolis, while the 
 latter with his family and farm tools came around in a schooner. He 
 married in 177C, Keziah Hill, a daughter of one of the earliest Massa- 
 chusetts settlers ; and the lot on which he lived in Granville is still owned 
 by his descendants. He was the first to convey the mails to Halifax on 
 horseV)ack ; previously they had been carried on foot. He died Nov. .'i, 
 1816, aged 65. Children : 
 
 i. Elizabetli, b. 1778. 
 
 ii. John, jun., b. 1770, m. (1st) 1803, Elizabeth Troop, (2nd) 1820, 
 Phebe Troop, and had ch, : 1, Hannah, b. 1804 ; 2, Keziah Ann, 
 b. 180(5, d. 1807 ; .'{, Keziah Ann, b. 1800, ni. James Edwin Reed; 
 4, John Fletcher, b. 1811, m. Elizabeth Hall ; 5, Mary Eliza, 
 b. 1813, m. Gilbert Bent ; 6, Jacob Valentine, b. 1818, d. unm. ; 
 7, Eli?.abeth, b. 1822, m. Charles Fitzrandolph (2nd w.); 8, 
 Eliza, b. 1823; 9, Abner, b. 1825, m. — Chipman ; 10, Hen- 
 rietta M., b. 1833 ; 11, Robert. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. 1783. 
 
 iv. Tamar, b. 1785. ni. 180<), Valentine Troop. 
 
 v. Hannah, b. 1787, d. 1802. 
 
 vi. Robert, b. 1781), m. 1812, Minetta VVilloughby : Ch. : 1, Augustus 
 Willoughby, b. 1814 ; 2, Henrietta Maria, b. 1815, m. James 
 Longley ; 3, Robert Hall, b. 1819, m. Eliza Ann Clark ; 4, 
 Samuel Henry, b. 1821 ; 5, John Edward, b. 1827, m. Elizabeth 
 Wade ; <5, Albert Leander, b 1829. 
 
 vii. Henrietta Cooper, b. 1792, m. Abner Troop. 
 
 Seals. Asa Beals was a Loyalist of 1783, probably from Massa- 
 chusetts. William Beals came among the Pilgrims to Plymouth in 1621,, 
 in the Fortune, the next vessel after the Maiifioiver ; and there was an 
 Asa Beale in Plymouth, 1720. Our present subject was born in 1755, 
 and was descended probably from John Beals who came to Hingham, 
 Mass., from England, 1638, through the line of Jeremiah,- Jeremiah^ 
 jun.," Andrew,* and Abel, sen.' He was nephew by marriage of Isaac 
 Kent, whose daughter, Abigail Kent, he married here, and settled in the 
 eastern part of the township, where he was often employed as Commis- 
 sioner for laying out and constructing roads. He married (2nd) Mary 
 Miller, widow of Richard Clarke. He gave a farm to each of his eight 
 sons, and to each of his two sons-in-law. He died 1820. Children : 
 
476 IIKALS. 
 
 i. Amlrow, in. ('hnrlottu L'liiirlton, nnd \md c\\. : 1, Nancy, iii, Klijnh 
 Rood ; 2, Henry Chmlton, ni. IHIll, Siiruh Fulch ; :t, .liiiiHim, m. 
 Miuiili Hent ; 4, Klixabetli, ni. (I at) Kdwiird Hcnsliuw, (2nd) — 
 Winchostor ; o, Mary, ni. tlohii Mi'(trot{<)r ; <i, .Ihiucs, ui. Ih;{7. 
 Mary Ann Klliott ; 7, Andrew, ni. Widow (lortrndo I'almor, »t«V 
 Hniitli ; a, Hubert, m. Naomi (irant ; !), .Folin, ni Kli/.abeth 
 .luti'erson ; 10, Caroline, il. nnni.; 11, Kniily, ni. Ni-heiniah 
 lieala ; 12, Hanuiel, ni. KUun I'owetH. 
 ii. Abel neiilH(Mrd) jun., ni. Susannah Hennoluiry: Ch.; 1, William, m. 
 182!), Mary Hannam ; 2, Setli, m. — Kltzrandolfili ; '.i, Micali, m. 
 Jerusha BuaU ; 4, Kli/.abeth, m. Frank K>;erton ; *>, Charlotte, 
 unm. ; G, Celia, m. (l»t) Francis <• ray, (2nd) Henjauiin Hathbnni, 
 (.'Jrd) Edward Martin ; 7, Mary, m. Williaui Margoson ; 8, Simon, 
 d. unm. ; !>, Richard, d. unm. 
 
 iii. Seth, d. 17!I7. nnm. 
 
 iv. Stephen, m. Nanc)' Henshaw, and had ch. : 1, Samuel, b. 1815, 
 ni. Sarah Hersey ; 2, (xeorge F., b. 18l(>, m. Ann Hoomer ; 3, 
 Sarah .Jane, b. 1818, m. Micah Kent ; 4, Stephen, b. 1820, ni. 
 Charlotte Boomer ; », Edward, b. 1822, m. Sarah Chute ; (i, 
 Elijali, b. 1823, m Lucrotia Rand ; 7, Isaac, b. 1827, ni. Louisa 
 Jaiie Chute ; 8, Lucinda, b. 1825, d. 1828 ; !», I'riscilla, m. 
 Jo.seph Crewson ; 10, Lucy, m. .John Reals. 
 V. Isaac, b. 180), ni. 1820, Catherine Kent, and had ch.: 1, John 
 Strong, b. 1822, m. Sarah Jane Dennison ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1824, 
 m. Asa Whitmiin ; 3, Nohemiah. b. 1827, m. Emily Reals ; 4. 
 Christina, b. 1833, m. Robert H. HutL ; 5, Isaac, b. 1837, m. 
 Mary E. Clates. 
 
 vi. Joshua, m. 1807, Rebecca Taylor (dau. of .Tames) : Ch. : 1, Abigail, 
 b. 180!>, m. Frederick Taylor ; 2, Sarah Sutclitfe, b. 1811, m. John 
 Whitman ; 3, Amy, b. 1813, m. Dennis Bent ; 4, Isaac, b. 1815, 
 m. Mary Harris; 5, Stephen, b. 1817, m. Mary Ann Payscm ; 
 (5, Rachel, born 181!t, m. William H. Harris ; 7, Rebecca, b. 
 1821, m. William Phinney ; 8, Eleanor, b. 1823, m. Edward 
 Payson ; 9, Catherine, b 1825, unm. 
 
 vii. Elijah, b. 1788, d. 1847, m. 1813, Hannah Banks, who was b. 178fi, 
 d. 1870: Ch.: 1, Henry, b. 181.3, m. Francos Ruggles ; 2, 
 Priestly, b. 1814, m. Hannah Phinney ; 3. Cooper, b. 1816, m. 
 Sarah Ann Ruggles ; 4, Jacob, b. 1810, d. 1820 ; 5, Jacob, b. 
 1821, m. Phobe Berteaux ; (i, John, m. Lucy Buals ; 7, Arod, m. 
 Margaret Sheritl"; 8, Caleb, m. Eliza Whitman; 0, Elizabeth, 
 b. 1817, m. John Banks ; 10, Dorothy, m. Samuel Banks ; 11, 
 Anna, m. Rice Daniels, 
 viii. Arod, m. 1807, Catharine Belong: Ch : 1, Rev. Wesley C, b. 
 1808, m.; 2, Experience, b. 1810, m. Angus Morrison fiidney ; 
 3, Abel, b. 1812, d. unm.; 4, Susannah, b. 1813, m. Ebenezer 
 Rice Whitman ; 5, Mary, b. 1815, m. Georce Everett ; 6, Isabel 
 Eliza, b. 1817, m. James Davoni)ort ; 7, Elias, b. 1819, m. 
 Seraph Dodge ; 8, Catharine, m. Isaac Longley. 
 
 ix. John Cooper, b. 1806, m. (1st) 1828, Nancy Clark, (2nd) Sarah Ann 
 Ruggles: Ch.: 1, Miner C, b. 1828, m. Emmeline Bishop ; 2, 
 Margaret Ann, b. 1830, m. Thomas Yarrigal ; 3, Louisa, b. 1832, 
 m. .ludson W. Bishop ; 4, Jacob, b. 1834, m. (Ist) Sarah Miller, 
 (2nd) Maggie Warwick ; 5, Lavinia, m. Phineas Charlton ; 6, 
 Henrietta, m. John Hall ; 7, Mary, m. Ingraham B. Bishop ; 
 8, Edward, m. Ella Easson. 
 X. Rachel, m. Boyd McNair. 
 
 xi. Abigail, m. Edward Henshaw. 
 
IlKNSON — HENT. 477 
 
 Hkn-hov, CiiitiNToi'iiKK Bknmov, lioin in Sidwfll, Kxi'ter, l'!iij,'Ian(l, 
 ITl'O, ciiiim to New York, in 17tiO, with liis wife iind two diildini. 
 Wh«'ii tli«' war luokf out ho cNpousfd tho loyal side, and was an cHicient 
 otlic'tT in a Fj>yi'list coi[)s; coniinj; to this jirovincn in \~S'.\. ||is hoiih 
 wore then tw«'nty two and liftct-n years old icsjicftivt'ly. His son-in-law, 
 William Seunian, accompanied him, and settled in Granville, where for 
 several years lie was town clerk, hut afterwards returned to New York, 
 Major Benson was a man of considerable culture and intellif,'ence, and for 
 nearly forty years gave active and etllcii'nt gratuitous service in militia 
 affairs. Ho lived to a great age. He married in 1751, Mary Simmons, 
 h. 17;U, d. 1805. Children: 
 
 i. Hannah, h. 17r).'{, d. 17H4. 
 ii. Mary .Sinnnons, h. 1750. 
 
 iii. Cliristophor, b. 17<iO, in New York; ni. 17S4, Lucy Dunn, h Dec, 
 17<iO: Ch. : 1, Kli/.abeth, b. 17^5, in. tiacob Morry ; 2, llulcn, b. 
 17H(i, ni. Arcliilmld Hicks ; 'A, Mary, b. 1788, ni. Isaiah Sanikrs ; 
 4, Lucy, b. 17!'l, in. NVilliniii Mt'iry ; 5, (Jracc, b. 17!>.'J, iii. C'liip- 
 iiian Ucckwith ; (i, Rebecca, b. 17i'5, in. (Jeorgo (ii'iiy; 7, Chris- 
 to|ihor. li. 17''*7,* ni. (Ist) Uotsy Merritt, (2ntl) Jeiiiiniu Lettency; 
 8, VVilliaiii S., b. 175>!), in. Leoinira Merry, 
 iv. William Simmons, b. 17<>8, in. Tainar Messenger ; several ch. 
 V. Kli/.abeth Brewerton, b. 1771, m. William Seaman. 
 < vi. Jlcbecca, b. 1774. 
 
 vii. Mary Dement, b. 1778. 
 
 Bent. David Bknt was descemjled from John Bent, a native of Pen- 
 ton-Grafton, some seventy miles soutfi-west from London, who came over 
 from Southampton to Sudbury, Mass., in 16.38, through his son Peter and 
 grandson Jlopestill and great-grandson Micah, the father of David. 
 Micah, who married 1737, Grace, daughter of David Rice, came to Annap- 
 olis in 1760, with sons David, Micah, Peter and Hopestill. Peter, who 
 died shortly after his arrival, is said to have been the first of these 
 settlers to receive burial in Canada's oldest grave-yard. Hopestill and 
 Micah returned to their old Ma.ssachusetts homes. David, wlio was born 
 March 18, 1739, and married in Massachusetts, Mary, daughter of 
 Ebenezer Felch, settled .shortly after his arrival in the locality now 
 known as Bentville. He was one of the Sudbury men selected by their 
 fellows to view this valley and report upon its eligibility for new homes 
 under Governor Lawrence's proclamation. His children were : 
 
 i. Micah, m. Abij^ail Harrington, and had ch. : 1, Beriah, m. Lovejoy 
 Parker ; perhaps others. He was drowned and wid. m. Arod 
 Kent, 
 ii. Ebenezer, twin of Micah, d. unin. 
 
 iii. David, in. Ruth Parker and had ch. : 1, Asaph, b 1788, m. Sarah 
 . Fales; 2, Theresa, b. 1789; 3, Isaac, b. 17!»1, m. 1815, Miriam 
 
 •Christopher Benson and Betsy Merritt had ch.: 1, Kebeuca Ann, m. James H. 
 Parker ; 2, Mary Kliza ; 3, (ieorgiana ; 4, Adeline, in. William Feindal ; 5, John, m 
 Harriot, dau. of John C. Wilson ; 6, Edaar, ni. Catharine Wentzel ; 7, George,. 
 m. Ida is'ichol ; 8, James ; 9, Isabel ; 10, Christopher. 
 
478 HKNT. 
 
 Voiin^ ; 4, Itiifiis, I), 17It-'(, III. IH'JU, Ann Stnrriitt ; Tt, AliiKail, b. 
 17)i:>; «, Diivul, li. IT'.IM, in. WM, Kli/iilmth Ann Hont,; 7. Ilohnccn, 
 1.. IWM); H, Uiith, li. IHOU ; 1», Miriam, 1.. 1S04. 
 
 iv. JiiHuph, III. I7'*-. .AiiiiH liMii^lcy, anil hud cli. : I, NViurt'ii h. l"!*-'*, m. 
 FriinotHSIittfnor ; l', F>iuy, li. I7'.*"», iii. (iiMir^'o Willi'tt ; .'I, Aiiiuliu, 
 1). 17!»7. III. (iilliort Uiiy; 4. Isriu-l li., h. \7W, <1. \K''i, in. (Int) 
 llitniiiih Kiktii, (2nil) SiiHun FoHtttr ; 5, SiLiitn, It. IHOI, m. (itior^u 
 Fi'linwH ; t>, Miiry, h. IHO'J, in. Aiiron Kiiton ; 7, llov. .1. Flurchor, 
 1.. IHOtl, III. Siiwiii Hurry ; H. Willium L.. 1). IWMt, in. (1st) Marin M. 
 Troop. (-JikI) Ciiiii'lotto llHi'ilwick; M. (iilliurt, l>. IHl.'t, in. (Int) 
 Miiry L Hiitli. CJinl) Mfttiltlii Mroo/.e; 10, .lohii, h. 18'J2. d. utiiii. 
 
 V. NVillirtiii. .1. I'.. It. 17«!t, <1. IKV.i, in. 17!M>. Abijjiiil, dim. of rhincas 
 liovott, Hiid liikdfh.: 1, W'illiain Lovett, M.I)., in. Kiiiilifiniii liong- 
 iniru liiid Huttlod as a phyHician at Di^liy ; 2, Kli/.alMtili, l>. 1N(N), 
 in. CultO) MhihIwiH ; a, Abigail, b. IHOL', in. (IhD .lobii Forrest, 
 (•Jnd) Fdwurd McLiitchy, of Hants Co. ; ), ri.aia, b, 1«()4, in. 
 William Marshall ; 5, PhinouH li., b. 1807, ni. Maria Hochnor ; 
 <l, .Stilliimn, b. IHlO, ni. Miss Morso ; 7. Solina b. 18i:t, ni. 
 Walter lUcketson. 
 vi. Asa, in. (1st) Lois TiijipiT, (2iid) Mary Tupper, (.'<rd) in 1H;1'2, Ann 
 liusby, and liii'l ch. : 1, Ambrose, in. Susan HalcDin ; 2, Klias, in. 
 Kli/.abotli Hardv.'icke ; I), Eliakini, m. Naomi lirown ; 4, Ann d. 
 uiini. ; .'». David, uniii. ; (by 2nd wife); 0, Mary, m. .lohn Warner; 
 
 7, , d, uiiiii.; (by 3rd wife): 8, Husby, b, 18UIJ, m. Susan Morse 
 
 Miller; !>, Ralph, b. 18;«!. m. Sarah Whitman ; 10, .John Zonas, b. 
 18H5>. m. Lucy,<tesnor ; 11, Albenia, m. .lohn Hartlett ; 12, Anna, 
 m. Thomas Uowlos. ThiTo was probably also a son Asa, m. .Jare 
 Felch. 
 vii. Stephen, in. 17*.>7, Amy Tiipjier (dan. of Elisha), and had ch. : 1, 
 Elizabeth Spia^ue, b, 17!*H, in. Archibald lloUs ; 2, .Jerusha Prince, 
 b. 18(M), m. .James D'Arcy ; U, Caroline, b. 18011, in. Adam Hawkes; 
 4, .lames S., b. 180<i, m. (Ist) Lucina Morse, (2nd) Margaret lioole; 
 6, Lucy Ann, b. 1808, m. Charles Elliott ; <i. Amy, b. 1810, m. 
 .James Thomas ; 7, William Henry, b. 181U, d. num. ; 8, Louisa 
 Bathia, I). 181(5, unm. ; 0, Susan Murilla, b. 1810, m. Obadiah 
 Parker ; 10, Stephen Edward, b. 182;J, m. (Ist) .Jane Willett, ('hid) 
 Mary E. Parker, (.'{rd) Emma Bent, widow, ne'e I$acon. 
 viii. Silas, in. Mary Newcomb, and had ch. : 1, NewcomW, in. Hannah 
 Foster ; 2, Mary, m. .Jesse Philips ; .'}, .Tames m. Amoret Martin ; 
 4, Denis, m. Amy Heals ; 5, Eliza, in. David Bent. 
 
 ix. Sarah, m. John I'oole. 
 
 X. Dorcas, m. Isaac Lon|u;ley. 
 
 xi. Mary, in. Solomon Harrington. 
 
 xii. Elizabeth, d. unm. 
 xiii, xiv. Twins, d. 
 
 Samuel Bent, born August 15, 1743, descended in the fifth genera- 
 tion from Jolin Bent, the iiuniigrant ancestor of David Bunt, through 
 Peter,- Hopestill," Peter,* was in his youth an apprentice to Captain .John 
 Wade, whom he followed into service against the French in 1759, and was 
 in the battle on the plains of Abraham ; and family tradition says he 
 had the honour to hoist the British Hag oii that great occasion. It is said 
 that when victory had become assured a flag-staff was called for, and 
 young Bent being a mechanic was detailed to procure one from the tall, 
 straight fir-trees which lined the heights, while others dug the hole to set 
 it in. In their haste they forgot to reeve the necessary lanyard before 
 
HKNT. 47!) 
 
 tho Btftrt' hiid Iwon flniilly "stopped." St'vtiriil triwd to oliinl) it, curry 
 up tliB line, iind roevc it tlirou^h tli(> hlouk, and l)*>tit iit lt>n^th Hucue<>d<>d, 
 ciirryirif; up tlio find of tlui line in his ti-ctli, iit'tcr wliicli f'cat In* wiis 
 »(!C()rdt'<l tlin privil«'j{c of lioisting the lliig. Tiif sni.iU lumd-Haw uhcmI l»y 
 }iim in prfpiiring tliu Ntatl' is still in tin- posst-ssion of on*- of liis dcsfi-nd- 
 AntH, JuHoph Hnnt, of (irimvilic, who still owns and occupies a lar^e por- 
 tion of the homestead <in which his piu;;;enitor settled when he reached 
 liis majority. lie catni! to (iranvill(« the year following the capture 
 of Quehec, married in 1700, liachol, sister of Moses liay, and liad 
 children : 
 
 i. Sinniiol, h. ITOii, m. (1st) Mary Luoiwinl, i'2mJ) Hrown : Cli. ; 
 1, Lawrence ; 2, Martni, lu. — Hunt ; ;>, Hiichul, ui. 1H14, 
 Ahrithnin Uo^art ; (by 2nd wifu) : 4, Alice, lu. 1H35, Cornulius 
 Hogart ; 5, Ncdobiiih, ni. ; tl, Kdwa (i, ni. 
 
 ii. Nwluhiah, h. \'i\7, ui. 17HH, Kli/.iihotli Trucsdal : Ch. ; 1, Exoetionco, 
 I). 17K!), ni. Tliiunag Mossuni^ur ; 2, Samuel, h. 17*M, in. 'IhuodoHin 
 C'nil'l) ; .'{, Abigail, It. IT'-'-'l, ui. David Messongor ; 4, .Alpliutis, li. 
 17'.).), d. unin. ; 5. Mary, b. 17'.t7, d. 17!»7 ; «>, l'lu)l)o, t). 17!»«, ni. 
 •loseph Hrown ; 7, Jussu, b. IWJl, u\. Maliida Kniiren ; 8, KV,»kiul, 
 b. 1H0;{, lu. (1st) Frances Holsor, (2ud) IJutsoy Bcrtoau.\ ; !t, .John, 
 b. ISOi'i, d. unui. ; 10, Ellon, b. 1807, ni Christoplier BoUor ; 11, 
 Rachel, d. unui. 
 iii. Soth, b. 1709, u». (Ist) Lucy Haukolton, (2nd) Eliraboth O'Brian : 
 Ch. ; 1, .lohn, ni. Fhcbo Millet- ; 2, Lucy. d. unui. ; .'J, Sarah, ni. 
 David Young ; 4, Margaret, ui. David Milbury ; (by 2nd wife): 5, 
 (jrandiHon, in. Lydia Sainulers ; 0, Moses, d. uniu. ; 7, Edward, d. 
 uniu. ; 8, Mary .\nn. 
 
 iv. Jesse, b, 1771, ui. 1801, Sarah Hackelton ; Ch. : 1, William, b. 1802, 
 m. Ruth North (no issue) ; 2, Eliza, b. 1H04, d. unui. ; I), Lee 
 Vose, b. 180<J, m. Elvira Wade (no issue) ; 4, Seth, b. 1810, ui. Eliza 
 Fairn ; 5, George, b. 181U, lu. Ellen Macsweeny ; (», Ambrose, li. 
 1817 in (1st) Amoret Morse. (2nd) Eunice Ross, (IJrd) Clara, dau. 
 of W. Y. Foster; 7, Edmund Foster, b. 1H22. ni. (1st) Amanda 
 Starratfc, (2nd) Sarah Freeman, (IJrd) Elizabetli Chesley, ?t('V Albe, 
 widow of F{ev. R. A. Chesley. 
 
 V. James, b. 1772, ni. 
 
 vi. John, b. 1774, a J. P., m IHOt, ]\l,i,.y Harris: Ch. : 1, Mary, b. 
 1810, m. Henry Gesnur, .1.1'. ; 2, Sarah, b. 1813, m. Robert 
 Parker, J. P.; ;{, John Harris, b. 181.5, ni. Eunice Dodge; 4, 
 William Henry, b. 1810, m. Caroline Gesner ; 5, Euphemia, b. 
 1820, m. VVm. Henry Young ; 0, Emily, b. 1822. m. .lohn Crozier. 
 vii. Ebenezor, b. 178.'i, m. 180!>, Loretta Dench, i>. 1781. d. 18."i8 : Ch. : 
 
 I, Robert, b. 1810, m. Theresa Hicks ; 2, Hemy, b. 1812. ui. 
 Olivia Miller ; .'f, Deborah, b. 1814. m. .lesso Dodge ; 4. Eunice, 
 b. 1816, m. Ezekiel Burns ; 5, Ezra, b. 1810, m. Ann Phinney ; 
 <), Hannah, b. 182.'{, m. .loseph Troop ; 7. Abraham, b. 1824, ni. 
 Mary Young ; 8, Mary. b. 1827, m. Stephen Milbury ; 0, .lacob 
 Fritz, b. 1827. m. (Ist) Elizabeth Witlierspuon, (2nd) Caroline Bent. 
 
 viii. Rachel, b. 1777, m. John Elliott. 
 ix. Nancy, b. 1770, m. .John Fritz. 
 
 X. Elias, b. 1785, m. (Ist) 1811, Mary Ann VanBlarcom, (2nd) Susan 
 Anthony : Ch. : 1, Anne, b. 1812 ; 2, Joseph, b. 181(>, m. Elizabeth 
 Steadman ; 3, Maria, b. 1819 ; 4, Elizabeth, b. 1821. m. ; 5, 
 Georgina, b. 1823 ; 6, John, b. 1826, d. unm. ; 7, Ebenezer. h. 
 1828, m. Elizabeth Morrison ; 8, Ruth, b. 1832 ; 9, George 
 Thomas, b. 1835, m. Horatio Gesner ; (by 2nd w. ) : 10, William ; 
 
 II, Alfred, m. Laura Sulis. 
 
480 KENT — JIEHTEAUX. 
 
 xi. Charles, l.. 1787, in. 1814, Elizfthoth Waile : Ch. : 1, Lucy, b. 1814, 
 111. .)i»Iin }iutclii8(>ii ; 2, Stephen, b. 1815, m. Cynthia Wade ; 
 'A, Helen, b. 1820, in. Robert Hoseasun ; 4, Ann, b. 1818, m. John 
 Honey ; 5, Racliel (or Maria), m. Edward Shafner ; (i, Samuel, b. 
 1822, ni. Mary Abraham ; 7, Henjamin, b. 1824, m. Keziah Young; 
 8, Daniel, h. 182(i, ni. Eii/abcih Oliver ; !), Prudence, b. 1829, 
 in. George Covert ; 10, Hannah, b. 1832, m. Edwin Wade ; 
 11, Mary, b. 1828. 
 
 Behteaux. 1. Philip Bkhteaux was born in tlio Ishind of Guernsey, 
 of French Protestant parents, who tied thitlier from France after the 
 revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685. He was commissioned 
 "Master Carpenter" in the employ of the Boa'.i of Ordnance, and came to 
 Annapolis in that capacity. He was one of tlie grantees of the " Cape 
 Grant," so called. His very numerous posterity are to be found in vari- 
 ous parts of Nova Scotia, and from Nova Scotia to Britisli Columbia, and 
 in the United States. The name of liis first wife is not known. The 
 second was Elizabeth Gould. He died about 1780, aged over 60. He 
 had children : 
 
 (2) i. William, b. about 1750. 
 
 ii. Ann, m. Henry Hardwick. 
 iii. Perhaps John 
 
 By second wife : 
 iv. Thomas Edward, ni. Nov. 14, 1795, Mary, dau. of Foster Baltzor, g. 
 
 dau. of Christopher, and gt. g. dau. of Christopher, sen. : Ch. : 
 
 1, Mary, b. 1790, m. (1st) Thos. Palmer, (2iid) Samuel Slocomb ; 
 
 2, John, b. Dec. 13, 1797, ni. Elizabeth, dau. of I'eter Baltzor ; 
 
 3, Alice, b. 1799, in. Thomas, sou of John Robinson ; 4, Ann 
 Maria, b. Jan. 17, 1802, m. Chipman, sua of Joseph Brown ; 5, 
 Philip, b. 1804, in. Susan Brown, sister of Chipman, 11 ch. ; G, 
 Dorothy, b. Dec. 14, 1806, in. Peter McBride; 7, Elizabeth, b. 
 April 10, 1808, m. Ezekiel Bent ; 8, Sarah Ann, b. July 25, 1812, 
 in. Joseph Dugan ; 9, Julia, b. March 1, 1816, ni. William 
 Howell. 
 
 V. Margaret \ , 
 
 c r "• unm. 
 
 VI. Susan 
 
 2. William Berteaux, probably eldest son of Philip, born probably 
 about 1750, married Ann, daughter of Michael Spurr, and had children : 
 
 (3) i. Charles, b. 1773. 
 
 ii. Philip, b. 1780, in. 1808, Catherine Chute, wid. of John Wear. 
 
 iii. Elizabeth, bpd. Aug. 26, 1786, in. William Morehouse. 
 
 iv. Edward, bpd, June, 1787, m. Dec. 5, 1810, Mercy Whitman : Ch. : 
 1, B'reeman, b. Aug. 27, 1811, m. Lucy Ann Rice ; 2, Edward James, 
 b. July 3, 1813, m. Margaret Ann Tupp'-r ; 3, Benjamin Spinney, 
 b. Dec. 29. 1815, m. Anne Baker; 4, An.i Whitman, b. May 1, 
 1818, m. William Potter ; 5, Louisa, b. April 15 1820, m. Josiah' 
 Potter ; 6, David, d. unm. 
 V. Marv, b. Nov. 5, 1789, d. same year. 
 
 vi. George, b. March 7, bpd. June 25, 1792, m. Deu. 29, 1817, Eliza. 
 Williams : Ch. : 1, Helen Augusta, b. Dec, 1818, m. Alexander 
 Harris; 2, Elizabeth, b. May 25, 1821, m. William Wells; 
 3, Alfred, b. March 23, 1823, m. Dec. 26, 1849, Isabella Howe 
 
liKRTKAUX. 481 
 
 (dau. of VVilliHin) ; 4, Snriih Jane, b. Aug. 5, 1825, d. unm. ; 
 5, Clmrlotto Ann, 1). Aiil'. 12, 1827, ni. Charles Wells; (5, Emily, 
 1). Sept. 14, 182!), ni. John MtDoiniiind ; 7, Henry, 1). Aug, 5, 
 18.'U, d. uiun. ; 8. Maiiii, 1). May 18, 18;$;$, m. Oliver Hracebridge ; 
 !), Seraph, b. Feb. 28, 18;i5, ni. (ieorge LcCiiin; 10, Lucinda, 
 b. Mar. 2;$, 18;i7, m. (1st) . lease Heals, (2nd) (leorge Stevens ; 
 
 11, Caroline, b. .lune Ki, 1841, ni. (leorgo Wells; 12, Oeorge 
 Augustus, b. Feb. 27, 184:$, ni. Ph(ebo Jefferson ; i;$, Louisa, 
 b. Sept. 1, 1845, ni. Fdnuind Clark. 
 
 vii. Mary, b. Aug. 20, 17i'4, iii. William Fairn. 
 viii. Nancy, b. 18(X), m. Henry Hardwiuk. 
 ix. Mercy, ni. Henry Gates, M.P.P. (his 2nd wife). 
 
 3. Chaulks BEKTKAt'x, 1)orn, it is stated, in 1773, but perhaps iater, 
 married November 1, 1798, Mary Robinson. Childreri ; 
 
 i. William, b. March ;$, 180t«, m. Feb. 2(), 1824, Mary Hardwick : Ch. : 
 1, .lohn Henry, b. Mar. 10, 1825, m. Hannah Chute; 2, Emmeline 
 Elizabeth, b. Sept. 20, 1827, m. Ambrose Moore ; 3, Mary ,Iane, 
 b. Aug. 28, 18;$0, m. ; 4, Jud.son Adoniram, b. Aug. 22, 1833, 
 d. unm. 
 ii. Charles, b. June 5, 1801, m. Jan. 12, 1826, Sarah Dunn: Ch. : 
 
 I, Mary Jane, b. Nov. 23, 1820, m. Aaron Young ; 2, Charles 
 Wesley, b. May 2;$, 1828, m. (Ist) Charlotte Robinson, (2nd> 
 Abigail Burgess ; 3, Sarah Ann, b. 1831, ni, William Ker Hender- 
 son ; 4, William Henry, b. 18;$;$, unm. ; 5, Isabel, b. 1835, 
 m. (leorge Romans; (J, Mezelva, b. 18;$7, unm.; 7, Priscillii, 
 b. 18;'!», m. George Lynam ; 8, Almira. b. 1840, m. William E. 
 Foster ; 9, Celenia, b 1841, d. unm. ; 10, Ani.'nda, b. 184;$, 
 m. .John McKeown ; 11, George E., b. 1845, m. Jissie Quinton : 
 
 12, Celia, b. 18.50. d. unm. ; 13, Sarah Ann, b. 18.34. 
 iii. Ann, b. March 23, 180;$, m. Samuel Wheelock. 
 
 iv. James, b. Sept. 18, 1804. m. 1829, Parnie Wlieelock: Ch. : I, Letitia 
 Salome, b. 18;$0, m. .James Hutchinson ; 2, Harriet Ann, b. 1832, 
 m. Isaac Newcomb ; 3, Helen, b. 1833, m. Harding .Spinney ; 
 4, Parnie, b. 18.34, m. Caleb Spiimey ; 5, Samuel, b. 18;$5, m. Sarah 
 Ann Banks ; (J, Ezekiel, b. 18;$7, ni. Louisa Nichols ; 7, Lucinda 
 Jane, m. Charles Nichols ; 8, .Tames Maynard, m. Desiah Smith ; 
 9, Emily Jane, m. Ansley Banks ; 10, Laleah, m. William Shaw ; 
 
 II, William Burton, m. Mary Jane Allison. 
 
 V. Robert, b. Sept. 18, 1804 (twin), m. Olivia Wheelock : Ch. : 
 1, Lucinda, m. .Tohn Pjvtterson ; 2, Harvey, m. Francos Morton ; 
 3, James Henry, m. Susan Palmer ; 4, Albert, m. Harriet 
 Spinney ; o, Rol)ert Dickie, m. Sarah Hutchinson ; (>. Adoniram 
 Jud.son, m. ; 7, .Joseph, m. (1st) Eliza Rico, (2nd) — Thomas', ne'e 
 Parker. 
 
 vi. Edward, b. Aug. 7, 1807, m. 18;$7, Mercy Whitman, niece of his 
 uncle Edward's wife : Ch. : 1, Albert, m. Mary LoCain ; 2, David, 
 ni. Maggie Shaw ; 3, Maria, m. Benjamin B. Hardwick ; 4, Edward, 
 m. Mary Croker ; 5, Laleah, m. Marchant Rockwell; (!, Ada, 
 m. David W. Corning. 
 
 vii. John Henry, b. March 9, 1809, ni. Sarah Neily : Ch. : 1, Obadiah, 
 m. Lydia Eliza Harris ; 2, Albert, ni. Ella G. Wheelock ; 
 3, Sophronia, m. .Tames E. Oakes ; 4, Fitch, m. ; 5, Edwin, 
 m. Ella Bent : fi. Sophia, m. Melton Nichols ; 7, Annie, d. unm. ; 
 8, Burton, d. unm. 
 viii. Mary, b. Oct. 5. 1812, m. Thomas Baker. 
 
 ix. Harriet, m. — Jones. 
 31 
 
482 ItlSllOl' — UOGART. 
 
 Bisiioi'. Pktku liisHOP, of Connecticut, was a grantee in the townshij) 
 of Horton in 17")!). One of his Rons, the late Deacon William Bishoj), 
 removed to this county late in the cfuitury. Nothing is ascc^rtaincvl of 
 the immigrant ancestor, hut Peter is su{)i)o8e(l to have been his grand- 
 father. (Probably the American line extends back a generation or two 
 more, — Eu.) William married 1785, Elizabeth Copps. Children : 
 
 i. Daniel, h, 17H0, ni. Lucy Stevens, mr Kinney. 
 
 ii. Simuiel, b. 1788, in., 180!), Eliwiboth Hutchinson: Ch. : 1, Winck- 
 worth, b. 1810, m. (in United States) ; 2, Eunice Ann. b. 1812, 
 ni. Charles Anderson ; ,'5, Rebecca, b. 18ir>, in. Robert Starratt ; 
 
 4, Major Chipinan, b. 1820, ni. 18,t1, FninccH II. Farrington ; 
 
 5, Harriett, in. Robeit (iraves; <!, Kli/.a, in. .lames Bennett; 
 7, Emnieline, in. Miner C. Reals ; 8, Hannali Thorne, d. unin. ; 
 !). Mary VVo()dl)ury, n». Greene Tingley. 
 
 iii. VVilliain, b. 17!)0, ni. Rebecca Morse : Ch.: 1, Edward, in. — 
 
 Collins; 2, William Henry, in. Martha .lane Dmgin ; .'!, Elizabeth, 
 
 m. Charles Woodbury ; 4, Charlotte, m. Ingrahani Fitch, 
 iv. Shoriiian, i). 17!)2, d. unni. 
 V. (Jeorge, b. 17!)4, in. 1817, Diadama Longley : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann, 
 
 b. 1818, in. Siiinuul Fitzrandolph ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1821, d. unin. ; 
 
 .'i, Samuel Chipinan, b. 18215, in. Mary Rol)ins()n ; 4, Susan Mel- 
 
 vina, b. 182."), in. Asa Tapper Morse ; 5, William, b. 1828, ni. 
 
 Mary Ann Morse ; 0, Lavinia, b. 18150 ; 7, Harriet Adelaide, b. 
 
 1832, ni. Benjamin Prince ; 8, Dorcas Amelia, b. 18.'54, m. .lames 
 
 B. Neily ; !>, Henrietta b, 183(5, m. ; 10, (ieorge Ingram, b. 183<5, in. 
 
 Amanda Chipinan ; 11, Lucy Caroline, b. 1841, m. Burton Neily. 
 vi. Elias, b. 17!)7, m. 1821, Lovicia Longley: Ch. : 1, Isaac I .jiigley, 
 
 b. 1821, m. Mary Ann Spinney ; 2, Diadam, m. Thomas (jhittick; 
 
 .'^, Selina, in. William PaMerson ; 4, Israel, m. Harriet Pineo nee 
 
 Clark (no issue) ; o, (ieorge, in. Margaret Snnth ; (i, .lulin, m. 
 
 Eunice Parker ; 7, Annie, in. Thomas Welton ; 8, Adelaide, d. 
 
 iinm. ; !), Mary E ; 10, David, ni. .lane (iraves; 11, William 
 
 Edgar, m. Isabella Spurr. 
 vii. Thomas, b. 17!)!), in., 1823, Ann Fitzrandolph : Ch. : 1, Eliza Jane, 
 
 b. 182(5, m. Edward Schafner ; 2, Randolph, b. 1828. 
 viii. Mary Ann, b. 180(5, iii. (1st) Israel Longley, (2nd) Manning Morse, 
 ix. Eliza, b. 1808, m. Major Chipinan, J. P. 
 
 BooAKT. The immigrant ancestor of this family was among the best 
 of the good old Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York). Early 
 in the .seventeenth century one of the fanuly appears among the founders 
 of Albany, now the capital of that great State. Cornklius and Thunis 
 BoGART, relatives — perhaps first cousins —came to this county among the 
 Loyalists, and settled in Lower Granville. 
 
 CoKNELius BoGAUT, had children : 
 
 i. Luke, b. in New York, m. 17!^0, Eva Holms, b. in New York.: 
 Ch.: 1, Margaret, b. 17!)2, m. CJeorgo Worster ; 2, Cornelius, b. 
 17!)4, m. Hannah .lohnston ; 3, Samuel Helms, b. 1797, m. 
 Margaret Johnston ; 4, Ai)raham, b. 1799, m. (1st) Alice 
 Brown, (2nd) 1814, Rachel Bent ; 5, John, b. 1803, m. (Ist) 
 Sarah Emmeline Quisley, (2nd) Matilda Vroom ; (5, Eleanor, b. 
 
BOGAHT — IJOWLHY. 48.'} 
 
 1801, in. Miirtiii Olivor ; 7, Lsmic, b. I80(i, rii. AUliinta Ciosciii) ; 
 8, Hiinitio NuIhoii, h. 1807, m. Lucy Croscup ; !), Jficob, b, 180!), 
 III.; 10, Mfirnaret .Irtiio, b. 1811, ni. (iooiKo CroHcup; 11, Georgo, 
 b. 18i;{, d. iHKi. 
 ii. Abnihiiiii, in. (1st) 1810, Alice Brown, (2nd) 1814, Riichul liuiit : 
 Ch. : 1, ConioliuH, b. IHll, in. 18:5.-), Alioo Bont ; 2, Alice, b. 
 18i;{, d. 18l!t; (by 2iid wife): .'i, Siiniuel, b. 1814, d. 181!t ; 
 4, .I'lhii, b. 181»J, 111. .Mary Ann Diirljiiid ; ;">, Alary, b. 1817, in. 
 Daniel Boliaker ; (i, Conicliu.s, b. 1819, in. (icurgo Schafnur ; 
 7, I'liebe, b. 18:il, in. Solonidii P'arnsworth ; 8, Charles William, 
 b. 1822, d. 1825 ; !), Charles, !>. 1825, in. Cassil- Slcm ; 10, Mar- 
 garet, b. 1827, d. unin.; 11, William Henry, b. 1830, d. luiin. 
 
 TiiUNis |]o(iAitT, 1). 1750, in. 1778 : Cliildion : 
 
 i. AVjrahain, b, I77H, d. uiim. 
 ii. Isaac, b. 17H0, d. uiim. 
 
 iii. .Jacoi), b. 1782, in. Elizabeth Hart: Cb.: 1, Matilda, in. Rf)boit 
 
 Wylic, a native of Inverneashire, Scotland ; 2, Mary, ni. Zebediah 
 
 Croscup ; 3, Tlioiiiiis Hart, d. uniii.; 4, Henrietta, in. J. Bonihardt 
 
 Caliiek. 
 
 iv. Thunis, b. 1785, in. (1st) Mary Ann Anderson, (2ud) Mary LamViert- 
 
 .soii : Cli.: 1, Thunis, in. (ieorgina McCormick. 
 V. Katrina, m. Edward Thoriio. 
 vi. Miry, m. (lat,) John Liinburtson, (2nd) Elias Quureau. 
 
 BowLBY. The father of Richakd Bowluv, the progenitor of tliis family, 
 was born in Ijanoashire, England, and came to America in 1700, and after- 
 wards married and settled in New Jersey. In an obituary notice; a few 
 years since, of his grand.son, Adam Bowlhy, of Ontario (wliose son, Ward 
 Hamilton Bowlliy, M.A., LL. H., is County Crown Attorney of Waterloo 
 County, C)ntf rio), it was stated that his ancestor was one of tlie twtilve 
 associi'ted with Penn in tlie charter or afhninistration of tlie government 
 of Pennsylvania. I cannot exjilain that statement. Ricliard Bovvlby 
 came liere, a Loyalist, from New Jersey with his wife and family in 
 178.'5, and settled about two miles east of Lawrencetown on land lately 
 owned by Charles Elliott, where lie died at the age of ninety-nine years 
 and ten months. His eldest son, after Ids marriage, settled on Gates' 
 Mountain. The wife of the Adjutant-General of the Dominion, at 
 Ottawa, is a descendant of Richard Bowlliy, being a daugl-.*^^(!r of his 
 grandson Adam, and so, but in a female line, is the widow of the author, 
 and other descendants are among the people of note in Ontario, New 
 Brunswick, Micliigan, and elsewliere. A brother settled in Shelburne 
 County. His wife was Mary Drake ; and children : 
 
 i. Richard, jun., in. 178f>, Elizabetli, dau. of Adam Hawkesworth and 
 Elizabeth Wed«ewood, both mitivea of Yorkshire : Ch.: 1, .losiah, 
 b. 1787, d. 180;{, num. ; 2, Mary, b. 17:'0, d. 1803, uniii. ; 
 3, Richard, b. 17!):^, in. Leah Elliott ; 4, Adam, b. 17'J3, 
 m. — Sovoreno (in f)ntario); ft, Samuel, b. 17'.>4, ni. Rachel Gates ; 
 6, George, b. 1795, m. Mary Miller ; 7, Elizabeth, b, 1797, in. 
 
484 BOWLIJY — UKINTOX — MKOWN. 
 
 Asaliel Walker Doclf^o ; 8, Sidney Smith, b. 17!>0, "i- — Sover- 
 eno (ill Ontario) ; !►, Sarali, 1). 1802, u\. Lawienco Pliinney ; 
 10, Thomas, b. 180;{, m. (1st) Ann Gates, ('Jiul) Elizabeth Downio, 
 (;h'd) Tiiaiikfiil I'.owlos ; 11, Mary. b. IHOfi, m. Thomas Harris; 
 i'J, .John \Ve(l<ie\vt)()cl, b. 1811, m. Lavinia (Jates. 
 
 ii. Georye, m. (1st) Elizabeth Ciiesley, (2nd) — : Ch. : 1, Abraham, 
 m. Raeliel Phinney ; 2, Jonlan, m. 1821, Eunice, dau. of 
 Thomas Tiipper, brother of Rev. Charles ; he d. 1828, and she 
 m. (2nd) Henry Baker ; 15, Martha, m. Calvin Phinney ; 4. Achsa, 
 m. William Chesley ; 5, George, m. Sarah DeWitt ; (i, Solomon, 
 m. Susan Sjiri'jgs Slocomb ; 7, Aim. m. Barnabas Phinney ; 
 8, Amelia, m. Thomas Kempton ; 0, Mary m. Richard Kem|)ton. 
 
 iii. Thomas, m. (in Ontario). 
 
 iv. Catharine, m. Solomon Simpson. 
 V. Mary. m. --- Wilson. 
 
 vi. Rachel, m. Jolly Longshore, 
 vii. Sarah, m. — Bray, 
 viii. Martha, m. — . 
 
 Brixton. John Brinton, or Bhkntox, who is said to have been a 
 native of the nortli of Ireland, and to have been a weaver by tradt;, 
 married Jemima, da"ghter oi John Clai-k, of Yorkshire. The family, 
 which are not numerous, are still largely located in the vicinity of his 
 settlement. \ great-grandson, Rev. Charles John Brenton, M.A., is a 
 clergyman of the English Ohurch in British Cohuv.'jia. Children : 
 
 i. John, m. (1st) 1814, Su.san Quereau, (2nd) Marv Messenger : Ch.: 
 
 1, Sarah Ann, d. 182.5 ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1310, m. (lat) Francis 
 Lent, (2nd) — ; 3, Charles, b. 182i», m llllen i'oung ; 4, Ellas, 
 b. 1825, m. Hannah Chute; 5, Joshua, b. l^2'2. m. Nancy Mes- 
 senger ; (J, Ethalinda, b. 1827, m. .fames Mitchell ; 7, Sarah Ann, 
 b. 18;U, m. John Starratt ; 8, .\nsley, b. 18;{0, m. Sarah Starratt 
 (no issue) ; 0, MelLssa, m. Joseph Graves. 
 
 ii. Charles, m. 1817, Charity Quereau: Ch. : 1, Francis, b. 182.3, m. 
 Sarah Ann Chute ; 2, Sarah Pilizabeth, b. 1817, m. (Ist) Francis 
 Lent ; ;}, Judith Ann, b. 1820, m. Joseph Corbitt ; 4, Charles H., 
 b. 1820, m. Elizabeth Chute. 
 
 iii. Ellen, m. Beverley Robinson Beardsley. 
 
 Brown. Thom.vs Brown was .. native of England, probably of York- 
 shire, who came over not long after the arrival of the Massachusetts 
 settlers, for in 1767 he married Mary, daughter of Peter Starratt, tlien 
 living in Granville. Soon after this he became owner of a farm a little 
 to the eastward of Bridgetown. He had children : 
 
 i. John, m. 1800, Mary Farnsworth : Ch. : 1, John, b. 1801, d. unm. ; 
 
 2, Mary, b. 1802, d. 1820, umn. ; 3, Charles, b. 1803, d. 18;{0, 
 unm. ; 4, Lucy, b. 1805, m. Timothy Strong ; 5, Frances, b. 1807, 
 m. Isaac Marshall ; 6, Sarah Ann, b. 1809, m. Thomas Brown ; 
 7, Abigail, b. 1812, ni. James Cornwell ; 8, Ansley, b. 1814, 
 m. (1st) Mary Morse, (2nd) Ann Manning ; 9, Louisa, b. 1810, 
 in. (Ist) George Crowe. (2nd) Eliakim Tupper ; 10, Manning,, 
 b. 1818, m. Mary Ann Foster. 
 
BROWN— CALNEK. 485 
 
 ii. George, ni. 17!)6, Ann Clark : Ch. : 1, Thomas, b. 1707, m. Sarah 
 Ann Brown ; 2, Georjjte, b. 1801, m. Harriet (or Dorcas) Longley ; 
 3, Mary, 17!>8, ni. James Ilall ; 4, .losepli, b. 18UH, m. Ellen 
 (iate8(clau. Jos.) ; 5, William, b. IHDo, m. (1st.) Mary Cornwell, 
 (2nd) Mary Shaw ; <>, Seth, b. 1H07, m. Jane Snow ; 7, Ann, 
 b. 1808, m. .Josej)!! Rice; 8, Sophia, b. 1810, ni. Silvanus Snow; 
 9, Susan, b. 1814, d. 18;W, unm.; 10, Eliza, b. 1812, m. David 
 Harris ; 11, Loretta, b. 1815, d. unm. ; 12, Simon, b. 1819, 
 m. Rjichol Dill. 
 
 Calnek.* Jacob Calnkk, my grandfather, was of Jewish ancestry, and 
 himself a " Hebrew of Hebrews." He was born in Saxe Coburg-Gotha in 
 1745, and died in central Granville, 1831, at the advanced age of eighty- 
 si.x years. He married in 1771, at Arolsen, the capital of the dominions 
 of the Margrave of Anspach, llcisina Wolf, a native of Berlin, whose 
 grandfather, Bernhardt Wolf, was a native of Hartzfeldt, in Franconia. 
 His father, Jacob Bernhardt Wolf, removed to Berlin where he married 
 Hendel Burnett of that city, where my grandmother was born in 1753. 
 She died in 1822 in Granville. She was also of Jewish parentage. My 
 grandfather's only sister, of whom I have any knowledge, married Johan 
 Stiglitz, and was the grandmother of the late liaron Alexander Von 
 Stiglitz, of St. Petersburg, who v.as one of the millionaires of that wealthy 
 capital, and who died without issue, leaving !?75, 000,000, Canadian 
 currency, to his nephews, the llerren Herders oi that city. In 1775 
 Jacob Calnek, the ancestor of the Amei'ican family of Calnek, was 
 commissioned "Quarter Master" of the first battalion of Anspach, whose 
 services in the revolutionary war were emploj'ed on behalf of the Crown. 
 At the close of the contest, having first received the consent of the 
 Margrave, he determined to settle in Nova Si^otia, and having been 
 recommended by Sir Guy Carleton as being entitled to a grant of land, 
 he obtained one in Clements, in which township many of his countrymen, 
 who had been employed in the same service, were about to settle. He 
 then wrote to his wife in Berlin, from whom he had been separated for 
 the previous seven years, to join him here with four children then born 
 to them, which she lid in 1784. In the meantime her husband had 
 caused a log-house U be erected on his lands — those lately occupied 
 by Charles Jefferson, in Clements — which were situated in the wilds of 
 that township. On her arrival she transferred herself, children, and 
 such valuables as she possessed, and the}' were not few, nor of scant 
 worth, into the new dwelling, which had been prepared for them, and 
 commenced a new and, to her, a strange life. Not many months had 
 elapsed before an event occurred which left them in extreme poverty. 
 Their house and its entire contents were destroyed by fire during their 
 temporary absence, and the loss they sustained was the loss of everything 
 
 ' This I copied verbatim from the autlior's MS. — [Ep, 
 
486 CALNEK. 
 
 they possessed, except the clotliinjj; they stood in, and their children. 
 After some years of incessant struggle and deprivation they bought a 
 farm in Granville, and gradually became more easy in financial circum- 
 stances, and one of the grandsons still owns and occupies the old home- 
 stead. Their descendants are comparatively small in number, and are 
 greatly scattered. Thomas Maurice Calnek, M.J),, is a leading physician 
 in Costa llica, and another great-grandson is paymaster on the railways 
 of that State ; another is deputy manager of the Acadian coal mines in 
 Pictou County, and two others are settled in Manitoba. Others are 
 living in the island of Jamaica and in the United States, but the larger 
 number have homes in tlieir native county and province. 
 
 1. Jacob Calnek, b. 1745, d. 1831, m. Rosina Wolf, b. 1753, d. 1822, 
 Children : 
 
 i. Samuel, b. 1772, d. 1837, m. - Arundel (in Jamaica): Ch. : l(only), 
 
 Thomas, d. unm. 
 ii. Rachel, 1.. 177.'i, d. 1852, unm. 
 iii. Bernhardt, b. 1775, d. 1812, unm. 
 
 (2) iv. Maurice, b. 1777. 
 
 V. William, b. 178«5, d. 182{>, unm. 
 
 (3) vi. Jerenuah, b. 1789. 
 
 2. Maurice Calnek, b. 1777, m. 1820, Elizabeth Longmire, and 
 d. 1848. Children : 
 
 (4) i. John Bernhardt, b. 1821. 
 
 (5) ii. Henry, b. 1823. 
 
 iii. Mary Heater, b. 1825, m. Rev. John Moore Campbell, M.A., Rector 
 
 of Granville, 
 iv. Sarah Jane, b. 1827, m. John MeCormick. 
 
 3. Jeremiah Calnek, b. 1789, m. 1821, Anne Marshall, and d. 1880. 
 Children : 
 
 (6) i. William Arthur, b. 1822. 
 
 ii. Robert Wolf, b. 1823, d. unm. 
 
 iii. Rosina Wolf, b. 1825, iii. Rev. Henry Harris Hamilton, 
 
 iv. Benjamin Marshall, b. 1827. 
 
 V. Ann Maria, b. 1828, unm. 
 
 vi. Alfred Augustus, b. 1829, d. unm. 
 
 vil. Edward George, b. 1831, m. Mary Edna Colby. 
 
 4. John Bernhardt Calnek, b. 1821, m. 1850, Henrietta Bogart,. 
 d. 1896. Children : 
 
 i. Thomas Maurice, M.D., unm. 
 
 ii. Gilbert, m. Blanche Willett (no issue), 
 
 iii. .Julia, m. William Young, 
 
 iv. Rosina Wolf, unm. 
 
 v. Agnes, m. Alfred William Randall, a native of Antigonish. (See 
 
 Randall.) 
 
 vi. Matilda Wylie, unm. 
 
CALNEK — CMAKLTON. 4«7 
 
 5. IIknhy Calnrk, b. \8'2'.i, m. Annie Eaton : still living. Children : 
 
 i. Jiiec.b, m. 1887, Mary Bohaker : Ch. : 1, Hulda M., b. 1888, d. 
 
 1SJ»0 ; 2, Annie Atalanta. 
 ii. Liiurii, ni. Rev. Alton Bent, Rector of Pugwash. 
 iii. Eiuina, uniii. 
 
 G. William Arthuk Calxkk, b. 1822, m. 1851, Armanilla, daughter 
 of Lawrence Phinney, d. 1892. Children : 
 
 i. Bertha, b. 1852, ni. VVilliiiin West, 
 ii. Ernest R<)l)ert 'Volf, b. IHo.'J, unin. 
 iii. Mary Ciimpboll, d. luini. 
 
 iv. Frederic Hamilton Stij,'Htz, ni. 1887, Margaret Sini|)8on. 
 V. Mary Bowlby VVudgowood, d. nnui. 
 
 vi. Carl Casper .Jacob, ni. 1885, Elizabeth McBride : Ch. : 1, William 
 Arthur, b. 1886 ; 2, Edith Elizabeth, b. 1888. He resides in 
 Winnipeg, 
 vii. Sarah DeWolfe, m. 1890, William F. Farmer, 
 viii. Bessie Blair, unm. 
 ix. Edith Victoria, unm. 
 
 Charlton. John Charlton came from Newcastle on-Tyne, England, 
 to this county about the same time as the Massachusetts settlers, and 
 obtained a grant of land in western Wilmot. In 1765 he had cleared 
 fifty acres on lots Nos. 26 and 27, and had a stock of twenty-five head of 
 horned cattle. He built the first saw-iuill in that section of the county, 
 for which he obtained a bounty offered by the Government in 1786. It 
 was situated about midway between the old post road and the present 
 Brooklyn roiid, on the stre.am generally known as Palmer's brook. Henry 
 Charlton, one of his sons, went to the upper provinces, and it is said was 
 ancestor of John Charlton, M.P. for North Norfolk. Henry Charlton, 
 b. 1723, d. 1816, m. 1762, Mary Crane, b. 1739, d. 1815. Children : 
 
 i. Experience, b. 1762, d. 1851, m. Simon Dolong. 
 
 ii. Aaron, b. 1765, d. 1838, m. Grace Dumi : Ch.: 1, Elizabeth, b. 
 171W, m. .Jonathan Woodbury (son of Foster) ; 2, Letitia, b. 1795, 
 m. Isaac Dodge ; 3, Henry Dunn, b. 1797, m. Amy Nichols ; 4, 
 Sarah, b. 1799, m. Mark Simpson ; 5, Mary, b. 1801, ni. Edwaid 
 Thome Young ; 6, Edward, b. 18o5, d. unm. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. 1767, d. 1843, m. Charles Worthylake. 
 
 iv. James, b. 1768, d. 1846, m. 1784, Sarah Simpson : Ch. : 1, Mary, 
 b. 1785, m. Henry Grant ; 2, Henry, b. 1788, m. Catharine 
 Gardner ; 3, James, b. 1790, m. Rachel Graves ; 4, Silas Crane, 
 b. 1793, m. Ann Graves ; 5, Elizabeth, b. 1795, d. unm. ; 6, 
 Charlotte, b. 1797, m. (Ist) — Dunn, (2nd) Benjamin Sabin (the 
 father of Charlton Sabean, J. P., long Custos of the District of 
 Clare, Digby Co.); 7, William, b. 1799, m. Lydia Marshall ; 8, 
 Harris, b. 1802, d. 1805 ; 9, Thomas, b. 1804, m. Ann Katherns ; 
 10, Sarah, b. 1807, m. (Ist) Cornelius Brooks, (2nd) Peter 
 Mosher. 
 V. Henry, b. 1770, m. — . Removed to one of the upper provinces. 
 
4S.S ("HAULTON — CIIKSLEY. 
 
 vi. Cliiirlotte, b. 177!J, J. 1871, m. Andrew Beala. 
 vii. lsiil)olla, 1). 177>">, il. 1850, in. Henry Grant, of Weymouth, 
 viii. ll«)l)iTt, 1). 1778, d. 1874, ni. 180(), Elizabeth Starratt : Ch. : 1 (only), 
 Tlierosa, ni. Wheelock Chipnian. 
 
 CuESLEY. 1, Piiii.M' CiiKSLKY, tho iinniif,'niMt iinct'stor of tliis family, 
 wan probably from the vicinity of Dovci-, En;,'land, and was amonj; tlie 
 founders of the city of Dover, New Hampshire, in 1()42. Thomas,'- his 
 son, the first of the name born in America, was killed by Indians in 1697, 
 nnd Pliilip,-' another son, had two sons, Capt, Samuel' and James,' killed 
 in military service in 1707, probably in the attack on I'ort l?o>.i.I in that 
 year. Capt. Samuel iiad a son Samuel,* b. 1G9I, who also had a son 
 Samuel,"' b. 171.'5, and m. 17.*}3. Samuel" (■hesley, a .son of tlie latter, 
 joined the colonial forces raised aj^ainst Louisbur;.; in 17")8, but arriving 
 too late to participate actively in the siege, spent the winter of 1758-r)9 in 
 Halifax, and was sent in the spring to survey the lots of five hundred 
 acres set off to the N. E. emigrants to Granville ; took up one of them 
 liimself, and in 1761 married Eleanor, a daughter of Samuel Moore, who 
 had removed thither in 1760. He induced his brothers Joseph" and 
 Benjamin" to come ; and the former took a lot of five huixh-ed acres 
 adjoining Samuel's, but soon returned to Nhw Hampshire, selling out to 
 .Samuel for £20. Bux.tA.Mi.v" settled in VVilmot near the ])re.sent site of 
 Middleton. Samukl," an intelligent and well-read man and leading 
 magistrate, planted the first orchard of any importance in Wilmot, on a 
 farm called " Cold Spring," which he gave liis son James. Benjamin 
 also soon planted a large orchard on his farm, some of the trees of which 
 still bear fruit. Samuel," b. 17."U, d. 1818, ni. Eleanor Moore, who d. 
 1822. Chihlren; 
 
 i. Samuel, b. 17<).'{, m. (1st) Eunice Fellows, (2nd) Louisa Lovett : 
 Ch. : 1, William Smith, m. 1817, Ach.sa Bowlhy ; 2, Pliebe, m. 
 Robert Ansley ; 3, Samuel, m. Mary Ann Delap ; 4, Maria, m. 
 William Nicliol ; (by Jiid wife) ; 6, Thomas Willett, barrister, 
 b. 1814, m. (1st) Aiiielin Bishop (no issue), (2nd) Rachel 
 Clark (no issue) ; <>, Rev. Robert Ansley, b. April 10, 181(), m. 
 Hannah Albe ; 7, Charles Lovett, b. 181!», m. Mary Fitch ; 8, 
 Phebe, b. 1821. m. Edward T. Knowles ; 9, Henry Shaw, b. 1826, 
 m. Mary Godfrey ; 10, Phineas Lovett, b. 1827, m. Helen T. 
 Croscup. 
 
 ii. Molly, 1). 1764, m. Horace Thomas Clements. 
 
 iii. Betty, b. 1760, m. George Bowlby. 
 
 iv. Susamiah, b. 1769, m. Andrew Marshall. 
 
 v. Benjamin, b. 1772, d. 1804, m. Ann Dodge (dau. of Asahel), and 
 hadch.: 1 (only), Benjamin, b. 1804, m. Harriet Letteney. 
 
 vi. Hepzibah, b. 1773, m. Elijah Phinney. 
 vii. Nancy, b. 1770, d. 1800, unm. 
 
 viii. .James, b. 1779, m. 1805, Patience Hicks (dau. of Thomas): Ch.: 
 1, Russell, b. 180<), m. (Ist) Lydia Barnaby, (2nd) Selina Wood- 
 worth ; 2, Hicks, b. 1808, m. Sophia Chute ; 3, Hanson, b. 1810, 
 m. Eliza Woodworth ; 4, Nancy, b. 1814, m. John Rice ; 5, 
 
CHESLKV — (MIII'MAV. 4H0 
 
 Kolturt, I), 181(1, in. Harriot MiiihIiiiH ; <i, .Miiry Iv, h. 1818, in. 
 (iHt) .John .ArohibiiKl, (2nil) Willimn Mursliull ; 7, Kdwind, I). 
 18'2U, in. Mar<rHi'ut Morse ; 8, Saniiiel ; !l, Hoiijiiinin ; 10, iliiinus 
 (triplots, all d.). 
 
 Bkn.famin" Chkhi-ky (brother of Samuel) was Ixirii 1736, and died 18'2.'{. 
 He married (1st) — Hill, (2nd) Joanna Hatch. Children : 
 
 i. Denjaiiiin, 1). 1770, d. 1771. 
 
 ii. Joseph, b. 177^5, ni., removed to T. S. : Cii.: Cliarles and others, 
 iii. Lucretia, b. 177o, in. (Ist) (ieorgo Miinroe, (2iid) NVilliaiii Pearce. 
 iv. Amy, b. 177*!, m. Henjamiii Iliimsoy. 
 V. Asa, b. 1777, m. Rachel Davidson: Ch.: 1, (Jeorgo Kdwaril, h. 
 
 1820, m. (Ist) — Fowler, (2nd) Charlotte Malcom, m'e Marshall ; 
 
 2, Eunice Amelia, h. 1821, d. uniii.; .'$. Amy Lucretia, h. 1821!, m. 
 
 tlohn Ansley ; 4, Alexina, b. 1820, d. unm. ; o, Charlotte Hill, b. 
 
 1828. in. Elizabeth Landers. 
 
 IJy second wife : 
 vi. John, h. 177!l, m. Lucretia Longley : Cli. : 1, John Nelson, b. 
 
 1805, m. Elizabeth Young ; 2. William Ambrose, b. 1807, m. 
 
 (1st) Waite Kanford, (2nd) Mary Ann Alger ; H, Martha Eliza, b. 
 
 180!t, in. Allan Morse ; 4, Henjamin, b. 1812, m. Elizabeth 
 
 Leonard ; .'>, Diadaina Ann, b. 1814, in. Noble H. Beckwith ; 
 
 0. Phebo Lovicia, b. 1817, m. John Huston ; 7, Hcthia, b. 1820, 
 
 unm. 
 vii. Paul, '). 1781. in. Ann McKenzie : Ch.: 1, Ichabod. h. 1816, d. 
 
 iinm. ; 2, William, 1>. 1817, d. unm. ; .'{, Mary Ann, l>. 1819 ; 
 
 4, Eleanor, b. 1820 ; .'>, Susan, d. unm. 
 viii. Joanna, b. 1784, m. Joseph Stirck. 
 ix. Sarah, d. unm. 
 
 X. Elizabeth, b. 178!t, in. William Elliott. 
 xi. Rachel, b. 1792, m Henry Robinson. M.D. 
 xii. Samuel, b. 17'.)4, in. Rebecca Durlaiul : Ch. : 1, Phitibe, b. 1824, 
 
 111. Edward Palmer ; 2, Caroline, b. 182.T. m. Jo.seph Palmer ; 
 
 ;{, William H., b. 1H27, m. Adclia Wliitman ; 4, Eliza, b. 1828, 
 
 111. Avard Vroom ; .">, Havilah, b. IH'M, m. Parkijr ; 0, Joanna, b. 
 
 18,'}.'{, m. Ingram Reals ; 7, • — , m. Sampson Reals, 
 xiii. I'atience, b. 1707, iii. John Pearce. 
 xiv. Ichabod, b. 1800, d. 1811. 
 
 Ciiii'MAX. (The name was no doubt ori,!j;inally a place-name from 
 <Jliippenliam, by a not uncommon inversion in the development of names. 
 — Ed.) John Ciiipman, of Dorsetshire, England, came to Plymouth 
 Colony in 1631 in the same ship that brought Endicott. He married 
 (1st) Hope, daughter of the celebrated Pilgrim, John Howland, a pas- 
 senger in the Mayftoiver ; (2nd) Ruth, daughter of William Sargent and 
 widow of Jonathan Winslow and of Rev. Richard Rourne. He had 
 eleven children, descendants of whom in prominent positions have been 
 domiciled in nearly every State of the Union and Province of the 
 Dominion, and in some of the West India Islands. Hi.s tenth child, 
 John,- b. March 3, 1669-70, m. (1st) Mary, dau. of Stephen Skiff", (2nd) 
 Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Handley, a native of London. (3rd) Hannah 
 Hoxie. The eleventh child of John Chipman was by his second wife, 
 
41)0 CHI I'M AN. 
 
 and iiumnd HANiit.KY,' 1). August .'U, 1717, in. (Ist) April 'Jl, 171U,. 
 Jcun, diiu. of Col. iloiin mid Miirgiu'et Allrn, of Miiithiis Vineyard, ilu 
 came to Cornwaliis, N.S., 1701. He ni. CJnd) Dticembor 14, 177'), 
 Nancy, dau. of .Steplicn and I'ili/altt'tli (Claike) I'ost. He tilled the 
 otlices of Justice of the Peace and .Ju(l;,'eof Prol)ate. He died .May 27, 
 17'.t!), leavin;; .some MS. conunents on the New Testament, and other 
 interesting,' literary relics. (See p. 1H7.) Children : 
 
 i. Elizabeth, h. Fob. 1!», 1741. in. Williani Doxter, of Cranston, R.I. 
 
 ii. John, I). July '21, 1742, d. in infancy. 
 
 iii. Margaret, 1). ,luly 17, 174;i, in. Ilichard liacon, T'rovidoncc, 11. 1. 
 
 iv. .John, 1). Dec. IK. 1744, in. 17*>4, Kiiiiico Dixi>ii and had lo cli.— 8 
 sons and 7 (laughters ; lived in C'urnwallia, was Custos of the 
 County, d. lH:i(i, a. tH. 
 
 V. t.'atherine, h. Nov. 11, 174(), in. ,Fohn IJeckwith, jun. 
 
 vi. Handley, 1). Oct. !», I74H, d. in Nov. 
 vii. HobcL'cn, b. Nov. 8, 1750, in. Sitinuol Heck with, 
 viii. Anthony, b. 1754 ; was a soklier in Aiiuiricaii .\riny. 
 
 ix. Rev. Thomas Handley, b Jan. 17, 175(>, in. (Ist) Mary. dau. of 
 John Huston, of Cornwallis. ("Jixl) l7H(i, .lane Harding, of Rostoii, 
 (;{rd) 1820, Mrs. Mary Hriggs, Portland Mc. (4th) Mary Dunn. 
 He came to Anna|iolis County about 17!*ll, settled on the farm 
 owned more recently l)y Calvin Corbett, and in 18(»7 removed to a 
 lot in Nictaux. on which a grandson now or lately lived. He d. 
 Oct. 11, 18:{(). Ch. : 1, Jane, b. Oct. 'JO. 1777, m. Nov., 1798, 
 John M. Morse ; 2, Margaret, b. Sept 8, 177'.*, in. (Jeorge Troop ; 
 3, John H.. b. June 12, 1781, m. (Ist) March, 1801, Hojiestead 
 Barnaby. (2nd) .\nn Prince, iire Johnston ; 4, Ann, b. Aug. (i, 
 1784, m. Daniel Lovett ; (by 2nd wife) : 5, Helen, m. William D. 
 Randall ; *>, Mary, m. (ieorge Fitch ; 7, Thomas H.. d. num.; 
 8, Samuel Lord, b. 180;{, m. (1st) Oct. 25, 1827, Mercy Fit/.- 
 randolph.( 2nd) Ann Tomlinson ikV Schafner ; 0, .lo.seph Whee- 
 lock, in. Jan. 25, 1824, Theresa, dau. of Robert Charlton ; 10, 
 ..Eli/a, m. John Quirk. 
 By second wife : 
 X. William Allen, b. Nov. 8, 1757, d. aged about 85, m. Nov. 20, 1777, 
 Ann, dau. of Samuel Osborne : Ch.: 1, Rebecca, h. June 28, 177i*, 
 m. April 28, 17!»5, John Barnaby ; 2, Rev. William, b. Nov. 20, 
 1781, m. (Ist) Feb. 24, 1803, Mary McCowan Dickey, (2nd) Eliza 
 A., dau. of his uncle Thomas Holmes Chipman, and had 21 ch., 
 one of the eldest, the late W. H. Chijanan. M.P, and the youngest. 
 His Honor Ji'doe Chipman, of Kontville ; ;{, Handley, b. July 
 25, 1784, m. (Ist) Oct. 4. 180!». Polly Burbidge, (2nd) Juno 
 19, 1815, Annie Hoyt ; 4. Sarah, b. Aug. 10, 1788, m. Sept. 3, 
 1805, James R., son of Phineas Lovett ; 5, Hon. Samuel, b. Oct. 
 18, 1790. d. Nov. 10, 1801, in. (1st) May It!, 1815, Elizabeth 
 Cesner, (2nd), tJessie Hardie ; (i, Anna, b. Dec. 10, 1795, m. 
 Thomas, son of Phineas Lovett. 
 
 xi. Nancy, b. Oct. 6, 1772, m. May 27, 1793, Capt. Abner Morse. 
 
 xii. Thomas Holmes, b. (in N. S.) .Ian. 17, 1777, m. Nov. 10, 1798, 
 Elizabeth, dau. of Israel Andrews: Ch.: 1. Handley; 2, Israel, 
 l)oth b. 1799, d. same year ; 3, Wm. Handley, b. Feb. 10. 1801, 
 lived at Bridgetown ; m. (1st) Elizabeth, dau. of Joseph Troop ; 
 (2nd) Lorena, dau. of .Jonathan Woodbury ; 4, James Andrews, b. 
 Dec. 20, 1802, d. 1823 ; 5, Wentworth Allen, b. Nov. 10, 1804. m. 
 June 23, 1831, Mary Jane Troop ; 0, Eliza A., b. July 3, 1807, m. 
 Rev. William Chipman ; 7, Noble, b. Feb. 1810, d. young ; 8, Johni 
 
XV. 
 
 CHIPMAN — CIU'TK. 491 
 
 A., li. Miiy IH, IHl'J, ni. Feb. 'J5. IH.'UJ, Kli/,iiJ)oth, tlmi. i.f Alphoim 
 Harris ; !», /ncliurinli, I.. April IH, IK14, lived nt St. Stoplion. 
 N.M., fiithiT of Lii.ly Tilloy. -JikI wifo ..f Sir S. I.. Tillov ; 10, 
 S.iriili .M., 1.. April •_"_'. iHltl, d. M,iy ; ||, Hurriut, I.. Aii^. 1!>; IHIH. 
 xiii. Zutliiuinh, I). .M.ircli •_'(), 177'.t, m. N"V. L'1», 1H<KI. Al)ij{Hil. iliiu. of 
 •liimnH mid Miiry (Ddd^K) Urowii, Wuiiluun, Muhs., widow of 
 JoHoph Sliiiw, V'liniiciiitli ; livod in Yiirniouth, d. .Inly, I, iHtlO ; 
 Ch.: 1, Hethiii. h. Dot-. 10, IHOI. m. Sept. 11, IH2H, John ('. 
 VVilHoii, of NViliuot : '-'. TIioiim» Dine, 1.. July 27, IHO.'t. in. Miiry 
 Alice, dun. .'f Kev. Iliiiris Hurdini,', jjnindf. of Lkwis Cmii'M.vn, 
 Hiuri«ter. Y.innoutli ; li, llev. Ilolino.s, h. Dtic. 10, 1H04, in. 
 Jim., 1H27, Eli/.ii, dun. of Ale.\indt!r Miiyne ; 4, Al)iguil, It. 
 May ."1, IWMi, in. .Iim. '-'7, IHlT), .Iiicoli Flint ;' a. /iieliuriiili, 1). May 
 17, IHl,", d. in Oct. ; (i, N'aiiuy •lane, 1). April '2'k IMKi, m. Olied 
 MeKennii. 
 xiv. Major, 1). Doe. 4, 17H0. ni. Nov. -'.'), 1802, Klizalioth, dan. of \Vm. 
 Kisliop, lived near {.■awroncetown, Ciiston, etc., d. March 28, 
 1K71 : (Ml.: 1. Sami ki, 15. (M.l'.R). h. Aii^. 2, 180;{, m. Lovicia 
 Marshall ; 2, Nancy, b. Miirch 2, 1805, d. yoiiii),' ; U, F.dward, h. 
 Nov. 2, 1807. d. youiif,' ; 4, Lavinia, I). Fob. 2, IHll, m. William 
 Ml irse. 
 Sto])hen, I). Juno 2!». 1784, in. (Ist) March 24, 1804, Nancy Tupper, 
 (2iid) 1847, Jane Tupper, of St. John, N.I'..: Ch.: 1, Miner 
 Tuppor, h. Doc. 0, 18()r., d. Nov. 2, 182(; ; 2. Maria, 1). Fob. 15, 
 1807. d. Au«. II. 1824 ; a, Mfred, b. Aug. !», 1H0<>, d. 18;il, unni.; 
 (by 2nd wifo) : 4, Nancy Maria, b. July 2, 1848, in. (Ist) Rov. 
 Donald (lordoii, (2iid) Tlioina.s Kelly. 
 
 Tlie si.xtii ciiild of John Chipiniiii, tlio imiuif;nint, was .Samuel,'-' b. 
 April ir)th, 1661 ; he wiis fatlier of Hev. Jolin,' h. Feb. 16, 161)1. The 
 Rev. Jolin was father of Ward ' CliipmaT), b. 17.')4, ^{raduatc of Harvard, 
 a Loyalist, who was father of Hon. \V.\iiU ' Chii'.max, Chief J ustice of New 
 Brunswick, 
 
 CiiUTK. All the numerous family of CJiute in this and the nei;,'hbor- 
 
 in<^ counties are desoended from John Chutk, who was born at Rytield, 
 
 in Rowley, IMa: s., June, 1792, and married at Timberlane, now Hamp- 
 
 stead, N. H., Judith, dan. of Renjamin and Sarah Foster, a sister of the 
 
 Isaac and Ezekiel who founded tlie Nova Scotia families of Foster. He 
 
 was great fJtr(?at-<,'randson of Lionel Chute, the noted school-teacher of the 
 
 infant town of Ipswich, who came over from Dedham, Essex County, 
 
 En<;land, in 1634, and was of a family that came over with William the 
 
 CoiKjueror. Raron Le Chute commanded a re<j;iment of Norman troops 
 
 at the battle of Hastinifs. John Chute came here in HHO and was 
 
 probably the first artificer in iron to settle in Granville. The lot lie 
 
 settled on was in recent times still occupied by the late Dimock Chute in 
 
 his lifetime. He died November, 1791. The County of Annapolis in 
 
 every section owes much to the thrift and energy of the descendants of 
 
 John Chute. Children: 
 
 i. Samuel, b. Feb. 16, 1746-7, drowned Nov. 12, 1786, m. July 11, 
 1768, Sarah, dan. of Nathaniel Barnes: Ch.: 1, Elizabeth, b. 
 Dec. 31, 1768, ni. Joseph Weare ; 2, Mary, b. Dec. 24, 1770, ni. 
 
402 CHUTE. 
 
 Kl>one/.tr Womlwitrlh ; .'I, Ditniol, li. Oct. 7. 177'-, m. Sitruh 
 Woiiro ; 4, Al»rnlunn, 1). Fel>. IH, 177">, m. Mdiitiililo Koster ; 
 5, Williiim, h. Jiiiui '_', 1777, in. Miiry Mi»rnliiill ; ti, ShihIi, Ii. 
 •Inly It, 177'.h 7, S.iiiiiiol, I). Auk. ''•• •"''^' • ^- ''''•"■. ''• '>"'• ••'^. 
 I7H.(, 111. Kli/.;iltuth lliimlill, <1. IHi'O ; !», lUcliul, b. Due. 2!», 
 \7^'>, III. SiiliiiiKiii MiirHliiill, .liinu, lHl)r>. 
 ii. .I.)hii, h. April 7, l7tH, ,1. May 7, I74H. 
 
 iii. Hannuli, b. Sept. ItJ, I741t, ,|, Nov. 1. I74!t. 
 
 iv. .Iiilm, 1>. A|)ril \K l7r>'J, iii. Miiry, ib»u. of C'lipl. I'mil Oockor, of 
 IjiiiuMibiii'K, MiiHs., iiiovud to "The 'loK^riii," iiuiir l)i);)iy, d, 
 MurchH, 1H41: Cli. : I, .loiiiina, b. July It, 177-', in. 17!t".», Timothy 
 Uronkn; 2, Crocker, h. .Inn. '_'.'!, 1774, in. I7!t7. Cyiitlim Dmlvjo, 
 inoveil to I.uiioiil)ui>{, MiisH. ; .t, Kliziibi'tli, I'., b. April IH, 177ti, 
 III. 17'*-, Kichiii'il ('IihikIIoi', from Vnrkshirt', Kiii;liiii(l ; 4, (!ci)r){e 
 Wiisliiii),'toii, b. .\pril, '27, I77H, iii. I7!t7, Aiimi IJnthiick. uinl 
 livtiil in Liiiiunbiirn, .Mhsb. ; .">, !>iUiiol .Xnstin, l>. MukIi 1(1, I7H0, 
 d. I7!tt»; tl, I'iml, b. I7H.», in. Aiii;. o, IH'I4, Buriiiii, <ljin. <.f Dr. 
 A/or Hiul (ilnriuii.'i Hotts, lived iit "'Tlio .Injigin," neur ri^by ; 7, 
 Miny, b. April I'.t, I7H0. in. (Ut) |H1)1, Sulomoii K.iriio.'<\vortl\, (L'lid) 
 Feb. 15, IHi:i, .lohii KlliH ; H, Lydiii. b. April lit, I7H.\ m. Siiinuel 
 Foster; !>, I'otor Proscott, b. May •_'7. I7H7, in. IHOH, Liny, dnu. 
 of Diivid Riiidiill, d. IH(i.-); 10, Kleiinor, b. July II, I7H!>, in. 
 ■lames, noli of •loliii and Sarali Adain.s ; II .lolin, )». <»ct. 14, I7lt<), 
 III. Due. '-'r>, IHI.'t, Abii^ail, dan. of Slephun .Icmes, and lived near 
 "The JuKKin." I)iKl>y ; I-. I'l-'i'li Fowler, b. April 7, I7!t:i, in. 1HI4, 
 Hubert, H'tii of .laeiib and Mary Woodman ; I,'!, .losepli Fowler, b. 
 Feb. 'Jl, l7!t-">, 111. July 2.J, IMKi, Siim.iii Harris I'eliiam, lived near 
 Uiyby. 
 
 V. Bonjamin, b. Sept. 27, I7i>4, in. 1777, Martha, dau. of K/.ekiel and 
 Marv Foster: Cli.; I, Jame.'H, b. April I'.t, I77H, 111. Fob. ."1, 
 IH(tr, I'liebe, dau. of Thoniim Chute; L', Mary, b. May 21, I7H0, 
 III. .Ian. H. 1801, .Acpiila, son of .lolin and I'atience Lonjjley ; 
 Seth. b. .Sept. I."», I7Hl', in. Dec. Ki, 1805, Ann, dau. of Caleb 
 Fowler ; 4, Hannah, b. Dec. ItJ, 17^4, in. Ilandley Chute ; ."», 
 lienjainin, b. .April, 14, 17^7, in. Oct. IHOM, lle])/,ibah, dau. of 
 JHrael and Susanna Fellows ; (1, Kzekiol, b. .(an. (1, 17'J0, in. March 
 
 II, IHlit, Lydia, dau. of Aaron Morse ; 7, .loseph, b. Dec. it, 
 17!tl', 111. Nov. L'it, |H:(I, Theresa, dau. of Amos Kandall ; H, Katon, 
 b. Aug. 25, I7!t.5, d. Sept. 22, I7!t<) ; it, Martha, b. Au>,'. 17, 17!>!t, 
 
 III. Nov. IH, I82.'{, Isaac Woodbury, jun. 
 
 vi. Thomas, b. March !■'{, 1757, m. I77H, Sybil, dau. of William and 
 Lydia Miirshall : Ch. : 1. Catharine, b. March I, I7it7, m. .lohn 
 Weare ; 2, Thomas, b. June 14, 17H0, in. (1st) Oct. :{0, 1H04, Mary, 
 dau. of .lohii and F^unice Troop, (2nd) Dec. 7, IHI8, .lano. tlau. of 
 David Shook, lived at IJear River, Annapolis County, and moved 
 to Malahide, Out.; .'I, I'hebe, b. .Ian. l.'l, 17H2, ni. James Chute ; 
 4, Susannah, b. March 12, 17H4, d. Oct., I7!>7; 5, Esther, b. Oct. 
 li>, 17H.5, m. .luly 7, 1H07, Rev. (Jilbert Spurr ; (!. Snrah, b. Oct. 
 .'50, 1787, 111. Dee. 1(5, 1811, William, sim of Isaa(, Marshall; 7. 
 Andrew, b. Sept. 15, 1785), in. Feb. 17, 1814, Olive, dau. of 
 Elea/.er Woodworth ; 8, Abel, b Oct. 5, 17!H. in. Dec. 7, 1817, 
 Sophia Potter, lived on Hessian Line road, a licentiate jireacher, 
 father of Harris Harding Chute, M.P.P. ; 0, Elizabeth, b. June 
 .30, 17iW, d. Dec. 22, 181.'}; l(t, Calvin, b. (Jet. 23, 17'.>5, m. 
 Dec. 27. 1819, Maria, dau. of .Joseph and Maria Gilliland; 11, 
 John, b. Sept. 25, 17i>7, m. Sept. 25, 1821, Eliza, dau. of Jo8ei>h 
 Potter, 2nd jiin. ; 12, Susan, h. Oct. 22, 17it!t, in. Abrani Chute ; 
 1.'}, Binea, b. June 23, 1801, in. Nov. 12, 182i), Louisa Jane Foster ; 
 14, Sophia, b. .luno 2<i, 1803, ni. Boenier Chute ; In, Hicks, l>. 
 Auj,'. 14, 180(i, died Aug. 18, ISOfi ; 10, James Edward, b. May 5, 
 1810, m. Sarah Matilda, dau. of Asa Foster. 
 
riUTi: •i.AltK. 4!>.'l 
 
 vii. Sanili, h. Nuv. M. 17">H, in. 1777, Tlmiiiiw Hii'kM. 
 viii. .Iiiiiios, 1>. .Iitii. li-'. l7*>-(tlii' fir^t in (ininvilli'). ni. Isti 17H.'I, Kli/a- 
 liiitli, (Inn. lit .Minor iiml Anna .MciiHtt, (L'n(l).liin. 'JH, IHOl', |<;ii/.it- 
 liolli, iliin. (if .lolin Hiid Sylviii (lliiriiM) Wright: Cli. : I, .Miiii!!', 
 Ii. Dei'. •-', ITH:;. ni. Foil. i'M, 1H()7, Sdpliin, ilmi. (if Kdwiird und 
 LdiH .MiUiidc, kilU'd liy liKlitiiinK. Auk. I-''. 1^4'-'; 'J. .Idlm, l>. 
 17H."t, (I. 17!>7 ; .I. SiliiH, U. .Innu ir>, 17M7. ni. Ndv. 'J(i, IHI'J. 
 Miirv Kiimli, Inud iit rpiior (MiiicruK ; 4, .liauli, h. Fili., 17H!>, 
 d. Oct. lit. 1«I7 ; Ti, lliuidli'.v. Ii. Ihc i:!. 17!K), m. .Inn. i:t, IHI4, 
 Hiiniiiili, dun. nf Iti'iijimiin and .Mui'tliii Clintd, livfd itt Clinto'ri 
 <'(ivu (nciw lliiiii|it()n) ; ti, llidi'ii, li. I7!'-, d. Nov., 17!'7 ; 7. 
 htkvid Mdi-Hc, li. .Inn. I!, I7!)r>, ni. .Inn. I'O. MIH, Suruli, dan. df 
 Uii'liard and Kli/.iitu-tli CliandliT ; H, Ann, It. I7!''/, d- Niiim ; (liy 
 L'nd wifo) : !», Dniidck, li. .Ian. 17, iHd.'t, ni. S..|it. liH. IM.V), 
 Mini'tta .Vnii, dan. iif K/.ckinl and li^dia .\. Cluito ; lt>, Sydnny, 
 li. Oct, IH<»4, d. .IiniLi 17, lH2ti ; II, ("liii»td|ilier Harris, I'l. .Ian. 
 ;i. |H()7, d. Auu. '-', IH.VI ; !'_', Anj,'UH. Ii. May 14. iHO'.t, tcaclior ill 
 St. LdniN, IKtIU; |;t, (ifdino, Ii. Maicii :!0, IHl".'. d. May lit, 
 lH'j;( ; 14, Kov. Oliod, h. Ant,'. H, IHI4. in. Mary .lane, dan. (if 
 CliarloH iind .lanot Cd.\ ; l.'i, C^ii-dlinu llad.isBa, li. \Iarcli 2H, IHlit, 
 d. April:!, IHHti ; Iti, Klizalioth Chaiidtto, b. Aug. la, IH'.'ii, d. 
 N(iv. L'il, lH4.'i. 
 ix. H.innnli, li. .Ian. -2, 17<i4, in. 17Hri, Ohadiali MorHi'. 
 X. SuHHii, li. Dee. 10, i7(i7. m. Foli. 5, 17^8, Anids Kandall. 
 
 IIkv. OnKi) CiiUTK, M.A., lidiii near Hridj^t'tdwii, whm a |ii<iininoiit, 
 alilo and luueh csti-cmcd I'.aplist cl('r;,'ymaii, and fatlu'f (if Kev. AuTlU'ii 
 Ch.wvi.kv Ciiu'I'i;, iuiw t\w accomplisluMl and alilc past(ir iif tlif h'irst 
 Baptist Cla. ell, Halifax. 
 
 The render is rtiferrcd to tlic full and very valuable genealo^^ies of this 
 family and its eoiiuectioiis by Mr. W. E. Chute. 
 
 Clauk. VVlLt,i,\M Cl.AliK, a liit,'lily respeetable tenant fanner of York 
 shire, came with his family of four children and nephew, .John Bath, iti 
 1774, his wife having died just before his departure from Hull. On his 
 arrival at Halifax he bought a lot in ({r.inville from Mr. Fletcher, the 
 Deputy Provost Marshal of the County. In about a year he returned to 
 England, and wlien he came out again, brought with him his brother 
 John, who, with his wife and five daughters, .settled in the eastern 
 suburb.s of Bridgetown, on the farm more lately known as the Joseph 
 Troop farm, where he died in 1782, leaving no male issue. William 
 
 Clark married (1st) 17.59, Dorothy , and (2n<l) Mary, dau. of Mrs. 
 
 James,* a widow, of Annapolis, formerly of Kilkenny, Ireland, who 
 married for a second husband, Robert Walker, and had children : 
 
 i. Mary, in. Andrew Walker. 
 
 ii. William, b. 1784, m. Elizabeth Oatley, and had ch. : 1, William, m. 
 (Ist) 18:J3, Henrietta Durland, (2nd) Mary Eaton Fellows ; 2, 
 
 * In tiio hiogniphical sketch Mr. Calnuk says ho married the daughter of a Widow 
 James, and that there were no children by tlie union. In the genealogy he says he 
 married the Widow James, and mentions several children born in Nova Scotia. 
 
494 (;i-AKK — fdUIUTT. 
 
 Miiry, Ml. Anion I)illini, of MiKliy ; ;t, ItitOiiinl, m. Siihhii IIiirriH ; 
 4, .loliii, in. (1st) ,\iiii WliiliMiiii, ('Jiiil) Kiiiiii.'i 'raiiMcr ; Ti, Mli/ii- 
 liulli. III. IS.'ii jiiiiiin Laiii;l(!y ; li, l)iii'ollii;a, d. iiliiii. ; 7, 'I'Ii'Miiuh ; 
 H, iMiiiy, iiiiiii. 
 
 iii. Kicluini, 1>. IV'i'i, m. Mary Milltir (dan. nf KninciH) : Cli. : I, Mariit, 
 III. .laiiicH llari'iH; 2, Kli/iilxilli, in. •I<is<^|)li llai'i'JH; '.I, William, 
 III. Jo.'inna Diinii ; 4, itacliul, in. .lacoli Dmliru ; r*, .Nancy, in. 
 (/'o(i|it!r lioalH ; (1, .(i)«i?|)li. III. Maiiii .Mi>r;^Hii ; 7, .Mary, in. David 
 r>i'iil, ljuiii;l(iy ; H, Ricliard, in. Mary I'lli/.iilii't.li Warwick. 
 iv. Hai'licl, li. l7'iH, III. KraiiciH Miller (lii.s 2nd wifn). 
 I'.y .si-ciind wife : 
 
 V. |{i»l)(!it, li. 1777, ill N.S., III. (,'atlicriii(! I'.iiliakor : (,'ii.: I, Mary, h. 
 IHOI, III. |)avid Koslur ; 2, .loHopli, li. IKO.'), in. Iliiiiiiiili (iilnioro, 
 iii'r KaijIrHoii ; .'5, .lainoH, ii. IMOfi, d. nniii. ; J, .lanicM, h. IHOH, d. 
 iiniii ; r*, (.'liar'iitli', li. JHH), m, 'riiuniaH (iraiivilUi Walker; (>, 
 IMrliar.l, 1(. IHI'J, in. I'lJi/.aliiit.li ,\iiii SliafiKjr ; 7, CliarloH, I.. IHM, 
 III. I'.iirliai'H lUu:k, iii'i' hyiiit! ; H, I)aiii()l, I). IHM», in. (JMt) Kliza 
 Wlio(il<ii;k (dan. of SuiniMir), (tiiid) Lmiisii Mali ; it, Uohcirt-, li. 
 iWf), III.; 10, Radiid, I.. IHIH, in. TIioiiihh W. (JlioHliiy, g.C. ; 
 
 II, Kiliniind, It. IH'J2, III. Iroiio Walkur ; 12, liaiiiiali Kli/aliolh, 
 I). lH2'.i, III. Hoiiry <inioiiW(Mid. 
 
 vi. .laiiKiH, 1). I77'.>, III. Mary Mcdnitli: (;ii.: 1, .liiiium, 1). JHIH, d. 
 IH,",;'. ; 2, |{()l.crl„ 1). \HV.), d. IH22 ; ."., Kolilida, I). 1H22, ni. (IhI,) 
 licoiiiu'd MoCJurinick, (2iid) .loiiutlian 'laylnr ; 4, I'oIkii'I. Miner. 
 I). IH27, iliini.; 5, Kli/a .\im, !». 1824, in. Ilchcrl II. I'.alli, .1. I*. ; 
 <;, .\i,M'.\,U Norman, I). lH2!t, d. iKH4 ; 7, Rachfl .Adiilaido, I). IK;',;;, 
 
 III. Aimer 'rriiop. 
 
 vii. .Iiiliii, \i. i7H2, III. Mary llohiiiHrm ; Cli.: I, Ainoret,, m. Sidney 
 l'()(il(! ; 2, Mary, in. William fiat.eH; ;!, .Inlin, ni. LoiiiHa Hi^riy ; 
 4, 'raiiinr, in. .lames \'an liiiHkirk ; •"), Roliort Ralph, m. Marin 
 l)iii'laiid ; 0, Nancy, iii. AndriiW liCu ; 7, I'aroline, m. Alhuit 
 IjyoiiH ; M, Wallace, d. iinni. 
 viii. 'riiimiaH, h. I7H4 i'l. Mary (Irnckoi : Ch.: I, Klijiih, in. (in 
 Kr(^d<jri(tt,()n, N.I!.); 2, (iilhort. in. (in Yarmontli) ; .'t, Nancy; 
 jierliapH iillicr.s. 
 ix. lloiiry, 1). l7H(i, m. .Saraii RnhiiiHon : (.'li. : I, ll<!nii(!t,ta, m. Kdward 
 Fo.tter 'I'liorne ; 2, William Meiiry, in. (Ist^ I'riideiictt Reai,di, 
 (2ii<l) ('(^rellia Clinte ; ;i, N!ary Matilda, m. John Kin!< ; 4, Kdvviii 
 Riit.liven, m. Lydia St.eadinaii (in I'.S.A.). 
 X. Nancy, h. IIM, m. (iilhert. Fowler, 
 xi. .)<)sc|)li, 1>. I7!'l, il. iinm. 
 
 CoKlilTT. [haiaii (Joihiitt, wlioHf riiiirir! is fouiirl in tlio ccnsu.s of 1 70H, 
 ciitno, tradition HfiyH, from .soiik! pl/icc. " l)aek of Jtostoii," svit.li the othnr 
 (iiirly Mas.H!icliusel,t,H net.t.lcr.s. lli; lifid, bcsiden jxti'liiijiM otlicrs, a hoii 
 Amlirosn Alvaii, wlioHe iiainiMippeai'.s in t,li(i capitatjoii tax list, of I7'.)l. 
 yVMliHf).si'; Alvan CJoiiltilT was iiiaiiied twice; ; t,li« nanm of tlio first, \vif(i 
 I do not. know ; tin; H(u'ond was Mai'tha (Jlark. Ho iiad children, perhaps 
 besides otlifTS : 
 
 i. Ichahod, I). I7H(), "di.'d March :U), l8«l,aKod KO." Having rocoivod 
 HM injury to his knoc which hindered him from followinjj outdoor 
 |iurHiiitH, ho is said I > luivt! liijjinn teac:liiiij{ school at, the aj^e of li, 
 and followed that <!alliii^ until his deat.h. Me imirri<!il, IK()2, 
 Kli/.alietli Kairn : ('\\.: I, Amhrose Aivaii, l». .Ajiril a, IK((.'{, ni. 
 — I>iniii, d, l>ec. 22, lH(ir> ; 2, ISiiiiiamin IJriaii Stearns, h, 
 Jan. II, 181)8, d. Foh., I87!», iiiiiii.; :{, iSarah, h. March 28. 1810, 
 
coHiurr — covKiiT. 4f)') 
 
 (1. N<iv. 17, Hiiimi yciir ; 4, VVilliiitii lltmry, li. Apr. «!, 1HI2, in. 
 April 7, Ih;!.'!, Knuilnvo KiiidiMi; 5, Kli/.iilitith Ann, li. iJco. L'H, 
 IKI4, ni. (idiirKo Ordii ; <>, Miiry Loiiiwi, I). Ajiril, 17, IHI7, rn. 
 .lolin r.a(!(in ; 7, .\rlliiir WrllMiKl"n, l». April liO, |HI!t, ni. Mivry 
 K. Iliilliinij, unil was Iimil! h Ittiulin^ Miorrliiiiil. iinil liili^ly (ihhI 
 rii!iHl,('r of Annap(ilin ; K, JjininH Kilwfinl, li. Apiil !'-', IK/'J, ni. 
 .liMHi'JH, IM47, Kli/filxilli l,(;('uiii ; !>, Ilcltm Sophiji, I.. April 4, 
 IH-J'i, III. .loliii l{i<;(i ; 10, ('innlino, in. .lolin Spiirr. 
 |{y HitciiiKJ wifi; : 
 
 ii. .lolii'i, I). I7h:1, III. Kill). H, IHI7, Marin MarHliall (ilau. of John): 
 Cli : I, Mary Ann, li. All^. H. IHIH, in. Iloiiry (Jilliatt; li, .loliii, 
 li. S(!pt. 10, IK'JO, (I. iimii. ; ;t, Kli/,a, in. .loliii Saiiiiidl VVoodworUi ; 
 4, iSrIina, in. Minlhiy Wood worth ; n, (.'alvin, in. hiny (Jroscnp ; 
 <i, Mfl'iMJ, (I. iiniii.; 7, </liai'loUi!, in. Soloinon .Mai'Hliall ; H, Maria 
 •Sawyor, d. niini.; !t, Mclvina, in. I'otrr Nii;k(!rHon ; 10, ,\da, in. 
 |{(ilii!i't MarNli.all (Kon of .SlcpluMi), of Mai'Hlialll.owii. 
 
 iii. Ari(!l, in. Margaret. FoMlor ; Hnvoriil cli. 
 
 CoVKKT. WiM.lAM CoVKKT, of a \o.ry ii'.s|H!(;tiil>l<! old New York 
 Dutch family, ami lirotlitM' Al)raliaiii, lioyulists, caino Imrc. in I7H.'{, and 
 (ii'Ht, .sat down in Wiliiiot, iiiit .soon VVilliaiii movi'd t;» (Jranvillc, and 
 Aliiahani to New iJriiiiswick. Tlie latti lion, .lolin Covert, and INiv.W.S. 
 Covert, Rector of (irand Maiiaii, N.l'i., are de.sce.ndanl.s of tin! latter. 
 Aliout the Kaiiie time, .John, a eonsin of these hrotlie.r.s, settled in lower 
 (iranville. William Covert married (!liarlott(! Mt;l>ride and had children : 
 
 i. Kdward, in. IHI',>, llo.saniia VV'ado and liad cii. : I, (Mlioriie, h. IH20. 
 III. Doliorali FniHtir ; 2, Charlotte, b. |M'J2, in. Alfred Yrum^ ; 
 :i, Kt!/,iah, l>. IH2:J, nnni ; 4, David W., I). 1824, in. Mary 
 Antlioiiy ; o, VVilliain, li. IKiJd, uiiiii ; ti, Kli/ahoth, h. IH'J!>, in. 
 iHaidh YoiiiiK ; 7, I'liuho A., h. IK.'U, in. VVilliain VVhilo ; K, 
 ■laiiKiH, h. Ih;>4, d. (at. huh) uniii. ; i>, AuKimta, in, Rohert iliil 
 
 Y<)Uiii< ; 10, Daniel VV., ni. (Isl.) Hannah Maria , (2nd) 
 
 Mart.ha K. Ilogan. 
 ii. Kli/.alieMi, iinni. 
 
 iii. Ahrahiiin, in. 1H2.'{, Sai li Yonti),' (dan. of Samiiul) ; (Mi.: i, Mary 
 Ann, h. IH24, in. Kiioh Flowellini^ ; 2, Aniorot, h. 1825, in. 
 Sainnol Khtwellinn ; .">, (Joor^o A., 1). 1828, in. I'mdonce IJeiit ; 
 4, (!haili)H W., I). 18:!:'., in. (JHt) Woodhiiry, (2n(l) SandurH, /(«■< 
 ; i"), iSainantha, h. 18;j(!, in. Hayard Mari^oHon. 
 
 iv. .lohii, d. niiiii. 
 V. Mary, in. ThoinaH Wade. 
 
 vi. .lii|ilM!t, III. Marj^aret, KiiiMinan (no iHHiio). 
 
 vii. I'hiihc, 111. Klislia Kituli. 
 viii. Sophia, d. iiiiiii. 
 
 ix. William, in. Mary Ann CroHliie : (Jli.; 1, .lolin, m. Ann (Jesncr ; 2, 
 Rohert, iiiiin.; :{, (JharlcH, in. Hannah Nnlt,er:4, Saimiel, d. 
 UIIIII.; 5, Amelia, niiiiii. ; «>, Kli/.al>eth, in. KiiH.sell LoiiKmire ; 7, 
 Kredmic!, in. Mary HeHtiir Lon^inire ; 8, ( Mnlrnilo, iiiiin.; '.(, 
 (/Viroline, umii.; 10, Fonwick, d. (at Hoa) iiiiiii.; II, Huriicrt, 
 d. num. 
 
 John Covkkt, couhIii of the prec(«lin;,', liorn in Now York, 1701, m. 
 Mary MuhhcLs. Cliildren : 
 
 i. Mary, d. unm. 
 
VM't (.'uvi;it'r f'ltui'i.Kv ('iims(m:|'. 
 
 ii. Williiiiii, III. Miililiiii Sniiw ; <'li.: I, Ijiildi, in. (If') Kli/.iiliitlli 
 I'A'olnll., CJihI; ( Villi liii .limit 'rmiiili ; 2, .liilial li iti I)., i|. iiiitii.; .'I, 
 Siinili II., III. (Ill,) .litiiii'H \\'i)(i(lliiii<l, O.'iiil) Williiiiii 'I'lJKti-y ; ■(, 
 Miiry I']., li. iiiiiii.; i), VVilliiim llmiry, <l. iinin.; <!, tlitini^H fiilirunil;; 
 7, Miilild.i VVylii% il. iiniii.; r(, I liiiiiiilial, il, iiiiiii.; I», ( irorj^iiiii, 
 III. Myrii;-! Uimiihi'iiimIiii (no iHMiii!). 
 
 iii. I.iiko, i|. IIIIIII. 
 
 iv. .Idllll, ij. IIIIIII. 
 
 V. I'illwiiril 'riiuriin. .III. .Miiiiii |{.c)i)|) : ('li.: I. Mmy .\iiii, n. .Ii)'ii!|)li 
 Miiiii.ll. ; ',?. .I.iliii, III. .Ma,y Kli/.ilirt,li ( '||ii' i ' (.Li iil M/.ni) ; .'{, 
 I')ll/iiliiil II, .liiliii .iiiliiiNiiii ; i, I 'jii'iiliiiit, III Siuiiiir' It 'II'' . ■'), 
 • 'yiilliiii, III. (Ji!iiii»<! I'liitJioily ; (J, I'iiniii.'i Mli/.u, in. iCirliiiru ftiir|iitii 
 ('liiilii; 7, I'Mw/tril VValluri!, m. ( 'iirojiiiii ( 'iimc.u|i. 
 
 ('iiii|'M;v. W'ii.mam ('ihhm.kv, n. luil.ivi- ol' .Siilliijli ('(iiiniy, Kii;^'l;unl, 
 riiiiKi liiTi! ill l7H.'t, a wiilowi-r, vvilli nni' rjiiid, n, hhii iiImiuI. I.wi'Ivi! yi'iir.s 
 ol't, :iii(l .hoMIimI nil llanJi'y iMounl.aiii, wliicli wilh (ov Hoiiiit yiwti'H l,lii>. 
 most |iii|iiiloiis iiinl |iros|iiT(iiis Hrl I.IiuiimiiI. in Wiliiiul.. .Mr Oiopli'y, 
 l»Miif< II. iiii'iiiliiT lit' till! (/Iiurcli 'it' l'',ii;;laml, ulliriali-il as lay iiwidcr in 
 I.Im! aliHi'iii'i. lit' l.lii- ri'cl.ur, llnv. Mr. VViswall, I'ur inany yrars. Hi- wiih 
 aJHo I. III! llrHl, si'lioiil iniwlrr lln'ri-, liciiiK a|i|iMiiil.ci| l»y (lin Soriitl.y fur {]»' 
 l'r(»|iapil.i(»ii lit' till- <iiiH|ii'l. II Ih hou, John C'u'H'i.kv, Imin in 1771, 
 niarrifil in I7'.M, Mary, ilau^^lil.i'r of AiitliuMy MarHliail, ami ilii-il in 
 |K.-,K. III. hail I'liiidrcii : 
 
 i. William, I.. I7'.)l, III. lHi:t, Kli/.alM>Ui Hull : (Mi.: I, .lolm, l>. IKII, 
 III. ('jiariollii hiirlaiiil ; 'J, Mary, li. IKKi, m. llmiry, Hon uf 
 l';ii|ilial.-l. I'.unks; :t, Williain II., I.. IHIII, in. I''iml.iir ; 4, 
 
 .laliii'H, Il '^2'.^, III. .Nlai'l.iia Hall ; .S, I'liliir, i|. illliii. 
 
 ii. Mary, li. iM/i), in. .laiiiitH Howtiiit. 
 
 iii. Hitiiry Ailiin-, li. iKIt.'t, m. .Maria .Millor: (Mi.: I, Narali ; 2, 
 Itaiiif'iril, III. Iiui:iii<la Milimry ; ■'{, .Marin, iiniii ; 't, liiiviiiiu, in. 
 (IhI) Imiuii; .Milimry, ("-'ml) lliinry l'i!iiri;ii ; n, (Miarlolin, m. I'Mwanl 
 I'uarni. 
 
 iv. ('ittliiiriiiii, II. IHOi'i, III. (iiioiKii Miller. 
 
 V. .Iiiliii, II. IHII7, III. LoiiiHii iMilliw: (Ml.: I, .Iiiiiiuh Kilwanl, in. Hiinili 
 llawkimwiirtli, now Mim. .1. I''. .SaiinilciiN, l»i(.;liy; 2, Sarali 
 Klizalmlli, III. UoJM'rl Milliir; .'(, Mary, in. Olilliain |5owlliy(iio 
 iHHiiii) ; ■(, .\i|i!laiili\ III. («i>orj^<' .MomIihc ; u, .Mi-xainliu' Sluplioii, 
 III. Ailiilia KiM'i' (no iMhini) ; <l, .lai:oli, m. Alma liyln ; 7, Kiniia, 
 il. IIIIIII ; H, VViillai:!!, iii. Mary Sl.(t|ilii'im<>n ; !>, Anna, in. VVilliiiin IS. 
 lliiwki'HW'orlli, of I>i'.;l»y, now of Marlilnlioad. 
 vi. I{.i<:li(!l, l>. IKDt), III. IH.'td, Ainlinmi) (iatiiM. 
 vii. I'ldwaril, li. IK|;t, in KiiHan (iriivitH (Hiivural rliililriiii). 
 viii. Haviil, II. IHIfi, in. Amoriit .SlarraU. (Hitvoral i;liil<li'<Mi). 
 
 X. .laiiiitH, II. IHIH, III. il,.!Mi(!i:a KllioU.. 
 
 CiiomMJi'. Lniiwni ( !iti».s(;ui', of (ti-riniui nxtnu.-fion, ohiik! Ih'io anion;,' 
 \,\\(i liOyaliHl.K of I7H.'1 with a (MHisidiMalilc. family, and Ht^l.flcd not, far from 
 (ioal. JKlaiid, (Jraiivillc. \lt' had hi-cii marrird in N(!W York, He had 
 cliildnii : 
 
 i, .Inhii, II. I77r>, in. (Ut) - KowUsr, (2nil) Ann (..MKiniiiii : (Mi.; 
 I, .lolm, III. Mury Hull ; 2, KMtliur, in. JfiiiiuH Kliitfiiur; .'i, MoMJaiiiin, 
 
CIIOSCI'I' ItANIKLS. 4!)7 
 
 III. IH'J.'J, Ann llimly ; 4, I'Mwiiiil Kuwlrr, m. (-'iiMuiriiin Hliufnor ; 
 (liy'Jiid wifti): Ti, Siinili Ann, in. ilfmy,,: DitxtiT, M.l). ; (i, Hlnidicn 
 floOnm, III. Siiriili AikIi^ihuii ; 7, JdMliim, in. RolMimi Ann IlickH 
 (nil. 1.1. N.IV. 'J»l, l«W»), 
 ii. Ann, !>. 1777, in. .lolin <,»ntiniiiii. 
 
 iii. Duniid, I. I77!t, iii.(ImI) IHOH, I,uc7 llitll,(l,'n.|) Smuli On.irriui : i',U. : 
 I, Miuy, I). |HU!», ni. .Iom('|»Ii AniloiH.in ; 'J, Aliilitni.ii, I.. IHII, 
 III. Imim; Moduli ; .'t, (inoiKo, li. lH|;t, in. .Iiinn l!i»Kai'l, ; i, l,u<:y, 
 li. iHir., in. N«ln..ii Mo^Hit ; u, Duiiiitl, I), IHI7. (I. \H2i;V,, VVilliiim, 
 l> IMllt, Ml. Ihiiniuli Aninliii Si'liiifnc-r ; (hy 'Jnd wifii): 7, Siiriili 
 l';ii/./il.ftli, li. iHL'ii, <l. nniii. ; H, l)fini<;l, I.. IH2(i, iinin. ; !», .Sumin, 
 I.. IKL'!», in. IIoImiI, I'lii.i.y. 
 
 iv. (Iviiiyi^, I,. I7HI, ni. IKOil, IVIiiilliu Hull: Cli. : I, .l.wrpli VVilliiini, 
 l> IHI(», III. Annunillii Ki.ditilHun ; li, .IdIhi, I,, iHlii, m (ImI.) Kli/.ii 
 Hull, (liiMJ) 
 V. 1,11. IwJK, li. I7h;!, III. IH07, KliziiluiMi (!iill<in : Cli. : |, (Jd.mk.. 
 l,iiin|iM..n, 1). IH(»K, .1. iiiini. ; '„', l.ii.lwiK /iili.i.ii/tji, 1.. IKJO (m, 
 iimnc) ; .'t, K/.il(i.'l ll.uiry, li. IH|:!, m. MmI) Ann H.'iil, ('2ii.|) Kli/n 
 Cr.niM.i; i, Wiiliiini. Ii. |H|H, in. jluiiniili (lul.t.ui ; Ti, Mmy Ann, 
 I). IHli'_', .1. II, nil ; (;, (;,iiuliii.i I-;., I.. IH'J'.t, III. <V|il,iiin .l.>|iu 
 llcMiry ItiiKiirl, 
 
 l)A,Nii;i,H. I. Aha hANli;i.,H wuh un .ni^^imil j^'nmt.M' <iC lIk- i.iwnnliip 
 .if Aiiiiii|):iliH, (Miming in l,||.. <!/iiiriii.i.ii;/ Midi if. He mcM.Ic.I iwar l.lic 
 .•ciilr.' (if tji.i l.)\vii.slii|>, ilikI liis (!.';<(-('ii(liuil,H ,s(,ill rcHi(|(! in tliat, |i.irl,i(in 
 (»f it.. 'I'll.! f/unily i.H .»f Mii^^'liHli .)ii;;iii, nnd l.ln- ininiiKiii.n(. anccsl.or uiih 
 uinoiijj; \\\i'. ciiily ;t('l,llci;i in the old cdlonifM. lie wiiM Ikii'ii I7;t;5, imij 
 iiiariifd Mary ISidi'r, wlio was horn IT.'tl.and died |H|(). Ilndicd |H|;(. 
 Cliildicn: 
 
 (U) i. Ki.lin.iin, I.. I7<ll. 
 
 (:i) ii. .i..mi|iii, ii. I7(;;{, 
 
 iii. Ihiltonili, III. Nitllmiii.'l LuiiKlity. 
 
 •1. I'liMiKAlM l>ANii-iH, liiiiii I7(i|, inaiii.'.l Aiinii l.aiif^dfy, and had 
 ('liil(li'(Mi : 
 
 i- l.iivi, Ii. , III. April i;i, |Ki)<», Kli/iil,„|,|, VV.iodl.ri.li,'.! : Cli. : 
 
 I, <;yniM, I.. Ajilll IH, jKjO; 'J, I, ,,111.1 l''.'II..WH, I.. ,S..|.I. -JK, IHII ; 
 
 .'», .S1c|,Ih,ii, 1.. Oc'l. II, IHKi ; I, ,S;iiiin(,|, Ii. May L'.., |H|(i ; f,, .t,,||ii 
 
 I'llli-.l!,, h. .1(111. li;., IHIH 
 ii. Ash, III. .Nov. lit, IKI'.t, Fiviiicih Oliv.'r: (Hi : l,.litnicH, I,. Anj,'. M, 
 
 IHlil ; li, It.niiiiniin, I.. .Inly li, IHlil. 
 iii. K|iliiiiiin, in. Dec liu, IHliH ; Cli. : |, .i.M.niiiali, li. .Iiinn Iii, |H:tl ; 
 
 li, iHiaol Kilninn.i, li. May :tl, IK.'i.'l;.'!, Ilarriiil, Kli/.il.i'tli, h S.-i.l,. 
 
 'n, IH:ir.; .|, VVilli.iiii ll..nry, I.. Scpl,. 17, Ik;!H; f,, |'|i,.|,„ .lun.i, 
 
 l». .)iiini 2ri, iHlii; (i, .Svdn.'y ll/irriH, 1. April ;iO, iHlli; 7, Norman 
 
 Walla.:.., I.. April Iii, \K,\. 
 iv. .laiii.m, .1. IKliO 
 V. Itenjainin, in. Ann lti'ardHl.'y.<< 
 
 ' I'l'iV^ ■li'iiN |{ivMiiiMi.i:v, of l'oii)/lili.'.|.Ni.!, N.Y., Ii. at .Sl.inl lord, Conn., I7.TJ, 
 wiinin l77H,riiiipliiiii ..I llic Loy/il AiiHTiiiiii H.^Kiin.-nl, .:oiiiiiiiiiiil.:d l.yCol. |{()v.'i'l..y 
 UoliiliHoli. Ill I7H:| Ii>: .•iilii.' widi liiH l.(.0lll.:lll, lo S(,. .lolin, N.H., liv'.i.l (it, Mail^irr- 
 vill.' iLiid KiiiKuLon, (iiid d. IMM). IIIh yoiiiiKCHl hoii, Hon. HaiUiolonmw ( I., pr.iini 
 nciil. in piilili.t lit.' in Ni:w ItruiiMwii li, d. iil, Toronto, 18/55. Oilier d(w;eiiil(i.nlM liavli 
 .'iii 
 
idH DANIKLS — DAVIES. 
 
 vi. Joel. m. Dec. .'Jl, ISiM), Eli/.i Liinnley : Ch. : J, Busby, h. Nov. 27. 
 JH.'tl ; 2. Olmrloltu. b. Feb. 2H, 1H;{2 ; : , Winchester, b. .Inly 25, 
 lH;ir> ; 4, .\si», b. .\iig. IH, IH.'W ; T), Hennif,'ur. b. .Imio (1, 1844 ; 
 (>, Ahco Isiiiloni, b. Ajiril 2.'!, 1853. 
 
 vii. Pfitioiice, iii. Thoinas Moore. 
 
 viii. Small, d. Aug. 2, 1821. 
 
 ■^ JosKi'H Daniels was Imum 170.'!, manicil June 1."), 1 7S(i, Mary 
 iitiu<fi\ey ; Children : 
 
 i. Jo.soph, b. April 18, 1788, m. Aug. 24, 18(Kt, Mercy Tufts: Ch. : 
 
 1, Simoon, b. Oct. 21, 1810; 1', I'hobo, b. .Juno U\, 18i;5 ; 
 
 :?, Hiinnah, b. Sept. ;{(), 181(i ; 4, (ieorgc, b. Sept. 2ti. 1821. 
 ii. Miiry, 1). .July 11), J7!U, ni. (1st) llobert Thomas, (2nd) Thomas 
 
 Callahan, 
 iii. Phebe, b. Oct. 2!», 17!'.'}, ni. Thomas Margesim. 
 iv. Asa, b. Nov. 18, i7!t5, m. Margaret Hiilsor. 
 V. Alpheu.s, b. Auj,'. i:i, 17!»8. ni. Oct. 5, 1821, Mary Oliver: Ch. : 
 
 1, Eliza Ann, i). Jan. 18, 182.'$ ; 2, David Oliver, b. July (J, 1825 ; 
 
 3, Can.iine Francis, b. Sept. 27. 1831. 
 vi. Zephaniah, b. May 27. 1801, ni. Nov. 4, 182't, Sarah Langley : Ch. : 
 
 1, William Burton, b. April 27. 1833; 2. Sarah Ann, b. Aug. 
 
 28, 183(i. 
 vii. Zachariah, 1 . Aug. 13, 1804, ni. Jan. Hi, 182."i. Horatia Nelson 
 
 Balaor : Jh. : 1, Wellington, b. Jan. 24, 1824 ; 2, Samuel, 
 
 b. April U, 182(1; .3, Mahala Elizabeth, b. July 0,1828; 4, Ebenezer 
 
 Rice. b. July 15. 1831; 5, John Meiiry. b. Jan. 11. 1834; 
 
 (!. Alexander C, b. July 25, 18.'ii'» ; 7, Thersey (Theresa 0. b. Mar. 
 
 22. 183!); 8, Alpheus, b. Aug. 31, 1841 ; !>, Mahala Elizabeth, 
 
 b. .April 3, 1842. (Wellington Daniels, eldest son of Zachariah, 
 
 is father of Oklanoo T. Daniki.s, Es()., Barrister-at-law, 
 
 Bridgetown. ) 
 viii. Eli, b. April 4. 1800. 
 ix. Beriah Bent. b. April 8, 1808, ni. Nov. 7, 1833. Susan Langley ; 
 
 5 ch. 
 X. William, b. 1810. 
 
 Davies. John William Davik.s, of Wales, came to Annapolis 1749, 
 
 married in 1753, Ann -, and died in 179-1^. He left at least one son, 
 
 (iEOKCJK Davie.s, wlio married January 4, 1791, Mary, daughter of 
 Abraham Hpurr, and had children : 
 
 i. Mary Elizabetli . May 15, 1792, in. May 4, 1810, John George 
 
 Struve. 
 ii. Ann Martha, b. Dec. 1, 1793, m. March 8, 1815, Fred. LeCain. Slio 
 
 d. Nov. 30, 1819. 
 iii. Thomas Harris, b. Jan. 11, 1799. Rev. Thomas Harris Davies 
 went to St. John, left the Church of England for the Met ihj list, 
 was ordained, and went to ShetHeld, N.B, in 1823, and preached 
 on various circuits in the two provinces, including Cape Breton. 
 
 been conspicuous in that province. Col. Beverley Robinson Beardsley, probably a 
 son, m. Sarah Hatch, and lived at or near Port Lorno, Annapolis County, many 
 years: Ch.: l,John, ni.; 2, Sarah, m. Thomas Rhotlea ; .3, Samuel Camptield, ni. 
 Lavinia Margeson ; 4, Beverley R., jun., in. Nellie Brinton; 5, Elizaljelh, m. David 
 Marshall ; 6, Anna, in. Edward Moore (his 2nd wife) ; Patience, d. young. The 
 name still flourishes in the county. — [Ed.] 
 
DAVIES— DAVOIK — l)E I.ANCKV — DKI.AI". 499 
 
 KIu wiia it fiikhfiil Hnd iil)lu niiiiistor. He iniki'riud Laviiiia Drew : 
 (III. : 1, (ioDi'i^d S.. III. Mury Ann Schmidt; 2, Miiry K., m. (1st) 
 (►won Cliiijiiiiuii, (2iid) VVilliiiiii Etter ; .'{, Ijiiviiii.'i Drew ; 4, Aimii 
 M., III. NiiluiliiH iMosluT ; 5, Sunili E., in. .loliii H. Hicks ; 
 (>, Thoin.'iH Williniii, runidvud to New llanipHhiru ; 7, ('lmi'li)tto N. ; 
 H, Edwiird .liiiiiL's ; (t. 'I'lieiuHii C. ; 10, Honriuttii A., in. Enoch 
 Dodf^o; II, An<;u.stii IV, in. Rev. (Icorf^e E. Tufts, Himgor, Mc. ; 
 12, Einiiiit S., III. Itoliurt .lolinHtoii. 
 iv. Williiiin llonry, t). J804. 
 
 Davoue. Col. Kkkdkkic Davouk was a prominent Hj^'un: in the social 
 aiuJ public lift' of the county after the arrival of the Loyalists. He mar- 
 ried (1st) Hetliia, dauglitof of (Jalniel Punly, ('^i»<l) Bethia .St(>rns. This 
 hwly was a widow, and had l>y (list husband a dauj,'liter, Marj^aret Ann, 
 who married SercMio V. .lones, Ks(|., of Weymouth, his second wife, and 
 beoaino the mother of Htern.s .Jones, Esq., of WeyiiKJUtli, and otliers. 
 Eli/a, a dau{.;liter by his first niairiajj;e, married 17'Jli, Luke Spenser. 
 Bethia Ann, his (eldest daufihter by second marriage, married January 
 4, 1814, John Koliertson, l"iS(|., whose daughter Charlotte married Beed 
 Willett, and is now living in Annapolis ; .several desc(!ndants. Kloriana, 
 another (hiughter, married January 29, ISIT), Anthony Vancrossen 
 Somersill Forbes, of H. M. 61th Regiment, father of Dr. Forbes, M.P., 
 and grandfather of Judge Forbes, of Liverpool, \.S. Col. Davoue died 
 February 4, 1811, aged 87, and is buried in il small lot near the "mile 
 board," where .some of the de St. Croix family, also Huguenots, rest. 
 
 Dr Lancky.* Col. Jame.s Dk Lan'cey was Ixirn September G, 1747, 
 ttiid married Martha Tippett. He died May 2, 1804. Children: 
 
 i. William, b. April !), 178;{, d. July, 18«!9, m. Oct. 2, 1808, Elizabeth, 
 
 dau. of Ste|)lien De Laiicoy : (Jli. : 1, Maria Esther, b. Aug. (J, 
 
 1810; 2, Stephen James, b. Aug. 20, 1812; .'{, William Petor, 
 
 b. March 3, 1814. 
 
 ii. Maria, b. Jan. 2;{, 178«, m. 1809, William Gilbert Bailey. 
 
 iii. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 27, 1789, m. Feb. 1, 1808, Henry Goldsmith 
 
 (no is.sue). 
 iv. .lames, b. April, 1789, d. 1813, in Canada. 
 V. .John, b. .lune, 1791. 
 
 vi. Oliver, b. April 30, 179.S. Killed in battle, 
 vii. Susan, b. April 3, 1798, d. Sept., 1813. 
 viii. Stephen, b. March 27, 1800, d. without issue. 
 ix. Peter, b. April 24, 1802, in. Elizabeth., dau. of John and Mary 
 
 (Saunders) Starratt, and had two sons and several daughters. 
 X. Ann, b. .Jnne 10, 1804, m. Nov. 13, 1825, Stephen Bromley, son of 
 Walter Bromley, of the Royal Acadian School, Halifax. 
 
 Delap. — In \799 the ship George and Ann, Rymer master, waa 
 chartered to sail from Dublin to Philadelphia with 114 passengers ; the 
 real number on board was said to be 190. They set sail on May 29th 
 
 * See niemoirH of Stephen and James De Lancey, ;■•- 339. 
 
r)00 |)i;i,AI'— l»K ST. CIMUX. 
 
 [)n»viHi((inMl for l.wo rnonllis, Imt, th« voyii^^c^ wiw |)i()lon;,'f'(l to i.ir) (|ii}'h, 
 (luring wliicli inort! tliiiti half died of privation and diN('as(t. Tint Hiiiviv- 
 inj; jiaHHcn^jfTH HUHpcdtin^' a dcHi;,'ii of (lit^ captain to conipaHH tlmir 
 destruction in order to po.sstiHS himself of ihcir money and eire<'ts, ovfM"- 
 ■powored him and deinanderl that Ik land them at. the nearest place, 
 whi(;h proved to he Monotony Point., near Kastham, Mass. TIk! <'aptair> 
 proceeded with his ship to I'hiladelphia, where he \\u^. prosecuted for 
 his misconduct, convicted and exi-cuted. A pasMeii;,'er named |)elap, 
 from C'avan, Ireland, with wiftt and four' daii^^htcrs, all died, the mother 
 nob till after the landin;{, leavin;,' on<^ son, .Iamkn, a;;ed II. Il(^ learned 
 th(! trad<^ of a iilacksmitli, and marrii^d Mary, dan^ht<M' of I'enjamin 
 O'Kelly, at Yarmouth, Mass., .lunit li'J, 17.")?^. She was hoi'n Aprd H, 
 1720. They MvimI at Jlarnstahle, Mass., over thirty ye.us, iind iherr 
 iiiov(mI to (Jranvitle in th(^ spiinj^ ftf 1775, jiiohahly as Loyalist. refu;,'e(^s. 
 lie died there in 17H7, ii.;{ed ~'2. Their' children were: 
 
 i. KoHe, h. I7'>!', rir. I7ri!t, I'lht^rrc/er ScmidiT. 
 
 ii. Ahi^ail, \>. 17'tl, ni. I7<)4, •lolin ('ulerMiirr. 
 
 iri. < 'iilhur'iriu, li. I7'l't, rri. AriiDHOiis, r>itrnstiililt!. 
 
 iv. TlniriiiiH, It. I7'tr>, (lieil in Hiripwr'uck on Niintiicket, Ou<:. <i, 1771. 
 
 v. Miiry, h. 1747, rir. Setlr IJiit^kirs, of liHrriKtiilile. 
 
 vi. Siir'ali, h, I7r)l), rii. (Jiipt. .Iiiriies Cor .Iouiih) KarriHWorth, 4 cli. 
 vii. .Iiirj'-, i). l7r»"J, u}. 1774, .lornis FiirriMwortlr, coirHiri to tho ot 
 
 lOcli., I WHS Rev. .InrricH l)ei;ip h'.iniswortli. 
 viii. Iliurn.'tli, h. I7<»i>, m. Sarmrei Str'oot, or Steol, ciiptuin Hr'itJHlr Navy. 
 
 ix. Tu»'t(ioiiuice, \>. I7i">7, rrr. iJeiicon T1ih<Mouh HarriH (soir of (juhhurrH) 
 hveil in ('oriiwalliH, ili. IH'.VJ. 5 v]\. 
 
 X. .lames, I). I7ri'.», rri. Hst) I77*. Sarah Walker, who d. ahout iHiiH, 
 ('Jrrd; Kli/.ahclii, dan. of Lieut . Sarnuul I'ii^kerinj^, of the .\rirer'i<:art 
 Army, and wid. of .loliri I'rrij^r-ee (hoii of Mohch). lied. April 17, 
 1841': (!li.: 1, TlioriiaH, h. alioirt I7HI), rrr. Mary Arm Lloyd and 
 had IK cli., who wero related to tho celohrated Wrir. Lloyd (iarri- 
 Hon I tlirrik couHins ; 2, JairruH. .IamI''.s lJr':r,Ar' was arr ellicient 
 and r()S|)i'clod riKMirhor' of tlio I'rovirrcial I'arliaineirt, rrr. (Ist) 
 Mar-y, darr. of Isaiah Shaw, ('Jrrd) Kli/.a, dim. of .lames Hall, i* 
 oh.; .1, llolittrt, rir. Ilarrriith llalKdair. of Sairruul) ; 4, Williaiir, 
 iir. Soplii'i, dau. of Itov. David llarriH (worr of Lihheirs) ; 5, Mary, 
 rrr. .larirt Hall ; (!, .Iiirre, rri. Samuel I'iitkiip ; 7. Sandi. in. WuHtori 
 Mall; K, llaiiiiali, in. riioiiias Hohhleo ; !*, Teriiper'ance, in. Sarriiud 
 Hall, jiirr.; 10, Ahr^ail, d. iHtiJ, a. 70. (The orwU-r- in whiuir 
 thuHuar'u irrsortud in not tho order of tho hirth of tire ch. of .lames.) 
 
 Pr: St. Ciioi.v. .To.shiia Dk St. Cnoi.v, of Ifufjrrenot extractioir, ir, 
 pr'oi tiKMrt Loyalist., marrit^d L<-ah (laiiliuhttte, and hir,d ohildron : 
 
 i. L'-ali, rii. Samirel Willett. 
 
 ii. Mary, iri. (Ist) Oaloh h'owlor, ('Jird) Isaac Woodhury. 
 iii. honjairriri, lived in I'r'inuo Kdward Islaiid. 
 iv. .loHliua, d. mm. 
 
 v. Potor, rri. Kupheiiiia Palrrrt^r : Ch. : I, Loair, in. Thomas Sinclair, 
 M.I). ; 2, .losliua, d. rmrir. ; .'(, liorrjaririir, lived in I ..S. ; 4, 
 p]ri|')h()irrin, m. \^<tii,u lioirnett ; 5, !'«ler Lewis, lived in l'.>S. 
 
ItriMAKS -IXtlMIK. 601 
 
 DlTMAits. Tlic DilrniiiH family of this ((ninty urn (Icsccjidcfl from .Tdii 
 •liiiiscn, of Diliiiiii'Ht'ii, ill IIh! |)U(;liy of Kolstcin, Lowim- Saxony, who liiul 
 H >,'i'uiit of hind at Diitrh Kills, I/my Islund, Htuti! of Now York, in 
 Hi 17. lie fjii'd hnforr HiTiO, farly in which yt'iir his widow, Nucitiif 
 I)<inwi', ifmairiod, h-avinji HoiiH .John' iind hoiiwc.'op l)ow. One Dow 
 Ihlinars, in I7')H, h<-ld ii, commission as a lieutenant/ in a company tiiat. 
 Went under (iciicral AlM'icromltic t.o 'l'i(;ondcroira. AiKttJicr l)oiJ\VKor 
 how DiTMAKH came tr» Nova Scotia with the Loyalists of 17H.'5, and, 
 according' to the hest. information I can ;:'et:, was horn in 1721, and 
 iiiairied in 17 7. I cannot, ^.(ivc! t,he names of t.lie ancestors int.(!rvenl;ij^ 
 lim illy hotwoii John" or Doiiwe'and him. There wiiH also a Ijoyalist 
 .John .1. Dilinars, wlio died here in |K2!», a;,'ed !)7. 1. DotiWK I)itma|{s, 
 t.he lioyalist., was, in 1777, a triisi.ee t,o |>r<)vide fuel an<l other artJt les 
 for till' hospital on Lon^ Island, and aft<;r^^'al'ds an ensign in the loyal 
 forcoH. lie had (children : 
 
 (2) i. Ihiuic, h. 174H. 
 
 ii. Doiiwo, 1). I7r»0, III. I775>, Kiilo SiuMliknr : Oh. : I, ('ntlioiliio, h. 
 l7Ht>, III. NicliolnH .Iui.ch; •„', l'lieh.1, 1). l7H;t; .'{, Miiry h. J7H7, 
 III. .lolin KiMip; 4, Shi'iiIi. I>. 171)0, .1. IKI4. 
 iii. .tolin, 1). I7-V2 in. 177'!, Miij^diiicn Viin<l(irl)i!t, d. IH22 : (Jh : I, Dow, 
 b. 1/77 ; 2. .loniiiiiiili, h. I77;>, in. Kli/iilmt.h , iind d. 1H'_M ; :«, 
 
 CiMierine, \,. 17HI, d. l"'*."., I, .(olm, 1.. 17H:», in. IHt).",, June 
 Vidoiii, (I, IHol ; r», /\l)ii^ail, ]>, !7H(», in. Henry Vrooiii ; (i, .lano, 
 1.. I7H!>, III. IHII!, LeiMina Vroom ; 7, Mu^'didoii, I). 17!»ii, <1. i7!»r» • 
 K, Miiry, 1). l7i»J. d. I7'.ir> ; !». Ciillieriiie, h. I7!>t<, m. ilnv. isniel 
 I'ottor'; 10, Miiry Miii^.laleii, 1». 17'.»H, m. Williiim I,. lUy. 
 
 2. Thaao Ditmaks, horn I 7 IH, married .lane, dan^diter of (leoi i(e Vroom, 
 and had children : 
 
 i. Doiiwo Ihuhc, b. 1772, m. 17!t4, Kliz.-iietli Fowler: Cli. ; I, .John 
 Hiiiiiy, 1). I70."», Ml. (L^n lionitia (iosiier, (2iid) .laiio K HiiriiH ; 
 2, .liiiK), I). 17!'7, 111. I'ctor r.oi.te ; '.'•, isiiuc 1.. I7!W, m. Kli/.dieth 
 Spnrr ; 4, (iilliiirt h'owlor, in. (Ist) Wnlt,li(!ii llyursoii, (Hiul) Har- 
 riett IJuKules (dull, of 'riioiiiiiH 11.); u, VVilliiiin. 
 
 ii. SiiKiti, Ii. 1771, 111. .ShiiiuuI I'urily. 
 
 DoiiiiK. .losiAii l)on<!i',, ancestor of the Oranville family of tlie nanus 
 was horn in MasHachiiscitts, ahoul 17IH, and Wii;. destend.xl from Hichard 
 Dodj^e, of Salem, Ui.'JH, who was Hori ot .John Dod;^!!, of Somerscit.shire, 
 Knj^land. .losial: Hod^e served in the ex|i(Mliti<>n aj^airist Louishurf^ in 
 I7.">f^, and in I7i')l> was .sent to assist, in t.hi? survey of that townshii) ; 
 after completiiif^ tliis service he returned to his old home, ami came hen; 
 in I7til with his family and the maohinery for a grist mill, which h(^ 
 i'.rocted on ihe Phinney lir.iok, so called. Ii;) inarrind (Ifeu) Susanna 
 Knowlton, who died 1758, (2nd) 1700, Hannah ('oiiant.. The first grant 
 of the ttiwnsliip heing t-o a nuinliiw 'f proprietors 'is tenants in common 
 on certain condition.., was voided, and a now one inadu in severalty, and 
 
r)()2 hoixii:, 
 
 lio wiiH a|i|iiiiiilri| til ciii'i V iiiil, I. lie |iliui ni' llii^ ( iiivt'i'iiiiii-rit, 1111(1 iilily <liH 
 dllir^i'd llic illlly, 'I'lli' lluiiicHtrail, to wliii'li liis son Iti'iijiiiiiili miicccciIi-iI, 
 wiiH iJii- lot, a pact, lit' wliirli Iiiih lin^n in (.liin ;^<'Miual inn owrn'<l and 
 <ii;(Mi|ii('il liy l)aviil i'liinniy, aliuiil tlitfir militM wttsl. of lirirl^ctowii : 
 (Jhilili'iMi : 
 
 i. .loniiili, li. ITI't, III. Miiiiliii Wliiii'liick. 
 
 ii. SiiHaiiniili, li. I7I-, in. Imhii^I Ki-IIhwh, 
 
 iii. Itliiiilii, li. 1711, III. Aliniliiiiii IIIiii'h. 
 
 iv, Siii';ili, li. I7'i''>. III. •loniitliiin lii'nniinl. 
 
 V. AsiiIidI, li. I7iil, ni. 17!'-', Anna VVulKiir : <'li. : I, AhuIh'I Wulki^r, I.. 
 I7!l'l, III. l'lli/./ilii!tli Itiiwlliy ; 'J, liiuiiaiiiin li. I7'-I''>, m. ; -t, Williiiin, 
 li. I7H7, III. .\liiiy I'liiiinry ; 4, Sinali, in. ; I'l, .luHJiili, ni. |H|!>, 
 Siirili Maniliill : <•, Ann, li. 17!*!), in. (IhI.) jii'ii jiiniin ( 'IntHli'v, 
 (2nil) l/iit. I'liiniicy ; 7, SuHanim, in. hiininl lin^aii ; H, 'riidinaH, in. 
 Siii'iili iSfin^iliitt. 
 
 vi. I'lrniuniin, li. l7-'>t, <1. iMiiirli. IHiia, ni. I77<i, Tiliillia I'urkiiiH : Cli. : 
 I,' I'i.llinr, li. I7H(). in. William l,uiiuli-y ; L', Kiilli, li. I7K>, ni. 
 iCliiiili'H ; ■'!, SiiHaiinu, li. JTHii, i|. jHi^ll ; 4, KtMiiainin K nuwllnn, 
 li. i7i"*. III. IHI7, Alii^/iil Ailiiihiin m-f < 'dmn'ry ; n, UnnlM^n, li. 
 I7!*''I, III. (IhI ) ('iitliaii'ii- A. hoil^^i', f'^nil) linniHa SiimlciH. 
 
 vii. I'lnilin, li. ITiiH, .1, 
 viii. Knnii'(\ li. I7<il. 
 
 i.\. Mary, ti. I7<14. 
 
 Stki'Iikn' Idiiioi:, a (IcHrcnilanl. of 'rristrain' l>o(li,'i-, of Itiock iHliiinl, 
 IMioiJi' I.KlafHJ, l,liron;^li VVilliarn,' .li-n-ininli, ' 'rrisl/rnni,' was imiii at, 
 OyHl/i^r l>ay, liOii)^ iHJanil, N.\'., 17 IH, raiiif witJi liin witn lilaiiflii! 
 SlnidwiM and Hnvfral fliildrcii, a woil.liy I-oyalJHt of I7H,'{, and sntlli'd 
 flr.'sl; in (Iran villi', liul. at'lfi'svai'ils iii Wilinot,, wlicir lie olil.ainnd a ;^iii.nl, 
 to tlir rear of llic livnr grants, iiorlli of .Vliddlrt.on W'i'hI.. Iln dind 
 1808. (.'liildirn: 
 
 i. Kiirali, li. 1771, m. l)Hviil .Nic^liolH. 
 
 ii. (!liarli'H, li. 177;!, III. (!«(} 17'.H, Muliitalilti (;at<!H, (2nd) MarKari'l 
 IShIoIIhom : <.'ii.; I, AiiiliroHt!, ti. I7!tri, in. (Ih(,) Aliit^ail I'urkor, 
 CJikI) ; L', SnHannali, li. I7!'7, in. < 'iirirtl(i|ili<:r MaiKimon ; .'», 
 
 Maria, ti. IH(M),ni. I'n.licit NioiiolH ; (liy 'Jnd vvifo): 4, Minnl.t.a Ann, 
 I). IHOH, ni. (;(!oixt! MiMiri! ; 5, Mary llnltni, li. I H 10, in. Wall.rr 
 WelLiin ; (i, Moliilalili:, li. 18i:t, in. l-nniuol Nii^liolH ; 7, Kniily, li. 
 IKir>, ni. .lolin VVlH!«!iii'k ; K, Cliarlt-H Riilor, li. 1HI7, in. Jano 
 Walker; !t, LoiiiHa, li. iKI!«, ni. .Iiihi:|iIi S|iiniii!y ; 10, Ijinilly 
 Moori', Ii. IH2I, ni. Ilnrrint Sanilfonl ; II, Kli/.iiliiali Amy, li. 
 IK21, ni. Kli/aliol.h (JliUHlaml Wlioolixtk ; 12, William Allo'n, li. 
 1K20, ni. LoiH Kn^'lii.H; l.'i, Huuaiul KovvKir, li. IH2'.t, ni. Lydia 
 Mdiill. 
 
 iii. Saiiniol, li. I77r), in. IHO(i, l^ydia WnoUniry: VM.-. I, Kli/.aliotli, l>. 
 JHOd, ni. William HiiHton (Jlii|)maii ; 2, Artlnir, in. Ruhocca 
 (v'liipnian ; ■'>, Kinily, li. IKIO, ni. Liil.liur Mni'Ho ; 4, .lohn, b. 
 IHI.'i, <|. IH87, III. Ilarriiil, Wnoillm-y ; 5, (Joi)rf{<!, 1). IHIfi, in. 
 Ilarriety I'arkcr ; <1, Mary, li. IHI7, m. Zac.liariali IJankH ; 7, 
 Kdwiri, h. 18i!), in. Koziali bmlKu ; 8, (.'harlo.n, li. 1K22, m. 
 I'arkcr Dodm) ; !», Ilarrint, li. 1825, ni. Oliailiah Mml^a \ 10, 
 liavinia, li. 182!>, in. ValnntiiU! 'I'i'i)ii|i. 
 
 iv. Mary, h. 1778, ni. KHhh Moore. 
 
i)or»ii:--iiiiii,ANi». fiO.'l 
 
 V. I''r(^((luvr, li. I7HI, III Imiiiii' |jiiil<{liiy. 
 vi. Si,ti|i|i(iii, l». I7MJ, il. iiiiiii. 
 
 Vii. .I/U^llll, ll. ITMlf, III. (I 111; ICllllll'l i'\:llU, (\illl\) H WlilnVV, 11(1 (!|i)IIHC. 
 
 viii. .Iiiliii, ll. I7H!). III. IH|<), M.'liiiiiM.' ItiilollHoh (ll. I, Ann, l>. IHL'O, 
 
 III. ArliilllllM, HUH 111 Wiiiil W JM'ijiick ; 'J, yMllfil (;il|ii!l, li. |Hli2, 
 
 III. ' ImI ) lliinii'l. Kuniliill, ('Jn>l> .Aiii'^lni <'lii|iiiiiiii, (.'inl) ('liiirluttn 
 Liiiiiiiiit ; .'1, Mill)' I'riHcillii, ll. IK„'|, 111 Will. iMiiinliuimd , 1, .luliii 
 Alliiiii, ll. IHL'd, ll. in nil'iUH'v ; Ti, lO linlinilii, li. JH^K, m. W'illjitiii 
 ('. jtiil : Ci. lK!iiitli Shiiw, 'l>. iH.'iO, III. risl) Annii Itill, (-.'ml) 
 Miirtliii I'liiriv.y ; 7, AmliKllii .\i|rliii, li. IH.'i.'l, ui. ^VilliHll|(^ Hill, 
 M IM'. ; H, llonrii-tlH I.. iKIfi. il ninn. 
 i.x. JHuiir, III. (1st,; lirtitiii. Clmi'lliiii, (\ii\i\) (Jiiici! Yiiilli;^, (.'till) Cyiitliiji 
 Mi-.><Miini{i'r : (Mi.: I, Kviilinit, in. hiiviil l''it/.riiii(|ci||ih ; 'J, Li^iiiiu, 
 III. ( i('<ii!,'ii jlcwliiit! ; ''i Siiriili, III. Ilcnr.y Miiniod ; 4, .lnliii 
 WoHliiy, III. Siuniinl liH ( 'dVi'it,. 
 
 IH'HI.AMi. hsNIKI, l>i;i(l,AMi, il ilif^lli)' liv,|.i'(l iilijf Ll (V iili.' I, I'luln New 
 
 ^'|)|■I•;, srdii'il ill Wiiniiil ill 17H.'{, mill was oiif ut' llif iiri'.^ii[iil ;,'iiiiilfT.s of 
 Mount Hiuiii'V. I'niliiilily !<■ is lli" siiinc ii;iiim' ;is I (oiIiiihI, of wliidi 
 .l/iiiH'K is iiii-iit.iiiiH'ij hy Suliiin- us (-(1111111;,' Id Slicllnirnc tVoiii New York, 
 jiiiil |icrliii|is of (Icrmiiii oii;,'in ; iiiiij it iiiiiy iiavi' oi'i^^iiiiilcij fniiii llic 
 iMitcli Villi ijir l.iiiil. Mr. Diithiinl iii'inicil Sitrali {)*• Mothit, or l)i- 
 Mott, a lady of 1 1 ii^^uciiot (■.xtrarlion, ( 'liiiijii'ii : 
 
 i. /i!l.iil..n, .1.!'., ni. (;,illiariiio Miliiir Cli.: I, Mary, li. May, l7H<i, 
 
 (1. ; 'J, Mary, li, I7HH, m. A--a|.li Wliilin.m ; .'!, .lacoli, li. 
 
 I7'"l, III. IHIi'i, l,y(lii, lliilrdin ; 4, ( 'iil liariiic, li, I7!*- ; i'l, 1' riM'tuvc, 
 
 II. I7'.ll, III. I'liil<. r.ijaiclHlcy ; (i, Sarah, I.. I7!»r, in. .lolili Kc.hh ; 
 7, Zdliiiloii, ll. IHOO, in. Sii|iliia .Ann .-iliiiratl ; K, !,(iniKii, li. iHOfi, 
 
 III. ■liiliii hniiii ; '.', haiiii'l, li. IH(l7, in. SiiHaii liiiniiaril ; 10, 
 llai'lH:! Ann, l> IHO'.I, in. Uicliar.l l>iirliiii(i. 
 
 ii. I»aincl, III. Sarali llawliswditli : (!|i. : I, (!oinclia, li. 17'"*, in. 
 Anthony Wilkins ; 'J, Klizal.ctli, I.. |H(H», ni. VVilliaiii Itrowii ; .'I, 
 lliilicirci, ll. IKO.'!, III. Sainiidl (Ilicshty; I, .Sarah, li. IHOi'i, in. 
 Williaiii S|»niul ; o, Ciiloli |{, , li. IH(»7, in. liHiiiHa Whitinaii ; (i, 
 I'ilijali I'liiniH^y, li. IKID, in. Ilaniiah I'liinncy ; 7, Ann, l>. IKIlJ, 
 'ill. lidiiiainin I'riiWii ; H, Adam {'iaituii, li. IKI I, in. Mi^lmrali 
 YiiiiiiK ; !i, (■'ar(iliii(% li, |KI7, in. (Inurm! Ndnii^ ; 10, liiKinora, 
 
 III 
 
 I 
 
 ■ ''iiii^ , ,, ^ ■'i*i<>tiii<., ir, ■■'II, III. 'it-'KJ^l. li'Mii^ , i-'i iJiJ-'ll'iiHj 
 
 ll. |H|<», in. .liiHcpli l'.anl<H ; II, l.s.iac, li. IKL'I, In. I'li-ardsiiry. 
 
 • liilili, (I. IKOO, III. < 'yiithia, dan. oi .l(iH(!|ili Hn^'t^liiH : ('ll.: I, .lainim 
 llarvi'y, li. I7t»'j, d. a^iid 'JH ; '-', Di'imitli!, Ii, I7!»;t ; 'K .lii!U!|ili, 
 
 I f^lk" /l.vLI I ll ... I. t. .1 I /tl'' II. 
 
 ■■■•■•'.'» -I fS'"' -■'. « , ", ■■» I"', 
 
 ll. I7!'ri, III. (IhI) Sarah Krowii, (Ifnd) Dnrodiy .lalid (WiKwall) 
 HiiHHcIl, livod at S|)(;cIiI'h (,'ii\ (!, iinw ISarton, l)i(,'liy (/'n. ; 4, .lolin, 
 I). IHOO, III. Ann Hmwii. 
 iv. Sarali, in. .Jacoli Millor. 
 
 V. .losiiiili, in. Kli/.alidtli Mcltridi^ : ('li.: I, Harriet, li. 17!)!*, m. .luhii 
 Kliintt ; 'J, .Mdxamlor, li. IHOO, m. Aiikuoi. Hrowii ; -i, Mii.iiida, 
 
 II. IK02, in. .Iimiipli Iami ; 4, Oalharino, li. IHOri, in. .lnliii Stiirk ; 
 Tl, llannali, li. IH07, m. Williikin Clark ; (i, Cliarlutto, l>. IHO'I, 
 
 III. .loliii ( .'r(i|i|(iy. 
 
 vi. Domottt!, h. 1771, d. IH4ri, in. Kli/alidlli Milliury : Cli.: I, I'liiiioaH, 
 b. IH(M), III. Mary McNiiyr ; 2, llichaid, li. IH02, in. Uacliol Ami 
 Ditrlaiid ; .'i, VViiliain. I>, IHO.'S, m. .Iiilia Mainid ; 4, I'lii/.aliotli, I). 
 IHO.'i, Ml. TlioiiiJiH <<i'iiiliiii ; ft, Mercy, h. IH07, in. .loliii Kaftan ; 
 (I, I'amcla, tl. IHIO. Ill, ( Toiikcr, M. JJ. ; 7, Mariottii, h, 18l.'<, m, 
 Huiiry /wicktsr. 
 
.'>04 IMMll.ANM CASSMN. 
 
 vii. ('Iiiii'lim. il. ill iiifiiiiry. 
 
 viii. ('liiki'lt'H, III. Cliarl'iltii KnliiiiMMii : Cli. I, ( 'liiu'liillu, mi. Miclmnl 
 liillilH; 2, I'lixlin, III iHiiiki' NoyrN ; 11, (NlurloH, III Kli»tiili<illi 
 Liiii){|i'y ; I, Mitnii A., III. |{itl|ili < 'lurk ; It, hitiiKitli', in. Kli/.ii 
 lii'ili lliirliiiiil , li, Muiy, III. I'liiki'li'H l>iii'litiiil , 7. < 'iillntiiiiii, m. 
 • ; H, 'riiiiiiiiiH O., III. Siinili Slucumli ; '.I, Juliii I)(iIIiim, hi 
 
 llitrni^t hiii'liuiil. 
 ix. 'riiiiiiiiiH, III. Aiiii'liik (!iiiii{i|iiii (Ml.: I, Mitry, in. Williiiiii Koiil ; 2, 
 Killliri', III. ,l,iiii)'M ISi^hI, ; .'(, Jcjhi^|iIi, Ii. I''iiI> , IHIi'i, in. I.HVlliiii 
 Mikt'Niiiill ; I, Kli/.iilx'tli, III hrliinllr hiirliilMl (hdii iif < 'liikl'li'H) ; Ti, 
 Kriuii, III. (''iiiiiiy Myuii ; II, < 'Ii;ii'Ii!H, hi. 'IhI) Mtiry Ihirlitiiil, 
 IMwl) Atiiiin Iti'st. ; 7, /uIhiIoii, hi. Jhii. 10, iKItl, ,M<ililila 
 Aiiilt^rsoii ; H, Williiiiii, III. CliiiildUn IIjihIm; !*, Iliirriiit, in. 
 •loliii hiii'litiiil ; 10, .Ainiilin, III. .Iiiliii liutii. 
 X, Kli/,aliiilli, III. 1,1)1. I'liiniii^. 
 xi. Miiry, m. IHO^, /Mrxuiidor .litiiM^H. 
 xii. ( 'iit.lifirliii', III. .liiH(!|ili Ni'ily. 
 xiii. I'IiuIm), hi. (/'lii'lNliiplior ItiiiikH. 
 
 KAHHfiN. 1. .loiiN K.NHSDV was (•(itiiinissidiii'd in ITM by tlin iJdiird i»f 
 Oidiniiicc ill LmihIiiii iih a Master Aililii'i'i', ami sent, nii Hcrvii-c t.d AiiMa|i 
 oliH Kuyal. I Ic al'li'i'wai'd.H iiiari it'll in Nova Sciil.ia a y'»iiii^,' Hcutcli lailv 
 h» wlmni in- wa.s t'li^aj^ml Ix't'oic In- ca.inc over, ami wlio, acrnnliii).,' (n 
 I riulilinii, wIh-m llie time arri\<'(l at. wliirli lio bccaiiMi aliii'. I.n marry, 
 <'aiim (Mil. I.o Nova Hciitia, lii.s <lii(ieM licrc |iicvcntin),' liiiii frmii Icaviiiji. 
 Tlic' iiaiiif wan iiflci\ h|M'i(. l'',a,Ht,()ii. lie rccfivi'd a ;,'iiiiil (»!' tlir laiidH of 
 line (iaiiticr, a iialivi ni' {'"raiH'c, and .son in la.w oC Lniiis A Main, wIim had 
 iiwncd I In-Ill, at'li-r llicy liad Itrni ((inriscalfd for (laiil,i(!i'H diHJoyalt.y in 
 1715. 'riiin was t.lic Allain from wliicli /Miain'.s cri-ck or ri vfr derived 
 ilH name, 'I'lie condilion of Mr. i'lasson's j^'iiiii). wan tliat. lie Hliould keeji 
 11)1 (lie iiiill. lie married .laniiary 1.'7, 1711, ,\vi.4 Stewart., and liad 
 i:liildren : 
 
 i, JoliM, )». .1(111 7, !?'•-, '1. Aiiir. ." HiiHHi year, 
 ii. Kii|)lieiiiiii, I). Miiy \i>, I7'tl, (1. iiiini. , 
 
 (2) iii. Daviii, I). Auk. -'». '"I^- 
 
 iv. Wiljiaiii, \i. Ant;. L'7, ili'^K hi. in .Ininiiicii Mary MuffiiK. I'tloii : (!|i,: 
 I, .luHieH I'l.teii, (I. IH.'t,'! ; 'J, I'ili/ii SiiiTc^, d. iiiilll. ; .'t, Avis 
 l'liilli[m, III. the iliHliiiKiiiHlieii divine, Rev. .Iiiliii VViiliiiiii l>erint{ 
 'iray, D.I)., \i<un l{e(;tnr nl 'I'liiiily Cjiiin^ii, St,, .loll n, N.li., and 
 w.iH HiollitT of till! Iitto lien iainiii <i. 'iiay, Khi|., KitrriHl.er, cif 
 llulifax. 
 
 2. l)Avni Kamhon waH liorn Au;.fiist, :i."», !7IM, and married Klizalietli 
 Ki.sher, M'idow of (!|i,>rleM Molt, and had ehildi(!ii: 
 
 (3) i. VViinMHi .Stewart, I.. Se|.t.. L'O, 1771. 
 
 ii. I>avid,h. May .'t, I77;t, hi. Zoiiiiali Fairii : Cli.: I, Kli/alielli Ann, 
 HI. Sidney .Saiidern ; 2, Miiry KiHlicir, hi. 'I'arlittll Wlictilock ; .'I, 
 .lolm, l>. ./an. 2r>, IHII, hi. Mary Miller lloyt,, and iind cli.: 
 Alixiiiiilvr, Jtiiiir.i, Miirij A till and l'jll-:<ilirlli. 
 
 • ii. lOizaliotii, l». Doc, 20, 177'"', hi. Mall.liow Uilcliie (hoii of Andrew, 
 
 HOII.). 
 
K.\HM(t\— 1:1,1, i(»iT. .'»()r» 
 
 jv. .lolm I.. Nuv. |:J, I77« 
 
 V. Avis, t», Miiri'li I, I7H'I, m Itulinrl Ifitrliii- (moh of Aiiilniw, himi.), 
 
 VI. Sunili, li. Miiy '-'-, \7^'^, m. Ii'niilunc llunlwirk, 
 
 vJi, 'I'll. .111(14, I.. hiHV '.!!», l7Ht, III. iHitll, Ciilliuriiix KyriHnii Ch : I, 
 Sitiikli Ann, li IHIU, iiniii. ; 'J, Lxlitiii, It. IHI'J, ni. Willmin •luiiim; 
 .'I, hruiMTN Mill 111, I. IHll, .1.; 4, Miiry, li. IH|7, m. |Hi;i, Sli|.lniii 
 I'liyMciii ; r*, ( lliiirlnlti-, li tNi!|, III. iHli'i, \\'il|iiini I']. I(ii|j;({lim I (I, 
 Kiuiiitm, li IH'.;;;, m. IHll, .Sl..|.lirii M |{iik'.',I< h. 
 viii. AliixHiiihir, )>. I7H(>, in IHI.'I, /cniiali Kuhhuii, m'r l'"iuiii : <'li I, 
 Avm Sl.iwiiit, 1.. IHlii, III. .luiii.'H I''. Ilnyl, ; 'J. DcIm.iuIi, Ii. |HMi, 
 il iiiiiii.; .1, lli<l<-ii, I). |H|H, III. Airri'ii lloyi ; t, lti'n|iiniiii, li. 
 |H|!I, il. HiiiiMi yciir ; a, |)iivii|, in. Small Kllrliin ; li, < 'uiiijinn, li. 
 IIIIIII.; 7, lli'iity. III. Miiry Allmi ; H, .IrkinrH, in. Ilanniili KitiI ; 
 t), 'rhuiniiH, II. IH:II ; lU, Ktniiiii Avih, Ii. IH.'II. 
 
 .1. WiMI.NM SiKWAIlT KvsHllV WI1.M lidlli Sc|il ciiiImT "JO, I 77 I , IIIUI I it'll 
 
 llai'liiii'ii I'lilliiiin, tiiiil iiiui rjiililri'ii : 
 
 i Kli/ii, III. lliMiry llurduiik. 
 
 ii. l''rHiii'im, in. .Miriiliiiin Li^iil. 
 
 iii. Diiviil, III. (ImI) .VliHH Itiibir, C-'iid) lliuiirt, MiuMliiniiii . Cli.: I, 
 Williiini, l>. |H|«;, III. (IhI) Miiruiiri'l McAtlliiir, (liiiil) ('luirlottu 
 Kilrli, iii'r IliHliHp ; '„', 'riiiiiiiiiH, Ii. IH|H, m. Miirirui'Dl Ann NiilinlM ; 
 
 II, KniiircH, 11. IM'Jfl, III. Imiiik; Williiiiii MiiiHliiill ; I, lliiiijikinin. I». 
 IH2it, <l. iiiiin.; (Iiy iiiid wife): i>, Mary .lunii, If. IH'JIi, in. I'DHir 
 .IiiIiiihIcim ; (I, Willclt,, li. IH2H, in. Kli/iitiiitli MiiM.sDii^t-r ; llt'iiry 
 Alliui, ti. IH.'IO, wnit, ulirnii.l ; H, Miiiy Ann, U. IH.'tli, in. I'liiili 
 •liiliiistiin ; '.), Iliii'i'irt .IiiIiiihI.iiii, It. iHM.'i, iiiini.; 10, liarliiii'ii, li 
 IH-'tii, III. .likiiKiM Mull ; II, Kiinicr, II. |H;t<i, III. U.iliitrt (Miiilii. 
 
 ' iv. Kiit'lt.ti'u, III. Williiini lliki'iltvii'lt 
 
 l'li,l,H)T'i'. tIdiM Mm.iiiT'I', (lif iUM'i'Htdr III' our I'liiiiily ut' lln- niiinc, whm 
 il liiitivi' III' llir liui'l.li III' Itrlainl, iiliil ciiliii- l.ii llic l'ro\ iiicc i|iiil<> yiiiiii^. 
 'I'licir JH a IniililioM llial liis |iaicnl.s ijifij uf Hlii|if»nt'r on llir |ui.sHa>{i' (Hit. 
 Ill' \Mis lii'on<{lil u|i (III il i'lirin in <ii'aiivillc, Init i'i'iiiiimmI U> l\\i' lliiiilcy 
 MdUiilaiii at'liM' liis iiiai'iia),'!' In Kucjicl, (laii;,'litci' iil" Saiiiiicl I'm'IiI, in 
 I7'.)li. lie liail cliililicii : 
 
 i. VViiliuni, h. l7!)-'t, in. Kli/.alirlli ClioHlny : Oli : I, .lnhii, in. l,U(;y 
 Ann ISiickiniin ; 'J, Ann, in. Wllliain lliinl<H ; It, Kaclicl, iii. 
 'riiiiiiiHM Kdwluinl ; (. I,iii'y, .n. KiiIikiiI Ititisur ; .'i, Lurciia, in. 
 (icrii;^c N'i'H iiniil) ; 11, lliMiry, d. iiiiiii.; 7, Kdwiird, in. IH|M, 
 A/nliali I'lii'kinitn ; H, KdIkicch, hi. •litnniH Oropltiy. 
 
 ii. Nancy, I.. I7!ir», in. ( IhI) .loliii WchI,, ('Jiid) - 
 
 iii. Litali, II. I7'>7, in. Kiidiard Mowlliy. 
 
 iv. .Iiilin, II. 17''*!', III. Iliirriiit Diiiliind : <'li.' I, IIiihhiiII, in. Aiiik! laui ; 
 'J> Wntil.wiii'tli, III. Siirali WilkiiiH ; ■">, Kli/.iilail li, in. I'di^r KhIhiii- ; 
 I, Muiiiiy, 111. Mci'llia M . .\i'iiiHt.Miii),! ; Ti, Niiiu^y, in. (Int.) Williitin 
 Ai'iiiHti'diiL;, CJnd) .liiliii linlMur ; li, (MiarlcH A., in. Kiitli >Sli)(:ciiiili ; 
 7, iSaniiK'l, III. Iiaviniii .SIimmmiiIi ; K, lliinrii^lt.H, in. .Iiihii|iIi Ki'it./, ; 
 M, Kiiplii'iniii, III. Henry Iti'iiwn ; |M, (!lurk, d. iiiiin. ; I I , /uliiildii, 
 
 III. Simaii lii'dwn. 
 
 V. Itoiijainin, li. IHIII, in. Ann Ai^kcrly : (Mi.: I, Alii'aliatii, in. (!ariilitit3 
 
 ItunI, (lid iHHiie); 'J, Imiuic, in. (IhI) Miiry lldwiliy, (l!nd) I'arkiir ; 
 
 ■'t, [{iu^IkiI, in. •Siiniiiel I'owlliy ; 4, .lai'dli, in. Harriot' Ijim* ; Ti, 
 
 Hayarii, in. /i^riiiali l>(^iii|iH(iy (no iHHiio); (i, ■lohii, in. Marin 
 
 _— Murt'dii ; 7, IMudio, in. Kiidcli llowlby. 
 
506 ELIJOTT — FATRN. 
 
 vi. Rachel, b. 180.S. in. Samuel Marah.iU. 
 
 vii. Ciiarles, b. ISO."!, m. Lucy Bent : 2 sona d. unin, H daus. 
 
 viii. Margaret, b. 1807, ni. Thomas Marshall, 
 
 ix. Robert, 1). 1810, m. Lavinia Brown ; (i sona and 5 dauH. 
 
 X. Thomas, b. 1812, m. Eliza Baiik.^ : 7 sons and 4 dau.s. 
 
 Samuel Elliott was the ancestor of anotlier family of Klliotts, and 
 came from the same part of Ireland about tlie i.ame time as John, hut 
 there is no consanjifuinity known hetwep'i the tairilies. Ti-adition says 
 that he also lost his parents on shipboard. He certainly lost his father 
 when a child, was broufrht U() on a farm at (Jranville, and removed to 
 Wilmot, in which tov i^hip he settled in East Clarence. He married, 
 1789, Priscilla Fellows, and had children : 
 
 i. John, b. 17'''i, m. Elizabeth Huntington, b. 1780, d. 1808 (no issue). 
 ii. Phebe, b. 1704. 
 
 iii. Catharine, '- i"'.Hi, m. Abner Foster, 
 iv. Samuel, b '7 "•, d uiiin. 
 
 V. Israel, b. ibn-i, ni. Hopestead Barnaby : Ch.: 1, Leander S., b. 
 IKH, m. Phebe Jane Balcom ; 2, Margaret Eliz ibeth, m. Parker 
 Morse : .'$, George, m. Adolia Barnaby ; 4, Edville, m. Nellie Smith. 
 vi. Abigail, b. 18W), m. Robert Stone. 
 
 vii. Josei)h, 1). 1800, m. Sarah Ann Leonard : Ph.: 1, Jane .Josephine, 
 
 m. James Mooro ; 2, James Rupert, m Mary Betts ; .'{, Leonard 
 
 William, m. Carrie Mary Freeman ; 4, Edwin James, m. Ella 
 
 Moore Miller. 
 
 viii. Sarah Ann, b. 1811, m. (1st) Edward Morse, (2nd> Warvon Longley. 
 
 Faikn. This is certainly a Scotch name, but our author, while assi;^n 
 ing the family to an English origin, says that Bex.tamix Fairn', who came 
 here in 1783, then scarcely of age, may have been of German ext ra.-'tion. 
 (I think he was a descendant of a Scotch immigrant to New England. — 
 Ed.) He married Sarah, daughter of Ebenezer Rice, and .setl iv'd near 
 him in the vicinity of Saw-mill Creek, on land some of which is still 
 owned by descendants. He had children : 
 
 i. Nancy, ni. (1st), James CJ. Roach, (2nd) Oldham Whitman. 
 
 ii. Elizabeth, m. Ichabod Corbitt. 
 
 iii. Sarah, m. Jasper Williams. 
 
 iv. William, m. 1813, Mary Berteaux : Ch.: 1, Edward, b. 1813, m. 
 Eliza Oakes ; 2, Benjamin, b. 1815, m. Mary Ann Hoyt (no 
 issue) ; 3, William, b. 1817, m. Harriet Gates ; 4, Charlotte 
 Maria, b. 1819, m. Will. ; Hardwick ; 5, Augusta, b. 1822, m. 
 Abraham Ditmars ; 6, Mercy, b. 1824, m. '^enry Lockwood ; 7, 
 Charles Henry, b. 1826, m. Elizabeth Ann Hardwick ; 8, John L., 
 b. 1828, m. Lavinia Hardwick (no issue) ; i\ Eleanor, b. 1830, m. 
 Thomas Hardwick ; 10, Sarah, b i j32, m. Gilbert Purdy. 
 
 V. Zcruiah, m. Alexander Easson. 
 
 vi. Henry, m. Mai-y Robinson : Ch. : 1, Jnnics, d. unm. ; 2, Ann, m. 
 Joseph Tomlinson ; 3, Susan, m. John Burbidge ; 4, Eliza, ni. 
 Seth Bent ; 5, Francis, m. Frances Chapman ; 6, Henrietta, m. 
 John Prince. 
 
FALES — FARNSWORTH. 507 
 
 Pales. Ehknkzkr Fales with his son Benjamin came here about 17C0 
 from Taunton, Mass., and obtained a grant of land at the eastern end of 
 the township of Wilmot, near tlie stream known as "The Fales River." 
 The .son settled on a farm whicli he purchased on the Stronach Mountain 
 from Brigadier-(Jener!il Hujigles. lienjamin Fales had married Racliel 
 Bassett, of Taunton, who had a brother Richard educated at Harvarfl. 
 a brilliant and ready-witted, but eccentric youn^ man, who once, during 
 the recess of a sitting of the Court of which his uncle Fales was clerk, 
 was challenged by the latter, who was fond a joke, to extemporize a 
 verse or rhyni' that would turn the laugh against him, and promptly 
 expre.ssed himself thus : 
 
 " Tlie oliildren of Israel asked for meat. 
 Anil Jehovah sent them (juails ; 
 The Court of Taiiiiton wanted a clerk. 
 And tlio devil sent it Fales." 
 
 It is said this tendency to ready wit and humor still characterizes the 
 descendants of Rachel (Bassett) Fales, whose dust reposes in one of the 
 Wilmot church-yards. Children : 
 
 i. Benjamin, jun., m. Harriet Gates : Ch.: 1, Benjamin, d. unm.; -, 
 Oldham, m. Eliza Marshall ; .", Joel, ni. (U.S.) ; 4, Amos, m. 
 (lat) Sarah Morton, (2nd) Eliza Whitman ; f), Rachel, m. (Ist) 
 William Neily, (2nd) Thomas Ward ; (J, Abigiil, m. Harris Ward. 
 
 ii. Daniel, m. Elizabeth Larlie : Ch. : 1, Margaret, b. 1800, m. Nelson 
 Stronaoh ; 2, Isaac, m. Mary Baker ; ;{, Jiicob, m. Charlotte 
 Bakor ; 4, Sarah, m. ('st) Lot Phinuey, (2nd) Asaph Bent, (3rd) 
 Elias Fales ; 5, AVmdiaui, b. 1809, m. Francis Ray ; (>, Amos, 
 m. Eliza Burns (no issue) ; 7, Daniel, m. Hannah Fales ; '8, 
 Elizabath, m. Thomas Eaton ; 9, Rosanna, m. Stephen Burns 
 
 iii. Ebenezer, m. 1803, Hannah Brown : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b, 1804, d. 
 unm.; 2, Benjamin, b. 180t), d. unm; 3, Daniel, unm.; 4, John, 
 ni. Cassia Brown ; 5, James, d. unm.; (!, Elias, m. Sarah Fales ; 
 7, Isaac, m. Phebe Cook ; 8, Elizabeth, m. (1st) John Smith, 
 (2nd) John Baker ; 9, Mary, m. Timothy Grimes ; 10, Rachel, m. 
 William Ogilby ; 11, Anna, ni. Edmund Brown; 12, Miriam, d. 
 unm. 
 
 iv. Mary, m. George Stronach. 
 V. Abigail, m. Joel Farnsworth. 
 
 vi. Rachel, m. James Gates, 
 vii. Sarah, m. Jacob Baker, 
 viii. Betsey, m. John Gates. 
 
 Farnsworth. Amos'' Farnsworth, born Nov. 27, 1704, was p. grand- 
 son, through Benjamin'- Farnsworth, sen., by his wife Mary, dau. of Jonas 
 Prescott, of Matthias' Farnsworth, who was born in 1612, in Lancaster, 
 England, and came to liynn, and later settled at Groton, Mass, Amos 
 came from Groton in 1760, and secured lot No. 77 in Granville, a portion 
 of which has in recent years been occupied by Robert Parker, J.P. On 
 this lot was a house, said to have been the only house of the dispersed 
 
508 FAHXSWORTH. 
 
 Acadians tliat escaped conHagration, being saved hy a sudden shower. 
 He returned to Groton, but did not bring his family here until 17(53. 
 Returniii_^; to Massachusetts on some business, he was drowned crossing 
 the N :';i la River, Dec. o, 1775. He had ch.: 1, Sarah, b. Oct. 10, 1736, 
 d. Sept. 19, 1756 ; 2, Rachel, b. Jan. 29, 1738, m. June 16, 1761, Jabez 
 Holden ; 3, Lydia, b. Nov. 24, 1739, m. Sept. 26, 1765, Wm. Shedd ; 4, 
 Susanna, b. Aug. 25, 1741, m. Aug. 25, 1761, John Sawtell, jun.; 5, 
 Lucy, b. Nov. 1743, m. Solomon Earns worth (cousin) ; 6, Amos, b. June 
 24, 1746, d. July 9, 1749; 7, Lt. Jonas, b. Aug. 18, 1748, m. 1774, Jane, 
 dau. of James and Mary Delap (probably removed to Wilraot), d. July 
 16, 1805; 8, Mary, b. 1757, m. Joseph Potter, jun.; 9, Amos, jun., b. 
 April 28, 1754 (was an active revolutionary ofticer, attaining rank of 
 Major of artillery); 10, Benjamin, b. Oct. 24, 1757 (drowned with his 
 father). 
 
 Benjamin' Fakxswortii, Jun, an older son of Benjamin,'- sen., b. 
 
 Jan. 16, 1699, m. (1st) Patience , (2nd) March 19, 1736, Rebecca 
 
 Pratt, of Maiden, had 5 ch., of whom one, Solomon, was b. 1738, m. (l.st) 
 Dec. 6, 1770, in Nova Scotia, a cousin, Lucy Farnsworth, (2nd) May 
 23, 1801, Mary, dau. of John Chute, and settled at Chute'.s Cove: Ch.: 
 1, Sarah, b. June 4, 1773, m. Michael Miller; 2, Frances, b. Oct. 11, 
 1774, m. (1st) 1796, Rev. James Manning, (2nd) Henry Troop, (3rd) 
 Aaron Morse; 3, Lucy, b. June 15, 1777, ra. James Eaton; 4, Maiy, b. 
 1779, m. Juhn Brown; 5, Solomon, b. 1781, d. 1782; 6, Benjamin,!). 
 Feb. 1, 1802, m. (1st) Anna Matilda, dau. of John and Rebecca Ellis, 
 (2nd) 1822, Phebe, dau. of Henry Milbury ; 7, Peter, b. July 9, 1803, m. 
 April 29, 1827, Mary, dau. of Michael and Abigail Holden; 8, John 
 Chute, b. Oct. 11, 1805, m. (1st) Feb. 15, 1826, Mary Cecilia, dau. of 
 Job Pack, (2nd) Nancy, dau. of James and Phebe Chute, (3rd) Elizabeth 
 Charlotte Chute ; 9, Mary, b. 1807, m. William Hall; 10, Solomon, b. 
 Oct. 9, 1809, m. (1st) Nov. 19, 1833, Anna B., dau. of James Cummings, 
 (2nd) Phebe, dau. of Abraham Bogart (lived at Stony Beach). 
 
 JoNAs^ Farnswokth, another son of Benjamin, sen., 1>. Oct. 14, 1713, m. 
 Thankful Ward (dau. of Obadiah), and had 9 children, of whom Isaac* 
 the 6th and Joel* the yth, came to Granville. Isaac,^ b. Aug. 9, 1750, m. 
 (1st) Hannah Hill, (2nd) Martha Barth, and afterwards lived in Jones- 
 boro', Me. Ch.: 1, Daniel, b. about 1774, m. Dec. 8, 1803, Jerusha Earl, 
 of Horton, and .settled at Aylesford ; 2, Ichabod ; 3, Royal ; 4, Asa, m. 
 Betsey Weston ; 5, Amaziah ; 6, Isaac ; 7, Martha, ui. Reuben Libbey ; 
 8, Hannah, m. Joseph Libbey ; 9, Mary. 
 
 JoEL,*b. May 28, 1757, m. (1st) Abigail Fales, (2nd) Sarah Perkins, 
 lived at Clarence, and had 1 1 daughters. 
 
FELLOWS. 509 
 
 FKLLOwr,. 1. IsRAEi/' Fkllows, or Fellowes, was a descendant of 
 William. wIk) .vas born in England in 1609, and canif to Ipswlcli, Mass., 
 in IG^'J, through Joseph,' who ni. 167r>, Ruth Frnils, and d. 1729 ; 
 Joseph,' who m. 1701, Sarah Kimball ; Henjaniin,* b. 1711, m. (1st) Eunice 
 Dodge, whod. 1747, (2nd) Mrs. Sarah Elwell, who d. 1777, C^rd) 1778, 
 Mrs. lle])ecca Louther, whod. 1802. Isratl, who was born Jan. 4, 1741, 
 at Ipswich, came to Granville in 1701, and in 1768 bought lot 147 from 
 John Crocker, one of the grantees. He m (1st) March 20, 1762, Susanna, 
 uau. of Josiah Doflge. (2nd) Joanna Smith, and died 1815. Children : 
 
 i. Eunice, b. Feb. 11, 17<>3, ni. John, son of Valentine Troop. 
 
 (2) ii. Joseph, b. March 17, 1735. 
 
 iii. Susannah, b. 17fi7, d. in infancy. 
 
 iv. Su.sannah, b. Feb. 23, 1761), m. Edward, son of John Dunn. 
 
 V. Ann, b. May 15, 1772, in. Samuel Che.sley. 
 
 vi. Cynthia, b. April 12, 1775, m. Oliver Foster, 
 
 vii. Ph(ebe, b. 1777, d. young, 
 
 viii. Sarah, b. 1780, d. young, 
 
 ix. Ebenezer, b. 1782, d. unni. 
 
 X. Priscillft, b. 1785, m. Samuel Elliott. 
 
 xi. Hepzibah, b. 1787, m. Benjamin Chute, jun. 
 
 2. Rev. Joseph Fellows, b. March 17, 1765, m. April 10, 1788, 
 Catherine Troop, and died April 18, 1820. Children : 
 
 i. Israel, b. March 27, 1789, m. 1811, Ann Phinney Hall, and d. at 
 St. John, N.B., 18(>;i; Ch. : Mary Ann, b. 1811, m. John Bath 
 Longley ; 2, Catherine, b. 1815, m. J. V. Troop, of St. John, 
 M.P.P., etc. ; .S, Su.san Eliza, b. 1820, m. (Jeorge Camber; 4, 
 Havilah Hall, b. 1824, m. Stephen Sneden Hall ; 5, James 
 Israel, b. 1826, ni. (Ist) Elizabeth Allen, (2nd) Jane Hamlyn 
 Crane, 
 ii. Joseph, born July 30, 1792, m. (1st) 1820, Sophia Rice, dau. of 
 Joseph Troop, (2nd) 1828, Charlotte Sophia Hians, who was a 
 sister of Hetty Hians, wife of John Howe, Po.stnmster-General, 
 half-bro. of Hon. Jos. Howe : Ch.: 1, Olivia, m. James Hardwick ; 
 (by 2nd wife) : 2, Richard Henry, b. 1830, d. unni ; 3, Catherine 
 Howe, b. 1831, m. David M. Dickie ; 4, George Edward, b. 1833, 
 m. Nancy Dickie ; 5, John Howe, b. 1835, d. 1838 ; (5, William, b. 
 1837, m. (Ist) Augusta Best, (2nd) Jane Nichols, ne'e Dickinson ; 7, 
 John Israel, b. 1839, ui. Althia Stowers ; 8, Joseph Howe, M.D., 
 b. 1840, d. unui. ; 9, Benjamin Smith, m. Annie Shafner. 
 iii. George Troop, b. Dec. 30, 1795, m. Susan Morse, dau. of Joseph Bent : 
 Ch.: 1, Sophia, b. 1823, m. Obadiah Parker ; 2, Joseph, b. 1826, 
 m. Annie Parker; 3, Amelia R., b. 1830, m. Charles Parker ; 4, 
 Mary, b. 1832, m. VVm. Clark ; 5, George, b. 1840, d. 1874 ; 6, 
 Charlotte, b. 1837, d. 1846. 
 iv. James Edward, m. Eliza, dau. of Augustus Willoughby, and d. 
 1824 : Ch. : 1, James Edward, b. 1822, d. 1840 ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 
 1824. 
 
 V. Benjamin Smith, b. Feb. 26, 1805, m. Eliza Willoughby, his 
 brother's wid.: Ch.; 1, James Edward, b. 1827, m. Charlotte S., 
 dau. of Wm. H. Morse ; 2, Minetta, b. 1829, m. Joseph F. 
 Ballister ; 3, Margaret, b. 1832, d. young ; 4, Anna. b. 1836, m. 
 Hon. Samuel Leonard Shannon, Q.C, D.C.L. ; 5, Maria S., b. 
 1839, m. John M. Parker, d. 1892 ; 6, Lucretia, b. 1839, d. in 
 infancy ; 7, Bertha, b. 1845, m. John R. Mitchie. 
 
510 FITZKANDOLPH — FOSTER. 
 
 FiTZRAXDOLni. This is a purely Norman name, as all proper family 
 names beginning with Fitz are. This prefix is the old Norman ecjuiva- 
 lent to the modern French Jifs, a son. In days when second names were 
 beginning to be used to distinguish t\.milies, the .sons of a man named 
 Kan(iolph or Gerald, would be designated Fitzrandolph or Fit/gerald. 
 The family must therefore be of very ancient repute in England. The 
 Annapolis branch derive from Edward/ who was born 1G14 in Notting- 
 hamshire, and came to America in 1G30, and married at Scituate, May 
 10, 1G37, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Thomas Blossom, of Plymouth, 
 through Nathaniel,- Edward,'' Nathaniel, ' Uobkkt,'' who came to Annap- 
 olis among the Loyalists, bringing his wife, Phebe Pear.sall, and five 
 children with him, and first settled in what is now Digby County, but 
 later on lan(!.j granted to him at Lawrencetown. Later still he exchanged 
 luv.ds with Christo[)her Prince, from whom he received what is still known 
 a,s the "Bell" Farm, near Bridgetown, until lately owned in this family. 
 He died December 1."), 1830, aged 1)3. His widow died December 15, 
 1832, aged 83. He had children : 
 
 i. Mary, b. at Woodbridge, Masa., 1773. 
 
 ii. Samuel, b. at Elizabethtown, N..J., m. Mary McLean ; fleE^ondants 
 in New York ; perhaps the celebrated publisher, Ans' n >>. Fitz- 
 randolph is among them. 
 
 iii. Mercy, b. at Elizabethtown, N.J. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. 1781, at Staten Island, N.Y., m. (Ist) Charlotte Burkett, 
 (2nd) Catharine Dewolf: Ch.: 1, Edward H., ni. Sarah Little, ne'e 
 Fitzrandolph ; 2, John, m. Anne Gorhani ; 3, James H., m. 
 Susan Menzies, lived at Digby, a leading merchant and magistrate, 
 posterity numerous and respectable, but scattered ; a distinguished 
 son, Hon. Archibald Fitzrandolph, resides at Fredericton, N.B. ; 
 4, Maria, ni. Alexander Sawers, M.D. ; 5, Charles, m. Elizabeth 
 Bath, 
 v. Robert, m. (Ist) Fopt. 15, 1802, Jane Lee, she died March 29, 1312, 
 , in her 27th year, (2nd) Oct. 29th, 1812, Sarah Nichols, she d. 
 May 17, 181<i, (3rd) May 18, 1817, Mary Nichols, she d. April 23, 
 1821, (4th) Phebe Tupper : Ch. : 1, Ann, b. July 29, 1803, m. ; 
 2, Mary, b. Oct. 4, 1805, m. Seth Heals ; 3, Eliza, b. May 12, 1808 ; 
 4, Phebe, b. May 1.3, 1811, d. July 29, 1813 ; (by 2nd wife) : 5, 
 Samuel Rowland, b. Nov. 4, 1813, m. Maria A. Bishop ; 6, 
 David Nichols, b. March 13, 1816, m. Evaline Dodge ; (by 3rd 
 wife) : 7, Mary Charlotte, m. Kinsman Neily ; 8, Henrietta, b. 
 Feb. 24, 1819 ; 9, John Lindley, b. Nov. 23, 1820, m. Maria 
 Shafner ; (by 4th wife) : 10, Robert Elias, m. Isabella Runcinian. 
 
 vi. John Lindley, a phvslcian, m. Sept. 11, 1811, Eliza Willis, in New 
 York ; he d. at St. John N.B., June 5, 1823 : Ch. : 1, William 
 Walter, b. Nov. 16, 1812 ; 2, James Cornwall, b. April 28th, 
 1814 ; 3, Edmond, b. Sept. 9, 1817 ; 4, John Richardson, b. 
 April 1, 1820 ; 5, Caroline Eliza, b. (posthumus) Oct. 26, 1823. 
 
 Foster. Benjamin Foster, great-grandson of Reginald, who, born 
 about 1595, came, probably, from Exeter, England, in 1638, to Ipswich, 
 Mass., through Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson, was born October 
 6, 1689, married March 15, 1725, Sarah, daughter of Ezekiel Woodward, 
 
KOSTEU. 511 
 
 anu (lied either in Ilampstetul, N.H., or immediately after his arrival 
 in Nova Scotia. Tn 1760, his widow with sons Isaac, Ezekiel and 
 Jeremiah, settled in Granville, where she died in 1805, aged 104. 
 Jeremiah returned to the old colonies and settled it is supposed in Maine. 
 The descendants of the other two are very numerous in Nova Scotia, 
 including lawyers (the present Judge of Probate of Halifax is one of 
 them) physicians, clergymen, merchants and shipbuilders. No individual 
 family has done more than this in the planting of orchards and changing 
 the wilderness land.scapes of a century ago into objects of value and 
 beauty. Monuments of their industry and infelligence are conspicuous 
 in every township and hamlet of the county. Benjamin's daughter 
 Judith, born 1726, married John Chute, und daughter Elizabeth married 
 1761, Francis B. LeCain, who.se first wife was Alicia Maria Hyde, and 
 lived in Annapolis. Sarah married Abel Wheelock. 
 
 Isaac Fostkr, born in Jlassachusetts, 1728, married in New Hamp- 
 shire, October 31, 1754, Mehitablo Worthing (dau. of Sanmel). He died 
 1819. Chil(hen: 
 
 i. Benjamin, b. May 24, 1755, m. (1st) Jan. 2:i, 177(>, Elizabeth, dau. 
 of Col. Philip Riuii;irdson, (2nd) Mary Pamela, dau. of Edward 
 Robinson anci Mary Chandler, widow of John Park : Ch. : J , 
 Mehitable, b. May B, 1778, m. Abraiii Chute ; 2, Elizabeth, b, 
 Sept. 1, 1780, m. James Taylor ; 3, Benjamin, b. Aug. 2, 1782, 
 m. Mary, dau. of Samuel Randall ; 4, Sanmel, b. Sept. 9, 1784, 
 m. (Ist) March 17, 1805, Lydia Chute (dau. of John), (2nd) 
 Dec. 4, 1835, Catherine, dau. of Thomas Crips, d. July 29, 1879 ; 
 5, Susanna, b. Aug. 31, 1786, m. Francis Tupper (son of Charles); 
 fi, Mary, b. Dec. 2\), 1788, m. Samuel Tupper (brother to Francis); 
 7, Isaac, b. April 9. 1791, m. Oct. (5, 1814, Elizabeth, dau. of 
 John Patterson, d. Nov. 19, 18G7 ; 8, Abiier, b. May 9th, 1793, 
 m. (1st) Oct. 29, 1818, Sarah, dau. of Benjamin Wheelock, (2nd) 
 Katie Elliot ; 9, Lucy, b. May 24, 1795, m. 1816, William Wood 
 worth, son of Eleazer ; 10, Solomon F., b. Aug. 3, 1797, m. Susan 
 Phinney, dau. of Zaccheus ; 11, Philip, b. July 3, 1799, m. Susan 
 dau. of Wilham Frail ; 12, Helen F., b. Aug. 3, 1801, d. Dec. 10, 
 1833 ; 13, Catherine, b. Nov. 28, 1804, m. Enoch, son of Gardner 
 Dodge. 
 ;i. Jacob, b, 1757, d. 1759. 
 
 iii. Sarah, b. Aug. 15, 1760, m. 1779, John Adams. 
 
 iv. Isaac, b. Aug. 24, 1763, m. 1790, Betsey, dau. of William Gilliatt : 
 Ch. : 1, Charles, b. about 1795, m. (1st) 1820, Mary, dau. of 
 Henry Banks, (2nd) Mary Ann Green ; 2, Mary, b. 1797, m. 
 Charles, son of John Dunn ; 3, Betsey M., b. 1799, m. Daniel 
 Vaughan ; 4, Hannah, b. 1801, m. Edward, son of Samuel Foster ; 
 5, Ann, b. Aug. 20, 1803, d. Sept. 16, 1889 ; 6, Archie G., b. 
 1805, d. 1811 ; 7, Jerusha, b. April 7, 1807, m. Phinea.s, son of 
 Thomas Phinney ; 8, William, b. Dec. 27, 1813, m. Hannah 
 Huntington, 
 v. Mehitable, b. March 23, 1766, m. Oct. 29, 1786, Thos. Phinney (son 
 of Isaac and Anna). 
 
 vi. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 17, 1768, m. Dec. 24, 1789, Jordan, son of 
 Abednego Bicketson. 
 
512 FOSTER. 
 
 vii. Samuel, b. Oct. 1, 1770, m. Eliaiboth Wilson : Ch.: 1, Edward W., 
 in. Hannah, daii. of latiac Fustur, jun. ; 2, Margarut, ni. Ariel 
 Corbitt ; -i, C'lark ; 4, Mary, m. Edward Bruce ; r», Zipporah, 
 ni. Edward (>illiatt ; (>, Matilda, ni. John Milner ; 7, Eliza, ni. 
 Richard Armstrong ; 8, Juhn ; i), Ichabud Curbitt, in. Hannah 
 Allen, 
 viii. Oliver, b. May 1, 1773, m. (Ist) Cynthia, dau. of Israel Fellows, 
 (2nd) Elizabeth, dau. of Daniel Saunders, had ch. : 1, David, b. 
 June 1», 17S>7, ni. (Ist) 1827, Mary Clarke, (2nd) Azubah Whee- 
 lock ; 2, Cynthia, b. March 24, 17»0, ni. Job Randall ; o, Archi- 
 bald Maraden, b. April J4, 1801, in. Eliza Bent ; 4, Ann, b. July 
 1, 180S, m. William, b. 17i>4, son of Fred. Fitch ; f), Maria, b. 
 Aug. 2.S, 18<»7, died April 25, 1822 ; 6, Jerusha, b. May 1!». 1809, 
 in. July 18, 182», Henry, son of Win. Ruffee, 3 ch. ; 7, Robert 
 H., b. March 5, 1812, in. Elizabeth Hall (dau. of John) ; 8, Susan, 
 b. Nov. 8, 1813, ni. Israel, son of Joseph Bent ; (by 2iid wife) : 
 9, Oliver, b. 1817, m. Betsey Woodbury ; 10, Israel, b. 181i>, 
 m. (1st) Minetta, dau. of Asa Foster, wid. of Obadiah Moore, 
 jun., (2nd) Aim Manning, wid. of Ainsley Brown ; 11, Mary 
 Ann, b. 1821, in. (Ist) William Morse, (2nd) J. M. Brown ; 12, 
 Daniel J., b. 1824, m. Mary J. Edgerly ; 13, Charles William, b. 
 182«. 
 ix. Asa, b. Nov. 24, 177«'>, m. .luly 20, 17!)8, Rhoda Hicks, and lived 
 below Bridgetown, farmer and mill-owner, d. Sept. 20, 1854: Ch. : 
 1, Harriet, b. April 2(i, i7!*'J, in. Nathan, son ot Amos and Susan 
 Randall ; 2, Irene, b. March 17, 1802, m. Charles, son of Maurice 
 Peters ; 3, Avicia, b. (Jet. 12, 1804, m. Jaiiies Peters (bro. of 
 Charles) ; 4. William Worthing, b. Aug. 15, 1800, m (1st) 
 Harriet Calvert, 1837 (2iid) Hannah Wheelock (dau. of Asaph); 
 5, Susan Ann, b. Sept. 16, 1808, in. 1833, Jacob, son of Benjamin 
 Foster, jun. ; 0, Louisa Jane, b. May 4, 1811, m. Binea Chute ; 
 7, Minetta, b. Feb. 7, 1813, m. (1st) Obadiah Morse, jun., (2nd) 
 Israel Foster; 8, Oliver G.. b. Dec. 11, 181(5, m. Eliphal Ann 
 Chute, d. (Bayhani, Ont.) 1894; 9, S. Matilda, b. Dee. 10, 1818, 
 m. J. M. Chute; 10, Leah, b. Jan. 27, 1820 ; 11, Eliza, b. March 
 5, 1823, m. Jan. 30, 1850, Charles, son of Theodore Hill. 
 
 EzKKiEL Foster, b. in Massachusetts about 1730, d. Jan. 29, 1819, m. 
 (1st) in Hampstead, N.H., Oct. 31, 1754, Mary Roberts, (2nd) Sept. 
 30, 1770, Ruth, dau. of William Farn.sworth. Children: 
 
 i. Sarah, b. 1756, d. 1760. 
 
 ii. Marthft. b. Aug. 13, 1757, m. Ttenjamin Chute. 
 
 iii. John, b. in New Hampshire, March 29, 1760, m. Dec. 26, 1781, 
 Elizabi 'h, dau. of Abednego Ricketsoi., a minister in tlie Meth- 
 odist Church, d. Sept. 29, 1827 ; Ch. : I, Ph<ebe, b. May 28, 1783, 
 d. June ; 2, John, b. A})ril 11. 1784, m. July 14, 1813, Sarah 
 Brown, d. F« h. 21, 18"? ; 3, Ruth, b. Aug. 12, 1787, in. May 21, 
 
 1807, Walter Wilkins ; 4. Phebe, b. Jan. 28, 1790, m. 182.", James 
 Roach ; 6, Frederick, b. May 13, 1792, m. 1814, Rache' Benedict, 
 5 ch. ; 6, Willis, b. Nov. 15, 1794, m. (Ist) 1826, Susrt'>i.a, dau. 
 of V/ni. Pierce, (2nd) Nancy, dau. of Ezra Foster, 5 ch. ; 7, 
 Elizabeth, b. Dec. 23, 1796, m. Oct. 10, 1817, James, son of Win. 
 Pierce ; 8, Henry, b. May 20, 1799, m, March 15, 1827, Jane 
 
 , Truesdale ; 9, Ezekiel, b. July 26, 1801, m. Sept. 5, 1822, Eliza, 
 dau. of John and Margaret Dugan ; 10, Mary Ann, b. Jan. 10, 
 1804, m. Jan. 1, 1829, Zebulon Neily ; 11, Bayard, b. July 8, 
 
 1808, m. Mary Ann, dau. of Ezra F. Foster. 
 
roSTER — (JATfiS. 513 
 
 iv. Eztikiel, jiin., h. Miircli .'«), 17«W, ni. Miiy, IHOM, Eliwilwtli Bivcnn, 
 dull, of Jimeph Driiig: Ch.: 1, TIk.iiiiih, h. IH04, in. Fel.. I'i, 1827, 
 Miuy, (Ihu. i)f Koiijiiinin Wlioolock ; 2, K/.ih, h. IHiYJ, in. Nov. H, 
 18.'U, Htiiiniili Bohiikur (diiii. of Michiiul) ; ',i, Kliwihutli Ann, li. 
 mM, 111. Abel Whoolofk (bro. of Miiry) ; 4, Miiry F., I). 1811, in. 
 Willimii BiiiikH; 5, Tiiiiiiir B., in. Buiijaiiiin IliiiulHll; (i, Krhuliiidii, 
 b. 181«, (1. Miiy », 184« ; 7, A«lol|.lius W., b. 1818, in. Ciin.linc, 
 (lull, of Joimtlmn Woodbury ; 8, Israel, b. 1821, d. 1822 ; i», 
 Mivrtliit, b. 1824, in. Kev. Ituiiiu McC'ivnii. 
 V. .losojdi, b. Oct. 18, 1771, 111. Jane, dan. of Mosoh Ray: Ch.: 1, 
 Until, b. 175MJ, d. March, 1814 ; 2, Ezekiel, b. 175«», in. June 21, 
 1821, Mary A. VVatorH ; li, Jane, b. 1801, in. Abel Wheeh.ck (son 
 of John) ; 4, Hannah, b. 18()2, in. Newconib Bent; 5, Joseph, b. 
 1805, 111. Ziliiah, <lau. of Michael Martin ; «, John M., b. 1807, 
 111. Lucilla, dau. of Fairfield, son of Jonathan VVoodbiiry ; 7, Sophia 
 Ann, b. 1807, ni. Edward, son of Michael Martin ; 8, Exra, !>. Sept., 
 1814, 111. (Ist) Mary Ann Burkitt, (2nd) Mary Ann VanBuskirk. 
 
 vi. Ezra Farnsworth, b. Aug. 1, 1773, m. Jan. 24, 1708, Suwuina, dau. 
 of John Troop: Ch. : 1, Nancy, b. .Jan. 2fi, 17!H>, in. Jan. 20, 1HX\, 
 Willis, son of John Foster ; 2, Gilbert, b. Sept. 10, 180O, d. 1805; 
 a, Uufus, b. June 3, 1802, lu. Aug. 4, 1838, Jhristian Tough (4 
 sons, one J. G. Fosteu, Esq., Judge of Probate, Halifax) ; 4, Mary 
 Ann, b. 1804, ni. Bayanl Foster ; 6, William Young, b. May 23, 
 1800, 111. Minett^i, dau. of Seth Leonard ; 0, George, b. Aug. 18, 
 1808, d. uniii.; 7, Lucy. b. Aug. 2, 1810, in. William Tough ; 8, 
 Eunice, b. Oct. 25, 1812, in. Fred. L. B. Vrooiii (son of (Jeorge) ; 
 
 0, Israel, b. May 8, 1815, d. young ; 10, Frances Eliza, b. July 0, 
 1817, in. William Vroom (bro. to Frederic) ; 11, Susanna, b. July 
 
 1, 1822, unm. 
 
 Gates. 1. Stkphbn Gates, with wife Ann, and children Tlioniiis and 
 Simon, came over in tlie Diliyent in 1G38 from Norwich, P]ngland, to 
 Hingham, 'and tiience to Cambridge, Mass., and died 16(52. Capt. Old- 
 ham Gates, born in Cambridge, 171G, was his great-grandscm, through his 
 son Simon and grandson Amos, who married 1 703, Hannah, daughter of 
 Samuel Oldham, her mother lieing Hannah Dana. Oldham Gates 
 inr.rried (1st) 1745, Mehitable, daughter of Jolm Trowbridge, (2nd) 
 Patience (or Frauoes) Bartlett, (3rd) Thankful A(him.s, (4th) Jennie Dow 
 or Dowe, (5th) Jemima Potts, widow. He arrived here as early as 1760, 
 and in 1763 he was commissioned Captain of the militia. (According to 
 the "Chute Genealogies" he was in 1775 in the Royal forces, and 
 wounded at Bunker Hill ; but I would suggest some nephew, perhaps son 
 of his brother Amos, for that distinction. — Ed.) He was a grantee in 
 both divisionii of the township, and about 1783 sold liis lands in tlie first 
 division and removed to those assigned hinx in the second divisitm, the 
 Nictaux district. One of his sons, Oldham, and thnv grandsons, sons of 
 his son Jolin, settled on the North Mountain, north of Middleton, and 
 gave their name to that portion of it. They were the founders of Port 
 George, wliich, it is to be regretted, was not called Gatesville in their 
 lionour. In 1812 Charles Do<lge and the brothers Gates built tlie first 
 vessel ever launched there, and perhaps the first ever built on the whole 
 33 
 
514 
 
 OATRS. 
 
 North Mountivin. Hhe wim intt'iitled for a privateer (h(*«> \k l!H(i). He liiul 
 children: 
 
 {2) 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 vi. 
 vii. 
 viii. 
 
 ix. 
 
 X. 
 
 •lonaH, h. 1746. 
 
 Dorotiiy, 111. Kdwitril Whitman, sen. 
 
 Jniiieg, I). 175.'!, in. llacliel FitltiH, aiul liviid in Mulvern Si|imi'u : (-h. : 
 
 1, John, III. Catherine Smith (dnu. of FrnneiHHiulg.-i'.iiii.of Aimtin); 
 
 2, bt'njaniin, in. Klizaheth (iouchur; 'A, Ruth, in. John, Hon of 
 Daviil and Amy Rjindall ; 4, Mary, in. Alux. Chtrk ; 5, Klla, m. 
 Samuel Miller ; K, ( )ldhain, in. Lavinia McNeill ; 7, llachel, d. 
 1822 ; 8, Daniel, m. Harriet, dau. of Stephen Jotfei-Hon ; i>, Kli»i, 
 d. young ; 10, Sarah, in. John Hayes. 
 
 By Necond wife : 
 .lohn, 1>. according to "Chute GonealogiuH," in 175H, m. Judith 
 Baker : Ch. : 1, JanieH, h. 178:1, in. Mary Warrl ; 2. EliaH, h. 1785, 
 III. (lat) Hannah Wanl, (2nd) Olivia HurHt, ne'r FariiHworth ; li, 
 Jacob, h. March 7, 1788, m. (iHt) Mary Brt)wn, (2iid) Mary Pierce ; 
 4, Azuba, h. 1780, in. Ward Wheelock, (son of Rlian) ; 5, Ann, in. 
 Jonathan, Hon of AiiHtin Smith ; b, SuHiinna, in. William Pierce, 
 
 tun.; 7, SilaH, in. Sarah, dau. of Joel FaniHWoith. 
 iy third wife ; 
 
 Amos, in. Margaret liarley (no isHue). 
 
 Mary, b. 1758, m. E/.ekiel Brown. 
 
 Thankful, b. 17ttO, in. Paul Cnicker, jun., lived in Aylesfoi-d. 
 
 Hannah, b. about 17<S3, in. Benjamin FaleH. 
 
 Oldham, jun., b. 1765, m. (iBt)Iiachel, dau. of George Stronach, (2nd) 
 Eleanor, dau. of John Slocuin : Ch. : 1, George, b. 18<)7, in. Louisa, 
 dau. of Isaac LanderH ; 2, R^ichel, m. Samuel Bowlby ; ',i, Lavinia, 
 b. Jan. 3, 1815, m. John W. Bowlby ; 4, Maria, b. Sept. 15, 1816, 
 m. John H. Potter ; 5, William, b. 1818, m. (Ist) Sarah E., dau. of 
 Ambrose Gates, (2nd) Susan, dau. of Win. Hawkins ; 6, Amos, b. 
 1820, d. 1848 ; 7, Sarah E,, b. 1822, m. William VanBuskirk, 8, 
 Caleb, b. 1824, in. Anna, dau. of Andretis Bohaker ; 9^ Sustm, b. 
 Nov. 10, 1826, ni. George Roach ; 10, John S., b. June 28, 1828, 
 unni. 
 
 Samuel, b. 1772, m. July 16, 1797, Sarah, cbiu. of William Morshall : 
 Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. July 16, 1799, m. 1818, Willai-d Graves ; 2, 
 Ambrose, b. Dec. 20, 1802, m. l&JO, R;ichel, dau. of John Cropley ; 
 8, Amoret, b. Jan. 26, 1804, m. Edward, son of Joseph Brown ; 4, 
 Samuel, b. Aug. 8, 1807, d. abroad ; 5, William, b. Sept. 26, 1810, 
 m. Mary, dau. of John Clark, removed to Michigan or California ; 
 6, Willett, I). Aug. 25, 1814, in. 1844, Mary, dau. of Joseph 
 Neily ; 7, Sarah Ann, b. Dec. 18, 1819, m. Daniel, son of Enoch 
 Wood. 
 
 2. Jonas Gates, son of Captain Oldham, born probably at Spencer, 
 Mass., 1746, married Hepzibah Baker, died about 1823. Children: 
 
 i. John, b. about 1785, m. Elizabeth Fales, d. almut 1836 : Ch. : 1, 
 Ruth, m. (Ist) Levi Phinney, (2nd) Betsey Marshall ; 2, Ann, m. 
 Thomas, son of Richard Bowlby ; 3, Caroline, m. Joseph, son of 
 Stephen Goucher ; 4, Joseph Diniock, m. Eliza, dau. of James 
 and Rachel Ray ; 6, Burton, d. young ; 6, Enoch, m. Mary Eliza 
 Marshall (dau. of William, jun.); 7, Evaline, m. George S. Phinney ; 
 8, Mary, m. Oliver Randall ; 9, Elijah, m. Eliza, dau. of John 
 Elagan ; 10, Hepzibah, in. John, son of John Spinney. 
 
(lATKM— (IKSXKU. ')15 
 
 ii. TlioiniiH, tn. .Iiiiiu IH, im\, Miuy Ann 'VfitiKuHkirk : Cli.: I, T. 
 Ilitndluy Chipiiiiiii, I). .Iiiiio IT*, \H\)ii, in. Miiry iliirdy Miiritliiill ; 
 •2, MeliiU))lu, h. Oct. 2, 1H(M>, in. Oliver Krowii ; :t, I'liulie, h. 
 .luiio Id, IHOH, 111. Will. Cook ; 4, liinlishobii, I). Mar.hr), 1H«0, 
 III. Klijiih Downey ; Ti, Tlioniiia Aimluy, It. Miiich (1, IKl'J, iii. 
 KYviii i)o\viiuy ; 0, £)li/.iilietli, )>. .Miircli 'Ji'i, 1HI4, in. .lolin Itiiker, 
 juii. ; 7, Hoiiry, 1). Doc 7, IHlTi, in.; H, Uurtis, h. Folt. Jl, IH18, 
 111. ill Mnino; !t, (ieori^o Neily, 1). Fob. 'J'.i, IHi'O, ni. in Maine ; 10. 
 Itev. Lawrence Vanli , h. lH2:t ; 11, Su.shii, ni. (Seorgc Moynton 
 (Ontiirio). 
 
 iii. Meliitiililo, in. ClmileH Dodge. 
 
 iv. SiiAun, b. .Inn., I77H, m. Nutiiiin RiiiidHll. 
 
 V. Sariili, b. 17H(i, in .John lloii;,'li. 
 
 vi. Elizabetli, 1>. 17i*4, in. (Jeorgo Neily (son of .losepli). 
 vii. Prudence, b. 17!H), in. Willinin, noii of .lohn McKoiiiiii. 
 viii. Hepzibfili, b. 17!>7, ni. (I.st) William Stronacli, ('Jnd) Ephraim 
 Downie. 
 
 ix. Jo.sepii, III. IHlil, Hultlii Urown, d. IHtiO, aged about 70: Ch. : 
 7 Nona and 2 dauH. 
 
 X. Henry, ui. (Ist) Mary Van Horne Tuppor, (2iid) duly (J, 1H1;{, 
 Mercy, dan. of William liurteaux ; was M.P. P. for township of 
 Annapolis one term : (Jli. : 4 sons and 4 dau.s., jiio Enwi.v CJates, 
 Eh(|., High HheritFof the County of Annapolis. 
 
 (tKHNKK. Tlie (lesners of Aniuipi)liM C'jiintv are descended from 
 Henkuick Ges.vkh, II nativo of (lorinaiiy who settled in New York, in 
 1709. A son John married Famitcha Brauer, of New York, of lespectahle 
 Dutch orij^in, and two of the nine children of this inarriaye — Henry 
 and Abuaham, twins horn in 17r)G -ol)taiiied coinniissions in one of the 
 loyal regiments, and came to Nova Scotia in 1783. Henry settled in 
 Cornwallis.* Abraham's biography will be found among the memoirs of 
 the M. P.P's. He married 178G, Elizabeth Steadman, and had chiUlren : 
 
 i. Hannah, b. 1787, d. 188.'5, in. John Troop, 
 ii. Famitcha, b. 1788, d. 1879, in. Andrew Walker, 
 iii. Jacob, b. 1791, m. Elizabeth Trites (Westmoreland, N.B.) : Ch. : 
 
 I, Catherine, m. 1837, Abraham Jones ; 2, Elizabeth Caroline, m. 
 1844, William Henry Ben; ; 3, Thomas, m. 1855, Olive Cutler ; 
 4, Isaa". Ml. 1852, Mary Farrell ; 5, Malcolm, in. 1855, Eliza 
 Thome ; G, Edward, m. Elizabeth Murdoch ; 7, Abraham, m. 
 18G0, Barbara Wallace ; 8, Jacob, m. 18G2, Catharine Carpenter ; 
 9, Margaret, in. Mariner Hicks ; 10, William, m. Sophia Briggs ; 
 
 II, Alice, m. Alfred B.^nnell. 
 iv. Elizabeth, b. 1793, d. 1883, u:iin. 
 
 V. Maria, b. 1795, d. 1880, unm. 
 
 vi. Henry, b. 1797, d. 18H9, m. Mary Bent, 
 
 vii. Horatia, b. 1799, m. John Henry Ditmars. 
 
 viii Caroline, b. 1802, ni. Moses Shaw, M.P.P. 
 
 * Henry, m. ip f'ornwallis, i 80, Sarah Pineo, and died 1850. They had oh.: 1, 
 RelMicca, b. 1787, m. Elkanah Terry; 2, John Henry, b. 1789; 3, Elizabeth, b. 
 1791, ni. Hon. Samuel Chipinan ; 4, David Henry; 5, Famitcha, b. 1795, m. 1821, 
 Benjamin Coasitt ; 6, Dr. Abraham, the distinguished naturalist, b. 1797, ni. 
 Sophia, dau. of Dr. J. Webster, and d. 1864 ; 7, (iibbs Henry, b. 1799 ; 8, Sarah C, 
 
 b. ISli'J, m. Dr. Carr ; 9, Henry, h. 1804, m. Kidston ; 10, Ann Maria, b. 1806, 
 
 m. Edward Hamilton ; 11, Lucy, b. 1809; 12, Charlotte Ann, b. 1813, m, Samuel 
 Barnaby.— [Ed.] 
 
510 (iESNER— OILLIArr. 
 
 ix. Iwmc, h. 1804, *«l. IH24, unm. 
 
 X. Abriihiiin, b. IHtH't, m. CliriHtiiiii Viiiiii^, d. |8r>.'t : Ch.: 1, Ann, m. 
 .Iiilin Covi-rt ; 2, llorHtia, ni. (Seor^u lii-nt ; .'i, Mury (iritHNie, m, 
 •losuph Kuiiiiutt ; 4, FHiiiitcliii NibrDiittt, iii. liinii'N (iordon ; 
 r>, AbriliHin, unin. ; (t, Ihhhu, hi. F'runooH tlit/.lcwiuHl 
 xi. Du Fidiieoy Mixuly, li. |H(M>, in. (1st) Lucy A. Jiimgley, (2nil) .limo 
 Kii^lfMon : Ch.: 1, Kli/.iibtith, I). lMi!>, iinni, ; 2, Snniuul, m. 
 Kli/abuth Hrinton, mr C'hiitt) ; M, Fiiniitcha, in. John /. Itoiit ; 
 4, Leiiiidur, iiiiin.; 5, Mitry, uiiin. ; (t, Rupurt Durby, in. Haniiuh 
 Ciivert ; 7, Alien, m WfttHon JonoH ; 8, Percy Ku}{i!iic, nnin. ; (by 
 2iid wife) : !>, .Iiicob Valentino, iinm. ; 10, Ktlith May ; 11, Arthur 
 Wuftluy ; 12, Hannah (SliidiH ; l.'t. HeHHiu Maud. 
 
 xii. (ioor^e I'rovost, b. 1812, d. 1882, ni. Phebe Ytinn(| : Ch.: 1, .lames 
 Edward ; 2, Ann Anijliii, in Jacob Boehner ; .'i, Marj^aret •lane, 
 III. Alfred Hunt ; 4, AgnoM Kiiiina, in, Albert D. Munroe ; fi, Wil- 
 liam Young, m. Mary Ann Ley ; 0, Elizabeth Cordelia I^wrence, 
 III. •loliii H. (lesner ; 7, Horatio Nelson, in. (Ist) Anna Roop (no 
 iKNue), (2iid) Margaret Rent ; 8, George Rawlingfi, in. Ania/.etta 
 Hazelwood ; 0, Annanilla, in. Sylvester Rent ; 10, Maria R., ni. 
 Norman Roop ; 11, Abraham Van D., d. unm.; 12, Seth Leonard, 
 d. unm.; l.'i, .lohn Henry, in. Fluretta Hawke. 
 
 (■iLi.iATT. William (iILLIatt was born in Yurkshiie, 1738, ciiine to 
 (iianville iibout 1774, and .settled on a farm in (Jranville, on which the 
 homestead is still occupied by his descendants. He married in England 
 Rebecca Appleby, born 1743, and had children (of whom perhaps three 
 were born in Knghind) : 
 
 i. Eliaibeth, b. 17H0, m. Isanc Foster. 
 
 ii. Williani, h. 1771, m. 1801, Lydia Potter : Ch.: 1, Susanna, b. 1802, 
 ni. William Henry Shipley ; 2, Mary Ann, b. 1805, m. William 
 Franklin Potter ; 3, Josejih, b. 1807, m. Kexiah Witherspoon ; 
 
 4, Rebecca, b. 1809, m. (Ist) Walter Willett, (2nd) Samuel Hall ; 
 
 5, David, b. 1811, m. Mary Ann Hardwick ; 0, Israel, b. 1813, m. 
 Sarah Potter ; 7, William Allen, b. 1816, in. Olivia Phinney ; 
 8, .Tames, b. 1817, m. Jerusha Kinsman. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. 1773, m. .John Wheelock. 
 iv. Rebecca, b. 1774, m. Douwo Amberman.f 
 V. Ann, b. 177(i, ni. Thomas Hamilton, 
 vi. John, b. 1778, m. Susan Potter: Ch.: 1, Eliza, in.; 2, Esther, m.; 
 
 3, Ann, in. ; 4, Harriet, m. Nelson Miller ; 5, John, m. Sabina 
 Benson ; C, Edmund, m. Susan Dunn ; 7, Warren, d. unm.; 
 8, James, d. unm. 
 
 vii. Catharine, b. 1780, in. James Van Blarcom. 
 
 viii. Thomas, b. 1782, m. Catharine Webber : Ch. : 1, James, m. Mar- 
 garet Anderson; 2, William, m. Susan Starr; 3, Jeremiah, m. ; 
 
 4, Thomas Henry, m. (ist) Zipporah Foster, (2nd) Mary Ann 
 Corbitt ; 6, Catharine m. Silas Potter ; 6, Mary Magdalen, m. 
 .Tosiah .T. Ruggles ; 7, Christopher, in. Miry Ann Potter. 
 
 ix. Hannah, b. 1784. 
 X. Sarah, b. 1786, m. Stephen Parker. ' 
 
 t Douwe Ainberman, 1). in the old colony of New York, of Dutch or German 
 origin, came to (iranville probably with father and brothers. Loyalists: Ch. : 1, 
 Mary Ann, b. 1801 ; 2, William, b. 1803 ; 3, Paul, b. 1805 ; 4, Jane, m. Robert 
 Mills (son of William); .5, Sarah A., b. 1807; 8, Douwe, m. Elizabeth Letteney 
 (dau. of William) ; 9, Catharine, b. 1811 ; 10, David, b. 1813; 11, John, b. 1816. 
 
(ill-LIATT— OOUCHKB. 517 
 
 xi. Miolmol ?>. I78!>, m. IHIO, Amoliiv Parker: Ch.: I, Rubeucn Ann, 
 I). IHIO, III. .lolin Olivur : 2, Williuin. Ii. IHl.'l, in. iMaiKurut 
 I'lirkur ; •'<, .lolui VVunley, l>. IHltl, in. LouiHit MtiiikH ; 4, •litiiion, 
 I). 1HH», III. (1st) SuHiin Sjmrr, (iJinl) Martha Chiito (no Insuc) ; 5, 
 KdiiiiiiMl, h. 1H2.'<, III. Aiiiorut Cliiitu ; <t, (Suorge, h. 18'J*1, in. 
 .Sophia /wicker. 
 
 (JouriiKH. KuwAKU luul Htki'IIKn Oouciikk came to the county in 
 178;J. Thoy may have been son.s or l)rothers of tlie Joseph Oouclier, a 
 Loyalist, who was a yraiitee of Ht. John at the saint' period, Stephen 
 named a son Joseph. SrKPiifc.v UoL'ciikh, b. 17G-', in. 178'*, Mary <>a^e, 
 b. 1764, d. 1H»8. Children; 
 
 i. VViliiain, b. 1785, m. Muhitablo Crocker Cli. : 1, Susan, in. .facob 
 .lowut ; 2, Mary, iii. .'oliii Hrown ; .'{, Wesley, d. umiii.; 4, 
 Rebecca, d. uiiiii.; 5, fjindley, d. uiiin. ; (I, .'oliii, d, uniii.; 7, 
 Jaiiiefl, III. Maria Weaver ; 8, Phobe, in. Dimifl Ward ; 0, Maria, 
 in. Uitliert Early ; lU, David, in. (Ist) Eli/.itl)uth McUranahain, 
 (2nd) Uurtha ( J raves ; 11, Alplieus, in. Rachel Marshall; 12, 
 Wosiey, in. Maggie VVilkins. 
 
 ii. Edward, b. 1787, m. Mary Raker: C'h. ; 1, Lovicia , 2, Reis, in. 
 (Ist) Flannanan, (2nd) Elizabeth Woodbury ; 3, Seraph, in, 
 Leason Baker ; 4, Elizabeth, in. Diinuck Banks ; 5, Ann, m. 
 Samuel L. Tilley. 
 
 iii. Joseph, b. 178!), in. Caroline fJatea (dau. of John); Ch, : 1, Eliza- 
 beth, in. William Steplieiisoii ; 2, Dimock, iii. Martha Saunders ; 
 .'{, Rosanna, m. .lohn Welsh, of Digby ; 4, Henry, in. Margaret 
 i'arker ; 5, Rlv. John, m. Angelina Marshall ; 6, Mary, m. 
 SilvanuN Miinroe ; 7, Iiiglis, m. Ella Tilley, 
 
 iv. Manley, b. 17t)l, in. Susan Randall ; Cli.; 1, Ambrose, m. (1st) 
 Amanda Palmer, (2nd) Mary Tilley ; 2, (ieorge, m. (Ist) Augusta 
 Nichols, (2nd) Lavinia Nichols ; Ii, Sidney, m. Fannie Goucher ; 
 4, James, in. Abigail Parker ; 5, Charles, m. Edna Burkett (no 
 issue); <>, Sarah Jane, iii. Samuel Patterson ; 7, Lavinia, m. Job 
 Randall ; 8, Sophia, d. uniu. ; {), Margaret, d. unin.; 10, — , d. 
 
 UIIIII. 
 
 v. David, b. 179-'l, in. Mary Ann Gage : Ch. : 1, Phebe, in. James 
 Upton ; 2, Charles, m. Bessie Perkins ; .1, Fannie, m. Sidney 
 Goucher ; 4, George, m. Anna White ; 6, Frederic, d. unni. 
 vi. John, m. I'iadama Wiggins, 
 vii. Elizabeth, b. 17'.>7, m. Renjaniin Gates, 
 viii. Hannah, b. 17!M), m. William McKenna. 
 ix. Phebe, b. 1802, m. John Simmons. 
 
 Edward CtOUCiier, married Hannah Wilson, and had children ; 
 
 i. Rebecca, m. (Ist) George Starratf,, (2nd) AVilliam Phinney. 
 
 ii. Mary, m. James Armstrong. 
 
 iii. John, m. (Ist) Naiijy Grimes, (2nd) Nancy Grimes, her niece : 
 Ch.; 1, — , d. unm. ; 2, Rev. Walter, m. Sarah Saunders; 3, 
 Hannah, d. unm.; 4, William, m. (1st) Phebe Swallow, (2nd) 
 Sophia Ocker ; 6, Rev. John, in. -- (lives in England, where he is 
 rector «)f a parish) ; G, Rebecca, in. Peter Margeson ; 7, James, 
 m. Elizabeth Durland ; 8, Mary Ann, in. Silas Margeson ; 9, 
 Hugh Parker, in. Mary Trask. 
 
318 HALL. 
 
 Hall. 1. Jonx Hall came here in 1760 with his brother Zechariah, 
 from Medford, Mass., and settled in Lower Granville. (See memoir, page 
 336.) He was descended from Nathaniel Hall, who came from Kngland 
 to Dorchester, INlass., in 1634, through his son tJohn, who was born in 
 1626, ra. April 2, 1656, Elizabeth, dan. of Percival and Ellen Greer, 
 and was "select-man" of Medford in 1690; and grandson John, b. 
 Dec. 13, 1660, who m. Jemima, dau. of Joseph Sill ; and great-grandson 
 John, who was l)orn 1690, and ni. 17-'0, Elizabeth, dau. of Timothy 
 Walker; was a representative, liad J) other children, and d. Aug. 8, 1746. 
 One of his children, b. 1730, d. in Boston, 1792, m. Abigail Brooks, may 
 have been the Joseph whose name is in the capitation tax list of xVnnap- 
 olis in 1792. John, fourth of the name in lineal order, was born 1720, 
 and m. (1st) 1746, Mary Keizer, who died 1782, aged 62, (2nd) about 
 1790, Mary Kelley, widow of James Delap, and died 1792. Children ; 
 
 (2) i. John, b. July 24, 1747. 
 
 ii. Henry, b. June 29, 1749, d. 1841. unni. 
 
 iii. Moses, b. Nov. 28, 1750, m. Martha Sprague. 
 
 iv. Aaron, b. 1752. These two did not come to Nova Scotia. 
 
 v. Mary, b. 1755, d. 1757. 
 
 vi. Lucy, b. 1757, ni. George Wooster. 
 
 vii. Samuel, b. 1759, d. 17«0. 
 
 viii. Elizabeth, b. 1761, in N.S., ni. Capt. Henry Harrisj Bear River. 
 
 (3) ix. James, b. 1764. 
 
 (4) X. Samuel, b. 1767. 
 
 Perhaps David Hall, b. May 30, 1746, and Thomas, b. Aug. 14, 1748, 
 were also of this family. 
 
 2. John Hall was born July 24, 1747, and in ^773 m. Elizabeth, 
 
 dau. of William Pritchard, and lived in Granville. Children : 
 
 i. John Taylor, b. 1774, d. young, 
 ii, Mary, b. 1770, d. 1779. 
 iii. ElizHbeth, b. 1778, d. 1800. 
 iv. Atalanta, b. 1780, ni. William Porter, 
 v. William, b. 1783, d. young. 
 
 vi. Joseph Cossins, b. 1786, ni. (Ist) Hannah Shafner, (2nd) Deborah 
 Calkins: Ch. : 1, John, m. Catherine Longley ; 2, Hannah, m. 
 William Henry Munroe ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Ann, m. Ryder ; 
 4, Margaret, nj. Asa Porter ; 5, Eliza, m. John Croscup. 
 vii. George Wooster, b. 1785 (twin*), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Joseph 
 Thomas: Ch.: 1, Sarah, m. Daniel Kennedy; 2, Elizabeth, m. 
 William Blaney ; 3, Martha, m. Andrew Randall ; 4, Joseph, m. 
 (1st) Priscilla Cushing, (2nd) Abigail Young, lu'e Litch ; 6, 
 Armanilla, d. unin ; 6, George, d uum. ; 7, Mary Ann, m. 
 Isaac Vroom. 
 viii. Moses, b. 1787, m. Sybil, dau. of James Thome : Ch. : Elizabeth P., 
 
 b. 1831, n». John H. Foster, 
 ix. Thomas, b. 1790, d. 1866, unm. 
 X. Sarah, m. (1st) Daniel, son of Andreas Bohaker, d. 1812, (2nd) 
 
 John Croscup. 
 xi. Lucy, m. Daniel Croscup. 
 xii. Martha, m George Croscup. 
 
 * St. .Luke's church record has " twins of John Hall, bpd. July 1, 1798." 
 
HALL. SID 
 
 3. Jamrs Hall was l)orn in 1704, aiul in. (1st) 171)0, Havilah Shnw, 
 (2n(l) 1816, Mary Dolap; was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1807. 
 Mr. Miliidge, Ciistos of the County, in a repoi-t to the Governor, advised 
 against Mr. Hall's appointment as a magistrate on account of his alleged 
 democratic principles, and because he was a " Newlight." The loyalty 
 of these seceders from old Congregationalism was suspected. He died in 
 1846. Children: 
 
 i. Mivry Kei/.er, 1>. 17!*1, ni. Sfimuel, son of John Morehouse. 
 
 ii. David Shaw, b. l?!*-'*, in. (1st) Catherine Wade (2nd) Susan HiiII, 
 lu'e Reed, (.'^rd) Mrs. Lawrence : Cli. : 1, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1810, 
 ni. J. Fletcher Batli, J. P.; 2, James Henry, b. 1820, m. (1st) 
 1842, Mary S. Cutler; li, Edward Fell.>w.s'b, 1822, m. Jerusha 
 Tupper ; 4, David lloid, b. 1828, d. 18;« ; 5, Mary Jane, b. 18;i2. 
 
 iii. James Harris, b. 17!>.'3, m. Jane, dau. of Jamea Thorn : Ch.: 1, 
 James, b. 1823, ni. Ann W. DeForeat ; 2, David Harris, b. 1824, 
 m. Su.san Mary Gove ; .'i, Stephen S. , b. 182i), ni. Havilah Shaw 
 Fellows ; 4, Havilah, b. 18:28, d. unm. ; 5, Annie Maria, b. 1830, 
 m. George DoForest. 
 
 iv. Mehitable Patten, b. 17!>7, m. Stephen Sneden Thorne, M.P.P. 
 v. Elizabeth Catharine, b. 17!'!», m. James Delap, M.P.P. 
 
 vi. Ann Phinney, b. 18(K), m. Israel Fellows, 
 vii. Thomas Harris, b. 1802, m. Susanna Ileid : Ch. : 1, Lucy, m. Robert 
 
 Mills, J. P.; and others, 
 viii. Lawrence, b. 1804, m. 1828, Ann Eliza Eaton : Ch : 1, Edward H., 
 b. 1820, m. Caroline Hall, d. 1884 ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 18.'{0, d. 
 1833 ; 3, Harris, b. 1832, ni. Batiiia Mechie, d. 1868 ; 4, Law- 
 rence, b. 1835, m. twice, ; 5, Jacob, b. 1837, d. 1838 ; G, Jacob V., 
 b. 1830, d. 1850 ; 7, Charles W., b. 1841, m. Eliza Wing, d. 1877 ; 
 8, Samuel, b. 1844, m. Alice, dau. of Tarbell Wheelock ; 7, Mary 
 Ann, b. 1847, m. George Hoyt. 
 
 ix. Zebina, b. 1807, m. Sarah Harris (diu. of Alpheus): Ch. : 1, Zebina 
 S., m. Georgina Carlisle : 2, Alpheus Harris, m. Sarah Banks 
 (Newfoundland) ; 3, Havilah, ni. David Bath ; 4, Lucille, ni. 
 Henry Fairweather ; 5, Henry, d. unm. ; 0, Elvidge, d. unm. ; 7, 
 Stej)hen, m. Elizabeth Macdonald ; 8, William, m. Sophia Duncan. 
 
 X. William Henry, b. 1800, m. Ann Robblee : Ch.: 1, Moses Shaw, 
 m. Frances ; 2, Thomas Harris, m. Emma Kate Estabrooks. 
 
 xi. Jo.seph Reid, b. 1812, m. Susan Robblee: Ch.: 1, Mary Havilah, 
 m. William Smith ; 2, Susan, d. unm. ; 3, Hannah Jane, ni. 
 George W. Mills ; 4, James Reid, m. Elizabeth Pritchard Hall ;. 
 5, Laura Jud.son, m. Nelson Lutz. 
 xii. Samuel, b. 1815, m. Louisa Hall: Ch.: 1, Mary Ann, m. West( a 
 A. Fowler. 
 By second wife : 
 xiii. Joseph, b. 1819. m. Phebe Shaw, 
 xiv. Havilah, b. 1826, d. young. 
 
 4. Samuel Hall, b. 1767, ra. 1791, Ruth Hicks (dau. of John), who 
 was born 1765, d. 1856. Children : 
 
 i. Weston, b. 1792, m. 1810, Sarah, dau. of James Delap: Ch.: 1, 
 Elizabeth, b. 1818, m. Robert Foster ; 2, Louisa Jane, b. 1821, 
 m. (1st) Samuel Hall, (2nd) Daniel Clark ; 3, Sarah Ann, b. 1824, 
 m. Stephen Eaton ; 4, James Weston, b. 1829, d. unm. ; 6, Ruth, 
 b. 183.3, m. William Winchester. 
 
520 HALL— HARDWICK. 
 
 ii. Hannah, b. 1794, m. (Ist) Robert, son of James Delap, (2nil) Robert 
 Randall. 
 
 iii. Henry, b. 1705, ni. Nancy, dau. of James Eaton : Ch. : 1, Lucy Ann, 
 b. 182(>, m. Joseph Robblee ; 2, Stephen, b. 1829, d. unm.; 3, 
 Watson, d. unin.; 4, Moses, b. 1831, ni. Frances Murphy; 5, 
 Caroline, b. 1835, m David Dolap ; (5, Henry, b. 1837, m. Eliza- 
 beth Fowler ; 7, Edward, d. unni.; 8, John, d. unm.; !), Hannah, 
 m. Stephen Blaney. 
 
 iv. Nancy, b. 179(5, m. Thomas Young. 
 V. Phebe, b. 1798, m. James, son of Sylvester Wade. 
 
 vi. Samuel, b. 1800, m. 1825, Temperance Delap (no issue). 
 
 vii. John, b. 1802, d. Oct., 18ti7, unm. 
 viii. Elizabeth, b. 1804, d. 1809. 
 
 ix. Elizabeth Ruth, b. 1809, m. Edward Eaton, J.P. 
 
 John Hall, progenitor of another family of the name, was a native (.f 
 the city of Bristol, England. He resided in the eastern section of the 
 county before 1790. In 1793 he married Nancy, daughter of the then 
 late Lieut.-Col. Henry Munroe, and settled on the North Mountain, near 
 the line between Wilnict and Granville. Children ; 
 
 i. John, b. 1795, m. 1817, Eleanor Clark : Ch.: 1, Sarah Ann, b. 1819, 
 d. unm.; 2, Mary Matilda, b. 1821, m. Eleazer Woodworth ; 3, 
 David, b. 1823, m. Ann Foster ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1825, m. William 
 Lawrence ; 5, John Allen, b. 1827, d. 1829 ; G, Eliza, b. 1829, m. 
 Charles Hogan ; 7, Elizabeth, b. 1832, unm. ; 8, William Clark, 
 d. unm.; 9, Uriah, m. Julia M. Graves. 
 
 ii. James, b. 1797, m. 1820, Mary Brown (dau. of George); Ch.: 1, 
 Peter, b. 1820, m. Almira Brown ; 2, Elizi, b. 1822, m. Dewitt ; 3, 
 George, b. 1823, m. Eliza Jane Johnston ; 4, Charles H., b. 1825, 
 m. (Ist) Loui.sa Roach, (2nd) Jane Messenger ; 5, Hezekiah, b. 
 1827, m. Lorena Gates; 0, Th mias, b. 1829, m. (Ist) Lizzie 
 Whitney, (2nd) Mary Wyman ; 7, Charlotte b. 1831, m. Solomon 
 Chute ; 8, Susan, b. 1832, m. George W. Wilson ; 9. Sarah Lavinia, 
 b. 1833. ni. Robert Early ; 10, Mary Matilda, b. 183«i, m. George 
 W. Wilson ; 11, James, m. Barbara Easson ; 12, Samantha, d. 
 unm. 
 
 iii. Henry, b. 1799, m. Seraphina Brown: Ch.: 1, Charles Wesley, m. 
 (1st) Sarah Beardsley, (2nd) Harriet Snow ; 2, Susanna, m. David 
 Hamilton ; 3, John H., m. Naomi Ogilby ; 4, Rev. William E., 
 m. Margaret Bass (dau. of George). 
 
 iv. William, b. 1801, m. Mary Farnswo-.th : Ch. : 1, Solomon, m. Mary 
 Jane Fisher; 2, Manning, d. unm.; 3, John W. (in Australia); 
 4, Mary Eliza, m. Samuel Haines ; 5, Jacob Reis, m. Armanilla 
 Reagh ; 0, Sarah Ann, m. Elkana Bowlby ; 7, William, unm. ; 8, 
 Joshua C, d. unm.; 9, George, d. unm.; 10, George, d. unm. 
 
 V. Mary, b. 1803. m. William Cropley. 
 
 vi. Charlotte, b. 1805, m. Josejjh Hoffman, 
 vii. Ann, b. 1807, m. Peter Margeson. 
 
 Hardwick. The oldest census returns for the township of Annapolis, 
 those for 1767, state the household of Heinrich or Henry Hardwick to 
 consist of five members, of whom two were of foreign birtli. (I should 
 have taken Hardwick for a purely English name, but if the Christian 
 name was spelt Heinrich, it must have been in this instance German ; 
 
HAKDWICK — HARRIS. 521 
 
 especially if " foreign," was meant to indicate that they were born outside 
 the King's dominions, and not merely outside the Province. Harttman, 
 the maiden name of his wife, is certainly German. — Ed.) He obtained 
 lands probiibly within the limits of the banlieue, and soon became a 
 prosperous farmer. Children : 
 
 i. Henry, m. 1798, Ann Berteaux : Ch.: 1, Ann, b, 1790, m. .John 
 Lockwood ; 2, Thomas, b. 1800, d. unm. ; 3, William Henry, b. 
 1802, m. Barbara Easaon ; 4, Edward, b. 1804, m. (Ist) Jane 
 Dickie, (2iid) Hannah Marshall ; 5, James, b. 180<i, m. (Ist) 
 Rebecca Dickie, (2nd) Olivia Fellows, (Urd) Rebecca McLatchy ; 
 0, Louisa, b. 1808, m. Nathan Tupper ; 7, Alexander, b. 1810, ni. 
 Harriet Troop ; 8, Guorgo, b. 1813, m. Susan, dau. of Andrew 
 Henderson ; !>, Charlotte, b. 1815, ni. William Bent ; 10, Mary 
 Jane, b. 1820, m. George, son of Andrew Henderson. 
 
 ii. Frederic, ni. 1801, Sarah Easson : Ch.: 1, Catharine, b. 1802, d. 
 unm. ; 2, Christina, b. 1804, m. William Whitman ; 3, Bethiah, 
 b. 1807, d. unm. ; 4, William, b. 1809, m. (1st) Elizabeth Simpson, 
 (2nd) Charlotte Fairn ; 5, Henry Petre, b. 181 1, m. Maria Fleet ; 
 0, Andrew Bierdman, b. 1813, m. Caroline Whitman ; 7, Hen- 
 rietta, b. 1815, m. David Fitzrandolph ; 8, Frederic, b, 1817, 
 unm.; 9, James, b, 1819, m. Sarah Coleman, nee Brown; 
 10, Mary Ann, b. 1821, m. David Gilliatt ; 11, Alfred, b. 1821, 
 m. Mary Eliza Potter ; 12, Edmund, b. 1823, m. Mary Elizabeth 
 Hard wick, 
 iii. John, m. Mary Balcom : Ch. : 1, Mary, m. William Berteaux ; 
 2, Elizabeth, ni. Elias Bent ; 3, Henry, m. 1825, Eliza Easaon ; 
 4, Josiah, m. Henrietta Starratt ; 5, John, m. Jane Neily, tu-e 
 Burchill ; 0, Susan, m. Jacob Starratt ; 7, James, m. Susan 
 Si/Arratt. 
 iv. Lucretia, m. John Kent. 
 
 v. Slary, m. Zara Kent. 
 
 Harkls. Tliree families of Harris settled in Annapolis County dur- 
 ing the latter part of the last century. 1, John Harris, the progenitor 
 of the oldest of these families, came before 1755. According to the 
 memoir of John Harris, M.P.P., Thomas, one of his sons, was Adjutant 
 of Militia in 1776, during the threatened invasion of that and the 
 following year, and John, another son, was a Deputy Crown Land 
 Surveyor from the time of the arrival of the Loyalists. He was married 
 in, or before, 1752, and had sons : 
 
 (2) i. Thomas, b. probably 1753. 
 
 (3) ii. John, jun. 
 
 (4) iii. Henry, b. 1767. 
 
 2. Thomas Harris, born probably 1753, may have been the second 
 but probably the eldest son of John, sen. He married about 1775, Mary 
 LeCain, and had children : 
 
 i. Capt. John, b. 1775, or 1776, m. 1799, Mary Shaw : Ch. : 1, Thomas 
 (lived in Eastport) ; 2, Henry, d. (at sea) unm. ; 3, Nelson, d. (at 
 sea) unm. ; 4, Charles B., d. (in Ontario) ; 5, John McNamara, m. 
 
522 HARRIS. 
 
 Diailaiim McDitrmand ; <», Moses, m. (Ist) Rachel Rice, <'2n(l 
 Sdpliia Rico ; 7, Isaiuh, d. miiii, ; 8, Mary, in. George Ryerson ; 
 5), Susan, ^\. uiini. 
 ii. Tliomiis, h. 1777, d. (abroad) uniii. 
 
 '^. John Hahhis, Jrv., date of birth unknown, but a .loiin Hiirris, 
 according to the church rt'cords, was buried .Sept. 5, \S'2'2, aged 70. He 
 mariied (l«t) Maria Dunn, (2nd) Mary De Lancey. Children : 
 
 By first wife : 
 i. Henry, u. 17«0, d. 17!>7. 
 ii. Polly, b. 1781, lu. John Briii, 
 iii. Sarah, b. 17«t), bpd. April 7, 1787, d. 1808. 
 iv. John, b. 178li, d. 1808. 
 
 V. (ieorge, b, 1788, m. Sarah Parknr : Cli.: 1, Stephen, ni. Catharine 
 Potter ; 2, Lydia, ui. (Ist) I.srael Chute, (iJnd) Alexander Ro.ss ; 
 3, John, ni. Mary A. Balconi (dau. of Henry) ; 4, Sarah Ann, ni. 
 ^V il'.; un Miller ; 5, Elizabeth, m. Williiun Henry Balcoin ; 
 <). George H. , ni. (Ist) Lovicia Balconi, (2nd) Harriet Parker, 
 (3rd) Mary Parker ; 7, Mary, m. Caleb S. Phinney ; 8, David, ni. 
 Angelina Troop ; 9, Alden, in. Sophia Allison. 
 vi. Letititt, 1 1790, d. 1700. 
 
 By second wife : 
 vii. Charlotte, b. 1792, ni. William Davis, 
 viii. Mary Ann, b. 1794, d. 1797. 
 \\. Ann Seabury, b. 179(5, d. 1798. 
 
 X. Ji.nes DeLancey, b. 1799, d. Dec, 18;V2, in. Mary Woodbury (wlio 
 after his death in. Win. B. Perkins) : Ch. : 1, Isabel, b. 1822, in. 
 J.. Millidge Harris ; 2, Charlotte, b. 1824, in. Robert Longley ; 
 
 3, DeLancey, b. 1827, m. Mehitable Walker ; 4, ATary W.,b. 1829, 
 111. Cory Odcll ; 7, James Bonnett, in, Ann Eliza Pitman. 
 
 4. Henry Harris, b. 1757, in. 1783, Elizabeth Hall (dau. of John), 
 and probably inherited the homestead. Children : 
 
 i. Mary, b. 1784, m. Edward Morgan. 
 
 ii. Joseph Hall, b. 1785, bpd. Dec. 12, m. Elizabeth Clark : Ch. : 
 1, Richard, ni. Sarah Ann Brennan ; 2, William Henry, m. (1st) 
 Rachel Beals, (2nd) Amoret Banks ; 3, Mary, ni. Isaac Beals ; 
 
 4, Henrietta, m. William H. Dunn ; 5, Elizabeth Jane, m. (1st) 
 Elizabeth Turnbull, (2nd) David Rice ; G, Louisa, m. Edmund E. 
 Johnston ; 7, Abigail, m. Israel McFadden. 
 
 iii. James, b. 1787, m. (Ist) Maria Clarke, (2nd) Sarah Green : Ch. : 
 1, Edward, m. (1st) Maria Lumley, (2nd) Sarah — ; 2, Nancy, m. 
 Elisha Woodbury ; 3, Louisa, m. Joseph Godfrey ; 4, Harriet, 
 m. William Crouse ; 5, Sutclifte, ni. Rebecca Pitman ; G, Matilda, 
 m. George A. Purdy ; 7, Susan, m. Richard Clark ; (by 2nd wife) : 
 8, Isaac Seth, d. unm. ; 9, Albert, m. Frances M. Ryerson ; 
 10, Leah. m. William F. Rice ; 11, Robert, d. unm.; 12, Emnia,^ 
 m. Silas Parker. 
 
 iv. William Henry, b. 1788, bpd. Sept. 7, m. (Ist), 1810, Hannah 
 Hetrick, (2nd), 1829, Ann Pine : Ch.: 1, Samuel Andrew, b. 1811, 
 m. April 30, 1834, Eliza Rice ; 2, Elijah, b. 1813, m. Mary 
 Crouse ; 3, Thomas, b. 1814, m. (Ist) Keziah Troop, (2nd) 
 Angelina Oakes, ne'e Keinpton ; 4, John Millidge, b. 1824, m. 
 Isabel Harris (no issue) ; 5, Hannah, b. 1826, m. John Troop (no 
 issue); G, Wallace, b. 1828, m. Sophia Reed ; 7, Eliza Ann, m. 
 Henry Copeland. 
 
HAURIS. 52.S 
 
 V. Kiimuel, 1). 17SK), in. Dehhy Ann McAUster (in Ontario), 
 
 vi. Elizabeth, h. 17»2, Vjul. .Ian. 17, 17n:<, m. John Cnity. 
 
 vii. John Vankirk, b. 17'.M, bpd. Sept. 14, in. Jane Holmes (in 
 
 Ontario), 
 
 viii. Lucy, b. 17i*ti, ni. Robert Ludlow Harris. 
 
 ix. Amelia, b. 17'.W, d. unm. 
 
 X. Ann, b. 1801, m. Abraham Spurr. 
 
 Samuel Hakkim came to Annapolis in 17C0 or 1761. He had married 
 in 1755, Mary Cook, daughter of Caleb Cook, descendant of Francis 
 Cook of the Af(n/JIower, and was himself a great-grandson of Arthur 
 Harris, who came from Plymouth, Devorshire, England, to New England, 
 and was of Duxbury, Mass., in 1G40, and one of the original proprietors 
 of Jii idgewater, and first settlers of West IJridgewater, 1G52 Arthur's 
 son Lsaac, born about 1044, married Mercy, daughter of Robert Latham. 
 Mercy Latham's mother was Susannah, daughter of John Winslow, and 
 granddaughter of Mary Chilton, who, according to tradition, was the 
 first person to land on " Plymouth Rock." Tsa^c had a son Sixniuel, born 
 about 1669, who married, in 1710, Abigail Harden. Their son Samuel, 
 born in Bridgewater, ^lass., 1728, moved to Plympton, thence to Boston, 
 thence to Nova Scotia, with wife and three children. More than fifty 
 years afterwards his eldest son was elected a member of the Provincial 
 Parliament for the township of Annapolis. (See his memoirs.) Other 
 de.scendants have kept up tlie honours of the name. John S. Harris, 
 founder of the great iron foundry and car factory of Harris it Allan, 
 St. John, N.B. ; Michael S. Harris and his sons, prominent merchants at 
 Moncton, N.B., and one leading lawyer, one leading clergyman, and one 
 able physician in this province testify to the far-reaching importance of 
 the migration to Annapolis County of Samuel Harris. Children : 
 
 i. John, b. 1758, m. (1st) Oct. 30, 1785, Abigail, dau. of Michael 
 Spurr, (2nd) Aug. 3, 1806, Anna, dau. of William Letteney : 
 Ch. : 1, Sarah, b. Aug. 20, 1786, m. Robert Jeflerson, juii. ; 
 2, John Spurr, b. Dec. 23, 1787,* m. Jan. 27, 1814, Christina, 
 dau. of John Conrad Ueterick ; 3, Josiah, b. Dec. 24, 1789, d. 
 Sept. 22, 1808 ; 4. Harriet (or Henrietta), b. Dec. 27, 1791, m. 
 Edmund Ward Johnson, of Digby County ; 5, (ieorge, m. (1st) 
 June 25, 1819, Elizabeth Whitman, (2nd) Anna Purdy (no issue) ; 
 6, Arzarehah Morse, b. Feb. 13, 1796, ni. Anna Vaughan, Provi- 
 dence, R.I., d. in Boston ; 7, Anna, b. Feb. 25, 1798, m. (Ist) 
 Asaph Whitman, (2nd) John Whitman ; 8, Horatio Nelson, b. 
 April 20, 1800, ni. Ann Maria Robinson ; 9, Caroline (twin of 
 H. Nelson), m. Spinney Whitman ; (by 2nd wife) : 10, Evans, b. 
 1807, d. 1807 ; 11, Sidney Smith, b. Dec. 8, 1808, m. about 1834, 
 Sarah Allen ; 12, Arthur William, b. Jan. 7, iSlO, m. Oct. 22, 
 1833, Caroline, dau. of Phineas Oakes, J.P. ; 13, Alexander, b. 
 March 24, 1813, m. Helen Augusta Berteaux ; 14, Hannah Eliza, 
 b. Feb. 16, 1815, m. Dec. 16, 1834, Phineas Lovett Oakes ; 15, 
 Philip Richardson, b. Jan. 16, 1818, m. Oct. 14, 1841, Charlotte 
 A., dau. of Jasper Williams. 
 
 * The burial of a John Harris appears on the church record, February 3rd, 1839, 
 aged 52. 
 
524) HARRIS. 
 
 ii. Lydia, b. 1759, m. 17»2, Robert Liiidley. 
 
 iii. Sylviii, b. 17(>0, lu. John Wright, from Hitlifax (had son, Stanloy, 
 whose iloscendauts are in Digby County). 
 
 iv. Sarah, b. 1701, m. Samuel Hill (MachiaH, Me.). 
 
 V. Sanniol, b. April 21, 17H3, d. Nov. 11, 1834. m. Jan. 4, 1708, Eliza- 
 beth Evans Jetterson (dau. of Robert) : C'li.: 1, Elizabeth J., b. 
 Dec. 12, 17"J8,d. April 25, 1855, unm. ; 2, Henry J., b. Sept. 11, 
 1800, d. July 27, 18:«t, aged ;«» ; 3, Stephen, b. 1802, d. 1803; 4, 
 Sarah J., b. Aug. «!, 1804, d. June 22, 184G ; 5, Mary A., b. July 
 14, 180(i, d. Nov. 25, 188!» ; (i, Josiah, b. Sept. 10, 1808, d. July 
 27, 1822 ; 7, Henrietta, b. March 2(!, 1811, d. 180(i ; 8, Robert 
 Jefferson, b. May 18, 1813, m. Rebecca, dau. of Col. Isaac Dit- 
 mars, and grand-niece of (Joveruor Peter D. Vroom, of New 
 Jersey ; 9, Samuel, b, April IG, 1815, d. May 20, 1877 ; 10, John, 
 b. Feb. 3, 1818, m. Aug. 9, 18G0, Sarah, dau. of Richard W. Jones, 
 of Wiyniouth ; 11, William, b. April 21, 1820, m. Phebe Ann 
 Witherspoon ; held prominent pusitions in County of Elgin, 
 Ontario, and he and Ins wife were honoured by a monument 
 erected by the citizens of loiia and vicinity in that county. 
 
 vi. Benjamin, b. 1704, m. Rachel Balcom (dau. of Silas): Ch. : 1, Thomas, 
 bpd. Sept. 23, 1780, m. Leaphy, dau. of John Roop ; 2, Sylvia, 
 ni. Nov. 3, 1825, James M. Potter ; 3, Frederic, b. about 1797, 
 d. about 1828, unm. ; 4, Christopher Prince, b. about 1800, 
 d. unm. ; 5, James Stanley, b. Oct. 25. 1803, m. Nov. 8, 1830, 
 Louisa Ann, dau. of Benjamin Wilson, of Dorchester, N.B. ; 
 0, Mary Emnirt, m. — Elliott. 
 
 vii. Christopher Prince, b. Aug. 8, 1707, m. July 25, 1791, Elizabeth, 
 dau. of Abraham Spurr, and lived on the Digby side of Bear 
 River : Ch. : 1, Robert Laidley, b. June 9, 1792, m. April 25, 
 1810, Lucy Hall, dau. of Henry Harris ; 2, Mary Amelia, b. 
 .June 25, 1794, m. Feb. 19, 1824, Andrew, son of John Hennigar ; 
 3, Jane Elizabeth, b. Dec. 23, 1790, m. Jan. 24. 1819, Joel, son of 
 Thomas McDormand ; 4, Ann, b. Sept. 20, 1799, m. Nov. 25, 
 1825, Thomas P. Williams, jun ; 5, Eliza, b. Feb. 9, 1802, d. Oct. 
 19, 1808; 0, Michael Spurr, b. Sept. 22, 1804 (mayor of Monet.. n, 
 etc.), m. in Annapolis, May 11, 1820, Sarah Ann, dau. of John 
 Troop, Esq. ; 7, Oeorge Davis, b. May 20, 1808, m. July 27, 1832, 
 Sophia H. M., dau. of Fred. Rupert, St. John, N.B. ; 8, Edmund 
 Reece, b. Jan. 23, 1811, m. Dec. 2.3, 1840, Susan, dau. of Rev. 
 Henry Saunders ; 9, Eliza Maria, b. Sept. 7. 1814, m. William 
 Short, from Plymouth, England ; 10, Benjamin James, b. March 
 2, 1817, m. Sept. 11, 1854, Susan Amanda, dau. of James Potter, 
 viii. .Joseph, twin of Christopher P., d. unm. 
 
 ix. Josiah, b. Aug., 1770, d. unm. 
 
 A third family of Harrises sprang from John Harris, a native of 
 Dublin, who was born about the middle of the last century, entered the 
 array, attained the rank of sergeant, fought in the l)attle of Bunker Hill, 
 and after twenty years' service, got his discharge in Annapolis, where his 
 company was then stationed, and soon after married Elizabeth Graves, 
 of Granville. Children : 
 
 i. Esther, pi. John Burkitt. 
 
 ii. Charlotte, m. (1st) Richard Hawkins (killed at the capture of 
 
 Castine), (2nd) James Moore. 
 iii. Rachel, m. James Ray. 
 iv. Susan, m. Edmund Morton. 
 
HARRIS — HAWKESWORTH— HEALY. 62.' 
 
 V. .luhn, sottled and married in Maine. 
 
 vi. Davi'l, b. 18(M)t ni. Eliza Brown : Cli. : 1, John, in. Leah Bowlby ; 
 2, (Jeorgo, in. Mary Jane Spinney ; M, Williuin, ni. fJortrutle 
 (Jraves ; 4, Fletcher, d. unni. ; 5, Alon/.n, m. Mary Woodbury ; 
 (J, Rachel, in. Christopher McLean ; 7, Lavinia, in. (Jst) D'Arcy 
 Phinney, (2nd) Napoleon Morris; 8, Asa, d. unni. ; 9, Mary Jane, 
 d. unin ; 10, Emma, d. unni. ; 11, David, d. unni. 
 vii. Thomas, b. 1802, m. Mary Howlby, b. 1808 : Ch. : 1. Charlotte, 
 d. unm ; 2, Kiiiina, d. unin. ; 3, Jame.s (abroad); 4, John, d. unin. ; 
 r>, Su.san, in. James Phinney ; <>. Richard, in. Mary Prime ; 
 7. Harriet, in. Ambrose Miller ; 8, Williani, in. Cecilia Croploy. 
 viii. Eliza, in. Joseph Dodge. 
 
 Hawkesworth. Adam Hawkkswortii, born a^ont 1740 in Yorkshire, 
 came to Nova Scotia in 176.'5, with liis wife, Elizabeth Wedge wood, and 
 lived in Annapolis and Diju;by counties. He died about 1805. Children ; 
 
 i. Hannah, b. 17'>4, m. James Smith, 
 ii. Elizabeth, b. 17<)5, m. Richard Bowlby. 
 
 iii. .John, b. 17(>8, m. Sarah Slocomb : Ch. : 1, Adam Hueston, b. 17{'5, 
 in. Mary Slocomb, 3 ch. ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 17y'.>, ni. Robert 
 Douglas ; 3, John Slocomb, b. 1803, in. Ruby Clark ; 4, George, 
 h. 180fi, m. Hannah Young ; 6, Joshua, b. 1808, m. (1st) Mary 
 McCormick (dau. of Daniel), 9 ch., (2nd) Rachel McCorinick (dau. 
 of John), 
 iv. George, b. 1773, m. Catherine Zeiglar, 
 V. Sarah, b. 1775, m. Daniel Durland. 
 vi. Mary, b. 1777, m. Cephas Welton. 
 vii. Ann, b. 1782, in. — McBride. 
 viii. Ruby, b. 1785, m. John Slocomb. 
 
 Hkaly. This family comes from a very ancient and eminent Devon- 
 shire stock. The name has in some generations been spelt Hele. It is 
 entirely distinct from the Irish family of tlio same name, although they 
 both may have been descended fi'om a Norman ancestor, one of whose 
 sons may have settled in Ireland. But it is stated on the authority 
 of so great a genealogist and herald as Burke, that the family possessed 
 the manor of Heale or Hele in the Parish of Brudich, North Devon, 
 long before the Conquest, hence the name, de la Hele. Burke assigns to 
 a family of Healy a coat of arms very nearly the same as that of Hele. 
 William Heley, b. 1613, was of Marshfiold, Mass., in 1613, and of 
 Roxbury in 1649. He was married five times : (1st) 1643, Grace Ives, 
 of Watertown ; (2nd) 1650, Mary Roger? (daughter of Rev. Nathaniel), 
 who left a son William, b. 1652; (3rd) 1653, Grace Buttrice, who left 
 a son Nathaniel, b. 1659; (4th) 1661, Phebe Green, who left sons, 
 Samuel, b. 1662, and Paul, b. 1664; (5th) 1667, Sarah Brown, of 
 Hampton, N.H. Ebenezer Healy,* from Marblehead, Mass., who 
 was among the first grantees of Yarmouth, in 1762, was a descendant, 
 
 * His daughter Hannah inarrietl Wm. Haskeli, and was the mother of the Editor's 
 mother's motlier. Allen Haley, Esq., M.P. , of Windsor, is from his son Comfort, 
 through Jeremiah, and Allen, sen. 
 
.')2fi HEAF.Y — HICKS. 
 
 hut through wliicli of these sons I do not know.* He married (Sruce 
 Holcynt for his second wife, and his fourth son, .John IIkaly, removed 
 early to (Ininville. He married (l.st) 17!)"), Mary Morrinoa, i). Sept. 
 IT), 177.'l, d. 179r) ; (2nd) Mary, tlau. of Henjamin Itrown 1st, an ori;rinal 
 jjrantee of Yarmouth, who d. 17'.)7 : she was horn 177.'{ and died 1803 ; 
 (3rd) Sarah Andi i-son ; and hurl children : 
 
 i. .losiah, b. 17i>"), m. .lane Konm-ily : Gli. : 1, Daniel, d. unni. ; 2, .John, 
 III. Angelina Shafnur ; 3, Margarof ni. Ruhert Dulap. 
 Hy second wife : 
 
 ii. Eli/.abtith, b. 17'<)H, in. .lames Morrison. 
 
 iii. .lohn, b. 17'-l!l, d. uiiin. 
 
 iv. Mary Ann, b. 1801, in (1st) Honjamin Croscui), (2nd) Thoiiiaa 
 Anthony, (Urd) .Janioa Antluiiiy. 
 
 V. Grace Matilda, h. 180.'}, d. unin. 
 liy third wife : 
 
 vi. Ebenozor, b. 1805, d. unm. 
 vii. Mary, b. 180(>, m. William Fash. 
 
 viii. Isaac William, b. 1808, m. (1st) Amelia Keans, (2nd) Elizabeth 
 Crisp : Ch. ; 1, John Henry, b. 1830, iii. Sarah Jane Wiiitiiian ; 
 2, Joseph Ccmfort, b. 1837, m. — Armst'^ong ; 3, William C, 
 b. 1830, III. HenritJita VVhitinan ; 4, Anderson, in (1st) Litvinia 
 Anderson, (2iid) Isabella Elliott ; 5, Tlieron P., b. 1844, m. Anna 
 Jefferson ; 0, Eleanor Erena, b. 184(), m. Edward McDonnand ; 
 7, Charles, b. 1840, d. 18.V2; 8, Granville H., b. 1851, in. Elizibeth 
 Smith. 
 
 ix. Anderson, b. 1810, m. Mary Dellimer, several eh. 
 
 X. .foseph Ooiiitort, b. 1812, m. Eunice Bishop. 
 
 xi. Eliza Ann, m. William Roop. 
 xii. Charles William, m. Louisa Turi)lo. 
 
 Hicks. John Hicks was a descendant in the fifth gi 'ration from 
 Robert Hicks, who came to Plymouth colony from Bermondsey, South- 
 wark, London, in 1621, in the Fortune, which brought the second party 
 of Pilgrim Fathers, the line of de.scent being Samuel,'^ Thomas,^ Thomas.* 
 He is said to have been son of James, born about 1550, grandson of 
 Baptist, born about 1526, great-grandson of Thomas, born about 1470, 
 and great-great-grandson of John Hicks, who was descended from Ellis 
 Hicks, knighted by Edward the Bhick Prince after the battle of 
 Poictiers.} He married in Friends' Meeting, at Tiverton, R.I., in 1740, 
 Elizabeth Russell. He was in religion a Quaker, the first of that per- 
 suasion to settle in the county. (See further memoirs of John Hicks, 
 M.P.P., p. 334.) One of the family was fjundor of the sect of Quakers 
 called Hicksites. Three of his sons, John, Benjamin and Thomas, settled 
 in the township of Annapolis. His son Weston, born at Falmouth, in 
 1760, owned- the farm now occupied by his grandson, Weston A. Fowler, 
 
 * See " N. E. Historic-Genealogical Register " for 1892, p. 207. 
 t So Mr. Calnek says ; but I find a tradition that she was 2nd wife of Josiah 
 Hea'ey, the son or a brothf >• of the grantee of Yarmouth. — ^[Ed.] 
 :!: Chute Genealogies, 
 
HICKS — HOW. 527 
 
 and was miiny yoiirs in tlu! Commission of tlie Peaco. TIigso ni«n wore 
 leckotKMl among our wealthiest and must successful fai'mcrs in tlie latter 
 part of the last century : Children : 
 
 i. Hnmmh. 
 ii. Kphraiin, li. 1744. 
 iii. Sotii, li. 174t>. 
 iv. Itussoil, h. 1747. 
 V. I'atifnee, h. 17t>2. 
 vi. Ik'nJHiiiin. 1>. 17r>0, in. Eli/jilioth Morrison : Cli, : 1, Josupli, b. April 
 
 18, 177;*; 2, Arihibiilil, h. .luiio 1(1, 1774, ni. Helm KtnBon ; 
 
 ^^, RuHSfll. 1). March 4, 177<i ; 4, Fimlliiy, h. Nov. 10, 1777, ni. 
 
 Tlierc-a Cinirch ; 5, lUnjiiniin, h. July 18, 1770 ; <>, Mary, b. May 
 
 'JO, 1781, ni. Parker Oakos ; 7, i^fth, b. April 1, 17WJ, d. March 
 
 I, 1H(K) ; 8, lliith, b. Dec. 24, 1784, d. March 11, 1812; !», Hannah, 
 b. April 10, 178(), ni. John .Sandors ; 1(», I'rudtncu, b. Feb. 1», 
 178!». d. Sept. 5, 17!I0; 11, John, b. Sept. <i, 17!tO. 
 
 vii. John, b. Nov. 4, 1705. d. 1815, ni Surah Church, b. 17(i7, d. 181<.»: 
 Ch. : 1, Hannah, b 1778, n>. David Morse; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1780, 
 d. unui. ; .'<, Constant, b. 1783, ui. Eli/a Johnston ; 4, Martha, b. 
 1784, ni. David Jess; 5, Itobocea, b. 1787, d. 171K) ; (i, ,U>\m, b. 
 178!>, ni. (Ist) 1820, Phebe Clnirch, (2nd) Theresa Morse (dau. of 
 (Jbadiah); 7, Sarah. 1). 1701, d. 1813; 8, Mary, b. 17!»4, in. John 
 Lockhart; 0, Lucinda, b. 1700, in. John Church ; 10, Margaret, 
 b. 1707, ni. Abner Morse (son of Obadiah). 
 
 viii. Thomas, b. 1758 or 1750, d. 182(i, aged (57, m. 1778, Sarah Chute : 
 Ch. ; 1, Patience, b. 1778, ni. James Chesley ; 2, Sarah, b. Feb. 
 
 II, 1780, in, John Rice ; 3, Mary, b. Feb. 23, 1783, m. Nicholas, 
 Haines ; 4, Ruby, b. Jan. 20, 1786, m. Asa Foster ; 5, .lob, b. Fob. 
 3, 178(), in. 1800, Bridget Burrows ; 0, Susan, b. 1788, m. John 
 Rice; 7, Charles, b. April 7, 1790, in. Mary Kirk ; 8, Aino)ia, 
 b. Juno 0, 1703, m. David Welch ; 0, Gilbert, b. Feb. 1, 1705, 
 d. 1834, unm. ; 10, Harriet, b. 1707, m. John Murdo< h ; U, 
 Joseph, b. June 10, 1700, in. Lavinia L.'^ngley ; 1'?. Horatio Nelson, 
 b. July 20, 1801, 111. Elizabeth Mongard. 
 
 ix. John Weston, h. 1700. 
 , X. Hannah, b. 1703, d. unm. 
 xi. Ruth, b. 1705, d. unm. 
 
 Edward How— Hia Family and Times. Two How or Howe families 
 hiave lived and prospered in Nova Scotia. Of the elder of these — elder 
 in the time of its domiciliation here — I desire now to give some account. 
 Of the latter, everybody knows that it was of Loyalist antecedents, and 
 that its most distinguished member became, in his last days, lieutenant- 
 governor of his native province, after a brilliant political career, during 
 which he conferred upon it many a boon and benefit not soon to be 
 forgotten by a grateful and appreciative people. 
 
 "John How, or Howe, of Hodinhule, or Hodinhull, in Warwickshire, 
 was one of the early settlers of Massachusetts, and his son John was one 
 of the original proprietors and settlers of the town of Sudbury, in that 
 province. He took the freeman's oath in May, 1640, and was select-man 
 and marshal in 1642. He was one of the thirteen inhabitants of said 
 ■town who petitioned for a tract of eight miles square for the town of 
 
52H HOW. 
 
 IMarllKiro' ; niul, acoonliiij^ to tnwlition, the first English p-i-s*)!! who ciune 
 to reside in that town. He lived near tiie Indian planMition tields, con- 
 ciliating Ity liis prudence and kindn<>ss liisHavag(> neighbours and enjoying 
 their liighest respect and confidence, being iniule their um|>ir{« in all their 
 differences. In 10(51 he was appointed to keep a house of entertainment, 
 and kept the same when there were but two houses betwtien his tavern 
 and Worcester. His descendants occupied the same place for many 
 generaticms. He died alnrnt lOMC) (his will was proved in 1681)), and ho 
 Iiiid by his wife Mary, wiiodied aUmt IfiOH, twelve children liorn between 
 1041 and 166.1, ten sons and two daughters, of whom the second son, 
 Samuel, liorn Oct. '20, 164'J, married Martha Bent in 166."{, and had in 
 Sudbury, before 167r), seven children, of whom the seventh, David, born 
 Nov. 2, 1674, married Hepzibah Death* in 1700, and kept the 'How 
 Tavern,'! at Sudbury, which has been continued by his de.scendants of the 
 same name, upon the same spot, to the pre.sent time (1850), the same 
 being now kept by Lyman How, Esij. He had si.x children between 1702 
 and 1721, of whom David, the fifth child, married Abigail Hubbard, 
 March 15, 1742 or 1743, and had ten children: Bulkeley, Persis, Peter, 
 Abigail, Joseph, Israel, Alice, David, Reliecca and Lucy." 
 
 The subject of my memoir was prrbablyan elder brother of David 
 How who married Hepzibah Death, utid therefore Inslongs to the eldest 
 branch of the family. 
 
 " The descendants of John How, living in Marlboro' and iu other 
 towns in the vicinity, are very numerous. They sustain, generally as is 
 believed, a reputation which reflects no dishonour upon their ancestry, 
 many of whom were distinguished as leading men in the new .settlements, 
 and all, as far as is known, as fearless and undaunted in times of peril 
 and alarm. Of the early raeml)ers of the family, John, the son of John 
 the first named, was killed in an engagement with the Indians in 1675. 
 Thomas, another son, was a colonel, sheriff, justice of the peace, and one 
 of the letiding men of the town of Marlboro' for many years. 
 
 " The coat of arms of John How, the original received from England 
 by him, being now in the possession of Lyman How, at the ' How Tavern,' 
 Sudbury, bears the following inscription : ' Creation. The most Noble 
 and Puissant Ld. Charles How, Erl. of Lancaster and Baron How of 
 Wormleighton, 1st Commissary of the Treasury, 1st Gentleman of ye 
 Bedchamber to his Majesty, Knight of the Garter, and one of ye, Govr. 
 of the Charter House. Created Baron of Wormleighton in the Co. of 
 Warwick, Nov. 18, 1606, in the 4th of James ye Ist, and Erl. of Lan- 
 caster, June 8, 1643, in ye 19th, Charles ye Ist, of this family, which 
 derived themselves from a younger branch of ye antient Baron Hows, 
 
 • A corruption of the Norman name D'Aeth. — [Ed ] 
 
 +The scene of Longfellow's " Tales of a Wayside Inn." —[Ed.] 
 
now. 520 
 
 inoi) fainouH iniiny a;;'<>H siiicn in l''ri^'liui(l, 11111011^ wliich wimo i[iiu;li Mow, 
 tli(* fiillu'i' ami son, ^Ttiit favourites of Kin;; Kilwanl y<> 2m(I JoIiii Kov, 
 KH(|nirt', son to Jiilin Mow, of llodinlinl*', in tlir (,'0. of VV'aiwick, Ac' 
 Ariii'< he Ijt'iiiitli, -ir(//»'s a fiicvioii Ari/i'nt, In'tsvrcii tlii-cc rross-crosslt'tM 
 Or, tlirt't' wolf's licad • on ye saiii*' cifst on a wreath, a wyverii or l)raj,'on 
 pnrlid jx-r pale, Or and ]'n/, perccd tliroiij(li ye nioutli witli an arrow, 
 •hy tlic iianu' of How,' ye Wolfs art- y<' famous aims, ye crossli-ts foi' 
 j,'r»'at actions done l)y y<' Kil. Ac '* 
 
 So much for' the (•niioi)liMl ancestors of lh(* How families of Nova 
 Hcotia.t Kdwaid How, whose life was mainly passed in this county and 
 province, was horn in MassaiOiusetts toward the close of tht; sesenteentii 
 century. On liis arrival at Annapolis he was younj; ami unmarried. The 
 possession of Acadia hy tlit^ Kni:{lish meant to the peoph^ of th(> old 
 cohtnies a participation in its valuahht and jirotitahh; peltry trade, and 
 in its almost ine.xhaustihie fisheries, and some of them, in c(inse<|uence, 
 eagerly emhraceil the opportunity of setllinj; in it. Youn^ How appears 
 to have been one of these, and he seenis to have Hxed liis headipiarters at 
 the old capital. The precise time of his cominj^ is nowhere stated, but 
 it was prohal)ly between IT'JO and I7"i5. Here his l)usin«'ss transactions 
 with the Vvt'imh hnhituiis and Indians niad(Mi study of their respective 
 languages necessary, and Ik; successfully apj)lied himself to acipiiring a 
 knowledge of them. During this period he had cuitivatetl the acquaint- 
 ance and friendship of tlie meml)ers of the (ioverinnent, as well as of 
 the inhaliitan*^s of the town, and about IT.'W — perhaps a little earlier or 
 a little later — he inarrietl iMary Magdalen Winniett, the third or fourth 
 daughter of William Winniett, then and afterwards the leading vessel- 
 owner and merchant in all Acadia. From this time he began to be 
 regarded as a leading man in the community, aiul to be employed by 
 the Government (whom he appears to have kept posted on the schemes 
 and conduct of the French and Indians), whenever emergency required 
 Ilia aid. Xo man in the country had accjuired so great an influence over 
 the Indians, and the French inhabitants regarded him with much esteem 
 and confidence. This luscendancy was twofold, being based on his know- 
 ledge of their languages, and the integrity he uniformly exhibited in all 
 his dealings with them. The estimation in which he was held by the 
 Government procured him a seat at the Council IJoard in 17^56, a position 
 which he retained until his death in 1750, a period of fourteen years. 
 Previously, however, to his appointment to a seat in the Council he had 
 
 * The foregoing paragraphs liave heen cuiiipiletl and extracted from a work 
 entitled " Monioriul of the Morses," by the late Rev. Abner Morse, of Massa- 
 chuHetts. 
 
 + Hon. Josepli Howe was rlescended from Abraham,' of Roxbury, Mass , supposed 
 to have been a native of Hatfield, Broad Oak, Essex, Englanil, through Isaac,'' 
 Isaac," Joseph,* John,* the Loyalist.— [Ed.] 
 34 
 
6M0 IH)W. 
 
 Iiiu'ti a rcMiiloiil of Ciiiiho for Hornn tiiii(>, wlinn) hn MM witli <M»mplHtn ttatin- 
 fitetion tu i\w (ir>v«rtiiiiHiit tlin otlii^HH of CoininiNxnry of Muil^rH, High 
 Nliiirin' or Provimt MiirNlxill, Justice of tlio Pence and Captain in tlin 
 militia. Ah a niiiKiNtnite at tliiN purioil lio touk occuNion to prumtrvo ttin 
 autliorityof tlit; civil over the military power. Aldridge, a captiiin in i\w 
 40th re^'imnnt, wa.s as commandant at CaUHo, charged hy Mow and othnrn 
 M'ith having deprived thuni of Horno «)f thuir civil righU*, and appealed 
 to liiuutenant-iiovernor Armstrong; at Annapolis to interfere on their 
 l)ehalf ; and to the honour of Arm.strong l>n it said he t<M)k innUmt sttepn 
 t(» Ntop the outrage. Me wrote to Aldridgn that he had asnuniod |)owerH 
 jot vested in Pliillips or himself, and told him that he hud alwnyn 
 referred civil mattem to the justices of the peace and a conunitttM) uf the 
 peo- '> at Canso. lie .said in addition that thu otiicorti in command were 
 entitled to sit us president in all the mcuttings on civil uHairs. 
 
 The reader is referred to pages 111 to 1 1 ■'< for an account of the 
 hattio of Oruntl Pre on the night of IVhruary 1 1th, 1747 ; of Mr. How's 
 jiosition there ns commissary of provisions, of his being wounded in the 
 titruggle, captured and exchanged. He was at that time also acting as 
 the judge in the Court of Vice- Admiralty, and was thenceforth frequently 
 en>raged in the conduct of matters of importance on hehulf uf the rulers 
 of the Province, and having a knowledge of iMtth the French and Micmao 
 tongues, he was enabled to conduct negotiations with the people of 
 those nations with better discretion, and a greater certainty of success 
 than one not so accomplished. 
 
 On the arrival of Cornwullis as governor in 1749, he was summoned 
 from Annapolis by that gentleman, and sworn as a member of the new 
 council which was then formed. Among the last acts of his useful and 
 active life was the negotiation of u new treaty with the Indian tribes 
 distributed along the northern shore of the liay of Fundy, or perhaps 
 more correctly to induce them to renew the treaty which they had ratified 
 in 1746. He succeeded in this mission, and at a council held on board 
 the Bnaufort, in Halifax harbor (no house had yet been built where the 
 city now stands), on the 14th of August, 1749, in reply to the first ques 
 tion put to the Bachems by the governor as to their object in coming to 
 see him, they replied*: "Captain How told us that your Excellency 
 ordered us to come, and we came in obedience to your orders." 
 
 The chiefs agreed to renew the treaty, and were told that after their 
 return Mr. How would be sent to them us the bearer of presents, in case 
 their tribes consented to ratify what they had agreed upon. In due time 
 he received the formal ratification by the Indians, and distributed the 
 gifts OS promised. An interesting incident occurred in connection with 
 his visit to the Indians of St. John River about this time. Cornwallis, 
 
 * See Nova Scotia Archives -printed volume— p. 672. 
 
MOW. s:n 
 
 in liiH ii*>.i|>iitoh tu tliH l>uk«) of ItiMifonI, (iatml '2Utli Au^ufit, 1749, Myi : 
 " Your (iriicn will iluHirn to know wliiit liii|)|Mu><>ti nt St. John Hiver. 
 ''I'ht'y ((/itptnin Kouh, (Mtinniiindor of tlin vhip AU>nny, and Mr. How) 
 found noli4Mly at the old fortH, and for Home time Haw no inhabitants at 
 all, French or Indian. At hut a Kr*>nch nchoont^r arriv«>«l with provinionH. 
 Captain IIouh took thA Hcho(<n<<r, and agr<*<Ml to roloaHo \wr, provided the 
 niaNt«>r would go up thu river and hrin^' down the French oflicem. 
 Aceordinf^ly the nitiHter went up in \\\n caiuie, an<l next day u Frnnoh 
 otBcer, with thirty niun and ITtO St. ilohn Indiann (Frenoli colourH flying) 
 oaine oppoHite to the Alhauy, and plantitd their oolourn on tho ahore 
 wittiin inuHket shot. Captain Houn Nent Mr. How to order them to 
 Ntriku their colourN. 'I'ht; utViuerN made great ditlicultit>H, and many 
 apologized. Captain How answered he did not come to reaiiun the 
 matter, hut to order it to lie done ; that he could not answer for the 
 oons«!(juonceH if it was not done immediately. The otiicer Iw^ggod him to 
 pro|K)Ho to Captain ilous to allow him to march hack with tlie coiourH 
 Hying, and he would return next day without them. How carried the 
 message to Captain R. jn, who repeated the order that the coiuurn should 
 he struck that minute, which was accordingly done.' " 
 
 The years 1747, 174H and 1749 witnessed m(«t determine<l efforts on 
 the part of the French to secure their alliance with the Indians, and to 
 inspire the hnhitanx of Acadia with the IM-Iiof that Franco would soon 
 drive tho Knglidi from the peninsula. Thoy idready claime<l all parts of 
 the country outside that district, and had erecte<l fortiKcations at Chig- 
 necto, and on tho Kivor Misse^fuash. In oi-der t«» carry out their purpo.se 
 in exciting the hostilities of the Indians, the (lovornor of Canada sent 
 Ltuis .Foseph do la lioutre, a priest whose long residence in the country 
 had made him familiar with the names, habits and languages uf those 
 people, to clinch them to their interests, and to use them as instruments 
 to iinoy and distress the F!* i^lish garrisons and settlers, especially to 
 Halifax, in 1749. To oppose this shrewd and wily agent, Governor 
 Cornwallis looked to Edward How for assistance. How possessed all the 
 goixl (|ualities of d>^ la Loutre without his bad ones, and was the only 
 man in the Province who possessed a tithe of the influence over the 
 alwrigines necessary to compete with the Frenchman, and he was there- 
 fore almost continually eu.ployed in distributing presents, and conducting 
 negotiations tending to cneckmate the doings of his antagonist during 
 the years named, and it was while discharging these duties that he met 
 with his sudden and untimely death. 
 
 A French officer,* connected with Ijouisburg, has left on recohl a 
 
 * Pichon, who could hardly be called % Frencli oificur, foT although ostensibly 
 sunh, he conducted a traitorous correapundenue with the English. He was a native 
 of Marsoilles, hut his mother was an English woman named Tyrrell. — [Ed.] 
 
').'12 IK>W. 
 
 pruUtHt. iipiiiiHl. th<! lOiai';^)^ ihiii liis iMiurit.ryiiMMi in tli*i Mi<i'vir<' iit Rcaii 
 St'joiir, had any hand in tiiis (mik;! niuiiicr'. lie says: "What is not a 
 wi'cckfd piicst capal)!!- of doin^ ! Iit'(l><t hi Loiitrt!) (Hotlitul an Itidiin 
 named (Jopn * in an oIIIcmm'h n-jninH'iitaJH, and layinj,' an anii)usra(h' of" 
 Indians niNir to the fort, li<^ Hcnt (7opr to it, vvavin^^ a whitr handkn- 
 rhiff ill his hand, whii'h was thi^ usual si<{n for adiiiittaiKM^ of th<- l<'i'<'nch 
 into th<^ l<}nglish fort, liaviii<{ allairs with I ht; (-oinniaiidcr of th<' fort, 
 Tli« Majof of tho fort, a worthy niiiii, and greatly hclovt^d hy all thii 
 Kn^iich orti(!crH, taking (Jopi! for a i'^n-iich r)lli(;cr, canity out with his usual 
 polil<^n<-!'S to r(HM;ivo hiiii.t Itiit ho no soon)!!' apiicarrd than the Indians 
 in ainhiisli i'wt'ii at liiiii and killitd liiiii. All tho Kii-nch had tlir <{i'fatcst 
 horror and indignation at liH licaitro's harliarous actions, and I dare say 
 if th(! Ooiirt of l''niiioo liad known thoiii, they would liavt- liccn \<iy 
 far from approving; thoni, hut. Iit^ had so in^ratiaicd hiiusi'if with tho 
 Marijuis d(! la (■allissonnicro, that it liiH:iinio a i^rinio t.o write a^'ainst. 
 him." 
 
 The following is IIk; account, of this trageily as given hy <!overnor 
 C/ornwailis, in a d(\spat(^h to t.li)^ Duke of ISedford, dated Nov. 'J7tli, 
 I THO: " I have; now an afl'air of a more ext.raordinary nature to inform 
 you of. ('aptain Mow was em|)loyed upon tlu; expedition to Chit giieeto 
 UH knowing the (Miunlry well, and heiiig iH^ttcir a(;(|Uainled both with tin; 
 Indians and iiihahitants, and, por)r man, faneied he knew the l<'reiich 
 hetti'r, and |i(!rsonally thost; villains Ijh Ooi'ik; and La Ijout.re. His 
 whole aim and study was to try at a peace, with the Indians, an<l to get, 
 our [iriHoners -tut of their hands. l''or which purposes Ik; ha<l fretjuent 
 eonfi-rences witii lia lioulre and iUv. Krench otlieers iiiuh^r a (lag of triic<». 
 Captain How and the oHie(>rs held a ]iarley for some time 
 ucroHH tho river. How had no sooner taktMi htiivcMtf tlui olli(!((?', than a 
 party that lay perdiio fired a volley at him and shot him through tho 
 lieart,." 
 
 William (Jottc^rcill, then acting as Froviiieial Secretary, in a letter 
 und(!i' date, June .'t, I7>')4, atidresscd to Captain Otho Hamilton, of 
 Annapolis, to whom I^a lioutro had written (ixpressing a desire on his 
 part, to put a stop to the hostility of the Indians, which liiul iM^sultttd too 
 fr(M|uently in acts not r((oogiii/.(!d in the codi-.-i of oivili/ed waifare, 
 Hays : " Having ,so often expt^rit^nced his (La Loutre) proneness to all 
 iiianiior of misRliiof and ini<|uity, I do not helif^ve in his good intentions : 
 and I can for my own [lart assure you, that h«! made the very same pro 
 posal, nearly v(^rl>atim, that you liavt; now transniittttd, to Captain How 
 an<f mo at CI ^jjnecto ahout threis days before ho caused that horrible 
 
 * " Whom t saw hoiiiu yuarx afterwiirilH at Miruniichi— lins hair ciirlud, powilcred 
 ami ill a hug." 
 
 + How is lioro Htylod " Major," iiiiil ('(»rnwiilliH ofU'.u cuHh liini " (/'aplaiii," why 
 I cannot tttll, as ! ion not award of IiIh liiiviiig any military rank. 
 
now. .'i.'{.'{ 
 
 liciirliciy l.<» Imi pi'ifMitiiiicfl n.i{aii>«l. poor Mow, wlio wiih drawn inl.o it, 
 iiiidf!!' II priil.ciH!!' of coiiffir'onco with liii liOiilro upon tliis vory Huhjuct."* 
 
 TIk' Had (1 vent. oo(uirr«d in Octolmr of Um year I7!((). IliH iintini«ily 
 dfiitJi left a l)laiik in Ui<^ .soridt.y of tlit^ old capital not. oasily fillod. 
 His widrtvv V aH Icfi. wit.ii a lar^^tf family of (tliildnsn, tlio younj^tiHt of 
 wliich was Wilt, a frw in!)nt.liH old, and who in aftrr yiNirs filh^d a pro 
 niiricnt phuM! in the country. Tho itlditst, daii;{ht.<>r, lK:lN)raii, iMtiwinio lh« 
 ".vil'i- of Hannml ('ol.tnani, who wi.H a fa|ilain 'n t.h«! lOl.h n'^^init^nt so 
 Ion;.,' stationed at A.inapoliH, in whi.-ii pla(M! they were niarriful. Thfsro 
 was pr<ii)a)>ly another ilau^httM', w!io married VVinkworth Ton^t^ and was 
 liie motlHsr of W'iMiam Oottnam Tonj^*! (well known toward tlio cIoho of 
 tjie last contury, and during the first d(H;iui(!S of the pr<^s(!nt, as one of 
 tit" (lever men of the day), and tiie >^randniotlnM' of the elevctr younj; 
 poetess, (Jrisehla Ton^^e, whose (jarly death ahine prcjvented \u:v fntni fitly 
 ear\in^ her name on the shield of l''am(^ 
 
 Of till! sfins, I think VVillia' i was the (sldnst, ;'•'<! It is inoro than 
 proliahle that lie and his hrotliers were s<!iit hy t!,> ir lather for (MJueat.ion 
 to I'.oston. 'i'his son s<fttled in what, is now known as tiie Oounty of 
 ('iiiiih(!rland, where he married the widow of .losenh Morse, the founhr 
 of ,\mherst,. Her maid<;n naiiK! was Olive Mason, of Medtietld, iN'ii-iKa- 
 ehnsetts, and after the (;onlis<;ation of li(!r youn>4 husband's propnly 'or 
 t iTuson, she w(-nt t,o her native town, where she lived iint.il her di r.i ; in 
 IH()7, at the aK«) of eighty-three yciars. Her husband having failed m M.-i 
 wild attempt t,o bring this provine*! into line with tlu! revolted provirKici; 
 he was obligtid to (U'oss the borders, which hi^ did, and when;, having 
 oliiiiiiKtd the commission of a major, Ik; fought for the. revolutioniHt,s until 
 the ('lose of the stiuggUt. Whether Ik' left descendants '>r not I do not 
 know, nor when nor wIkm'o he diiMl. At the time of Ins treason, Ik; wiin 
 a coidiier, and sefiins t.o have been the iicnr nc^ighbour ivnd intimate friend 
 of the disafrected families thiiii residing there;. Mr. How's second son 
 was nam(;d Kdward, and lived and, 1 think, died in Annapolis. He was 
 gazetted a.lustice in the Oourtof Common l'h;as, on the IStli Kt;bruary, 
 l7Nr>, aiKl most probably <li(;d soon aft<;r, as I firKl •lohn liitcliie 
 appointed to the siiiik; office in 178(5. Ht; was jirobably n(;ver married. 
 Anothor son entered tlie military H«;rvice and was an officer in the lloyal 
 l-'usiliers tlu; s(;vc>ntli regiment <if foot and <li)>d abroad, probably 
 unmarried, .losefifi -who was the; youngest son but one entered the 
 navy as a lieuti;iiant on board If is Maj(;st.y'H ship Ijnviathan, and was 
 present at the groat naval engagement near Capo Trafalgar, in 1H05. 
 
 ' \m t^oiitro'H npotdulNtH, iiotalily (''atlier Ntaiiliirit, a worthy prii.Mt, say thu 
 InilliiiiH alone were guilty, heiiig inHpiriiil hy rnligiiiiM fiiimtieiHin, How, nit tlioy 
 tliotiulit, liaving H|iokiiii irreveruntls of thu Virgin .M.iry foiirlueri yettm lieforu. 
 <8«e PiukiiiiirrH "Moiiteiilm and Woiro," Vol. I., p. 1 19).-| Kit. | 
 
534 HOW — HOYT — JAMES. 
 
 He too died in the service, leaving no issue that I am aware of. A 
 memoir of his youngest son, Alexander Howe, M.P.P., appears on p. 355. 
 [There are many descendants of Edward How in the other provinces 
 of Canada of high social and official rank — among them, Theodore 
 Doucet, M.P.; his sister, Lady Middleton, wife of the late Commander-in- 
 chief ; the Courtess de Bligny, Edmund Barnard, Esq., Q.C.; Lieut.-Col. 
 Hughes, Chief of Police, Montreal ; Odilon Doucet, Esq., P.O. Depart- 
 ment, Ottawa; Antoine Prince, M.P.P.; Auguste Richard, Vice-Consul of 
 France, Winnipeg ; Canons Jean and Joel Prince, and Edouard Richard, 
 Author. — Ed.] 
 
 HoYT. Jesse Hoyt, born in 1744, married in 1764, Mary Raymond, 
 came here a Loyalist in 1783 from Norwalk, Conn. He was a descend- 
 ant in the sixth generation from Simon Hoyt who came to Charleston, 
 Mass., in 1628, and settled later at Scituate, and afterwards at Windsor, 
 Conn., the line being Simon,' Walter," Zerubbabel,'' Joseph,* James,' the 
 latter of whom, born perhaps about 1720, married 1743, Hannah Gould. 
 Children : 
 
 i. Silas, b. 1765, m. 1802, Jane, dau. of Sheriff Dickson, and settled 
 near Annapolis : Ch.: 1, Alexanaer Dickson, b. 1803, ni. 1827, 
 Sophia, dau. of Slophen Jones, J. P., and settled at Weymouth, 
 where his widow lives, in 1896, a. 102 ; 2, Polly Miller, b. 1805, 
 m. 1837, John Easson ; 3, Mary Ann, b. 1806, in. Benjamin 
 Fairn ; 4, James Frederic, b. 1809, m. Euphemia Stewart Eassun: 
 (Ch. : 1, Jesse, m. Clara Jane Cogswell ; 2, John Miller, m. Mary 
 Manning Drew ; 3, Alexander Easson, ni. (iteorgina Adeliiide 
 Tremain ; 4, William Hennj, m. Mary Hatch, of London, Eng. ; 
 5, Ag7ies Miller, m. George LeCain ; 6, James Alfred, m. Ele.-iU' r 
 Cochran ; 7, Zaidee, m. Frederic V. Tremain ; 8, Benjamin 
 Fairn; 9, Mary Jane, d. unm. ; 10, Fannie Helen); 5, William 
 Henry, b. 1811, m. Eliza J. Dcucet ; 6, Alfred, b. 1817, m. 1841, 
 Helen Edson ; 7, George, b. 1819, m. 1845, Maria Alfrida Doucet ; 
 8, Charles, b. 1822, m. Sarah Jane Quirk. 
 
 ii. Jesse, b. 1767, d. 1838, m. Irene Wheelock : Ch.: 1, Mary Ami, 
 b. 1805; 2, Harriet, b. 1808, m. James Smallie ; 3, Edward Miller, 
 b. 1810, m. Hannah R. Betts, lived in St. John, N.B. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. 1767, m. 1787, Nathan B. Miller. 
 
 iv. Hannah, b. 1774, d. 1777, at Huntingdon, L.I. 
 V. Frederic, b. 1776, d. unm. (lost in the woods at Weymouth and 
 perished). 
 
 vi. Hannah, b. 1775, d. 1779, at Oyster Bay, N.Y. 
 vii. Harriet, b. 1781, d. 1796. 
 viii. Alfred, b. 1783, at Annapolis, d. 1783, at Weymouth. 
 
 ix. Ann, b. 1784, m. 1814, Handly Chipman. 
 
 X. James Moody, b. 1789, m. Mary Nesbit. 
 
 James. See memoir of Benjamin James, M.P.P. He was born 1742, 
 and married, 1767, Elizabeth Wright, born 1743, and had children : 
 
 i. Elizabeth, b. 1768, m, Henry Sinclair, 
 ii. Benjamin, b. 1770, d. unm. (see the m 
 
 memoir, p. 350). 
 
JAMES— JEFFERSON. 535 
 
 iii. Christopher, b. 1771, d. unni. 
 iv. John William, b. 1774, d. unm. 
 V. Sarah Ann, b. 1778. 
 . vi. Peter P., b. 1781, m. Miss Warren. 
 
 vii. Daniel Weir, b. 1782,* ra. Ann, dau. of John Ritchie, M.P.P., and 
 settled in Annapolis: Ch.: 1, Benjamin John Ritchie, d. unm.; 
 2, Thomas Andrew Taylor, m. Abigail Kent ; 3, Charles 
 McCarthy, b. 1810, bpd. Jan. 11, 1811, m. — Bulleye ; 4, William 
 John8t<m, bpd. Jan., 1813 (abroad) : 5, Daniel Weir, m. Lecain ; 
 6, John VVyman, m. (1st) Ann Phinney, (2nd) Ann Ritchie, was 
 long po.stmaster at Lawrencetown. 
 viii. Thomas Wright, b. 1785, m. Mary Jacobs ; was Deputy Provincial 
 Secretary many years. 
 
 Jepfehson. Robert Jefferson came from Yorkshire, England, where 
 he was born in 1750, to Halifax, and thence to Annapolis, where he 
 was employed by Col. Evans to assist him in managing his farm near 
 Round Hill, and eighteen months afterwards married the colonel's 
 daughter Elizabeth. He then became sole manager of the farm, and 
 on the death of his father-in-law, the owner of it, and died 1812, leaving 
 many descendants now scattered far and wide. Children : 
 
 i. Abigail, b. 1774, ni. (Ist) Richard Mongarde, (2nd) Gideon Clark. 
 
 ii. Stephen, b. 177fi, m. Elizabeth Griffin: Ch.: 1, Stephen Henry, 
 m. Margaret Ann Jefferson ; 2, Jane, m. Lot Hutt ; 3, Betsey, 
 m. David Swallow ; 4, Sarah, m. Benjamin Hutt ; 5, Phebe, ni. 
 Peter Mosher ; 6, Harriet, m. Daniel Gates. 
 
 iii. Henry Evans, b. 1778, d. unm. 
 
 iv. Elizabeth Evans, b. 1779, m. Samuel Harris. 
 
 v. Sarah, b. 1780, m. (Ist) William Halliday, (2nd) Elias Woodworth. 
 
 vi. Robert, b. about 1782, m. Sarah Harris : Ch. : 1, Abigail Spurr, b. 
 1811, m. (1st) John G. Fitzgibbon, (2nd) Charles D. Strong ; 2, 
 George Henry Evans, b. 1812, m. (1st) Sarah Purdy, (2nd) Mary 
 Welch ; 3, .James Edmund Harris, b. 1815, m. Mary Potter ; 4, 
 Robert John, b. 1817, m. Jane Wilsim ; 6, Charles Clancy, b. 
 1819, m. (1st) Frances Purdy, (2nd) Elizabeth Adelaide Ruggles ; 
 
 6, Caroline Augusta, b. 1821, m. George Edmund Johnston ; 7. 
 Elizabeth Evans, b. 1824, m. Anthony Potter ; 8, William Jesse, 
 b. 1826, m. Einmeline Strong (no issue) ; 9, Helen Sophia, b. 
 1828, m. (Ist) John Wilson, (2nd) Wallace Lent ; 10, Louisa, b. 
 1830, m. Charles Campbell. 
 
 vii. John, b. 1784, m. (1st) Catharine McNair, (2nd) Ann McNair : 
 Ch. : 1, Evans, ui. Su.san Floyd ; 2, Catharine, m. Edward 
 Marshall ; 3, Maria, m. Rowland Marshall ; 4, Rachel, ni. David 
 Starratt ; 5, John, m. Ella Saunders ; 6, Elias, m. (1st) Emma 
 Saunders, (2nd) Zebia Plumb, 
 viii. Mary Ann, b. 1786, d. unm. 
 
 ix. Jane, b. 1790, m. Aaron Hardy. 
 X. Amelia Maria, b. 1792, m. Stephen Jefferson. 
 
 xi. Thomas, b. 1794, m. Nancy Vidito : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, m. (Ist) 
 Andrew Ritchie, (2nd) George Ritchie ; 2, Henry E., m. Nancy 
 Telfer ; 3, Eleanor, d. unm. ; 4, Maria, m. Henry Walker ; 5, 
 Richard, d. unm. ; 6, William Bernard, m. Mary Jane Walker ; 
 
 7, Thomas, m. Seraph Hindon ; 8, Harriet, m. Charles Ritchie ; 
 
 •February 27, 18'28, the St. Luke's church records have "Daniel James, 
 buried, aged 49." 
 
o*?6 JEFFERSON — KEXT — LANOLEY. 
 
 9, Jolin, d. unin.; 10, William, m. Isabel Clark ; 11, James, unm. ; 
 
 12, Miiietta, unm. 
 xii. Phebe, b. 179H, m. John Copeland. 
 xiii. Harriet, b. 171*8, m. John Webster, 
 xiv. William, b. 18o6, m. 1832, Maria Burton (dau. of James John, a 
 
 native of Entrland) ; Ch. ; nix sons and four dauj^hterH, many of 
 
 them now living. 
 
 Kent. Isaac Kknt, one of the original grantees of tlie township, came 
 from one of the old colonies in 1760 with his wife and children, and 
 settled near Round Hill, on a lot which I believe is in part owned by 
 some of his posterity to-day. It is not improbable that Chancellor Kent, 
 tlie author of the Commentaries, well known to every student of law, 
 was descended from the immigrant ancestor. (Probably the first of the 
 name in America was Richard Kent, who came in the Mary and John, 
 arriving at Ipswich, Massachusetts Bay, about May 1, 1634. — [Ed.]) 
 Isapc Kent had children : 
 
 i. Isaac, remained in Massachusetts, 
 ii. John, m. Lucretia Hardwick, uud. removed to one of the eastern 
 
 counties, 
 iii. Zarah, ni. Mary Hardwick: Ch.: 1, John, m. Rebecca Burket ; 2, 
 
 Elizabeth, m. John Warner ; 3, Catharine, m. Isaac Beals ; 
 
 4, Henry, m. Margaret Whitman ; 5, Mary, m. William Brennan; 
 
 6, Christina, unm.; 7, Isaac, unm.; 8, Ann, unm. 
 iv. Arod, m. 1801, Abigail Bent, iie'e Harrington : Ch. : 1, Micah, m. 
 
 Jane Beals ; 2, Abigail, m. Thomas A. James ; 3, Eiiz i, d. unm. 
 v. Anna, m. Israel Longley. 
 vi. Abigail, m. Abel Beals. 
 
 IjANfiLKY. A pre-loyalist family from Massachu.seUs, Johx Langley 
 came over with wife and several children, and obtained a grant of five 
 hundred acres in the township of Annapolis. He married in Massachu- 
 setts, Patience Tollman. Children : 
 
 i. John, m. Beulah Winchester : Ch. : 1, Patience, m. Frederic 
 
 Boehler ; 2. John, m. Hannah Oliver; 3, Nathan W., m. 
 
 Elizabeth Walker ; 4, Martha, m. Peter Long, 
 ii. Nathaniel, m. Deborah Daniels : Ch. : 1, Betsey, m. Nathaniel 
 
 Whitman ; 2, Mary, m. Joseph Wilson ; 3. Samuel, m. 1809, 
 
 Hannah Tufts ; 4, Amy, m. — Risteen ; 5, Susan, m. Beriah 
 
 Bent Daniels ; 6, Deborah, m. William Pool ; 7, Sarah ; 8, Lucy, 
 
 m. — Gregory ; 9, Asaliel. 
 iii. Mary, m. Joseph Daniels, 
 iv. Ann, m. Ephraim Daniels, 
 v. Aquila, m. 1800, Mary Chute: Ch.: 1, Sophia, b. 1802, d. unm.; 
 
 2, Benjamin, b. 1805, m. Elizabeth Clark ; 3, Levi, b. 1807, m. 
 
 Abigail Messenger; 4, Lavinia, b. 1810, m. Joseph Hicks; 5, 
 
 Ezekiel, b. 1814, d. unm ; 6, Martha, b. 1819, m. William B. 
 
 Long, 
 vi. Sarah, d. unm. 
 vii. William, m. 1803, Ann Messenger : Ch. : 1, Nathaniel, b. 180(5, d. 
 
 unm. ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1809, m. John Abbott ; 3, Diadama, b. 
 
 1810, unm. ; 4, Daniel, b. 1817, m. Helen Langley ; 6, Phebe 
 
 Ann, b. 1821, d. unm. 
 
LECAIN. 637 
 
 LKf'AiN. The name of this family was formerly spelt LkQuksne, it 
 being a purely French name. 1. Francis Bakclay LeQuksnk, whose 
 name became An<,'Iicised to its present form, came to Annapolis from the 
 Island of Jersey as " Master Artificer" or " Armourer" in the employ of 
 the Board of Ordnance. The family were of the gentry, and their coat of 
 arms, ^^ a>: n lion paitit. gules," motto, ^^ Siiis (fncilms usqurfidelia." The 
 following obituary notice of him in Minns' Weekli/ Chronicle, published at 
 Halifax in 1806, is presumably from the pen of Rev. Jacob Bailey : " Died 
 at Annapolis Royal, Francis Barclay Lccain, aged 85 years — the oldest 
 settler in this county, and who lived sixty-four years in this town. He 
 was always an honest and worthy man, and left about 100 descendants. 
 He was fifty-five years a Freemason." He must, if these figures were 
 correct, have arrived here just five years after the arrival of John Easson, 
 who had pre-deceased him by about twenty years. He married (1st), 
 September 1, 1745, Alicia Maria, only daughter of Thomas Hyde, who 
 also had been a " Master " in the Ordnance Department. She died 
 September 23, 1758. He married (2nd) Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin 
 and Mary (Woodward) Foster His second daughter married John 
 Ritchie, and thus became the grandmother of the Chief Justice of 
 Canada and his distinguished brothers. In his long residence here he 
 was an eye-witness of all the stirring and fateful events of which this 
 historic town was the centre, and was contemporary of the long series of 
 biilliant men mentioned in these pages, from Mascarene to De Lancey, 
 ali of whom were his friends and associates. Children : 
 
 i. John, b. Oct. 30, 1746, m. Sarah Providence ; accidentally shot, 
 leaving small family, not traced. 
 
 ii. Alicia Maria, b. Jan. 6, 1748, m. John Ritchie, M.P.P. 
 
 iii. EUzabeth, h. May 17, 1750, m. Thomas Harris. 
 
 iv. Annie, b. Vah. 17, 1752, m. John Skelton, removed to Canada. 
 
 V. Mary, b. June 21, 1754, m. Abraham, son of Michael Spurr. 
 
 (2) vi. Thomas,* b. Aug. 20, 1756. 
 
 By second wife ; 
 
 (3) vii. Francis, b. 1762. 
 
 viii. Benjamin, b. 1764, m. Mary Winchester, no Issue, 
 ix. Nicholas, b. 1765, m. Catherine Jost ; had sons : 1, Francis Barclay, 
 m. Margaret Bond (no issue) ; 2, John William, d imm. ; 3, Arthur 
 Walter Wilkie, d. unm. ; 4, George Frederic Augustus, m. Susan 
 B. Oxner, and lived in Halifax and afterwards in Berwick (had 
 seven sons and three daughters) ; daus. : 1, Catherine Elizabeth, 
 m. Felix King, of H. M. dockyard, Halifax, (had two daua., one 
 
 • I take the dates of births of Francis B. LeCain's children from an affidavit 
 nmde by him in claiming for them a legacy left his wife by her aunt, Lady Mary 
 Keate, sister of Thomas Hyde's wife. Many years later a belief became prevalent 
 that a colosKal fortune awaited the heirs of some Thomas Hyde, and 1 have found 
 that nimierous descendants of Francis B. Le Cain by his second wife, ignorant of tlie 
 second marriage, spent money and time in trying to investigate and recover this 
 fortune, inider the erroneous impression that they were descendants of Alicia Maria 
 Hyde, instead of Klizaheth Faster. — [Eu.] 
 
538 LECAIN. • 
 
 m. Rev. Arthur W. Cook, of Kingston, Ont.); 2, Eliza, m. Rev. 
 John Stannage ; 3, Ann, ni. James Cameron ; 4, Alicia Maria, d. 
 young ; 5, Sophia Edwina, m. Joshua Kaulbach, merchant, 
 Lunenburg ; 6 (10th child), Susan Parker, m. Edward Pierson 
 Archbold, son of late Capt. P. Archbold, Roynl Meath Regiment, 
 and had two sons, Edmxnl Thwn Ambroix' and Rev. Frawis 
 H. W. Archbold, Honorary Curate of St. Paul's, Halifax. 
 (4) X. William, b. 17«7. 
 
 2. Thomas Lecain, b. Aug. 20, 1756, in. Martha Wilkie. Children : 
 
 i. David, m. Feb., 1808, Ann Dickson: Ch.: 1, Thomas Henry, b. 
 Aug. 7, 1809, d. unm.; 2, Mary Jane, b. Nov. 22, 1811, m. Silas 
 Hancock ; 3, Frederic, b. Aug. 7, 1813, d. 1888, ni. Mary Lecain 
 (dau. of Peter) ; 4, Margaret Eliza, b. April 26, 181K, d. unm. ; 5, 
 Walter William Wilkie, b. April 16, 1818, m. — Ross, in Batavia. 
 
 ii. Frederic, m. (1st) Ann Davies, (2nd) an American, and removed to 
 United StatvSs. 
 
 iii. Walter, m. Frances Thomas, lived in St. John and died there. 
 
 iv. Francis, d. unm. 
 v. Maria Lavinia, bpd. Aug. 16, 1796. 
 
 3. Francis Lecain. The first child of Francis Lecain, by his second 
 wife, married Margaret McNeish Ritchie ; she died Aug., 1843, aged 81, 
 and had children : 
 
 i. Charles, b. June 22, 1785, m. March 4, 1820. Maria Eliza Menco : 
 Ch. : 1, Margaret, b. Dec. 31, 1826, m. Hobert S. Spurr ; 2, Bar- 
 clay Farquharson, b. Feb. 16, 1829. 
 ii. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 20, 1786, m. David Fleet ; 4 ch., 2 sons and 2 
 daus. 
 
 iii. Andrew Ritchie, b. May 18, 1788, bpd. Oct. 16, d. unm. 
 
 iv. James, b. June 26, 1790, m. 1817, Frances Ryersou : Ch. : 1, Anna 
 Maria, b. June 14, 1818, m. Avard Gates ; 2, Margaret Eliza, b. 
 July 1, 1821, m. John L. Rice ; 3, James Francis, b. Oct. 20, 
 1823, m. Jan. 13, 1850, Sarah, dau. of James Morse ; 4, Sarah 
 Ann, b. June II, 1825, m. Isaiah Potter ; 5, John M., b. March 
 
 1, 1827, m. Adelaide Durkee, d. in Yarmouth ; 6, (ieorge, b. 
 1829, m. Agnes Hoyt ; 7, Amasa, b. 1831, d. unm.; 8, Thomas, b. 
 1833, d. unm.; 9, Mary, m. Albert Berteaux. 
 
 v. Margaret McNeish, b. Dec. 27, 1791, m. Joseph Wells, 
 vi. John, b. April 11, 1794, m. Dec. 31, 1828, Maria Eliza Stewart : 
 Ch. : 1, Elizabeth Georgina, b. Oct. 22, 1832, d. Aug. 18, 1848 ; 
 
 2, Maria Louisa, b. Sept. 26, 1835, m. Elisha Bancroft ; 3, George 
 Augustus, b. Nov. 4, 1839, m. Seraphina Berteaux ; 4, Georgina 
 Mence, b. Sept. 15, 1849, m. William M. Bailey. 
 
 vii. Nicholas, b. Jan. 18, 1796, m. Feb. 27, 1840, Margaret Lucretia 
 Williams : Ch. : 1, Francis, b. Sept. 15, 1840, d, young ; 2, 
 William, b. Aug. 29, 1844, m. Zeruiah Williams ; 3, Andrew, b. 
 Dec. 18, 1845, m. Emma Sanders ; 4, Margaret McNeish, b. Nov. 
 9, 1847, m. William Hardwick. 
 
 viii. Benjamin, b. March 23, 1800, d. Sept. 4, 1801. 
 ix. Alicia Maria, d. unm. 
 
 4. William Lecain, born 1767, and married Sarah Henshaw ; he 
 died 1830. Children : 
 
LECAIN — LEONARD. 539 
 
 i. Peter, m. Mary Tonilinson : Gh.: 1, Mary, m. Frederic Lecain ; 2, 
 Elizabeth, m. James Corbett ; 3, Eliza, m. James Wright ; 4, 
 Margaret, ni. Andrew Uugan ; 5, Sarah, m. Duncan Miller ; 6, 
 Susan, m. George Stailing, d. in Digby. 
 
 ii. Thomas, m. Sarah Orde : Ch. : 1, William, m. Margaret Sweenie ; 
 2, Thomas, m. Minetta Ilhodda ; 3, John, m. Rebecca Hannan -, 
 4, James, m. — Berry ; 5, Frank, m. — ; (5, Colin, m. Rachel 
 Merritt; 7, Elizabeth,^ m. (Ist) Robert Jestings, (2nd) Thomas P. 
 Berry ; 8, Mary Hester, m. Edward C. Berry ; 9, Susan, m. John 
 Purdy ; 10, Martha, ni. William Milner ; 11, Sarah, m. Long; 
 12, a dau., m. Joseph Rawding. 
 iii. William, m. Ellen Ritchie (dau. of Robert), and had ch. : 1, John, 
 d. unm. ; 2, Alexander, d. unm. ; 3, Sarah, d. unm. ; 4, Avis, d. 
 unin. ; 5, Malvina, d. ; (t, Charlotte, d. unm ; 7, Fanny, m. Imel 
 Young ; 8, Harriet, m. Daniel Dukeshire. 
 
 iv. Elizabeth, m. Alexander Ritdiie. 
 
 V. Ann, m. William Webb. 
 
 Leonard. Jonathan Leonard was born at Lyme, Conn., between 
 1735 and 1740. After his arrival here he married in 1764, Sarah, 
 daughter of Josiah Dodge. He was at one time possessed of one 
 thousand acres of the best land in the township of Granville, which he 
 disposr^d of at the time of the arrival of the Loyalists and removed to 
 the Paradise District, where he built one of the first saw-mills in the 
 township, and died in 1812. It is probable he served in the expedition 
 against Louisburg in 1758. (At least two Leonards came to America 
 from Wales among the earliest emigrants. Solomon, born in Monmouth- 
 shire, was with the Pilgrims at Leyden, and settled in Duxbury, before 
 1637 ; and Thomas came from Pontypool, in the same county, and 
 settled in Taunton, Mass. There were several prominent Loyalists of 
 the name, and many became eminent in the United States in various 
 callings. — Ed.) Childien: 
 
 i. Phebe, b. 17*55, ni. John Wade, jun. 
 ii. Seth, b. 1767, d. 1786, unm. 
 iii. MoUie, b. 1770, m. Samuel Bent, jun. 
 iv. Jonathan, b. 1772, d. 1772. 
 v. Deborah, b. 1773, d. 1773. 
 
 vi. Abiel, b. 1775, m. Letitia Hackelton : Ch. : 1, Seth, d. unm. ; 
 2, William, m. Louisa Anderson (went abroad) ; 3, Sarah, m. 
 Martin VanBlarcom ; 4, Elizabeth, m. Job Young, 
 vii. Bettie, b. 1777, m. (1st) John de Witt, (2nd) Samuel McCormick, jun. 
 viii. Putnam, b. 1779, m. 1804, Ann McGregor (dau. of John) : Ch. : 
 1, Richard Saunders, b. 1805, m. Hannah McLellan ; 2, John, 
 b. 1807, d. unm. ; 3, Susan, b. 1809, m. Daniel Durland ; 4, Parker, 
 b. 1812, d. unm. 
 ix. Susanna, b. 1782, m. 
 
 X. Seth, b. 1787, m. 1808, Elizabeth Merry (dau. of William) : Ch. : 
 1, Benjamin Dodge, b. 1809, m. (Ist) Susan Longley, (2nd) Louisa 
 McCormick ; 2, Ann, b. 1811, m. Joseph Elliott ; 3, Susanna, 
 b. 1814, m. Amherst Martin Morse ; 4, Minetta, b. 1816, m. 
 William Young Foster. 
 
 * Mr. Chute informs me that this should be Sarah. — [Ed.] 
 
640 LOXOLEV. 
 
 L'»J«JI-KY. Thi.s t'inineiit Annapolis County family are descended from 
 Wii.MAM LoNnLKY, wlio camo from England to America in 163G, and was 
 one of the founders of Groton in that colony. He had a son William,'^ 
 and the latter had a son William,'' who married Experience Crisp, by 
 whom he had a family which in 1604, with two exceptions, were murdered 
 by the Indians, including both the parents. A little girl of eleven years, 
 and a boy still younger, had been captured by the Indians the evening 
 previous to the massacre, while in a field near the edge of the forest, a 
 short distance from the habitation. They were taken to Ville Marie, now 
 Montreal, where Lydia, the girl, was ransomed by the Mother Superior 
 of the convent there, and educated in the faith of the Roman Catholic 
 Church, tt> which she became a devoted adherent, and finally became 
 herself Mother Superior of the same institution. In her letter-s written 
 in after years to her relatives, she ardently urged them to return to the 
 bosom of the Holy Catholic Church. Her brother John was brought up to 
 the nomadic life of his captors. When in after years he was redeemed, 
 it was with great difficulty that he was persuaded to abandon this life, 
 and to return to his kindred, his inheritance, and civilization. In the 
 traditions of the family he is spoken of as "John the Captive." He was 
 twice married, his first wife being Sarah Prescott, and his second, Deborah 
 Houghton. He died in 1750, ten years before his son, William Lonoley 
 (who was born in 1708), with his wife, Mary Parker, and son Israel, at 
 that time fifteen years old, came to this county, and settled on a lot in 
 the Belleisle District, where some of iiis descendants are still living. 
 After Israel had attained majority, the father relinquished this fai-m to 
 him and returned to his old home in Shirley, Mass., where he died in 
 1788. Israel, who was born in 1745, married 1770, Anna, daughter of 
 Isaac Kent, and had children : 
 
 i. Isaac, b. 1771, ni. (lat) Dorcas Bent, (2nd) Freelove Dodge : Ch. : 
 
 1, Maria, b. 1795, m. James Whitman ; 2, Israel, b. 1797, m. 
 Mary Ann Bishop ; 3, Diadama, b. 17'J9, ui. Creorge Bishop ; 
 4, L ovicia, b. 1801, m. Elias Bishop ; 5, Anne, b. 1802, m. 
 Benjamin Whitman ; H, Lucy, b. 1804, m. Richard Nichols ; 
 7, David Bent, b. 1806, m. Mary Clark ; 8, Elizabeth, b. 1809, 
 ni. Charles Durland ; (by 2nd wife) : 9, John Fletcher, b. 1815, 
 d. unm. ; 10, Dorcas Emily, b. 1817, m. Reuben Balcom ; 11, 
 Minetta, b. 1819, d. unm. ; 12, Isaac, b. 1823, m. Catharine Beals. 
 
 ii. Anna, b. 1773, m. Joseph Bent, 
 iii. William, b. 1775, m. Esther Dodge : Ch. : 1, Bethiah, d. unm. ; 
 
 2, Susan, m. Benjamin D. Leonard ; 3, Warren, m. (1st) Minetta 
 Morse, (2nd) Sarah Ann Morse, h^« Elliott. 
 
 iv. Asaph, b. 1776, m. (Ist) 1804, Grace Morse, (2nd) 1807, Dorcas 
 Poole : Ch. : 1. Warren, b. 1806, ^. unm. ; (by 2nd wife): 2, Helen, 
 b. 1808, m. Ebenezer Balcom ; .$, Caroline Sarah, b. .1810, m. 
 John Hall ; 4, Israel, b. 1813, m. Frances Manning, the father 
 of Hon. J. WiLBKRFORCE Lonoley, M.P.P., Attorney-General 
 of Nova Scotia; 5, Harriet Sophia, b. 1815, m. (Ist) George 
 Brown, (2nd) William Sproul ; 6, William, d. unm. ; 7, Hon. 
 AvARD Lonoley, M.P.P., M.P., etc (see his memoir). 
 
LONui.EY — r.ovErr, 641 
 
 V. Utaul, h. 1780, III. (1st) 1«04, Mary Hath, (211(1) Minetta Willoughby : 
 Cli. : 1, Taiiiar Cocilia, U. IHUo, iiiiin. ; 2, .loliii Hath, I). IHOH, 
 III. Mary .\iiii Follows; M, Israel .lames, b. 1811, in. Henriotfa 
 Hatli ; 4, Lucy Ann, b. 181.'{, in. DclaiK^y (ioatior; 5, Saniiiul 
 Chark'K, I). 1815, in. Kli/.a Isabella Fowler : l>, Nolieiiiiah Fletcher, 
 b. 1H17, <1. limn. ; 7, Robert Wesley, It. IH'Jl, in. Uharlotto Harris; 
 8, Mary Elizabeth, b. IH'.'4. in. .lojiii Milbury. 
 vi, Christina, b. 1785, in. .John CiieHlcy. 
 vii. Diatlania. b. 1782, in. .loliii McNiill. 
 viii. Elizabeth, b. 1787, m. 'lolin Tiipper. 
 i.x. Lucy, b. 1780, d. iiiiin. 
 X. Wesley, b. 1704, cl. (at soa) uiim. 
 
 LovETT. See memoir of Pliiueas Lovott, sen., M.P.P. Piiinkas 
 LovETT, JuN., 1». 174'), was elected for the Townshij) of Aiumpoli.^ in 
 1775, and then fatlier and son were contemporary members for one 
 session, tluring which, [lerhaps, neither of them attended. In the ii.st 
 in the Almanac for 177(5, copied in Murdoch, Vol. ii., p. 582, his name 
 does not appear. It reappears in 1777, and lie eviilcntiy sat until 1784. 
 He m., ITCy, Abigail Thayer, and d. June, 1828. Children : 
 
 i. Iteulah, m. .lohn Fitzrandolph. 
 
 ii. Daniel, in. Aiinii, daii. of Rev. Thos. H. Chi|)iuan: Ch.: 1, Phineas, 
 b. 180(5, m. (in Enj^laml); 2, Eliza Ann, b. 1808, d. iinin. ; 3, 
 Abigail, b. 1810, in. Zebiilon Phinney, d. Jan. 10, I8!M) ; 4, 
 Harriot Jaiio, b. 1811, d. unm.; 6, Daniel Morritt, b. 1815, m. 
 Lydia Pitman ; (5, John HeiiKton, b. 1820, in, Rachel Dodge ; 7, 
 Maria, !>. 1822, in. Ebenc-zor H. Do Wolfe. 
 
 iii. William, d. unni. 
 
 iv. Rachel, m. Phineas Oakes. 
 
 V. Elizabeth, m. Elisha Pishop. 
 
 vi. James Risskll, b. 1781, m. 1806, Sarah, dau. of William Allen 
 Chipman, was M. P.P. for the Townshij) of Annapolis from 1827 
 to 1836, and d. 1804: Ch.: 1, William Henry, b. Mar. 30, 1807, 
 d. 188C., uiini.; 2, Mary Ann, b. Feb. 10, 1810, m. J. Edw. Starr ; 
 3, Elizabeth Albro. b. Sept. 11, 1812, d. 1809, unm.: 4, James 
 Russell, b. June 23, 1814, d. 1838, unm.; 5, Sarah Rebecca, b. 
 Sept. 25, 1810, d. 1837, unm.; 0, John Chandler, b. June 10, 
 1810, d. 1840, unm. ; 7, Thomas Edward, in. in England, d. 1809 ; 
 8, Samuel Bag.shaw, d. in Florida, unm.; 9, Eunice S., m. Nov. 
 25, 1847, George Thomson, E8(|., of Halifax ; 10, Maria C, m. 
 William Smellie, of Scotland ; 11, Adelaide, m. Peter McPhee, 
 of Halifax, d. 1870. 
 vii. Phineas, m. 1800, Margaret Rutherford (dau. of Henry, M.P.P.): 
 Ch.: 1, Sarah, b. 1801, d. 1801 ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1803, m. Charles 
 Moody ; 3, Henry Rutherford, b. 1805, unm ; 4, Margaret Jane, 
 b. 18 7, d. uum. ; 5, Charles Phineas, b. 1809, d. 1816 ; 6, Amelia 
 Maria, b. 1812, d. 1812; 7, Ann Isabella, b. 1819, m. — Golding ; 
 8, Sophia Amelia, b. 1821, in. W. Forsyth Turnbull, of Digby. 
 viii. Thomas, m. Ann, dau. of William Allen Chipman : Ch. : 1, 
 Margaret, m. James L. DeWolfe ; 2, Mary, d. unm. : 3, Sarah, 
 unm.; 4, Henry, m. Annie Johnstone, dau. of Dr. Lewis and 
 niece of Hon. J. W. Johnstone ; 5, Agnes T., m. James W. 
 King, of Windsor, M.P.P., etc. 
 
 ix. Abigail, m. William Bent, J. P. 
 
 X. Louisa, m. Samuel Chesley, J. P. 
 
 xi. Mary, m. (Isfc) Henry Shaw, merchant of Digby, (2nd) Richard 
 Stephens, of Digby, a native of England (no issue). 
 
542 MAUOESON — MAKSHALL. 
 
 Marokson. (iiDEON Makokhon was a worthy loyalist of 1783. The 
 flt'st of the name in America was Edmund Margeson, who came in the 
 Manffower in 1G20, but he <lied, it is said, unmarried, and certainly very 
 young, during the first year of the Hettlement. The name does not 
 appear again among the early settlers of Massachusetts. He marrieil 
 Lavinia, daughter of U()l)ert Wilson, of New York, and sister of Chris- 
 topher Wilson, an immigrant of 1774 from Yorkshire. Children : 
 
 i. John, b. 1785, m. 1810, Hnnnah Bolsor ; Ch.: 1, John, b. 1811, 
 m. (Ist) Lydia Morinc. (^nd) Wilhelniina Ann Newcomb ; 
 
 2, Jonathan Woorlhiiry, h. Ixl.'i, <1. 1884, ni. Rebecca Condell ; 
 
 3, Thomas, b. IblM, ni. Miriam Simpson ; 4, Margaret, b. 1818, 
 111. George Uuzanson ; 5, William, b. 1820, m. Susan Randall ; 
 (S, Benjamin, b. 182;i, ni. (Ist) Eunice White, (2nd) Sarah 
 Nichols ; 7, Edward, b. 1820, m. (1st) Caroline Wilson, (2nd) 
 Harriet Brown ; 8, Leandor, l). 1827, ni. (Ist) Jano McCJorical, 
 (2nd) Mai-y Ann Parker ; U, Love, b. 1829, m. John Woodworth ; 
 10, Hannah, b. 18.32, tn. Milan. 
 
 ii. Robert, b. 1787, m. 1813, Rachel Fritz : Ch. : 1, William, b. 1814, 
 m. Mary Beals ; 2, James, b. 1815, m. Margaret Morris ; 3, Jane 
 Wilson, b. 1817, ni. Patrick Stephenson ; 4, Mary, b. 1819, ni. 
 John Phillips : 5, Nancy, m. James Collins ; 6, Peter, m. (Ist) 
 Sarah Jane Pool, (2nd) Rebecca Whitman, »i<'e Qoucher ; 
 7, Lavinia, m. Morgan Connell ; 8, Margaret, b. 1820, d. unm. 
 iii.* Silas, m. (Ist) Mehitable Reagh, (2nd) Ann Merick, n^e Brown: 
 Ch. : 1, Susanna m. Bayard Margeson ; 2, John Wesley m. Sarah 
 Amelia Gesner : 3, Lavinia m. (1st) Ansel T. Baker, (2nd) Rev. 
 Mr. Martel ; 4, Elizabeth, in. (1st) Henry McKenna, (2nd) 
 James Morse, (3rd) Adam Bowlby ; 6, Sarah Jane, d. unm. ; 
 6, Isaac, m. Mary Price ; 7, Margaret, m. Sidney Burden ; 8, Mary, 
 m. Isaac Parker. 
 
 iv. Lavinia, m. Samuel Campfield Beardsley. 
 
 v. Thomas, m. 1813, Phebe Daniels : Ch. : 1, Christopher, b. 1814, m. 
 Margaret Reagh ; 2, Ella, b. 1817, d. unm. ; 3, Mary E., b. 1819, 
 ni. James N. Spicer ; 4, Robert C. b. 1822, m. (1st) Rebecca 
 Spicer, (2nd) Jane Smithers ; 5, Thomas, b. 1825, m. Hannah 
 Spicer ; 6, Lavinia, b. 1827, m. Wellington Daniels ; 7, Phebe 
 Ann, b. 18i;{, in. Lewis Morris ; 8, Silas, b. 1829, m. Mary Ann 
 Goucher ; 9, Ellen, b. 1834, in. John Berteaux. 
 
 vi. Peter, m. Ann Hall, 
 vii. Christopher, m. Susan Dodge (dau. of Charles). 
 
 Marshall. This name is derived from the title " Mareschall," and 
 the English, Irish and Scotch Marshalls claim descent from Roger le 
 Mareschall, or "the Marshall," who at Hastings arrayed the forces of 
 the Conqueror for the battle. The title of Earls Marshalls of England 
 became hereditary in the family, and by the marriage of William the 
 Protector with the only daughter and sole heiress of Strongbow, Earl of 
 Pembroke, and Eva his wife, they became Earls of Pembroke in England. 
 In Ireland members of this family were Princes Palatine of Leinster, 
 
 * The order in which the remainder are placed may not be correct. 
 
MAUHIIALI. fi43 
 
 and thu title of MarHliall of Ireland l>ecaine vested in a younger branch 
 by letters patent. William, the ilnnli^rant to America, became one of 
 the founders cl Dc<lham, MaHH. In 1760 four of the name, supposed to 
 have been his great-|i;randHons, came over t«i Nova Scotia. (For Isaac 
 and Wii.MAM, see page 199.) Anthony settled tirst at VVilmot, and after- 
 wards removed to and founded MarHhalltown, Digby County ; Solomon 
 settled in the township of Annapolis. William's oldest (surviving) son, 
 Andrew Willett Marshall, cut the first tree in what is now the beautiful 
 district of Clarence Centre. While these four pioneers are supposed by 
 most of their descendants to have been brothers, Solomon is reported to 
 have come over to Mas-sacliusetts from Pennsylvania, and Anthony from 
 Ilhofle Island. William Makbiiall married April 22, 1761, Lydia, 
 daughter of George Willett, of Roxbury, and had children : 
 
 i. Sybil, b. Feb. 3, 1762, m. Deacon ThumHs Chute. 
 
 ii. Williftm, b. Oct. 21, 1763, d. Sept. «, 1764. 
 
 iii. WiUiani, b. Aug. 6, 1765, d. Sept. 'M, 1776. 
 
 iv. Catharine, b. Sept. 10, 1767, d. Jan. 6, 177». 
 
 V. Andrew Willett, b. Feb. 23, 1770, m. Jan. 2i>. 17»2, Susannah, dau. 
 of Samuel Chesley, d. Sept. 28, lh(S5 : Ch. : 1, Nancy, b. Aug. 
 27, 1703, m. Oct. 23, 1821, Jeremiah, son of Jacob Calnek ; 2, 
 Andrew, jun., b. Oct. 31, 17]>5, ni. Oct. 21, 1810, Abiguil Morse ; 
 3, Caleb, b. Nov. 30, 1797, m. Nov. 11, 1823, Eliza, dau. of Wil- 
 liam Bent ; 4, Susan, b. Aug. 24, 1800, m. Joseph Starratt ; 5, 
 Eliza, b. Aug. 16, 1802, m. Nov. 4, 1829, Daniel, son of Richard 
 Nichols ; 6, Benjamin, b. July, 18()4, m. 1830, Eliza Beattie ; 7, 
 Helen, b. Feb. 11, 1807, d. May 24, 1849 ; 8, Sidney, b. April 16, 
 1809, d. 1811 ; 9, Sidney, b. May 31, 1814, m. Feb. 23, 1837, 
 Tamar Chute. 
 
 vi. John, b. April 20, 1772, m. Oct. 17, 1797, Nancy, dau. of Abednego 
 Ricketson : Ch. : 1, Maria, b Oct. 14, 1798, m. Feb. 8, 1820, 
 John, son of Alvan Corbitt ; 2, Susanna, b. March 9, 1800; 3, 
 Willett, b. Feb. 9, 1802, m. 1826, Margaret, dau. of Joseph 
 Johnson ; 4, Lovicia, b. Nov. 8, 1803, m. Samuel Bishop Chip- 
 man, M.P.P. ; 5, William, b April 22, 1806, m May 10, 1831, 
 Maria, dau. of \Vm. Bent ; 6, Calvin, b. April 2, 1807, d. ; 7, Soj)hia, 
 b. Aug. 14, 1810, m. Dec. 19, 1838, William, son of Joseph John- 
 son ; 8, Eliza, b. July 31, 1812, m. Jan. 4, 1848, Thomas A., son 
 of Antonio Gavaza ; 9, Mary Ann, b. Feb. 10, 1816, m. June 22, 
 1847, William Freeman Marshall (his first w.) ; 10, John James, 
 b. June 7, 1818, m. Dec. 16, 1852, Maria Randolph, 
 vii. Abel R., b. May 13, 1774, m. Jan. 4, 1798, Esther, dau. of Daniel 
 Felch : Ch. : 1, William, b. 1798, m. July 4, 1822, Mary Fritz ; 
 2, Samuel, b. Nov. ?5, 1800, m. Rachel, dau. of John Elliott ; 3, 
 Deacon Thomas A., b. Nov. 7, 1802, m. Margaret Elliott (sister of 
 Rachel), 11 ch. ; 4, Lydia, b. Feb. 12, 1806, ni. W., son of Jamea 
 Charlton ; 5, Ruf us, b. Sept. 15, 1810, m. Mary Jaile Webster, 
 viii. Elizabeth, b. March 28, 776, m. William Marshall (son of Isaac^. 
 
 ix. Calvin, b. April 16, 1778, m. Helen Phinney (dau. of Zaccheus), 
 
 lived at Petitcodiac. 
 X. Sarah, b. Aug. 27, 1780, m. Samuel Gates. 
 
,•^44 MARSHAU,. 
 
 HoLOMON Mahniiai.i., lH)rn iilK)ut I7ir», m. (lut) in P<'ntiMyIvaniii, Samh 
 ('liirki* (or Sini|iNiiii), (L'mi) lliinniili Kt-ndiill. Cliil<li-ri : 
 
 i. Kni-iili, l>. MixMit 177>l, III. liuiijimiin Milhury. 
 My nuciiikI wifu : 
 
 ii. Miiiy. I). I77«i. 
 
 iii. Klisii;i, h. I77H. Ill IKIM'.. Cyiilhiii MinHlmll (dun. ..f Umw) : Cli. : 1, 
 riiniliiie. 1>. IH(»7. in. Junu'M Siillivun ; 'J, Kli/.a. I). IHOK. in. ()1<1- 
 liani Fiilt'H ; .*», |{i'V. Levi HiiptiNt. I». iH||,iii. Ann Collins; 4, 
 Hiith. ni. (lilt) Miirin Kiit/,, ('-'nil) iMiihillii rithiiig ; H, Lucy. in. 
 Divul t . Millinry ; (». Kinily, in. Win. Loiko ; 7, Morcy, in .lacol) 
 Luoko ; H. Jiioil), in. Miiry Wiud ; !», (iiirdiniT, d. num. ; 10, 
 KnuL'li, il. iinin. 
 iv. Kiiinuoi, 1>. 17W», in. (I»t) Nancy RiHtcnn, (I'lid) Ann Tufts. (Ilrd) 
 Miiiy CliMto, /(('( iMiirshiill, (4th) Cyntliiii, dun. of .liinu's .larvis, 
 and wid. of Hnyliy (iray : ('h. : I, Sophia, h. 1S07. ?n I'Mward 
 Arininson ; 2, William, h. !«)!», ni. Hannah Ward ; Ii, Klizilx-tli, 
 1>. JKII, in. (1st) Stoplifii Urown, (2nd) Nolson Haker ; 4, lionina, 
 b. IHl;!, 111. Stephen Tufts ; 5, Holn'cca. in. .laini's Mitchell ; (I, 
 Ahij^ail. in. Utdiinsoii I'alinor ; 7, Joseph, in. Hubocca Walker ; 
 8, Mary Ann, in. .F(din Uawkesworth ; J», Catherine, in. •lames Di- 
 viiincy; 10, Sainnel, ni. Fanny Weltoii ; U, Salome, m. Israel 
 Hont. 
 
 V. Obadiah, li 1781. d. 1857. in. 1805, Mar«aret Eaton : Ch. 1, 
 raiiiela. It. 1800, in. James Urown ; 2, Mary, It. 18U1), in. Hund- 
 ley C. (lates ; .1. Lucy, b. 1812, m. Phineas Hudson ; 4, .lohii, b. 
 181.5, m. Sarah Marshall ; 5. Margiret, b. 1817, in. Kufus Kob- 
 bins ; 0, William, b, 181U, m. Margaret Fiannagan ; 7, UoOert, I). 
 IH21, in. Margaret Morse ; 8, Sarah Ann, ni. Daniel Whitman ; 
 », Eunice, in. (Ut) Whitman, (2iul) Muiiroe ; 10, Elias, m. Nancy 
 I'reenian. 
 vi. Rebecca, b. 178IJ, m. Joseph Snoll. 
 
 vii. Solomon, juii.. b. 1785, m. Juno, 1805, Rachel Chute : Ch. : 1, 
 Nelsim, b. 1810, d. without issue ; 2, James Lynam, m. Eliza 
 Ann Armstrong (dau. of Richaid). 
 viii. Seth, b. 1787, went abroad, 
 ix. Hannah, b. 1789, d. 17«>0. 
 
 X. Levi, b. 1700, d. 18(>!>, m. (lat) Catharine (2nd) Mary, daus. 
 of Rev. John White : Ch. ; 1, Lamitty Ann, d. unm. ; 2. James 
 Manning, m. (Ist) Mary Whitman, (2nd) Freelove liruco ; M, 
 fiances Maria, m. Jabez Morton ; 4, Sarah, m. John Marshall ; 5, 
 Edward, in. Margaret Motfatt ; (>, Heniy Worth, m. (Ist) Ann M. 
 Morton, (2nd) Phebe Morton ; 7, Catharine, m. James Peyton 
 Pierce ; 8, Zachariah, d. unm. ; 9, Adoniram Judson, ni. Barbara 
 Rafuse. 
 
 xi. Susanna, b. 1702, m. Levi Cole. 
 
 xii. Sarah, b. 1794, m. 1812, Wm. Greenham. 
 
 xiii. Elizabeth, b. 1798. 
 
 Isaac Marshall, b. 1738 (Mr. Chute says June 10, 1748), married (1st) 
 1772, Mary Robbins, (2nd) Ruth Morton, wc Parish. Had children ; 
 
 i. Otis, b. Feb. 21, 1773, m. July 12, 1796, Silence, dau. of Daniel 
 Felch, Esq., lived at Marshall's Cove, now Port Lome : Ch. : 
 1, Daniel, b. 1797, m. 1834, Amoret McKeau ; 2, Lucy, b. 1799, 
 d. young ; 3, Mary, b. 1802, m. Wm. Vidito ; 4, Isaac, b. Oct. 14, 
 
MAItSllAFJ, — MMHIDK — M'( OMMKK. .'»4u 
 
 1804, III. FruncKs Ilrt>wn dhvi. John); ft, Uulmccn, )i. Out. U, IHOl, 
 in. Allun riurk ; (t, .luhn, l>. IHlltl, in. KhcIioI Kuthorn, o ih. : 
 7, Olivor, 1). IHOH, ni. Muiy, cIhw. ft .Iumho Vidistoo, 10 cli. ; M, 
 Diikdikiiiii, III. KIkunit M>:I<imi(I, II cli. ; II, <it'iir|{u (iardnor, !>. IHll, 
 ni. <'iiriiliiii>, (likii. of .It'Hxo \'i(liti>t> : HI, |>i)iiiMit, in. Cliuiiliiy Stark ; 
 11, Allun, III. Kikuliul. iliiii. .loliii Hdiiiy Siiytltir ; I'J, ChIvjii, hi. 
 Lucy, ditii. of iVtur >Striiii){ ; l.'l, Kli/,», in. Alux. ■Iikckaun. 
 ii. liUcy, b. .Inn. H, '"7"», in. (iutiri»i' (Jiirdiicr. 
 
 iii. Williiini, l>. Au^. 14, 1777, in (l»it!> Klizalu'tli MuihIihII, (2iid) Sarali 
 (!hiito ; V,\i.: 1, Asaph, It. . u^. 27, 1HII2, m. Kli/.a Morno (daii. 
 •loiiatliaii) ; 2, William, jiiii, b. .hily 17, 1HU4, in. (iracu Niiiitli 
 (dnii. Frank, g. daii. Aiiatin); ,'<, ('alvin, i). and d. IHOH ; 
 4, Eli/.abi-tli, b. .Ian. I'J, IHll, m. Levi IMiiniiey. 
 
 iv. Mary, b. Sopt. Id, 177!l, i>i. .Ian. ."JO, IWII, William Chuto (son of 
 
 Saiiiuol). 
 V. Cynthia, b. Nov. 27, 17«1, in. Klinha MarHhall. 
 
 vi. Piiciila, b. Nov. 2!l, 17H.'I, ni. Henry, son of .lohii Dunn. 
 
 vii. David, b. .Sopt. 17, 17H<t, ni. Au^f. li.i, 1H0(>, Kli/aboth Heardslcy. 
 and livod near Port Lorno : Uh. ' 1, Knocii, li. 1K07, in. .lano 
 Hansolpickor ; 2, Ilovorly Rnbinson, b. 180il, in. Susan Mhsh- 
 LMi^tT ; ;i, Kbonu/.ur llobbiim, b. 1811, d. iinin. ; 4, Wullin^toii, 
 b. 181:1, in. Hannah ISolnor ; 5, Mary, b. 1815, in. Naniuel FoHtur, 
 jun. ; (t, Klizaboth, b. 1817, in. VaiiHuren Fostur ; 7, David, b. 
 181<.l, d. unin. ; 8, Lavinia, b. 1821, in. .losoph, Hon of ThoinaN 
 Durlaiid ; !l, Saraii Ann, b. 1822, ni. Warren, Hon of Benjamin 
 Foster; 10, Olivia, b. 1824, in. Henry (). Ualt(«n ; 11. Fb.n;;7.ci 
 b. 1825, III. Barbara Ann (iriiut; 12, Isaac William, b. 1828, ni. 
 FranceH Easaon. * 
 
 viii. Catharine, b. July 2, 1701, d. young. 
 
 Anthony Mahhhall, who wtMit to Digbv, has a very large posterity. 
 He had childrtMi : 
 
 1, Abigail, b. 17<'>5, in. John Henry Snyder ; 2, .loseph, b. 17<M», ni. Teni- 
 
 Rerance Eldridgo ; 3, Richard, b. .Ian. JIG, 1708, in. (iHt) Hannah liacon, (2nd) 
 lartha Marshall, m'c Ingles ; 4, leaac, b. March 12, 1770, in. Rachel, dau. of 
 Jaiiu's and Eli/jibeth I'otter; 5, Rachel, b. 1771, ni. Richard CcjlliiiH; (>, Mary, 
 b. 177.i, ni. John Cropley ; 7, William, b. 177<>, ni. Rebecca White, and lived 
 at South Range, Digby County ; 8, Solomon, b. 177'.>, m. May V.i, 1802, 
 Martha, dau. .laineN IngleH, and lived at Marnhalltown ; left eight sons. 
 
 A full record of thera is in the Chute Genealogie,s. 
 
 McHkide. Edward McBhidk, an immigrant from the north of Ire- 
 land, married, 17G,'), Lois Hill, and had children: 
 
 1, Charlotte, b. 17^6 ; 2, Samuel, b. 17fi8, whoso dau. Elizabeth in. .loseph 
 Durland (son of Daniel); 3, Japhet, b. 1770 ; 4. Bettie, b. 1772 ; 5, Edward, 
 b. 1774 ; 0, Sophia, b. 177<5, m. Abner Chute ; 7, William, b. 1780 ; 8, Anne, 
 b. 1781. 
 
 McCoRMlCK. The family of this name, who with "all deference, I 
 think, ought to spell the name MacCormac, or McCormack, the fot -'or 
 being nearer the original name, are descended from Samuel McCoriu.ck, . 
 36 
 
546 M'COHMICK. 
 
 a iifitivc of tlio north of Iri'liind, iiltliough probably of Scottisli origin, 
 who was born in 1741, and eniijL;rat(Hl in the latter part of the eighteenth 
 century. It is said the vesssl tiiat brought him was bound to New York, 
 l)ut put into Halifax from stress of weather. Shortly after his arrival 
 tlu'i'e he removed to Horton, Mliere he remained a few yeai"s, and coming 
 afterwards to the t )wnship of Oranviile, he purcliased a lot of five 
 hundred acres in the \ieinity of which many of his descendants now 
 reside. Some of Ids descendants have figured very largely in ship- 
 l)uilding, commerce, and prominent public service, not forgetting news- 
 paper enterprise. He married, 1770, Mary Blair, and died June 12, 
 182;?. She died December 27, 182C. Children: 
 
 i. Jane, b. 1770. m. Robert Young. 
 
 ii. Samuel,' b. 1772, m. 1802, Elizabeth, widow of .lohn DeWitt, and 
 dau. of Jonathan Leonard : Ch. : 1, Samuel Leonard, 1). April 7, 
 1804, m. Bethirt Robertson ; 'J, NViiliam, b. Feb. 2, 180(), ni. Miss 
 Burnhaiu, of Digby ; I!, .Irtrah, b. March 8, 1808, m. ISenjauiin 
 Sanders, of Rosette; 4, .) )hn, b. Nov. 2, 1809, ni. Margaret .1., 
 dau. of Richard James, Esq ; 5, Seth, b. Sept. 22, 1811, d. Dec. 25, 
 1813 ; (), Louisa, b. Jun ; 25, 181.'{, ni. Benjamin Leonard, 
 Paradise ; 7, And)rose, b. ^May 23, 1815, m. Phebe Post, of Digby. 
 iii. John, b. 1774, d. 1840, m. 1803, Phebe Balcom : Ch. : 1, William, 
 m. Letitia Withers ; 2, Samuel, m. Oct. 2!», 1850, Elizabeth 
 McDormftnd ; 3, Maria, ni. William Wade : 4, Lydia, ni. Leonard 
 Wade ; 5, Jane, m. John Mills ; (i, Sarah, m. Stephen Troop ; 
 7, Rachel, m. Joshua Hawktsworth ; 8, (Jeorge, b. March 10, 
 1821, m. Bessie Bent ; 0, John, m Sarah Calnek ; 10, Gilbert, 
 b. July 4, 1823, m. Martha Tupper. 
 iv. Daniel, b. June 20, 1782, m. 18i)8, Susanna Young (dau. of William). 
 Shed. June 8, 1830: Ch. : 1, William Young, b. Nov. 17, 1809, 
 d. Sept. 8, 1835, unm. ; 2, .Mary, b. Nov. .'G, 1811, ui. Joshua 
 Hawkesworth ; 3, Ja ^es Parker, b. May 3, 1814, d. unm. ; 
 4, Miriam Jane, b. Juue 29, 1810, m. Wm. Chaloner, an Bnglish- 
 man living in Boston ; 5, Edward Thorne, b. Sept. 13, 1818, m. 
 Mi.ss Neville, Granville ; 0, Hannah Maria, b. Feb. 23, 1821, m. 
 (1st) Charles Edward Farnham, of Digby, (2nd) Frank Smith, of 
 St. John, a native of Ireland ; 7, Margaret Catherine, b. July 27, 
 1823 ; 8, Statira Ann, b. Jan. LHi, 1820, m. Abner Rice ; 9, Job 
 Young, b. Nov. 3, 1829, m. Miss Melick, of Wilmot. 
 
 V. Thomas, b. 1785, m. Sept. 15. 1811, Elizabeth Winchester (dau. of 
 Spencer) : Ch. : 1, Grace, b. June 28, 1812, in. Wir.slow Odell ; 
 2, Frances, b. Aug. 30, 1813, m. Wm. Letteney ; 3, Thomas, b. 
 Feb. 18, 1815, drowned June 8, 1835 ; 4, Hannah, b. June 11, 
 1810, m. Captain Wm. Bogart ; 5, Elizabeth, b. June 12, 1818, m. 
 (1st) Thomas Daley, (2nd) Moses Dykeman, (3rd) Rev. George 
 Armstrong ; G, Henry, b. March 3, 1820, drowned June 8, 1835 ; 
 7, Ann, b. Sept. 30, 1821, d. unm. ; 8, Henrietta, b. May 25, 
 1823, m. William Sullivan ; 9, Jacob, b. May 19, 1826, d. Nov. 
 14, 1828 ; 10, James, b. July 12, 1827, m. Miss Stackhouse ; 
 11, Edward, b. Oct., 1829, m., living in Texas ; 12, Samuel, twin 
 of Edward, m. Miss Cole, of Carleton, N.B., now in Dacotah ; 
 13, Stephen, b. March 3, 1832, m. 1854, Miss Watts, St. John, 
 N.B. ; 14, Mary Catherine, b. Juno 26, 1834, d. April 21, 1836. 
 
M'DORMAN'l) — MKEN/IK. 547 
 
 McDoit.MAND. {Ihj Ihf Editov.) I iim indehted to Mr. Chute, author of 
 the " Chuto Genealogies, ' for tlie foUowiiin; information : William 
 McDorinanil, from an ancient Ulster family of Scotch origin and good 
 repute, removed witli his wife and family from the valley of th 3 Brandy- 
 wine to Annapolis in 17G1, under the auspices of Henry E\ans, and 
 occupied lot l), about three miles from the town. His sons were : 
 
 i. William, juii., 1). May, ll'.V), first settled in Digby, then at Oulli- 
 vlt's Cove, Digby Neck, and then again in Digby, ojcupyint; the 
 lot on which the IJaptist Cliiiich now stands, and d. before 1807. 
 His widow in that year opened her house for the first Baptist 
 services in that place. Ho ni. (Ist) Meribah, dau. of Win. Fitz- 
 (5eral<l, sen., of VVilmot ; (2nd) May L'5, 1802, Tabitha, dau. of 
 Joseph Webl)er, and wid. of (ieorge Schreibcr, a Loyalist : Ch.: 
 1, J.ine, m. .lames Robinson ; 2, Mary, ni. David Cossabooni ; 'A, 
 Margaret, m. Edward W., s. of John U. Small ; 4, Su.san ni. — ; 
 5, Sarah, m. John JlcKay ; (>, John, ni. — ; 7, James, ni. — 
 Sypher ; 8, Charles, iii .lane McKay, 
 ii. Robert, m. Mary Moriill, first settled in Digby, and in 1811 
 removed to Western I'anada, where she d. 1817, and he survived 
 several years : Ch.: 1, Xancy, ui. James Mclntyre ; 2, Mary, ni. 
 — ; 3, Rev. Cormac, ni. (1st) Miss Watt, (2nd) Prudence Morrill; 
 4, Rob.^rf, m. Rebecca Arnold ; 5, Thomas, m. (1st) Elizalxth 
 McDorniand, (2nd) Margaret Snow ; (», Wilson, m. Lucy Bnok- 
 man ; 7, Jane, m. David C(jssaboom ; 8, James, m. Deboiah, 
 dau. of Robert Morrill ; it, Tlev. William, m. Jerusha N\ -Mis. 
 
 iii. Thomas, m. 1790, Lavinia Webber, of Granville ; Ch.: 1, Joel, b. 
 1792, m. Jane Elizab^th Harris ; 2, John, m. Dorinda Whitman, 
 5 ch. ; 3, Joseph, m. in England ; t, William, a mariner ; o, 
 Elizabeth, d. young. 
 
 iv. James, m. Ann, <lan. of Juda'i Rice, liv<>(' a; Westporfc, Briar Island, 
 but removed to Port Burwell, (^nt.. alxiut 18i50 : Ch. : 1, Sarah, 
 m. Elisha Payson ; 2, James, fate miKuown ; .'i, Mary, m. Sanuiel 
 Teed ; Rachel, m. Francis Hai'ris, jun.; 5, Elizabeth, m. Thomas 
 McDormand ; 0, Jane, m. (1st) William Bailey, (2nu) Lemuel 
 Morehouse ; 7, Charlotte, m. John, s. of .lacob Medlar ; Frances, 
 m. Isaac Titus, jun.; !), Nelson, m. Eleanor McConnell ; 10, 
 Sidney, m. Sarah, dau. of Isaac Morehouse. 
 
 McKkxzie. As the name would clearly indicate, this family is of 
 Scotch origin. Alexander McKenzie, born about 1733, came over to 
 Halifax about the middle of the last century, soon came down to 
 Granville, and tiiere married in 1765, Mary, daughter of Walter 
 Wilkins, who was born in Halifax, proV)ably in 1749. They settled at 
 Stony Beach, below Granville Ferry. He died July 14, 1820. She died 
 1843, aged 93. Children: 
 
 i. Sarah, b. June 24, 176C, m. (ist) June 15, 1786, Joseph Thomas, 
 
 (2nd) 1829, Deacon Thomas Chute, 
 ii. Mary, b. 17<J8, d. young, 
 iii. Walter, b. May 4, 1770, a master mariner, d. probably unm. , Dec. 
 
 24, 1799, in his vessel, in Annapolis River, 
 iv. William, b. May 4, 1770, m. Hannah, dau. of Ebenezer Corning, 
 
 1795, lived at Stony Beach, d. March, 1859 : Ch. : 1, Alexander, 
 
548 M'KENZIE— MESSEN(iEU. 
 
 1). May 4, 1700, in. Mary, dau. of Dr. Andrew Sidelor, 10 ch. ; 
 2, Bethiah, h. -Sept. 15, J7!*7, m. .Folin, son of Mana^seh Litch ; 
 H, Abigail, b. Sept, 1, 17!>!>, ni. James Martin, who d. seven 
 months biter ; 4, Mary, b. Aug. li, 1802, ni. (lilbert (Jress, 7 ch. ; 
 
 5, Hannah, b. June 7, 1804, in. James Litch ; 0, Elsie, b. April 
 
 6, 1807, 111. William Turple ; 7, Eleanor, b. June 27. 180!). m. 
 Thomas Sproul, jun. ; 8, Eliza M., b. Jan. 18, 1812, iii. (Ist) John 
 B., son of Jonathan McKenzie, (2nd) James Killain ; 0, Sarah A., 
 b. May 1, 1813, m. Rev. .lohn (). Woodworth ; 10, Margaret Jane, 
 b. Sept. 3, 1815. m. Thomas, son of John Perry. 
 
 V. Abba, b. 1773, d. 177C. 
 vi. Elizabeth, b. 177H, m. Oct. 3, 17^0, Oeorge, son of Gideon Witt, 
 
 who came from Lynn, Mass.. to Granville, 13 ch. 
 vii. John, b. about 1779, a follower of Rev. Henry Alliiie, and an evan- 
 
 geli.st or preacher, 
 viii. Nancy, m. Paul Chesley. 
 ix. Alexander, b. 1784, m. (1st) Mary, dau. of Willoughby Sollows, of 
 Yarmouth, (2nd)Edith, dau. of Joseph Saunders, widow of William 
 Harri.s : Ch. : 1, Walter, m. Mary, dau. of Ansel Crosby ; 2, 
 William, m. Rachel, dau. of John Landers ; 3, Eleanor, m. Nathan, 
 son of Jabez Landers ; 4, Ruth, in. William, son of Isaac Balcoiu ; 
 5. Mary Caroline. 
 X. Susan, b. Sept. 2(), 1780, m. James C. Steadman. 
 xi. Mary, b. 17'J0, m. Henry, son of Abednego Ricketson, no ch. 
 
 Messenger. Henhy' Messexoeu came from England to Boston in 
 1637; married Sarah — , and had a son Thomas,'^ born 1661, who 
 married Elizabeth Mellows; they had a son Ebenezer,'' born in 1697, 
 who, in 1719, married Rebecca Sweetzer ; .and from this marriage came 
 Ebenezer* Messenger, jun., who was born in 1723 (or 1720), and came to 
 Nova Scotia with the other early Massachusetts settlers, liringing his 
 wife with him. She died, arid he married (2nd) Madame de Chevry, but 
 his children were by the first wife. He died at Annapolis in 1806, said 
 to be aged 86. His children were : 1, Ebenezer,'' who married Margaret 
 Hooper ; 2, Lydia, married William Lawrence ; 3, John. Ebenezer,'' 
 who came with his father, married Margaret Hooper. Had children ; 
 
 i. Henry, m. Dec. 15, 1792, Anna Wilson, and had ch. : 1, Amelia, b. 
 1794, m., probably, Elijah Phiniiey; 2, Ann, b. 179H, ni. George 
 MuL.oe; 3, Henry, b. 1798, m. Hannah Abott, Och.; 4, Timothy, 
 b. 1800, ill. Eliza Messenger, 4 ch. ; 5, James, b. Dec. 15, 1801, 
 m. (Ist) Susan Thomas, 7 ch., (2nd) Grace (Smith) Marshall; <», 
 David, b. Feb. 20, 1804, m. Catharine Parsons; 7, Mary, b. 1806, 
 m. Samuel Parker ; 8, Jane Elizabeth, b. 1807, d. 1828 ; 9, Michael 
 (or Lewis), b. 1809, m. (Ist) Pliebe Ann Bruce, (2nd) Grace 
 Payzant ; 10, Cynthia, b. 1811, in. Isaac Dodge ; 11, Eliza Ann, 
 b. Dec, 1813, d. Nov. 9, 1828; 12, Major, b. 1817, m. Sarah 
 Kinsman, 6 ch. 
 ii. John, m. 1808, Nancy Truesdell, 4 ch. 
 
 iii. Ebenezer, in. 1805, Mary Munroe : Ch. : 1, Thomasine, b. 180«}, 
 111. William Benson ; 2, Ebenezer, b. 1808, ni. Margaret Bruce ; 
 3, Emily, b. 1810 ; 4, Louisa, b. 1813, m. James Craft ; 5, Eliza 
 Ann, b. 1816, in. Timothy Messenger ; (i, Maria, b 1819, m. John 
 Bruce ; 7, Armanilla, b. 1821, m. John T. Craft ; 8, Amelia, 
 b. 1824, m. — ; 9, Isaiah, b. 1826, in. Mehitable Sampson. 
 
MESS^:NOER— MILBURY. 549 
 
 iv. Ezekiel, iii. Mary Ricketson ; Ch. ; 1, Obadiah, iii. Ann McGregor ; 
 2, Daniel m. ; l\ .Jordan, ni. Elizabeth Munrou; 4, Eli, m. Christina 
 MurNhall ; 5, Lawrence ni. 1832, Mary Ann Soper ; 0, Mary, m. 
 John Brinton ; 7, Phebo, ni. Andrew Munroe; 8, Eliza, in. William 
 Merritt ; '.>, .Susan, ni. (Ist) Beverley II. Marshall, (2nd) William 
 Brown ; 10, Elsie Ann ; 11, Lovicia ; 12, Enuneline ; 13, William 
 Henry, ni. Mary Roach ; 14, Nancy, b. 1820, in. Joshua Brinton, 
 b. 1819. 
 V. (lieorge Nuf^ent, b. 1784, ni. Mary Harrington, 4 ch. 
 vi. Thomas, m. Experience Bent, 3 ch. 
 vii. David, m. Abigail Bent, 8 ch 
 viii. Phebe, m. Reuben Balcom. 
 ix. Ann, m. William Longley. 
 X. Lydia, m. Daniel Bruce. 
 
 ^IiLHUKY. Our author niiirle no note on the founder of this family, 
 except a nienioranduni that seems to indicate that he was from York, but 
 tlie autlior of the "Chute Genealo;{ies " says "from Ireland." It seems a 
 purely English name. Thomas Miluuuy married 1764, Elizabeth 
 Barnes (daughter of Natiianiel), and had children : 
 
 i. Thomas, b. 17(>.'', m. Phebe Saunders : Ch. : 1, Phebe, b. 1797, m. 
 Nathaniel Harris (son of Benjamin and g. son of Sanmel, of Yar- 
 mouth); 2, Thomas, b. 1799, drowned ; 3, Joseph, b. 1802, m. 
 1828, Rebecca Weare ; 4, David, b. 1803, d. 1804. 
 ii. Benjamin, b. 1707, m. Sarah Marshall (dau. of Solomon): Ch.: 1, 
 Mercy, m. (1st) James Bryan, (2nd) James Nickerson (perhaps 
 Nicholson); 2, Willard, m. Eunice, dau. of John Weaver ; 3, 
 Samuel, b. 1804, m. Mary, dau. of Silas Bent ; 4, Solomon, m. 
 (Ist) Phebe Sproul (dau. of W. Roach); 5, Benjamin, m. Clarissa, 
 dau. of John Viditoe (lived in Digby and d. by an accident. A son 
 Alfred Heiinj, being- partly brought up by a Savary, adopted that 
 surname, served in American navy and settled in United States); 
 6 and 7, Simeon and Thomas, b. 1810, d. soon ; 8, John Wesley, 
 b. 1812, m (1st) Hannah Ward (dau. of Jonas); 9, Lucinda, b. 
 1814, m. Asaph, son of Reis Stronach ; 10, Sarah Ann, b. 1817, m. 
 Edwin Downey ; 11, Whitfield, b. 1820, m. Eunice Sproul. 
 
 iii. .Tames, b. 1770, m. Sarah (Fletcher) Milbury : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b. 
 Dec. 14, 179(i, m. Priscilla, dau. of Wm. Chute ; 2, James, b. 
 July 8, 1798, m. Mary, dau. of Henry Milbury ; 3, Elizabeth, b. 
 July 27, 1800; 4, Henry, b. Oct. 18, 1801, m. Mary Young ; 5, 
 Susanna, b. Feb. 22, 180.'{, m. John Brown ; (5, Anna, b. Jan. 21, 
 1806, m. William Armstrong ; 7, Mary, b. June 21, 1807, m, 
 William Nichols ; 8, David F., b. Sept. 8, 1810, ni. Lacy Marshall 
 (dau. of Elisha) ; 9, Lucy, b. Nov. 17, 1812, m. James Lynam 
 Chute ; 10, John, m. Soraphina Chute (dau. of William) ; 11, 
 Elizabeth, b. Nov. 2, 1817, m. Harrington Messenger ; 12, 
 Fletcher, b. July 30. 1819, m. Sarah J. Sproul. 
 
 iv. Mary, b. 1772, m. Demotte Durland. 
 v. Elizabeth, b. 1774. 
 
 vi. Joseph, b. 177<5, d. at sea. 
 
 vii. Henry, b. 1778, m. (Ist) 1804, Sarah, dau. of John Wade, (2nd) 
 Mary (Fletcher) Young : Ch.: 1, Ma y, b. 1805, m. James Mil- 
 bury ; 2, David, b 1807, m. Margaret Bent ; 3, John, b. 1809, 
 m. Mary Ehzabeth Longley ; 4, Phebe, b. 1812, m. i3enjamin 
 Farnsworth ; 5, James Priestly, b. 1815, m. Henrietta Clark ; 
 (5, Stephen, b. 1817, m. Mary Bent ; 7, Seth, b..l819, m. (1st) 
 
550 MILHURV— MIIJ.ER. 
 
 Keziiih Kody, (2iitl) Eliziiboth Crooks; 8, Edward, 1». J82;^ in. 
 Miirj^aret Holliind. 
 viii. Sfiiiiuel, 1) 1780, in. (Ist) Kiity Nyo, (2iid) Elizahctli Fowlor. 
 ix. Kicliiird, 1). 1782, in. Pliohe Evorett. 
 X. Sanili, I). 178r), iii. .Joseph T. liiirnes. 
 
 Mn.LEU. Fkancts Millkk came, accordiiii,' to family tni<lition, from 
 New York to (jlranvillo not loiij,' after the Ma.ssacliusetts settl(>rs of 17G0. 
 In 1770 he liad, accoidinj; to the census returns, 8 chilfh-en, G of wliom 
 were of Nova Scotian birtli. His ehlest son Henry, wlien a youn^ man, 
 returned to New York, where an iinch^ residtsd, married and h^ft fle.seend- 
 ants tliere. His son Francis removed to Dear River, niarrie<l Kachcl, a 
 daujLtliter of William Clark, and Jacob, at the time of his marriaye, settled 
 in Wilmot. He married MoUey and liad children : 
 
 i. Henry, h. 17<>i>, m. and lived in New York, 
 ii. Catherine, 1). 17<>8, in. Zehiilon Durland. 
 iii. Molley, 1). 1770, m. Richard Clarke, 
 iv. Adam Francis, 1). 1771, ni. 180.5, Racliel Clark : Ch.: 1, Thoina.s, h. 
 
 1800, m. Mary Wade ; 2, William, h. 1808, m. Sarah Ann Harris; 
 
 li, Mary. J). 1810, m. William Dunn ; 4, Sophia, h. 1812, m. 
 
 •Joseph Rice ; .5, Nelson, li. 1811, m. Harriet (jilliat ; (5, Margaret 
 
 Ann, h. 1814, iii. Jacoh Trmip. 
 V. .Jacob, h. 1774, m. 1708, Sarah Durland : Ch.: 1, Mary, 1). 1700, m. 
 
 Georj,'e Dowlby ; 2, Georj^e, 1). 1800, m. (Ist) Eliza IJhodes, (2nd) 
 
 Catherine Cropley ; -i, Eliza, b. 1802, in. William Slocomb ; 4, 
 
 Phebe, b. 1804, m. .John Bent ; 6, Martha, b. 1800 ; (5, Sarah, b. 
 
 1808, 111. Thomas Nee ; 7, Louisa, b. 1810, m. .John Cropley ; 8, 
 
 Francis, li. 1812, in. Elizabeth Slocomb : 0, .John, b. 1810, m. 
 
 Phebe Hayes ; 10, .Jacob, b. 1814, m. Cecilia Morse ; 11, Henry, 
 
 b. 1810, 111. Lavinia Slocomb. 
 
 Michael Milleii, of German extraction, a New York Loyalist, by 
 tradition of the same family as the last named, but not within known 
 d<»grees of relationship, married (1st) Sarah, daughter of Solomon Farns- 
 wDith, (2nd) 1801, Susanna Grimes. Children : 
 
 i. Solomon Farnsworth, m. Sarah Travis, and had ch.: 1, Ann, m. 
 (Ist) .John Morrison Wade ; 2, Mary .Jane, in. Stephen Fowler ; 
 3, Elizalieth, d. unm.; 4, ()livia, m. Henry Bent; 5, .John, d. 
 uniii.; 6, Solomon, d. unm.; 7, Solomon, m. Elizabeth Easson ; 
 8, William E., m. Jane Easson. 
 ii. William, d. unm. 
 
 iii. Harris, in. 1818, Sarah Gaskell : Ch.: 1, Sophia, h. 1810, m. (Ist) 
 Eaton Chute, (2nd) Solomon Chute ; 2, Micliael, b. 1822, m. 
 Elizabeth Chute ; 3, William, b. 1826, m. Elizabeth Sanders ; 4, 
 Beniainin, I). 1828, m. Catharine Sanders ; 6, Mary, m. Alexander 
 Witt. 
 
 iv. Edward, d. unm. 
 
 V. James, m. 1822, Eleanor Ch.indler : Ch.: 1, Eliza Matilda, b. 1824, 
 m. (Ist) Charles Lingley, (2nd) Thomas Delap ; 2, Sarah Ann, b. 
 182(5, ill. (1st) Jacob Bogart, (2nd) Charles Mills ; 3, Catherine, 
 b. 1828, d. unm.; 4, James Edward, h- 1830, lu. Horatia Stead- 
 man ; 6, Weston Hicks, b. 1832, m. Almaretta Sanders ; 0, Lois, 
 in. David Tucker ; 7, Louisa, I). 1830, m. James Harvey. 
 
MILLER— MIM.S—MII.XEH. SVI 
 
 l}y second wife : 
 vi. Hanloy, d. iiiini. 
 vii. Tlionms Iliiiiley, li. lHOr>. 
 
 viii. lVlich(U'l, 1). 1^07, m. 18154, Lucy Ann Merry ; .'J sons d. mini., 
 sovuriil divua. 
 ix. .:.iivn,h Ann, 1». 1808. 
 ,\. Ji'Cdl) Edwjird, li. 1812, d. uinn. 
 xi. Irene Salome, d. unni. 
 
 Mills. The Mills family of Uraiivilk' are a branch of a family lony 
 domiciled at or near Scarborough, Yorkshii'c, whose patronymic was 
 Milnes, the change in the spelling of the name being adopted about the 
 time of the arrival of the innnigrant ancestoi- in Nova Scotia. Milnes 
 is a conspicuous name among the gentry of Derbyshire, which adjoins 
 Yorkshire on the .south. Three brothers, who.se father's Christian name 
 is lost, but whose mother's maiden name was said to be Milner, came 
 over about 177.'i or 1774. The eldest, Francis, nevei- married. He was a 
 magistrate for several years and highly esteemed. William Mills, the 
 next eldest, married Hannah McConnick, and had children : 1, John, 
 long a J. P. and leading merchant and ship-builder, m. Jane McCoiinick ; 
 the father of Joii.v B. Mills, Esq., M.P., 10 children in all; 2, Elizabeth, 
 m. David Withers[)Oon : 3, Ann, m. Robert Witherspoon ; -l, Robert, m. 
 Jane Amberman, 4 children; 5, William, m. Emily Troop, 9 children; 
 6, David, m. Mary Halfyard, 11 children. 
 
 Jlobert Mills, the youngest, married Hannah Lovett, and had 
 children : 1, Robert, m. Lucy Hall, (5 children ; 2, Sarah Ann, m. Alfred 
 Troon. 
 
 There was an Elizabeth Mills, m. Oct. 12, 1790, John Weatherspoon, 
 jun., perhaps a sister of the three immigrant brothers. 
 
 MiLXKR. JoN.\TiL\N MiLNEK was l)orn in Yorkshire, England, ard 
 came to this province in the last quaiter of the last century. He married 
 Ann Oliver, was a farmer, and settled in Clements. Another immigrant 
 named Milner, distinctly cognate, settled in Cranville in 1812. Children : 
 
 i. John, b. about 177^), m. Tamar, dau. of Daniel Pine : Ch.: I, Mary, 
 b. 1804, d. unm. ; 2, Sarah Ann, b. 1806, m. James Fraser, jun.; 
 3, John K., ni. Dorcas Piuckney ; 4, Rebecca, m. Samuel VVest- 
 lake ; 6, Hannah, d. uniii. ; 6, Daniel P., b. 1810, m. Ann Mott 
 (dau. of John). 
 
 ii. Jonathan, jun. m. (1st) Lois Potter, (2nd) Hannah, dau. of Daniel 
 Pine: Ch.: 1, Ann, b. about 1800, ni. Daniel W. Milner; 
 2, John, b. 1810, d. 1840 ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Mary Ann, m. Peter, 
 son of Thos. Berry (his 2nd wife) ; 4, Samuel, ni. Mary Eliza 
 Jones ; 6, SutliflFe, ui. Cecilia Kiley ; 6, Louisa, m. Ezekiel 
 Sanford. 
 
 iii. Thomas, ni. (Ist) Elizabeth Warner, (2nd) Nancy Ham, wid. of 
 Jacob Weilant : Ch. : 1, Daniel W. , ni. Anna, dau. of Jonathan 
 Milner ; 2, Thomas H. m. Lovicia, d:ii'.. of James Wright (no 
 
5.')2 MILLEIl— MOIWE. 
 
 issue) ; 3, Frederic, iii. Bethiah, dnu. of .Tames Wrif^ht ; 4, James, 
 III. Mary, daughter uf Andrew Dukeshire ; 5, Mary, iii, William, 
 son of JaiiieH Wrij^ht ; <$, Hannah, m. Ward VVright ; 7, .1. 
 Conrad, m. Diadaina, dau. «)f Wm. Spurr ; 8, .Joshua, b. 181(j, 
 in. Sarah Hinos ; », Oliver, d. aged 20; 10, Elsie, I). 1822, m. 
 John Potter (son of BenJHiuin) ; (by 2nd wife): 11, William, m. 
 Martha LeC'iiin (dau. .'f Thomas); 12, Rebecca, m John, son of 
 Peter Berry ; KJ, Ann Oliver, iii. Edward Manning Sanford. 
 
 iv. Sarah, d. unni., aged 80. 
 
 V. Elche, m. John Trimper. 
 
 vi. Beulah, d. unni., aged about 70. 
 vii. Mary, d. unin., aged about 75. 
 viii. Anna, in. William McNeill. 
 
 ix. Elizabeth, in. 1814, Benjamin Lecain, and d. 18(».5, aged 87. Ho 
 d. 18<)2. 
 
 MoKSK. S.\.MUKL MoiisK,' born in England, l.oS.'J, was son of Rev 
 Thomas Morse, of Foxeuitli, Essex County, England, and with wife 
 Elizabeth came to New England in the ship Increase, Robert Ijce, 
 master, in 1625, and .settled at Dedhani, and died at Medfield, Mass., 
 April 5, 1654, aged 69. His eldest son, Daniel,-' born in 1613, married 
 
 Lydia , and lived in Medfield and Sherborn, Mass., and died June 5, 
 
 1688, leaving a son Daniel,'' born 1640, who married 1661), Elizabeth 
 Barbour, of Sherborn, and died Sept. 29, 1702. His -son Daniel,* born 
 July 10, 1672, married Susannah Holbrook, 1696, and died 1717; had 
 a son Obadiah," born at Sherborn, Aug. 15, 1704, married 1728, Mercy 
 Walker, and died in 1753. This Obafliah was the father of Abner and 
 Sf nuel Morse, who came to this count}', and were grantees in the 
 township of Annapolis. 
 
 AiixER MoRSK, born in Sherborn, Mass., 1731, married, 1754, Anna 
 Ciiurch, and had children : 
 
 i. Abner, jun. (called Capt. Abner), b. Dec. <!, 175<i, d. Dec. 4, IS^Jl), 
 m. (1st) 1774, Elizabeth, dau. of Timothy Saunders, (2nd) May 
 27, 179.'{, Nancy, dau. of Handley Chipman : Ch.: 1, Ann, m. 
 Henry Balcom ; 2, Church,* b. 1777, m. 1800, Elizabeth Parker 
 (dau. of Nathaniel) ; 3, Diadaina, in. Nathan Parker, jun. ; 4, 
 Hannah, b. 1782, m. Henry Alline Parker; 5, Rachel, b. 1788, 
 m. William McGregor; (by 2nd wife): (», Hanley C, b. May 7, 
 1705, m. Jerusha, dau. of Asa Tupper ; 7, Elizabeth, b. March 2, 
 1797, m. 1813, Deacon .John Wilson ; 8. Rebecca, b. April 9, 
 1799, m. William, son of Thomas Bishop ; 9, Abigail, b. Ajiril 23, 
 1801, m. Andrew Marshall, jun.; 10, Lucy Grant, b. 1803, m. 
 John VanNordeii ; 11, Caroline, b. March 7, 1805, m. Abel 
 
 * Our author makes Church Morse the twelfth chilil of the first Abner an<l Anna 
 Clmroh. I have followed Mr. Chute's later conclusion with some doubt. Church 
 liad children : 1, Helen, b. April fi, 1801, in. Abner Parker ; 2, Bcnaiah, b. Dec. 22, 
 1802, in. (1st) Elizabeth (widow Baker), dau. of John Robinson, (2nd) Klizfibeth Cutler; 
 3, Jonathan, ni. Elizabeth, <lau. of Samuel Spinney ; 4, Elizabeth, b. lian. 17, 1807, 
 in. (Ist) James Saunders, (2nrl) William Copeland ; 5, Nathan Parker, b. Dec. 12, 
 1809, m (1st) Mary A. Roach, (2nd) Elizabeth Elliott ; 6, Charlotte, b. and d. 1812 ; 
 7, Abner, b. July 1, 1813, m. Nov. 9, 1834, iMary Elizabeth, dau. of Elijah Purdy. 
 
MOUSE. 553 
 
 Banks ; 12, Einineliiie, b. July 4, 1807, ni. Edward liauukiiiiiti ; 
 13, Harriet, h. .June 22, 180!), ni. Anibroso Podlii ; 14, Abnor, b. 
 Nov. 15, 1811, in. Sarah Ann. dau. of David Morse ; 15, Eunice, 
 b. 1814, ui. (Ist) Stephen Harris. (2nd) J«nie8 Purdy, (.'Ird) John 
 Bennett, of Digby. 
 
 ii. Anna, b. Nov. .'10, 1758, ni. Jacob Troop. 
 
 iii. Elizabeth, b. March 2, 17<)1 (in N.S.), ni. James Chute. 
 
 iv. Obadiah, b. Feb. l.'l, 170.'{, m. Hannali Chute : Ch. : 1, Sophia, b. 
 Ai)ril <J, 17«H, ni. March 2!>, 1807, Robert Neily ; 2, Peter, b. Oct., 
 1788, m. 1811, Mary, dau. of .Jt>hn Wheelock ; ;'., Judith, b. Sept. 
 l.'{, 17iH, ni. Sept. .'U), 1815, (Jtiy, son of Lemuel Newton ; 4, 
 Alexander, b. 17!>;{, m. (Ist) March II, 181(i, Amy Chesley, 
 (2nd) Mary Ann Truesdale, iier half-sister ; 5, Abner, b. July 21>, 
 175)5, m. (1st) Feb. 22, 1821, Margaret, dau. of John Hick.s, 
 (2nd) Oct. Ki, 18;{4, Mary, dau. of Jonathan Parker, (3rd) 185(i, 
 Caroline S., dau. of Archibald Hicks; (>, Luther, b. May 28, 175>8, 
 ni. (1st) ( )ct. 12, 18:W, Mary, dau. of Fairfield Woodbury, (2nd) 
 Nov. (i, 1851, Emily Dodge ; 7, Lavinia, b. Aug. 14, 1801, m. 
 Stephen Taylor ; 8, Theresa, b. 1803, m. John Hicks, jun. ; 
 9, Hannah Maria, b. April 8, 1800, m. Jan. 20, 1820, Rev. Obed 
 Parker ; 10, Obadiah, jun., b. Dec. 20, 1800, m. Sept. 11, 1834, 
 Minetta, dau. of Asa and Ruby Foster. 
 
 v. Jonathan, b. July 0, 17<>5, m. (1st) Margaret Beckwith, (2nd) Lucy 
 Grant, 2 divus. 
 
 vi. Silas, b. Aug. 2(5, 1707, ni. (1st) July 25, 1701, Helen, dau. of Capt. 
 Grant, (2nd) Elizabeth Osborne, wid. of John H. Chipman, (3rd) 
 Sarah Bishop, wid. of Daniel Chipman : Ch. : 1, Robert Grant, 
 b. 1794, d. about 1820 ; 2, William Haliburton, b. 1796, m. 1824, 
 Catharine, dau. of Joseph Troop; (by 2nd wife): 3, Silas L. 
 (Barrister, Q.C.), d. unm. ; 4, John Osborne, m. (1st) Rhoda 
 Parker, (2nd) Harriet Stephens ; 5, Helen G.; 0, Sarah, b. 1812 ; 
 7, Charles, b. 1815, m. Miirgaret Henderson ; 8, Elizabeth, b. 
 1810, m. .James Smith, Windsor ; 9, Thomas A., b. Jan. 23, 1820, 
 ni. Marguerite Maria, dau. of George B. Oxley. 
 vii. Mercy, b. Feb. 3, 1770, m. (Jeorge, .son of Valentine and Katy Troop, 
 viii. Daniel, b. Feb. 5, 1772, m. .Jane, dau. of Isaac Woodbury : Ch. : 
 
 1, Sampson, d. at 4 years ; 2, Susan, m. Abel Parker ; 3. Seraph, 
 m. Amos Patterson ; 4, Daniel, m. Susanna Parker ; 5, Isabel, 
 m. Sidney Welton ; 6, Jane, m. Rev. David Chase ; 7, Leverett, 
 m. Hannah Chase. 
 
 ix. John Martin, b. July 21, 1774, m. Nov., 1798, Jane, dau. of Rev. T. H. 
 Chipman : Ch. : 1, William Huston, b. 1799, m. Miriam Parker ; 
 
 2, Mary A., b. 1801, m. Jonathan Crane; 3, Louisa, b. 1805, m. 
 Elijah Parker ; 4, Margaret, b. 1809, m. John Balcom (son of 
 Henry) ; 5, Evaline, b. 1811, m. Edward Parker ; 0, Gaines, b. 
 1813, d. young ; 7, M. Rosenblade, b. Oct. 23, 1815, m. Char- 
 lotte Johnson ; 8, Rev. .John Chipman, b. 1819, m. (Ist) Isabel, 
 dau. of Abner Woodworth ; (2nd) Frances L. Dakin (dau. of 
 Edward) ; 9, Eliza Q., m. Isaac Hamilton. 
 
 X. David, b. Jan. 10, 1777, m. Hannah, dau. of John Hicks, jun. : Ch. : 
 1, Constant, m. Sarah Simgster ; 2, Edward, m. Elizabeth Spurr, 
 wid. of William Ditmars ; 3, John A , m. Sarah Smith ; 4, David, 
 jun., m. Harriet Morse (dau. of Jonathan C.) ; 5, William, d. 
 1894, aged 80 ; 0, Lucinda, m. James, son of Stephen Bent ; 
 7, Mary, m. Ansley, son of John Brown ; 8, Sarah Ann, m. 
 Abner Morse, 2nd jun. 
 
 xi. Abigail, b. April 18, 1779, d. Aug. 18. 
 
 xii. Hannah, b, Oct. 14, 1780, m. Moses Rice (son of Judah). 
 
') ')4. M( )11SK — MOIIT* )N. 
 
 SxML'Ki, MoKSK WHS l)(»iM lit Slierborii, Mass., 17.'59, nmiriiMl about 
 17*)', Lydia Cliurcli. (Miildrcii : 
 
 i. Samuel, 1). nlioiit 17<iH, in. 17!>ti, Aiiiorot, dan. of Elias Wiicelofk : 
 Cli.: 1, Klias, 1). ITiW, ni. I-ncy Houhnor ; 'J, Samuol, 1). ISIX), iti. 
 Kli/,a, dull, of SteiihfU lioelmt'i-; .">, Major, h. March l<!, 1802, in. 
 Margaret Kciiiicdy ; 4, Aiiioret, b. 18(14, d. 1825, unin. ; .">, Anilicrst 
 Martin, b. 18(l(i. in. Su.saii buoiiaid ; C, Abigail, l>. 18()'.t, d. lHl'7; 
 7, Wfllini!t..n. 1>. 1812, d. 1818 ; 8, Sophia, b. 1815, ni. Stilinian 
 Kent ; !t, Lydia, b. 1818. 
 
 ii. Aaron, b. Dvr. 5, 177<>, in. (1st) \7*Mi, Eluanor .Mc(irei,'(>r, (2nd) 
 1828, as liur third iui.shand. FrancL'« Fariisworth, wid. of llt-v. 
 .lames Manniiii; and lloiiry Troop : Cli. ; 1, Aaron, b. 179<>, in. 
 Sorapli, drtu. of Michael Martin ; 2, Fjydia A., b. Dee. 2, 17i)7, ni. 
 K/.ekiel Ciiute ; '.i, William, in. Lavinia, dan. of ^bijor Chipmaii ; 
 4, Kdward Manning, ni. (1st) Mary Ann, dan (jf ^N illiain Bisliop, 
 and wid. of Israel Longloy, (2n(l) Lucretia C. Cro.scnp, wid. of 
 Israel Delap ; 5, .lo.sepii, ii. 180IJ, d. uiiin. ; (>, Eleanor, b. 18U8, 
 m. ilaines Starratt ; 7, Henry Alline, b. 1813, in. Mary Elizabeth, 
 dan. of I'eter IStarratt. 
 
 iii. Jonathan Church, m. 1800, Susanna, dau. <jf William Longley; Ch. : 
 
 1, Samuel Eilw.ird, b. 1801, in. Sar.ih Ann FJUiott (dau. of John); 
 
 2, I.srael Longley, in. Susan Sturiney ; ;{, Eliza, b. May 2.5, 
 1805, m. Asapii Marshall ; 4, Susan Harriet, b. 1807, ni. David 
 Moise, jun.; 5, Lucy Adelia, 1). 1810, m. Arthur, son of John J. 
 Palmer ; (i, Caroline Herdersay, b. 1813, in. Lawrence Piiiuney ; 
 7, Minetta, b. 1817, in. Wairen Longley ; 8, Mary Cecilia, b. 1821, 
 ni. Jacob Miller, juii. 
 
 iv. Lydia, m. Samuel V'oung. 
 V. (irace, in. Asa])h Longley. 
 vi. Abigail, m. Obadiah Parker. 
 
 The Rev. Arzarclah Morse, descended probably from William, v .o 
 came from Marlborouf^h, Wilts, to Newbury, in 1(')35, born January 10, 
 1745, B.A. Harvard 1761, was in Annapolis County between 1770 and 
 1790; perhaps later. His daughter Diadama married Michael Spurr, 
 jun. (See Spurr.) 
 
 Morton. Joseph Morton came from Massachusetts in 1760, returned 
 
 to settle liis affairs there, and it is said was, while in the harbor of 
 
 Boston, accidentally thrust overboard from the deck of the vessel on 
 
 which he was about coming back, by a friend with whom he was trying 
 
 his skill as a wrestler, and notwithstanding all efforts to rescue him lie 
 
 was drowned. For his ancestry see memoir of John Elkantih, M.P.P. 
 
 T cannot fix the parentage of tliis? Joseph among several of the name 
 
 who can be traced.* His only son Joseph mtirried in 1771, Eleanor 
 
 Blood, and after her death, Ruth Parish, and had children : 
 
 i. Susanna, b. 1772, m. Thomas Dcdge. 
 
 ii. Solomon, b. 1774, ni. Mary Roborts : Ch. : 1, Martha, ni. David 
 Leavitt ; 2, Eliza, m. Thomas Dakin (Digby Co.); 3, Eunice, in. 
 Edmund Banks ; 4, Allen, m. — ; 6, Abraham, m. — Merritt ; 
 C, George ; 7, Levi ; 8, Lucy Ann, m. — Bryan ; 9, Solomon. 
 
 * He is certainlv one of the Josephs mentionet! in Davis' "Landmarks of 
 Plymouth," p. 190. " . 
 
MORTON— Ml'XKOK. .).).'> 
 
 iii. Oliviii, h. 17"ti, ni. Mohoh ItiiiikH. 
 
 iv. Alinilimn, ti. 177H, d. 1844, in. Miriam UohcrtK : Ch.: 1, Miutlm 
 Hull, I). JH(CJ, III. Iti.l) rt K.,.stor ; L', .losoi.li. li. 1H05, iii. Dolionih 
 Moi'Ho ; ;>, NN'illiaii), li. IH(I7, in. Mnvy Alorelioiim' ; 4, Lydin. li. 
 1«04, (I. 18(»r> ; 5, SihiH U., !>. IHOit, d. ulnoiul ; ti, Lyiliii. h. IHII; 
 7, Miiiy Aim, 1>. IHl.'i, m. Willimn Diikiii ; H, Su«un, h. 1815, in. 
 .John i)fikiii ; !», CliaileH, 1.. 1M1!» ; l(», S,uali .lime, li. 1H2:<, in. 
 Iliilioit ('<iNsiil)(>(nii ; II, .J:iiii('s W'liitiiey, 1). lK;i5, m. Sojiluii 
 MorchouHo ; 12, Dimiol D.. 1). IH"_'7, in. (lat) Ciiiiriottt; Ffirns- 
 worth, ('Jnd) Adokide .loidivii ; j:i, Elkaiia, h. IKHt, in. Kliza 
 Welch. 
 
 V. Fredonc, 1>. 17H0, in. (1st) 1800, Hiichel FariiHWoitli, (2iid) Sarah 
 VVhitinan, (.".rd) Kli/.al.oth C.iisins : Cli.: 1, Uachul, !>. 1801t, m. 
 Ahraiiain Fu.stor ; (liy liiid wil'u) : 2, Sniali, 1>. 181 1, m. Amos 
 Fall's ; 3, Daiiitd \V , 1), 1812, in. Margaret 15ass; 4, /acoheus, b. 
 I8i;{, in. Kli/.a (ioiild; Ti, Alary, li. ]81t), in. (li'orj^o Valentino; 
 (i, SiiH.tiina, li. 1818,111. William ilawkins ; 7, l{(diurt S., b. 1820, 
 m. (iaiiiiah Mnrso. 
 
 vi. Alotliua, b. 1782, m. Miriam Uolierts. 
 
 vii. F]diiiuiid, b. 1784, m. SuHaii Harris; Ch. : I, .loseph, b. 1812, m. 
 Matilda Woodbury ! 2, KK aiior IJlood, b. 1815, m. Daniel 
 Starratt ; 'A, William Fairfield, b. 1810, m. -Clark; 4, Aniii 
 Maria, b. 1818, ni. P'oster Woodbury ; o, .lames Itobert, b. IHI'.t, 
 III. Lucy (iates ; it, Joliii, b. 1821, in. Louisa Taylor ; 7, Louisa 
 b. 182:5, 111. John McXeill ; 8, Eliza, b. 182(>. 
 viii. Eleanor, b. 178(t, in. IJenjamiii Taylor. 
 
 ix. Thoiiiasine, b 1788, in. .Stephen Taylor. 
 
 X. Huldah, b. 17'J0, died with her mother, 
 liy second wife : 
 
 xi. .lames, b. 1795. 
 
 MuNROK. See memoir of LiKrx.-CoL. Hexky Muxkok, M.P.P., the 
 ancestor of tliis family. He nmrriecl 1767, Sarah Hooper, and liad 
 children : 
 
 i. George, b. 17(58, in. Lucretia Cliesley : Ch.: 1, George, m. Ann 
 Me.ssenger ; 2, Sarah, in. Ezekiel Newct>mb; and probably others. 
 
 ii. Henry, b. 1770, m. 18G(>, Elizabeth Green, b. 1782, d. 1874 : Ch. : 1, 
 Ennis, b. 1800, ni. Miriam Young ; 2, Henry, b. 1808, in. Susan 
 Young ; .'1, Maria, b 1810, unm. ; 4, Mercy, b. 1813, ni. Thomas 
 Crocker ; 5, Sarah, b. 1813, m. Charles Henry Green ; 6, Rachel, 
 b. 1815, in. Ray Hewland ; 7, Catherine, b. 1817, in. Henry 
 Smith ; 8, Margaret, b. 1817, m. Henry Dodge ; 0, Thomas 
 Green, b. 1817, ni. Rebecca Kent (these three were triplets); 10, 
 Mary, b. 1820, unni. ; 11, Elizabeth, b. 1821, m. George Young ; 
 12, Martha, b. 1823, in. John Angel ; 13, James Edward, b. 
 1820, m. (Ist) Patience Wilcox, (2nd) Dora Yates. 
 
 iii. John, b. 1772, m. 179!), Eva Bohaker : Ch. : 1, Andreas, b. 1800, 
 
 m. Phebo Messenger ; 2, John, b. 1803, m. (1st) , (2nd) 
 
 Sarah Picket ; 3, William Henry, b. 1806, m. Hannah Hall ; 4, 
 Michael Bohaker, b. 1808, m. Loretta A. Newcomh ; 5, Daniel, b. 
 1810, m. (Ist) Olivia Ann Stevens, (2nd) Elizabeth Lent ; 0, 
 Wellington, b. 1812, d. 1838 7, Foster, b. 1815, m. Caroline 
 Jarvis. 
 
 iv. Robert, b. 1774, m. 1806, Penelope Green (dau. of Thomas) : Ch. ; 
 1, Caroline, b. 1807, in. Rev. Nathaniel Vidito ; 2, Thomas, b. 
 1808, m. Tryphena Dolliver ; 3, .Tohn, b. 1809, m. Matilda 
 
o')(i MUNIlo— NKILV. 
 
 Burke ; 4, Kliznl>etli, b. IHIO, m. .lonlnn Musnungui- ; 5, Alfred, 
 b. 1812, III. Miiry Ann MHcphor.soii ; (i, VhIoiiuiio, ni. Dol)<>r.ib 
 iSiiiitli (tbui. of .liiinuH mill Kfltliur Siivery Smith, of lJi)jl>y Co,) ; 
 
 7, Milliib^u, b. 1817, il. iinin. ; 8, Sopliin, b. 1818, in. .folm 
 Mnnroo ; i», Ponelopo, b. 18^0, in. Williuin Kldi-r Thoiims ; 10, 
 Dediitb, b. 1822, in. Uiohiird Murry ; 11, (iuorfjiim, b. 182:<, ni. 
 Williuin lieiicli ; 12, Mary, b. 1825, in. Abriihiiin TlioiniiH ; 13, 
 William Hnllee, b. 1827, m. Maria .Shipley ; 14, Robert, b. 1830, 
 ni. .Snsitn Marshall. 
 
 V. David, b. 177<i, m. (1st) llhoda Simpson, (2iid) F]lizal)etli Katlierns: 
 Ch. : 1, Hobort, <l. nnin. ; 2, .lohn, in. Sophia Munroo ; •'. Uvvid 
 DavidHoii, m. Abigail WiucheHter ; 4, Sarah, d. unin. ; 5, 
 Ethelinda, ni. Daniel MeHseiiger ; (by 2iid wife) : (i, Alexander, 
 b. 18Hi, 111. Rachel Dakin ; 7, Walter, b. I81<.>, in. Julia Dakin ; 
 
 8, Lncinda, b. 1817; !>, Naney, b. 1821, unni. ; 10, Allan, b. 1823, 
 d. nnm.; 11, Rutl'ee, li. 1827, m. Froelovo Sharp ; 12, Kunice, b. 
 1825 ; 13, Paulino, b. 1H2".>, d. unin. ; 14, Helen, b. 1833, m. 
 — Stevens. 
 
 vi. Elizabeth, b. 1778, in. William Ruffee. 
 vii. Sarah, b. 1780, in. (Ist) David Hendrick, (2nd) Francis Crabb. 
 
 Neilv. Joskpii Neily, with bn)ther Houeut inui brother-in-law 
 Jaiiips Ueagh, who had marriod his sister Martha, arrived in the Province 
 about 17G5, and .spent some time near Windsor, where lie married .Jane 
 Clark, daughter of his employer, John Clark, a leading farmer there. 
 He was the son of John Neily, and was born in the north of Ireland 
 about 1745. In 176H they came to this country, and Josepii .settled on 
 the f.irm next east of the Wilniot Creek, llobert lived awhile on the 
 adjoining lot, and then removed to Walton, Hants County, Joseph had 
 children : 
 
 i. Joseph, m. 1805, Catharine Durland : Ch. : 1, Ward, b. 1807, m. 
 Caroline Young ; 2, Joseph Clark, m. Eliza M. Porter ; 3, Irene, 
 b. 1810, m. Edward Brown; 4, Harriet P., b. 1812, m. Daniel 
 North ; 5, Catharine, b. 1813, m. Moses Young ; <i, Mary, b. 1810, 
 m. Willett Gates ; 7, E. Kinsman, b. 1818, m. Charlotte Fitzran- 
 dolph ; 8, Cioorgo, b. 1820, in. Susan Banks ; 0, .James Parker, 
 b. 1822, ni. Rebecca Banks ; 10, Ann, b. 1825. m. William Hians. 
 
 ii. Ro'iert, m. (1st) 1807, Sophia Morse, (2nd) Elizabeth Gates, ti^e 
 Goucher : Ch. : 1. Susan .Jane, b. 1808, m. (1st) .James Parton, 
 (2nd). John Hard wick ; 2, .John Clark, b. 1810. m Georgina Merry ; 
 3, Sarah, b. 181.3, m. John Berteaux ; 4. Obadiah, b. 1810, m. 
 Eliza Balcoin (no issue) ; 5, Samuel Theophilus, b. 1818, m. Sarah 
 Wheolock ; 0. Robert Voorhies, b. 1820, m. lioah Burchille, d. 
 1850 ; 7, James B., b. 1823, ra. Amelia Bishop ; 8, William A., 
 b 1825, ni. Elizabeth Grant ; 0, Iiigraham Elder, b. 1828, m. 
 Mary Schafner ; 10, Adoniram Burton, b. 1831, m. Lucy Bishop. 
 
 iii. John, m. 1803, Elizabeth Du-land : Ch.: 1, Jiebulon, b. 1806, m. 
 Mary Foster ; 2, Bobjrt, b. 1807, m. Ann Woodbury ; 3, Jacob, 
 b. 1800, m. Lucy Ann Welton ; 4, George, b. 1811, m. Sarah 
 Spinney ; 5, Maria Durland, b. 1813, m. Parker VVelton ; G. 
 Susanna Inglis, b. 1810, m. William Rhodes ; 7, Andrew Inglis, 
 b. 1810, in. Lydia Saunders ; 8, John, b. 182.3, m. Helen Wilson ; 
 
 9, William, b. 1825, m. (Ist) Anne Marshall, (2nd) Eliza Jacijues ; 
 
 10, Joseph, b. 1827, m. Su.san Blair. 
 
NEILY— NICHot.S. 557 
 
 iv. (loorKo, III. (iHt) Eli/Jiliotli (JiiteH. ('Jiul) Cutliiiriiio Wivlker : Cli. : 
 
 1, Williitiii, '). iiiiiii ; 'J, Muleii, III. AiiHtiii Wultoii ; .'(, Joliii Clark, 
 III. Kiiiiico iSiiiKltonl ; (by 2ii(l wifu) : 4, (iciir^tu, in. Emily I'ltliiiur ; 
 I'l, Ai'cliilmld, III. ■luiiu Abliott ; )t. Mui'){iii'ut Ann, in. William 
 Wdodliiiry ; 7, Emily, in. .Iiiiiiua I'liinier ; H, .Imu'. in. Tlitiiiuis 
 iliiiulloy SiiuiKlurs : '.), ,lo8u|)h, in. ('diivillii W'eltoii ; 10, Kuhhii, 
 in. •Ihiiiuh Crni^. 
 
 V. I'oter, III. IHIl, Ann Wilson (of I'lirrshoio') ; Ch. : 1, .lohii. h. 1HI2 ; 
 
 2, Aiiiiii, I). 1)S1,'{, (1. iinni. ; ,1, Jitiio, li. 1815 ; 4, Aiiiiu ; o, Iliuliard 
 WIIhoii, d. uiini.; tt, Keliecca Wilson, h. IHIH. 
 
 vi. Miiry, in. iloivli liakur. 
 
 vii. Miirjiarct, ni. (Ut), — Mumford, (2iid)— . 
 
 viii. .laiiu, in. .lohii WtHt. 
 
 ix. Frniicis, in. /uliina Itoauli. 
 
 Niciloi.s. Prolwibiy the name Richunl Nichols in tlif ciipitiitidii tax 
 list of 1791 may hv nimnt foi Tiiom.as Kh'IIaimis Xiciiolh, son of VVilliain, 
 u Loyalist, who was desccudi'd from a younger son of Colonel Nichols, 
 (lovernor of New York early in the eighteenth century, and who settled 
 in Connecticut ; perhaps a giand.son. >Ie married Mary Richards. 
 Tradition says while in service on the loyal side he was taken prisoner 
 and treated with great .severity. He was much feared and dreaded by the 
 enemy, and being informed it was their design to put him to death on 
 some pretext, he jilanned an escape. He and other prisoners seized and 
 gagged the inner guard, secured his musket, overpowered all opposition, 
 and e.scalading the outer wall of the prison, Hed to the nearest forest, 
 through which they pushed toward the Delaware River, which then 
 formed the limit of the rebel lines. Finding no lM)at there, his com- 
 panions shrank from the attempt to cross the river, then filled with 
 floating ice, as fraught with certain death. " My capture will be the 
 signal of certain death to me," .said he as he sprang in, and fighting his 
 way among the ice-floes, succeeded in reaching the opposite shore, a feat 
 which caused his death a few months later from the chill he received. 
 His widow, with her three sons ad one daughter, came here in 17H3 
 with the Loyalists, and afterwards married Ezekiel Welton. Descend- 
 ants are in Kings County, Eastern Aimapolis and, I think, Digby 
 County. Another branch of this family, George K. Nichols, a nephew 
 in some way, 1 think, of Judge Wiswall, came about the same time, 
 studied law with Mr. VV'iswall while he was at Bar, and settled in Digby, 
 married a daughter of Elisha Budd, and had a son eminent in the 
 Church, Rev. Edward Elisha Budd Nichols, D.D., Rector of Liverpool. 
 William Nichols and wife, Mary Richards, had children : 
 
 i. William, d. aged 20. 
 
 ii. David, m. 1789, Sarah Dodge (dau. of Stephen) : Ch.: 1, Sarah, b. 
 1790, m. Robert Fitzraiidolph ; 2, Mary, b. 1792, in. Robert 
 Fitzrandolph ; 3, William, b. 1794, in. (Ut) Phebe Young, (2nd) 
 Mary Milbury ; 4, Amy, b. 1797, m. Henry D. Charlton ; 5, 
 
«')5iS Nh'lloKs — OAKKS. 
 
 Sti'|ilion, li. ITlHt, III. (lHt)Miii,y Idiloll'son, (-.'ihI Minuni WilkiiiH, 
 /(.. Nithuls ; ti, Kh'oIom', h, 1H(I;», d. IHl'I, tiiim. ; 7. l-ois, li, |M04, 
 III, .liiiiiiH I'ir'/.iiiit, 
 iii. 'riiitiiiaN Ki''liiirilH, III. Mury lloWiiiisoii : Cli. : I, Martinet, in. 'riiuiiiiiH 
 KiigulcH (HDii lit' .liiHi'pli) ; '_'. Kanili, il. iiiiiii. ; .'t. WiIIIhiii Kii'liiirilH, 
 III. LiiviiiJH I'lillurHi'ii : 4, Itnlit'i't, m. iVIiiria Dml^e : Tt, .lulin, 
 III. Siiriili |'iitti<rHiiii ; (>, 'riininuN, in. .Motlicii I'litturHoii ; 7. I>iiiiiul, 
 III. (lit) h)li/H MiiiHliall (iltiii. itf Siiliiinoii, Di^liy), (L'liil) Miiiiiiitli 
 llarihvii'k, in'i' Miii'sliull (no jmhidi) ; H, Klijiili, in. Murlii I'littur- 
 Hon ; <.), L'IiiiidI, III. Meliitiililt! I)ii(lt{ti ; 10, Miiry. in. liuv. Miirtiii 
 I'.iiiiliill ; II, ( ii-«ii'i.'i>. III. Miiiiittii I)<mI^('. 
 
 iv. Ituoi^'it, III. ( 'ittliHi'iiio Uiukt'tHoii : Cli.: I, Susan, in. I)uiiii!l Mnii'o ; 
 '.', Iluiiiy, III. .Villi noiitilicr : '.\, Williiiin, m. A/.iilnili Sinitli ; 4, 
 Mit'iikin, III. (1st) Aiithiinv WilkiiiH, (l'iuI) Stoplii'ii NicholH ; 5, 
 Shi'hI), III. .'iliraliHiii .Mooii' ; <' 'Jonigo. in. .\iui Spruiil. 
 
 V. Tiois. II). (Jst) .luHopli Uiig^'*''*- (^»(l) Nicliolas Ik'ukwith. 
 
 Oakks. Jksmk Oakks, a linyalisl of 178.'J, aftof a rpsidciicc of sonit' 
 yt'iiis ill |)i;,'l)y, ifinoNcd to tin- townslii|i of Annapolis, and settled near 
 l5iid).;i'to\vii, on the liinii now oi-cupicd l;y .lolin Hicks. His second wifo 
 was Uehorali hulilwin, lielieved to have liecn a sister of the Rev. .lohn 
 Ualdwin, D.I)., of l»ost'in. Henry, liis only son liy his first wife, married 
 Mary Kitzrandoljili, settled on tlie east liank of the Jo;,';,'in near Dij^hy, 
 and was the ancestor of the Difihy people of the name. IMiineas, the eldest 
 by the second wife, settled in the Distiict of New Albany ; Israel and 
 Jesse settled in l>rid;{etown, hut the former afterwards removed to 
 |{rid;{e\vatei', and tiienee to Halifa.x, Delancey Oakes, railway eontractor, 
 heiii;; one of his sons. TIk! latter died in Uridj^etown, leavin;^ an only 
 child, a son, the late Morrison Oakes, M.D. Parker Oakes, another son 
 of the [joyalist, removed to Wilmot, near Lawrejicetown. Cliiidren of 
 Jesse Oakes : 
 
 i. Henry, in. Mary Fitzrandolph : Ch. : 1, Edward noiiiy, iii. Anna 
 M. Littulle, ofNew York; 2, Kdwiii liandolph, M.I', and M.L.C, 
 m. CioDi'gina •!. M. Hratjg ; .'{, Kliza, in. Daniel Ansloy (no issue) ; 
 4, .\nno, ill. VVilliaiii Payson ; o, Adelaide M., in. IJar/.illai For- 
 syth ; (>, (Jeorge, d. tinni. 
 By second wifo ; 
 
 ii. Pliineas, d. 1854, ni. 180(5, Rachel Lovett : Ch. : 1, Pliineas Lovett, 
 m. EiiMi, liarris ; 2, Abigail, h. 1808, ni. Joseph Whitman ; ',i, 
 Jesse, b. 180i», m. Eliza Whitman ; 4, Eliz.', b. 1811, in. Edward 
 Fairn ; 6, Caroline, b. 1814, in. Arthur Harris ; (i, Mary .Jano, b. 
 1817, in. Ansloy Whitman ; 7, Charles Henry, b. 1819, m. Char- 
 lotte Parker ; 8, Louisa, in. Gordon Bishop ; 9, Deborah, ni. 
 Enoch Bishop. 
 
 iii. Parker, m. (1st) 1810, Ruth Hicks, d. 1812, (2nd) Nancy Hicks : 
 Ch.: 1, Ruth, b. 1812, in. George Bruce ; (by 2nd wife) : 2, John 
 Wellington, b. 1814, unm. ; 3, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1815, m. William 
 Bent; 4, Olivia, b. 1817, ni. William Bent; 5, Hannah, b. 1819, 
 unm.; (J, Nfincy, b. 1820, m. Edwin Nichols ; 7, Caroline, b. 1822, 
 d. unm.; 8, Millidge Rupert, d. unm. 
 
 iv, Israel, m. 1813, Maria Dickson : Ch. : 1, Robert Dickson, b. 1815, 
 
 m. Eliza Turner ; 2, William Baldwin, b. 1817, m. ; 3, 
 
 Henry Charles, b. 1820 ; 4, Stephen Delancey, m, . 
 
<t,\Ki:.s — I'AIIKKII, S5!) 
 
 V. JoiHo, III. IHII, Ciitliiiiiif .MdiriHiin : Cli. : I, Aililin Murii, li. IM|:t. 
 il uiiin. ; 'i. Ciiniiun, li IHIT), d. iiiiin. ; .'t, MnrriMun (M.|)), )> 
 IKI7, Ml. .Xuiitli'i. iliiii. of Itii'liiinl .liuiiiN, Khi|., will), ikl'ti'i' hit 
 (Ittiitli, III. I>r. •Icniiiiiu^, of lliilifitx. Tlii'li' ilitii. Mitriu, in, 
 (■i'ol';{i' |llit^illl/..'k, Hon of K. It. <);tk('H, of |)ii{hy, itliil U'livi'M ,oiit( 
 Hon, Miiri'iHoii. 
 vi. Siitli, il. iiiiiii. 
 vii. I'l-JHcillii, III. Wisstnii IliclxM. 
 
 I'.VKKKU. Ma.IOK NaTIIAMIKL I'aIIKKII, fnilll wllnin one of tlir fiiiiiilics 
 
 of the hiiiiio in tluH cotintv (Icrivt's its origin, was fjiaiKl.Mnii uf Niitlmiiidl, 
 
 of Slii«'WHl)ury, Mass., tlii(iu!,'h liis son Williain, and was liurn 174.'?, 
 
 in I JurclicMtcr, Ma.-s., and was a sdldicr in tlic l5iiti.Hli aiiny at tlic sw^v 
 
 (if <^m'lM'c. lie si'ttlrd in tliii fastcrn .section of tlm county. It is said 
 
 that for scNcral yoars tlioso that fed at his talilt- nmni)('i<'d twenty, 
 
 iiR'ludin;; two children of liis first wife. All of his sivtecn chihhen 
 
 j^rcw to adult a;,'f', married, and liad families He and liis wife weic the 
 
 fii-st persons in tlie county to receive Itaptism hy imineision, to ohtain 
 
 which tliey were ol)li;;ed to travel on horsehack (HJie on a pillion liehind 
 
 him), tlir(in;ih an immense wildnrness, tho ;(roater part of the disiance 
 
 from Annapolis to the (Jaspereaiix Valley in Kinj{s County. lie 
 
 was a leading; man ainon^' the early settlers, and had much to ihi with 
 
 the layin;; out and construction of roads and in other pulilii; atlairs. His 
 
 deHcendants aic very numerous in this county and in Kin;,'.s, amon<r 
 
 whom may he mentioned nearly (oi' perhaps ipiite) half a score of llaptist 
 
 ministers, and one if in)t two Methodist ministers, JMssidos physicians, 
 
 dentists, farmers, mechanics, manufacturers and teachers. He married 
 
 alMJUt 17(!(», Ann.i Hardy, wiio died about 1778; (2nd) Salome, dau. of 
 
 Deacon John Whitman, widow of Major Kzekiel Cleveland, and die(' 
 
 1830, liaving had children : 
 
 i. Williiini, b. iihout 1770, ni. 17i>0, Lydiii Benjnmin, lived in Ayles- 
 ford, and had cli.: 1, Silas, h. Doe., I7!'0, in. Nancy Haleoin, and 
 d. 18(M): 2, Mary, b. 17!>2, m. (Ist) Job Randall, (2nd) .lo.suph 
 Wado; 3, Deacon Abol, b. Nov. 8, 17!KJ, in. Jan. 25, 1821, lived 
 in IJerwiuk ; 4, Siiloine, b. Sept. 2, 17!><i, m. Feb. 25, I82.'{, .lonas, 
 8on of Henry Halconi ; 5, Miriam, b. Se{)t. 1, 17!>!l, m. (1st) 
 William Chase, (2nd) Foster Chute ; 0, Rev. Obed, b. Nov. 24, 
 1803, ni. (Ist) Hannah Maria Morse, (2nd) Jan. 24, 18;{7, Mary, 
 dau. of Reuben Balconi. Ho d. July 1, 18!(0 ; 7, Susanna, b. 
 Nov. 24, 1805, in. Daniel Morse, jun. ; 8, Edward, b. March 1, 
 1808, m. Evalina, dau. of .John VV. Morse ; 0, Nathaniel, b. Oct. 
 14, 1810, d. July 18, 1880 ; 10, Rev. James, b. Aug. 25, 181.S, ni. 
 .July 12, 1842, Phel)e, dau. of Zebulon, and g. dau. of Daniel 
 Durland, d. Jan. 2(5, 187«i. 
 ii. Nathaniel, b. 1772, ni. (Ist) 170!), Diadama Morse (dau. of Capt. 
 Abnor), (2n<l) 1855, Sarah Ann, dau. of Stephen Parker, wid. of 
 George Harris, lived at Bear River, and d. 18()0, having had ch. : 1, 
 Al)ner, m. Helen, dau. of Church Morse, d. 1873 ; 2, Edward, ni. 
 Betsey, dau. of Henry Balcoin, d. 1870 ; 3, Alfred, m. Charlotte 
 McGee ; 4, Lucy, m. Samuel Balcom ; 5, William, m. (Ist) Eliza, 
 dau. of Foster Woodbury, jun., (2nd) John, son of Jesse Viditoe ; 
 
r>»i() PAUKEK, 
 
 <!, Ilurric^t, in. .loliii, moii of Sliippy S|)iirr ; 7, Niitlmiiiisl, in. Ann 
 hiik(!r ; H, Mnry, d. a. 18; !>, liitniuiniii iinnly, in. AI)iKHil, dun. 
 of Al(!x. MorHi! ; |(», Jiiliii, in. Miiietta, dau. of Alex. MorHo ; II, 
 Kli/.iil)ot)i A., III. .Iiu!i)l) Wood, 
 iii. Alloii or .Allium, l». 1774, in. Iliiiiniili Moin« ('dnii. of Abiier iirid jj[. 
 dan. of OWadiah), d. IH7I : (-'li.: I, St(i|.li(iti, 1>. IH(»2, d. niiin. ; 'J, 
 Dc^idiiiniji, t>. IHO!!, m. KnouJi I'ari.sli ; :i, Klizal.oth, li. ]Hii',, in. 
 Kz-okiol l5a:ikH;4, Hacliol, 1., IH(t7, in. ; 5, Daiiiid, b. IKII, d. 
 illiln. IHH;-. ; 0, llandloy, 1.. |H| I, in.; 7, Willard (1., I.. IHUJ, in. 
 Lois NidiolH l{nKi,di!H ; H, Olinn^li, li. IH20, in.; !», Sopliia, h. 1822, 
 in. Ili^iiry Kwiny ; 10, Anilrcw IV, I). 1824; 11, I'ov. W anon 
 FiOiiiiltiy, li. I82f>, in. Sarah Ewiiii; ; 12, Miriam, d. uiiiii.; 
 1>'>, liydiii, d. iinin. 
 iv. Mary, b, I77i'», in. Daniol r.cnjainiii, IForton, N.S. 
 V. Miriam, b. 177*>, in. Klias (iravtis. 5 cli. 
 vi. Lucy, b. 1778, m. Duacon ('itpliaH VVollon, 7 cli. 
 
 |{y Hucoiid wifi! : 
 vii. Henry, l>. 1780, in. (Ist.) Kluanor Starratt, (2iid) Sophia F'reiitiss, 
 )(»■'(■ 'rn|i|i(!r : CAi,: 1, (h-.nrni'. Starratt, in. Hut) Abij^ail I'ay/ant, 
 (2iid) Susan Smith ; 2, Matihia ( Miristophtir ; .'!, Ilarvt^y, d. num.; 
 4. Sajciiiif, d nnin.; .">, F]valina, li. unm.; (by 2nil wife) : (J, Lydia, 
 III. F*'idward ( 'hiisloplier ; 7, l'il''aiior, m. William T. CliriHtophor ; 
 8, Sophia, m. Klmit.hari Christopher; !♦, (Jharlotte, [m. Charles 
 Oaki'H. 
 viii. Kli/.ab>th, b. 1781, m. I8(KI, (1st) Church Mor.se, !t c.h., (2nd) Samuel 
 Foleh. 
 ix. F'ariiio, h. 178:5, in. 1801, Abel VVIieehick, ch. 
 X. Freno, b. 178.'), m. FFu({h, son of F'atrick (Jrimes, d. 182.'{, 10 eh. 
 xi. Mittio, b. 1788, m. .Fohn VVheeloek. 
 xii. Fiovefry, b. 17!I0, in. (1st) F'.eriah IJent, (2iid), 1828, Sinn-on 
 
 F<Ve(n;aii. 
 xiii. (Jharlotte, b. i7!'2, in. FJeacon /oeth F'Veeinan, •> eh. 
 .\iv. F^etitia, b I7!*4, in. F)aiiiel (or Flonald) .VFcriierHoii, ch. 
 XV. Flcv. Maynard, b. 17!tr», m. (Ut) 1821, Catharine Spiirr, (2iid) Mar- 
 
 f^aret (Miller) Norwell, d. 18(;0 N! eh. 
 xvi. Maria, b. 1800, m. Doacoii l/Utlior Fjeadbetter, d. 1874, 5 ch. 
 
 Aiii.iAH J'aukkk, our autlior tliii.I;.s, jiroliably oaiiic, from FiUn(!iil)Ui'g, 
 Worcfister County, Mas.s., to Novfi Scotia : liut be that as it may, lie was 
 (loHcondant of a branch of the Parker family, early settitid in (Jroton, 
 Middlesex (Joiinty, \Fn.ss., his fatlier beiri<{ Obadiali, ;;randf'a(li(!r Natlian- 
 icd, and ^^n^at grandfather Thoinas. FFe was ariioni; the, early .s('ttleis in 
 (Sranville, and in 17GI married Miriam .Folinson, widow of 'I'imothy 
 Kicket.son. He, aecuinulatful a considerable i-stat.e (including seveivil 
 seven and four'te('n acre, marsh lots) in the IJelleisle l)istrict and in 
 Wilmot, and died in 17K0. One of his soriH built the first brick dwelling 
 in the townsliip, whi<!h still stands. His sons Isaac and Timothy .settled 
 in Wilmot. Children : 
 
 i. Abijah, b. I7<it>, m. I78!», f.ydia Fialcom : Ch. : 1, Stejilien, b. 17!»(), 
 Sarah (lilliatt ; 2, Amelia, b. 17!>1, m. Michael Oilliatt ; .S, Sarah, 
 b. 17!>.'l, 111. (»eor£{0 Harris ; 4, Samuel, b 17!''"», m. Mary Mes- 
 senger; 5, Abijah, b, I7!*8, d. unm. ; (J, Abodnego, b. 1800, in. Sarah 
 Hrefiiiati ; 7, Marsdeii, m. Maria Flalllday : 8, Mary, m. .Jacob 
 Stark ; !>, Kli/.abeth, in. John (Jarter. 
 
I'AliKKIl— I'lIINNKV. .')♦)! 
 
 ii. Ali(^ilii('!,'o, l>. 17<>H, in. IH((.'t, I/iicy ISulcoiii : CU.: t, SnKUiiim, h. 
 IHiiJ, III. Cer.r^C! Truiij) ; 2, Willx'-rt, li. IH(Mi. in. (Jlmrli.ttc liico ; 
 ;{, 'riiiKitliy, 1>. IKOK, III. ; 4, .Inna.s, in. .Iiiiid I>(iii({liiH ; i"), Olm- 
 diiili, III. S(i|>liiH h't^llowH ; (i, Siimhh, hi. - ; 7, M/u-y Ann, in. 
 .)niiii!H I)iiii^Ihh ; H, Willjain in. Ilrliuccii (JliriHloplicr. 
 iii. .Iitiniis, in. (\M.) IT'-T), lljiiiiiiih Yniini^ (no jmhiii!), (2n(l) Mary Chute, 
 iii'f Kducii. 
 
 iv. Tiinottiy, in. IH(M», Mury Ann i\I(;(;r<!ji;((r : (^li.: I, Jolin, 1>. 1801, 
 III.; 2, .Ihiiioh, Ii. |H0:!, m, Miiry Slucnin ; .'{, ^iv.<>r^:,l^ llarv"y. b. 
 IK(»;», III. Mary Ann V'cmni,' ; 4, Stiaihadi, li. IKO!», ni Sarali Ann 
 Ainticrinaii ; ."•, Mary Ann, li. IKII, in. I'n'Hcitl. ; (J, Mai'tjaref. 
 Foil, li. IK).'! ; 7, llohiti, I., IKir> ; K, llaiinali, h. IHIK, m. Israi^ 
 Y(.nn« ; 't, Kr/.iali, h. IH2I, «1. iiiiiii. 
 
 V. Olmliali, b. I77i'», in. (1st; Ki'/.iali Moihc, (2n<l) Klizabi't.li, dun. of 
 .lohn r.atli : Cli.: I, Al)ij,'ail, in Ainliro.si! Ucidtji^ ''l)y 2iid wifo;: 
 '2, John I'.dth, h. IKOt, III. IMiidH-, dan. of .lames Kat.oii ; '.'>, Kv/.mh, 
 \). 1805, d. iiiiiii.; 1, Kulicrt, li. |K()!», in. Sarah, dan. of .John Hunt 
 (no isHiio) ; Charh's W., \>, IHII, m. Marf^Mrot, dan. of Ahner 
 Troop ; !•, Aiiit)roH(\ h. 1812, in. Hoiatia, <hin. of .laiiK^H St(!ad- 
 niaii ; 7, Taiiiar, h. 1814, in. .loiiathan Amhir.Kon ; 8, llarritit, I). 
 1817, III. (JiMirKt), .son of Sainnol Uodi^i^ ; !(, Ohadiali, jnii., \>. 1822, 
 .!i, Mnrilla, dan. of Stcidnin \U:ul ■ HI, K.^ziah, K. 1821. Ohadiah, 
 jnn., wa.s falh<:r of .1. (i. IlK.wniAK I'aiikki;, harrJHter. 
 
 vi. Hannah, in. William Yoiini,'. 
 vii. Miriaii., in. <)orihin Uickotson. 
 
 PiilNM'.v. Thi.s family is prohnldy «lcHc(!n<If'(l from ono of the; cfirJicst 
 ,s('t.tl(!rs of I'lyinouth, Mass. The ancestor' is jiorliaps .loliii or Rolicit. 
 Kinney, Iwth of whom caiiKi from lOn^laiid with thoir rnotlmr in Ifi.'JH, arni 
 wi'vo t\u' anceHtor.s of a vtM-y nmncirouH postnrity. (S(!o Davis' " I.andmarkH 
 of Piyinout.li," App., p. 100.) Isaac I'iiinnkv, the pro^'cnitor of oik; of 
 th(' families of the iiaiiK; in this county, was liorn at ISarristahle, ('ape 
 Coil, in 17.'51*, ii.iiil caiiK! t,o (■ranvilie in 17')0. About tlu; same time came 
 Zac(!IIKUh Pimn.nky, who was lioiri in 1720, said hy .soiik! to have lioen n, 
 cousin, hy others a nephew, of Isaac. II(? was won of itenjatnin, L;ran<l.soii 
 of .lolm, f^reat-^raiMlson of .lohn, and ^i'eat-;^feat f^ranilson of .lohn, who 
 was at Scituatf!, JVlass., aliout Hi.'JO, and may havfs been the .John Finney 
 of 1(138. fsaac m.'irriiid, 17').'5, Ann 'Phomas, of Welsh ori;,'in. Soiih; 
 y(!ars later /acciikiis married Loi^ Starratt-, aii'l removed lo Paradise 
 [)iHtrict, where he settled and reared his children : 
 
 i. .lainiis, III. Mary Sproulo : (!h.: I, Susan, h. 1802, in. Solomon 
 
 Fosti:r; 2, Martha, h. 1804, in. Ilandley Chute ; .'!, Mary Ann, h. 
 
 I80(), III. Conrad ; 4, ZacchciiH, h. 18(18, in. Klizaheth Clark ; 
 
 r», .lohn, h 1810, III. Melon Starratt : <i, Kleanor (or llo'cii), h. 
 
 1812 ; 7, Hannah, h. 1814 ; 8, I.ois, h. 1815, in. William Spiirr ; 
 
 !», /ciuiah, h. 1817, 111. ; 10, Klijah. h. 18|!l, m. Mary E. 
 
 FoKtcr ; 11, Sarali, h. 1820, in. (Jilhort Hill ; 12, Jaiiius, h. 1822, 
 
 (I. unni. 
 ii. lioiH, III. .lohn AriiiHtron<{. 
 
 iii. Mary, m. C'iduh SchafniT. — 
 
 iv. llacho', in. Ahrahaiii l>owlhy. 
 V. F.llen, III. Calvin Marshall. 
 
 .'t(! 
 
"><)2 I'lllWKV- -I'K'Kll'. 
 
 vi. Calvin, in. (Isl) Miiiia |{iiiiis4!y, (linil) Miirtlui Sprou'ci, ni'r IJowlWy : 
 
 Oh.: I, Williiiiii. Ii. IH2;», III Miirt,li;i<iriivos ; 1', Ann, I.. IML'7, m. 
 
 iMriii'l lU^nl, ; '.'>, ISonjiiiniii, li. IH2!), il. iiiiiii. ; 4, Amy, li. IKIJl, in. 
 
 Alfred (Jluik ; Ti, Maria, I). |.s;i4, uiiin. 
 vii. liiiriiiiliiiH, III. Int) Hniiicn Wrnl, ('Jiidj Ann I'lowlliy : Cli.: 1, .Ihiiich, 
 
 III. Anieliii Miirni^ ; '_', ('aii!l( S., in. (1st,) Mary lliirriH, (2nd) Liiviniii 
 
 Uoiit ; (.'!) (ionr;,'(! 15., d. iiniii. 
 viii. Ann, in. •Iiuiich Arinstroiii^. 
 
 Fma.m: PiirNNi'.Y, liiirii fit, liiirii.stuhlc in l7-'50, niariicd in 17f!.'5, Ann 
 'I'lidinas, and s<'t,t,lf,(l on a lot, in (iiativillc, iiliout, midway iH't.wccn l>ridjj;<'- 
 town and IicIIcmsIc. His nanii! liaw Ik'cii <^\vot\ to a scftion of t,li(! Norlli 
 Mountain lyin^ t.o tlif northward of liis dwc^llinj,', tlic " IMiinm-y Moiin 
 lain," and in tlic town.ship of W'ihnot, a similar w^cfcion of tlii.s raii;{n of 
 liills, (»ii(!c c;alli'd " I{iii^i^1ch' Mountain," is now called " Pliinncy Moun 
 tain " aft.cr on«! of his sons. ('Iiildrcn : 
 
 i. Muhitiil)lo, I). I7<>4, in. Hnlofl' HiiloflHdii. 
 
 ii. ThdiiiaH, h. I7'ir», ni. I7H<>, IMi:hitiil>li^ h'oster, who was ]>. I7<>4, d. 
 l«riH : Ch. : I, iHaac, h. I7H7, d. IH(J7, in. ( Ist) Sarah r.i.rdon, 
 (L'nd) Cynthia Wilk'tt, //.-• Tr.M.|i ; 2, William, 1.. I7H!>, d. IH77, 
 ni.(l.st) IHI.'t, |{()l)(!cca Starratt, (2nd) Mary Marsliull, /«'«■ lUinnctt ; 
 :i, Ann, t>. I7!»l, d. I7!>4 ; 4, Cynthia, l)."l7'.»;!, ni, 'riiomaH Hors- 
 liold ; 5, l<;iizal)(Mli, I.. I7!>r., d. i7!»<! ; <',, Ann, 1. I7!>7, m. William 
 Walkor ; 7, Wal! r W., 1.. I7!t!>, d. IH'Jt;, iinm. ; K, Carolinu, ii. 
 IH(»|, (1. |K(j:t, I,- David Dill; !», Klizalu^tli, h. IWKi, m. Daniid 
 Fiiicdi ; l(», 1'liiriivi.s I' IHtlH, in. .Ifriinlia A. Fostor. 
 
 iii. Lot, h. I7(>7, m. (1st; l7Ht>, Kli/.al)i;th Diirland, (2nd) Ann Chesley, 
 iii'o Dodgu : Cli. : I, Klijah, h. 1787, m. (ist) Amelia Mcs^onf^ur, 
 (2nd) McHSDiigor ; 2,' /eliiilon, 1). I7H!», m. (Ist) Hannah 
 llotiortH, (2\u\} .Aliigail Lovdlt ; ;!, liiiwrenci!, in. (Ist) IH2I, Sarah 
 Itowlby, (2nd) Carolino .Morso ; 4, Stt!|ilit!ii, I). I7!>2, m. .lano 
 D'Anry ; 5, Li,vi, m. (Ist; Until (Jatc.t, (2iid) Kli/.aheth Marshall ; 
 <i, .John, (I. iinm. ; 7, At)i<<ail. h. I71'4, ni. WoIIh CoiiKdon ; 8, 
 Kli/abuth, III. •Iiihn Stttplu^nson ; !>, Mary, m. William Dodgo 
 (his 2nd wife) ; 10, Aim, m. .John W. .I.imcs. 
 
 iv. Levi, li. I7'ii*, wont to MaHs., no further rec-ord. 
 
 V. Ahigail, li. 1771, m. Walter Willott. 
 
 vi. Klijah, 1.. J77;!, m. I7!»<), Ho|)/.ihali Che«ley : C'-. : I, Stephen A., 
 I). I7!'7, d. unm. ; 2, liot, 1>. 17'»H, d. num. ; .'i, JUmjamin, m. 
 (hi) Olivia Sangster, (2nd) Mary Unrn.s ; 4, Mari^arot, m. Haiidley 
 Tupper ; o, Aim Felix MeNeill ; (!, Kllen, m. Fraiieis D'Arcy ; 7, 
 Dnidamia, m. .lohn Shaw; H, Mary, in. (Ist) Israel Miller, (2nd) 
 William Shaw ; it, Sarah, iii. lienjamin Sangster ; ll>, Harriet, 
 ni. William Shaw; 11, Elij ih, in. (Ist) Lydia MiiHters, (2nd) 
 Abif^ail Newcoml). 
 vii. DoBiiih, b. 177<>, m. David Shaw. 
 
 Pickup. SAMnKfi PicKri' scrvod in tho 38th ref^inuMit, from whicihho 
 retired in ITH.'i, and threw in his lot with tlm Loyalists. At the time of lu.s 
 arrival liciio he liad boon married eij^dit years, and had four ohiidifin. In 
 the muster ioIIh of 1784 he is said to l)e doiniciied in the townsliip of 
 Annapolis, as h(! still was in 1792, Imt lu^jirohahiy dicnl in Chiments, wlmre 
 his son George, married and settled. 'J'he first two generations of tlm 
 
I'lCKIi' -I'OTTKII. .">().*{ 
 
 I'uiiiily \v>'\-i' il(>vol(;(| |() t'afiniiii^, l»iit. tJio su('(!(M'(liin{ ones Imvc foiiiid a 
 iriort! I'oii^'citifil |)ur.siiil, in iiKircdiilJIt! and Hliij)|)iii^ Ic.isiiicsH. William 
 I >. I'ickiip, uf Si, .loliM, N.l'i., and [iondon, I'Irij,'., died sonic \<'arsaj^(» 
 Inaviii;,' cutisidciaWIf! I'oitiinc, wliilo Ids ijiotlicr Sannud c^ariicd on an 
 (iXl.cnsivc sliip-ltnildin^ and sliippin;; hnsincsH at, (!r'anvill<^ l^'vvy for many 
 ycar.s. Tln^ .son of tlir lat.ti'c, Saniin'l \N'. W. Pi(;i<u|), l-iSi],, oF tlin samn 
 plai'f, a mcmlM!!' of I lie niiirncipal coimiimI, is i,\n'. pr'(is(^nt. lii'ad of tlws 
 family. Samuel I'ickiip, \]u' LoyaliHl, married, 1771, Mary JJrown, and 
 liad <;liildreii : 
 
 i. (JoDri^e. I). I77'">, 111. 17'I7, Sarah IShIcdiii, and liad oh. : I, SiiHaii, h. 
 I7!»H, (1. IKICt, III. ; '-', Mary, h. JHOO, in. .laiiicH Randall ; :t, 
 Kli/.alxtlh, 1). I>n.'{, III. William .Jones ; 4, (U'.ovm', d. imiii. 
 ii. William, I). :'"77. m. IHi>:i, Sarah 'I'iiidiurlako. 
 iii. Murj».irt!t , I). I7*-'*, m. — Mor^'aii. 
 
 iv. .Saiiiiii^l, I). 17^;!, III. IHIO, .Ijint! Dewlap, and had eh. • I, Sarah Ann, 
 \>. IKII, 111. .lohn Koop, jiiii. ; '„', William [)., Ii. JKi:!, d. iiniii. in 
 KiiKiaiid ; .'i, .laiiici, I). IH|,-t, d. (alirnad) num. ; 4, (Jeortjii, 1). 
 IHI7, il. uiim ; 5, Saiiiiiul, I.. IHlH, in. (Ist) Hauhel Uay,'(2n(l) 
 Celiiia Willett. 
 V. .laiiiuH, I). i7W. d. imiii. 
 \i. .Iani>, III. John Koop, soii. 
 
 PoTTKU. The Jo.sKi'ir PoTTKit wlio look rnfu},'e, lion! from tlie (lari;^(Ms 
 and evils of the, revoliit.ionai'v' war, appears to liave lived only fonr years 
 after the peace of llX'.'i. Mis son .Joseph must liav(! ixjeri in the valley as 
 oiirly as I 772, for lie in that year married Mary Karnsworlh, wlio altliouj^li 
 liorii ill Massacliu.sel.ts, had then Ikmwi t,\velv(i years in the eoiiiity. 
 [{(•njaiiiiii was in llieeounty in 1774. It .seems jirolialile that their fathcM- 
 earn*! here about 1770. (Nicholas and Rfdiert Potter, supposed to he .sons 
 of Hohert. Potter, camo to Lynn, Mass., aliout 10.31. Robert boing perse- 
 cute,d as a Quaki-r, iiiovimI to IUiod(! Island, where he founded tlio town 
 of Warwick, lie was prolialily t.lm ancestor of liishop I'otter, of N(!w 
 York. Nicholas lia<l a s<m liobert born befoici KJ.'JO. I le married, Jan. 
 25, IfifiO, Huth, sixth child of Robert and Phobe Driver, of Lynn. Il(! 
 had a son llobeit born March 18, 16<>1, who married, 1082, Martha ITale, 
 and had son I'iphraim. I'lpliraim was the fatluif of .Joseph Potter above 
 mentioned who was born in Marlboro,' Middhssex County, Mass., Feb. .'}, 
 17i:5, married H.'Jn, and died April I, 171)1. This I take from the 
 " (;hul,e Oenealogi(!S." — Kd.) I1«! had ciiildren : 
 
 i. Mary, h. .July.'}, 17:!ti. 
 
 il. Hetty, V). .Iiiiic 22, l7.'iK, in. (Joudoy. 
 
 (2) iii. .Joseph, b. Au«. 2.'J, 1741. 
 
 iv. Robert, b. Nov. 7, 1745. 
 
 (;t) V. Renjumin, 1). Miiy !», 174!». 
 
 vi. Eheii, b. Au«. II, 1751. 
 
 vii. Sarah, b. Nov. 21, 175;«. 
 
 viii. .Tohn, b. March .'J I, 1757- 
 
 ix. Ueubon, b. Doc.!*, 175!>. 
 
564 porrER. 
 
 2. JosKPH PoTTKH, bom in Marlljoro', Mass., Aug. 23, 1741, m. (1st) 
 
 1761, Zebudah Hadyn, (2n(l) in Nova Scotia, IMary Fainsworth. Mr. 
 
 Potter volunteered into military service in a regiment raised by Governor 
 
 Sliirley, and commanded by Col. Jonathan Bailej', and was at the battle 
 
 of Ticondcroga, July 8, 17r)8, where Lord Howe was killed. (See Pari<- 
 
 man's " Montcalm and Wolfe," p. 97). After the revolution he was 
 
 active in promoting the operations of the iron mines at Clementsport, 
 
 Children : 
 
 i. Aaron, b. .July 11, 17<J2, d. young. 
 
 ii. Israel, b. July, 17<iI3, »»• Jan. 7, 1780, Mary, dau. of Cupt. .lohn 
 Rice, and became a zealous and faitliful preacher of the (ios))el in 
 the Baptist comniunion : Cli. : 1, Aaron, b. Sept. 'A, 1780, ni. 
 Susanna, dau. of Anthony Purdy ; 2, /ebudah, b. March 22, 
 1788, lu. 1807, .losiah Spurr ; ;$. Rev. Israel, jun., b. Jan. 7, 17«0, 
 m. Catharine, dau. of John Ditniars ; 4, Jului, b. .Ian. 17, 17*.>2, 
 nj. (1st) Mary, uau. of .lohn Balcoin, (2nd) Maria Marshall ; 
 
 5, Joseph, b. Jan. 31, 1794, ni. Marg.aret, dau. of .I(jhn Balconi ; 
 
 6, Mary, b. May 10, 17!K>, m. .Fames Balcom ; 7, Sarah, b. Dec, 
 1708, m. Josiah Spurr (his 2nd wife) ; 8, Fanny, b. .Ian. 11, 1800 ; 
 
 9, James Maiming, b. April 7, 18()2,'m. (1st) Sylvia, dau. of Ben- 
 jamin Harris, (2nd) Caroline, dau of Benjamin Wilson, St. John ; 
 
 10, Jacob, b. Feb. 10, 1804, m. (Ist) Catharine VVarne, (2iid) 
 Maria Cook ; 11, Susanna, b. Feb. 10, 1804, m. Henry Watkeys ; 
 12, Ann, m. Rev. .1. B. Cogswell ; 13, Josiah Spurr, b. Feb. 22, 
 1810, m. (1st) Louisa, dau. of Edward Berteaux, (2nd) Naomi (J. 
 Brown, widow of Eliakim Bent ; 14, Zeruiah, b. Dec. 24, 1812, 
 m. Thomas, son of Jonathan Hurd ; 15, Isaiah S., b. Oct. 9, 1814, 
 m. Sarah A. LeCain. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. Feb. 7, 1700, m. John, son of Matthias Rice. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. June 14, 1773, m. (1st) 17!><i. Lois Hadyn, (2nd) DHve, 
 dau. of John Balcom: Ch. ; 1, Warren, b. .luly 1."j, 17!t7. 
 m. Martha Lewis, of L(mg Island, N.S. ; 2, Sophia, h. March 2."), 
 1799, m. Abel Chute ; 3, Eliza, b. Aug. 7, 1801, m. John Chute 
 (son of Thomas) ; 4, Loui.sa, b. March 3, 1804, m. Feh. 0, 1825, 
 .lames Purdy ; 5. Joseph Lyman, b. May 30, 1807, m. Lydia 
 Witt; 0, William Franklin, i>. Oct. 16, 1809, m. (Ist) Mary Ann, 
 dau. of William Gilliatt, (2nd) Mrs. Phehe Kennedy, tire German ; 
 
 7, Mary, b. Jan. 2:{, 1811, m. (1st) Asahel Howard, (2nd) Solomon, 
 son of Georsje Bowlby ; 8, Sally, b. March 0, 1814, m. Israel, son 
 of William Gilliatt ; 9, Silas, b. Nov. 5, 181(i, m. Catharine, dau. 
 of Thom.is (Jidi.att. 
 
 V. Samuel, b. Dec. 9, 1774. 
 
 vi. Sarah, b. Aug. 4, 1770, m. John Dyer, and went to Marietta, Ohio, 
 vii. Benjamin, b. Dec. 11, 1777, m. .lane, dau. of Abraham Spurr, 
 d. June, 1801 : Ch. : 1, Eliza, b. 1799, m. Caleb Soulice (Sulis)of 
 French Huguenot extraction ; 2, Thoma&, b. April 1, 1800, 
 m. Sarah A., dau. of .leremiah S..111.I1, jun. ; 3, .lohn L., m. 
 Caroline Hunt (dau. of Elijah, and sister of Rev. Abraham S.); 
 4, William F., b. about 1804, m. Abigail O., dau. of Caj-t. 
 Simpson ; 5, Henry, b. about 1807, m. Polly Rice (dau. of Silas); 
 0, Cynthia, b. about 1810, m. William .Jones, jun. ; 7, .Jane, 
 b. about 1812, m. John, son of Jeremiah Ditmars ; 8, .lames M., 
 b. about 1815, m. Elizabeth Sharp ; 9, Edward W., b. about 1818, 
 m. Abigail Sulis ; 10, Emmeline, b. about 1822, m. George S. 
 Sulis. 
 viii. Lydia, b. Oct. 29, 1779, m. 1801, Williani Gilliatt, jun. 
 
I'orrKU— iMUNCE. 565 
 
 ix. Fnmkliii, b. April 28, 1781, m. (1st) Cynthia Boice, (2nd) Abigail 
 O'Hiieii. C'ird) Mrs. Durkoe, jcV llobbins, of Yarmouth: Ch. : 
 1, (luorgc Hoico, b. 180", ni. 8araii Payson, was many years a 
 .1.1'., and some years Warden of Dis^by County; 2, Mary Ann, 
 m. Holland I'ayson ; 3, Mehitable, ni. Ethel Davis ; 4, William, 
 ni. Ann Welch ; 5. Joseph J., d. at sea ; (), Edward .J., m. Ellen 
 Houdreau, an Acadian French lady, posterity in (.lare ; 7, Charles 
 .1., m. Cynthia White; 8, Franklin, m. Rachel I'ayson; i), Cynthia, 
 m. .lohn D. Southern; 10, Thomas Rankin, d. in West Indies; 11, 
 Phebe Susan, ni. Joseph Southern. 
 X. Martha, b. April It, 178;{, m Thomas Rice. 
 
 xi. Susan, b. Feb. 18, 1785, m. John Cilliatb. 
 
 xii. Esther, b. March IB, 1787, ni. (1st) 180!», John Armstrong, (^nil) 
 Stephen Taylor. 
 
 '^. Bkn.i.\mi\ Potter, h. in Marlboro', Mass., Maj' 1), 1749, m. 1773, 
 Sarali Angier, and died in Clements, January K'-, 1823. Children; 
 
 i. Hannah, b. 1774, in. John Burns. 
 
 ii. Sarah, b. 177<'>. 
 
 iii. Mary E., b. 1778, ni. David Spinney. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. April*."), 1781, m. 1811, Susan, dau. of Samuel Cutting, 
 
 and settled in Franiinghan), Mass. 
 V. Louisa, b. .luly 22, 1784, m. Jonathan Milner. 
 
 vi. Asa, b. 1786. 
 
 vii. Benjamin, b. Aug. 10, 178J», ni. Jan. 21, 1811, Ruth Woare, d. Nov. 
 27, 1H.")0 : Ch. : 1, Phebe, b. Aug. 1811, m. John, son of Philip 
 Lightizer ; 2, Ann, b. June 24, 1813, m. Elijah, son of James 
 Berry; .S, Sarah P]., b. May 14, 181.5, m. Edw. J. Wood worth ; 
 4, Asa, b. April 30, 1817. ni. Jan. 1, 1847, Elizabeth, dau. of 
 Abraham Bowlby ; ."), Emnieline, b. Sept. 7, 1819, m. .Joseph 
 Weare Bobbins ; 0, Deacon Ezra, b. Oct. 20, 1821, m. Zebuda, 
 dau. of Aaron Potter; 7, .lohn, b. Oct., 1823, ni. Elche, dau. of 
 Thomas llilncr ; 8, Maria, b. March 24, 1825, ni. John Henry 
 Lecain ; !t, Rebecca, b. .lune 13, 1827, ni. Aaron Potter, jun. ; 
 10, Benjamin, b. .June 10, 1830, m. Mary, dau. of Joseph 
 Lightizer; 11, Ruth, b. Nov., ISJJo, m. John Henry Milner. 
 
 Pi.'NCE. See memoir of Christopher Prince, M.P.P. He was descended 
 in the fourMi ifeneration from John' Prince, b. 1610, student at Oxford, 
 son of Rev. .John, of East Shefford, Berkshire, through Thomas,-' Job.'' 
 John' came to Cambridge, Mass, 1633, thence to Hull, and d. 1676. 
 Christopher married (Ist) Mary Foster, (2nd) Ann Payson, and had 
 children : 
 
 i. Benjamin, a Doctor of Medicine, m. Jerusha Tupper ; went to New 
 York. 
 
 ii. John, m. (abroad), 
 iii. Granville, drowned, unm. 
 iv. Sarah, in. Samuel Randall. 
 By .second wife : 
 
 v. Christopher Kimb ' .n. A .n Johnston: Ch. : 1, Olivia Sophia, 
 b. 181(5, ni. Ge... ; Leavitt ; 2, Mary Ann, b. 1818, m. Abner 
 Parsons ; 3, Joim Christojihor, b. 1820, m. Henrietta Fairn ; 
 4, S.irah Ann, b. 1822, m. I.sa.ic Chute ; 5, Benjamin, b. 1824, 
 ni. Harriet A. Bishop ; (5, Christopher Kimball, jun., b. 1826, 
 d. 1828 ; 7, George Johnston, b. 1827, d. 18:20. 
 
660 l'ltIN(;E— ITKDV. 
 
 vi. Elixnbeth, in. (Int) VVilliiiin Cd^iioy. (2ii<l) Kdwiird Wliitniiin, jiiii. 
 The Imrial of a Win. I'riiico, iiyod 80, is foiiiul in tlie church 
 records, Anniv]i()lis. Ai)ril JU), IH'J!(. 
 
 PuuDY. TIh! Punlys of Anmipolis iiixl I)i;{l»_v countit s oanii! of sturdy 
 and sterling Loyalist stock, inany of tli<' nani«^ liaviii;^ left a \ory honor- 
 able record on that side of the revolutionary struiifflc. (Sect "Sahiiif's 
 Loyalists.") Gaiiiuki-, the- iiinncdiatc! anfcstor t)f this hranch, liclongt'd to 
 tlu! Province of N(!W York. (He was (h^scendi-d in the fourth iiencration 
 from Francis Purdy who died at Kairlield, ('onn., in KiHS, through the 
 latt(;r's son Francis and grand.son Samuel.— Ei».) Two of his sfins, 
 Anthony and Josiah, wei-e grantee.s in ilw townshi[> of Clements, (Mf^cted 
 in 1784. (Jabriel, who held tin; commission of captain, was hoiii in 17-1, 
 and died in 180)5. Jle married IJethiah Miller in New York, and had 
 children : 
 
 i. (floriana, h. 1747, ni. Dr. A/.or Uetts. 
 
 ii. James, \> 174!», d. i74!>. 
 
 iii. \lahriel, I). 1750, d. 17'">2. 
 
 iv. Sanmel, h. J7<">'2, d. 1708. 
 V. (iahriul, h. 1705, ni. Jane — . 
 
 vi. Anthony, h. 1757, ni. 1784, Frances RuBsell ; Ch : 1, Gloriana, h. 
 1785. d. unm. ; 2, Susanna, 1), 1787, ni. Aaron Potter ; '.i, liuthiah, 
 I). 1790, m. John Hurritt ; 4, (Jabriel, I). 17'J2, m. Jane Ward ; 
 5, Ann, 1». 17'.'4, d. unni. ; (5, James Russell, h. 17!'!), m. (1st) 
 Louisii Potter, (2nd) Eliza Ann (Jilliatt, (■ird) Kunice Harris, h^k 
 Morse; 7. Eli,,rtl.eth, 1.. 1801, d. unm.; 8, Josiah, 1). 180:i, m. 
 Hannah Witt; 9, ihuy Ann, i). 1805, m. 1824, John Charles 
 Closson. 
 
 vii. Lewis. I). 1758, ui. Sarah llohinson. 
 viii. Betliiah, h 17*>1, m. Fredeiio Davoue. 
 
 xi. Josiah, h. 17t">4, ni. ])rot)al)ly Hannah Witt 
 
 X. Samuel, b. 1705, m. 1707, Sarah Ditmars : Ch. : I, Hethiah, h. 17!'8, 
 m. Thomas Andrews ; 2, .lane, 1). 1700, d. unm. 184(i; .'?, (Jahriyl 
 James,!). 1801, m. .lane Dods^o (in Ontario); 4, Isaac Ditmars, 
 i>. 1802, m. Sarah Ann Vroom ; 5, Mary E., i). 1804, m. Henry F. 
 Vroom ; (>, Sarah, h. 180t), d. 1808 ; 7, Henry, h. 1807, m. Letitia, 
 dau. of .leremiah Ditmars ; 8, .John V., h. 1800, m. Mary Vroom 
 (daughter of George) ; 0, William S., b. 1811, in. Harriet Aujjusta 
 Ryer.son ; 10, Sanniol, b. 1813, died 1890, unm. ; 11, Sarah Ann, 
 b. 1814, m. Captain Hiram Betts ; 12, Douw, (J, ISKi, m. Eliza 
 .T. Burns ; Vi, Frances (jloriana, b. 1817, ni. Capt. Wdliam 
 Anthony ; 14, (ieorgo A., b. 1820, m. Matilda Harris ; 15, Sereno, 
 b. 1822, m. Mary Jane, dau. of .lohn Ditmars. 
 
 xi. Elijah, b. 17H7, m. Mary Elizabeth Henrietta Schenk, d. 18.'}7 : Ch. : 
 1, James Lewis, b. 1802, m. Sarah Robinson ; 2, Eleanor Ann, 
 b. 1804, rn. (1st) Richard Ruggles, jun., (2nd) Henry Fowler 
 Vroom ; .'5, Bethiah Davoue, b. 180(), m. Rev. .John C. Austen ; 
 4, Mary Elizabeth, b. 1808, ni. Abner Morse (son of Church) ; 
 o, Sarah, b. 1810, m. George .leflerson ; ♦), Margaret, b. 18l4 ; 
 7, Sterns, b. 181(i, m. Elizabeth Dukeshire ; 8, Susanna (Jloriana, 
 b. 1817, m. James T. Hinxman ; 9, William Henry, b. 1820. d. 
 unm. ; 10, Frances, b. 1822, m. Charles Clancy Jefferson ; 11, 
 Robert, b. 1824, m. Susan A. Croscup. 
 
i{ \Ni>\r,r,— M.w. 'A'u 
 
 Kandaij,. TIk! Raiidiills of tliis r;ountv nrv rlescciuled from Joiiti 
 Uaiiddll, wlio WHS of Westerly, !!.l,, in inv^. Djuid, sf)n of his son 
 Stcpiicii, WHS l)orii at Stoiiiii;^ton, Coon., May 4, 171D ; inarriod at 
 Proston, Conn., Nov. G, l7.'J!i, Koziiili Davidson; removed to >iova 
 Scotia in 170G, and died in Kinj^.s County in 178t. ilis sons, among 
 wliom was the David in tlie list of cajtitation ta.x-i)ay<rrs, 1792, were 
 most useful i>ioneer settlers wherever they went, transmitting to their 
 posterity more than average intellectual power. Children : 
 
 i. Nathan, d. young. 
 
 ii. Keziali, iii. iVfiireli 4, I74;{, — Murchaut, in Now York. 
 
 iii. Lucy, h. Fol>. 4, 1744. 
 
 iv. Saraii, h. .Inn. 2, 174(1, in. .John Nowcoml). 
 
 v. David, li. in I'roston, Coiui., .Ian. 17, 174H, ni. Nov. 2.'5, 177i», Amy, 
 ildu. of Klislia Whitney, of Hanloy Mountain, livin}^ in the 
 towuHliip of .'\nna])oliH, hut linally settled in Aylesford : Ch.: I, 
 •John. ni. (1st) Ruth Gati's, (2nd) N iicy Downy, (-'ird) Mary 
 (ioucher ; 2, Lucy, h. I7HI), d. youny , .'$, .Jonathan, h. Aug. 1."), 
 I7H1, lived in Maine; 4, William D, b. Oct. l7H-'i, m. Helen, 
 dan. i.f liev. T. H. Chipmau; .'>, (Juortje, d. youuf^ ; (i, Lucy, ni. 
 Peter I'. Chute ; 7, Amy; H, Eunice ; 9, David, »>. Mar. 2H, 17!>;J ; 
 10, Olive. 
 
 vi. .Jonathan, h. .April 2, 17ol, in. a dau. of S. VVillougliliy. 
 
 vii. Samuel, h. Sejtt. JO, I7r).'{, m. J7Hi, Sarah Ann, dau. of Col. 
 
 Donjainin I'rinco, and lived in Aylesford. 
 viii. Amos, h. Doc. .'50, 17r).">, m. I7H!>, Susanna Chute, and lived near 
 liridgetown, lie d. March 24, 18:57: Ch. : I, Kli/.abeth, h. 17Hi>, 
 m. Benjamin Chute; 2, Nathan, It. I70J, m. Harriet Foster; li, 
 John, 1). 1704, 111. ( Jeretha Dexter ; 4, Susanna, 1>. 17!)*i, d. 1700; 
 5, James, I). J70H; iii. Mary Pickup; fi, ThomaH, h. 1800, d. in 
 Antigouish, May 12, 1880 ; 7, Susanna, h. 1802, m. James Fitz- 
 mauricu ; 8, Mary, h. 1805, d. unui. ; 0, Theresa, 1). 1807, m. 
 .Joseph Chute; 10, IJenjamin, 1). 1810, m. Tamar Foster; 11, 
 Charlotte, l>. 18l.'{, in. James Fit/.maurice. 
 
 i.v. Hezekiah, li. Jan. 20, 1708. 
 
 X. Klisha, \>. 1700, m. M.uy Atwater, ne'e Tuttle, and .settled at 
 Antiuonish. 
 
 xi. John, 1). 1702, d. yoim<;. 
 
 xii. Nathan, b. May 7, 1704, in. 170.5, Susanna, dau. of •Icnas Gates, 
 and had 10 children, among them llev. Charles Randall, Baptist, 
 of Weymouth, and Rev. Samuel Martin Randall. 
 
 Rav. The MosKS Pay of 1791 wa.s probably a native of lielfast, 
 and came to the county about the year 1764, when the Neilys, 
 Burnses and McBrides of the north of Ireland came over. He married 
 Ann, a daughter of Nathaniel Barnes, one of the Massachusetts settlers 
 in Granville, and had children : 
 
 i. Jane, b. 1775, ni. Joseph Fo.ster. 
 
 ii. John, b. 1777, m. Deborah Farnsworth, and had ch.: 1, Rachel ; 
 2, Henry, in. Lavinia Beardsley ; .'5, Sarah, m. John Quin ; 4, 
 William, m. Sarah Rhodes ; 5, John, ni. Elizabeth Wheelock 
 (dau. of Calvin) ; (5, Judson, m. Lavinia Rhodes ; 7, Ichabod, m. 
 Maria Foster. 
 
.568 HAY — HKAOII — KICK. 
 
 iii. IMoNos, I). I7>^l, III. and d. in Iruland, whoro hu was said to have 
 liL'Ciiiiio ridi. 
 
 iv. James, I). ITH"), tii. Iluclicl Karris (daii. of Jdlm), ii native of Duliiin, 
 who Nurved as a st>r^e;<>it in a HritiHh i-et(iniont at lUinki'i* }lill : 
 Cli.: 1, Ann, in. VVesle.y Uea(;h ; 2, Charlotte, in. Henry Haker ; 
 .'{, Eli/.a, in. Diniock (Jatos ; 4, Jane, ni. Parker Mowlljy ; 5, Niman, 
 III. John Ward ; ti, Frances, in. Aliraliain Fales ; 7, John, m 
 |{iichel Vantassei (in N.Y.); H, .)aine.s, in. (Ist) Ulizahetli 
 Sjiroule, (2nd) Lucinda Clark, ne'e (iraves. 
 
 Kkacii. The word rear/h is of Celtic ()rij»in, meaning ruler or lorrl, 
 equivalent to the terniiniil rih, or rich, in old (lotliic and Nor.se naine.^. 
 (See Ritchie.) The Latin rex, a king, and verb tri/n, to rule, are no doubt 
 from the same root. Thus Castlereagh is the lord or ruler of the castle. 
 Jamks Rka<;ii, a native of lielfast, in the north of Ireland, with his 
 brothers-in-law Neily and newly wedded wife, Martha Neily (dau. of 
 John), their sister. He bought a farm on the Ardoise Hills, on the old 
 Halifax road, but on liis death, about ten years later, his widow removed 
 to Wilinot. His son Joseph went to one of the upper provinces. His 
 son John mai'ried Sarah (Jates, and became a residero- in what is now 
 Margiiretsville, and was the faithful stesvard and agent of Hon. John 
 Hallil)urton, who owned an extensive grant there. John Eeagh had 
 children (besides Jo.seph) : 
 
 i. John,!). 177;{, in. 1804, Sarah Gates, h. 1785: Ch.: 1, Wesley, b- 
 1804, 111. Ann Ray; 2, (Jili)ert, \>. 180(i, in. Jano Beach; 3, 
 Mehital)'e, 1). 1807, in. Silas Margescm ; 4, Susanna, h. 1809, in- 
 Abraham Stronach ; ,">, Ahrahain, h. 1811, ni. Sarah Tujiper ; (5, 
 Mary, l». 18i;{. ni. (Ist) Rees Stionach, (2nd) John McKeovn ; 
 7, Isaac, h. 181;"), in. Anne Tupper ; 8, Prudence, h. 1818, in. 
 William Clark; 0, Elizabeth, b. 1820, in. Adam Bowlby; 10, 
 Margaret, 1). 1822, in. Christopher Margeson ; 11, Sarah Ann, 
 b. 1824, in. Bayard Margeson ; 12, Helen, h. 182(5, in. I lias 
 Phinney ; 13, Jacolt, li. 182.">, d. unni. 
 
 ii. .Joseph, in. Nancy Durland, ne'e llavvkesworth. 
 
 iii. Polly, 111. John Baker, jun. 
 
 iv. Catherine, m. Jonas VVood. 
 
 Rice. The three families bearing this name came to this county in 
 1760, and are derived from a common and not very remote ancestor. It 
 is probable that Behiaii Rice wa.s uncle to John and Ebenezeh, who are 
 believed to have been cousins ; for he was an old man in 1 700, and died 
 about four or five years after his settlement. He and several of his sons 
 were grantees of the township, in which they held lots Nos. 80, 87, 88, 89, 
 90, 91, 92 and 93, in the western end, and Nos. 2, 3 and 46 in the eastern 
 division. These lots contained 4,672 acres of the choicest land in the 
 county. Beriali Rice, sen., of Westboro', in the County of Worcester, was 
 born 1702. One of his sons settled in Cape Breton. Rice, the photo- 
 graphic artist in the Greely polar expedition, was a descendant. Judah 
 
itKi). .')()9 
 
 Rici', liis (ildost son, soon after liis fiitlicr's death sold his fiirrn near 
 IWoiKly Creek, and removeil to Lower (JranviHe, whore ho built a house 
 near Stony lleach, supposed to have heen the fn'st dwollinj,' erected at 
 that place, and tUero the greater iiuniher of his children were horn. He 
 had heen married in Massachusetts, prohahlj* ahout 17r)8, and his eldest 
 son was horn there in 17r)9. About the be<iinning of the century he 
 removed to Hriar Island, and soon afterwards died at Westport. His 
 sons, Moses, Simeon ami William, settled on Briar Island. (The editor 
 remembers .some worthy old men of the name f)n the island, but it does 
 not e.\ist there now, althouj,'h there are several descendants in female 
 lines.) Tn his will he gave iiis son Stephen all his real estate in Con- 
 necticut, Massachusetts, llliode Island and New Hamj)shire, which 
 proves ho was a man of some wealth before he came to Nova Scutia, 
 His sons, Timothy, Benjamin and Joseph, remained on their lands near 
 Brid;;etown, the latter finally settling near IJound Hill, where he died, 
 18.'{9, at an advanced age. 
 
 The lands granted to Ebkxkzek Rick (who had previously been a 
 country merchant) were in the immediate neighborhoo<l of Saw-mill 
 Creek, now known as Moschello. When he came here he had been 
 eighteen years married, his youngest child being six and his eldest, 
 Ebenezer, being eighteen in 17G0. He lived here thirty-two years, and 
 had been married fifty 3'ears when he died. The dates of his children's 
 births were found in an old ledger preserved by the Fairn family, the 
 immediate ancestor of which married his daughter. 
 
 John Rice, who was born in Worcester, Mass., December 26, 17.58, 
 came here unmarried. On his marriage, May 6, 1761, to Sarah, daughter 
 of Zephaniah and Kunice Smith, he settled on the farm of Colonel 
 Jonathan Hoar, who owned a grant of five hundred acres on the west 
 .side of Letjuille River. There John Rice's eight children were born. 
 At Colonel Hoar's death he purchased part of the farm, of which he was 
 succeeded in the possession by his youngest son James, who from his 
 birth, in 1790, lived on it until his death, February 4, 1886, nearly 
 ninety-six years. The familj' was descended from Edmund Rice, of 
 Rirkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England, in 1627, who came to America 
 in 1638, and settled in Sudbury, Mass.; through Thomas, the latter's 
 fourth cliild ; Gershom, eighth child of Thomas ; and Matthias, the fifth 
 child of Gershom — John being the eldest son of Matthias. 
 
 1. Beriah Rice married Mary Goodnow, and had children. 
 
 <2) i. Jutlab, b. 1731. 
 
 ii. Aaaph, b. 1733, ni. Mary Morse, 
 
 iii. Timothy, h. 1740, m. 
 
 iv. Mercy, or Mary, b. 1742, m. Paul Hazeltine (no Lssue). 
 
 V. Rachel, b. 1744, m. Obadiah VVheelock, M.P.P. 
 
')7() HICK. 
 
 (J{) vi. lUiriiili, jiiii., li. 17-1'"' 
 
 vii. Siiriili, li. I74H. m. Kliim Wheolock, .1.1'. 
 
 viii. Kunjiiiiiin, !>. 174!), in. 
 
 ix. Stuiiliun, b. I7">l (ivtiiriiwl tit MiiHsucliiisetts). 
 
 X. .I()8u|>h. I). I7r»'l, 111. Kiiirn. 
 
 xi. Ijiuy, h. \7^>it, III. Klkiiiiiili ISIoitoii. 
 
 •J. .liDAii Uici;, 1). 17:U, III. 17*iS, Small Kcllv, of I,('oiiuiiMter, 
 Woirt'stiT Count}', MiiHs., iiiid Imil oliildioii : 
 
 i. .\iiiiii, li. 17<V<), III. •ItiiiioH McDoi'iiiHiul. 
 
 ii. Siiiiecin, 1). I7(il, in. Nancy HiirtDii, and Imil cli. : 1, Kli/abotli, in. 
 .Vntli'ow Cognins, W'estport ; iirobahly others, 
 
 iii. A/.iihah, li. 17*>'5. m- Saiiiuol Huukiiian. 
 
 iv. Sti']ilioii, 1). 17<''">, III. •laiio DoWolf, of LiviTpool, N.S., and hndch.: 
 1, Kli/.a .laiiu, d. uiiin.; 2, Ste])heiison, d. uiiiii. 
 
 V. MoHct), h. 17<>H, 111, Hannah ISIorsu (dan. of .Minur), and had di. : I, 
 Aaron, in. Ann Payaon ; 2, Harriet, in. .lo]in I'ayson ; .'(, Kniiicu, 
 in. ThonuiB Haycock ; 4, Kdward, in. Cecilia Hailcy ; 5, Eli/.abeth 
 .\nn, 111. J.iine.s 'I'itii.s ; tJ, .lohn. d. unni. ; 7, Mary, in. Thomas 
 Haycock ; H. Haiiloy, b. IH04, in. Kli/.a .laiio IJailoy ; !>. Caroline, 
 in. Kicc Coggins ; l(», Pliube, b. 1H08, in. .lacob Merrill (perhaps 
 Morrell). 
 
 vi. Aaron, b. 1771). d. unin. in West Indies, 
 vii. Lotitia, b. 177-, ni. William Johnson, of Granville, 
 viii. Mary, b. 1774, in. Benjamin Heriy. 
 
 ix. .John, b. 177<», ni. (1st) Sarah Hicks, (2nd) Susan Hicks. 
 
 X. Williain Pickett, b. 177<>, m. Kunice Prentiss: Ch.: 1, Louisa, in. 
 •lohn Payson ; 2, William, m. Sarah Ann White ; IJ, Mary, ni. 
 Tileston Payson ; 4, Lucy, d. uiini. ; 5, .lulia, in. Thomas Horae- 
 tield ; <>, ,Iohn, in. Charlotte Turner ; 7, Sophia, in. Benjamin 
 Henry Ruggles ; 8, Henry, d. unm. ; !(, Sarah .lane, ni. Charles 
 Bailey. 
 
 xi. Sarah, b. 1778, in. Williain .Tohn.son. 
 xii. Lucy, b. 1781, in. P'lancis Ogsbury, or Augsbury, of New York. 
 
 3. Hekiaii Ru:e, Jun., b. 174(), in. (1st) in Cape Breton, Mis8 Mc- 
 Sweeny, (2n(l) Naomi McQuillan,* and had children : 
 
 i. A.saph, 111. 180;{, Nancy Elderkin, and had ch. : 1, Sidney Smith, 
 M.D., b. 1804 ; 2, William, b. 1805, in. Mary Ann Allen ; .'5, .lohn, 
 b. 1808, m. Lucy Hicks; 4, Timothy, b. 1811, in. 18^8, Mary 
 .\lice Newcomb ; 5, James Benjamin, b. 18115, m. ; (i. Joseph 
 Troop, b. 1818, d. unm.; 7, Asajth, b. I>^21, d. unm.; 8, Jephtha, 
 b. 182.'?. m. (Ist) Mrs. Roundy, widow, (2nd) — Morse, 
 ii. Sarah, in. .loseph Troop, 
 iii. (Perhaps) Beriuh. 
 
 1. John Kick, married (1st) May 6, 1761, Saraii, daughter of Zophaniah 
 and Eunice Smitli, (•2nd) Maiy, daughter of Joseph and Zehudaii Potter, 
 and liad chiUhen : 
 
 (2) i. Silas, b. 17('.2. 
 
 ii. John, b. 17()4, d. 1784. 
 
 * There may Ite an error here. It may have been a son of Beriah who married 
 Naomi McQuillan 
 
II KK. 571 
 
 iii. Sanili. li. IT<iii, tl. I7H4. 
 
 iv. Miiry, 1). I7<>!», iii. Kcv. Isriiol r.ittor, il. IHIlt. 
 
 V. Iiist)|)h, 1». 1771, il. 17f<>. 
 
 vi. NVilliikin, l>. 1774, in. Ann, dau. of Ahmxi llanly, livoil oust, siiU^ of 
 Www Uiviir, il. iil>()iit Ih:I4 : Cli.: I, Ann, I). Hliniit IHOO, d. iinni.; 
 'J, Stoplion, ni. Moicy (or Martini), ilitu. of (Ji-nii^u iiinl Sarah 
 Knill'en ; ,'t, William, in. •lane, <lau. >>f Itt'nJHiniii I'uHhinv' (and 
 Was fathor of llriijiiiiiiii,\>. aliiiiit IHi'it, A iiiIiki.v, \t. IHi'l, Iji'ii/ihii, 
 Slii)lii ,1, Cliiiilta, and 8i)nu) who d. ynunj;) ; 4, tlanies, ni, Kli/ii 
 MfMiillin, rornovt'd to h)aHt|i(ii't ; •'>, .lolm, in. (1st) Loah, dan. of 
 .John (JroiLHo, (Und) .lan« Sweeny ; ti, Mary, in. Atnliroso, son of 
 •lohn Taylor, jiiii. 
 
 vii. Thomas, I). May, L':5rd, 177'.», m. about l«(X), Martha Pottor (dan. of 
 •losuph) and was the tirst settler at l?ear River vilhv^e, built tho 
 tirst bridge there, and was a pioneer ship-builder and mill-owner, 
 haiidin<.; down those enterprises to throe or four successful genera- 
 tions of his posterity : Ch.; 1, David, b. IHDj. m. (1st) Mary. dau. 
 of (loorge and .Sarah Kiiirten, (2iid) Kli/.abuth, dau. of .loseph 
 Harris, widow of William Turnbull, d. .)an. 12, IHHl, loft «i chil- 
 dren, of whom 4 80I1S aro well-known and prominout citizens, . 
 intluonfial in both counties ; 2, Ftev. Ismel, b. IHOIJ, in. (Ist) Ijois 
 Whitman, (L'lid) .Ian. t, 1H2!>, Su.san, dau. of .lohn Crouso, had 113 
 ch.; ;{, Mary,!). 1SU.">, m. .lohn, son of Abraham Lent; 4, /ebnda, 
 b. 1807, in. Iloiiry Alliiie Rice, a cousin ; o, Uoidamia, b. IH()!>, 
 111. .lohn Copelaiid, jun., 1) ch. ; (!, Franklin, b. 1<SI I, m. (Ist) Su.san, 
 dau. of Silas Hanly, {'2iid) Eli/a Hardy, her sister, (Jtrd) iW.iry 
 Amelia Rhodes, o ch. by Ist, and 4 by 2iid wife ; 7, .lane, b. 1814, 
 111. Harris Mori^an, tieh.; 8, Esther Ann, b. Nov. 2."), 18l(), m 
 William Rood (son of Samuol, of London, Knj/laiid) ; !), Martha, 
 b. April lit, 181!», m. Alfred Rico (son of .lohn, of Silas), 8 ch. ; 10, 
 Catherine, b. March 18, 1822, m. (1st) Thomas, son of .lohn 
 McLearn, (2nd) Edward, son of Edwin (Jliri.stophor ; 11, Silas, m. 
 Elizabeth Hughes ; 12, Cynthia, in. Alexander Ross, of Irish 
 descent, 
 viii. .Toseph, b. 1787, d. I7i'r). 
 
 ix. James, b. near Annapolis, 17S)0,'m. (1st) Fob. 11, ISIU, Dorothy, 
 dan. of Miner Tuppor, (2iid) June 18, 1818, Ann Evans, d. Fob. 
 14, 188(i, a. !MJ: Ch.: I, .lohn L., b. ISVi, in. Eliza LeCain, d. 
 1882 : 2, Mary D., b. 1815, m. Stephen Youn^ ; 3, Elizabeth S., 
 b. 18l!t, 111. Arthur Ruggles (son of Richard . I.), (! ch. ; 4, Char- 
 lotto A., b. 1821 ; 5, Sarah D., 1>. 182.S, m. .loseph Potter (son of 
 Rev. Israel): (i, Esther R., b. 1825, d. 182«i ; 7, William E., b. 
 182(i, d. 183;i ; 8, Henry .1., b. 182!), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Abner 
 Morse ; !), Rebecca W., b. 1830, m. Harvey Honiiigar ; 10, 
 Arthur S., b. 18;{2, d. 1833 : 11, Catherine, b. 1835, d. 1837 ; 12, 
 Harriot A., b. 1837. 
 
 2. Silas Rick, 1). Annapolis, 1762, m. Sarah' KnifFen (descendant of 
 Georj^e,' of Stratford, Conn., 1666, through George,-' George,'' George^). 
 Lived in Hillsburgh, Digby Co., a higlily respected farmer, d. 1853, aged 
 91. She d. 1856, aged 90. Cliildren : 
 
 i. John, b. 178G, m. (1st) Mary, dau. Aaron Hardy, (2nd) Margaret 
 Potter, wid., in'c Balcoiii, (3rd) Elizabeth, wid. of John Balsor 
 Rico, m'v Chute : Ch. (by Ist wife) : 1, Alfred, b. July 11, 1819, 
 m. Martha, dau. of Thomas and Martha (Potter) Rice ; 2, James, 
 d. unm. ; 3. Eliza, m. Samuel A. Harris ; 4, Caroline ; 5, Emily ; 
 
r)72 ItlCi: — UK.'KKTSUN. 
 
 (Iiy 'Jnil wifu) : tl, .luliii (i., iii. (Int) Aniiitiiillik, tliiii. nf Ilirlwtnt 
 ltiii{KliiH. C'ikI) MoTKiirct Kay ; 7. Miirgurut, iii. C'liikiluH lii({lua ; 
 (|py .'Iril wifi>) : H, Muiiry, in. 
 
 ii. Sully, III. Jhiiikh, hod nf .losliuii ItaiikH, II eliililroii. 
 
 iii, <!fiir){(), Ik iii'iHtur imtriiiur, iii. Hnrrit^t, iliiii. nf Riciiunl Clurku, anil 
 li'ui I'll.: I, Surah Aim, iii..li>hii Vur({liall, or Vari'ii^lu : '2, lluburt, 
 Ml. Maria IVIim'n ; .'I, Miiiutta, in. David Li-iit ; 4, iHiiiali, <1. iiiiiii.; 
 r», Kihvai'd, III. Marifarol Ko^'art. 
 
 iv. Hut.soy, i». 17!'t. ni. NVilliaiii, h >n of TIidui w Horry, 7 chililren. 
 
 V. .IoHo|ili, 1). l7iW, III. (IhI) Siipliiii. (Ian. of Francis Miliar, ('Jii(l) -Vnim 
 Iti'iiwii, (I. IH7I : Cli.: I, KraiiciH, in. LmiiHa I'nnly ; -, Wm. 
 Hiiiry, ni. Sophia Marshall ; .'t, Kdwanl, in. Mriiltjot — ; 4, 
 Norman, ni. (iHt) Julia Lout, (L'litl) wid. Putttr, in'r Uolililuo ; 
 r>, Mary Ann, in. .Mirahain Lunt ; aUo arcordin^ to tlio "(^hiitu 
 (iunoalo^ius, " Kaciiul, 'rhoiiiiis, Whitt'tiuld, Sophia and Luonard, 
 10 in all. 
 
 vi. Mary, in. Honry, son of Honjainin and ./ano Potter. 
 
 vii. Monry Alline, h. IKOK, in. (1st) Xolmdali, dau. of TlioiniiB and 
 
 Martha llii'o, (iJnd) Leonora, dan. of Ui-auoii Aaron Chuto : Cii. : 
 
 1, Lois ; L', David ; 15, Allino : 4, .Aaron ; 5, 'I'honiaN ; ti, Wesley ; 
 
 7, Melissa ; H, Melvina ; !*, Mary Eli/.aimtli ; 10. Alexinulor Rons. 
 
 viii. Dorothy, It. IMOtl, ni. Oldham, hihi of .lames Armstrong, - I'liildreii. 
 
 i.\. Charlotte, m. Wilher, son of Aliedne^o Parkctr. 
 
 X. Aaron, b. Dee. 22, IHl'.i, m. Ann, dau. of Win. Aymar, 4 children. 
 
 KliRNKZi'.H Rice, J vs., was (le.sceiulcfl iti tin* sovcnth jjcnoratioti from 
 tlip iinnii;,'riiiit aiiccstor, Kdmnnd,' tlnoij^h Tliomas,-' Thomas,' Fcicy,' 
 Phiiieas, ' l'il>eIU'/,^^r." * llts was Ikjiu in 174.1, inairit'tl a Miss lialcum in 
 177S, and liad children : 
 
 i. Jonas, b. 177», ni. 1801, Dorothy Halsor : Cli. : 1, Samuel, b. 1802, 
 III. (Ist) Martha Watt, ('Jnd) Stronjj; ; 2, Hannah, !>. 1804, m. 
 (Ist) .I.'hn Croiise, (2nd) .lacob Dodye ; K, .lolin, b. 18()(i, d. 
 yoniig ; 4. .lohn, ii. 1810, m. Eli/.abeth Chnte ; 5, Kbenezer. b. 
 1812, III. Kli/a Thomas; (i, Klizabeth, b. 1810, m. John Thomas. 
 
 ii. Levi, b. 1781, m. Marj»aret l{o))inson - Ch. : 1. .lohn, m. Helen 
 Corbitt ; 2, Abner, ni. Statira McCormick : Ii, Williiim, in. (1st) 
 .lane Spurr, (2nd) Margaret Mott ; 4, Benjamin, m. Helen 
 Spnrr ; .">, .lonas, in. Avis Spurr ; 0, Levi, m. Statira Hawkes- 
 worth ; 7, Lucy Ann, m. Freeman Herteaux ; 8, Susan, d. unin. ; 
 U, Diah, 111. .lohn Snlis. 
 
 iii. Ann, b. 178;^, m. Miciiael Spurr. 
 
 RiCKETSON. The name i.s probably an old corruption of Ilichard.son, 
 and of Northern orij^in. Ahednkcjo and Tlmotiiy came perhaps from 
 Ricketsonville, Mass., but there is a tradition that they had lived in one 
 of the Carolinas before they came to Nova Sctttia. Timothy died of 
 .smallpox liefore 1770. Abednego settled about half-way between 
 Bridfifetown and Belleisle. He married in 17.57, Phebe Tucker, and died 
 1778. Children: 
 
 * Desides, anil younger than Kbene/.er, jun., Kbonezer, son., had : 2, Joseph, in. 
 (Ist) Mary (Jrecn, (2nd) Hiildali Wilcox ; .S, Bcnj.ainin, ni. Sarah (ireen ; 4, Anna, d. 
 young ; ."i, William, d. young ; (i, Sarah, in. IJenjaniin Fairn ; 7, Elizabotli, ni. John 
 Whitman. 
 
ItlcKKTSnN - UITCIIIK. 678 
 
 i. Ilatlmluilia, \i. IT'tH, in. I77".', Il'ihort S|iriiulo. 
 
 ii. Ili'iiry, h, I7<l<)(iii N.S. ). in. Mm-y McKmi/.iu (mi iHnuu). 
 
 iii. Kli/iiiiuth, li. 17*i'.', in. I7HI, .Iclni h'oHtcr. 
 
 iv, I'liuliu, It. I7'>'>, ill. MikttliKW Itiiiit'h. 
 
 V. .I..11I1UI, 1>. I7<>7, 111. (1st) l7.H!t. Kli/iilntli K.mtiir, C-'lnl) I7!M1. Haliliah 
 I'litkur: <.'li.: 1, lliiiiry, li. I7'.M), m. IHI4, (Miurlotto 'riimnuH ; 
 ii. 1'IioIk'. I.. 17!i-'. III. Till'. xl.. re Hill : .'t, Kli/.al.Hli, ii. I7'.tr>, m. 
 Ki'tiili'i'it' Kiiiu'li : 4, Miiiiun, li. IHDI, d. iinin.; i>, Aliuiiiii'^o, li. 
 |H(»4, .1. iiiiiii.; <1, .Idnl.iii, 1). |H(«;, d. |H1."_', uiiiii.: 7, Cluirli.ttf. 
 1.. IHIIH. III. Williuiii K. Wlnu'lock ; H, SImiliac, I.. IH||. m. Suruh 
 Hi'stur 'I'linrno ; !t, Sii.siimiii, li. IHII, in. (I.st) .liicul) Kuwi', CJinl) 
 Wlllmin II. KviTiat ; 10, Ann, l>. IHI.'t, iiiiin. ; 1|, .Ihiiu^h I'lirkor, 
 1). IHI7, III. Kli/.ii lioliiikcr (no Imsuo). 
 
 vi, Ciitliiiriiii'. 1). 1770, III. Litcli. 
 vii, I'litionct', li. I770, III. (JtM>r>{o NiclioU. 
 
 viii. Frodoiii', li. 177:.', in. (Int) ('lmiii)ttii MiKon/ie, (•_'ii(l) IHI<». Mary 
 Thoin.iH: Ch.; I, Wullor, h. IHIO, in. (1st) J«;t7, Sfliim Meiit, 
 (L'ml) Kllii v.. .liiliiiHtoii ; 2, .limupli lluiiry, b. iHI.'t, in. Stoad- 
 niHii ; '.\, Ai'iiiHiiillu, l> IHI.'), in. <!i'i)rL!o .liiliimton ; 4, Miiry Ann, 
 h. IHI7, III. Kdvviii'il Uuckniini ; ft, Kli/jiliotli, d. iiniii. ; *>. Jniin, 
 ni. (ill .Maiiii'). 
 
 ix. Mary, 1). I77r>, in. K/.ekiel MesHoiiKcr. 
 X. Nitnuy, I). I777t hi. •loiiii Marttliull. 
 
 Unniir,. (/l;/ the Kdllor.) The iiaino is derived from the Gothic and 
 (lid Oerniiiii root wind r'n'h or rih, si;,'iiit"yin^ nih' or iloiiiinloii, (generally 
 found in terniinatioiiH, as I/rinrlrh, from old (ierinan fifini, fionii', trans- 
 hited Henry, and interpreted to mean "Prince, or Uulcr of Home"; 
 Frlfdrich, translated Frederic, "Prince of Peace"; thus sometimes in 
 Enj^iisli takinji tiio favourites En^^lish termination //, and in otiier names 
 retaining the sound of c. It is often found at tlu! hegiiininj; of a name, 
 as in the familiar l»iehard, Uiclimond, etc. Tlu; surname Kichan is 
 another instance. The name llich by itself is a well-known name, and 
 no douht tlie ori;j;inal of this name, the terminal syllable being an after- 
 growtli. llich, MacUich, MacUichie or McHitchie, Ilitchie would i)e tlie 
 natural order of deveh)pment. The family is said to have been a sept of 
 the clan McPherson. In Meland the name is generally spelt lliche}' ; in 
 modern Scotland it usually takes the t. Joiix RnciiiK, Es(j,, a native, 
 it is supposed, of Glasgow, came to Annapolis from JJoston as early as 
 1775, probably earlier, and perliaps one or two years before the arrival of 
 his uncle* Andrew, whose family will be next recorded. (See njemoir, p. 
 
 * Thoro was no point on which the deceased author was more positive than 011 
 this relationship. He suys, however, that they were proliahly natives of Ardoch, 
 in I'erthsiiii-e, and erroneonsly assigns Andrew's death to the year 1781. Anxious 
 to eleiir up tiiis genealogical pronleiii in a reniarkalile family, I eon.sulted Mr. 
 William A. Ritchie, of this town, who has long familiarized himself with the tradi- 
 tions of the Kas-ioii, LeCain ami Ritchie families, and he gives me what he has found 
 among the descendants of Andrew Kitchii!, and lome of the descendants of John, 
 naming esjiec^ially as his informants the following persons, who lived eontemiHU'arv 
 with those who, it is to he su])po8ed, would know : His grandmother, whose hnsliaiiij, 
 William LeCain, was the brother of the wife of the tirst John Ritchie ; and Andrew 
 Stirling Ritchie, born in 1785, youngest son of the first John. The tradition he 
 
r)74 lUTCHIK. 
 
 .■$11.) He marritHl, as for roiisons stated in tlif note I now helieve, (Ist) 
 in 1770, when about twenty-five years old, in K(linbiii'j,'li, a la. ly whose 
 Christian name was Janet; (2nd) at Annapolis, not later than the 
 aunnner or autumn of 177G, Alicia Maria, daughter of Fiancis IJ. 
 LeQuesne, or LeCain, and became the father of a District Chief .Judge 
 of th(; Court of Connnon Pleas, grandfather of three Supreme Court 
 judges (one the Chiet .Justice of (.Janada), and great-grandfather of a 
 present Judge of our County Courts. His widow survived him twenty- 
 .■^even years. They had children : 
 
 i. John Corbett, b. .July 11, 177i>. His '• birtlulivy " I loarn from hia 
 only surviving daugliter ; the year fi-oiii the church records of 
 Sydney, where his burial is registered, "July !(!, 18(J0, a. 85 
 yeiii's." As a young nifin of fine iiiartiid a]ipearance he attracted 
 ilie attention of the Duke of Kent, who induced iiim tu accept 
 a cominission in the Royal N(jva .Scotia Rei;iiiicnt, raised in 17'.'J$, 
 and recruited to iLs full strength of olHcers and men in the autunm 
 of 17'.'4. (Murdoch, Vol. 3, p. I'M.) His n.ame first ap])ears as 
 an otHcer in \~W>, when the name of Anthony (ieorge Kysh, who 
 that year soKl (jut hia commission, disappears from the list as a 
 lieutenant, and that of John C. Ritchie appears as the junior 
 lieutenant. In the list; of officers wlien the regiment was disbanded 
 in IHOlJ (Miu'doth, ''ol. 2, ]). 'il()'», liis name appears the eighth in 
 order of seventeen lieutenant', and second before that of Timothy 
 Riiggles, who was b. March 7, 1770. Afterwards he removed to 
 Sydney, where he is said to have been t)ne of the lessees of the 
 coal mines, and is described iu the church records as "clerk of 
 
 gives nie is that Auiliew Ritchie came to Boston with wifa, ^hl^garct .Nb'Nei.sh, 
 and his first two cliildrcn ; tlial in due time he sent his oldest son .John to 
 (rliisgow to school ; tliat while this son was in (ila.sgow a hiotlier of Andrew died, 
 leaving a son .TouN ; that tlie latter came out to lioston with his cousin .John, 
 and was thenceforth an inmate of his micle Andrews liousehold until he attained 
 Ills majority, when he went into partiierslii]) witli or was .set uj) in l)usiness by 
 his uncle. He tells me that the late Andrew !<tirling Ititcliie claimed ex])res8ly to 
 have been named in lionour of liis fathei's uncle Andrew, whose full name was 
 Andrew iStirling, although he fiever useil tiie second or its initial in piactiee. I may 
 here observe that a seeonil (Christian name was selilom or nevei- known among 
 English-s])eaking ))eople un*'l 'owaiils the middle of the hist century, and the 
 second name, or its initial, w.. generally disused until very recent times. (Of this 
 thy cas'> of Thomas Harcday, M.IM*. , is an e.\am|)le. ) The oidy two grandsons of 
 Aiub-ew Ritchie now s\irviving, think the latter cana- to ISoston before the birth of 
 his second child ; and one of tliem, aged b-i, hut witii naturally excellent mental 
 capacity entirely unimpaired, telN me one brother with a sf)n came over with, or 
 immediately after, Andrew, but the other nephew .bilm, fatliei' of Judge Thomas 
 Ritchie, came some years later. Restates that he knew lioth the judge and A. S. 
 Ritcliie in their lifetimes, and was known by them as second cousins ; and another 
 reliable man. son of a deceased giandson of Andrew, well lemendiers his fatlier and 
 Andrew Stirling Ritchie associating and conversing together on the footing of second 
 cousins, grandsons of l)rothers. It is notable that the four chihlren of .lohn were 
 given the very same names as tlie first four cliihlren of Andrew, sen. ; and a man 
 born iu 1788, who took an intelligent interest in the jwlitics of the ci-nnty in 1819, 
 informed me about forty years ago that the two Thomas Ritehies wdio sat for the 
 county and township respectively in 1810 were cousins. About the relationship of 
 two prominent public men, it does not seem likely that contemporary opinion would 
 be misinformed. But .seeking to verify or disprove these traditions, I s 'ight 
 traces of the family in Boston, and found on the Suffolk ''.jiiit files, folio 7'2,44t», 
 under date of February '28th, 1754, that Andrew 1iile}iie "from the country" 
 (which my informant, Rev. Anson Titus, a most accomplished archieologist and 
 genealogist, assures me is a mere lapsits pliimie iov "from the oW country ") had 
 
lui'ciiii;. 575 
 
 till) mines," and was long a iii'uminont, citizen. He in. (1st) while 
 .stationed at Halifax, Au;.;. 18, 1800, Alexis, dan. of <'ol. Campbell, 
 •Jlst regiment, CJnd) at Sydney, Nov. 18, 18(»7, Amelia, dau. of 
 Hon. David Matthews, a Loyali.st, Attornuy-(ieneral of Ca])o 
 Breton: Cli. : 1, Harriet Despard, hiid. Dec. 14, 1801, lived 
 when youni.' with her nncle Thomas at •' The (Jrange," Annapolis, 
 m. Charlf.s Hogu"*, d. at Windsor, several eh.: 'J, Helen Ami, l)])d. 
 Sept. 11, 18();{, d. at Halifax, iinni.; ;{, Thomas Campbell, b. 1805, 
 whose baptism is not recorded at Sydney, the parish being vacant 
 for a year at that period ; lie went a>vay when a young man and 
 d. abroad ; 4, Alexis Jane, bpd. July 14, I80(!, d. 18;$", bu. Jan. 
 19 (her mother (1. at her birth); (by 2nd \v.); T), Caroline Maria, 
 b. Sept. 21, bpd. Out. 17, 1808, m. Hon. Edmund Murray Dodd, 
 Judge of the Supreme '-/ourt (his 2nd w.), and is the mother of 
 His Honour HloMixn Mukhay Doi>i>, Judge of the County Courts, 
 and had l» other ch. xVrnelia (Matthew.s) Ritchie d. April 14, 181(5. 
 By second wife :* 
 Thomas, b. Sept. 21, 1777. (Seciueni'irof Thomas Kitciiik, M.P.P., 
 p. :y.)4.) He ni.(l8t) July 27, 1807, Klizabuth, dau. o." vVilliani More- 
 ton Johnstone. She d. June (bu. 2;>rd), 1810, a. .'{2 ; (2nd) May 
 20, 182H, Elizabeth, dau. of (ieorge Best, of Pershore, County of 
 Worcester, England, a sister of the Rector of Granville. She d. 
 — ; (lird) Sept. ;J0, IS.'iO, Anne, dau. of Col. .Joseph Norman 
 Bond, of Yarmoutli : Ch. : 1, John William, b. March 2(), 1808, 
 m. Amelia, dau. of Hon. William Bruce Almo-i, M.D., d. 1880; 
 2, Thomas Andrew, b. 1810, in. Laleah Almon (sister of Amelia), 
 d. 1880 (no issue); ;t, William Johnstone, b. Oct. 28, 1813, ni. 
 (1st) Miss Strange, of St. Andrews, N.B., (2nd) Grace Vernon, 
 dau. of Thomas L. Nicholson, Escp, of St. John, and step-dau. of 
 Admiral VV. FitzW. Owen, R.N., d. Sept. 2."), 1802 ; 4, Laleah, 
 
 been in the town " Hfteen days'";'and folio ~'A,!>'H), under date of Octoln'r 1st, 1754, 
 says Andrew Kitohie, witli "•//( and rhi/d, " hatii been here .some time." His 
 second child. Aim, aeconliiig to lier recorded age at burial, must tiierefoie have 
 been born between October 1st and November 24th, 1754. In 1702 Mr. Andrew 
 Ritchie was appointeil constable, but declined to .serve. Tl. 3 prefixes "Mr." and 
 "Mrs." in tho.se days in New England were narefully confin,, 1 to •f.ons of recog- 
 nized standing in tiie coiiinumity. "(iood-iiian '" and "good-wite ' denoted peo|)le 
 of liumbh^r rank. Finally, under date of October 2(ith, 1770, in Snti'olk Court files, 
 folio 80,002, we have, "John Richie and wife Jennet (.Ianet\ last from Edinl>urgh, 
 come to town with Capt. John Dunn the 21st Oi'.tobcr, 1770, in the ship iHiisro. 
 Tluji lotliji tioir at Mr. Andn-ir Richie ■•<, in Marlborough Street.'' I cannot but 
 concbidi' that these were the Andrew and John who came to Ann.ipolis, and it 
 woiihl follow that .lolm Ritchie was a widower when he married Miss LeCain, which 
 is very likely, seeing that he was l)orii in 1745, and men in tiiose days very rarely 
 indeed reinaineil single after the agi; of twenty-four or twenty-tive. He wa,s no 
 <loubt son of an ehler brother of Andrew, whose name, there is reason to supjiose, 
 was Thomas, and probably both he and his uncle pos.se.sseil means as well as social 
 .'itanding. The substance of the traditions seems fully contirnied by the entries cited, 
 and by the recorded age at death of John's son, John Corbett Ritchie, while Judge 
 Thomas Ritchie, m\ the stimo erected by him in honour of his motiier, describes 
 himself as hir eldest son. The fact that no tradition of another marriage sin »Mves, 
 and that in some lines of John's descendants the tradition of a relationship between 
 Andrew and John is lost, is no surprise to a genealogist ; but it is surjirising that no 
 obituary notice of so prominent a public man as John Ritchie can be f;)und in 
 Halifax or Boston papers, or the Oentlemaii'n Mannziiie of the period. His descend- 
 ants claim as the arms of the family the following, which differ from those of the 
 Ritchies of Craigtown, granted as late as 1758, chiefly in substituting grifliiis' heads 
 for lions' heads : " 1st and 4tli, three griffins" heads eraseil on a chief gules ; 2iid and 
 3rd, a cres<;eiit between three crosses niolino argent ; rrext : a unicorn's head erased ; 
 motto: virtute actpiiritur honos." 
 
 * I finil a very faint tradition in the town that John C. and Thomas were only 
 half-brothers. 
 
')7G RITCHIE. 
 
 111. (Ist).Iiiiie 3. liHIJ,"). Charles Tlioniaa Cmiiiinsjjhaiii MacCoUa, 
 Harrister, (2iul i Auj,'. 2H, 1852, Anthony Francis Forbes, son of 
 Capt. Anthony VaiiSoniersill Forbes; 5, I{ev. .lames ,)ohnstono, 
 b. Feb. !), IHl't;, d. ,)an. 22, 18'.»L>, m. (1st) Kliza Aliiion (sister of 
 Amelia), 2 sons and l! dans., (2n(l) Sojihia IJarr, wid., »ii'i (Sarrctson, 
 of N.V., oni' son, (ii'iinic (('. ; (1, Flizabeth Lij^htenstone, b. 1817, 
 bpd. .Ian. iT., 1818, ni. Nov. lit. 1840, Hon. William .lohnstoiie 
 Almon, Senator (bro. of Amelia) ; 7, (leorye Wildman, 1). 18l!> 
 (bi)d. Oct. .'!), 111. iMi,ss .lane Cudlip, of New iJrunswick, d. yoiiiii.', 
 several eh. ; (by ."ird wife): 8, Alicia Maria, bpd. April 11, 18.">l!, 
 d. youn^' ; M, .loseph Norman, b. May 25, 18IU, in. (1st) Ajiril 14, 
 1858, .Anne Mary, dan. of Septimus K. Seaife, (2iid).hnie7, 1877, 
 Mary, dan. of .lolin Cochran, Es(|., Newjiort, uird), .Inne 4, I8!t5, 
 her cousin. Alice Maud, dan. of .lames H. Cochran, of Brooklyn. 
 Hants County. 
 
 iii. .\nn, b. .Aui;., 1781,* m. Daniel W. James. She was buried 
 "March 2(J, 1854, a. 72." 
 
 iv. Andrew Stiiliiiii, b. ])robably autumn of 1785, bpd. Ajiril 2.S, 17Ht!, 
 " Andrew Ritchie, of Itosette, buried Dee. 12, 185!», a. 74" (St. 
 Luke's Cii. rec.) Ho for some years w -s a merchant of St. .lohn, 
 N.U., where he in. Mars^'aret, dan. of Dr. Adino I'addock. and 
 represented tlio city and County of .St. John in the J'rovincial 
 Parliament from 1821 to 1827 inclusive, his colleagues in his first 
 term iieini.,' Ward Clii])iiian. afterwards Chief .lu.stice, John 
 Wiliiiot and Charles Simoiids. all distinj^uished men. He then 
 returned to Anna|iolis, and lived on St. (Jeorge's St., lower town, 
 but removed to Dalhousie and thence to Rosette : Ch. ; I, Mar- 
 garet Paddock, 111. 18511, (jreorge (iiliiiour; 2, William Pagiiii, in. 
 and lives in Perry. Me. ; o, Alicia Maria, m. William (iormlev ; 
 4, Thomas Heaborn, b 182:5, d. Feb. 2, 18!»t;, m. J.m. 2'.i, 1852, 
 Mari,';iret Klizabeth Co]ieland, and had son Jolni, b. lS54, now 
 in railway employ, Cliirriicc and others ; 5, Andrew Stirli) g, b. 
 1827, bu. Jan., 18,50, a. 22, uiiin. ; (i, Elizabeth .lohnstoiie. bpd. 
 Maj' 7, 183.'!, d. a. 4 years ; 7, Anna Thiirgar, b. Jfay 27, 18;i5, m. 
 Sejit. 11, 187(), John Wyman .lames, P'.sq. ; (probably) 8, Edward, 
 b. May 15, 184:5, m. Nov. 21, 1872, Annie, dau. of Kiehardson 
 Harris, Esq. 
 
 Of the above sons of Tlioiiias Uitcliie, lion. John W. Krrciiii; was 
 Solicitor-Gpiieral and M.L.C., 1SGI-G7, meinlicr of tlio Colonial Oonfei-- 
 ence on the union of the Provinces. 18()()-()7, Senator, 18G7, and appointed 
 Judge of the Huprenie Court in E(|uity, September 28, 1870. Sik 
 '\VlLLl.\M JoilssTO.NE Hi TCI UK practised law in St. John, N.P>., was a 
 member of the (jovernnieiit in 1854, Judge of Supreme Court, 1855, 
 Chief Justice of New Brunswick, December G, 18G5, and Judg<! of the 
 Supreme Court of Canada, October, 1875, and knighted after being 
 appointed Chief Justice of Canaiia, January 11, 1879. Hon. Joskimi 
 NoKM.\N UrrcniE wa.s apj)ointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova 
 Scotia, September 26, 1885, and is still living. 
 
 1. Andrew Ritchie married in Scotland, Margai-et McNeish, and came 
 to Boston, ]Mass., with his first-born child, and thorefoi-e Ijetween 1752 
 and 1755. Tlie rest of his children were born in Jioston. H(^ seems to 
 
 — -——■ : • See p. 164. 
 
Hkv. James J. Ritciiik, 
 
 Hi dor of St. Liilci'''t, Atn.-qmlU. 
 
RITCHIE. 577 
 
 have remained in Boston till September 3, 1777, when he was denounced 
 by the "Committee of Corresjioudenue and yaftity " as bein<i "inimical to 
 this State ; " after which he, doubtless hastentsd* to join his nephew at 
 Annapolis, with liis daughters and young children, Ijut the two or three 
 eldest sons probal)ly remained and took some part in the war on the loyal 
 side, for <"i tne muster lolls of Loyalists and discharged soldiers at 
 AnnaiKjlis taken between 18th and lilth June, 1784, the following names 
 appear as " Loyalists settled at Ai\napolis " : Andrew, Andrew L'nd, 
 Thomas, Matthew, James and John liitchie, of whom Andrew, sen., and 
 John were married, and each had a child under ten. Fn the Digby grant 
 of February 20, 1784, the names Andrew Ritchie, Andrew Ritchie, jun., 
 and Thomas Ritchie follow one another, .'300 acres to Andrew, sen., and 
 100 to each of the others ; anrl at some distance down there is a grant 
 of 300 to John, which would seem to imph' that Andrew, jun., and 
 Thomas were both unmarried. The author (juoted the " customs 
 accounts " in the archives as showing that Andrew and the first John 
 Ritchie were merchants in Annapolis as early as 1770. Andrew, sen., 
 was a loading spirit of the town from the time of his arrival till his 
 death, October 3, 1807. The dates of the birth of his children 1 get from 
 their recorded ages at burial, excejjt Andrew and Matthew, of whom I 
 can find no such record, and only place Matthew after James because he 
 is so placed when named with James in their father's will. Children : 
 
 (2) i. John, ]>. 1751 or 1752. 
 
 ii. Ann, b. before Nov. 24, 1754, m. William Cross ("bu. Nov. 27, 
 
 1842, a. 88 "). 
 iii. Margaret, b. about 1757, m. Francis B. LeCain, jun. 
 
 (3) iv. Andrew, )>. 17(>0. 
 
 V. Thomas, b. about 17*)3. Thomas Ritihie lived on a farm, took a 
 great interest and wielded SDUie influence in public att'airs*; was 
 elected a member for the townshij) of Annapolis, and made a Jus- 
 tice of the Peace in 181!) ; never married ; was buried May 13, 
 18.33, aged 70, a capable and worthy public man. 
 vi. James, b. before May 14, 1707, bu. May 14, 1847, a. 80, m. Rebecca 
 Messenger, probably dau. of Ebenezcr* : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, ni. 
 James Copeland ; 2, Harriet, m. Thomas Himlon ; .3, John, ui. 
 — Wright, (if Clements, and at one time livetl at North Range, 
 Digby County, where his brother-in-law, St.anley Wright, had 
 settled, probably several ch. ; 4, James, settled and n:. in N.li. ; 
 5, Daniel, m. Milbury (sister of Beecher M.); (i, Elliott, m. Lydia 
 Potter, ne'e DeWitt ; 7, Charles, m. in N.B. ; 8, Thomas, d. unm. 
 
 (4) vii. Matthew. + (His surviving son, David, aged 95, thinks Matthew 
 
 shcul 1 be next after Thomas.) 
 
 (5) viii. Robert, b. about 1772. 
 
 * Tradition says lu- escaped violence by Hight in the night to Marhleliead, wliere 
 he ynt on board a British man-of-war. 
 
 t Wherever 1 have met any family of this surname, however spelt, I have found 
 Matthew a favourite Christian name in it. 
 
 37 
 
578 RITCHIE. 
 
 2. John Ritchie, born 1751, nmnied, perhaps in Boston, Elizabotii 
 Prescott, or Proctor, and lived on tlie place a little to the eastward of the 
 Cape, now occupied by the widow of Alexander llitciiie, son of Andrew, 
 2nd, and near what was known as the Fred. Hardwick j)iacc. If he went 
 to school in (llasgow, as tradition says, and came home with the otiier 
 John, his cousin, he must, on his return, have been about nineteen. He 
 .died January' 1, 1S;{5, aged 83. Chihlren : 
 
 i. Miu-garot. b. about 1774, m. 1701, Charles Mott. 
 ii. Elizatjetli, b. about 177<), m. (1st) (Jeorge, son of Peter Pineo, jun. 
 
 (who lost his Hfo at AUaiu's Crook bridge during its construction), 
 
 (I'nd) — Bullcye. 
 iii. John, b. 177'.t, d. 1781. 
 iv. Thomas,!). 1782 (:';. descendants not traced. There was a Thomas 
 
 llitcbic, l)i)d. Dec. 28, 178<>, whom 1 cannot place, unless he is of 
 
 this family.* 
 V. John, b. 178."), d. unm. at sea ']ierhaps the one bpd. Dec. 28, 1786). 
 vi. Rebecca, 1). 17!>0, bpd. June 28, m. 1810, Sergeant- Major Robert 
 
 Trotter. 2.'Jrd Regt. Royal Welsh P'usiliers. 
 vii. Mary Ann, b. 17!);$, bpd. .March, 17!*4, d. unm. 
 viii. Rol)ert (a son or dau. of .lolin, name not entered, was bpd. Jan. 2, 
 
 17!>!t). '"• March 8, 1820, Martha Mossman : Ch.: 1, Ninetta, Itpd. 
 
 July 2. 1821 ; 2, Azelia Lonsdale, l)pd. June 1, 1823. He 
 
 renu)ved to N. B., where he prot)ably had other children. 
 
 '^. Andrew Ritchie was baptized in the First Presbyterian Ciiurch, 
 Boston, June 1, 17G0, and is tlie only one of the children of the first 
 Andrew whose liaptismal record I can find. He married, one would 
 judge from the dates of his children's liirths, after 1790, Elizabeth Card, 
 of Windsor, or, as some traditions have it, a woman whose mother's name 
 was Card. Perliaps she was a widow and there is some reason for 
 supposing he may liave been previously married, and the father of James 
 Pvitchie, who lived near Yaiinouth. He, after living .some years at 
 Windsor, returned to the county, and died at tlie house of liis son 
 Andrew at Rosette, or Moschelle, alxiut 1828. His widow was i)uried 
 April 27, 185;$, aged 85. Children : 
 
 i. Matthew, It. prol)al)ly 17'.'7 (a son or dau. of Andrew R. was l)]id. 
 Jan. 14, 17!>8), m. June 2. 182;^, Jane Ellis: (.'h.: 1, Wilkinson 
 ■lames Ex.shaw, lipd. Oct. 27, 1824, ni. Sept. 29, 1845, Ann 
 Balsor. several ch. 
 
 " ii William H., 1). 17!»8, bjid. Jan. 2, 17!Ht, m. (1st) May 14, 1821, Mary 
 
 Ritchie (dau. of Robert), (2nd) Jan. 18. 184!), Mary MacLauchlan : 
 Ch.: 1, Jane Eliza, bpd. 182(>, m. June 20, 1844, Stathern Bailey ; 
 2, Charles, bpd. 182(i ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Mary, m. Joseph Cope- 
 land ; 4, Fannie, d. unm. 
 
 * The few Hrst year's entrie.s of Mr. Hailey's register are admittedly made after 
 the event, and therefore defective, owing, lie writes, to his not being able to proer.re 
 a suitable l)Ook, and no records ke])t previous to iiis arrival can l)e found. He 
 alleged that tiiey had l)eeu taken to Halifax, and 1 think it likely they are in the 
 military arehives in London. A William Kiti.hie was baptized August, 1784. 
 
HITCHIK. 579 
 
 iii. Aiuliew, li. iiliout 1H04, <l. Nov. 2H, 1851, a. 47, in. (Ist) Catharine 
 Harkor, (2n(l) Aug. 13, 18:{7, Kli/.alwth Evans JoHerscm : Ch.: (liy 
 Ist w.) 1, Thomas, h. at Rosette, 182i>, ni, and lives in Yarmouth ; 
 (liy 2nil w.)2, Adeline Ale.^is, m. .lusejih li. Kinney, of Yarmouth, 
 M.P.P. (his Ist w.) ; ;i, John Jleid. d. -- ; James Henry, resides 
 in California ; 5, Mary Keid, m. (Jeorge Kinney, of Yarmouth — 
 these last four were all l)a{)ti/.cd Nov. 21, 1844 ; <i, Cornelia, bjid. 
 June 4, 1840, tn. J. Moore CaniphoU McDormand ; 7, Alexander, 
 ni. Nov. 30, 1876, Sarah Harris (dau. of Alexander); 8. Andrew , 
 9, Charlotte, ni. William Spurr. 
 
 iv. Thomas H., h. 180(5, m. June 14, 182'J, Jane Copeland, and d. 
 Dec. 25, 1852, a. 4r) : Ch. : 1, Charles, b. Jan. 20, 18:J0, m. Dec. 
 30, 1855, Harriet , Jefferson ; 2, John Arthur, b. .Ian. 20, 1831, m. 
 Harriet McDonald (lived at Milton, (,,Jueen's County), two .sons ; 
 
 3, William, 1). .lune 28, 1834, m. .lanet McMuUen (in Liverpool) ; 
 
 4, Edmund, b. March 28, 18.'!0, m. Feb. 4, 18(!4, .Jane Copeland 
 (dau. of .lames) ; 5, Robert Miller, b. July, .3, 1838, m. (Ist) 
 Mary Hennesy, (2nd) Agnes, dau. of Sylvester Comeau, of 
 Marshalltown ; (>, (Jeorge, b. .luly 10, 1840, d. unm. ; 7. Thou)as, 
 b. Aug., 1843, m. Maria Christopher (lived in Boston); 8, James, 
 b. Feb. 12, 1840, ni. Evaline Ritchie (dau. of Alexander, son of 
 Andrew) ; 0, Henry Albert, li. Nov. 12, 18.")0, m. Elizabeth 
 Ritchie (dau. of Thomas, son of Andrew Stirling). 
 
 iv. George, said to be younger than the preceding, m. Elizabeth Ritchie, 
 /ICC .Jett'erson : Ch. : I only, Jennie, m. .Jesse Jefferson. A George 
 Ritchie d. 1878, bu. Oct. '28, .said to be "aged 74." 
 vi. Susan, m. .John Langley. 
 vii. Caroline, m. William Hiudon. 
 
 viii. .Vle.xander, b. 181.3, m. Nov. 21, 1844, Mary .Jane Sweet. He d. 
 188ii, a. 73. Ch.: 1, Margaret LeCain, bpd. May 17, 1840; 2, 
 Fanny, b. July 31, 1850; 4, Evaline, b. Apr. 21, 18.52, perhaps 
 others. 
 
 4. Matthkw Ritchie married Elizalieth Easson, who was born 1775. 
 He was a master mariner. 8he was buried October 1, 1847, aged 72. 
 Children : 
 
 i. Thomas Easson, b. Oct. 3, 1793, m. Nov. 11, 1821, Jane Thompson : 
 Ch.: I, .John Edmund, b. 1824 ; 2, James, living on Virginia 
 Road; .3, Charlotte (these two were bpd. Jan. 0, 18.3((); 4, Charles, 
 bpd. Sept., 1833 ; 5, Mary .Jane, bpd. Sept. 15, 1835 ; 6, Avis, 
 bpd. Feb. 3, 1838 ; 7, Dorinda Thompson, bpd. Feb. 27. 1840 ; 
 8, George, bpd. Aug. 8, 1841. One dau. m. William Pinkney, 
 one m. James Robertson. 
 
 ii. Maria, b. Aug. 15, 179.5, d. 1815. 
 
 iii. John, b. Sept. 29, 1798, m. Mary Stiles: Ch.; 1. Enoch ; 2. Free- 
 man ; and others. 
 
 iv. Andrew, b. Sept. 22, 1799, d. March, 1888, unm. 
 
 v. David Easson. b. Oct. 9, 1801, m. March 3, 1831, Catherine 
 Ryerson : Ch.: 1, Simeon, d. unm.; 2, Sarah, m. David Easson ; 
 3, Charles, d. unm.; 4. Selina, m. Dec. 13, 1858, Charles Steadman ; 
 5, Ste])hen Delancey Ryerson, m Nov. 9, 1871, Fannie Sanders. 
 
 vi. Avis, 1). April 10, 1804, m. Thomas R. Spurr (son of Michael 3rd), 
 vii. Harriet, b. March 13, 1800, m. William Wheaton. 
 viii. Clara, b. Jan. 0, 1807, d. unm. 
 
 ix. William, b. June 24, 1810, m. June 10, 1851, Maria Sweet : Ch. : 
 Severi! d:ri«. 
 
 X. Mary Ann, b. Sept. 22, 1813. 
 
680 KriciiiK— uoAcii. 
 
 5. RoHKUT RiTciiiK, l)uiii al)()ut 177-, nmrrifid Avis Kasson, was a 
 sclioiil-teat'licr, and died .luiu' (1)U. Juno 5), 185.'i, ii<n'.t\ 81. Cliildien : 
 
 i. Alexiiniior Kas.soii, bjul. Due, 17!'!', m. •''in. H, IHIiO, Kli/,iil)oth 
 l.oC.iin, il. Aui,'. -'4, IH.'U : Cli.: I. Willimn A., 1>. April 15, 18;U, 
 ni. Jan. .'»(), lHri7, Funnii! Foster (hud ono cliild A'o/'i/koi /•'., iliud 
 without is.siiu) ; 2, John Mooro Ciiniphidl, It. May 5, IH',\'2. ni. 
 Joiuinii Duly (two <Ijiiih., Mdiii, d.. and /ir.v.s/e). 
 
 ii. John Easson, l>. Jan 1!', IHl.'f, m. IHMH, Harriet h, Mnylturry; was in 
 early life an aitilicfr and dealer in tin and hollow ware, and later 
 general merchant in .Vnniipolis, and now resides at Varnionth, n 
 much respected eiti/.en : I'll : 1, Sarah Hruce, I). .July 10, IH.'iO, 
 ni. Kdward Brown; 2, Ann Kli/.aheth, It. Aug.. 1H4(>, d. young; 
 13, Eninia Tlionias. It. Nov. H, 184'J, ni. Henry Xolilo ; 4, Caroline 
 lUker, It. Nov. 10, 1H4;{ ; Tt, David Alex.indor, It. Dec. IT), 1845, 
 m. Hunna I'enatigon, of St. .lohn, N.H., n ddes at Candiriilge, 
 Mass.; ti, llolii'rt llynnian Daviilson, It. .\u>j,. li", 1847, m. Ada 
 Hrown ; 7, Maria Uoj^ers, It. Oct. ITi, 18."t(), ni. Henjanjin Patten ; 
 8, Ella Avis, It .lune Ti, I8."i;i, in. (lat) Wni. II. Kinney, (L'nd) 
 .lauios NN'hitman, d. Dec. 10. 18!';") ; !), Bessie Dakin, It. April 2, 
 1857. 
 
 iii. Mary, ni. William Ritchie (son of .\ndrew). 
 
 iv. Sarah, d. unui. 
 
 v. David, Itpd. N(tv. 20, 1821, d. May, 1845, aged .SO, unm. 
 
 vi. C(din. Iipil. Oct. 15. 1828, m. Oct. 5, 1852, Sarah Lovett, sister of 
 .John VV. Lovott, E-sq., of Yarmouth: Ch.; 1, John Lovett, b. 
 Feb. 8, 1854 ; 2, Francis, b. May 18, 1850 iboth d. young). 
 Colin Ritchie, Rosette, d. Feb. 10, 1888. 
 vii. Helen, m. William LeCain. 
 viii. Ennua Malvina, m. William Thomas. 
 
 Roach, or Rochk. James Roach, or Rocnic, a native of Limerick, 
 came to Annapolis as an artificer in the employ of the Board of Ordnance, 
 and died in 1752, the year of the birth of ins .son John. The family is 
 no doubt of Norman descent, and was originally de la Roche. Burke's 
 " General Armory '' gives Roach as a variation of the name Roche, and 
 the coat of arms of the Roclie family presents the heraldic play on the 
 words roc/if (French), a /wX-, and r(i<ii:h, the name of a species of fish. 
 Roche, of Carasse, County of Limerick, Baronet (baronetcy extinct 1801), 
 bore arms, "Gules, three roaches, naiant ar., .a bordure engr. of the 
 last; crext, a rock, there(>n a stork clo.se charged on the V)reast, with a 
 torteau, and holding in his dexter claw a roach, all ppr.; motto, Dieii est 
 ma ror/ie." Another Limerick family is mentioned with arms slightly 
 variant. Roche, created Earl of Fermoy by James II. after his abdica- 
 tion, was son of a mayor of Limerick and grandfather of Sir Boyle Roche, 
 the distinguished mend)er of the old Irish Parliament. James lioach 
 had children as follows, but perhaps not exactly in the order here given : 
 
 i. .lamep, d. in the West Indies, 
 ii. Th(tmfts, d. in Boston, unm., accidentally killed, 
 iii. A daughter, m. Marniaiiuke Lamont, an English gentleman, Clerk 
 of the Cheque to the Beard of Ordnance, who returned with her 
 to England. 
 (2) iv. John, b. 1762. 
 
itoAcii. 581 
 
 w*. John Koacii, l)(>ni 1752, died Auf,'ust 'M, 1828, inuriiod Lydia 
 Frost, and luid oliildicn ; 
 
 i. Miir^;ivret, li. Doc. 22, 177">, d. iiniii. 
 
 ii. Jhiiios, h. .Iitii. 4, I77H, in. Full. 27, 1H|!», Kli/iiliotli ToriilinHDii : 
 Cli.: 1, Lydiii Miiiiii, b. .Iiui. 17. 1H20. m. Jan. (i. 1H:!1». TlidniiiH 
 Burtcin ; 2, Martini Ann, li. Sept. 12, IH.'2. ni. Hicluir.l H\i<,'hi)H ; 
 ;i, Uilliaui Homy. I>. .Auj,'. I.">. IH24. ni. May IK, 1H4!», Mary 
 liijigar ; 4. H'lorolla .tanu, ii. .Inly fi. IKl'7, hi. NVilliaiii llawko. 
 iii. Eliziilioth, Ij. .Ian. 24, I78(», in. Micliai'l Spurr (.son of Alirniii). 
 iv. .lohii, 1). Nov. Ti, I7H2, d. uniii. 
 
 V. Ailliiiiii Henry (sou inciiioir of William H. Koacii, M.I'.P.), b. 
 
 .Ian. 12, 1784, m. 1812, Mary Ann. (bin. of Major KoluTt 
 
 Tiiii]iany, a di«tiii'4iiinhtMl Loyalist: (Jli.: 1, Cliarlottu Isabel, b. 
 
 Sept., 18111, (1. uiiiii.; 2, Mary .\nn, b. 1810, m. I'arkniftn; 
 
 ;$, Lydia ; 4, Sarah .lane, b. line. 28, 1H1!», in. (i. A. Seymour 
 
 Cricliton, of Halifax; 5. Robert Tiiiipaiiy, b. Feb. 25, 182K. Uov. 
 
 RoiiKKT Tlmi'any liociiK, l>.l)., who now resides at Katontown, 
 
 New .lersey, in. .Ian. 12, I8.'")2, at Charlottetown, 1'. I'].!., .Sara, 
 
 .'(rd dan. of .lainu.s Harden I'aliner. .\tioriiey-(ieneral of I'rince 
 
 Edwaril Isliiiiil, and has live oil., one of whom, AVr. llihliirt 
 
 llcnni I'lilriil; Hnrln, Rector of Loiij; iSraneh, N..I., is a rising 
 
 minister of the I'rotestant Kjiiseopal Church of the I'liited States. 
 
 vi. Mary Ann, b. March 28. I7H7, d. unm. 
 
 vii. Marthii Maria, b. Oct. 27, 17i"'", m. .Anthony Hannan, Ea<|., .1.1'. 
 
 viii. Frederic Laniont, b. Dec. 18, I7'>2, d. aged 15. 
 
 Roach. P.\ti{|('K Roach, the pro},'enitor of this family, uanie with 
 the north of Ireland families — liui'iis, Dunn, Mc Bride, Neily and others 
 — either unmarried or married shoi'*ly before liis emij,'i'ation, for, accord- 
 ing to the census of 1770, all his chilchcn were horn here. He settled 
 first in (Ji-anville, but his eldest son, Matthew, on his marriage, removed 
 to VVilnn)t. His son James married and settled in Annapolis, where he 
 died, leaving an only child, a son, who died in 1888, in Massachusetts, at 
 an advanced age, leaving descendants there and in thi:^ county. His 
 remaining son, Patrick, moved, before the beginning of the century, to 
 the United States. He had children : 
 
 Marthn, b. 17()K, in. — Dulton, 
 
 Matthew, b. 17(i4. 
 
 .lames, b. 17<i5, m. Nan 'y Fairn. 
 
 Mary, b. 17<>7, d. .same year. 
 
 Patrick, b. 17<)8, in. 
 
 Hannah b. 177.'i 
 
 2. Matthew Roach, b. 1764, ra, 178.'), Phebe Ricketson : Children: 
 
 i. .Tames, b. 178(5, m. Phebe Foster: Ch.: 1, Eliza, in. .Joseph 
 Fleming ; 2, William H., in. Isabella VanBuskirk ; .3, Mary Ann, 
 111. Parker Morse 4, Charlotte, m. Thomas Orpin , 5, Jamea 
 Orandison, in. (1st) Priscilla Parker, (2nd) Lucy Freeman ; 
 6, Abraham, d. unm. ; 7, Mary Lavinia, m. Thomas Colley ; 
 8, .John Frederic, m. Hannah Freeman ; 9, Susan, m. Henry 
 VanBuskirk. 
 
 ii. Mary, b. 1787, m. (1st) Sila. Chute, (2nd) James Parker. 
 
 iii. Frederick, b. 178!t, in. 1817, Elizabeth Ricketson (dan. of Jordan): 
 Ch. : 1, Mary Elizabeth, b, 1818 ; 2, William Henry, b, 1821 ; 
 
 
 
 (2) 
 (3) 
 
 ii. 
 iii. 
 
 
 iv. 
 
 
 v. 
 
 
 vi. 
 
582 KOACII — KOUIiLKK. 
 
 ;», FhihuI. I.. IK2:«; 4, Lc.iiiwi, h. IHL'7 ; '., .Ihiiioh K., 1). IKJI ; 
 
 f), Klinr, I). IK'M ; 7. Siihhii Ann, l». IH.'MI. 
 iv. /olmiii. Ii. I7SH. in. IHlii, KninciH Noily : ('li.: I, Williiiiii MurMilen, 
 
 l». IHIT), in. L'liroliiio MiisttaH ; ti, lliiiiiiiih I'liikor, b. 1M17, in. 
 
 liii,'»iiH(>ii Spiiiiuiy ; .'<, Mmy, h. l«l!t, d. IH'JI ; 4, .loliii Ncily, 
 
 1). IH2l,ni. Mary .liiiio IIchkIi ; 5. Miiry .liiiu), 1». IH'J.'J, m. Williitin 
 
 Kimtt!!- ; r>, .lainuH I'lirkor, h. 182.'), in. Iliiiiiiiili .A. Cliutit ; 7. Ihu»(.', 
 
 t). IM-.'7, ni. Kli/jilittli Ni'wcunili ; H, Suriili .Ann, 1). IKMO, in. 
 
 Suiniit!l Spiiiiuiy ; !), KohiTt, (I. iiiiiii. ; 10, I'hcbo, d. until.; 
 
 II, (ii-iiruo. III. Kli/iiliotli KlindeN. 
 V. •Idliii, I). I7!*'<, 111. .loniHliii VVi'Ht, Kc'c L)('lonK(n(> iHBiitt). 
 vi. .AbrHliHiii, It. l7'-'r>, d. iiiiiii. 
 viii. Imiac, in. Mercy Wolton : Cli. : I, (Jilhort, in. Lucy Smith; 2, 
 
 (ionrnn, ni. Simaii (iati^H ; .'{, (iracinu. ni. .Foliii AndurHuii ; 4, 
 
 E/.okiol, 111. Mary VVIiouton ; f), Isaac, d. uiiiii. 
 viii. Warriiii, d. iiiiiii. 
 ix. U'aUur, d. iiiiiii. 
 X. Patrick, m. (Ist) fSirali Whitman, (2nd) Nancy Hakur, /nV Churchill : 
 
 ("h.: I, I'liebi) Ann, in. Uobort I'altoii ; 2, Lnvi, <i. at Hoa, uiiiii.; 
 
 (hy 2iid wifu) : It, Matthew, d. iiniii.; 4, Itcnjainin, in. 
 xi. IMiebo. 
 xii. Miriam, d. unin. 
 
 3. Jamks Roach, 1). 17()r), m. Nancy Fuirn, and ha<l child: 
 
 i. .laincH, 111. Eliza Schotield : Cli.; I, .Jainos Henry, m. Mary E. 
 Wo )dhury ; 2, (Jantliiio, in. David I). 'rupjHjr ; .'!, ('liarloH 
 Edward, d. iinm.; 4, Hunjaiiiin, in. Margaret Pollock ; T), \\'illiam 
 
 H., III. Mary }). Whitman ; <>, (leor^je Frederick, in. (no 
 
 iHNue) ; 7, Eli/a, d. unin. 
 
 l{onnr,KE. I'y family tradition, the l{ol)l)Ieos an^ of Scotcli f)ri^in, Imt 
 inov(( jirohalily the name i.s an Anfjliflcd form of tin; German Kapalye. 
 (Sal)ine mentions several prominent Loyalists of New York named 
 Rapalje and Hapeljo. — Ed.) Tlii.s name when spoken sounds to En;,'lish 
 ears very like Ualiliahto, from which the transition to Robhlee is 
 (^asy. Joiix RoHHiiKK came with other Loyalists to Clements, where 
 so many of liutch and (jerman extraction setthsd, hriiif^iiif^ with him his 
 ehlest .son, Thomas. Before IHOO the latter was in (Iranville, on a farm 
 which comjirised the most interesting spot, historically, in the Dominion, 
 jierliaps on the contini^nt — the site of Demonts' first fort and .settlement, 
 and of the Scotch settlers of l()21-ir).'{0 ; and when he took possession 
 the outlines of the old Scotch works were plainly visible. A dwelling 
 house, built twt-nty to thirty years ago, stands on the very spot where 
 Champlain's map of IfiOf) shows the bakery stood. In digging the cellar, 
 a bar of iron, such as would be u.sed to support the arch of an oven, 
 several cannon-balls and shells, and fire-bricks of foreign make were 
 unearthed. John's sons, William and Josepli, went to New Brunswick 
 and Prince Edward Island, and founded families in those provinces. 
 Thomas Roiiblbk, son of Jos<!j)h, adopted by his unchi Thomas, who hfwl 
 no children, was liorn 1774, died 1H54, married 1798, Hannah Delap, 
 born 1780, died 1877. Children: 
 
lt(»iiiii,i:K — liodi' lii<i<ii,Ks. SHM 
 
 i. John, li. I7'-M), III. Kli/.ii < Hiviii Miiiris, i>t llortini : Cli.: I, .IikIndii, 
 III. Syliil (;i'iiHcii|i ; \i, I'tOu'ccii, in. .I<iliii Litl InwiKul ; It, Miiry, 
 til. (iui>i';;u KiiMcliill ; t. I'/iiimlii, in. ■Iiiiiitis Itn^'iirt ; Ti, l.ncilla, in. 
 (ImI) OhitrlcH I'littiir, CJiidl Nciinmn l{i(t(! ; ti, .lulin, in. Kriincim 
 (Nivort ; 7. Kmiiui, in. Kol)oit I'arkor ; H, 'I'hoiniiH, (I. uiiiii.; 
 !), Kirtlikiiil, (1. iiiiin.; 10, llitniiikli, in. Siliis (jittluwond. 
 
 ii. •Iiiiiius, l>. IMDI, il. UIIIII. 
 
 iii. 'riioniiiN. ti. lH0:t, in. Iliumali Kli/ntiutli CioHuiip : ('li. : I, Miiry, <l. 
 UIIIII.: 2, Willidin, in. Susan Lcitcli ; :i, Suruli, in. .lolm Mc- 
 Oililndi ; 4, MuHos, III. ;\iiiia Itaxttu' ; Ti, Atalaiita (irauu, iii. 
 I'Vinlrrif .Anilci'Hiiti ; (i, Fniiik. in. Mary .li'im Unnii-y. 
 
 iv. Mary, l». IH(ir>, in. Kilwanl, s. nf Unv. Kdwanl llarrin. 
 
 V. Harris, h. IHOH, in. Ktinii'c Katon : (Jli.: I, 'riininaH, in. Ut) Mary 
 S. Wulilair, (L'ml) ( Jiiitrudi) ('arvoll ; '_', .hindi, in. Miiiniit Wallaci! ; 
 It, Sarah, unin.; 4, Kli/.alictli, in. Kicli.ird llitnnott ; a, Hannah, 
 III. IttiV. Williain Kidttdut ; ti, Kiinicu, in. William Skiiiiiur Kiitliur ; 
 7, William, m. Sai.ih Millci'. 
 
 vi. .\nii, I). IHIO, m. William H. Hall. 
 vii. SiiHaii, II. IKj.'t, III. J<iHf|ih Kcid Hall. 
 
 viii. Josiiph, )). iHiri, 111. Lucy Hall (d;iu. <>! Ilmiry): (Mi.: I, Stoplitiii 
 H., III. Aniialirl Chutc!; "J, .laiiu-s, d. unin.; .'t, Watmtn, d. uiiin. ; 
 4, Julia, III. .Iiisi'|ih (!r(is(;u|) ; "i, Harriet. 
 
 ix. tliidHoii, I). lHir>, III. Syliil ('r(iscu|). 
 X. Kli/.alititii, b. I>^l'.», 111. .laiiK's 'ruwiiHlii'iid 'riioriio. 
 
 xi. William, t>. IH'Ji, d. iiiiin. 
 
 xii. Sarah, li. IMlTi, iii. Sti!|ihoii B. Truop. 
 
 Roop. John IIimh', ]iii»li;ilily of (icrmdii descent, caiiic to tlii.s county 
 uinon^ th«! Loyalists, had ennsideraliie family, and left a larj^e posterity, 
 tispeciiiliy in l^igliy ('onnty. One of his sons, .lohii lioop, juii., in. (1st) 
 Mary Uitinars, (I'nd) Oct. 12, IK-Jfi, .lano Pickup. C'liildren : 
 
 1, John, b. 1808, ni. Sarah Ann Tickiip ; 2. Catharine, b. IKOO, in. James 
 Hains ; ',i, Mar^jarot, b. IHI2, iii. (Jilbort I'arker; 4, Dmnv Ditmars, b. 1KI4, in.; 
 5, Sarah, b. I8ir», in. Itaioii; (i, Mary, b. IH17, m. Michael Syphor; 7. Ami, 
 b. 18!!), m. Jan. !>, 184(t, JameH Meiritt ; 8, (Christopher, b. 1821, iii. (U.S.A.); 
 !>, Isaac, b. 182.'l, in. (I'.S.A.) ; (by 2nd wifiO 10, William, m. Christina Munm; 
 11, Susan, III. Israel I'ottor ; 12, Olivia, m. (Jorni)linH Lcttcnoy ; l.'t, Josi^ih, m. 
 Asenath ('harlton • 14, James, in. lieinma I'ottcr ; 15, Melis.sa, m. Harris 
 flutl'urHoii ; l(t, Lciuisa, in. Abraham I'ottcr. 
 
 RrrtOLKH. Tlin name de Hiij^ifc'ie and do llii<;}j;el<^y can Ih! found in 
 England as a name of local note early in tlio tliirteentli century, and of 
 more general distinction in the next ccsntury. Tlio immigrant ancestor of 
 the American family was de.scendeil from Thomas liuggie, who was of 
 Sudlmry, Sull'olk C'ounty, in 1517, and who had, among otiier sons, a son 
 Nicholas, who had a son Thomas. Tlie name of the wife of this Thomas 
 is nc>t known; but he removed to Nazing, Ksse.v. lie had two sons, 
 Thomas and Jolin, who settled in Koxliury, Mass., in l(i;i7 and ioS.") 
 respectively, and no doulit other children. This Tliomas, son of Nicholas, 
 and grandson of Thomas of Sudbury, Suffolk, has been erroneously con- 
 founded with anothi!!' Thomas, of Lavenham, Suffolk, who m. Margaret 
 
■)84 Kldfil.Ks. 
 
 Wliiitliick, mill liail ci^^lit cliililifti, iiml was n ^mmlHon of Williiun, ii 
 bnitlicr ot" till' 'riiniiiiis lirst inrntiiiniMl. ami tliiTi't'ori" a him'iiihI cKiisiii to 
 till' fiitlu'f lit' (lir t wn iiniiii;;t'iiiit iiiitTNlKis ut' tlir Nrw l'/ij{iaiiii family. 
 Tlioniiis, till' iiiiiiii;,'nuit tn Hoxlnirv, was hurii in l.'iSI ; liailasmi Saimii'l, 
 1>. Kl'JK. Ml. (Ut) Haiiiiali, ilaii. of (ii'i»i>,"' Kowlo, of Cliiwlcstowii, ('Jiiii) 
 Ann, ilaii. i>f lli'iiiv ami Ami r>iii.'lit, of Wati'itDwii. Hi- was a pruiiii- 
 lu'iit I'ili/.i'ii ami puliiic oIliciT in Uiixiiiiiy, ami sn was his sun Sainucl, 1). 
 ICfiS, liy liis lirHt wife. Saiiiiiol (tliP youiij^iT) in. Martha W'Dudhriilyi? 
 (dau. ot" Ucv. iloliii WoDilhriil;;!', and ;;iaiiililaii';liti'r nt' K(n'. John Wood- 
 Itrid;.'!', of Wiltshiio, who caiiif with liis uncle. iJcv. 'riioinas ParkiT, first 
 minister in Ncwhury), and hcraini' thf father of l{i'\. Tiiiiothy l!uj,';^les, 
 and ^'ranilfatlier of {'.iiiuADiKH (Skskhai- Timothv llufiiiLEs, who was 
 born Oc'toher II, 1 7 1 1. ;,'raduafi'd at Harvard I7.'{-, in. Ilatlisheha, only 
 dau;,'hter of Melatiah liouinc, and widow of William New(;oinl), and thus 
 tlieri' is a kinship lietween the l{u;;j{les family of Annapolis County, and 
 the Holdsworths of Dij^'hy County, whose Loyalist ancestor married a 
 Miss i'lourne. — [ Kd.] 
 
 A sketch of the history and si r\\L'>s f)f this distin^'uished man may lie 
 ap|)ropiiately introduced by ipioting the following; description of tli(» 
 Kin,'lish hoiiic of Ids ancestors in Essex, from the* New Kngland 
 Historical and (!enealo;,'ical lle;,'ister for April, lf<7l : 
 
 Ckmokai, 'riMoriiv IIuoulks. "The rural village of Naziiij,',* in Ksscx, 
 the 'iioine,' as it has been called by an American author, 'of our fathers,' 
 around which were clustered the alVections and remembrances of tliiur 
 youth, comprises the north-west corner of Waltham half hundred. There 
 is a peculiai" feature about this quiet little villaj.;e and its surround in j^s, 
 which is strikin>,'l\ characteristic of the many ru.stic homesteads and 
 picture.s<|ue spots for which old Enj^'land is noted. One mif;ht imagine 
 from the great number of gal)le-fronted cottages, with low thatched roofs 
 and overhanging ea\i's that abound in Nazing upland especially, and the 
 di.stance it is from any line of rail, that it had undergone but little 
 change during the past three hundred years. 
 
 "Tlicolil ])inisli <'liur('li i.s situiitcil on the side of a hill (ivcrlooking part of 
 Hei'tfonlsliire anil Midille.'J'jx, uiid hoimdi'd (in tiiecast liy tile River Leu, and on the 
 west and south liy Waltham Abbey and Kpping. It consiHls of a chancel, navo and 
 north aisle, witli a 8(|iiiue einliatlled tower containing five hell.s. The ]iody and ai.slo 
 are divided liy four pointed arches, rising in inreular elusteied eolunins. Behind tiie 
 first column, whieii is a))i)arently lioUow, is a small door, leading by a narrow wind- 
 ing stairs to an aperture, in front of the chancel, sutficiently large to exhibit a jierson 
 nearly at full length, to the congregation. Tliis was, no doubi., the entrance into 
 the rood-loft ; lint wlietiier it was intended originally as a jilacc of penance is not 
 certainly known. It is evident, however, that at no remote period it was used for 
 
 — ■ * ■ 
 
 * From Niere or Xare — Xosc. 
 
Rir(i<iLEH. :»M.) 
 
 |llir|l<m(!N of ({('lll'l'lll lliallkH^'JN iri^', IIH mi u wcimlrll tulilrl ln'lli'ilt ll till' M|li'ltlllr JH 
 
 iiiMi'iilii'il till' line liiiiiili'i'il mill Hixti-oiitli iValiii, ° I will |ia,\ iii\ vuwh iiiitn t lir l.iinl 
 ill till- KJglit of all till' |M'ii|i|i'.' 
 
 " TliiM I'liiirrli waH a|i|ii'ii|ii'iat<'il hy KiiiK llainlil In IiIh llini i\r\\ l\ fminilril < liiiii li 
 in W'altliain, ami wan liixt Nii|i|ilii'il liy tlir Caiioii- ut W'iill liaiii, m l>y |ii-r-4iinM 
 
 U|»|M>illll'l| liy llll'IM " 
 
 ll WHS from this historic and iiitcn'stiiiju \illii^r<' that ihi' |)tii^i'iiitoi's 
 ot' the ltii;;;{l)>s family (>ini;(rat*'(l to Aim-iii'a. I''n'i|iii'tit iiit'titioii is inaih> 
 of th(! iiaiiu! ill old Jud;,'f Samui'l ScwcH's diary, |tlH()l7l'<). In 170S, 
 under date DcccinlM'r liith, on the occasion of the dcatii of a iiicnilicr of 
 liis family, he says ; " I j,'o to the (io\ernor's (l)iiilley*) and spejik altoiit 
 [pall] iM'arers, he leaves it to me : so does my son. As I come home I 
 HjM'iik for Sirt Huj,'i,'les 'rimothy, son of Martha AVoodl)iid;{e, my 
 ancient aci|iiaintance and townsman,' etc. 
 
 'I'he name Timothy lias continued to (h'si^'iiati' the eldest son of the 
 eldest son, in that hiancli of the family to the present lime 'i'imothy 
 l)wij,'ht Uujij,'les, of Briilj,'etow n, barrister at-law, Q.t'., In-ini,' tlu) si.xth 
 who in successive ^.generations lias home it. His son Timothy marks 
 the seventh ^{eneration. 
 
 The first Timothy and his Histers [laiinah and Patience l{u;,'^'les were 
 admitted to full communion in 170!*, his sister .Martha in 1710, and 
 Sarah in 171 1. J 
 
 Jo.seph iiuj,'i,'les, whom I take to lie him who afterwards settled in 
 Aylesford, ownc 1 two no)j;ro scsrvants in I 70^*, whose names were Ih' mael 
 and Venus. A curious method was adopted hy memliers of the IJuj^^jlc; 
 famil}', l()7r) IGOO, to distinj^uish the three existing' Johis, the tcnns 
 major, minor and middle lieinj,' used for that jiurpose. 
 
 . To the Rugi^leses and Paystms — who also came to America in the 
 same shi[),j! during the iirst j^eiK^ation, was applitd the name of the 
 •' Nazing Christians." Thoma', Ru,^;,des was the first of these to die, 
 haviiiji,' dejiarted this life November 18th, 1(544. 
 
 The fact that the " Roxhury Land Records " are filled with the names 
 of this family, proves beyond dispute their early and continuous residence 
 in that district. 
 
 The Rev. Timothy Ru;,'gles, minister of Rochester, Mass., having first 
 graduated in Har\ard, being the second of the name to have achieved 
 that lumour, married and was ordained about the same time, and his 
 first child — the man of whom we are writing — was born in that town on 
 October 11th, 1711. The long ministry of this gentlenvin among the 
 good people of Rochester bears ample testimony of his diligence and 
 
 * Governor Dudley was, I think, Sewell's son-in-law. 
 
 + " Sir" seeniH to have been a title given to Harvard Htiidentx in their second year. 
 
 Ij: These facts have been gleaned from ))arish reiiords. 
 
 i; Lists of Kniigrants hy Camden Totten. Leg. Lili. 
 
•■>H(i in;(ir.i,Ks. 
 
 fiiitlifulness as a pastor, and an'ortls uiuloiibtt^d proof of the ro<,'ar(l and 
 estwMn in whi(!li \n' was held by tlioso whom lio srrvwJ. Though his life 
 8e(Mns to liavc been a busy ono, lie is said to liave found tinin to superin- 
 tend the earher education of his young son, the future lawyer, statesman 
 anfl general, who was thus fitted at an early age to pass tlu! matricuila- 
 ticn examinations nec(>ssary to his entraiK^t; upon his college coui'se. He 
 giaduated in 17.'$2, being then just twenty-one years of agc^, and (»n 
 leaving college ]n'. at once proceeded to the study of the law. He had 
 not been at the liar long ])efor(! lu! was ehjcted to a seat in the Massa- 
 chusetts Asstnubly, in which he was instrumental in the passage of an 
 Act, still in force, to prohibit sherill's tilling writs. In his profession.'.l, 
 aa well as in his legislative capacity, he soon gave evidence of a. degree 
 of ability far above? mediocrity, and it was not a very long time before 
 he found himself occupying a high place at the IJar of his native; j)ro- 
 vince, and taking high rank among the most tluent, finished and forcible 
 speakers in the halls of its legislature. 
 
 8j)eaking of the (estimation in which he was held in his profession, a 
 writ<!r of some note; tells us: " His re^jiutation was so grtmt that hi; was 
 early and freejuently employed in the adjoining counties of Barnstable 
 and Bristijl, and was tlie principal antagonist of Colonel Otis in causes of 
 importance."* About this time (1740-1745) he removed from Rochester 
 to Sandwich, where he jirewecutcd his profc^ssion with constantly 
 increasing reputation until 1757, whim ]w was made a Justice in the 
 Court of Common Pleas. Five years later he was gazetted Chief Justice 
 in that court, a place which he held acceptably until the beginning of 
 that gi-eat revolution which ultimately <lrove him into exile and com- 
 {)arative poverty. The Severn Years' War, 175()-17G.'5, which was termin- 
 ated by the treaty of Hubertsburg and e)f Paris in the latteir year, rageei 
 violently on this cemtinent ; the old colonies, particularly Massachusetts, 
 lending eve-iy possible aid to tlm Mother Country in her attempts to curb 
 or elestrejy the power of I'^-ance in America. In 1750, and almost 
 immediately before Mi- Ruggles' appointment to the Bench, he accepted 
 a colonel's commission in the forces raised by his native province, for 
 service on tlie- frontieMs of Canada. In the? campaign which followeel, Im 
 serveid unele^r the eonnnand e»f Sir William Johnson, and did good 
 service in the e^xpedition against Crown Point, and in Se^ptember of the 
 same year, he was second in e;onunanel under that leaden- at the battle of 
 Lake; Gejorge, in wliie-h the French uncier Baron J)i(!skau, met a signal 
 defe'at, after very severe anel obstinate fighting, in which he distinguisheel 
 himself for ccjolness, courage aneJ ability ; and so highly were his services 
 esteemeel on that occasion, that he; was promoted to the positie)n e)f 
 General of Brigaele^ and placed under the command of the Conunnnde'r- 
 
 *(). A. WiU'ii in ('nririii'.s Jouriid/, f^cimlon, 1842. 
 
UUGOLES. 58f 
 
 in-chief. In 1758 he coininaiuUHl the third (livi.sion of the provincial 
 troops under Abercrornbie, in the unsuccessful attack upon Ticonderoga, 
 which was d«!f(!ndcd by Montcalm, who resisted all the (ifl'orts of the 
 Hnglish, dcifeating them witli a loss of 550 kille<i, and nearly 1,100 
 wouniled. Jii'igadiur Itugghvs also served with distinction and credit in 
 the campaigns of 1759-17(50, under Amherst. In the winter of 17(')2, 
 wliile the belligerent forces on both sides were in winter (piaiters, he 
 had the lionour to be chosen Sp(!ak(M' of the House of K(!pr(!sentati\es. 
 The conduct of Mr. Uuggles as a military conmiandei' has been highly 
 praised by most competent judges. The writer, whom 1 have before 
 (pioted, and who was in a position to be well infoi'nied, says on this 
 luiad : " Few men in tiie Province were inoi(! distinguished, and few- 
 more severely dealt with in the bitter controvei'sies prt^ceding the 
 revolution ; as a military otlicer- he was distinguisluul for cool bravery 
 and excellent judguumt and scienc(! in the art of war, and no provincial 
 olficer was held in higlu'r estt-em for those- (|ualities. His appearance 
 was commanding and dignified, being mui'h above the connnon size ; liis 
 wit was ready and brilliant ; his mind clear, comprehensive! and {)ene- 
 ti'ating; his judgment was pi-ofoinid and his knowledge extensive;; his 
 abilities as a public speaker placed him among the first of the day ; and 
 Iiad he been so fortunate! as te) have embrace'el the! pe)j)ular se-ntiments 
 of the time-s, there is no eloubt he woulel have ranked aiiiemg the 
 heading characters of the! re'volutie)n."* 'I'his is very high praise! ; l)ut 
 there is certainly no douV)t of its being we 11 ele!se!rved, and has additiexial 
 weight, coming as it de)es from one whe) had be!(!n " so fortunate as to 
 have adopted the popular sentiment e»f tlu! times," 
 
 Tlie war having terminated in 17G0, his military services were no 
 longer reeiuirejd, and h(! at e)nc(! exchangee! his military unife)rm for his 
 barrister's gown and resume!el the practice! of liis pi'ofessie)n. About this 
 time, 175.'?, ho re!me»ve!el fi-om Sanelwich to Hardwick, where he! built a 
 dwelling, se) substantial that it is saiel te> subsist te) the present elay. 
 During the following eight or ten years, T have' e)idy e)ccasional glimpses 
 of him. I have! already saiel that he! was Speaker eif the ffe)use e)f 
 Representatives in 1762, anel following ye'ars, and that he was at the 
 same time! Chief Justice in tiie Connne)n Pleas. f As the dispute's and 
 distractiejiis wliich were ultimately te) culminate! in war, grew to volume 
 and virule'nce, and the pee)ple biigan to take! sides, the!re was in) eloubt 
 as to the party to which Mr. Hugghis intende!(l to attach himse'lf. I>y 
 
 * It has been Biiiei l)y men coiiipejtunt to jiulgc timt lie woulel Imvej liw!n 
 (ip|)e)iiite!el ('oiuiiiarKlcr-ine^hief, and litjcii tlin first I're'sieU^nl e)f tile! Uiiite'il States 
 in lii'U of Wasliiiigton. — [ l''i).] 
 
 t Alxmt this tirnej lie was (i|)](oiritcil " Surve'yoi'-(<e!nt'iiil of tlii' Kin>,''.s I'^oii'sts," 
 "an e)llii;e! e)f protit iittoneloil with little laljour." This was a rfwaril for his 
 military servieies. 
 
588 III :(i>'iM;,s. 
 
 pen iiiirl loni^iif, ill llu' liiills of l.lin liC^isliituns an<l on t.li»( pldlforin Im 
 (liM'lai'oil ii^fjiiiiHl ri'hcllinii and IiI()0(IhIh(|. Suys a wrilur of t.li(^ pi-riod : 
 "111 (;oii.sri|ii<'n(M' of l,lin j^rii'v<»ii,s I'x.'irlioiis of (lie i'>ril,i.Oi (Jovci'iiiik'hI., 
 (iol<!;{aU!.s w(^r(' clioscn liy tlic liC/^islatnii' to iiicfl, t,ln^ (li-lcj^al-cH from t.li<! 
 oIImt rolonicH, at Ni'.w York, l,(» sci'k oiil woini' pnlilic relief from iminr- 
 (lial.r and t.lircatencd evils by a repr<^s(riil,atioii of llieir Hul1<'rin>,'H to l.lie 
 kin;^ and I'arliament,.'' Mr. Ilii;f;,de.s was cliom^n as one of the delej^ii.te.s, 
 on (lie pari of MasHaeliiiHettH, and was a,lso elected " I'resident of that 
 (U'li'hrated (yon;^rf^Hs of dist inj^iiiNJied mitii from r.ii;i, of the eoloiiies." 
 Jl(^ openly diHsented from the renolveH passed l>y tl"- ( 'onf^ress, over 
 whose pro(;ee(hii;4H he |ireHid('d, and thus not only ineurred their dis- 
 pleasure, hut the anj^er of the AssiMiilily whieli had <riiosen hi'ii to r(^pro- 
 Heiit tliem as a dclc;4a,te, for we are told that lie " was iti'iisiiriiil liy the 
 House of |{cj)reseiitatis(^s, and repriimindrd hy tlie Speakiw in his plaee." 
 
 When the appejil to arms had Iteen (iiially decich-d on hy the Ameriean 
 peo|)le, till' pr)|)ular exeitenient was at a f(%arful hei;{ht, ;iiid all thosti who 
 had eounselled iiKKleration, eitiier in demand or action, weri! diMtjuiiid to 
 lie eiiemif^s to their country and traitors to tin? (•aiisc; of liljerty, and as 
 HiK^h worthy of death. No man in Massachusetts was re;;arded as so 
 inimical to tln^ cause of rehejiion as (ieiu^'al llui^/^les, whosir known and 
 reco^ni/iMJ aliility, ^nwit eiier>.(y, and untlincliin^ i;oura;{(; made him an 
 ohjeitt of fear as wiOl as dislike ; and, to crown his unpi)pularit,y, he was 
 maih^ a Mii.ii.ilnnin.H Councillor, a position which he acce|)l,('d at the hands 
 of the drown, anil for whi<'h lie ijuaiified him.self in due form, notwith- 
 HUiHiVm^ all tlie inlluen<!(!s hrouj^lit to hear upon him to prevent, him iloin;^ 
 HO. This last fact/ wu. ieiuiied a deliance^ on his part, of the powers of 
 the rirhels, and thi^y prociseded to deiioiince him as a iiiali;{iiant, and 
 openly Ihre/itcned his life. in coriseipieiice of this violence he was forced, 
 with his family, and such of his nei;fhl)ours as riMiiaiiied loyal t< f he Mither 
 (Jouiitry, to seek safety and refuse with the Ih'itish forci^s in liustftn. On 
 the evacuation of that eity, Mr. I{u;,'j^les went with it, and was I hijlieve 
 in lion^ island diirini^ its opiirations a;^ainst the rehel forces in tJiat direc- 
 tion, hut I liave failed t/odiHciiver many particulars <;onc(W'niii;^' his life and 
 doin;;M at this timi!. In I7HI( I find him an exile f nun his native province 
 in his old a]L{e, hut, still as vij^orous as he was loyal. lie was living in the 
 (Miiinly in that yi^ar, and at l)i;{liy or Annapolis, lie hiuj made an 
 application for a frrant of lands in tliat portion of tin; I'rovince, in tin; 
 early part of the year, as will more fully appear from this letter which tlio 
 Surveyor (JeiKM'al addressed l-o him uiidei' date July 2nd in tliat year-. 
 
 Mr. Morri.s' let,ter was as follows : 
 
 " Sill, - 1 mil ijiicclcd liy (Jovt'iiior I'liir to asHiiii! ymi lie will pay eviiiy attcii- 
 tiiiii Ui ydiii- ,ip|)li(!iitii>ii for liii Ihoiisfiiiil iu'VI'h of liiiiil, lieiii;; hilly (•oiiviiK^eiJ nf ycmr 
 tiierit, 1111(1 HciiHihIe c>f the many iiiisfortiiiuiH ynii iiavi siitt'ciiMl in the iiitn iinhiippy 
 
HIHJdlJCH. ;'.S!> 
 
 ('i)lltimt. Iln \» ii|>|)l'<'li(!nMlvi' I lull I III! IiiiiiIh ynil liii'lllinii will, ill hhiiii' i|i';4ii'r, JiiliT- 
 I'liri! with llir. |>l'i!HI!llt. MutI li!lliril> fiil'lllill^ lliri'i', lillil Iiiih ijiiri'li'il iiH' I <i |i<illil nut. 
 iitlliM' lanil for ymi. I tlirirt'nii: In';- Imivn (i> iriiKlllliKiliil liiiul t.u llii^ raMlwiiliI of 
 ()i'iiiivill(!, anil III III!' iiiii'l liwiiril of I In; fiiiiiiH hcIIIi'iI in Wiliiint ; llial. Ih to Hay, \»'- 
 \Vli:fii llioHi' fiuiiiH mill I 111' liay of Kiimly. 'I'IiIm laiiil Ih naiil liy IIiomi' who know il. 
 Iiiwl., to III' aiiioii;; I III' fiiM^Hl ill t III' I'l'oviiu'i^, iiiiil llio iniii'aMin;; hi'I I li'iiii'iit in Wiliniil 
 (iuIiIh III) I III' Miliii' of il. cvi'iy ilay. 
 
 " I liopi', afli'i' iiii|iiii'iii^ ,'ilii I III' niallrr, yon V'<ll Miri'|il of a loiiilion in Hoinr 
 pail of I liJM I rail , or in hi mm of I lir hinils on I lii' liai^k of Annii|ioliH, wlinli IimM' liiti'ii 
 rcpniHi'iilril 111 III' rxli'i'iiii'ly Koml, iiihI wliii'li liavd liri'ii ii|i|iliril lor li\ ininy pi'i'- 
 iHoiiH, liiit not yi'l ii.HHi){iiiiil III any oni\ Mr. VVIIIiaiiiH Iiiim a ^raiil of I .'lOU iii'|-i!h 
 Hoiiii^wlittri* I liiM'iialionlH ; lii^ will ^ivi' yon nvciy ni'iTSHary iiiforiiialioii in llirKi; 
 inaM.crs. I liavr In inlrriil llic favour of a lini! from yin in iiiihwi'i- a.s hooii im 
 you i^aii III' infill iiii'il in whiuli Iruul In i'Iioohh. I liavr tlii' lionour In la , ' r.U: , i^li:. 
 
 Oh IJk? IDlli of I 111! H/iriif! inoiilli, (Jm Snrvi'yordnimi'jil liavin;^ rt'CM-ivod 
 a reply tVoiii (iciii'i'al I!ii}^;.;1ch, Ui the fitvi'^ii'iu'^ li'.Uvr, wyiiir Ut liiiii a;.;aiii 
 ill till! t.ciiiis t'lillowiiif^ : 
 
 "Sill, I liavi' lii'i'ii lioiioMii'd wit II I III' faviiiir of your li'l I ir, ili'livircij iiir liy 
 (lolonr.l Small, ami liavi; Hiiii'i'. Iiiiil fri'i|Ui'iil op|ioit iinil irs of talking willi I liii <iiiV(ir- 
 tior U|iiiii yiiiir |tarlii'ular Hihi.il ion, anil lint i^nal ili'Miri^ you liavr to proi'iiri' moiiii'' 
 lliiii>< poriiiaiiitilt for your family. lln lum ^ivrn nir in wrilin;; llir loilowiii^,' 
 ilirri'lion.i In iihhui'I' (irniriil I!ii).^')^Ii'h, ami all ollii'r LoyiilinlH .ipplyin^ for laml, 
 that hr wIhIi^m to aiMomiiioilati' all of lliiim iis ii iicli iih '\h in his powir, lint from llir 
 viihI miinlii'iN who lia\i' alrcaily ronii', ami air i unl iniioiiKly ('omint^ loHrlthr in Ihr 
 I'roviiirr, III! linilN it imliMpi'iimilily lu'rCHMiiry to piml poiii' any furl lirr arraiiKi'mi'iil 
 until liii nici'ivrH His Maji'Hty'M iiiHtrinlioim upon llir .snlijirl. Aj^rrrin^r with you, 
 that ' thr primary (ilijiirt of (iovrrnmrnt Ih, ami ou).;lil to lir. Ihr Nrttliiif^ of thr 
 rolony, anil lii^xt to that, to rxtciiil ilonatioiiH to Hiirli iih liavr siilli'inl inoHt,' hr. haH 
 ilirt:<:tril mr In hhhiii'i! yon tint tin nooii aH HIh MajrHl.y'H plriiHiirr in imnlo known in 
 irHpri't III Ilir... uiallrrH, I hat you air tliii forrmo.sl to itjirivr wiial. favour ami 
 inilul^jrnrr il. niay lir in liiH powrr lo (^'ivr. 
 
 " .MiiHHi'H. Hoi 'foul, HaiiHitr ami (Inmminn.s wrrr rrronimrnilril in Sir .Amirrw 
 llainmoiiil liy <lrm'ral (larlrlon, in Ihr Mtron^;rHt Irriim poH.sililr, i\» a^jrnlH for a 
 nuiiilirr of LoyaliHiH who riimr with thrm, ami olhri'H that wrrr to ronir, ami in 
 tr<!titril .Sir Amlrr.w to o-xurt hiiiiHcIf in thnir lirlialf. In ronKri|nrnrr of this rrnim 
 tn'tliihition, ami a rrpi^titioii of it to (•ovrrnor I'arr, Ihr (tovurnmrnl. upon Ihrir 
 I'lKtonimriiilal ion ^avi! iiir orilri'H a ropy of whirli I rnrlimi! yon liy whirli you will 
 Hiir I hat all tin laii<l from AnnapoliM In Si. Miiry'H Kay am! roiiml Ihr l!ay to Ihr 
 (.'apr am) tf) Varmoutli, lirforr unappro|iriiilril, wrrr ilrNin il lo lir lai<l oul in lifly 
 arrr farm lots, anil propri lown plotH, for I hr rrrrplion of Ihr l.oyaliHlH. Umlrr 
 IIiIh oriirr my ilrpntirM' air at pri'Mriil ai'lin;^. l''or I lirni) r(!ii.soiiM I wiih iiiilmnl lo 
 liikr Ihr I i lir it y, with I hr (•ovrrnor h approliation, to rrromnirnd ol iiri- IiiihIh lo yon ; 
 anil I lirg h'livo again to hhhiipu you, HJr, liiat uitlirr of Ihr IrarlM I rrriiinniriiilril arr 
 far Muprriiir lanilH to iiiiy in tlio iiliovr ilislrirtH, ami all iiriNoiiM of any kmiwlri|j>r of 
 till! roiintry, ami of I lirsr trartH in parlirular, will join inr in iIiIh r{iiiiioii. 'I'lirrr 
 hiivu iMirn many appliitalloiiM for llnit Imrk of .AnmipoiiM, in parti iiliir, liy our ohl 
 
 * MIh ilrpiilirH in llilHi'iiunty at thi.stiinr wrrr 'riiom is .Milliil^r, I'liinras .Mill 
 iilgr, •lohn Harris, .Jimrpli KuggliiH, ,lohii MoriiNon ami onu or two otlirrs, wIiohi> 
 liailirH ha\r rHi-aprii mr. 
 
600 HI «;<;i.i;s. 
 
 iriliiiliitiirilH, wild luivr fii-ijui'iil ii|i|m)|I iifiil H'h nf Mi'iiriliiiiK mil I lie Iii'hI,. I Impn, 
 llicri'lorr, vi>ii will, iifliT limiiiK ii hIiiiii' fur y"iiin"l' "'"I liiiiill.V, iuit|iI nl I liii 
 rxillliiliili!!' Ill mil' III tlinHi' |iliii'i"i |ii<i|MiMi'i|. m ill iiiiv iillii'i |iiLil III llii^ riiiviiii r wlii'ir 
 il I nil III lir liirili-il In yiiiir ailviiiilii><i\ wit In ml iiiliM li rili^ Wl( li llii' ml I li'liiriilM now 
 UmiiK mi. 
 
 " I liiivii rcciivi'il II III In- liiiiii Ml. Wm win ' .mil nlliiT liiciiiJM in Nrw N'oili, 
 rc'^mniiii'iiilin^ vmi in a |i<ii I iiiiliii iiiiiiim r, iiml mii wmlliy fiii'iiil, (^iilmirl Siiiiill, Ihih 
 Hiiiil Hii iiiiirli mi .V">ii' Ix'liiill lliiil I liolil iii,VHi'll liminil liy uvv.vy li« nf friiinilHlii|i iiml 
 iif liiinmii, ((I iiMhiMl ymi in my |iiiiri»Kimiii.l liiii' lollii' ii'iiint;! of my |)iiwit ; iiinl you 
 may ii'mI lu^miii'il, miml woilliy hii, lliiil you iinil ■,01. Iiimily mIiiiII iliiiiii my |mi- 
 liriiiiii' III li'iil loii III llii'ii' inliTi-!ilH, mill lliiil il uim »illi llii" Minliniriit I IIinI, tlii^ 
 liiyHi'lf I III- lioiimii lo Willi' Sou oil lliiM Miilili'i'l. I hiiM' I 111' limioiii lo ln', mII, with 
 llii' lil).!lii'Hl ir^^Jinl Mini I'hIi'I'III," fli'., I'li'. I 
 
 (ii-ni'iul l{u;^>^li'M rmiilly doli'iiiiiiHMl In iiccrpl his oi'mif in \\\<- luwiiHliip 
 of VV'iliiiiif, iiiiii It is |iriiliiil)li', IIiuukIi mil criliiiii, llml. In- ciiiniiii'iii'i'il 
 (•li'iuiiij,' liin IiukIh ill I7HI. Till' hjioI In- Ni-lorlrd for lii« ih-w ilwollin;^ 
 lioiiMf was oil till' t'ai-o III' ami in'iir to llir (ii|) of Ilii' Noil.li Moiinlaiii, 
 wliirli ilmiii;^ Ills lifoliiiif and fur n. frw yoai's afli'i'VVMrds Wori' iJif naini! 
 of I lie" lliif,'^'''''* Moiinl.iiin " ; lnil aflrr llir coninirncriiii'iil of I Ik- ccnl my, 
 and lolliisday il 'ms lirm LoIIit known as llic " I'liiniioy .Moiinl.ain," 
 fiolii I 111- lali- IjiiI I'liiilii-v, wiio liccaiiH- tin- |iilii'liaHi'i' of I lie |ii'o|ii-rl y <in 
 till' o(M!asion of ils sail- on llio di-alli of .Mr. Kii;^;,'lfs. 
 
 I Hif^ifl. llial. llif .Morris Uii^'oIi-h coiri'siiondfni'i' is so infii;^rc and dial 
 llic lolli-rs of I. Ill' lall.cr a.ri' cnl.irrly wanliiiij;. I am induced to add ono 
 iiioic .sliorl nolo of Ml'. .Morris lo I, In- (ii-ncral, lici'aiisi- il (•ontains refer 
 eiiees of ini.eresl. I'lider dale iif .Se|ilemlier lllli, I7'*^.">, lie sayK : "I 
 liav.e liiid llie lionoiir lo reeei\e ymir favour of llie 2nd insl., eneioMirij.; a 
 ■skeLcii of tlie lands you wisli lo olilain. The l,,'!()l) aeres is |ire e!if,'af,'ed 
 
 all Ihe oilier l.raet.s may lie ;,'ra,nled you, and in lieu of f.liis en^'aoed 
 I shall, ill llie deseripl ion of Ihe ;^ra.nl., e.xtend Ijie weslern line of llie 
 oliloiif^ s(|iiare (,o ihe line nf A rliiil hnol s, and Ihe weslern lioiindary lo 
 the ISiiy of h'liiidy, whieh will then eoiil.ain 1 0,01)0 aeres, with ample 
 fillowanite.s. . The kinj^'s line of ten sliillin;.^M for every hundred 
 
 aeres, I suppose, will lie remilleij, I will make a reliirn of your ;^ranl. 
 (iH soon as I hear I, hat, you approve of what I now propose." 
 
 In the following year tie "lunf wa.s issued, and iJie undismayed ^^ratilen 
 eommeni'ed a, lalioiir at. t.iie a'^c of more than seventy years whieh few, if 
 any, of the yoiinj,' men of today would voluntarily undertake. 'I'lie work 
 of ehoppiii^ down the forests and e|earin>( the lands foi erops, and of 
 prepanil.ion for Iniildiii;; went on simultaneously and rapidly iiiiiIim' his 
 direirtinii. Two vouii^; men, ] S( ronaeh and h'fdiw, were en^ii;.;ed (0 woi'k 
 with 111 for a limited (iiimber of years and to reeeive tiieir pay lit 
 
 ■ ■ ii :vgj- ' ^ * - ' .ij..i!i - ■ . ■ !_ ■ ■ ■ 
 
 • Aftin'wiinl Si?' Brookfi VViitHon, l.onl Mnyorof Loiidon. 
 
 I Li-lli-i I'look of I III- llmi. (.'liiiM. .Mollis for ITH.'I, in N. S. Aieliives. 
 
 ; See SIronieli iin<l l''iili'.-< I i('ni'alo><i(!H. 
 
itnioMCs. /iOl 
 
 liiiiil. 'rii*\y did t.lit'ir' work, and Imi paid tliciii uh ii^ict-d ii|ii)ri, nnd llM-ir 
 dfHrfndiiiil.s nn' now t,hn owikm'h mid oiM-iipiiTH of tiiiiiiy a fair Iioiik; 
 in iJiM iMtaiil.ifiii LowiiHliiji of Wiliiiol,. It. wan Mm; liaiidH of llumt^ 
 iiiiiri l.lial. Dxcaval.t'd '.L- iiolilc (Millar ovur wlii(;li lJi<^ old liOyaliHl. <M'<^<:l.i'd 
 liis tiitw iiiaiiHion,^ l.lii^ir liaiidH il. waH wlii<:li |irfparcd llic land on wliioli 
 an oi'(!liai'd of a|>pl<- t.riM'H was Hoon planlcd, and il. was l.lioir liaridM also 
 wliicli |ilaiil/(Ml i(,. 'riicir ordrrn w<'r<i to di^ t.liis pi(M-iT of ^'roiind say, 
 alioiit. an acrii tliriMi U'vl di'i'|i, and to Uirow out. «tv<!ry root, ani '<loni! 
 from it.. TIh! t.rdi-H wcri! l>roii|^lil. from MaH.sarliiiMt^t.l.H, <ind wlirn (.mnlt'd 
 formt'd (,Imi tirMl orchard in t.lial. Hiw;t.ion of l.hr rounl.ry. Hom<! of t.lii; 
 t/ntoH, I Ixiliiivo, art! Mt.ill in Ix-arin/^. Nearly hoiiIIi from tJiit posit. ion of 
 t.lii! lioiiHo i.s a dc<!p ^uli^li in tlic mountain sidr, formed, proliaMy, liy lli<- 
 ^'radual waHliin;^ away of a wcdj^i; of ma^nt^sian linifMt.oni- wliii'li onrc 
 llll<;d it.. In t.liiH vault., im it. wan ^{(incrally (!<illfr|, and wliirli wa.s hIii-I 
 l.itrrd on all Hid<fH <ix<!<^pl t.lm Houtli, \Ir. liu^^icH int.rcHiui-rd nuiny oxot.ic 
 plant.M, amon^ ot.lu'rH, p<^a<;li<>s, ^rajtcs and (piinccs, and morit t.han on<- 
 hiack walnut. Lro-. 
 
 'I'Im! (iitniM'ai'H four dau^^lil.orH were mar-rird lirforc tlic Itrvolution 
 hrokti out., and all Llmir liUHliandH prohalily adli<-rcd to tJiii (Milonial Hidn, 
 for t.licy ncv(U' camn I.0 Nova Hcot.ia. 'I'lirci! of liiH Honn fojlowi-d liiui into 
 oxil<f aiirl Hc^l.l.lcd in t.luM county. TIk^h)! weed Timotliy, .lolm and 
 Kicluird, wlio also inarriiMJ liitfont tlmir luivcnt. to t/lic county. 
 
 (inuirid ltu^;{lcs was aflli<;t,cd wil.li hernia, and tradition allirniH that, 
 altoul. the lic^innin^ of Au^'UHt., ITDT), he accompanied some visit iii)^ 
 friends t.o his " vault." i^arden liefor<^ alluded t.o, and that, in cL-imlierin;^' 
 up it.s st.ee|) sidt^s he so a^'^raval.t^d I. he disease that. il. I.erminaled his life 
 four days afterwanls, at the advani^cd age of eighty years. I conchule 
 this memoir of tint famous old Loyalist l>y copying the (.including part of 
 the oliitiiary not ice of him which appeared in the Uni/u/, Wavllf in Aiigu.sl, 
 I7i>r', and wliich was presumahly writti^n hy the late Kev. John Wiswall, 
 who olliciated at liis olweipiies : 
 
 " 'I'lic iilca I lull, his iiilviiiii'cti age wniilil iiol. pei'iiijl. Iiiiii In i'itii|i flic riiiil of IiIh 
 IiiImiiii'i- never ilitiii|M'ni'il the spiiil. iit iiiipnivciiieiit liy wlilili tic wmm, in it iiiimt. 
 eiiiiiHint ilitgroii, iiiiiniiit(!il ; ami tliu diHliJct, nf iiiiintry in wliicli lie liveil will lunp; 
 feel tlli^ lieili'lil.M ieMllitili(< fliilll the liheiiil cxrilinim he llin^lr In inlMilirf the ii;^l inil 
 tlinil inlei'cMlH (if I he I'liiviiiie." 
 
 It may not lie without iisi; to ri-mark that for much th(t gntater part of 
 his life he ate no animal food and drank no spirituous or ferniented 
 liquors, small liee.r excepted, and that he enjoyed health to his advanced 
 age. 
 
 Ill) was liuried to tho oaHtward of tho (!liaii(!iil of the (then new) (church, 
 lately known as the '• t'ine (Jrove Church," in (central VVilmot near the 
 present villagit of MiiMleton — u (ihuroli toward llio uroution of which ht; 
 
 * 'riiis celliii' wiiH Hiiiii III he nini' feel. In height, iinil the HlejiM leiiiliii^^ In il were 
 (it ilreHHCil Qlliliey griinile, liinliglit IViilll jtitHlnli, 
 
802 HUGOLES. 
 
 was ii considerable contributor ; and tin appropriate nionunicnt to liis 
 
 memory has been erected there by bis greatgranddaugliter, Mrs. 
 
 Eliza Jiayard West, of Caledonia, Minnesota. 
 
 (NoTK. - I am imlehted to an estceimsd corrosjHMKlcnt, H. Stoddard Rug^'lcs, 
 Ks(|., of Wiikt'tield, Mass., for the inforiiiation tliat \\\v Josepli Riig^dt^s iiR'iitioiicd 
 on p. 585 as ownci' of tlic two slaves, was not tlie ( ifni'iiil's ncplu-w, Imt (,'apt. 
 ilostrph, of K(»xl>ui\, grandson of Samuel, jun., thioiigli the latter's son Josei)li, and 
 father of Hon. Nathaniel Kugglcs, of Hoxliiny, memlier of Congress fi'om IHI.'{ to his 
 (h'lMi in ISM) ; tliat nil of tlie (Jeneiars hiothers Imt one were aident workers in tho 
 eaiise of Independenei^ ; and that lu! had li\e nephews, including his favorites, 
 Timothy, son of Hon. Edward Ruggles, of Hardwii'k, in Iheurniv on tlu? colonial side. 
 Sjieaking of the refusal of tiie (Jenei'al's wife to sharcMiis exile, an<l other painful 
 eircumstanees, my Ameriean coi'respondent, in a most genc^rous spirit, adds : " The 
 sacritii'es that this man made upon tiie altar of duty weie far greater than his 
 ile.s(!endants in Nova Scotia know or understand." — Kl).) 
 
 The General had children : 
 
 i. Martha, h. Aug. 10, 173C, m. John Tufts. 
 
 (2) ii. Timothy, h. Jan. 7, 1738-9. 
 
 iii. Mary, b. Feb. 10, 1740-41, m. Dr. John Green, of Worcester, Mass., 
 a surgeon in the Continental army. 
 
 iv. John, b. Sept. 30, 1742, d. a. 79, m. Hannah, only dau. of Dr. Thomas 
 Sackett, of Long Island, N.Y.: Ch. : 1, Bathsheba, b. 1779, d. 
 about 18()5 ; 2, Timothy Audierst, 1). 1781, d. 1838 (was a capttiin 
 in the N. S. Regiment of "Fencibles") ; these two were born at 
 Newton, L.I. ; 3, Eliza Bayard, b. 1797, m. Austin Woodl)ury, 
 one of whose descendants still owns and occupies the old home- 
 stead of John Ruggles ; 4, (''ranees Mary, b. 1802, m. •louathan, 
 son of Fairfield Woodbury. 
 
 (3) V. Richard, b. March 4, 1743-4. 
 
 vi. Bathsheba, b. Feb. 13, 174r»-0, m. Joshua Spooner. 
 vii. Elizabeth, b. May 15, 1748, m. Gardner Chandler. 
 
 2. Timothy Ruggles, Jun., was born January 7tli, 1738. Althouj.{h 
 
 a Loyalist, as was proved by his proceediiif.;s after the war, he was- not 
 
 so pronounced and active in the assertion of his views as to foifeit his 
 
 Massachusetts property, and finally settled at Jielleisle, where he died in 
 
 1838. He married Sarah, daughter of Col. Simeon Dwigbt, who was 
 
 born May 1st, 1748, and died in 1842. Children : 
 
 i. Sarah, b. Feb. 2, 17«8, m. Judah Hinckley, 
 ii. Anna, b. June 8, 1769. 
 
 iii. So])hia, b. Jan. 19, 1771, d. young. 
 
 iv. Betsey, b. Nov. 16, 1772, d. young. 
 V. Timothy, b. Dec. 1, 1773, d. young. 
 
 vi. Timothy, b. March 7, 177(5. (See memoir of Timothy Ruooi.es, 
 M.P.P.) He m. Jane, dau. of Edwartl Thome, and d. 1831 : Ch. : 
 1, Jane R., b. 181 J, m. Abel Sands (of N.B.) ; 2, Harriet, b. 1813, 
 m. (1st) Thomas Bartlett, (2nd) William J. Starr (St. John, N.B. ) ; 
 3, Armaidlla, b. 181(5 ; 4, Timothy Cwi^ht, b. 1818. Timothy 
 DwioHT Ruggles, M.P.P. and Q.C., m. Havilah Jane, dau. of 
 S. S. Thome, Esq., M.P.P.; she d. 1892. He resides at Bridge- 
 town. 5, Edwarci Thorne, b. 1820, d. unm. ; 6, Stephen Thorne, 
 b. 1823, m. Mary, dau. of Joseph Chirchill Wade, d. young. 
 
 vii. Sophia, b. Oct. 20, 1777, m. (Ist) Jacob, son of Christian Tobias, M.D., 
 a Loyalist, (2nd) John Jesse Thonuis Smith ; and was mother of 
 Timothy Christian Tobias, long Collector of Customs at Annapolis, 
 who in. Augusta De Wolfe and had no ch., and of Simeon Dwight 
 Tobias who m. Sophia Henkel, and had 6 sons and 3 daus., one of 
 whom m. Thos. S. Whitman, a leading merchant of Annapolis. 
 
RUCiOLKS. 593 
 
 viii. Simeon I)wii,'lit, b. Jiin. 23. 17H0, in. Miirgaret Robertson, d. 1812 : 
 Cli.: 1, William l{., i>. 1808, ni. Seriiph Cutler. 1 sun d. young, 
 .'{ (liius. ; 2, Henry Uwijjht, b. 1810, ii phy.sitl. ,,i(l Hurj.'eon tit 
 Weymouth, N.S., m. Simih, diui. of Siimuel Ciimpboll. IVI.P.P. ; 
 I tell.; d. iiged ; '.I, Mary Ainolia (or Mary Adelia), b. 1811, in. 
 .laiiiuH Runcinian ; 4, Elizabeth Jolmstono, b. 1812, d. unni. 
 ix. Harriet, b. Feb. 2.'!. 1782. in. Stephen DoWolfe. 
 X. Clari.ssa, b. April ■'{, 1784, m. Dr. (<eorjj;e W. Shepherd, 
 xi. Israel WilliaiiiH, b. Aiij,'. 27, 1780: was lon« a .1. P. and comniia- 
 sioiicr ill the Siipruiiie Court, and d. .Ian. 7, 1880; in. (1st) 
 Klizabi-th, dan. of Phiiieas Millid^'e ; she d. Oct. 28, 18;!4. a. 42 ; 
 (2iid) Maria, dan. of John Owen and sister of the late Rev. H. L. 
 Owen, of Lunenburg : Ch. : 1, Matilda, m. John Watson ; 2, 
 Stephen Millidgo, bpd. July 24, 1817, in. Thomas Ea.sson ; :', 
 Edward, bpd. Miiy 2(i. 181!l ; 4, William PIdwin, bpd. Nov. 18, 
 1820, 111. Charlotte Easson ; 5. Phineas Millidije, b()d. Autr. 7, 
 1822 ; <i, (ieorge I?., bpd. Dec. 22, 1825 ; 7, Charles Hurnet, bpd. 
 Sept 2, 18i".»; H, Elizabeth S.arali, b. Oct. V.i, 18.'J1, m. Eleazer 
 Jones, of Weymouth; (by2nd w.): 2 sons, 1 d. unm.; the other, 
 Rev. .1. Owen Riiygles, a prominent Church of Fjngland clergy- 
 man, died in 18!>.">, leaving a family ; 1 dau., Anna, resides in 
 Annapolis, unui. 
 
 3. Ricii.VRD Hurj(!i.ES, the youngest son of the General, was horn at 
 llochester, Mass,, March 4, 1744, m. 1771, Welthea, dau. of Ebenezer and 
 Welthea (Gilbert) Ilatheway, of Massachusetts, and d. October 21, 1832; 
 •she d. December 4, 1825. Some of this family were born in Massa- 
 chusetts, some in this county. Children : 
 
 i. Bath.sheba, b. Sept. 21 or 22, 1772, m. F. Hutchinson. 
 
 ii. Cynthia, b. April 15, 1774, in. (1st) .John Durland, (2nd) James 
 
 Harris, 
 iii. Thomas Hutchinson, named in honour of the last Royal Governor of 
 Massachusetts, b. Nov. 1!), 1775, m. Oct. 14, 1800, Sarah Jlelms, 
 Hc'f Fowlor, who was b. March 11, 1788: Ch.: 1, Ann Elua, b. 
 Oct. 2, 1801, d. unm.; 2, Welthea Anne, b. Sept. .'}, ISO-,', m. 
 .lohii Donaldson, and was a grandmother of Rev. L. J. Doi.ald- 
 son ; .3, Thomas Gilbert, b. March li>, 1807, m. Louisa Travif; ntill 
 living in P.E.I. ; 4, Harriet Sophia, b. March 31, 1809, m. (lat) 
 Austin Woodbury, (2nd) Samuel Balcom, (3rd) Gilbert Fowler 
 Ditmars ; 5, Benjamin Henry, b. Jan. 9, 1811, m. Maria Sophia 
 Rice, still living at Westport, large family ; 6, Eliza .lane, b. Aug. 
 9, 1813, d. young ; 7, Charles Travis, b. April 13, 1817, m. Eliza 
 Travis; 8, Frederic Williams, b. Feb. «, 1820, m. Sarah A. 
 Crocker, d. about 1885, large family, 
 iv. Richard, b. Sept. 25, 1780, m. Oct. 18, 1820, Eleanor Ann, dau. of 
 Elijah Purdy, of Bear River, and lived in Clements, farmer and 
 school-teacher ; he d. 18(52. She m. (2nd) Henry F. Vroom, and 
 d. Feb., 18.34: Ch. : 1, Josiah .Tones, b. Nov. 4, 1821, d. Jan., 
 1895, in. (1st) Mary, dau. of Thomas Gilliatt, (2nd) Adelia Whit- 
 man ; 2. Clarissa, b. Sept. 24, 1823, m. James Edw. Harris ; 3, 
 Arthur, b, 1825, m. Elizabeth G., dau. of .Joseph Rice, and is 
 father of H. Dwioht Ruoules, barriater-at-law, and 5 others ; 
 4, William Spurr, b. 1828, m. Rebecca Berry, d. 1891 ; 5, Eliza- 
 beth Adelaide, b. Sept. 22, 18.30, m. (Ist) Israel Lent, (2nd) 
 Charles C. .Jefferson ; 6, (ieorge Albert, b. .Jan. 26, 1833, m. 
 Lydia So;diia Chute ; 7, Armanilla, b. June 2, 18.35, m. John 
 Rice, jun. ; 8, Charles, b. .July 28, 1837, ni. Bessy, dau. of Thomas 
 Lee, Lynn, Mass. ; 9, Rev. Gilbert, b. Aug. 19, 1839, m. Eunice, 
 
 38 
 
Mi III (;(;i,i:s kimskv. 
 
 (lull. Ill l''riuilJiii Kiel'; H), 1,'i'riliii iii'l'irliii, rii. VVilljuiii < > wyiii' ; 
 II. 'I'liiKitliy. Ii. ,\|>iil '.M, IKII, III. : lU', Ifirliiinl, l.wiii of 'I'liiinl.liy, 
 III. Alilijii ( lliiyw/ird ) Wliid', mul iihiidvi'iI In ly'.S. 
 V. Wollliiii, I will III Itii liiii'il, III rjiiii ji'H Tiii'lii'i 
 vi. iSii|ijiiii, li .1)111. .'tl, I7'^>>. III. .lolili Ityiiiniiii, 11 rli. 
 
 vii. 'I'lyiilirim, li ,Miiy L'l. l7Mii, «l. iMiiy 'jd, IHK. 
 
 viii. 'riiiiiiiiiM <iill)iii, I). .Iiitin II, I7MH, Ml. .Nov. I, IHIO, Miiiy Morn 
 liuiiMi', <l. Miiy L'L', IHII, <> ill. : .'! moiim (< Jillicrl., Williiiiii uml 
 ( 'iiiil liM^ ;Lhi| '.'i >liui).<;lil IT. liiilirrl uml ' 'IllU |i i il. illliii ; \\ llllulii 
 IivimI ill I lin .Siiiilli, ikinl JH hhhI Io liitvn liitiui iili ollirnr in l.lin 
 i 'oiiltMli'Dili' .uiiiy . 
 
 'I'll!' (iciHTii.l liiid 11. ii('|ilii'w wlio Willi also II Lusiijisl,, mill I'liijiiwcil hiit 
 iitiitlf Io IIiIh loiinliy. Ilin iiiiinc wrh .I(imi:I'II l!(i;iii,KH; \if wum u hdii 
 
 ol' lin- (iflMTlirn yillMl^flT lllol.lll'l .l(i:i<'|lll, mill WUH lldlll A|iril H, I71H.* 
 
 Ill- iiuurii-il lii'ii' Luis .S'iciiiiis Hi'l.licil al. Ay li'srurd, ami liinl rliililrrii : 
 
 i. U'lllmiii, III. iMiiiy VViml. : ('li.: I .Mury, in. Iti'iijiiiiiin i)<i(lij;n; \i, 
 l''iiLm:i'n, III. Ili'liry Itiiiin ; 't, l'!ll/ii, in. ii itliU'^yiiiitii iiiiiiiitil Kiiy 
 Ill, ami wi^iil In Alnrii; 1, I'Iiiih'iih ItiiiikH ; ii, 'I'lyiiiirini. 
 
 il. .Iimii|ili, III. IrniMi Wooilworl.il : <:ii.: I, .limi!|ili, li. IHKI; "., Williiiiii, 
 III r.S.A.; ;i, .NirlioliiH, III I'.S A.; iiiiil [irolialily oI.Iiiiih. 
 
 iii. 'riloiiiii't {{jiIiiiiiIm, III. .Miin^iiii!!. NhIioIh: (!Ii,: I only, Loim, hi. Hitl) 
 IHl'.l, Williiiiii JJoilj^ii, f:.;iiil) iiiiiirii^il MKiiiii ill I'.S. A. 
 
 iv. .liiiiirH, III ('(illiiirimr \\iillm:i!; <'li.: I, Sanili Ann, in. (.'oopiT UiihIm ; 
 li, Loin, III. II"V. VVilliinl < I. I'liikri ; ;i, .lolin W.,iii. Kli/iilinlli 
 I'li'iili^iMi ; t, Williiiiii ('iiiii|il>i^ll, III. .VIiii'iiL lllHttli'y ; n, liiiviniit, in. 
 Hut) < it'oiKi: Wliiiniiui, C-'ml) lliiiim I'ii-iiNhh. 
 
 V. .lolill, I.. I7'.»7, -I IHL'I. 
 
 |{,i'.MHKV. Tlii.H I'liiiiiiy is III" Si'ol.i-li iiii;,'iii. ^Si-r |!iiiI(I''h " (Jciii'ial 
 Animry.") At. Ili<' piTioil nt' llii^ I'Vciicli ii.\|)ul.Miiiii, I'i.s.ia.min U.i mhi;y 
 wiiM iK'liiiK II.H (-'Ink of lliir (/'liiMiiic to I In- I'.oaril of < )i(|iiaiiin al. 
 AniiiipoliM Hoyiil. ill- mail it'll liric, liiil. Ilif iiaiiir of IiIh wifr is not, 
 known. Oiii'. Hon ( r.i'iijainiii) Hrlliird on laiiils iii'lon;,'inj,' l,o liis fiil.ln'r iw 
 j(ianl.tr ill (iiaiivillr, wlifii in IHO'.I all l.lii- family ifri'onlH witi; (li-.'.lioyrd 
 hy t.lii^ liiii'iiiii;; of liin dwi'lliii^ lioiisi-, l.wo of Ihh riiildntn |ii!i'i.sliin;{ in 
 ^]K^ llaiiii'M. Hi'.iijaiiiiii {{.iiiiiHry, jiiii., inaiiii'd, I7'.*H, Amy, dan. of 
 IJtiiijainiii (Jlii-Hliiy, and iiad <tliildn-ii . 
 
 i. Sophiu, 1.. IT'.tH, .1. IHO<), 
 
 ii. Itiiniiiiiiin, l>. IHIH) m. Kli/iilii'tli KhhIiiI' : (']i.: I, Eli/.alxil.li, m. Siian 
 Ifoiriiiiin ; 2, Aiimliii, in. Oliitrlim Aiiiiiition^ ; .'t, (Uihi'Iiik WuIIhco, 
 III. I<)li/.iil)iilli l''iiHii!i' (iluii. of Williiiiii) ; 'I, .liiiiiiiit, 111. .loHit|iliiiiii 
 iSiinkH ; f), Miii'l.lia Ann, in. .Ihiiihh WilliH ; <i, ( UtVf.Dm, in. liiirry 
 liiiwin (I'.H.A.); 7, ' my Aii;{imlii, in. (inorj^n lliiLcliiimon (I !.S. A.); 
 H, Artlinr, iii. Ki .mi KoitUir ; 1*, Unnj. Iliiilitirt, <l. iiiiiii.; 10, 
 l'liili|t Kii'liiii'ilHoii, il. IIIIIII.: II, Ailii, m. Oiimn Kiillitrlon ; Iti, 
 IjoiiiHii, III. .\iii(iiHl.im liiiri'ill ; l'l, Kllu, in. Iliinry ItuiiiiiH. 
 
 iii. Amy, tl. IHOI, III. KiiiHiiiiin. 
 
 iv. Miiiia, I,. iHitr., .1. ih:m, 
 
 V. OliiiiIoM, 1). IWIH, 
 vi. •loNOpIl, II. IHI I. 
 
 * Aniillii^t' Him of tliiHiiini'iarH lirollini' iloHitiili, Nal.liiiiiidI, li, iIuiid M, l7r)U, wun 
 (1 lidyiiliNl., Mini Hi'lllfil, il Ih mii|)|iiimiiiI, III (JhiiikIii. KhnI. I Ki>. I 
 
riVi;iis«»N SAVi»r;ns. r>!».') 
 
 ItVKKHON. (Sec llintoiy ill' ( '|c||irii(,H.) P'riiric^iM, I 111- lin''<">l<ir ul' the 
 
 A riMii|iiilJH iinil N'lii'iiMiiil/li I'oiinly I'mnilit-H nf lliin iiiiini', mIih nlwiiyfi wruli' 
 l.lii- riaiiM' It yiii i^iiii, wjii ii iIi-mi'imkIiiiiI. in tli<' litdi ^'i-iH-nil inn Irniii Mail in 
 Myat'Hon, who ciiini- iVnin llolliiinl Id hi'iinklyii, N.N'., in IDID, l.liniii^h 
 Oi'iir^c III' .Jiisi'H,' \,\ifiiH,'' (iciir^c IjiiriiM.' Ill' liiiil rlnjilri'ii : 
 
 I. .liiliM, III. (ill N !'..). 
 
 (M) II ll'l'lllH'lH. 
 
 III. (il'U|)/lV 
 
 IV. Mull.lll, III I liilul.liisi Viililtiliildl K ; (Ml. I, SiU'iili, III 'rilniilliH 
 
 Ifiiirm ; L', I'ili/.ii, III. '<l'<i.y ''', Slii|iliitii ; t, Mmy, in. (Mm 
 
 liiiiii'li ; it. Aliiiint, III. (iiiiiiKviii ; (i, pSimi'iin, in LaiiiimuM ; 
 
 7, ( 'llll|•|l||.ll^ III. ( 111)1^(1 |i'li:lillt ; H, iliiini;!.; ',», .liilmm. 
 
 V. Ann, III. .liiiiiKii Itunt.. 
 
 'J. l''liA.N<'IH I'vi.liHiiV iiiiit'i ii'ii ,Sai';ili I iyfi'.Miili, iiiiil liinl I'liiliji'i'li : 
 
 i, .iiilin. III. iHil.'t, Sii|iliiii ltii(;L;liiH (liiui. of itii'lianl. Cli I, Siimli, 
 I). IHIII, III. .loliii Miirr ; L', .li.jin Culvin, !• IKII^; .",, (,'illii'i'l I!., 
 Ii lM<t7, III. Wiil.-l. , I, M.iiy, I,. |HU!l. hi. Wni II. (». 
 
 Il.ililiiii'l.iiii ; I'l, Wirjllin.i /\iin, l> |H|ll, III. |>'invli!i' hiliiiiUM; (i, 
 lliiiiii:! Aii)j;iihIii, Ii. JHlli, III. Willmiii I'lnily; 7, iSi)|iliiit, li IM V!; 
 K, Miii^'iul II., I>. IHII, III Kiitil. .Ii.iii^ii ; It, Cliiiilim, l>. iHjti; 
 |((, Allinil, 1.. iKI'.t; II, Ailiili/i Aiii.tli/i, I.. IHL'I. in. Vi.i.ijii.m 
 lliliii.iis; lii, Kilwiii, li. IH-'.i, il. Aii^., IHllI, III. (I Hi.) Mm y K. 
 
 I'.'l'illt.t., 'lillll) SlIHHIl l''llMllir. 
 
 ii, Siiiiitoii, III. .Ii'iiiiiim Vim ItiiiiKii'k (liitii. nl (imri'l) ; Uiiimi <:Ii. 
 
 iii. Miirlili, III. .Iiiliiliiia, will, ul Siiiiimiii 
 
 iv. Sltiiilii'ii lilt l/uni:i-y, It. 17'^'', m. \,i>m Killiun, nix riiililri'ii, in 
 
 Yiii iiioiilli. 
 
 V. (ii-nijj,i\ II. I7'M, III. .M.iiy lliiiriH. 
 
 vi. Kli/iiliiilli, III. 'riiuiiniH I'liiH.iiii. , 
 
 \ li. I'lHiH'im III. .liiiiiim lii!('itiii. 
 
 viii. tlfiiiiim. 
 
 Sa.niiKIih. I'.MMiiiN S\NriKiiK, a y'"in;< niJin, said In liavc lii-fii ut' 
 (^iirniHJi liirlii, wan hciiI. <<ul, liy (.In- llDaiii of ()r(lnan<-i' an an aitiliciT l.o 
 t.alot l.lii^ |ila('i' III' 'riioina.s Saiii|i.Moii, wiio liail iliiMJ, icavin^^ a widow, wlio 
 waH a daiij^liti'i- ol' AnI.oinc (>iiviiT, a l''i'i'ni-liiiian, who waH living hfir al 
 l,li(f liiiH! of t,hn ri»n(|iii'Ml, liy NirhoJHon, and who in lal.m' yoarH caiiid lo Ik- 
 known II.M Anl.hony Olivdi'. Satid<'r:( .soon inairicd l.jii! widow. 'I'lir 
 Htoni-H lliat. mark l.lm ^favrH of Aiil.liony ()liv('rand Ihh wifi' aif anion^,' 
 tliti oIiIchI. in til"! old ciuimlcry, iim In- dird in I?'!*"!, hcvimi yuai'H aftiT l.lir 
 Horond inarriaj^'r of Imh daiif^lil.)!!'. Madatni! Sanditi'M wiih l.lin ninl.li of 
 (>livni''n foiifliM-n rliiidcun. I'ardoii iSandncH wan hum "• l'''i.dinj{ man in 
 tint commiinit.y. \\i' wiih t.hn ai^liii^ oxfCMilor of .lo.si-|)h ('osiiiiM, wli.i 
 dii*d in tin! IiihI, ddcadn of thi! oinil.ury, U•lt,vit\^^ an only rliild mairiiMl l.o 
 •lohti ( 'oopiM', t.liM lii-Hl. iVlitl.hodiiHl. iniHHiotiaiy in tin; town. 'I'hiM woman'H 
 ill tntal,mi;nl. liy \u:f htiMbatiil lod Ihm- l.o Hoparati; fioiii liim and livi? in 
 hitt' old honl(^ AfUu' tlin di-al.ii of hci' Hiit'vivin^' jiarcnl. hIii- i'<;moviM| l,o 
 lOn^land, hi'f nativi- land, h-avin;; SandnrH inana^i;r of ln)r iar^^r and 
 
!)iH> ,SANT»KliH. 
 
 viiltiuMc CHtHtc. IIIh (li-sccti(liititH lire Mlill |i(ish<!hnimI lit' a iiiiiiilirr' nf 
 Iftli'iH wr'iUch III liiiii l)y lii-r', anil known as tlm "(!iio|ii'i- Lcltrrs,'' run 
 tiiinin;{ iniitiy rotVi'i'tiiM's to |i(!i'NiinH iitid tJiin^s, of consiili-i'iililr liiHtuciciil 
 iin|iiir'liin(:<-. SIks ret uriiud Lo AnntlI)llli^4, and diod in iH'M't. lli; had 
 j'liildn'd : 
 
 i. Mary, h. 17*")'-', d. I7r.!». 
 
 ii. .Inlin, ITTi'l, il. unin. in 'rriniiliiil. 
 
 (2) iii. I'linlnn, li. I7r>l>. 
 
 (;i) iv. Daniol, li. I7<'l. 
 
 2. I'akiion Sani»ki{h, .Iun., was Imrn in 1 750, and dird in \X2l\. Il(! 
 inariitid Plu^lx', dau^^litfr of .losiali l)od;^i', and had ihiidrrn ; 
 
 i, Ilicliitnl, (1. at Hi!a, innii. 
 ii. I'aiili.n, li. 17h;1, iii. IHHH. Martlia Wmkn, h. 17H)1. Iln i|, \HV,2 : 
 
 Ch. : I. IMii^Ik), Ii. MIO, iiniii. ; L', Martha, li. IH|-J, i:,hm. ; 
 
 ;{ I'lirdon, h. IHI7, m. (^aruhni) VVnoil Vc(„,||| ; .J, VVilliani 
 
 Fiirrcstor, i>. IHiJn, il. unin ; 5, llimry HtMijaniin, i>. IH'2I, uniii. ; 
 
 (i, (!ariihn(i Surali, li. IH'j:t, iinni. ; 7, Mary, l>. \H'2Vt, iiniii. 
 iii. tloHiah, d. mini, 
 iv, Wiliiaiii, ni. /iiiporah Curliitt : Cii. : I, Kichard Ohvcir, h. IHlTi, in. 
 
 (iHt) Kli/.alictli iSriiwn ; 'J, l''rcdoric Wilhani, li. JHKi, in. Kifaiiur 
 
 .laiii) Spnrr ; :!, Mary Khzalxith, h. IHIM, m. Wiliiaiii Ni< liol ; 
 
 4, ('iiarhiN M., Ii. IH'JI, d. iiniii. ; 5 Anna, h. IKL'K, unin. ; <!, Susan 
 
 M., d. until. ; 7, LonlHa, li. lH2'i, d. unin. 
 V. liciiijuiiiin. III. Siirali M<;('iiriuici< : ('h. : J, rardnii, in. ; 2, .lam-, 
 
 d. uiiiii. ; ■'!, Kli/.aht'th d. unin. ; 4. Itrrniird, in. (!iiarli>lto 
 
 Staiiforlii ; 5, KHi'ii, n • llarvry ; <i, Saniurl, in. ; 7, I'liiiiiy, 
 
 III. I'ayiiK ; K, .Artlinr, in. 
 vi. Krt^iUirii', d. iiniii. 
 
 vii. Mary, d. iiiuii. ' 
 
 viii. liiiuiHa, in. Uoiilion Dodf^o, 
 ix. I'hetio, d. unin. 
 X. Caroiiiio, in. ISonjaniin II. KandurH. 
 xi. SiiHan, <l. niiin. 
 
 3. Daniki. Sandkkh was lioni in 1761, and diod in 1849. Ho married 
 in 1792, Hannah Hioks, who wa.s born 17C3, and diod 18:58. Chiidnin: 
 
 i. .John, 1). 17!t2. ni. Hst.) Ilnnnali UickN, (2iid) Eliun ISoylo : Ch. : 
 I, LouiHa, Hi. .lohn Kdj^ar; 2, Kiiiiaa, in. Edward McDonald ; 
 15, ilusoph, in. (in I'.S.). 
 
 ii. Oliver, 1). 17!'4, in. Kliza 15arnahy : Ch. : I, Ann, in. Ilohrrt 
 MarHliall ; 2, Hannah, in. (Ist) Zacchoufl Fostor, (2nd) Williuiii 
 Howo ; .'5, Ehzaliuth, in. William Miilor ; 4, Cathorino, in. 
 l5onJaniin Miilor ; 5, .lohn, in. I5urtha Walker ; (J, SuHan, 
 ni. ('ornoliuH Hitdnip ; 7, Daniel Oliver, M.D., ui. Ann McKcaii ; 
 8, Charlt'H AiiihroHe, in. Maria Louisa fSanders. 
 
 iii. Mary, in. .lohn Starratt. 
 
 iv. Elizahelh, in. ( Miver FoHter. 
 
 V. Ann, III. Alexander Fowler. 
 
 vi. Sidney, m. 1820, Eli/.aheth Easson : Ch. : 1, David, h. 1H2<», 
 ni. Harriet CuHhiny ; 2, Mary E., h. I8;!l, in. (iHt).lohii Ford, 
 (2iid) Henry White, son of Maiiloy White, .I.P. ; .'5, Havilah .Jane, 
 
SANKKIIS SAINDKIIS. 607 
 
 l>. IH.'IK, III. (iooruo llowK ; I, Ann Kli/.ii, l>. Ih;>!), m. Knlitirt 
 ('iiHliiiil{ ; >>, AviM Sniilli, li. |H||, m, |(. |,i'i<lic lliiiilwick ; 
 I). Miinii'l, h. IHC!. il. IHtH; 7. •Inliii, l>. |H|*i, in. l,cMiiH;k ShihIi'Ih ; 
 H, Si(liM>. I.. IHIH III. (|«t) Willi l-'/iiilkiiir, (l-'iiil) Kllni Smith; 
 U, l-'ruiiiiH, II. iH.'il, III. St<-|ilii'ii I), li. Kiii'lih^ 
 vii. Kilwiiid, li. |M(t:;, III. iML'f), Miiiy Ann llii^kn: Cli. : I. (iri.srldii, h. 
 lMii7. III. .I'liiiillmn W'lKxiliiiiy ; 'J, 'riicrrHii, It. IH'JH, in. Alt'ruil 
 NjcIidIh ; .'t, William K., I). IH.'IO, m. MMi'^iit'tit (iiiU'h; 4, liitiiiHJi 
 •limit, II. IK;t'J ; .'), Kiiiliiy, m. Ailii SnndttrH; ti, ( 'Imrldtto, h. |H,'t((; 
 7, Kiilli, iiiiiii. ; H, Allivil, 111. Klliiii Mrlnlyid. 
 viii. liitniiiiiiiii II., Ii. JMdt, m. |M!I">, ( 'iinijinr .Siindi'r.s ; tliiii' ili, d niiin., 
 uikI <litii., Miiri.'i LiiiiiHik, II. IKII, III. Cliiti'ltN AiiiWi'iiHo Siiniliti'H. 
 
 SaINHKIIH. 'riMOTIIV HaIIMiKIIH, |inililllily 11 lli'plirw of JdSCpll Sllllll- 
 
 • Ins, ot' Siili'iii, Mass., who wiih a j^iurili'i- of Yfuiiioiit.li, in I7ti.">, lliroii^ili 
 Joscpli'M lirotlitT 'riiiiolliy, ciiiiit' Id tills county wlini i|iiitf yoiiin(, lii^t wruri 
 ITtJO and I7<)'). Ili.s ;;niii(lfiitln'r wiis KdwanI SiiuikIi'in, whosu iiiiini- 
 f^niiit, unct'slor tlic fijitdi- Iuih liccn iinuiilr to ti-in'c, Imt t.lin millior 
 Hiij,';<i'Ht.s ('lii'iHt.oplirr SfinhdiTH who canif t.o Windsoi', (,'otiri., in Iti7l, of 
 im JiiK^iiirit. Siirn^v fmnily, of which oin- liniiK^h set tied in Mcrl'^-Hhiri' hikI 
 iitiot.liiT ill l)t'voii. 'riicri' i.s u fiiniiiy whose iiiiim' wuh lirst s|i<'ilcd Siiiiii- 
 «l<TsoM, and afterwards Saiiiidi'r.s, in i'iynioiilh ( 'oioiiy, of whom I'lsther 
 SaiindiM'H, or Saunderson, married TliomaH Savery, hoi'ii I'lHI, a lineal 
 aiKM'Htor of the editor. The early iiiemhers of the Aniiapoli.s hi'aiiirh did 
 a vast and a most valualile |iioiieer work in deselopin;; the a;^'iieiiltiirai 
 resources of the county, while some of them eii;^a;,'e(l in liimlierin^' opera- 
 tions more (extensively than the avera^^e of their iieij^hlioiirs. 'riinothy 
 Saunders married Martha Ncily, widow of James lleagii, an Irish lady, 
 atid had diildntri : 
 
 i. Timnthy, b. I7!M, in. Isl ) iJatlislidia Sproul, (liiid) Kunii^e Spinney; 
 (Jh : I, Uiilmrt, li. IH12, in. .Miit ildii Nowcomli ; 2, HelNoy.d. uiiiii.; 
 ;{, Mary, m. K/.ekiel Wdndwnrtli ; -J, Olindiali, d. unm. ; (hy 'Jiid 
 wife); r», 'riiiidtliy, m, Luuy I'iiu^o (no issiug; (i, Saiiiuol, m. .Ann 
 I'piiiney ; 7, lloiiiy, in. (in I'.S.); H, Cideli, m. (in U.S.); !>, 
 Miirtlia, III. ('Iiarliis Spinney ; 1(1, ('atlmiine. in. (-'iilviii (Jiockor ; 
 
 I I, (.'aniline, III. (in I'.S.); I'J, ( Jiiilford. iii. (in U.S.); J I!, Sal all, 
 
 III. Clark Woltun. 
 
 ii. Henry ,'kov ), h. I7'.t.'t, in. IH17. Sarah Haiidall : CAi. : I. Susan, 1.. 
 IHIH, ni. Kdward H. Harris ; li. Natliaii, h. IH'.'(», m. (Ist) Al.i«ail 
 Whitman, (2nd) Harriot McCreyor; .'t, Kli/iihetli, h. IHJl, d 
 uiiin. ; 4, .loHupii Henry (Kuv.), Ii. \H2',\, in. Carolino HairiH; 
 r», Sarah .lane, I). IH'Ji"), d. iimii. ; (i, TliomaH Handley, li. lH'.i7, 
 III. .Iiiiio Neily ; 7, Margaret, li, IKliW, in. William Siuill ; H, 
 Charles, h. IH.'.I, iii. Mary Sloan (in U.S.), 
 iii. Hanniih, h, I7!*r), m. l'lli|)halot IJaiikB. 
 iv. FruiiceH, h. I7!>7, m. .lames (Jrimus. 
 
 V. David, h. I7!>!», in. Kli/.ahoth lUiodes, dau. of William UliodeH, who 
 came from Now Kn^iand, and in. I.ydia Huhh. (Sir I'kihh (Unr- 
 iiliMji/.): Ch. : 1, .lohii, in. (1st) Marf^aret Neily, (L'lid) Hannah 
 Hendry ; 2, Ohadiah, iii. Rebecca Ward ; .'<, (Jynthia, in, Doaii 
 Wheelnck ; 4, Klizabuth, m. (jiideon Hearduley ; 5, Maria, in. 
 James VaiiBimkirk ; (>, Ilev. Eiiwahk Mannino Saunurrh, D.D., 
 
598 SAUNDKRS. 
 
 m. Mitria Kishoro Freemiin, and fathc of tlio distinguished 
 authoress Miss Makuaret Makshall SacnfU'IRs ; 7, Martha, ni. 
 Diniouk (Jouchcr ; 8, G. Wiiitotield, in. Sarah Saunders ; {>, Walter 
 W., ni. Julia Robinson, 
 vi. Obadiah, b. 1800, ni. 1821, Cathtrine, dau. of William Rhodes : Ch. : 
 1, William, d. unn>. ; 2, Mary, m. Charles (Jrandison Bent ; 3, 
 Lydia, ni. Inglis Noily; 4, Salome, ni. William Mc(Jill ; 5, Sidney, 
 ni. Jane McNayr; (>, Matilda, ni. John Pudsey ; 7, Caroline, m. 
 James .Feft'erson ; 8, Zeniis, m. Adelaide McNayr ; {), Helen, m. 
 William Lent ; 10, Eliza, ni. James Sc(>iield ; 11, Obadiah, m. 
 twice 
 vii. Robert, d. young. 
 
 Elizal)eth, who m. Abner Morse, was, I think, a r.ister of Timothy, 
 the ancestor mentioned above. 
 
 John Saunders, fourth son of Joseph Saunders, the j,'rantee of 
 Yarmouth, and his wife Sarah Hill, born at Haverhill, Mass, June 27, 
 1755, married Noveuiber 26, 1781, Hannah Saunders (daughter of 
 Timothy, and certainly sister of the Timothy whose record is just given). 
 He settled at Paradise, and c^ied about 1842. She was born February 7, 
 1758, and died Augus^i 11, 18o5. Children : 
 
 i. John, h. Oct. 28, 1782, m. Jemima Wilson, and d. Sept. 8. 1857 : 
 Ch. : 1, Harvey, m. (Ist) Leonora Whitman, (2nd) Ann Jefferson, 
 »«'(' McGregor ; 2, Walter, m. (Ist) Margaret Toole, (2nd) Sarah 
 Wheaton ; 3, Christopher, m. Lois Whitman ; 4, Charles, m. (Ist) 
 
 Anna Hilton, (2nd) — (in U.S.) ; 6, Wiltshire, m. Maggie (in 
 
 Nevada) ; 0, Deidamiii, n.. Freeman Whitman ; 7, Mary, m. 
 Thomas Kempton ; 8, Lydia, d. unm. ; i), Elizabeth, d. unm. ; 
 10, Jane, m. Lewis Minard ; 11, Hannah, m. Hayden Cameron. 
 
 ii. Timothy, b. Feb. «, 1784, d. March 30, 18H5, m. — Whitman, 
 wid.: Ch. : 1, John Clark, d. unm. ; 2, William Starratt, m. Eliza 
 Wright ; 3, Susan, m. (1st) William Baker, (2nd) Jesse Oakes ; 
 4, Loret*:a, m. Daniel Whitman ; 5, Patten, m. Hannah Wilson ; 
 (i, Henry, m. Rachel Whitman , 7, Hiram, m. Anna Johnston, 
 nrt' Rice (was a railroad constructor in Scotland, Switzerland and 
 United States); 8, Mary, m. Walter Wilson ; 0, Abigail, ni. Ansley 
 Whitman. 
 
 iii. Joseph, b. Dec. 7, 1785, d. Aug. 16, 1851, m. VanKorden or 
 Cornwell, went to Canaila West. 
 
 iv. Elizabeth, b. April 21, 1788, d. Feb. 19, 1789. 
 
 V. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 21, 1790, d. March 5, 1875, m. Alexander 
 
 Wilson, 
 vi. Abner, b. Nov. 25, 1791, d. May 31, 1870, m. Sarah Tedford, b. 
 1793, d. 1886 : Ch. : 1, Samuel Tedford. b. 1815, m. 1845, Eliza 
 Pool ; 2, Hannah, b. 1820. m. James Vidito ; 3, Catherine S., b. 
 1822. m. (Ist) James Reid, (2nd) Ezra Leighton ; 4, George J., 
 b. 1823, unm. ; 5, W. Wallace, b. 1826, m. Sarah Tedford ; 
 6, Andrew F., b. 1827, m. "-becca Servant ; 7, Joseph, b. 1829, 
 m. Eleanor Phillips ; 8, An.; .et, b. 1831, d. 1865, m. Bartelle 
 Hosmer ; 9, Adelaide, b. 1832, m. Stephen Chesley ; 10, Abner M., 
 b. 1835, d. 1871, m. Mary Percy, 
 vii. William, b. Mav 5, 1794, d. March 31. ^""^5. 
 
 viii. William, b. Nov. 7, 1795, d. May 14, Ui83, m. Irene Poole : Ch. : 
 1, John, m. (1st) Louisa Gates. (2nd) Anna Chesley, (3rd) Sophia 
 Purdy ; 2, Gilbert, m. Seraph Morse ; 3, Sarah, m. Rev. Walter 
 Goucher ; 4, Stephen, m. Annie Allen (in California) ; 5. Eleanor, 
 m. William Patten ; 6, Ada, d. unm.; 7, Edmund, m. — Johnston. 
 
SAUNDERS — SCHAFNEU. 599 
 
 ix. Doidainirt, h. 1797, cl. May 14, 1803. ' 
 
 X. Miiry, 1). Doc. 31, 17!»8, d. Jan. 13, 1844, unni. 
 
 xi. Amoret, b. Aug. 14, 1800, d. March 17, 187i), m. Robert Wilson. 
 
 1. ScHAPNER. The name is an old German word signifying "overseer," 
 or " manager.'" Adam iSchafnkh, from whom our Annapolis County 
 family are directly descended, was horn in the Palatinate on the lower 
 Rhine about 1720, and came to Halifax with the German and Swiss 
 immigrants in 1752. His wife died on Iward the ship a few days before 
 his arrival, having given birth to a boy, who survived her. He went 
 about 1754 to Lunenburg, and there married Barbara Baltzer, a sister 
 of Stophel (Christopher) and Peter Baltzer, who with their parents came 
 out in the same ship with iiim from the same part of Germany. Soon 
 after the arrivi^l of the Massachusetts settlers, the Schafners and 
 Baltzers removed to Granville and settled on lot No. 1 in the lower 
 section, which Scliafner bought from Ebenezer Worthylake, one of the 
 grantees, a little westward of Denionts' first fort, and the " old Scotch 
 fort," which is still owned by .some of his posterity. His son Ferdinand 
 was married before his arrival in Granville. Two of his grandsons 
 settled in eastern Annapolis, and gave the name Schafner Settlement to 
 what is now known as South Williamstou. Children : 
 
 (2) i. Ferdinand, b. 1752. 
 
 ii. Barbara, m. John Bohaker. 
 
 By second wife : 
 iii. George, m. 180l>, Mary Coleman : Ch. : 1, Eli7,abeth, b. 1800, d. 
 
 unin ; 2, Abitrail, b. 1808, m. Joseph Johnson ; 3, Sarah, b. 
 
 1810, m. Daniel Kennedy, 
 iv. Catherine, m. Richard Armstrong. 
 V. Abigail, m. White. 
 
 2. Fekdixaxd Schafxer, born 1752, married Barbara Hawbolt. 
 Children : 
 
 i. Caleb, Lieut. -Colonel in the militia, ni..Mai X Phinney, dau. of_ 
 Zaccheus : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann, ni. Joseph Bohaker ; 2. Olivia, 
 unm. ; 3, Handley Chipman, m. Selina Randall ; 4, W i lliam C , 
 J.P., m.Jlst) Eliza, dau. of Henry Best, R.N., (2nd) Azuha 
 Phinney ; 5, EdwarTTSTanning, ni. Eliza Jane Biahop ; 6, Maria, 
 m. Rev. Thomas Todd, 
 ii. Ferdinand, m. 1812, Dorothea Whitman : Ch. : 1, George, b. 1814, m. 
 Cornelia Bogart ; 2, Diadama, b. 1816, m. Kinsman ; 3, Edwin, b. 
 1818, m. (Ist) Eliza Croscup, (2nd) Mary EUza Bent ; 4, John, b. 
 1820, m. Catherine Greenwood ; 5, William, b. 1822, m. Sarah 
 Clark, ne'e Fash ; 6, Sarah, b. 1825, d. unm., 1878 ; 7, Andreas, b. 
 1827, m. Whitman ; 8, Angelina, b. 1821), m. John Healy. 
 iii. James, m. 1816, Esther Croacup : Ch.: 1, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1810, 
 m. Richard Clark ; 2, Hannah Amelia, b. 1818, m. William 
 Croscup ; 3, .John Henry, b. 1820, m. Lucy Anderson ; 4, Benja- 
 min William, b. 1824, m. Mary Hewett ; 5, Isaac Ditmars, b. 
 1820, d. unm. ; 6, James Edwin, b. 1830, m. (Ist) Mary Church, 
 (2nd) Jane McConnick ; 7, Caroline, b. 1834. m. Lawrence 
 Delap ; 8, Gilbert Fowler, b. 1830, m. Elizabeth Winchester. 
 
 <; 
 
600 SCHAFNER — SHAW. 
 
 iv. John, 111, Rebecca Bishop : Ch. : 1, Go«rge, m. (1st) Phobe June 
 Chipniiin, (2nd) Catharine Kennie, tier Pock ; 2, Maigfiret Ann, 
 in. Robert Marshall ; .'J, Maria, in. John L. Fitzrandolph ; 4, 
 Mary, in. Ingram Neily ; 5, Juhii, m. Susan Parker ; (i, Rebecca, 
 111. Isaac Morse ; 7, William J., iii. (1st) Mary Croscup, (2nd) 
 Susan Morse ; 8, Janie.s, tl. unnu 
 
 V, Frances, m. Warren Rent. 
 
 vi. Barbara, in. John Bohaker. 
 vii. Elizabeth, m. Michael Bohaker. 
 viii. Mary, m. John Hardy. 
 
 ix. Catherine, m. Edward Croscup. 
 
 X. Hannah, m. Joseph Hall. 
 
 xi. Ann, m. (Ist) William Tomlinson, (2nd) Samuel Lord Chipman. 
 
 Shaw. Moses Shaw, a United Empire Loyali.st, a native of New 
 York, died in Granville, where his tombstone can still be seen. A son 
 was a member of the firm of Rutherford it Shaw, of Digby. But most 
 of the name in this province are descended from a MosK.a SriAW wlio 
 came here earlier in the century, two of his children, born previous to 
 1770, being natives of Massachusetts. He was born January 18. 1735, 
 and was no doubt son of Moses, wlio was born in 1705, and who was son 
 of Benoni Shaw, of Plympton, and Lydia, daughter of John Waterman. 
 Benoni was son of Jonathan, a native of England, who came over with 
 his father John Shaw, and in due time married Phebe, daughter of 
 George Watson. John, the immigrant ancestor of this family of Shaws, 
 reached Plymouth as early as 16.'$2, with wife Alice and children, John, 
 James, Jonathan and Abigail, who married Stephen Bryant.* MosKS 
 Shaw, the pioneer settler, married (1st) Ann Phinney, of Barnstrobic, 
 Ma.ss., and (•2nd) Mehitable, daughter of Joseph Patten, M.P.P., and 
 widow of Zachariah Hall, of Boston. He died in 1821, aged 86. He 
 served in the colonial troops in Nova Scotia in 1753. His eldest soik, 
 Isaiah, farmer, merchant and inventor, was member for Granville in 
 1806, and again in 1812. Moses, a nephew of Isaiah, son of Moses, jun., 
 was also a member for two terms of four 5'ears. (See memoirs.) One 
 or two of the sons of Moses, sen., removed to Yarmouth. Another, 
 David, married in Granville, but settled near Berwick, Kings County. 
 Isaiah removed to New York after retiring from the Legislature. Our 
 present subject had children, all born in Granville : 
 
 i. Isaiah, b. Oct. 11, 1763, d. in New York City, 1819, m. (Ist) Ann 
 Ketchum, (2nd) Sarnh Hausman, ne'e Ketchum : Ch. : 1, Mary, 
 b. 1788, m. James Delap ; 2, Sarah, b. 1790 ; 3, Fllizabetli, b. 
 1793, m. John Kennedy ; 4, Mehitable, b. 1795, m. Woolrich ; 
 5, Harris, b. 1800, d. 1800 ; 6. Ann, b. 1801, d. unm. 
 
 ii. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 26, 1764, m. 1/81, Josiah Snow, and removed to 
 Wakefield, N.B., d. 1854. 
 
 * The first Savery in Plymouth apprenticed a son first to John Shaw, and then 
 to Stephen Bryant. 
 
HIIAW — SL(JC()M1J. 601 
 
 iii. Moses, b. Sept. 23, 17()(>, d. Feb. 8, ISrd, ni. Phebe Moore, who 
 wtis born at Tarrytown, N..I., Oct. 15, 1771, d. nt Irontown, 
 Miirch 4, 1843: Ch.: 1, SHiiiuel, b. IWH, d. in infancy; 2, 
 Joseph, b. at Wilmot, March 14, 1802, m. Maiy, dau. of .lames 
 Thorne, and d. at (Jasp«3, N.B.; 3, Alfred, b Sept. 29, 1803 ; 4, 
 Moses, b. May 31, 1806, d. in infancy ; 5, Phebe Moore, b. Nov. 
 8, 180H, ni. (Ist) Joseph Hall, (2nd) lienja nin Tripp, of Belfast, 
 Me. ; (), Moses. Moses Shaw, M.P.P., wns b. at Magaguadavic, 
 April 13, 1809, ni. (Ist) Cornelia (Jesner, (2nd) July 20, 1837, 
 Elizabeth, dau. of William an ' Letitia (vVhitmun) Spurr, who 
 was b. Jan. 14, 1818, d. Aug. 24, 1884. He died Jan. 23, 1870. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. May 29, 17()8, d. March 25. 1798. 
 
 V. David, b. April 9, 1770, m. Desiah Phinney (dau. of Isaac), and d. 
 at Cornwallis, Fob. 14, 1840 : Ch. : 1, Thomas, b. 1800, d. unni. ; 2, 
 Harriet, b. 1800, m. William Pinoo ; 3, David, b. 1802, d. unm.; 
 4, James, b. 1804, m. Pamela Bishop ; 5, Margaret, b. 180<), d. 
 unm. ; (i, Sidney, b. 1808, m. Caroline Skinner ; 7, Moses, b. 
 1810, d. unm.; 8, John, b. 1812, m. Susanna Norwood ; 9, Ann, 
 d. unm.; 10, Havilah, m. Charles Norwood; 11, David, m. 
 BathshebaSproul ; 12, Isaiah, b. 1798, m. (1st) Ellice Woodworth, 
 (2nd) Sarah Lyons. 
 
 vi. Zebina, b. March 14, 1772, lived and d. in Yarmouth ; father or 
 
 nnclo of Zebina Shaw, Sheriff of Yarmouth, 
 vii. Havilah. b. May 14, 1774, m. James Hall, J.P.,andd. at Granville, 
 
 Sept. 17, 1816. 
 viii. Mary, b. Dec. 22, 177<>, m. Captain John Harris. 
 By second wife : 
 
 ix. Susanna, b. 1782, d. 1784. 
 
 X. Susannah, b. March 8, 1784, m. (Ist) James Reed, (2nd) Benjamin 
 Hoed, d. at Granville. 
 
 xi. Anna, h. June 5, 178(i, m. (1st) Guildford Reed, (2nd) — Smith. 
 
 Sloccmh, or Slocum, The name, like so many English surnames is of 
 local origin, and due to the abundant growtli of the sloe tree, or wild 
 plum, in some valley or depression among the hills, called in Old English a 
 i'omhc. A person named, say, Richard, living in such a spot would become 
 known among outsiders as *' Richard of the sloe combe," and when the use 
 of surnames became general, his posterity would inherit the name crys- 
 tallized into its modern form. Our Slocombs derive from Simon, who 
 married at Wrentham, Mass., in 1719. (He no doubt was a lineal 
 descendant from Anthony Slocum, one of the first purchasers of Taunton, 
 Mass., in 1637. There is a Slocomb genealogy, by Dr. Chas. E. Slocum, 
 of Syracuse, N.Y., but I have not seen it.^ — -Ed.) The eldest son of Simon 
 Slocomb a: d Abigail, his wife, was John, born 1720, and in 1747 married 
 Experience Healy, by whom he had two sons and a daughter, who came 
 here with the Loyalists of 1783. (A Captain Simon Slocom was a prom- 
 inent man in the Province as early as 1759, when he was a member of 
 the House of Assembly. — Ed.) John was then married, and his sister 
 and brother were respectively nine and fifteen years old. The sister 
 married Thomas Outhit, from whom all in the county of that name are 
 descended. She, at his death, married John McNeill, a Loyalist, and 
 thus became ancestress of the McNeill, of Wilmot. The two brothers 
 settled at Wilmot. 
 
602 SLOCOMl'.. 
 
 John Slocomh, Sbn., 1). 1720, in. 1747, Experience Healy, d. 1778. 
 Children : 
 
 i. John, b. 1754, m. 1778, Eleanor Spriggs, d. 1845 : Cli. : 1, Sarah, b. 
 177'>, m. John Hawkeswort'- ; 2, JoHhua, b. 1781, d. April, 1781 ; 
 
 3, John Prince, b. 1782, i'». 1805, Rebecca Hawkesworth ; 
 
 4, Joshua (Tphani, b. 1784 (in N.S.), ni. 180J>, Elizabeth Farns- 
 worth ; 5, William, b. 1785, ni. Eliwi Miller, d. 1863 ; «, Caleb, 
 b. 1787, ni. (l8t) 1810, Sarah Lenahan, (2nd) Sarah Wilson ; 7, 
 Eleanor, b. 178S), d. 184i>, m. Okihani Gates ; 8, Lavinia, b. 17".»4, 
 ni. Peter Middlenias. 
 
 ii. Lavinia, b. 17<54, m. (Ist) Thomas Outhit, (2nd) John McNeill. 
 
 iii. Caleb, b. 17«8, ni, 17!>2, Mary, dau. of Alden Bass : Ch.: 1. Caleb, 
 b. 17!>3, m. 1814, Mary Hamilton ; 2, Thoniiu v.uthit, b. 17i>4, m. 
 Mary Berteaux ; ti, Mary, b. 17fMi, m. Adam Enston Hawkes- 
 worth ; 4, Eliziibeth, b. 17^7, m. John Brown ; 5, Timothy Rice, 
 b, 17SM>, m. 1825, Hannah West ; «, John, b. 18U0, d. unni ; 7, 
 Susan, b. 1802, d. 1802 ; 8, Susanna, b. 1803, m. William Miller, 
 J.P. ; 9, Naomi, b. 1806, m. James Crowley, of Digby ; 10, Ruth, 
 b, 1810, m. William Gould ; 11, Julia, b. 1810, m. Isaac Noble; 
 12, Esther, b. 1812, d. unm. ; 13, Sarah, d. unm. 
 
 John Prince (son of John) nnd Rebecca (Hawkesworth) Slocomb had ch. : 
 1, Mary, b. 180(), m. James Parker ; 2, William, b. 1808, d. 1809 ; 3, Sarah, 
 b. 1809, d. 1810; 4, Abraham, b. 1810, d. 1831; 5, Rebecca, b. 1813, m, 
 William H. Harriscm ; 6, Isaac, b. 1815, d. 1837, unm. (in Edinburgh) ; 7, 
 Sfirah, b. 1817, m. William H. Harrison ; 8, Jacob, b. 1819, m. Jerusha 
 Tupper Gates. 
 
 Joshua Upham and Elizabeth (Farnsworth) Slocomb hadch.: ' r-i'jnnr. 
 Spriggs, b. 1809, m. Solomon Bowlby ; 2, John, b. 1811, m. (1st) s-Jarah 
 Sothern, (2nd) Catherine Keizer ; 3, Deborah, b. 1813, m. Joel Banks ; 4, Mary 
 Upham, b. 1815, m. David C. Landers, M.P.P. ; 5, Elizabeth, b. Ic;i7, m. 
 Francis Miller ; C, Lavinia, b. 1819, m. Henry Miller ; 7, Joshua, b. 1820, d. 1831 ; 
 
 8, Joel, b. 1822, m. (1st) Irene Huntington, (2nd) widow Gates, ne'e Landers ; 
 
 9, Samuel Busby, b. 1824, m. Susanna Brown (no issue) ; 10, Angelina, b. 1826, 
 m. Nathaniel Whitman ; 11, Naomi, b. 1829, m. John Gates ; 12, Ruth, b. 
 1831, m. Charles A. Elliott. 
 
 William (son of John) and Eliza (Miller) Slocomb had ch.: 1, Jacob, b, 
 1822, d. 1885, unm. ; 2, Savah, b. 1823, d. 1825 ; 3, John, b. 1826, m. (Ist) 
 Dorothea Baltzer, (2nd) Adelaide Bruce ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1828, m. William 
 Beach ; 5, William, b. 1830, m. (1st) Caroline Wilkins, (2nd) Maria Armstrong ; 
 6, Caleb, b. 1830, d. unm.; 7, Abraham, b. 18.33, ni. (Ist) Eliza Gibson, (2nd) 
 Sarah E. Bent ; 8, Sarah, b. 1836, m. John Bruce ; 9, Henry, b. 1837, d. unm.; 
 
 10, Isaac, b. 1840, m. Louisa Miller ; 11, James H., b. 1842, d. unm. 
 
 Caleb (son of John) rind Sarah (Lenahan) Slocomb had ch.: 1, William 
 Sutcliffe, M.D., b. 1810, m. Emnieline Little ; 2, Caroline, b. 1812, m. 1836, 
 Pardon Starratt ; 3, Ann, b. 1814, d. 1816 ; 4, Rebecca, b. 1817 ; 5, Christina, 
 b. 1819, m. Morris WheeJ^ck , 6, Walter Bromley, b. 1821, m. 1852, Sarah 
 Morgan ; 7, Eliua, b. 1823 ; 8, Eleanor, b. 1826 ; 9, Ethlin B., b. 1827 ; 10, 
 Sarah Ann, b. 1829 ; by 2nd w., Sarah Wilson, he had : 11, Obadiah Moore, 
 b. 1832, m. Mary Nickerson. 
 
 Caled («o«, of Caleb) imd Mai y (Hamilton) Slocomb hadch.: 1, Catherine, 
 b. 1S16, m. (1st) Joseph Banks, (2nd) Captain Harvey ; 2, William Alfred, b. 
 1811, m. Emmeliiie Brown ; 3, James E., b. 1819, m. Mary Middlenias ; 4, 
 George H., b. 1821, m. Abigail Walker; 5, Caleb Edgar, b. 1823, m. 1849, 
 Adeline Parker ; 6, Eliza Jane, b. 1825, m. .Jacob Fritz ; 7, John, b. 1827, d. 
 
SLOCOMB — SMITH — SNEDEN — SNOW. 603 
 
 1827 ; 8, Mary Laviiiiii, h. 1829, d. unni. ; 1», Israel, 1). 18a2, m. 1862, Catherine 
 Darton ; lU, Charles Rideout, h. 1842, d. uniii. 
 
 Timothy Rice (.w»i o/ Culfh) and Hannah (West) Slocomb had ch. : 1, ,Tnne, 
 b. 1825, d. uiim.; 2, Isaac, h. 1827, m. Elizahuth Durland ; •'), Ingram liill, I). 
 1829, m. 1855, Adelia Smith ; 4, Sarah Abigail, b. IWJl, n). 1850, Thomas Dur- 
 land ; 5, Lucy Lavinia, b. 1835, d. unni. ; (>, Isaiah, b. 18;J7, m. 1859, Margaret 
 Frend ; 7, Harriet Adelia, b. 1839, ni. Robert Weaver ; 8, Susan Amelia, b. 
 1843, m. Henry Weaver ; 9, Joseph Dimock, b. 1845, d. 1848. 
 
 Smith. This Smith family was of Loyalist origin. Austin Smith, 
 whose name is in the Annapolis nmster roll of 1784, married — Tuttle, 
 and settled later in Wilmot. He had children : 
 
 i. .Jonathan, m. (Ist) 1790, Love Woodbury (dau. of Dr. Joiiathiin, 
 sen.), (2nd) Ann Gates, and had children ; 1, James, m. Rebecca 
 Freeinan ; 2, Fairfield, m. Margaret Magee ; 3, Lou, m. Robert 
 Walker ; 4, Famitcha, m. Daniel Robinson ; 5, Manley, went 
 abroad ; (by 2nd w.) 6, .John, in. Elizabeth Forbes ; 7, CoUing- 
 woiid, ni. (1st) Jane Cassidy ; (2nd) Maria Goucher, nee Weaver ; 
 
 8, Theresa, m. Thrnmis Marshman ; 9, Mary, ni. .Jonathan 
 Parker; 10, Elizabeth, ni. Edward Morgan; 11, Fanny, ni. 
 Alfred Hent ; 12, Susan, d. young ; 13, Sampson, m. 
 
 ii. Francis, m Mary VanHuskirk : Ch. : 1, John G., m. Angelina Harris ; 
 2, William, m. Elizabeth Hicks ; 3, Rev. .James Austin, m. (1st) 
 Mary Ann (iunter, (2iid) Elizabeth McD(maId ; 4, Herbert, m. 
 Achsa Raker ; 5, Elizabeth, m. Edmuml Palmer ; 0, Azubah, m. 
 William Nichols ; 7, Mary, m. — ; 8, Catharine, m. John Gates ; 
 
 9, Helen, m. Major Stronach ; 10, Grace, m. (Ist) William 
 Marshall (son of William), (2nd) .James Alessenger. (Francis 
 Smith was some years Deputy Sheriff, and was a candidate for the 
 shrievalty in 1821, well supported.) 
 
 Snkuen. Lawrence, son of Stephev Snedev, who was born 1743, 
 and married, 1763, Margaret Townshend, and died 1814, was one of the 
 leading men of the town in his day. His elder brother, John Townshend 
 Sneden, born 1765, married, 1815, widow Margaret Ruggles, nee 
 Robevson, and had sons, John Townshend, lx)rn 1816 ; James Robertson, 
 born 1818, and George Ricketts, born 1820. Lawrence, born 1768, died 
 1823, married 1800, Elizabeth Amory, and had ch.: 1, Anne, born 1802, 
 married Dr. Robert Leslie ; 2, Stephen William, born 1 804 ; 3, Mary 
 Esther, married Rev. J. M. Campbell; 4, John Anthony, born 1808 ; 5, 
 Margaret Augusta, born 1812, married George Simard Millidge ; 6, 
 Lawrence James, born 1816, married Catharine McLauchlan. The name 
 only survives in the county on the gravestones and church records. 
 
 Snow. Nicholas, Anthony and William Snow came over to New 
 England among the early settlers, and are supposi'd to have been related. 
 There was also a Richard and a Thomas. Anthony had only one son, 
 Josiah, which seems to have been a family name, even down to the 
 founding of the Nova Scotia branch, although this early Josiah left no 
 
604 HNOW — SI'INNKY. 
 
 sons. He was |)r()l)iil)ly cousin or uncle of a Niclioliis Snow, who 
 nmrriwl Mary, perhaps sistcT of (ieorge Upham, of VVivc^liscomho, 
 Somerset, and who was citizen and armourer of Ltindon in February, 
 IGGO. He came in the Aunr in 102IJ, and inarritMl Constantia Hopkins, a 
 Miii/Jloifer passenger, and had twelve or thirteen children, and was a man 
 of mark amonj,' the Pilgrim Fathers. The line of descent is from Nichohi.s,' 
 througli Jabez,-' Jabez,' Jal)ez,' to Jaiik//' Snow, who was born June 19, 
 17.'}3, niarric^d. May 22, 1758, Elizabeth Doane (dau. of Dr. Jonathan), 
 was a captain in a colonial conipany during the French war, and came 
 to Granville among tlie early settlers, and was a leading spirit there, 
 filling the office of coroner and other prominent positions, (jlnldren ; 
 
 i. Josiiih, b. Oct. 17, 1755, in. 1781, Elizabeth Shaw : Ch. : 1, Anna, 
 1>. Aug. 1!>, 1782, 111.; 2, .loimthau Doane, b. Jan. 27, 1784, 
 III. Sarah llnusiimn ; 3, .Fabez, 1), April 0, 1785, m.; 4, Josia!', 
 b. March 10, 1787, in.; 5, Moaos, 1). April 21, 178!), iii.; (5, 
 Warren, b. Juno 1, IV'.'l, in.; 7, Jiviues, b. April 12, 171)3, in.; 
 8, Elizabeth, b. Fob. 21, 17!»5, m.; !», Mary, b. Feb. 23, 17!>7, ni.; 
 10, Martha, b Oct. 12, 1700, m.; 11, Jane, b. Sept. 4, 1801, m. ; 
 12, Havilah, b. July 3, 1804, in.; 13, J()sei>h S , b. May 22, 1807. 
 
 ii. William, b. Sei)t. (J. 17(>3, in. Margaret Winchester : Cii. ; 1, Eliza- 
 beth Doane, b. Oct. 27, 1788 ; 2, William Quigley, b. Oct. 16, 
 1700 ; 3, Hannah, b. Dec. 8, 1702 ; 4, Ann Eve, b. Jan. 15, 17»5 ; 
 5, Jabez, b. May 24, 1707 ; <"), rainela, b. Oct. 4, 1700 ; 7, Wink- 
 worth Quigley, b. Jan. 12, 1802. 
 
 iii. Silvaniis h. Feb. 24, 17B5, m. (1st) June 2, 1801, Mary Clark (dau. 
 of Thomas), (2nd) 1814, Mary Lent (dau. of Abraham): Ch.: 
 1. Silvauus. juu., b. Jan. 15, 1804, m.; 2, Mary, b. May 12, 1805, 
 m. ; 3, Elizabeth, b. Nov. 14, 1800, m. ; 4, < )livia, b. March 12, 
 1808, m.; 5, Eunice, b. Feb. 28, 1811 ; 0, Stephen, b. May 31, 
 1812 ; (by 2iid wife) : 7, Jane Elizabeth. 1). Nov. 13, 1816 ; 
 8, Eleanor Ann, b. April 2, 1818, iii. ; 0, Hannah, b. March 20, 
 1821. 
 
 iv. Edward, b. Jan. 17, 1771, m. — . (The record stops here, and I 
 cannot find the materials tc) complete it. — En.) 
 
 Benjamin Snow, a Loyalist, a graduate of Dartmouth, who opened a 
 Grammar School in Annapolis in 1781, soon removed to New Brunswick, 
 and was one of the grantees of the parish of Studholm, Kings County. It 
 is likely that the late Francis C. Snow and his son Harry A., recently 
 well-known woollen manufacturers at Lequille, who came here from 
 New Brunswick, were descended from him. 
 
 Spinney. Of the immigrant ancestor of this family, or the part of 
 England from which he came, I have no information. The author only 
 mentions that Joseph Spinney, fs ■her of the Joseph whose family he 
 records, was born in Massachusetts. Elsewhere he notes that a John 
 Spiioey, of Kittery, N.H., married in 1729, Mary Waterhouse. Camp- 
 bell, in his "History of Yarmouth," p. 67, says, "John Spinney, who 
 came from Portsmouth, with seven sons, is as striking an example as can 
 
SIMNNKY — SI'IKd'L. (10.') 
 
 anywhcro he found of nuninrical increuHo," lm\ ing com«^ to Al)iiptic in 
 17fi2, and lu'come the ancefiior of j)rol)ahly five hunched desceiidaiitM then 
 livinj^, al)()Ut iialf of them in tliat county. He may liave Iwsen the fatlier 
 or grandfatlier of the one who founth'd tlie Annapolis family of the name. 
 1 find, however, from tlie town recordsof (iianville that a Hamuel Hpinney 
 was there in the last century, that lie had a wife Klizaheth, hy whom he had 
 ch. ; 1, JosKl'il, h. April l.'l, ITC;?; U, David, h. Feh. ID, 17G4, d. June 
 9, 1765, and that the wife died Feh. 1 1, 1706 ; that he married (2nd) Nov. 
 2G, 1766, Hannah Smith, and had eh. : ."?, David, h. Oct. 2'.i, 1767; 4, 
 Eli/aheth, h. Nov. \'^, 176!). A David Spinney, .son of Andrew, married, 
 1826, Kliza Fo.ster (dau. of E/ra, of N.li.), was in Granville in 1828 and 
 1834. The Joseph Spinney, stated by our author to be son of Joseph, 
 may ha e been the son of Sanmel, b. 1763, or that man may liave been 
 identic) 1 with Joseph, sen., said to be born in Massachusetts. Joseph 
 married Sarah Beech and had ch. : 1, Abraham, m. — Barss ; 2, Samuel, 
 m. Mary Rhodes; 3, IJenaiah, m. (1st) Mary Banks, (2nd) Abigail 
 Locke ; 4, Mary, m. Eric WcUton ; f), Ann, m. Jolin Banks ; 6, James, m. 
 Letitia Wheelock ; 7, Elijah, m. Margery Rhodes ; 8, (Jharlotte, m. 
 Israel Whitman ; 9, Sarah, m. George Neily ; 10, John (in U.S.A.). 
 
 Spuoul. Robekt Spkoul, the progenitor of the Nova Scotia and New 
 Brunswick families of the name, came from the north of Ireland, pro- 
 bably at the same time that the Neily.s, McCormicks and Elliotts came, 
 and must have settled in Granville later than the year 1770. By his first 
 wife, who may have died on the voyage, he had tliree sons, James, John, 
 and Robert, born in Ireland. James, the eldest, b. 1763, went to New 
 Brunswick and became the ancestor of a large posterity there. John and 
 Robert removed to Wilmot, the former settling near Paradise, the latter 
 farther up the valley. Thomas, the son by the second wife, settled in 
 Granville, from which many descendants have gone foith to neighbouring 
 counties and the United States, some to California. The name, once 
 numerous, has now nearly disappeared from Granville. Robekt Sproul, 
 d. 1801, m. (Ist) Sarah , d., (2nd) Jane , d. 1800. Ch. : 
 
 i. James. 
 
 ii. John, ni. 1708, Anne Parker : Ch. : 1, Mary, b. 1799, m. James 
 Phinney ; 2, Miriam, m. John Miller ; 3, Elijah, ni. Martha Bowl- 
 by ; 4, Obadiah, m. (1st) Amy Rumsey, (2nd) Eliza Lent, ne'e 
 Brinton ; 5, Elliott, m. Ellen Cripps ; fi, Sarah, m. John Wesley 
 Pool ; 7, Nancy, m. — Maybee ; 8, William, b. 1805, m. (1st) 
 Sarah Durhind, (2) Dorcas Brown, n^e Longley ; 9, Diadaina, m. 
 Beldon Sproul. 
 
 iii. Robert, m. Bathsheba Ricketson : Ch. : 1, Abednego, m. Lucy 
 Clarke ; 2, Elliott, m. Sophia Baker ; 3, Robert, jun., m. Elizabeth 
 Baker ; 4, Samuel, m. (1st) Hannah Wheelock, (2nd) Caroline Dur- 
 land ; 5, Edward, m. (1st) Nancy Daley, (2nd) Minetta Katherns ; 
 G, James, m. Lydia Messenger : 7, Jane, m. ; 8, Bathsheba, m. 
 
 iv. Sarah, m. 
 
«iOG SI'KOUL— SI'UKH. 
 
 \\y socimd wife : 
 V. ThiiiiiikN, III. llHiiiiiih flii.Hkell : Cli. : I, Daviil, in. IMit'lx' h'owItT ; 
 'J, NV'illiiiiii, in. Mnry KimihIi ; .'t, 'riidtniiN, in. Kleiuior McKuii/ic ; 
 4, .liiiie. III. AloxHiiilor Miiillttt i.Vcndinii Kruiicli) ; 5, Klu-ii, iii. (iHt) 
 I'liiOii! .\iiii McColl, (I'lnli Miiry .Imio iMcCull ; (i. .ViulrciiH, in. 
 ('atlinriiu; Itowlus : 7. iHiiiali, in. Kli/.ii)>utli IhiwIch : H, llitimah, 
 III. .Joliii NN'liito, livoil at Soutli Kiiii^o, Ui^'iy County, iis did 
 .'Mux. Muiliut mid family, 
 
 Spuun. Mit;il.\i;i, Si'cuii, wlni canit' in tlic ('littrinniii Molly, witli 
 Ills wifo Anil Mini and family, liad a m'rant of land and st'ttlcd at Hound 
 Mill. He was ji(>rliaj).s son of Holtert, and fjrandson of a senior llohert, 
 of |)oroli('stf'r, Mass. One of his aiicostors was captain in one of the 
 colonial iTginicnts that attai-ked I'oit Moyal in 1707, his company hcinj; 
 the first to land on tlie (Jranvillc hIioic, at a jilacc n<iw called Weather- 
 spoon's Point, luit known as Spurr's Point fiom the circumstances of this 
 landinj;, down to 1770, so that the name had heen known Ihmv for half a 
 <'entuiy hefore the arrival of these settlers. (The order of llie hirtlis of 
 his children I take from the " Chute Genealogii's," the author assuring me 
 they are more correct. — Ed.) 
 
 i. Abrani, h. 17r)(i, in. Mary LeCivin (dim. of Francis) ; Ch. : I. Mary, 
 III. ITltl, (ieoifj;e Davis ; 2, Michael, h. 177r), in. Auj^. '.►, 17!W, 
 Kli/abvth, daii. of .luliii lloacli, and d. .Fan. 2.'<, IH78, in his lOlird 
 year ; H, Kli/.abeth, ni. Christopher V. Harris ; 4, .lane, ni. 
 Heiijaiiiin Putter; 5, Thomas ; «i, Ann, in. Henry, son of Micliael 
 Honnigar ; 7, Abiiiail, i). 17H.">, d. April liO, 1871, in- Thatcher 
 Scars; 8, Rev. (iilbert, b. .lulv !>, 1787, ni. Enthcr Chute, and 
 had (> daus. ; 0, Diadaina, in. Elijah, son of Heiijainin Hunt, and 
 father of llov. Abr.vham Sitkh Hint; 10, Maria, iii. Samuel 
 McColly, in (.)ntario ; 11, Alicia, in. John Sulis ; 12, Abram, in. 
 18'20, Ann, dau. of Captain .lohii Harris, livcil at Smith's Cove, 
 Digliy. 
 ii. Ann, in. William, son of Philip Bcrteaux. 
 iii. Abigail, m. .John Harris, Jl.P.P. 
 , iv. Shippey, in. 1788, Letitia Voorhies (see "Frontier Missionary," p. 
 215): Ch. : 1, William, b. 178!», d. 17!l(!; 2, Mary, b. 17!U, d. 17!tl); 
 'A, Jane, b. 17!>2, iii. Burns ; 4, Luke Voorhies, b. 17!>4, m. Van 
 Horn ; 5, Mary, b. 17!H5, m. Isaac Ditinars ; (i, Elizabeth, b. 17!>8, 
 in. (1st) Isajiu Ditinars, (2nd) Edward Morse, (!Srd) John Ditmars ; 
 7, John Cooj)er, m. (Ist) Harriet Parker, (2iid) Louisa McNeill, 
 mie Haines, and d. on her property at Harton, Digby County ; 8, 
 Catherine Marsden, b. 1802, ni. Maynard Parker ; !), Sarah Ann, 
 b. 1804 ; 10, Shippey, b. 1807, d. 1812 ; 11, Margaret, b. 1808, m. ; 
 12, William, b. 1810, m. 
 V. Michael, m. (according to the "Chute Genealogies") Diadama, dau. 
 of Rev. Arzarelah Morse, but I conjecture that she d, and that he 
 in. (2nd), Dec. ',i, 1791, Anna Rice (St. Luke's Church records). 
 Ch.: 1, probably Azariah (or Arzarelah), bpd. April 7, 1787; 2, 
 William, probably bpd. Dec. 3, 17D1, ni. Letitia, dau. of John 
 Whitman ; 3, James, d. unm. ; 4, Diadama, b. 17!M>, probably bpd. 
 Jan. 7, 1707, d 1878 unm. ; 5, Ann, in. — Burrill ; 0, Susan, ni. 
 James Gilliatt, or perhaps she was dau. of William and Letitia. — 
 [En.] 
 
^c<i,^ ,t^ {^k.^ 
 
 V 
 
 KKV. AHHAIIAM SPUUU HUNT, M.A., 
 
 Horn III near Itlivr, Aniiaiiolid Cminln, April ?, ISI',, ilieil Orlnber .'.!, 117:. (.Sec ;i. m.) 
 
HiMmn— sTARHArr. (j07 
 
 vi. Thoiiww. h. I7fl.'» (d. "H.<|.t. I. \Ki7, imi»\ 74"). in. Miiry, tluu. of 
 Koitt IIimhI, liy w., Kli'iiiiiir KHiiioitil, an IriHli liidy : (,'|i. : |, 
 Mnry. Ii. 17H». iJ. Dw. 2(>. 1HI1» ; '_', Kohuit, h. I7»l ; ni. (»it. '_>(), 
 
 1H14, Miiiiit Wliitnitm, (2n(l) IMu'lm Nulnnit (Wi'trntui), wul. of 
 
 Kttv. II. W, CunninKlmin ; <l. " Mny 15, |WJ», in 7Mtli yoiu" ; .«. 
 
 KUiHnor K., in. Klimtlmii Wliitiimn, M.P.P. ; 4, Williuni, li. 17<M, 
 
 (I. "Si)|(t. "Jl*, IH4I, ». 47," III. Aniuliii Mhnh. m'c Di-NVolfe, hikI 
 
 wuM fiithtT of Jami>H IhWulfv Hfun-r, Ks(|., uiid of Murij, w. of 
 
 •loliii (I. Iliirdiii^, Kni|,, Ht. John, N.K., itnd otliuiH ; 5, John, d. 
 
 Miiy '-', mm ; «1. JiHii-,* III. Hiipt. ii'J, IH^r., Alfml Whitnmii. 
 
 M.IM'., etc.; 7, Kli/Ji, III. •lohii Wliitiimn, s. of .\limlinin : H, 
 
 Nimnii, li. IKOl, III. JikiiiuH (imv, d. " Kul>. I«l, IHtl'i, u. (14 " ; 1», 
 
 ThonuiN, li. IH()*J, III. I82H, ChiuiotUt ViinltuHkiik, itiid wuh fiithor 
 
 of ImMln, III. .\ylwiii ('ruii^liton, and KUnnor E-<m<md, in. Kov. 
 
 H. D. DdIMoIh, liiid 2 HoiiH d. uniii. ; 10, Kdwiinl, h. Mui-cli 19, 
 
 1H(>7, III. Murxiu'ct, dim. of .fuinuN H. DoWolfi!, M.IM*., Livur- 
 
 |MM)1 ; 11, Ann, h. Hept. H, 1H(M>, in. The««lofu H. HiirdiiiK ; 12, 
 
 MuiiH, b. July IM, 1811, .1. Nov. 2H, 1844, in. Tho.idoio S. Huid- 
 
 ing (hiH 2iid w.) ; l.'i, ('hurlottu, h. Mttiuh 28, 1814, in. Klkitimh 
 
 Youn^. M.IM'., d. uiirly. 
 
 vii. FiloHiior, in. Ahndiiiin Luiit. 
 
 viii. Kliaihoth, in. Nov. 15, 1787, Jiifoh Fritz. 
 
 Mk'IIaki. Sim'kr (mm of Ahmhavi, hdii.) hud ch. by w. (Kli/Jilieth Koiicli) ; 
 
 1, ThoniHH Roiiuh, b. Apr. l.'i, 17iW, in. (IhI) Avih Ritchie, ditii. of Miitthow, 
 
 HUH., (2tid) Kli»il)oth (LeCuin), wid. of Alo.\. Hitchiu, luid hid ill. : (by Ist w.) 
 
 WiUidin, Anna, (h'imie uiid Chdrlntte ; 2, .lohn M., b. .Inn. 11, 1H<H, ni. 
 
 (Jiu'olinu Corbitt, imd hud ch. : M<tr\i, ElkaMh, John M., Annu, Anfhoiut, 
 
 IFiUiuin, Matildd nml Junie.t Henry; li, Jhuiom VVilkio, I). Juno 17, 180.S, in. 
 
 Snwiii Copulnnd, luid liiid ch. : Elizabeth, Eleanor, Arin, Jaiws, Michael, Oiorije 
 
 liud John a. 
 
 .loHN Cooi'KK Si'URR (nun of Shippi\i) hn(' ch. by Ist w. (Harriet Parker) : 
 I, Mary Ann, in. Hiram R. Smith ; 2, Nathaniel Parker, m. (iHt) Sophia 
 Parker, (2nd) Elizabeth Binhop, (3rd) Rebecca Skinner ; 3, Angelina, d. uiiiii.; 
 4, William Voorhien, in. Kninia Ditinars ; 5, Shippey, in. Elizabeth (Janipbull ; 
 «, Alfred, m. Horatia Snow ; 7, (ieorge Edward, in. (1st) Mary Ann Neily, 
 (2nd), Maggie A. Magee ; 8, Isabel, in. Edgar BiHhop ; U, .lohn Church, in. 
 Nancy Lockhart, nee Whitman ; by 2nd w. (Louisa McNeill, n^e Haines), 10, 
 CharleH, in. Emma Pattuii. 
 
 RoiiKKT Si'iTKR (son of TJiomas), by w. (Maria Whitman), had ch.: 1. Anna 
 Rice, b. 181<i, d. unm ; 2, Alfred, b. 1817, d. 1821 ; 3, Edwin, b. 181!), d. 
 1H20; 4, Alfred Whitman, b. 1821, d. 1860, unm.; 5. Eliza Jane, m. Frederic 
 W. Sanders ; (i, Robert James, b. 1824, m. Margaret LeOain ; 7, Edward 
 Phelan, b. 1820, d. 1830; 8, William Henry, b. 1828, m. Abigail Dow ; », 
 Charles Edward, b. 1829, m. Margaret Tupper ; 10, Seraph Maria, b. 18^)4, 
 in. James W. Herrington, d. Aug. 2, 1857 ; 11, Bernard, b. 18.3U, m. Eugenia 
 Bogart ; 12, Charlotte Letitia, b. 1837, m. (Ist) Lovett Bishop, (2nd) T. T. 
 Vernon Smith, C.E. (his 2nd w.) ; 13, Thomas, b. 1845, m. Susan Elliott. By 
 2nd w., no ch. 
 
 1. PrtiSK Htakbatt, the ancestor of the Annapolis County family of 
 the name, was probably born in Scotland about 1720, and mnoved to 
 the north of Ireland (Fermanagh), where one of his sons, Joseph, was born, 
 f«)r in an early census return for Granville he reports himself as of Scot- 
 tish, and his son Joseph of Irish, birth.t In 1770 Joseph is reported as 
 having a wife and two children, but no descendants are in the county. 
 (He there is stated to be of American birth. See page 198. — Ei>.) 
 The early Starratta seem to have been seafaring men, and Joseph owned 
 
 * Possibly some of these are not exactly in the correct order.— [Ed.] 
 tFrom this it would appear that lie was married before emigrating. — [Ed.] 
 
608 STAURATT. 
 
 one of the first schooners built on tlie basin, after tlie advent of the 
 Massachusetts coltinists. Two of his brotlieis are said to have been 
 King's Pilots, and died in the pursuit of that calling. The father first 
 settled in Granville, it is thought, on a farm afterwards owned by the 
 late Colonel Millidge. About 17H0 they removed .to the vicinity of 
 Paradise, where two of his sons w«'re killed, in 1S20, by tlie caving in 
 of the bank while building a dam over the stream known as Starratt's 
 Brook, near the site of the j)resent railway bridge across the strc^am. 
 Peter married in Maine (where Ik^ had lived before^ coming to No\a 
 Scotia), Eleanor Armstrong (perhaps a second wife), and had children, 
 besides Joseph and perhaps »)thers, who probably moved back to Maine : * 
 
 (2) 
 
 i. 
 
 John, b. 1746. 
 
 (3) 
 
 ii. 
 
 George, b. 1747. 
 
 (4) 
 
 iii. 
 
 VVilliani, b. 1749, in. — Webber. 
 
 
 iv. 
 
 Mary, m. John Brown. 
 
 
 v. 
 
 Anna, ni. — Robinson. 
 
 
 vi. 
 
 Lois, m. Zaecheus Phinney. 
 
 
 vii. 
 
 Eleanor, in. John McGregor. 
 
 2. John, born as supposed about 174G, but perhaps later, married in 
 1778, Hannah Bancroft, born, it is suggested, at Reading, Mass., 17')'), 
 and had children : 
 
 i. William, b. 1779, m. (1st) Susan Leonard, (2nd) Susan Betts : Ch. : 
 
 1, William, m. Abigail S. Bent (dan. of Beriali) ; (by 2nd w.); 
 
 2, George, m. Bessie Sophia Diniock. 
 ii. George, b. 1781, in. 
 
 iii. Simon, d. unm. 
 
 iv. John, b. 1784, m. 1806, Mary Sanders : Ch. : 1, Daniel, b. 1807, m. 
 Eleanor Blood Morton ; 2, Pardon, b. 1810, m. Caroline Slocoml) ; 
 
 3, Helen, b. 1811, m. (1st) John Phinney, (2nd) Gilbert F. Chute; 
 
 4, Elizabeth, b. 1813, m. Peter De Laucey ; 6, Ann Almira, b. 
 1816, m. Jeremiah Bancroft ; 6, George, )). 1819, m. Evaline 
 Phinney ; 7, John, b. 1822, m. -- Bollard ; 8, James, b. 1824, m. 
 Esther Robinson (no issue) ; 9, Mary, b. 1826, in. William Tufts ; 
 10, Hannah, b. 1828, m. Charles H. Burgess ; 12, Rich. C, b. 
 1830, m. Mary Skerry ; 13, Theodore H., b. 1817, d. 1860. 
 
 V. Jeremiah, b. 1787, m. Sarah Dudgeon: Ch.: 1, John, m. Etheliijda 
 Rtjbinson ; 2, Harvey, m. Margaret Pierson ; 3, Joseph, m. Ma- 
 tilda Kinney ; 4, Hannah, in. Judah Wells ; 5, Sarah, m. Calvin 
 Smith; 6, Handley, d. unni, ; 7, Rev. Manning, in. (1st) Ijavinia 
 Kinney, (2nd) — Pride ; 8, William, m. Rebecca Hoar ; 9, 
 Samuel (in U.S.A.) ; 10, Jane, m. Henry Brown. 
 
 vi. Sarah, b. 1789, m. 18(M>, David Whitman. 
 
 vii. Peter, b. 1791, m. 1813, Rachel Robinson, b. 1792 ; Ch. : 1, Sarah 
 Ann, b. 1814, m. Walter Wilson ; 2, Robert Roliinson, b. 1815, 
 in. (1st) Rebecca Bishop, (2nd) Lovicia lieardsley ; 3, Simon Peter, 
 m. Ami Dudgeon ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1821, m. William Starratt ; 
 
 5, Wallace, b. 1823, m. (1st) Susan Dunn, (2iid) Carrie Caldwell ; 
 
 6, Mary Eliza, b. 1826, m. Alline Morse ; 7, Aiiioret, b. 1827, m. 
 — Davidson ; 10, John, b. 1833, d. unm. ; 11, Hannah, b. 1836, 
 m. Jos. T. Bass. 
 
 viii. Handley Chipman, b. 1793, m. Jane Dudgeon : Ch. : 1, George, b. 
 1818, 111. Phebe Johnston ; 2, William, in. Eleanor Starratt ; 3, 
 John, 111. Sarah Ann Brinton ; 4, James, in. (1st) Rtvchel Stjirratt, 
 (2nd) — Bacon, (3rd) Esther Diiimck ; 5, Silas, d. unm.; 6, 
 
 •Other Stari-atts, of Scotch-Irish extraction, early settled in Maine and N(?\x' 
 Hampshire, and it is possible that Joseph may have been of aiiotlier family. — [Eu.j 
 
STARRATT — STRONACH. 60!) 
 
 Elizabeth, unni. ; 7, Sarah, m. Ansley Brinton ; 8, Eleanor, d. 
 unm.; 9, Amanda, m. Lewis Smith, 
 ix. Hannah, b. 1795, m. James Lynam, 
 
 X. Samuel, b. 1797, m. Ann Bancroft : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. 1826 ; 2, 
 Alfred, b. and d. 18.'8; 3, Caroline Adelia, b. 1832 ; 4, Alfred, b. 
 1834. 
 xi. James,* b. 1799, ni. Eleanor Morse, of Paradise, removed to Bridge- 
 water, 
 xii. Henry Alline, b. 1802, m. Amelia Dudgeon, had probably ch. 
 xiii. Eleanor, b. 1785, ni. Henry Parker. 
 
 3. George Starhatt, Ixjrn, it is said, 1747, but perhaps later, married, 
 1785, Sarah Balcoin, and had children : 
 
 i. Mary, d. unm. 
 
 ii. Elizabeth, m. Robert Charlton. 
 
 iii. Simon, b. 1790, d. 1871, m. (Ist) 1824, Abigail Bent, (2nd) 1831, 
 Mary Corbitt : Ch.: 1, Amanda, m. Edmund Bent ; 2, George, b. 
 1825, d. 1829; 3, Euphemia, b. 1827, d. 183H ; (by 2nd w.): 4, 
 William E., b. 1832, m. Susan Freeman ; 5, Alvan, b. 1834, m. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. 1793, m. (Ist) 1826, Rebecca Bent, (2nd) Susan Mar- 
 shall : Ch.: 1, Benjamin, b. 1827, m. — Fowler; 2, George, b. 
 1829, m Emily Bentley, ne'e Dugwell; 3, Abigail, b. 1832, d. unm.; 
 4, David Bent, b. 1836, m. ; 5, Stephen, b. 1838 ; 6, Ferguson. 
 V. Benjamin, b. 1793, m. Christina Rowland : Ch. : 1, Sarah Elizabeth, 
 m. William Stanley Bent : 2, Mary Olivia ; 3, Robert Charlton, 
 m. Patience Chesley ; 4, Zenas Edwin, d. unm. ; 5, Annie Bent, 
 m. George Lavers. 
 
 vi. Ann, b, 1796, m. Rufus Bent. 
 
 4. William Starratt, born, it is said, 1749, married a Miss Webber, 
 and had children : 
 
 i. James, m. Ann Troop : Ch. : 1, Jacob, m. Susan Hardwick ; 2, 
 Joseph, m. Mary Ann Davis ; 3, Abner, d. unm. ; 4, James, d. 
 unm. ; 5, Charles, m. Ellen Riley ; 6, William, d. unm. ; 7, Mary, 
 d. num.; 8, Anne, m. Antonio Gavaza ; 9. Catharine, m. James 
 Hardwick ; 10, Henrietta, m. Josiah Hardwick ; 11, Eliza, m. 
 John Vroom. 
 ii. Joseph, m. and lived in Cornwallis. 
 And probably others. 
 
 Stronach. The founder of this Annapolis County family, George 
 Stronach, was born in or near Glasgow, and was a son of a merchant of 
 that city. He lost his mother at the age of fifteen or sixteen, after which 
 he was sent to a High School to prepare for a university course, but owing 
 to disagreements with his step-mother, or dislike of the school, or both, it 
 is said he left the coach which was to have conveyed him to the school, 
 after a visit home on a vacation, and took ship for America — then 
 about eighteen years old He met General Ruggles in Halifax, and came 
 with him to the County of Annapolis. He and Benjamin Fales, already 
 
 * See DesBrisay's " History of Lunenburg," p. 211, from which it would appear 
 that John also was born in Ireland, and therefore not a son of a wife married in 
 Maine. 
 
610 STRONACH — THORNE. 
 
 noted, obtained for their three years' services to the General a deed of a 
 thousand acres of land (five hundred to each), on and jiear that portion of 
 the North Mountain which now bears his name — the Stronach Mountain. 
 The tract of land was divided from north to south, the east side going to 
 -Stronach, the west to Fales ; and the Stronach road was afterward 
 •constructed on the line between them. They built houses (juite near each 
 •other, and he married Fales' sister, Mary, and after her death, Elizabeth 
 O'Connor, nee Merritt. He was clever and witty, with a little eccentric- 
 ity, while his superior education mode him conspicuous among his fellow- 
 settlers. Children : 
 
 i. Rev. Ebenezer, m. Amy RandivU : Ch. : 1, Major, m. (Ist) — 
 Smith, (2nd) Margaret Croploy, nee Cook ; 2, Mary Amy, d. 
 unm. ; 3, George James, m. Maria Nichols; 4, Rachel, d. unm. ; 
 5, Emily, unm. ; (i, Ebenezer, m. Helen Gates ; 7, William, unm. 
 
 ii. William, m. Hepzibah Gates: Ch.: 1 (only), Asaph, m. (Ist) 
 
 Lorinda Milbury, (2nd) Mary Reagh. 
 iii. Nelson, ni. Margaret Fales : Ch. : 1, William Elder, in British 
 Columbia ; 2, Mary, m. Horatio N. Bent ; 3, Abraham B., M.D., 
 m. Jessie Gates; 4, Alfred, m. (in B.C.); 5, Jane, m. John 
 Dunn ; 6, Spurgeon ; 7, Jacob Ruis, m. Alice Baker ; 8, Enoch J. 
 
 iv. Reis, m. Mary Reagh ; Ch. : 1, Sarah, m. William McNeill ; 2, 
 W. Pryor, m. Jessie Ray ; 3, Naomi, m. Johnston McNeill ; 
 4, George, m. Susan Margeson ; 5, Samuel, d. unm. ; 6 and 7, died 
 young ; 8, Julia, m. Isaac Fales. 
 
 v. Rev. Abraham, m. (Ist) Susan Reagh, (2nd) Betsey Marchant : Ch. : 
 1, Mary, m. (1st) Henry McMahon, (2nd) Ezra Reid ; 2, Edmund 
 Reis, m. Jane Robinson ; 3, Sarah, d. unm. ; 4, Lucy, m. Henry L. 
 Baker ; 5, Rebecca, m. Edward Eaton ; G. Rachel, m. David 
 Kinsman; 7, Rebecca Nelson, d. unm.; 8, lubia, m. (Ist) Pont 
 Stronach, (2nd) Amos Hums ; 9, Amelia, m. Charles Baker ; 
 10, George, m. Mary Martin ; 11, Maggie, m. James E. Newjomb ; 
 12, Eliza, m. James Francis. 
 
 vi. Sarah, m. William Downey, 
 vii. Elizabeth, m. Luther Baker, 
 viii. Margaret, m. William Cochran. 
 
 ix. Rachel, m. Oldham Gates. 
 
 By second wife : 
 X. George, m. Susan Bent: Ch.: 1, William, unm.; 2, Armanilla, d. 
 unm. ; 3, Inglis Charles ; 4, Susie. 
 
 Thorne. William Thorne, the common immigrant, ancestor, came 
 over to America as early as 1637 or 1638, and is said to have finally 
 settled near New York. Stephbn, b. 1720, a great-grandson of William, 
 through his son Joseph, and grandson Joseph, came to Nova Scotia with 
 the Loyalists of 1783, bringing his wife and family with him; his 
 youngest son being thirteen, and his eldest (by his first wife) being forty 
 years old. He m. (1st), in 1742, Sybil Sands, (2nd) Jane Rapalje, nee 
 Lefferts. Children : 
 
 1. Stephen, b. 1743, d. in New York. 
 (2) ii. Philip, b. 1745. 
 <3) iii. Edward, b. 1747. 
 
THORNK 611 
 
 iv. Richard, b. 1749, m. a dau. of Ctd. Frederic Williiims, Dighy, and 
 had one son, Frkdebic Williams, who ni. Sarah Tucker. He 
 lived at the head of St. Mary's Bay, aoine distance south of Digby 
 Neck road, and left two sons and two daughters : Rkhard W., ni. 
 Philenda Farnhain, still living in Digby, and Frederic H'., m. 
 Mary Josephine VVooster, in Lower Granville ; Mary Eliza, m. 
 Captain John Bennet, of Digby ; Eugenia, m. Thomas Boyne, of 
 St. John, his 2nd wife. 
 
 By second wife : 
 (4) V. James, b. 17G7, m. 1792. 
 vi. Sybil, b. 1770, d. unm. 
 
 2. Philip Thorne was born 1745, and m. 178i, Hannah, dau. of 
 Jonathan Woodbury, MD. Children: 
 
 i. Joseph, b. 178(5, ni. 1808, Grace Dunn, 
 ii. Hannah, b. 1788, d. 1788. 
 iii. Jonathan Woodbury (M.D.), b. 1790, m. dau. of Snow Parker (no 
 
 issue), 
 iv. Stephen, b. 1792, m. and lived in N.B. 
 V. Bertha, b. 1794, m. William Armstrong, 
 vi. Sybil, b. 179G, m. .fames McGill. 
 vii. Richard, b. 1799, d. unm. 
 viii. Lydia Jane, b. 1801, m. Blackburn, 
 ix. Lorena, b. 1803, in. Charles White. 
 
 X. Edward Foster, b. 1804, m. Henrietta Clark : Ch. : 1, William 
 Henry, m. Mary Ann Andrews ; 2, Edward R., ni. Jane Cameron ; 
 3, Sarah, m. John Lemuel Brown ; 4, Mary Matilda, m. Henry 
 Andrews ; 5, John ; 6, Alma Hall, 
 xi. Woodbury (M.D.), b. 1808, m. 1835, Maria Sabine, dau. of John 
 King, R.N. ; Ch. : 1, John Crickmore, b. 1838, m. Clarinda 
 Clarke ; 2, Sarah, m. William Anglin ; 3, Maria, m. George 
 McArthur ; 4, Joseph E., m. Ann Knapp. 
 
 3. Edward Thorne, who was born in 1747, m. in 1774, Jane, dau. 
 of Jeronimus Rapalye. Children : 
 
 i. Edward, b. 1781, m. 1808, Catharine Bogart : Ch. : 1, Stephen 
 Rapalye, b. 1810, m. 1832, Maria Sands, and had only dau., 
 Elizabeth Sands, b. 1833, m. G. Sydney Smith, Esq. ; 2, Abraham 
 Bogart, b. 1812, m. (Ist) 1836, Elizabeth Dickson, nee Sands, 
 (2nd) Elizabeth Kennedy, 
 ii. Jane, b. 1777, m. Timothy Ruggles, jun., M.P.P. 
 
 4. James Thorne, was born 1767, and married, 1792, Anna Sneden, 
 and had children : 
 
 i. Margaret Anna, b. 1793, m. John McCoU. 
 ii. Sti-phen Sneden (M.P.P.), l>. 1795, m. 1818, Mehitable Patten 
 
 Hall : Ch. : 1, James Hall, b. 1819, m. Mary Robinson, ne'e Piper; 
 
 2, Stephen, b. 1821, m. Lydia Lockhart ; 3, Havilah, b. 1823, 
 
 m. Timothy Dwight Ruggles. M.P.P., etc.; 4, Anna, b. 1826, m. 
 
 Lewis Johnston, M.D. ; another dau. m. James Alexaider James, 
 
 of New Brunswick, barrister, 
 lii. Jane, b. 1797, m. James Hall, 
 iv. James, b. 1799, d. unm. 
 
612 THORNE — TKOOP. 
 
 V. MHry, b. 1801, m. Joseph Shaw 
 
 vi. Syliil, b. 1804, m. (Ist) Moses Hall, (2nd) Edward T. Knowles. 
 
 vii. Edward Lefl'erts, b. Sopt. 9, 1807, m, July 5, 1835, Susan Scovil, 
 St. John, N.B., and d. Feb. 23, 1882: Ch. : 1, Mary Lucretia, 
 b. April 20, 183(i ; 2, William Henry, b. Sept. 12, 1844 ; 3, Daniel 
 Scovil, b. Feb. 2G, 1848 ; 4, Susan Louisa, b. March 15, 1854, 
 m. Sept. 8, 1875, Legh Richmond HarriHon ; 6, Arthur Townshend, 
 b. April 19, 1859. 
 viii. Ricliard Ward, b. Feb. 10, 1812, m. May 4, 1842, Catherine Alder, 
 dau. <i Henry Hennigar, Ordnance Department: Ch. : 1, Richard 
 Ward, b. July 6, 1843, m. Sept. 14, 1881, Mary Ada Chapman ; 
 2, Stephen Sneden, b. May 11, 184H, m. Sept. 4, 1883, Alice 
 Bertha Lowerison ; 3, James Lefterts, b. Dec. 5, 1847, m. June 17, 
 1878, Amelia F. Capen ; 4. Kate Ellon, b. May 29, 1849, m. Sept. 
 17, 1876, Wni. H. Fleming ; 5, Anna Sybil, b. Dec. 11, 1851, 
 m. May 24, 1874, Robt. Chestnut, son of Henry Thome ; 0. Mary 
 Hennigar, b. Sept. 30, 1853, m. July 3, 1888, Edward T. C. 
 Knowles ; 7, Ada Louisa Sancton, b. Aug 31, 1859, m. June 7, 
 1881, Peter Wellington Snider ; 8, Harriet Pritchard, b. Feb. 17, 
 1801. 
 
 ix. Sarah Hester, b. 1810, m. Shadrach Ricketson. 
 
 X. James Townshend, b. 1815 ; m. Eliza Robblee : Ch. : 1, James H., 
 m. Lydia Jane, dau. of John Wooster ; 2, Mary Emily ; 3, Anna 
 Sneden, m. Benj. F. Ctmgdon ; 4, Joseph Reed, m. Blanche 
 Pickup ; 5, Frederic Williams, m. Emma Croscup ; G, Edward 
 Lefferts, m. Martha Thome ; 7, Sybil, d. unm. ; 8, Stephen 
 Ernest. 
 
 Troop. 1. V/lentine Troop, the founder of this family, must have 
 been born in Germany,* for tradition affirms that the German language 
 was spoken in the family after his arrival here. He had been married 
 four years when he arrived here, and died sixteen years later. His 
 descendants have been not only numerous, but many of them prominent 
 and influential in Church and State in this and other provinces of the 
 Dominion. He married, 1756, Catherine Church, in Massachusetts, and 
 died at Granville, August 16, 1776. Children : 
 
 John, b. July, 1757. 
 
 Jacob, b. 1758. 
 
 Jennie, b. Sept., 1760. 
 
 George, b. 1762. 
 
 Elizabeth, b. 1765, m. Silvanus Wade. 
 
 Henry, b. Feb. 14, 1768. 
 
 Joseph, b. Oct. 1, 1770. m. (1st) Sarah Rice, (2nd) Frances Manning, 
 
 n^e Farnsworth : Ch. : 1, Sophia ; 2, Caroline, m. Wm. H. Morse ; 
 
 3, Elizabeth, m. Wm. H. Chipman ; 4, Tamar, m. Richard Starr; 
 
 6, Jane, ni. Winckworth Chipman ; 6, Maria ; 7, Mehitable, 
 
 m. C. C. Hamilton, M.D. ; 8, Sarah, ni. James Lockwood ; 9, a 
 
 son or dau., d. unm. 
 viii. Catharine, b. Sept. 30, 1772, m. Joseph Fellows, 
 ix. Jane, m. Spencer Barnes. 
 
 • Tradition in such matters cannot always be relied on. There was a Troop in 
 Barnstable, Mass., as early as 1666 ; and Valentine married in that colony, and was 
 not unlikely a New Englander. — [Ed.] 
 
 (2) 
 
 i. 
 
 (3) 
 
 u. 
 
 
 111. 
 
 (4) 
 
 IV. 
 
 
 v. 
 
 (5) 
 
 VI. 
 
 
 vn. 
 
TROOP. 618 
 
 2. JouN Troop, b. 1757, m. 1780, Eunice Fellows (dau. of Israel). 
 Children : 
 
 i. Susanna, b. 1780, ni. Ezra F. Foster. 
 
 ii. John, b. 1782, in. 180C, Hannah Gesner : Ch. : 1, John, b. 1807, 
 d. 1823, unni ; 2, Eliza, b. 1809, m. 1829, John Wade ; 3, Fainitcha,* 
 b. 1812, m. 1834, Calvin Young ; 4. Sumner, b. 1816, m. Lydia 
 C. Kinney ; n, Maria, b. 1814, in. 1837, Edwin Morse ; 6, Joseph 
 Henry, b. 1819, in. Hannah Bent ; 7, Eunice Ann, b. 1822, 
 d. unni. 
 
 iii. Polly, b. 1784, m. Thomas Chute. 
 
 iv. Israel, b. 1786, m. Ann Millidge : Ch. : 1, Sarah Caroline, b. 1815, 
 m. Lawrence VVillett ; 2, Kmily, h. 1818, m. William Mills ; 
 
 3, Stephen Millidge, b. 1821, m. Sarah McCormick ; 4, Hon. 
 William liotsford, b. 1824, m. (1st) Susan Morehouse, me 
 Messenger, {'2nd) Adolia Brown, (3rd) Elizabeth Magee. 
 
 V. Jiseph, b. 1789, d. unm. 
 
 vi. Jacob, b. 1791, m. Ann Miller : Ch. : 1, Angelina, b. 1826, m. David 
 Harris ; 2, Thomas Williams, b. 1828, in. Catharine Troop, ne'e 
 Oliver ; 3, Gilbert Fowler, b. 1830, m. Annie M. Smith ; 
 
 4, Leimard, b. 1832, m. Catherine Oliver ; 5, Georgina, b. 1835, 
 m. Nathan Chute. 
 
 vii. Cynthia, b. 1795, m. (1st) Simcoe Willett, (2nd) Isaac Phinney. 
 viii. George, b. 1798, m. 1825, Susan Parker: Ch. : 1, John, b. 1826, m. 
 Hannah Harris ; 2, Keziah, b. 1828, m. Thomas Harris ; 3, Alfred, 
 b. 1831, d. unm. ; 4, Cynthia, b. 1833, in. Seth Wade ; 5, Emily, 
 b. 1837, m. Francis Christopher ; 6, Anna, b. 1839, m. William 
 Milbury ; 7, Jo.seph Edward, b. 1841, ni. Martha Bent, 
 ix. Eliza, b. 1802, in. (Ist) Samuel Wade, (2nd) William Young. 
 X. Leonard, b. 1804, d. unm. 
 xi. Sarah Ann, b. 1806, m. Michael Harris. 
 
 3. Jacob Troop, b. 1759, m. 1774, Anna Morse (dau. of Abner). 
 Children : 
 
 i. Jacob, b. 1775, d. 1803, unm. 
 
 ii. Anna, b. 1777, ni. Henry Balcom. 
 
 iii. Valentine, b. 1779, m. 1806, Tamar Bath, d. 1861 : Ch. : 1, Ann 
 Maria, b. 1807, m. William Bent ; 2, Jacob Valentine (M.P.P., 
 New Brunswick), b. 1809, m. Catherine Fellows ; 3, Harriet, b. 
 1811, m. Alexander Hardwick ; 4, Silas M., b. 1814, m. Ann 
 Witherspoon ; 5, Alfred, b. 1816, m. (1st) Sarah Ann Mills, (2nd) 
 Lovicia Irvine, ne'e Marshall; 6, Israel, b. 1819, in. Adelia 
 Welsh; 7, Keziah B., b. 1821, unm.; 8, Stephen Bamford, b. 
 1824, m. Sarah Robblee. 
 
 iv. Polly, b. 1781. 
 V. Elizabeth, b. 1784, m. 1803, John Bath, jun. 
 
 vi. Abner, b. 1786, m. 1812, Henrietta Cooper Bath : Ch. : 1, Keziah, b. 
 1813 ; 2, Margaret, b. 1815, m. Charles Parker ; 3, John Bath, b. 
 1817, m. Susan Amelia Bent ; 4, Elizabeth, h. 1819, m. William 
 Witherspoon ; 5, Robert Hill, b. 1820, m. Priscilla Fowler ; 
 6, Valentine, b. 1822, m. Lavinia Dodge ; 7, Abner, m. Rachel 
 Clark ; 8, Obadiah Botsford, m. Tallias Stirck ; 9, Charles Edward, 
 m. Jane Willett ; 10, Eus^er^e P., m. Lydia Bent ; 11, Henrietta 
 Cooper, m. Lawrence Willett. 
 
 vii. Catharine, b. 1788, d. 1803. 
 viii. Maria, b. 1792. 
 
 ix. Phebe, b. 1798, m. 1820, John Bath, jun. 
 
 * This lady may have spoken in German to her family. — [Ed.] 
 
614 TROOP — TUFFTS. 
 
 4. Georqk Troop, b. 1762, m. (Ist) 1787, Mercy Morse, (2nd) Margaret 
 Chipman. Children : 
 
 i. Valentine C, bpd. Aug. 30, 1785>, ni. 1H19, Rebecca Ansley : Ch. : 
 1, Rebecca, b. 1820, ni. Robert Hunter ; 2, Ozias, b. 1823, m. ; 
 3, Lucri'tia, b. 1825, m. George N. Rouse ; 4, Alphonso, 1). 1826. 
 ii. David, b. 1730, d. unm. « 
 
 iii. Abigail, b. 17i>2, d. unm. 
 iv. Nancy, b. 1704, m. William Elderkin. 
 V. Catharine, b. 1797, m. William Elderkin. 
 vi. Mary, b. 1800, d. 1824, unm. 
 vii. Abigail, b. 1799, m. — Bailey, 
 viii. Thomas Handley, b. 1802, d. 1832, unm. 
 ix. George Whitetield, b. 1804, m, Charlotte Robinson : Ch. ; 1, Emma 
 Charlotte, unm. ; 2, Thomas Handley, m. Anna Hamilton ; 3, Mary 
 Eliza, d. unm. ; 4, William Robinson, m. Alice Lockett ; 
 5, Augusta, m. Russell Cropley ; 0, Susan, d. unm. 
 
 X. Jacob, b. 1806, m. Mary : Ch. : 1, Alice, d. unm. ; 2, Susan, 
 
 d. unm. 
 xi. Charles J., b. 1809, m. Sophia Pentz : Ch. : 1, George, d. unm. ; 2, 
 
 Jacob H. ; 3, Catharine ; 4, Julia ; 5, Charles, 
 xii. Maria, b. 1811, m. George Oxley. 
 xiii. Arthur Wellington, b. 1813. 
 
 5. Henry Troop, b. 1768, ni. Mary Randall. Children : 
 
 i. Alexander Howe, m. 1817, Eunice Chipman : Ch. : 1, William 
 Henry (barrister), b. 1819, m. dau. of Venerable Archdeacon 
 Coster, Fredericton N.B. ; 2, Alexander, b. 1822, d. unm.; 
 3, Harriet Elizabeth, b. 1824, unm. ; 4, John George, b. 1826, 
 m. Miss Morrow (a leading Halifax merchnnt) ; 5, Robert Grant, 
 b. 1828, d. unm. ; 6, Joseph Osborne, b. 1830, d. unm. ; 7, Jared 
 Ingersol Chipman (barrister, M.P.P., and Speaker), b. 1834, 
 m. Isabel Grassie. 
 
 ii. A son or dau., d. unm. 
 
 iii. William Henry, J.P. ,m. Lucy Ann Manning : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann, 
 b. 1826 ; 2, Charlotte Augusta, b. 1830, m. Hon. Avard 
 Longley, M.P.P., M.P. 
 
 TuFPTS. The Tuffts of this and Halifax counties are descended from 
 Captain Peter Tuffts who came from England in 1638 to Maiden, Mass., 
 through Peter,^ m. (1st) Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Layside, (2nd) Mary, 
 dau. of Seaborn Cotton ; Rev. John,'' of Newbury, m. (1st) Sarah, dau. 
 of John Bradstreet, (2nd) Elizabeth Sargent ; Rev. Joshua,^ m. Abigail, 
 dau. of William Ellery, and came to Cumberland, N.S., in 1762. 
 
 William Ellery Tuffts (son of Rev. Joshua), b. 1747, m. 1772, 
 Hannah Whitman, b. 1751. Children : 
 
 i. John Whitman, b. 1774, m. Phebe, dau. of Arthur Schofield, who 
 d. 1819, aged 106 : Ch. : 1, Freeman, b. 1803, d. 1841, m. Lucy 
 Thorpe ; 2, Mary, b. 1805, d. 1859, unm. ; 3, Orinda, b. 1806, d. 
 1884, unm. ; 4, Jemima, b. 1808, m. William Frye ; 5, Samuel, b. 
 1810, m. Louisa, dau. of Andrew Kniffen, and was the father of 
 Professor John Freeman Tufts, of Acadia College ; 6, Gardner, 
 b. 1812, m. Nancy, dau. of Alex. Wilson. John W. and his wife 
 both d. 1896, she aged 79, he 84. 
 
TUFFTH — TL'I'PEK. 616 
 
 ii. Dorcas, b. 177(i, d. aged, unin. 
 
 iii. Sarah, b. 1778, in. — Beaton (achool- teacher). 
 
 iv. Suinuol, b. 17H1, d. 1808, uiiiii. 
 
 V. Phebe, b. 178.'{, lu. .Joseph Hrii^ham Balcom. 
 
 vi. Mercy, b. 1780, ni. .Foseph DaniflH, jun. 
 
 vii. Hannah, b. 1788, ni. Samuel L/uiKley. 
 
 viii. Ann, b. 1701, ni. Samuel Marshall. 
 
 ix. Jacob, b. 17!I4, d. a^ed. 
 
 TuppKR. The Tappers of Annapolis County are a branch of the 
 Kings County family from whom Sir Charles Tupper ia descended. 
 They are of English origin, but an idea prevails among some of the 
 family anti(iuurians that they came from Hesse Cassel to England to 
 escape persecution on account of their religion in 1520 or 1522, whioti 
 of course cannot be verified, and is probably fabulous. The Diet of 
 Worms met in 1521, and condemned Luther's works, but no general 
 persecution was instituted against those who then believed in them. The 
 name may be Anglo-Saxon from Topfar, or Toppher, as contrasted with 
 Norman English, and has probably existed in England from a very 
 remote era ; in some cases it may be from a Norman name Toutpert, to 
 which I would venture to assign the Guernsey family, which produced 
 Martin F. Tupper, the poet ; while Topper, in " Burke's Armory," I 
 should consider another form of the Saxon name. This eliminates any 
 idea ' «f a connection between the old Guernsey family and the English 
 stock which sent out this branch to America. The immigrant ancestor 
 came from Sandwich, in Kent, to New England, in 1635, and was one of 
 the founders of Sandwich, in Plymouth Colony, Mass, where he and 
 several of his early descendants held important offices and exercised a 
 great and beneficial influence in civil and religious affairs ; one or two 
 actively engaged in the work of evangelizing the Indians. The line 
 of descent was through Thomas,' Thomas,'- Eliakim,'' Emakim,* who, born 
 in 1711, married in 1734, removed from Lebanon, Conn, (where he had 
 been a representative, and had the ' titles of Captain and Deacon), to 
 Cornwallis, N.S., about 1760. His wife was Mary, daughter of William 
 Bassett, of Sandwich. He had a son Charles, who was the father of 
 Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D., and through him grandfather of Sir Charles 
 Tupper, Bart. Elisha, Miner and Asa settled at Clark's Ferry (now called 
 Tupperville), a mile or two eastward of Round Hill. They were sons 
 of Elias, a brother of Captain Eliakim, born probably 1717 (died at 
 Tupperville, May 14, 1800, aged 83), who married September 4th, 1740, 
 Jerusha Sprague, who was born 1723, and died 1795, aged 72, and had 
 children, besides others who probably remained in Connecticut ; 
 
 i. Elisha, b. 1763, d. 1811, m. 1792, Elizabeth Sprague : Ch. : 
 1, Lucy, b. 1793, m. James Carty ; 2, Ann, b. 1795, m. Stephen 
 Chipnian ; 3, Amy, b. 1797, m. Stephen Bent ; 4, William, b. 
 
616 TL'PI'EK — VANBLARCOM. 
 
 17!M), III. July 10, 182:<, Elizabeth Tapper (iliiu. of Eliakini, of 
 Stewiiicko), ami tl May 8, 1H27, luaviniyt only ch. : Maria, h. Due. 
 8, 1825, III. BarKillai ForRyth ; 5, Eli/^beth. 
 ii. EliaH, h. 1755, d. 178«. 
 (2) iii. Miner, b. 1757. 
 
 iv. Asa, b. 1761», d. 1810, m. Margaret. Agar, ni'f VanHorne (b. 17ti7, <l. 
 1827) : Ch.: 1, Lawrence VanHorne, b. 17)W, in. 1HU>, Lucy Hent ; 
 
 2, •lerusha, b. 175'5, in. Handley Chipiiiiin Mor.ie ; '.^, Phebo, b. 
 17!M}, III. (l8t) Robert Fitzrandolph. (2nd) Joliii Quirk ; 4, Eliiw, 
 b. 17(H), in, Elizabeth Tapper (widow of his cousin Williuin), aii(l 
 hiidch.: 1, William, b. .Ian. 17, 1830; 2, Murqavvi, b. Fob. 11, 
 18:J2 ; :}, Liidiii, b. Doc. 10, ISIW ; 4, Mnnj Eliuthdh, b. Nov. 27, 
 18.'{t( ; 5, aUim Hennitjiir, b. June 20. 1841 ; and perhapH others. 
 
 V. Eliakini, b. 1701, in. Eii/Jibuth Nowcouib, and settled in Stewiacko. 
 
 2. MiNEK Topper was born in 1757 and died in 1805. He nmiricd 
 Margaret VanHorne, and liad cliildren : 
 
 i. John, b. 1791, in. April 30, 1812, Elizabeth Longley, and d. July 
 30, 1840: Ch.: 1, Susan Ann, b. Feb. Hi, 1813, ni. Henry 
 Randall ; 2, Israel, b, 1816, d. unm. ; 3, Miner, b. J.in. .'JO, 1817, 
 m. Feb. 1, 1842, Eliaibeth Ann Winchester ; 4, Mary Eliza, b. 
 Sept. 10, 1821, m. Peter McKay : 6, Mayhew, b. Aj)iil 1, 1824, 
 d. 1827 ; (■>, Harriet Lovicia, b. March 8, 1826, in. Edward C, 
 Hon of Benjamin Foster ; 7, Elviiia, b. March 11, 1830. 
 
 ii. Mary, ni. Henry Gates, M.P.P. (his Ist wife). 
 
 iii. Dorothy, in. Feb. 11, 1813, James Rice. 
 
 iv. Jerusha, ni. Hira Tapper. 
 
 Eliakim Tapper, late M.P.P. for Digby, was son of David and grand- 
 son of Eliakim, who, the deceased gentleman always claimed, was a 
 brother of the grandfather of Sir Charles Tapper, and therefore son of 
 Capt. Eliakim. 
 
 VanBlarcom. The VanBlarcoras of thi.s county are no doubt 
 descended from Johannes VanBlarcom, wIjo emigrated from Holland, 
 and settled at Hoboken, New Jersey, about 1623. Blarcora is the 
 name of a community settled near Rotterdam, Holland. Peter Van- 
 Blarcom came to Shelburne, N.S., among the Loyalists of 1783. I 
 cannot trace the Alfred who is mentioned in the capitation tax list of 
 1792, but the author gives us an Anthony VanBlarcom, who married 
 Rosanna Wade, and had children : 
 
 i. John, m. .Tane Eagleson (no issue), 
 ii. Joseph, d. unm. 
 iii. Elizabeth, m. James Webber. 
 
 iv. Martin, m. Sarah Leonard, and had ch.: 1, James, m. (1st) Eunice 
 Jones, (2nd) Lydia (no issue) ; 2, Eliza, m. Ritson Longmire ; 
 
 3, Seth, m. Mary Jane Powell ; 4, Benjamin, m. Catharine 
 Nickerson, formerly M.P.P. and Sheriff of Digby ; 5, Mary Ann, 
 m. Hiram Young ; 6, Harriet, m. Thomas Baxter ; 7, Phebe, m. 
 Isaac Young; 8, John, in U.S.A.; 9, Joseph, m. Henrietta 
 Young ; 10, Zebediah, m. Eliza Eagleson ; 11, Hiram, unm. 
 
VANHUSKIRK. 617 
 
 VanBuhkiiik. Tli« iiniui>{raiit uncpstor of tho VanfJuskirks came to 
 New Amsterdam, now New York, amoii},' the early .st^ttlers from Holland, 
 but accordinji! to the "Chute (ienealogies," was a native of Denmark, \>y 
 name Lawrence Andersen, to which Vanlloskirck was added hy way of 
 some distinction, "Van" being the Dutch e(|uivalent for tho French ife, 
 "of"; as, Lawrence Anderson, "of Boskirck. " About 1660 ho settled 
 at Bergen County, New .lersey, was an al>lo man, advocate and judge; he 
 had a son Lawrens, born about 1663, married Hendiicke van der Lindu or 
 Van Derlinde, and was a member of the Assembly. He had in turn a 
 son Lawrens, who died 1774. By his wife Eva the last named had two 
 sons, John and Akhaiiam ; John had a son LAWKKNCt: and a son 
 AiiRAiiAM. Tho latter, born about 1740, was Colonel of the 4tli battalion 
 N. J. Ix)yal Volunteers, and settled at Shelburne, N.S., and his son Jacob 
 had a daughter Sarah, who was the mother of the late Thomas V^an Bus- 
 kirk Bingay, of Yarmouth, barrister. Lawrence, born 1729, in Hacken- 
 sack, Bergen County, N.J., was a captain in the King's Orange Rangers; 
 came to St. John in 1783, and lived afterwards in Kentville and Ayles- 
 ford, dying at the latter place in 1803. He married Jannetje 
 VanBuskirk, a cousin, daughter of Abraham, his father's brother. His 
 sons John, Gaurktt, and Hknky were grantees in Aylesford and Wilmot, 
 and the sons of John remained in this county. Children : 
 
 i. A])rHhiini, b. about 1750, was of the King's Orange Rangers in 
 17H2, Ml. Ann Corson, came to Nova Scotia, but later returned 
 and lived at Athens on the Hudson, and .d. at New York about 
 1^20, leaving sons and daughters. 
 
 ii. Thomas, 1). 1752, also a Loyalist otticor, came to Nova Scotia, but 
 leturned to the I'nited States. 
 
 iii. John, b. 1764, m. Catharine : Ch. : 1, Charles, m. Oarritie 
 
 Vrooni ; 2, Lawrence, in. Mary Bryiiier ; 3, Jeremiah, m. 
 Mehitable Welton ; 4, Mary, m. Francis Smith ; 5, lOllen, in. 
 Nathaniel Morgan ; 6, Dorothea, m. (•st) Martin Ryerson, (2iid) 
 Thomas Welton. 
 
 iv. Garrett, h. 1750, in. Elizabeth Potts, step-dnu. of Capt. Oldham 
 Gates : Ch. : 1, Lawrence, b. 1780, m. (Ist) VanHorne, (2nd) 
 VanBuskirk ; 2, John Oldnock, b. 1782, m. Elizabeth West ; 3, 
 Dorothy, b. 1784, m. Ezekiel Brown ; 4, Ann, b. 1786. m. 
 Thomas Gates ; 5, Samuel, b. 1788, m. Alary, dau. of Paul 
 Crocker ; 6, Catharine, h. 1790, m. Edwin, son of John Morgan ; 
 7, Jemima, b. 17^2, m. Martin Ryerson ; 8, Abram, b. Sept. 5, 
 1794, d. young ; 9, Henry, b. June 13, 1797, m. Ruth, dau. of 
 John Morgan; 10, Nelson, b. June 13, 1799, m. Betsey Chute ; 
 11, Charles, b. April 2, 1804, m. Rebecca, dau. of Wells and 
 Abba Congdon. 
 V. Jemima, b. 17C1, m. Simeon Ryerson. 
 
 vi. Theodosia, m. James Harris. 
 
 vii. Henry, b. 1767, m. (Ist) Isabella Donkin, (2nd) Nancy Potter : Ch.: 
 1, William Henry, b. May 1, 1798, m. Elizabeth Watson ; 2, Dr. 
 Lawrence E., b. Nov. 6, 1799, m. Mary E. Hanley, d. 1867 at 
 Halifax ; 3, Elizabeth, b. Jan. 14, 1802 ; 4, Dr. Robert, b. March 
 13, 1804, 111. .\nn, dau. of James R. De Wolfe ; he died soon, and 
 she married ReV. W. H. Snyder ; 5, Dr. George Pitt, b. April 16, 
 
()18 VAXhtsKlllK— Vimro — V»(H»M. 
 
 imi 111. Margurut Koid ; •;, Clmrl..(tu, l> Juno U, IH08, ni. 
 TlioiimH Sj)iiir, liridgutnwii, <1. 1857 ; 7, Aliniliiiiii. Ii, •Ihii. 4, 
 IKll, III. Klixa ilatrU, d. lH((r> ; K, Dr. IiikHh, I>. .Viiril 0, IHl.'i. 
 III. Eliza, dau. of .laiiiei HarsB ; )>, JamuH Uoiikin, b. May 4, IHKi, 
 III. Catharinu, siiittir of Kuv. H. L. Owen. 
 
 ViDlTo. This family is probably of ffuguvnot origin, but whence 
 they caino directly to tluH province I (iiid no record. John Vidito, 
 residing at Annapolis, died December, 18'J0, aged 9.'1, and therefore was 
 born in 1727. He may have been father of JrsTUs, who had children : 
 
 i. JosHo, III. Isabel Fisher: Ch. : 1, John, in. .\iin Daley ; 2, William. 
 
 III. Mary Mai'Hliall ; M. Ruv. Natiiuiiiel, iii. Caroline Miinroe ; 4, 
 
 Parker, ni. Mary H. Dunn ; 5, Rev. Silas, iii. EU'anor MclJregor ; 
 
 (i, James, in. Hannah ISaunders ; 7. Uubeuca, in. Gideon Clark ; 
 
 8, Husaii, m. David Ward ; 0, Caroline, in. (ieorgu Marshall ; 10, 
 
 Mary, ni. Oliver Marshall. * 
 ii. .Tacob, m. Elixa Feoplea. 
 iii. Pliebe, in. Thomas Stacey. 
 iv. Charlotte, in. Stephen Jett'erson. 
 And probably others. 
 
 Vroom. Counkms' Piktkrsk Vroom settled in New Amsterdam, now 
 New York, some time previous to 1645. He had three sons — 1, Cornelius 
 Corsaen Vroom ; 2, Peter Corssen Vroom ; .'$, Hendrick'-' Corssen Vroom, 
 born 1653. The latter had six children — Cornelius, Judith, Kacliel, 
 Hendrick,' Alfred, and Katryna. The sen Hendrick' was born in 1683, 
 and had sons Hendrick,* (jieorge, Jolin and Peter. The eldest son Hen- 
 drick* had children — Peter,'' John,'^ Ueorge, Hendrick, Janitie, Sintie, 
 Catherine and Lemmettie. The two eldest sons Peter^' and John* were 
 the Loyalists who came to Nova Scotia. Their brothers (Jeorge and 
 Hendrick were among the New Jersey men in the Revolutionary forces. 
 Peter' D. Vroom was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, being a son 
 of George Vroom, the uncle of the four brothers just mentioned, and 
 therefore first cousin to the I^oyalists, Peter and John. This Col. Peter 
 D. Vroom was the father of the late Hon. Peter" D. Vroom, for some 
 years Governor of New Jersey, and also U. S. Minister to Prussia. The 
 Hon. G. D, W.' Vroom, of Trenton, N.J., and Peter^ D. Vroom, Lieut.- 
 Col. and Inspector-General of the U. S. array, are sons of the late 
 Governor Vroom. 
 
 In 1776 Peter Vroom, evidently the one who subsequently came to 
 Nova Scotia, was arrested and brought before the Hillsborough Commit- 
 tee in New Jersey on a charge of "disloyalty." After being several times 
 before the committee he was committed to gaol. On the 2nd of Febru- 
 ary, 1776, he was taken from Millstone gaol by Capt. Peter D. Vroom, 
 by order of the committee, and brought before the Provincial Congress of 
 New Jersey, at New Brunswick, N.J. The following is from the Minutes 
 of the Congress : 
 
VltooM. (II!) 
 
 " Tlio |iruc(>(!<liiigH of th(^ Coiniiiittou i>t' HilUI>or<)Ugli, in the County ut' 
 Soinei-mft, aj^iiinHt Pi!t«'r Vrooin ut' I'isciitiiway, in th« County of Midtlln- 
 Hex, ))eing transnuttcd to thin CongroHH iind rtiiul, ordered that the cliiirgo 
 agiiiiiHt Hiiid V'rooiu hu now conHJdered. 
 
 " Pi't«'r Vntoni l'»iini{ ordertMl to b« l»rought Wfore thin CungnwH 
 Htt«nded accordingly, and the pruccedingH of the (.'uuunittee of Hilln- 
 burough were reacJ in tin- presence of Haid Vroom, who confeHMed the 
 charge therein exhibited, and having offered matter in mitigation was 
 ordered to withdraw. 
 
 " JiiiMo/veil, — -That the determination of the charge exhibited against 
 Peter Vroom be deterred to some future day in the present session, and 
 that in the meantime he be committed Ut the connnon gaol of the County 
 of HomcMW^t, the keeper of which is hereby required to receive and keep 
 him in close confinement until this Congress take further order therein." 
 
 Further record says: "On application of Peter TenEick, in favour of 
 Peter Vioom, and from the family circumstances of said Vroom, it. is 
 resolved, that the former order of commitment be re8cind<<l, and that the 
 aforesaid Peter V^rooin be committed to the custody of Captain Peter 
 Ten Kick, who has pledged his parole of honour to bring said Vroom before 
 the Congress whenever recpiiied." 
 
 Further, under date March 1, 1776: "The Congress having resumed 
 the consideration of the charges exhibited against Peter Vrwjm, 
 
 Kesol red,— TUiit said Peter V^room pay the costs of the present prose- 
 cution, to be taxed by the Township Committee of Piscataway, and give 
 obligation with surety, i,v» the Chairman of said Committee in the sum of 
 150 ptmnds for his good behaviour in future ; and that he yield up to .said 
 Chairman all his arms and weapons of defence, to remain in custody of 
 said Chairman until the said Committee shall deem it proper to 
 re-fleliver them ; and on non-compliance herewith, that said Vroom be 
 re-committed to the keeper of the common gaol of the County of Middle- 
 sex, V ao is hereby ordered to keep him in close confinement during such 
 non-compl iance. " 
 
 John Vroom married, 1781, Jane Ditmars, and had children : 
 
 i. Henry, b. 1782. ni. 1808, Abigail Ditmars: Ch. : 1, Jane, b. 1809, ni. 
 Calvin VVheelock ; 2, John Ditmars, h. 1811, ni. Catharine Jones ; 
 
 S, Jeremiah, b. 1817, m. ; 4, Harriet, h. 1813, m. Calvin 
 
 Wheelock ; 5, Adolphus Wesley, b. 1815 ; 0, Mary Magdalene, b. 
 1813, 111. Thomas Jones ; 9, 7, Avard, b. 1822, in. Eliza Chesley ; 
 8, George Henry, b. 1824 ; Cornelius Hennigar, b. 1825, m. — 
 Pearce. 
 
 ii. George, b. 1784, in. 1805, Mary Amberman : Ch. : 1, Sarah Ann, b. 
 180t), ni. Samuel Purdy ; 2, Henry Fowler, b. 1807, m. 1829, 
 Elizabeth Purdy ; 3, John, b. 1809 ; 4, George, h. 1811, m. Sarah 
 VanBuskirk ; 5, William, b. 1813, in. Frances Eliza, dau. of Ezra 
 F. Foster, and was father of Rev. Professor Vroom, now of 
 
(i'iO VIlooM— WAI»K. 
 
 Kiiiu'n (*(illu.;«<, WiiiilNdi' ; )), Kiixlxrii- I.. K., Ii. IHl.'t, m. Kiiiiirtt, 
 ilikii. iif K/i'ii F. I*')mtiir, ikinl WHM fntluT of H'm. I'l. I'lniim, imw 
 II li'iiiliiiK Nt. .IdIiii iiii'i'cliuht : 7. •Ihiiicn, Ii, 1HI7, III. Kllcn 
 KiiriiM : H, Uimr, li. |H|<,»; 0, Kilwin, l>. IH'.'I, m. HuKart ; 10, 
 ('iii'iilinii W'iiimI, Ii. IH'SA, m. I'lirilnn SitiiiU>rN 
 * iii. Imhiu', Ii. I7H)i, mi. IHI7, .Mikiy S|iiiri' (iluu. of .Slii|i|itty): Ch. : I, 
 
 llulliti .liihi-, Ii IHIH, III. (JMti .liihii Ho^urt. (L'ihI) Nt*<|iliiin 
 (^iitiruiui ; 2, l.otiriii Aim, li. IH'.'I, in. Wjlliuin Vuinliiim .IniMm ; 
 .'<. .liihii, Ii. IM'.'.'t, Ml. (IhI) Kli/,ii Stiirriitt, CJ) Scrii|ili IViirco ; 4, 
 ('iiriijiiiu, Ii. IH'.Vi, III. |)iiiiw .liiiitm ; 5, iMurKitritt Kli/iiliiitii, li. 
 IH',i7, III. Ili'iny Kuwlcr IIiiiiih ; tl, Ismic DitiimiN, li. IMiill, m. 
 (iHt) Muiy .\nii Hull, (-'nil) Si'nt|iliiiiii piiinuiH; 7, Ailiurt I)., 
 
 Ii. IK'tl, III. (!|iiirli>Ui) .Moi'hL- ; H, Wiliiikiii \' hirs, li. !».'(;(, in. 
 
 Mitry Ann Wnndniiui ; !>, Ktlialinu Sii|iliiH, li. iHilfi, in. (IhI) 
 .litnii'N .liini'N, ('.'ml; Williitin AinliTHtin. 
 iv. Cluirity, l». I7HH, ni. ClmrlnH ViuiliiiMkirk. 
 V. Siimli, Ii. I71MI, III. Sinioii I'urdy. 
 
 Wai>k. Tliis fiiinily is (It'scciuli'd from Jon.xtii.vn W.mik, wlio finij^riitt'd 
 in lO.'JU (aocnnliii;^ to "Siiva^jc'.s (icin'iiloj^ical Pictioniiry ") from I)('nv(>r, 
 County of Norfolk, on West Hiiic, one niili< fioiii Downliiiin >l.irk«it, and 
 Pruthujue, hin wifo. HiH widow, Iiowovjt, whh nanxMl SuManna, but h« may 
 have Itt'on twicn mariit'd, or l'rud((n(;<! may Ih* a ii'''^^tak»'. lie certainly 
 had adau^htt-r I'ruditncf. Il<^ wa.s a man of suUstancc, al)ility and itilhi- 
 ence, rcpn'.sentative to the (Jviieral Court; a int>rcliaiit, siit down first at 
 CharlBston, hut removed to Ipswieli. .Ioiin, prohahly his j^reat grandson, 
 in I73H, then carryiti}^ on a cariia;,'!' and c^haii' manufaetory, thirty-tliree 
 years old, raised a com|iany of troops to aid in tlie caiiture of Louishurg, 
 und after that was aooomjilished Ik^ went with it to CJU(!)h>(;. In this com- 
 pany, which participated in the batth^on the Plains of Ahrahaiii, was liis 
 apprentice, Samuel IJt^nt, already sjioken of. He came to Granville in 
 17<)0, after wintering,' in Halifax, and his wife and children, accompanied 
 by her father and brother (James Arbuckl(% .siniior and junior, who died 
 soon after their arrival), came in 17^1. He settled on lot No. 76, on 
 which Home of his d<!.scendants now resside. He was commissioned captain 
 of militia in 176."$, and was also a hij^hly respected and ellicient .Justice of 
 the Peace. The first turning lathe us(h1 in the county was intr(j<luc«fd by 
 him anfl employed in his chair factory, which was also the first one in 
 the valley, and for over half a century the only one. He has respectable 
 and worthy descendants in almost every honourable industrial pursuit and 
 in all the professions. A great-yrandson, John Chipman Wade, repre- 
 setited Digby County many years, during four of which he was Speaker. 
 Afterwards he was in the Dominion Parliament. He married Sarah 
 Arbuckle, of Massachusetts, and died 1813. Children: 
 
 i. Daniel, m. (1st) 1776, Mary Starratt, (2n(l) Elizabeth Fletchor, n/e 
 Withorspoon : Ch. : I, Hannah, b. 177(», tl. 177<> ; 2, Mary, h. 
 1778, m. Job Young, jun.; ■'?, Elizabeth, b. 1780, ni. Charles 
 Bent ; 4, Hunnuh, b. 17B1, m. Abraham Yuung ; 5, Susan, b. 
 
WADK. 6S1 
 
 IVH:i, III. Airliiliiilil Miiri'iHoii ; it, ItdHiinnii, h. I7H4 in. Kilwiml 
 CiiviMl ; Miy L'ml \vif«i:7, 'rimiiiim, li ITM.'i, tii. IH(>7 «'liiisiiii» 
 MorriNoii, IiimU!|i. I, H'tllimn H,hni,<l, ti. IHIU, <l IKV.I, luiin.; 
 2, lii'tnijinn, \>. IHI'J. <|. iiiiiii.; :i, Hhirn, It. IN III, in. LiA'dho 
 Htint ; 4, Jiiliii Moiiimm, U. IHIH, in. .Iiiliii Ann Millt^r ; n, 
 Ciilfninni A., I.. IM2I. (I. IIIIIII.; H, Man/ I'Jm'liiir, \, IM-JII, m. 
 <iilli«irt Hyiii'Niiii ; 7. i'litlinlin- Ailflin, li. |H;t7, li. luiin. 
 
 (2) ii SylvHiiiiH. 
 
 iii. .Ii>s<!|ili, III. I7HU, Siiriili rattuii (ilaii. <>f ,li>m<|ili, M.IM'.): Oh.: I, 
 I'liltoii, li. I7H!I, ni. Smith, hihI Ntittltid in h iliHirict on ihu St. 
 •Iiihn ItiviM', loft II Hiin ^N'illiHin, iinil ii iliiii. in. linir^^t! ItoiKty, of 
 (friinvillc ; 'J, .loHuph, l>. I7!ll, il. unin. ; .'I, Siinth, d. iiiiiii. ; 4, 
 • lohii. III. ; o, Siiiiiintl, in. 
 iv. Iluiiiiuli, III. Jitintih Mitcgrtigor. 
 
 (•')) V. •lolin, Jim, 
 
 12. Syi.vancm W'akk iiiiirtii'il Kli/iilxtlh Tiim*|i, ami liiid cliihlron : 
 
 i. Juhii, III. (Ut) IHl'.', Ilikiritit ('lii|iiiiiiii, (2iiil) Oliviu ('hi|iiimii : <,'h.: 
 1, Aiini.', li. iHl.t. III. I'cUir Mi-Niili ; '-'. Ilurricl, l>. IHIn. m. 
 Wiilt.ir Witlii^iM ; .'t, .Ioiin Ciiii-man, li IHI7. il, !«!»'-', m. ('iirolino. 
 (lull, of Hvv. |{()i.(rr N'intH, jiiii.; (Iiy 'Jiiil w.): 4, ('hiirlottu, d, iinni. 
 
 ii. .loMtiph, III. (Ut) I'mdoiifti I'ortur, ('-'iidj Mary Ititndiill, (.'trd) Nancy 
 I'lirkoi' (no iHHiic), d. IISH7, HKud 101, iv wull-|iii)Mt)rvud ceiitttiiiki'iiin. 
 
 iii. (ii<or;{u, III. IHII, Kli/iilM'th Whtudock : < h : I, (iilhurt. Ii. IHII, m. 
 IH.'tr>, Hiichol lliillidity ; 1.', I'holiu, l>. IHI;<, d. iiiiiii. ; .'<, Joot'ph 
 (Miui-i'liiil, III. IH:<H, Nancy Hoiit ; 4, lUiniuinin, h. IHI7. in. Ann 
 Tiiii|iatiy ; 5. SylvaiiiiN, l> IH!1>, in. Ann Yoiiiik ; *i, (iuor^c, It. 
 IH21. III. Fii-<;l..vo Ci.n«doii ; 7, Aliol, 1.. IM2H, m. William Youiik ; 
 8, Mary Kli/aliotli, li. 1825, m, .lohii J'oni^don ; !>, fjiicrotia, l>. 
 
 im:{4. 
 
 iv. JanutH, m. IMiebo flail : (Jh. ; I, llarriut, m. Saninol Bath ; 2, 
 .lainos. III. A^'iioH .lonuN, of MarHhalltown ; .'<, Kli/.aliuth. in. .Iiihn 
 K. Hath ; 4, SainiittI, in. (Ut) MiHH Harnahy, of Digliy, ('Jnd) 
 Klixalutth KIIn, of WoodHtouk ; 5, David, iiniii.; *>, TliomaN, d. 
 iiiim. ; 7, Cliarhm, d. iiiiin. ; 8, WoHton, d. iinin. 
 V. Catharino. in. David (lall 
 
 vi. .lol), in. (iHt) 1820, Hannah VVithorHpocMi, (2nd) Mary Harvey : Ch.: 
 
 1, Joseph, h. 18.'tO, m. (Ut) liikvinia I'arker, (2iid) Aliigail Mofho ; 
 
 2, Hannah Olivia, li. 18:{2, d. 18:{;{ ; 3, Hannah Olivia, d. uniii.; 4,. 
 Annie FIIi/.aliuth, li. 18.'M(, in. Hunry Allen ; 5, Noriuan, I). 18;<8, 
 d. uiiin. ; H, Jane, h. 1840, m. Klienu/.er Bent ; 7, ('atharine, li. 
 1842, III. John Honey ; 8, Ellen, 1.. 1844, d. unin.; », John, h. 
 184G, III. Kiniiia Lang ; 10, Alfred, in. Mary Trofry ; 11, Fi.kti^iirr 
 B., Barrister, Q.C., uf Bridgewater. 
 
 3. John Wade, Jun., married 1789, Phebe Leonard, died 1811, 
 
 Children : 
 
 i. Seth, 1>. 1790, in. 1814, Maria McCormick : Ch. • 1, Mary, ni. Thomas 
 Miller ; 2, William, m. Irene Nicholls ; 3, .lane, in. (Ut) — Bailey, 
 (2nd) William Letteney ; 4, Stephen, d. unin. ; 5, Ann, d. 1855, 
 m. Holoiiiun Markfiall ; 6, Daniel, d. unm.; 7, Hannah M., m. 
 Amos Allen, 
 ii. Samuel, l>. 1791, m. 1821, Eli^a Troop : Oh. : 1. Sarah Ann, b. 1823, 
 m. Walter Willett Wade ; 2, Euiiia, b. 1825, in. Charles Young; 
 
 3, Seth, b. 1828, m. Cynthia Troop ; 4. Cynthia, b. 1830, m. 
 Stephen Bent ; 5, Leonard, b. 1832, unm.; (i, Henry, b. 1834, m. 
 
622 WAKK— WALKKll — VVELTON. 
 
 Hitniiah Hariling ; 7, Kohert, in. Aniiti Siimh (lullis ; 8, Isriiul 
 T., J). 18;J7. 111. Li/.ziii McKuown ; !>, Kiiiily, in. John Hiitcliin.son. 
 
 iii. Willmm, h. 17i».'<, in. (iHt 1820, Miirj^mot VVillott. (2iul) Miuiii 
 Mcl'urinick : Cli. : 1, Mrtry, 1>. 1821, <1. uniii.; 2, Waltor Willett, 
 h. 1822, III. Simvli Ann VViido ; ',i, Kdinund, I). 1825, in. Miss 
 Douglas ; 4, Doliorah, h. 1828, uiiiii.; 5, Isaac, li. 18.'U), d. uiiin. ; 
 H. Hunuier, b. 1832, in. Ann Juhnsoii ; 7, Aliigail, I). 18:i5, in. 
 ItiiMby OatuH ; 8, Eli/.ii, in. /ubulon IMakesley ; !), Margaret, in. 
 Prior Saiidford ; 10, NVtIliani, in. (no issue). 
 
 iv. Ann, b. 17i't>, in. William Youny. 
 
 V. Sarah, b. 17'*7, in. Henry Milbury. 
 
 vi. John, b. 1801. d. Oct. !>, 1880, m. 1829, Eliza Troop: Ch.: 1. 
 Cnrulino, b. I8;{(), d uiiin.; 2, Henrietta, b. 18;{2, in. Andrew 
 Mack; 3, Muria, b. 1837, unni.; 4, Eliza, b 18.{!>, uiiin. ; 5, John, 
 b. 1842, d. uiini. ; (i. .Vlice. b. 184r>, in. N. K. Cleiiionts, Yar- 
 mouth; 7, Charles,!). 1848, unin. ; 8, Caroline 0., b. 1854, d. unin. 
 vii. Su.san, b. ]80lt, iii. .Foseph Osinger. 
 
 viii. Leonard, in. Maria McCormick, and had Rev. John Moork Camv- 
 BELL VVauk, Rector of Aylesford, and others. 
 
 Walker. (Seo memoir of Thomas Walker, M.P.P., p. .'597.) 
 
 Robert Walker, ancestor of one family of that name, was liore early 
 in the last century, probably in some branch of the military service, as 
 few settlers came here prior to 1760, except those so employed. He 
 married twice, his second wife being a widow James. Children by first 
 wife : 
 
 i. Robert, d. (probab'y killed by Indians). 
 
 ii. Andrew, b. 1757, m. 177!>, Mary Clarke, b. 17(il, d. 1835: Ch.: 1, 
 Andrew, b. 1780, m. Faniitciia (iie8ner(no issue) ; 2, Ann, b. 1782, 
 d. 18«7 unin. ; 3, Mary, bpd. Dec. .3, 1789, ni. (Ist) James Chesley, 
 (2nd) Klias or William Burbidge ; 4, William, m. Ann Phinney ; 
 5, Thomas Cranville, b. 1780, in. Charlotte Clark ; <>, Adolplius, 
 m. Susanna Roberts ; 7, Elizabeth, d. unin. ; 8, Helen, d. unm. 
 iii. Margaret, b. 1769, in. Peleg Little, 
 iv. Anna, b. 17(iO, m. Asahel Dodge, 
 v. Sarah, b. 17^3, in. James Delap. 
 
 Welton. Ezekiel Welton, a Loyalist, I believe, was born in 174.5, 
 
 died in 1839, married (1st) , (2nd) Mary Nichols, iiee Richards. 
 
 Children : 
 
 i. Cephas, m. 1794, Lucy Parker, and had ch. : 1, Mary, b. 1796, d. 
 1797 ; 2, Allan, b. 1797, d. 1816 ; 3, Sidney, b. 1800, m. Isabel 
 Morse ; 4, Walter, b. 1802, d. 1805 ; 6, Eric, b. 1804, m. 1827, 
 Mary Spinney (no issue) ; H, William, b. 1808, d. 1832, in. Louisa 
 Willett ; 7, Walter, b. 1809, m. Mary Helen Dodge (no issue) ; 
 
 8, Parker, b. 1812, m. (Ist) Mary Neily, (2nd) Charlotte Ward ; 
 
 9, Lucy Ann, b. 1816, m. Jacob Neily. 
 
 ii. Eric, m. Elizabeth Smith (probably dau. of Jonathan) : Ch. : 1, 
 Frank, m. ; 2, Thomas, m. 1821, Dorothy Ryerson, ne'e Van- 
 Buskirk ; 3, Gilbert, m. ; 4, Ezekiel, m. Sarah Barton ; 6, 
 Jonath' .1, m. Margaret Grant ; d, Cephas, m. ; 7, Austin, m. 
 Helnn Neily ; 8, Mehitable, m. Jeremiah VaiiBuskirk ; 9, Mary, 
 d. unm. ; 10, Mercy, m. Isaac Roach ; 11, Emily, m. Edward Dean ; 
 12, Ann, m. Archibald Lamb ; 13, Julia, m. Thomas Brennan ; 
 14, Rachel, m. John Ward. 
 
WHEELOCK. 623 
 
 WitKELorK. Hev, Ram'II Wheelook, called the founder of Medfield, 
 Mass., was burn in .Shropshire, England, 1(500, educated at Clare Hall, 
 University of Cambridge (B.A. lfi2G, M.A., 1(531), a learned and able 
 Nonconformist divine, came to Massachusetts in 1637, and held some civil 
 ortices in Dedhani, Mendon and MedHeld; built in Medfield 1(551-52, and 
 died there in 1G83. His great-grandson Ouadiah,* through Uenjamin'^ 
 (who in 1G68 marrieil Klizabeth, daughter of Samuel BuUen), Obadiah,'' 
 born 1685 (married, 1708, Klizabeth Darling, and was a man of note in 
 lleholjoth and Milford), was born in 1712, and married in 1733, Martha, 
 daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Lovett) Sumner, and had children : 
 
 i. Zippcinih, h. May 12, 1734. 
 
 ii. Martliii, I). March 17, 173(5. 
 (2) iii. Obadiah, b. July 7, 1738. 
 
 iv. Joseph, b. July 17, 1740, in. (Ist) Nov. 5, 17(5!>, Deborah, dau. 
 of Jonas and Thiuikful Farnsworth, (2na) June 1(5, 1795, Sybil 
 Tarbell, of (Jroton, Mass., and liad ch. (by 2nd wife): 1, Welcome, 
 b. June 23, 17iM), in. Mary Eliza Andrews, and was High Sheriti' 
 many years ; 2, Joseph, b. 175)8, m. (1st) 1824, Mercy Whitman, 
 (2nd) Hannah Whitman ; 3, Amariah, b. 18^0, d. 1821 ; 4, Azubah, 
 b. 1803, 111. 1848, David, son of Oliver Foster; 5, Tarbell, m. 
 Mary Fisher (dau. of George Easson) ; (5, Sybil, b. 1808, d. 
 young ; 7, Rev. Jesse, Methodist minister, b. 1811, d. 1841. 
 
 V. Elias, h. April 17, 1743, m. Sarah, dau. of Beriah Rice, lived at 
 Nictaux, and had ch. : 1, Abigail, m. Michael Mai tin, d. 185')- 
 2, Sophia, in. Lt.-Col. James Eager; 3, Ward, ni. 1804, Aziibali 
 (iates, 9 ch. ; 4, Elias, in. Mary Hook (?), d. in England ; 5, 
 Sumner, m. 1815, Mary Willett ; 0, Sarah, m. Elkanah M rfcon. 
 J.C.P.; 7, Charles, b. June 17, 1791, m. Hannah E. Bcltzoi, 
 (5 ch. ; 8, Amoret, m. Samuel Morse ; 9, Betsey, d. unm. 
 
 vi. Abigail, b. Ajiril 24, 174(5, m. — Monlton. 
 
 vi4. Jesse, b. Oct. 2, 1748, m. Abigail Lovitt, and lived in Maine ; 6 ch. 
 viii. Amariah, b. Sept. 18, 1752. 
 
 2. Obadiah Wheelock was born July 7, 1738, at Mendon, Worcester 
 County, Mass., and married, in Nova Scotia, Rachel, daughter of Beriah 
 Rice. (See memoir, page 333.) He had children : 
 
 i. Asaph, m. 1797, Mary Church : Ch.: 1, Harriet, m. William, son 
 of Thomas W. Banks ; 2, Th(.ma8 C. (J.P.), b. Jan., 1799, still 
 
 living, m. Caroline Wheelock ; 3, Jesse Hoyt, b. 18()0, in. , 
 
 (in Mexico) ; 4, Edmund Morton, b. 1803, m. Mary Brine ; 5, 
 Hannah Rachel, b. 1805, in. William Foster ; 6, Obadiah, b. 
 1807, d unm. in California ; 7, Constant, b. 1809, m. — Mess- 
 enger ; 8, Mary, b. 1812, m. William Miller ; 9, Sarah, b. 1814, 
 m. Samuel T. Neily. 
 
 ii. Lucy, m. Elkanah Morton, J.C.P. 
 
 iii. Calvin, m. Mary Pennall. 
 
 iv. Mary, m. Walter Willett. 
 v. Samuel, m. . 
 
 vi. Irene, m. Jesse Hoyt. 
 
 vii. Americus. 
 
 Another branch of the Wheelock family settled in Wilmot. Abel 
 Wheelock was a son of Joseph Wheelock and Abigail, his wife ; 
 
624 WHEELOCK — WHITMAN. 
 
 grandson of Gershom Wiieelock and Hannah, daughter of John Sto«lder ; 
 and great-grandson of Rev. Ralph Wheelock. Abel was thus a second 
 cousin of the Obadiah^ whose record precedes this, and his children were 
 third cousins of Obadiah, M.P.P., and his brothers. He married in 
 1764, Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Foster, and lived in Granville. 
 Children : 
 
 i. Benjamin, b. Jan. 2(5, 170"', ni. 17!K), Elizabeth, dau. of John 
 Jacques, and lived in Granville ; Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. March 28, 
 1791, m. George Wade ; 2, Sarah, b. niH, m. Abner Foster ; 3, 
 Abel, b. Aug. 27, 17i)7, ni. Elizabeth Ann, dau. of Ezekiel Foster, 
 jun.; 4, Mary, b. Aug. 7, 1799, in. Thouias, son of Ezekiel Foster, 
 jun. ; 5, William K.. b. Sept. 14, 1804. 
 
 ii. Joseph, b. July 7. 1767, d. young. 
 
 iii. John, b. April, 17()», m. (Ist) 1792, Mary Gilliatt (dau. of William 
 and Rebecca), (2ud) Mittie, dau. of Major Nathaniel Parker, and 
 lived at Torbrook, Wilmot ; Ch. : 1, Abel, b. 1793, m. Jane, dau. 
 of Joseph Foster ; 2, Ann, b. 1794, m. John Hoffman ; 3, Rebecca, 
 b. Sept. 10, 1796, m. Guy Carleton Payson ; 4, Mary, b. 1799, m. 
 Peter, son of Obadiah and Hannah Morse. 
 
 iv. Sarah, b. Feb. 24, 1771. m. Thomas Wheeler Banks. 
 V. Samuel, b. Jan. 6, 1773, m. Mary, dau. of Walter Wilkins, lived at 
 Torbrook : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b. 1807, m. Sarah, dau. of John 
 Hoffman ; 2, Benjamin, b. 1809, m. Sophia, dau. of Thomas W. 
 Banks ; 3, Sarah, b. 1811, d. 1815 ; 4, Walter, b. April 1, 1813, 
 m. Mary, dau. of Silas Gates ; 5, James, b. 1815, m. (Ist) Henri- 
 etta Smith, (2nd) Lydia Crisp, ne'e Palfrey ; 6, William, b. 1817, 
 m. Love, dau. of Samuel Roberts ; 7, Wesley, b. 1819, m. Mary 
 Jane Masters (dau. of Rev. Ezekiel) ; 8, Rev. George Whitefield, 
 b. 1822 (Methodist), d. unm. ; 9, Anthony, b. 1824 ; 10, Samuel, 
 b. 1826, d. soon ; 11, Samuel, b. Dec. 24, 1828, m. June 24, 1858, 
 Maggie, dau. of Jacob Gates ; 12, Rev. John, b. 1831 (Baptist), d. 
 1865. 
 
 vi. Elizabeth, b. 1775, m. Major Ezekiel Cleveland, jun. 
 
 vii. Abel, b. April 23, 1777, m. Nov. 20, 1801, Parney, dau. of Major 
 Nathaniel Parker : Ch. : 1, Samuel, b. Feb. 20, 1803, m. 
 Eliza Ann Berteaux ; 2, Lucinda, b. Sept. 22, 1804 ; 3, Olive, 
 b. Dec. 24, 1806, m. 1827, Robert Berteaux ; 4, Parney, b. Jan. 
 20, 1808, m. James Berteaux ; 6, John, b. July 28, 1811, m. 
 Emily J. Dodge ; 0, Abel Maynard, b. Dec. 23, 1813, m. (1st) Eliza, 
 dau. of Walter Wilkins, (2nd) Elizabeth Cutten, wid. of Benaiah 
 Morse ; 7, Letitia, b. .July 15, 1816, m. James Spinney ; 8, Mittie, 
 b. July 15, 1816, m. James P. Wiswall ; 9, Ezekiel Cleveland, 
 b. Oct. 3, 1818, m. Amy Elizabeth, dau. of Charles Dodge, 
 viii. Abigail, b. 1779, m. Samuel Felch. 
 
 ix. Oliver, d. young. 
 
 Whitman. Joun Whitman came from (see "Whitman Genealogy," by 
 Farnham) Holt, or Coventry, or perhaps some part of Hertfordshire* to 
 Weymouth, twelve miles south of Boston, Majjs., in 1637 or 1638. His 
 son Zaohariah married Sarah, daughter of Dr. John Alcock, of Roxbury, 
 and the latter had a son John, who was born in 1688, and married Mary 
 Graves (daughter of Charles). Their son John, born in 1717 in Stow, 
 
 * Our author says Dorsetshire, but on what authority I do not know. — [Ed.] 
 
WHITMAN. 625 
 
 Mass., and married in 1747, Mary, daugliter of Rev. Mr. Foster, of 
 Stafford, Conn., who came to Annapolis in the Charumu/ Molly, was 
 destined, through his posterity, to be a potent factor in making the 
 industrial and political history of the county. (>See memoir.) He died 
 Sept. 12, 1763; his widow married Samuel Bancroft, and died in 1812, 
 aged 85. He had children : 
 
 i. Dorcas, b. May 5, 174'.t, m. Capt. Eben Perry, who was killed at 
 the battle of Benninjjton, 1777. 
 
 ii. Daniel, b. June 5, 1750, in. 1778, Surah Kendall, and settled at or- 
 near Rosette, d. April 23, 1840: Ch.: 1, Sarah, b. 1780, m. 
 Frederic Morton ; 2, Isaac, b. 1782, in. 1804, Mary Hendry ; 3, 
 Mercy, b. 1784 ; 4, John, b. 17K(i, ni. Ann Wliitnian, ace Harris ; 
 B, Daniel, b. 1788, m. (1st) Nancy Roop, (2nd) Jane Banks (dau. of 
 Moses); <>, Silas, b. 17".>1, m. 1815, Elizabeth Bancroft ; 7, Asaph, 
 b. 17i>3, ni. Ann Harri.'* ; 8, Mary, b. 1705, d. unm.; 9, Zachariah, 
 b. 1708, d. unm.; 10, Lois, b. 1804, m. Israel Kice. 
 
 iii. Hannah, b. Au<,'. 12, 1751, ni. William E. Tufts (descendant of 
 Rev. John, of Newbury, Mass.), 1772. 
 
 iv. Edward, b. Aug. (5, 1752, in Stow, Mass., m. 1775, Dorothy, dau. 
 of Capt. Oldham (rates, and settled near Lawrencetown ; he d. 
 Jan. 15, 1820: Ch.: 1, Oldham, ni. Nancy, dau. of Benjamin 
 Fairn, and wid. of James Roach, Rosette, 10 ch., d. 1848 ; 2, 
 Mercy, m. Andrew KnifTen, of New Albany, d. 1875 ; 3, Jacob, m. 
 1814, Elizabeth Lanjriey, 11 ch., lived at Marshall's Mountain ; 4, 
 Lydia, b. 1780, m. 1809, John Merry ; 5, Salome, b. 1790, m. 1807, 
 George Armstrong ; tt, Edward, m. about 1808, Elizabeth Cagney, 
 wid.* dau. of Capt. Christopher Prince, and was father of Hon. 
 William C. Whitman, M.L.C.; 7, Charles, m. Lois Dykeman, 
 New Albany, d. 1850, 9ch.; 8, Asa (or Asaph), m. Mary Dur- 
 land ; 9, Dorothea, m. 1812, Ferdinand Schafner ; 10, James, m. 
 1812, Maua Longley, d. 1832, 5ch.; 11, Deidamia, b. 1797, m. 
 James Steele, d. 1865; 12, Margaret, b. 1801, m. 1822, Henry 
 Kent. 
 V. John, b. Sept. 25, 1753, m. 1784, Elizabeth, dau. of Phineas Rice, 
 remained on the homestead, Rosette, d. 1833 : Ch. : 1, Elnathan, 
 (see memoir of Eln. Whitman, M.P.P.), b. 1785, m. (Ist) 1812, 
 Eleanor Spurr, (2nd) Charlotte Tupper (by Ist wife, father of Hon. 
 George Whitman, M.L.C); 2, Alfred, m. Jane Spurr ; 3, James, 
 m. Ann Bailey ; 4, Letitia, m. William Spurr ; 6, Maria, m. Robert 
 Spurr ; 6, Dorinda, m. John McDormand ; and, according to the 
 " Whitman Genealogy, " which differs from this in date of marriage 
 (making it 1780) and order of births, Elizabeth, John, Ebenezer, 
 Eli and Annie, 11 in all. 
 
 vi. Salome, b. March 29, 1755, m. (1st) Major Ezekiel Cleveland, 2 ch., 
 (2nd) Major N. Parker (2nd wife), 10 ch. (see Parker, ante), d. 
 June 5, 1831. 
 
 vii. Elnathan, b. April 16, 1756, d. March 1, 1765. 
 
 viii. Jacob, b. Oct. 14, 1767, m. Ann Spinney, settled near the old home- 
 stead, d. Sept., 18.37: Ch.: 1, Spinney, m. Caroline Harris ; 2, 
 Elizabeth, m. George Harris ; 3, Joanna, m. William Best ; 4, 
 Jacob, m. ; 5, Whitetield, d. unm. ; 6, Mercy, m. Edward 
 Berteaux ; 7, David, m. 1808, Sarah Starratt. 
 
 ix. Isaac, b. Nov. 3, 1758, d. July 20, 1777. 
 X. Abraham, b. Sept. 10, 1761, m. 1793, Hannah Webber, finally 
 
 * Her first husband, William Cagney, was a cornet of cavalry in the "American 
 Legion " under Arnold. 
 
 40 
 
026 WHITMAN. 
 
 settled at Oanso, d. March 14, 1854 : Cii.: 1, James, d. unni. ; 
 2, Isaac, in. Deborah Bears ; M. John. m. Eliza Spurr ; 4, Dorcas, 
 in. David Bears (P.E.I.); 5, Mercy, in. Josepli Wheelock, J. P.; 
 0, Hannah, m. (Ist) Norris, (2nd) Joseph Wheelock ; 7, Letitia, 
 ni. William Hart ; 8, Sarah, m. Benjamin Bigolow ; !>, Abraham, 
 m. Lavinia Hart. 
 Jti. Mercy, b. March 2(5, 17G3, m. Nelson Freeman, d. Fob. i:\ 1828, 
 U ch. 
 
 Isaac (hou of Dnniel) and Mary (Hendry) Whitman had ch. : 1, William A., 
 b. Nov. (5, 1805, m. twice ; 2, Simeon F., m. but no issue ; 3, Joiin, ni. (Ist) 
 Sarah Beals, (2nd) Sarah Felch, (3rd) — Benjamin ; 4, Joseph, m. Abigail 
 Oakes ; 5, Ansley, m. (1st) Mary Oakes, (2nJ) Elizabeth Oates ; (i, Eliza, ni. 
 Je.sse Oakes ; 7, Mercy, m. James Merry ; 8, Mary .Vnn, ra. Handley Merry. 
 
 Silas (s(>/io/i>.(/(ie/) and Elizabeth (Bancroft) Whitman had ch.: 1, Samuel, 
 b. 181<) ; 2, Jennniah, b. 1810 ; 3, Handley, b. 1821 ; perhaps others. 
 
 Daniei, (.son ()/ Diiniel) and Nancy (Roop) Whitman had ch.; 1, Dimock 
 (lately deceased), in. (Ist) Fanny McLauchlan, (2nd) Caroline Whitman, (3) 
 Annie Craisr, ne'e Odell ; 2, Zachariah, m. Susan Hutchinson ; 3, Mary, ni. 
 Manning Marshall ; 4, Sarah Ann, in. John McKeown ; by his 2nd wife, 
 Jano Banks, he had : 5, Asaph, m. Jane Payson ; 6, Lois, m. Christopher 
 Saunders , 7, Rachel, m. Henry Saunders ; 8, Harriet, d. unm.; 9, Daniel, in. 
 (ist) Sarah Ann Marshall, (2nd) Loretta Siunders ; 10, Esther, m. Albert 
 Oakes. 
 
 Olpham (.ton of Edward) and Nancy (Fairn) Whitman had ch. : 1, Benjamin, 
 m. Ann Longley ; 2, Levi, m. Matilda Lloyd ; '■', Athalia, m. .Tohn Kerr ; 4, 
 Henry, in. Augusta Prentiss ; 5, Sarah, m. Patrick Roach ; 6, Ebenezer Rice, 
 b. Feb. 22, 1813, m. Susan Beals; 7, Diadama, b. May 18, 1815, m. Arod 
 McNayr ; 8, Asa, b. Jurie 27, 1817, m. Mary Beals ; 9, Amos, b. April 21, 
 1819, in. Mary Ann Hannan ; 10, Oldham, b. Jan. 25, 1822, m. Rebecca 
 Cochran. 
 
 Jacob (son of Edward) and Elizabeth (Langley) Whitman had ch.: 1, Jacob, 
 b. June 18, 18U) ; 2, Edward, b. May 17, 1818 ; 3, Lucy Ann, b. Jan. 4, 1821, 
 ni. Nathan Langley ; 4, Nathaniel, b. June 4, 1823, m. Angelina Slocomb ; 5, 
 Asahel, b. Oct. 1. 1825 ; «, Sarah, b. Dec. 29, 1827, in. Christopher Grant ; 7, 
 Deborah, m. John Miller ; 8, Freeman, m. Diadama Saunders ; 9, Abraham. 
 
 Edward (son of Edward) and Elizabeth (Prince) Whitman had ch.: 1, Hon. 
 William Cagney, b. 1809, m. Caroline Belyea of N.B.; 2, Eliza, b. 1811 ; 3, 
 Edward Tile8t(m, b. 1813, in. — Robinson, widow ; 4, Ann Amelia, b. 1816 ; 
 6, Christopher, b. 1818, d. unm. 
 
 Charles (son of Edunird) and Lois (Dykeman) Whitman had ch. : 1, 
 Margaret, d. 1852 unm. ; 2, Louisa, m. Russell Durland ; 3, Dorothy, m. John 
 Miller ; 4, George, m. Lavinia Ruggles ; 5, James Edward ; 6, Isabella, m. 
 George Gates ; 7, Salome ; 8, Irene, d. 1850 unm. ; 9, Sophia, m. John 
 Stoddart. 
 
 James (sim of Edivard) and Maria (Longley) Whitman had ch. : 1, Israel, b. 
 1813, m. Sarah Spinney ; 2, Margaret Lovicia, b. 1818, m. John M. Chute ; 3, 
 Lucy Ann, b. 1823, m. John McGregor : 4, Isaac James, b. 1833, m. Sarah 
 Spinney ; 5, David Edward, b. 1833, m. Emmnline Louisa Rood, tiee Brown. 
 
 Elnathan (son of John, jun.) and Eleanor (Spurr) Whitman had ch. : 1, 
 John, b. June 3, 1814, m. Mary, dau. of Edward H. Cutler ; 2, William 
 Osmond, b. June 4, 1816, d. unm. ; 3, Charles Bailey, b. Sept. 28, 1817, m. 
 Jane Chipman, nde Tupper ; 4, Edward, b. July 29, 1819, d. 1820 ; 5, Hon. 
 George, b. April 3, 1823, m. Mary Arabella Boice ; by his 2nd w., Charlotte 
 Tupper, he had : 6, Maria, m. Samuel Bogart. 
 
WHITMAN — WILKINS— WILLETT. 627 
 
 Ai,KKEi> (,s«)i of John) and Jane(Spurr) Whitman hBcl ch.; 1, M;iry Elizabeth, 
 b. July 4, 1827 ; 2, Margaret, b. Jan. 2.S, 182!), ni. — Swymiiier ; 3, Edward, 
 b. ''.ept. 20, 1830 ; 4, Alfred, b. May 27, 1833, in. — Crosby ; 5, Eleaimr, b. 
 Feb. 0, 1836, lu. Jainea De Wolfe Spiirr, St. John, N.B. ; ti, Henry, b. Aug. 6, 
 1830. 
 
 David (xon of Jacob) and Sarah (Starratt) Whitman had ch.: 1, William, b. 
 180}> ; 2, Amoz, b. 1810, in. William Best ; 3, Mercy, b. 1812 ; 4, Samuel, b. 
 1815, ni, ; 6, Leonora, b. 1819, m. Harvey Saunders ; <>, Robert, b. 1822 ; 7, 
 Anne Maria, m. Hon. Avard Longley. 
 
 Ihaac (»()>i ()/ Abrnfiam) and Deborah (Bears) Whitman hadch. : 1, Maria, 
 m. Albert Kinsman ; 2, David, m. Mary Myers ; 3, Jane, m. Levi Hart ; per- 
 haps others. 
 
 John (son of Abraham) and Eli/.a (Spurr) Whitman had ch. : 1, James 
 Edward ; 2, Thomas S., m. Louisa Tobias ; 3, John, in.; 4, Bessie, in. Edmund 
 Twining ; 5, Robert, ni. 
 
 WiLKiNS. This family is probably of Welsh origin. It is supposed 
 that Walter Wilkins, who was born in 1702, and died at Halifax, Janu- 
 ary 7, 1792, came to Halifax with Lord Cornwallis, and was engaged in 
 trade there, and acquired the land on which his son settled in WiJmot, 
 in payment of a debt, and that the son, Waltek Wilkins, was bo-n in 
 Halifax, and came here about 1780. His sister Mary had, in 1765, 
 mai-ried Alexander McKenzie. It was probably the name of hi? father 
 which appears in a list of non-resident tax-payers in 1770. He married 
 in 1781, probably Sarah White. Children: 
 
 i. Walter, b. 1782, m. Ruth, dau. of John Foster: Ch.: 1, Anthony, 
 m. Maria Nichols ; 2, William, d. 1885, m. Isabel Reals ; 3, 
 Eliza, m. Maynard Wheelock ; 4, Mary, m. William Brown ; 
 5, Sarah, d. unm. ; 0, Caroline, unm. ; 7, Louisa, unm. ; 8, 
 Amanda, m. John L. Morse ; 9, Walter, m. Sarah Lavinia Bent ; 
 10, Ruth, m. Adelbert Ryder ; 11, Adelbert, m. Bessie A. Gates. 
 
 ii. Mary, b. 1784, m. Saiimol Wheelock. 
 
 iii. Anthony, b. 1780, m. (Ist) Cornelia Durland, (2nd) Abigail Arm- 
 strong : Ch. : 1, Walter, m. Leonora Marshall ; 2, Daniel, in. 
 Louisa Brown ; 3, Thomas Cainbia, m. Asenath Crocker ; 4, 
 Sarah Ann, m. Wentworth Elliott ; 5, Mary Eliza, m. Israel 
 Marshall ; 6, Caroline, m. William Slocomb ; 7, Benjamin, d. 
 unm. ; 8, Lavinia, m. Samuel Elliott ; 9, Rebecca, in. Daniel 
 Bruce ; 10, Louisa Jane, m. William Spicer. 
 
 WiLLETT. Walter and Samuel Willett, cousins, born in New 
 York, came from Pennsylvania, where they had settled, Ix)yali8t8 of 
 1783. The name is said to be French, Ouillette, changed to the 
 English form after the domicile of the family in America. (There seems 
 no reason to doubt this, although there were Willetts of English extrac- 
 tion among the Pilgrim Fathers. These, if our author was right, were 
 probably of Huguenot stock. — Ed.) Thomas and William Willett were 
 members of the New York Legislature from 1725 to 1750. Walter had 
 
628 WILLETT. 
 
 served in the loyal forces, and left his property at the peace in tlie 
 possession of his sons, some of whom were of age. He took an active 
 interest in militia affairs, and on a call for militia to garrison Halifax, 
 on one occasion during the absence of the regulars he is said to have 
 marched his company to Halifax in thirty-six hours. . Samuel, who had 
 been a cornet of cavalry, settled in Wilmot. Walter Willett left in 
 Pennsylvania children by his first wife: 1, Thomas; 2, (Jilbert ; .'I, 
 Thomas ; 4, Waiter ; 5, Caroline ; 6, Ann ; 7, Michael. He married 
 (2nd) Abigail, and by her had : 
 
 viii. Isaac Phinney, b. 1787, in. Ann Morrison, d. 18()1 : Ch.: 1, Walter, 
 m. Rebecca Gilliatt ; 2, Reed, ni. Charlotte, dau. of John Robert- 
 son, M.P.P. ; 3, Isaac, d. unm. ; 4, Ann, ni. William Hood, 
 ix. Ann, b. 1788, d. 1808, unm. 
 X. Harriet, b. 1790, m. James H. Priestly. 
 
 xi. Graves Simcoe, b. 17i*2, d. 184(!. m. Cynthia Troop: Ch.: 1, 
 Walter, m. Mary Hudson ; 2, Geoige, m. Arbuthnot McSweeny ; 
 3, Gilbert, m. Barbara Pigott ; 4, John, m. Ellen Tarver, Mexico, 
 xii. Mary, b. 1790, d. 1842, m. Sumner Wheelock. 
 xiii. Lawrence, b. 1799, m. Caioline Troop: Ch.: 1, Lawrence, ni. 
 Harriet Clark ; 2, Margaret S., m. William Spurr ; 3, Armanilla 
 Caroline, m. Edward Anderson, 
 xiv. Eliza, b. 1801, m. Samuel Churchill. 
 XV. Margaret, b. 181)3, d. 1842, m. William Wade, 
 xvi. Gilbert, b. 18U5, m. Armanilla Wheelock (no issue), 
 xvii. Deborah, m. William Thomas. 
 
 Samuel Willett was a cousin of Walter, already mentioned, was a 
 cornet in a cavalry regiment on the loyal side in the Revolutionary war, 
 and came here in 1783. In 1786 he married Leah de St. Croix, daughter 
 of a French Huguenot Loyalist of good family and some note, who came 
 to the county at the same time. He was a man of good education and 
 fine intellectual powers, scrupulous and exact in the performance of all 
 his duties. He had children : 
 
 i. Samuel, b. 1787. 
 
 ii. Joshua, b. 1788, m. 1811, Catharine Durland : Ch.: 1, Mary, b. 
 1812, m. — Balcom ; 2, Gilbert, b. 1814, d. 1817 ; 3, Catharine, 
 b. 1816. m. Joseph Jacques ; 4, Leonora, b. 1818, m. — Ryar ; 
 
 5, Matilda, b. 1820, d. 1821 ; 6, Gilbert, b. 1822, m. — (in U.S.); 
 7, Daniel, b. 1824, m. — Ward ; 8, Bamford, b. 1826, m. 
 
 iii. Benjamin, b. 1789, m. Phebe Woodbury (no issue). 
 
 iv. Walter, b. 1791, m. Mary Wheelock (dau. of Obadiah) : Ch. : 
 
 1, Mary, m. John Webster ; 2, Lavinia, ra. Archibald Walker ; 
 
 3, Rachel, m. Israel Gilliatt ; 4, Selena, m. Samuel Pickup ; 
 
 6, Irene, m. James Palmer ; 6, Walter, d. unm. 
 V. Thomas, b. 1793, m. Deborah Wilson : Ch. : 1, Ann. 
 
 vi. Augustine, b. 1795, d. unm. 
 
 vii. Lawrence, b. 1797, d. unm. 
 
 viii. Leah, b. 1799, m. John Pittman. 
 
 ix. Eliza, b. 1801, d. unm. 
 
 X. Caroline, b. 1803, d. unm. 
 
 xi. Temple, b. 1805, d. unm. 
 
 xii. Margaret, b. 1806, d. unm. 
 
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WILLIAMS. 021) 
 
 Williams. Thomas Williams, who may have been born in Annapolis, 
 appointi'd in 1769, CoininiNSJiry and Ordnance storekeeper, married Ann, 
 only dauyhter of Captain Kdward Amherst of the 40th regiment, d. 1788. 
 John Williams, a captain in the 40th regiment at its organization in 
 1717, may have Iwen his father, or possibly a brother, Thomas had at 
 least two sons, Major Edward or Robert, who died without issue, and 
 Thomas, Iwrn 176M, died 1806, who married Anna Maria, daughter of 
 Thomas Walker, sen. (See memoir of Thomas Walker, jun., M.P.P.) 
 
 1. Thomas Williams, the younger, had children : 
 
 i, Charlotte Ann, IjjmI. Sept., 1788,* ni, Jiiii. 25, 1801>, James Robertson, 
 and liad ch. ; Williaiii Fonwick and Thumas Williams. The 
 latter, l)|i<l. .laii. IH, 1815, became h clergyman, and was Rector 
 of St. George's, N.13. 
 
 ii. Thomas, m. Charlotte Moncton, dau. of the Marquis of Calway (no 
 issue). 
 
 iii. Anna Maria Fenwick, bpd. Aug. 14, 171I5, m. Jan. 15, 1817, Thomas 
 Kinith, St. John, N.15. 
 
 iv. Mary Kliza. m. (Ist) Dec. 18, 1818. Hugh Chisholni, (2nd) John C. 
 Vail, M.P.P., and Registrar of Deoda, Kings County, N.B., and 
 was step-mother of Hon. W. B. Vail, of Nova Scotia. 
 (2) V. William Fenwi<;k, h. probably Dec, 17'.«>, bpd. Feb. 2, 1800, d, 
 unni. 
 
 vi. Georgina, m. Dec. 251. 1825. Rev. Horatio Nelson Arnold, M.A., of 
 Now Brunswick. 
 
 vii. Henrietta,! m. James Whitney, St. John, N.B. 
 
 2. Sir William Fenwick Williams, of Kara, was educated at the 
 old Grammar School, Annapolis, and the Royal Military Academy 
 at Woolwich, became Ensign in the Royal Artillery in 1825; from 
 1840 to 1843 he .served as a captain in Turkey, and in 1848 was a 
 commissioner for the settlement of the Turkey and Persia boundary, 
 and in 1854, at the outbreak of the Crimean War, was British Commis- 
 sioner with the Turkish army. He was in command during the four 
 months' siege of Kars by the Russians under Mouravieff, and on Septem- 
 ber 29, 1855, defeated the besiegers, who were much superior in numbers, 
 and in an advantageous position. He was obliged at length to surrender, 
 November 14, 1855, and was afterwards made K.C.B.; was Commander- 
 in-chief of the forces in British North America in 1858, administered 
 the government of Canada from October 12, 1860, to January 22, 1861, 
 and in 1866 and 1867 was Governor of Nova Scotia. He received the 
 degree of D.C.L. from Oxford and Kings College, Windsor. He died in 
 London, July 26, 1883. 
 
 * According to St. I^uke's Church record, which, compared with the inscription 
 on the monument, would make it appear that Thomas VVillianis, jun. , was married 
 before he was twenty years of age. 
 
 1 1 cannot vouch for the correctness of the order in which some of the children 
 are placed. — [Ed.] 
 
fiaO WILLIAMS— WINCHKSTKB. 
 
 Another fninily of Williamh in «l»!sc«'n(l»Hl from Jahi'Kh Williams, 
 probably KiikHhIi or Loyalist, who wuh b. IT^il), (1. Hept. (bu. Hept. ir»), 
 18(4, aged 7'>, in probably 1797, Sarah Kairn, and had ch. : 1, Arinunilla, 
 b. 1798 ; 2, Klizalieth Ann, b. 179U; a, Lucinda, b. 1801 ; 4, Harah, b. 
 180;J ; f), Zcniiah, b. 1805, d. 1825, unni. ; 6, JeruHha, b. 1808 ; 7, Wil- 
 liam Henry, b. 1811, m. Klizabeth Margaret Fleet, 9 ch.; 8, Mary, b. 1813; 
 9, Charltttte Ann, b. 1816; 10, Mar>,'aret Letitia, b. 1816; 11, John, b. 
 1818, ni. Marpiret Ann WelJH, r» or more ch. ; 12, Ca»-olino, b. 1821; 
 13, Anna, b. 1825. MoHt, if not all of their daughterH but one married. 
 
 Col. Khkokkk? Williams, probabiy not related to either of the two 
 preceding, was a prominent man in the county in the latter part of the 
 lant century ; probably a Loyalist. Descendants in female lines are to 
 be found in branches of the Ruggles and Thorne families, where Frederic 
 Williams and Israel Williams will be found as Christian names, and no 
 doubt in other families. 
 
 WiNCiiKSTEK. Nathan Winciikstku was a grantee of lands near Rosette 
 on the site of a previous French settlement, al>piit three miles from the 
 town, was married when he came, and lived with his family on his grant. 
 One of his sons settled in the township of Digby, one in Granville, 
 ahd Isaac and Hoencer in Clements and Hillsburgh respectively. John 
 remained on the homestead. John Winchester, died at Annapolis, 1840, 
 aged 98, is classed by Sabine as a Loyalist. The first Winchesters who 
 came to New England were John, of Hingham, who came 1635, aged 19, 
 with Clement Bates, and therefore probably from Hertfordshire, and 
 Alexander, of Braintree and lleholwth, who arrived October 3, 1635, 
 in the train of Sir Harry Vane, the younger. Nathan Winchester had 
 children (the order of births is not vouched for as correct) : 
 
 i. Josiiih, m. Hannah Winslow (dau. of John Howard):* Ch.: 1, Abi- 
 gail, m. Isaac Marshall ; 2, George Lefere, d. unm.; 3, Mary, h. 
 17!*0, m. Capt. Benjamin Thurber ; 4, Joseph, ni. 1819, Sarah 
 Bryan ; 5, Joaiah, m. Margery Bacon ; G, John, m. Mary Smith ; 
 7. Amy, m. Gilbert VanAmhurg ; 8, James, il. unm.; 9, Rachel, 
 m. William Snow ; 10, William, m. Nancy Barnes ; 11, Winslow, 
 d. unm. 
 ii. Mary, b. 1756, m. Benjamin LeCain. 
 
 iii. Isaac, b. 1769, m. about 1801, Mary Morgan, b. 1766 : Ch. : 
 1, Nancy, m. (1st) James Brown, (2nd) Jacob Roop ; 2, Sarah, 
 m. 18.(3, Edward Brian ; 3, EHza, b. 1804, d. 1855, m. Thomas 
 Hannan ; 4, Margaret, d. 1855, unm. ; 5, Charles, m. (1st) Maria 
 
 *John Howard Winslow' (Josiah,* Josiah," Kenelm," Kenelin,* the latter 
 brother of the Pilgrim Governor, Edward), b. 1738, m. Abigail Fenno, and came to 
 N. S. among the early settlers and was hotel-keeper in Annapolis : Ch : 1 , John 
 Fenno, b. 176*2, d. 1787 ; 2, Abigail, b. 1764, m. John Winchester; 3, Hannah, b. 
 1766 ; 4, Mary, m. Cyrus Dean, Halifax ; 5, Joseph, b 1772, d. young ; 6, Joseph ; 
 7, Matilda, m. Wm. Pratt ; 8, Rachel, m. James Halliday. 
 
WINCUKSTKIl — WINNIKTI". 6'U 
 
 ll'ipley, ('Jiiil) \Hi\'2, Suritlt MnrolinUMo, mr Cjiiuruau ; li, .lnliti, iii. 
 Mary SVinle ; 7. NHthnii, i\. uiiiii. 
 
 iv. iFoliii, 111. 17^1, Atii^iiil Wiimlow (lUii. of .lohii Howiinl), and d. IH'20, 
 It, m. Cli.: 1, .lohii. b. I7H:i. d. IH(i<), iiniii.; 2, Muiilidi. b. I7M4, 
 III. John L.>ii(;luy ; :i. Wdliiiiii, li. I7M>, d. 1H44, in. .\iiii Witliur- 
 H|iii()ii ; 4, •Ihiiiuh, b. I7)U, III. (iHt) .\iiii Wiriclieiiter, mv \V«ntlii)r- 
 H|Hi<iii, (liiuU I'ickoU ; 5, Miiriii, b. 17<*>'i, in. ArtuiiiiiN Odull ; H, 
 .\bi){iiil, b I7!)r», III. .Iiiiiiu!« W. I'rittt ; 7. Iliirriul, b. I7!>7, d. iiiiiii. 
 
 V. Spmictir, III. 17!*1. KniiicitH .Vim Kiiiloy: VAi.: I, Kli/jibotli Hetiiinu, 
 b. I7!ll, III. Thuiiiiis M"('..iiiiick ; 'J, MHitliii. b. 17<>L', m. IHIO, 
 OliiirlvH Yerri^ul ; .'t, •Ihiiiuh, hi. 1H|4, Kli»ibetli Hryiiii ; 4, TlioiiitiH, 
 d UIIIII.; 5, Muiiry, d.; *t, FrancuH, iii .iHcob Odull ; 7, (witimriiie, 
 III. Thoiiiiis Cuiiiliduii ; K, Rubuceii, d. iiiiiii.; !), F]iiik>y, ii:. AiiiimdH 
 HeiiHDii (no iHHiitt); 10, Kdwitrd, d. iiiiiii ; 11, Williiun, in. Elixit — . 
 
 vi. Williinii, III. 171HI, Mary Doinint (wiil.) ; Ch.: 1, riiiiHtoplior E. H., 
 b. I7!)l, III.; '2, Williiiiii H., b. 17t>4, in. Ly<lia Stoulu ; M, \hhius 
 Piirkor, b. 17iMl, in. IHHK, Lydiii Stoolo ; 4, Soimiim, in. Miiry .\nn 
 Morrison ; 5, Mury. 
 
 VViNNiKTT. Tliis is the oldest family, so far as residence is concerned, 
 in the Maritime! Provinces. WiM.iam Winniktt was horn in France of 
 Huguenot parents, whose name must have lieen spelt Ouinniette, and 
 came with them to Liondon after the revocation of the Ktlict of Nantes. 
 He joinc'J the expedition of Nicholsim against Port Royal in 1710, being 
 then about twenty live years old ; was among the first to enter the fort 
 after the ct.ptare, In the following year, having resigned his military 
 position, he married Marie Magdalene Maissonat, a French lady of the 
 Roman Catho!>c faitii, and commenced a life of mercantile pursuits, 
 becoming the pioneer and founder of the commerce of Knglisli Canada. 
 He was a man of good education and much enterprise ; .soon established 
 a large trade between Aimapolis Royal and Roston, and found ready and 
 profitable customers in the French settlements at the head of the Bay of 
 Fundy, Minas Basin, and Cape Breton. Most of tlie vessels by whicii 
 this trade was carried on were built under his own superintendence at 
 Annapolis. He served several years as a member of the Governor's 
 Council at Annapolis, where his children were born, whose services are 
 so largely interwoven with the iiistory of the county and province. 
 Children : 
 
 i. Ann, b. 1712, m. Alexander Cosby, 40th regiment, for many years 
 Lieut. -Governor of the town of Annapolis, and was mother of 
 Phillips Cosby, 7th reji^iinent, who was killed in the service. 
 Her husband d. at Canso, where he held the chief military 
 command in 1741-42, and she for nearly half a century lived at 
 Annapolis, where she was known and respected as "Madam 
 Co.sby." 
 
 ii. Elizabeth, b. 1713, m. John Handheld, afterwards Lieut. -Col. of 
 the 40th regiment and Commandant of the garrison, who super- 
 intended the deportation of the French in 1756. 
 
 iii. Mary Magdalene, b. 1715, m. Edward How (for whom see p. 527). 
 
 iv. Margaret, b. 1717, d. 17J3. 
 v. Charles, d. unm. 
 
 vi. Edward, b. 1722 (Captain of the Warren, 1752). 
 
((?J2 WINNIETT. 
 
 (2) vii. JoHtiph, 1). nlxiiit I72H. 
 
 viii. Mntthnw, Hurvivt^d JoHoph iimiiy yi'urH, Major of Militiii itiid Deputy 
 Pnitlioiiotrtry <if (ho Suprttiiie Court, it witnonH to tlio rHtiticntion 
 of tlio likMt Indiuii TriN>ty, ami huh li witru'NN on Itt-liulf of tliu 
 Aivimcil jiid){(>ii ill ilitt Kri-ikt inipi>iicliiia-iit triul. (MunlocirH 
 " History of N.H.," p. 87.) 
 ix. ilohii, (I. pi'ol)nl)ly iiniii. 
 X. AldXHiiilur, (1. iiiiiii. 
 xi. HiiHHiiiin, III. - I'tki^e. 
 
 2. JosKPii WixNiKTT, horn iihout 1726, miiiTicd [)t'c'('iiil)or 26, 17r)l, 
 Miiry I)yHOii. {Hw mt'iniiir, p. '.VM).) Sli« waH born 1728, iincJ (Jie«i 1804. 
 Hfl died D<H«ml)nr .J. 178!). (.'hildr.'n : 
 
 i. Anne, )>. 17')-. probiihly il. nnni. 
 
 ii. .losoph, 1>. 17i'»r), prohiibly uiiin. Wiw Eniiii{n in the ftrmy, one of the 
 graiitfos of I'orrott, <1. in the Horvic«, I7!*i>- 
 
 iii. Mitry, I). 17r)7, <1. 1811, ni. .lohn Hiwiiilton, 40th ru}{iniunt. 
 
 iv. Eli/aliutli, h. 17)10, d. 1808, in. it Mr. Niinn, of 40tli ruKinumt. 
 
 V, Miir^iirot, h. I7tl2, d. 1811, in. Uohort Wolstloy, itii otKcer of the 
 gitrriHon hehiiiKiii^ to thu Koynl KiigiiiuorH Do|iitrtiiiL'nt. 
 
 vi. Williiiiii, b. 170a, d. Nov., I8'J4, in. 1788, Miiry Totteii, (Ihu. of a 
 LoyikliHt guiitleiiiiiii ; he whm JS'ioriff of the cminty fur Hourly a 
 (|Uiirtor of II century ; witn also Reijistrar of Doedn, and lield 
 Hevitial minor otticuR : Ch. ; 1. tloHoph, b. •fune 17. 1780, in. Mary 
 MatiCnIIu, eldest dau. of Lieut. -Col. MacColht, town iiiajor of 
 HalifiiT, anil was in tlie CoininiNHariat Department in Halifax 
 about 1828 (d. without issue); 2, Hiisan Mary, b. Dec. 10, 1791, 
 d. uniii.; ;J, William RoiiKUi' Wolhklky, b. March '2, 171W ; 
 4, Elizabeth, b. !7?>'', ni. Hev. John Thomas Twining, D.D., and 
 was ni'tliur of H. C. D. Twining, Eh(i., Clerk of the House of 
 Asseinlily, N.S.; 5, Mary Ann, b. April 10, 1700, m. Iteiijaiiiin 
 Lester Peters, of St. John, N.B.. Barrister, Stipendiary Majjis- 
 tratf, etc., and was mother of B. L. Peters, .lud^e of the County 
 Coui't, and several others; 0, George (Jilbert Totteii, b. May 'M, 
 1801, d. unin.; 7, Alexander Howe, b. June 10, ISOM, iii. Sophia 
 Upham ; 8, Isabella Cliailotte, b. .lune 10, 1805, d. nnin.; 
 9, Phillips Cosby Fenwick, b. Oct. U). 1807, d. (in .faiiiaica) 
 unm.; 10, Henry Charles Darling, b. Oct. 18, 1800, d, uiim. ; 
 11, Thomas Williams, b. Dec. 10, 1811, m. (abroad) ; 12, John 
 Thonms Twining, b. April 21, 1814. 
 vii. Alice, b 1708. d. unm 
 viii. Martha, b. 1771, d. unm. 
 
 Sir William Robkrt Wolselev VVinniett, thircl child of Sheriff 
 Winniett und Mary Totten, was born in the house next to that in which 
 General Williams was Iwrn, married Aug. 14, 1828, Augusta Julia, 
 daughter of Col. William Fenwick, R.E., whose mother, Maria Walker, 
 was a sister of the mother of General Williams ; entered the Royal Navy 
 as a midshipman in the Cleopatra ; was wounded in the capture of Ville 
 de Milan, and after a long, varied and faithful service, was in 1848 
 appointed to the Governorship of Cape Coast Colony in West Africa, 
 and Governor-General of the Cape Coast District, and knighted. He 
 had previously been mainly instrumental in procuring the abolition of 
 the practice among the native tribes of offering human sacrifices to 
 
WINNIKTI'— WiSWAr.l,. 
 
 tlifir ^imIn. II«> piiiii \\'\H liiHt visit to Iuh iiativo town in IHIH. Me 
 (iii'd in Afiicii, leaving, it in Itolit'vrd, tlirro cliililii'n living >» liondun. 
 Ht'calliMg liiN visit to Aiin/ipolis in IH(H, tli<> iiutliMi' wrott^ : 
 
 Wlicir MJiH I'm I Hiiyal t>\ I lie rivt'r «ii|t', 
 
 'I'lit'iu III- uiiH liiii'M, iIm'I'c |ia->Mi>i| liJN liiiyliiKMl'N hoiirx, 
 
 Ami pliM'ki'il tii'Ht friiitH of kniiu'liMl|{i' iniilNl itN IIuhi'ih. 
 
 VVIit'ii IiinI I Hiiw liiiii, will, yvl llj^llililMl, 
 
 KikIiiwi'iI witli iiiaiihiiiHrN riiliiiiiiiiti'il |iii\viirH, 
 
 III' wtoiiil iilli'i^Hlnil Hi-|iulrhl'i'N IichMi) 
 
 VN'llt'lu tint'*' Hllri't'MMiolls of Ills fulllui'M krt'J) 
 
 Thuir liliint vi^iU, l)y I'ort Koyivi's iluep. 
 
 It WIIM llJH Ilist full'WI'll to Al'Ullil', 
 
 Till' liiHi uilii'ii ti) HiciH'K III' lovtMJ HO well ! — 
 AliiM ! liitHlutipH not, iiativu t'lii'Mi, in tli»u, 
 
 lint wIlCI'C AtllllltillM I'HHtl'I'll •lilloMH KWvIl 
 
 On Afiii''H roiiNi, liJM dust icpoHirig lies, 
 Kcneulh (liu gu/.o of iilii'n stiiis iiml skiuH, 
 
 Alkxandkk IIowk VVinmktt, sisvciitli child of tin* .SlicrilV, hy hia wife 
 8o])hiii, diiUKlitei' of tlie Into tlud;;!^ I'pliiiin, hud ohildr<>n : 1, VVilliiiin 
 Hufus, 1). 182H, Ml., imd wns killed in the disdiiu'j,'<f of duties as an 
 ein|)loyee of n railroad conipan)' in th»> I'nitwi States, leaving one or 
 more chihhen ; 2, Francis Smith, b, is;il, il. unm.; ."l. Charles Alexander, 
 I). 18;J4, d. lH;{f<; 4, Rose, h. IH'M], living in Kin^s County, N.S., the 
 only m«*mher of the family healing the name now in Nova Scotia. He 
 removed to Northumherland County, Ont., and died there, hut his widow, 
 with her flau;,'hter, returned to this Province, and died Auj,'ust, 1889. 
 The author, in an obituary, speaks of her as one of his oldest friends, to 
 whom he was "indebted for many worrls of encouragement and direction." 
 
 WiswAi,!,. (See memoir of the lion. Peleg Wiswall, M.P.P.) The 
 Rev. John VViswall's grandfather was Ichabod'-' Wiswall, wlio was born 
 in I.4incashire, and came when an infant with his father. Rev. John 
 Wiswall, and four or five brothers to New England. He studied three 
 years at Harvard University, but withdrew without taking a degree. 
 He applied himself to the study of divinity, and preached some time to a 
 small colony that went from Massachusetts to Cape Fear. He after- 
 wards went to sea and married on the island of Arrowsick, where he 
 preached, and at length retui-ned, and was ordained pastor of the first 
 church at Duxbury, Plymouth Colony, where he married his second wife. 
 He opposed the annexation of Plymouth Colony to that of Massochusetts 
 Bay, preferring that it should l)e united to Rhode Tsland, or New York. 
 He died 1695. He was accomplished both as a classical and mathe- 
 matical scholar, and also ir. the then fashionable science of astrology, and 
 was, moreover, a poet and a musician. He left one surviving son, Ptleg,'' 
 who was born 1686, graduated at Harvard in 1702, and soon afttr 
 
034 WISWALI-. 
 
 leaving college went as chaplain of a " letter of mar({ue " ship, and later 
 went to sea as a maritime merchant and trader, but devoted more of his 
 time to the pursuit of a knowledge of the countries he visited than to the 
 pursuit of gain, and closed his life as teacher of the Boston School. He 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Rogers, of Ipswich, of an old 
 Massachusetts family, who were long supposed to be descended from 
 Rogers the martyr, until able genealogists disproved the tradition. The 
 Rogers family of Yarmouth, N.S., is a branch of the same family. He 
 left by her four children, Elizabeth, Daniel, Piiscilla and John.^ John 
 Wisw\LL entered Harvard in 1745 and graduated 1749, aged 18. He 
 taught school at various places, and it length was ordained to the 
 ministry at Casco in 175o, after having preached about a year. December 
 31, 1761, he married Merc;y, daughter of John Minot, of Brunswick, JNle. 
 Coaforming to the Church of England, he founded in 1701 St. Paul's 
 Church at Falmouth, now Portland, Me. In 1762 he was deranged for a 
 few months, but wholly and permanently lecovered. Going to England for 
 the purpose, he was by the Bishop of London ordained Deacon, December 
 22, 1764, and Priest, February, 176r). Whilt he continued Rector of St. 
 Paul's the "cruel revolution" broke out, when "it became a crime to honour 
 the king, even in him who had learned to fear Goil." In 1775 he fled to 
 Boston, from which city he addressed the following letter to Mr. Hind, 
 Secretary of the S.P.G. Society, dated May 30th, 1775 : 
 
 " Since my last the disorders of the eaxtern country have grown to so great a pitch 
 that I have been obliged to flee to this town for protection. On Tuesday, the 9th of 
 May, while walking with Mr. Mowat, commander of one of His Majesty'p ships, 
 then in the harbour, on a hill contiguous to the town, and apprehensive of no danger, 
 we were on a sudden surrounded b.. a bodv of men arinetl with iiusijuets and 
 bayonets, wlio commanded us to surrender ou selves ])risoner8. We were with tliis 
 company of banilitti (which consisted of sixty-seven men commanded by one Tlionip- 
 son, their colonel) three hours and a half Insfore the people of Falmouth were made 
 acquainted with our situation, during whicli time we were greatly insulted and 
 abused, and in great danger of Ixjing shot to death. They had lain there in ambush 
 from Sunday, and their intention was (as their colonel informed us) to have surpri.sed 
 us in church, but contrary winds prevented their arrival in season. By one o'clock 
 the townspeople an<l the country folks in the neighbouring towns were informed of 
 our situation, and a large body of men appeared upon the hill where we were — most 
 of them with the intention to carry us into the country and confine us there j but 
 some of the townsmen began to intercede for our liberty, being induced thereto by 
 the spirited conduct of Captain Mowat's lieutenant, who, upon information of the 
 danger we we''e in, sent out his boats, and ar.'.ong others had seized J. Preble, Es((., 
 of Falmouth, who had been appointed by the provincial congress (teneral of the 
 eastern forces, and by lettc.- assured the select-men of his resolution to fire from tiie 
 ships upon the town, unless we were immediately disnussed. After much altercation 
 it was agreed to carry us to a tavern at the entrance to the town, where we were 
 guarded by a body of near three hundred men. The officers of the militia, after some 
 debate, agreed to dismiss us for that night, E. Freeman, select-man of the town, and J. 
 Preble, Esq., being bound for our forthcoming in the morning. As we were retiring, 
 though guarded by the "cadet company of the town, one of the mob fired at us, but 
 
WISWALL. 635 
 
 providentially we eaciiped unhurt. The next morning the ofticers sent for Captain 
 Mowat, who (as was his duty) refused to go from His Majesty's ship. By this time 
 they were joined by several other companies from the country and made up a b(,dy 
 of five hundred armed men. They possessed themselves of a large house in the centra 
 of the town belonging to one of my parisiiioners, and converted it into a barrack, turn • 
 ing out the family, including his wife, though sick in bed, and pillaged the house of 
 almost everj'thing that was valuable. Tliey forced me in the afternoon to appear 
 before them. I was strictly examined and tpiestifmed by their leaders, and it gave 
 me pleasure that I could assure them tiiat I had never in my sermons so much as 
 glani'cd at their political disputes, tnough I declared that the severest punishment, 
 nor the fear of death, sliould tempt me to violate my oath of allegiance to King 
 George, and of canonical obedience to my Diocesan, and I would not conform to 
 their provincial congress, nor deviate from the rules of the Church of England, nor 
 the instructions I had received from the venerable Soc'dty for the P. (J. in foreign 
 parts whose .servant I was, and that I was resolved, liy (!od's help, that no temp- 
 tation should prevail with me to do, or even promise to do, anything unworthy my 
 ministerial character. 
 
 " I was then allowed to retire to my house. The next day tliey placed a guard 
 at another of my parishioners' houses and carried away all his plate. They i)er- 
 mitted me upon my parole to walk about town unguarded, aiul on Saturdaj' I made 
 my escape on board the king's ship, having g()o<l rea.son to believe tliat they intended 
 to carry me away with them and confine me close prisoner in the country. On 
 Sunday I read jirayers and preached on board the ship, and on Monday having 
 received a letter from tny churchwardens, we put to sea, and the next Sunday I 
 arrived at this place, where I am witiiout money and without clothing, and my 
 family at more than one hundred miles from me— my wife and three children 
 destitute of l)read, among enemies who bear the greatest malice to the Church of 
 p]ngland ; my little flock persecuted and many of them obliged to flee from their 
 dwellings. 
 
 " I liave not been able to hear from Falmouth since I have been at Boston, as no 
 letters are suffered to pass by land, nor has there 1)een an • communication by water. 
 It afl'ords me no little consolation when I rofiect that my misfortunes do not arise 
 from any disatlection of my people to me or to government, foi' they continue to con- 
 tribute all in their power to my comfort and happiness ; but all they "an now do is 
 to wisfi me well. Most of them, and the most considerable, strictly adhere to the 
 line of their duty, and continue to be firm friends to the government, ami it is for 
 this that they suffer persecution by an infatuated people urged on by the prayers 
 and sermons of their preachers to the most atrocious acts of rebellion." 
 
 He was made chaplain of a regiment in Boston, and was afterwards a 
 chaplain in the navy, his son Peleg accoinpanj'ing him in tiie ship, and 
 his journal contains very interesting accounts of some important engage- 
 ments wliich he witnessed. At the close of the war, after a visit to Eng- 
 land, he was appointed Rector of Cornwallis, and a little later became 
 Rector of Wiimot, in this county, which place he filled until his death. 
 He preached the first sermon ever preached on Hanley Mountain. He 
 married (2nd) Mary Hutchinson, widow. He had children : 
 
 i. Peleg, b. 1703, m. (Ist) Oct. 18, 1792, Seraph Cut'gr, (2nd) Mary 
 Nichols; Ch. : (only) Mary, m. Charles Budd, M.P.P. (See 
 memoir of Hon. Peleg Wiswall, M.P.P.) 
 
686 WISWALL — WITHERSPOON. 
 
 ii, Jolin, h. ITfif), WHS long n highly respected magistrate and respected 
 and imeful farmer, m. 1700, Hesdcliah Cutler (dau. of Ehenezer): 
 Ch. : 1, James P., b. 1801, d. 1878, m. Minetta Wheelock (dau. of 
 Abel), and had 10 ch. ; 2, Charles, d. unm. ; 3, Mercy, d. unm. ; 
 4, Miriam, d. unm. These ladies long conducted an excellent 
 boarding school for young ladies, at Wilmot. 6, Seraph, m. Ben- 
 jamin Smith, of St. John, N.B., a wealthy banker and broker ; 
 she was his third wife, mother of Dr. Peleg W. Smith, Sheriff of 
 Digby ; Benjamin Smith, barrister, of Kentville, and of Eliza, who 
 m. Alexander McNab, C.E. ; (5, John, d. unm. 
 
 iii. Elizabeth, b. 1767. 
 
 iv. Bradstreet, b. 17<>y, d. 1773. 
 
 V. Robert, b. 1772, d. 1773. 
 
 Four names representing this good old family appear in 1896 on the 
 voters' lists of the county as of persons qualifying on the anciently known 
 " Wiswall liomestead," Charles James Wiswall, Abel Maynard Wiswall, 
 Edwin Gilpin Wiswall, and John Wiswall. 
 
 WiTiiERSPoos, or Weatheuspoon. John Witherspoon was one of 
 the earliest settlers in Annapolis County, having been here as early as 
 1757, when he was captured by Indians while cutting wood on the 
 mountain near the fort, and taken away to Quebec, where he was kept a 
 prisoner until the capture of the city by Wolfe in 1759. Ho wrote a 
 journal, as tradition say.s, with tobacco juice mixed with blood drawn 
 from his person, and concealed it every night among the cinders lest it 
 should be taken away from him by the sentinel. A copy (from a copy 
 written many years ago and stiil preserved in the family) was published 
 among the transactions of the Nova Hcotia Historical Society for 1879-80, 
 and is exceedingly interesting. At a date so remote, it would seem 
 .probal)le that Mr. Witherspoon, although from Massachusetts, carne here 
 in some employment connected with the army, like Runisey, LeCain and 
 others. Tn the census of 1770 he was at Granville, where .some of his 
 descendaiits are now among the most prominent citizens. He was then 
 head of a household of eight persons — one man (probably hired), his wife, 
 three boys and three girls. He married in Massachusetts, but it is not 
 known who his wife was. His children were, as far as can now be given, 
 as follows : 
 
 i. James, b. Aug. 9, 1802. 
 
 (2) ii. Joseph. 
 
 (3) iii. John. 
 
 iv. Rose, m. Daniel Wade. 
 V. Mary, m. 1783, Thomas Fowler. 
 
 2. Joseph Weatherspoon married, 1793, Mercy Hardy, and had 
 
 children : 
 
 i. John, b. 1794, m. Rebecca Edgett (dau. of Joel) : Ch.: 1, Cynthia, 
 
 m. John Milner ; 2, Alton, d. unm. 
 ii. Benjamin, b. 1795, d. 1823, unm. 
 
VVEATHERSPOON — WOODBURY. 637 
 
 iii, Joseph, b. 17W, went ubioud. 
 
 iv. Jiunea, h. 1801, m. 
 
 V. Aaron, b. 1805, ni. Dec. 31, 183«, Eliza Halliilay (dau. of Jolin) : 
 Cli.: 1, Lucy, ni. James Oliver ; 2, Cynthia, ui. Moses Oliver ; 3, 
 Benjamin, ui. Adeline Spiirr, nee Milner ; 4, Ann, m. We.sley 
 Hudson ; 6, John, unni.; fi, Aaron, m. Bes.sie Purdy (no issue); 
 7, Mary, m. Ebonezer Young ; 8, Alanda, m. Joseph Van- 
 Blarcom. 
 
 3. John Weatherspoon, Jun., born 1765, married, Oct. 12, 1790, 
 Elizabeth Mills. Children : 
 
 i. David, m. Elizabeth, dau. of William Mills, and had ch. : 1, Maria 
 Ann. b. 1820, m. Silas Troop ; 2, William Mills, b. 1822, m. 
 Elizabeth B. Troop ; 3, Hannah Eliza, b. 1825, m. Robert Deiap. 
 
 ii. Ann, ni. (lat) William Winchester, (2nd) James Winchester. 
 
 iii. James, b. 1802, m. Mary Amberman : Ch.: 1, Keziah, b. 1821, m. 
 Joseph Gilliatt ; 2, John, b. 1824 ; 3, Phebe Ann, b. 1820, m. 
 William Harris ; Elizabeth, b. 1828, ni. Jacob Bent ; 5, Mary 
 Jane, b. 1830, m. Joseph Potter (son of John) ; (>, Susan, b. 
 1832. 
 
 iv. Robert, m. Ann Mills : Ch. : 1, Hannah, m. Joseph Halfyard. 
 
 Woodbury. The pioneers of the Woodbury families in this county 
 were Jonathan and Isaac, who were uncle and nephew, the latter being 
 a son of Elisha. They were descended from John Woodbury, who was 
 born about 1579, and came from Somersetshire, England, and settled at 
 Salem, Mass., where he was a leading man, and was .sent by his fellow- 
 colonists to England to secure a patent for their land. The line of 
 descent is through his eldest son Humphrey,'^ Thomas," Jonathan,* 
 Jonathan," Elislia" (father of Isaac") and Jonathan". The latter, born in 
 Haverhill, Mass., 1737, and baptized in Salem, N.H., 1738, came first to 
 Yarmouth, where in 1763, his household is returned as consisting of five 
 members living on a one-acre lot on Cape Forchue river. His name 
 appears as one of the grantees of the township in 1767, and in the 
 "scheme of division " he appears as owner of 163 acres in the first, 539 
 in the second, and 154 in the third division. Mr. Woodbury was a 
 physician by profession ; came from Yarmouth to Granville and thence 
 to Wilmot, and died in 1830, aged 93. He married (1st) 1760, in 
 Massachusetts, Lydia, daughter of Dr. Foster; she died in 1808; (2nd) 
 in Nova Scotia, December 12, 1811, Lorena,* daughter of Jeremiah 
 Sabin, who came to Sissiboo (Weymouth) probably from Marblehead, 
 Mass. She died November 10, 1853, aged 80. Children : 
 
 i. Lydia, b, 1760, m. Christopher Baltzor. 
 
 (2) ii. Tester, b. 1763. 
 
 iii. Hannah, b. 1764, m. Philip Thorne. 
 
 (3) iv. William Fairfield, b. March 15, 1766. 
 
 V. Lovefrey, b. 1768, m. Jonathan Smith. 
 
 * She was a sister of the Editor's father's mother. 
 
638 WOODUUFIY. 
 
 vi. Eniinii Harris, 1>. 1770, d. unni. 
 vii. Manley Gates, b. 1778, cl. iinin. 
 
 By second wife : 
 viii. Jonathan (M.D.), ni. Mury Eliza Randall : Ch.: 1, Jessie, d. unm.; 
 
 2, Robert, ni. Laleah Inglis ; 3, Arthur C, d. unui. ; 4, Ellen, d. 
 unm. 
 
 ix. Lorena, 1). 1813. m. (lat) Robert Woodbury; (2nd) William H. 
 Chipman, of Bridgetown (his 2nd w.). 
 
 2. Foster WooDUfHY was born in 1763, and probably came to 
 Yarmouth an infant, with his parents. He married, 1784, Elizabeth 
 Webber, who was Ijorn 176.J, and had children: 
 
 i. Elizabeth, b. 1785, d. unm. 
 ii. Lydia, b. 1787, m. Samuel Dod^e. 
 
 ill. Fi)8ter, b. 178J), m. Elizabeth Simpson: Ch.: 1, Foster, m. Mary 
 Johnston, lu'e Little (no issue) ; 2, Simpson, m. Miriam Wheelock ; 
 
 3, Thcmias, m.; 4, Eliza, m. (lat) William Parker, (2nd) John 
 Vidito ; 5, Mary, d. unm. (burnt to death). 
 
 iv. Jonathan, b. 17'J1, m. 1820, Elizabeth Charlton : Ch.: 1, Ellon, d. 
 unm.; 2, Ellen, b. 1821, m. Oliver Foster; 3, Caroline, b. 1822, 
 ni. Adolphus Fo.ster ; 4, Mary, b. 1823, m. Leonard Fitch ; 5, 
 Jonathan, b. 182H, m. Griselda Sanders ; 0, Austin, b. 1828, m. 
 Susan Jane Murray ; 7, Lucy, b. 1830, m. John Fitch ; 8, Eliza- 
 beth, b, 1831, m. Rev. George Weathers ; 9, Edward, b. 1833, d. 
 uum. ; 10, Beecher, b. 1835, m. Mehitable Woodbury. 
 
 V. Phebe, b. 1703, m. Benjamin Willett. 
 
 vi. Mary, b. 17SM), m. Hrooke Watson Chipman. 
 vii. Joseph, b. 1798, d. unm. 
 viii. Susanna, b. 1800, d. 1801. 
 
 ix. Lucy, b. 1800, d. unm. 
 
 3. William Faikfield Woodbury was born in Yarmouth, N.S., 
 March 15, 1766, and is .said to have been the first English male child 
 born in Yarmouth. He married, 1791, Mary, daughter of Austin 
 Smith, and had children : 
 
 i. Austin b. 1792, m. Elizabeth Bayard, dau. of John Ruggles : Ch. : 
 1, James, m. Jessie Barry ; 2, George (J. P.), d. unm.; 3, Louisa, 
 m. Edward Barnaby. 
 ii. Jonathan, b. 1793, m. Frances Ruggles (dau. of John): Ch.: 1, 
 William Fairfield, d. unm.; 2, Gilbert W., m. Elizabeth Spinney; 
 3, Charles, m. Elizabeth Bishop ; 4, Austin, m. Sarah Jane 
 Spinney ; 5, Adelaide, m. Edward Fuller ; 6, Eliza, m. William 
 West ; 7, Mehitable, m. Beecher Woodbury ; 8, John Ruggles, 
 m. Lizzie Heritage ; 9, Robert, m. Augusta Heritage ; 10, Lucilla, 
 m John Taft. 
 iii. Mehitable, b. 1795, d. unm. 
 iv. Mary, b. 1797, d. 1797. 
 
 V. William Fairfield, b. 1798, m. Mary Jane King (dau. of John King, 
 R.N.): Ch.: 1, George Leander, d. unm.; 2, Egbert "Sydney, d. 
 unm.; 3, Matilda H., m. James J. Reagh ; 4, Gertrude J., d. 
 unm. 
 vi, Manley, b. 1800, d. 1807. 
 vii. James, b. 1803, d. 1817. 
 viii. Mary, b. 1805, m. Luther Morse. 
 
WOODBURY — YOUNO. 639 
 
 ix. Foster, b. 1807, ai Maria Morton: Ch.: 1, Oeorge, ni. (lives 
 abroad) ; 2, Louisa, in. (Ist) H. A. Borden, (2nd) — Mitchell ; 
 3, Susan, ni. Joseph Deniiison, M.D. ; 4, Mary, m. James Mc- 
 Phail ; 5, Norman ; (i, Harry. 
 X. Harriet, b. 180i), m. John Dodge, 
 xi. Matilda, b. 1811, m. Joseph Morton. 
 
 xii. Francis, b. 18i:i, m. Elizabeth Congdon : Ch.: Hibbert (D.D.S.), b. 
 1842, m. 1881, Laleah VVeatherspuon, dau. of William M.; 2, 
 Maria, m. (Jeorge Bell, M.D.; ^^, Frank (D.D.S.), b. 1843, ni. 
 Jessie B. Troop, 
 xiii. Lucilla, b. 1815, ni. John Foster. 
 
 Isaac Woodbuuy married (1st) Hannah Clark, (2nd) Mary Fowler, 
 nix St. Croix. Children : 
 
 i. Edward, b. 1793, m. 1816, Betsey Marchant : Ch.; 1, Hepzibah Ann, 
 b. 1815, m. Robert Neily ; 2, Isaac, b. 1818, m. (1st) Hannah 
 Robinson, (2nd) Phebe Merry ; 3, William Henry, b. 1820, m. 
 Margaret Neily (dau. of (ieorge) ; 4, Mary Jane, b. 182.'{, m. 
 Charles Foster ; 5, Hannah, b. 1825, m. Joseph Hudson ; (>, 
 Gilbert Fowler, d. unm.; 7, Harriet Ann, b. 1833, m. Charles 
 Covert ; 8, Ennueline, b. 1834, m. Richard Forsyth ; 9, James 
 Edward, b. 18;i7, m. Helen Welt(m ; 10, Elizabeth, m. (Ist) 
 William Henry Pearce, (2nd) Reis Goucher ; 11, Louisa, d. unm. 
 ii. Hannah, d. uum. 
 By seccmd wife. 
 
 iii. Isaac, b. June 8, 1798, d. 1863, m. (Ist) 1823, Martha Chute, (2nd), 
 Elizabeth Brotha, wid. of James Orde and Peter Lony : Ch.: 1, 
 John Gauladette, b. 1825, m. Naomi, dau. of John C. Wilson, Escj. 
 
 iv. Mary, b. April 23, 1800, m. (1st) James DeLancey Harris, (2nd) 
 
 William B., son of Rev. Cyrus Perkins. 
 V. Elisha, b. April 3, 1802, m. Nancy C, dau. of James Harris, Esq. : 
 Ch.: 1, Rachel Maria, m. Abraham Balcom ; 2, Chalmers, m. 
 Sarah Jane Whitman. 
 
 Young. Samuel Young, with three sons, Ichabod, Robert and Job, 
 came to this province in 1760-61, from the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 
 and settled near Belleisle. tchabod married and remained in Granville 
 several years, but returned to Massachusetts, and later mijjrated 
 farther west, probably to the valley of the Ohio. It is said that the late 
 Brigham Young, the apostle of Mormonism, was his grandson. Robert 
 was probably married before his arrival here, but his wife died soon after, 
 and he married again and raised a second family. He, too, and the 
 major part of his children went back to Massachusetts, or to Maine. 
 The lots which the Youngs took up included what is still known as 
 Young's Mountain, and Young Cove, extending, as did the others, from 
 the river to the shore of the Bay of Fundy. William and Samuel, sons 
 of Job, settled in Wilraot ; and Joseph and John married and settled in 
 what is now Digby County, whence a descendant removed to Yarmouth 
 County, and became a leading ship-owner there, but, after financial 
 reverses, died in California, where he had spent some years in his earlier 
 days. 
 
640 YOUNG. 
 
 Job Youno, b. 1741, in. 1 7G;i, Hannah, dau. of Nath. Barnes. Children : 
 
 i. William, h. 17()4, m. 17!M), Mimm Parker: Ch. : I, Susanna, b. 
 175»1, u\. Diiniel McC(.rinick ; 2. Miriam, i). 17!>2, m. (1st) 1818, 
 Ann Wade, (2nd) Elizii VVadu, nir Troop ; 4, Edward Thome, b. 
 17!M}, m. (Ist) Mary Charlton, (2nd) Maria Rutleo ; 5, Job, b. 
 17!>8, m. Elizabeth Leonard (dau. of Abiel) ; «, Maria, b. 1802, 
 m. James Tobin. of Digby ; 7, Margaret, b. 1805 ; 8, Hannah, b. 
 1807, m. George S. Hawkeaworth ; !(, Statyra, b. 1800, m. James 
 Budd; 10, Curoline, b. 1811, m. Ward Neily ; 11, (Jeorge Fox, 
 b 18UJ. ni. Caroline Durland ; 12, Deborah, b. 1816, m. Adam 
 Durland ; 13, Eilwood, b. 1817, m. Eliza Bohaker. 
 
 ii. Samuel, b. 1705, m. 1700, Lydia Morse (dau. of Abner) : Ch, : 
 
 1, Samuel, b. 1707, m. (Ist) Sophia Spring, ne'e Haines, (2nd) 
 Elizabeth Carty ; 2, Sarah, b. 1700, m. Abram Covert ; 3, Abigail, 
 b. 1802, m. John Uaines ; 4, (Iraee, b. 1804, ni. Lsaac Dodge ; 
 
 5, Lydia, b. 1805, m. Jacob Davis ; (!. Mary Ann, b. 1808, m. 
 Hardy Parker ; 7, Miriam, b. 1810, m. Ennis Munroe ; 8, Joseph, 
 b. 1811, m. Eliza Young ; 0, Aaron, b. 1813, m. Mary Berteaux ; 
 10, Mo.ses, b. 1815, m. C.itharine Neily. 
 
 iii. Joseph, b. 1709, ni. Rachel Moore: Ch.: 1, .losejjh, d. unni. ; 
 '2, Lindley, m. Isabel Mackintosh (no i.ssue) ; 3, Phebe, m. (in 
 Belfast, Ireland) ; 4, Rachel, m. William Y. McClintock ; 6, 
 Rebecca, d. unm. 
 
 iv. Hannah, b. 1708, m. James Parker. 
 
 V. Timothy, b. 1771, d. 1824, m. 170(), Abigail Fletcher: Ch.: 1, David, 
 b. 1707, m. 1821, Sarah Bent (dau. of Seth) ; 2, Phebe, b. 1801, m. 
 William Nichols ; 3, Harriet, b. 1803, m. Caleb Morgan ; 4, Mary 
 Ann, b. 1805, m. Henry Milbury ; 5, Susanna, b. 1808, m. Henry 
 Munroe; 6, Elizabeth, b. 1811, m. Nelson Che.sley; 7, Israel, b. 1814, 
 m. (1st) — Parker, (2nd) Mary Ann McGregor ; 8, John, b. 1817. 
 
 vi. Job, b. 1773, m. 1800, Mary Wade : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. 1801 ; 
 
 2, Silas, b. 1804, ni. Caroline ; 3, Alfred, b. 1800, m. (1st) Amy 
 Merritt, (2nd) Charlotte Covei t ; 4, Joseph, b. 1808 ; 5, Marion, 
 b. 1811, m. Abel Wade ; 6, Christina, b. 1813, m. Abraham 
 
 . Gesner ; 7, Amasa, b. 1815, m.; 8, James, b. 1818; 9, Charles, 
 b. 1820, m. Eunice Wade ; 10, William, b. 1823. 
 
 vii. John, b. 1776, m. Mnry Ann Bailey: Ch.: 1, William Henry, m. 
 Elizabeth Saxton ; 2, Stephen, m. (Ist) Mary Dorothea Rice, 
 (2nd) Rebecca Smith, nee Winchester ; 3, Phebe Ann, m. George 
 Dakin ; 4, Mary Elizabeth, m. Phineas Burns : 5, Cynthia Jane, 
 m. William Journeay ; 0, John, m. Lydia Hibbert ; 7, Hannah 
 Parker, d. unm.; 8, Margaret, unm.; 9, Job, m. (Ist) Elizabeth 
 Journeay, (2nd) Kate Abrams, nee Praisall. 
 
 viii. Nathaniel, b. 1777, m. Polly Cotton (no issue). 
 
 ix. Robert, b. 1779, m. (1st) 1800, Mary Dench, (2nd) 1824, 
 
 Miriam Moody: Ch.: 1, Patience, b. 1801, m. Thomas Wright; 
 
 2, Ebenezer, b. 1804, d. unm,; 3, Robert, b. 1806, d. unm.; 
 
 4, Elizabeth, b. 1809, m. Joseph Young ; 5, Nathan, b. 1811 ; 
 
 6, Lucy, b. 1813, m. Nathan Doudall ; (by 2nd wife) : 7, Mary, 
 b. 1828, m. Abraham Bent ; 8, Robert, b. 1830, d. unm. ; 9. 
 Ebenezer, b. 1831, m. (Ist) Keziah White, (2nd) Mary Wither- 
 spoon ; 10, John, b. 1833 ; 11. Israel, b. 1835, m. Francis LeCain. 
 
 X. Sarah, b. 1780, d. unm. 
 
 xi. Abraham, b. 1784, m. Hannah Wade : Ch. : 1, James, m. Sarah 
 Bettinson ; 2, Thomas, m. Lois Durland ; 3, Daniel, m. Cnroline 
 W^ilson ; 4, Calvin, m. Famitcha Troop ; 5, Hiram, m. Mary 
 Ann VanBlarcom ; 6, Abraham, m. (Ist) Jane Young, (2nd) 
 
 Abigail Sproule, (3rd) ; 7, Isaiah, m. Elizabeth Covert ; 
 
 8, Hannah, m. Darius O. Nutter ; 9, Isaac, m. Phebe VanBlarcom ; 
 10, Eliza, unm. ; 11, Jacob, unm. <- , 
 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 2. On discovering and entering the mouth of SissilxM) River 
 on June 10th, 1604, Demonts and Champhiin named it Port Sainte 
 Marguerite, St. Margaret. It was no doubt on Long Island that the 
 priest D' Aubrey was lost. The full name and addition of Deraonts was 
 Timothe Pierre Du Guast, Sieur de Monts. From Du (j uast comes the 
 modern French and Acadian name, Dugas. 
 
 Page 5. Poutrincourt, a Picardy gentleman, was Jean de Biencourt, 
 Sieur de Poutrincourt. 
 
 Page 7. The names of the two lonely occupants of the fort in July, 
 1606, were LeTaille and Miquelet. 
 
 Pages 9, 256. Poutrincourt was " Lord of the Manor " by transfer 
 from Demonts in 1605, which was confirmed by the King in 1607. It 
 was Poutrincourt's design to settle his family in America. 
 
 Page 11. The Masonic Stone. — This stone is here and at pages 17 
 and 31 spoken of as bearing the date 1609. Hon. Sandford Fleming, 
 C.M.G., who took it to Toronto for Mr. R. G. Haliburton, to deposit it in 
 the Canadian Institute, says the same in a book written by him, but he 
 may have followed Murdoch, who had never seen it. Through the care- 
 lessness of some official or servant of the Institute it was used by the 
 masons in the wall of an addition to their building, and authorities differ 
 so as to the real date that we must ever remain as much in the dark 
 about it as the stone is. I have even heard a tradition that it was 1605, 
 and that Haliburton, when he wrote his history, pp. 155, 156, had not yet 
 seen it, but spoke from a written description by its finder. If dated 
 1 605, it might have been meant to mark the beginning of their first edifice 
 — part of the corner-stone. A discussion on the subject appears in the 
 proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts for 1891. Dr. 
 Jackson was about to take the stone away to present it to the " Pilgrim. 
 Society" of Plymouth, when Mr. Haliburton fortunately, as we 
 would naturally say, but as the event proved, unfortunately, secured it. . 
 Dr. Jackson, M-riting in 1856, says he found it on the shore of Goat. 
 Island ; Haliburton in his History, in 1829, seems to intimate that it was . 
 found by the doctor on the point or peninsula of the Granville shore, 
 41 
 
642 ADDITIONS AND COIUIPXTIONS. 
 
 opposite the Tslanr). Ilotli agree tlmt the «hvte on the stone was IfiOt), 
 although Halibui'toii says the "6 " was worn and indiNtinct. Dr. JaclcHun 
 anya it was a gravestone ; lialiburton says it was phiced on the point 
 by the Freneli to mark " the date of their first cultivation of tlie 
 soil, in memorial <ȣ their formal possession of the country." But 
 this is evidently wrong, because for such a purpose they would surely 
 use a national, and not a Masonic emblem; and they tirst cultivated the 
 «oil by planting a garden in 1605, and their cornfields planted in the 
 year of the date on the stone were, as has lieen shown, on the point or 
 cape within the present site of the town. If the date was 1600, it was 
 probably part of a gravtistone commemorating the man whose death 
 from wounds inflicted by Indians during Poutrincourt's voyage south, 
 occurred at the fort in November, 1606. (See pages 7 and H, ante.) 
 
 There is in the library of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts a rare 
 book entitled "Ahiman IIkzov of the Grand Lodge of Nova Hcotia," 
 written in 1786, giving a history of Masonry in the Province to that 
 date. In it the following statements are made : "From Europe the Royal 
 Art crussed the Atlantic with the first emigrants. . . . It is said to 
 have been known in Nova Scotia while in the hands of the French." 
 
 Pages 16, 17, 182. It was not until after Chapter II. was printed 
 that my attention was called to Rev. Dr. Patterson's valuable papers 
 read before the Royal Society of Canada on Sir William Alexander's 
 colony and " The Last Years of Charles de Biencourt." The former, page 
 92, makes it clearer than is shown in these pages, that the survivors of 
 Argall's raid, under the leadership of Latour, and as has been generally 
 understood, of Biencourt, being wholly deserted by France, made full 
 submission to the authority of Alexander. But the long-received opinion 
 that Biencourt died about 1623 is shaken by Dr. Patterson's recent 
 discovery of two old MSS. offered for sale in Paris, one showing that 
 Charles Biencourt de Poutrincourt, born 1583, died about 1638, "son of 
 Sieur de Poutrincourt, governor in Acadia for M. Demonts " ; and the 
 other being a receipt of Charles de Biencourt, Sieur de Poutrincourt, for 
 three thousand livres as his salary for a year as Director of the King's 
 Academy, and dated December 31, 1621. It is hard to reconcile these 
 interesting documents with the statements relied on by Murdoch, Vol. I., 
 p. 67, viz.: that of Champlain, Vol. II., p. 92, in 1624, that Biencourt 
 (whose then recent death it is supposed he had not yet heard of) had tlien 
 lived eighteen years in Acadie ; and that of Latour, in a petition by him 
 j(to the King cited by French writers, dated at Lomeron, in Acadie, July 
 •35, 1627, that Biencourt had died in Acadie four years previously. Bien- 
 ccourt, when he was sent to France by his father in 1610, is said to have 
 i.been about nineteen, and it would therefore seem that he must have 
 ibeeo born in 1591, eight years later than the one who ia now found 
 
ADDITIONS AND (OKUKCTIONH. 848 
 
 ill Kriince i' 1621 and HI.'iH. A wclI-rPttd correHpondent* assures uu' it 
 was not uncommon in France in tiiose days for two sons to be jjiven tlie 
 saints Christian name, and lie distinguislied by titular designations or 
 "surnamos"; and that the Charh^sde IJieneourt, Sieur de Poutrincourt in 
 1621, might be a Ijrotlier of tl>e Charles de Biencourt, Baron de St. Just, 
 of Acadian fame and misfortune. When Poutrincourt set sail from St. Just, 
 in Champagne, in February, 1610, it is said that he had with him his 
 eldest son, Charles de Hiencourt, and a younger son, Jac(|ue8 de Bien- 
 court de Salazar.t 
 
 Pages 28, 4:^ 44. D'Aulnay died in 1G50. His grant of Hog Island 
 to Jiourgeois must have been at least ten years prior to the date indicated 
 on pages 43 and 44. 
 
 Page 82. The words "and Mascarene " at the end of the title of Chap- 
 ter VI., are due to a clerical error. Jean (John) Paul Mascarene was born 
 at Castras in Languedoc, France, in 1684, of un old and excellent family. 
 His father was Jean Ma.scarene, and his mother Margaret de Salavy. 
 His father after long imprisonment as a Huguenot, was transported from 
 France, and young Paul was brought up by an uncle, Ciesar Mascarene, 
 and his father's mother, Louise de Balarand. His father never saw him 
 after he was two years old, but died at Utrecht in 1698, aged thirty-eight 
 years, two days before the son succeedetl in reaching Utrecht from 
 Geneva to meet him. In 1707 Paul Mascarene was naturalized as a 
 British subject, and commissioned Lieutenant. In 1720 he was in 
 command of the British forces at Placentia, Newfoundland; but in 1721 
 we find he had returned to Annapolis. In 1750 he retired on the pay of 
 a Colonel of foot, and died in Boston, January 22nd, 1760. He married 
 Elizabeth Perry, of Boston, who died January Ist, 1729, leaving a son 
 and two daughters. J. Mascarene Hubbard, Es(|., of Boston, is a 
 descendant. 
 
 Pages 122-144. I am gratified to find that Dr. Bourinot, a gentleman 
 of Jersey extraction, and therefore not to be suspected of Acadian or 
 Franco-Canadian prejudices, in his recent excellent work, " The Story of 
 Canada," p. 198, characterizes as "atrocious" the scheme for the depor- 
 tation of the Acadians succe.ssfully executed by Lawrence. Here I may 
 
 * Mr. Placide P. (iaudet, Acadian genuulogist. He givos four cxainples, of which 
 I will citf three : Denis Gaudet, his ancestor, h. in France, 1012, ni. Martine Gau- 
 tior, buried at Port Royal, October II, 17(M>, left two sons, — Pierre, the elder, b. 
 1651, m. Anne Blanchard, and settled at BeaubaMsin ; and Pierre, the younger, b. 
 1054, settled at Port Royal : Pierre Conieau, b. in France in 1005, ni. Kose Bayola, 
 had two sons Pierre, one b. 1052, dif L'esturgeon ; the other, b. 1660, dit des Loups 
 Marins : and Jean Belli veau, b. 1651, son of Antoine Belli veau and Andr^e Guion, 
 m. Jeanne Bourque, and had four sons, of whom two were Jean, the elder, b. 1672, 
 in. Cecile Melanson, and removed in 1728 to Tracadie, P.E.I. ; the younger, b. 1674, 
 in. Marie Madelaine Melanson, d. at Port Royal, September 13, 1707, from a wound 
 i-eceived <luring the siege of that year. For all this he tiuotes parish records with 
 which he is familiar. 
 
 tMoreau, " Histoire de I'Acadie Fran9ai8e," Paris, 187 J. 
 
644 ADUITIONH AND ('OltKE(m(>NH. 
 
 remark thiit M. Richard'H Hevcrn ficiiuncintinn of T'lirktnnn and IiIh 
 inuthcxls an an hiHttjrinn, <1(> not with juHticn apply to IiIh '* Half Cen- 
 tury of Conflict," for that work eontainH enough to fully osttihliHh the 
 concluHionH expreHHed hy nie in Chapter IX. Parkman, although HOine 
 t»f luN Htatements evince a Hpirit of unfairnens to the Acadiann, doeH not 
 an a rule exemplify, as Macaulay doeH, that in an hiHtorian truHtworthineHH 
 is one thing, and brilliancy another. 
 
 Pages 166, 168. Women Buif'orod no less severely than men in the 
 cruel proscriptions of Ijoyalists hy the promoters of the American 
 revolution. The wives of Ool. Beverley Robinson and Roger Morris, 
 daughters of Frederic Phillipse, descended from one of the founders of 
 New York, and Mrs. Inglis, wife of the Hrst, and mother of the third 
 bishop of Nova Hcotia, were by an Act of the liegislature of New York 
 attainted of high treason for their loyalty, and banished on pain of 
 death, the only case in wliich women were ever so dealt with in the 
 history of the English people. Mr. Bailey, on November 6, 1783, men- 
 lions that a Inidy of four hundred expatriated Txtyalists had perished by 
 shipwreck on their way to Annapolis. Joseph Wanton, jun., a descendant 
 of the Col. Wanton conspicuous at the siege of Port Royal in 1707 (page 
 /iG), was one of those whose property was confiscateci after the prace and 
 ••ontrary to th« treaty. Others, on returning to tlieir old homes, were 
 seized and imprisoned. 
 
 The following schedule without date, endorsed " Abstract of difft. 
 Companies," was found among the papers of the late Amos Botsford, the 
 agent for settling the Loyalists, fre(|uently mentioned in the history of 
 the townships of Wilmot and Clements. I cannot explain the second and 
 following columns; but it would seem that 870 privates in loyal companies 
 were to have each one liundred acres of land in this county : 
 
 RETURN OF 8KTTLKRS AT ANNAPOLLS. 
 
 Compniiien, 
 
 Major T. Ward's 7.'> r»0 09 oT 22 
 
 Andrew Ritchie 62 29 21 41 13 
 
 Win. Clmndler 29 10 9 6 6 
 
 Richard Hill 28 23 29 20 2« 
 
 Nttth. Chandler 23 4 1 
 
 Chris. Benson 8 7 5 2 9 
 
 Uouwe Ditmars 79 47 45 68 23 
 
 John FolheniuH 27 23 25 19 23 
 
 Joshua Chandler 5 12 9 II 18 
 
 (Jabriel Piirdy 19 11 8 7 9 
 
 •Neil McNeil 86 46 35 38 29 
 
 Peter Allaire 28 16 8 12 4 
 
 * Great-grandfather of John 8. McNeill, Esq., late M.P.P., and now Registrar- 
 of Deeds, Digby County, and of a very numerous posterity in that county. 
 
Cnmjtnnifi. 
 
 JcMiliim I>*t St. Croix 4.1 
 
 •folin Him-hnwiii !Vt\ 
 
 Hunt a7 
 
 KIwii Wind ;w 
 
 i'lttrick HiiKK*'i'ty • ••'» 
 
 lliinluiilirook 41 
 
 :Wlh ft 40th Rojj; '2-J 
 
 .IiirviH ITi 
 
 Young !t't 
 
 Hilton 2") 
 
 Miij. 'I'hoM. Hiiggefonl 15 
 
 SuHttorcrH flO 
 
 H7() 
 
 H70 lit 100 ii(!r«H. Id74 
 
 l(l<R( 
 
 rrioNS. 
 
 
 (14.') 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 2-> 
 
 22 
 
 27 
 
 l.'l 
 
 IH 
 
 2t{ 
 
 2N 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 U> 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 i 
 
 » 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 2A 
 
 1.5 
 
 
 
 •A 
 
 1 
 
 , . 
 
 
 » 
 
 H 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 t2H 
 
 :v> 
 
 •M 
 
 lil 
 
 l» 
 
 12 
 
 \r, 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 » 
 
 12 
 
 rt 
 
 :»s 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 e 
 
 4IU 
 
 4SI 
 
 462 
 
 270 
 
 4r>i 
 
 
 
 
 4(12 
 
 
 
 
 270 
 
 
 
 
 Page 175. The followiiijir are the iiuineH of the Orand Jury of tlie 
 county from Hepteuilier term, 1796, to May term, 171)7 : 
 
 Kilwiiril Tliorno, Foruniiiii ; .lolin Hiiggleit, .lolin Slocnni, Itenlinn Tuckor, .Tanuiri 
 Kager, .John Ditniai-H, .lohii Kvtiil, .Joshua <lo St. Croix, .John Hill, John I'olhoniuH, 
 EliHha Jiuild, AnihroHo Haight, .Fohn AikiuH, Kohurt WolHcIuy, .Iomhu Hoyt, Charluit 
 Uoucet, .lohn Hurkutt, .Siiuiiiol Strcot, .lohii Ricu, ()l>ailiali Wheeloi-k, .JanieH Thorne, 
 Timothy Kuggleu, Asa Tuppor. 
 
 Of these John Hill, and a brother, Richard, LoyaliHts from I^ong Inland, 
 lived in Digby, and owned the htts and water-lots on Carleton Street and 
 Water .Street, eastwardly from Hircli Street. No posterity of the name 
 remain in tlie county, but the late Judge Hill, of the Supreme Court, was, 
 I think, of this family, as were the prominent Hill family of Antigonish. 
 There were long somewhat noted descendants of Reuben Tucker in 
 the county, among them Charles H., the well-known school-teacher and 
 poet of St. John, Ottawa, and Digby, not long deceased. Descendants in 
 female lines are to be found in some branches of the Ruggles and Thorne 
 families, and others. Probably he was not related to Dr. Tucker, the 
 Sheriff. Aikens and Street have been mentioned on pp. 170 and 250. 
 
 The old records of the Se.S8ion8 of the Peace are lost, or I would give 
 a list of the town officers of the other townships "a hundred years ago." 
 
 Page 178. It ought to have l)een mentioned in connection with the 
 subject of education in the town that Mr. Watts, referred to on page 297 
 as a minister of the Church of England, was, in 1728, the first school- 
 teacher in the town of whom we have any record, and that John Bass, 
 a brother of the Joseph whose family record appears on page 474, and of 
 the first bishop of Massachusetts, a graduate of Harvard in 1761, came 
 
(i4({ ADhlTlONS AND (OltltKcTIONS. 
 
 luti'H Hliortly tit'tttr tliiit (liit)<, iiiui tiiii;;lit hcIiooI many yniirM. Ili> (li<><l nt 
 Nnw All>iiiiy at an advaniM-il a^c 'rii<> liuildin^ in which MoNaniara 
 conducted hin aciuii>niy MttMMl on th*> Hit** of th)> old raihoad station until 
 t\w land was (ixpropriatcd for thx {lurposcH of tho railroad, whon it whh 
 Hiild, and iM'ooniinK the |>i'()|it'rty of Mr. Urdc, was ri>niov«>d to St. JanieH' 
 Strtwt and titU'd up as a dwt'llin^, and ntill stands in a renovated and 
 attractiv*' condition next oastwanlly to tin- new Music Hall. 
 
 PaK« \^'>y Tln'"collin plat«'," so to sp«'ak, of t\w old hlock houso, 
 with " IHHl," tho yi'ar of its " passinj,',' cn^jravcd on it, consists of a 
 silvfi' hand around th«' head of u walking stick niadc of sonir of its w<km1 
 at tlie time, att a memento, for H. K. (iillis, F]si|. ThtTt* was no litth^ 
 excitement in the town when it was known that the work of demolition 
 hiul commenced. An attempt was made hy some of the citizens to stay 
 thi' hand of the destroyer, an<i a suiiscription was on the same day started 
 to repair the danwige already done ; iiut the Kat had gone forth from 
 Ottawa at the instance of the occupant of the otiier buildings in the 
 fort, whose representatiimi proved mistaken. 
 
 Pages •J89-21)l, H-i-fy. The first Kxecutive (Council under Uesponsihle 
 (iovernment, when the House of Assembly met on February 3, 1841, con- 
 sisted of Hon. S. B. Robie, M.L.C. ; Sir Itupert I). (Jeorge, Bart., M.L.C. ; 
 Hon. J. W. Johnstone, M.L.C., Solicitor-General ; Hon. K Murray Dmld, 
 M.P.P. ; Hon. Thomas A. S. DeW..lfe, M.P.P. ; H(.n. Alexander Stewart, 
 M.L.C. ; Hon. James B. Uniacke, M.P.P. ; Hon. S. (}. W. Archibald, 
 M.P.P., Attorney-CJeneral ; Jos.'ph Howe, M.P.P., James McNab, M.P.P. 
 On February 1 1 the House went into connnittee on the general state 
 of the Province for the purpose of eliciting explanations respecting the 
 policy of the Government and the effect of the recent political changes. 
 Mr. Howe, although a member of the Government, w.is Speaker of the 
 House. Kvery member of the (Jovernment in the House spoke on thi.s 
 occasion, defining the position of the Cabinet and of himself as a meinl>er 
 of it. A report of the speeches will be found in the A^ora Si'otian 
 newspaper for February IH, 18+1. A similar discussion occurred in the 
 Legislative Council on the 17th of the samt? month, when Mr. Johnstone 
 spoke at length ; and on the 1 8th, when Hon. S. B. Robii^ and Hon. 
 Alexander Stewart spoke. These were reported in the Xora Scolian of 
 the 25th, and may be referred to as evidence that Responsible Government 
 was then fully established. On April 28 of this year Mr. Johnstone 
 succeeded Mr. Archibald as Attorney-General. 
 
 Dr. Bourinot ("Story of Canada," p. 362) thinks that T^rd Falkland 
 "became the mere creature of the Tory party, led by Mr. John.stone"; 
 and it might appear that he evinced undue subserviency to that section 
 of the Cabinet when he consented to Mr. Almon's appointment to the 
 Executive. The seat should have been given to Mr. Huntington, Mr. 
 
AUDITIONS AND roUUK<TlON.S. 647 
 
 IIowo'h altic liouti'iiant iiiul it truNt<>i| NnuIi-i- of IIm> |)<i|>iilar iiiiiv(>ni**nt ; 
 liut I iippri'li«'ii(l tliJH Htt>]> liiui Immmi n>ii(i«>r«><l iiiiprikctiriiUIn by tlit* ineooii- 
 ciliiltl*! <litV<>r<>tic*> tliiit. Iiiul tiiiMeri Ix'twt'fii Mr, Il(isv<> mid Mr. iloliiiNtont) 
 (III the Colli'f^o i|UfNli<>ii, Hut for tliin (litl'*>r(>ticc, tin- HtruKgl'' wliioli <miii- 
 vulHod till" ProviiuM' from 1843 t«) 1847 would not havo oot-urrod, urd»mH 
 tlio prov««rl)ial arioinaly of "two kiiiKs in liriMitford '' nMidcred moiiih mucIi 
 dill't'rofifo in«'vital»l(f. ( )nc« tin' Htruxulc Iw^aii it was oaHy topnxluct* thi< 
 iiiiprfHsiuii that Mr. JolitiHtoiu) Htoo<l for tiiti ourtailint^tit an<l Mr. Ilowo 
 for th« oxtcnsiun of popular ri),;litH. Kriorinous puWIiu int't'tiriKH, attcixitMi 
 hy crowdH from loiij{ distarii;«'H, wnr*' litOd in this I'ounty during tho four 
 years of intons*'! and hittor strife. There was a very notahle one at Pine 
 (Srove, presi(h>d ovt'r l»y Major Chipnian, Km(|., addressed by Mr. Mown. 
 Mr. Jolnistone, in reply, delivered a most able and brilliant speech of flv« 
 hours' len>{tli in a barn near Hridxetown. Mr. Howe replied to this in a 
 series of surpassingly able letters adtlressed to Major Ohipinan, and pub- 
 lished and distril)uted in pamphlet form. Afterwards, Mr. Howe invit«>d 
 Mr. Johnstone to a joint meeting, held, I think, in Annapolis, Mr. Howe 
 having with liini his able and ehxpient co-worker, Mr. (afterwards Hon. 
 Hir) William Young, and Mr. .lohnstont* being assisted by Mr. (afterwanls 
 Hev.) .lames J. liitchie. The addresses at these gatherings were in the 
 liighest style of oratory, and Mr. Johnstone, although unequal to Mr. Howe 
 in the ad caplandmn arts, and without a particle of his humour, showed 
 a capacity for close reasoning and sustained (lights of lofty eloquence, 
 apparently inspired by an inward consciousness of rectitude, with occa- 
 sionally a vein of caustic sarcasm, all proving him fitted for a wider and 
 more important sphere. 
 
 After the passage (tf Mr. Howe's measure to extend the franchise tt> 
 all ratepayers, Mr. Johnstone introduct^d and carried a measure establish- 
 ing manhood suffrage, and two elections were run under it. Afterwards, 
 Mr. Howe and tfie Liberal party very wisely repealed this and restored 
 an assessment basis, but a restrict<nl one, with levisiim and registration. 
 
 The comparative brevity of Mr. Johnstone's tenures of power may be 
 attributed largely to his ignorance and contempt of those tactics un- 
 happily so re(|uisite to success under a popular system of government, 
 no matter how pure tho motive or exalted the aim of the statesman. 
 Undivided and engrossing attention to the public interests is sometimes 
 incompatible with the watchfulness and cunning neoessaiy to guard 
 against the wily advances of an Opposition ably and artfully led in the 
 press and parliament. When he introduced his bill to abolish township 
 representation he admitted that it would deprive him of two supporters 
 from the township of Halifax ; but he expected that the merits of this 
 and his other measures would commend his administration to the people 
 generally. He was defeated by a parliamentary majority of tliree at the 
 election which followed. 
 
CAH Ar»i)rn<tNs anh rouitKorioNs. 
 
 It hIioiiM liavc Ihm-ii iiHtiitioiiod in tint iiKMiioir of Mr. •loliriHloiio Ihut. 
 l(i'Hi(l«m liis ^rciit. ^iflH hh an orator, hit (liH|iliiy<-<l in tlitt wicial circle uiomI/ 
 lirilliiiiit iind faKi;inHtin;{ (-onviM.sationiil poworM. 
 
 i'a^it 2'JK. Hin<;(t this paj^o waH printocl I for tho firHt tiint! noti<!<«l 
 tliat th« lato J)r. Akin.s, in hiH " IliHtory of llalii'ax," p. 71, ^ivtm ll<>v. 
 Dr. Ilntyiiton, llrtitor (»f Ht. PaiilH, thi- orinlit of (tHtahliMliin^ Um firHt 
 iSun<lay HchiMil in Nova Scotia, "ahoul 1 7H.'5, porhapH a littln hiUtr." If 
 latfr tlian ITH.I, I'Virnian may yttt hav<t antif^ipatt-d liini. Hut thti Kcv. 
 li. I>. DttHloiN, in an alilr (lapnr on tho old church in Annapoliii, just 
 puhliHhitd, HayH that H<!V. Mr. Watts, in I7'-'H, opttnod "on« of tho Jirst 
 •Sunchiy Hi^hools taught in th<t Province." This takits away thtt |>ahn from 
 Kaik<ts himsolf, immortaii/,(td as the founder of Sunday Schools. The 
 <liHlin(;tion has also lieon (tlainxMl for liitv. John Wesley. 
 
 I'a^e liH't. The fo' lowing are the names of the .liistices of the |'ea<;e 
 for the County of Annajiolis from tlu; division of the county to IK4!), 
 iifUu' which, I think, it is ^eixtrally concedctd that the olti<;e lost much of 
 itn former importance and prestij^e, partly owin^ to tlit- j^ieat imtrease of 
 uppointnients, aixl partly to the diflerent motivos that inspired them :* 
 
 IH37, Kicliiiril .laiiiim ; IN.'iH, iHrui;! W. Itii^^les, llt-nry IIiiiIhiiii, I'ntiir Dii UiiiiMiy. 
 .John 'i'lipitm', .loMitpli .Sliiiw, ( 'liurliw Wliitimin, (idorxo Vrnoin, Williiiiii MiirrlH ; 
 IH'1'2, SiiiiMi)!! liiHliop (/hipiiian, lleruy (iiiMiii^i', Diiviil (.'. I^uiiIith, I'uli^r lioriiiott, 
 .loliri liatJi, .lolui Knop, jiiri., Aliens M. (!iilii<;y, lliiii(lliiy .Stiirratt, Kilwanl Katoii, 
 Wi'Hton llali, U'illiaiii It. Tiinilnill, (i<«.,'({it llairin, Airxamh-r Kuwlrr ; iH-i.'t, .lacoli 
 Kitiiiptiin, 'riioiiiaH ISiigart ; IHir>, JairirH (iray, I'Iijikmih Oakt^s, Daniol Nii'liols, •lolin 
 KoHH, WuitiT Williitt, •liiliii MjIIh, ■laiiicM I'otti'i', M(iH(!H Sliaw : 181.''), KtiiHStrotiacli ; 
 IK4H, Al)el CliiitK : IHtl), Williaiii Kaii<<all, AuHtiii VVorxllitiry, TIioh. C. Wliititlurk, 
 Kri Weltoii, Wiliiaiii II. 'I'l'iiop, <iilliitrt, Kra^li, K'lwanI II. Kilv.raiiilnlpli, Walter 
 KickotHori, .Vliiiri' 'I'lippt!!', .InHi^pli VVhiDiJork, Holxirl II. liatli, ■loiiii K. liat.li, .laini^s 
 lAtunlry, KoliiM't I'ai'ktir, Knliiirt Mills (2iiil), .liiliti Ktuiiiedy, Aiiilritas lioliakiM-, 
 William K. I'oltur, •laiiinH |{ali:i)tii, •IdIiii WilKori, I'lttm MiiJilltiiiiaH, Arthur I)ihI){ii, 
 JomI Itaiiks, Sainuiil MalcDiii, .((inlati Mi^HHiiii^nr, VVilliarii I'l^^iitl., Aiiiirt^w llttiider 
 Hdli, iMaac Willi:) t., .Inliii Sliiiriior, 'riioiiiaM WliiM^lock, MilwanI Baker ('itnl). 
 
 I*a;^es .'{.'{'.t and 4"J*). /\t. these places respeiiti vely should liave heen 
 intriMluced l)iof,'raphical memoirs of I'iiinkah Lovi'.tt, .Iu.n., M.P.I'., and 
 •Iamkh Ri'hhkm, I.ovktt, M.IM*., the former of whom, know,i iis Ool. 
 liovett, was first elected in !77r), and the latter in 1H'J7 ; i)Ut the author 
 h^ft no materials fioni which I could have framed them. During one 
 Himsion, i'hineas Lovett, sen. and jun., were (contemporary memlters, 
 although it does not appear that tiie former served ; and I'hineas, jun , 
 was for a sliort time sherifF. (See pp. Ifi'J, '^Hfi, IWi.) i''atiiei', son and 
 ^randuun of a family once numerous and influential in the county, hut 
 now for the most part flourishing heyond its horderu, represenl,ed its 
 people in the l^effislature — a rare occurrctnce. I am now informed that. 
 
 * A fui! of |.'( is iiiiw (tliargitil liy tliu Oiivitrniiieiil on a iiiagiHlriite'H coiiiiiiiHHioii, 
 
Ar)r>ITI(»fH ANT) r'oliHKOTloNS. (54!) 
 
 I'liiiKtas IaiviiH, jiiii., lived at lloiuid Mill ; t.liiil> •liiiiieH H. r^ovtitt wan 
 Itiirri tli(M'i) ill I7KI, and wlii-ii fiiHt itlfcd-d lived and carried on liusinitHH 
 tlieri! ; tlia(. lie ntiiioved to Annapolis, where lie wan a general inercliant 
 an<l oontra<;tor, and liiiill for ii reHideiuu) and Htore the large hotiHe now 
 known as tlie"Uliftoti llotiHe" Hotel, and that he died in I8(i'l at the 
 resi<ien(!e of Mr. I'. Mcl'hee, hJH noii in law, at Halifax. 
 
 Pages .'{;{!*, 407 and r»7.{. .Ioiin llmiiiii;, M.I'.P., and 'I'iiomah lilT<;iilK, 
 M.IM'., son of Andrew. I have now no <loiil>t that these tM'o gentlemen 
 were eoiisins-gtu'iiian. 'I'he deceased author appears to have |HiHseHsed 
 eviden<!(; that the uncle and nephew, Andrew iiikI John, wert^ in (lartner 
 ship as inerchants in Annapolis as early as 1777, or even earlier. This, of 
 courH(% might have, linen the case, although the eldiu* still resided in 
 Itoston. From the list on page (ill, it would appear that. Andrew 
 Rit.(;lii(% fatlier or son, was ciiptjiin of a (;oiii|)aiiy of loyal troops. 
 
 I'age .'HI. Thomas iJarcilay was a great giamlnephew of the cf^le 
 hrated Francis Uarclay, author of the "Apology for the Peopl« ('ailed 
 t^uakers," a lirotlier of whom, Mr. Uarclay's greatgrandfather, was 
 associated with I'eiiii in the coloni/.ation of I'eniisylva lia and New 
 •lersey. 'I'he grandfather of Thomas ahandoned the "Society of Friends " 
 for the (/liurch of l'4igland at about middle age. Hy intermarriage with 
 the liest families of the early Dutch settlers of New York, th« lilood 
 of that people largely prevailed over the ancestral Norman -Httotch and 
 Knglish in his veins. In Kivingt.on's ft'd.zfffitrr, New York, under date 
 of October 2, 177r>, tho following marriage notice appeared : "This 
 evening were married at Union Hill, in the borough of Westxihester, 
 New York, John Watts, Jun., Ks<|., Recorder of New York, to Miss 
 Jane |)e Laiic(^y ; and Thomas II. Ilarclay, Ks(|., to Miss Susannah iJe 
 Lancey, daughters of the late I'eter l)e harKjey, ICs«|. 
 
 " ' I<<iiiii<l tiiitir niipliu! Ix^iis, 
 (Iiiv(iriM)( with iiiirpic wiii^H, tli' lilahiiii lioy 
 Shook from IiIn ritiiiiiiit tordi llie ItlisKfiil lirit.'i 
 
 of iniio(:(!iil iU'Mii(!H, 
 And V'cniiH Hi'iittui'uii niyrtUm.' " 
 
 I'age .'{'.).'J. Mr. Moody's sword was presented to (!apt. Hetijiimin 
 McConnell, jun., of a family from whom Mc^t'onnell's Hill, a little west 
 of (iilbert's Covo, on the St. Mary's Hay K<iad. t«K)k its name. All of the 
 family have long since removed to Ontario. I'Vom Henjamiii the sword 
 passed to his son lOlisha, of Malahide, Out., and from him to his son, 
 Klisha Newton Mc(Jonneil, of that pla«!e, 
 
 Page 171. IUhs. The stateint-nt that John, brother of the Joseph 
 hass whose family record is here given, settled at Liverpool in an error. 
 And I am now informed that this Jo.seph li/id no son John ; in fact, there 
 
(ioO ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 was none given in the author's record. T um also informed tliat this 
 Joseph's wife was Elizabetli Searle. The true order and dates of Ids 
 children were : 1, Sarah, b. xVug. 14, 1748, d. younj^ ; 2, Alden, b. July 12, 
 1750 ; 3, Sarah, b. Sov. 12, 1751 ; i, Elizabeth, b. May 8, 1753 ; 5, William, 
 b. Nov. 23, 1755; 6, Lydia, b. Oct. 11, 1757 ; 7, Edward, b. Feb. 26, 
 1760; 8, Thankful, b. July 24, 1762 ; 9, Joseph, b. July 7, 1767— the 
 last two in Annapolis, the others in Dorchester, Mass. William and 
 Alden removed to Nictaux, Edward to Newburyport, Mass. In 1657^ 
 John Bass, son of the immigrant ancestor, Samuel Bass, married Ruth, 
 daughter of John Alden and Prlscilla Mullins, immortalized in Lojig- 
 fellow's poem. Joseph, a grandson of Samuel, married Elizabeth Breck, 
 and was the father of the Bishop, and of the two Annapolis County 
 pioneers. The Barsses, of Queens County, are from a collateral l)rancli. 
 Page 480. Bertkaux. From some Annapolis records by Rev. Mr. 
 Wood, found at St. Paul's, Halifax, it appears that " Philip Edward, son 
 of Philip and Afari/ Berteaux " (probably his first wife), was baptized Sep- 
 tember 13, 1770. His second wife was probably Martha, not Elizabeth 
 Gould. 
 
 Page 490. Further genealogy of Chipman (from the " Chute Gene- 
 alogies "): 
 
 John {J^th child ami eldexi Kuri' •'lUj xon of Hamlley) and Eunice (Dixon)- 
 Chu'Man had oh.: 1, John Hancock, b. May!), 1770, m. Elizabeth Osborne; 
 2, Handley, b. Aug. 26, 1771 ; 3, Charles, I). July !>, 1772, ni. Dec. 3, 1789, 
 Eunice, dau. of Mason Cogswell ; 4, George, b. April 23, 1774, m. — Fraser, 
 wid. ; 5, Elizabeth, b. June 18, 1775, d. in infancy ; 6, Elizabeth, b. May 30,. 
 1776, m. S. Herman Burbage ; 7, Eunice, b. Aug. 9, 1777, d. in infancy ; 8, 
 Eunice, b. June 30, 1778, ni. David Whidden ; 9, Allen, b. March 26, 1780, 
 ui. — Gardner, of Liverpool, \.S.; 10, Daniel, b. April 21, 1782, ni. Sarah 
 Bishop (7 ch.) ; 11, Lavinia, b. Nov. 21, 1783 ; 12. Jane, b. March 19, 1785, 
 in. Timothy, son of Timothy and Elizabeth Barnaby ; 13, William, b. Dec. 9, 
 178fi ; 14, Jared I., b. May 22, 1788 ; 15, Olivia, b. March 8, 1790. 
 
 The words "by second wife," on page 490, are misplaced. Williaiii Allen 
 was evidently by first wife, but there is some uncertainty about the date of 
 Nancy's birth, and whether she was of first or .second family. 
 
 Pages 493, 494. Further genealogy of Clark : 
 
 William (son of likhard) and Joanna (Dunn) Clark had ch.: 1, Henrietta, 
 m. Priestly Milbury ; 2, Su.san, m. William Nichol ; 3, William, \n. F^thelinda 
 Rice ; 4, Maria, m. William Short (his 2nd wife) ; 5, Letitia, m. Henry Craig ; 
 (5, Edward, m. Theresa Parker. 
 
 JosEi'H (sOTi of Richard) and Maria (Morgan) Clark had ch. ; 1, Sophronia,^ 
 m. (leorge Nichol ; 2, Rachel, m. Joseph Burton Chute ; 3, Mary, m. Edmund 
 Cornwall ; 4, Robert, d. unni. ; 5, Philenda, m. Edward Rice ; 6, Harriet, m. 
 .lohn Cornwall ; 7, Emma, m. .lohn Gilliland ; 8, Charles, m. Eliza Quigley v 
 9, Henrietta, u). 
 
 Joseph (moh ii/ Hubert) and Hannah (Eagleson) Clark had ch.: 1, Maud ^ 
 2, .Josephine ; 3, Robert Joseph Norman. 
 
 RioHARn {xon of Robert) and Elizabeth Ann (Schafner) Clark had ch.r 
 1 (only), James, m. Emma Greenwood. 
 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 651 
 
 John (.ion itf John) and Louisa (Berry) Clark had no sons who left issue. 
 
 RoKERT Rai.I'H (.i'*)i of John) and Maria (Durland) Clark had ch. : 1, 
 Hubert, ni. Eli/A Sullivan (no issue) ; 2, Charluttn, m. Albert Craig ; 
 \\ Major, d. unm. ; 4, Edwin, ni.; 5, Abraham, ni. Maria Livingstone; 
 (5, Mary Eliza, in. Henry Gardner ; 7, Sarah Ann, m. Gilbert .Jaccjues ; 8, 
 Wesley, m. Anna Harris ; !), (Ja harine, m. Andrew Lyons ; 10, Celeda, m. ; 
 11, Augusta, ni. Daniel Giles ; 12, Maynard, ni. Louisa Morton. 
 
 William Hknry {xon of Henni) and Prudence (Reagh) Clark had eh.: 
 1, Sarah, m. Phineas Whitman ; 'J, Mary P., ni. George Steers; .S, (Ulbert, d 
 unm.; 4, Henry, ni. Maria Pendleton ; 5, Wallace, ni. Rosalia Brennan ; 
 (), Isaac, m. Abbie Merrill; 7, John W., unm.; 8, Charles R., m. Emma 
 Merrill ; 9, Thomas Ansley ; 10, William Hrenton ; 11, Arthur Stanley. 
 
 T cannot, perhaps, more fitly close this work than by conimeiuling to 
 the people of this county, for wliose benefit especially it was undertaken 
 by the deceased author, and brought to a conclusion by me, the senti- 
 ments of him who drew from tiie early history of its cliief town the 
 inspiration for "The Rising Villa,?e " : 
 
 " Happy Britannia ! thougii thy history's page 
 In darkest ignorance shroiids thine infant age, 
 -Matur'd and strong, thou sliin'.st in manhood's prime, 
 The first and brightest star of Kuro[)e's clinic, 
 The inu'se of science, and tlie seat of arts, 
 The liome of fairest forms and gentlest hearts ; 
 The land of lieroea, generous, fi'ee and brave. 
 Tlie noblest conciuerors of the field and wave ; 
 Thy flag, on every sea and shore unfurleil. 
 Has spi-eail thy glory antl thy thunder lun-Icd. 
 When, o'er the earth, a tyrant would have thrown 
 His iron chain, and culled the worhl liis own. 
 Thine arm preserved it in its darkest hour. 
 Destroyed his iiopes and crushed his dreaded power. 
 To sinking nations life and freedom gave, 
 Twas thine to conquer, as 'twas thine to save. 
 , " Then blest Acadia I ever may tiiy name, 
 
 Like hers, be graven on tiie rolls of fame ; 
 May all thy sons, like iiers, be brave and free. 
 Possessors of her laws and liberty ; 
 Heirs of her splendour, science, power and skill, 
 And through succeeding years her ciiildrcn still ; 
 And fi3 the sun, wiih gentle dawning ray. 
 From night's dull bosom wakes and leads tiie day. 
 His c<mrse majestic keeps, till in the height 
 He glows one blaze of pure exhaustless light ; 
 So may thy years incn-ease, thy glories rise 
 T'o be the wonder of the western skies ; 
 .\n<l bliss and peace encircle all tiiy shore, 
 I'ill empires rise and sink, on earth, no more." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 The (IfHcnloijux, bfiiiij in alphahftieal order, furnixh their oini index. 
 
 Acadia, purchased by Madame de Guer- 
 cherville, 13 ; ai>andoiied by Poutrin- 
 coiirt, 14 ; occupied by Sir William 
 Alexamler, IH ; re-ceded to France, 19 ; 
 lioundarieH of, 28 ; concjuered by Sedg- 
 wick, 29 ; granted by Cromwell, 30 ; 
 re ceded to France, 31 ; population of, 
 in 1(S83, 34; in 168U, 35; famine in, 40; 
 finally becomes a British possession, 62. 
 
 AcADiANS, Account of, by Villebon, 41 ; 
 ordered to choose deputies, 68 ; ten- 
 dered oath of allegiance, 69 ; take 
 ({ualified oath, 74 ; elect new deputies, 
 78 ; always anxious to leave the Pro- 
 vince, 129, 130; their character criti- 
 cised, 82 ; by Phillipps, 84 ; vindicated 
 by the Editor, 133 ; their fidelity under 
 Du Vivier's threats, 105, 132, 138; their 
 partiality to France, 107 ; withstand 
 Ramezay's threats at (Jrand Pr«^, 111, 
 112, note; reward offered for twelve 
 charged with treason, 112; called on 
 to swear allegiance, 114; their sad 
 doom approaching, 117; deprived of 
 their arms, 117, 123; ask ami are 
 refused leave to remove, 1 17 ; deputies 
 meet (iovernor Lawrence, 118 ; instruc- 
 tions to Major Handfield for their 
 removal, 119; vessels engaged to 
 transport them, 121 ; some escape 
 deportation, 122, 141 ; subsequent fate 
 of these, 141 ; delegates to Halifax 
 shipped to N. Carolina, 124 ; families 
 of these scattered elsewhere, 124 ; their 
 buiblings burnt, 124, 125, 141 ; their 
 expulsion first asked for by Massachu- 
 setts, 127 ; always detained contrary 
 to treaty, 129 ; Gov. Shirley's opinion, 
 130 ; allowed to take qualified oath as 
 inducement to stay, 131 ; motives in 
 keeping them, 130, 131 ; their utility 
 to the English, 130, 137, 138; friendly 
 and hostile governors, 132 ; their dis- 
 tressing condition as neutrals, 1.33 ; 
 find effort to get away, 134; pathetic 
 petition styled "insolent," 134, 135; 
 indiscriminate punishment of, 13P ; 
 
 necessity of the act not perceived by 
 Br. Government, 137, 138 ; their per 
 Bonal effects appropriated by Lawrence 
 and his friends, 139 ; except cattle and 
 flocks which starve at Grand Pre, 139 ; 
 never accounted for by Lawrence, 139; 
 discussion of the subject many years 
 stifled, 123, note, 139, 140 ; opinions of 
 Sir B. Watson, 125 ; of Rev. Andrew 
 Brown, 141 ; of Murdoch, 140; num 
 ber deported from Annapolis, 141 ; 
 Rameau's account of the return of 
 survivors and settlement at Clare, 142 ; 
 loyal in the revolutionary war, 163. 
 
 Adventists, 307. 
 
 Alexander, Sir William, obtains patent, 
 16 ; builds fort, 17 ; ordered to demol- 
 ish it, 18 ; his colony, 17, 18. 
 
 Allain's River, called Mill Brook, 9 ; 
 Leciuille, 9 ; ,Tenny River, 70 ; Bridge 
 built over, 170. 
 
 Allain, Louis, imprisoned, 63. 
 
 Alline, Rev. Henry, 302. 
 
 Ambernian family, 516, note. 
 
 American revolution, 161 ; attitude of 
 people of Annapolis, 162. 
 
 Annapolis Royal, first cultivated, 8 ; 
 first so called, 63, 65 ; description of, 
 in 1716, 67 ; in 1721, 70 ; grants of 
 land in, 77, 78 ; description of, in 1743, 
 97; in 1782 and 1789, 169; in 1804, 
 176; in 1826, 180; attacked l)y In- 
 dians, 72 ; by Indians under l>e la 
 Loutre, 99 ; l)e8ieged by I)u Vivier, 
 101 ; attacked by Marin, 106 ; threat- 
 ened by Ramezay, 110 ; a depot for Bay 
 of Fundy ports, 116; prominent resi- 
 dents in, 1755-1760, 147; 1770-1775, 
 157, 158, 159 ; in 1804, 176 ; threatened 
 with invasion by revolted colonies, 162; 
 arms for defence supplied, 162 ; plun- 
 dered and two leading citizens cap- 
 tured, 163 ; anticjuity of, and true 
 date of founding discussed, 181 ; barns- 
 and cornfields on present site escape 
 destruction by Argall, 182 ; incorpora- 
 tion of, and first town council, 186. 
 
€54 
 
 INDKX. 
 
 AiiriupoliH, ti)wiiHlii|> of, 14'); Hrst Krunt- 
 L'<!H of, Ui(\ ; ])aaHL'ng(.TH hy Charmiinj 
 Molly, IfiO, 151 ; later arrivnlH, 151 ; 
 (liviiicd into lotH, 152 ; iiiiiiiuh of adult 
 inhabitants, tlieir faniiliea ami offeetH, 
 at varly dates, 1,52, 15.'>, 171 ; Hiininiary 
 of ccnmis of 1768, 154 ; of cunwUM of 
 1770, 15<i : state of, 1770 to 17H0, 158 ; 
 rustic HOL'ial hahitH, 150 ; effeetH of 
 American revolution, Uil ; attitude of 
 the peoi)le, 102 ; war with France, 1703, 
 174; effects of the war of 1812, 177, 
 284, 285. 
 
 Anne, Queen, her letter, K5. 
 
 Apple trade, 322. 
 
 Argall destrovH Port Royal. 13, 14. 
 
 Armstrong, Capt., 07, 183, note ; made 
 Lieut. -(lovernor, 73; lulniinisters tjuali- 
 Ked oath to Aomlians, 74 ; cruel pun- 
 ishment of his servant, 75 ; liis com- 
 plaints against Father Jireslay and 
 Cosby, 70 ; his trouble with the Aca- 
 dians, 77 ; suspends Winniett from the 
 (Council, 84 ; severely censures him to 
 the Br. Govt., and becomes friendly to 
 him, 84 ; commits suicide, 02. 
 
 Arson, crime of, committed, 91 ; execu- 
 tion for, 293. 
 
 Attorney, first in Annapolis, 80. 
 
 Aidirey, priest, lost on Digby Neck or 
 Long Island, 2, nott, 041. 
 
 Aull, John, 200. 
 
 Aymar, James, 247. 
 
 Bailey, Rev. Jacob, 164, 100, 297. (See 
 Genealogies.) 
 
 Balcom family, 255. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Baltzor, or Bolsor, 199. (See (genealo- 
 gies. ) 
 
 Baptist body, 290 ; churches, 303 ; first 
 Association in the Dominion, .303 ; 
 Annapolis and (iranville one church, 
 304. 
 
 Barnard, Rev. John, his diary of the 
 siege in I6J7, 54-58. 
 
 Barrat, Mfidame, 44. 
 
 Barrack-masters, 184. 
 
 Bass, 236, 324, 649-650. (See Genealo- 
 gies. ) 
 
 Bayard, Col. Samuel V., 81, 233, 2.34 ; 
 bridge, 236, 305. 
 
 Bear Island granted to Henry Daniel, 92 ; 
 shelters Imbert's vessel, 256. 
 
 Bear River, 5 ; at first named " St. 
 Anthony's River," 5 ; named Imbert's 
 River, 257 ; first called Htibert's 
 River, 258, 259 ; this name survived 
 with the French, 259 ; forms boundary 
 between Annapolis and Digby, 287. 
 
 Beardsley family, 497, note 
 
 Belleisle, Lc Borgne, Sieur de, assumes 
 authority, 31 ; lord of the manor, 35 ; 
 Widow of, 44 ; settlement so called, 33, 
 193. 
 
 Benson, 247. 
 
 Bent, family of, 190 ; Charles (iramlison 
 founds Ljike Pleasant settlement, 281. 
 (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Borgier, .34. 
 
 Hiard, Father, 12, 182. 
 
 Biencourt, " (Joat " Island Hrst naincil 
 for, 5 ; goes on a mission to France, 1 1 ; 
 returns, 12; holds conference with 
 Argall, 14, 181 ; remains in Acadia, 16; 
 submits to Sir William Alexander, 16, 
 642 ; dies in Acadia, 10 ; his supposed 
 return to and death in France discussed 
 642. 
 
 Biographical and genealogical sketches of 
 early Knglish settlers, arranged alpha- 
 betically, Armstrong -Young, 465 to 
 640 ; IJeardsley, 497, note ; Bass, Ber- 
 teaux, Chipman, ('lark, corrected, (i(0, 
 650. 
 
 IJlack, Rev. Wm., 304, .305. 
 
 IJlockhouse, 108; on Dauphin St., 81; 
 the latter removed, 114; old block- 
 house demolished, 183, 046. (See 
 Krrata. ) 
 
 Bloody Creek, massacre at, 64. 
 
 Bloomington, 27*':. 
 
 Bogart family, 247. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Bomb-proof. See " Fort." 
 
 Bonaventure in connnand, 45. 
 
 Bonnett, 247, 306. 
 
 Bimdroit, 34, 35. 
 
 Boulardarie, 53. 
 
 Bounty for new land cleared, 117, 217, 
 238, 255. 
 
 Bourgeois, Jacob, 30, 44. 
 
 Breda, Treaty of, 31, 44. 
 
 Bridges at Hicks' Ferry, 222 ; Allain's 
 River, Saw-mill Creek, Moose River, 
 Nictaux, Windsor, 282. 
 
 Bridgetown, 222 ; laid out in town lots, 
 223 ; becomes joint shire town, 288. 
 
 Brouillan, De, becomes governor, 41 ; 
 charge against, 43 ; sails for Fi'ance, 
 45 ; his death, 46. 
 
 Cahouet, 64, 80. 
 
 Campbell, Mrs Agatha, n^« Latour, 86, 
 
 91 ; Rev. J. Moore, 298. 
 Canadians, celebrate<l, descended fi-om 
 
 settlers in Annapolis County, 170, note \ 
 
 250, note. 
 Cape, the, 33. 
 
 Capitation tax-list, township of Annapo- 
 lis, 171 ; Granville, lost, 215; Wilmot, 
 
 230 ; Clements, 251. 
 Census of 1671, 31 ; of 1686, 35 ; of 1714, 
 
 66 ; modern census returns iu detail, 
 
 318-321. 
 Champlain accompanies Demonts, 4, no<« ; 
 
 his map, 5 ; winters at Port Royal. 9. 
 Charming Molly, passengers by, 150. 
 Charnisay, See " D'AuTnay." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 655 
 
 Chowley family, 190; Rov. Hol>crt A., 
 307. (Seo (ieneaIogii!H. ) 
 
 <'hipiiiuii, further gunealogy of, tiSO. 
 
 ChriHtiaiiitv first pruached in America, 
 1, '2«tt. 
 
 <.'hurch at P(irt Roval, new one Imilt, 44, 
 88, 180; at DuIh'oiiHiu, 2(18 ; Kt Liiku's, 
 17fl, 171* ; at Pino (irove, 241 ; opjMwite 
 (ioat iHlanil, '291. \ 
 
 Churches, other, 278, 2%", :121 ; at Pine 
 (irove, 241 ; Roman Catholic. 21M»-21H ; ' 
 Church of England, 298 .'100 ; Congre- 
 gational, 300-304 ; Haptist, 304, .3().i ; 
 Methodist, 305-307 ; Presbyterian, 308; 
 A<lventist, 2.J8, 307, 308. 
 
 Chute family, 191), 23H. (Sec (icnealogies. ) \ 
 
 Clark, further genealogy of, (i'lO. 
 
 Clonients, towuHhip of, 243 ; grantees of, 
 24U ; capitation tax-payers in, 2<51 ; 
 houuties for newly-cleared land, 2r>.). 
 
 Clemont.sport, 244 ; church at, 300. 
 
 (Ilementsvale, 243, iio/i'. 
 
 Close communion, 303. 
 
 Commission of the Peace. 75. 
 
 Commission to settle boundary with 
 Massachusetts, 90. 
 
 Corbitt, Ichabod, 178. (See (ienealogies.) 
 
 Cosby, 72, 93 ; death of, 95. 
 
 Council, F^xecutive, first formed for Pro- 
 vince, t)8 ; new appointments to, 76 ; 
 first under responsible government, 1 
 646. j 
 
 Council, county, 291 : list of first mem- ■ 
 bers, 316, 317. 
 
 Council, town, 186. 
 
 County of Annapolis created, 195. 
 
 Court of Justice established, 69 ; Common 
 Fleas, 157 ; Circuit, 173. 
 
 Court-house, 173 ; burned, 286. 
 
 Cross, William, 176, note. 
 
 Custos Rotulorum, list of persons holding 
 the office, 316. 
 
 Cuthbert, Rev. Robert, censured, 72. 
 
 Dalhousie settlement, 260 ; road sur- 
 veyed, 261 ; altered, 267 ; population 
 in" 1820, 265,266; land cleared, 266; 
 settler killed in a quarrel, 267 ; John 
 Aull, 269 ; a murder, 270 ; college, 
 290; Dalhousie, Lord, 290. 
 
 Dari?ie family, 268. 
 
 Darling, Sir Charles, 177 ; Colonel, 266. 
 
 D'Aulnay de Charnisay, removes Acad- 
 ians from La Have to Port Royal and 
 brings out more, 19; accuses Charles 
 Latour, 19; attacks his fort, 19; is 
 chased back by Latour and defeated at 
 Lequille, 20 ; goes to France to under- 
 mine him, 20 ; correspondence of, with 
 (•overnor of Massachusetts, 21 ; again 
 attacks Latour's fort , 26 ; takes it, 27 ; 
 his cruel treatment of Latour's wife 
 and garrison, 27 ; his death, 28, 29 ; 
 the real foundei' of the present fort, 
 182. 
 
 Davison Bros.' niill.s, 278. 
 
 Davoiie, Colonel Frederic, 248. (See 
 
 Genealogies. ) 
 De Brouillan. See " Hrouillan." 
 Dee<ls, two offices of registry in early 
 
 times, Digby including Clements, 2S». 
 D'Kntremonts, Philip Mius, 35. 
 De la Loutre See " Loutre." 
 De la Tour. See " Lit our." 
 Delong settlement, 274 
 Den)ontH enters Anna])olis, 2, 3; winter.^ 
 
 at St. Croix, 4 ; removes to Port Royal, 
 
 4 ; returns to France, (i ; sale of Port 
 
 Royal to Poutrincourt by, 11, 256, 641; 
 
 returns to Port Royal, II ; full name 
 
 of. 641. 
 De Razilli, Isaac. Cliude. (See"Ra/.illi.") 
 Des Knclaves, 95, 116. 296. 
 Des (loutins, 38, 47. 
 Ditmars, 248, 273. (See (ienealogies.) 
 Division of the county, 224, 253, 287. 
 
 (See memoirs of .Xlooily, VViswall, 
 
 Roach, Robicheau, Holland.) 
 Domanchin Rrook, 33. 
 Doctor, first in the Dominion, 9. 
 Dodge, Josiah, 199. (See (ienealogies ) 
 Doucet, (Jovernor, 71. 
 Douglas, .Samuel, 73. 
 Du (iua.st. See " Demonts." 
 Duke of Kent, visits of to Annai)o'i.s. 
 
 184; buildings erected by, 183. 
 Du Vivier marries clandestinely, 46 ;■ 
 
 besieges Anna))olis, 101. 
 Dupont tirave, 7. 
 
 Dutch hymn sung at Clementsport, 299. 
 Dyson, 147. 
 
 Karthi|uake shocks, 286. 
 
 Knssoii, John. 147. (See (Ienealogies.) 
 
 Klectious, 1.58. 20«}, 215, 'J 16. (See Me- 
 moirs of Members. ) 
 
 Kquille, river named, 3. 
 
 Kvans, Henry, negotiates with (iovernor 
 as to settling Annapolis, 148 ; his jour- 
 nal, 148, 150 ; memoir of, 339. 
 
 Kxecutions, 27i>, 293, 294. 
 
 Executive Council, first under respon- 
 sible government, 64(>. 
 
 B^alkland, 270; grantees of, 280; Lord 
 Falkland, 290. 
 
 F'amilies, early Knglish, biographical and 
 geological sketches of. and their de- 
 scendants, arranged alphabetically, 
 Armstrong to Young, 465 to 640. 
 Amberman, 516, note.; Beardsley, 497, 
 nofi' ; Bass, Berteaux, Chipinan, Clark, 
 corrected, 650. VVinslow, 630, notf. 
 
 Famine in Aca<lia, 40. 
 
 Farnesworth. 199. (See (Ienealogies. ) 
 
 Fellows, family, 199. (See Genealogies); 
 Hon. James I., 158, 199 
 
 Ferry, Annapolis and Granville, 151, noti\ 
 210. 221 ; across Imlwrt's River, 280 ; 
 Hicks' Ferry, 223, 228 ; Pineo's, 280. 
 
656 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Fires. I8A. 
 
 FiHher, Kev. Natlianiel. 302. 
 
 FiitherieH, (liHpiitea uotiui-rning, 'Itili, 21 7< 
 263. 
 
 Fitxraiulolph, H(>ii. JuHuuh, 287. 
 
 F«.i»HjH, L'httileH Miller, 178. 307. 
 
 Fornmii. .lunieH, establiHhea Niiiiilay 
 Sch<M)l8, 2»>7. 
 
 Fort, tirHt site of. R ; Pontgrave in 
 charge of, .5 ; nearly ileHerted, 7 ; aban- 
 doned, 10; reo<x-upied. 1 1 ; deHtroyed 
 by Argall, 14 ; rebuilt by Sir William 
 Alexander, 17 ; demoliMlied by order of 
 King CharleH, 18; rebuilt by D'Aulnay 
 on new xite. 19, 182 ; suri-endered to 
 .><e<lgwiirk, 2H ; restoi-ed to France, 31 ; 
 captured by FhippR, .37 ; proposed re- 
 moval of, to Round Hill, 40 ; descrip- 
 li(m (if. in 1700,42; earthworks com- 
 pletetl and hospital built. 43 ; bonib- 
 pr(M)f magazine built by Subercase, J)8, 
 180; bomb-proof, covered by brick bar- 
 racks. 181 ; and tlemoli-<hed, 183; de- 
 scription of fort in 1711, 64; in 1710, 
 »i7 ; in 1745, 107, 108 ; Mohawk fort, 
 81 ; description of fort in 1743, 97; 
 attacked by Indians under I)e la 
 Loutre, 1(0 ; by l)u Vivier, 101 ; govern- 
 ment wharf built, 108, 183 ; garrisoned 
 by militia, 163 ; ohl powder magazine, 
 180, 181. 182. 
 
 Fortieth Regiment, 183. 
 
 Frederick Street, former name of St. 
 Anthony Street, 70. 
 
 Fkkbmasonky, stone with masonic em- 
 blems found, 11, 31, 641 ; first knlge 
 in N.S. , (Mi; existed among the first 
 French colonizers, 64.'. 
 
 Frenouse, Madame de, 42, 46. 
 
 (Harrison, 02, 183, 184. 
 
 (•aulinH, 64. 
 
 (jenealogies arranged alphabetically, 
 Armstrong to Young. 465 to 640 ; also 
 Bass, Berteaux, Chipman, Clark, cor- 
 rected, 660. 
 
 (Jeneral's Bridge, 61. 
 
 ('ilpin. Rev. Edwin, 208. 
 
 (ioat Island nameil Biencourtville, 5, 
 256 ; Armstrong's Island, 83 ; granted 
 to Charles Vane, and called Vane's 
 Island, 82. 
 
 (Jodfrey, Rev. William Minns, 300. 
 
 (ioldsmith family, 188. 
 
 ( <ood times, order of, 8. 
 
 (ioreham's Rangers, 162. 
 
 (irace, Rev. Thomas J., 296. 
 
 Grammar schools. 178. 
 
 Orandfontaine. the Chevalier de, 31. 
 
 (irand jury a hundred years ago, 645. 
 
 « J rand Prfe, battle of, 110. 
 
 Grant of township of Norwich, 89 ; of 
 township of Annapolis, 148, 160. 
 
 (irantees, lists of, 160, 195, 196-7. 
 
 Grants of land in Annu|toli8, 77, 79. 
 
 (iranville settled, 33 ; unoccupied after 
 French removed, 194 ; urant issnud, 
 194 ; names of grantees of, 195 ; |Hipu- 
 lation of, in 1767, 197 : namrs of adult 
 males, 197 ; represented in Assembly, 
 206; ferry to Annapolis, 151, iiolf., 210, 
 221 ; loyalists arrive, 211 ; election of 
 1785, 2i2 ; other elections, 215 ; roads 
 in. 215, 282. 
 
 (iray, James, Vm[., 187. 
 
 Grinton founds Springfield, 279 ; his 
 sons, 281. 
 
 (irist-mill, first on the ccmlinent, 9. 
 
 (Juercherville, Madame de. buys Denionts' 
 rights, 13; sends out emigrants, 13 ; her 
 ship sails to Mont Desert, 13 ; captured 
 with its passengers by Argall, 14. 
 
 Haliburton, T. C, member for Annapolis, 
 283. 
 
 Halifax founded, 113. 
 
 Halliburton, Hon. Brenton, names Mar- 
 garetsville, 225. 
 
 Handtield, Major, 119. 
 
 Harris, John, siu'veya Dalhoiisie Road, 
 261. 
 
 Harrison, Rev. John, 297. 
 
 Hay, first doctor and apothecary, 7, 9. 
 
 Healey, .John. 217. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Helxirt. Louis, apothecary in Demonts' 
 expedition, 9 ; winters at Port Royal, 
 9 ; governor pco <»'m.. 13; Bear River 
 named for, La Riviere d'Hebert, 2.'i8. 
 
 Henderson, Am rew, 84, 174, 176, 223, 
 306. 
 
 Herring fishery, 245. 
 
 Hessian Line, 243 ; called Clementsvale, 
 243, note. 
 
 Hicks' ferry, 223. 
 
 Uillsburgh, township of, fornierly part 
 of Clements, 288. 
 
 Hoar. Jud^e, l.')7. 
 
 Hog Island, sole! by D'Aulnay to Bour- 
 geois, 43, 44, 174, 643. 
 
 Holland. William. 286. 
 
 House of Assembly, list of mopibers for 
 Annapolis County and toviisliips, 311 ; 
 memoirs of members— see " Memlx;rs 
 of Provincial Parliament." 
 
 Houses, old, 184, 185. 
 
 How, Edward. 110; death of, 115; l)iog- 
 raphy of, 527. 
 
 Howe, Alexander, Comr. for Shelburne 
 Koad, 170 ; applies for grant in (iran- 
 ville, 213. (See Members.) 
 
 Howe, Hon. Joseph, 288, 527, 646, 647. 
 
 Inibert, Simon, 12 ; gives name to Bear 
 
 River, 257. 
 Indians, 11, 72, 99, 295,296; Malicetes 
 
 attack Port Royal, 72; cut off supplies, 
 
 106. 
 Industrial establishments and products, 
 
 321. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 65T 
 
 Inferior Court, eRtablighment of, 157 ; 
 
 jiulgeR of, 313 ; not lawyers by profes- 
 
 sioii, 313, note ; roorgiinized with u 
 ^ lawyer for chief in each district, 313, 
 
 notn. Thoniu8 Ritchie, first chief in 
 
 Western Circuit, 394. 
 Invasion of Annapolis by privateers, 163; 
 
 of county near l)igl)y, 286. 
 Iron mines, 140, '242, 244, 245. 
 
 Johnstone, Hon. James W. , 289, 290 ; 
 appeals to County of Anna])olis on 
 issue concerning College (lUUHtion, 291 ; 
 carries Simultaneous Polling Act, 291 ; 
 settles minoH and mineral question, 
 291. (See pp. 303 to 439, inclusive, 
 and 646, 647. ) 
 
 Justices of the Peace first appointed, 75; 
 number of, in 1181, 284; list of, to 
 1837, 313— see memoir of Moses Shaw, 
 M.P.P., list from 1837 to 1849, 648. 
 
 Kempton family found Maitland, 272. 
 Kent, Duke of, 184. (See " Uuke of 
 
 Kent.") 
 Kilmarnock, Lord, 184. 
 Kirk, Sir David, 17. 
 Knighthood, Honour of, conferred on 
 
 natives of Annapolis, 177. 
 
 Lafleur, Charles Petipaa, Sieur de, 35. 
 
 Lake La Rose, 146. 
 
 Lake Pleasant, 2H1. 
 
 Lamont, Marmaduke, 210, 211. 
 
 Latour, Charles Amador, succeeds Bien- 
 court, 16 ; is Lieutenant of the King in 
 Acadia, 19 ; refuses to change his alle- 
 giance, 17; seeks aid in Ik>ston, 20; 
 returns and defeats D'AuInay, 20 ; 
 addresses Boston authorities, 22 ; cap- 
 ture of his wife, 27 ; he retires to 
 Quebec, 28 ; marries D' Aulnay's widow, 
 29 ; his death, 31 ; Seigniory of Port 
 Royal granted to heirs of, 44 ; visits 
 Port Royal, 73 ; his issue, 78 ; claims 
 of family to seigniory, 86. 
 
 Latour, Claude, changes his allegiance, 
 17 ; recants, 18. 
 
 Lawrence appointed Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor of the town, 115; petitions against 
 by citizens of Halifax, 139, 141 ; his 
 death and character, 141. 
 
 Lawrencetown, 225. 
 
 Lebel, 182 ; Poem on, 187. 
 
 Le Borgne, Emanuel, captures Denys, 
 and seizes Port Royal, 29 ; surrenders 
 it to Sedgwick, 29 ; in command, 31 ; 
 Alexander, 35, 41. 
 
 Leonard, Jonathan, 228, (See Geneal- 
 ogies. ) 
 
 Legislative Council, separated from 
 Executive, 289 ; First member of, from 
 Annapolis, 287; Liut of, from Annapolis, 
 810. 
 
 42 
 
 L'Escarbot ioina the colony, 7 ; its his* 
 torian anil poet, 7, 8, 9. 
 
 Le Prince family, 194. 
 
 Leslie, Dr. Robert, 188. 
 
 Letter of maniue, 285. 
 
 Limekiln aiul brickyard, 6rst mentioned. 
 42. 
 
 Loutro, 99, 296, 533. 
 
 Lovett, Phineas, sen., 164. (See memoir, 
 333.) Phineaa, jun., 162, 285, 309; 
 James R., 287; notice of both, 648. 
 
 Loyalists, arrival of, 161, 164 ; character 
 and aims of, 165 ; their cruel treatment 
 by the States, 166 ; came here by com- 
 pulsion, not voluntarily, 168 ; women 
 proscribed, 644 ; companies at Anna- 
 polis, 644. 
 
 Maffistrates commissioned, 75 ; for th& 
 French, 76 ; lists of, to 1837, 313 ; un- 
 just dismissal of— see memoir of Moses 
 Shaw, 468; further list of, to 1849, 
 648. 
 
 Mai Hard, Father, 296. 
 
 Mails, to Halifax, carried on foot and 
 horseback, 159, 283 ; by regular corrier» 
 283 ; weekly, 283. 
 
 Maitland, 271. 
 
 Maudoux, Priest, 296. 
 
 Manslaughter, case of, 267. 
 
 March, Col., 48. 
 
 iVJargaretsville, 225, 242 ; supposed 
 nmrder in 235. 
 
 Marshall, family of, 200. (See Genealo- 
 gies.) 
 
 Maacarene commands New Hampshire 
 troops in attack on Port Royal, 69 ; 
 first to mount guard, 94 ; arrives to 
 assume government, 93; his precedence 
 disputed, 93 ; defies the Indians, 99 ; 
 his gallant defence against Du Vivier, 
 101-106 ; commends Uie Acadians for 
 their fidelity, 105, 132, 135 ; his life and 
 death, 643. 
 
 Masonic stone. See "Freemasonry." 
 
 Masonry. See "Freemasonry." , 
 
 Masse, Priest, 296. 
 
 McKenzie family, 200. (See Genealogy.) 
 
 McMair, Arod, 279. 
 
 Meetings, Political, in Annapolis, 647. 
 
 Melvern Square, 226. 
 
 Membertou, Indian Chief, 9 ; grief of, at 
 departure of French, 10; baptized, 11 ; 
 death and burial of, 12. 
 
 Members of Legislative Council, list of, 
 311 ; of House of Assembly, list of. 
 312. 
 
 Members of the Provincial Par- 
 liament, memoirs of Jonathan Hoar, 
 323 ; Erasmus J. Phillips, 326 ; John 
 Steele, -328 ; Joseph Woodmas, 329 ; 
 Thomas Day, 329 ; Joseph Winniett, 
 
 330 ; John Harris, 331 ; Henry Munroe, 
 
 331 ; John Hicks, 332 ; Obadiah 
 
658 
 
 INDKX. 
 
 Wlioolo(;k, XV.\ ; riiiiiciiH Lovc'tt, sen,, 
 H'A3; .l<>.s('|ili i'atti'ii.:<:<l ; CliriHtophi'M 
 IViiu'R, :t;<5 : .lolin Hall, ICtO ; Henry 
 Kviiiis, Xil ; William Shaw, .'{.'{H ; ■loliii 
 Kili'liit!, ;»:«», GUI; I'liinraM Lovtti, jiiii., 
 U48 ; Sloplicii anil tliinicN Do Liincuv, 
 33!» ; Tli.iinan I'.aivlay, .'tU ; D.iv'id i 
 Si'a))iirv, .'WS : lii-iijaiiiiii .lariu'M, ;t.')(l ; 
 TliDiiius Milliilf^'c, .■(.">((; Alcxiiiidi'i- 
 Howo, .■{,").'); Henry Hiiliii'ifonl, .SdO ; , 
 Jainoi Mooily, ',Ht2 ; Hword of, (iJ7 ; i 
 Ktlwanl Tliorni', 'M'A ; 'I'lHiiniiH Kitcliie, | 
 304 ; TiK.nias Walker, .'«»7 : iHaiali | 
 Shinv, mi; .lolui Warwick. .•{<»!); Wil- 
 liam Kolicrtsoii, 400 ; .loliii Harris (sun 
 of Samuel), 401 ; Pole^ Wiswall, 402 ; 
 Sereno U. iJoue.s, 40(i ; 'riioimiM Hitcliie, 
 (son of Aiuliew), 407, ti4!) ; 'J'imotliv 
 Riigt^les, 407 ; Williairi H. Koaell. 
 40!) ; Samuel CamplitOI, 412 ; John 
 Kohertson, 415; Aliraliam (iewiier, 
 417; Thomas ('. Halihurton, 418; 
 James K. Lovetl, G4H ; John K. Mor- 
 ton, 42(5 ; John Jolinstonc, 428 ; Cliarles 
 Hudd. 480: Jame.s Delap, 4:<2 ; 
 Frederic A. Rolneheau, 432 ; William 
 Holland, 4.'l.'i ; Klnathan Whitman, 
 434 ; James 15. Holdsworth, 435 ; 
 Stephen S. 'I'horne, 435 ; Samuel 15. 
 Chipma!!, 437 ; Henry Gates, 4.S8 ; 
 James W. .lohnstoiie, 439 ; Alfred 
 Whitman, 457 ; Mosos IShaw, 458 ; 
 Avard Longley, 459. 
 
 Menneval, l)e, Bucceeds Perrot as (4over- 
 nor, 37. 
 
 Menou, Marie do, 37. 
 
 Methodist missionaries and churches, 
 304-306 ; first Methodist church in 
 Annapolis, 305. 
 
 Mice, Plague of, 286. 
 
 Middleton, 226, 240, 241. 
 
 Iblil'.tia raised by Shaw in 1776, 208 ; by 
 Barclay, Millidge and Taylor, 174. 
 
 Mill, first built in America, 1, 15, 182; 
 saw-mill, 268 ; gypsum, 249 ; first card- 
 ing, 249. 
 
 Mill Brook, early name of Lequille, 19. 
 
 Miller families, 200. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Millerites, 308. 
 
 Millidge, Rev. John, 298. 
 
 Mines and minerals question settled, 
 291 ; of Annapolis county, 2, note, 242, 
 244. 
 
 /MiuB, Sieur d'Entreniont, 35. 
 
 Monument, oldest in the Dominion, 73, 
 note. 
 
 .Moose River, called Rock Brook, 5, 244 ; 
 Bridge over, 264 ; named la riviire de 
 L'Orignal, 268 ; bridge over, 283. 
 
 Morehouse family, 248, 273. 
 
 .Morris proposes to settle English among 
 French, 112; settlers referred to by, 
 212, 220 ; letters of, in archives, 230, 
 J2ol. 
 
 Mor«e, Rev. Ar/areluh, 302. 
 Mumcic, Col. Henry, 164. 
 Murders, 270, 293. 
 
 Nej^roes, removal of, 212 214. 
 
 New .Mlianv, 276; road, 276; grantooH 
 
 of, 277 ; lilt of selllers, 278. 
 New ii),'hlH, .'lOl, .W.i. 
 Ne\VH|iaper. (iist in (bounty, 224. 
 Newton, Hihliert, 68, 71. 
 Nii'holHon, Kianeis, 59. 
 Niitaux mines, 242. 
 Northlicld. 273. 
 Norwich, lownNliip of, HO. 
 Nova Scotia Ueginient, 234. 
 
 Order of (iood Times, 8. 
 
 Paradise, 226. 
 
 Parker, Al.ijah, 200; Nathaniel, 279, 
 
 Parker's Hrook, 33. 
 
 Parliament, Provincial, Members from 
 Annapoli.s, 311 ; Dominion, 312. 
 
 Patten- Karnsworlh feud, 202. 
 
 Perkins, Rev. Cyrus, 178. 
 
 Periot in eonnnanil at Port Royal, 34, 38. 
 
 Perrott, (Japtain, 249 ; settlement, 274 ; 
 grantees of, 274. 
 
 Petipas, Claude, 35. 
 
 Phillipps, Governor, 67; advised settle- 
 ment by English, 67 ; tenders oath of 
 allegiance to Aeudians, 69 ; censures 
 Wm. Winniett, 70 ; visits Annapolis, 
 76 ; commends Winniett, 77 ; finally 
 leaves province, 77. 
 
 Phillips, Erasmus James, 77, 147. See 
 "Members." 
 
 Phipps captures and pillages Port Royal, 
 37, 39. 
 
 Pine Grove churches, 241. 
 
 Pineo's Ferry, 284. 
 
 Pineo, Peter, jun. , 222. 
 
 Pirates pillage Port Royal, 39. 
 
 Poetry, first written in America, 8. 
 
 Polhemus, 249. 
 
 Pompey's rock, church at, 296. 
 
 Pontgravti, winters in Franco, 6 ; re- 
 moves colonists from St. Croix to Port 
 Royal, 6. 
 
 Population at various periods (see 
 "Census"), 317; by religions, 318, 319. 
 
 Port George, 225. 
 
 Port Lome, 240. 
 
 Port Royal abandoned, 10 ; state of, in 
 1685, 34 ; in 1689, 40 ; captured by 
 Phipps, 37 ; pillaged by pirates, 39 ; 
 retaken by Villebon, 39 ; description of, 
 in 1690, 40, 41 ; discords in, 43 ; seign- 
 iory of, granted, 44 ; expedition against, 
 by Massachusetts troops, 45 ; attacked 
 by them, 39, 48 ; again attacked, 61 ; 
 besieged and taken by Nicholson, 59. 
 
 Potter Family, 249. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Powder magazine, 182. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 659 
 
 I'lHilriiicourl roturuN to France, ; ciiinos i 
 liiii'k to Port Koyiil, " ; iIi'iii'h IiiikI for 
 fiirminij;, 7 ; cxplon-M Hotitti, 7. H ; 
 uliiiMiloiiM I'oit Koyal, 10 ; coini'H li;ick, 
 II ; uIiiiikIoiim AcmiIIii mid I'iiIIm in Wat- 
 tic, 14 ; lull iianii' of, Oil. . 
 
 I'riivcr, a ri'iiiMikaldf, 1S7. 
 
 HlvKoiidr, 1,1, Att. ' 
 
 I'losliylriiiui cliiirilu's, .'107. 
 
 I'rircw of coiintrv i>io(lii((' in I7<IH, li')."!. 
 
 I'riesls, •_>, II, I'J, i:i, 17, I!), :«), 7H, SS, 
 'JiHl ; hiim|h'|iiIlmI, H<). ' 
 
 I'rivalL'tii'H io)» Ainmpolis, Hi.'l ; invaili- , 
 llif county, •Ma-, til lid out in tin- ! 
 iiiiinly, 'JHh, -iSd. 
 
 I'l-oliiitf court, jiidHC'M of, ;il(). 
 
 I'roilucts of the county at various peri- 
 ods, :n8, :int, .•v.ii, .•(■ii. 
 
 i'uritaiiH, tliiiir | olicy to\\aid.>! the In- 
 iliaus, '21)5, not. . 
 
 Quuruau, •J-K). 
 
 Raihvav, Windsor ami AnnapoliH, IStJ, 
 
 '2\'2 ;"Nova Scotia Cuntral, •241. '242. 
 Hullii'u, Duniouts' Hourolary, "2, noti , 
 Ranif/.ay encamps at the Ca|)e, 101) ; 
 refrains from attack, 110; sends expe- 
 dition against Nol)le".s force at (Srand 
 I'ri', 1 10 ; threatens Aeadiaus at (jraud 
 Pre, 11-2. 
 HaiUHav, road and proposed township of, 
 
 ■2()t). ' 
 Rav, Hon. W. H. , Hueceeds Johnstone as 
 
 il.l'.I'., 291 ; Skctuh of, '29'2. 
 Razilli, Isaac de, takes possession of Port 
 Royal, 19 ; Claude de, receives grant 
 of I'ort Royal, 19. 
 Registrar of deeds, first in county, 211. 
 Registry of deeds at Digby for lands 
 
 in Clements, 288, 
 Relics, Historic, 11, 31, 182, 187. 188. 
 Responsible government, '288 ; supported 
 in Annapolis, 289 ; fully established, 
 289, '290, 616 ; first cabinet under it, 
 coalition, 289, 646. 
 Richardson, Col. Philip, 2'26. 
 Rising Village, poem, 188. 
 /Ritchie, John, joins in asking arms for 
 v/ fort, 162 ; taken prisoner, 164 ; com- 
 ^^ niissioner of road to 8helburne, 170. 
 
 See "Meniber.s." 
 Rftchie, Thomas, 180 ; introduces bill 
 / respecting African slavery, 284. (See 
 \ / memoir, p. 394.) John W., 287,576; 
 ^ Sir William J., 177, 576; J. Norman, 
 576. 
 River named L'Bquille, 3 ; Dauphin, 6 ; 
 called British River, 70, 83 ; bridged 
 at Hicks' ferry, 223 ; at Bear River, 
 284 ; frozen over at Annapolis, 293. 
 Road to Shelburne commenced, 170; 
 Nictaux to Liverpool, 236 ; Wilmot to 
 Lunenburg, 236, 237 ; Leonard road. 
 
 2M7 ; toward Halifax, '2:<7 ; Liverpool 
 road, 2.'I7 ; to Ni, Miirfiaiel's IJay, pro- 
 jected, 2H2 ; from lleiir Kiver biiilge to 
 Moose Kiver briilge, 282; Annapolis to 
 Hear Kiver, '2.')4 : Dalhoniie, 'Jtil, '2tl7 ; 
 Hear Itivcf to Allain'M I'lfck, 2V2. 
 
 Roach, William H., '287, •2N1». See 
 " Mendxns." 
 
 Roads, lirst construction of, S ; in (Iran- 
 ville, 21.'). 
 
 KolMrlHon, Key. .fames, '2!)!), :«O0. 
 
 Koliicheau, Prudent, appoinleil .I.P,, 70; 
 receiver of i|uit rents, 84 ; family exiled 
 although loyal, l'J!»; Krcdcric A., '2Stl. 
 See " Sleniiiers." 
 
 Kol)inson, Father of Sir . I. 15., 170, iiDte. 
 
 Kosi'ttc, 'X\ ; origin of name, ti(i. 
 
 Rotnid Hill, lallcd Kos(dte, ,'{,'{ ; fort pro- 
 posed to lie reuu)yed there, 40, 
 
 Roxliiiiy, 275. 
 
 Uuggles, ( ieui^ral Timothy, 227 ; Biogra- 
 phy of, .'J83. 
 
 Runisey, 147. (See Genealogies.) 
 
 Uuncinian, (leorge, .'107. 
 
 Uyerson family, '249. (Sue (ionealogies.) 
 
 Saint Castine, .')4. 
 
 Saunders family, '200. (.See (ionealogies. ) 
 
 .Sau-niill Creek bridge, '282. 
 
 Scandal, Clericil, 17"2. 
 
 Schafner, Adam, 201. (Family of, see i 
 
 (leneulogies.) 
 Schools an<l teachers, 178, '223, '2'24, 297, 
 
 307 ; first in Annapolis, 297, 645. 
 Scotch fort, 17. 
 
 Sedgwick tokes Port Roynl, 29. 
 Shaw, Moses, family of, '202. (See 
 
 " Mendwrs " and Genealogies.) 
 Shaw, William, charges against, 207 ; 
 
 exonerated, 207, 210. 
 Shelburne, road to, commenced, 170. 
 Sheriffs, 238 ; list of, 309. 
 .Shipyard, first in America, 7. 
 Sigdgne, Abbe, 296. 
 Simultaneous Polling Act, 291. 
 Sinclair, Frederic, innholder, 173, 177. 
 Slavery, bill respecting, 284. 
 Sneden family, 253. (See Genealogies. ) 
 Spinney, Samuel, and family of, 200. 
 Springfield, 279. 
 Sproule, Robert, family of, 201. See 
 
 Genealogies. ) 
 Stages, Tri-weekly, established, 283. 
 Steamboat, first to cross the bay, 283. 
 Stocks, the, 174, 283. 
 Stoddart, Sergeant, receives grant in 
 
 Dalhousie, 280. 
 Stone, Inscribed, found near old fort, 182, 
 
 187, note; Masonic, 11, 31, 641. 
 Street, Ebenezer and Samuel, 260 & note. 
 Subercase becomes Governor, 47 ; defends 
 Port Royal against colonial troops, 48 ; 
 builds bomb-proof and finishes barracks, 
 58 ; surrenders to Nicholson, 72. 
 
660 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Suixlay SchooU, firit in Aniurica, 'i1)S, 
 
 048. 
 HurnHinua in Port Koyiil, 3.Y 
 Hurvuyi)r'(>uri«rHl, HrRt in tli<> iiroviiioo, 
 
 77 i tii-Nt ufter Hulifux foiitiili-<l, IP.'. 
 
 ThoinpHoii, (.'(il. O. F., Oriiiit to, for mili- 
 tary Hurvicua, '28(J. 
 Thornu funiilv, 'i!i\. 
 Torltruok ami Torbri ok MinuH, ^42. 
 Tottvii family, 'Jr>t). 
 
 Tuwn otticurs u humlrod yuam au<>, ITS. 
 TriK)p family, 2ttO. (See (Jeiu'aK»uieH. ) 
 TupMir, Thuiiiaa, niivHiuiiary to IiuliaiiH, 
 
 Utrecht, treaty of, 129. 
 
 Valli<-re, De la, 34. 
 
 Van Itiiuren, '2fil. 
 
 Van Bimkirk family, 231, 255. (See 
 (ienualogiex. ) 
 
 Vaiiiiier arreHted and eHcaiHiH, 07. 
 
 Vetch iHicomeH (Jovernor, H3 ; capturcH 
 priestH and Acadians and holdH au lumt- 
 aueH, 03 ; enliHtH Mohawka in New 
 York, 80 ; builds Mohawk fort, 80, 81; 
 his character and caro»r, 80, 81. 
 
 VillelK)n takes |)OHNesHion of Port Royal, 
 39 ; describes it, 41. 
 
 Villieu, 41. 
 
 War of American revolution, 161 ; atti- 
 tude of people toward, 102; with 
 Franco, 174 ; of 1812, 284 ; disap- 
 provetl of in New Kngland, 285. 
 
 Waterloo fund, 178, 224, 220. 
 
 Watts, Rev. Richard,297; taught school, 
 645. 
 
 Wheelock, Abel, 229. (See (Jenealogies. ) 
 Road, 276. 
 
 Whipping, Punishment of inflicted, 75, 88. 
 
 Whitney, .laniuH, 28,1, 
 
 Whit.'ti'.ld, 300. 
 
 White HouMe Field, a iiart given for 
 "lM)wlinK green," 84 ; for church, 170. 
 
 WillianiN hoime, 185. 
 
 WilliniiiH, Thomas, sen., lAO ; niado 
 priwontT, 104 ; comniiMHioner for iShet- 
 i)urne roail, 170. 
 
 WillianiH, Sir William Kenwick, 164, 177, 
 402, 020, (See (li^noalogieM.) 
 
 Winnictt and Dyson, 147. 
 
 Wilniot, 225 ; namcH of residents in 1777, 
 228; <!ensua of township in 1708,228; 
 pro|«mal to form with Aylesford a new 
 >^ounty, 230 ; population in 1827, 240. 
 
 Windsor Bridge, 282. 
 
 Winniett, .Foseph, 114, nott ; 147. 160, 
 \M), IH2. (See memoir of .Joseph 
 Winniett, M.P.P., and Oenealogies.) 
 Margaret, her gravo-Mtone, 94. 
 
 Wimiiett, Sir VVilliam, 177, 250, 632. 
 (See < Jenealogies. ) 
 
 Winniett, William, has leave to go up 
 the bay to trade, 70; cenMured by 
 council, 70 ; further reference to, 70, 
 80, 90 ; appointed to the Council, 77 ; 
 suHjiended by Armstrong, 83; restored, 
 86;" highly esteemed by Mascareno, 94; 
 death of, and account of his family, 95, 
 (rice memoir of Jos. Winniett, M.P.P., 
 and (Jenealogies.) 
 
 Winslow family, 030, nofe. 
 
 Wmwall, Rev. John, 298. (See Genealo- 
 giea.) Judge. (See "Members" ami 
 (iunealogies. ) 
 
 Wood. Rev. Thomas, 147, 179, 297. 
 
 Woodbury, Jonathan, 201. (See Gene- 
 alogies. ) 
 
 Worster, George, 201 and note. 
 
 Young, Job, and family, 197, 202. (See 
 Genealogies, )