HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Fort Anne
Scale goo ft —1 7n
3.
4.
6.
6.
1. Officers' quarterH (atanding).
2. BarraclcB, burnt 1880.
Site of block-houRe.
Site of bfjmb-proof and
brick barraoKB.
Powder magazine.
Entrance or Black Hole.
7. Sally-port.
8. Site 01 old priBou.
9. Old well.
10. Queen's Wharf.
11. Armourj*.
12. Places for huating Hliot.
13. Bridge over moat.
11. Siteof old French wliarf.
15. Cemetery.
10. Magazine well.
17. Site of old French barnickH
and mess-room.
18. House built b} Benj. M.
(roldsmith, and lonjr oc-
?. cimied by Andrew (ril-
•c niur, au old soldier of
the fort
ZcuJs Whiunan.pSndJ
HIS rORY
oi' Tin;
COUNTY OF ANNAPOLIS
INCLUniNd ULU I'OKT KON'AL AND ACADIA,
Willi
MEMOIRS OK ITS REPRESENTATIVES IN THE PROVINtTAI, I'ARLIAMENI,
AND lUOORAPHICAI, AND (lENEALOGICAL SKETCHES OF ITS
EARLY ENGLISH SETTLERS AND THKIR FAMILIES.
HY THE LATE
W. A. CALNEK
Memlier of the Nova Scotia Historical Society.
EDll'ED AND COMI'LETED ItV
A. W. SAVARY, M.A.
Al'TIIOR OK TIIK " MAVKRV HKNKALOQV,"
Judge of the County Courts of Nova Scotia, Member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, the
Wiltshire (England) Archieologic.Vi .Society, and the .'\inerican Historical Association.
88titb |1ortraits nnb Illustrations.
Salve, iiiagiui iHtreiix fnnjiim, Sattirnin tellim.
Magna virOiii.
— ViROlti, Geori/. Lib. il. 17."!.
TORONTO :
WILLIAPVI BRIGGS,
MONTREAL: C. W. COATES. HALIFAX: S. F. HUESTIS.
LONDON :
rillLLIMORE & CO., 36 Essex St., Strand.
1897
Kntcivd iicooiding to Act of the I'mliiiincnt of Ciinadii, in the yi'iii one
llioiisiiiid ciglit IuiikIiimI and ninety-seven, l._v A. \V. Savakv, at the
Department of Agrieultnic.
in)ITORS PRHFACFi
Fkom fi (Init't prospectus of a " Histinv of lli(> County of Aiimi{K)liH,
its Townships nm\ otlit'i' Scttlcnifi'ts from 1004 to 1H07 " ainon;; tli(^
papers of the hite Mr. Cahitfk, I j^atlier that he was letl to attempt tliis
wofk as an "historical essay " l)y tlie persuasion of the late T. 15. Akins,
Ks(|., D.C fi., Re(!or(l Conmussioner- of Nova Scotia, who ;^a\n him free
access to the "valuable collection of histo'"ical material in manuscript
known as the Nova Scotia archives." Me aKso consulted Champlain and
L'Escarhot, and other early Krench writeis, for the translation of which
lie e.\j)ressed ohliyations to the late P. S. Hamilton, Es(i. He soon
became convinced that justice could not he done to the subject in a mere
es.say, and the work " gradually yiew into the dimensions of a <^ood-si/ed
volume."
As far as t'.ic work had then advanced towaid completion, he sub-
mitted it in ISTi") to tlic governors of King's College, Windsor, and
received for it the " Akins j)ri/e " for county histories. It then consisted
of Chapters T. to V^III., as here arranged, and what was intended for the
first chapters of the histories of the townships of Annapolis, Granville,
Wilmot and Clements, now forming Chapters X., XTI., XIII. and XIV.,
■with the histories of the other .settlements, here embraced in Chapter XV.,
and about a third of the biographical memoirs. His plan embraced every
township and settlement in what is now the County of Digby, down to
the division of the county in 1837, and the memoir.s of the members from
that county down to 1867. After 1875 he proceeded (juite far in the
completion of the remaining memoirs, leaving only about seven of those
prior to 1837 untouched. The memoirs he afterwaids determined to
publish in a separate volume. He, later still, postponed indefinitely the
completion of the history and memoirs, and proceeded to collect and put
in order materials for a volume to be entitled " Biographical and Genea-
logical Sketches of Early English Settlers in the County of Annapolis
and their Descendants," which was nevertheles,s to be in form a " secjuel
to the history." For this book he took up a large subscription list.
Previous to his death it was generally understood that this last work
was near completion ; but it had evidently expanded on his hands to
VI i:niT<»H s iMir.KAi'K.
M-ry um'X|ii'ctril (liiiit'iiNinii.s mid I tniuwl tliiit a very laree iiiiiminl >>(
rt'sf'iircli iinil liilmur wiis y<'t to Im- di-vott'd to it. To liriii^' the 'iiidr
di'scfiulaiits ot' each aiiccstor and their childicii down to the prt'seut
jiciu'ration, iiicludinj,' every family tliat. caiiie hctore 17*'4, aiui remained
and inultipiied here, wiiuhl have imxhiced a \oiiinie of ^r(!'it hulk. I am
ijuite sure tliat it was his intention to iiiclnde sketches of the follosvinjj;
faniiiies, he.-ides thos»« j{iven : Amherman. I)uiin, l'"eh'h, Merry, I'ierce,
and ])rohahly otliers. Die hio<,'rapiiieal notes of each jiioneer settler weie,
as a lule, quite extended, and in almost every case very interestinj;,
espcciallv to his descenchmts ; l)nl in no one instance was the jj;enealojL;y
of a family complete.
When he died, I not o'lly felt tlh' loss of a i^entlemm with whom I
was on the most agieealde terms, anil with whi>m it was to me alwa\s a
great (hOighl to discuss the inic'cstini^ story of old Annapolis : hut I was
also keeidy sensihlt! of the misfortune the county and the reading puhlic
everywhere had sustained by the untoword interruption of the important
woi'k to which he had devoted so ntueh time and lahour.
Not Ion;,' after- his death, the late Mr. H. S. Mct'ormiik, wlios*' sudden
iiiid untimely death al.so the commuiuty has had lately to dejjlore, and
who, in tlie press under his control, had done much to encourage and
assist the lamented author, called on me to in(|uire if T would undertake
to (jomplete tin; work, or assist him and tlu^ deceased author's son, Mr.
F. H. S. CaliKik, of Westville, Pictou County, in trying to di.scover some
one who would. Conscious of my inability to do it justice, and doubtful
if I could spare th(; time from the imperative claims of otlicial duty, T
declined; and it was not until two years or more had elapsed, and neither
of us could think of any (tne who was willing or might be persuaded to
assume the task, and T felt that the early publication of the work had
become a necessity, that I comnmnicated to tlie gentleman named my
tardy and reluctant consent. On receiving the nianusciipts and carefully
examining them, T came near lajing by the genealogies in utter despair;
but soon found that to do .so would grievously disap{)oint very many, for
it was in them rather than in the history and memoirs that the local
interest had mainly centred.
I therefore resolved to include all the material intended for the three
books in one, completing the history and memoirs, but compi-essing the
biographical sketche.s, and curtailing the genealogies by confining them
to the first two or three generations. To procure the material to fill up
the blanks in the genealogies, and to correct the numerous errors unavoid-
able in the original draft of such a work, and to rearrange and rewrite
this matter so as to make it convenient for publication as a supplement
to the history, involved enormous correspondence and the closest possible
application for many months. This portion I was obliged to entirely
El'ITOHS I'UKFACK. VII
rec'UHt ami rerri<"|rl. F slimild Miy Imtc lliat tlic ctyinolnyy of the hui-
immos is ivlinost iilways my own ; and sd in tim '^n-nt iiiajority of fiini's
is till' lint' of (Icscciit ;{iv<'ii fi'om tlic iniiiii};i'atit ancestor, dcrivcfl fi'oin
;,'<'in'alo<,'i(al I'lililicatioiin loceiitiy insui-d. In the nionioirs I liavt-
(•nd<;ivoui"d to stfikf! out aiiytliirij^' already >,'iveM in tlit? earlier por-
tions, intended for a sejiaiate hook, Imt I i<';,'ret to find tliiit, in one
iiistanee, tliri.U!,'h an oversight, I liaM' |iattially failed to lo so. In
ntliei' I'esjiects, except in the slij{lit clian;^es iiecessai'y to avoid an
apparent anachronism, all Mr. CalnekV, woi-k is just as he left it. The
ivHult (»f my later discoveries in connection with early events is found
in footnoti's or ajt|)endix, and in 'Additions and Corrections" in the
concludih<{ pa;,'es. The niem<>ir of Judi^e .Johnstone is an abbreviation
of the one published by .Mr. Calnek in pamphlet form in 1884.
Voluminous notes of the author, from which he intended to com-
plete the history, came into my 'nands, a riuli.i inUif/nxfai/ni' nio/en,
nnich of it only capable of inteUiji{ent ust^ Iv its compiler; and I have
licen (tblij^ed to make continual apj)lication to old "ecords of various
kinds at Halifax in order to brinj,' down to date the history fron> the
point where .Mr. I'alnek had left it. In this I havt' received tlie most
cheerful and industrious assistance from Mr. Harry Piers, of the
fiegitilative library. In the yenfcaloj,'ies I am e(|ually indebted to Mr.
William E. Chute, whose knowledge of Annapolis County family history
is prodi^^ious. To those two gentlemen 1 am under a veiy great
oblii^ation. To tht; following gentlemen al.io I am indebted: Rev. Dr.
Willetts, Pn-sidont, and Rev. Professor Vrooni, Librarian, of King's
College, for placing the essay in the library at my disposal ; Dr. Charles
(!ray, of Mahone l>ay, for some notes of his own, and a good deal of the
matter recoided on page 180 ; Mr. Isaiah Wilson, author of a history of
the County of Digby ; that most valuable institution, the N. E. llistoric-
(lenealogical Society of Boston, and Mr. I'\ W. Parks, its assistant
Librarian ; Mr. W. H. Roach of this town, for accurate infornuition
always cheerfully afTorded ; Air. (J. S. iirown, of Boston, author of a
histoiy of Yarmouth ; Uev. Anson Titus, of Tufts College, Massachusetts ;
the military authorities in Halifax, for permission to search the military
records there, and to 8ergeant-Major Thomas, for making the .searches ;
Hev Dr. Patterson, of New <!lasgow, for important matter recently com-
municated ; Messrs. (t. P. Putnam's Sons, New Yoik, for permission to
use the illustration of Champlain's fort, from IJourinot's "Story of
Canada" ; and Mr. Louis Whitnuin, C.E., for the plan of Fort Anne in the
frontispiece. Nor must I omit the press of Annupolis and Digby counties,
especially the Bridgetown Monitur. I further acknowledge substantial
pecuniary assistance toward the cost of publication from Dr. Maurice
Calnek, of Costa Rica, and ihe offer of similar aid, if necessary, from
Hon. J. ^' '. Longley and C. D. Cory, Esq., of Halifax.
VIU EDITOUS I'l!i:i'ACE.
Tho l)ooks to which T am iii(lel)te(l aro for tlio most part iiKMitioiicd in
the footnotes; Ijut T sliould especially add the "Cliute Genealogies,"
"The Transactions of the N. S. Historical Society," "Tlie N. K.
Historical and (Jenealogical Kegister," Parkman's works, Archbishop
O'Brien's "Life of I'.ishop Burke," Bill's " Kifty Years with the
Baptists," Smith's "History of Methodism in Eastern British Americii,"
and Eaton's "History of the Church of England in Nova Scotia. '
I feel I have hut imperfectly accomplished J, task tliat shouh] have
fallen into abler and more practised hands ; but I venture to hope tliat
the result of my labour may not be without interest and utili'y to the
{)eople of this county, and to the readers and students of history
generally.
W. A. CALNEK.
The birth and ancestry of Mr. Calnek appears in the Calnek
)^enealogy, page 485. He was educated at the Collegiate School,
Windsor, N.S., but did not matriculate for the university. His pre-
paratory education was excellent, but he had no knowledge of French.
In early life he taught school, but later adopted land-surveying as a
proicssion, and afterwards was for a numl)er of years editor of county
newspapers. Later, he resumed the work of land-surveying, and was, in
l.'^72 and 187.'^ employed by the " Anticosti Colonization Company," in
a responsible position on an exploratoiy survey of the Island of Anticosti.
History, biography and genealogy had for him irresistible charms, and he
was early a valued member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society.
Intelligent application to authorities, the faculty of critical analysis, and
a retentive memory were qualifications in which he was conspicuous, and
which well fitted him for the task he had undertaken.
I have no doubt completion of the work was in later years delayed by
his failing health, as well as by the necessity of attentling to his regular
avocations. He was a man of genial and ';indly disposition, and while of
strong political convictions, moderate and considerate in his expression of
them, a loyalist and patriot to his heart's core, and a gentleman at all
times and everywhere. The circumstances attending his death are stated
in the following obituary notice from tfie Bridgetown Monitor, of
Wednesday, June 15, 1892 :
" This community was greatly .shocked on Monday evening l)y tiie announcement
tliat Mr. Wm. A. Calnek, well and favourably known throughout the entire county
and province at large, had suchlenly fallen from a chaii' in the store of Joim Lockett,
Ksq., and almost instantly expired. During the afternoon Mr. Calnek lia<l been
th'iven to town by a friend from Clarence, at who.sc residence lie had ])assed the
preceding nighfc, ami intended taking the afternoon express foi Paradise, at which
KUITUUS PKEFACK. IX
point 111 liiiil l)(>i'n ongiigeil to <lo some liinclsurvevinj,'. Not iirriving in time to
niaki' tlir ronnection lie tleciileil to icniain until llio following <liiy, and spent the
teniainiler of the afternoon in (.alliny on his intimate friends al)ont tow n, lepairing
to the Revere House at six o'eloek, where he partook of tea. To all ap])earanees he
was in his usual health, though he had informed one oi' two j>arties with whom he
had conversation, that he rather over-exerted himself on Saturday, aikl as he ex-
j>ressed it, thought he was threatened on Sunday night with an attaek of pneu-
monia, as he had laid on his lied in a state of great restlessness wliieh was attended
by eonsiderahle ])ain alu .it the ehest.
" Aftei- tea he proceeded to Medieal Hall for the [mrpose of puruhasing a hottio
of medieiriL, liiit t'uding it closed, stepped across the street into the store of John
Lockett, Ks(£., with whom he was enjoj'ing a social ehaL, when his eyes suddenly
liccanie fixed, and an instant afterwards he fell to the floor. Mr. Loekett at onee
<-aIled .J. ( . H. Parker, Ks(|., who haiipeiied to he passing, into the store, and he
was followed hy his hrother-in-law , James Primrose, D.D.S., when the unfortunate
man was laid on the counter, and over^-thing done for his comfort and relief. Dr.
DeBIois was .soon on the spot, and ever}' possible elToi t made to restore life, all of
which proved fruitless. Throngs of people had in the meantime gathered about the
head of the street, and many were the expressions of deep regret and sympjithy
when it wa.s found that life was extinct.
"Mr. Calnek, as stated, was widely known, greatly respected, and was looked
upon by all who had the pleasure of his accjuaintaiiee as fine of the most brilliant
aiid intellectual Nova Seotians of the day. A large jiortion of his early life was
9i)ent in the publication of newspapers, ami we believe he was the first to establish
i<, newspajier — tlie 'I'lxtern Neirs — in tiiis, his native .umnty. As a poet he has
gained tdr himself many Mattering encomiums, and as a writer, historian and
scholar, he was recognized as one of the clever men of the period. His facile pen
has contributed many articles to some of the leading magazines iind other prominent
publications now being issued, all of which have displayed rare literary ability."
Mr. Murdoch, the accomplished autlior uf the well-known " Hi.stoiy
of Nova Scotia," deemed tl)e " In memoriam stanza.s " written by Mr.
Calnek, " to the memory of Henry (Jodfrey, connnander of the privateer
Rovp.r, who died in Jai.iaicfi in 1803," worthy of being perpetuated in
iiis hook, where tliey will be found in the Appendix to Chapter XVI. of
Vol. I IT., page 200.
CONTENTS.
(.'IIAI'TKK I. -I(i04-ltil3.
I'AHK
Voyage aii<l explorations of Deinonts — His resolve to settle iit Port Royal —
Joined liy I'ontgrave with iiioie colonists -His letuin to France — Conies
hack with the lawyer and jioet UKsoarbot and more emigrants — Life
at tile fort — First ship and mill built — The Indian Chief Memliertou
— Poutrincourt goes to Paris and returns to Port Royal — Conversion
and baptism of Indians — Destruction of the fort and settlement by
Argall I
ClIAl'TER II.~lGi;M68t).
IJiencourt and womo colonists icinain — Sir \V. Alexander and the Scotch fort
— The l)e la Tours — Kax.illi — D'Aulnay dc Chariiisay — Quarrels and war
lietwccn liim an<l Latour — Takes Latoui"s fort- His death — Le Horgne
— Capture of Port Royal and its restoration — La Valliere — Perrot —
Census— Names of Freiu'h colonists . . . . . . .16
ClI.M'TKR III. — 1()S()-1705.
Mennoval appointed (iovernor— I'apture of Port Royal by I'liipps— Piratical
raid— Villcbon returns anil takes possession — His deatii — Brouillan
(Jovernor — Discr.vds, jtvdoiisics cin-l scM'idjils — Seigniory of Port Royal
gi'anted to Latour's heirs — Colonel Church's inva.sion — Deatli of
Brouillan .............
CllAI'TKK IV. — 1705-1710.
Subercase (ioveinor — Attack from .Massachusetts under Colonel March —
Events and vicissitudes of the siege — Tiie Knglisli withdraw with heavy
loss — Ordered to return — The struggle renewe<l — Kiiglish again discom-
fited—They retire — Diary of the expedition by a Chaplain — Bomb-
proof powder magazine built and barracks finished — Final capture of
Port Royal by Nicholson
ClIAl'TER V. -1710-1732.
Vetch the first English Governor — Acadians complain of hi', treatment of
them— Seek aid from the (Jovernor of Canada to leave— Bloody Creek
— Nicholscm tiovernor- Queen Anne's letter— Census of 1714— Phillipps
(iovernor— Council appointed — Ma.searene's description of the town —
Xll CONTKNT.S.
Attacks liy Iiidiiins — Civil coui't esliiliiislicil -A cliniciil wcaiitlal -
Treaty with tiie Incliuiis -Annstroiig Lieut. -(iovei'iioi' - Doucet'-s tleatii
— Frt'iieh take ((ualilieil oatii — Commission of the Peaci!— Cosby Lieut.-
(ioveiiior -I'hillipps ivturns to t lie seat of ( io\frinuei't — Again leaves
— Ainistionj; Lieut. -tiovernor — l^aml giants ......
(i»
{•ii.MTKK VL 1732 174-_*.
Acadians troublesome - Potty erinies in the to^vn — I'olico establishe<l — Arm-
.strong's hostility to Wiiiniett — He diseusses the claim of Latour's family
— Mrs. Buckler's strange story — (iraiit of townsliip of Norwich —
Suicide of Armstrong Mascarcne returns Cold and scarcity — Death
of Winniett and Cosby H2
Cii.Ai-TKR VIL- 1742-1 74(!.
Mascarene's desi'ription of town and fort — He becomes (iovei'tior of both —
War with France-— Le Loutre lea<ls the Indiaiis in an attack — Invests
the town— Du Vivier"s foi-niidable attack He fails to terrify the
neutral.s into joining him— Skirmishes and ))ro|)osals for cajjitidation —
He raises the siege — Marin's weaker attempt Position and conduct of
Acadians— Xaval defensive measures ....... 07
CUAl-TKR VII L — 1740-1 7.')().
Ramuzay invests Annapolis — Mascarene reinforced — Noble's force at (irand
Pre surprise<l and cut to pieces — Arrest of twelve French traitoi's
wanted — Morris' proposal to settle English families between the
Acadian settlements — Peace Halifax founded by Cornwallis -Becomes
the capital — Acadians refuse to take uncjualiticd oath— Ask leave to
depart — Leave refused — How's tieachei'ous murder — Lawrence Oov-
ernor — French at Annapolia again ask leave to retire — Their stuldcn
seizure and dispersion .......... 109
Chapter IX.
The seizure and disj)eraion of the Acadians reviewed and considereil . . 123
CiiAPTKii .\.— THK TOWNSHIP OF ANNAPOLLS.-17r).') 1775.
Description of the township — Evans' journal — Pas.scngers by the Uharmimj
Molly — Census of 17t)8 and 1770 — State of township in 1703— Social
aspects, 1770-80 — Appendix — Names of grantees in grant of 1759 . . y'145
Chapter XL -TOWNSHIP OF ANNAPOLIS, CONCLUDED.
Loyalist refugees arrive— Invasion of the town in 1781 — The Loyalists — A plot
to rob and murder in 1785 — Capitation tax list of 1702— Court-house
and jail — Town officers, 1797— Description of the town in 1804— The
same in 1820— Its antiijuity — The fort — Churches — Olil buihlings — The
fire recoril — Revived prosperity — Appendix — A remarkable i)rayer —
Verses— Relics— The Gohlsmiths-Thc " Ki.sing Village" . . .101
CONTENTS. xiii
CiiAiTKK XII. -THK TOWNSHIP OK ORANVILLP].
Dtisci'iption- (Iriiiits issiieil — Si'ttlers iiirive— XaiiK's of grantees — Conmis of
I7I!7 and 1770 — Names of earlj* settlers and tlieii- families— The I'atten-
P'ariiswdith feud — Reju'eseiitation of the (•onnty— River tislieiies — The
Shaw einhidjilio — Xaiiii's of militiamen -Arrival of Loyalists - Roads to
Hav of Kuiidy Shaw and Millidge eleelion — Disimtcs ahout tlie fisheries
Bridgetown 192.
(JnAiTKK .XIII.-THK TOWNSHIP OK WIL.MOT.
Des'iviption (Irant to Pliilip Riehanlson — General Kuggles— (irant of 1777 —
Loyalists and settlers from Granville -Capitation taxpayers, 17i*'2-94 —
New (liaiits — Letters of Surveyor-tieneral Morris — Colonel Hayard —
Melancholy event at Reagh's Cove— Fires — New Roads— Bridges —
Ki'tuins of cultivated land under Bounty Act, l.S0(>-7 — Petition for
union with Aylesfoi'd in a new county — Middleton — Torlirook and Tor-
lirook mines — Margaretsville ......... 225'
CiiAiTKit XIV. -THE TOWNSHIP OF CLKMENTS.
Grant of the township— Villages — Names and notices of grantees an<l settlers
— ('aj)itatioii tax list of 17!n — New families— The herring fishery —
Allain's River bridge — Bear River, past and present — Notes hy the
PMitor on the place names ......... 24;V
CiiAi'TKK XV. -LATER SETTLEMENTS.
Ualliousie — Lots granteil- Return of sett'.ers in 1820 — Fatal (juarrel— Families
of early settlers — A foul murdei' — Maitland — The Kemptous - Early
grantees — Northfield — Delong settlement — Perrott settlement — Rox-
Iniry — Bloomingtou — New Alhany — First grantees of — Statement of
settlenu'nt, 1817— Springfield — Falkland —Lake Pleasant . . . 260'
CiiAiTKH WI.-HISTORY OF THE COUNTY AT LAR«;E, CONTINUED.
Roads and liiidges — .Mail connnunications and facilities for travel improving
— War of 1812— Sundry events — Election of 1836 — Division of the
county — Politics of the county — Responsible government - J. W.
Johnstone — The college tjuestion — Recent politics — Appendix — W. H.
Kay — Remarkable storms and weather — Executions in the county —
A sad event 282
CiiAiTKR XVIL— RELIGION AND THE CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY.
Roman Catholic— Church of England — Congregationalist — Baptist — Methotlist
—Presbyterian— Adventists 295-
Chapter XVIII.
Lists of public officers — Justices of the Peace— Members of the Legislature,
etc. — Census statistics— The apple trade 309'
XIV
CONTEXTS.
lUOCRAI'HICAL MKMOIHS
|-.\IIR
Of meinliL-r.s of tlio I'roviriiiiil I'lirliameiil for tlu' county of Aiiiiii))i)lis iiinl it.s
sevoral townsliipa, from the year 175!* to tlic yi'iii 1807 .... 323
BIOdHArHKJAL AND (iKNKALOCU AL SKKTCHKS
Of till' families of tlie i-iirly Kiiglisii m'tlliTs ami jjjraiitci's of the county of
Aniiupoliis, ai'iangctl alj>lial>c-tiually, Armstrong to ^'oiiiig 465
ADDITIONS AND CORRKCTIONS.
Full immos of Dcnionts and others — Moru about tliu Masonic slono — Bicncoui't's
alleged death in Aeadie discussed -Further uccoinit of Mascarene —
Proscription of Loyalist women — List of loyal companies at Aniuipolis
— (irand jury, 1797 — Denmlition of liloek-house - First responsihle
Kxocutive -Further ])articulars of the political strife, 1S4.S to 1S47, in
Aniuipolis county — Further list of nwigislrates I'hineas and James R.
Lovett, M.lM's. — Moody's sword — Fui'ther notes on Barclay, the
Ritchies, and Bass, Berteaux, Cliipnian aii<l Clark families
t>41
ILLUSTRATIONS
OrPORITB
PACK
Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal . . , . Frontispiece
Champlain's Plan op Port Royal, 1605 {from Bourinot's *' Story
of Canada," by permission of G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York) 6
Plan of thb Fort in 1710 62
Paul Mascarenb 93
Sir William Fenwick Williams 159
Sir William J. Ritchie 177
Fort and Part of the Town in 1829 183
The Old Court-House 286
Judge James W. Johnstone 289
Rev. Jambs Robertson ........ 299
Rev. Robert A. Chbslet . 306
Col. James Db Lancby 342
Judge Thomas Ritchie . . . . . . . 394
William H. Roach 409
Judge T. C. Haliburton 418
Rev James J Ritchib 576
Rrv Abraham Spurr Hunt 606
The Old " Williams House " 629
ERRATA
Ptifjo 82, 4th lino of tho title, tor " Mascarono " read " Cosby."
1G4, lino 25, tor " officers " read "officer."
180, lino 12, for "this" read •' thoir."
183, line 33, for " 1878 " read " 1881." (Soo page 646.)
293, line 14, for " 1877-1878 " read " 1887-1888."
298, line 37, 6th from bottom, for " 1867 " road " 1876."
307, lino 11, for " VVm M." road "Charles M."
311, between lines 4th and 5th fnmi the bottom, road " 1816.
County, Cereno U. Jones, in place of Polog VViswall";
alst) between linos 6th and 7th from lx)ttom read "1808.
William Robertson, in placeof Thomas Walker, Hnseatod."
315, line 29, opposite " Perkins, Rev. Cyrus," for " Inimigrnnt"
read " Loyalist."
334, lines 7, 8, for " He died at Annapolis, agetl 84," etc., read
"He died in 1801, aged 90."
396, line 30, (lotli from b(.ttom), for " 10th " read " 13th."
400, lines 21 to 30, erase from "Mr. Robertson " to "children."
find read " JNIr. Robertson's wife's name was Mary
Adelia, but her maiden surname is unknown," and after
line 33 add " his eldest son William married Sarah,
daughter of Major Robert Timpany."
475, line 37 (1 2th from bottom), for "Asa" read " Abel."
480, line 17, for " Elizabeth " i-ead " Martha."
490, line 34, strike out here the words " by second wife," and
read them between 8th and 9th lines from the
bottom, before " xii. Thomas Holmes."
491 , line 29, et seq. For " The Rev. John was father of Ward*
Chipman, b. 1754, graduate of Harvard, a Loyalist, who
was father of Hon. Ward"' Chipman," read " The Rev.
John was father of John* Chipman, born 1722, died 1768,
a member of the Mas.«acliusetts Bar, who was father of
Hon. Ward' Chipman, b. 1754, graduate of Harvard,
Loyali.st, Judge and Administrator of the Government of
Now Brunswick, and father of Hon Ward" Chipman,
Chief Justice "
580, line 8, after " Mayberry " read ' n^e Bruce."
593, line 14, for " Thomas " read "Frances" f^sson, as the wife
of Stephen Millidge Ruggles.
FURTHER ERRATA.
Page 475, 12t!i lino from tlio bottom, for "Asa" read " Abhl."
" 491, 16th line from the bottom, for " 1792" read » ViiO."
" 501, line 2:\, for "Jane " read " Tsaac."
" 502, line 12, for "1787 " read " 1797."
" 505, line 4, for " Catharine " read " Elizabeth '' ; line 19, for " Miss
IJaker" read "Ann Robinson"; line 22, for "1?<20" read
"1821"; line 25, for "Allan" read "Alline."
" 515, 11th line from bottom, should rerd " vi Henry, b. 1797, d.
1869, m. Mary Bent, hiwl 6 or 7 ch., all living near Annapolis."
" 516, line "1, for "d. unm." read " m. INIaria, dau. of R. Leslie
Hardwiok."
" 55:i, 'ine 11, for " Newton " read " Morton."
" 556, line 26, for "country" read "county."
" 571, 16th line from bottom, for " Richard J." read " Richard, jun."
" 581, line 14. for "— Park man " read "J. D. Parkinson, of Forest
Glen, Maryland."
" 593, 8th line from bottom, " Elizabeth G., dau of Joseph Rice,"
should be " Elizabeth S., da'i. of James Rice." (See p. 571.)
" 602, 7th line from the bottom, for " Obadiah Moore " read " Obadiah
Morse."
" 619, 13th line from bottom, between "Jane" and "Ditmars" read
"dau. of George Vroom, and wid. of Isaac."
" 620, after line 17, add " vi. T^K^rama, m. Isaac Ditmars."
" 623, line 21, for "George" read "David" (See p. 504.); line 22,
for "young" read "aged, unm."
" 625, line 4, for "memoir" read "memoirs."
" 626, 5th line from bottom, after "dau. of "and before "Edward"
read " Ebenezer, and sister of"; 4th line from bottom, for
"Osmond " read " Esmond."
" 627, line 2, for "Edward" read "Edmund Spurr."
" 639, lines 27, 31 and 32, transfer Chalmers from ch. of Elisha to
ch. of Isaac Woodbury, jun.
" 640, line 7, for "James" read "Edward M."
ADDUKSS FOU TIIK I^IJEKN'S JUIULKK CEI.KBRATION
AT ANNAI'OMS UOYAL, .ITNK J-'m), \H\)-.
No place t'ould Iuim- Ihh'm selected so suitiil.'lc as this to excite and
intensify the emotion wliicli the occasion insjtires ; an occasion unique in
the loni^ and f^lorious history of our nation and its institutions. We
stand within si<^lit of i\n-. spot where the spirit of civilization llrst {grap-
pled with the dark and towerin;{ wilderness that covei'ed this ccjntinent
three hundred years ago. One year before .Jamestown in N'iririnia, the
oldest lMij(lish settlement in Ameiica, was founded, and two yeai's before
anj- other buildini,' than tiie wij^wain of the s,iva<^e stood on the site of
old Queb(!c, the inhabitants of the villajje and fort lying live miles west
of us, had successfully cultivated the soil on w hich Annapolis Koyal now
stands, and tsrected buildings in which to store its products. Seven years
later the tirst fort and settlement were violently broken up, and their
occu[)ants sei/.ec' and carried awa}' prisoners, except a small renuiant who
fixed their future abodes on this spot, whicii from that time, if not from
the earlier date, became the continuous scene of civili/.ed domestic life
and rational human enjoyment. France, the most polislied nation of
Europe, gave of her noblest blood and bravest chivalry to tlie work of
planting Christianity and civilization on these wild but beautiful shores.
Can we picture to ourselves the scene which met the eyes of the brave
adventurers, or the tunotions which thrilled their hearts, as they explored
this basin and river, then " unknown to song," and reared their new
homes amid such sublime but gloomy and desolate surroundings ? How
do the spirits of these pioneers of civilization, the dust of some of whom
rests in unmarked and foi'gotten graves around us, seem to haunt <>very
street and alley, every by-way and corner of the old town ; Champlain,
the geographer and fearless explorer ; Poutrincourt, the brave and loyal ;
and IJiencourt, his no less gallant and unfortunate son ; Pierre DuGuast,
Muis D'Entremont, the learned L'Escarbot, lawyer, historian and i)oet ;
LaTour, the brave soldier and skilful dii)lomat. A few years latei' there
rises grand and portentous the gloomy figure of D'Aulnay de Charnisay,
who in 1G34 besgan the erection of this fort, and under whom it hajipened
that the litth; river Letjuille, that flows past us, ran red with the blood of
Frenchmen shed bv Frenchmen.
XX IIISTOIIV nl' ANN M'dl.lS.
As cukiviilcil spots, ifrliiiini'il \t\ llic IiiumI of' iiuliisWy tVuiii tlic tiilf
(III i\w Olio Hide, uiiil till- foi'i'st Mil tlic iitlii I', lii'.'iin tn lirii,r|itt'ii iiii<i
^liiddiMi tlin laiiilH''n|i(> -iilas, ilml tliis hIihiiM I niir llir liiittlo-^rnuiul
of till' two (MiriHtiiiii ii.iliiiiis \* III! wiTi' t'ori'iiicist in Innnaii I'littriiriMr iiiiil
pro;{ri'Hs, cimti'iiiliii^ ainimii tlicsi- llicii t'uriMiilalilt' I'aiiipai'ts tor thi'
inastt-ry ov«'r a' oiitiiH'Mt thai Im1(imi,'i'iI <>t' riylit to n«Mtlior, hut wrh sun^ly
lurj^e ciiouyh to satisfy the onpiility or j^ratit'y iIh' amliitii.,i of l)n;,li.
I5ut otliiM' cliaracti'i's in timi' ajiprar nn the sliit'tiii^^ patioi'Miia of
events; tliu skill ami salor nf Siilii'rcasf aiiil tin- i|i'\(itioii of his L'allaiit
troops fail to upliolii tlir i-aiisi' of i-'rain-i- : ami we catch a ;,'liinpsr of the
rpHoliitf ami dctci iniiuMi Nicholsuii, the prudent and tai-tfiil N'cti'li, tlio
jfrawiful and jicncnuis .Nra>icari'iic, liimsclf licaiini; in his \cins the licst
iiioiid of Frail''!', lait driven liy n-liLjioiis intolerance to liecoiiie a itritish
HuhJHct, und destined to lie the liist to niouiit jjiiard at tlie old fort after
it liad liiially and forevi'c pa-sed from the contioi of his native to tliut of
his adopted I'ountry. Here soon came in succession l)uvivier, Marin and
Kami'/ay, in hrave hut unavailin'^ etl'orts to recovt r for ('"rancid the jewel
that had heeii snatched fi'oin her crown ; and tlie dusky son of liaron
CiiMtine, his veins f^lowiiiLj wit h tiie ininuled hlood nf I'rench noliles and
Aliioiiipiin chiefs -itiove in vain that the liai; of his fathers uii;,dil lloat
once more ever i le hirth jilace of his Acadian iii'idi'. Oh, what hrave
hearts hu\e heen stirred at the tiuinpJ't's call, and stillud in a soldier's
death within and around these wjdls, as the hanners of England and
France rose and fell in alternate ti-iuinpli or disastei' ovr the hastion of
the old fort !
Thu ilashiiijj tixop, the llashiiijj liluilc
Tliu liuglc's -tirriiig Itlast,
Tlie chiii'gf, the lircailful (•aiinoiiinh',
'riif iliii iUiil shout are past ;
Nor war's wild note, nor gliii ys peal,
.Slinll thrill with iiurco delight
Those Ill-easts tliiit neveriiioic shall fin-l
The iai»tuic of the liglit.
Next, the forms that we would " heckon from the shadowy past," are
those of Armstron;j;, Dnucet (another expatriated Frenchman), Phillips,
Hoar, How, Winniett. Williams, Coshy, Lawrence, Hanfield ; and now
we witness the descendaiils of the first permanent settlers, after about
fift}' years' unwillinj^ detention, suddenly snatched from their ahodes of
peace aud plenty, and
iSeattcred like dust and loaves when the mighty hhists ot Oelolier
Seize them and w liirl them aloft and scatter them far o'er tlie ocean.
Mitigate the event as we ma}', the eye of history can never he closed to
the revolting aspects of this sad episode, nor the ear of posterity be deaf
AltDllKSS KOU TIIK gllKKNS .irillLKE (KI.KIlUA lloN. XXI
t(t the wiiiliiiys nt' (l»'M|iair tliiil ur'osc to linivoii fvitm this \iilltiy 11'-' yfiirs
n^it. Tlu' ii'i;;nin}.( iiuKuirfli iind his tniiiisicrs wen? in iitttT i^noriiiici^ of
tliin uiil'x'itish tniiiMiu'ti<iii until it hml hrt-n |)itiiii)c(l and cxcciitfd in tiif
King's niuiic l)y ihi' jirovincial authorities: mid llrr Miijifsty's grand-
father saw witli joy tiie siirvivois of tlie I'xilf ri'tmning tol>uild up under
happier' nuNpiei's new ami pidspf-rous t'oniinunities in cthci' set'tions of the
I'roN inee ; and the lei^n of N'ieturia has seen their descendants fitly and
with the clearest marks of puldic favor and royal approval, exalted to
• he hi;;hest places in the ^{((vcrnnienl of the country. Kive years later
we see a iiand of enterprising,' New Mnyland innni;;rants llockin;,' in t<»
occupv the vacant fauns an<l reap the henelit, althou^'h free from the
uuilt. of the measure that had left tlieni tenantless. Twenty years later
the stream of exile is reversed ; and in hunj^er, want aiul distress, the
victims .)f the American levolutioii, persecuted hy a resentment as hitter
and rancorous as it was un'ihilosophical, swarmed to this harhoi', brinj^ing
ill the honored eames of IJarclav, W'lswall, Uailey, De l.ancey, Davoue,
l!ul)inson, iiungles ;- hut where shall I stop i'l the lony array of names
iHirne l)y theso nusii of sterling principle and lofty aim, who, with tlie
wives and sisters and daughters who shared their exile, and softened their
hitter lot, and cheered them to their iiigh endeavor, made this place the
cpiiti'e of a beneficent intellectual and social influence, whose circum-
ferenci' embraced the six counties represenHMl here i )-da}' ?
I will not delay you by touching on more than one of the nuinberhss
absorbing topics which the retrospect of Jler Majesty's reign suggests.
T will only say that, while her gteat pred«'ct'ssors eidarged the irdluence
of England by the agency of the sword, her reign has, comparatively
speaking, b(teu an era of peace. Under the arts of pcc.ce has, in our day,
grown up that GreiUer Itritaiu, like the eastern banyan tree, whose wide
branches, bending down to earth, themselves strike root in the soil and
produce each ji new trunk, making indeed many diHerent trew, but, —
emblem of the tnnpiie and its (olonies, all one and indivisible. More
than (,nce has Her Majesty's inlluence and authority been exerted in the
interests of peace, and the nation on calmer retrospect has had reason to
rejoice that the sovereign was not the mere auto!iiaton in the hands of
her ministers that some writers think it their duty to de.scribe hei-. Tt
is very reinarkal>le that in rlmost every case where she is known to have
seiiously differed from her advisers; the event has proved that she was
right and thcMr policy was the mistaken one. We cannot ignore this
fac" on such an occasion as the present, however discomforting to the few
who refuse to beUeve that a constitutional and limited, bu a real, and
not a mere effete or shadowy monarchy, contains more of the elements of
stabnlity to the state and happiness to the people than any other form of
government. And now if the nation and the world are to escape the
XXn HISTOKY (t^' ANNAPOLIS.
horrors of war thrt'iitoned b\' the critical situation in Eastern Europe, I
am sure it will not be due so niucli to the passionate protests and power-
ful eloquence of a Gladstone, or the astute and resolute diplomacy of a
Salisbury^; but rather, as in former flays, to the Christian temper, the
calm jud;^ment, the habitual moderation of sentiment, the practical
sagacity of the monarch, the sixtietli year of whose reign, the longest and
happiest in English history, her subjects now celebiate.
And while, with becoming reverence for the heroes and worthies of
the past, we meet in tiiis historic spot, where there are borne to us from
the ages the d rum-beat of the militaiy muster, and the clash and clang
of opjiosing arms, and fancy catches the echoes of hostile cannon, with
which these hillsides for a ccniury and a half almost unceasingly
resounded ; l)ut where we and our fathers for si.xty, nay, for a hundred
years, have enjoyed the blessings of an unbroken peace, and every other
bounty that Providence can bestow on His most favored children ; well
may «)ur hearts swell with ^'motions of unspeakable gratitude and loyal
devotion, as our voices blend in that magnificent pu'an which to-day in
every clime, with the rising, the mid-ilay and the descending sun, rolls
joyfully around the world.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
CHAPTER I.
1604-1613.
Voyage and explorations of Denionts — His resolve to settle at Port Royal — Joined
l)y Pontgrave with more colonists — His return to France — Conies back with
the lawyer and poet L'Escarbot and more emigrants — Life at the fort — First
ship and mill Iniilt — The Indian Chief Meml)ertou — Poutrincourt goes to
Paris and returns to Port Royal — Conversion and baptism of Indians —
Destruction of the fort and settlement by Argall.
WHAT memories cluster around the basin of old Port Royal I
What visions of brave hearts and strong hands, of adventurous
enterprise and religious zeal, of coil and hardship, and of alternate suc-
cess and failure rise before the mind at the mention of its name ! It
was beside its waters that the first permanent settlement was made by
European immigrants in this great Canadian dominion. Three years
beforf; a white man's hut had been built on the site of Quebec, a fort and
village were to be found upon its shores, and the problem of the cultiva-
tion of Acadian soil had been successfully solved by the production of
both cereal and root crops. Its waters also received on their smiling
bosom the first vessel built on the Continent, and the first mill con-
structed in North America was built on a stream whose limpid waters
found their way into its hill-surrounded and protected reservoir. Its
shores, too, witnessed the first conquest made by Christianity, in the
conversion of the brave and friendly old Indian sachein, Membertou,
and there also echoed the first notes of poetic song heard in British
America — sung in honour of tlie founder of the French dominion in the
New World. Its shores formed, for more than one hundred years, the
centre of civilization and progress in Acadie — a civilization that was to
extend to the valleys of the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence ; and its
waters were reddened by the first blood shed in the long and fiercely
contested struggle between France and England for the possession of the
Continent. These and many other facts and incidents connected with
its early days and history, make this locality of especial interest to every
2 HISTORY OK ANXAI'OLIS.
Canadian, no matter to what province he may belong, or from what
lineage he may have descended.
According to tLe most reliable accounts it was probably about the
middle of June, 1604, that Demonts and his associates with their vessels
entered the AniNipolis Basin, and it is more than likely they were the
Hrst Europeans whose eyes had rested on the glorious picture presented
by the natural features of that .lelightful locality.
The ships which conveyed the adventurers to the scene of their future
ettlement, sailed from Havrede-Orace, on the 7th of March, 1604, and
reached Lahave after a voyage of one month's duration. From this
place they proceeded to the harbour of Liverpool, from which, after
having confiscated the vessel of a trader — whose name, Rosignol, is still
perpetuated in the name of one of the lakes in Queens County —they
sailed onward to Port Mouton, where they landed and remained nearly
\ month, awaiting the arrival of another ship of the expedition laden
with supplies. During this interval Demonts* and his secretary, Ilallieu,
accompanied by Champlain and a few others, among whom was D'Aubrey,
• priest, proceeded in a boat, or pafoche, along the coast westwardly
to Cape Sable, thence northwardly through iSt. Mary's Hay and Petite
Passage, into the Bay of Fundy, and thence eastwardly to the strait
leading into Port Uoyal Lasin, through which they passed into it, though
it does not appear that they then explored its extent. It was during
this little explorato' y voyage that the priest managed to lose himself in
the forest of Meteghan.t Having seen enough of the beauties of the
basin to induce tL^m to pay it another visit, they hastened their return
to the ship at Port Mouion, from which — the storeship having arrived —
they set sail again and made for St. Mciry's Bay, and on their arrival in
its waters, they were rejoiced at discovering the priest who had strayed
from his friends seventeen days before. The joy felt by the Huguenots
of the pai'ty was most animated, as they had been charged, tacitly at
least, with having murdered him. They then proceeded through the
strait before named into the bay, and thence to Port Royal Basin,
which it had been determined to explore more fully.
* " On the IJ)th of May, 1604, Demonts, witli Rallieu, his secretary, and ten
others left Port Moiitoii wliile he awaited the arrival of Morel's ship, sailed along
the eoasts into the Hay of Fundy and into Annapolis Basin, and returned to Port
Mouton about the middle of June, and on the next day tiie expedition sailed
towards tlie huy."— Maim Iliit. Sodety Coll., Vol. VIII., 18/6.
tl do not know our author's authority for the statement that this happened at
Meteghan. According to Murdoch and Halil)urton it was while they were seareh-
iig for ores that the missing priest was foun<l, and therefore it must have been on
IMgby Neck or Long Island that he was lost, foi' it was tlure that they had seen
tt ices of the iron km. .vn to exist, especially on the Neck. According to Halibur-
tor, they only .sailed from the east to the west side of the peninsula during the
seviuiteen days between the time of his loss and his di-^covery, filing up most of the
timt in searches f'>r their missing companion. — [Ki>.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 3
Taking the alx»ve dates and delays into consideration, it will appear
tliiit Denionts reached the site of Port Royal, on the second visit, about
tiie middle of June, when the forest buds were about bursting into
full leaf, and the white blossoms of the Ami'/michier, or Indian plum,
exhibited their showy petals with pride, as the earliest gift of Flora
to the newly born summer. It was, indeed, a beautiful view which
presented itself to the eyes of these adventurous Europeans. As they
jiassed up the basin, on the left hand they beheld a range of hills, rising
somewhat abruptly to an average height of from four to six hundred
feet above the level of the river, and separating its valley from the Bay
of Fundy. These hills were then densely clad with primeval forest
trees. The beech and the birch — two varieties of the former and three
of the latter — six species of maples, two of elm, two of ash, with a great
variety of evergreens, embracing pines, spruces, firs and larches, in one
unbroken wilderness exhibited their various forms over a vast extent of
landscape. On their right they saw another range of hills extending in
a generally parallel direction, but less abrupt in appearance, sloping
gradually upward as far as their sight could reach, with here and there
a depression, through which streams of greater or lesser magnitude flowed
northwardly into the waters over which they were sailing. These
heights and slopes were also crowned and clothed with a .similar forest,
and as entirely unbroken. Looking to the westward, the strait or
channel through which they had entered tins charming basin being
entirely hidden from their view, they saw another range of hills separat-
ing it from the head waters of St. Mary's Bay, also covered with a
continuous forest, and on the eastern face of which, just one hundred
and eighty years afterwards, the ill-starred American Loyalists founded
the beautiful town of Digby. In the direction in which they were
moving, a forest, situated on level and less elevated land, bounded their
view and seemed to bar their further progress.
On landing they soon learned that they had cast anchor before a cape
or headland, formed by a spur of the south mountain, which, at this
point, protrudes itself into the head of the basin and compresses the
river — to which they gave the name of L'Equille — into very narrow
limits -limits so contracted, indeed, that this fart of the stream is to
this day emphatically termed "The Narrows." They seemed to have
remained in the basin for a very few days only, long enough, however,
to gain a very favourable impression of the place as possessing many of
the desirable requisites for a permanent settlement. Having made these
observations they sailed into the bay again, along the shores of which
they coasted eastwardly as far as Minas Basin, where they tarried a few
days to examine its extent, coasts and surroundings. From th's place
they directed their course to the northern shores of the bay, and thence
4 HI.STOUY OF ANNAPOLIS.
westwardly to the mouth of the great river which discharged its waters
at a point nearly (hie north from the strait hniding into the basin of Port
Royal, where they arrived on the twenty-fouith day of Juno, on the
festival of St. Jolm, on which account the river received its name.
After a little delay they pursued their course westward to Passama-
quoddy Bay, where, on a small island, which they named St. Croix,
they fixed their winter-quarters. This island seems to have been near
the mouth of the river now bearing the same name, and to have been
separated from the mainland by a narrow channel only ; and if must
have been a very small one, for L'Escarbot says, that among (he "three
special discommodities " suffered by Demonts and his friends during the
ensuing winter, was a " want of wood, for that which was ii the said isle
was spent in building," which could not have been said if the island had
been of considerable size.
It is not necessary to detain the reader by reciting the doings or
sufferings of Demonts and his party during the long and inclement winter
of 1604-5. In the spring, Champlain* tells us :
" Sieur Demonts decided upon a chnngo of place, and upon nuiking another
habitation in order to escape tlie rigours of clinuite wliicli n-f had experienced at Isle
St. Croix. Having found no other fulfilling tliese reijuirements, and there l)eing
little time remaining for us to Imild suitable residences, two vessels wore etjuipped
and fitted out with tlie woodwork of tlie houses at St. Croix, to take the same to
Port Royal, at twenty-five leagues distance, whicli was considered a milder and
much more pleasant place of residence. Le Pontgrave and I set out to go there,
where, having arrived, we sought a spot suitable as a place to build and sheltered
from the north-west wind, with which we considered that we had been already
too much tormented."
Before proceeding to relate the events which followed the resolution
to remove to Port Royal, I will let Champlain describe that basin as he
saw it in 1 604. He says :
" We entered one of the most beautiful ports which I had seen on these coasts,
where two thousand vessels could be anchored in safety. The entrance is eiglit
hundred paces in width. Then we entered a harbour which is two leagues in length
and one in breadth, which I have named Port Royal, into which descend three
rivers, one of wliich is large, flowing from the east, called the River L'E<|uille, that
being the name of a fish of the. size of a smelt, which is fished there in (piantity, as
thsj' also do herring ami many other kinds of fish which alwimd in their season.
That river is near a (juarter of a league wide at its entrance, where there is an
island, which may compass near a league i.i circuit, covered with wood as is all the
I'est of the land — as pines, firs, spruces, birches, aspens and some oaks, which mix
in small numlxirs with the other timber. There are two entrances to the river,
one north and one south of the island. That to the north is the best, and vessels
"Chpmplain accompanied Demonts in this expedition as "Royal Geographer,"
and was an eye-witness of what he relates. This and a few succeeding extracts are
taken from Lavidiere's "Champlain," Chapter X.
HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS. O
can tlioie aiiclior uikIlt sliulter of tlie iHliind at five, .six, seven, eight and nine
fatiionis of «atei-, Imt one niiiMt take care of tiie Hats which extend from the
island."
Nearly every writer who ha.s de.scribed the -events of the initial period
of our history, has fallen into the error of representing them as having
transpired on the site of the present town of Annapolis ; hut a reference
to the writings of Clianiplain and L'Escarbot, and to the maps they made
of the basin an(i its surroundings, makes it very evident that the spot
selected for tlie first settlement was on the Granville shore, and a little
to the eastward of Goat Island, which is still known as the locus of the
old Scotch fort of 1621-31. In Champlain's map of the fort or stockade,
and basin of Port Royal, the River Imbert— now absurdly called Bear
River — is named St. Antoine ; what is intended for Riviere d'Orignal —
now Moose River — is called ItnisHeau de la Roche or Rock Brook ; and
the now miscalled Lequille is simply called Mill Brook. In L'Escarbot's
map what is now known as Goat Island — not named in Champlain's map
— is called Biencourtville, in honour of Poutrincourt's son Biet' court.
Both maps represent the fort on the spot above named, and both writers
artirm the same thing. Champlain says :
" After liaving searched from side to side we could find no spot more suitable
and better situated than a slightly isolated place around which are some marshes
and good springs. This place is opposite the island, which is at the entrance of
the River L'Kquille. To the north, at the distance of a league, there is a rojige of
mountains wliich exten<l nearly ten leagues north-east and south-west. The whole
country is tilled with very dense forests, except a point which is a league and a half
up the river where there are scattered oaks, and a (juantitj' of a species of wild
vine, which place could be easily cleared and put under tillage, although the soil is
poor and sandy.* We had almost resolved to build at this place, but we considered
that we shouhl have been too far within the port.t and up the river, which caused
us to change our opinion.
" Having recognized tlie site of our habitation as a good one, we commenced to
clear the land, which was covered with trees, and to put up the houses as rapidly
us possible— every one was thus emidoyed. Aftei' everything was put in order, and
the greater pait of the buildings dcme, Sieur Denionts thought of retiU'iiing to
France in order to represent to His Majesty what was needful to be done for the
enterprise. To connnand in his place in his absence he would have left Pierre
d'Orvillc ; but home-sickness, with which he was troubled, wouhl not allow him
to satisfy Sieur Dcnuints' desire, which was how it hajiitened that Pontgrave was
spoken to, and he was given in charge, which was agreeable to him, and he under-
took the work of completing the buililings. I, at the .same time, resolved to remain
there too, in the hope that I should be able to make some discoveries in the direc-
tion of Florida, Sieiu' Demonts agreeing thereto."
* This was undouljtedly the " cape," or present site of Annapolis.
1 1 should prefer the word " harbour " for " port " where it occurs in the trans-
lation of this document.-— [Ed.]
6 IIISTUllY OF ANNAPOLIS.
L'Escarbot (Div. IV., Chap. VIII.) says :
"They chose their dwelling place opjKwite an island, which is at the entrance
of the River L'K(|iiilIe, now called the River Danphin. It was called L'K((iiille
hecauHc the Hrst tish they caught there was an equille."
Pontgrave, who had spent the winter in France, returned to St. Croix
about the time Demonts had resolved to make Port Royal the .scene of
liis conterapliited settlement, with an addition of forty men to join tlie
new colony, and a considerable quantity of supplies. StK)n after his
arrival he wjus ordered to superintend the removal of the colonists and
their effects, a work in which he was assisted by Champlain, who accom-
panied him to the basin, in advance of the ships tearing the woodwork
of the dwellings they had used the past winter, to aid him in the selec-
tion of a site for their re-erection. They finally <letermined upon a spot
near what they called the mouth of the river, opposite Goat Island, in
Granville ; and when the vessels reached the port they were ordered to
that point to discharge theii" cargoes, and the work of founding a per-
manent settlement was immediately begun and rapidly carried forward.
When the work of building was fairly advanced, Demonts announced
his intention to return to France to make further arrangements for the
safety and welfare of his enterpi-ise. He appointed Pontgrave to be his
deputy during his absence, and, accompanied by his friends Poutrincourt
and D'Orville, Rallieu, his secretary, and a few others, he sailed for
France, promising to return in the spring with additional men and
supplies. Champlain and Champdore, the former of whom was three
years later to become the founder of Queliec, remained to aid and assist
Pontgravtj in finishing the preparations necessary foi' the coming winter,
which was now near at hand. Friendly relations were soon established
with the Indians, who readily parted with their fuis, game, and other
articles of trade for such commodities as they were offered in exchange.
The winter, no doubt, seemed long and dreary enough to the adventurers,
who remembered with a shudder the miseries which some of them
endured at St. Croix a year before, but by comparison there was less
suffering now than then, a fact that was not without its consolations.
Only six of their number died before the spring had fully opened. The
labour of grinding their corn in hand-mills, insufficient surface drainage,
and the drinking of snow water may be assigned as the predisposing
causes of this raort.ality. To these may perhaps be added the fact that
their huts had been hastily erected, and proved inadequate as a defence
against the severity and changefulness of the winter.
In the spring of 1606, Pontgrave fitted out a vessel which had been
kept at Port Royal during the preceding winter, with the intention of
exploring the coasts southward in order to find a better site for settle-
ment — a situation where the winters would be less long and severe ; but
CHAMPF.AINS PLAN OF POKT KOYAL IX AC^ADIA IX KiOa.
f |Key to illustration : A, Workmen's dwellin); ; B, Platform for cannon ; C, Store-
house ; I), UesideiK^e for Champlain and PontKravc! ; E, Blacksmith's for^fe ;
F, Palisade; (•, Bakehouse; H, Kitchen; I, Gardens; K, Burying ground;
L, Tlie river ; M, Moat ; X, Uwellinff of Demonts ; and O, Ships' storehouse.
(From " The Stori/ 0/ Canaila." »»• Vork: G. P. J'litnaiii'ii Song.)
HISTORY OK A.NAJ'OLIS. 7
having Im'cii frustrated in liis attempts by a linig continuance of atlverse
winds, he relinquished liis desi^'ns, and tlie su{)j)lies whieh Denionts had
])r(>mised t<» set d out early this summer not having come to hand, nor any
tidings concerning tliem having heen received, he turned his attention to
shiplmilding. He constructed two small vesselH, "a l)ar(|ue and a shal-
lop," which were intended to be used in conveying the colonists to Canseau
or Isle lloyale, where it was possible lie would fall in with French ships,
ill which to transi)ort the settlers back to France if, in conse(|uenee of the
non-arrival of the reciuired supi)lie8, he should find it nece.s ary to abandon
the settlement. His was the first shipyard established in Nftrth America,
and the vessels which he launched from it were the first built on this
continent.
Poutrincourt, who had gone home with Demonts in the autumn of the
preceding year, induced Marc L'Escarbot, an advocate of Paris, to join the
adventurers at Port Royal, and from liis writings we glean very mucli of
our knowledge of the events which occurred there at this period. These,
in conjuncticm with some merchants of Kochelle, procured a ship named
the Jou'in, in which they saileil for Acadie, on the l.'Jth of May, 1606.
After a long and tedious voyage, on the 'J7th of July they reach«Hl their
destination, where they found only two men, who hiul been placed in
charge of the buildings and property left by Pontgra\e on his departure
homeward, with the remainder of the inhabitants some weeks liefore, in
the new vessels he had built. He returned, however, a short time after
the arrival of the Jonas, having been accidentally informed by some
fishermen whom lie met, that that ship had passed Canseau on her way
out. Soon after the arrival of Poutrincourt, he made active preparations
for clearing away the forests, with a view to agricultural operations,
and at the same time commenced repairing the buildings on the site of
the new town. The Jonas brought out a number of new immigrants
and considerable fresh supplies, which was a matter of much rejoicing.
L'Escarbot was delighted with Port Royal, "its fair distances and the
largeness of it, and the mountains and hills that environ it," and his
admiration afterwards found vent in verses written in their honour.
The priests who had come out with the expedition of 1604 having
returned to France, and Poutrincourt having, in the haste of departure,
neglected or failed to secure the services of others, the settlers were
without religious guides. In their absence L'Escarbot assumed the
duties of catechist and teacher, and as such strove successfully to impart
to the Indians in the neighbourhood a knowledge of the Christian
religion ; and his efibrts paved the way for their ultimate conversion.
During this summer Poutrincourt made an exploratory voyage down the
American coast, as far as Cape Cod. He was accompanied by his son
Biencourt, Dupont Grave, Daniel Hay, an apothecary, and several others.
8 IIISTOUV OF ANXAroUH.
Fiv»' young lui'ii, liiivirij; liiiidod, wore (ittiu-knd \)y the Tiuliims, wlinii
thri'e of tliein wen' killed and the others wounded. One of the liitter
diefl from the ettects of his wounds, but not until after his return to Port
Hovfil, on the 14th of November. The survivors wc^re j^reeted on their
arrival with much enthusiasm and jjreat rejoioiii";. L'Kscarltot, who, as
we have already seen, was a poet as well as an advocate, wrote verses
in honour of the occasion. The.se verses were the first uttered in this
Dominion in any European lanj^uajje. The rejoicings over, the chiefs
paid a visit to the corn-fields which they had previously sown on lands
situated on the peninsular cii\u'. on which the town of Annapolis now
stands. This visit was productive of great pleasure to them, as the
growth of the grain since the period of being sown pointed to a future,
not far distant, when tliey would be relieved from the necessity of seek-
ing their food supplies from the Motherland. This was the initial step
made in farming in North America. This year (1 GOG) also witnessed the
construction of the first limekiln, and the erection of the first smith's
forge, and charcoal for the use of it was first manufactured at this time
also. The first efforts at road-making were also put forth in this year.
The winter of 1606-7 seems to have been passed very pleasantly and
agreeably by the denizens of tlie fort on the Granville shore. The chiefs
formed themselves into a sort of club to which they gave the title,
"Order of Good Times." This Order consisted of fifteen members who
were furnished with regalia and other insignia of office, and forms of
observance were instituted for the guidance of its proceedings. Each
memVjer in turn became the caterer to his brethren, a plan which excited
so much eumlation among them that each endeavoured to excel his pre-
decessoi- in office, in the variety, profusion and quality of the viands pro-
cured for the table during his term of office. Game was captured in the
surrounding country by their own efforts or bought from the friendly
Indians who had killed it. Parkman* says :
" Tliua (lid Poutrincotiit's tahli' groun beneath tlie luxuries of the winter forests,
ffosli of moose, cariliou anil <feer, heaver, otter and haru, hears and wihl-t-ats, with
ducks, geese, grouse and jilover ; sturgeon, too, and trout and fish innuniera))le,
speared tlirougli tlie ice of the Equille, or drawn from the depths of tlie neigli-
bouring sea."
Quoting L'Escarbot, he adds :
" And whatever our gourmands at lionie may think we found as good ctieer at
Port Royal as they in Paris, and tliat, too, at a clieaper rate."
Parkman continues :
" Tlie l)rotiierhood followed the Gi'and Master, each carrying a dish. The
invited guests were Indian cliiefs, of wltoni ohl Memljertou was daily present at
•See Volume I., pp. 243, '244.
HISTORY OK ANNAI'OLIS.
tiil>li- witli tlui Ki'fiii'li, wlin took |>Ieii8ur<' in thu ri'il-Hkiii coiDiiiinioimlii]) ; tlio.ic of
liinnhler do^roo, wiirriora, hijiihwh uml cliililicti, Hiit on tint tioor or crouclieil to^^ctlior
in tilt' I'lirniTH of 'lie hull i-a^eiiy .iwiiitiiiK tlioir ])oi'tiiin of liisutiit or of Iticad, ii novel
iiiiil iiufli covtafcl luxury."
This little Uouiul Tiihlt- hand irit-luded wevfral distiiiguishfd riamoH in
its lueinbershif). I'uiitrincourt, now the hinl of the Manor of Port Royal,
its rt'al founder, oci-uiiit'fl th<' first place. Chainplairi, th«! fouiidci- of
Quebec two years later, and the liistoi-ian of many of the events we liave
before n'corded ; Hiencourt, the unfortunate srm and succes.sor of Poutrin-
court ; L'Escarbot, advocate, poet and historian of this early jieriod in
the liistory of Aeadie ; Louis Hel)ert, one of the first settlers of Quebec a
few years later ; Robert Gravt-, Champdore, and Daniel Hay, the surgcon-
ajjothecary — the first of his profession who liad a medical practice in the
Dominion of Canada — are all known to have spent this winter on the
shoi'.'s of Port Royal, and to have been meml)ers of this, the first social
club organized in North America.
Though the winter liatl been a mild one four of the settlers died
toward the spring, and were l)uried near the graves of tliose who had
succumbed to the severity of the preceding winter. When the spring
opened the settlers resumed their agricultural labours on the cape ; and
Poutrincourt built a grist-mill, the first erected in the Dominion or on
the Continent. The site of this mill is traditionally fixed near the head
of the tide, on what they named, in conse(iuence, INIill Brook, and which
was afterwards known as the Allain,* now miscalled the Lecjuille River,
in the immediate neighbourhood of Lockwood's mills, f That tradition
tells a true story is evident from the remains still visible of the fort
built near it, a few years later, for its protection in case of assault by an
fnemy.
It was early in the summer of 1607 that Membertou, the Micinac
sachem, then nearly one hundred years old, undertook a war against the
Armouchi(juois Indians, a tribe of aborigines inhabiting the coasts of
what was afterwards called the Province of Maine. He was joined in
the expedition by tlie Indians of the St. John River, and scored a victory
over liis warlike enemies. He was much esteemed by the French, to
whom he, in return, gave proofs of a sincere friendship. He is said to
have encoui-aged the raising of tobacco by his tribe, a statement which,
if true, assures us that these aborigines were not without a rude notion,
at least, oi the art of agriculture. He has been described as tall in
stature, possessed of a noble presence, and as wearing a beard.
Early in the year a vessel arrived in Port Royal from France, bearing
* Louis Allain at onu time owned land at the head of the tide, recently part of
the Easson e.-itate. — [En.]
t Now Dargie's factory.— [Ed.]
10 MISIOKV OF AXNAI'OMS.
ill iifWH to I'diitiimoiirt.. Ilt'i' cKmiimiKlcr, (JhcvivlitT, (Iclivfii-d letters
tti liiiii, ill wliicli he wits iiifonned tliiit tli(> |ii-(iiniiterH nf the new Aeiuliaii
eolony couhl im loripT defray the expenses iieoeHsiiry to its further' eitn
tiinmiiee, aiid nothing seemed left hut to ahiiiKloii it and i-elurn to
France. This news came at a most iiU)|i|M)rtuiie time, for tlie settlers
had lie^un to form au attachment to their new iiome, and went then
husdy en^a>,'ed in exfjlorinj.' simie of its reinoto Hurroundings. LKscarhot,
Champlain and others were ein|)loye(l in examining the river to the head
of the tide, and perhaps farther, whilt^ others were employed in «'nlar;;inf;
the cleariti^ at the cape, or in pirdenin^ at their fort near (!oat Island,
and all were animated by a spirit of hope for tlje succeNH of thtMr adven-
ture. It was with sad hearts thcM'efore that the colonists received the
news now communicated hy their leader, Foutriiicourt, who, however,
informed them of his determination to return as stxin as he could
succeed in making the arrangemiMits necessary fr)r the continuanctt of
his enterprise.
Un i/uly .'{Otii, L'Escarhot, witii all the inhabitants, except ei;;ht soids,
lefl. Port Royal in the "shallop and jialacln;" which had been built at
their fort the year before, to proceed to Canseau, where the Joniis was
awaitinj^ t'leir arrival (havinj; reached that place in May), in order ti»
convey them to France. On their way they jiut into Lahave for a
short time, and probably at oth(!r points along the coast. Poutrincouit,
however, delayed liis departure until the grain at the cape had ripened,
that he might be able to carry samples of it to Paris ; and as we are
informed that he left tlio basin on the 11th of August, it might reason-
ably l)e inferred that rye was the grain to which reference has been
made, though it is possible that winter wheat had been sown there
during the previous autumn, in which case the crop might have reached
maturity at the time named.
The voyage tr> Canso was successfully made by Soth the pjvrties, and
they set sail on the 3rd of September, 1607, reaching their destination
aftei a <)uick voyage, about the beginning of October. The desertion
of the colony was complete; not a Europ >an was left in the hamlet or the
fort, or in their vicinity. Great was the grief of Membertou and his
people. He had been an honoured guest of the Knights of the Port Royal
Order of Good Times. His people had been the recipients of many
favours at their hands. He had been filled with admiration at their
mode of living, and won over by the wise kindness shown to himself
and those over whom he ruled ; and although Poutrincourt had matle
him a present of the supplies remaining after his departure, the gift gave
but slight consolation for the grief caused by the absence of those whom
he had learned to regard as the true friends of himself and his tribe.
On his arrival at Pari.s, Poutrincourt applied to the king, Henry IV.,
IIISTOIIY Oi ANVAI'OMS. I I
•
tor 11 cohliriimtioii of the ;;iMiit of tlu' sfij{iiiory of Port lloyiil, whiil*
DotnontH Imd f<iv*>ii him in lOdrt. 'l'\u> rei|u*>st wiis (;oin|ili(Ml witli; liut
it (liM'H not appear that li<> visited Acadic a^aiii li<-fr)i-c It) 10, tlioii^li it
secin.H it'i'taiii tiiat hoiik'IkmIv diil visit the ahaiidoiied fort in l(30i) ; fur in
1827 a stoiHi was diMcovured on or very near the Mite of the (»ld fort, on
wliich were engraved I lie KreeinaHonH' arms and the dat(( 100!). This
stone, which F saw many year's aj,'o in tlie oUice of tlie hit«^ Samuel (,'ow-
lin;;, wa.s in tht; possession of the late iJuil;;e Thomas ('. ilalihiiiton,
and is now tho property of liis son, Robert (Jrant llalihurton.^ It is a
silent hut sure witness that some person or persons visited the fort in
that year, and it is also the oldest masonic memorial in the hominion,
and probably in North America.
It does not appear to have Iwen an easy matter for Poutrincourt to
jKsrfect his arrangements foi' u speedy return to Acadie ; but whatever
weri' the diHiculties witli which he had to contend, he finally overcame
them all, and opened the way for his return to Port Royal with a con-
siderable number of emigrants. In February, ItUO, he set sail fron»
Krance, and reached the site of the settlement about the 1st «»f .June, the
passage having been prolonged by unexpected delays in various harbours
along the coasts. 'I'he arrival of the new settlers was, however, early
enough to enable them to sow the seeds they had brought out with
th<'iM, a work which was immediately commenced by the farm labourers,
whom he had biought with him ; and the mechanics wert; employtnl in
repairing tlit^ houses which had been left vacant more than two y(?ais
before. The king had coupled with his confirmation of Poutrincourt's
grant the condition that he should take out with him on this occasion a
..fesuit priest or priests, with a view to the conversion of the aborigines
of the country. In conse(juence of this condition he was accompanied by
Father Flesche, who, on the 24th of June, baptized a number of Micmacs,
anumg whom was their honoured sachem, our old friend Membertou. I
believe that this was the first instance of the administration of this rite
in the Dominion (jf Canada, and that Membertou was the fii'st convert
to the Christian faith among the Indians of North America. Soon after
the interesting ceremony took place, Biencourt was despatched to France
to convey the welcoim; tidings to the French king, and was directed by
his father to bring (jut with him, on his return, fresh supplies for the
sustenance and comfort of the new colony <Juring the coming winter.
He did not complete his arrangements, however, until January, IGll.
*It is now in the custody of the Royal Canadian Institute, Toronto. It whh
discovered by tiie latd Dr. Charles Jnckson, of Boston, the celebrated chemist
and geologist, mid his cou'ipanion, Francis Alger, wliik: on a geological survey of
the Province. Dr. Jackson, in a letter now in the j)ossession of the Histoi-ie-
Oenealoj^ical Society of Boston, says tliev found it on the shore of (Joat Island. —
/'roi-fiiliiit/.-i of (/niiiil Loflijc of J/aw., 18!»1, pp. 19, 20.— [Kd.]
12 HISTORY CF ANNAPOLIS.
On the 26th of that month he set sail, taking with liim two additional
priests- -Fathers Biard and Masse — hut did not reach Port lloyal until
the 22nd of June, which was Whitsunday. The vessel used on this
voyage was of sixty tons hurthen onl}', and her crew and passengers
numbered in all only tliirty-six souls.
Poutrincouit must have felt unmingled satisfaction as he belield this
vessel coming safely into port. Twenty-tliree persons had been depending
on him for maintenance during the long winter, and the food had
diminished to such a degree that he had been compelled to rely on his
Indian neighbours to supplement his stores with such products as they
were able to furnish. The vessel having, however, brouglit but small
additional supplies, it was thought necessary to obtain an immediate
augmentation of them, for he now had fifby-nine mouths to feed, instead
of twenty-three. Witii this intention, he made a voyage to the coasts
of what has since been called New England, where he fell in with four
French vessels, from which he obtained what he sought ; and having
induced their captains to acknowledge his son as vice-admiral, he
returned to Port Royal, where he announced his intention to revisit
France. His object was to secure further advantages for his infant
settlement. All the inhabitants, except Biard and Masse and twenty
others, whom I'e left under the command of Biencourt, accompanied him
on the homeward voyage.
In this year (1611) the recently converted Micraac chieftain, Mem-
bertou, died, and received Christian burial. From him and his family it
is more than probable that Biard and Masse obtained much of their
knowledge of the Indian language, and it was, no doubt, with feelings
of ct)nsiderable regret that they performed the rites of sepulture over
the remains of the aged and esteemed sachem. His body was buried
neai- the fort, and probably in lands now owned by the Robblee family,
in (iraiiville.*
Poutrincourt, who, we have seen, left Port Royal in .July, reached
France in August, but did not succeed in accomplishing the object of his
visit till near the close of the j'ear. It was not, indeed, until the last da}'
of December that he was able to despatch a vessel from Dieppe with
provisions and other neces.saries to the cokmists whom he had left in
Acadie. The vessel arrived at Port Royal on January 23rd, 1612, not a
moment too soon for the relief of its inhal)itants, who had been placed
on allowance some weeks before, in order to make the most of their
scanty provisions. This ship was commanded by Simon Imbert, wliose
name was given afterwards to the stream which we now call by the
* In the autlior's iin))erfect MS. in the library of King's CoUoge it is siiid li"! was
interrt'd liy liis own conHent in the l>urial-groun(l whidi liail been reetntly conse-
crated foi- that purpo.se. — [F.i>. ]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 18
■
conuptod, coinmonpliice and falsely distinctive name of Bear River. In
this vessel came Gilbert du Thet, a priest of the Order of Jesus, to take
the place of Father Masse, who had gone to the St. John River with
a son of MtMubertou, having adopted the Indian mode of life, the better
to enable him to pursue: the study of the aboriginal languages. During
the summer Poutrincourt j)aid a visit to Chiegiiecto and Minas, and
came near being wrecked on the homeward voyage, which induced him
on his return to order another barge or shallop to be built at Port Royal,
which when completed was used by Riard, Jean Baptiste, charpeiifier, and
a servant in continuing the exploration of the river and in fishing.
The winter of 1612-13 is reported to have been one of considerable
want and hardship to the settlei's. Biencourt, who began to distrust
the priest:;, for whom he does not seem to have had much regard, had
been informed of the purchase of the rights of Demonts in Acadie, by
Madame de Guercherville, and he fancied he had cause to fear that plans
were being secretly matured, whicli, if carried out, would endanger his
father's rights in Port Royal, and a general feeling of uneasint;ss and
distrust crept into the little community, which tended to increase their
difficulties and depress their hopes.
The lady above named having ourchased Acadie, except Port Royal,
determined to send out fresh emigrants and ample supplies to that country.
In March, 1613, she therefore despatched a vessel from Hontleur with
forty-eight persons, including her crew, togethei- with horses and goats
and a year's allowance of food, which arrived at Port Royal late in May.
On hi r arrival, five souls only were found in the towu, Biencourt and his
men being absent on exploring expeditions in various directions.
Hebert, the apothecary, acted as governor in the absence of Biencourt,
and to him were delivered the letters from the Queen of France authoriz-
ing the return of Fathers Biard and Masse by the vessel of Madame
de Guercherville. The ship having discharged her freight and received
these gentlemen on board, together with Du Thet, the new priest who
had accompanied Poutrincourt on his return thither, mailed to the island
of Mont Desert and made a liMiding on the mainland nearly opposite to
it, perhaps with a view to forming a new .settlement there ; but whatever
may have been their object, it was suddenly and ruilely interrupted and
frustrated by the occurrence of an unexpected and undesirable event.
The English, who had recently formed a settlement at Jamestown in
Virginia, began to look with jealousy, not perhaps unmixed with fear, at
the establishment of a fort and settlement in Acadie by France, and
commands had been sent to the Governor of that colony to compass the
destruction, by capture or otherwise, of the town and works at Port
Royal. In agreement with these orders. Captain Samuel Argall was
despatched with several vessels and a number of men to carry out this
14 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
object, and while on his voyage thither he acciflc!! tally fell in with the
French ship and party at Mont Desert, and made a prize of the one and
prisoners of the others, but not till after a sharp fight, in which Du That
was killed while gallantly defending his coui .rymen. These Argall sent
to \''irginia by one of his ships, and with the remainder proceeded to Port
lloyal, where he arrived about the time of the return of Biencourt, with
whom it is said th: t he held an interview in a meadow or marsh near the
town, which was already in the hands of Argall. It is supposed that
this conference was solicited by the former with a view to some com-
promise which might save the place from utter destruction. During its
continuance, there can be no doubt that he urged his own right to the
settlements, his desire to live at peace with the English, his helplessness
to injure them, even if he desired to do so, and the ruin that would ensue
to innocent and harmless people on the destruction of their dwellings
and improvements ; but the English commander was deaf alike to the
eloquence and the logic of the Frencliman, and he proceeded to execute
his orders to the letter. Murdoch (Vol. I., page 58) says :
" Argnl! destroyed tlie fort and all monuinunts and marks (/f French power at
Port Royal. He even caused the names oi Demonts and otlier captains, and (he
Jieurs de lis to be effaced with pick and chifid from a massive stone on which
thej had been engraved, but he is said to have .spaied the mill and the barns up
the river."
It was, indeed, a sad sight for Biencourt and his friends to witness so
melancholy a conclusion to an enterprise that had already cosb more
than one hundred thousand crown.s, and that had in some degree, at
least, given promise of a happier and more desirable result.
When the wretched news of this disaster reached Poutrincourt, he
gave up forever all connection with Acadie, and returning to the service
of the king, was killed at the storming of Afh'i/ sur Seine, in December,
1615. It has been stated that an epitiiph to his memory was cut "into
the marble and trees, at Port Royal, by order of his son Biencourt," but
no remains of any description have been discovered to verify the statement.
HlSTv)l{Y OK ANNAPOLIS. 15
API'ENDIX TO CHAPTER I.
Tilt' first mill was built on the easternmost mouth of the Lequille,
where it discharges its waters fresh from Grand Lake into the tideway
at tue head of the marsh. The remains of the old dam are plainly visible
to-day, having been composed of stones and earth, and may be viewed by
wi. Iking a few rods down the stream from Dargie's mills. T)ie structure,
it will be seen, stood at the foot of a steep hill of considerable elevation,
and the visitor, if he choose to climb to the summit of that portion of it
which is in the north-western direction from the dam, will be rewarded
by seeing the remains of the works once erec^od by the French settlers
for the defence of the mill in case of attack. The remains of the Ijreast-
works, which foimed a shelter to their musketeers, may be traced many
rods, in an irregular curvo, from where the chief battery was fixed, in a
north and westerly direction, following the summits of the heights ; and
the ditch which w!is made in excavating the matt ial to form this work
is still visible iii many places. The main battery commanded the head
of the marsh so as to I'ender an attack by way of the river by Iwats both
dangerous and difficult. It also covei'ed the mill, and commanded the
high lands on the opposite side of the stream. These remains are v/ell
worthy the notice of tourists, and should be better known to our own
people.
CHAPTER II.
1613-1686.
Biencourt and some colonists lenuiin — Sir W. Alexander and the Scotch fort — The
De 111 Toiu's — Razilli — D'Aulnay do Cliariiisay — QuaiTcls and war hetwcon him
and Latour — Takes Latour's fort — His death — Le 15orgne — Capture of Poet
Royal and its restoration — La Valliere — Perrot — Census — Names of French
colonists.
ALTHOUGH the d\velHng.s at Port Royal had been destroyed, it is
certain that some of the inhabitants, who were absent during
Argall's visit, probably at their barns and cornfields, or mill, or who
had otherwise escaped him, either returned and rebuilt their houses,
or built others amidst their cornfields, on the present site of the town,
and continued to inhabit the country until the advent of Sir William
Alexander's colony in 1621. Biencourt is known to liave resided there
in 1617, and it is also known that a company of French adventurers,
connected with the peltry trade of Acadie, sent out some Recollet mis-
sionaries in 1619, who, among other duties, were charged "to undertake
the care of some old inhabitants of the district who had remained there
with Monsieur Biencourt." The little community supported themselves
as best they could by means of the produce of their flocks and gardens,
and of the fishery and the chase, until the arrival of the British colony in
Granville, when they thought it unsafe to remain longer, and sought a
temporary asylum at Cape Sable, where, under the leadership of Charles
Amador de la Tour, they built a fort which they called St. Louis, and
obtained protection and a home for several years. Biencourt attached
himself to the fortunes of Latour soon after the Argall concjuest, and
became his friend and lieutenant. The anxieties, perplexities and hard-
ships which attended liis life during the interval of 1613-22, hatl a
fatal effect upon his constitution, and death closed the scene of his mis-
fortunes in 1623. He left all his possessions and command at Port
Royal, by will, to Latour, whose name and that of his father, Claude
de la Tour, were destined to become from this time so intimately and
interestingly connected with the history of Acadie.
In 1621 Sir William Alexander became the possessor of the countrj'
under a patent from James I., and sent over a number of Scotch colonists
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 17
under the command of his son, who, on their arrival, made a settlement
Jind rebuilt the French fort in Granville on a site nearly opposite the
eastern extremity of (Joat Island. This fort — commonly called the Scotch
Fort — was situated about four miles in a direct line from the site of the
second French fort, and commanded the northern or main channel of the
river. Some of these new settlers probably took possession of the vacated
houses and gardens of the French on the cape, for it is certain that Sir
David Kirk left an addition to their number on the occa.sion of his visit
there in 1628. On his return voyage to Quebec, Kirk captured a French
ship bound to that port, on l)oard of which was Claude de la Tour, whom
he made prisoner and conveyed to England. This Claude de la Tour, or
Latour, had been connectefl with Acadie and New France for a period of
nineteen years before this event. His first visit appears to have been to
Port Royal in 1609, as will be .shown further on, and seems to be associ-
ated with the oldest remaining memorial of the French dominion on this
continent. It was at this eventful period of his life that Latour made
the ac(juaintance of the new proprietor of Acadie, from whom he obtained
large grant of lands in that country for himself and son, on condition of
a change of allegiance on their part. Before leaving England he married
a inaifl of honour to Henrietta, the English queen, and was created a
knight-baronet of Nova Scotia. The lands, of which he had accepted a
grant as the price of his treason toward his sovereign, included within
their limits the settlement and fort of his son Charles at Cape Sable,
embracing all that part of the Province lying between Cape Forchu and
Lunenburg, and extending forty miles in a northwardly direction. The
condition of this grant was that the fiefs thus conveyed should be held
under the Crown of England. Its acceptance, therefore, involved a total
change of allegiance, which was made on the spot by Claude, who also
pledged himself to obtain the like change on the part of his son Charles,
when he should arrive at Cape Sable, a pledge he was unable to redeem
owing to the inflexible determination of his son to remain faithful to the
French king, his sovereign.
These (tveiits took place in 1629, during the summer of which Latour,
accompanied by his bride, sailed for Cape Sable, and on his arrival com-
municated his plans to his son, who, on hearing that the advantages
gained had been purchased at the price of treason, refused to listen to his
father's proposals. Finding that persuasions and threats were alike use-
less, he repaired to Port Royal, where he remained with the English till
near the close of the following year ; when, having received a letter from
his son informing him that he — the son — had been appointed lieutenant-
general t'oi- the French king, and that men, arms, ammunition and other
supplies had been sent out to him, Claude detennined to commit a second
treason. He was strongly ui'ged to this ci>urse by his son ; and on the
18 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
promise of being protected aiifl provided for, he and his wife left Annapolis
und went to live at Cape Sable, where his son built a house for them.
The accounts that have come down to us concerning aflFairs at this time
are scanty and fragmentary, and it is almost impossible to weave them
into a readable and truatwortliy narrative. That Jjtttour on finding his
negotiations with his son a failure, sought refuge in Port Royal (then in
Knglish possessi(m), there is no doubt. It would be interesting to know
how his wife legarded the change from an honourable position and life in
the Court of Charles I. to life in an Acadian wilderness; to be informed
how they amused themselves during the days of the dreary winter months
of 1629-30, and to learn what plans for the future were discussed. But
of these things we can now glean no positive information. Tt is much to
be regretted that his wife drops entirely cmt of sight after her removal to
Cape Sable.
Befoi-e passing fi-om this period of the history of Port Royal, it may
be well to suggest to the reader that during the twenty-eight years since
the first landing of Demonts, \ery considerable changes had taken place
there. Besides those that existed on the site of the first settlement,
opposite Goat Island, clearings had also been made at the cape and in its
neighbourhood, especially toward tl»e mill, which, as I have already said,
stood near the head of the tide on Mill Brook, now miscalled Lecjuille.
Gardens had been cultivated and farms commenced in all these districts,
and meadows had been reclaimed, and domestic animals introduced,
which now, no doubt, began to be quite numerous. In the letter of
King Charles I. to Sir William Alexander, dated in July, 1631, he
charges him "to demolish the fort that was builded there by your son
and to remove .all the people, goofls, oixlnance, ammunition, cattle and
other things belonging to that colony." This statement makes it certain
that the Scotch settlers were possessed of live stock, and in order to its
sustenance the soil must have Ijeen cultivated. Now, as this settlement
containefl seventy families, and they were about ten years settled there,
the improvement.s made must have been very considerable. It is a
matter of regret that we know so little of the saj'ings and doings, and
the wants, wishes and hopes of these first British settlers ; of their
relations to the Indians, of their mode of living and pursuits, and more
especially of the particulars which attended their ultimate extinction.
From a statement made by the elder Latour to his son after his
removal to Cape Sable, we learn that seventy* settlers wintered on the
shores of the basin of Port lloyal in 1629-30, and that out of that
number not less than thirty died of scurvj' and other diseases. The
remainder of them, unprotected by the presence of Latour and receiving
no aid from home, were attacked by the Indians and fell victims to the
.scalping-knife and the ravages of want and sickness, with the exception
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS, 19
of one family only, two members of which were living in 16'.)'), Iiavin<;
become Roman Catholics and married French wives. Thus ended the
first attempt at colonization on the part of Great liritain in Nova Scotia.
By the Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, Port Royal, with the whole of
Acadie, passed again into the hands of France (March, 16.'}2), and Isaac
de Razilli was sent out to take formal possession of the country from the
English. With him came again the Recollet missionaries, who had been
i)anished from the Province by the English during their occupancy, and
resumed their cures. With him also came Charles de Menou, Seigneur
D'Aulnay de Charnisay, as one of his lieutenants, Charles Amador de la
Tour, of Cape Sable, being the other, each foi' a separate section of
Acadie, D'Aulnay's the western and Latour's the eastern. De Ra/illi,
who acted as governor, or lieutenant-general for the French king, made
liis headcjuarters at Lahave, where he settled forty families, but after his
death, which occurred in 1633 or 1634, D'Aulnay removed these settlers
to Port Royal, located them with twenty more whom he brought from
France on the site of the present town, and built a new fort for their
protection. In 1634, Claude de Razilli, the brother of l.saac, received a
grant of Port Ro3'al from the company of New France. In 1635 the
same company granted the "fort and habitation of Latour," on the
St. John River, to Charles Latour. This fort was situated where the
town of Carleton now stands, and became the theatre of stirring events
subsecjuently. Isaac de Razilli had left all his rights and property in
Acadie to his brother Claude, who, in 1642, conveyed them to D'Aulnay.
Difficulties and ditt'ererices soon occurred between D'Aulnay and
Charles Latour (1635-50). D'Aulnay's headcjuarters were first at Pen-
tagoet, and Latour's were at Fort Latour, on the St. John River ; but
Port Royal was occujiied by the former .some years before its transfer to
him by Claude de Razilli, and as early as 1638 King Louis XTII. urged
them to preserve a goo<l understanding, and avoid (juarrels about their
respective jurisdictions, confirming D'Aulnaj' at Lahave and Port Royal,
and Latour in his more advantageous trading post at St. John. But in
February, 1641 or 1642, D'Aulnay, by his influence with Richelieu,
secured an order to Latour to proceed to France to answer certain grave
but groundless charges against him, and authority to arrest him in case
of refusal, which edicts were soon followed by an entire re^•ocation of his
authority. In the next year a new order for his arrest was issued, and
in 1643 open war resulted. D'Aulnay attacked Fort Latour with a fleet
of four vessels and five hundred men, and brought Latour and his small
garrison into great straits. He succeeded, however, in escaping from his
fort, with his wife, on the night of June 12th, 1643, to a storeship that
had arrived at the mouth of the harboui' a day or two pievious, but dared
not come further, having received information of D'Aulnay's presence
20 HISTOllY OF ANXAI'OI.IS.
inside. In this ship he procoedtKl t(» Boston, where he soujjht iiirl against
liis lulversaiy from tlie rivil authorities. He succeeded in securifii; tiie
official permission ()f Govt>rnor Wintlirop to ciiarter vessels, enga^f nieii
and purchase cannon, and he lost no time in charti ring four vessels,
e)ilistir g fifty men and purchasing thirty-eight pieces of cannon, together
with ninety-two soldiers, the whol(> being armed and victualled hy him
self. The cost of tiiis expedition was secured by mortgage on his real
and personal property in Acadie. With this little Heet he sailed for
Fort Latour on the 14th of -July, an<l innnediately on his airival
attacked D'Aulnay — who had not succeeded in capturing the jilace
during his absence — who, taken by surprise, t«x)k to Hight with a \ iew
to shelter himself under the guns of liis fort of Port Royal. Latour,
determined not to let him escape so easily, pursued across the bay and
up the basin to the very walls of the fort, and finally forced him to an
engagement near a mill on the l)auks of the Leijuille River. The spot
where this fight is said to have occurred is alx)ut a third of a mile north
of Dargie's mills,* and near the place where tradition affirms a mill has
not been absent since Poutrincourt erected the first one built in the
Dominion in 1607. Several persons were killed on both sides in this
affiiir, but victory declared itself on the side of Latour.
D'Aulnay, soon after his defeat, took his departure for France to
invoke aid to enable him to recover his lost ground in Acadie.
Murdoch (Vol. L, page lO.'l) thus justly sunnnarizes the conduct of
Latour on this occasion :
" One cannot help admiring the activity and capacity tlisplaycil hy Char^^s <lc la
Tour in this instance. Hemmed in liy sui)eri()r forces, he sees anil seizes im ,i
mode of extrication which calls into play his elo(nience, I'eaaoning and jjerstiasioii.
Presei-ving a calm and dignifie<l attitude in a foreign town, amid conflicting senti-
ments and interests, lu overrides tlie sci'uples, distrust and caution of the Knglish
of Boston, and obtains |)owerful reinforcements tlieio ; and having so far succeeded,
his raj)id movements as the solilier and the man of hiisiness enal)le him to turn iiis
forces to account witli )Ut dangerous delays. But a month iiad ela))sed from his
arrival in Boston with lut one vessel, until he leaves it witii an armament of tive and
a valuable land force bes-ides. Hit removing his ladv fi'om the beleaguered fort,
Mhere iier pi-esence won! 1 |>robably h.ive been of no avail to the defenders, and where
she wcmld have Iteeu i xp )sed to many dangers, and iransferring her to Bo.ston,
where siie could exerci -e an inHueii. e luost favourable to liis )>rojects, is also
deserving of great connn ^ndatioii."
D'Aulnay returned from France in 1014, and immediately repaired to
Boston with the objictof changing the good feeling which the people
and the authorities tl ere had mariifesled toward his rival, and for this
purpose he exhibited a.n order from the French king for the arrest of
* 1) Aulnay's vessel lad stranded near tfie mouth of tlie stream, which he
probably ascen<led in ordei' to cross it to readi liis fort. — [I'.'d.]
HlS'nmV OF ANNAPOLIS. 21
liiituiir Hiul his wife on charges of treivaon. In this attempt he, for the
tiiin' ill h-ast, siK'Cceded,
The nature of tlie contest betwet'n these rivals, tlie causes wiiich
operated to prcwluee it, and the particuhirs of their ne<i;otiations with tiie
Massachusetts authorities iiave l)een matters of mere conjecture until
recent years ; indeed, until the text of their correspondence, includinj^
an account of their negotiations during that period, was discovered in
thf archives at Boston alK)ut the year 1H38, and which has since been
})rinte(l in the collections of the Massachusetts Histoiical Society for that
vear. We shall devote a few pages to the contents of these valuable
pajters.
(Ml OcIoIkm- "Jlst, 1(>44, D'Auliui.v uddfesscrl a loii^ letter to Kndiuott, then
(hivoiiioi- of MHssiicliusftts. ill ulr li liu set fort.i tliiit a sulijec-t i)f liis master, the
kin, ' of Fiaiicf, Latour, hml liecii coiinteimnoed iiiid aided in liis relKjllion against
his king, and reminds that gentleman that he had eonveyed to liim and his biotlitr
magistrates in Boston the desire of liis nia<ti>r that tliey wonld not be guilty of the
impropriety of aiding liis rebel 8iil)jeet at a time when tiie two nations were at
peace. He now sends liis peisonal frieml, Monsieur Marie, to IJoston to "demand
jtistiee and due reason in all kind, foi' certain grievances, wrongs and injuries which
mine and myself have received from yours." He is very desirous to secure and
maintain |)eaceful lelations witii his Knglish neighlmurs, and Marie has been
inslruited and authori/.ed to do all in his powei' to secure this end. As to the
(•harges* that had been preferred by them against him, they were easily refuted.
" To the first," he says, " I rejjly that Captain John Rose only hath lost the goods
of Monsieur Richard .Salstonstal, making shipwreck upon the Isle of Sables, where-
iinto neitlier the deeeasetl monsic ar, the commander of Hazilli, then lieutenant-
geiicrul for the king in all the extent of New Fi'ance, nor myself did in any measure
contribute, seein^, that we were so far asunder, and that the said Captain Rose,
bciui.' throiigh storm of wind by hazard ])ut into the harbour of Lahave, where
tlien he was una(M|\uiinted, was kindly received and entertained by the .said sieur
in the snid place : the ship being then returned to France, the year ensuing all his
com|)any were deliveied unto him, and a thousand crowns which he had in his
cotter ; and for certain cables and sails which he had saved of the wreck of his ship,
the said .sieur, the connnandei' of Ha/.illi, gave him in payment .iirm or (ii/fif hundred
Inilloiit i>J iiinsslri- 'jo/il, ifliicli he laiixi'd to lie taken off from one of hix snilx, drairinif
hillx upon me, whieh 1 aerrpted, and tiro daiitt after /miil him hix mon'-y." "To the
second," he says, " I answer that when the said decea.sed commander of Kazilli
■came into this country, he had order by his commission to withdraw Fort Royal out
of the hand of the Scots, an<l that by an article contained in the treaty of peace
made between tlie French and English after the taking of Roehellc. You have but
little knowledge of tlie letter drawn upon l)e Boulemeky for satisfaction of certain
Indian corn, cattle and ordnance which the suid Scots left with us. The like com-
mand also he had to clear the coast unto Penuujuid and Kennebek of all persons
whatevei-, and to cause them to withdraw, if there were any habitation seated on
this side. It was myself who received orders to execute the total, and met with
Thomas Willett, placed at Peinptagoitt. I prayed him to be gone, giving him to
anderstand with as much civility as I could, that it was not a place for him to
* These charges can only be inferred from his answers.
22 HISTORY OK .WNAPOLIS.
inlmliit. yiv I'lirriftl iiwiiy what he t'lmhl, iiml of wlmt rt'iiiaincMl thi^re wnH iiii
iiivuiitory inailc, wliich he ami I signccl iintn. ai>'I in tho ti|mh(it I pivf him a hill tn
iiiakt! Iiiiii |iayiiu'iit ii|Hin ilt'iiiuiKl. A iiionth aftei' he citiiir to the ^<aill placx' with
a .shi|) anil piiinaii' to tilt' oiiliiaiKc iipon tlicin who were tlii'ic without aHkiii^ what
was iliif uiiio him. ... I iltil him no wrong to fonr iiim to ilc))art, Nccing he
prisscHNtil allot Iter's right."*
Ah to tlie third imd fourth eliiu'fjes lie continut>s tliu.s :
'• 1 tiiink I Imvc unswercd your thinl aititU' hy thr end of this second. For the
fourth I might go for a sonncjess linilc, if, after all those acts of hostility received
from youi's. without giving tliein the le.ist oceasion myself or those whom I have
left this winter to conimand in my .iiisenee in those phieeR, we should not have
given the like commission. You are so «-ell versed in warlike <lesign, and under-
stand as well points of State and tiuit whi.'li coiieeiiieth justice, as to judge therein,
behold the truth in his liiightness as 1 have known it."
Haviiij; thus far defended liis govermiient afi;ainst the complaints of
the Enj^lisli oolonistH, he now comes to the real object of his letter, tliat
is to say, to endeavour to detach Endicott and liis people from the
interests of Latour. He says in conclusion :
" Moreover, with your favour I should crave answer to the articles which Marie
shall propound unto you about those things which do concern me ; but, above alt,
how you desire to act for the future toward the said Simr ImIohv. ... If I
can but obtain from you this recpiest as to desist from fitnienting the rebellion of
the said Sieur de la Tour, I engage my word from this hour by these that whatever
troubles may fall out, yea, lH?tweeii the two crowns of France and England, to keep
iiiviola))ly with you and those which are under your authority, that peace and
intelligence which are reijuisite in these beginnings.""
The letter from which tliese extracts have been made was sif^ned
D'Aulnay, " Governor and Lieutenant-General for the king in all the
coasts of Acadie, country of New France," and was written at Port
Royiil.
Six days after its date, namely, on the 27th of October, and without
any knowletlge of its contents, Latour addressed a letter to the same
parties in Boston, from which we cull the following excerpta :
" I could not know how to divest myself of the deep feelings with which your
kindness has tilled me, nor to deprive myself of the confidence with which your
generosity has furnished me, nor do I believe that, however my enemy may have
gone to Boston to deceive you and make me j)as8 for a traitor, you will condemn
me without a hearing or abandon ine because he would invade my interest. He is
a man of artifice, who, knowing that you esteem good men, will assume all the
grimaces and similarities of piety, and strive to give yon the impression that you
ought to abandon me ; but he will not tell you that it is to fortify himself by my
disaster and afterwards make you difficulty, as he has already shown by the injustice
and perfidy committed in the atf'air at Penobscot. He supposes, so very vain is he,
that your opinion will be swayed by his, and, provided that he shows you some
decrees, that you will give me up. . . . For that which concerns his decrees,
I could not better enable you to perceive the injustice of them than to place in
HISTOUY OK ANNAI'(HJS. 2lt
your Imiiiln tliat wliich rmitiiiiiM the ciiiiiPH that tliey iinixitc to iiii-. Von will hcv
tlii'iii in tliiM, an if I pit-vcntiMl liy iiiy Imil ili'|K>rtiii<'iit the itni^ifMs of tin- m'lvici? of
(i<Hl anil of tli«! kiiif{, iiml of the ailvancciiirnt of tin- colony. Anil wlit'ii it is itskcil
of thc'iii, wiu'tlu'i' they uit not iiis evil ducils, thuy nay, inHtraii of alh'^in^ th<* courflc
of my vifioiis lift', that I havi> done notiiin^ in tiie roinitry. lint mark tiii' falHo
tL'Ntinioiiy, whicii c'onwiwtH in its not lieing iilili" to |irove that I inipoilc liy my viiiouM
roiiilnrt thf progreHs of tho ncrvire of (ioil among tin- wuvagrM : ami inMteail of
proving it, he goes to allege that I havo ilonu nothing in the I'inintry, uiiich i» an
irrt'Ic'vant point ami still falMc, for I have huilt two foi'ts, ami he hiniNcIf has burnt
out' of ntinc, ami he has n< t liiiilt another for it, nor clrareil up only seven or eigl'.t
acres of lanil. He has also liinnt the Monastery Chnreli lontrary to the tenor of
the (leiTee wliiuh orilered him to put in thime plaees men who were able to answer
for them, and by eonseipienee to p-eservo them. And this VTuteh, to justify his
atheism, alleges that the Indian females have been lorrupleil in the chmeh, whieh is
as false as it is true tliat he liurnt the wigwam of a savage at (Jape Sables to earry
i)tr his wife from liim ; and that the C'onunander do Ka/illi, hit) late niaHtor, held
him a long time in prison foi' this eause : and that this last wintei' Father Vincent
lie I'aris, a (.'apiiciiin, did all in his power to lie heard against him in Council to
prove his atheistical hypocrisy, Hhowing that foi' .six inonlns he iiid ciiminal con-
nection in Port Royal with a wonuin U'ing a i-omnuinieaiit. Hut, gentlemen, to
j)rove his perfidy, consider only th capture of Penobsi^ot, and the payment of
Thomas Ouillet (Willettl, and you will .see, at the same time, his destitution of faith
and his rage against the Knglish nation. Whatever relates to myself, do not
account ine so unprincipled a man nor such an enemy ait he until I have as mnch
deceived and ofl'ended you as he has ; but especially consider my inclinations by my
obligations."
Some time after the receipt of the foregoing letter from Latour,
Endicott and his Council sent a reply to D'Aulnay's former communica-
tion, from which we cull the following extracts, which show the feelings
wliich animated the English at IJoston in this affair :
"Sir, — U|)on the request lately presented to U8 by the ISieiir de la Tour, to yield
him a.ssistance of men and amnnmition against your forces, which he was in fear of,
we ha\e liail oitcasion to consider how matters have jjassed between you and us, and
among other things many injuries which sundry of our i)eoj)le have, at several times,
sufl'ered from you and yours since your coming into these |)art8, and partieulaily
certain conuuissions lately given forth to Captain Le Bu-uf to take our vessels anil
goods, whicli might have given us occasion to have yielded unto the reipiest of the
said sieur, and to have sought for satisfaction in another way. . . . Hut to the
end that you and all the world may know the delight which we take to live in
peace with all and to avoid all occa.si(ms of difference and contention, we have taken
this present opportunity to write unto you, that we may truly tinderstand one
another, . . . and for time to come that rules of love and peace may be care-
tidly attended to. As for that which was done the last year by otir people in the
design wherein they weie employed by the said Sieur de la Tour, that it may not
be misconstrued, we do hereby in words of truth assure yon that they did not act
either by command, counsel or permission of the Govermnent here established.
They went volimteers without any commission from it, and as we are in part igno-
rant of what they did so it was done without our advice ; and for any unlawful
action which any amongst them might possibly commit we do not approve of and
24 IIISTOllY (»K ANXAI'OI.IS.
x\\u\\ )io fiicili' iiMil rt'iiily to our |)iiuit no to ili'mcuii oiiixclvcs, as iliii- saliNfactioii
nIiiiU Im- I'fiiclfii'il unto Mill ; for na ut' iirc not williii); to lirur iiijiirirs wliilMt hi-
liikVf in our IiuihIh to ri^lit oiirxolviiN, mo wi> ciinxciuntiouMlN ili-xiri- not to oll'i'r aii\
oiirxi'Ivi>H, uor to ii|i|iiovi' of it in iiny of oiii'h,
'■ Kor tlio |>ri'M«iit, tlif iinrticiiliiiM wlicrcin Wf c'oiioei\<- oiii.<i'lves, frifiiil.s ami
(•onfeili'iiitt'H, to lif liy you iiijiiifil, ami for tlio wliicli we nevi-r yet ri'ci'ivf<l HatJM-
flirt loll, lire : Kiist, your faUiiiK tlic >{ooi1h of Sir Kii'linnl SalHtoiistal, kiiiKlit, ami
thf inipi'ii.onin^ liis nu'ii, who HutVi-iril siiipwirck upon tin- InliMif Saliii'.i, vi)i\d years
pant. Scconil, your tiikiri>; of I'ciioliHi'ot from tlumc of oui' nation ami l^'a^iu' of
I'lyniouth. Tliird, your ii-fiwal to trallic witli us at Port Uoyiil, ami tlirt'atuiiinK to
takt' our vohhi'Ih, whioli nIiouM go lieyonil I'eniptagoitt, and aofordingly your staying
of one of our vessels, tiioiij^ii .ifterwanls you released her-. l^aHtly, ymir ifranling of
■ 'oiuiiiissions to take our vessels and goods this last autumn, as \h aliove nieiitioned.
" To the aliove said partieulars we desire and expect your clear and H|M'edy
answer, that so we may umleiHtauil how you are at present disposed, whether to
war or |M-aoe, and aceordingly steer our course as ( iixl shall ilircct, and us for the
present we have not granted tlu^ said rei|uest of the said Sieiir ile la Toul', liut on
the contrary, upon this occuHion we have cxpresHly prohiliited all oui' people to
exercise any aet of hostility, eithiM' liy land or liy »en, against you, udIush it lie in
their own defence, until such tinu' as they siiall have further commission. A copy
of the present we have sent unto you here enclosed. Also, upon the reception of
these presents we desire and ex|>ect that all sueh conunisHions shall lie without delay
called in which have In-en given forth liy you or any <if yours against us and our
people : and ftirasiniicii as our merchants are entered into a way and form of coin-
merce with said De la Tour, which firstly they tendered to yourself, liiit, according
as wo have lieen informed, you refused; nevertheltiss, we see not just reason to
hinder them in their just and lawful callingH, nor to hinder their own defence, in
i'lise they shall lie assaulted either liy you or yours, during their trade with the said
.sieur. We leave them to Divine I'rovidenci^ and to the dictates of their own
(Minscienee to regulate them according to right reason in such a case."
Tliis deteriniiiatiun of the autlioritie.s of Miissdehusotts Hay was vt>ry
annoying to D'Aulnay, as it assured him that liis diplomacy was a com-
plete failure and tliat liis rival had l)een more than a matcli in that
delicate science. In liis next connnunicatioii he therefore throws oft" its
mask, and tells the colonists what he thinks of them in very plain
laiifj;uage. Under date of Port Royal, August 31st, 1645, he says :
" Upon this occasion I will candidly tell that Monsieur Marie had as.sure(i me
that none of yours should undertake the uft'airs of Sieur ile la Tour until you had
returned me an answer liy the last resolution, to know whether yo\i woidd he at
peace or war with me ; and in the meantime, I understood liy Mr. Allen, the last
iiutiunn, that you were to convoy the wife of the said De la Tour, with three ships,
into the river of St. .lohn. I know not how you will name such kind of dealing.
As for me, I should rather )>eriHh than to promise that which I would not perform.
To say, as Mr. Hawthorne, that they were merchants of London whom you cannot
hinder from trading with whom they please, this were good, if we did not well know-
that Latour, bein^ worth nothing and altogether unknown to your .said merchants,
they wouhl never trust such persons if you or other gentlemen were not his security ;
moreover, that jMjrsons who desire peace with their neighbours, as you say you do,
would have hindered such pnK'eedings if they had pleased, it being easily done in
iiisroHY o^• wNAi'oi.is. 2.)
iiii'li iilui'pH iiM \Nf iiio ill. Kill' t III- NiM'itnil, tliut yiiii iiii' not ui'ruHtitiiu'il to incft
iinlil till* iiiiiMtli iif S(>|iti'iiilit!i' ; tlwit ilotli not coiii'uni inii. I hIiiiII ciiiiHtiiiitlv wait
until (Ik' siiiil tinif ai'iiiiilin;; to voiir ili-r«ii'i', iiltlioii^'li Mr. Miuir diil lit'limt* tliiit
vou uoulil liiivu answi'icil iiic in tlir spring', uh lie rliil m|i|iii'Iii^iicI voii, Oiicf inoif,
I fnK'igc vou iiiy woi'il lliiit 1 will not ^<tii nor ;{i\u tinHwrr to my king in Ki.tnuc
until I liiivi! yoni'N, or tint vou iimki' il appfar lliat voii ilrspiMi' tlic aiiiitv of
KruiUT. Ki' '.III- third,* that you iliil Im lirvc that you luul ^'ivcn NatiHfaction t<> the
iltiiiiand uh'<h Mioiu iioult! unto yon on my lii'lialf liy thcanxu im givtiii in writing
liy yiiiiiwlvfc, wliiili aro tlii' very name with tlioMi- which newly you sent me. If
vou call that satisfai'tioii unto a governor for a kin;;, after sciiiiiii^ with strength of
urm« even unto his port without declaralion of war, or givin^ any other reiiHon than
liv livelv force to kill his ineii, liiirn one mill, Hlay cattle, and to carry away a
lNiri|UL' laden with peltry ami other goodM ; to say that your Kn){lis|i, who have
donu such acts of hostility, were not sent l>y you |)ardoii nic, sir, if you please, if I
tell vou til's is the mocking of a ^{eiitleiiian to lender such answers. ... If
vou love (letter not to nay than so to act in like eu.se, it is to make use of tricks of
slei}{lit ; for il is evident that if you would meddle with that that doth not concern
vou, at least in justice you were liound to give as much credit to the iimicalile,
voluntary and true answers which 1 returned unto you as unto the falsehoods of the
saiil Sieiir de la Tour and his folks. But I will tell yon, that is not the windiiigii])
of the business. The truth is, you thought hy Hur]>l'iMiiig me to have swiiUowetl ine
lip without justice or any reason on your part, hut pretended anil coloured over.
Helieve it, sir, that if you had eome to the end of your designs, you have to do
with a king who would not let you ho easily digest the morsel as you might he
given to undcrstiind. The example of (^ul«'ck and of the same Port Royal where I
am, taken liy the Knglish from the French in the time of lawful war, and afterw-iril
surrendered to the same French, joining thereunto what is passed hetween the
French and F.iiglish in St. Christo|)her"s Island, is sutticienl to assure you of this
truth, if you will. It is true that I shall die, hut the kings of France die not, and
their hands arc always long enough to maintain their sulijects in their right, in
which part soever they he. . . . Furthermore, sir, I know not whethir this
honest [follow) who delivered me ycmrs did well unilerstand the upprehunsions of
your assemlily whereunto he hath told mo he did assist ; lint his reasons aie very
weak — to make helieve that Sieur de la Tour had any a)>pearani'C of justice liy
saying that one might have such arrests 1' for twenty crowns in France. So to speak
is to testify slender iiiulerstanding of ati'airs. ... I should have lieen very glad
that those to whom you had sent them had caused them to he presented to Monsieur
.Sahriin, emliassador-extraordinary for our king in Kngland. ^'l)U should have liecn
fully satislicd, and then you would have known that I am a man of truth atid
without fraud in my proct^edings. "
These extracts will enable the i-eiuler to uiulerst.iiid, in some degree,
the motives wliich Jinimated the several patties in this contest, wliich fof
several years embroiled all Acadie in a sort of civil war, alike destruc-
tive to her interests and her progress. D'Aulnay having thus far succeeded
in his diplomaej' at Boston, Latour had henceforth to contend at fearful
* His replies here seem to refer to statements made to him by or through Haw-
thorne, the bearer of Kndicott's letter.
tTho refereiii.'c hero is to the documents under which he claimed the right to
send Latour to France as a prisoner to answer to the charge of treason.
26 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
odds and alone aj^ainst his relentless enemy. He hiui l)een made
Lieuteiiant-Ueneral of Acadie in 1631, and was recalled after ten years'
service in that capacity, in 1641, to answer certain charges or complaints
that had been made against him by the inhabitants of Port Royal,
through Matthew Capon, a civil othcer in the French service at that
place. He refused to obey the order, and in 1642 D'Aulnay is styled,
"Lieutenant for the King in all Acadie." In the latter year he became
possessed of the rights of the brothers Razilli, and having a powerful
friend at the French Court in the person of his father, he seems to
have exercised almost supreme authority in all Acadian matters, saving
those only which were connected with Fort Latour, at the mouth of the
River St. .John, where Charles Latour and his wife resided. Latour
was not, however, entirely without friends of considerable influence in
France, for we have seen that during the attack on his fort, a ship with
emigrants and stores for his use arrived there from that country.
D'Aulnay now resolved to resume operations against his foe. In
1645, during the absence of Latour from his fort, which was left in
charge of his wife with fifty men only for its defence, he .seized the
oppoi'tunity to make another attempt to capture it. Arriving at St.
.Tohn he anchored his ship near the fort and commenced to cannonade it.
It was defended with great valour by Madame Latour and her little
garrison, who compelled their assailant to desist from his efforts, after
having killed twenty and wounded thirteen of his men and disabled his
ship. The defeated D'Aulnay, chagrined and disappointed at the result
of his attack, determined to visit France and provide himself with addi-
tional means to carry on the strife. He left Port Royal early in the
summer and returned again in the autumn, and exerted the remainder
of this year and the whole of 1646 in making preparations for a signal
and final blow against his valiant and able adversary; and in April,
1647, with a very consideral)le armament of ships, guns and men, he
renewed his attack. Fort Latour, as on a former occasion, owing to the
temporary absence of her husband, was defended by Madame Latour.
Murdoch (Vol. L, pp. 110, 111) says :
" Tlio\igh siirprised and having but a small nunil)cr of soldiers, she resolved to
defend herself and the fort to the last extremity ; which she did with so mueli
conrage during three days, that she compelled the liesiegers to draw off their
forces ; hut on the fourth day, which was Toaster Sunday, slie was betrayed by a
Swiss soldier of the garrison who stood sentry, and whom D'Aulnay had found
means to (;orrupt. She did not give up ; but when she learned that the enemy was
scaling tlie wall, she came forward to defend it at tlie head of her little garrison.
D'Aulnay imagining that the number of men within the fort was greater than he
at fiist supposed, and fearing tlie disgrace of a repulse, proposed to the lady that
she should <'apitulate, and she agreed on it to save the lives of the handful of brave
men '.viio had 8uj)ported her so courageously."
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 27
D'Aulnay, however, aa soon as lie entered the fort was ashamed of
havinf^ made terms with a woman who had nothing but her own
courage and so few men to oppose liim, and in a very cowardly manner
ignored the terms of the caj)it.ulation and put the whole of the brave
garrison to death except one man, to whom he gave his life on condition
that he would act as executioner of his brethren in arms, and with a
shameless disregard of all decency and feelings of humanity compelled
the noble and brave Madame Latour to be present at the liorriljle
butchery with a halter around her neck. The value of the plundei" taken
in the fort is said to have exceeded ten thousand pounds. The loss
to Latour was irreparable ; but he suffered a still greater misfortune a
few days afterwards in the death of his heroic wife who had so coura-
geously defended his interests and sharefl with him the hardships and
vicissitudes of his colonial life. Once moi-e I (|Uote from Murdoch, who
says of her :
"The mental and phy-sical energies displayed I)y tliis li dy on repeated oecasionH,
wliile they so often curried her beyond the usual boundaries which nature and custom
seem to have pre8cril>ed for the fair sex, do not seem in her character to indicate
anytliing unfcminine. She was not like tlie falded .Ama/oiis, fascinated by tiie
savage joys of combat, or like .Toais of Arc, or the Maitl of Saiagossa, infatuated
by fanaticism or vengeance. Tlie love of her hiisl>and and a desire to jjrotect him
and her family, and even the humbler soldiers and settlers who followed their
fortunes, inspired her with resolution and lieroic fortitude ; and tiic same feeling.s
must have rendered the destruction of her home and downfall of her hopes doubly
bitter."
The subjoined paragraphs are culled from the Commission of the King
of France to D'Aulnay, dated in February, 1647, and conseijuently after
his capture of Fort Latour and the death of Fraiirni Marif JnrqNe/ins,*
the brave and noble Madame Liitour. They definitelj' state some of the
charges which had been made against Latour, and which had excited the
king to authorize his arrest and deprive him of the pt)wers foiinerly
conferred upon him.
"Being well informed and ussured of the hiudable and connnendal>le utfection,
trouble and diligence ihat our dear and well-beloved t-iiarles de Menou, Knight,
Lord D'.Aulnay Charnizay, appointed by tlie late king of blessed memory, our
most honoured Lord and father (whom (Jod absolve) (iovernonr and our Lieutcnant-
(leneral in the counti-y and coasts of L'Acadie in New i'rance, hath used both
to the conversion of the savages in the said counti'y to the Christian religion imd
faith ; and the establislnnent of our authority in all tiic extent of the said coinitty,
having built a seminary under the direction of a good number of Capuchin Friai's,
for the instruction of the said savages' ciiildrcn, and by his care and courage driven
the foreign Protestants out of the I'entagoitt Fort, which they liad sci/.ed to the
After many researches in the hope of finding this admirable woman's name
e marriage, 1 have at length been rewarded by seeing it stated in these
Itefore mar
documents,
28 HISTOUV UK AXXAl'OLIS.
prejudiue of tlie li^^lits and autlmiity of ouf (,'iowii, and \t\ our express <;oiniiian(l-
ineut taken ayain l)y force of arms and put agani under our power tlie fort of the
River St. John, whieli Cl;arle8 of St. Etienne, Lo'd dc la Tour, was possessed of,
Jind liy open rebellion endeavoureil to keep against our will, and to the j^reat
contempt of tlie dechu ations of our Council hy tiic Iielp and countenance of foreign
Protestants, with whom lie iiad made a confederacy for that purpose ; and that,
moreover, the said Loi'd D'.Aulnay (,'harni/.ay hath happ'ly hegun to form and
.settle a Frencii colony in tlic said country, ileared aiul improved great parcels of
land, and for the defence ami conservation of tiie said country under our authority
and power, built and strenvously kept against tlie mleavour and assaults of the
-said foreign Protestants, four forts in the inos',. necessary places, and furni.sheil them
with a sutticient nunil)er of soldiers, sixty great guns and other things reciuisite."
The boundaries of Acadia are stated in this commission to be " from
the brink of the j^reat River St. Lawrence, both along the sea-coasts and
adjacent i.slands and inner part of the mainland, and in that extent, as
mucli and as far as can be as far as the Virginias," by wliich is meant
to the northern bounds of the Englisli colonies in Maine. The powers
granted to D'Aulnay in this document were very extensive. He could
make peace or war with the natives at will, and confer upon the Acadian
settlers, or other French subjects, " lands, honours, privileges, places and
dignities." He was to possess the sole right to trade or traftic with the
savages, and all merchants, masters and captains of ships and others
were forbidden "to trade in the said furs with the said Indians without
his special permission on pain of entire confiscation of their vessels,
victuals, arms, munitions and goods, and thirty thousand livres fine."
Latour being now unable to resist his rival, went first to Boston and
afterwards to Newfoundland, where Sir David Kirk was Governor, who
received him with much kindness and courtesy, but declined to grant
liim any assistance in his present misfortunes. He therefore went soon
after to Boston, where he obtained and fitted out a vessel for a trading
voyage on the south .shores of the Province, and in the following 3'ear
(1648), not having been successful in his trading schemes, or having
formed other plans for the advancement of his interests, he went to
Quebec, where he seems to have lived until 1G50 or 1651. .Some writers
afiirm that he visited Hudson's Bay during this interval, and it is more
than probable that he did so.
Port Royal, in the meantime, remained in the possession of his active
and un.scrupulous enemy, and no event of importance took place there
until the death of D'Aulnay, by being accidentally drowned in the
Annapolis River. This event is said to have occi^rred at a point just
below the "upper narrows" by the upsetting of a boat. It Has been said
and believed that the Occident was the result of design. It will be readily
credited that D'Aulnay was of a cruel and harsh disposition, anvl the
story told is that he had employed an Indian, whom he had some months
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 29
before brutally ill-treated and abused, to carry him up the river in a
canoe ; that the Indian hful not forgotten tlie incident though his
employer hiwl ; that the redskin liad determined on revenue ; that he
[)urp(jselv capsized the canoe below the narrows and swam ashore, leaving
his master, who could not swim, to drown.
The decease of D Aulnay was destined to effect a great and beneficial
change in the affairs of Latour, as the sequel will show. Early in 1651,
namely, on the 2oth of February, the King of France, Louis XIV., having
become convinced of the untruthfulness of many of the charges made
against him, by letters patent appointed him to be his lieutenant-general
in Aeadie, and in September in the same year Madame D'Aulnay restored
to him his old fortress a\ Carleton. In tlie beginning of the next year
all rivalries and disputes were forever settled by her giving him her hand
in marriage. The patent by which he again became chief ruler in this
country recites the fact th;>l he had lieen for "forty-two years there (in
Aeadie) devoted and usefully employing all his cares in establishing the
authority " of the kings of France : a fact which is particularly noticed
here, because it fixes the date of his arrival in America in 1609, and, as
we are elsewhere incidentally told that he was fourteen years old, we
ascertain his age to have been fifty-eight (»n his second marriage, the
contract for which was signed and dulj' witnessed at Port Royal, on the
■24th of Februarj', 1653. Soon after this marriage he removed with his
bride to his old, favourite fort at the mouth of the St. ■lohn River.
In 16.")4, Emanuel le Borgne, a merctiant of Rochelle, who was a
creditor of D'Aulnay to a very large amount, having first armed himself
with legal authority, came to Aeadie to seize the estate of his late debtor.
On his arrival at Canseau he immediately connnenced to wrest the country
from the possession of Deng's and Latour. He succeeded in making a
prisoner of the former, whom he carried to Port Royal and confined in
a dungeon " with his feet in irons."' Here he intended t<i live while
he matured his plans for the seizure of Latour and the caj)ture of his
fort, but he was not destined to succeed in these efforts, for Colonel
Sedgwick appeared before Port Royal in August, after having first made
himself master of the stronghold of Latour, and demanded its surrender.
To this demand Le IJorgne at once gave a stout denial, and the English
having landed three hundred men in ni(h'r to make an attack, he sent
out a detachment from the garrison under the command of a subaltern
officer to ()p[>use them, when an engagement took place, in which the
orticer was killed and his men tied in haste and disorder to the fort,
whereupon Le Borgne determined to give up the town and fort. The
terms nf this capitulation are given below. The surrender took place on
the 16th of August, and conditiuns were negotiated by La Verdure, the
military commandant of the place, and also the tutor and guardian of
30 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
the children of D'Auhiay, who were minors and who since their father's
<icath had resided at Port Hoyvl-
Aktici.ks ok Cvi'iTi'LATioN. ( Ahridgetl. )
I. Tliiit Lii Venhiie, witli the soldier.s ami doiiiestics, should leave the fort with
their arms, druina lieating, Hags displayed, fusil on slioulder, ball in mouth, etc., to
take tlieir haggage, and to have passage provided to France.
•2. Tlu! property of IVAulnay's minor children to he loft in charge of La
\'erdui-e foi' their use.*
H. Liberty to tiie inhabitants to remain or not as they pleased. Liberty of
conscience to the clergy and to retain tlieir houses if tliey remain.
4. Le lJorgiu'"8 vessel and goods to be left to the genero.sity of the Knglish
< leneral.
It was concluded on board the Admiral's siiip, the Augiistin, anchored in the
I'iver and l)efore the fort of Port Royal, " and for tlie greater security of the contents
of the above articles the said Sieur de hi Verdure has left for hostage Jacques
Bourgeois, liis l)rotiicr-in-liiw and lie\itcnant of the place, bearer of his procuration
for the ju-esent treaty, ami the Sieur Emanuel le Horgne, the .son, until the com-
pletion of the present agreement, whicli was begun at the first sitting held yesterday
an<l concluded to-day, August lOtli, 1()54.
(Signed), Botrckois.
RoHERT Seihiwuk.
Robert Salem.
Mark Harrison.
Richard Mors.
Since the present treaty the same has been read over to the Rev. Father Leonard
de Cliartres, vice-jjrefect and custos of the mission for the interests of the mission ;
-Mre. (Juillaiuiic Tioun, sindic of the inliai)itantH and for their interests, and the
Sieur le Borgne for Ids own intere.sts, all of whom have agreed to and approved the
.said treaty done and passed the year above.
(Signed), Emam'EI. le Borone.
GriLi.AUME Troun.
fr. LkONARD DE ClIARTRES.
Cromwell, under whose orders Sedgwick had undertaken and effected
the concjuest of Acadie, granted it to Liitour, Sir Thomas Temple and
Crowne in 1G56. The limits of this grant extended from Merliguesche,
Lunenburg, to New England, and Temple was duly commissioned as
Governor, the commission l)eing confirmed unto him again by Charles IT.
after the Restoration. France continued to exhibit her claims to the
Province by the appointment of Le Borgne, lieutenant-general in Acadie
in 1658, who, on his arrival at Lahave to exercise his functions as such,
was made prisoner Ijy the English, who then occupied that place as well
as the whole coast from Canseau to the Penobscot.
The trade in furs seems to have been the object chiefly contended for
* This property was probably of a personal kind only, which had ))een removed
from the fort at St. John, on the occasion of the restoration of the fort there to
Latour by their mothei- a year before.
HISTORY OP' ANNAPOLIS. 31
by all those who were now oi- liad formerly been connected with this
country. La Verdure states, in a letter addressed to a daughter of
D'Aulnay, in 1660, that the value of that article shipped from Acadie
on account of Emaimel le liorgne was not less than 387,000 livres. In
1667 the Treaty of Breda once more transferred the whole of the country
to France, and from this period the name of Charles Amador de St.
Etienne, Sieur de la Tour, vanishes from our history, he having died
about this time at the age of seventy-two years. He came to Acadie
with his father Claude in 1609, as we have seen, and it is more than
probable that the memorial we have before referred to as consisting of
a slab of stone with the Masonic arms and the date 1609 engraved upon
it, was intended to commemorate their iirst visit to Port Royal. He was
then fourteen years old, which makes his birth to have occurred in ir»95,
<»r ten years after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which i=
certainly the true date, if the statement made in his patent of 1651 ]>e
correct, namely, that he hiui then been forty-two years in the country.
It is said that he sold all his rights and interests to Temple shortly
after the issue of Cromwell's patent, which was very likely to have
been the case, as he was then well adv need in age and needed rest
and (juiet after a life of so great and varied activity and vicissitude.
His children and grandchildren we shall henceforth occasionally see as
sub-actors in the drama of Acadian events down to the date of the fin.il
conquest in 1710.
Le Borgne (Sieur de Bellisle, son of Emanuel [?] ) was left in command
at Port Royal by Du Bourg, who had beei* sent from France by Louis
.KIV. to receive formal possession of Acadie, under the late treaty, from
Sir Thomsi., Temple, The act of surrender was not complet- J, however,
until the 2nd of September, 1670 — three years after the signing of the
tieaty. Le Borgne, having been meanwhile duly commissioned by the
Kin^ of France as his lieutenant, assumed the direction of affairs frrm
tins time. The Chevalier de Grandfontaine sucjeeded him as governor,
however, after a short time, as i appears that Le Borgne had the ill-
t'ortunt! to have forfeited the good opinion of those over whom his
iininediate rule extended. Many complaints [had been urged against
liini. Among other things, he was accused of having killed an Indian ;
of having hung a negro without trial, and of having banished three of
the inhabitants. Grandfontaine forbade the people to acknowledge the
person called Le Borgne on account of these charges. In 1671 he caused
a census of the country to be taken for the information of the French
king, fioui which it appears that Port Royal had a population of ."561
souls, who were possessed of 580 horned cattle, 406 sheep and 364 acres
of land under cultivation, or about an acre for each inhabitant. Tlie
trade or calling of each male individual is given in this census, and from
32 UlSTOUV OF AXNAl'OLIS.
it we learn there were " a surgeon, a weaver, four coopers, two armourers,
a farrier, a nia.soii, and a maker of edge tfKtls.'' Tliere were oidy sixty-six
families in tlie settlements. The surnames of these were : Aucoin, liabin,
Belon, Jielliri'tin,* Haiols, Blanehard, Bourt', lioiulrot, Bertrand, Bour-
geois, Brot, Bi'un, Vomeaii,)-, Cormit', Corperoti, D'Aigre, Doncfit, Dupeux,
De Foret, Gaiidet, (iauterot,t Grange, (Juiilehaut, Gougeon, Ht'-hert,
Knessy, Labathe, Ljindry, Lebland, Lanoue, Martin, MelanKon, Morin,
Pelerin, Petipas, Poirie, Pitre, Hiciiard, Himi)ault, liolnvkan, Win'-,
Scavoye, Terriau, Thibidean, Trahan, Vincent. Among these, Jean
Gaudet was the eldest, being ninety-six years of age, and the largest
family was that of Francis (iauterot, which numbered thirteen. Martin
was thirty-five years old. a weaver by trmle and the owner of four horned
cattle and three sheep. The de.scendants of this man are said to reside
in Rimouski, in the Province of Quebec. %
Murdoch (Vol. I., page 152), speakhig of a work then recently pub-
lishe<l by M. Bameau, says :
" Ruiufuii provus that tlii.s siiiall |i()piiIiition was of an old <lalf in tlif country l>y
tlie inteiniarriages which ha<l taken ])hioe among thcni lii'foiv 1671, sjifcifying that
Michael Boiulroit and Francis Girouai'd had eacli niariied a dmigiiter of the Aucoins
twenty-five or thirty years previously."
And he justly adds :
" There appears no mention in tliis census of Le Borgne or any of his faniilj', or
of any of the Latours, or of any governor, nobleman or priest, except tiie cordelier
friar, as resi<lent at Port Royal at this time."
M. de Chambly succeeded Grandfontaine in 1673, and he was replaced
as chief in command in 1678 by ^Lonsieur de la Valliere. To this date
seventy-four years iuul elapsed since the Sieur de Monts first came to
Prot Royal, and the reader may feel disposed to express surprise at the
slow growth of the settlements on the Annapolis River. Only sixty-six
families were permanently located there, and only 364 acres of land had
been cleared and placed under cultivation I When we consider, however,
that this place, i)eing the capital, had been made the shuttlecock of con-
tending nations ; that it had been the prey of savage factions ; that the
inhabitants had been robbed by its friends as well as rifled by its enemies,
and that there was but scant security for the enjoyment of life or pro-
perty, our surprise will be rather at the fact that any settlement survived
to have a history to relate.
* The italics indicate tlie families whose dcscenilants still survive.
|- Tiiere are a, very few now in Claie of tliis name, now spelt (iautreaux. IJreau
(Brot) is said to he tlie real name of a family now called Conieau, ilistinguisheil as
the Hreati Comeaiis. There ai'e very many Le Blancs (Le Blands) and i(uitea nuinl)er
of Trahan.s. — [Ku. |
*. There are many Martins at Salmon River, Clare. | Kn. J
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 33
We are enabled at. this peiiml (167!() to prove that some of the
i?ihal)itai»ts had erected flwellings and cultivated the lands at Bellisle,
in (iraiiville. The French had heretofore called tliis marsh " the great
meadow." It was a part of the seigniory of Port Itojal helimging to
D'Auhmy, and liad been hsized by Le Borgne, his creditor, whose son
Alexander assumed the title of 8ieur de Bellisle, and from this title it
takes the name by which it is commonly known to this day. Peter
(Pierre) and Matthew (Matthieu) Martin owned a piece of land which
was conveyed to them })y the Sieur de Bellisle in that year. The
description of this property is as follows :
'• To wit, — It is a jiiuou of liinil imd niciidow, Ity Ihcni in jtnri iiiiprontl, ami on
ii'hivh Ihiij risii/i', liouiuling on tiie grt'iit iiii'udow, on the west side l)y the hrook
Doniiinuiiin, on the .south sitle by tlie River Duupliin (Aiuiiii)olis), and on the noi .li
side by the nioimtain, for the said Matthew, fatiier and son, t .'ir heirs and assigns,
lo enjoy iind di,spose of the said If 'id as l>elonging to their own |)roj)erty."
This conveyance concludes thus :
" Done at Fort Royal at tlie domicile of the said lord, llie nintii day of August,
one tliou.sand six hundiud and seventy-nine.
" Present. Jaccjues Lato\n' and Pi.Tre MclMison.
"(Signed), Bki.lisi.e.
Mattuiei' Martin.
•lACyrKS OK 1,A Toi'K.
PlEKKK MeLANSON.
et CoiRANI).
" CoruANi), prociiratnir fi'sraf c/ iio/ahr."
The brook " Domanchin " is undoubtedly the stieam now known as
the " Parker r3rook," and the block (jf land then sold to the Martins V)y
the Sieur de Bellisle is evidently that comprising the real estate of the
late John Wade, Esq., and Messieurs Abraham Young, Levose Bent,
Jesse Dodge and William H. Youn". Many of tlie meadows or marshes
bore the names of the original French proprietors or cultivators, as the
Dugas, below Annapolis ; the Bellisle, in Granville, and the Beaupre and
Rosette, above Annapolis, and .some others.
In 1680 there was quite a little village on "Tlie Cape," the inhalntants
liaving extended their holdings north-east wardly from the fort along St.
Anthony Street toward the " land's end," and particularly near to where
the railway station now stands. To the southward, on the rising ground
over which the present highway runs toward the village of Lequille, other
of the halntmix had begun to form a hamlet which was called the " upper
town,' but the major part of the village was built h round and in the
iunnediate neighbourhood of the fort. Settlements had also been estab-
lished at various points in (Jranvilie, as at Bellisle and Goat Island, and
lirubably, too, at Rosette, on the south side of the river.
.34 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLrs.
In this year (IfiSJ) Port Ro3'al had ajijain to succumb to liriti.sh arms.
\Vt' have no particulars of tliis transaction, as no fij^htin;^ attcn'lcd it.
Monsicmr (if la Va iicrc, wlio was tliei'f at tlif time, hut witliout full
poweis to act in sue It an emcrf^ency, could not })r('sent the inhabitants
from yieldinj^ submission to the Krst demand for surrender ; but it is
(•ertnin that the continuance of the Enji;Hsh occupation did not last lonj?,
for La V^alli»''re is stjled by Frontenac, in \GS'2, as "commandant of Port
lloyal." It is moi-e than probable that no force was lod>];ed in the place
to secure the benefits of the peaceful capitulation, and that the French,
in consequence, resumed their possession as soon as their con(|uerors had
taken their (lepartuic.
Tn 1683 the whole of Acadie contained only six hundred souls. In
1G84 La Vallit're was (iovernor of the country by ro^'al command,, at a
salary of 1,800 livics per annum. Tn 1680 the King of France had
granted certain fishing and trading privileges to one Hergier and associates
on the coasts, and La V^allit're having licensed an English fisherman fioni
.Salem, in Massachusetts, to fish on the same coasts, he (the Englishman)
is said to have ung<'nerously instigated several of his countrymen to
capture the little fishing Heet of Port Royal, which consisted of six
vessels, and which the owners had been encouraged to fit out by Bergier.
This outrage was made the subject of formal complaint to the authorities
at Boston, but whether redress was obtained or not does not appear.
Bergier had no good opinion of La Valliere, whom he represented to
his (Tovernnient as a " poor man who had a settlement of eight or ten
jiersons, and who gave up the country to the English for wherewithal
to subsist on," affirming also that "betook five piastres per yacht from
thr English for license to fish." The effect of these charges and others of
^i similar nature w as the issue of a royal order by the King of France to
Bergier (who had gone to France in 1683) forbidding La Valliere "to
jict as conuiuindant of Acadie " any longer, or " to grant fishing licenses
to foreigners," and Bergier was at the same time commissioned as lieu-
tenant under Periot, who was made governor-in-chief. At this period
Michael Boudroit was civil judge, Claude Petipas was secretary, and the
8ieur D'Entremont (Jactjues Mius) was attorney-general at Port Royal.
Des (ioutins succeeded Boudroit a judge in November, 1684.
Perrot, who had been Governor of Montreal for fourteen years, now
{1685) came to Port Royal as chief in command, with Bergier as his
lieutenant. The fort seemed to have been in a very dilapidated state
ut this time, and its garrison to have been very small.* Perrot, therefore,
;isked his Government for soldiers, seamen, cannon, ammunition and
•Tli'"ty soldiers, ill cl il ami provided, constituted the force under his command.
HISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS. 3o
/>ther fommoflitieH of wai', and also for tools with which to rwhuild the
ra|)i<lly decaying fortifications.
In the foUowihi,' year (1()86) a very full census of the country waH
taken, from whicli we glean the following particulars concerning the
population of Port Hoyal, which consisted of ninety -five families, coni-
l>rising 197 adult persons, 218 hoys and 177 girls — in all 592 .souls;
and if to these we add the thirty soldiers of the garrison we have a grand
tot.d of (122. Among these families was that of tlie lord of the manor,
or seigniory, the Sieur Alexandei- le Morgue de Hellisle, the son oi
Emanuel le iiorgtie who surrendered the town to Sedgwick, in 1654.
He was then forty-three years old, having been hcjrn in 1()43. His
wife, who was the eklest daughter of Charles [..atour by Madame
D'Aulnay, his second wife, was thirty-two years old, having been born
in the fort at Carletoji in 1654. Their children were, (1) Emanuel, aged
eleven years, born in 1675; (2) Marie, aged nine, born in 1677; (3)
Alexander, aged seven, born in 1679; and (4) Jeanne, aged five, born
in 1681. A domestic servant, Etienne Aucher, was .seventy-three years
of age, having been born in France in 1613.
Claude Peti[)as, Sieur de la Fleur, the secretary, was sixty j'ears of age
— born in France in 1626. His wife, Catharine IJugaret, was forty-six
yeai's old (born in 1640), and was probably of Acadian birth. Their
children were, (1) Claude, aged twenty-three, having been born in 1663 ;
(2) .lacquos, aged nineteen, born in 1667 ; (3) Marie, aged eighteen, born
ill 1668; (4) Henriette, aged twelve, born in 1674; (5) Paul, aged
eleven, born in 1675; (6) Charles, aged ten, born in 1676: (7) Martin,
ag<'(l nine, born in 1677; (8) Pierre, aged five, born in 1681 ; and (9)
Anne, aged two, born in 1684.
Michael Boudroit, the .judge, was eighty-five years old, having been
born in France in 1601. His wife Michelle Aucoin, who was an Acadian,
was sixty-five years old — ^born in 1621. Their children were, (1)
Michael, twenty-six yeai's of age, born in 1660 : (2) Fran<;ois, aged
tw(uity, born in 1666.
Philip Mius, Sieur D'Entremont, attorney-general, a Norman by birth,
was seventy-seven years old -born in 1609. His children were, (1)
Philippe, aged twenty-four, born in 1662 ; and (2) Madeleine, aged
sixteen, born in 1670.
The following are the surnames of the inhabitants of Port Royal as
furnished by this census : Arsenault, Babin, Barilost, Basterache, Bertran,
Benoit, Broissard, Brun, Boure, Blanchard, Le Blanc, Le Borgne,
Bourgeois, Boudroit, Brien, Bellivault, Comeaux, Colson, Coino,*
*Tlie same iimne as Comeaux. — [Kn.l
36 HISTORY OK ANNAI'OI.IS. ^
Corberon, Dujiciiux, Douiuoii, Dujjiin, DKUcet, Dn Fon-t, Fardel, (Jaudt^t,
Uarault, (Juilbault, (iillauiii<>, (ioliu, <<iri)iiar(l, (i(Klet, (>(Nlin, (iiaiii^fr,
MclHTt, llcnr}', Lavoyt', l>aii(lry, liort, Leuitm, Martin, Mar^^crv, Mt'laii-
Bon, Mills, f'itrc, Pcltiot, Prijwiii, Pelt-riii, Le Priiioc, l^a Pfirit'tc,
Petipas, Reinliaiilt, lliuliard, liobirliaii, Marie Sale (eighty-six years old),
Soavoye, Terio, Toan, Torangeau, Thibudeau and Vincent.
These people possessed 7") j^ims, 6 K5 head of horned cattle, 6'J7 sheep
and .{r)! swine. They also had .'177 acres of land under cultivation,
being at the rate uf a little more than half an acre tu each inhabitant,
or about four acres to a family. By comparing this census with that of
1671, we find the population to have increased 72 per cent, in fifteen
years, ecjual to nearly 15 per cent, per annum — a very respectable growth.
The incre;ise in horned cattle for the same pericxl wjis not quite 10 per
cent., while the increase in .sheep was e(|ual to 54A per cent,; but the
increa.se in cultivated land was but a trifle over .{ per cent.
Summing up the statt^ of Acadian affairs ut the close of Perrot's
administration in 1686, Murdoch says:
"It hiul Jteen urgcil on the Fiendi (iovi'iiiment to Imild ii tower ami icdoiilit at
the entram^c of Port Royal basin, tlie cost lieing cslinuvted at two thouHaiul crowns ;
to put up a re(loul)t with paliaades at Port Royal itself, and to enclose the (iovcrnor'.'*
lodgings, part of the Imrracks, storeiioiises, etc. Port Royal seems to have been
now the only place in Acadie having the shadow of defence, the (Jovemoi' and tliiity
soldiers being resident there."
CHAl'TKR III.
Kisr.-no').
.Moiiiii'val appoiritiMl Oovurnor — Ciiptiirc of Port Royal liv I'liipps — I'ifaliual laiil —
Villi'hon rrtiiiiis ami takes possession — His death — Brouillaii (ioveriior —
Discords, jealimsicH iiiid scandals — JSeignioiv of I'oit Royal j,'raiited to
Liitour's liei IS —Colonel t^hin'chV invasion -Deutli of Hrouillan.
MUNSlEini 1)E MP:NNKVAL bwmnf (Jovenu.r of Awidie in
1(>87, ricf Perrot. With tlit' instructions sent to liim was a
lilaiik connnission, wliich he was to till in with the name of sonin person
to act iis judfjc Of iieiit«>nant-<{«'noral in tht^ place of M. Houflroit, whose
iit;i' had reiidert'd a change desirahle : and powvM" was also j^iven him to
a|)liniiit an attofney-j^enefai and a secretary foi' similar reasons. Under
lliese instructions, he was to reside at Port Royal and to rebuild the
ililai)idated fort. In 16.*<8, the old manor of Port Royal, including the
town, was made a ffi/t to the hrothers and sisters of Marie de Menou,
the liaugiiter of D'Aulnay, which she confirmed in her last will made in
the following year. The brothers and sisters here mentioned were the
<'iiii(lren of liei- mother by her second husband, Latour.
< »ii the .'ith of October, IGSil, two ships laden with goods and provisions
arrived at Port Royal, having on their way captured a number of Englisli
fishing and trading vessels on the coast, whii-h they brought in as prizes.
During the next year, l)e Menneval applied to the King of France for
more soldiers for the garrison, it having only seventy men to defend the
Idwii. In his application he says, with considerable humour, that he
" has the i/oiit, but neither officers nor cannon : that his provisions had
bteii captured by privateeis and pirates." Villebon still lived at Port
Royal, and seems to have enjoyed the confidence of the (Jovernor, wliich
hail been withheld from nearl}' all the other leading inhabitants, among
wlioni were lioudroit, the late judge, and D'Entremont, the late attorney-
genei'al.
The yeai' 1690 witnessed the capture of Port Royal once more by the
Kiiglish. This event was effected by Sir William Phipps in May of that
year. The expedition intended for this service had been fitted out in
I'lisioii by the English colonists there, and consisted of a vessel of forty
88 IIISTOKV Oh ANNAI'ul.l.S.
guns, t\vt» «I(M)| s (oiit« (if sixtufii and tin- ntluT <»t' ci^jlit xuns), hiuI foui*
kt'tclu's, iniiiiniMl in nil In- srvi'ii liundii'd hk-ii. TIic t'VfntH which fnsiicd
lire so giiij)hii'iilly (if.HCMil)«'d l»y MmdiKh lliiit I injiiuiliu-n his aifuunt ut"
Ihrni :
" At till' tiiiii' ilmt til)' m|iiiiilrtiii iiiiniiiiintli'il l>y Sir Wiiliain IMii|i|iH wiih anit to
I'lil't Koyal Ilmt is, in April iiliil Mjiy , U(!MI I)i' Mi'iiiirviil, the linvci imr of Acad'c,
wiiH iTNiilciit tlicii', Imvin;; ^^illl him a ^iiniwm of ci^litv six iiii'ii. 'I'littf wi-rc also
i'ij,'litt't'ii caiiMDii. Iiiit tlicv wi'rc not |ilaci'il in Imtteiv. 'I'lif fortilicaiKiii)' wori!
iiiMi^iiitii'iiiit and iiiitiiiiNliccI, ami the plaic was wanting; in aliiioHt cvt'iytliin^ i'f'i|iii-
sitf to itH (U-fciic-i'. I'lM'fot, the latf (jiivi-rnor, wiim yet in tlif (Mimitiy attending li>
Ills pi'lvaU* allaii's. A soMii i ami two inlialiitants. wlm wcir mi giianl at t lir
I'litiancc cif tlio liasin of I'nit l^ival, sa« tlir Kn^ilisli vessels iimlei full sail inakiliK
ill. 'I'liev iiiiiiiediately tired nil' a small imirtar, wliieli was the appiiititcd Hignul t<>
apprise the (ioverimr, and they then eniliarked in ii, eamie. They arrived at the
furl alioiil eleven o'clock at night, and upon hearing their report I)e Meiineval at
onue ordered a euiinon to lie diseliargud to notify the inhiiliitantH that they were to
eonie in to his aid. On the 2()tli of May the Kngliidi Hijuadron anehored within half
a league of I'ort Koyal, and Philips sent one of his sloopH to the fort with a
trumpeter to suiiiinon the (ioveriior to surrt^mler the place to him, with .dl that
waH in it, without any capitulation. Menneval iletuined the trumpeter, ami, from
want of an officer, sent I'etit, a priest of the Seminary of (^iietiec, who ucteil ax his
almoner, to the KngliHh commander, to endeavour to olitain at least toleralile eoiiili-
tions, for he at once understood how useless it would lie to attempt a defence with
so small a garrison without a single ottieer, and not lieiiig able to depend upon the
inlialiitants, three of whom only had emne in at his signal. Besides, he had aliso-
lutcly no one to mount his guns or to work them, lie had himself heen for two
months past severely atllicted with gout, and he was asmired tl'it the enemy had
eight hundred men they eoiilil land.
" Sir VVilliaiii I'hipps at first insisted that the Governor, garrison and inhaliitants
.-.liould yield at his dir'Jietiou, ind I'etit replied that |)e Menneval woulil ratliei- die
than so act the coward."
The teriii.s uitimattdy ii;,'roe(l upon wei-e . (1) That the (Jovernor au<l
soldiers should go out with their urras and bagjjfaf^e, and lie sent to
(.Quebec hy water ; (2) that the iidialiitants sliould reniain in the peace-
able possession <jt' their property, and that tiie honour of the females
should l)e protected ; and (.S) that the inhabitants should have tlie free
exercise of the Roman Catholic religion and that the church should not
be injured. On the ground that he had l)een deceived by Petit, the
priest, and after he had entered the foi t and saw for himself that the
place could not have been defended against his forces for a singlt! hour,
he did not hesitate to set aside the terms which he had before granted.
Murdoch adds :
" He began by disarming the French soldiers, whom he shut uji in the ('liuroh.
He even demanded their swords from De Menneval and Des (iimtins, which, how-
ever, he returned to them, giving them notice that they were jirisoners of war.
Next he allowed the jiillage of the settlement. . Kven the jiriest's dwelling
and the church were not spared."
HISTOKY »»K ASNAI'OI.IS. .'{!»
Me ifinaiiKMl loii^' t'lniu^li tn itpiioinl Sfr^^caiit ( 'licNalicr (■<iiiiinHii(liiiit
lit' till- |ilii(-)- ;iii(l to iHiininiit*- six nf tlif iiriix-ipiil iiiliuliitiiiitN us u coiiiK'il
til aiil in llic luliiiiiiiHtnitioM of utliiii-H. TIih (lovernor, one siTi^i-aiit,
I't'til ami Troiiv*', i\w priests, mid tliii-ty-fin''* soMii'i-s iir niriicd iiwiiy
with liiin lis prisonci's of war to Hostoii. Prrrol, llif pi'j'ilccfHsor of !)(•
Mi'imi'Mil ill till' f^ovoiiiorsliip, liiid a narrow t'scape from capturi' at this
time. After liis HUpi'rci'Hsion as a ruler In* had rciiiaincd in tli»^ fount ry
as a tradt'r, and was ]irolial)iy on ihi' soiithi'rn const thus <'n;;a;;fd when
IMiipps ap|icar('d In-fore I'ort Iloyal. lie returned while the j-'iiijilish
vessels were still in the Itasin.
" Missin;; llic m'litiiii'l," nays Miinldrli, " ii>uiilly |iiistcil ilicir (iil llir strait) he
fi'lt iliiiilitH if nil weri< ri>(lit, iinl ^'nt into ;i (iirinc with h'Aiiiiiiiis, a CHiiiidiaii,
lia\in;! Mil Inilian witli tlieiii, in imlrr In Icaiii what hail niiui'i'i'il. After ^.'(liiiv
tlircc Ica^iU'H up he ;;iit siglit nf an Kll>{iish sliiji aiii'linrcil in the river on w hirii tin-
tiiwii is liiiilt, anil lieanl the tiring nf ii laiiniiii ami niiisketry. I'errnt tlioiight then'
niiisl lie lighting; guiiiK <>■*, so hi (^oiieealeil the eaiine in the wiiimIh ami went i>^ laiul
tn the nearest hniise, ami fniini! it aliamliiiieil. Witlulrawing |iriiiii|itiy, he >;nt intn
thi'iaiine again tn reaili his ketih, whirli he met in tlieliasin. Twn Knglishiiieii
hail lieeii sent tn watih this vessel, as her return had heeii expeeteil, anl they
caught sight nf her anil went in chase nf her in a siiall<i|i ; liiit as it was elili-tiiUt
tlie shallnp, lieing tiio elnse in siinre, grnumleil, ami I'ei'rnt, tliniigh piirsueil again
liy annther camie, su(!ceeil(Ml in reaching liis ketch in safely, ami setting iier sails gnt
(lUt of the hasin, ami leacheil Minas in safoty."
Viliebon arrived from France with stores, and brought out witii him
one Sacfurdie, an enij;ineer, on tlu; 14th of .lune; but bein;^ afraid that
Pliijips, who was known to have been then at fjaliavc, ini^ht return, he
iield a council with Perrot and Des Goutins, at which it was resolved to
be the most prudent course to remove the stores and ^'oods to Jemse;;, on
the St. .John Hiver, wliicii was accordingly done.
A little later on in the year 1C90, the unfortunate town was attacked
by two piratical \essels anil pilla^^ed. All the houses near the fort wen-
destroyed by them, and many of the cattle of the hnhitanti were killed.
They were also said to have hung two of the people, and to have burned
a woman aiul lit-r children in her house.
Viliebon returned to Port Iloyal in November and found the English
tlai; Hying over the fort, but not an En<ilishman was to be found in the
town. He broufiht with him fifty soldiers and two j;uns, and innnediately
summoned the inhabitants from the out-settlements, in whose presence lie
soon afterwards took formal possession of the place and fort, and, indeed,
uf all Acadie, in the name of the French kinf,'. Des (Joutins resumed
the (exercise of his duties as judffe and commissary, and exhumed the
1,.'}0() livres which he bad buried on the approach of Phipps in the sprinif.
Thus was the capital of Acadie once more in the pos.session of France.
In a paper sei\t from Acadie to the French (Government in 1691, it is
40 HISTOUV OF AXNAI'OLIS.
stated ti\at the Knjjflisli luid burned twenty-ei^jht houses at Port Royal
in 1(590. Tliis, no doubt, inchided tliose destroyed by the pirates. Tt
also informs us that the ohurrh was burnt but that the mill ar.d man\
liouses escaped. It also -jontains a recommendation that the foit be
rebuilt at, or removed tf), l<i pir liondi', two leaj^ues t'artlioi- up the river
<tt I III- iieiid of nil ihf sfUtenients. This statement seems to prove that, up
to this pei'ioti, no settlements had been made al)ove this point, thou<,'h at
a later (hite v/e shall be al)le to point out places many miles farther east-
ward where hamlets tk)urished years before Uie expulsion in 1755. By
III jire Rondi' the writer probably had reference to Bellisle maish, and the
.site for the fort would have been Hound Hill, which, from it; position
and surroundin<i;s, was admirably situated for defence.
Lahoutan tlvis, and not very favourably, describes the Acadian capital
at this period, of which he says : " Port Royal, the capital, or the only
city in Acadie, is, in effect, no more than a little paltry town, that is
somewhat enlarged since the war broke out in 1689."
From Villebon's rehabitation of it, the little t(>wn appears to have
))een left to recruit its dilapidated condition as best it mijtfht. In 1696
Monsieur Du<;ue arrived with a detachment of thirty men foi' the ^^arrison.
Father Baudoin came with him to have the opportunity of i-enewing his
acquaintance with Ue Maridoux who had taken the place of Petit, the
old cure. Amonj; other thinjjs he tells us that he pitied the inhabitants
of tlie place, for "they were forbidden f) deal with the Enj^lish, while
the French did not supply one-ciuartei- of the articles they stood in
need of."*
Villebon, in a connnunication to tin; French minister, in 1696, says :
"I had last fall commissioned le sieur Dubreuil, a settler at Port Rojal,
to have si.x thousand feet of thick plank made .it a sawmill, anvl this as
if on his own account."
These planks were intended to be used at the old fort at Carleton, but
had been burned by order of the En;,dish. It is believed the site of
the sawmill in which Dubreuil had this work di)ne, was that on wliich
Poutrincourt's old mill stood, namely, on the Lecjuille River near Dargie's
mills. In 1097 Villebon resided at Fort Nashwaak, on the St. .lohn
River, which he had strongly fortified. Monsieur de Falaise commanded
at Port Royal. In the following yeai* (1698) a famine occurred in
Acadie, and many of the inhabitants, iiichiding tliose iit Port Royal,
were compelled to subsist on shell fish. Indian corn and meal were
supplied to Villebon from Boston. Home years before one Basset (who
i; called a dangerous man) with his family had settled in Por':. Royal.
*.l()lii! Ahleu, of Boston, visited the town (luring tlii.s year on ,i trailing voyage.
Kov many years lie was enga;,'eil in such voyages iip the Hay of Kiindy. He was the
eldest son of tlic famous John Alden, of tiie Miii/Jlomy, thi' i'lymouth magistrate,
by his wife Friseilla, the Puritan maiden immortalized \>y Longfellow.— [Ed J
HISTORY OB' ANXAPOLIS. 41
He was said to have lu-eu with Piiipps in IGOO, and assisted in the
capture of the town, but he allej^tid that he had been forced to take
an unwillinji pnit in that adventure. He seems to have been a sort of
outlaw, ravisliiny; the coasts of tlie Province with relentless cruelty, i i:d
treatinj^ ti.e subjects of botli countries in turn with inipai-tial severity.
About this tmw lie asked and obtained leave to <j;o to Boston, ai' event
which gave much pleasure to his cctuntrvmen.
Le Hor<i;ne was still seitjneur of Port lioyal, and his ln-other-ni-law,
Abraham Mius, resided there also. They were both niai-ried t> dau<j;liters
of Charles Latour by Madame l)'Aulnay, his second wife. Falaise v as
commandant and by no means friendly to the Goveinor, V'illebon, who,
in his journal of this period, thus speaks of the people of the settlements
in and around tiie old town :
"They fet'd tlieiiisolves aiul liave Hurplus tii sell. Hump and tlax p.'osper.
.Some u: e no otiier cloth hut lioiiiespun. Fruit.s, pulse and garden stuff are
excclletU, and provisions are cheap. Tlie woo) is good, and most of tiie iidiahitants
are drcs-sed in tlieir own woollen dotli. The founder- of Port Royal knew the
cuiiutry well hefore they .selected it as tlieir fortress. It is the geiierul store of the
country, and fortifying it also protects Minu.s, where corn is now raised and <:attle."
The writer of the above description died suddenly on -July 5th, 1700.
A Canailian by birth, liis father was Charles Lemoine, seigneur of
Longueuil, near Montrval. Monsieur de lirouillan was liis successoi- in
the go'ernorship, and a \ igorous effort was made early in this year to
put the fort in a better condition. Villieu, who undertook the direction
oi affairs until the coming of iJrouillan, .ussembl h1 the people and ordered
them to furnish a ([uantity of palisades, and to have them ready on the
Go\ernor's ai'ri\al from Placetitia, his former command, and t'roin wliieh
lie might now be daily expected. This, however, 'hey n 'glected to do.
Oil his way hither Brouillan was driven i>y adverse winds into Chel)ucto,
now Halifax harbour, and the winds still continuing uiifav(uirable- he
determined to make his way to Port Poyal overland, " visiting Lahave
and Minas by the way," a feat which he succe.ssfuUy accomplished, being
most probably the first white man to make the journey. He arrived
at headipiarters on the twei\tietli day of June, and two days afterwards
lie summoned the inhabitants to witness his installation as their future
ruler, and to receive his commands to provicit the palisades vs'hich they
had promised Villieu to furnisii — a pn.misi^ which they had neglected
to perform.
It is ('vident from .some of tlu^ statements ,nade to Brouillan that the
hfiftilaus of the Annajiolis River regarded the English with very con-
siderable favour. Tiiey atlirmed as a cause of their reluctance to aid
liim with materials for revesting and restoring tiie fort that they feared
they would be pu^ under tiie control of a "trading company": a fact
42 HISTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS.
wliich ceitainly proves tliey had learned to fear such control .'is disad-
vantaj^jeous to their interests, and it is certain the companies or the
individuals who from time to time administered the affairs of Acadie
sought to enrich theniselvcs at the expense of the colonists, who, while
they were prevented from dealing with the English, from whom they
could obtain their supplies at cheaper r.ates and with greater regularity
and certainty, were compelled to buy from their own countrymen at
dearer rates and forced to take a minimum value for the commodities
they ga\ e in exchange : and this, too, while the English charged less for
the same description of supplies and gave a greater price for tlie articles
taken in exchange. Tt was no wonder, therefore, they should prove luke-
warm in theii' conduct toward their rulers.
The (.iovernor says of the fort, which he wished to make a stronghold
woilhy of French power :
" It is sciircely possible tliiit tlic I'liemy oonld make a descent, except at the foot
of tlie gliicis, tiiKlfr tlie fi-t- of camion, or in ])liice8 wliere one coiiW dispute with
tlicm foot by foot, even witii tlie small force kejit liere, all the environs of tlie fort
heing marshy and cut l>y good trenches of earth an<l ditches (|uite impracticable.
I might have made a more regular fortification had I not thought it more advan-
tageous to avail myself of the ground as it is, which, without adding much to
nature, forms a tine >j;lacis around two-thirds of the place, elevated thirty-five feet
from the level of the rivers whi(th wash its foot to the palisades of the covered way,
so that in raising, as I have done, tile ground of the covered way four feet and a
half, I find, by means of the declivity, a terrace of more than a fathom at the foot
of the ramjiarts, which will thus lie raised more than eighteen feet by casting there
the earth taken out of the covered way."
A limekiln and brickyard were constructed by his order this year.
For the latter, he says, "the clay at hand i.s excellent"; for the former,
he would supply the limestone from the St. John River, and he recom-
mended that ships bound to Port lioyal should ballast with that material.
The garrison, consisting of two companies of thirty men each, he desired
should be augmented Viy two or more additiomil companies of fifty men
each, and he asked to have a redoubt built at the entrance to the basin,
believing that fortifying (Joat Island would be of little use. The militia,
which consisted of about 150 men, wei-e badly armed and almost without
annnunition. In another of his reports he says, "The Port Royal people
are more afraid of a company than of the English ;" and he hopes to
secure the Itulian inteiest by liberality in presents. The Merchants'
Company had an agent at this time in Port Roya', which explains the
reference made abo\'e.
Madame de Frenouse (Louise Guyon), whose hasband, Matthieu
D'Armours, had died shortly after the fall of Fort Nashwaak, leaving
her with the care of a large family, seems to have resided at Port Royal ,
at this uate (1700-1), and to have applied to Governor Brouillan to use
his influence with the French king to oV)tain for her a small pension,
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 4S
alleging that such a charity would not be likely to extend further as sfn-
icax tht' only icido"- then in tlie country. Two of her sons were cadets in
the companies then forming the gariison.
In 1702 the earthworks of the fort were completed, and a house for a
hospital constructed, which was to he under the managenient of the two
surgeons of the garrison. In this year the little community of Port
Royal began to suffer sadly from a spirit of mutual distrust and jealou.sy
among its members. This spirit extended from lirouillan down to the
lowest employe under the (Jovernment. I cannot do better than (juote
from Murdoch's work, in which he crowds into a small space many facts
which illustrate the prevailing feelings, l)esides atlbrding some matter of
interest not immediately connected with it. He says :
•'Tlii'iv is ill! iiiccssmit leiterHtion of coniiilaints ngainst tlic govcinors beginning
with Villelion, hut culminating in tiie adniinistvation of Hrouillan. Some of the
clfhrges are seriously i)r()ft'creil, l)Ut very many of them ilegenerate into petty
slanders and garrison gossip. Villehon kept u journal of all oucurreuces, from which
facts of importance can lie easily selected an<l arranged in narrative form. Brouillan,
though full of details and remarks, <loes not seem to attend to ilates or the order of
events. Hrouillan is charged hy I)e la Touche with ruling harshly. He says:
' Everybody trembles and no one dares to speak— even those who write dare not
sign their names, because they would be i-uined inevitably if known^thus they say
one to another in a low voice.' He charges him with coveting a piece of land for a
poultry-yard, and using intrigues, menaces, and coercion to obtain deeds from the
owners, who oonsi<lered its sale a great injury to them. This aciiuisition of Brouillan
is called L^I,ile mix corhoits — (Hog Island). In a deed of forty years ago, or upwards,
from the late M. D'Aulnay to JacoW Bourgeois it is liouiideil by tlie road and the
River Dauphin ; the numlior of feet in width being left in l)lank. The road did not
suit Bi'ouillari, wlio wished to erect a building which he could see from the fort in
perspective. To etFect this lie proposed to continue tlie Rue St. Antoine and lay out
a town in that dir(>ction. Three or four (iwners whose land woidd be severed by
continuing this street, opposed the notion ; l)ut he got Bonaventure and (Joutins to
take a title of the opposite lands from the lady of the manor.
"Chaiges of immoral conduct wei'e made against Brouillan and Bonaventure.
The former is aec\ised of ati'ronts to officers, and of nie<ldling for private gain with
the trade in provisions. Bonaventure is charged with sending one hundred and ten
((uarts of l)randy for sale to Boston in 1700; of trading with Indians and miscon-
duct with so II ra<ii.''.fis. The Indians are saiil to have made .songs on the sul)ject,
which they sing in the woods. Theic are lUiiny other p"tty charges in La Touelie's
letter.
" In another memoir of this year, supposeil to liave been written by Mandou.x,
the cure', it is said that 'he took possession, at his comiiig. of the land of an indi-
vid\ial to build on, which land tiie owner did not wish to jiart with, as it served to
support a large family.' The other charges made l)y La Tou.lie are reiterated as
well against Brouillan as Bonaventure. Villieu mention., his having undergone two
years" imprisinnnent and sutl'ered much from fatigue in comnuwid of war parties
both in Canada and Acadie, where he slept six months in the woods, without any
other nomishnient but sonie corn and tisli, wlii. h failed him often when needed.
Owing to all this he had i:ow a very severe astlima, that liad conlined him to au
arm chair foi' more than three months in the sununer of 17"l, and hh long as tliat in
44 HISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS.
1702. . . Dfs (Jiiiitins says III- ' iiiia to Wdik on Sumliivs and lioliilays at the
king's stores, five or six hours ip a |)hi<'c, williout lire, in thr colcK-st st'^erity ot
wintur.'"
This niHii was Jud^i, iii.'l as such ^ re.sidcd in the settleiiU'iit of all
civil suits and disputes. Hi.s wife was a Miss Tliihedeau, an Acadian l)y
biitli. The Jacob Jioui'i^eois licfofe mentioned as tlie purcliaser of Ho;j;
Island from D'Auln. y (al)oiit 16<!0) was many yea'' afterward a pioneer
in the settlement of Petitcodiac, thoiii^li it is uncertain whether he ever
removed his family to that place.
In 1703, the Kin^ of France granted the seigniory of Port Royal to
begin at two thousand j aces from the fort, and to e.vtend five leagues
^twelve and on ' alf miles) up the rive, and two 1. -agues (five mik.'S) in
widti <>Ti both sides, enclosing a ilistrict of about .si.xty s(juare miles of
tlie cream of the county. Thi: grant included mines and minerals, and
was to be divided into seven equal shires, each share to become the
property of one of the following persons : Cliarles Latour ; Mary Labour,
the widow of Le Borgne de Bellisle : Marlame D'Entremont ; Anne
Ljit(jur ; Madame Melanson, the widow of Jacques Latour ; Marguerite
Latour, the widow Pleinmaris, and the remaining two shares to the
children of Madame Bellisle. These persons were the children and
grandchild en of Charles Amador de la Tour by Jeanne Motier (Madame
D'Aulnay), iiis second wife.
More repairs were made on the fort during this year, in reference to
wliich Brouillan says tliat the inha' itants work cheerfully, and he pays
a small allowance to the soldiers for their work. The people of Port
Royal at this time subscribed 800 livres toward building a new cliurch,
to replace that which was destroyed in 1690, and a portion of the
garrison was sent to Minas to awe the inhabitants of that j)laco into
subnii.ssioi., va some of them had been heard to sf< y publicly that " if the
English should appear they would join them." Ihis detachment was
commaiuled by Boularderie, and its pre.sence had the desired effect, as
we are informed that the Minas people sent a party to assist in renewing
the fort at Ixiaihjuartprs. Early in the autumn <uie Jouin, a Bordeaux
speculator, took several vessels from the English on the coast, and seijt
them as prizes into Port i>oyal. Two of these arrived safely, but the
third, in which Jouin himself was a passenger, was recaptured by her
crew, who put tlie Frenchman to death.
Among other accusations, the Governor was this year charged with
having tortured two soldiers, with having interfered with the engineer,
with having e.xactcd fees from the prisoners in the guard-house, with a
Ihiisov with Jladame Barrat, who it was said had followed him from
France to Acadie, with disturbing the wedding festivities of Pontif, the
surgeon, and many more equally mean and annoying actions. It is more
than probable that most of them were without foundation in fact, and
HISTORY f)K ANNAPOLIS. 45
were circulated from motives of jealousy and pique. Bonaventure,
formerly of the French navy, hut at this peiiod an otticer of the jfairison,
was charged with an illicit intercourse with Madan^e Frenouse, whom we
have already seen was "the ordy widow in Acadie." The fruit of this
amour was a chi. ' horn in Sep)teml)er, as appears by the parish register.
This scandal made a great noise throughout Acadie, and formed an
additional element of discord to the distracted social relations of the
conununity then domiciled in and near the Acadian caj)ital.
Charles Latour now claimed the ownership of the two thousand paces
lying between the fort and the recently created seigniory, and demanded
rent from the (xovernment for the lands occupied by them, but it does
not clearly appear whether his demand was complied with or refused.
The Massjvchusetts colonists determined to make an attack on Port
Royal early in 1 704. An expedition was fitted out at Hoston, and placed
under the comnumd of Colonel Ji?enjamin Church, and sent into the Bay
of Fundy. It consisted of several armed vessels and boats, the latter of
which proceeded with the smaller vessels to Min.as, where the dykes were
cut by the soldiers, with a view to the destruction of the marsh lands
there ; they also did what other damage they could t<» the cultivated coin
grounds. During the time these events were transpiring there, the larger
vessels remained in the lower basin of the Annapolis River awaiting the
return of the others, by whom they were soon rejoined, when a council
of officers was held, at which it was decided not to be prudent to attack
the fort up the river at this juncture. Previous to coming to this con-
clusion they had seized the guards at the strait, and landed some of their
troops, who approached within two or three miles of the town, carrying
off one family and connnitting more or less pillage upon others, while at
the same time the Heet, consisting of ten ships, anchored near Goat IsL'.nd,
where they remained for some days. The French were much alarmed at
this threatened attack, and weie much rejoiced when they saw the enemy
re-embark his troops and take his departure. These events took place
between the second and twentieth of July. The shipyard of Port Royal
during its centenary year witnessed the launching of a vessel of twelve or
fourteen guns, intended for the public service, and the year was further
marked by the imprisonment of Charles Latour. We learn from this
episode in his history that he resided in the town and owned a dwelling
there, for special mention is made of his having been put under arrest
by the Governor and kept " a prisoner in his own house." The cause
leading to this ';vent is proliably to be sought in his conduct regarding
his claims to the flisputed two thousand paces of land between the fort
and the new .seigniory.
In DecemV)er, Brouillan sailed for France, leaving Bonaventure to
command in his place. At the time of his departure there were not less
than two hundred men in the garrison, of whom one-fourth were too
46 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
weak and iiifinii to l)eof use. These Bonaventure directed to be released
from duty and billeted among the inhabitants, that they might be fed,
warmed and otherwise eared for. Under this treatment they were
restored to healtii and fitted for the eflicient discharge of their duties in
the spring.
In the early days of 170"), a marriage took place in Port Royal which
excited considerable interest amongst the gossips at the time. Frani;ois
du Pont du Vivier, a captain in tlie garrison, had for some months pre-
viously been guilty of improper intimacy with a dashing young belle of
the place, a descendant of Charles Latoui', the hero of Acadie, which
rendered nuirriage necessary. This denouement was forbidden by Bona-
venture, the acting commaiulant, and by Du Vivier's relatives. It is only
rc^asonable to believe that their opposition would have been withdrawn if
they had been aware of the critical circumstances which environed the
parties. The priest, Father Justinien Durand, to whom the facts had
liecome known, insisted on the necessary rites, and performed them
secretly, notwithstanding the opposition of the autl)orities. The ceremony
took place on the l"2th January, and on the lioth April following, this
entry was made in the registry book of the mission ; " Born to Fr.aui^rois
du Pont du Vivier and Marie Mius de Poubomcoup, a daughter, baptized
the same day." Such an event, the reader will easily conceive, did not
tend to lessen the discords in the community in which it occurred. The
witnesses to this marriage were M. Bellisle, the old seigneur of Port
Boyal, (Jliarles Latour, uncle to the bride, and Des Goutins, the Judge.
Bonaventure after this refused to acknowledge the claims of her uncle
to the rents of the lands within the two thousand paces, and ordered
them to be paid to Des troutins, as King's Receiver, declaring that the
money ought to be given to the hospital. This action of Bonaventure
may be attriljuted to the annoyance he had experienced from the con-
duct of Latour in the marriage of his niece to Du Vivier. A period
now approached when the heart-bu>'nings and jealousies which had so
long consumed the peace of Port Royal, were to have an end. Brouillan
died on his outward voyage from France, in the mouth of Halifax (then
Chebucto) harbour, in September, 1705. His body was consigned to the
waves of the Atlantic, but his heart was taken out and conveyed by
the Profond, Captain Cauvet, to Port Royal, where it was buried by
Bonaventure with proper ceremonies, " near a cross where it was
intended to build a chapel." It is believed that his death was not
regarded as a public calamity ; indeed, Des Goutins says, " The public
were unable to conceal their joy at his loss." Shipbuilding continued to
be prosecuted. A frigate named La Jiiche was launched toward the
close of 1705, making at least two vessels set afloat within three years.
It is impossible at this day to determine the exact locality in which these
vessels were built.
CHAPTER IV.
17U5-1710. '
.Suborisase Governor — Attack from Miissacliuxetts under Colonel Miircli — Kvents iind
vit;isnitU(leH of the siege — The Knglisii witlulraw with heiivy lows — Ordered
to leturii — The struggle renewed — English iigain disronitited— They retire
— Diary of the expedition by a Chaplain— IJondi-proof powder magazine huilt
anil baiiacks Knished — Final eajitiire of Port Royal liy Nicholson.
SUBERCASE succeeded Brouillaii as j^ovenior in 170G. In this yoar
Kfty-oue prisoners* arrived at Port Royal from Boston, many of
whom were in very indigent circumstances and required aid from tlie
settlers. Toward the end of the year Des Goutins wrote the minister :
•■ There has not yet ))een so much wheat collected in this country as during this
year. The inhahitaiits see more than ever the necessity there is of attending to the
uplands, and tliat if they had done so at first and worked as much on them as they
have done on the marshes they would have been incomparably more advanced, and
woidd not have been sidjject to the inconveniences that happen to the marshes.
The tide was so great on the oth of Novend)er la.st (ITOo) that it overflowed all the
niar.shes of this country without exce])tion, an occurrence that had not taken place
within the memory of num. This determined them to think of the high lands.
Tliey know now that tlie marshes, wlien abandoned, will yet produce hay, whereliy
they nuiy increa.se the miinber of tlicir cattle anil obtain manure for their ui)hind8."
Subercaae, the new governor, by his urbane and j)leasing demeanour,
.soon won the confidence of those over whom he ruled. Bonaventure,
who administered the affairs of the colony till his arrival, still continued
to reside at Port Royal. In a report to the French home authorities,
dated Christmas Day, 170(), vSuberca.se says, in answer to charges of
dishonesty against Des Goutins :
" Tiiat which concerns the Sieur des (ioutins, on the subject of the pillage of
treisure in 1690 ; Port Royal having l)een taken in that year by n species of capitu-
lation, they surrendered with the fort and agreed to give account to the Knglish,
and deliver to them everything as it stood. M. desUoutina, as he was treasurer anil
foresaw that he woidd be called to account — as he was, in fact — entrusted the
king's money that was in his possession into the hands of a haliitant, who con-
cealed it in a pot in a corner of his garden, without tlie F]nglish having any
* Probably French prisoners exchanged.— [Kd.]
48 IIISTOKV OK AXNAI'OLIS.
kiiowii'dgc of it. The Knglisli callccl on M. dv.n (Jcmtiiis to sliow tlir cxpcrulitiirc
of the iMoiu'y wliicli llic king liaii sent nut tliat yi'iir. Me gave them iiii uecuuiit,
Willi \vlii(!li they were eoiiteiitetl. In tlie year t'olldwing, Des UoutiiiH, hiiving
returned to A( ailie witii tlie Sicin' ile \"illel)on, tiiev inoceeded in ioMi|Hitiy to the
luiliilanl'K hotise, uhoihig U|> the pot in tiieir iiresenee and the money was eounted.
Out of this sum eiiougli was taken to j)ay tlie sahvi-y of the Sieur de Foitneuf,
lieutenant, and tlie hahuice was jilaeed in the haiuls of the Sieur de Bona venture,
who carried it to Kranei', ami, by order of the Council, paid it over to M. ile
Lubert,"
He also (lefiMided Boiiaventin'e from some eliiirj^cs wliidi had hecn
made aj^aiiist him, and said that the zeal of the eleigy " had eiij^eiidered
di.'jrespect to men in otHce," and that "the Church for a long time past
has held here the rij^ht of commanding, or at least of nharin;];, the
temporal authority. "
A vigorous but unsuccessful attack was niiule upon Pent Royal in
1707. The English colonists of Massachusetts — enterprising, restless
and daring — determined upon its capture, and early in the year (May
24th) embarked about twelve hundred men on board twenty-three
transports, which had been previously provided and sent to Nantasket, in
Boston Bay. These transports were con\'oyed to the scene of operations
by H. M. S. Deptford, a vessel of fifty guns, commanded by Captain
Stukeley, and tlie provincial galley. Captain Southack, and arrived in
the basin on the Gth of June. At the strait which forms the entrance to
this beautiful sheet of water the French kept a guard cttnstantly posted,
with a view of obtaining news of the arrival of an enemy at the earliest
possible moment. The guard at this time consisted of fifteen men, who
reached the fort but a short time in advance of the inviuler's flotilla.
Colonel March, who commanded the military wing of the expedition,
immediately landed with seven hundriHl men on the south side of the
river at a distance abf>ut two miles Ijelow the fort, and ordered Colonel
Appleton to land with three hundred men on the opposite, or Granville
shore. The French, who appear to have had no information that they
were likely to be attacked, were taken by surprise and nmch alarmed
at the sudden appearance of so formidable a foe ; but Subercase proved
himself equal to the occasion. He immediately summoned the militia
from the surrounding settlements to come in to his assistance. The
first of these arrived on the same day on which the English landed
their forces, and he at once sent them forward to skirmish with, and
as far as possible retard, the advance of the attacking battalions until
further detachments arrived, who, as fast as they came in, were .sent to
the front to reinforce their comrades already there. This conduct was
exceedingly wise on the part of the French commander, as the regulars
comprising the garrison were by the.se means kept fresh to defend the
fort if it should become necessary to do so. On the 8th of June his
IIISTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS. 49
forct^s hiul \)vv.n auj^iiusiilt'd l)y all tlu; iiMiilahU^ iiiilitia witliiii fifttu'ti
miles of the ti»wii, who rendered most viiluahle sei-\ ices in the det'enee
made by their countrvmen. (Jeneial orders \vei(^ ^fi\<Mi them not to
advance so tar as to sillier thenis«!lves to lie tut off from the fort. They
wen* soon attacked and dri\(!n hack liy their adversaries, hut not before
tliey had intliottMl considerable injury upon them. On the north side of
the ri\i!r, the division undiM' Appleton soon drovts their foes in to a
point nearly opposite to the town. Here Suberca.se had sent boats and
canoes to carry theuj across the rivei', with a view to s(>nding tliem to
the supj)ort of their connades, who wer(» enj.;aged in disputing the advance
of Colonel March, on the south side. These were placed under the com-
mand of Denys de la Ronde, a bi-othor of Bonaventure, who was unable
to take an active part in these operations owing to sickness. Later im,
on this da}' (June Htli), Subercase joined De la Uoiid(% and in an engage-
ment which immediately followcnl had his hor^e shot under him. [n
this encounter one Frenclunan was killed and another wounded ; the
English loss was considerably greater. The superiority of the numbers
of the invading force compelled Subercase to retreat, which he did in
good order, the enemy not making any pursuit of a pressing character.
In fact, they made no further hostile movement until the third day
after the conflict, when they drew near to the fort and prepared to
assault it. At this crisis Subercase ordered a number of buildings
which stood near the fort to be torn down, lest they should afford
shelter to the besiegers during the attack, and which from the small-
ness of the garrison he could neither iwcupy nor defend with advantage,
nor hope to preserve with any certainty of success. He then detached
eighty men, mostly militia, with oixlers to harass the English parties who
had been ordered to kill the cattle of the hnbitanx in the neighbouring
settlements. A part of the.se ambushed in the forests on each side of
the river, where they knew the English must pass in order to effect
their purpose. St. Castine is said to have commanfled one of these
parties, and to have killed six of the English in a skirmish, and after-
wards to have attacked their full force with such impetuosity as to
comp(!l them, in disorder, to fall back to their camp.
On the evening of the IGth of June, the besiegers being ready to
assault the fort began their attack by a heavy and repeated discharge
of musketry, under cover of which March sent four or five hundred men
to force the breaches, which he suppo.sed to be easily assailable. The
cannon of the fort, however, played so furiously upon the a.ssailants tha^
they were soon compelled to aliandon their attempt ; in fact they were
forced to retire before the vigorous cannonade and musketry fire under
which they found themselves. Colonel March, though thus repulsed,
(lid not become disheartened ; and near midnight Subercase found his
4
60 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS.
citarlel closely itivesteil on every side, every valley and ravine in its
vicinity swarniin;^ witlj armed foes, and it was his turn t<» luH-oint- appre-
hensive for the n'sult of the apparent determination of the liesicuinij
soldiery. An attempt was now made hy them to (h'stroy a Krench
frigate, and some other vessels, which weic lying at anoimr under the
guns of the fort ; hut in this they were foiled hy tlie vigorous resistance
oH'ered by the besieged. Something lik«! a panie appears to have seized
the English when their failure beeame apparent. A report gained
credence that the works of tiie French were mined, and that an assault,
(>ven if made successfully, would only terminate in the destruction of
the captors ; they therefore retiied, tii'st to their trenches, and at day-
light in the morning to the camp at first occupied by them. Having
sustained a loss of about one hundred men in their \arious skirmislies
and abortive attem[)ts to caj)ture the fort, on the 17th of Juno they
re-embarked on board their transports, and abandoned further proceed-
ings. They had, however, succeeded in doing much damage, having
burned all the dwellings in the lower town and many f)f those in the
upper, besides driving away and destroying the cattle of the surrounding
farms.
The English, thus defeated in the main object of their expedition,
sailed to Casco Bay, from which place Colonel March reported to
(jrovernor Dudley, and asked for furtlier orders. He declared that his
officers and the troops refused to assault Port Royal, and laid all the
blame of failure on them. The Bostonians and the (governor gave but
little credit t(» the statement, and l)lamed March himself and Appleton
and Wainwright for tlie want of success. Captain Stukeley, of the
Deptford, defended the conduct of the soldiery.
When the news of the defeat of the expedition reached Massachusetts,
Dudley, the Governor, determined to have the effort to capture tlie
place renewed, and with this object in view, lie sent one hundred recruits
to Casco Bay, to make gocnl the losses recently sustained, and, thus
reinforced, the armament was ordered to return and renew its attempt
upon Port Royal. Of the 750 men who had returned with tlieir
commander, many had become, from \arious causes, unfit for service,
and all were dispirited by their recent failure, so that the prospect
of a second attack did not promise very favourable results. However,
as their orders to return were peremptory, nothing remained but to obey,
and they found themselves before the old town again on the morning
of the 24th of August, when March, either being ill, or feigning illness,
refused to act as commander-in-chief, and gave that position to Wain-
wriglit, the next senior officer, who ordered the troops to land on the
shores of Granville, not far from wliere Appleton had, two months
before, landed his division of the forces.
HISTORV OK AXN'AF'OM.S. ,'» 1
A renewal of the Mtrn;{;,'l*' had not been anticipated by Subercase, and
it excited considerable alaiiii. His little garrison had been reinforced in
till' nih-rim by tin- crew of a i''rench frigate, but this did not add very
iiiiiti'rially U> his means of defence, and it is very likely the English
would have met with entire success liad they puslu^d forward tht'ir
attack without delay, as the militia could not have been brought into
tlm fort, owing to th<^ distance at whi("h tiie greater lunnbcr of them
M'sided, ami without their co(jperation and assistance, Subercase knt^w
tiiat defence could not be prolonged for any pnjtracted period. The
invaders, however, acted very deliberately, miu by their delay enabled
the French to assemble their militia and place the fort in a posture of
defence. As the Knglisb troops had been iande<l on the side of the river
opj)osite to and below the fort, and Subercase was uncertain what tlieir
plan and object might be, instead of sending out men to oppose their
advance, he kept his forces in the fort, ready to be used as emtirgency
might ro(]uire. The enemy after landing, pushed forward up the river,
past the fort and "narrows," and formed an encampment on what has
long since been known as "Troop's Point," which is situated to the
eastward of the village of CJranville Ferry,* and not far from it. The
Kiench commander, ever vigilant and active, supposing their intention
to be to destroy the dwellings and other property of the hamlets above
the town, immediately sent out a party of eighty Indians and thiity of
the militia, with orders to ascend the river on the foit or .south side
sutticiently far before crossing it to enable them to ambuscade themselves
at a point where tlieir foes would be sure to pass in order to accomplish
their purpose, and where they could be suddenly attacked and easily
defeated.
While the invad(^rs were yet engaged in fortifying their camp, their
commander sent a detachment of hib m<m, probablj' amounting to about
one hundred and twenty, pioneered by a guard of ten others, uader the
command of a lieutemint, to distress the settlements to the eastward and
cut otl" the supplies of the garrison in that direction. The guard, being
in ad\ance, were surprised, and its officers and eight of its men were
killed, and the two remaining ones taken prisoners. From these captives
the Fn^nch were made accjuainted with the plan of Wainwright, which
was to take his cannon and ves sels through the " narrows " on the Hood-
tide the next evening, and then by crossing his men to the fort side
of the river, to make his ad\ ance toward the fort from the east side of
the cape. In order to frustrate this scheme, the French were ordered to
build fires along the stream at this point during the night. The detach-
ment above referred to, immediately after the disaster to the guard.
*The author wrote "New Calodonia," a name once given to the village, but
now huppily fallen into JisUHe. — [Ed.]
»2 HISTOHY OK AXNAI'OI.IS.
letuiiH'd t(i i';mi|i. wlifie for Horiif tiiiii' tlit-y wi-io kt-pt in cimtinual aliinii
hy tlip m(»\»'iiH'iits ot' the f,'iirris«tii. So t'l-ait'iil did flit'V t« mu' ulioiit
scudini; out Mfonts in any diii-otion. tliiit Miucli says, " lu* iud;i»'d it
unsat'f to proct'cd on any scrvio*' witlioiit u coniiiaiiy <it" at U'ust on»'
hundred men." In proot' ot' tliis ><taUMiient lie addM :
'■ AliiMit fiiiu ill till' iiftci MDiiii I Nutl'tTfil a iiMiiilui <if iiifii. alHPiit tift\ iir HJxty,
In j,'(> (Icpwii to tlif liiiiik uf the I ivcr to rill tlmicli tu I'livcr tin- tciils. All ictiiiiit-il
well, rxi't'|)t nine of ('a|iliiiii Diiiiniick'M men. who wcn> Ini iiuay liy ""<• MaiiMlicM,
ti until follow, to tlif next |ilantiUioii to gut I'lthliagCK in a garilcii, without thf Ituive
iinil ii),'aiiisl Ihc will of hit* otHici-. 'I'licy were no sooiici al thiir iiliimlcr than tln-y
WITT siirroiimliMl liy at U'ast ii huiiclicil French and Imliaiis. who in a few iiiinutcs
killcil cvt'iT one of tliiiii, ihcii liodit-M licing inaiiglcil in a fcaifiil nianiur."
It is <{uite certain tliat tlio British encanipiiiiMit was on the point
forming; tlu- north-east side of the " narrows," for it is knfiwn that its
occupants were dri\«'n from it hy tlie artiiU-ry of tlie fort, which could
not ha\e been the case if their camp had been liij,''ier up tlie river. On
the 25th, beiny unalile to remain then; any longer, they removed to a
position nearly opposite the foit, probably at some distance to the west-
ward of the present villag*' of (Jran\ille Ferry, l)Ut here they soon found
themselves as much, if not mrn-e, exposed to the j;uns of tiie fortress, and
Sul)ercase soon compelled them to retire from the position to one neaily
a mile farther west, which they did on the 2()th ; but e\ en lu^re they weie
not allowed to rest, for detachments of the French militia were sent across
the river to harass them and endeavour to force them to still farther
retreat. These tactics proved entirely successful, for after suHering
several casualties, they were compelled to retire to a point still nearer
to their ships.
This state of thin;,'s continued until the .'{Oth of Auj^ust, when the
P^nglish took to their vessels, leavinj; Granville in the undisputed posses-
sion of their adversary. The French governor saw in this movement
a change in tlu! design of the invading forces, and took immediate steps
to prevent its successful issue. The Baron de St. Castine was ordered
to ambush l")!) men in the forest, near the spot where they believed their
foe would land on the fort side, to I'enew their attack. St. Castine and
his party awaited the approach of the English in silence, and allowed
them to come \ery near before they discovered themselves at a given
signal, when they poured three several and successixe volleys of musketry
into the surprised enemy's ranks, doing so much flamage as to cause them
to retreat, after making a brave but short resistance. Subercase, being
informed of this success, sent Boularderie with 150 additional men to
reinforce St. Castine ; and soon after, leaving the fort under the command
of Bonaventure, he followed in person, with another I'einforcement of
120 men, thus having in hand 420 combatants with which to meet the
MlSlnliV OK ANNAI'nl.lS. ').'{
invaders. On lii>, arriMil iit tlic t'loiit lie saw the t'lioniy n'tirini^ tnwiird
their boats, lis it' to n','iiiri flu-ir Hliips, iiiiii onifrwl Moularcicnf to aiKaiicv
ami attaok tliciM. Miii'docli tluis iji'iipliirallv dt'scrilii's what follows;
"'I'IiIh iitlii'iT. Iiiii'iiini{ uitli iiii|iiit ii-ii>'i> In ••tigiigc liis (>|>|>niieiitN, niiiri'licil toD
fu«t, 1111*1 l)U|i$iin till) uttiick witli only HJxty or eighty of Iiih iiif>ii. Ho jiiiiipi'il into one
of tliL'ir fntHMU'liiui-eits, ciirrii-il it ami killnl soni(> of the KriKlinii. Kxciti-il \ty
IiIn tii'Ht H\i<:(:(!NH, III' iMMt liiniHcIf into a si'conil I'Mtiriiclinii'tit, wlirn In* I'd'civcil ii
Miiliru iMit in till* l>oily anil anotlici' in llio IlhhI. St. Caitini- ami Saillant took
his pliu'i' ; a sevnit" haml to-iianil nontlict with liatchflH anil thi' lniltomU of
iniinki'tH tnisuud, ami lh« enemy to the nunilHT of l,40<l or l,.")(M) nn'ii (as Htateil
hv Ciiarlevoix) retn-ati'il at least l.")(K( pares towanl their shallops. Meanwhile
some uf the Knnlisl\ otliiers, ashanieil of the retreat of their men hefure inferioi
ntinihers, rallioil them ami l>rou>;ht them l)iiek on the Krenili, u ho were then retiring
towanl the wooils,* lieiause St. Castine ami Saillant liail lioth lieeii womuleil.
The Freneh .seeing; tlie enemy <oniinn haek, fa< eil louiul Mul showed so miieli
resolution that the Kni^lish iliil not venture to eome to close ijuarteis, Imt tireil
several volleys at them ami withdrew a;;ain. Siihurease avaihtd liimself of this
opiMtrtiinity to withdraw his wounded, and rest his troops."
Urainger, u nativf inilitianiaii, was placed at the head of lioularderie's
hand to renew the attack, hut the Knglish had made tiieir final ell'ort ;
they lettinied to their ships, and lost no time in leaving the hasin. This
siege lasted fifteen days, and cost tlie Knglish (liy their own account) only
sixteen men killed and as many wounded ; while the assailed French
reported a loss of hut tiiree men killed, and a number wounded. Among
the latter was the brave De Saillant, who but six weeks before had been
married to Anne Mius de Poubomcoup, a descendant of the (.latour.s ; he
died of his wounds eight days after the departure of the English.
In reviewing the incidents and events connected with tlie double
attack of the Knglish colonists in 1707 upon the old Acadian ca|)ital, the
reader cannot but wonder at it.s want of success. In point of numbers
they were more than eipial to the French, and the men, when engaged,
behaved bravely and fought well ; yet, on both occasions, when victory
was on the point of being achieved, they were suddenly withdrawn to
their ships, with all the odium of ilisaster and defeat. This conduct can
only be accounted for by assuming that there were distractions in the
councils of their commanders, and a want of true leadership for the
soldiery. In the last expedition the laiuling of all their forces in (Jran-
ville was a great mistake on the part of Wainwright, and contributed
much toward the demoralization that is known to ha\ e existed among
his men.
We cannot, however, but admire the generalship of the French com-
mander, Subercase ; the management of his small force was admirable,
*Frotn this statement, I think the scene of these conflicts may he fixed at the
western extremity of the Diigas marsli.
r)4 III.SI'OKV (II ANNAI'OI.IH.
iin<l III- wjis iililv <iii<l liriiM'lv s<-i-iiiii|imI liy t>)' Saillaiit, St. (-iiHlinc, anil
iJiiiilardriii', wliusr acd'itv ami \ i;,'ilaiii'i' wrri- ilrsiTV ili;< of all [iraiHi-.
'I'lii- |ii'isiniai coiira','!' anil caliii ili'ini'iiiiuiir cit' Siiliciiiisi- runt riluili'il
lai'^ji'lv IdwmiiI till- iri'iiliiiii ut an is/iri/ '/< inf/iK aiiiuii;^ liis iiirii ami
(idiri'is, wliirli ti'iiili'il liiilrli (u aMHiiir to liiiii tin- Miii'iirss In- ho wi'II
liiiTili'il, anil wliirli lias iiiailr liis (|i-l'i-tii'f hci ini'iiioi iiltlf.
I'lirri^ is a irlallnii <il I In- I'Vi'iils wliirli .illi'iiili'il iJiis i'.\|ii-ijil,ii)ii iluni-
liy iin I'yr wiliirss, wliirli is ut' su interesting; a rliaraitiM' iJiat. ('u|ii(iuH
fxirai'ls IVuiii it sliuiilil liml a [ilarc in lliis liistuiy, i's|iri'ia,l!y as I liclicvo
llial, licit lii-r llaliliiii't.un nur M iinlucli liail .ei-n it. I( will I lieii't'uie In-
cnl.iri'ly new tu uiir ii-iuIim's. It. is l,u Im- t'uiind in (In- aii;.ul)iu;;ra|)liy ut'
till! Kev. .lulin Itarniinl, wliu was liiirn at, I'mHtun in MiKl, ami wliu was
llii'ii'fure lAVDiity six years ut" iini- in 1707.*
" III I lii^ H|ii'iM^ lit I7<*7 I wiis u|i|iiiiiiti'il li\ (iiivi'iiiiii hiiilli'V mil! 'if the <'lin|i
liiiiiM 111 I liir III my wlinli Wiih hI!||I to I'm! I!i)\ iil (iiii« Aiiiiii|ii)Iim| In iimIiicc I Iml, (nil ,
mill Willi ll Aiiulir, 111 .\iivii Siiiliii, to iiliiiliiin !■ In I In- ( 'i iiwii "il I'liif^litml, illiiirr
llir riiiiiiiiiiiiil lit (Jill. ■Iiiliii Miii'i'li, <if Ni'wiiiiiy, iiM (ii'iiiriil; liiiviii).i; iiiiili'i' liiiil
two ri';.MiiiriilM, till' tii'sl ii'il : ('iiluiinl, li'iamiH Wiiinwii^lil. ; lii'Ul,. I'lilniii'l, Siiiiiiii'l
A|i|ili'l/Oli, liiitli of l|mwiirli ; iiiiijnr, Mliitilnirli VValtdll, iif l'iHi'iil.ii4|iiii,, with iiiliir roiii-
|iailii-M ; l'ii|it, lloliiii'M, lit t.lir (•I'laiiiilii-i'H, of ISimt.oli ; IkI, ('ii|iI. (>ri(lli!y, of ItoHlmi ;
'2iiil, ('ii|il. |{iiyi-iiloii, of 'r<>pslii-lil ; ,'lri|, ('iipt.. ISiirrill, of I.yiiii; illi, ( \i|it. I'litiiiLiii,
of .ShIi'Iii ; Til ll, ( 'ii|il . Minili, of .Ni'wiiiiiv ; (1( li, ( Iiipl li'ii'i'iimii, of lliiiwiili ; 7lli,
('n|il, Ki'iit.of Ni'wiiill V ; HI ll, (,'ii|il. Williaiiirtoii. 'I'lii' ot liri n-fjtiiiii'iil , tlirlillir:
('oloiK'l, \\inllil'o|i llllloii, lit l'!\iiiiiiit ll ; lli'iil, I'oliiiH'l, Williiiiii U'liiitiiii, of Kliuilii
IhIiiIIiI ; liiiijiir, S|iiirr, of Dnnlirwlri ; iii|iImiii, OIih, of Siil iimI.i'. Till!
< iiiiHiilii-lH : IhI, (!apt. Nil IiiiIh, of l!i-iii|jii;j ; 'iiiil, (-'iipl. I' rot liiii^liiiiii, of ( 'liiillrH-
fdWii ; ;ImI, ( 'iipl,, 'rilcMloii, 111 Dunliihlii ; llli, Oiipl. Iliiiil, of Weyiiioiil ll ; filli,
(/'apt. 'I'iilliot, of 'I'liiiiiliiii ; iilli, I !apl , ( ,'iiok ; 7lli. I'npl. ( Miiiri'li, of |i'l'iri't.owii : witli
1 ,07<i Hiililii-iM iimli'i' t lii'iii. 'I'liri'i^ WI'II- livi- i^liaplaliiH to I III- iiriiiy , vi/.., .Mr. Diiiiirl
KpjiM, of Siili'iii ; .Mr. Saiiiiii'l .Mooily, of V'ork j .Mr. Haiiiiiil lliiiit., it iiii-iaiit, of
DiiiiHtalili! ; .Mr. .Inliii Kiiriiaril, it iiii't'iiiit iil Itimloii ; Mr. William Alliii, ll iiii^iaiil.
Ill (il'oiiliwicli. Till' lli'il roimisli'il lit till' /)i/ill'iii'/, iiiiiii of war, (,'apl, ( 'liarlrH
Ht iikrliy, of Till i^iiliN, "JHU iiii'ii : the prnviiici- (^allrv, ('ap'. ('ypiiaii Soul liaili , 'Jl
j;iilih, nil IIII'II ; I raiiHpoiiM, Sin-n .it, j<allry, 1 1»^ Hliiii-hliip, ( 'apt . I'llniii'/'r W'i'iil win I li,
14 K"'"^i -^ iM'ii ; /■'rii iiil-<lii/i, (,'ap(. .larvlN, I j/iiiih, III iiiiii ; I In- lliiiiiiiih niiil Mini/,
(lapt,. (Jallop; I III' /,'iiiii/ii//ili, (!apl. /aili, KowIk, )I iiii'Ii ; I lii' .|/»i/f»//, ( 'apt.
|)i!<!rin^, 10 null ; till' /'III iiil':lii/i, (!apl. Iwi. I'ViwIm, 11 iiiimi ; a liri)/, (lapl,. WiitrrH ;
Nioop.i, t III' IHiliiiiil mill Suriili, ( ,'apl.. ( 'an , 7 iin'ii ; I lin HiiIIihIiiIui, (/'apt. ( 'raiiHuii,
of lUloili' ImIiiiiiI, K ^iiiiH, 'i(i iiirii ; tin- Muri/ innl Aliii/nil, (Jiipl. Ni-Wlliiili, Ti iiii-ii ;
tlir III iirii llii , (!apl,. I'liillipi, (i liiiii ; I lir Mm//, ('apt. .Sailllili'l'M, Tt lliirii ; t,lli! Siim.ll
mill lliiiiiiiili, ('apt. VN'iiiHliy, 7 null ; tin' Itniiin /Ik, (!a|il. Siiiiiiiili, .""i iimri ; tlir
IIIIIII olwal'M li'iiili'i, ('apt. ( 'lllllllll;.;liaiil, ili-rkiil HJniip ; npcii Hlnnpi, ti'nili-IH, t III-
Slifi'111, ('iipl. Illllnii, "2 null ; llie ( 'liiiriti/, (jipl. Hill, 'J mill ; llir Ailriiitini,
('apt. AlkiiiH, '2 IIII'II ; t lie S/niilnill, I'lipl, ('army, .'I iiirii ; ( lir Sunvn.i, ('apt.
(>ai'ilii<-r, •'< IIII'II ; Ilii- Hinliniiiiir, i'\v\t\ . I.nwi'll, I mill: alioiit fiO HailoiM, Ki'hIiIi'H
" Not iIIhi'iu riril liy tin' aiil lioi until alti^r liii^ pmiiliii)^ wiih wril.li'ii, it.
Ht roii|/ly roiitii iim I III' rniii'liiMiniiH jilHt rxpriKniil. I'lilkliian ni his " Half ( 'I'litliiy
ol ('oiidiil,' Vol. I.. pa),'i' \'M, ii'fi'iM to It. [Kli. I
mSTdllV Ol ASNAI'ur.lS. iiit
tlii'KO llii'rt! will' (iiliiiirl l!i'i|luin|i, riij,Mlii'i r ; lioiiiliiinlii i'^ iiihI < aiiiKnirri h, 11 ;
Wiliiiilii I (iiilli\ , Sii ri-l/ii\ 1)1 Will ; <'ii|il. Lnwirmi- nml lun IiihIiim; iIih Ihim iiiiil
lliiil<iH, 7l ri'liiiiilHHiil ii'H, All Inn .li'lllirH iiiiil Iwii iimlri liiiii ; (irM iiiiii mIiiiIj<, 'J;
11,1'liKiiii'i'rH, \i; I III' ^I'lii'iiil H I i'iiiii|ii'li'i' iiiiij Ixiy, '•! ; hh lliiil llii' uliuli' miiiiiIu'I nl
folTtlH rilllHiHtril III Mllllllt I , l.lll llll'll.
" Till! (liii'liM'iitli iliiy III Mii> till' llii'l. I'lini" to Hitil, liy HiiiiriHH, In. in NinilaHlu'l
witli nil iiiiMy Hiiiilli wtmI. wi.iiI. In nm )iitimnf.'i' wi? iiii'l vvilli ri.iilnny uiiiilHniiil
riiliiiH. Miiy ITlli, II i"iiiii'il III win lii'lil nii liiiinil I hr l)i/i/)'iiiil oiiIitciI tJial ( hI.
A|i|>i<'l<iii mIhimIiI IiiihI nil (III- iidi I Ii Miili' I'diI Kuyiil I'-isKiii, Willi lii'< own iiiiii|iiniy
anil Major .S|iiiri'n, anil ('apl. 'riilliol 'm ami Itini ill '-, ciinl I'lil iiaiiiM ami II mil '.'<, ami
()a|il. l''i'rrinan H i'iiln|iaiiy ol IniliaiiH iliii'lly, alionl llnii' Inniilinl imii ; wliilr llii'
I <riii'i'al mill llii' I'i'Mt III tlir loi ii'h, aliiiiil T'lO, >'lioalil laml on I lir mihiI li hiiIi'. 'I'Iii-
'Jill 1 1 ol Ma V \\r I a nil- lo amlini in I lir liH'aii, lamli'il our iiii'ii I lial all rr noun lirl uci'ii
loin ami li\i' o'llork, nmlri ( ol A|i|ili'loii, Willi wlioiii I wiih, on I lin iioilli mhIi'.
II liriiiK MO lull' en- W'l' lanili'il, w •■ roiilil not. icaiili l.lir plai'it iii' our ili'Mip^iii'il i'ni'aiii|i
iMCiil, lull, alli'i Hi'Vi-ral Iioiiih' liavi'l, |iiii'lly l.lirnii^^li Inili-oiih wooiIh ami lalli'ii Ihth
arroMH our w'a\, wliiili Moinrt inn'M wi' iliiiiliril ovii, at ollii'r liini'M i'n'|il. innli'i, al
li'ii^^lli WI aiilvi'il wlii'i'i' wi'i'i- luoor lliii'i' liuii'i'i ami liarii ', ami iil niiir al ni).;lil
look ii|i oiii i|narli'iH I liiTi'. 'I'lirri- alHo ( 'a|il . I'li'i'iiiaiMiml hri roiiipany ol Iiiiliami
who llaiil<i'il our li^lt iiM wi' iiiai llll'll aloii^, vim iiI'm liaii a Hliarp Hknnimli uilli
lolly or lilly P'ri-mli, laiiii' to iii willioiil tin' Iohm ol a iiiaii. 'I'lii- 'J7lli, I'arly ni
tins inorniii).; Iir^^an our inarili ; laiiii' to a ili'i'ji ).oilly wlii'ir w<i wiri' iiiiiImihIiiiI
liy alioiil hixly li'miili ; IohI two of our incii ; inari'liln^ a liltli- lurllii'r we. took
l\Mi |ii'JMoiiriH, mill by noon caiiii- In ii H|iot, wlnii' ur liviil oin i aiiiji, aliiioHl. iioit.li
III < tort, iit.tli- iiiori' than a iiiiiHki'l hIioI omiIIh' north rivri." Alioiit half an
lioi .itti'i ('ol. A|i|ilrloii lanili'il on thi' north, (ii'iiiral Manli Willi alioiil 7->t) nicii
lamli'il on tin' Hoiitli hIkui!, IiiiI. ho lar illHlalil frnlii tin' foil, liy iraNoli of t hr
wiml liliiwin^ in tlirii tri'tli, thai I lii'y wi'iiHonril loinranip that iil^'ht liy tlii'
ua\ I'laily lhi''.i7lh, m llir liioriiin;(, I lli-y -at, loiwaiil, w I'li' aiiil>UHln'i| (al a plarii
lalh'il Alli-iiH ( 'iiti'k ) hy tin' Kii'mh (iovi'inor, Snlii-i ras, with iiraily lliirr hiinilii'il
iiirii, who lay hill in tin- llink IiiiihIi on t hr ol lirr hIiIi! of Ihriri'i'k. Our ariiiy
iiiaMlii'il Willi IrnniprlH Hoiinilin){, iliiinm la'alili).; ami ioIumih llyin|/, on upon t In-
iiiaiHli ImIvm'i'Ii I Iii'Iii ami I hi' iriik ; ^^tl\l^ llnri' Ini/./.a.H. 'I'liin I In' rni'iiiy iIIn
I har^ril, from I lull iioviit, I Inn wholly volley npiiii oiir iiakiil iinn. Our liiiili
pii'HHi'il fiiiwaril, ami afli-r a warm iliiipnli' tin' iniiiiy ret icali'il up a hill wliii^h
lay lii'liiml llirni. Oin iiicii paHHiil I In- ni'i'k ami aHii'inlril I hr hill attii llirin, I hr
I'lii'iny .ill llii' winh' liiiii^ liiiHkly upon Ihi'in nil ur lunl i^'aini'il pii'Ms iirar ihiiii,
anil llll'll l.liry tiirni'il tliiii liinkx ami llnl ilou n I In- ot liri .Miilr ol [\\: hill to llir
hint. It\ all till' till' friiin tin' ainlniHli, ami whili' wi- wi'ii' )^ainin^ thr hill, whnh
IilmIi'iI .iIiovi' an hoiii\ lliroii;/li ilivini' lavoi we \<»A. not. ho milili as om- man, ami
liail lint livi' imii wonmli'il. Oiil army wan Ion inmli fat i).oii'il to piiiHiii' t lii'iii lo
III!' loll, hill. I'lii'iiinpi'il in Hiiiiiu hniiHi'H at. tlntfnnl of tin- hill ; urt a Mtronjj; ^iianl
mar I hr fort. In prevent any HiirpiiMi'.
" |{y Moiiii' ili'Hi'rli'iM who I'anii' lioni tlw tort to iih, wr Irarmil that llnii' wrir
ilioiil li\r hnmlii'il llll'll in tin' hut, ami 'J'2(l woimn ami rlnlilnii, w hull ii'mliiiil
il liki'ly, t liiil upon a h^w IioiiiIih llirown into t hi' hiil , t hr ri icH of I lii'ir wivrn ami
iliililii'ii woiilil olili^i' tlii'in lo Hnrri'mh'i. 'I'lir aililli'iy Ihirihni' wrii' onlrri'il np
to iiH. Hi'ilknap proiniHril to hi'i> tliciii .sinl iii'Xt ilay, lint mini' rami'. Upon inipnry
It wiiH foiiiiil thai till' rngini'i'i' ami laptiijn ol I he niaii of war iiml piovlnri' ^alli>y
" '{'III' rivi'i miilhuanl h-iim tin' fori.
5() lllsroKV OK ANN'AI'OI.IS.
ImcI ii^'ii'i'd III t lii'ji Mint iiMi'iit s llinl it Wiis iiiiii'iilly iiii|iiisMilili' III Mi'iiil I In- in I illi i y
ii|) III IIS, \(liirli iiiiisl |>,'iHS williiii I'liiiiiiiiiiiil (if I III' I'lirt.
" Miiy .'Usl. A riiiinrjl nf wur wiim lii'lil, in wliiili it \\n~i milia|i|)ily aurciMl iinl
til sttiy III lii'i'iik ^I'liiiiiil ; liiit WHS ilissrnti'il In liy Oiil. A|i|ili'tiiii, < '|||>I, Otis iiiiil
Hiiyriiliili. Till' ii'iiMOiis ^iviii \M'ri' I III- lull iiiiiiililril foily-lwii ^{iiris, siiiiir nf
M({'|)iitiiiili'is, li\i' liiiMiiml tiii'ii ill It, mil iiii'ii iiiiiici|iiiiint(vl with iittai'kiiiK iifnrt,
jiml nil |'rns|ii'il nf jji'ttinj; iip I lir iiitillriy ; ami I licrcfnii' I lin army sliniilil di'i'iiinii,
anil i;o In Minis ami SiMnimiM I u ami liy what IIii'V I'liiilil <lii IIiiti'. I>iit lu'fiiii'
lliry ilriain|iril tlii'V rimrlililiil iiy llii' im)\ riiiriil nf (nl. Ililtnii ami liiavi' *( 'nl.
Wanliin In liiiin tlir cliiiicli, till- slini'liiiusi'. ami all tin- Imiisi's clnsi' liy I hi' iini t li
liastinii nf I 111' fnrl.
" WIk'II (ill. A|i|ili'liin wi'iil nvi'i In Cnl. Maich's r.ini|i, lii' tnnk |||(! iilnii^ witli
liiiii. Aftrr I III' iMinniil nf war wasnvi'i, (irniMiil Miii'cli nii'Clin^ iim, tnnk ini' MHiilo
anil sail! In iiir, 'Don't ynil sini'll a i ill '.' " I, ulin knew lint wliat lir iiiti'iiiltMl,
aiiswi'ii'il, ' Nn, sir.' ' Why,' sail I lir, ' (,'nl. A|i|ilrtiin is fur Htayin)» In liifiik >;rniiinl
nnly In havr his «aj;i's incri'iisril.' 1 saiil, ' .Sii, I alii a stiaiiKi'i' In ('nl. A|)|ili'lnli'M
inlt'ntiniiH ami ilrsij^ns ' Hi' thru saiil In nii' (sniiirwhal roughly), ' I have h<nir<l
ymi shniilil say till' aitilli'iy nii^'hl hi' liiniij^ht ' — imil imh'i'il I hiul saiil sn In (%il,
A|)|)h'lnn, ami |irnjrrli'il a safr iiii'thnil fur il anil I saiil In him, 'Sir, I think it
niiiy.' ' Well, thru,' siiiil hr, ' if il shnnlil he at li'iiipli'il, ymi shall hi' niii' that shall
luilig it lip.' I I'rplii'il, 'Sii-, tliitl is nnt my hiisiiirsM, as ynii wnjl klinw ; hnwi'Vci-,
if it will hi' nf piihlii; sci'vii'c, iiml ynii please In enmiiiaml me Ui it,, I will leiiilily
ventmi' myself in it, ami Iiml a way tn iln it.' 'Very well,' saiil he. f then Innk
the oppnrliinily nf hein^ alone with him, ami saiil, ' Sir. will ynii please In ^ive
nie leave In nhserve snme things tn ynii, in whieli il seems In me ymi are greatly
ennierneil '.' ' He replieil, 'Yes, sir.' I then saiil. •.Sir, ynii are peifeetly well
ai'i|ii.'iiiilei| with the ilesi^^n ynil eame hither iipnn ; ymi knnw hnw iniirh the
welfare nf ymir eniinti'v anil ymir nw n hniinnr lays at slake. I am afraiil snme
yon are eniinei'leil with are nnt .sn iiineli inneerneil fnr either nf them as I rniilil
wish. I lieseeili ynii, sir. In eniiHiilur, if ynn return with the forces (snmewhal nf
wlinse vigour ami liravciy ynii have seen) wit liniil lining; anythinj^ further, whether
all the fault will nnt hti thrown ii|ion yon a.s the heail nf all ';' As fnr those geiitit!-
men, wlin seem In me tn oppose your measures, they will feel little or tiothin){, while
1 fear your name ami hnnmir will he espuseil in sinh a manner as I shall lie exieeil-
iiil{ly Hoiiy to hear nf.' He lisleiieil In me, hii^K'''' "i'' i" ''i>^ arms, ami Ihankeil
me ; anil saiil he w milil immeiliately call aiml her luliliiil. He iliil sn ; ami einplnyeil
my haiiil in writing letters In the ).;i'iil lemeii that were nn linanl the vessels.
" iliini' ;{ril. 'I'll!' ( 'numil sal , ami then inniilmleil In stay, ^et up the artillery,
ami attaek the fnrl. 'I'he ne\l iliiy I went mi linanl mir ship In net me siieli
aiemnmnilatinns as I wauteil, eoiiilmlin^ we shoulil remain here at least a mouth
longer. Hut In 1 I was sailly ilisappninteil ami siiipriseil hy the cninmissaiy'^*
knnrkiii^ at the ealiin ilnor, liefme sunrise, anil infnrmiu^ me the army was inme
ilnwii in nnler In eniliark. I''nr it seems they helil annlhei rniiueil ill the eveiiiiin,
ami enneliiih'il tn liiirn the hniises anil mareli In the Heel, ami they iliil sn : anil
upon •liiiK! r>t h the w linle army eiiiharkeil.
" While we lay at I'nit Koyal, I experieneoil sij^nal ileliveranees ; one, as I was
crossing; over the river tn the (Jeneral's eamii, the fnrl lireil a eiiiinon at me, the hall
of which slriiek pretty near tnthe eiiiiiK!. The ntlier was, in nnler tn lake a plan
of the fort, anil aM'iiues tn il, I marelieil alone, well dresseil, with a lai^e pistnl
Btuek in my ginlle, ami pen, ink ami paper in my haiiclM, I marched till I came ,
"William Wantnu, Imrn I(17'>, was < iovernor of Rhoile Islaml in \~'.i'2, ilieil \TXi.
LK'>.J
iriSTOIiV OK ANNAPOLrS. 57
In llii' i'[ilriilii:i' of a Htnii^lil, iiairii» l.irir liiuliri^' to llii' tuil,, it iiihv lie iiini" IIi.mi
II iiiiiHki'l slidt nil'. Till' Kii'iM'li, Hii|i|iiiHiiii{ iiir III 1)1^ till' lui^iniMT, liii'il n i.-iiiiiiiii
ill nil', Ilii- lull! of wliiitli Hli-iicli llir KriMiMil hd iii-iir iiii>, n lillli- In llii- liyiil, in
IliiiiW HdiiK^ dill. ii|inii nil'. I llioii^^iil willi inywulf, llmt I Imil no IdiH'nrHH liriti,
iiliil idliealc.il NJowly luirkHiinl niil nf ijiiiiyr; jiihI, lliiiiik (Jnii, I cxiiiiii'il what was
ilcHi^noil ai;iiiiiMl mi'.
" 'I'lic lli'i'l Hailril iiway, having; si'iil away a pai-Urt In I In' < ;n\ii iini', .unl June
."illi, lainc 1(1 aiirlini In I lir h|iih Ions liarlimir of Ca.sin Itay. Wiiilcwi' lay llii'ii',
li'ltiTK railic fliilll till' (Invi'irini In ( liiirial Maiili, niiliTiiin liJMi al liis pi'lil In
rrliirn 111 I'nrI llnyiil, nnd ti'iliii^i liini llii' < invi'iniiiiiil witi- rai-iiin fnrri's tn sithI
In iiH.
" .Inly 7t.li. Ai'i'ivi'il to IIH III ('iiHco Hay till' /{iilli, fijj^ali' nf I wi-nly four ;;iiiis,
('a|il. Allien, i:iiiniiiaiiili'r, anil two rotii|ianirH, Oapl. I'lpliiaiiii Savii^i- w itii lii.s lifly
liirli, anil Capl. jiurkininstiM', willi liJH llfty iiioii, wliir.li iliil mil noar make ii|> th<!
liillillii'r nf mil' ili'srili'iM Hiiiei' we lay al ("aHin. With them alsn e.ime three j;entle-
men, (yol. KliNJia llnlihiriHnii, (,'ol. I'eiin 'rnwiislienil ami Mr. .John Leveiett , and
llie Ueverenil .Mi-. Hiiil^^'e, their eha|>laiii. 'I'lie saiil t liree gent leineli were (lojiutioH
from the (■overnineiit uiiil Mn|ierinleiiiling iiiiin.m'llni m In (ieiieral Mareli, witlioiit
w liiiNe ailviee he waH In ilo nolliill^.
"•filly I nil. A iiiinilier of linat.sueni out this moi'iiiiig to ealeh loliHteis ami
plaiee aiiiniig the i.HlnnilH, wliieh lire iiiiiiiy. I went aiiiniig tlu; ri-Hl . One of the
hniilH went near to the Hliore of one iHlanil, and we, who were next to them, were
siidiii'iily alariiied with theliriniiof aliniil twenty small ariiiM, and lookinj^ In tlii!
iHhind whence the noise eaiiie, we saw alioiit forty of the Indiaim sealpiiif.' three of
I lie men ; the other two men that were in lli« hout they took priHoiieiM. W'e were
so near In the enemy that their shut would have leaihed us ; Init they all immedi-
iilely lielook IheriiHelveH to their laiines (liiiii;,' alioul 150 that lay hiil in the l)Usll(^s),
and paddled away for life. The army took the alairn, and in a h'W ininiileH the
ships' hoiils, with .several hundred men, ami (leneral Mareh at the head of them,
were upon the full ehase after Hie Indians, liul eoiild not eome up with them.
".Inly 'i4lli. An express from His I'lxielleney to the three eoinrnissioners,
urderirij^ the foreeH to Hiiil for I'ort Royal ; hut the mutinous dispoHitinn of tli<!
iiieii. too miieli ene<)lil'ii);ei( liy oltieers, with the jealollHies ami liiekeringH of the
lield nlliiers (exeeptiiig Col. Hilton and (Jul. Wantnli) among themselves, forehoded
no gnnd liy gning.
".Illly 25tli. The Heel lame tn sail. Upnii nlir passage, (ieneial .\liiieh told
nil' (upon a signal made hy the inanof war to hear away fnr l'assamai|undily I5ay,
;iMd my asking him where we were hound), he 'knew not hing of t he ni.itler, nor
nt nur eoining In sail, nor where we were hniind ; the three ciiinmissionerH, instead
of heiiig a eoiineil to him, did what they pleased, gave him I heir positive orders,
H hieli he should always ohey.
".'{nth duly. ( 'ame to aiiehor in I'assamaipioddy w it h a line nnrt h west wind,
w hiili we lost.
"So far my jniirnal goes, wliuli I have made some short extracts fiom. I shall
only add what I well rnmemher. We went to I'ort Koyal, landed in an orchard,'
were amliiished, and lost alioiit fourteen men, diove the enemy lielore us, returned to
llie nreharil, spent ii few days there, anil then eiiiharkeil our Mien ; Itiit aliout 110
men nf the h'rench, innstly privateers, with their captain at their head (who arrived
in nur aliseiiee), came and lay liiil in the thicket of the woods ami underlirusli, just
w ithout a log fenee, where Cii|»t. Talhot with forty men were placed a» ii guard,
\N'here was this orchard '!
58 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
and observed till (uii- men were mostly emlmi'ked iind the boats ashore for the last
freight, and ('a])t. Talbot called off from the guard, and tiien they broke in npon the
orchard, where weieonly some of the oHicers, beside Tallxit's gu.- id and a few others,
with myself, and poured in their shot upon us and killed us seven men. I had a
shot brushed my wig, and was mercifully pi'eserve<]. A few boat-loads of men
going off' iunne<liately returned, and we soon drove them out of the orchard, killed
a few of them, desperately wounded the privateer ca))taiii, anil after that we all
embarked and retuiiied for Boston as fast as we could. When we came home,
the tJeneral found it to be sadly true, what 1 suggested to him at Poi't Royal.
Not oidy was be reprimanded and slighted by the (ioverument, but despised and
insulted as he walked the streets by the populace ; the veiy children, at the sight of
liim, crying out, ' Wootlen swords I' Though in himself a valiant man, yet I think
his capacity was below the post he sustained."
Early in 170'S the Loiri', a French man-of-war, arrived at Port Uoyal,
but .site brought no goods tor tlie use ot" the inhabitants, who appear to
have been in want of iron and earthenware.s. During the summer,
Hubercase built a bomb-proof powder magazine, capable of iiolding a large
quantity of powder, and a large building, part of which was to be used
as a chapel, and pait as lodgings for the almoner, the surgeon and Des
Goutins. The barracks were finished at this time also. In one of his
despatches to the French minister, he tells him :
"The land is good and fertile, ami produces everything tliat France does
except oh'rts. There is abundance of grain and an inexhaustible sujiply of wood
of all sizes for buihling. All along the coast are tine haibours, easy of entrance.
The people here are excellent workmen witli the axe and tlie adze.''
Very considerable damage was done to the English colonists of Boston
and elsewhere by French privateers during the eaily summer of 1709.
One Morpain, who was present and assisted in the defence of Port Royal
in 1707, commanded one of these, and succeeded in capturing a coast-
guard ship, which had been sent from Massachusetts Bay for the purpose
of making a prize of him. Morpain brought his juize to Port Royal.
The fight which preceded this event, and which resulted so badly for the
English, seems to have been a very severe one. It is said that while
the Frenchman had only five killed and less than a dozen wounded, the
loss of the former amounted 'o one hundred men, the captain being
among the killed. Many captuios of colonial vessels liad been made by
Morpain a few weeks previous to this aflFair. The commander of another
privateer was about the same time shot dead in the streets of the town
by a soldier whom he had insulted some time l)efore. The soldier was
tried by court-martial for the crime, convicted and executed. In relation
to the suc' s of the French corsnirK, Wubercase informs his Government
that " they (the corsuirs) have desolated Boston, having captured and
destroyed thirty-five vessels." No less than 470 prisoners had been
made from the English by the French during 1709, and were sent to
HISTORY (»K ANNAPOLIS. ')!J
New Enj^lainl heforo tlie winter set in. 'rowjucl the end of this year
Suborease ordtu-ed the inhabitants to "cut down the svoods wliich were
too near us on both sides of the I'iver." Of tiiese ])eoj)le lie observes :
" Tliey liiive iikhh.' facililii's tliiin aiiv |u'i)|)lo in the worM — flux aiiil liiiiii>
growing there almost to a iimi'vi'l. I look ii))on tliciii, and llicy arc I'ually tlii^ most
lia|)]iy pt'0])le upon thu carlli. Tlifv arc « liolly relieved of tlie iiiiveliiefs wliicli the
Knghsli intlicti'd on Uieiii two years aj;o.
The precaution, named in the first (|uotatioii, seems to liav(^ l)een tai<en
on account of tlie rumour which had reached the fort tiiat urgent efforts
were btung made in Massacliusetts for the rechiction of French ])ower in
Acadie by tlie eaj)tui-e and eon<|Uest of Fori l{oyal in tiie coming year ;
nor was the rumour ill-founded.
Colonel Francis Nicholson,* who had, even at this date, an exten
sive experience as a colonial governor, and who was therefore well
accjuainted with colonial affairs, was the leading spirit of the enter-
prise which was henceforth to make the year 1710 remarkable in the
annals of this province. Colonel Vetch, who had assisted Nicholson
while in England to impress upon the British Government the neces-
sity of renewing the endeavoui- to wrest from the J'^-ench Crown its
colonies in North America, came o\ei' to Boston in May, 1710.
Nicholson, who had obtained assistance in England, arrived a little
hater in the season in H.M.S. Drmjoh, which was accompanied by the
Falmouth and two smaller vessels. These were to be added to a
squadron to be provided by New England. Besides these H.M.S.
Chester, Leostn(fe and Fevertiliam, already on this station, were ordered to
join the expedition. The transports were furnished by Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and they were twenty-
four in number, which, with those before named and some others, made
a grand total of thirty-six vessels connected with the expedition, which
was placed under the command of Nicholson, with Vetch as adjutant-
general. The military portion of the armament consisted of one regiment
of marines, two regiments from Massachusetts, one from Connecticut,
and one fioin New Hampshire and Rhode Island. The grenadiers of
the New Hampshire regiment were commatided by Paul Mascarene, a
gentleman whose name, from this time for nearly half a century after-
wards, is to l)e continuously and honourably connected with the history
of this province. The expedition sailed from Nantasket, in ^Nlassa-
chusetts Bay, on the 18th September, and six days afterwards it safely
* Born in Kngland ; Lieutenant-itovcrnor of New ^'ol'k under Anilros, l(i87-8!t :
(Jovcnior of Virginia I(J!»0-<»2, and i(i<t!tI70r) ; and of Maryland It)i)4-95t. Aftei'
serving as (iovernor of Xova Seotia he was knighted in 17-0, and was Governor
of South Carolina in 17'21'2."), and died in 17-8. — jKi). |
60 IIISTOUV UK ANNAI'OLIS.
outfrod the lower basin of Port Royal, wlieiv it remained until after the
first d.'iy of Octobei'. Two days later Nicliolson sent the foUowini^
sunnnons to Suhercase:
" \fi\\ are licic liy re(|iiirfil uiiil ciiimiiiinclrd to di'liver u|) t(i ine ti>f till' </iit'en of
(treat Riitniii tlie fort at ))rL'ai'nt uiidtT yo\if cdiitrdl, wliich hy riglil bi'loiigs to Her
saiil Maji'sty, logetliri w^tli all tilt- territorie.H wliicli arc under yoiii' coiimianil liy
virtue of the undoulted light of her royal prcilcii'ssois, and also with all the guns,
nu>rtars, niaga/incH of wai', and troops likewise under your eomniand, otherwise 1
shall exert myself with diligence to reduee tlieni hy force of Her Majesty's arms.
" Given under my han<l and seal-at-arnis. the tiiiid day of Oetol)er, in the ninth
year of the reign of our Sovereign I>ady (>>ueen Anne, liy the grace of God, of Great
liritain, France and Ireland, defender of the Faith, anD0(|ue Domini, 1710.
" (•*^ig'ied), F. .1. NieiioLsoN.
"Oetol.er.Srd, 1710. "
This suniuions was sent while the fleet was still in the lower basin, and
it was not till the Htli tiiat it came to anchor a little below the fort. On
the next day the troops were landed — tlie major part of them on the
south side the river, and tiie remainder on the (xranville or nortli side, a.s
liad been done by March m the first .siege in 1707. The condition of the
fort and the feelinj^s of its defenders, especially of tlie militia, made the
defence a subj^ot of uneasiness to Subercase. The conduct of France
toward its subjects in tliis place had always been unwise and impolitic,
and since the sie<(e so recently raised no supplies had arrived at Port
lioyal, thou<{h tlie 'iolony then stood in sore need of them. Durinji; the
three years sine*' that event everythin;; which reached tliem liad been
taken from tiie enemy by the activity and darinj,' of the privateer.s who
appear to have nuide this part of Acailie tiieir headijuarters. Tlie almost
studied neirlect with which the colonial inhabit mts were continually
treated by their countrymen at home, had, in s( me measure, alienated
their aft'ectifms from the French monarch, while the comparativt; cheapness
of English gootls acted as a bribe to their cupidity, and led them to view
a coiKjuest as not the greatest calaniity that could befall them. Even the
supply of clothing to the garrison wa.s dealt out with a niggardly parsi-
mony, or entirely withheld, and no one knew better than Subercase
the feelings which animated the people around him, in conse(|uence of
these things : indeetl, it may be fairly said that his only object on this
trying occasion was to oVitain as favourable terms as possibh^ from his
formiihible enemy.
Nicholson having summoned the garrison to surrender did not long
remain idle, but as we have seen innnetliately landed liis forces and pre-
pared for an attack. He had determined if possible to assail the fort on
the two .sides at tiie same time. The portion of his forces which had been
landed in CJranville, were to proceed to a point above the town to be
transported thence to the opposite shore, where they would be enabled
HISTORY OF ANXAl'OT-rs. 01
to appi'oauli tilt! fort toward its tiastcrn j^laci.s, wliilc tliose wlio luul
landed on tlic^ Clcnicnts slioi-o should prorccd to invest it on tlic western
and soutliei'ii sides, and it is (juite certain tliis plan was carried into
operation. Murdoch (\'ol. I., p. 31."?) says:
"There is a tiii<liti<(ii tliat Nicliolsoii passeil liis trmipxlty iiij,'lit in small \ussels
by tlie fort, ami round Hof,' Island, up the nairow jiart of the tivei', landiu;; some-
where in tl:o rear of the .spot where the late .Judge Thonuis Kitchii's mansion
is huilt, and gnidually made his approaches in front of the site of the court-house of
Ainiapolis. "
r think there is every reason to helieve tliat tlie artillery and part ot'
the men were so conveyed, and that the boats used for that purpose were
afterwards enaployed to bring over the (Jranv ille detachment. An attack
made from the south-west, on the Gth, lia\ inj; been ie})elled with loss to
the besief^ers, they, on the ne.xt day, followed the western bank of Allain's
(now Lecpiille) river upwards to what was long afterwards — in fact, even
to this day — called the "General's liridge," where they crossed the stream
without opposition, and were thus abl»> to reach the fort from the south,
and unite their operations with those of their bretlu-en, wlio had alicady
landed on the south-eastern side. This nian<eu\ re was covered by a can-
nonade from the north and west — the river side of the fort — from tlie
vessels which were anchored there. While the cannonmle from this
quarter continued, the remaining artilieiy and amnuniition of the English
were successfully .sent through tiie narrows to the camp already foi'med
in that direction, or to speak more correctly, winch was then being formed.
On the 8th Subercase ordered a violent cannonade upon this camp,
with the innnediate object of preventing them from erecting l)atteries, and
he was so successful that they were obliged to abandon their intention
for tlie time, and to select another spot for that purpose. The French
artillery continued to throw bombs and other missiles into the English
camp during the earlier part of the 9tli, but ceased in the afternoon owing
to heavy rain. On this day some of the English ships approached the
town and bombarded the fort, discharging forty-two bombs of two hun-
dred pounds' weight, but without serious effect upon the besieged, who
endeavoured in return to bombard tlie ships, but faile<l through the
bursting of their mortars.
On the lOtli of October, having enlarged their batteries and more
thoroughly entrenched themselves, the English renewed the bombard-
ment, and continued it during the night of that day and the morning of
the next. During the night several soldiers and about fifty of the
inhabitants deserted from the French, and Charles Latour was wounded
by a fragment of one of the bomb-shells which exploded in the fort, into
which it had been thrown from one of the invaders' b.atteries. On the
11th the inhabitants petitioned iSubercase to ask for terms, alleging if
68 IIISTOKV OV ANNAI'OI.IS.
tlif jdaco was licld iiiiy loiiy*'!' fiyaiiist tlu' enemy iii> (|iiiirtci' would ))0
liivcii tlit'in. 'J'lie Kiij^lisli hattciics, on llu' llMli, li.ul liccn J)um1h'<I for-
waril to a point svitliin a \<'rv sli(»it distance of tlic works of tlic iK'sic^fcd,
and a furious cannonad*' was coninienced, w liicli, for a time, was as hotly
returned 1>\ ili'' French, hut the (i(»\t'rnoi' finding' tliat th») spirit of the
ifarrisoii was conipiclcly ln'okcn, and tliat further eU'ort couhl not h>n<(
pre\i,'nt the f(^i't hcinj,' taken l»y assauH, sent an ollieer to Nicliolson to
j)ropos(' .1 capitulation. The terms of surrender were soon agreed upon
etucen the parties, and the fort was delivei'ed up to the En<^lish on the
l<)th, when the i^ai'rison, to the nuniher of over two hundred men, were
found to ha\(' heen reduced to a miseral)le condition, liein;; left without
either food or clothini^. So <;reat was the scarcity of provisions tliat the
Dritish comman<ler found it necessary to disti'ihute food from his own
stores to the starviui; sull'erers. h'our hundred and eighty pei'sons,
includin>{ the garrison, were afterwards shi[»ped to Koehelle, in France,
in accordance with the terms of capitulation. By another clause in the
terms it was agreed, " that the inhabitants within cannon-shot of the fort
should remain upon their estates, with their corn, catth;, anil furtnture,
during two years, in case they are not desirous to go before — they taking
the oath of allegiance and fidelity to Her sacred Majesty oi Great
Britain : " and, by a memorandum appended, it was stated and agreed
that a "cannon-shot " should be held to be eijual to a distance of thnie
English miles in all directions from the fort. This district was known as
the fjandeni;* and was cjuite populous. Thus, for the sixth time, Port
Koyal, 10.') years after its foundation, became by conijuest a possession
of the i'<nglish Crown, but not, as ever before, to pass from its rule
again either by treaty ot conquest.
* Kfcni'li woril for tlic " iiut.skirts " of i\ ))Iace. — [Kd.]
V -
GENERAL NICHOLSONS PLi
-AN OF THE FORT IN 1710.
CHAPIVER V.
1710-1732.
Vetch the first English (iovernnr — Acatlians complain of liis treatment of thorn —
Seek aid from the Governor of Canada to leave- Bloody Creek — Nicholson
Governor — Queen Anne's letter — Census of 1714 — I'liillipps Governor —
Council appointed — Mascarene's description of the town — Attacks by Indians
— Civil court established — A clerical scandal — Treaty with the Indians —
Armstrong Lieut. -Governor — Uoucet's <leath —French take qualified oath —
Commission of the Peace — Cosby Lieut. -Governor — Phillipp.s' return to the
seat of Government — Again leaves — Armstrong Lieut. -Governor — Land
grants.
IN 1711, the French inhabitants of the Annapolis valley sent a letter
to the Governor of Canada (Vaudreuil), praying him to commiserate
their condition and furnish them with the means of leaving the country.
In this document they complain of Governor Vetch, saying that he
" treats them like negroes," and that he asserts that they should be
grateful that he did not treat them worse. Provisions being scarce, Mr.
Capon, the commissary of the fort, with five or six friendly French, went
up the river about nine miles to arrange for a supply, and while in the
house of one Le Blanc he was made prisoner by an armed party and
carried some distance, but Le Blanc followed and redeemed him with his
own money. One Sunday morning A'^etch sent up the river a force of
fifty men under Captain Abercrombie, who arrested the cure, Father
Justinien, and four of the principal inhabitants and brought them to the
fort; where the Governor told them they should remain in custody until
the people delivered up the abductors ; and shortly after went to Boston,
taking the cure and an Indian with him as hostages. The town does not
appear to have been deficient in the means of punishment by way of
imprisonment, as the Governor confined Louis Allain and his son in a
dungeon, where he put them in irons. They were charged with encourag-
ing desertion among the troops of the garrison, which then consisted of
five hundred men, some of whom were regulars, and others New England
volunteers. Murdoch (Vol. I., p. 323), says :
"It is stated that of this number more than three hundred and forty had died
of sickness and in sorties up to the first day of Juno, 1711, that is, withiu seven
months of the surrender of the place."
64 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
Christopher Cahouet descrilies the condition of tlie fort at tliin perio*!
as bein;,' anythinj,' but good ; it was in a " tumble-down " state and tlie
English had repaired the breaches in the walls by means of chi'i'ini.i-ilf-
frise and stockades only. He also informed his French master that the
inhabitants and Indians, to the number of five or six hundred, meditat«'fl
an attack upon it at an early tlay.
It was during this year that a massacre occurred, which has given a
name to one of the tributaries of the Annapolis Hiver, which it still beais.
I refer to the " Bloofly Crer-k " brook, near Bridgetown. Such of the
French in this locality as were willing to supply wood and timbei- for the
fort were luirassed and prevented by the Indians, incited to ever-recur-
ring acts of hostility to the English by Gaulin, a missionary priest. Men
cutting wood were sometimes shot by enemies in ambush, and rafts were
often cut adrift. To guard the inhabitants thus employed from such
molestations, and show the Indians that the French were performing
such services under compulsion, as well as to overawe the unruly among
the latter, the Governor, at the reejuest of Major Forbes, the engineer,
sent an expedition of eighty men, the elite of the garrison, up the river in
two tlat-boats and one whale-boat, under command of Captain Pidgeon.
Haviiig lost a tide on the way, the Indians got news of their approach,
and not anticipating danger, the whale-boat was nearly a mile ahead of
the others, when its occupants were surprised by a party of Indians con-
cealed in the woods, which everywhere then lined the banks of the
stream. They had reachetl the mouth of the creek in safety, and were
proceeding up tne winding channel when the attack was made. It is
probable that the Indians allowed them to pass quietly up to the head of
the tide and to effect a partial landing, before they discovered themselves
by making their murderous onslaught. This seems the more certain,
because tradition points to a spot on the left bank of the stream, and
a little to the southward of the present highway, as the scene of tliis
disaster. The men in the other boats, hastening at the sound of firing
to the help of their comrades, were speedily caught in the same ambush.
Thirty of the English were killed and the remainder made prisoners,
although the attacking party consisted of only forty-two men. The fort
major and the engineer, and all the boats' crews were killed, and two
captains, two lieutenants and an ensign, with the remainder of the
soldiers, were compelled to surrender at discretion.
The immediate effect of this aflFair was to encourage the French and
their Indian allies to carry out their design of attempting to recover the
possession of Port Royal, (iaulin, the Jesuit missionary, instantly on
the receipt of the news, assembled two hundred men, and with them
marched to Annapolis. The inhabitants of the banlieue, as well as
those of the river settlements, joined the besieging force, the former
HISTOItV OK ANNAPOLIS. 66
alleging a.s a justification of tlifir truitorfnis conduct, a violation of the
articles of capitulation in the preceding year, whereby they were freed
from the oaths they hud then taken. Tlie garrison was thus confined to
the limits oi the fort. (Jaulin having caged liis foes in this manner, left
the investing battalions and went to Placentia to secure additional aid
from Costal)elle, the Governor of that place, from whom lie obtained
twelve hundred pounds of jMiwder, blankets, guns anfl other necessary
materials ; but at this juncture, and shortly after he had sailed to return,
startling news reached Placentia. A large fleet of sixty sail of .ships had
been seen making their way toward Quebec, and Gaulin's vessel had
l)een captured by one of these after making a very courageous defence.
Vaudreuil, the Governor at Quebec, had received the inspiriting news
of the battle of " Bloody Creek," and liad without delay fitted out an
expedition intended to be sent to Annapolis Royal to assist in its reduc-
tion ; but before its departure, the intelligence that measures had been
taken l)oth at New York and Boston to send forces for its defence, was
received by him, and he abandoned his project. Vetch had indeed left
Annapolis for Boston, leaving Sir Charles Hobby in command, and had
obtained reinforcements to the number of four hundred men for its
defence, thus for the time effectually securing it against further danger
from its assailants.
The reader must not forget that France ardently desired and con-
fidently looked forward to the repossession of Port lloyal. With this
end in view Vaudreuil had, at the Ijeginning of 1711, appointed Anselm,
Baron St. Castine, whose wife was a Port Royal woman, to be his lieu-
tenant in Acadie. In 1707, he had married Charlotte D' Amours, and
was present and assisted in the defence of the town during the sieges of
that year, and was wounded in repelling one of the attacks then made
upon it. These acts of the French colonial authorities show that they
looked upon the recent conquest as one that was not to be of long con-
tinuance, and even after the distinct cession of Nova Scotia by the
Treaty of Utrecht, they did not give up their hope of its recovery by
reconcjuest.
In June, 1713, the Queen of Great Britain, in whose honour the name
of Po»'t Royal was changed to Annapolis (the City of Anne), sent the
follov ing letter to Francis Nicholson, then Governor-in- chief of this pro-
vince, which, as it relates to the French settlers here, I transcribe in full :
" Anne R, Trusty ami well lieloved : we greet you well, Whereas our good
l)rotlier the most Christian King, hath at our desire, released from imprisonment on
board his galleys, sncli of his subjects iw were detained there on account of theii
professing tlie Protestant religion ; we being willing to shf)w by some mark of our
favour toward his subjects liow kind we take his compliance therein, we have there-
fore thought fit here))y to signify our will and jdeaaure to you, that you permit sucii
5
66 IILSTOUV OK ANNAI'OLIS.
of tlii-m ii« have iiny liiiids of tcni-iiM'tits in tiir pliiccM iiikIim' your (ioi'ernmi'nt in
At^ailiu 1111(1 Ni!wfiiiiii<IIuiiil, tliiit liiivu l>ceii or HIT willing to coiitinuL- our xiilijcirlH,
to rctuin and enjoy their wiid lumU iinil tencnientit without any nioleHtation, as fully
and freely im <ithei' our Huhjects do, or may (lOHHena th(Mi' lands or ustateH, or to kcII
tiic name if tlii;y siuill rather chrMtsc to leniove elHcwhere. And for so doing, thin
Hhall ' ' your warrant, and ho wc heartily bid you farewell.
" (jJiven at our Court at Kentiington, the twenty-third ilay of June, 1713, in
the twelfth yeftr of our reign.
"(Signed), Dartmouth.
" F. NlciiousoN, Es<^, Governor.'"
The history of Annapoliss, iiiul of the whole Province, from this period
to 1755, will con.sist chiefly of a relation of the struggles made by the
French to prevent the permanent settlement of the country by the
English, and of the efforts of the latter to bring the inhabitants to
become true and loyal subjects of the Crown of Great Britain.
In 1714, a census of Port Royal — or Annapolis Royal, as it must
henceforth be called — -that is, of all the hamlets on the Annapolis River,
was mtvde, in which the surnames of the families are given. The total
number of inhabitants was 6.'i7.
The names are as follows : Abraham, Alain, Barnabe, Beliveau,
Beaumont, Beaupre, Bernard, Blanchard, Blondin, Bonappetit, Boudrot,
Bourg, Bourgeois, Breau, Brossard, Cadet, Crane, Champagne, Cle-
menceau, Commeau, Cosse, D'aml)oise, Debert, Dubois, Denis, Doucet,
Dugas, Dumont, Dupuis, Emmanuel, L'Etoile, Forest, Oentil, Girouard,
Godet, Gouselle, Grange, Guillebeau, Hebert, Jean, Labaune, Langlois,
La Liberte, Laurier, Landry, La Rosette, Ljifont, La Montague, Lapierre ;
Lanoue, Lavergne, Le Basque, L'Esperance, lie Breton, Leblanc, Le-
marquis, (2) L'Etoile, Lionnais, Maillard, Martin, Melanson, Michel,
Moire, Nantois, Olivier, Paris, Parisien, Piltre, Pellerin, Petitpas, Potier,
Poubomcoup, Raimond, Richard, Robichau, (2) La Rosette, Samson,
Savary, Savoie, Sellan, Surette, St. Louis, St. Scenne, Thibodeau,
Tourangeois, La Verdure, Villate, Vincent, Yvon.
The Beaupres probably had their dwelling on the farm lately occupied
by Mr. William Carty, as the marsh adjoining it still bears their name.
The Beliveaus lived on the Bell Farm (Fitz-Randolph's), near Bridge-
town, as may be proved by an old deed of those lands, in which it is
called Beliveau's farm, the prefix "Bell," by which it is still known,
being a contraction of the name Beliveau. The Duga.s lived a short
distance below the town of Annapolis, and gave their name to the
marsh in that district. The La Rosettes gave their name to the marsh
and beautiful district to the eastward of the town, which it bears to
this day, and tlie Oliviers owned a house and lot in the town, which was
on the east side of the old Cooper lot so called, a fact which may be
verified by an old deed of 1717, now or recently in the possession of
HISTOKV UK ANXAI'Ot.lS. 67
Mrs. Hiimuel Btiyiini, of Ht. .lohn, N.B. Mr. Olivior wiis Iniried in the
old ^ravoyurd n«iir the fort, wlion; a stone with tin inscription still
marks his gravp. He died in IT.'U. There can l)e no reasonable dttubt
f)f the accuracy of this .statement. In the document referrefl to he is
called Antf)ine Olivier, and in the inscription he is culled Mr. Anthony
Oliver, The Pciicrins had a hou.se near, if not j>recisely on, the present
site of the Oowlin;? House, now standing in the old capital.
In this year T find the first mention made of Lieutenant-dovernor
Armstrong, who for so many years resided in Annapolis, and conducted
the affairs of the colony, and wh*) unfortunately ended his faithful
services and useful life by committing suicide. In 1711 he was sent
to Kngland by Vetch, who then commande<l at Annapolis, to solicit the
aid of the Board of Trade in procuring tiie means to strengthen and
repair the defences of the town, and to urge upon them the value and
resources of the country, and the wi.sdom of taking active and immediate
measures to preserve it to the Crown. He informed the Board that the
garrison was dependent on the merchants of New England for supplies,
and that they demanded extravagant prices for what they furnished,
and recommended settling a sufiicient number of English people here to
produce the food recjuired, and suggested that the town should be made
a free port. Concerning the fortifications he says :
" As to the fortitioatioiiH, tliey are in form ii regular s((\iare, with four l)aHtions
made up of earth ami aod-work ; tiie earth, a loose gravel or siiml, Hiihject to ilamagu
by every thaw, and to great hreache.s which happened by the fall of the walls
into the <litch till a nietho<l was found to revest the works with tini))er from the
bottom of the ditch to the friezes, eighteen feet, and above that with four feet of
.sod, the greatest part of which being done while <teneral Niciiolson was la.st here.
The houses and barracke where the otticers and soldiers lodge, with the storehouses
and magazines, are in a ruinous condition, and not like to stand three years without
thorough repair."
This description was written in 1716. Vetch, in 1715, was appointed
governor a second time (this time succeeding Nicholson whom he had
preceded), but iti 1716 Colonel Richard Phillipps was appointed Gov-
ernor-in-chief of the Province. It seems strange to us at this day that
no earnest attempt had been made to colonise Nova Scotia with English
settlers, as one of the first acts of the new governor was to advise such
a course, giving 't as his opinion that "Government should give all
encouragement to the settlement of British subjects here, as a means of
securing the fidelity of the concjuered French habitans." If this wise
advice had been followed, it would have entirely changed the complexion
of Acadian history from the time of the conquest. The expulsion of
1755 would not have been necessary, and an event that cannot be
regarded but as a sad one, nor justified by any plea but that of necessity,
68 HrsTf)RV OF ANNAPOIJH.
woiilil not have fKicurred tu lilot and rlisfi^ure its pagen ; nor would tho
advanceniont of tlie fountry and the dpv«'l<»piimnt. of its rnsourcr's liave
ht'en n'tiirdcd for nearly lialf a <"entiiry, as they manifestly were.
PhillippH ijiil not arrive at AnnapoliH till the sprin;; of 1720. He ha<l
piexiously irw»nimended that place for the seat of government, and
atikfd that means should \m provided him to make a survey of tlu^
adjacent coasts. On liis arrival he leviewed the garrison which he
found in a tolerably good condition, hut the fortifications were wretch-
edly out of repair. A few days after he was visited by the priest of
the settlements, who was accompanied by about one hundred and fifty
" lusty young men." This demimstration was probably intended to
impress the mind of the new governor with an idea of his impoit<ince ;
but he seems to have failed in Ids object, for he was ordered by Phillipps
to read to his followers and the other inhabitants assembled, a |)rocla-
mation which had been previously prepared anno'incing His Majesty's
intentions concerning them. Having produced a salutary effect by his
firmness, he proceeded to form a council to aid him in the a<l ministration
of the public affairs. This council, which was the first formed in this
province, consisted of the following persons, most of whom tofjk the
prescribed oaths on the 6th of May, 1720 : (1) John Doucet, lieutenant-
governor, captain in the 40th regiment ; (2) Lawrence Armstrong,
major in the 40th regiment ; (3) Paul Mascarene, major in the 40th
regiment ; (4) Rev. John Harrison, chaplain in the 40th regiment ;
(5) Oyprian Southack, sea-captain ; (6) Arthur Savage ; (7) Hibl)ert
Newton, collector of customs ; (8) William Shirreff" ; (9) Peter Boudre,
captain of the sloop Cluirlemont ; (10) John Adams, sworn in Maj- 9th,
and (1 1 ) Gillam Phillipps, who was not sworn in until the 16th of August.
Of these Mr. Doucet remained lieutenant-governor until his decease.
It was he who three years before sold his house and lot to Olivier (^i?f^
ante, p. 66). Arthur Savage was made naval officer of the port, and all
sea-captains were re(i|uired to report their vessels at his office on their
arrival or departure, as well as at the office of the collector of customs.
He was also the first provincial secretary of Nova Scotia, having been
chosen to fill that office immediately after the formation of the Council.
Hibbert Newtf)n was the first collector of customs appointed in the
Province. Very little is known of Mr. Adams, who was a native of
Massachusetts, to which province he retired, when infirm with age and
blind, to die. He was probably employed in trade from the time he
settled in the country.
During this year (1720) it was ordered that the French inhabitants on
the Annapolis River should elect from among themselves six deputies,
whose duty it should be to promulgate the orders and proclamations
of the Government, and to see that their directions v.ere carried into
JIISTOItY OK ANXAntMS. (59
«'xciiitiun. The iiiimcs of tUv tirst (Jnputit'H tlius choMt-n wore ; Al«x-
under liohichiiu, t'i'U(!ent Itobicliau, Nicholas Ouutift', iieriiard (loudet,
Cliailt's Landry and Pierre (Joudet. Phillipps then j^ave notice that
he would j^ive the inhahitunts /our inontliK in whicli to come in and
take tlie oath of allegiance to the king, at the end of wliich, if they
failed to comply, he informed them they would Iw recjuired to leave the
country and the property they possesHed would be confiscated. This
course was rendered imperative upon him by the royal instructions,
though he felt that he " had not sufficient power to drive tliem out of
the Province," or to prevent them from doing us they pleased in the
premises, mucli less to punish them for refusal or disobedience. Before
the expiration of the time named the priests had convinced their people
that it would lie the height of folly for them to take the oath required,
the chief argument used being that the pnmiise to grant the free exercise
of their religion was only a sham and a delusion. The proclamation
therefore became u dead letter ; the hahitans did not come in and take
the outh, but continued to make improvements on their lands as they
hod hitherto done, and in many other ways began to manifest contempt
for their new rulers. The Governor and Council now applied to Eng-
land to establish garrisons at Minas and at Chiegnecto, with a view to
compel respect for their authority, unfl suggested the propriety of send-
ing over a ship of war of fifty guns and u couple of sloops to be
employed as occasion might require.
The year 1721 was marked by the establishment of a Court of Judica-
ture at Annapolis. At a meeti ig of Council held on the tenth day of
April it was resolved, "That the (Jovernor and Council do sit as a
<»eneral Court or Court of Judicature four times a year," and they
appointed the first Tuesdays in February, May, August and November
for the sittings of the court.
Peter Boudre, one of the Council, who commanded the sloop Charle-
mont, was employed in conveying stores from the magazine in Annapolis
to the garrison which hud l>een established in Canso, and which had
been placed under the command of Armstrong. A vessel had been built
at Boston for the Nova Scotia Government which, when not otherwise
employed, was to be used in a survey of the southern and eastern coasts.
This vessel, sometimes known as the " provincial galley," was named the
William Augustus, and was ordered to convey the Governor to Canso in
August, which she did, arriving there in safety on the 5th of September.
On the 13th of the same month the schooner Hannah, William Souden,
master, with supplies for the garrison, was cast away at the Tuskets, and
became a total wreck, to the great regret of those for whom her cargo
was intended. On the 26th, the sloop of Captain Alden, who was a
trader between Boston, Annapolis and Minas, was placed in quarantine
70 HISTOHV OK ANNAPOUS.
f«»r feiir the intVction of Minall-pox might be on board, iih tlmt diHeiise wus
previih'iit ill the fmiiicr rity at the time of her leaving it. She lirought
a eargo of woollen and cotton giMnls, prolmbly for Winniett and other
inerchants then of Annapolis.
I traiiHcrilK' the following description of the town oh given by Major
.Mascarene in 1721, eleven years after the con(|ue8t :
" Two Ieiij<iie« iiliovf (ioiit Islanil iw tin- foi't, hii-iitetl nn a Nandy, riHiiiji; f;roun<l
on (lie Month hjiIc of tlif river, on a point fonni><l hy tlie Kritish ItiviT iind iinothcr
Hiiiiill oiif, ciillfil till' .Jenny River. Tile lower town lien iilong the tirst, aiul \h
t..)iniiiiiiiile<l by the fort. The ii|>|)er town stretchen in sciittering hoiiHes a mile
1111(1 a half south-<'H8t from the fort on tiie liHiiijf ground between the two riveiH.
From tiiis riKiiig ground to the hanks of eiieli river, and on the other Hide of the less
one lie large tints or meadows, etc. On both sides of the Hiitish River are a great
many tine farms, iiilial)ited by about two hundred families."
From the la.st statement here maile, allowing the families to average
five membeis each, the population outside the town w«>uld amount to «me
thousand souls, which wouUl be an increase in the country settlements of
over />>(/ jter cent, since the last census — a very respectable increase.
At a council held at Annapolis Royal on Tuesday, October 11th,
1720: Present; Ceneral Phillipps, the Hon. President (Armstrong),
Mascarene, Savage, Adams, Newton, Skene and Shirreff :
" A i.-oin))laint of the Honourable Lieutenant-Oovernor in writing, of the lOth
instant, to His Kxcellem^y, relating to his jmblie ordei'B for the Province, given out
l)efore the arrival here of His Kxeellency, was read and adviHed (m, On whieh Mr.
Wroth was .sent for before the Board and examined in relation to acme reflections
tliat were oust upon the Lieiitenant-lJovernor by giving out some of these orders,
who said that he had heard some words by William .Shirreff, Ksq., tending to that
purpose. . . . Mr. William Winniett, being in company at the same time when
the aforesaid reflections were cast, was sent for in before the Council, and asked by
the Honourable Lieutenant-tiovenior whether he luul any objecticms to make against
his administration while he had the honour thereof to be within the chair of the
Government ))efofe His Kxeellency "s arrival, who answered he had none. "
" Mr. William Winniett, desiring leave of His Excellency to go up the Bay of
Fundy with his sloop to trade. His Excellency declared he has leave, (|ualifying
himself a;coi-diiig to law." . . .
" It is also further resolveil, and ordered iiem. con.. That WiUiam Winniett,
haveing behaved himself before His Excellency and Council in an insolent, disre-
spectful, audacious, contemptuous and iindutiful manner, as is believed to be without
president (mc) or exam))ie, he shall be obliged to ask pardon, and make his humble
submission in writeing to His Excellency and Council acknowledging his offence in
the most submissive manner, and in particular to two of the meml)er8 of this His
Majesty's Council, viz.. Major Paul Mascarene and John Adams, Esq., having
reflected in the vilest manner on the character of the latter in council, and deliver
in the same, signed by himself, to His Excellency and Council to-morrow at the
hour of twelve, who vil' then sit at the place aforesaid. And that the said William
Winniett Ijc served f b' . <Liy with the copy of this Order in Council.
" (Signe<l), Richard Phillipps."
MISTOKV (»r ANN'AIOMS. 71
Whiitover may hav(^ heoii tlif causf of Wiiuiiftt's coiuluct toward the
Council on this occasion, anti csiwcially to MancanMU' ami Adams, it had
no inMiD'ncff to prevent the future j,'ooil of'iccs and friendship of thr
estimable Mascarene toward Mr. Winniett's family after his deconso —
nor, in fact, to himself lonj^ hcfore that event occurred, for the reconis
«»f the same Council show that within six montlis after the occurrence of
this event it employed him in the discharj;e of duties involvinj^ deli<'ate
handlinj; and oidy to lie entrusted to a person of loyal sentiments. Ft
is more than proliiil)le that some hasty expressions escaped him in rela-
tion to .some order of the C<iuncil touching the manner in which the
trade with AFinas should he conducted, and which he thought interfered
with his interests in that place.
Karly in 1722, the collector of customs, Newton, and a son of Councillor
Adams WHrc made prisoners hy a hody of hostile Indians in Passama-
ijuoddy Hay, while on their way home to Ainiapolis from Boston, where
if. is probable thriy had spent the previous winter. They were passen-
gers in a vessel owned and commanded by Captain Blinn, a New England
trader, and had gone on shore with a party for water, when they were
ambushed and seized. They were, however, shortly afterwards ransomed
and returned to Annapolis. The Indians were very active in their
hostility to the English colonists during this year. They captured several
vessels, among them one which had been despatched by the Government
from Canao with supplies to the ganison at head»iuart«rs. Flushed
with their success, and believing the fort would be without food for
its defenders, they contemplated a blockade of it, and lioped to be able
to reduce it by famine ; l)ut their scheme was happily frustrated by
the timely arrival of succours in fo<xl and other materials necessary to
sustenance and defence. Soon afterwarris Lieutenant-Governor Doucet
succeeded in making captives of about twenty of their number who
had encamped in the neighbourhood with the hope of soon being able to
carry out their wicked designs. This event tended to intimidate them
and their associates, and soon all danger from that quarter disappeared,
to the great relief of the garrison and inhabitants. The Governor-in-
chief, Phillipps, returned to England in the autumn of this year, leaving
the administration of affairs in the hands of Mr. Doucet.
Among the officers stationed in Annapolis in 1 720 was a lieutenant,
John .Teplison, and Phillipps, in a letter to Major Armstrong, then
commanding at Oanso, and bearing date October 24th, speaks of him
as "having a large family of small children in a starving condition,"
and odds that " his subsistence is engaged for the payment of debts,"
and that he has not sufficient officers to try him by court-martial, but
gives permission for him and his family to be removed to Canso, on
condition that he should be sent back to Annapolis for trial whenever
such a demand should be made.
72 msTonv nv anna poms.
(youiioillor AilaniH wiih nt tliiH time the owner of a v<>sh(>I which wuh
«Mii|>loye<i in thtt Ksht'ry at Ciinno, iinil Mr. Winnit'tt wiih alMiut tht* nanw
tiino ^^^•nt to that place to appraisn thf \alm! of the; stort's thorc.
Major Ali'xamlcr l,'o.sl)y succeeded Armstrong in the (M>nnnan<i at
Ganso in 1723. Tlii.s genthMuun was the nonin-hiw of Winniett, whose
ehlest daught(>r, Anne, lie had .shortly Itefore married. Phillipps stated
in a report to the Hoard of Tradi> and Plantations this year tliat the
garrison consisted of tive companies, comprising in all two huntlred men,
exclusive of ottieers ; that there were alxjut a dozen families of KngliHh
who lived under cover of the fort in a suburb having no foreigners
in it. and that the fort itself had gone much to decay, a considerable
portion of tlu' work having tumbled down.
In 1 724 an attack was made upon the town by u party of fifty or
sixty Indians, one-half of whom are .said to have been Malicetes from
the north shores of the Bay of Fundy. They shot and scalped a
sergeant, McNeil, of the garrison, and killed a private .soldier, besides
wounding an officer and several men. These events took place in a
.sally made by the garrison against the besiegers, who successfully
repulsed the attack, forcing the troops back into the fort. Having
burnt a dwelling-house belonging to an Englishman and killed the
sheep of the people in the vicinity, they suddenly disappeared, carrying
away with them several captives, among whom were two men, a woman
and two children belonging to the garrison. These were ransomed soon
ofterwards and returned to their home. Lieutenant-Governor Doucet,
in order to avenge the death of McNeil, ordennl an Indian prisoner to
be put to death on the same spot where the sergeant had been killed.
He wos shot and scalped. On this affair, Murdoch very properly says :
" The execution of the hostuKe of prisoner I eunnot but regard as a lilot on
the fair fame of our people ; 'vhile great allowiiiice should )>e iiiatle for the feeliiig.s
of the English, exasperated as they doul)tless were ))y the barbarous cruelties
exercised on tlieir countrymen in New England and Nova Scotia, and the treachery
they found at work everywhere. However this execution may Imj palliated, I .see
no grounds on which in any way it can be justified."
A clerical scandal occurred at Annapolis in September, 1724, which
may be best stated in the words of a minute of Council made on the
22nd of that month :
"The Board unanimously agree, that whereas it appears that the Revd. Mr.
Robert Cuthbert hath obstinately persisted in keeping company with Margaret
Douglass, contrary to all reproofs and admonitions of Alexaiuler Douglass, her
husband, and contrary to his own promises and the good advice of His Honour the
Lieutenant-Governor ;
" That he, the said Mr. Robert Cuthbert, should be kept in the garri.son without
port liberty ; and that his scandalous affair and the satisfaction demanded by the
HISToKV <iK ANXAI'OhlS. 73
injiii'i-il IiiihI)hiiiI Ik- triiriNiiiiiti'il in uiili'i- to he ili'tcrniiiift) at lioiiic, iii'l tliut tlic
lloiiitiirulilt' liii'iitfiiuiit-Ciiivci'iiiii' iiia\ wi'ilt! tnr uiiotlici' iiiiiiiHtt'r in Iiih plcii <-.
"Then till' K<tv(l. Mr. CiithlKH't, IioIiik Merit f(ir to givt- IiIm reiiHoiiH fur Hti>|>|iiiiK
Alpxiiiiili'r Dmij^luMs' gfHHJH, etc., UN In ri-prcscntfil in Mitiil Doii^likHH' petition, wlio,
liiiviii^ ionic iinil Ix'iiiK UMkcil, imiiiIc iiiinmci', * No,' that he did not ; lie niight have
tliciii when he liked, luid that he did not iiixiNt upon anything from him, liiN wife,
or child. "
Mr. {'utlibeit WII.S the succi'.sHur of Mr. Harrison us cliiiplain t<i the
^{ui'riNon. Kurly in 172'! lit> caine aii<l took posse.s.sioii of a lioUHtt in the
htwer town, l)elonji;in;,' to Samuel Doiij^iasN,* allejjinn that it w»h cliurch
})roperty. Dougla,SH liad hought it ir» 1715 from Lieutenant Jeph.son,
will, became its owner hy purchase from (Jovernor Vetch. The mutter
.vas referred to the Council, who gave DoughiHs leave to remove it.
Armstrong, who had l)een in England from the time he was relievinl
by Cosby in the command of the garrison at Canso, was made Lieutenant-
Governor of the Province in 1725. He did not come to Annapolis,
however, until 1726, though he arrived at Canso early in the following
year. Sotm after his arrival he summoned the Councillors, Mascarene,
Newton, Skene and ShirreH' to meet him at that place. This year
witnessed the first e.\pre,ssion of opinion in favour of constituting a
House of Assembly to assist in making laws for the government of the
colony. Mr. Armstrong thought that an assembly to consist of twenty
memliers should l)e elected for this purpose, and asserted his belief that
otherwise it would be impo.ss'ble to govern it satisfactorily. There
were at this period forty-nine English families settled in Canso — being
the largest English settlement in the country. They were chiefly
engaged in the fisheries, and were generally in a prosperous condition.
Shortly before his arrival at Annapolis, in 1726, he wrote to the
Hoard of Trade, that without a speedy and thorough repair the garrison
of the capital would be " without lodgments, provisions or defence."
On the 15th of June an interesting occurrence took place in the town
in the form of the ratification of a treaty with the Indians. At the flag
bastion of the fort Mr. Doucet^in the place of Armstrong, who had
not yet reached headquarters — met the Indians and French deputies,
where the text of the treaty was read first in English and then by
sworn interpreters to the parties concerned. Prudent Robichau and
Abraham Bourg being the interpreters employed. The Indians having
assented to the terms, the articles were duly signed, atter which an
♦entertainment was given and presents distributed to the chiefs and
their hostages released. The IJoard of Trade were afterwards informed
by Mr. Doucet that the treaty had cost him about three hundred pounds
* This gentleman was twice married, and the stone erected over his first wife's
grave is tne oldest grave monument existing in the Dominion.
74 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
in presents and feasting, a fact which seems to indicate that feasting
was not furnished by niggardly hands, or that the presents lacked
substantial value. Captain Doucet did not long survive this event,
having died in the fort on the 19th of November. He was buried in
the graveyard near the scene of his death, but no memorial exists to
indicate the spot where his remains rest.
In the December of 1725, three Frenchmen, named respectively Paul
Francis du Pont de Villieu, Saint Joly de Pardeithau, and Alexandre
Poupart de Barbour, came to Annapolis from Quebec and applied to
Governor Doucet for protection against the Indians, alleging that they
had killed two of them whom they had employed as guides to pilot
thenj hither, and whom they had liberally paid for the service. Having
detected them in an attempt to deceive them a ((uarrel had em ued, and
that they had lieen killed in the scuffle which then took place. Doucet
had them separately examined touching this story, and found each to
state the same particulars concerning it, upon which the Council advised
that they should be kept in custody until the truth or falsity of their
statements could be confirmed, a course which the Frenchmen themselves
suggested, as they feared to live with the inhabitants or to make the
attempt to leave the Province, lest their act being known, they should
become the victims of their revenge. They were kept in custody until
the 12th of May following (1726) when Winniett, in a letter from
Minas, confirmed the tale of these strangers, and the Council resolved
it would be cruel to detain them any longer, and therefore found them
a passage in a vessel bound to Boston, from whence they could obtain
the means of conveyance to their own country.
On tue 17th of December, 1726, Armstrong arrived ^,t the Govern-
ment House in Annapolis. He at once summoned the Council and
produced his commission as lieutenant-governor, and a copy of that of
the Governor-in-chief (Phillipps), and of the royal instructions. The
French deputies who had also been summoned for the occasion, were
shown a copy of the oath of allegiance which the inhabitants would be
required to take if they would retain their possessions in the colony,
and they were given till the 25th of the month to return an answer
from their constituents as to whether they would comply with the
wishes of the Government or not. As this council was held on the 21st,
only four days were allowed them to make the required reply. On the
day appointed, however, they assembled at the "flag bastion" in the
fort, and a translation of the oath into French having been read to them,
the deputies requested that a clause should be inserted exempting them
from bearing arms, and some words to that eflfect having been uyritten
on the margin they took the oath, and "having drank His Majesty's
health, and several other loyal healths," they bade the Governor "good
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 76
night " and departed to their homes. A little after this time Captain
Joseph Bennett and Ensign Erasmus James Phillips, of the garrison,
were sent to Minas to administer the same oath to the people of that
place. Owing to the prevalence of unfavourable weather they failed to
reach the settlements there, and the matter was postponed to a future
day.
Lieutenant Millidge, an officer of the Board of Ordnance, was directed
to place pickets around the fort for security against an apprehended
attack on it by the Indians later in the year; "it being impossible," in
the opinion of Armstrong, " to repair the breaches in the walls this
winter."
It was in this year also that a council was held in the house of
John Adams to consider a complaint made by Governor Armstrong
against Robert Nicholes, his servant, for an assault upon him made at
Canso, nearly a year b jre. He was found guilty and sentenced as
follows :
"You, Robert Nicholes, Iwing found guilty of the crime wherewith tliou art
charged by the Honourahle Lawrence Armstrong, Lieutenant-CJovei'nor and Com-
mander-in-chief of this His Majesty's Province of Nova .Scotia, the punishment
therefor inflicted on thee is to sit upon a gallows three days, half an hour each day,
with a rope about thy neck and a paper on your breast whereon shall be wrote in
capital letters AuPACiotns Villain ; and afterw-ards thou art to be whipped at a
cart's tail from the prison to the uppermost house on the cape, and from thence
back again to the prison house, receiving each hundred paces five stripes upon your
bare back with a cat-o'-nine-taila, and then thou art to be turned over for a
soldier."*
As the distance • to be walked was not less than half a mile, this poor
wretch must have received as many as ninety lashes before he suffered
the crowning penalty of his offence — that of being turned over an a
soldier !
Charles Latour, who had retired to Louisburg soon after the conquest,
visited his old home — the scene of his childhood — in the autumn of
1726, with his vessel, which he got permission to lay up for the winter.
He also obtained leave to remain till the next spring. He had been sent
by St. Ovide, the Governor of Cape Breton — or Isle Royale, as it was
then called— to purchase certain provisions and goods which were required
for the officers there.
The first formal commission of the peace for this province seems to
have been issued in March, 1727 — a hundred and seventy years ago
— when Adams, Skene and Shirreff wens appointed justices of the peace
to form a civil court, their judgments to be reported to the Lieutenant-
Governor for confirmation. Francis Richard, a habitant, was made high
constable, or sheriff, on the 6th of April (1727), and on the same day
*See Minutes of Council in MS., Archives, 1726-27.
76 HISTORY OK AXXAPOLIS.
Prudent Robichau was iriide a justice of the peace and Reiu' Maitin, con-
stable. In this year Lieutenant Otho Hamilton took the place of William
ohirreff, as secretary to the Council, the latter havinjij sent in his resigna-
tion of that office. A dispute antse at tiiis time between tlie Lieutenant-
(jrovernor and Messieurs Winniett, Bliun and Bissel, who were the chief
traders or n >rchants of the town, and the subject having been brought
before the Council, Blinn was proved to have used dli. >. spectf ul language
to Armstrong, and it was ordered that "the aforesaid Blinn be com-
mitted to prison for said offence."
Edward How's vessel was chartered by the Government to visit the
French settlements with a view to administer the oath of allegiance to
those of the people who had not yet taken it. Ensign Wroth, adjutant
of Phillipps' regiment — the 40th — was sent in her to Minas to thii^ end.
This is the first mention made of Mr How, who afterwards acted so con-
spicuous a part in Nova Scotia affairs.
At the close of the previous year there we-e but three members of the
Council residing at Annapolis, in consequence of which, and in order to
secure a quorum, the following gentlemen were sworn in on the 13th
of May at the house of Mr. Adams, namely, Capt. Joseph Bennett,
Capt. Christopher Aldridge, Major Alexander Cosby and Capt. John
Blower, all of the regiment stationed in tlie capital. Of these. Major
Cosby, having received a commission constituting him " Lieutenant-
Oovernor of the town and fort of Annapolis," wis not sworn in until the
30tli of October, 17!.' 7. He was, as we ha\e before said, a son-in-law of
Winniett, and from this time Armstrong regarded him with jealousy and
distrust.
The Governor-in-chief, Phillipps, paid a visit to the Province in 1729,
having arrived at Canso in June, and at the seat of his Government on
the 20th of November. One of the objects of his visit was to endeavour
to reconcile diflferences and disputes which had for some time distracted
the community, including tiie members of Council and the Lieutenant-
Governor, and he had the satisfaction to find his efforts attended with
considerable success. The following extracts from a letter of Armstrong
addressed to the Board of Trade in June, 1728, will explain the nature
of some of these distractions. He complains against Breslay, the cure,
whom he accuses of " usurping to himself the authority of a judge in
civil matters," and charges Cosby with having " sympathized with and
defended him in his insolence." He complains also of Cosby having
acted violently towards Mr. Maugeant, "a French gentleman who had
been employed to read and translate a Government proclamation to the
habitans," and adds that " his insulting conduct had its motive in dislike
to himself." He concludes by informing the Board that " it is impossible
Hif Majesty's service can be advanced or promoted while he remains in
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 77
the station he is in, for the Province will be rent and torn by parties and
factions."
Phillipps met with a joyful reception on his arrival at Annapolis, and
was specially welcomed by the French. His first official act was to
appoint Major Henry Cope to a seat in the Council. Two others were
needed, and on the next day he selected Mr. Winniett to fill one of these
vacancies. He calls Winniett " the most considerable merchant and one
of the first British inhalntants of this place and eminent in his zeal for
H. M. service." Before his presence much of the discoi-ds and jealousies
which had previously existed faded f»ut of sight, and general joy and
satisfaction appear to have prevailed among the people.
The first Surveyor-General appointed for this province was David
Dunbar, in 1730. On the 18th of May, in that year. Major Cosby was
made President of the Council, anfl a new provincial seal was sent out to
the (Governor. Captain Bissel was ordered to call, with his vessel, at
Pemiquid, on his return from Boston, to bring Dunbar to Annapolis
where he was to make arrangements to commence a survey of the lands
in the neighbourhood of that place. Erasmus James Phillips, of the 40th
regiment, w^as sworn in as a member of the Council, at the request of the
Governor, on the 7th of December, and a proclamation was issued on the
24th calling upon the Acadians to bring in their deeds, leases and grants
to the Secretary's office by the end of February ensuing, in v>rder to receive
new grants under the great seal of the Province.
Mr. Armstrong, who had visited England after Phillipps had per-
sonally resumed the government, returned in 1731, arriving at Annapolis
in July, and was the bearer of orders for the return of the Governor,
who, in a letter to the Duke of Newcastle on that occasion, expressed
his fears that things would not prosper in Nova Scotia under the
administration of his lieutenant, Mr. Armstrong, whom he seems to have
regarded as an enemy. On August 27th, 1731, Phillipps left the Pro-
vince never to return, though he continued to hold the place and take the
pay of Governor-in-chief for several years thereafter. From this time to
that of his melancholy death, in 1739, Mr. Armstrong found his position
as administrator of the public affairs to be anything but an enviable one.
The councillors soon became divided on questions of precedency, and the
French inhabitants, who appear to have ahvays distrusted and disliked
him, continued to oppose and thwart his wishes as often as circum-
stances gave them opportunity ; while he, on his part, seems to have
regarded them with much ill-will. He frequently speaks of them in his
despatches as " perfidious," " headstrong," " obstinate " and "conceited,"
and suggests to the Board of Trade that an Assembly appeared to be the
only cure for existing troubles.
In 1731, several small grants of land were made at Annapolis. One
78 HrSTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS.
of these, of a small piece on the water side near the fort, where a limekiln
stocxl, was to John Dyson, "sergeant and storekeeper"; another to Ensign
Handfield (whose name, long honourable and conspicuous in the affairs
of Annapolis, was here for the first time mentioned) of a " piott of ground
l)ehind his house "—a piece of land that was claimed Ijy the heirs of Sir
Charles Hohhj' and others ; and another, of eight aci*,s on the Cape
lload, to Paul Mascarene, who, having obtained leave to visit Boston,
had his place in the Council filled by the appointment of Lieutenant Otho
Hamilton. The name of Edward Amhurst appears as one of the
witnesses to the subscription of the oath of allegiance of 1730. This
gentleman's daughter afterwards became the grandmother of Sir W. F.
Williams, of Ivars. Mr. Amhurst was an ofticer in Phillipps' regiment.
The quarrels and litigations among the French people kept the
Council, as a Court of Judicature, busy during a great part of 1732.
During this year, Mr. Winniett, one of the Council, was freijuently out
of the Province on private business. Cosby, his son-in-law, the President
of the Council, had withdrawn his attendance, and Phillipps was employed
elsewhere ; the Council, therefore, virtually consisted of Mascarene,
Adams, Skene, Shirreffand Hamilton.
Armstrong, in one of his letters of this year, speaks of the death of
Charles Latour, and his leaving issue in Annapolis. He also says that
Alexander Le Borgne, son of Madame Bellisle, had married an Indian
woman, and lived among the tribe. About this time the authorities at
Annapolis published, in the New England newspapers, an advertisement
offering grants of land in this province, in fee simple, to all Protestant
settlers who might come from those colonies ; but it does not appear that
it had any effect in augmenting the settlement of the country.
In September new deputies were chosen, in the persons of Prudent
Robichau, Nicholas Gautier, Alexander Hebert, Joseph Bourgeois, Peter
Lanoue, Claude Girard, William Blanchard and Prudent Robichau, jun.,
and the 11th of October in each yeai" was fixed for their election there-
after. George Mitchell, a surveyor — a deputy of Dunbar — who arrived
at Annapolis at this time, was directed to make a survey of the lands
surrounding the basin.
The dispute between Mascarene and Cosby as to precedence at the
Council Board was settled by the direction of the Lords of Trade, who
declared that seniority should be the principle followed — the senior
councillor to act on all occasions as president, and to be administrator in
the absence of the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor. The same
authority forbade the appointment of the French inliabitants to be
Justices of the Peace, as they, being Romanists, could not take the
required oaths.
St. Ponce was accepted as officiating priest for the settlers on the
HLSTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 79
Annapolis River, and under Iuh advice, his parishioners were induced to
petition the Government for permission to remove their church from the
town " to the midst of their settlements up the river." This request was
refused, on the j^jround that the church had been removed to Annapolis on
account of " a massacre contrived by the priest Charlemagne, and Felix
of Minas, and some of the people, to be perpetrated by the Indians."
Armstron}; tells them : " There are none of you but know how barbarously
.some of His Majesty's subjects were murdered mid tvonnded by these
unthinking and infatuated people." In order to revenge themselves
for this decided refusal of compliance with their wishes, the inhabitants
raised the prices of all articles which they usually furnished for the use
of the garrison.
Further grants of land were made at this time. Samuel Douglass
received a grant covering a piece of land which reached from the street
now called St. (Jeorge eastwardly to William Street, and lying between
the lands of Adams and James Horlock in the lower town. I think
this lot could be now identified from the measures stated in the grant,
which were 230 feet from St. George (Dauphin) Street to William; and as
these streets are not parallel, and still occupy the sites they did then, that
line could be determined. Its breadth was 120 feet on St. George Street,
In a grant to James Horlock, we find mentioned " Frederick Street, for-
merly called St. Anthony Street." John Hanshole and Francis Wetherby
also received grants of lots in the same neighbourhood. Captain John
Jephson had two acres and upwards granted to him, which were near
the hospital. Charles Vane received a grant of nearly five acres, bounded
as follows : " On the north-west side, by the road leading to the cape,
and running along by said road from the churchyard to a garden formerly
belonging to M. de Falais, at present in the possession of Major Alex-
ander Cosby, as Lieutenant-Governor of the fort ; and along by said
garden from the road S.S. W. to the swamp or marsh, and from thence, or
the foot of Captain John Jephson's garden, along the said marsh N.W.
to the glassee (glacis); and from thence along the S.E. side of the
churchyard N., and by E. to the aforesaid road." This piece of land had
been sold years before by Margaret and Anne Latour to John Adams,
and now by him to Vane, and is easily identified by the given bounds
to he the land on which the present court-house, Wesleyan chapel and
manse, and the residence of the Rev. J. J. Ritchie* now stand. The
Rev. Mr. Harrison obtained a grant of about five acres in the lower
town, for a glebe. This piece of land is that adjoining the railway
station on the north-east. Another grant was made of a lot of four
acres, in the upper town, to one William Haw, a tayleur, who, in 1733,
* Now (1897) owned and occupied by Rev. H. How.— [Ed.]
80 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
having been charged with selling liquor, contrary to an ordinance of the
Council, in a fit of chagrin returned his patent, declaring that he would
not stay in the country, and his grant was canc»'lled.
It was also in 1732 that the case of Joseph Jennings against William
Winniett was tried before the Council, Winniett absenting himself from
his seat at the Board during the trial. Jennings appears to have been
living in Annapolis since 1711, and the house which was the subject of
dispute, was said to have been bought by him from Cahouet in that
year. It was proved before the Council that the plaintiff had " Iwught,
paid for, and improved the premises, by building a useful and expensive
wharf." Winniett was, therefore, forced to give up possession, and to
pay the costs. A lawyer named Ross lived in the town at this period,
and was Jennings' attorney. Winniett was displeased at the decision,
and incurred the censure of the Council for some language used by him
in relation to it.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER V.
By the Eilitor.
An admirable account of Samuel Vetch, the first English Goveinor,
from the able and erudite pen of Rev. George Patterson, D.D.,
appears in Vol. IV., Nova Scotia Historical Society Collection, 1884.
He was not only able as a military commander and adviser, but as a
civil governor, and entitled to rank with Mascarene as the wisest and
most worthy of our colonial governors during the first fifty or sixty
years of British occupancy. He assumed, by royal instructions, the office
of Governor of the fort and country, on its surrender to Nicholson, who
on the 28th of the same month left him in command of the garrison.
The Indians were not only troublesome in open war, but threatened,
interfered with, and harassed the French when they undertook to supply
wood and necessaries to the fort. The French showed a disposition to
become reconciled to the English rule under his administration. Against
the Indians he, with the aid of his brother-in-law, Major Livingstone,
of New York, recruited a company of one hundred of the Iroquois
Indians, and sent them to Annapolis, where their services were very
valuable in many ways. He reported them as "of wonderful use,"
and " worth three times the number of white men." With their labour
he built a fort, afterwards known as the Mohawk Fort, which is described
as " about a quarter of a mile from the grand fort," and " a long square,
composed of a dry stone wall of a reasonable thickness about six feet
high, heaped with sods, with a ditch before it about four feet deep, and
between five and six feet high, having at each angle the form of a
bastion, except toward the river, where it is in a direct line having a
breast-work or parapet of sods, with embrasure for a cannon, capable to
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 81
be made use of for a battery and commands the river very well there-
abouts." He says, "It may prove of very great service to those of Her
Majesty's subjects who inhabit the town betwixt the two forts, as well as
a barrier betwixt tliis fort and the enemy upon that side, and more
particularly by more immediately commanding the passage up the river,
and the preventing the carrying up of ammunition and artillery above
the fort as was practised at the reduction of the place." It was prol»
ably at this fort, near tlie Acadia S. S. Co. pier, that the block-house
stood which in 1749 was taken down and removed to Minas. Vetch
involved himself in irretrievable debt in the support of his garrison and
in carrying out his designs in the interests of the nation, while the
British Government neglected to pay his bills, and left him and his
garrison in a most distressed state. Meanwhile, Nicholson, whom he
trusted as a friend, was treacherously undertnining his influence with
the authorities in London, and in 1714 succeeded in superseding him in
the government of the Province, but himself spent but little time in it,
and that to its disadvantage. To vindicate himself and his administra-
tion Vetch repairefJ to London^ and was restored to the governorship,
which he held for nearly two years, until the appointment of Phillipps
in 1717, but probably did not return to Nova Scotia, the lieutenant-
governors discharging the functions in the absence of their suj)eriors.
The saddest thing of all to relate about him is that, financially ruined
in the service of the country, and neglected by the svdministration who
continually promised him a position which would afford a competency,
he died in a debtor's prison, April 30th, 1732. He planned an expedi-
tion for the reduction of Quebec in 1711, which would have been assuredly
successful had it not been for the gross ignorance and incompetency of
the English Admiral. Had he remained Governor at Annapolis, as he
would have been but for the intrigues of Nicholson, and been properly
supported at home, the subsequent difliculties with the Acadians would
probably not have occurred and Nova Scotia would have been spared a
dark page in her history. His daughter Alida, born Christmas Day,
1701, married Samuel Bayard, of New York, and was the mother of
William Bayard, the father of Samuel Vetch Bayard, of Wilmot, to be
hereafter mentioned. (Jovernor Vetch was through her an ancestor of
the celebrated Bayard family of St. John, N. B.
CHAPTER VI.
1732-1742.
AaicUaiiH troublcttonie — Petty crimes in tlie town — Polico estiibliHlied — Armstrong's
hostility to Winniett— Ho (liscusses the claim of Latoiir's family — Mrs. Buck-
ler's strange story — (Jrunt of township of Norwich— fSuicide of Armstrong —
Mascarene returns — Cold and scarcity — Death of Winniett and MaHcarene.
THE years which intervene between the date of the events just
related and the year 1755, are filled with incidents of consider-
able historical interest, and reveal many facts which, when dispassion-
ately considered, constrain us to modify our opinions regarding the super-
e.vcellence of the character of the Acadiaiis. The alleged entire and
ready obedience to their rulers, their freedom from disputes, controversies
and litigations, and the absence of crime in their communities, become
extremely doubtful if not entirely mythical statements when illustrated
by an appeal to facts. The Abbe Raynal's description of their habits
and characteristics generally has long been received as true and adopted
as a faithful picture ; but it would seem that his estimate was formed
from insufficient data or from incorrect information, for the -cords of
the Council abound with memoranda of their quarrels and disagree-
ments in relation ti> their lands, their rights as neutrals and their
privileges as religionists. Even their domestic infelicities are sometimes
referred to the English authorities for a hearing and adjustment. In
fact, during the long period when their affairs were administered by their
own countrymen, it was their common custom to appeal from their
decisions to their superiors at Quebec, and that, too, at an expense
ruinous to their own and their families' interests.
In June, 1733, Goat Island —then called Armstrong's Island — was
granted to Charles Vane, who was at the time in the employ of the
Board of Ordnance. In the grant it is said to be near to a place called
the "Scotch Fort." It was for several years afterwards known as Vane's
Island. In this year, also, Alexander Le Borgne, Sieur de Bellisle,*
* This Le Borgne's mother was Maiie, a daughter of James Latour, one of the
co-seigneurs of Port Royai. His uncle Charles had retired to Isle Royale at the
time of the conquest ; but he remained in the country.
lllsmUY OF ANNATOMS. 83
came furwaril voluntarily and tixtk tlit> nath.s of alle^ianof^. He hiul
l)eeii married to an Indian woman, and had hitherto been inimical to
English rule. He H<H)n after asked to lie rentored to hin Heigniorial
rights, or those of his late father, and his petition was forwarded to the
Board of Trade, who refused to grant its prayer.
A ship from the Towor (London) freighted with cannon, anununition
and other ordnance stores, and clothing for the soldiery, arrived at
Annapolis on the 2l8t of Septemher of this year, and great rejoicings
attended the event. Armstrong in one of his despatches to the Ixirds of
Trade says :
"The ship from tlie Htmi'd of UnlimiK^e wliicli is to oarry homi' all tlie cunnun,
mortars, etc., hath much revived us; they having alno sent some artiKcers, with
directions to their storekeeper to put the j^arrison and outworks in repair, whieh
at present it wants nnieii. \V«' liave ever since the spring l)een eMiph)yed in
]>atehing and repairing the roofs and the foundations of the houses to prevent their
falling, and I hope that in a few years the wiuile garrison will he in a tolerahly
good condition ; and I heartily wish our storehouses ami magazines were likewise
ordered to lie made liomli-proof.''
An exact plan of British (Annapolis) River from surveys made by
Mitchell during the preceding year was forwarded to the Board of Trade
in November, with a recpiest that provision should be made for the
payment of the surveyor and his assistants for their services. This
demand was recommended as reasonable, as Mr. Mitchell had found it
necessar) to hire a Iniat and an interpreter, in addition to his usual
staff, in to prosecution of this work. In Decemlier, Prudent Kobichau
was com uissioned as " Receiver of Quitrents and Fines of Alienation,"
for the district of the hanlieue. About this time the Council sentenced
one Francis Raymond tii be " whipped at the cart's tail," at the block-
house, at the f'^rt gate, at the cape and at Mr. Gautier's ; and at each of
those places "to receive five stripes on his bare back with a cat-o'-nine-
tails;" and Francis Meuse "to receive forty stripes at the fort gate on
his bare 1 'k with a cat-o'-nine-tails." The former had been convicted
of theft, and the latter of having obstructed the highway by felling trees
across to prevent the garrison from receiving its necessary supplies of
fire- wood.*
Early in 1734, the Lieutenant-Governor, whose quarrel with Winniett
had not been healed, suspended that gentleman's functions as a member
of the Council, alleging as a reason his refusal to attend the meetings of
that body. In March he appointed John Hamilton, gentleman, to be
"naval officer" for the port of Annapolis. On the 10th of April the
officers of the garrison petitioned the Council for the use of a piece of
ground for a " bowling green," and their request was readily granted ;
the lot of land conceded was a portion of the White House Field, or
•Murdoch, Vol. II., Appendix, page 493.
84 HISTORY OK AXNAPOLI8.
(iovernor'H ^iinleii, and was probably that on a part of which the lat«^
Andrew HeiulerNon built the shop in which the poHt-ortice waH f«ir some
time kept.*
fn a coiiiniunioation to the Hoard of Trade, (hit«d AuguHt 3rd of
thiH year, Pliillipps, the (Jovernor-in-ehief, sayH of the ha/ntans of the
Anna{K)liM Valley that " they raise bf)tli corn and cattle on the marsh
lands that want no clearing; ; but have not in almost a century cleare«l
the ijuantity of three hundred acres of woodland." He also says they
are "a pest and incumbrance to the country, bein^ proud, lazy, obstinate
and untractable, unskilful in their methcxls of a;,'riculture, and disafiected
to the (lovernment." Their " beinj; lUinian Catholics," he alle^'es, puts
their disaffection "beyond all doubt, ' and he proves their bad husban<lry
by a statement so incredible that it seems to have l)een the result of
prejudice and false information — -that w\wii the manure near their barns
becomes too troublesome, "they, instead of laying it f»n their lands, j;et
rid of it by removing their harnti to another sjtot !" His reports, like thase
of Arnistronj,', are very unfavourable to the Acadians.
In Auf,'ust, 17:U, Mary Davis made complaint before the Council that
Jane Picot, the wife of Louis Thibald, had falsely accused her of ha\ inj,'
murdered her two children, and after a patient and full investigation of
the charge, they declared the report to be " a vile, malicious, groundless
and scandalous " one, and ordered by way of punishment that the said
"Jeanne Picot be ducked on Saturday next, the 10th instant, at high-
water." She was also recjuired, with her witness, Cecil Thompson, to be
bound over to pre\eiit the recurrence of such slandei-ous reports. The
generous-hearted complainant, however, shocked at the severity of the
sentence, applied to the Council to change it by requiring the defendant
to ask her pardon publicly at the door of the church. To this the court
consented and the apology was given and received as a sufficient atonement.
Cecil Thompson, was, I think, the flaughter of James Thompson, a sergeant
in the 40th regiment, from whom, about this time, one Matthew Hurry had
stolen five pounds, for which theft he was sentenced to receive " fifty
lashes on his bare back and to return the money." So fre«iuent had petty
thefts and robberies become that in September, 1734, the Council author-
ized the establishment of a night police for the town's protection, the
members of which receivetl orders to fire on all those who refused to
answer after being three times challenged. This was the first police force
organized in Nova Scotia.
Mr. Adams, who had servetl as a member of the Council for fourteen
years, obtained leave of absence to visit England, with a view to obtain-
ing some remuneration for his long, loyal and faithful services. The
* Henderson's store and post-i -ffice were on or near the site of the brick building
bnilt by Aug. Harris and now owned by the Union Bank. — [Ed.]
HISTOUV MK ANNAI'OI.IN. 86
•
FidrdH of Trade, to whom (he HUHjMMiHiuii of Winiiiett had been referred,
dechired they were " imiihle to form any jud>,'ment on tliat matter, as the
charges made were imt suthcieiitl}' explicit to enable them to <lo so;"
hilt they reminded Armstrong tliut "a councillor sliould have full freedom
of (iohate and vote," and that " when tiiere were so few civil inhabitants "
he " should not too lightly part with one of them out of the Council."
To this, ArTistroi.g replied some months later as follows : " I am entirely
<»f opinion thit Lnere being so few British subjects ni tliis place that
they ought to be used with tenderness and not rigour upon every slight
occasion (which is contrary to my nature), but I hope your lordships
will agree that a vacancy is preferable to a deceitful meml>er, and that is
my reason why (for the good of His Majesty's subjects; I suspended
William Winniett, Esq., from his seat, upon information laid against
him, and his other disrespectful and contemptuous behaviour, not oidy in
Council, but likewise abroad, to the overthrow and prejudice of every-
thing proposed for the good of His Majesty's service." The causes,
whatever they may have been, or the difl'erences, whatever they were,
which resulted in the suspension of Mr. Winniett, were shortly after
this removefl or recom iled, for it is certain that he again took his seat
at the Board, and that the Lieutenant-Governor treated him with
marked consideration, and frequently spoke of him and his cimduct in
terms of approbation.
In November, Mr. Armstrong addressed a lengthy de.spatch to their
lordships of the Board of Trade, in which he discussed the claims of
certain of the T atour family to the seigniory of Annapolis or Port Royal.
The extreme length of this document, thougli it is full of interest,
prevents my giving it in extenso, but the reader will find both pleasure
and profit in the perusal of the subjoined extracts from its contents :
"I heartily thank your lordships foru copy of your re|)ort of Mrs. Cuniplxill's
petition, which, being sent for my guidance in relatiuii to the seigneurs and French
titles, I must beg leave to present your lordships — though I wish lier gootl success —
that she hath set forth in iter petition several things prejudicial to truth, and the
interests of her aunt and cousins, who have uU along remained in the Province, and
pretend to an equal share with her in these demesnes, which she claims. And
therefore, first, I think myself obliged to contradict her assertion (which, I suppose,
was intended only to move compassion) that her first husband, Lieutenant Broad
street, was killed by the Indians, it being so notoriously known that after a long,
lingering illness he died on his bed, I think in December, 1718, and that we had no
<listurbanceB from the Indians till the year 1722, and these orders which she mentions
were only given her in charity, as an officer's widov,-, during pleasure, and not as
any right she ever claimed, which it< well known in this place. And I must observe
to your lordships that Col>equid and Chiegnecto were allwise distinct from any claim
of the Latours, they being given by the French king to one Matthieu Martin, who
is but lately dead ; and as to the other I never heard that Monsieur Latour, or
any of his heirs, ever laid claim.
^*0 msniiiv ok annaim>i,ih,
" Hi'i iism'itiun tliiil liir Mcvciiil lircitIi>rH nni\ Hi«ti'r», lici <o lu-in nf thr UikIm
mill pretiiiHfH ill i|ii('Mtiiiii, rrtiiiiu'il Nom, iiftn- tin- piiltliciition nf lli>r lat<- MiijvNtv'H
letli'i-, into till- iifinlilMiniiii^j |>itiviiit«M iimlfr tlir <liiiiiiMi<iiii>f Krimic. and left Imi*
l»y I'diiVL'yuiK'c, milf pi'iipi jftor, Ih itliiiiiHt "f (!t|uul fiircii with tin- fdiiiii'i', for hIic
n««ver hail Imt niit' brotlii'i, ami JH'ii-liler HiMtc. :>iariii'il n Fivmli ii»H<it, ami rctirnl
with hiT I'ni'If Cliiiihtii iniiiKoliati'ly u|Miii tin- iiMliiitidii of thi- Proviiii'v ; aiul iii-r
Maid L'lich' Cliarlt-N I'oiiiiiiitd'd, or iiiulci' .imicd to coniinit, lioNtiliticH on iMHird
a privaU-er, upon Hix Ma jt-MtyV Huhjectn, from that tinio to the Treaty of Utrecht,
and luT yoniiKeNt xiHtfr is Mtill Iutc and iievei' retiivd from tlii' Pri)viri<'« ; and
licr hiotiicr ln'iiij,' at tliat time a iiiinoi, I hiitnlily Hiilnnit wlii'thcr any convcyani-c
froni Hiifli a pi'isiin can \h- of foici-, or a^ri'ealdu to the purport of Her MajeHtv't
aforeHaid letter.
" I only \m.'h leave to Nay that there enn he no sueii thing as a forfeiture in this
province, for all theme that did retire an in manner aforenaid hath ei|ual right to
diH|M)Heof their cHtaleH to Kueii of their friendu ami aci|UaintaneeH aa remained, which
will )>e a continual har to Hih Majeoty's HritiNli HultjectH. I must therefore olmerve
to your lorilxhipH that hei' claim liy conveyance from her hrother can Ik- of no force,
liecauHe he uiih then a minor ; and had he lieen of age could only dixpoMe of IiIh own
|mrt ; ho that, according to my conception of your lonlMhipH' opinion, she can only
be entitled to her own share aH a parcener,
" I can noways contradict her grandfather's patent letters from the French king
further than this, that I must remark to your lordships, that according to the heat
information I have met with here (having no other records of advice to apply to
than tradition), that during the life of the Mar(|uis D'Auney, he ( I^ituur) was
entitled l»y patent to that part of the Province, reaching westerly on St. .John's
Hiver, on the north side of the Bay of Kunily, and after Monsieur D'Auney's death.
Monsieur Latour having married his widow, he was through her interest absolvetl
from the crimes of mal-administration alleged against him liy her former husband,
who had been Viceroy of the Province, and his power was then enlarged, but l)eing
unable to answer His Majesty, the French king's intentions in settling of the Pro-
vince, he a])plied himself to one Le Borgne, iSieur ile Bellisle, for assistance, who
supplied him with money and other effects to a very great sum, in order to enable
him to prosecute his design, whereupon the said Sieui' le Borgne sent over his son
to seize and take care of his interest according to the agreement matle lietween
them two, and as things went cross with Monsieur Latour, he put the son in {losses-
sion of most, if not all his estate, as a security for the debt, which not lieing as yet
paid, the son's widow, one of the daughters of the sai<l LaUmr, by Madame
D'Auney, holds part of it to this day (1731).
"I must again by the same report observe to your lordships that Madame
D'Auney, after the death of her husband Latour, considering the low estate she
and her five children were reduced to, the estate Ijeing disposed of as aforesaid,
applied to the French king for relief. That it was ordered upon her petition that
Bellisle, as a valuable consideration of the money advanced should Ite seigneur and
receive the rents and profits for seven years, and that the siegneurial estate should
be divided share and share alike among her five children. This is asserted by
the ancient people in this place and is affirmed to \>e contained in a book calleil
"Arrets de Court," which I have not been able to get sight of.
" So my lords, supposing the conveyance from her brother and one of her sisters
*Mrs. Campbell (Agatha Latour) was a daughter of Jacques Latour, the eldest
son of Charles Amador Latour bj' Madame D Aulnay. Her mother was Anne
Melanson. Her first husband was Edmund Broadstreet.
HIHTOUY OF ANNAIMlLI.S. 87
in k<hm1, mIio cnn only, in my Imtiililo <>|iiniiiii, )«• ctititlcil to (•in<-fiftli part, mid
thoHc of till- other Itriimhim wlm arc now, iind iillwiMc Iihvd ri'niiiinfil in thi' rrovinct'
(thu ruinainilt>r). I niiiMt uIho with HuhiniHitioii to your lor<lMhi|m, in Hoinu ni<-iiHuri'
op|Mmu her uHHcrtiori of thu anioiint'4 of the n'ntH, for nn I imi intorincil IhoMc nl
MotiiiM ih> not amount to a k>'*'>iI*'I' ^'<iI<>d than thoMx ol tiiix rivrr, of uliich hiiviii^
mini yon an acconnt I iircsunif to refer to your lordMhips' iMinHiih'iation.
" L'|M)ii the whole, I hopt! your loi'ilHhipH will pardon my ficiMloni ; I am of
opinion that no ^overinneiit, .it that time, could give away to any porNon whatever,
that which wai then and allwise liiith lieen judged to lie HIm M.'i pro|H'rty, without
ii|N-eial direct ions from Mii* M.'h tinvernnu'nl, connnunii'iitud to the (.'ounoil for that
purpoHc. And furthei' I pruHiime to Mij,'nify to your hirdMhipH that uideHH mIu' In
limited in her demandN, your hoixiuralilu Hoaril will he eternally trouliled with eon.
tinual elainiH liy the other eoheiiH, her lieirN and couxiMH, who upon thou^^hts nf
retiring at the pultlication of ller latt^ MajeHty'H letter, made the aforesaid louNey-
aneeH, ami not hur lirother and Hixter upon which nhe foiindH liur claiinM, and as I
am informed only uonditionally." *
Tn another despiitcli, wiittcii this year, Armstrttu^ states of the Krciioh
inhabitants that they have dt'clined of neglected to laite out new giants
of their lands, and tliat " most of them iiave a mile of frontage and a
league in deptlj," being dimensions that would enclose 1,000 acres.
Hamuel Cottnam, ensign in the 40th regiment, was sent to Minus to
enforce the onliiiances of the Council regulating the customs, it havinj,'
Ijeen reported to the Board that much clandestine trade was being
carried on in that district. Ho received orders to .seize the ves.sels and
the traders engaged in it. John Hamilton (naval otKcer at Annapolitt)
and Peter Blinn were likewise empowered to make similar seizures. It
is {)robablo that Mr. Cottnam was an ancestor, in a maternal line, of
the late William Cottnam Tonge, who became in later years one of the
ablest debaters in the Assembly of Nova Scotia.
So great had l)ecome the desire of the French poptilation to annoy and
distress the garrison of the old capital that they refused to Ijring in wood
to supply it with fuel except at extravagant prices, and the Council were,
in consequence, compelled to fix a price which should l)e accepted by
them. The sum thus stated was about equal to fifty cents of our money
per cord. The Council, in its capacity of a Court of Judicature, '.leld a
session in Minas this year (1735). The causes tried \\&d their origin in
disputes among the Acadians in that settlemeiit, breaches of the customs,
ordinances, and other matters.
About this time, Captain Aldridge, 40th regiment, who litul been civil
and military commandant at Canso, was superseded by the appointment
of Major Paul Mascarene, of the same regiment, who was expected to be
— as, indeed, he proved to be — a more popular and successful administrator
of affairs than his predecessor had been, who from his arbitrary, and
*Mrs. Campbell's second husl>and — Ensign James Campbell ot the 40th resjinient
— died before her. She died at Killarney, in Ireland.
88 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Hoinetimud unjust, conduct, had Ijeen very unpopular. In December,
Guion, Doucet and Pino weie punished for <jftences committed by them ;
the first, for theft, was sentenced to receive fiftj' lashes from the mtiss-
house to the cape, and to serve Stephen Jones,* from whom he had
stolen, for thiee years " in recompense ; " the second was doomed to suffer
" twenty-five stripes at the cart-tail, and fined four-fold the value of the
goods stolen ; " and the last, who was a boy, was sentenced to restore
four times the value of what he had stolen, and " to whip the two other8."f
In June, 1736, a derelict vessel, the brigantine Baltimore, was brought
into Annapolis in charge of George Mitchell, the surveyor, and Monsieur
Oharles D'Entremont. She had been found in Jebogue harbour about
the beginning of the year, at which place eight dead bodies were dis-
covered on the shore, and a Mrs. Buckler among the Indians of that
district, who affirmed that she was the only survivor of those who had
embarked on the ship, and tliat she was the sole owner of it and the
cargo, and had been robbed of great " treasures in gold, silver and
merchandise," by the Indians. The mystery by which the affair was
surrounded caused considerable excitement in the communities on the
Annapolis River, and was never wholly explained. No treasures were
ever recovered from the Indians though every effort was made to that
end. Mrs. Buckler soon afterward found her way to Boston, where she
was lost sight of. Mr. Armstrong, in a letter addressed to the Duke of
Newcastle, dated Noveml)er 23rd, 1 736, speaks of this affair as follows :
"The brigantine Baltimore, of which I wrote to your Grace before, I
have now brought into this port ; and as to the person who called herself
Mrs. Buckler, I Ijave now sufiicient reasons not only to suspect her rela-
tion, but likewise herself. It is reported that the vessel aforesaid sailed
from Dublin last fall, witli about sixty or seventy passengers, most of
them convicts, who, it is supposed, rose upon the owner, Mr. Buckler, the
master, and company, and committed a most barbarous massacre, and
afterwards, not knowing their course, or afraid to enter into any place
where they might be known, put into a most unfrequented harbour in
this bay, where they all perished — God knows how — ^except that miserable
woman, who, perhaps, was too deeply involved in the guilt to discover
the true story of their misfortunes." %
In May, St. Ponce, the local priest, and another, named De Chevreaux,
having deported themselves in a very insolent way before the Council,
their functions were suspended, and they were ordered to leave the Pro-
. vince. A new chapel had been recently built " up the river," which is
said to have l)een better furnished than that in the capital. It is
*An English marine trader in the Bay of Fuiuly.
tRecords of Council for 1735.
IMurdooh, Vol. I., p. 318, in an appendix.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 89
probable that this chiimh was situated in Granville, not far from Bell-
isle.* Mr. Shirreff, secretary to the Council, having obtained l€«ve of
absence to visit England, Mr. Otho Hamilton was made secretary /wo
tern, in his place; and Edward How, t who was henceforth to act so
worthy a part in the ever; j of the next twenty years, was appointed a
member of the Board. He had for several years been employed as com-
missary of musters at Canso. The 40th (Phillipps') regiment at this time
consisted of nine companies, stationed in Annapolis, and one in Placentia,
in Newfoundland. Several changes took place in it this year. James
Harrison and George Ingram were made captains in it, and John Morris
was appointed Captain, vice Gledhill, who had been promoted and made
Governor of Placentia.
A grant of fifty thousand acres of land was passed in 1736, in August,
to the persons named hereunder. It was described in the patent by the
name of (the township of) " Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, in Nova
Scotia." This tract of land wa^s situated in or near Chiegnecto, in
what is now Cumberland County, and was escheated and revested in
the Crown in 1760. The grantees were Richard Phillipps, colonel
of the 40th regiment ; Lawrence Armstrong, lieutenant-governor, and
lieutenant-colonel in the same regiment ; John Adams, merchant and
member of the Council, a native of Massachusetts; William Shirrefif,t
a member of the Council and provincial secretary ; Henry Cope, a
member of the Council and major in the 40th regiment ; Erasmus James
Phillips, a member of the Council, a captain in the 40th regiment and
afterwards the first representative of the county in the Assembly ; Otho
Hamilton, a member of the Council and a lieutenant in the 40th
regiment ; Edward How, a member of the Council and commissary of
musters (afterwards murdered by the French or Indians at Fort Cum-
berland) ; King Gould, agent of Major-General Phillipps ; Alured Popple,
sometime secretary to the Board of Trade and afterwards Governor of
the Bermuda Islands, where he died ; Henry Popple, his son, or, perhaps,
bi-other ; Andrew Robinson, a captain in the foot-guards, one of the
heirs of Armstrong under his will ; Henry Daniel, a captain in the 40th
regiment ; John Handfield, a lieutenant in the 40th regiment, afterwards
a member of Council (he lived for forty years in Annapolis and was com-
mandant there at the period of the expulsion in 1755) ; Donald McQueen,
40th regiment ; Edward Arahurst, a lieutenant in the 40th regiment,
deputy surveyor under Colonel Dunbar, successor to George Mitchell,
and great-grandfather of General Willia->!^; Thomas Armstrong, 40th
* A tradition exists to that effect to this day; besides, if I mistake not, some
remains have been found indicating the fact.
f For full particulars of this gentleman's services, the reader is referred to the
article in the genealogical part of this work.
X Mr. Shirreff was a descendant of James, Marquis of Hamilton.
90 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
regiment ; Rowland Phillips (probably a brother of E. J. Phillips, perhaps
a son) ; James Gibson ; Charles Vane, an ensign in the 40th regiment,
grantee of Goat Island, and either a direct or collateral descendant of
Sir Hariy Vane of historical note; Samuel Cottnam, an officer in the
40th regiment ; John Hamilton, of the 40th regiment, probably a son of
Otho Hamilton ; John Slater, a captain in the 40th regiment (a sub-
scribing witness to Armstrong's will) ; John Dyson, a sergeant in the
40th regiment and storekeeper to the Board of Ordnance at Annapolis ;
George Mitchell, first deputy surveyor of lands under Dunbar ; William
Winniett, a member of the Council, then the leading merchant in the
Province ; Nathaniel Dounell, merchant of Boston, and long connected
with the trade of the Province ; Peter Blinn, a sea-captain and marine
trader in the liay of Fundy ; George Ci-addock, Robert Babin and John
Forrest.
A case of arson occurretl in Annapolis in 1737, being the first crime
of that name connnitted there. The Council had, under the royal
instructions, exercised the powers of a court of judicature in all cases
except capital felonies, in regai-d to which those instructions were silent.
They were, therefore, niable to bring the offender to trial. He w^as an
indentured servant of Lieutenant Amhurst, nd had maliciously set fire
to his master's dwelling house, which, with its contents, was entirely
destroyed.
A commission met this year at Hampton, in New Hampshire, to
defiue and settle the boundary line between that pr vince and Mas-
sachusetts. The commissioners were selected from Rhode Island and
Novi Scotia, of wh ;h the former furnished four and the latter three
members, nanipiy. Dr. William Skene, Erasmus James Phillips, and
Otho Hamilton. Major Alex. Cosby, who had recently succeeded Mr.
Mascarene in the command at Canso, arrested captains John Jephson and
Patrick Hf^ion of his regiment on some charges that do not clearly
appear, though they were tried by court-martial at Annapolis several
months afterwards and were acquitted. It was in this year also that
Mrs. Campbell (Agatha Latour), by indenture dated December 10th,
conveyed to King Gould, of London, her house in Annapolis. In this
document she styles herself as " of the City of Kilkenny, in the Kingdom
of Ireland, widow," and by it she conveyed all her " right, title, and
inie; est in and to one house and garden, together with all outhouses
thereunto belonging," for the sum of ten guineas. The site of this
dwelling was, probably, near the homestead of the Rev. Jas. J. Ritchie,*
Rector of Annapolis, as the land in that section of the town is known to
have belonged to the Latours.
In April, 1738, Armstrong, in a letter to Cosby, at Canso, tells him
* Now of Rev. Henry How.— [Ed.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 91
that the winter had been unusally mild and the sprinj^ was very early,
adding Mrs. Cosby was well, and that her father (Winniett) had sailed
a few da^ 8 before up the bay in one of his vessels. He concludes by
counselling unity among the otticers stationed there, in allusion, perliaps,
to the differences which had resulted in the arrest of Jephson and Heron,
who had not at the date of writing been brought to trial. In June
the Council addressed a letter to the 'lovernor-in-chief, Phillipps, who
still continued to live in England, in which, among other things, thej'
affirm that the establishment of civil government here was impossible,
as the inhabitants being Roman Catholics were not eligible to election as
representatives; that as they are permitted to hold the best lands, and
the Government demands two pence an acre (juitrent on other lands,
settlement is greatly retarded, if not completely prevented, especially as
immigrants into the other colonies can obtain lands free from quitrents ;
that the military force in the Province should be augmented in order to
enable them to gain control over the French settlements at the head of
the bay; and they alleged that members of Council have of necessity to be
selected from the officers of the garrison as there are no other British
subjects (fit) to choose from ; and they conclude by stating that they
had never had fee or reward for their services as councillors, and had
ever discharged their duties to the best of their ability, "with a due
regard to the liberty of the subject and the peace and well-being of the
Province."
Grants of lots of marsh lands on Allain's River — now Lequille —
were made to Erasmus James Phillips, to Captain Heron and to Otho
Hamilton ; and Bear (Imbert) Island was patented on the 10th of
November to Captain Henry Daniel. This island contained twenty-five
and one-quarter acres and one rood, as shown by a survey made by
Lieutenant Amhurst.
In 1739 ]\Ir. Armstrong sent an officer of the garrison. Captain John
Slater, to Minas to enforce the payment o* quitrents due by the settlers
there. In his instructions to Slater he says : " As you are also one of
His Majesty's Council, (you are) to proceed thither with a sergeant,
corporal and eight men under your command, and there with the Secre-
tary of the Province, to inquire into the behaviour of these people, and
report to the Lieutenant-Governor for further directions." On the
25th May he ordered ShirrefF to proceed to Minas to aid Slater in
performing the work assigned him.
During this summer Lieutenant Amhurst, a deputy surveyor of
Dunbar, received instructions from his superior to prepare a patent for
a township on the Strait of Canso in favour of Edward How and Com-
pany ; but this grant was opposed by Mr. Shirreff who alleged it would
be contrary to the royal instructions to make such a conveyance, and,
92 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS.
in consequence, tlie project was abandoned, although the Lieutenant-
Governor was known to be in favour of it. Five only of the ten
companies forming the 40fch regiment were stationed at Annapolis at
this time, and each company consisted of forty-one men only ; the
garrison, therefore, comprised but little more than 150 men exclusive
of officers, and many of them are said to have been raw recruits. The
fort itself was in a state of great dilapidation.
Toward the close of 1739 an event occurred in the old capital of a
startling and horrifying character. Mr. Armstrong's health had been
for some time in a declining condition, and many circumstances had
happened, during his long administration of affairs, to harass and annoy
him and render his life anything but a pleasurable one. He seems to
have been possessed of a very sensitive nature, and to have been of a
very excitable disposition. Small matters — what to others would appear
as trifles — were often magnified in his morbid imagination into objects
of great concern and disquietude; and it is more than probable that
hi» recent differences with Mascarene, Shirreff and others tended to
produce the melancholy condition of mind which resulted in the rash act
of suicide by which his life was terminated. He had executed a will on
the 14th of November, and ended his existence on the 6th of December
by stabbing himself in the breast five times with his sword, which was
found near his dead body. By his will he devised his property equally
between Captain Robinson, of the foot-guards, George Armstrong, of
the Ordnance office, and Ensign Charles Vane, of the 40th regiment.
The witnesses to this document were Archibald Rennie and John Slater,
officers of the garrison, and Walter Ross, an attorney, the first attorney
of whom any mention is made as being a resident in Annapolis.
Mr. Armstrong's official acts seem, generally, to have been character-
ized by a strict sense of justice and love of fair-play, and to have been
tempered by due consideration for the wishes and feelings of those whom
they were to affect ; and when not excited by opposition, or other
influence, his conduct toward those with whom, he associated was
marked by much gentleness and urUi^nity of manner, and, on most
occasions, he was inclined to counsel moderation, often using his best
etlbrts to modify the acerbities and conciliate the disputes which at
times disturbed the peace of the communities over which he presided.
An inquest was held in consequence of his sad death on the following
day and a verdict of "lunacy" returned, and on the same day John
Adams, as senior councillor and acting president, assumed the com-
mand of the Province. On the 8th of December he wrote an account
of the tragic event to the Governor-in-chief and to Governor Belcher.
His command, however, was of short duration, the position of right
a^^a^c^ZK^ ,
Hox. Col. Jkan Paul Mascarkxe,
Uorernor of Xora Scotia, at Annapolis.
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 98
belonging to Mascarene, who was tlie senior of Mr. Adums at the
Council Board, and was only prevented from assuming it on account
of his absence from the capital when the death of Armstrong took place.
In January, 1740, Mr. Adams issue<l an order to attach the estate of
his deceased predecessor, and to forbid the executors, John Handfield,
and Edward Amhurst, from disposing of it, or any part of it, until the
seigneurial rents and other crown dues, which had been received by the
deceased, shouid be accounted for to the King's Receiver for America.
Mascarene, who was absent in Massachusetts on leave at the time of
Armstrong's death, on hearing of that event hastened to return, and
arrived at Annapolis on the 20th of March ; and on the 22nd called a
meeting of the Council, over which he claimed the right to preside.
This being opposed by Adams it was agreed to leave the question to
the other members of the Board <o determine; whereupon, after consul-
tation, they unanimously decided in favour of the claims of Mascarene,
who was accordingly sworn into office, and immediately issued a
proclamation giving notice that he had assumed the government of the
Province, and commanding all persons whom it concerned to govern
themselves accordingly. Mr. Adams appealed from the decision of
the Council, and asked leave to absent himself from its sittings till
his remonstrance should be determined in England. His request was
granted, but his appeal did not result in his restoration to office.*
Major Cosby, on the demise of Armstrong, became lieutenant-colonel
of the 40th regiment ; and Mascarene became major, vice Cosby. Mr.
Winniett was despatched to Chiegnecto with Mascarene's proclamation
announcing his assumption of the administration of the Government, and
with instructions to report upon the condition of the settlements in that
district. In a letter which he wrote to Mr. Bergereau, the President
requests him to show every suitable attention to Winniett, who was a
gentleman for whom and whose family he affirms he had a high esteem.
In his initial despatch to the Duke of Newcastle, dated in November,
1740, he states the following facts concerning himself: "I entered this
place a captain at its surrendering to the English Government, and had
the honour to take possession of it in mounting the first guard, and
was brevetted major by Mr. Nicholson, the commander-in-chief of that
expedition. I was put down the third on the list of councillors when
Governor Phillipps called a Council to manage the affairs of this pro-
vince, and have served in the military, being now major to Major-General
Phillipps' regiment, and in the civil capacity, ever since, having been
employed in several transactions with the neighbouring governments,
* Mr. Adams was at this time sixty-seven years old, having been Ijorn in 1673.
In his memorial to the Duke of Newcastle he calls himself " poor, helpless, and
blind."
94 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
especially as a cuminissioner in l)ehalf of this Government to settle the
peace with the Indians." In his first despatch to the Lords of Trade,
he tells them, as his predecessor Armstrong had often told them before,
that it was impossible to form a civil government owing to the paucity
of English-speaking Protestant inhabitants, " there being only two or
three English families besides those of the garrison."
Early in 1741 Alexander Bourg was commissioned as Notary and
Receiver of the king's dues. The rapidity with which news is now
disseminated will ippear the more wonderful when contrasted with the
slowness of movement of a century and a half ago. Mascarene, writing
on the 14th of March, 1741, to England, informs his correspondent that
the latest news received in the colony from Euntpe arrived in the pre-
ceding July; and the latest advices from New England reached Annapolis
during the previous October. Minutes notv perform the feats which then
required months for their accomplishment.
The winter of 1740-41 was a severelj' cold one ; and to augment the
evil a scarcity of food prevailed, rendering the condition of the inhabi-
tants most distressing and deplorable. In consequence of this calamity,
orders were sent to the king's receivers, at Chiegnecto, Minas and
Piziquid, in April, to forward the value of the money collected by
them in grain and peas to be distributed to the starving families in the
Annaptjlis settlements. This scarcity was not confined to Nova Scotia,
but extended to Europe and the West Indies. In England it was so
great that the exportation of food was strictly prohibited. During
the same month, Shirreff, the secretary, Skene and Erasmus James
Phillips left Annapolis to go to New England, to meet the other com-
missioners appointed to make an adjustment of the boundary disputes
between Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
The early months of this year witnessed the death of Mr, Winniett,
who had for many years been the leading merchant and ship-owner of
the Province, and for several years a member of the Council, and whose
decease was felt as a calamity by the whole community. He left a will
which was dated February, 1726, in which he bequeathed his whole
estate, which was no inconsiderable one for that period, to his wife,
Magdelaine Winniett, whom he appointed sole executrix. This docu-
ment was proved before the Council in August, 1741. One clause of it
had special relation to one of his daughters (Margaret), who, it appears,
was afilicted with some personal deformity or infirmity which rendered
a special provision necessary in her case, should she survive her parents.
She did not, however, outlive them ; and it is a somewhat singular fact
that the tombstone of this child is the only existing memorial of the
family to be found in the ancient graveyard at Annapolis. Mr. Winniett
HISTORY O'-* ANNAl'OI.IS. 95
was survived by, at least, four of hia cliildren : (1) Anne, who married
Lieutenant-Colonel Cosby, of tlie 40th regiment, and who died without
issue ; (2) Eli/al>eth, of whom I have not l)een able to recover any
particulars ; {',)) Joseph, of whom the reader will find a full notice in
the *' Biographical Memoirs " which form a portion of this work ; and
(4) Matthew, who died without leaving issue.
The officiating priest at Annapolis, in 1742, was namefl Nicholas
Vauxlin, or Vatjuelin, who came there in 1739. Hf seems to have
urged upon the French inhabitants the duty nf submission and obedience
to the English authorities, and to have received the approbation of
Mascarene. There had been no chaplain to the garrison since 1738, and
tlie want of one was nmch felt, and his absence deplorefi by those of the
people who needed his services.
A vessel arrived at the port near the beginning of the year, without
anchors ; and her captain, Trefry, applied to the administrator of the
Government for the loan of those belonging to the brig Baltimore, of
Mrs. Buckler notoriety, which, since 1738 had been laid up near the fort,
waiting for the appearance of an owner, and his rec^juest was referred
to Erasmus Phillips, who held the commission of King's Advocate in
the Court of Vice-Admiralty, whose decision in the matter does not
appear.
Des Enclaves now succeeded Vaquelin as priest. These missionaries
were required to obtain leave from the Council before they were permitted
to exercise their functions in any part of the Province ; nor were they
allowed to move from one parish or place to another without permission
from the same authority. This course oil the part of the Government
was necessary to prevent the introduction of priests who were known,
or supposed to be inimical to English interests, and was the means of
keeping them, in some degree, in subjection or under control. On this
subject, Mr. Mascarene, in a despatch to the Duke of Newcastle, tells
that nobleman that it would prove most injurious to the well-being of
the Province to permit the Bishop of Queliec to send missionaries into it
at will, and that such a course would render it impossible to bring the
French inhabitants into due obedience to the Government.
As the beginning of 1742 was clouded by the death of Winniett, so
the close of 1742 was darkened by the decease of his son-in-law, Cosby,
which took place on the 27th of December. He had served for several
years as commandant at Canso, and had long held the honourable posi-
tion of Lieutenant-Governor of the town of Annapolis; and besides being
an active and intelligent officer, he was generally respected by the
inhabitants of all parts of the country. His popularity among the French
was perhaps traceable, in part, at least, to his marriage with Anne
96 HISTORY OF ANNAPOMS.
Winniett, who was a native of the Province, and eHteemed by the French
people as — through her mother — a scion of their race. Her father,
as tlie reader already knows, had V)een a proniinent meinlier of the
community from the e(m(|uest, in 1710, to the flay of his death in 1 742.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER VI.
The first Masonic lyxlge in Nova Scotia was organi/e<i at Annapolis
Royal, in 1738. It was fourth in the oi-der of precedence of loflges
chartered by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. It was calle<l the
Annapolis Royal Lodge, and' Erasmus James Phillips was its first
worshipful master. — [Ed.]
('HAPTKH VII.
1742 174G.
Mnscnirnp'H (leK('ri|iti<)n of town ami fort — He l)»!t(mu'K (loveinof of lioth War with
Fnince — Li- Linitrt! lemln the Iniliiins in iin iittiick — IiivestK thi- town —
l)u VivierV forniitliiblc iittiick He fiiil« to tt-rrify the neutralH into joining
him— Skirniisli'-s and |>i'o|inHalH for ('apitnlation — He laiKt-M the siejie Marin'H
weaker attempt- Fonilion anil eomluet of AeadianH — Naval defentiive
inuaHiircH.
IN atlespiitoli of MascanMie to the Duke of Nt'wcastlo, dated December
Ist, 1743, he 'eters to tlie condition of the tort at AnnapoliH, which,
he says, " is apt to tumble down in heavy rains or in thaws after frosty
weather, as it is formed of earth of a sandy and friable nature. To
prevent this a revestment of timbers had lieen made use of, which soon
decaying remedies the evil but for a short time, so that for these many
years past there has been only a continual jiatching. The Board of
Ordnance has sent engineers and artificers in order to build the fort with
brick and stone, but. little more could be done for these two summers past
than providing part of the materials, and making conveniences for land-
ing them ; so that when I received the above-mentioned directions there
were several breaches of easy access to an enemy, which I immediately
directed to be repaired, in which the season has favoured us beyond
expectation." Afttir stating that an increase was required in the num-
bers of the garrison, he thus writes of the town : " It cttnsists of two
streets, the one extending along the river side and the other along the
neck of land the extremities whereof are of a quarter of a mile distant
from the fort, has no defence against a surprise from the Indians. The
materials for the new building and the artificers are lodged there, as well
as several families belonging to the garrison, who, for want of conveniency
in the fort, are obliged to (juarter there."
A French-Canadian, named Vannier, who was accused of having
obtained money under false pretences from the inhabitants of Minas, was
arrested in Annapolis alwut this time and confined in prison for some
weeks. The Council finally ordered that he should be sent out of the
Province j an order, however, which was never carried into effect, as he
7
98 HISTOUV OF ANVAIHHJS.
siivi>d tlifiii the troiiltlt* by lllakill^ his «>scit|Mi from ^iiol and It^nvin^ tho
ctiuntry voluntarily.
In I7I( MiiHciinMic wiih niiulo liicutfniiiit (•ovt<rnor i<( tli)> fort uiul
town, tlius uniting in liis own person tlii< funt'tions of two otlioes, or
connniuxis, t\u' holding of whioli Ity different individuuls liud su often !«!<!
to ditliculti(<s and diHi)ut<>s injurious to the |m>h(-<> and liarinony of tht;
pfople and tlii^ ;;arrison, as woll as of the pulilio intt>rcsts. 'I'he Lieutftwint-
(tovornor of the Province was supreni<> in the administration of purely
oisil affairs, and th« Li«'utenant (»overnor of the fort controlled and
directed the military duties. This system had l>een the means of making
enemies of men who oth»«rwiso would have Imm-ii fiiends ; and the heart-
l)urnin>,'s and jealousies which had separated Armstrong and Coshy and
Mascarene were directly traceable to this dual system of administration,
and would tiot have occurred if this system had not existed. The uni<m
of these otlices in one individual, therefore, may be regarded as a fortunate
circumstance fcu' the colony.
War has ing l)een declared against tlie French by England, the com-
paratively peaceful compl(?xioi> of colonial affairs in America Itecame
suddenly changed. The Indians were excited into acts of open hostility
by the French priests of Acadie, and the French peasantry were but
little inclined to render assistance to the Government to '.vhich they
owed the continued po-saession of their lands, and the protection of their
lives and property.
A knowledge of the declaration of war having reached Du Quesnal,
the (Jovernor of Cape Breton, before .vnything of it was known at Port
Royal or Boston, tlie French had ample time to fit out a formidable
expedition at Louisburg for the capture of Canso. This armament,
which consisted of several vessels and nine hundred men of all arms,
burned the villagre ; took the companies of the 40th regiment then
stationed there prisoners of war, and captured the tender of a ship of war
which chanced to be in that port. These events happened on the 13th
of May, and it was not known at Annapolis that war had been declared
until the 18th of June, on which day a proclamation of it was published.
Just a month before the date of this event the gofxl people of the old
capital suffered a great scare, from a false report which had gained
circulation and credence at the same time. It was stated that Morpain,
the commander of a privateer during the last war, was up the river at
the head of five hundred French and Indians, and intended an immediate
attack upon the town.
The wives and children of many of the officers were placed on board
the vessels then in the port to be transferred to Boston as a place of
safety ; and the families of those officers who resided outside the fort
were at once placed within it as a sanctuary ; and all articles of value,
IIIMTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS. 99
not alrt'iiily tlirio, aUn foiiiui ii pliicf of (It'pusit witliiii itH wiiiU. It is
>uii(l tliH t'oi't (!ontiiiiit'(l iiiort' thiiii scviMity wuiiifii and oliildrcii aftt>r all
tlicMf ari-aiixt'iiH'iits lia<l ln't-n ctl'fctfd. Irnin*Hliate ordcrH wi-ri' given to
the clii«'t' i'n>^inf»T to it'pair and Htrcn^tlu'ii tlio works of the fort, and
th« French inhabitants were eoninianded to furnish the tiinlM-r required
for that [turpose and to attsiHt in the wurk.* These precautionary nieasurcH
for defence were not undertaken a moment t(M) s<Min, for on the first day
of July a party of tiireo hundred Indians suddenly made their appearance
Itefore the fort. They were commanded and led l»y that accomplished
arch-erjemy of Knj^lish rule, the priest Iav Fioutre. As soon as it was
known they had arrived in the up-river settlements, the French inhabi-
tants, who had been tnnployed on the works, or in other ways, h^ft the
town and returned to their alKHles that tlu^y might not Ih* engaged in
its defence against the attacks of their friends. The position of atFairs
was anything but assuring. The repairs on the fortifications luul only
Ijeen l)egun, the five companies of the 10th regiment in the garrison did
not numl)er one hundred men, and the workmen who had been sent
from Massachusetts to assist in restoring the fort, were more or less
unwilling to act the part of a soldier, as they had not lieen originally
employed for that purpose. Their lea''er had collected his forces and
formed a sort of camp on the south-east 'rn side of the cape and might at
any moment l)e moved to the attack. The first blcxKlshed occurred in
this way. Two soldiei -;. who against ordeis to the contrary, had ventured
a short flistance from the town, perhaps to reconnoitre the invading forces,
were shot by a skulking jtarty of Indians. On the next day Mascarene
sent u missive to the In^sieging part}'. It has the ring of the true metal,
and reads thus :
" Annai'oms Rovai., .July 3nl, 1744.
" <iENTi,EMEN,--Tla' tirnt sliot you hiartl tired from the fort was according to
our custom when we think we have eiieniieH. AfterwardH your (Hiople killed two of
our Holdiurs who wore in the gardenR without arms. I'm resolved to defen<l this
fort until the last di'0]> of my blood against a'.l the enemies of the King of Great
Britain, my master ; whereupon you can take your course. Ko I sign my name.
"(Signed), 1'. Mamcarenk.
" To the. IiidiiDiM ii'ho air at, the Gape,"
Emboldened by the success of their initial attempt, the savages deter-
mined to attack the fort in force. The physiognomy of the grounds
surrounding the fortifications was considerably different in those old
times from what it is now. A ravine, or hollow, then extended across
the highway or street in the neighbourhood of the court-house, and ran
north-westwardly to the foot of the glacis, on the south or south-west side
* See despatches and letters of Mascarene on this subject quoted in Chapter
IX.-[Ed.]
100 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
of the fort. This ravine then offered great facilities to a]l assailants of
the place. Permission appears to have been given to the inhabitants,
from time to time, to build huts, barns and stables in that vicinity,
and quit? a number of thera existed there at this period, affording at
once shelter to an enemy and a basis of attack. It was from this
point that Le Loutre commanded his Indians to make their attempt,
which they inaugurated by a sharp, but not protracted discharge of fire-
arms ; but the guns of the fort having been turned upon them, they
were soon dislodged from their cover and compelled to desist from their
operations from this quarter. They then turned their attention to the
lower town, which they soon set on fire. Between the fort and the
lower part of the town stood a block-house in the middle of the street —
probably not fai* south of the Mohawk Fort already referred to. A guard,
under command of a sergeant, occupied it, and finding the conflagration
extending rapidly toward them, and fearing that his men and himself
might perish in the flames, he sent to Mascarene asking leave to abandon
it, which was grjvnted, as it seems that liis fears were well founded. At
this juncture the engineer proposed to j lace an additional force on board
the ordnance tender, with instruction ,o get the vessel into a position
from which she would l)e able to sweep the street with her cannon. This
scheme was adopted, and a companj' of artificers and other volunteers
formed and placed under the orders of the captain, who was joined by
Edward How as a volunteer. Directions were now given to replace
the guard in the abandoned block-house so that it might be used as a
point d'ajtpai for the double purpose of driving V)ack the assailants and
arresting the progress of the flames. Tliese plans succeeded iidmirably ;
the Indians were driven out ; the wooden fences near the block-house
were removed, and some houses in ts near vicinity den-olished, as they
would otherwise afford shelter to the foe in another attack. At the
same time Mascarene ordered the houses and other buildings south of the
fort to be pulled down, together with those within half a gun-shot from
the fort. In giving these commands tlie house of Captain Daniel- which
held been recently built, and which stoofl somewhat farther away than
the others — was mswle an exception, though it did not escape destruction,
for the Indians rifled it, and the shot from the guns of the fort, u,«ed
to dislodge them, riddled it so much as to render it useless without
very considerable and expensive repair. The assailants, who now found
it dangerous to approach the glacis of the fort, fell back to their camp
on the cipe and contented themselves with stealing some sheep, swine
and :dttle.
A vessel from Massachusetts arrived on the 5th, having on board
seventy men, a captain and an ensign to reinforce the garrison. When
this became known to Le Loutre, he and his Micraac and Malicete
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 101
warriors retreated to the settlements, near to where Bridgetown now
stands ; and when they had sutticiently rested themselves they
proceeded to Miuas, there to await the development of events at
Louisburg, from which place they expected reinforcemonts, and tiie
co-operation of a naval force to act in conjunction with them in case
they should oe ordered to make another attempt.
Scarcely two months had passed away before a fresh attack was made
with largely increased forces under the command of Du Vivier.* This
interval had been devoted by the English commander to a repair of
arms, the drilling of the auxiliaries sent from Massachusetts, and the
sending away of the women and children to a place of safety. Du Vivier
had landed the reinforcements he brought with him, and which consisted
of a company of regulars and two or three hundred militia, on the
isthmus at the head of the Bay of Fundy, and made his way thence to
Minas by land, where he halted a day or two, uniting with his troops
those which had so recently and unsuccessfully attempted to drive the
English from their beloved Acadie. Du Vivier now issued a proclamation
to the inhabitants of Minas, Piziquid, Cobequid and River Canard, in
which he ordered them " to acknowledge the obedience they owed to
the King of France," and called upon them to furnish him with horses
and men, threatening those who refused compliance with his demands
with being punished by delivering them " into the hands of the savages
as enemies of the State, as we cannot refuse the demands which the
savages make for all those who will not submit themselves." This
formal document was dated August 27th, 1744. He then ordered an
immediate march of all his forces toward Annapolis ; but having again
rested his men near Round Hill, he did not reach the immediate neigh-
bourhood of the tort until the first days of September. On the morning
after their arrival, Hushed with the hope and the promise of victory, they
marched boldly toward the fortifications, with their colours displayed,
keeping as much as possible, however, under the cover of hedges and
fences in order to avoid the effects of the discharges of artillery, to
which they looked forward as a necessary consetjuence of their upproach.
But it was not until they had got well up toward the foot of the glacis,
that a gun sent a ball, aimed at their colours, which, it is said, passed so
near to Du Vivier and his brother as to give them a very unpleasant
apprehension of a too warm reception if they made a nearer approach,
and, in consequence, they at once retraced their steps to the eastern
slopes of the hills at the end of the cape, whence they determined to
make their future onsets by night, thus hoping to avoid, at least to some
extent, the effects of the English artillery. Night after night they
* Francis du Pont du Vivier, a descenduut of the Latours, and a n:i tive of Port
Royal.
102 HISTORY OV ANNAPOLIS,
marched up under cover of the darkness, following the course of the
ravine before named, to the parapet of the walls near the covered way.
These attacks were exceedingly annoying and embarrassing to the garri-
son, keeping them constantly on the i,ui vive during the whole night.
They were continued for some time but without any gain to the besiegers
or material loss to the besieged, when Du Vivier determined upon a
change of tactics. It was believed that a considerable fleet had been
ordeied to act in concert with the assailants, and the French commauvJer,
therefore, sent his brother under a flag of truce to ^lascarene, with a
letter to him, in which he assured him he expected daily the arrival of
three ships of war of seventy, sixty and forty guns respci'tively, all of
them manned one- third above the usual complement, and a transport
vessel having on board two hundred regular troops, with cannon, mortars
and other engines of war ; and declared that it would be impossible for
the English to successfully withstand such a force, and that he would,
without doubt, be compelled to surrender the fort with its munitions
and garrison as soon as they should arrive ; and concluded by suggesting
that Mascarene shouKl now enter into eondilinnal articles of surrender,
in which he promised very favourable terms, and attirmed, in case such
a course should be entertained, that the articles should not be carried
into effect nor l>e considered in any way binding until statements con-
cerning the expected naval reinforcement should be verified by its arrival
before the town ; and also if succours should arrive in the meantime for
the garrison, they should be looked upon as of no effect. He concluded
his communication by stating that he now had a suflicient force to take
the place by assault, having in possession and at hand a full supply of
scaling ladders and combustibles sufficient to ensure success should he
make the trial. He also declared that this overture and the agreement,
if entered into, should be regarded as a secret between them as com-
manders. Du Vivier's object in this bit of diplomacy was, no doubt, to
crea 1 dissensions among the oflficers of the garrison, a result which
came very near being realized, as the secjuel will show.
Mascarene sent the bearer of this letter back, telling him to say to
Du Vivier that he -"ould forward a reply on the following day at noon.
He then called the officers of the garrison together and submitted the
contents of the communication to them, and at the time specified he
despatched an answer to the effect that ;he did not fear the result of an
assault, being prepared to meet and repel it, and that it would be suffi-
ciently early to determing what course he should pursue when the ships
and soldiers referred to should have arrived. This reply does not seem to
have pleased Du Vivier, who sent again to Mascarene, proposing a truce
to active hostilities until the fleet should have put in an appearance, but
on the condition that the terms he had offered should be conditionally
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 103
accepterl, urging that the besieged would run no risk in complying with
this request.
This proposal found considerable favour with the officers, who, in case
of its acceptance, would be relieved from the hardships of night vigilance
and other disagreeable duties incident to a state of siege ; and all of
them but three or four advi.sed concession to the Frenchman's demands.
They urged the ill-condition of the fort, the dread of being msKle prisoners
of war after av assault, the uncertainty of the arrival of succours, and
above all that no risk was to be run by the proposed arrangements, as
reason for their advice. Mascarene was filled with apprehensions at the
results of a distinct refusal, and determined, while he appeared to give a
reluctant consent, not to sign any terms of capitulation unless forced to
do so by other circumstances. He therefore appointed three of his officers
as commissioners to wait on Du Vivier and obtain a draft of the terms uf
the proposed conditional surrender, that he might have them in writing.
This was done, the draft was obtained, and its provisions were found
to be all that had been promised — - very favourable to the garrison.
Mascarene was solicited to sign it at once, but he declined to do so, and
suggested that the commissioners might themselves sign it, taking due
care that the act should be considered as a preliminary only ; and they
were sent back to the enemy's camp to inquire if such a course would be
agreeable to Du Vivier ; but the Frenchman, losing all patience — or
professing to do so — at the reluctance of his adversary, refused to accede
to this half-way proposition, and demanded an unconditional surrender,
handing them, at thf same time, a draft so diflTerent in terms from the
former that they at once refused even to o;„rry it to their chief, who was
much gratified at this termination of the negotiations, and decided to
renew hostilities on the next day.
It is stated that a few hours before the renewal of hostilities, Masca-
rene was informed that the men under his command, not understanding
the object of so long a truce pnd parley with the enemy, threatened to
seize their officers and carry on the defence of the fort without them,
being apprehensive that they desired to surrender the town without
further struggle. This was a very reassuring fact to their commander,
who now made them fully acquainted with all that had taken place and
of his intention to renew the defence, upon which they gave him three
hearty cheers, to mark their confidence in him as a leader.
From this time to the raising of the siege the daily skirmishes and
nightly attacks continued for two or three weeks, but without any issue
of consequence. Toward the end of September a brig and sloop arrived
from Boston, with a detachment of Goreham's (Indian) rangers, which
were intended to be used as scouts. This corps afterwards proved of
very considerable service to the garrison at Annapolis and elsewhere in
104 HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS.
the Province. Sljortly after their arrival, one of tlioir number having
straggled too far from his friends, fell into the hands of the besiegers, and
Mascarene sent out a number of liis men with a view to his rescue, when
a skirmish ensued in which the garrison had a sergeant killed and one
private wounded ; not, however, without having inHicted as much or
more injury on the enemy.
Du Vivier, finding that i-einforcements had been thrown into the fort,
and the fleet and succours promised him having failed to arrive, Ijegan to
fear that his expedition was to prove a failure. The autumn was rapidly
passing away, and the winter as rapidly advancing, when it would be
impossible for him to continue the siege, owing to want of provisions
and shelter for his men ; he therefore determined to abandon his opera-
tions and retire homeward, which he did immediately after the occurrence
of the skirmish above mentioned. In an account of these events,
Mascarene informed Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, that he had, on
the day previous to this affair, said in the presence of the scout who had
been captured, that he intended to pay a personal visit to the enemy's
camp as soon as the rangers had returned from the basin — whither he
had sent them after wood — and he naively concluded his narrative by
saying : " Monsieur Du Vivier did not care to stay for it, for he decamped
the next morning, in very rainy weather, toward Manis, to which place
he had a very wet and fatiguing journey," and assigns his threatened visit
as one of the causes of his hasty departure.* Murdoch (Vol. I., page 37)
informs us that " tradition says that the French and Indians entrenched
themselves for six weeks, living on venison, as they brought no supplies
with them ; that the French flag was shot away, and an Indian, who
was making himself very conspicuous on a rock still remaining, was killed
by the fire from the fort."
The conduct of Du Vivier toward the French inhabitants during this
expedition was so manifestly impolitic, unwise and unjust as to excite at
once feelings of anger and wonder. He certainly knew that the treatment
of his countrymen by their conquerors had been marked by much kindness
and generosity. None knew better than he that it was to their interests
to be faithful to the English, who had permitted them to occupy their
lands, notwithstanding their forfeiture under the provision of the articles
of capitulation, made at the surrender of Port Royal; that they had been
allowed the free exercise of their religion, and exempted from taking
arms in defence of the Province against the attacks of France, and that
generally they were freer and happier under British, than they had ever
been under French, rule. It was therefore certain that if he desired
their good wishes and assistance on this occasion, he should have con-
ciliated them by a course of conduct marked by a desire for their good.
* Printed Archives, page 147.
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 105
and should have pledged the fullest security of their property, and
immunity from the consei|uences of their adhesion to liis cause. But if
we may believe the statements so abun(iantly and circumstantially made
in the records preserved to us, he adopted an entirely opposite course, in
which he only succeeded in arousing feelings of alienation and distrust,
and that, too, to so great a degree that not a dozen of them volunteered
to serve under his standard in this memorable siege. Mascarene says :
" As soon as the French and Indians left our river, the deputies of the
inhabitants came before me in council, and represented the dread they
had been kept in by the French commander producing his written orders,
threatening with death those who should disobey. They assured me,
however, that notwithstanding the entreaties and threats of Monsieur
Du Vivier, none of the inhabitants could be persuaded to take up arms
and join the enemy." The same fact was also athrmed by the deputies of
the banlieue or Annapolis District.
Scarcely had the retreating foe reached Minas, when two ships of war,
with a number of officers and men, arrived in the basin, and seized two
vessels which came in during the same tide, from Boston, being laden
with stores for the Massachusetts' auxiliaries, then in the Annapolis
garrison. The commander of the French ships, finding that the siege had
been raised, did not make any hostile demonstration against the town,
though he was joined on the day after his arrival by a sloop of war
having on board mortars, cannons and other . warlike stores, but con-
tented him with the captures he had made and quietly sailed away.
"Thus," continues Mascarene in the despatch already quoted above,
" were the French with their clans of Indians, obliged to leave us for
this year, after making three several attempts, in which, though their
measures had been well taken at first, yet were baffled at last, for we
iiave heard since that the men-of-war mentioned by Monsieur Du Vivier
had everything ready to come to reduce us, but at some intelligence of an
English squadron bound to these northern parts, they dropped their
enterprise, and sent the shipping above mentioned." The safety of the
fort, he ascribes " to tlie breaking of the French measures, the timely
.succours received from the Governor of Massachusetts, and our French
inhabitants refusing to take up arms against us.
"The first had prepared such a force as, in the opinion of all, con-
sidering the ill condition of this fort, we should not have been able to
resist ; by the second our men were eased in the constant duty in the
many ruinous places in our ramparts required to attend ; and if the
inhabitants had taken up arms they might have brought three or four
thousand men against it, who would have kept us still on harder duty,
and by keeping the enemy a long time about us, made it impracticable to
repair our breaches, or to get our firewood and other things of absolute
necessity."
106 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Mascarene fully expected a renewal of tlie attack in the coming spring
and therefore devoted the short days of the intervening winter, which
happened to prove very favourable, to repairing the fortifications and
strengthening their defences. But the events which were about to
develop themselves at Louisburg were such as to render his position more
hopeful than it otherwise would have been. The neighbouring colonies
had determined to attempt to capture this stronghold of France in Isle
Royale, and the knowledge of this fact made it necessary for the Gover-
nor of that island to prepare to defend himself instead of making pre-
parations to attack others. Annapolis, however, did not entirely escape
invasion ; for in the month of May, 1745, Marin, a young Canadian officer,
commanding a mixed InKly of French and Indians numbering about six
hundred souls, made a short and futile demonstration against it. He
succeeded in taking two small vessels, and mode prisoner of a woman ; but
having received orders to hasten with his forces to assist in the rlefence
of TiOuisburg, he soon left the town free from further inconvenience. It
was at the time of his approach that Mr. Bastide, the Engineer-in-chief,
advised the pulling down of several houses which stood too near the
block-house. One of these buildings belonged to a Sergeant Davis, and
the others to Olivier, Adams, Ross and Hutchinson. These buildings
were situated tt) the north-east of the block-house, and as the wind blew
strongly from that direction, this course was deemed necessary for the
safety of the town and fort. The house of Olivier, or as he was called
by the English " Oliver," was located in what is still known as the
"Cooper lot," in Annapolis, adjoining the grounds of the railway station.
Governor Vetch was the original owner of this house. He sold it in
1771, and as I have said elsewhere the deed of conveyance is still extant.
Part of Marin's forces embarked on board a vessel with a view to
reaching Louisburg as soon as possible, but they were so closely watched
and pursued by provincial armed sloops that they were hindered from
reaching their destination until too late. Marin seems to have adopted
the harsh and threatening policy of Du Vivier toward the French inhabi-
tants. This is apparent from the written orders issued by him and which
are still in existence. Murdoch informs us (Vol. II., p. 74), " The
deputies stated that the behaviour of the enemy toward the inhabitants
had been very harsh. That coming in the night they sent men to every
house whilst the dwellers were buried in sleep, and threatened to put to
death any that should stir out or come near the fort. That they had
been ordered to furnish weekly a certain quantity of cattle, and to bring
their carts and teams, the orders being, most of them, on pain of death."
In the autumn of 1745, the supplies of live stock for the use of the
garrison at Annapolis, while on their way from Minas were cut off by a
party of Indians, who were supposed to have been encouraged by the
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 107
inhabitants of that place ; and a few of Goreham's rangers were surprised
on Goat Island, where tliey were stationed, information of their where-
abouts having been probably furnished to the enemy Vjy some of the
adjacent settlers. While the siege and capture of Louisburg renders
this year memorable in the annals of Acadian history, it made the two
following years periods of comparative repose for Annapolis.
Mascnrene's correspondence with the Duke of Newcastle about this time
expressed a fear that the French inhabitants of the Province would join
the enemy in case Fi-ance should send a sutticiently large and well-
organized expedition to attempt the recovery of Nova Scotia. He
believed their religion, their patriotism and the ties of race alike urged
them to such a course ; and he seems to have been justified in coming to
this conclusion, for it had been affirmed by the Governor of Canada in a
despatch to the French minister that "the attachment of the Acadians
to the Crown of France could not be doubted." This despatch was
written by the Marquis de Beauharnois, then governor, in September,
1745. He writes:
" As regards the disposition of the inhabitants toward ub, all with a very small
exception, are desirous of returning under French dominion. Sieur Marin and
the officers of his detachment as well as the missionaries have assured us of this ;
they will not hesitate to take up arms as soon as they see themselves at liberty to do
80 ; that is, as soon as we shall have become masters of Port Royal, or they have
powder and other munition of war, and will be backed by some sedentary troops
for their protection against the resentment of the Knglish. . . . Tlie reduction of
Louisburg has, however, disccmcerted them. Monsieur Marin has reported to us
that the day he left Port Royal all the inhabitants were overpowered with grief.
This arose only from their apprehension of remaining at the disposition of the
enemy, of losing their property, and of being deprived of their missionaries."
This despatch is so filled with interesting particulars that I cannot but
transcribe a few more of them. He adds :
"The Acadians have not extended their plantations since they have come under
English rule ; their houses are wretched wooden Iwxes, without conveniences, and
without ornaments, and scarcely containing the most necessary furniture ; but they
are extremely covetous of specie. Since tlie settlement of Isle Royale they have
drawn from Louisburg, by means of their tra<le in cattle, and all the other pro-
visions, almost all the specie the king annually sent out ; it never makes its appear-
ance aijaia ; they are partindarly earcfid to conceal it. . . . The enemy will not
fail to stock the place — Annapolis — abuntlantly with all the stores necessary for its
defence, and to strengthen its garrison. This consisted of three hundred men when
Sieur Marin left the place in the beginning of June. There were then six 24-
pounders pointed toward the river ; one t\velve-inch mortar and thirty pieces of
cannon on the ramparts. The fort is square with four bastions, being about 180
toises — 360 yards— from one bastion to the other. The wall is of earth faced with
squared timber ten to twelve inches in breadth and eighteen feet long, joined
together and set up perpendicularly ; the embrasures of the parapets are very open ;
the top of the parapets is set off with round sticks, twelve inches in diameter.
108 HISTOItY OF ANNAI'OLIH.
fuMtt'iiuil will) n)|>u l>ii<1h, tliuxu HtickM huing ho iliHpitHt'd im to iidniit of Iteing
(>|)eiiu<l anil Mlippetl ovur the tuliiM of the |)iii'ii|M!t witli a view to l)re»k tliu litildurs
which wouhl Im' employed in Healing. Tlie ditch may he ten or twelve toiHOH —
twenty or twenty-four yards — wide and half as miicii deep ; in its centre ia a
ounette with a palisade ; tlie covert way is nothing else than the coiinter-soarpe.
The glacis, with well-defined, salient and entering angle, may Im fifteen toisos
— thirty yards. Tiie outworks consist of tiie thi'ee block-houses; one situated
between tlie nioutli of the little river an<l the fort, and defends the plain ; the
other two K.N. K. of said fort tiefend the approach of the U)wer town. 'Tis to
be observed that during Marin's sojourn all the houses in the lower town wore
abaniloned. The most j)art belong to the officers of tlie garrison.
" Vou will see, my hird, by the annexed journal, that Mr. Mascarene had com-
menced in May to have the north side of Goat Island olearetl, either with a view to
discover at a greater distance the ships that enter the narrow mouth of the harbour,
the view of which is intercepted by trees, or rather to erect a battery upon it, to
<lefend the (mly shi|> channel between that island and the mainland, and by that
means prevent vessels going up so far as the fort. It is to be presumed that the
Knglish have now erected that battery, and that they will, on receipt of the first
news of pi'e]>aration against Acadie, construct another battery at the entrance of
the strait. }Siiouhl they erect one on Goat Island, it will not prevent ships enter-
ing and anchoring in the basin, nor troops landing on the south shore opposite the
anchorage grounils. 'Twill l»e very easy to render the road from that point to
Port Royal passable for artillery destined for the attack ; the distance is about three
leagues. "
In the spring of 1746 Mascarene detained His Majesty's ship Dover
for the protection of the town against a possible attack, though he had a
few months before commissioned a vessel called the Ordnance Packet in
the public service. She was, however, chiefly employed in carrying pro-
visions and stores from Boston to Louisburg and Annapolis. In Apri'
the river deputies were ordered to furnish men to assist in building a
new wharf near the fort, probably the one in late years known as the
Queen's, or "Government wharf," the ruins of which have long been
conspicuous. They were required to send at least forty for that purpose.
It was during this summer that Mascarene commanded that three guns
should be fired from one of the bastions, whenever any of the soldiers
should be found to have deserted, and the inhabitants were required,
when tliey heard the signal, to guard the various roads and other
avenues of escape, and if possible to seize the runaways. About the
.same time the schooner Fame was sent to Louisburg with despatches,
and the Ordnance Packet ordered up the bay to prtHJure intelligence
concerning the movements of Le Loutre and his people in that quarter.
Tlie same vessel, later in the season, was ordered to cruise in the mouth
of the Bay of Fundy, in order to destroy the enemy's ships which should
approach the basin from that direction, or to convoy friendly vessels
inward bound, into port, as circumstances or occasion required. She
carried a small armament, and a sergeant and ten men from the garrison
in addition to her crew.
CHAPTER Vlll.
1746-1756.
Raniexay investH AnnapoliH — MaHcurene reinfcirwd — Nolile's force at Grand Pre
Hurprisod and cut to piocen — Arrest of tweh'e French traitors wanted —
Morris' proposal to settle Knglish families l)etween the Acadian settlements
— Peace — Halifax founded by Cornwallis Becomes the capital — Acadians
refuse to take uni|ualiHcd oath— Ask leave to depart — Leave refused— How's
treacherous mui'der -Lawrence (iovernor- French at Annapolis again ask
leave to retire — Their sudden sei/.ure aiul dispersion.
THE loss of Louisburg had filled France with chagrin and mortifica-
tion, and she determined to attempt its recovery, and restore her
dominion over the whole of Acadie. To effect this purpose she fitted out
an expedition, consisting of fifty ships of war, and a land force of three
or four thousand men, under the command of the Due d'Anville. Tl^is
great armament tlu-eatened to restore and perpetuate the supremacy
of France in that part of America, and its commander was specially
instructed to reduce Annapolis as well as Louisburg ; and but for what
appears to have been an interposition of Providence, the old fortress of
Port Royal would probably have passed once more into the hands of its
ancient masters. A succession of storms assailed this ill-starred fleet,
and disease and pestilence completed the disasters that were begun by
the elements. A Canadian force, under the command of the Chevalier
de Ramezay, with Coulon de Villiers and La Corne, as lieutenants, had
been organized to aid and support D'Anville in his intended conquests.
The Canadian commander received orders to invest the works at Anna-
polis, and act in concert with a division of the fleet, which was to be
sent into the basin to attack it from that side. He, therefore, with
a detachment of seven hundred men, toward the close of September,
appeared at the cape, and encamped his men. He made no attempt on
the town, however, but waited for the ari'ival of a naval forje before
he should commence active operations against it.
Mascarene, in the meantime, had received reinforcements from Massa-
chusetts to the number of 250 men, which, with His Majesty's ship
Cheater, of fifty guns, the Shirley, of thirty guns, and the Ordnance
Packet in the harbour, made him not entirely unprepared to make a
110 iiisnmv OF annapoi.is.
vigorous, if not n sucoeHsful, doftjnce iigainst any attack that niiglit he
made, either on the land or the seaward side. De Haniezay had not
heen long at the cape, iiowever, liefore he received information of the
complete withdrawal of the broken and crippled armament of D'Aiiville
from the shores of the Provinet% and he, without delay, evacuated his
camp, retiring Hi'st to Minas, and afterwarils to Chiegnecto, where lie
intended to pass the winter, and prepare for a new campaign in the
spring.
The other colonies had V)een stirred from centre to circumference by
the efforts of France to recover the possession of Nova Scotia, and in
consequence they voted men, vessels and money to aid in her defence.
Mascarene advised the military occupation of Grand Pre, by a garrison of
New England troops— a i)lan which would be equivalent to removing the
scene of spring operations from the seat of Government to that point,
while its possession would deprive the enemy of a convenient basis of
attack and depot of supplies.* He therefore directed that a detachment
of 470 men of the Massachusetts contingent should be sent to that point,
and quartered upon the inhabitants. This force was placed under the
conuuand of Colonel Arthur Noble and Major Erasmus James Phillips,
and Edward How accompanied them as commissioner in charge of the
administration of civil affairs, and as commissary. The disembarkation
of ^these troops took place on the day before Christmas, 1746, ami news
of the event reached De Ramezay on the 8th of January, 1747, at
Chiegnecto, who, without hesitation, decided to attempt their dislodge-
ment, or destruction, if possible, before the spring. He had every reas(m
for believing that his enemies would not anticipate his intentions, and he
therefore (juietly and secretly organized a body of about three hundred
men whom he despatched overland, ina Windsor, under the command of
Coulon de Villiers, who commenced the journey on the 23rd of January,
and reached Pizicjuid (Windsor) on the 9th of February ; and at three
o'clock, on the morning of the 11th, arrived at Grand Pre, on which
they commenced their attack while the English were reposing in the
security of a profound sleep. A blinding snow-storm prevailed, and the
French were enabled to enter the village without being observed. They
at once assailed the quarters in whicli they knew the British officers
were sleeping, and a violent fight ensued, during which Colonel Noble
and his brother were killed, and Edward How wounded and taken
prisoner. After the death of Noble, the command was assumed by
Captain Benjamin Goldthwaite, who continued tlie resistance several
hours, though he was finally compelled to surrender on terms. These
* The Acadians refused to supply Ramezay with provisions while among them
with his troops without immediate specie payment, which they knew he could not
make. See " Wolfe and Montcalm," Vol. II., pp. 189, 199, 200.— [Kd.]
HISTOKV Ob' ANNAPOLIS. Ill
were, however, honuurablt'^, both to tlie Eiiglisli niul the French. The
former were allowed to march out of t\w village with the honourH i>f war,
and were furnished with rations, and permitted to retire to the fort at
Annapohs, on mai<in^ a declaration tiiat they would not hear arms a^^ainst
the Krench at Hcauba.ssin, Chiegnecto or Oobe(|uid, for six montlis. How
was soon afterward-s exchan;,'ed for a Frenchman — one Licroix — who had
been made a prisoner by the English in July, 1715, in Cape Mreton. Five
other prisoners were thrown in with Lacroix, as an e(|uivalent for the
conmiissary, v ho was held in high e.stimation l)y MaHcarene and the
whole Council.
The Imttle of Grand Pn- was, perhaps, the most stubbornly contested
fight that ever took place in Acadie. The success of the French was
entirely due to the suddeniu'ss of the assault, and the circumstance of
their having been provided with snow-shoes, to the u.se of which they
had become so accustomed during their recent marvellously rapid march,
that they could use their weapons with as great facility with them on
their feet as they could have done without them, while their power to
move with fr«!edom over the mounds of snow which encuml)ered the
streets gave (hem a marked advantage <»ver the English, who, not
<lreaming of danger, and all of them, save the solitary sentinel, being in
their bed and asleep, were compelled to tly to their arms in their nhirts
and defend theni.selves as best they could. The gallant Nobles were
killed in their night-dresses, and How was made a prisoner while in a
similar costume. The bowlings of the storm ; the blinding, drifting
snow ; the darkness ; the uncertainty as to who the enemy were ; the
want of knowledge of their numters ; the Hashing of discharging fire-
arms ; the sharp and rapid reports of fusils and muscjuets, and the cries
of the wounded rendered the .scene as picturesque as it was awful ; yet
the Massachusetts men disputed foot by foot the possession of the points
held by them, till daylight brought them a better knowledge of the
enemy, who then began to redouble their ettbrts for victory. Goldthwaite,
by his bold and intrepid bearing, inspired his followers with a like spirit,
and a hand-to-)iand conflict ensued, in which the latter, after some hours
of exhausting conflict, found their movements so clogged and hindered
by the accumulated snow, into which they sunk deeply at every step,
while their racquetted foe moved freely on its surface, that it became
necessary to offer a capitulation.*
*It is notewoi'thy that the later the period of Parkman's writings, the more favour-
able is he to thu Acadians. In Vol. II. of his "Half Century of Conflict," Chap.
XXII. , he gives an account of the affair at Grand Pre from trustworthy sources
(the journal of Beaujeu, and Goldthwaite's letters to Governor Shirley), and without
any partial colouring. Coulon's arrival was a surprise to the hahitaiis as well as to
the English, but he made his way to a house where he saw light, ard found it to be
the scene of we<Ming festivities. He impressed some of the guests into his service
to conduct him to the English officers' quarters, that he might make himself master
112 mSTOHV OK ANNAPfU.IH.
Ordiniincps ro^uliitiiiK the price of cord wihmI wor** n»vive«l hy the
Council, iukI owiii^' to its Hcarcity its «>x)M)rtation wtw prohi)>it«>(l.
I^tt«»rM of nian|iu< Hn<l n'priHal wt^rn ImnikmI to tlu' sliMip Afiirii/n/tl, of
eighty toiiH hurthcn, VVilliani Knox, maHt<>r ; and at th*^ sanie tinio a
proclamation hy (Jovernor Hhirley, of MaHnac-huHnttH, was pul)lislit>d at
Anna{>oliN off'prin>{ a reward for the apprehension of certain persons of
tills province who were accused of treason. Fifty pounds was the
amount of reward, and the names cjf the traitors given were tliose of
Louis (Jautier, and his sons Joseph and Pierre, Amand Hugeau, Joseph
Leblanc, Charles and Francis jtayniond, Cliarles Le Hoy, Joseph Hrouis-
sard, Pierre (Juidry, and Ixiuis Hebert ; the latt<'r of whom had been a
servant to Captain Handfield, of the 40th regiment. They were charged
with having aided and assisted the French and Indian invaders of the
Province contrary to their oaths of fealty to the King of Kngland.
As early as February, 1748, Charles Morris, afterwards the first
Hurveyor-deneral of the Province appointed after the founding of Hali-
fax, recommended Mascarene to form settlements in various sections
of the county by imp<jrting Protestant settlers from the various New
Kngland colonies. 1. Between the basin and St. Mary's Bay, he says,
eighty to (»ne hundred settlers might be located. He speaks of the
.loggin near where Digby now stands, as a place where all the people, at
certain seasons of the year, could catch as man}' s/iad as they pleased,
and says that " no French live in this district." '2. Vrnm the gut to the
Scotch F(»rt — " a place of imp«irtance " — the French possess all the salt-
marsh lands. 3. From the Scotch Fort to what is now called (Jranville
Ferry is occupied by twenty French families. He adds that the marshes
in this district should lie p<;". iHy divided l)etween them and an etjual
number of Knglish settlers, 4. From Annapolis Iloyal to >[oo.se River
only eight French households were then sottled. He thinks that eiyhtij
English families should h'? settled there. He says there are two large
marshes in that locality. 5 and G. From Annapolis eastward and up the
of them first, Imt they led hitn to the wrong phiue, iiiitl lie iMxiiplains that the guides
woiihl not give him any uasistance in tiic attack. Immediately after tiie attack
Rameziiy phed tlie Acadians with threats of the severest i>uni8lm)ent if thej- should
decline to actively aid him, declaring that France hail now recontjUered the country.
Thev replied iti pathetic terms assuring him of tlieir "gi')d heart," their sympathy
as Frenchmen, hut imi>loring him to consiiler their position — exjKjscd to ruin if
they failed in strict loyalty to their masters with whom they had heen in close contact
for so many years. At the same time they sent to Mascarene a copy of Rame/.ay's
letter, l)egging him to consider that they could not avoid answering it as they did,
hut assuring him of their unfaltering loyalty to King George. After this Ramezay
issued anotiier proclamation invoking the death (umalty upon any Acadians who
might refuse to take up arms against the English, and asserting that the Bishop of
QuelMjc lia<l ahsolved them from their oaths. Thus wei'e they threatened on one side
with <leath, and on the other with confiscation and hanishment ; and Shirley boldly
reproaches the Knglish Government for not protecting them with an ade(|uate force
from this ctmstant and cruel pressure from the French, to which he ascribes their
" Huetuating state." — [Kd. ]
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 113
river, lio statos th«'re are two hiiiiiII Hottltfinniits iif tluity Kroiu'li fiiinilics
ciich, witliin hix inilfs of tlwt fornitu' \Ain;v, wlutnt KngliHli .should )»» N(!ttl<>(l.
Twolvc years aftiM-wards tliis advicit culiiiinated in fruition under
proc'lainatioii of (Ittveruor l<iiwr<>Mco, but not until after the )>x|iuisioii
of the hiilntiiuH an act wliieli might not have Ixien iwceHHary if Morris'
plan had heen at once mlopted.
On the first day of June, 1748, His Majesty's ship ifahim and two
arniHil schooners arriveil at Annapolis with ston's for the garrison, and
were placed at the disposal of the (iovernnient. They were, shortly
afterwards, employed in (convoying a vesstfl, laden with merchandise,
to Minas, the protreeds of the sale of which were to he paiti to those
persons who had supplied provisions to Colonel Noble's troops stationed
at (irand Pn- in l7U)-47. The two armed 8ch«H>nerH referred to were,
[irobably, the AuMon, conuuanded by Captain John Beare, and the
Warri'n, of seventy tons, under the command of Captain ,Fonathan
[)avis. They proved of great servici! in assisting to keep the French
inhabitants at the head of the Bay of Fundy under some sort of control.
The war which had existed between France and England <luiing
the preceding four years was terminated this year by the Treaty
of Aix-la-Chapelle, by which the Island of Cape Breton vas again
restored to the Crown of Franco. In the autumn several vess,>;s loaded
with warlike stores came to Annapolis from Ixjuisburg, and the Anmn
and Warren returned to Boston, carrying with them a portion of the
auxiliary troops which had been furnished by New England for the
defence of the Province during the continuance of the late war.
Peace brought comparative rest to the garrison of the old capital, and
the inauguration of a new condition of artairs in Nova Scotia generally.
During the several recent investments of Annapolis, many private
hou.ses and other buildings had lieen torn down by the orders of the
commander-in-chief, to secure the safety of the fort; and early in 1749
several persons put in claims for compensation for the losses which they
had sustained in consequence. Among the claimants are to be found the
names of Skene, E. J. Phillips, William Shirrett" and John Hamilton.
They were instructed to make oath to the amounts of their respective
losses, and were assured by Mascarene that he would apply to the parent
(xovernment for their payment. The proclamation of the peace was
formally published at Annapolis in June, and it now only remained to
obtain the submission of the Indians, who, for a time, seemed inclined
to continue the strife on their own account.
I have already hinted that the condition of affairs in the colony was
about to undergo a considerable change, a change which was destined
to affect the interests of the old capital in a very markfnl manner, and
that allusion had reference to the foundation of Halifax, which was
8
114 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
tlienceforward to hf, the seat of government. Soon after the arrixal of
Cornwa'lis at Chebucto, Coh)nel Mascarene, no longer the administrator
of tlie Government, and five members of the Council were summoned to
wait upon the new governor at Chebucto Bay, on the ahores of which
the new capital was proposed to be built. On the 14th of July, 1749,
Cornwallis appointed a new Council, among whose names we find that
of Mascaiene. The first act of this Board was to advise the Govei'nor to
summon all the house-joiners, masons, and other mechanics from Annapolis,
and to employ them in the construction of the dwellings required for
the numerous .settlers whom he had brought out from England with him.
The French, having undertaken to build a fort near the mouth of the
St. John River, the ship Albany, Captain John Rous, and another
armed vessel called the Boston, of Massachusetts, were ordered to
Annapolis, where the commanding officer in charge was required to
furnish the soldiers necessary to complete the expedition, which was then
to proceed to the St. John, and drive out the French if they should be
found there, and destroy their works. Major Erasmus James Phillips
now resigned his commission as King's Advocate in the Court of Vice-
Admiralty, an office which he had held for twenty years, having been
appointed in 1729.
The deputies from the French settlements having been ordered to
proceed to the new headquarters to take an unqualified oath of allegiance,
arrived at Halifax on the 9th August. Those sent from the Annapolis
uihabitants were Alexandre Hebert and Joseph Dugas. On the 24tli
August Edward How, who had been absent from the Province on service,
was resworn as member of the new Council, and sent as a civil commis-
sioner with Rous' expedition to the R'ver St. John, to which he was of
great use in negotiating with the Indians in that (juarter, whom he
succeeded in inducing to renew their old treaty of amity with the
English. This renewtal took place in Halifax, and Mr. How was sent
back with the Indian delegates, the bearer of presents for the sachems
who should formally ratify the treaty made on their behalf. Mascarene
returned to Annapolis to resume the command there on the 4th of Sep-
tember, and immediately sent a detachment of the garrison consisting of
one hundred men, a captain, and two subalterns, to Grand Pre. This
act was in obedience to the order of Cornwallis, who also directed that
the block-house on Dauphin Street should be taken down and removetl
to Horton. there to be re erected, and, with the buildings used as barracks,
to be thoroughl}' palisaded as a protection against possible Indian attacks.
Two vessels, owned respectively by the estate of VVinniett* and a Mr.
Donnell, of Annapolis, were attacked at Chiegnecto by the Indians,
' Reproseiited by Josepli Winniett, son of the late councillor, William VVinniett.
TTis brother Matthew'.? nimie iii)])eaif4 as a witncsH to the Indian treaty of 1749.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 115
and in tlie conflict that ensued seven of the latter and three of the
crews were killed. The savages were, therefore, defeated in their pur-
pose and the vessels saved to their owners. It was supposed that the
Indians were incited to this outrage by Le Loutre, whose hatred of tlie
English knew no bounds, and seized every possible occasion to manifest
itself.
Early in June, 1750, the French of the Annapolis River sent two of
their number — Jacques Alichel and Charles Prejean — with a petition to
Cornwallis, asking leave to retire from the Province, but their recjuest was
i-efused. The memorialists alleged that they "never had considered
themselves subjects of the King of New England."
Major Charles Lawrence now became Lieutenant-Colonel of the
regiment, and was made Lieutenant-Governor of the town of Annapolis,
though it is not certain that he ever became a resident there. H.M.S.
Hound, Captain Dove, while on her way to the northern shores of the Bay
of Fundy, had a number of her crew captured while on shore by hostile
Indians, and about the same time Captain Rous arrived at Annapolis in
command of six sloops which, after taking on board cargoes of supplies
from the storehouses, then proceeded to Minas and Chiegnecto for the use
of the garrisons at those places. A little later on in the season Rous,
who was master of the ship Albany, had a spirited fight with an armed
French brigantine in the Bay of Fundy, in which he had one midship-
man and two .seamen killed ; the enemy lost five. The action lasted some
time and was bravely fought, but resulted in a victory for the gallant
llous, who captured his antagonist and took her into Halifax as a
prize — probably the first brought into that place.
It was in this year also that Edward How, .so long and conspicuously
eminent in this period of our provincial history, met with his unmerited
and melancholy death. This lamented event occurred at Chiegnecto on
the 15th of October, 1750. It appears that La Corne, who commanded
on the north or French side of the Missiguash River, sent an officer with
a flag of truce to the river's bank, and asked for a parley with How, who,
from the opposite shore, held a conference of some length. At its close,
and without the slightest warning, a volley of fire-arras from a party of
French and Indians, or of Indians alone, was heard, and he was seen to
fall pierced through the heart. The infamy of this cowardly act rests
mainly on the priest Le Loutre.* In his despatch to the Lords of Trade
and Plantations, Cornwallis calls it "an act of treachery and barlmrity
not to be paralleled in history," while Murdoch in his work, Vol. II., pp.
193, 194, mys:
*Parknian wlio was very hostile tp Le Lowtre, saya this oharge against iiiiii,
universally believed, ''has not been proved." ("A Half Century of Conflict,"' p.
107.) Most autjiorities agree tiuil no Frencli were directly concerned.— [ Ki>.]
116 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS.
"The esteem he won while living, the general usefulness of his conduct an iirr
early fountler of our colony, and the cruel circumstances of his death coniniuud
his memory to us, who enjoy peaceful, prosperous homes, for the security and
iomfort of which we are bound to be grateful to those who pioneere<l tlie way lit
the earlier periods u.idor many and serious disadvantages."
In July the sloop New Cnsco, Captain Taggart, was sent to Annapolis
with provisions and other stores, which were to be forwarded to Chieg-
necto by another ship, wliile the former was to convey Colonel Mascarene
to Boston, to which place he had been ordered to as.sist Governor Shirley
in a negotiation with the hostile Indians for the renewal of a general
peace. Returning in September, the Neiv Casco, the Ulysses and Law-
rence were employed in the transport of the needful supplies to the
garrisons up the bay.
Fort Lawrence was now (1752) directed to be repaired, for whicli
purpose palisades and all necessary materials and implements were
ordered to be forwarded from Annapolis, which seems to have been
used as a convenient depot from which to supply the wants of the
forts and garrisons in the Bay of Fundy districts. This summer wit-
nessed a fashionable wedding in the old capital. Owing to the absence
of a clergyman, the Governor granted a license to John Handfield,
the military commander of the fort and Justice of the Peace for the
Province, to perform the marital rites for his daughter Mary Handfield,
and John Hamilton, a lieutenant in the 40th, now Cornwallis' regiment,
who had some time before been made a prisoner by the Indians and
carried to Quebec, and who had recently been ransomed from his
captivity. The garrison had no chaplain at this time, and there was
no Protestant clei'gyman in the county. Des Enclaves was the priest
of the French people, and continued to be their spiritual adviser until
their forcible expulsion in 1755.
In November, 1753, Captain Handfield was notified that the admin-
istration of the public affairs htul devolved upon the Honourable Charles
Lawrence, in the absence of Governor Hopson, who had gone to England,
being in ill health, and in consequence unable longer to remain at his
post. Erasmus J. Phillips continued to live at Annapolis, where he
acted as Commissary of Musters. The town was now often visited by
the sloops, which were employed by the Government in carrying pro-
visions and munitions of war to the various garrisons, and in convey-
ing the officers of the garrison and their families from and to the fort
as necessity or occasion required. The Indians, excited by Le Loutre,
still remained hostile, and continued their depredations upon the English
inhabitants, keeping them in a continual state of alarm and anxiety.
In the following year Monsieur du Chambon du Verger became
commandant at Beau Sejour. He was the .son of Du Chambon, who'
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 117
conducted the defence of Louisburj^, in 1745, and was a lineal descendant
of Anne Latour, that lady having been his grandmother. His father
was married at Port Royal in 1709 — the year before its surrender to
Nicholson. Some of the French settlers of the Annapolis valley went
to aid Du Charabon in completing the fort above named, contrary to
the orders of the Council, and the deputies of the district were ordered
to furnish the names of those who had done so.
The grand event in the history of these unfortunate people is now at
hand; its shadow has even fallen upon them; a few months more and
their sad fate will have overtaken them, and the homesteads, which
they had loved so well, will have passed from their proprietorship and
occupancy forever. It had been re.solved by Cornwallis that as soon as
proper provisions vry.re made for the safety, comfort and government
, of the people of the new colony at Halifax, the French should be
called upon to subscribe an utiqualijied oath of allegiance to the Crown
.if England. He acctrdingly required them to send deputies to meet
him and his Council, in July, 1749, when he told them His Majesty's
pleasure concerning them should be made known. Alexandre Hebert
and Joseph Dugas, having been chosen by the Annapolis habitans, met
the Council on the Slst July, and stated, in conjunction with the deputies
from the other settlements, that they would take the oath required if a
clause exempting them from bearing arms in case of war should be
intrtxiuced into it as before, and the free exercise of their faith be
guaranteed. His Excellency and the Council, while willing to concede
the latter request, firmly declared to them that they would be required
to take an oath without a clause of exemption or limitation.
In May, 1750, Charles Prejean and Jacques Michel, of Annapolis
Royal, presented a petition from the people of that district, asking
leave to retire from the Province. These men were not deputies, and
having refused to state why the memorial was not presented by those
officers instead of themselves, the petition was not received ; but Corn-
wallis .sent a paper to them, in the French language, in which ho
stated to them the following facts : " We know that a forced service
is worth nothing, and that a subject compelled to be so against his will,
is not very far from being an enemy. . . . This Province is your
country; you and your fathers have cultivated it; naturally you ought
yourselves to enjoy the fruits of your labour. . . . You know that
we have done everything to secure you, not only the occupation of your
lands, Ijut their ownership forever." The paper deserves to be tran-
.scribed in full, but its great length renders its transcription impossible.
It assigns reasons why leave to quit the country should not be granted
to the petitioners, and urges upon them the duty of becoming faithful
servants and subjects of the Crown of Great Britain, and assures them
118 HISTORY OF AXNAPOLIS,
that their Vjest interests demand such a course. But all the influences
of argument and reason, as well as of ease and self-interest, were
rendered nuj,'atury by the counsels of their priests and other advisers,
who assured their simple flocks that France was about to retake the
Province, when they would be relieved from the evils under which they
now groaned, and made forever secure from the rule of their conquerors.
They therefore refused to accept the terms reiiuired by the Governor and
Council until it was too late to avoid the disastrous conse<juences.
The first intimation of an intention to remove the French from their
lands and homes occurs in Lawrence's letter to the Lords of Trade,
under date of August 1st, 1754. In this despatch he writes ;
" Tlit'V have not for a long time brought anything to our markets, hut, on the
other hand, luive carried everything to the Frencli and Indiatis, whom they iuive
always assisted with ])rovisions, tjuarters and intelligenee ; and, indeed, while they,
rcnuiin witho\it taking the oath of allegiance (which they nevei' will do till they aie
forced), and iuive incendiary Frencli priests among tiieni, tliere is no hope of their
amendment. As they possess the best and largest tracts of land in tlie Province,
it cannot he settled wliile they remain in tliis situation, ami tliough I would be
very far from attempting such a step witliout your lordships' approliation, yet
I cannot helj) being of opinion that it would be much better, if they refused the
oath, thai tin 1/ irt-rc. aimi/.''
On tiie 1.3th of July, 1755, the deputies of the French of the valley
of Annapolis, with those of the people of the other settlements, assembled
in obedience to the orders of Lawrence, to be informed of the final
determination of the Government regarding them ; and on the 25th the
Governor laid before the Council, and Admirals Mostyn and Boscawen,
a memorial signed by 207 of the inhabitants of Annapolis and vicinity.
In this document the petitioners say :
"We unanimously agreed to deliver up our fire-arms to Mr. Handtield, our
worthy commander, altliough we liave not hiul any desire to make use of them
against His Majesty's (lovernnient. We have therefore nothing to reproach
ourselves with, either on that subject, or on the subject of the fidelity that Me owe
to His Majesty's (lovernment. For, sir, we can assure your Excellency tliat
several of us have risked our lives to give information to tiie Government concern-
ing the enemy, and have, also, when necessary, laboured witli all oiu" heart on the
repairs of Fort Annapolis, and on other works considered necessary by the (JoNern-
raent, and are ready to continue with the same fidelity. We have also selected
thirty men to proceed to Halifax, whom we shall recommend to do and say nothitig
contrary to His Majesty's Council ; but we shall charge them sti'ictly t<j contract
no new oath. We are resolved to adhere to that which we have taken, and to
which we have been faithful so far as circumstances required it ; for the enemies
of His Majesty have urged us to take up arms against tlie (iovernmeiit, but we
have taken care not to do so."
The deputies, who were the bearers of this memorial, were called
before the Council and asked what more they had to say. They
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 119
unanimously replied that they "appeared on behalf of themselves, and
all thfi other inhabitants of Annapolis River, and would not take any
oath other than what they had taken ; " adding that " if they were to
be foiced to leave their lands they hoped to be allowed a convenient
time for their departure."
At this conference man}'([uestions were put and answered, and reasons
urged to induce the petitioners to compliance ; but they were determined
to adhere to their resolution. They were told that if they now refused
to accept the oath "fchey would never aft(!r be permitted to take it, but
would infallitjly lose their possessions." They were then given until the
next Monday at ten of the clock to ct^nsider the matter ; ))ut on the
expiration of the time they announced that they had not changed their
minds, and wen> resolved to adhere to their determination. Then it was,
after this final resolution was thus defiantly attii ined, that their expatria-
tion was decided upon, and the following Lettei- of Instructions drawn up
and sent to the commandants of the garrisons at Annapolis, Chiegnecto,
Piziquid, Miiias and Cobeiiuid. The following is the text of that sent to
Handfield at Annajjolis. It is dated at Halifax, August 1 1th, 1755 :
" Instructions for Major Joliii HaiulHold, c()iiiiiiaii(liii<^ His Majesty's garrison of
Annapolis Royal in relation to tlie transportation of the inliabitants of tlie tliatricts
of Annapolis Hiver and the otlicr French inlial>itants out of the Province of Nova
Scotia.
"Sir, — Having in iny letter of tlie 31st Jnly last niaile yon aciinainted with the
reasons which induced His Majesty's (.'ouncil to come to the resohition of sending
away the Frencli inhal>itants, and clearing the whole country of such l)ad suhjects,
it only renuiins for nie to give you the necessary oi'ders for the putting in |>ractice
what has been so solenuily doterniined.
"That the inliahitants may not have it in their power to return to this province
nor to join in strengthening the French in Canada or Louisbui'g, it is resolved that
tiiey should bo dispersed among His Majesty's subjects in the colonies upon the
t'ontinent of America. For this purpose transports arc ordered to be sent from
Boston to Annapolis to ship on board one thousaml persons, reckoning two persons
to a ton ; and for (,'hiegnccto, transports have been taken up htn to carry off the
inliabitants of that j)Iace ; and for those of the districts around Minas Basin trans-
ports are ordered from Boston.
" As Annapolis is the last place where the transports will depart from, any of
tlie vessels that may not receive their full comi)lenient up the bay will be ordered
there ; and Colonel Winslow, with his detachment, will follow by land and bring up
what stragglers may be met with to ship on boaril at your place.
"Upon the arrivals of the vessels from Boston in the Basin of Annapolis, as
many of the inhabitants of Annapolis District as can be collected by any means,
particularly the heads of families and .young men, are to \k shipped on Ijoard at
the at>ove rate of two passengers to a ton, or as near it as possible. The tonnage
of the vessels to bo ascertained by the charter-parties which the master will furnish
yon with an account of.
" And to give you all the ease po.ssible respecting the victualling of these trans-
ports, I have appointed Mr. (Jeorge Saul to act as agent victualler upon this occasion,
120 FIISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS.
and luivu givun him imrticuliii' iiiHtrm'tioim for llml {lUi'iKme, with a copy of which
he will furnish you \\\mu his arrival at Aunapolis Hoyal, from Chiugneiito, with the
provisions for victualling the whole transports. But in case you should have
»hii)pcd any of the inhabitants Iwfore his arrival, you will order tive pounds of tioui-
and one pound of pork to be delivered to each so shippeil, to last for seven days,
and so on till .Mr. Saul's arrival, and it will be replaced by him into the stores from
what he has on lH)ard the provision vessels for that purpose.
" Destination of the inhabitants of Annaix>lis River, and of the tran.sports
ordered to Annapolis Basin :
" To be sent to Philadelphia, .such a number of vessels as will trans]>ort thi'ee
hundred per.sons.
"To be sent to New V'oik, such a number of vessids as will transport twn
hundred persons.
" To be sent to Connecticut, such a mimber of vessels (whei'eof the sloop JJoiv,
Samuel Forlnjs, is to be one) as will tr.' nsport three hundred persons; and
" To Boston, such a number of vessels as will transport two hundred per.sons (or
rather more in proportion to the Province of Connecticut), slundd the number to
ship off exceed n thousand persons.
" When the jieople are embarked you will please to give the master of each
vessel one of the letters (of which you will receive a number signed by me), which
you will address to the Governor of the Province, or the Comniander-in-ohief for the
time being, where they are to be put on shore, and endorse them on the printeil
form of the certificate to be granted to the masters of the vessels, to entitle them to
their hire as agi'eed u[Min by their charter-party ; and with these you will give each
of the masters their sailing orders in writing to pi'ocee<l according to the above
destination, and u}K)n their arrival immediately to wait on the (Jovernor or Com.
mander-in-chief of the provinces to which they are l)ound with the said letters, and
to make all possible despatch in debarking their passengers, and obtaining certifi-
cates thereof agreeable to the form aforesaid ; and you will in these orders make it
a particular injunctiim to the said masters to be as careful and watchful as possible
during the whole course of the passage, to prevent the passengers making any
attem))t to seize upon the vessels, by allowing only a small imniber to be upon the
decks at one time, and all other necessary precautions to prevent the bad conse-
([uence.s of such attempts; and that they be particularly careful that the inhabitants
carry no arms, nor other offensive weapons on board with them at their end>arkation,
as also that they see the provisions regularly issued to the people agreeable to the
allowance proportioned in Mr. (ieorge Saul's instructions.
" You will use all the means necessary for collecting the people together, so as to
get them on board. If you find that fair means will not do it with them, you must
proceed by the most vigorous measures po.ssible, not only in compelling them to
embark, but in de])riving those who escape of all means of shelter or support, by
burning their houses and destn)ying everything that may afford them the means of
subsistence in the country ; and if you have not force sufficient to perform this
service, Colonel Winslow, at Minas, or the commanding officer there, will, upon
your application, send you a proper reinforcement.
" Vou will .see by the charter-parties of the vessels taken up at Boston, that
they are hired by the mouth, whei-efore I am to desire that you will use all
possible despatch to save expense to the public.
"As .soon as the people are shi]>ped and the tran.sports are read j' (to sail) you
will ac()uaint the commander of His Majesty's ship therewith, that he take them
under ci>nvoy, and put to .sea without loss of time."'
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 121
Tliese instructions were successfully carried out hy Major Handfield,
iind the month of (Ictober witnessed the departure of the last ship witli
its freight of unsul)mitting Frenchmen. The ve.ssels employed in the
tiansportation of these unfortunates from their homes and the land of
theii' nativity were :
1. Tiie sloop Sarah and Molley, James Purrinton, master, which
carried the number a.ssigned to het to Virginia.
2. The sloop Three Friends, James Carlile, master, whose living freight
was landed in Philadelphia. This vessel was owned by Thomas Curtis,
and was employed four months, at thirty-six pounds, sixteen shillings
per month.
.'?. The sloop Hannah, Richard Adams, master and owner. She also
landed her cargo at Philadelphia.
4. The sloop Sivan, Jonathan Loviett, master and owner. She had
lieen chartered at forty-four pounds, sixteen shillings a month, and was
employed during three months and one-half. H i- passengers were also
landed in Philadelphia.
5. The ship llopson, Edward Whitewood, master, and was the largest
A'essel engaged in this service. She was owned by James Griffin, and
was the last to sail from Annapolis, having left that port in October.
She was paid for six months' employment at seventy-seven pounds per
montli. Her cargo was taken to South Carolina.
Very little is known of the occurrences that marked the collecting
together and embarkation of these people. There can be no reasonable
douVjt, however, that they did not differ materially from those which took
place at Grand Pre, Chiegnecto and elsewhere. Even the traditions of
this event, which were more or less familiar to the second and third
generations succeeding it, have faded away and disappeared, though the
descendants of some of the families whose progenitors were eye-witnesses
of it, or actors in it — as the Eassons and Lecains — yet survive and
continue to reside in the county. Traditional memories of it may, and
probably do, exist among the French people of Digby and Yarmouth,
for its occurrences were, by their nature and circumstances, calculated to
make a deeper and more lasting impression upon those who endured their
hardships than upon those who caused them.
Thomas Miller in his " Historical and Genealogical Record " of the
County of Colchester (p. 8), in relating the story of a French girl who
had escaped being shipped with the Cobequid people, and who, under the
guidance of ca friendly Indian, had been waiting in the forests for a
month on the north shores of the basin for a favourable chance to make
her escape to the settlements on the Miramichi, says : " At length they
were joined by about twenty of the French inhabitants who had escaped
from Annapolis. These persons informed them that the houses and crops
122 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
in Aimaptilis were burnt by the HoklierN who were sent up the river to
brinj,' them into the sliips. Some Hod to tlie wcjods ; .some, besides this
piirty, crossed the bay intending to go to Miramielii through the wo(»ds."
Notwithstanding all the measures adopted and moans used, it is
certain that a considerable number of the Annapolis hnlntann avoided
capture. Lawrence informed Shirley, in a letter addressed to him in the
following February, that "alK>ut five hundred of the inhabitants arc still
lurking alx)ut the woods ; " and some of these were, undoubtedly, in
hiding near the valley which had, till so recentlj', been the scene of their
labours and of their alleged disloyalty.
In the spring of 1756, a vessel laden with provisions, which she was
in the act of conveying from lioston to Ann. polis, was captured by the
Indians in Passamaciuwldy Hay, an event which Shirley tells Lawrence
is "a very unfortunate atiair, as it will yield the Fiench and their
Imlians a very considerable support." He trusted that the sloop of war
Vulture, then cruising in the Bay of Fundy, might succeed in recapturing
her, but it does not appear that his hopes were gratified in that respect.
General Amhurst now informed Lawrence that he had ordered two
hundred and fifty provincial trimps to be sent to Annapolis to enable it
to resist any attack that might be attempted during the sunnner by those
of the French who still remained in the colony. That a sutticient number
of them had been left to cause apprehension of such an event seems to
be a fact, and one which was fraught with no degree of pleasure to
the administrator of the (Government, for in a letter to the Lords of
Trade, dated in March, 1757, he .says : " We are extremely sorry to find
that, notwithstanding the great expense which the public has been at in
removing the French inhabitants, there should yet be enough of them
remaining to disturb the settlements and to interrupt and obstruct our
parties passing from one place to another ; it is certainly very much to be
wished that they could be entirely driven out of the peninsula."
A new condition of affairs was, liowever, soon to be l)rought about, Vjy
which all fears from this source were to be finally and fully allayed. A
venturous and Lardy band of immigrants from the older colonies will
soon take possession of the lands of the old French proprietors — a band
of men who would, when necessary, be ready and able to defend
themselves and their new homes against all enemies — of men by whose
strong arms and indomitable wills many a wilderness should be made " to
blossom as the rose," and become centres of peape, .security and wealth.
But the events developed by this change, and those which attended it,
shall be recounted in future chapters.
CHAPTER IX.
liij III' Kiliiii,-.
The seizure iind (lisjK'rKidn of tin' Aiiidiimn rcvieweil and consiflerefl.
WE liave seen that oui- autlior closed his history of the county at
laij^e, ill order to take up tliat of its townships and settlements
separately, at tlie point of time marked hy the event known in history, by
a not very correct terminology, as " tlie expulsion of the Acadians." I
say, not very correct, because an expulsion means a (h-iving out, and they
cannot l)e said to have Vjeen driven out wlio were always, in the contingency
which arose, willing, nay, anxious to go ! With the clearer light thrown
on that event l>y the more recent discovery oi', at least, publication of
documents and relations h)ng unknown to the general reader,* it does
not seem expedient for me to pass by the subject without some further
comment, even at the risk f)f advancing some opinions and asserting some
conclusions at variance witli those of the esteemed author. Governor
Lawrence, first, by an arbitrary fiat, ai. I without assigning to them any
reason, depri\'ed the Acadians of all their arms, which they surrendered
with prompt oliedience to the officers charged to receive them. Then he
summoned fifteen delegates from their settlements to a conference on the
subject of an umiualified oath uf allegiance to the King of England, and
on the refusal of these delegates, after considerable discussion, to agree to
this proposal without first going back and consulting their constituents,
they were immediately thrust into prison, on George's Island. Aftei'
this tliey offered for themselves to take the oath, but were told it was
too late ; and were kept confined until the transportation and dispersion
of their families and neighbours, planned by the Governor, had Ijeen
accomplished. Then they themselves were similarly shipped away to a
* Haliburton, when writing his history, complains that (locunients l)earing on
this subject wei'e not to be found in the archives at Halifax, " as if the parties to it
were, as they well might be, ashamed of the transaction" (V^ol, I., p. 196). Even
friendly critics have recently questioneil this statement, but its truth has been
aV>undantIy proven by Richard, in his " Acailia : Missing Links in a Lost Chapter
of American History." See particularly Vol. II., pp. 104, 105, 146. Despatches
are found without the replies, and nee. rer.in. Id. Vol. II., pp. 42, 46, 47, 302 ; see
also Vol. I., p. 169. Akins published in the archives duplicates found in London of
originals that ought to have been in Halifax.
124 HISTDItV OK ANNAPOLIS.
«i«Htiniitiim nut (Icpcndont on tliOHO to which theii' t'aiiiilios ami lelativos
ini^ht hiiv«' Immmi sent. After tht! iiupiisomiu'nt of tlu'so tirst »iel»'j{iitps ii
fresh HUinruoiis wiih issued for one hundred more to attend-— a very Iar;{e
number, the object of whicli the Acadians could not divine. lUit the
call was, as usual, promptly responded to, and ainon>; the hundred were
thirty from Annapolis, whose reply to (lovernor I^vwrence's demand we
have just read. In none of the interviews between these lx)die8 of
delej,'ates and the Governor and Council (h)es it appear that the latter
«ver cited any specific instances disproving; the allej^ations made by the
Acadians in their own defence. The (lovernor dealt va>,'ueiy in severe
charges of a >,'eneral nature against the Acadians as a body, their
uselessness as subjects, their allej,'ed sympathy with the enemy, their
motives and their sincerity. Overawed, abashed and terrified by the
invectives of their powerful accuser, everythinj,' they advanced treated as
an insult to the Government, the delegates, as mij^ht be expected, stood
mute before the Council, and did not even venture to plead the highly
meritorious services their people had rendered to the Crown at the
garrison of Annapolis during Du Vivier's siege and on other occasions ;
and the hundred, after stating that their constituents were willing to
give up their lands and migrate rather than take an oath which would
compel them to bear arms against their kindred, and recjuesting reasonable
time to remove from the country, were, in their turn, imprisoned,
as their predecessors were, to be shortly shipped away in the same
manner, all the delegates from the several settlements being sent to ,
North Carolina, and their wives and children to Pennsylvania, New
York, Connecticut and Massachusetts.* Little dreamed they when they
left their families to proceed on the important mission to which they
had been invited, that the separati(»n was to be eternal, except by mere
chance, and after years of wandering with no clue to guide them to the
missing ones, and that the call to Halifax of the chiefs of the people
was only designed to render those left behind, already disarmed, more
helpless to resist or escape the supreme crisis that was awaiting
the doomed settlements. In this county the order to deprive any
who might escape the capture of all means of shelter and subsistence by
burning their habitations, was rigidly executed. t Instructions were
not given that whole families should be taken as much as possible
together ; the oi-der to ship oflF the heads of families and young men by
the first transports was inconsistent with any such mingling of humane
methods in a most inhuman transaction, and we have no means of know-
ing whether the humanity of the commandant at Annapolis prompted
•See Nova Scotia Archives, p. 280, and ante, Chap. VIII., p. 120.
t Haliburton's " Hiatory of Nova Scotia," Vol. I., p. 181, note. Miller's
"Colchester County," cuioted ante, p. 121.
HISTORV OK ANNAIVJLI.S. 125
him to make t\w tjffort to tluvt fiul, that Colonol Winslow ptofuHHcd
to make, but did not accomf)lish, iit (irand Pn'-. We have no reaHon to
iinaj^ine that lit^ was U'sh siMisitive ti> the natiiic <tf th(! proccedinj^ in
whifli h(( was en^jaged than the New England ooloru'l ; l)Ut, as an otlicer,
hi« duty was to o\)ey without (pKwtiou the order of his .superiors, as tiie
duty of liis subalterns and men was to obey his. Tlie Honouiabie (after-
wards Sir) Brooke* Watson, who sujmrintendoil the seizure aixl dt'porta-
ti<tn of some Acadians at Haie Verte, speaks of his share in the transac-
tion in a letter of July 1st, 1771, to Rev. Dr. IJrown, with ;,'reat pain.
His orders were to burn the Acadian town, and he says he fears that
" some families in that place were divided and sent to different parts of
the j^lobe."* It is notorious that families were separated into frag-
ments in every settlement, mothers from babes in arms excepted ; the
contrary would not have comj)orted with the policy of the measure,
which was not simply t<f remove or drive the Acadians to new homes,
but to forever and entirely deprive them of homes. Anxious themselves
to remove if attbrded the opportunity, the object of (Jovernor I^awrence
was to extinguish and annihilate them as a people. The intention was
that they sliould be landed in as small groups as their aggregate numbers
would permit, on the shores of the various North American colonies,
where such of them as were able n)U8t be compelled to work in order to
live, while their children would be apprenticed, as pauper children are,
and nece.ssarily in English and Protestant households, where they would
perforce lose their nationality, their religion and their language.! This
feature of the case reminds one of the shipments to New England and
reduction into slavery among the colonists, of the Scotch prisoners whom
Cromwell captured at the battle of Dunbar, in 1650, and a further
large consignment of similar unfortunates in the following year. The
details of all the subsecjuent treatment of the neutrals were left to the
authoritie.'j of the various provinces in which they were to be landed, the
governors being instructed by circulars from Governor Lawrence " to
receive and dispose of them in such manner as may best answer our
design in preventin;/ their reunion." The reader will remark, not their
return merely, but their reunion as well. Tt retjuired the genius of a
Longfellow lo portray in strains of song, but anyone can imagine, the
story of " Lvangeline," and of many Evangelines ; and the actual
*Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., ytyK 131, 132.
t On iiKjuiring for entries relating to my own name in the recoi-d.s of a Mussa-
chusetts town, I was furnished witli the deiitli of " Mary Savory, French neutral,
pauper, very aged." What a tale did it not suggest ! Sudden descent fiom happy
tompetency to degrading want, and fruitless searches by frienils and I'elatives.
Will the recent apologists say wluit urinio this woman had committed to call
down this terrible retribution? (Jan it be found in the "letters of French
f.'<)vernor8," of " ))ishop8 and priests," and "military and naval and civil servants
of the French Crown," mentioned in Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. VII., p. 132
Here I may remark that 1 am not of Acadian or any other French descent.
126 HIST(HIV OK ANNAI'OLIS.
Nittfcritigs and cru(*l lot of th<> vt'ticruhlc iind loytil U)-ii<' lo illiiiic* iippoiih
with ronistloHH force to our scntinu'ntH of justioo iiiui tlic instinctM <if
liumauity. Wf cannot follow tin- wit'tcluHl iii\(i licart-lniikcn fxilcs in
thfir (iiH|MM'.sioii, nof it'<(»unt tin* (iciitliH on th»> way, nor MjM'culaU' <in tho
(|(iatlis from liist-aHcs, contraetcii in crowded holds of vessels, where no
sanitary or even dennit arrangements could he provided or were
attempted ; the deaths from hardships and [irivations afterwards, and
the lin^erin^ anri in some cases life long a),'ony of separated memhers of
a family iixjuiring and searchin)^ for each other throughout the con-
tinent, amonj,' an alien j»oople for the most part unsympathetic or
indifferent ; and the almost interminable journeys of detached jijroups,
wholly destitute, seeking to make tlitir way to some place of rest among
people congenial in languagi and religion, or di8{)OHe(J to extend
sympathy and charity to a rohl)ed and ruined people. The mortality
resulting from this measure exceeded many fold that of the massacre of
(rjencoe, to which in so many aspects it may Im* likened. Hut, one fell
and fatal stroke liegan and soon ended the horrors of that ghastly night
in the valley of the Cona, whereas the wretched relics of a cargo of
Acadian exiles, decimated by disea,se, were lefused a landing on the
coast of an Atlantic colony, wher<^ the feast of death might have been
stayed, while more than one ship with her living freight foundered and
went down in mid-ocean, mercifully extinguishing the suHerings of many
a victim, but aggravating the misery of kins-people, who, ignorant of
their fate, sought traces and tidings of the j)erished ones till liope with
life itself was closed. A wail like that which arose from tlie bracken
(»n that winter morning of woe, broke forth sixty-five years later Uineath
the blaze of a September sun in the scenes amidst which I now write,
and as if dissevered into repeated and multiple echoes, assailed the ears
and challenged the sympathy of man in every settled portion of the
American continent and the islands adjacent. As occasional effoits are
made in these days to justify or find a plausible excuse for a trans-
action condemned from the first by the universal judgment and
conscience of mankind, a brief review of it will not Ix' out of place in
these pages. American writers of the last generation were in the habit
of treating the episode as a characteristic piece of British tyranny.
Sabine, presuming the responsibility of the British Government and the
motive to vindicate " the majesty of England," says that " deeds of
darker hue have seldom been done." Tt is a noticeable coincidence that
as more searching investigations revealed gradually the fact that the
* Ront5 le Hlanc'.s loyalty hail been thoroughly tried and proved, and he had
suffered nuioh from tlie liostlle French and Indians for his service to the Crown. At
a very iulvanced age he was landed in New York with his wife and two youngest
<:hildien, tlie remaining eighteen of tlie latter being scattered all over the sea-
board colonies.
insTOUV OF ANNAPOLIS. 127
mlii-iiH' ori^iiiiiUMl with Coloiu-l Ijiiwrt'iitr, tlii- lloviTiiur ill Halifiix, iiidtd
iiriil siip|M>rt*>(l hy ii Council nf four, of whom tlin'«»* at U'list wen'
hostoiiiaiiM, iiml that the niitinli (iovcnimciit were not only innucftit
of all ronipliuity in it, but ij,'noiant fvcii of any sui-h purpose until after
its i'oini)l»*t«' ♦*x«cution, a oliaii),'*' cani*' gradually ovfT the sentiments of
this elass of critics, notalily exempliHed in Parkman's brilliant and
seihictive pa«es. Dr. II. Y. Ilind.t of Windsor, a f<'\v years aj{o copied
from the archives of the Htate House at Uoston, a do(!ument never
previmisly referred to hy writers on the sul)j«ct, which \ here pul)liHh
for the first time in permanent form. J It is the substance of a petition
froni the Le^^islature of Massachusetts to tlio kinj^, dated January ."list,
ITTjO. First expressing "sincere and hearty thanks" for the protection
atForded His Majesty's dominions on this continent, it proceeds :
" N'lim- .MujcMty's HuWjects in this proviruto were ^reiitly Min-prixtMl when they we.'o
infoiiiird tliiit the Kieiich liiiil pri'siiiiieil lo lay I'luiin, not only to the greater part of
llif I'liiviricc of Nova Scotia, Imt also to a part of tile territorys gianled l)y the royiil
chartei- of King U'illiani and t^uoen .Mary to the inhaiiitants of thiH province.
" We saw with roMi'fiii I lie piojection.t of the French to exlenil their settleinenti
on the l>ack of your .MajcNtyV coJonicK from the month of the MiftsisHippi as fai' nortli
iirt the River St. Lawrence, but we hail no appreiiension that they would endeavoui'
in an}" otiier way than by force of aitns to sejiarate yoin' Majesty's jiossessiotM
on the s(>a-('oast. It is higldy pi-ohahle that they are very nnicii eiu^ouraged to the
groniiillcMM and uineasonaliie idaim ami attempt liy the absurd neutrality challengeii
by the Freneii iniiabitants of youi' Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia, wiio are
^ilways ready to receive and sujiply the troops sent thitiicr iti tiie pay and service of
the French ("town, and who encouraged liie native Indians in their bigotry to the
Kreneii leligion and interest, anil we have great reason to suppose that those iidiabi-
tunts want not the inclination, but wait for a favourable opportunity to declare
tlietnsidvcs the subjects of the French King ; which would give them the possession
of a country to wliicli wc hinnl)ly conceive he has not a shadow of right ; and this
might in time juove of the most fatal con.sei|iience to your Majesty's interests in
America ; and we di)id)t not that they would have revolted from your Majesty in
the last war, if it had uoi been for the signal favour of Divine I'rovidence in the early
reduction of Cape Breton by your New Knglund troojis, and the remarkable and
repeated pi'cservation of the garrison of Annapolis Royal by the forces sent from
this province. But such extraordinary events may not always bo presumed on ; and
we humbly liope that we may b. indulged in earnestly entreating your Majesty that
so dangerous a neighbour, and such uncertain and precarious subjects may be com-
pelled to leave your Majesty's dominions or be reduced to a more perfect obeilieme
;to your Majesty's crown."'
* Benjamin Green, great -uncle of the accomplished President of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society ; John Rous, previously master of a Boston privateer,
and Jonathan Belcher, son of a governor of Massachusetts. Cotterell's origin I do not
know. With all deference I cannot see any ground for the blame that His (Irace
Archbisiiop O'Brien imimtes to the "Loyalists" for this act. ("Memoirs of Bp.
Burke," p. 51.) Surely here is an anachronism (juite unworthy of so distir.guishcd
.an authority.
t Author of a History of King's College, etc.
i From a Halifax paper in which Dr. Hind published it.
128 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
This address, ignoring the fact tha*^^ the neutrals had resolutely refused
10 supply the troops "sent in the pay and service of the French Crown,"
and stating what its authors have reason to suppose and " doubt not,"
breathes the spirit of the times among our New Kngland ancestors in
that day of religious bigotry and international animosity, but we must
not from its tenor too hastily judge that the Assembly contemplated the
measure actually adopted, or would have approved of it, if it had boen
presented for consideration in all its naked deformity ; althougii the
removal of the Acadians in a body t(j Canada, where they would have
been unhampered by any oath of neutrality, would certainly only have
transferred the apprehended dangers to the colonies farther north and
west. But wherever they might choose to go, the Acadians had warning
that if, after the oath they had taken, they were found voluntarily in
arms against the English, tliey would be shot without mercy.
To compel the Acadians to leave the Province, however, was one
thing, but such compulsion was never in the slightest degree necessary, and
what was done under the name of the "expulsion of the Acadians" was
another and ijuite a different thing. Men reason with cogencj' that
people who woukl not take the usual oath ot allegiance and become to all
intents bound by the obligations of citizenship to the Government of the
country they lived in, could not expect to be permitted to live in it ; and
the misinformed, who are still many, think that this argument applies to
the case of the Acadians. It is assumed that they advanced the \ery
unreasonable demand that they should be allowed to remain in tlie
country as neutrals and not as subjects ; and that not being willing to
leave the country they were simply captured bj' strategy and expelled by
force. It will be still (juite new to many who read these pages, that
it was not by their own choice, but that of the Government and its
representatives in Nova Scotia, that they remained ; and that they
persistently sought to avail themselves of the privilege of removal
guaranteed to them by the tr'^'>*^v, and were as persistently prevented. A
few who had lived in the hanlieue were permitted to sell out and depart,
and some managed to make good their escape in the autumn of 1749,
after Cornwallis' declaration. Governor Lawrence, even after his concep-
tion of the plan for their destruction, wrote thus : "1 believe that a very
large part of the inliabitants would submit to any terms rather than take
up arms on either side." It is not, therefore, with any fjuestion of the
expulsion of the Acadians that we have to deal, but with their annihila-
tion as a race or nationality attempted, and with partial success, and
untold misery and ruin to the victims, by Governor Lawrence.
If the British or the Colonial Government had (in effect) said to tlie
Acadians, " Since we have for a generation and a half striven in vain to-
make British subjects of you, and we now despair of success, and your
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 129
continuance in tlie countiy bound only by the oath you took at the hands
of Governor Phillipps, is a bar to our policy of making this, to all intents
and purposes, a Protestant and English-speaking colony, and is inconsistent
with the honour iind dignity of the nation, thei-efore you must now sell
your lands and go within one (or two) years (or forfeit your lands and go
if the promise of Queen Anne was to be ignored), taking with you all
your personal i^ffects, or their proceeds, and you are to do all this within
the time limited on pain of forfeiture of everything," the contention of
tliose who de'c'end what did take place would have been appropriate
and applicable, although in the liglit of previous events, mucli still could
have been urged on the other side. As for the argument drawn from
the assertr ;1 national peril, it is a dangerous one, for it might with the
same plausibility have been adduced in favour of a general massacre of
theii- able-bodied men in cold blood. There was probably nc period in the
liistory of the Acadians from the surrender of Port Royal to the time of
their dispersion, when they could not liav'3 been sent to Cape Breton.
A few who, ill spite of the devices cont'-ived to detain them, escaped to
that island, about the time of the arrival of Cornwallis, not satisfied with
the country and their prospects, came back as far as Halifa.x in 17J)4, and
presented themselves before Governor Lawrence. After recjuiring an
excuse for th(nr conduct in "quitting their lands," he accepted from them
the oath of allegiance, which they took cheerfully and without (lualification,
and Sent them to their old homes, hoping their return wouhl have a good
effect in inducing the others to remain.* These were seized and
dispersed with the rest, and so were the family of Prudent Robichau, the
.Justice of the Peace at Annapolis, whose loyalty was never questioned.
In order to correctly understand the matter we must go back to the
terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, and the events that followed it
during the intervening period of forty-two years. By that treaty the
Acadians were allowed the option either to take the oath of allegiance
and become British subjects within a year, or to leave the country and go
where they pleased, forfeiting, of course, their lands, but taking with
them their movable effects. Later in the same year, in return for conces-
aions made to the Queen of England on behalf of certain of his Protestant
subjects by Lf)uis XIV. King of France, it was agreed between the two
sovereigns that the Acadians might retain their lands, or sell them if they
saw fit to remove rather than take the oath of allegiance and remain.
The Acadians with great unanimity preferred to go with or without the
concession specially made by Queen Anne, but a policy of keeping them in
the countiy, against their wills, prevailed, and being in violation of the
pledged faith of the Crown, was the first criminal error, bringing all the
* Novtt Scotia Archives, p. 228.
130 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
subsequent ones in its train. On this point Governor Shirley, of Ma.ssa-
chusetts, who in 17r)5 was commander-in-chief of tlie armies a<j;ainst
France in British North America, wrote on November 21st, 1746, to the
Duke of Newcastle, Britisli Secretary of State :
"It \n indeed now to he wished that General Nicholson iiad upon the first
reduction of the colony removed tin; French inhabitants, when they were but a
few, and that during the interval of peace the colony had been planted by
Protestant subjects ; l»ut after their having remained so long in the country
upon the footing of IJritiah subjects under the sanction of the Treaty of Utrecht,
and nuiking imi)rovenients on their lands foi' one or two generations, and being
grown up into such a nunilicr of families, to drive them off their settlements
without further in(|uiry seems to bo liable to many objections. Among others
it may be doubted whether under the circumstances of the inhabitants it would
clearly appear to be a just usage."
The objection of the Acadians to taking the reqt'red oath was that
it would render them liable to take up arms when required against
their kinsfolk and coreligionists. Whenever renewed expression was
given to their resolution to depart rather than take this oath, then, with
great tact and policy, the pressure on them to take it would be with-
drawn for a time, and meanwhile every possible device was resorted to
that would prevent their getting away. In 1714 the oath was tendered
them, but without any show of compulsion or threat of evil consequences
if they refused it. Major Caulfield, Lieutenant-Governor at Annapolis,
reported this refusal to the English Government, but urged the great
desirability of keeping them in the country, saying, " In case ye
Acadians quit us we shall never be able to maintain or protect our
English familys from ye insults of ye Indians," and spoke of the cattle
and other provisions by which they could supply the fort. France,
relying on the honour of the nation and the efficacy of the Queen's
promise, sent Captains I)e la Ronde Denys and De Pensens to Anna-
polis, to arrange for their removal, but they had to put up with the
excuse from Colonel Nicholson, that it would be necessary for him to
confer with the authorities at London before anything could be done,
thus consuming the time allowed for their departure ; Nicholson at the
same time treacherously assuring the French commissioners that they
might implicitl}' and in perfect security rely on Queen Anne's promise,
while he was treating both it and the treaty with contempt,* and
preparing to tell them by and by that the time limited by the treaty
for their departure had expired.
Tn the month after Captain De Pensens' report to his Government
we find Governor Vetch, in a letter to tlie Lords of Trade and Planta-
tions, protesting in strong terms against allowing the Acadians to leave
• Parknuiu's '• Half Century of Conflict." Vol. I., pp. 187, 188.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 131
the country. DiHiculties of an insuperable nature had from the finst
been placed by the authorities iiv the way of their transporting them-
selves by water. French ships were not allowed to enter, and they
built small vessels for the purpose, but the outfits for them were not
allowed to be landed.* Governor Phillipps when he assumed charge,
threatened them that if they refused to take the oath they must go in
four months, and carry away with them only a miaerablj' trifling portion
of their effects ; and their election to leave even under these terms being
repeated, again he cautiously withdrew the pressure, but when they
attempted to open a road, in order to go away overland, he promptly-
stopped them, and arrested any individuals or families who attempted
to straggle away unobserved. In 1720 the Acadians appealed for help
to get away to the Governor of Cape Breton, as they had before the
treaty to the Governor of Canada. At length a devic;e was hit upon by
Governor Phillipps, or Armstrong, his lieutenant, which seemed to meet
the emergency of the case, preserving to the English the advantage of the
continued residence of the Acadians in the country, and at the .same time
relieving their consciences from the burden of an obligation which they
feared might involve them in fratricidal strife, or bring down on them
the summary and dreadful vengeance of the Indians, from whom the
English were unable to protect them. A condition was added to the
ordinary oath of allegiance exempting them from being called on to take
up arms. Hence they were afterwards styled " neutrals." The reasons
for retaining them in the country in violation of the terms of the treaty
were these : First, if they settled in any French colony, they might rein-
force the enemy in case of war with France ; and, second, their abode in
the Province was exceedingly useful to the Government. They formed,
while they remained, what is familiarly called in the modern phraseology
of stateci-aft, a sort of " butter state " between Annapolis, the seat of
English authority, and the territory still under Fi'ench control, beyond
Beaubassin and the Misseguash, and between the English and the Indians.
From them the necessary supplies had to be drawn for the Annapolis
garrison, and materials for the repairs and maintenance of the fort, and
their labours at these repairs were ecjually indispensable. They were
also relied on to give warning to the English of an}' signs of an attack
by French or Indians. They warned Noble of a probable attack on him
at Grand Pre, but he, deeming it impossible for an enemy to reach him
during the deep snow of the season, treated their apprehensions with
levity. t Undoubted records show that the most severe threats by agents
• Purknian'.s " Half Century of Conflict," Vol. I., p. 188.
t The ni)])i'oaching enemy interrupted the usual conimuninations, which aroused
the suspicion of tile neutrals, wlio coniniunieated them to Noble. (Murdoch, Vol.
II., p. 10«.)
132 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
of the French Government to hand them over to the merciless revenge
of the Indians failed to shake their resolution to withliold fnmi J)u
Vivier the use of their arms and ammunition when, relying on their
active aid, he laid siege to the fort. " We live under a mild and tran-
quil government," replied the Acadians to the threats of the French
commander, "and we have all good reason to he faithful to it."
Mascareiie, on the other hand, in a (les{)atch to Governor Shirley, testi-
fied to the alacrity and cheerfulness with which they not oidy supplied
the materials, but worked at the repairs of the fort, "to the very day
preceding the attack," and in four other letters and despatches he
acknowledged Ms oblig.ation to the Acadians for the salvation of the
foit in this critical emergency.* As to the geneial discharge of the
novel and dt^licate duties of the neutrality which had been imposed on
them, we ma ,' take as many different views of it as there were successive
governors ruling them, for no two of these tell the same story. As it
was impossible for the people themselves to assume such chameleon-like
changes of character and deportment, we must look for a solution of the
difficulty to the character and temper of the respective governors them-
selves. They had a friend in the gracious and graceful, but l)rave-
hearted soldier, Mascarene, and in Hopson, the predecessor of Law-
rence; stern but not oppressive rulers in Vetch, Phillipps and Corn-
wallis ; suspicious and unrelenting enemies in Nicholson, the treacherous
and mean enem}' of Vetch and a coiirse tyrant to his own people, and
in Armstrong! and Lawrence. For nearly half a century were they
teased and harassed by such a succession of rulers, alternately using,
according to their several tempers, blandishments, severity and menace,
but all animated by one purpose, — to make them take an oath of umjuali-
fied allegiance if possible, but to retain them in the country whether or
no. Their disposition to submit to extreme terms rather than subscribe
to the required oath proves the transcendant importance they attached
to such an oath, and would of itself indicate that fidelity to a sworn obli-
gation was a ruling feature of their character. And their conduct as a
whole in fulfilling the recjuirements of the oath which they had taken
amply justifies the conclusion which their remarkable scrupulousness
suggests. The statement of Parkman, that they would neither leave
the country nor take the oath, is contradicted by every record bearing
on the question, and is the more to be reprobated as its author is one of
•Quoted by Richard, Vol. I., pp. 207-200, and also partially in Nova Scotia
Archives, pp. 140-151.
+ Mascarene, a Frenchman, although an expatriated Haguenot, loyally attached
to the service of liis adopted country, knew and understood them better than
any of their other rulers. Campbell in his history of Nova Scotia, struggling to
find some excuse for an act at which he says, "the moral instincts of mankind
shudder," quotes the hostile account of Armstrong, and omits the contrary testi-
mony of others.
HISTORY OF ANNAinn.IS. 133
the most gifted and fascinating historical writers of recent days. Mean-
while the Acadians were increasing apace, and as it was deemed inipoHtic
in the existing state of aflfairs to make grants of hind in the colony to
any but Protestant settlers, the neutrals were under the continual
necessity of subdividing their farms ; and as there was a difficulty
about lega. recognition of their titles, disputes about boundaries, as
they naturally became frequent, were incapable of satisfactory adjust-
ment, the provincial courts being closed to them.
Between their suspicious and masterful rulers on the one hand, and
the enemies of the English, the implacable Indians, wlio could brook no
toleration bj' them of English lule, on the other, and ever by force or
stratagem restrained from removing even without tlieii- effects, their
position was painful and delicate be5'ond all precedent. But there can
be no doubt that in this peculiar isolation, under the beneficent influence
of many saintly spiritual guides (for th^ir priests were not all Le Loutres
or Gaulins) the domestic and social virtues flourished among them in
a most marked and emi-i-^nt manner ; and it cannot be successfully
questioned that they enjoyed a state of freedom from the vices which
disfigure society and mar human happiness, unequalled in the history of
any other portion of the human race. Contemporary observers* corrobo-
rate the Abbe Raynal, whose glowing account of the Acadians, culled
from contemporary reports, is condemned as poetic fiction, but Haliburton
rightly says that his description is nearer the truth than many imagine.
The discreet and generous historian of Nova Scotia judged from traces
of their former condition which survived among the descendants of the
exiles to his da}', and I will here add not only to his day, but to mine,
sifter their subjection to alien influences for several genert'itions — as the
grandeur of an ancient temple may be infei-red by the magnificent
proportions and character of its remains. I took up in the third
decade of the century the thread of experience from a hand that had
carried it from its beginning, and can add my unfaltering testimony to
the earlier one of paternal trfulition, that the successors of the people
of the exile —
" Dwelt together in love, these siiiii)le Acndiaii fiirmei'H,
Dwelt in the love of f Jod and luiin."
Within my per.>onal recollection —
" Neitliei' locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows,
But their chvellings were open as day and the hearts of their owners."
As soon as Cornwallis assumed the reins of Government in 1747, he
demanded with military emphasis that the Acadians should now abandon
* Bishop tSt. Vallier. See Arclibisliop O'Brien'.s " Life of Bishop Burke," ))p. 4!t,
152. Sir Brook Watson, Rev. Hugh Graham, Nova Scotia Hist, Soc, Coll.,
Vol. II., p. 129 vt seq., especiallv pp. 132, 133.
134 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
their position and status as neutrals under the modified oath with whicli,
for the sake of retaining them, Phillipps had l)een content, and take a,
full and unqualified oath or leave the country. They pleaded in reply
the treaty, Queen Anne's letter, and the mutual obligations of the
convention with Phillipps, accepted and ratified by succeeding governors.
He warned them that if they insisted on leaving they should forfeit all
their personal as well as real property, and when they discovered a
disposition to go even under these cruel conditions,* he took prompt
steps to render the immediate departure of any considerable number of
them impossible. Winter was then approaching, during which season
they could not go. In the following March he announced his intention
not to press them on the subject of the oath for a time, but deputies
from the settlements early reached Halifax and renewed their recjuest for
leave to depart, to which he replied that no such leave could be granted
until their crops should have been sown. Sadly but resignedly they
set themselves to sowing crops for the stranger and the alien, as they
supposed, to reap, which task accomplished, they again presented them-
selves before the Governor with a repetition of the request, the delegates-
from Annapolis being Charles Prejean and Jacques Michel. Governor
Cornwallis, amazed at their resolution, spoke in softer tones than before,
and declared their immediate removal impracticable, inasmuch as he
" would have to notify all the commanders of His ^Majesty's ships and
troops to allow everyone to pass and repass, which would cause the
greatest confusion." He gave them to understand that they could not
go in a body, but individuals only might depart one by one, each
provided with a passport, but this essential formula he declared himself
not then prepared to issue, and professed astonishment that they should
expect to be allowed to leave in the then state of the Province. This
was their last despairing effort to get away from the country previous to
their sudden surprise, seizure and forcible deportation and dispersion in
1755. It has been said that from this date they were prisoners in the
country, but practically they had been so from the date of the conquest
by Nicholson. When Lawrence, the better and easier to accomplish his
ever-memorable coup-d'etnt, called on them to deliver up their arms,
they, as we have seen, quietly did so, although arms were so essential to
a community living on the edge of the primeval wilderness where the
wild beiist prowled in waiting for their flocks and herds and children ;
and in their petition to Lawrence on the occasion of these closing inter-
views, they pathetically said, "Besides, the arms we carry are a feeble
surety of fidelity. It is not the gun that the inhabitant possesses which
will lead him to revolt, nor the depriving him of that gun that will make
* Alexandre Hebert and Joseph Dugas represented the French at Annapolis in
the negotiationH of this yeai', July and October, IH~.
HISTORY OF ANNAl'Or-IS. 135
him more faithful, but hin conscience alone ought to engage him to
maintain it." The obvious design of this passage, as it always seemed to
my humble apprehension, was to convey to the Governor a sense of the
overpowering weight on their consciences of the obligation of the oath
which they had taken, and which they were willing to renew, or depart
to new homes, and to be redolent of a most sensitive spirit of guilelessness
and honour. The Governor, however, denounced it as "presumptuous,"
and charged them with treating the Government " with indignity and
contempt," by " assuming to expound to the Council the nature of fidelity,
and to prescribe what would be the proper security to be relied on foi-
their fidelity."
The intellectual and moral capacity of the Governor did not seem able
to rise to the level of the ideal shadowed forth in this touching paragraph.
Guileles-sness and honour, keenly .sensitive to suspicion and reproach,
were counted negative quantities in the calculations of policy and power.
But among the modern apologists of the proceedings of Lawrence, it is
painful to find this document styled "an insolent memorial."* The
Acadians had, as Mascarene testified, and as abundant evidence in the
provincial archives proves, faithfully kept the terms of the qualified oath
forced on them in lieu of the option to depart secured by the treaty so
long before, even giving the earliest possible intelligence to the English of
the approach of an enemy,! and if, in the process of time, it came to be
held that those terms were no longer consistent with the national honour
and dignity, the argument urged by the Acadians that the provisions of
the treaty should be revived from their desuetude, and that they should
be put into the position they held when it was signed, was of patent and
irresistible cogency. Banishment and confiscation of estates are appro-
priate and customary punishment for treason when the offender is spared
the extreme penalty ; but what act of treason was committed by the
Acadians of the various ranks, ages, sexes and conditions who were
about to be involved in one common and indiscriminate proscription ?
The French on the mainland, beyond the isthmus which connects it
with the peninsula, perpetually harassed their neutral neighbours by
incitements to join them in attacks against the English. These efforts
culminated in the burning of their buildings, including even their church,
so that they were conipelled to take unwelcome refuge beyond the border,
where afterwards they were forced by their former compatriots, under
threats of death, to accept arms and throw themselves, about three
hundred in number, into Fort Beausejour — not a bemt. si-jour to them.
So repugnant was this to their inclinations and desires, that while the
fort was invested by the English, many of them escaped to the English
*Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. V., p. 83.
t Murdoch, Vol. I., p. 411 ; II., pp. 18, 42, 73, 106. Hunnay, p. 349.
13() IIISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS.
linos : seventeen of them wore arrested in attempts to escape and brought
hack, and the great body of them wljen the crisis came refused to fight,
so that the besiegers gained an easy and comparatively bloodless victor}'.
In consequence of this unswerving attachment to their oath in a time
(jf crucial trial and extreme difficulty, one of the terms of the capitulation
granted to the garrison by Moncton reads as follows : " As to tlie
Acadians, as they were forced to beai- arms under pain of death they
shall be pardoned." Lawrence professed to regard this as meaning tliat
they should be exempted from the death penalty only, from which it is
not a very strained inference that he would have felt himself justified
in ordering them to military execution but for this stipulation, whereas
Col. Moncton evidently regarded them as guilty of no offence whatever.
And yet this crime, if crime it can be called, with which the French in the
other settlements were in nowise connected, was the sole, actual pretexts
for a sentence of irretrievable disaster and ruin against every Acadian
of every age aiid sex in the whole peninsula, not only in the vicinity
of Forts Beaust'jour and Beaubassin, but from Piziijuid (Windsor) to Port
Royal ; aye, further, away at its western extremity at Pubnico, a little
community founded by the D'Kntremonts and Latours of noble lineage
juid historic fame, perfectly isolated and absolutely harmless, innocent and
ignorant of what was going on in the world outside the bounds of their
circumscribed horizon, were, by a decree unspeakably atrocious, eternally
disgracing our provincial annals, condemned to share the same awful
fate.* With humiliation and shame we must ackn'nvledge that Sabine
was right : " Darker deeds have seldom been done."
After the sui-reiider of Beausejour, Lawrence wrote to the Lords of
Trade and Plantations, under date June 28th, 1755, that the " deserted
Acadians "referring ostensiblj' to those who were found at Beausejour
— were delivering up their arms, and that lu; had given Colonel Moncton
orders to "drive them out of the country at all events, first making use
of their labour to do all the service in their power;" to which the
Secretary of State, under date August 13th, replied, criticising the
Governor's letter for its ambiguity cas to the particular Acadians he
proposed to expel — whether the three hundred or all those who lived near
Beausejour, or all who lived in the peninsula, and expressing disapproval
of such a step as to either lH)dy, because a partial measure of harshness
might exasperate those who remained into acts of rebellion, and to
make it universal would increase the forces of the French king. The
British Government, with nearly fifty years of experience as their
guide, thought it the wiser course that they should remain even as
neutrals. The king's ministers, who were themselves the very guardians
of England's honour, and champions of England's sovereignty, and
* Nova Scotia Archives, p. 300.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 137
certainly the best, iiw well as the authoritative, judges, did not see as
Murdoch, writing a hundred years later,* saw, that "such a neutrality
as had been suffered, but never sanctioned, by the hritish Government,
was wholly incompatible with its just rights of sovereignty, and that all
measures requisite to end it, to bring the land and all its dwellers under
unconditional submission to the laws of the Empire, were now essential
to the dignity of the nation, and to the preservatifjn of its territory."
That Governor I^awrence's step had become necessary to the honour,
dignity and interests of the nation, is indeed a favourite argument ; but
the alleged necessity the liritish Government utterly faile<l to perceive.
Except in the imagination of mo<lern apologists, no such a necessity
ever existed, or the Lords of Trade and Plantations would have been
the first to perceive it, as well as the only ones authorized U) take
cognizance of it. Referring to a proposition then recently made by the
F'rench minister at London, that in view of the ccmiplications created by
the lapse of so hmg a period, three years should be given the Acadians in
which to arrange for and accomplish their departure and migration to
the new abodes they might decide upon, the Secretary of State further
said; "In regard to the three years' transmigration proposed for the
Acadians of the peninsula, it would be depriving Great Britain of a very
considerable number of useful subjects if such transmigration should
extcmd to those who were inhabitants there at the time of the treaty,
and their descendants." This indicates the opinion of the king's advisers
touching the "just rights of sovereignty," and the "dignity of the
nation," which it i%now contended were involved.
From these utterances it is abundantly clear that the Lords of Trade
understood Lawrence as proposing only to put into effect the migration
contemplated by the Treaty of Utrecht ; it never entered into the hearts
or brains of any of that body to conceive or imagine the unique scene
of woe and horror, upon which, in the king's name, he was about to lift
the curtain. William of Orange, before he placed his sign-manual to
the atrocious order which doomed Mclan and his clansmen to the sword,
was by the victim's ruthless enemy kept uninformed of the fact that
they had, although tardily, made the required submission. Le.ss guilty
than he. King George and his councillors knew nothing whatever of the
diabolical scheme of their representative in Nova Scotia ; and before
Secretary Robinson's despatch had time to reach Halifax, the appalling
purpose had been successfully accomplished, and a stain left on the
escutcheon of Nova Scotia that can never be efiaced.
It is a subject of speculation what could have prompted the provincial
authorities to design and carry out a measure of such supreme impoi'-
tance on their own responsibility. The victims were admittedly "useful
•Murdoch's "Nova Scotia," Vol. II., p. 287.
188 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS.
subjects"; for forty ywirs they hiul, as a Ixnly, kept inviolate tli«) (|iialiiie(l
oath submitted to and accepted by tliem in lieu of the privilejje of remov-
ing with their effects to foreign territory. Litmtenant-Governor Caulfield
liad testified, "I have always observed since my coming here, the for-
wardnes.s of the Acadians to servo us when occasion ofl'ered." If they
had refraine<l from working at or supplying the fort at Annapolis, and,
on the other hand, had aided l)u Vivier in his attempt on it, his capture
of the fort would have put their destiny into their own hands, and the
long-sought-for opportunity of transplanting their homes to new shores
would have arrived. They could have removed with their effects to Cape
Breton or St. John Island, to Canada, perhaps even to Louisiana, or the
land of their fathers, old France, in comfort and at their leisure. But as
we have seen, they withstood all his attempts upon their good faith and
integrity. Only five years before their dispersion, (Jovernor Hopson had
written to the Lords of Trade, " Mr. Cornwallis can inform your Lord-
ships how useful and necessary the.se people are to us ; how impossible
it is to do without them, or to replace them, even if we had other settlers
to put in their places." Lawrence had none to put in their places, and
no prospect of any.* Two years still later Hop.son had written, " I
hope I may not be directed to send out those (foreign Protestant settlers)
we have, to settle anywhere among the French inhabitants, for I have
sufHcient reason to be assured, was that to be done, the latter would
immediately cjuit the Province." Finally, we have the conviction of
Governor Lawrence himself, asserted in a letter! to the Board of
Trade, of August 1st, 1854: "I believe a very* large part of the
inhabitants would submit to any terms rather than take up arms on
either side," and he had seen this conviction verified by the conduct of
the three hundred who were forced into Fort Beausejour. Therefore,
the motive of fear that they might, on a favourable opportunity, join the
English, could liave had no rational existence, although in defence of
the act, as well in justification of the deportation later of others and of
some who hafl returned, what they might do, rather than what they had
done, was always urged as the ground and reason for their punishment.
What, therefore, could have been the real motive of Governor Lawrence
long baffled my judgment and imagination ; and I was startled when the
potent one suggested by the author of "Acadia" met my eyes. Without
adopting or rejecting that painful theory, I will state it. He holds
that the Governor and his Cfincil were inspired by purely mercenary
motives, and mentions in support of this view that no account was ever
rendered by Ijawrence of the proceeds of the live stock of the Acadians,
which was of enormous value, and that grants of twenty thousand acres
•Nova Scotia Archives, p. 197. fid. p. 214.
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 13!>
of land each * were wxm after inadt; to nu'iiihers of liis Council, und other
favourites and alu^ttors, including the very valual)le lands left tetiantless
by the Acadians. The former of these two circumstancea was mentioned
in a memorial against Lawrence l)y a number of the citizens of Halifax,
whose agent, Ferdinand John Paris, in a letter to the Lords of Trade, in
1758, placed the amount realized by him from this source at about
^20,000.
At Grand Pr«( adequate means of preserving tlie live stock from
destruction wore not available, for although an attempt was made witli
ordy partial success to drive some of the horses and cattle through to
Lunenburg, when the English settlers in Kings County arrived they
found at the skirts of the forest huge heaps of bones of the sheep and
cattle that huddled together to die of cold and starvation after the
hands that used to minister to their wants had been withdrawn.! As
for the lands rendered vacant, " they were immediately occupied by the
English," J who appropriated at once the enormous harvests with which
they teemed, although no English-speaking colonists came to permanently
settle them for several years. The memorial just cited charges Law-
rence with many acts of tyranny and oppression against the citizens.!^
Certain it is that on the day after the imprisonment of the first batch of
Acadian delegates he issued a proclamation denouncing severe penalties
upon "any person or persons," who "should presume to utter, publislj
and declare any insinuations or reports reflecting on the administration
of the Government."
As to the character of Governor Lawrence it may be best judged f)f
by his policy and methods. It would be absurd to (juestion his ardent
zeal for the substantial interests of the Government whose servant ln'
was, but any conscientious scruple as to the means to be used, or any
tenderness of regard for the honour and credit of that Government
confided to his keeping, was a stranger to his l)reast. The steps which
he took to fill up the depeopled country were wise and energetic. But
he liad the tlisposition of a tyrant toward those who had the misfortune
to be subject to his authority ; and his opposition to the scheme of
establishing a legislature in the Province was characteristic. In fact, he
was desirous of reducing the colony to military rule. Deep in his plans,
and resolute in pursuing the most direct course that would lead to their
accomplishment, he was capable of carrying out the most cruel measures
without the least twinge of human compunctions, or sensation of
generous emotions. His proclamation oifering rewards for Indian scalps,
* Murdoch, Vol. II., p. 528; Haliburton, Vol. II., p. 101.
fill. Vol. II., p. 121.
^Id. Vol. II., p. 100.
8 See Richard, Appendix Vol. II., p. 364, from the Brown M8S. in British
Museum
140 IIISIOUY <»K ANNA IH IMS.
^I'Hiliiated iiccorilitiK to tlio ii^tt mid hi*x of tli«> victim, is iiiiotliiM- poiiitiMl
iii<l)>x to his eliiiract«>r, iis w<>|| as a sad iilot upon tlio pagos of our
|)t-ovineial history. Of th«js<' iiUMisunw Murdoch says: " It is iinpossil)!)*
to r<>ad th«> sol<>iiiii orders for destroying and annihilating^ tlie homes
and surroundinj^s of our fi'llow-ereatures. tlie foirihle capture and removal
of families, tlie rewarrls in money for the scalps of an enemy, and many
otiier proceedings of those in authority at this peiitul, without strong
.sensatiotis of pain and disgust."
An awful story is on recorci* of four fu^jitive Frenchmen who had
♦•scaped the deportation, heiiif; wantonly shot, and their scalps repre-
.seiited as scalps of Indians tu secure the reward. A;;ain, u Htill more
horrible tale : Twenty-five scalps were offered, some of which there was
reason to supjiose inif^ht have been of fugitive Frtsnch Captain
Huston, then paymaster, objected to such proceedings, but Colonel
MtJiitague Wilmot, afterwards governor, ordered the money to be paid,
on the grouml that the French were in point of law out of the country,
and if the authority granted by the pnjclamation were " strained a
little," tlie transgression might be winked at. Murdoch styles the year
1765 an "ugly" year. I apply that epithet to the whole periinl of the
administrntions of Lawrence, Belcher and Wilmot.
Lawrence, if not ignorant of the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, and
the subsequent «iarly dealings with the Acadians under it, was certaiidy
indifferent to the obligations it imposed on the Crown for their benefit.
With tht* spirit of the most severe among the Puritans, although not a
Puritan himself, he held in the most thorough abhorrence and contempt
thosti whom he called " Popish n^cusants " and " the inveterate enemies
to our religion ;" and cohceived that they had no rights by treaty or the
laws of humanity, which an Knglish and Protestant governor was bound
to respect. There is every reason to be assured that his contemporaries
in Halifax, except a few immediate advisers and confidants to whom it
opened large immediate or prospective profit, disapproved of and revolted
from his atrocious policy toward the Acadians, but in that day any
«xpre.ssion of an adverse opinion would have been deemed treason. For
many years every attempt at a discussion of the (juestion was vigorously
suppres.sed.
M. Richard on this point quotes largely from a manuscript history of
the Province by the Rev. Andrew Brown, D.D., a Scotch divine richly
endued with the historic spirit, and a man of great learning and ability,
who came to the Province in 1 785, and after a pastorate of eight years
in Halifax,! returned in 1795 to his native land, and died while filling
* Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., p. 141.
t Dr. Brown was the inmiediat« preileceasor at St. Matthew's Church of Rev.
Dr. Aroliibald (Jray, whose .son, Rev. Archilwld (Jray, M.A. , was Rector of Digby,
juul grandson, Rev. W. S. Gray, late Curate at Annapolis.
IIISTOUV OF WNAI'OI.IS. 141
th«' olwiir of ili«'t<irii' mid lii'llpxl<tlff» in tin' I'liiNcrsity of I'Minliiuxli.
Ditctor lliMwii, diiriii;,' his n'sidt'iici- nt, llnlifux, aviiilfd liiinsclf of (lie
opjiortuiiity to giitlicr iiiforination from liviii;; and icliiililc sourctvs, and
ocjuld not fail to oorioctly H""K" foiitcni|Mtrary o|iiiiioii on tlm suhj»'ct.
HiM own jiid<,'rnfnt was that, excepting' the massacre of St. Harthoh>in»'\v,
h»! kiii'W (»f no act f(Hialiy ifpri-hmsildc as the Acadian removal that
<;unld he hiid to tiie charj^e of the Krench nation. " In their colonies,
nothing," he .said, " was escr done that apj)roaches il in cruelty and
atioi-iousne.sH.' *
(Jovernor Lawrence diei. at Midifa.x, October llMii, 17(tO, after a
week's illness, aged fifty-tive, umnarried, and just in time to escape an
oHicial incpiiry into the wh(»le conduct of his administration, granted
in response to petitions and memorials from the citizens of Halifax,
r»!j)eatfd and pressed for over ihrtMs years, and suppoited hy a delegate
to Londcm already mentioned. This in(|uiry, as it appears hy a despati^li
from the l^ords of Trade to his suocessoi', emhiaced the chaige of (uicour
aging outrages hy the disorderly part of the military on the property
atid lives of the citizens, and "other far greater eiioiniities " ; and we
must assume that it would have lesulted in a vitulicatioti of tin-
national honour and good faith in respect to his treatment of the
Acadians. He w.is, howe\er, huried at tin* public expense, but a monu-
ment ordereil by the Legislatuie to be erected to his memory in St.
Paul's Church, recording in some particulars "not what he was, but
what he should ha' ; been," is now "not to Im* found among those that
adorn the walls"! of that historic temple.
The numbei' of the Krench deported from this county was aV)Out sixteen
hundred and fifty. At given sigiuils the torch was applie<l to their houses
and barns, and from Moschelle to Paradis*;, and from (Joat Island east-
ward to the township line, the landscape was soon wrapt in smoke and
tiame, and next (hiy <inly blackened chimney stacks and cellar walls
marked the recent abodes in peace and plenty of an industiious and ha[)py
population. A considerable number in the eastern section managed to
escape into the wockIs with a few cattle ; of these, some, attempting to
form a settlement on the sliorcs of St. Mary's Bay, were dislodged in
1757; others eked out a precarious subsistence in the woo<l8, until at
length they joined the settlement which the returning exiles founded
in the western end of the county. Those who managed to cross the bay,
and took refuge witi; the French on the Miramichi, belonged mostly to
the settlements on tho north side of the river. Hannay's estimate that
two-thirds of the exiles .eventually returned to the Province is obviously
extravagant. Shipwreck, disease and want would tell enormously on a
people of their habits, and be fatal to the sick and agetl of any people,
* Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. II., p. 149. + Akina.
142 IIIST(»KV OK ANNAI'OMH.
iiml ili(t }'i(uri;{ rliililrcii who cainr in willi tin; ('•■riirtiiti^ c^xiitiH iiiiiHt.
liJivc Im'cii IhiI'ii iluriii;{ I.Ik^ I'xilf, tor |)iii'ctil.H in H(>nn! few (wiHti.s HiK.Miccdfd
in I'fl'ccM.in^ a reunion iillJioii^li tlicy <m)uI(I no), re cHUiMiHli ii lionie. Ity
lii'i-niiHsion of the iiiiUior I copy tlin followiii;^ from liiitliiinrH " Acudiu,"
Vol. II., p. .".LT. :
" W'liih |ii'iiic wiiH ciiricliiilcil ill I7<'i'{" (I iiiii (|iiiit.lii^;, with Hlijjjlit, iiildiliiiiiH of my
own, li'orii ILaiMi'Hii), "out. of iilionl <),'>()() AriidiiuiH wlioliiul Ix^rij (li!|iortiMl to tlin
Uniluil iSt.atoH, tlieic n^iiiaiiKiil a lit.lln iiiori' lliaii one lialf. Ofl.ttii liiid tln^y in vain
lii'^';7i'i) Dim aiitliorilii'M to allow tliciii lo leave the (ilace of their exile ; liiit after tlie
jieace their hoiiiewaicj iiihIi wan reniHt leHK. l>i\eiH ^i()ii|m iiiaile for (/'aiiaila, where
they Het,tleil, Home at I'Aeailie, iieiir St. .lohll, 1'.',^., ol heiM at St. tJrej^oire, Nieolet,
ami Hceaiieoiir, in the |)iHl riet of 'I'hret^ IliveiH, ami otheiH at St .lae(|iieH I'Ai^hiKaii,
ill all of which |ilaeeH tliey fornieil rieli ami prim|>(W'<iiiH |iariHlieH.
" 'I'lioMe who hail not heeii alile to join t hi.i (ixoillls, met to><et her three yeiilH later,
III the H|iriii;{ of I7(i(!, at ISimton, with the iiileiition of W'eMiliii){ their way liai'k to
their loHt mill laiiienteil Aeailia. 'I'lii^re I lien reinaiiieil in foreign lainlH only a Hiiiall
minority, rivi'teil to the Mpot. hy inlirmity or extreme want. W'v iiiiiHt, however,
eM'e|it tlioMe who had lieeii de|iortiMl t,o .Maryland, where the preHenee of Kn^liHh
<!atliolieH and of a few prieHt.H had in.id<! their lot. leHH intolurutilc, and wlioro Home of
their deHeeiidantH may Htill lie found.
" The heroic eiiravan " whieh formed in HohIoii and lelorininod to ero.iH tlio foreHt
wilderneHS of .Maine on IIh return to Acadia, waH niadn up of alioiit ei^lit hundred
liei'MiinH. "On foot, ami almoHl without proviHionH, tlicHi; pil^riiiiH hraved the jierilH
and fati^iicH of a return hy lami, marching up t.iie eoiiHt of th« Kay of Kiintly iih far
aH the iHthinuH of Shediac, acroHH hIx hundred iiiileH of fore.Mt and iiuinlialiiteil tiiolin-
taiiiH ; Home pregnant women of this pitiful hand were iMinfined on th(^ wny. I
have) known Home of the hoiih of tliiMe children of Horrow, who told mo thiH Hlory iih
they had it from their fatheiH, horn in the cour-He of tliin painful Journey.
" No one wdl evi'iknow all that t Iichc unfortunate |ieii|ile, foi'Hakeii and forgottutl
hy everyliody, millered iih tlii^y hewed their way throiij^sh the wildiU'iUiHH ; the many
viiiliH i^oiie hy have long nince HiillcMl the echocH of their wigliH in the forent, which
itHcIf liiiH diHiippiMired ; nil the vvocm of thcHc liapleHH hiungH are now lont in the
MhadowH of the pant-; otlieiH are joyoiiHly iea|iing liarveHlH on their oliliterated
cam|iing grouiidH, and there hardly remairiM aught hut a few dim triidit.ioiiH of thin
Hiililime iind Horrowfiil exodun hciiI tered among I he lireHide tales of iigeil AeadiatiH on
I he liay of l''umly.
" In the wild patliH that wouml in and out tliioiigh the interininalile foreMtH of
Maine, tliis long line of einigrantH wiilked painfMlly on ; there were Hlnall groiipH of
women and children, drugging the Hiende.r haggage of iniHery, while the men,
scattering hither and thither, Hoiight in t he iliiiHe, in liHhing and even among wild
roots, Hoiiielhiiig wherewith to feed them. 'I'heie were very small children, who
wcri^ hardly 'dile lo Wiiik and were Iccl l>y the liiiiul, the larger chililren c'lirrying
them from lime lo time; many of I liese iiiifort iiiiati' mothers held an infant in
I heir anus. Mill! the cries of these poor liiilicM wi'ie the only sound that liroke the
gloomy and dismal silence of the woods.
"How many dieil on the way, iliildren, women and men men? How many
lireathed their liiHt, overpowered l>y weariness, Hull'ering from hunger, Hitting down
to he forgotten forever in Home wild path, without priest, without itonsolation,
svithoiit friends? 'I'lii' last iigony of ilentli was emhitlered, for these innocent
victims, liy all the anguish of regriM and neglect.
" While this sorrowful c^aravan advaiK^'d, some indeed were! found whose failing
lirsTollV OK ANN'AI'OMH. I 4.'{
Hl.rfiiif{t,li ritfiiHi'cl 1(1 I'Miiy tlii'tii iiiiy I'liiliii'i' ; liiivvrvci', .ill liiil iiol HiKciiinli, iiiiil niin
afU'.r iiiiiilliiM' II lew ){iiiii|iH ri'iiiiiliK'il iiliiii^ tin- imiil lo turiii tlii< iiiictli'j nf riitiii)'
coloniim. ||. wiiM lliiiH tliitt, on llic ImnkM of \\\v Kivri SI. .loliii, mivcriil iMiiiilinH
lixcil llii.jr iilioilo iiiiijil the riilim of tlif wtl liwiiciitM foriiimly oi^'iipirij liy iIm. Kiciicji
ill tlii.s ilJHU'ii'l, wlii'ir, ill \\\r iiiiriiwit lii'f of .Iriimi'k |of wliicli \m Toiii' liail luin l.lir
owiiot'l iiiiil ill tliiit of l'',Uoii|iii^, Hoiiir fiiw Ai'iiiliaii i'liiniliiiH Ht.iii dwoll.
" Wlii'ii the (. I ill I III II of ('x ill 'M, tiiiiiiii'"! oiil, liy I III! f Iiiiil ii'H of till 1 joiiiMoy, ri'iiclii-'l
tlii^ IihiiUh of (III- I'd iti'oiliiic, tlii'y liiiii Im'I'II four iiioiiIIih on llir roiiil. 'I'lii'ii', iil
li'iij<l.li, lln^y coiilil IiihIi' II few nioiin'iil m oI rcpoKo iiinl coiihoIiiI ion ; I liir Iil hI. to (omK!
oill. III. IIk! fool of I he wooiliMJ inolinliiiii riiiiKi' )iloii>{ llii.M livrr liicl llicrc hoiiic iiicii,
liiilf liiiiil.riH, half liimliiiiiilini'ii, who Hpokc llii'ir liiiiKii»K<'> '■'"I 'iihoiik whom Ihry
Willi! Mol, hIow III iri:o;;iii/,i. fellow <oiinlryiiirii iiinl reliitiveH. TliiM wiih the
rnniMiiiit of lliit foi'iiici' inlwiliiliinlH of Mi'iiiniiiicook, ('lii|ioily itiiil lliit iHUiiiiiiH of
Slii'iliiii:. . . . I'liiililiiif^H mill i:liuii'iii(<H wiM'i' ali'(iii<ly lo Im Hunn iilon^ llm livrr
liaiik, whi-n l.lir liiiml of cuplivrH i'el.iiriiiii;{ fioin t\\c nnilivj Sl.iit.iiM joini-il llii'iii iit
l;lir i^loHr of l.lir Hiiiiiiiii-i' ol '170(1', I How l.oiii.|iiii){ iiiiml. havr liooii llm MiiHil.iiig,
iifliT II Ki!|iiinilioii of rli'vrn yi-iiiH, of tlie.m! lieiii^.K wlioHo IiiniiIk wrrc wrung Uy ii
iMiiiiiiioii iMilaiiiily ! Ileri', iil li .ihI,, I he wayfiinwH coiilil ii-hI. for a iiioini'iil in |iiiiir(!
ufl.rr I heir nxitoHHivi' fali^iicN, willioiil. any liHk of n^lmH' or ill will from iniliil'itriirit
or lioHtilii Htran^iit'H, | 'I'lie fiirndH l.litiy IiimI JiihI, foiiml a^aiii wiiri' IIii-iiihi'Ivch viMy
(loiir, liiil. Ihiiir wcliMimi- wiih conlial anil Hyiii|iiillii't,i('.
" IJiifortiiiialoly, iifler Hum liisl, IhiihI. of joy, lliey liail lo Hiillrr a j^irat liravim:Hn
of hcarl.. 'I'lioy had i^hrriHlii'il Ihr liopi' thai, away on thi' oLlirr Hiilc of tint liay of
Kiimly, al Hiifiimi'joiir, I'lcaiiliaHHin, (iiiincl I'ri', I'ort. Iloyal, lliey vvoiilil linil onii!
iiiiiro thitir laniJH ami iMirhapH tlHtir hoiiHUH, l.hal. Ihiiy iiiiKlit ln' allowinl lo Hettli; on
I III- fartiiH that, were not. yi'l. o('cii|iir.il ; Inil, llii\y noon ri'ali/.iMJ l.lial. all lliis wuh
I. <lri!ain ; rvcrylhin^ liail limn iiIIoIIimI lo lliiiir piMHrruloiH or In ni'w I'oloniHi.H.
Tlin j{r<iat anil painful joiiriK^y l.lioy hail jimt. mailn whh now iimi-Iuhh ; tlmy hail no
\imifrr iMt.hri- liomi- or niiinlty ! ThrHi! iliHi'oiini;{itig liilin^H ovi'i'whiilmril miohI of
I liimi ; lhi\y wort! iilt-iirly worn out, iiiid, wilhoiil Hi'i'kin^; to advaiiei!, Ihry nmiaiiii'd
on I he very Hpot to which I'roviilenee had leil I hem.
" However, a eertaili niiiiilier of them eoiild not lielieM' that all waH loHt and lliiil
I hey well! liopel<i.MHly il(!Hfioileii of thime rieli IniiclM, formerly wrciHted from the Nea
liy the laliorioiiH Hkill of I heir I'orefallierM. I''ifly or Hixly faiiiilieH, men, women and
iliililren, oni:e more net out; they roiimled I he iniiermoHt Hliore of the old Kaiis
l''raiii,'aiHe, wliieh had lieeonie l''undy Hay ; I hey viHited in tiini KoaiiliaHHin, I'i/.iipiit
and (iiaiid I'ri'' ; lint lleaii.'^i''{oiir wiih now eiilled (/'iimlierliind ; IteaiiliaHNin,
Ainhei'Ht ; (Jolieiinid had taken the name of 'rriiro ; l'i/ii|uil that of U'indHor, and
(iraiid I're wiiH namiid llortiin. KveiytliiiiK wiih ehaii^^ed ! l'!n>{liHli iiameH, I'ln^lisli
villaj^eH, l')n|{liHli inlialiitaiilH, wherever I hey appeared I hey looked like ghoHlH eome
liiiek from a piiHl ii|{e ; noliody had llioii;{hl of I hem for a \<»\n linie.
"Till! eliildren were frij^hleiied ill I hem, the women and the men were niinoyed
iiH liy a threatening .speelre from I he unive, everyliody was an^;ry with Ihein, and
till! poor wretehcH drained IheniHelve.s from villajM' lo villiiKe, wnrried iind worn out
liy fatif^iie, hunger and eohl, and ii. deHpair that ^rew al every halting plaie ; I he lant
waH I'ort Koyiil |AnnapoliH|, where I he Hiime irritation on the one hand and the
Haini! diHiippoinl Mieiit on the other were repealed.
" Yet, what wiiH to III) done with thin earavan of poor people in raj^H, weary unto
dentil, eriiMhed liy want and Kiief ? The oMieerH of the garriHon adopted tlii! plan of
eondiieting them a little furl her .'4oiilli, on St. Miiiv'h Hay, the iinoreiipied HlioreH of
whii'h were lined with viimI fori'HtN, The wretelied AeiidiaiiH, driven lo e.^haiiiitioii
144 lirSTOKV (IK ANNAI'OMS.
anil i]iw|)air liy ku iiiiiny iiiiHfoi'liiiii^H, nut kii(iwin){ wliitlici' Iri ^ro, iillnwi^il tJiciii
Krivi's III lii^ It'll, iinil Kii I'Milril liy hI i'iiimImi^ nn IIiIh iIi'hi'iI Hlii°irr, wlii'ii' IiimiIh wrrit
l^riiuii;i\ to t.hi'in nn Di'iicrnlicr •JUnl, I7II7. 'I'him, williitilt cniinl in^ llii; liiii;{ )niiii|m
liicy liail tn iMiiliM'lakr to ini'cl In^i'tlicr in KiiKtnii, llii'y liail Iravcrm'il on Tiint a
ilJHlani'i' III' aliiiiit ii IIiiiuhmiiiI inili'H licfiiri' ii-ai'liin^ tlin I'tiil nf iJii'ir jiiurriry.
" Till' iiiiisl riiirl iiiiHWH (III nut iilwavh vvlinlly iimhIi liiinian rnri)^y», llirraliii
aftrr t lir liMii|ii^Ht , t lir laiiiti'Ht, ^;lirniniT nf liii|ii' ifvivinj.;, allow iini ihhimI H|iirilH to
(ilinK oniT iiinii' lo lifi-. to iinnnir work anil niaki' a IithIi wlart. I'liiirr |iri'Hmnr of
nci'i'KHity llii'Hi' iniioi'l nniitr onlraMtK hiIhi'iI log IihIh ; tlioy took to liHliJng ami
lliint IDH ; t lii'V lirj^an to rliai t lir laml, ami soon out of t lir Irllril I \-i:i-h Monir liiii^'lily
liuilt. liiiilHrH well' jiiit np. jSiK'li waK t lir ori^'in of t hi' lolony that now rovi'iKall
till; WTHti'iii |ioiliiin of tlir |ii'ninHiila. |
"DniiiiK iiiany Hiilmi'ijiii'nt yi'iiiH llii'ir wi'It iniiiirioiiH niij^iiil lonH. AiailiuiiH
iinivi'il from Kianir, fiotii tin- W'i'Ht Inilii'H, fimii J^oniHiana, ('aniula, ami lint
lliiiti'il Stat.(!H, K"i'>K f'olii onr Hrltli'iiii'nl In anotliiM' in hi'Iiii'Ii of a fat.lii'i', a
iMot.liiT, a lil'iitlii'l', a I'l^lativc wIioki' wlii'ii'alioiit h tliry liinl n.it yrt, fnuriil. Often
iliat li hail riainiril t III' lon){ hoii^^IiI iim> ; Honii'l itm'H, on t hi' ol lin hami, lir I hat wiih
Hn|i|ioMi'il to 111' ilrail, wa.M iini'.\|iriti'illy diHim rinl. Slowly tlir Hrattrlril iiiriiiliriK
of onr family Hmirrilnl, not inff i'i|iii'nt ly, in all nrltin^; lo^^rt lirr onir moir. 'I hose^
who wrir in lirl trr rjl'i iiliiHlancrH rollrrlril tlirii |iooi'ri' lii'rlhirn aioiiml t.lirin : tin;
lirrravi'MiintH of llir past wrir >.'iailually miftrni'il liy new t iri,, and hnally rarh i^lolip
took on t hr aHpri't of a iliHtiml ami hoino^rnroiiH loiiiriinnit v '
AITKNDIX TO (JllAITKIJ IX.
Amony tli(! sHt,t,l('riiiiiit.K laid wastt^ wt-rf two floiiriNliiii;^ viila^^cH Hcpai
alfil t'limi racli (itlx-f liy l.lm niondy ( Jrcwik htook, Holiiclicaiivilir on llif.
fiiHt, and St. Andfi- ICnianncl on (lii^ v/rni. side, niiincH row no lonf^cc
siii\ivin^ in tlioHi- lofalilifH.
CIIArTKK X.
TIIK TOWNSHIP OK ANNAPOLIS.
1755-1775.
Ui;H<:i'i|ili<iii of (lie tiiwiiHlii|i Kviirm' joiirrmi - I'liHKf^iigf.rH hy tlm ('hariniwj Molly
— (-'iiiHiiHof l7<ISiiii(l 1770 Stiilii.f l,(.wnHlii|iin I7«.'t Social iiHpiic.tH, 1770 80
— A|)|)rri<lix NiiiiK!H <,f j{nnit,i;cH in uriirit of I7'''»)'.
''I ''II IS lowiiHliip \H tJif! olddst, in (Im t!oinit,y, atid »!nil»rao«!H within \Ih
X lii)ijn<latii'.s (>v(M- unit Inindri!*! ilionsiind lu^rrs, Ixtin^ IxiuikIimI on
tln! north by tint AnnapoliH Kivor ; on tlm ouHt hy a lin<! corntnfn<;ing at
a point ono mil'; to tin; itaHtwanl from tin; Nictaii lliv«r, an<l th<!n(;(*
running south 10 ' <!aHt (nia^tuttio) Hovon niilcm ; th(tnctt Mouth 72" wimt
to th); itaHtiu-n Itounds of tint towriHlii]) of OIcinitntH, and thonctt northwiird
l>y tin; course of tli(>. Haid liounds to tlit; AnnapoliH Uivor. It consists
of two nitarly patallci distrittts, of tjuitr nniMjual dinxtnsions, diU'oriti);
from each otlutr in <{(;olo^i(;al ch/iracUtr, tpiality of soil and g(>n*;ral
asp(!(!ts, That, flivision which lifts l)(!t.w«tcn tli(! river houndary on tint
north, and tli<! heights of the South Mountains on the south, and which
extends throu;{hout its whole len^tJi in a diretttion nearly east and w<tst,
contains muttli ri(th nuirsli, meadow and uplands, adrnirahly ada|)ted to
the j^rowth of hay, root and fruit <!rops, all of which ar<t successfully
and Iar>,;ely cultivaUtd. Tint soils ni this distr-ict are very various,
consisting of clays, loams, ^rity and ritd sands and alluvia, (tach
posHOSsinj^ its pe<:uliar <tx(te|lence, and are es[>e(!iaily suit.(td to tlm
growth of particular produ(tt:ions. The ap|)<taran<te of this port.ion of
th(t t/ownship in •iune and S(;pt(!ml»er is very Ix-autiful. In the former
month the ttxtensive orchards are all ahla/.e with hlossoms of (!V(>ry liuH
and fragrance, and in the latter the ripening fruit/ delights tlut eye with
a scene whicli cannot. Ixt easily etpialled in (rolour* or ahtindance. The
(thi<;f highway, through its whole Ntngth from Torhrook to Ohtments,
pass(ts through an almost, continuous succession of a[>ple orchards.
Ijong Ixtforo tho Nttw Kngland iunnigrants t<K)k possession of these lands,
their I'^retHth predecessors had sett, them an ttxample in orch/iriling, which,
happily foi' uh, they wvrv not slow to follow ; the results of which h/i\e
10
146 IIIHTOIIV (»l' ANNAI'OI.IS.
now ciiltiiiniit.rd ill a pnxliicljini iiii(lrcatii<-i| of liy our iiiicitsl.ors, mid
liavif Immmiiiii^ an itli'iiifiil/ iil' wcallJi not In lit; ovi'rcNliiiial.cil, and wliidi is
annually lii-<'iiiiiiii^ iiioi'<> dcvrl(i|i(Ml and valualil<\
TIk! otJicr HctMion of tliiH townHlii|i tJiat lyiii^^ hoiiI.Ii -if iJii- moiiiil.aiii
raii^o aliov<> naiiHtd -is, j^<MiiTally ,s|>i'akiiif,', a level Irael, of (•oimtry and
lai'f^ely (Covered with forivs(. 1 1, einliraees, liowever, several line sel,l,le-
iiieiils williiii its liiiiil.H, anions wliieli may lie named t.liose trailed liiike
La |{(>H(^ lii;{lisville, Hoxliiiry, MoiHe Koad, l>l(iomiii;;loii, ei.r. 1 1, in
^^enerally well watered ; Kh eliief MireiuiiH lieiiij^ (.lie Ijeijiiille |{i\(>r, ill
l.lio west., and I. lie Nictaii ii: its eaHterii |iart, l.lie liiMtorieal |{|<iody
Oreik st.ream, near liiid^elown, and l.lie I'aradise Kiver, witJi liiindreds
of Hiiialler Ntreamn fonuii^ t.lieir way t.liroii^li de|iresHii>iis in tlie raii<re of
liillH referred t,o, Ut the valley wliieli in drained Ity l.lieir greater lirotliiM'
llio 'I'ay woapsk of the Mii^inai; the Annapolis Iliver, wliicdi riieeiveH their
wateiH an<l hurries them int.o the wide Allaiit.i(! t.hroii;^h the l!ay of
i'^utidy. 'I'lie minor Htreaiim, and the lakes wliieli tJiey form in their
eoiirse, are alxiiidaiilly st.o(;ked wit.h trout., and white and red pereh, and
Home of them afl'ord excellent s|iawnin<{ irroiind for the salmon, which
<M>iitiiiue to visit them, tJioii;{li in largely diminished numliers.
There am valualile de|iosit.s of iron ores at. Nic^taii,* which have at
ilifl'erent times Ween worked and aliaiidoned. These mini's are a<{aiii
made the tJieatre of fresh operations iindiM' t.lie pro|irii!t.orMhip of a
woulthy com|>any, whose ell'orts, with the present railway facilities, ar«
rmjotin)^ with the sucoohh tliey so well deserve. This portion of t,ho
county, like all other |iort.ioiis of it, is piHiplitd with a tlirift.y, industrious,
solier, moral anil r(^li;{ious population, who, from year to yiwir <'oiitinue t/O
ad(i t.o the material value of t.hitir farms, aiiiJ to push forward tJie
development of the natural resoiircits which surround them. The staple
|irodui;tioiis are of an agricultural, pomolof^iiNil and hortiiMilt.iiral charai-ter,
t.liou^h lirii^kmakiti;^, shipliiiildin^ and milliner liave liei^n liy no means
ne^lect.ed. The horticultural and pomolo^^ical exports are only exceeded
liy those of a strictly agricultural nature ; and the value of the former is
prolialily ;rreater than that of any otiier towiislii|i in the couiil,y. ItH
itihalMt,ant.s ar<^ ;.;eiierally in easy ciniuinHt.ainies, lieiii^ free from delit
and its consecpient emliarrassment.s, and alile to produce aliiiost all the
reipiisites for comfort.alile liviri/^ on i'' ir own lands.
The former part, of this work has been devoted t,o tiie hist.firy of tliis
iiH well as other partes of thi^ (Miuiiiy, from the foundation of I'ort lloyal
ill itiD'i to the fon-ilile expulsion of the l<'reiicli ii.!ialiitaiitH in 17^5 ; and
it/ now liecoiiMis necessary to relate the facts v>'hioli (ill up t.lie interval
between the latter date and 17^)0, the time of the arrival of the settlerH
from the conti iitul coloni«H in the good sohuonur (Jhiirtnimj Molly.
*Ni<!lmi, Nictiilik, ii Miinimr Miiiim iiiciiniii^ " Tlio KorkH."
lirsTOKV dl' ANNAI'OLIS. 147
•
Tlion- is no), iihk'Ii ut' inUucHt to icwtrd iliiriMf{ tlmsn four yraiH. 'I'lm
vji(;iil,(>il l''i'(Mii:li IiiikIm iMitil.itiU)!il to uwail l.li*t prnHtiiicit of now ixroiipitTH,
and to n!iiiain iiiu^iillivaltMl Immwuimi^ iin<i(:<Mi|iir(l. TIk! old town no
lon(,'rr l.lic capital— hMII conliniKMl to lio Mm- dw<illin>^ plafic of Hf^vnral
|iro|ilti wlioHc nanios an; intinialoly (mmiiiccIiuI witJi tlio HiiWjoct. of (JiJH
narrativo. Anion)^ (.Iiishc wr (;annot omit, to notic;*^ that, of KraHniiiH
.lain<'M I'liilliji.H, of tlic 'lOtJi n-j^inicnt, wlio wa.s <;oriirniHHary of t.lm j^arri.son
• liiriii;; t.liis pi-riod, and wlm wrh aft.crvvanis one of t.ln' lirHt. I, wo nitMnliMi-H
for tlif rount.y iilioMrn t.o irprcscnt. t.lic p(M)|ilit in tint AH.scrnlily ; nor t.lia(<
of KriHij^n WolHolcy, who was Hl.oir kft^ptu- in ITT)!, and wliosn Hon Hoino
(w(Mily years hit,cr married Mar;^arel, tlie fourt.li dau^^hl.nr of .losepli
\\ inniel.l, the head of the firm of VVinniel.t. <V Dyson, the h>adin^
nierehant.s of the phiee. 'I'he Itev. Thomas Wood,* a Seot.(rh (^ent.hmian,
waM the ehaphiin of t.he ^ariTson and ('hiirfOi of lOn^land missionary.
Thomas llandfield was connriandant, of the garrison ; (yowhiy was ehief
of l.h<' lOnj^ineer I >epart.menl. (iheil I To.'l). !le was siieeeedefl hy Mr.
lioutein ; an<l Thomas Williams, William lliis.sey and Itenjamin KiiniHeyt
were in t.he sami' depai'trnenl. of the HiM'vice. 'I'he (h^seendanl.s of tho
lal.ter f^ent.leman who was "(!|erl< of the ('lie(pni " are ipiit.e ninnerouH
in the county. Dyson, the merchant, and pail.ner of Winniet.t., was
proliahly his hrot.her in law, as Winniet.t.'s wife was Mary Dyson. On
the :>rd of .March, 1755, Dyson is charj,'ed with "having treated Mrs.
I'ldward How and her family with e.\ I raordinaiy cruelty and violence";
and (lovernor liawr<'n(;e retpiired llandti(-ld (as civil maj^ist.ral.e) t,<»
inveslij^at.e t.he charge. In the sanu? letter Lawrence ri^hukes Winniott
jind Dyson for " reipieslinf^ permiHsion to trade in ;(rain."
On the .'JOth of the same month, in t.lm same year, Mr. ('ottfirel, th«
S('(!retary of thi' l'rovin(!e, writes Mcissrs. Winniett A- Dyson in th»!H«
terms ;
"Skckktakv'h OH'iei;, ."totli .Miinli, 17r»r>.
"(iKNTI.KMKN, I iickniiwliMl;,'t!tlii>n'ciM|>l (ifyiiur Letter eiicioHiiij^ iiiiitumiriilKluili
lor llic (ioviirniiii^iit wliirh Mr. Wiimiutt dcsirnM may Im laid litifiire tlin Council.
Tho (iovtiriior lias llic more rciuiiiy il<it(iruiiu(!il t-o do ho aw it Ih an atl'air of
im|torlaiii'() ; as soon mh Miiytliiuf,' is determined tlii'icon you may <lep(!iid on luiarin^'
from,
" (ii'titlcmcM, your oliciliitnt servant,
"(Signed), VVll.l.lAM CltTlKHV.l..
" I'.H. —You may have a permit for pease upon ISond to lay tluiUi into tlie King's
Stolid at AiuiapolJH."
AnioriK tli« very few civilians wiio at this t.imt! lived at Annapolis waH
John KasHon, or lOaston — tho latter is the name jjiven in tho papers
* S«() CmiMUH of 177t>, p. ITir..
I Menjiiniin, (Jharles i .id .losepli l<.uniHi!y, of Orimville, are IiIh ({ranilMUiiH.
14H IIIHTOIIY OK ANNAI'OMS.
•
r«ila('iii){ U> liiin a youiiK Scutchiiiaii, wIioho ihtHirorulaiitH yot rniniiiti witli
iiH ill ci*ii.si<l<tralil)' iiiiiiilx^rH, atul hoiim* of tluMii yot. own and o<;<ni|iy
[Htt'tionH of t.lio r)20 a<;n's of land ^tanUMi (>o liiin in \7M. Jolin llaiiiN,
KHi|uit'(%* aftfi'wanlN a incinilxM' for (lio county, waH also a ri'sidtMil of
y\nna|>oliH at< tliis t.ini<% and liis di'Mccndanl.H liavt^ l><i(;oni<> vrry nunifU'iMiH
in (Jitt (Mtiinty and ant highly n\s|)(>(!t.rd.
In coiiHtMiuoncit of tho proctlanial.ion of (iovt^inoi' liawrcn(;t!, Mr. Ilrtiry
KvanH, of IMaHHacliUHcttH, was d(!H|»atcho(I to Halifax to unk for further
information as to the (.(trniN on whi(;h grants of townships ctuild he
ohtained, and to n^port to tJiose who sent, him as their agent in iIuh
Inthalf. In the iierformant^e of this trust., Mr. ICvans kept a diary or
journal of his pro<;eedings, whi(Oi has lH>en preserved hy his descu^ndants,
and whieh will now he given to the pulilie for tho iirHt time, as [
was kindly ptMinitted hy its late possessor, Mr. 11. •!. Karris, to take a
verhatim <;opy. Mr. lOvanst lived in or near Hudhury, Mass., and seven
teen yc^ars afterwards was elected a representative of the county. The
ntanuscript. lias heen kept in excellent. presiM'vation, and, among other
things, furnishes us wit.h the names and numher of the families which
first arrived to ii^set.tle this township, and many other particulars
concerning them, and is as follows :
KVANS' .loHUNAI,.
A|»ril I l'r<-|iar(Miig tiino to lliilifiix lo wiiil<M,n his l<)x<'<OI<!n<\v xovtirnor Lawi-ri'iice
Mini tlic < Niiuii'il, IIH {{i-iiiK ii|i<)intnl A^ciit. fur tlie t<>wMHlii|) of Aiinii|)iiliH
Itoyiil, wiiH (ci (like I'liHHiigt? in ii HrlHiniier (('ii|>t.. WattH).
2 (icU.iiig my TliingH, Him! fn: on Itoard.
.'I Itriiig fiiNl. Day wiis to Kit at tlio vchhcII iil oiir o'clock wliicli nmih Iti'tori-
lljgli wilier. Ai'i'iircliiigly wmh iiI. tlit; I'liici!. Kill thr vi-khcI gone iiliiioHt
to < liiHtell HO inn Left.
4 'I'lic wind r.ntw to tlio N. KiiMt, wont to Miii'IiIhIiuikI, Thinking to liiive
HctMi WiittH llicro Hiitr not (imling liini yr and the wind now iit K. Went I
(like l'<iHHiig(^ in a fiHiiiiig Hcliooner of iilioiit tliirty 'I'oiih, Koiind to |{iink
Qiiereiiii, (lie Seiper I'roiniHing to I'litt (!ii|itii. Uiirtietl hikI MyHelf into
MerligitHt or Ifahfax if we will pay liini fifteen doIIiiiH and four (iiilln.
Kiiin, wliieji iiinoiinlH to It) DoIIarN KesideM all our StoreH for ouiHelve!; of
all SoitH.
ti SailiMl from Marldelieud at 12 o'clock wind Fair next niorniiig wind
Invaded, Nnowetl and MIew Very liard .iiid Cold. I liaveing no Hi-ii |{|it
, tile liHJiiM'nieirH See (!loeH to Ly on and no lire in the (,'aliin, wiim Hiidly oil'
inde(Ml. Kent to windward till April lOtli, the wind ('iinie fail' iind Klew
iiM alnioHt nndiM' water -the VeHHt^il all the time full of water on the Deck.
II at. live o'clock in the evening (iot to MerligaHh, the wind too hard, coold
not I'roc "d and we went on hIioi'i^ aii'< came on Hoard again in order to
■Sail noM inorneing April l'2th.
Set! MKnnoii'H of Mr. Ifarrin in another place.
I Hco memoirH of Mr. Kvann in unothur pltvco.
IIISTOKV OK ANNAI'OMH. 149
Apiil I'J lint llin MuHtur not willing to (liiry iih any Kurtliur Mayii>K it niiKlit hiiiilui
liiH Voi^)' wii wiinl on Itoiinl a .Small Mloo|i of Mr. ('nMilcH U> takit I'aHHnK*'
for Halifax, anil (io(|, into aHniall llarhoiir (liiH nif^lit, tint Sloop l(<>inK no)
tit til lilt at S)<i>, Iti'iii^ ili'ii|i loailril ami a I'oor Tiling inilititil it wuh, anil
alHiiit twelve I'aMMonKi'i'M of Dutrli I'tioplr.
i:i Koiri^ Saliliith wiMit on .Slioir tin- wiml lii^li ami vmy (7olil (iott Hoinc
HhIi anil niaili- a jlinor on Sliorit with Hoinit tiHhiiiiniin who wan< Drivitn into
Kctrli liai'liour an wi- wair. Aliont .'< P.M., Nail ami Uownl out of hiI.
liarlioni', anil (iott to Mraj^ni'H Ki-arli anil wont on lloaril a Small .SrliiHiniM'
itolonf{inK to tint ninii that ('aniit with niu from Matlilohituil, am! wiinl to
Halifax in h<tr, ami (loti to* tliiN rii^ht, ami loil){i)il on ISoaril thiH ni^ht.
I.'i a Viii'v Kail Nlorni ami I mtarcly not alilr to walk. I>iil not ^o out tluH
Day.
10 wail I'll on thr (toviti'tior ami wiiH llri')>ivi!il kimlly. .Shttwin^ llin I'otition
anil axkin); Soinr inori- favoiiiH numt of whirli I (iotl ^{I'antril.
17 Ohtainitil Ih*- onlcr for two vi'hhcIIh ami othitr 'riiingn all whirli tin-
(lovornor, Mr. MorriH anil niyHi'lf miinitoil J)own tint hitailH and Mr.
MorriH went with nut to tho Snriitiiry to Draw in form what thoy ('oiilil
^rant, I riii|iu<Hting it in writing for thr SntiHfation of niy ('onHliliientn. —
DrilrrH Ar.
IH WaH ItiiMiiy Inga^itil In ^ottin^ my unMwttrH iV orilorH ()o|)|Mty'il Ity thx
JSitnttary ami ( 'lark.
Ill Kaiimil — I wrote a li'ttitr to AntiapoliH ami tolil thitm Hoinit of tlm I'ro
priittom woulil Ix; tliitiit in a month. Waitvil on tlir Sitrotary for my
I'apiM'H anil on tho (iovcrmir to Hi^n them,
2() Snnilay I'l'iiparrinj^ for honm. (loolil not ){<> to Mi'cling. 'riion^ht to ^o
in C'olili. ISnt hr not (iniuff to lioHlon Direetly, Thiin^ht to ^ittt a l'aHHiif{i>
Sooner in (!aptn. Hinekley, I went on Boanl, foumi he waH Keaily to Sail,
all liut a I'aHH.
'Jt\ tiott all tliinf{H on Moaril (iott my I'aHH anil all my I'aperH Koaily for
Sailing, Itiit a Storm Came on -.Staiil till Daylight.
22 at \.m\\l Saileil ami the men of war LikuwiHe out of the harhour they for
houiHltnr^ ami we for Itimton.
llor« the journal is i.iterrupt(;(l hy tlie iiiHortion of the, followiiiff :
" Aci't ok I'oKTM, llAKIIOtIll.S ANI> (/'aPKH KKOM HaI.IKAX Til TIIK,
Uav (IK KlrNllV."
Jehueto Hoail. ('ape I^ellavu. Kant I'aNHaKe.
.Samliro do Port Medway, (lape Sahle.
Keteli liarbour. Port Saviour. Went PaHHajje.
Samliro do Port Mutloon. I'opnieo,
Pearints do Port Lvliair. Sha){ llai'bour.
Primpeet do Poi't Jiilley. fSilc iHlamlH.
MargarotH May. (Jreen's Harhour. TuHkott'H do
AHlnneto^ett Hill. Port liimeway, 'l'ihi)U){e.
Mehoun Hay. (-'ape Neanro. (Jape Korohu.
MeriigaHh or Port I^atore or f'O'^K iHlamlH Head.
Lunenliurg 'I'own. Itaeero Point. Hay of Kundy.
* Name here not lugihlu in tho MS., prolialily llalifitx. | Soul.
loO IIIHTOKV OK ANNAI'OMS.
April '22 r> ii'rlock p.iii. Ilir wiihIh I'liiiiiiif; wful hikI lllrw hh haul lliat Cii|itiiiii
IhiiiiKlit. Iti'Hl, with ikilvicf iif I'liNArn^c^i'H (thric lifiii^ tivo of iih uml iiiimt
wkII iii'i|iiiiiiili'il wil li I liii Sh(iri-) In |miI iiiln hi'llavi' uml liid ho ; t liiH nij^'hl
wiiiil W'(<Ht hikI IiI(!W hiti'il mill next lliiy l.uy in tint Miiiitiiiii' iiiiil ii vriv
^iioil iiik; witnt' (III Mliorit, (iolt iiiiiri' KiUlicx anil 'I'lavilliMl on Slini'i' nnmt
iif thv hay lint l<ilii!il iiiiliiin^,
24 Sailt;il fi'iiin Lrllavii Ky l)ay Light, a). 4 n'llork (t.ni. tlxt uiml hraili'il.
anil (/'iHilil mil, ISriit In ailvaiilago I'uM. into Mnliinn llHiliiiiir uliirli in
gooil iinti.
25 at fill I r o'l'lni'k iiiiii'iiin^ wi'lgjiril nnil (.'iinii- (■• Nail. '1 lii' witnl lali I ill
cli'vi'ii o'l'liirk fiiiTiionn. Spoki- with (/'iiptn, Climliri in a Si'liiiniii'i' fur
Halifax nil' agaiiiHl ( !apr Ncagrn, lint no nrWN. 'I'll)- winil {h ahi'iiil ; Innk
many larkH, Kiit at night hIiioiI nfl' from thi; Nhori'.
2U 12 n'rinitk Saw a SrhnoniM' to tin: Lttitwaril anil altlioMgh to winilwiinl nil'
agiiitiHt Nilr iHlunilH, wiml Noiith, iliil nnl Spi'iik with I hum.
27 MohI of tluH Day Calm. Shifting wIihIm — night Thnnilitr anil Liglilniiig
anil Hiinid rain.
2N Nmall lin-amt llail a (ioml nlmorvation - liitti*! piiHl 12 Saw ( 'api' (<'nil iil
S. wKHt winil alicail nr Calm tlir aftornonn ami night- (ioti liy nioining
oir('a|N! ('oil.
.'10 in tlin mnrning oil' agaiiiHt Moiiiniont at 7 o'llork, tint itntran-c nl
I'lymoiith harliniir. 12 nlF agaiiiHt MaiHliliitlil anil Culm. Ti |i in. winil
Sprnng up ami Canid tn tint Liltt-lioiiMit, Ity Sun l>own ; anil at ID run oik
tint KiMtkH of CaHtiill, liiitt (iott oil'.
May 1 at nmt n'rinrk in tint niorning Oott to KoHtnii, Ihii Itoati! Itringing ini' "ik
Shori! tiiiiliiig thr family wttll, kc
2 Wiint to Siiill»iiry.
r> Chartitritil tlitt Hclioonnr ('harmiiii/ Mtilh/, (Captain Crow.
(I wi'iit to Kramingliam iiiiHiting of I'roprintoiH.
15 till! VitHMcl Kitaily to Sail, Hiit waitH for a winil.
2.'t in tint moi'iiiiig tin; wiml fair ami tint ViiHHitll Hailoil for AiinapoliH Koyul.
2(1 at night a Hail Mtonii on Shunt Himtoii,
Jllllt! 5 ('apt. Crow rittiirnitil tn linHtnn.
10 Saihtil again fnr AnnapoliH.
25 nrriv<!il at AnnapoliH Knyall.
28 ('aptn. Crow Haili'il Mark fnr Itimton.
•July hail a imtittiiig nf tint i'rnpriotorH* Kntitritil on tint I'lililii: Sitrvint ISfiiig
(/'hiiHcn nmt nf tin- Coiiiinittuu for Laying out (.iiiiiiIh, ami town Coniiiiiltitf
A TritaHiiiitr of tint Town.
Aug. 27 KiniHlntil Laying out LnttH fnr tin; lii'Ht Sitttloi'H,
Ont. H lt(tgan tn Lay nut [..ntlH fnr Hiti:oinl SittthiiH.
Nov. I at Night iiuulit an Kinl at I'ritmtiit,
14 Kitgan my hoiimt.
IH a (<rat<t Snow itaiiiit on.
28 a Shi|i Caiini in with Kcliitf for tint Ctiri. ((JairiHon — W. A.C, )
Ihcn follows "A lAnt of NainnH of 1' ^lingoPH for aniiapoiiH Koyall <»ii
Board tho Charmintj Molly, May 17tli, 1700."
Jonathan 'I'liayitr. Nathaniitl KawHoii. •lonatlian Cliiintli.
(•iilcon Allio. Sainiiul t'crkinH. Hcnjamiii MaHon.
* y\t AniiapnliK'f
IIISTOIIY «>K ANNAroi,IS. 161
"Iwuic Koiit. *KIm'iii'/.«!i Ktili'li. *Mi<!hiuil S|iurT ft wifii
Sli'liliiri Kirn, TlioriiiiH Daiiiiiii, 3 noiih iirid .'< iliiiiKlilcrH.
hiiiiii'l Siiiiiiu!!'. iliiliii l>atri<iM. iliiliii VV'iriHlow.
>liiH<'|ili Mi'ihIiiiII. KiIiiiuiiiI IliiiiHiii. '.Iiiliii Wliilniiiri.
"riKitiiiiN ||ii()|ii'r' Williiini ('iirliH ^ witV. Micliiirl I.iiw.
wifr, HiiiiH A, ,'{ <liill){lilii|'N. hiiliii'l MiMiii', .liiliri lliiriili.
VVilliiiMi VVilliiiiriH. 'Siuniinl Kttiit. 'niiiiii'l l''i'lrli,
.Inliii Mill. 'Ilriali (;iiu'k. Mtiwijiii Kii:i!.
"AliiiiT MdiHf. 'Saiiiiicl MofMO. •Ildriah Kirc.
In nil forty iivx houIh. To t.liis " liJHt " Ih a|i|i(ttMl<Ml tin! following
iiitt^ntHtiii^ Ht.iit.i^iiKtnt .showing tlie niiinlnfr uiid ilcH(;i'i[)t.ioii of iJio <;ii(,|.|<-
wliicli wciT )ii'oti;{lit, ill I.Ik^ (Jhartuiuf/ Mollif wil.li tliti idiiiich of tJioHd to
whom llicy Imloiif^fd :
Oxfii. (,'c)WM. lliirMrH. Hlircp. Hwliii'.
■ Iiiiinl liaii 'I'liayri' 2
(iiiliM.ri Allif 2
•llwKi.: Kent 2 I
•Micliai'l S|»mT 'I I
Jfiliii VViimlow '2
*l)iMii'<iii (.liilin) VVIiitiiian . '2 .. 10 I Hiiiiw I'iKK with |>iKK^>
4 calvt'H anil II IhiiiIih.
Daniel Miiiii'i!, jiiii '2 I
Dnnii'l Smiincr . '2 I
"U.^iiah Kir., 2 '2
'Al r Mi.im, 2 '2 ICI.vrH...
_. <'l'l) .- _
ToUl Ill II 2 10 I II laiiiliK, 7 Hiimll catllt!.
Ill ailiiiliitii Id llirHr wi, add, "oiii' dii^, hIoi-ch, idit^HtH, caHkM, and iiUwitialH Klirll
HHi'aitH, wliraJH, |d(iwn, rtc."
Tlu- followiii}^ iniiiiior/itiduiii cojiiiHl from tliiw MM. hhimiih I.<i )^iv«! Hoino
<if till! rmiiH'H of tlioHii Hcit.l-lcM'H who arriviwi Hoiiiowhat lut«!r in the. Huinnidr
of 1 760 :
Oxi'ii. I'nwH, llorHi'H. Hhv«|i.
( -'iiptaiii I'hiimaH Loviat 2 2 1 20
OlMMJiah Wlieiilock Scuttle.
Aiiroii llaniy . . . . . . 5 ciittlu.
.Mf)K(!H 'I liaycr . . 1
•liiH<i|ili l)aiiiidH 2
Hi^ii jariiii Katun H . . 1 . . I cult.
'I'lioii. H .Stnitli I
•IoIms (IiiHliiiiK I 1
Klii'iit'/.cr I'riry 2
.loliii HakiT I iSliu('.|iiUulHuwt, hay
Wiiiiioii ili-niiiMon 2 . I 20
I'miiI naHtdtiiii) 2 I I
William MowIi'h 2 I 1
In a(l(liti<in to th^^s(! iiainiiH an* in(!ntioii<t(l tluwo of ('apt. (Jaten and
Mr. (iravi-H, in an account of (ixpciiHiiH incurntd in tint huilding of a lioat
at Aniiajiolis prolialily a fciiy-lioat j. -tliiH Hununor (I7(i0).
•ThoHc miirkud tlnm hiivo poHturity Btill living in tho roiinty.
I MiH d(mi!«)iidantH still ()i:<Mi|iy and own tlii! lot tlitnr iiiK^cMtdi'H Ruttliid on,
t iSaiiriiiil llaii'iH wiih tlii! naiiiit of Uiti lii'Ht " fitrryniaii " at AnnapoliH.
lr)2
IIIS'KlKY OK ANNAl'OLIS.
Tlio fort'^oiii^ ^iv<>H nil tlit^ iiiiitorial faotH in thn journiil of Mr, Kvans.
Fii tluH and tin* following,' y«ar the lands of this townnhip wero divided
int(» lots for tho new settlers hy u c-omniittuo, of which Mr KvanH was an
active and directive nxMnlHir. Eac;!) of them had allottod to him a wo<mI-
lot consisting of five iiundred acres, in additioti to an e(|uitable portion of
the cultivated marsh and upland, which had lH!en previously the property
of the French inhabitants. The settlers seem at once to have taken
possession of their lots and to have connnenced iniprovin:; them. From
the public documttnts which have been preserved in the urciiive.s of the
Province, we are enabled to catch an occasioinil f,'limpse of them and tlmir
doinj{8 in their new iiomes. Before proceedin){, however, to relate these
particulars, T shall quote so.ne interesting facts gleaned from the census
of 17(i8 and 1770, which are furnished by original returns made by orde-
of the (Jovernment. The returns for both these years, j^ive the names of
the new settlers then r(>mainin,t{ in the occupany of V,he township. The
following is a copy of that for the former year :
NAU1C8.
Kertuux, I'liilip . .
Black, Hvrijaniin .
IJeiinott, ThoiniiH .
linlc'diii, SiltiN
BnrnoH, NHtliaiiiul
Hiineroft, Sitnuiul .
Hiirtlett, Khoiio/.or
Hunt, Duviil
"BllHH, .IllHuph . . .
Biikor, John
Bulliveaii, Joan . . .
liiisteraHli, Jtmn . ,
•3
p-
3
1*
4*
4
ji
i
1
<
i
a
V
C
9!
&
■c
^
£
a
6
5
t*»
S
t
CO
Kkmakkk hv tiik
AUTIinK.
■fCoHby, Anne
Canipftell, Robert
(Jliirk, Uriiih
C'orl)ett, iHaiali ...,...,
{Jleavland, Saiiiucl . . . . .
Conio, Francis
(Joino. Francis, jun., and
foul otliersof same name.
Davis, John . . ,
Dodge, Josiah .
JDyson, Alice .
Daniels, Asa . ,
Dunn, John . . .
Dugau(2)
10
15
9 21
4 2
3 4
3 2
3
I
2
,.l
6 2
3
1 2
42
l(i
3 A Rirl liorii this year;
I one male left provincf.
'i|
3 Many descendant)).
Many doscRndants.
. . ' None known.
2 Many deHCcndants.
2 Many descendants,
I ' Many desctendants.
Owned two flshhiKboats
and one schooner.
One flshiiiK l>oat.
3
2
2 3
<>rantee of lot 34 near
Kent's.
All Catholics and
Acadians.
One male and one
female born in 1707.
Many detx-endantH.
Many deMccndants,
French Acadians.
* A hrothor of tlio first Episcopal ))iHhop of MassacluiHottR, His lot was No. 58.
t'Sister of Joseph Winniett and widow of Lieiitenant-(Jovornor Cosby.
X The mother of Mary Dyson, wife of Joseph Winniett.
HISTORY 0¥ ANNAPOLIS.
153
NAM KM.
1
£
i
u
1
i
1
1
1
.i
1
<
2
3
2
4
2
2
s
1
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a
2
4
3
3
3
7
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*}
2
Ik
3
4
2
4
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.■■)
1
1
io
4
4
o
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2
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2
1
B
4
2
2
e
.T
2
2
2
2
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2
5
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23
(1
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4
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2
r>
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7
8
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7
13
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27
4
10
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.3
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25
14
4
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7
1
'9
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,"
1
in
ItRVAHKH HY TIIK
AlTnOH.
'Kiwlon, )T(ihn
;f
3
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4
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i8
'1
1
4
4
KK)
1
10
10
28
i3
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12
8
10
20
1
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24
is
19
3
1
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1
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4
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T
1
2
2
2
2
1
3
3
* *
4
"3
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
3
2
One miw mill. Oewen-
iliintH.
.Mitiiv ilcHOfiidnntH.
KviiiiN, Ht'iiry
l! 2
2\ 1
i 1
a 1
1 1
2 1
..
Krost, .loliii . .
Kelcli, KlMinn/or
Kulcll, l)(lllit!l
Kislicr, Nutliitiiiitl
Hitny (tpud'nilantN.
Many dcHceiidaiiti.
< Irant, Daviil
<!row, Kilwai'cl
fCiiituH, Olilhiitn
(1 4
2
''2
10
2
H
r*
3
2
2
13
2
4
1
3
i
1
1
2
1
1
2
?
2
2
Owiipda flxhlnK Ixiat.
(iauilut, iIoBuph
Hai'<ly, Aurori
1
1
o
.'■>
4
'2
»
1
4
3
1
3
Aradlnii. Owiii-il a llsh-
llIK liout.
Hiki'ily, Aiiroii, jiiii
Hai tIm, John
Hour, Jonuthiiii
OcM^cndanU.
Owned a flahinirhnat.
Owned twoAHhintrl^f^Ati
Karilwick, Htsnry
Muni, .lacoJ)
DcHi'tMidantH.
Owni-d \(t\»\, and i*aw
mill.
Dt-BcendantM.
Owni'd a Kriit-mill-
One child Imrn, 17«7.
Dewendanta.
Many dewcndantH.
Owned OuhinK boat.
Hoopur, TlioinuH
Koniliil, KliHhii
6
2
4
(i
•2
1
1
o
T
»
2
3
.3
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
r>
3
4
2
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
7
4
1
3
.3
1
i
J
•{
7
7
7
9
1
I
7
2
2
3
1
9
4
(i
.5
4
3
1
4
6
8
1
7
1
1
H
2
4
Kt'nt, Isaar
Lecain, FranciH
LinHlitVi .lohn
Lee, 'J honiaH
tLaiif^hiy, .lohn
I^awroncf, William
Lawntnce, liannuh
Lawrencn, Jonathan
I^ovett, I'liincaH
Lf ))lani:, CharleH
Morao, Altnor
Many deiU'rndantH.
WaH a MIbm MesMenKer,
Owned a griiit and naw
mill.
Acadian. Kiihini; boat.
Child born in 1707.
MorHo, SanuitsI
Morgan, Ann
Mealnian, (,'harluH
McHsenger, ElHtne/nr
MesHongor, Khenezer, jun.
MorriHon, .loHeph
Parker, Nathaniel
I'ayson, Jonathan
Rhodda, Stephen
Ilieo, JoHeph
Kice, Judali
Rieo, Bonjaniin
Wife a (;hurch.
Wife a Church.
A widow-three son^.
NnnierousdeBccndiinlH.
NnmerouHdcHcemlant*.
Many descendants.
Many deHcendants.
Kice, Margaret
Kice, John
Kice, Timothy
Kice, Kbeno/.er
.3
if
DesccndantH.
Descendants.
Descendants.
• See momoirH of KaHHon in another part of this book.
t Owned one thouwind aci-os of land — lots Nos. (iO and (Jl, near Clark's ferry.
t Had lots NoH. 83 and 84.
154
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
NAMKS.
Smith, John
Sanders, Pardon . .
Sannders, Timothy
Simpson, Henjaniin
Spurr, Michael ...
«
1
1
t
i
1
U4
i
JS
1
8
x
1
<
£
I
d
V
be
B
§
>>
0.
%
5
00 1
Kemarkr by Tim
Author.
Wilkie, James
Walker, Robert
tWinniett, Magdalen . . .
Williams, Thomas
Winniett, Joseph
Worthylake, Koenezer . .
JWinniett, Matthew . . .
Wood, Rev. Thomas . . . .
Wood, William
Wheelock, Obadiah
Wheelook, Klias
Wheelock, .Joseph
Winslow, .John Howard .
Winchester, Nathan . . .
Whitman Mercy
1
4
5
1
4
2
2
1
6
1
7
2
17
9
15
23
2
1
4
5
1
4
2
1
2
2
, ,
, ,
4
, ,
, ,
..
, ,
5
5
• •
••
10
i
.3
••
2
2
3
4
1
6
2
2
2
1
2
2
6
1
••
1
5
1
2
6
8
4
2
8
15
2
2
1
3
3
1
5
2
5
4
2
• •
2
4
5
1
8
4
8
4
6
24
1
2
2
. . 1. .
4
1
2
,
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
, ,
2
2
2 . .
2
2
1
I
5
]
6
1
4
2
4
io
4
1
3
4
1
4
4
9
16
2
2
1
3
1
2
4
3
1
2
2
,
5
2
5
6
1
2
.S
5
3
1
2
4
3
5
3
. . 1 . .
8
2
2
4
3
5
4
i
9
1
1
4
2
2
2
Saw-mill— out 4,000 feet
of Inmber, 1767.*
Owned a saw-mill.
Many (lescendanbi.
Many descendants.
Many descendants.
Many descendants.
Many descendants.
None.
Many descendants.
Widow.
The facts above given may be summarized thus : The total population
was 513, of whom 445 were Protestant and 68 Roman Catholic; 370 of
them were of American birth, 40 of English, 8 of Scotch, 20 of Irish,
and 67 of Acadian birth, and 8 of foreign origin. Of cattle there were
832, of horses 76, of sheep 589, of swine 108. Of mills there were eight
— four saw and four grist mills. Of vessels there were two schooners
and nineteen fishing boats. The number of families was 99, and the
average of each family slightly exceeded 5. The smallest household
comprised only one member ; the largest contained ten individuals. The
people were chiefly, in fact almost wholly, devoted to agricultural
pursuits, and in the preceding year they raised of wheat 539 bushels, or
a trifle over one bushel per head of the population ; of barley- 446
bushels, or less than a bushel to each ; of rye 317 bushels, being a small
percentage over one-half bushel to each ; it is therefore certain that
wheat was the leading grain crop of this period. I now proceed to lay
before the reader a portion of the census returns for the year 1770.
* The MS. leaves it uncertain t '"Inch of the three names. Smith, Sanders or
Saunders, the ownership of the mih , intended to be imputed. It can only be
shown by reference to the original return. The Saunders family were early engaged
in lumbering. — [Ed.]
t Widow of William Winniett, and mothe' .•" Joseph.
X Brother of Joseph ; never marrie<i.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
155
NAME.
Bancroft, Saimiel
Bakoni, .Samuel. .
BasH, Josepli . . . .
Bent, Daviil
Baker, John . . . .
Bertaux, Philip . .
Balconi, Silas. . . .
Basterash, Jean . .
('lark,' Uriah
Corbett, Isaiah ....
Cleaveland, Samuel
Conio, Francis, jun
Como, Francis ....
Conio, Jean
Como, Justin
Dunn, John . .
Daniels, Asa .
Davis, Elias . .
Dyson, Alice .
Dodge, Josiah
Davis, John .
Evans, Henry
Kasaon, John .
Folch, Daniel ....
Fisher, Nathaniel
Felch, Ebenezer .
Frost, John
§ I s
8
6
10
8
7
5
6
7
7
7
tt
5
4
5
a
10
5
«
3
7
3
4
2
5
4
3
1
Hardy, Aaron, jun 7
Hanly, Aaron, sen 2
Hooper, Thomas 7
Hai'dwick, Henry 6
Harris, John 8
Kent, Isaac I 9
Kendall, Elisha 1 8
Langley, John . . 7
Lawrence, William ,3
[.Awrence, Jonathan 4
Lawrence, Hannah 2
Lovett, Phineas [ 4
Linsley, John j 2
Lecain, Francis | 10
Leblanc, Charles j 4
i
Morse, Abner i 9
Morse, Samuel i 5
Morrison, Archibald 8
Messenger, Ebenezer j 4
Messenger, Ebenezer, jun ! 3
Morgan, George I 8
i
-"2
? p
J2 in
St
•c
2
f» ;
1
3
o
4
7
4
3
3
4
5
1
5
4
5
6
8
2
3
2
3
1
2
4
2
4
5
2
,
3
2
5
2
, ,
7
4
2
o
9
6
6
2
2
2
3
8
4
2
7
2
3
4
2
i
7
40
572
»9r>
500
570
li)(»
1038
272
500
ioo
100
100
500
500
500
400
1000
500
642
1000
748
100
430
1000
2 i
1
2
500
1498
491
300
500
15
500
2163
2000
I 1046
i 769
.320
900
132
150
Obliterated.
156
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
NAMK.
si,
1
J
1
i
Irish.
1
a'
■2
if
Parker, Nathaniel . . . .
Paj'sun, Jonathan
Rice, Timothy
Rice, Jiidah
Rice, Beriah
Rice, Ebenezer, jun . . .
Rice, Ebenezer
Rice, John
Rhodda, Stephen
Simpson, Benjamin
Spurr, Michael
Sanders, Pardon
Wheelock, Eliaa
VVheelock, Obadiah . . ,
Winslow, John H
Wheelock, Joseph . . , .
Winchester, Nathan . ,
Whitman, Mercy ....
Worthylake, Eliisnezer
Winniett, Joseph ....
Winniett, Magdalen . .
Williams, Thomas
Winniett, Matthew . .
Wilkie, Mai-y
Wood. William
Wl»e«Ier, James
Wood, Rev. Thomas .
Walker, Thomas
Walker, Robert
5
6
3
8
1
3
4
6
4
II
7
5
4
6
2
10
10
6
12
5
8
I
4
6
4
5
8
7
2
3
4
2
••
3
3
5
I
, ,
2
I
4
2
4
6
i
2
2
5
6
6
■ •.
I
4
I
2
2
2
4
2
7
3
7
3
4
2
10
2
2
I
6
1
4
4
2
2
I
4
1
6
I
••
6
i
I
412
1000
1449
l.SOO
1000
262
500
ios
500
1000
1000
340
750
1000
728
2000
100
665
1000
344
.364
150
500
400
100
Comparing these results with those of 1768, it will be seen that there
was a decrease in the total of population equal to 17 per cent., while
there was an increase in the Acadian or native portion of it of 230 per
cent, in three years. The decrease in the Amei'ican-born as shown by
these census was about 54 per cent. This decrease may be accounted
for in more than one way. An analysis of the names proves that twenty-
four families removed from the township during the interval, some of
whom no doubt, being dissatisfied with their position, returned to the
colony whence they came, and others removed to other townships. The
names of the families who thus left the township were as follows : Black,
Bennett, Barnes, Bartlett, Belliveau, Cosby (Ann), Campbell, four
Comos and two Dugaats, Frost, Grant, Grow, Gates (Oldham), Garidet,
Hoar, Hurd, Lee, Mealman, Rice, Smith, Saunders. Those printed in
italics were Acadian Frenchmen and probably removed to Clare to settle
among their countrymen, who had found their way thither after exile,
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 157
while some of the remaining ones, as Gates and Saunders (Timothy)
removed to Wilmot, and Spencer and others to Granville. The subjoined
is an abstract from a manuscript, entitled " State and Condition of Nova
Scotia, 1763":
" In this county — Annapolis— arc only two townshipH (to wit) Annapolis and
Granville. Annapolis han about sixty families, and Granville eighty. Most of these
inhabitants have large stocks of cattle ; at least 1,600 head of horned cattle were
wintered over by them last year, but they 8uffere<l much for want of bread, the
inhabitants being reduced to the necessity of eating the Grain they had reserved for
Seed, which will reduce them to Necessity this year also unless they can obtain some
small supply. It is conjectured alwut 500 bushels Corn will be sufficient for that
end, and if they could be supplied with 200 bushels of Wiieat for Seed Karly in the
spring, these two townships would subsist without further assistance, and be able to
pay next year for lulvances."
" A Court of Common Pleas has been erected consisting of foiu- judges. Two are
since dea<l and two wanting to fill their places.* A Commissioner of Sewera for
Repairing and amending the Dykes in the township of Granville, is much wanted."
" Five Justices have been nominated for Granville but not yet appointed. The
townships have none to represent them in the General Assembly. The proprietors
of Annapolis and Granville have not yet got a grant + of their lands. A List for that
End has been settled by a C^ommittee of Council and approved of."
" Something is necessary to be done for the Piiblic Roads in these townahips.
£50 has l)een voted in Council, £20 of which has been paid ; the remainder laid out
before winter woidd be very useful."
In August, 1763, Judge Hoar, in a letter J to Governor Lawrence,
recommends William Graves and Benjamin Shaw for subaltern commis-
sions in Captain Hall's company of militia ; Samuel Wade and Paul
Crocker for Captain 's company ; Abner Morse and Joseph Bass
for Captain Evans' company ; iiiforms His Excellency of the refusal of
Mr. Lovett to accept a captain's commission, and recommends Mr.
Oldham (iates in his place, and expresses his regret that " one Captain
Jabez Snow was neglected, one that was a captain all last war, and
behaved with reputation." The Snows of Queens and Shelburne coun-
ties are descended from this person. The Captain Hall referred to in
this communication was John Hall who came to Granville alx)ut the
year 1760 with his wife and family, the latter at that time consisting of
two children. His descendants are very numerous aiiu widely scattered
v'ver the maritime colonies. Among these the rea ^c- may note the name
' ' S. S. Hall, Esq., a leading merchant of St. John, New Brunswick ;
* The assertion that two of the four judges of this court had died since its insti-
tution in ITttl, recjuires corroboration, ^le88rs. Hoar, Evans and Winniett were
certainly all living in 1763, yet the writer was certainly in a position to know the
facts.
+ It seems certain from this statement that the grant of 1759 had been cancelled,
and the title to these lands reve8te<l in the Crown. Yet there appears to be no
record of an escheat extant.
J See this letter in full in memoirs of Mr. Hoar.
158 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Ml". J.'vines I. Fellow.s, the celebrated druggist and chemist,* lately agent
for the Province of New Brunswick in London ; of the late James H.
Thome, Esq., of the Post-ottice Money Order Department in Halifax,
and the Messieurs Hall, stationers of the same city, who are his great-
grandsons, f The Samuel Wade spoken of was a son of Captain John
Wade who, tradition affirms, was at the final capture of Louisburg anfl
Quebec, having served with the colonial troops who wore employed, and
who so nobly distinguished themselves in these undertakings. His
great-grandcliildren are to be found in great numbers in the Province,
and are generally distinguished by industrious habits and integrity of
character. The descendants of Messieurs Graves and Crocker are like-
wise numerous and to be found in Wilmot and Aylesford, and those of
Mr. Gates are also to be found in that section of the country.
In 1770 there was a general election, and Phineas Lovett, Esq. — the
" Captain " Lovett mentioned in Hoar's letter to Lawrence — and Joseph
Patten, Esq., were chosen as members of the new assembly for the
tounty ; and Obadiah Wheelock and John Harris, Esqs., for Annapolis
and Granville respectively. Full notices of these gentlemen will be
found in another place, to which the reader is referred. At this time
road commissioners for the county were appointed, whose duty it was to
spend the sums granted for the road service and to collect the taxes
levied on the people for that purpose, and to report to the Government
from time to time on the condition of the public highways and the
financial requirements concerning them.
During the period from 1770 to 1780 the work of clearing the forests,
reclaiming the wild lands, and turning them into tasteful and profitable
farms went steadily and successfully, yet slowly onward, in the valley
sections of this township, the regions beyond the adjoining heights being
a terra incognita, except to a few adventurous hunters and trappers.
The river afforded the chief means of transit in the summer season, the
grist and saw mills being accessible in this way, and the transport of all
heavy materials was carried on by means of boats and scows ; yet,
as we have seen, the land thoroughfares were not entirely neglected,
though it was not until after the arrival of the Loyalists in 1783 that
rapid strides of improvement were made in this direction. In the
county town we catch here and there a glimpse of the inhabitants. In
1776 and 1777 we see Mrs. Mary Wilkie, widow of James Wilkie, in
her trim little grocery store, where, among other things, she sold a " wee
drap " of rum, which she had bought from Mr. John Fillis, wholesale
merchant of Halifax. Andrew Ritchie, too, in 1777, was well supplied
"Inventor of the well-known "compound syrup of hypophosphitos." He has
recently died. — [Ed.]
t See other particulars in memoirs of Mr. Hall.
Sir William Fenwick Williams, K.C.U.,
lA-iiliiiatil-(loririiitr of Xora Srolla.
HlSTOnV OF ANNAI'OLIS. 159
witli the same article by John Winslow of tlie Hiime city, and also with
Hii equal nuinher of gallons of molasaea. Tlio Rev. Thomas Wood, most
worthy of missionaries as he was, was supplied with twenty-eight
gallons of wine (for sacramental and medicinal purpose:!) by James
Brown, wine merchant of the Capital; and "Captain" Titus who
prefeired wine to the stronger beverage, imported fifty-four gallons of
wine to be used as occasion served ; and Captain Robert Young, who
nmst have run a public-house, required 206 gallons of rum with which
to sui)ply his customers.
The leading magistrates were Joseph Winniett, who held maity of the
most important county otKces, and Thomas Williams, both of whose
families have furnished the Grown with an opportunity to reward
distinguished .services with knight hoofl, a grandson of each having
received that distingui.shetl honour at the hands of their Sovereign Liidy,
our present Queen. It was during this decade that Anne and Mary,
Elizabeth and Margaret Winniett — the two younger si.sters Alice and
Martha not having pas.sed beyond the initial "teen" — -were the recog-
nized l)elles of tlie day, and the objects of admiration by the officers of
the garrison. Three of them, Mary, Elizabeth and Margaret, became
the wives of Messieurs Hamilton, Nunn and Wolseley, respectively, and
when military duty commanded, left their native town, no doubt with
regret, to form new associations in other, and to them alien lands.
At this periofl the mails were carried from Halifax to Annapolis once
every fortnight, and vice versa, partly on horseback and partly by a foot
postman. A vehicle, other than the commonest of common carts, was a
thing yet several years in the future. The winter was tlie joyous and
truly enjoyable season of the year, for it was then that the " horse-sled "
was put into requisition by old and young, the roads admitting its use,
while, from their rude condition they refused to permit the transit of a
wheeled carriage. It was therefore in this season that a round of
visiting was planned and carried out, of visits to relatives in other
townships, and friends in remote settlements ; of the bride in the ' ack-
woods to the home of her girlhood ; of the lover to the plantation where
dwelt his " charming " Molly or Sally or Patty as the case may be ; or of
the "old people" to the new log-house in the forest, of which their
eldest daughter had, during the year, been made the mistress by the
stout hearted and ready-handed young yeoman who now called her by
the endearing name of wife ; while in older settlements the apples of the
French orchards aiforded at once the materials for excellent cider and
" paring parties," which the people of the old metropolitan county have
not yet entirely forgotten to enjoy.
160
HISTOUY OF ANNAroUS.
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER X.
The following is a correct list of the namoH inserted in the first grant
of the township of Annapolis, in 1769, which for convenience tif reference
I have arranged in alphal)etical order. Quit« a number of the persons
named never came to the county, which was the case with many named
in the first township grants in every county in the Province :
Abbott, Kplii'iiiin.
Abbott, tU>bn.
ArniHtrong, Timothj.
Bacon, Daniel.
Bacon, John.
Bacon, Stephen.
Baldwin, Nahiim.
BarneH, Timothy.
Bent, Elijah.
Bent, HopeHtill.
Bent, Micah.
Bent, P.
Bent, Thomas.
Bertaux, Philip (Annapolis),
Bird, Benjamin.
Bird, Benjamin, jun.
Boiitcin, \Vm. (Annapolis).
Brewer, James.
Brewer, Jonathan.
Brewer, Moses.
Brown, Kbenezer.
Brown, Samuel.
Brown, Thomas.
Brown, William.
Cheney, Timothy.
Clapp, Joel.
Coolidge, Hezekiah.
Coolidge, Josiah.
Corey, Benjamin.
Uaggart, Samuel.
Damon, Thomas.
Dan, William.
Darko, Benjamin.
Darks, I^njamin, jun.
Darks, David.
Davis, Caleb.
Davis, Joshua.
Eddy, Benjamin.
Emmes, John.
KvanH, Henry.
Evans, John.
Farrur, (Jettrge, jun.
Felch, Ebcnezor.
Uanlner, John.
Gates, Amos.
Qibbs, Isaac, jun.
(libbs, William.
Gibson, Isajic.
Gibson, Nathaniel.
Gibson, Timothy,
(iiggs, Samuel.
Gla/.in, Benjamin.
Glazin, Jason, jun.
Glazin, Jason 3nl.
. Gisldward, William.
Graves, Thomas.
Hagar, Isaac, jun.
HaU, John.
Hasey, Nathaniel.
Healy, Aaron.
Healy, Nathaniel.
Heard, Richard.
Hemmingway, Sylvanus.
Hoar, Josiah.
Jenkins, Josepli.
Keir, John.
Kendall, VAea,7,er,
Kendall, Elijah.
Knight, Samuel.
Knight, Stephen.
Lecain, Francis,
Lyon, Enoch.
May, Aaron.
McCuUough, James.
McNamara, John.
Mereim, John.
M(N>re, Daniel, jun.
Mossman, James.
.M\r/./.ey, Benjamin.
Muzxe}-, Nathaniel.
Newton, Simon.
Pierce, Moseh,
Pool, Samuel.
Powney, George.
Rice, El»enezer.
Rice, Eliakim.
Rice, Ezekiel.
Rice, John.
Rice, Matthias.
RichardHon, Antonie.
Rixon, John.
Rixon, Thomas.
Salter, Malachi (Halifax).
Sanders, Pardon( Annapolis).
Seaver, Comfort.
Smith, Ebenezer.
Spurr, Michael.
Stimhope, Samuel.
Stone, Jesse.
Stone, Samuel.
Troobridge, Thomas.
Underwood, .Jonathan.
Underwood, Timothy.
Whitney, Jason.
Winslow, John Howard.
Wintworth, Edward.
Woo<lward, Isaac.
Woodwar<l, John.
Woodward, Josiah.
Worthylake, Ebenezer.
Wyar, James.
("llAI'TKlt XI.
TOWNSHIP OK ANNAPOLIS, CONCLITDEI).
liy till L'Uitur.
Loyalist refugeuH anive— Invasion of tlio town in I7S1 — Tiie L()yftIiHtH — A plot to
rol) ami nuiiiler in 17H5 Capitation tax list of 1 7!t'i— Court-house and juil -
Town otlicers, 171t7— iK'si'i'iption of the town in 1804— The Hnnie in I82H — Its
antiipiity — The fort— ('hurohes — Old buildings — Tiie tire record Revived
prosperity — Appendix — A reniarkalile prayer;— Verses — Relics — Tlie Gold-
Hniiths — Tlie " Rising Village."
T^HE bieakin{( out of tho Civil War in tiie older colonies could not
fail to deeply interest the people of tliis county. Some of the
class known as " Loyalist Itefugees " came and settled here from time to
time as the disaflection in those colonies became more pronounced.
Disapproving of the measures of tiie malcontents, from which they foresaw
sanguinary consecjuences, they sought to escape by a timely removal with
their families and fortunes to a community that was peaceful and
contented. Immigrants bound to the older colonies, but discouraged by
the gloomy prospect which met them there, turned their steps hitherward,
where better securities for " life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness "
seemed to them to present themselves. This accession to our population
was of course, when hostilities at length began, augmented in conse(|Uence
of the bitter persecutions instituted against any who so'ight even to
remain neutral between the contending parties. It is unjust to consider
this class of Loyalists any less meritorious than the exiles of 1783. They
were ecjually devoted to the darling principle of a " United Empire," and
cheerfully rendered the loyal service which allegiance and patriotism
demanded of them in their new homes, while their influence did much to
encourage and promote a loyal sentiment among their new neighbours
and associates, natives of the colonies in revolt, and children of such
natives ; and when the Province was threatened with invasion, they
rallied for its defence in " Royal Emigrant Companies."
The early settlers in Cumberland and Kings counties memorialized
the Government, asking for the same exemption that Governor Phillipps
had granted the Acadians as a qualification of the ordinaiy oatli of
11
ir»2 HIHTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS.
ulli>>(iiiiicf, Hiiyin^', "It would In* th« great "nt pioco of cruelty iind injuHtice "
tor them to lie "suSjected to iniiicli iiitc different piirts in iirnis iigninst
friends luid relutioiis." Hut as a r\ile tli«> Hyiii])atliies of the peopht of thin
uounty, lia|)py in th**ir new and valua1il> poNsessions, and disre^^arding
mere sentinH'ntal g'^ifvances, were with the (iovernnient, to whcne bounty
they were ho freshly indebted — a f w notable eases (fxeepted. One WiiH
that of William IIo\m', son oF the worthy and celebrated Edward How,
whose history is elsewhere given. We are not justified in attributing to
Phineas [x)vett and John Mall any adverse sentimentH stnmger than
sympathy with the objects for which tin colonists professed to contend in
the earlier stages of tin agitaticm that j receded and inaugurated a civil
war that was s(K»n to bn directed to other aims anil objects than the mere
" redress of grievances. A certain sympal liy Ijorn of solicitude for friends
and kinspeople engaged in deadly conflict, « ith or v, -tliouf entire approval
of the cause for which thvy lough^; can scarcely fail to find a place in
human hearts. Solicitude and .sympathy affect tha I'idgmeut, ho that a
minority is often iurne<l into a majority when the 8\\ord of nuthority is
invoked for the suppres*^ii)n of a rel)ellion territorial in its area.
The " Acts for the Pacification of America," passed by the British
Parliament, February I7th, 1778, conceding to the colonies everything
chey had asked for before they had resorted to arms — more, indeed, than
their authorized representatives and delegates had ever claimed — checked
any murmurs of disaffection in Nova Scotia, and made any attempt at
separation <m her part as unjustifiable as it would be to-day, or aa the
.secession of the Southern States was in 18G0. This town, however, was
not long to rest in the enjoyment of the coveted security. Colonel
Phineas Lovett. happening to be a passenger in a vessel sailing from
Salem to Machias, Me., was interviewed by ono Stephen Smith, who had
been a delegate to the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts Bay.
Smith inquired of him about the state of the forts at the mouth of the
St. John River and at Annapolis, and as to the probable disposition of
the people in the event of an attempt by the Continentals to capture the
country. Mr. Lovett promptly informed the local authorities at
Annapolis of this conversation, and a petition signed by Rev. Thomas
Wood, Thomas Williams, ordnance store-keeper, Colonel William Shaw
and John Ritchie, with a letter from Matthew Winniett, was sent to the
Government a.sking for a supply of arms and ammunition. Mr. Lovett,
who probably was despatched with these documents, appeared before the
Council and was examined. As a result, by an order of July 24th, 1775,
a supply was sent consisting of six barrels of gunpowder, ball in propor-
tion, and four G-pounders for the forts at Annapolis and Granville.
On August 26th, a light infantry company of fifty men was ordered to
be formed at Annapolis. Following close upon this, the Council requested
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 163
Ouptaiii Ln Crns that MIm Mujcsty's ship Tartar hIiuuUI go to AnnupoliH
to iiHsist in its protuction. In 177(>, militia were garriNoiiing Ixttli tho
forts at Annapolis and (Joat Island. Th** Spring Circuit of th»< Supreme
Court that year was dispensed with, to avert a possible capture of tlie
judge and officers of the court by piratical cruisers in the Bay of Fundy.
In short, the settlements in the western parts of Nova Scotia were kept
in a ptM'petual state of terror from the l)eginning to the end of the war,
during whicli none of our j)eople were more loyal or attache<l to the
(iovernment than the returned Acadians. On August 28th, 17H1, two
rebel schooners, one of twelve and the other of Um carriage guns, with
eighty men. came up the river, and landed half the men under cover of
night. They first, according to Murdoch, surprised tho guard, consisting
of three soldiers from the forts on the St. John River, who were luileep,
entered the south sally-port and to(»k possession of the barracks within
the stockade, with no loss of life except that of their own pilot, whom
they killed by mistake. A well-authenticated tradition in the town
corrects Murdtwh as to the guard, and declares that there was none what-
ever at the fort on this night. The pilot is .said to have lieen a French-
man, who had two or three years before made himself amenable to the
punishment of branding in the hand for some criminal offence, and now
proposer! to avenge himself by conducting the enemy into the fort and
killing the sheriff whom he expected to find there. He was afterwards
buried by the citizens near the block-house without any ver}' reverential
funeral ceremony. One of the citizens, the late Mr. John Roach, father
of William H. Roach, afterwards M.P.P., who lived near the middle of
the Lower Town, was awakened between midnight and morning by the
noise of an angry discussion on the street, wliich he found on opening the
window proceeded from two armed men apparently disputing over some
property in their possession. One of them at once presented a musket to
him and demanded admittance, having gained which he made him a
prisoner. Another citizen* just then rushed in giving to his neighbour
in excited tones the, by this time, superfluous information that the
"rebels" were in town, adding to the epithet an adjective still less
complimentary, whereupon one of the intrudera pointed his musket at
him, and he, startled, sprang quickly backwards and tripped over a
cradle containing an infant, and fell with his feet upwards across the
cradle in such a ludicrous position that he attributed his escape with his
life to his assailant's amusement at his ridiculous plight. All the able-
bodied inhabitants were in the same way disarmed, mode prisoners and
placed in the moat at the fort, and there guarded by armed men, while
others of the crew plundered every house and store of everything movable,
leaving the townspeople only the garments they were actually clothed in.
* Mr. Coasins.
1C4 HISTORY OV ANNAPOLIS.
No second article of wearing apparel for inner or outer use was Ipft. The
ladies were ai)ared the shoes they had on, hut without the s i- huckles.
It is related that there was a sick lady* in a house h'm the present
Catholic glebe, whose coloured servant went down to the .vater-side and
appealed to them on behalf of the invalid wliom they '.ad deprived of
every necessary as well as comfort. One of them ordering her tj spread
out her apron, they filled it with tea, sugar, etc.
They kept pi)S3es8ion of the town a considerable part of the day,
indulging freely in strong drink, and terrorizing the inhabitants ; but
when they heard a rumour that the militia were mustering in the
surrounding country, they left suddenly, first spiking the cannon in the
fort, and carrying with them as prisoners Thomas Williams, grandfather
of Sir W. F. Williams, and John Ritchie, afterwards M.P.P., grandfather
of Chief Justice, Sir Wm. J. Ritchie, whom they released on parole and
promise of exchange for an American prisoner at Halifax. In connection
with this affair Colonel Phineas Lovett wrote to the Halifax Gazette
as follows : " In yours of the 4th, the public is informed of the taking
of the town of Annapolis Royal on the morning of the 29th August
last, which is true, but that ' when the express came away the pirates
were under full sail standing up for the town again,' and that 'there
were no militia mustering to oppose them,' is absolutely false." Whatever
may be the facts on these points. Colonel Henry Munro, who promptly
came down from Wilmot to offer military assistance, afterwards spoke
in strong terms of reproach of the inactivity ami irresolution of the
officers in comnuind here. In the same year the armed schooner
Advtntiire captured a lebel schooner of sixty tons register, and brought
her into Annapolis to be disposed of. In the spring of 1782, an
American privateer sloop of fifty tons, cairying about forty men and
eight guns, created alarm in the town, chasing a vessel of Captain Mowat
up as far as Goat Island, but in the afternoon of the same day a British
man-of-war, the Jiuckram, coming in, tf)ok her, the men escaping to the
woods.
During this summer a very interesting character was added to the
social and religious life of the town, the Rev. Jacob Bailey, a Loyalist,
who had fled from Pownalborough, Me., tti Halifax in 1779. The
reader is referred to a biography of this clergyman, entitled "A Frontier
Missionary," by Rev. Wm. S. Bartlett (Boston, 1853), in which copious
extracts from his journal are published, showing the conditions of life
and society at that period in Annapolis and Kings counties. Several
hundreds of Loyalist exiles came here directly from their former homes
in the same year.
In 1783, the news that peace had lieen concluded on terms recognizing
* Said to be Mrs. John Ritchie, whose husband they took prisoner.
HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS. 165
the independence of the revolted colonies whs received at first with
doubt and then with dismay in this town and county. Many who
gloried in the traditions of the Empire, men who themselves had helpe<l
to add to the common renown the achievements at Ijouisburju; or Quebec,
now happy in the reward of their services, as well as proud of their part
in contributing to the grand result which promised a lasting )...•.(' and
unfettered progress to their nationality in North America, found it
difficult to tolerate the idea that a territory so lately peopled liy
fellow-heirs of the same heritage of glory should l»e set up into an
independent and rival state, especially under the influence and patronage
of France, regarded by them as the hereditary enemy* of the British race
* The friends of liunuinity and civilization may well rejoice at tlie improved
relations that have existed Jtntweeii Kngland and France during tlie last three-
({uartei's of u century, wliile they might imagine, from the tone of American
writers and s))eakers in tlie press imA in Congress, that tlie United States has
succeeded France as the arch-enemy of the British Empire and people. English
thinkers who, so far from reciprocating such a feeling, rejoice in the great prosperity
of the Republic, console themselves that such utterances are hut the device of
politicians to " catch the Irish vote"; and when Senator Ingalls a few years ago
declared in his jilace that England had alwaj-s been "a very devil amongst the
nations," the Canadian and British press jumped to the conelusicm, and lost no time
in announcing that he was a Fenian fresh from the dynamite plots of the Irish
Invincibles, whereas he is a descendant of one of the Lincolnshire founders of Lynn,
Mass., a graauateof Williams College, Mass., and probably of as pure English blood
as the average native Englishman himself. In our public demonstrations at national
festivals and the like, imr people seek to show a fraternal feeling, as well as to pay a
compliment to American visitors, bj- displaying the American Hag beside our own.
Woe betide the unfortunate man who should attemjit to similarly honour the British
Hag in the United .States. The partial instruction imparted for generations to the
youth of the country in their common school )>ooks and in Fourth of July orations,
replete as these are with bitter and often untruthful invectives, is largely the cause
of this unnatural feeling. A large propo'tion (shall I say, a large majority) of the
American pi-ess exploit a pinchbei;k patriotism l)y proclaiming that Great Britain
and the United States are natural enemies, carefully withhold the Canadian side of
the case and misrepresent the issue in any (piestion that arises between the two
governments, and ])ropound liostilitj- to Vireat Britain and everything British,
especially to Canada as part of the Empire, as a primary duty of American citizen-
ship. In the Civil War Iwtween the United States and the !;.'outhern Confederacy,
American troops were freely allowed to pass by rail over (^inadian territory from
Windsor to the Susjiension Bridge at Niagara Falls, to save time and expense in
bringing them from the Western States and territories to the seat of war ; but a few
years later, when our first North- West rebellion broke out, the force sent from
Ontario and the stores which accomjianied it had to be disembarked at Sault Ste.
Marie an<l carried around the rapids, with great delay, in consequence of the refusal
of the (iovernment of the United States to permit tliem to pass through the St.
Mary's Canal, although the lives of all the white settlers at Fort (Jarry, at the
mercy of half-breeds and savage bands, depended on their jirompt arrival. And
yet ii'c. are denounced in the United States Senate anil jircss as unneighbourly 1
After Canada had consented to a treaty respecting the fisheries, which President
Cleveland pronounced to be perfectly just and satisfactory, in lieu of an old one
of which his people complained, and it was rejected by the United States Senate,
the same President announced to Congress that matters had reached a point at
which it became. their dr^y to <h) all they could to injure Canada ! Sad wcuhl it
be, and a disgrace to our coninion humanity, if we should ever be provoked into
allowing these feelinsjs to become mutual. Let our rulers, as heretofore, stand
strictly within our rights, and let our rulers and people persevere in extending the
olive branch, and leave a monopoly of unstatesmanlike hostility and unworthy
jealousy to such of oui' neighbours as deem it not inconsistent with the <lignity of a
great nation to cherish and evince such sentiments.
166 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
and nation. Deprecating the end at which the extreme revolutionists
aimed, they were aghast at its unexpected accomplishment. Following
fast on the unwelcome news came the living witnesses of its truth in the
swarms of exiled and destitute Loyalists who reached the port. To
these it was no figment of the poet, but a stern and disastrous fact, that
" Honour may be deemed dishonoui',
Loyalty be called a crime."
In modern times the clemency of Anglo-Saxon governments has generally
spared discomfited rebels the penalties to which they are subjected
by the laws alike of civilized and barbarous nations. During the
American revolution it was the paradoxical lot of thopf^ who strove to
uphold legally constituted authority in their respective localities, to suffer
these very penalties in no mild or diluted measure. Assured in their
best judgment and consciences that the circumstances did not warrant
a resort to arms, and that to oppose with arms the national government
were treason and rebellion, alike a crime against human and divine laws
— if they shrank from doing so, or showed favour to authority, they found
themselves amenable to formal indictment, trial and condemnation as
traitors and rebels. To espouse one side in the unhappy struggle
involved them in the guilt of treason ; to favour the other exposed them
to its penalties, applied and enforced by the provincial authorities,
where these were controlled by the insurgents, acting in advance of
established and recognized national existence and autonomy. Even
when the outrage of executions, instead of the milder punishment of
attainder, confiscation and banishment, followed these travesties of the
application of the law of crimen Iwsff majestatis, the Mother Country,
divided in her councils, with weak officers in the field, and devoted to the
policy of merciful measures to restore revolted subjects to allegiance and
union, preferred proposals to reprisals, and conducted the war in a vacil-
lating and irresolute spirit. But the regular, if illegal, action of judges
and juries, and acts of attainder were not all that the unfortunate
Loyalist had to dread. In the absence of these he was exposed to revolt-
ing outrages at the hands of lawless mobs, who, unrestrained, if not
encouraged by those who had grasped authority, set at naught all the
dictates of reason and humanity. Nor did the honest attempt to observe
a strict neutrality shield his person from violence or his property from
spoliation ; and Quakers, whose religious tenets held war in abhorrence in
any case, were whipped* for refusing to fight, or hanged for alleged favour
to the Government, which had afforded them protection, while it claimed
their fealty. The spirit of the insurgents may be discerned in the
•"Jouraal of the Life ami La?)ourB of William Savery, Minister, etc.," p 17.
Savery " Genealogy," p. 147. Carlyle and Roberts executed at Philadelphia in
777.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 167
conduct of those who invaded Cumberland in 1776, when they seized
and carried away the resident Church of England minister, and kept
him a prisoner for sixteen months, although as Nova Scotia had not
asserted hev independence, there could be no question of this non-
combatant's loyalty toward his Provincial Government as well as the
Imperial. The American author of the " Frontier Missionary," referring
to the Loyalist clergy, says : " Should a crisis occur when the citizens of
one of the United States shall be compelled to choose between the
command of his own State and that of the Federal Government, the
position of those clergymen may then be i;ppreciated." Seven years after
these words were written the crisis came. Have American writers
learned the lesson?
In negotiating the treaty of peace the British Government earnestly
pressed the United States for reparation to the Ijoyalists, or their
restoration to the property and estates so unjustly plundered and
confiscated, only to Ije told by the American Commissioners that the
General Congress, which alone they represented, had no authority to
make this concession, but could only recommend it to the governments
of the respective States, in whom the necessary power resided, each
state being entirely independent of the others. As a matter of form the
promised recommendation was made, and except in the case of Georgia,
which tardily and partially complied, it was met in the several legisla-
tures with contempt and expressions of contumely toward the sufferers ;
and redress was refused, in contravention of the usages of civilized
nations to extend amnesty and restoration of civil rights to defeated
combatants who make due submission to the authority of the successful
party in a civil war. Meanwhile, as American publicists and diplomats
have freely with an affectation of gratitude admitted, Gieat Britain
generously "endowed"* the new republic with "gigantic boundaries"
for the sake of " reconciliation," as Lord Shelburne is reported to have
said, and in the conviction that perpetual amity would thenceforth exist
between peoples so identified in religion and blood, and with a community
of moral and material interests, and so recently estranged through the
policy of their respective rulers. This territorial concession was designed
to give room for the development and expansion of a great nation,
united in alliance, if not in allegiance, with the parent State. " Recon-
ciliation," exclaimed Franklin, perhaps with more ingeniousness than
ingenuousness, " that is a sweet word." But he asked too much, when
not satisfied with a vast and most valuable territory outside the limits
of the thirteen colonies, he pleaded as a particularly gracious gift for the
cession of all Canada, thus proposing to cooji up the impoverished
Loyalists and their families within very narrow limits indead. And
* Hon. John Jay.
IG8 HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS.
unfortunately the concessions actually iwule did not close the door to
.sul)se(|uent boundary tlisputes which have brought war clouds to the
hori/on more than once in our day, and liappy would it be if these
were confined to boundaries in which the two nations are really con-
cerned, ft is to be deplored that the early annals of the young uieuiber
of the family of nations, destined to such material, if not moral, great-
ness, should have been stained by such treatment of those whose only
crime was their conscientious adherence to a lost cause : a cause hallowed
to their hearts by the traditions of the ages, and identified in their minds
with the true interests of their country ; but it was on the part of the
new republic a policy as short-sighted as it was vindictive, for it was of
untold advantage to the loyal provinces by driving to these shores a large
body of subjects, intensely, and b}' force of circumstances, more intensely,
devoted to British institutions and the unity and perpetuity of the
Empire. I make these remarks with no desire to keep alive or encourage
a feeling of national resentment in the bosoms of any of our people.
Nothing could be more irrational or unchristian-like than for people to
quarrel because their forefathers tjuarrelled on the issues tliat disturbed
the harmony of men in the distant past, or for a person to hate anothei-
l)ecause the latter's ancestor two or three generations ago did the
ancestor of the former wrong ; and what is folly in the individual is only
aggravated folly and wickedness in the multitude. But the facts
regarding the Loyalists and the reason of their coming here are in
danger of being lost sight of, through their suppression in the most
popular American Iwoks on the history of those days ; and I would fail
in my duty if I did not correct the error so widely prevalent that our
Loyalist ancestors came here of their own free-will, prompted only by a
sentimental and silly fondness for royalty, instead of the necessity to
escape pauperism, or even imprisonment or death in their native
provinces. Halifax, Shelburne, St. John and Annapolis (there being
then no houses at Digb}' to afford them adequate shelter) were the ports
most easily accessible to the expatriated Loyalists, and to these they
flocked in great numbers, hoping, with the aid of the Goveriunent in
whose loj'al service they had lost all, to repair, in part at least, their
shattered fortunes, and to secure for their posterity, with better guarantees
of permanence and of just administration, the blessings of law and con-
stitutional freedom under the flag which, as a national symbol, was as
dear to them as the flag of " the Union" was to any northern volunteer
during the second but less successful American rebellion. Unlike the
fiist English-speaking settlers in the country, they brought with them
nothing but stout hearts and strong and willing hands, and in many
cases mental gifts and culture which added richly to the intellectual, if
not material, wealth of the young cor:munity. Their chief men were from
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 169
the very flower of old colonial society, and there were among them
representatives of every national origin and every religious creed to be
traced among the old colonial population. The author of a small treatise
published anonymously at Edinburgh in 1787, tntilled "The Present
State of Nova Scotia," asserts that Annapolis received an accession of
2,500 by this migration, which increased the extent of the town to six
times its former area, with a population larger than it ever before
possessed.
To give a more accurate account I will quote from Mr. Bailey'.s
journals an(i letters, as reproduced in the biography leferred to. On his
arrival in 1782, he puts the population of Annapolis Royal at 120,
comprised, as he said in a letter written five years later, in eighteen
families, with a considerable numVjer of French in the neighbourhood.
Late in October of that year nine transports, convoyed by two men-of-
war, arrived, bringing five hundred Loyalist refugees, by whom, Mr.
Bailey says, " every habitation is crowded, and many are unable to
procure any lodgings. Many of these dibcressed people left large [con-
fiscated] possessions in the rebellious colonies, and their sufferings on
account of their loyalty and their pre.sent uncertain and destitute con-
dition render them very aft'ecting objects of compassion." In October,
1783, he mentions the arrival of nearly one thousand people from New
York, and in November 1,500 more, " in affecting circumstances, fatigued
with a long and stormy passage, sickly and destitutes of shelter from the
advance of winter." "Several hundreds are .stowed in our church, and
larger numbers are still unprovided for." The 57th I'egiment of troops
also arrived this autumn. A small unfurnished apartment, he said, cost
$3.00 per week rent. He states, on November Cth, 1783, that "the
population of the country," when he arrived in Annapolis, was about
1,500, including French. Since that, between three and four thousand
had been added and several new settlements formed. In 1784 the
court-house and every store and private building was crowded with
people, so that he was obliged to perform divine service at several miles'
distance or at his own habitation. In letters of May 10th and 11th,
1787, Mr. Bailey reports that many people have removed from the
several towns in this county upon their farms, so that Annapolis contains
only forty-five families including negroes, few of them in affluent circum-
stances, and many poor, with about five times as many in the county
under his care. He describes a journey to Clements in the autumn of
this year for the purpose of marrying Shippey Spurr and Alicia Van
Voorhies, going out to Lequille to cross the river at the head of the
tide, and proceeding by a circuitous route over " horrid broken roads, so
encumbered with rocks, holes and gullies, roots of trees and windfalls
and sloughs, that the passage was extremely difficult and dangerous,"
170 HISTORY OF ANN\POLIS.
crossing Moose River also at the head of the tide, making the whole
journey twelve miles.
The Ijoyalists not only soon removerl " upon their farms," or grants of
land allotted to them in various sections of the county, including the
western, or Digby section, but soon crossed to St. John, then Parrtown,
and settled there or up the St. John River, and at Fredericton, and some
after a longer or shorter stay in the county, went to Upper Canada,
where the names of not a few, who had pceviously sojourned in this
county, became afterwards famous.*
Under date 1785, Murdoch relates a circumstance of which I can find
no tradition among the inhabitants, and no mention in any note of the
author, nor does the name of the magistrate occur in contemporary lists
of justices: "At Annapolis a plot was discovered. One Young had
fifty desperate fellows under his command, and they had settled a plan to
be carried out on the Queen's birthnight. While the principal
inliabitants were at the anniversary ball or assembly they were to
murder Justice Bunhill,t plunder the town, and convey the pillage on
board a vessel to Boston. Young was arrested and confined in the jail at
Annapolis." In 1787 a new road to connect the old capital with
Shelburne was commenced ; John Ritchie, Thomas Williams and
Alexander Howe were the commissioners for the expenditure of the
money, and John Harris, M.P.P., the contractor. In 1789, on motion of
Mr. Potter, £40 was voted by the Grand Jury toward building a bridge
over AUain's Creek, and David Seabury, Douwe Ditmars, John Rice and
William Winniett were appointed commissioners to build it. The
bridge, which stood on the site of the present one, was not finished until
1802, when the sum of £200 was granted by the Legislature foi- that
purpose.
In 1791 the Province found itself in debt to the amount of some
$40,000 or .$50,000. It was resolved to pay off this debt, and an Act
was therefore passed, commonly known as the " Capitation Tax Act," by
which all the male inhabitants over twenty-one years old should be taxed,
non-landholders not more than fifty cents per head, and landholders not
more than .$2.00. The author expresses himself as being so fortunate as
to find, among the archives of the Province, the return made by the
•Christopher, father of Sir John Beverley Robinson, Bart. , Chief Justice of Upper
Canada, settled in Wilniot, leaving a kinsman (nephew, I think), who came with
him, in Digby, among whose granachildren is the present postmaster there. The
grandfather of Hon. William McDougall, C.B. , one of the first cabinet of the
Dominion, lived thirteen or fourteen years in Digby. A Mr. Eakins received a
grant of 1,200 acres near Digby, but removed to western Canada where his posterity
are prominent men. One line of the family, in which the spelling of the name has
been changed, has given to the public service the Hon. J. C. Aikins, member of the
Privy Council, Governor, of Ontario, etc.
t Isaac Bonnell was a Justice of the Peace and lay Justice of the Court of
Common Pleas, but lived in Digby.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
171
assessors of this township under this law. This paper gives the names of
those persons who were liable to be taxed under its provisions, and will
enable us, by comparing its contents with those of the census of 1770, to
ascertain what families had been added to the population of the township
from that year to 1792, in which the return was miule. Below are the
names given arranged in alphabetical order ;
Akir, James.
Aldridge, Chrintopher.
Bacon, Lewiii.
Bacon, Stephen.
Bailey, Rev. Jacob.
Baker, Henry.
Baker, Jacob.
Baker, John.
Balcom, Isaac.
Balcom, John.
Balcom, Silas.
Baltick, William.
Bancroft, Jeremiah.
Banks, Thomas.
Barclay, Thomas.
Bass, John.
Bass, Joseph.
Bass, Joseph, jun.
Bass, William.
Beals, Abel.
Beanlman, Andrew.
Beardsley, Abraham.
Bennett, David.
Bent, David.
Bent, William,
Bertaux, John.
Bertaux, Pliilip.
Bertaux, William.
Biehler, Andrew.
Bonnett, David.
Bonnett, Isaac.
Bi-oflley, Mark.
Brenton, Charles.
Brothers, Samuel.
Brown, Andrew.
Brown, John.
Bruce, Daniel.
Brymer, David.
Bulkely, John.
Burkett, Alexander.
Burkett, Jo|^n, sen.
Burkett, John, jun.
Carter, James.
C!handler, John.
Charlcton, Huiajjlirey.
Chipnian, Thos. Hanley.
Chivoree, John.
Clark, David.
Clark, Oideon.
Clark, Uriah.
Comeau, Antliony.
Comeau, Jose.
Croneen, Matthew.
Cooper, Rev. John.
Copeland, William.
Corl>et, Isaiah.
Corbett, Alvan.
Cornwell, Thomas.
Cousins, Joseph.
Cross, William.
Cushing, Benjamin.
Cutler, Ebenezer.
Daniels, Asa.
Daniels, Ephraim.
Daniels, Joseph.
Darnford, Thomas.
Davies, George.
Davoue, Frederic.
Delancey, James (Col. ).
Delancey, Stephen.
Dickson, Robert.
Dummaree, Thomas.
Dyer, John.
Eager, James.
Easson, David.
Easson, Thomas.
Easson, Widow.
Emerson, Joseph.
Engles (Ingles) William.
Favin, Benjamin.
Featherly, —
Felch, Daniel.
Fisher, Nathaniel.
Fowlei', Francis,
Frairey, Peter.
Francis, William.
Franks, Christopher.
Fraser, James.
(jarratt, R.
Gates, John.
Gates, Jonas.
(iedree (Guidri) Augustin,
sen.
Gedree, Augustin, jun.
Gedree, Peter.
Gedree, Phillis.
Gill, Thomas.
Godfrey, Robert.
Graves, Elias.
Graves, Phineas.
Gray, William,
(ireen, James.
Haight, Ambrose.
Hall, John.
Hall, Joseph.
Hardwick, Henry.
Hardwick, Henry, jun.
Hardwick, John.
Harris, Benjamin.
Harris, John.
Heaton, John.
Henderson, Andrew.
Hendry, William.
Hibbs, James.
Hicks, Benjamin.
Hicks, Thomas.
Hicks, Weston.
Hood, John.
Hoofman, John.
Hooper, Ezekiel.
Hooper, Jonathan.
Hovey, John.
Hoyt, Capt. Jesse.
172
HISTOIIV OF ANNAPOLIS.
Jetferaon, Robert.
•Jiiliii, 'riioiniiH.
•JohiiMoii, ThoinuH, jiiii.
JohiiHtim, I'cter.
Johiixton, Toby.
Kidit, Aroil.
Kent, Lain,
K.vmIi, Antliony (loorge.
Liuigley, John.
Limgley, John, jiin.
Liinglcy, Nathaniiil.
Liingk-y, Williatn.
Latliwait, .lunie.s.
Lecain, F^iuncis, sen.
Lt.-oain, FrancJH.
Lecain, Jack.
Lcetvin, John,
Lecain. Thomas.
Le(:ain, William.
Little, Peleg.
Livesey, William.
Lovett, Col.
Lovett, Phineas, jiiii.
Lowere, George.
Loyall, James,
Manga r, Peter.
Marshall, Solomon.
Martin, Michael,
Mason, .Joseph,
McDonald, William.
McLaren, Neil.
McNamara, John.
Mes.singer, Ebenezer.
Mes.singer, Ebenezer, jiui.
Messinger, Henry.
Messinger, .John, jun.
Michael, Harry.
MidtUeton, VVilham.
Millei', Richardson.
Milligan, Patrick.
Morse, Abnor.
Morse, Abner, jun.
Morse, Daniel.
Moody, .Tames.
Morse, Obadiah.
Morse, •Samuel.
Morse, Silas.
Mott, Charles.
Munroe, George.
Nichols, Richard,
Oakes, .Jesse,
O'Hrine, John.
Oliver, David.
Page, William.
Parker, Xathaniel.
Payson, Jiinatlian.
J'hinney, /a(^cheus.
Pickett, (Jlasgow.
Pickuj), (Jeorge.
Plato, Roljert.
Polheinus, John, jun.
Poole, John.
I'rince, lienjamin.
Prince, William.
Pryor, John.
Randall, David.
Randolph, Robert Fit/..
Randolph, Samuel Fitz.
Ray, Moses.
Rhodes, William.
Rice, Kbenezer.
Rice, John.
Rice, Joseph.
Rice, Silas.
Rice, Timothy.
Ried, John.
Ritchie, Andrew.
Ritchie, Andrew, jun.
Ritchie, James.
Ritchie. John.
Ritchie, Matthew.
Ritchie, Thomas.
Roach, John.
Rol)ertson, John.
Robertson, .John, sen.
Robertson, William.
Robinson, Eilward.
Robin.son,.John, jun.
Robinson, Jonathan.
Sanders, Daniel.
Sanders, John.
Sanders, Pardon.
Scarborough, W^illiam.
Seabury, David.
Sharry, Joseph.
Shutsor, Niekolas.
Simpson, Benjamin.
Simpson, Henry.
iSinclair, Frederic.
Smith, Jonathan,
Sneden, Lawrence.
Spencer, Luke.
.Spurr, Michael.
Spurr, Thomas.
Street, Ebenezer.
Street, Samuel.
Tattersall, James.
Totten, Mrs, Susanna,
Totten, Peter,
Tufts, William E.
Tupper, Asa.
Tupper, Elisha.
Tupper, Minor.
V'anlilarcom, Alfred.
VanHorn, I^awronce.
Viditoe, Jesse.
Walker, Peter.
Walker, Thomas.
Waller, Joseph.
Ward, James.
Ward, Jonas.
Warner, Noah.
Watson, Francis.
Watts, (John.
VV'eoks, Elijah.
Weeks, Henry.
Wolton, Bethel.
Welton, Er .
Welton, E/i ,>iel.
Wheelock, Elias.
Wheclock, Joseph.
Wheelock, Obadiah.
Whitman, Daniel.
Whitman, Edward.
Whitman, Jacob.
Whitman, John.
Williams, Thomas.
Wilkinson, Francis.
Wilson, Ijconard.
Winchester, John.
Winchester, Nathan.
Winchestei-, William.
Winniett, Joseph.
Winniett, Matthew.
Wiswell, Peleg.
Wolseley, Robert.
Woodruff, Jabez.
Worthylake, Ebenezer.
IIISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS. 173
Many (if tliest' were men of culture and a peculiar refineinent of
manners, such as distinguislied those remembered by the j,'eneration now-
passing' away, as "gentlemen of the old scIkmiI ;" scrupulously exact in
points of etiquette, even in the common transactions of everyday life,
and of unlMMuling, yet suave dignity, and keen sense of himour ; and their
liomes weie centres of a social life and hospitality of a graceful and
•lignified typt; in the old town, when its glory as a cajtital had departed.
Some filled conspicuous positions in the |H>litics and statesmanship of the
Province, and will he duly mentioned later in the biographical memoirs
of members of the Provincial Parliament. Quite a number, esjiecially of
those who were the most eminent, left no posterity bearing their names ;
at least, their names have in process of time disappeared from our
census rolls. Others left .sons and daughters whose descendants still
continue among us, or are to be found in othei- townships in this or the
neighlx)uring counties, where they bid fair to transmit their respective
patronymics to many a generation.
The circuits of the Supreme Court were established in 1774, the law
then passed retjuiring the Judges to sit in Cumberland, Horton and
Annapolis, five days in each place. References are made in the record;*^
of the Grand Jury to a court-house in the town, the foundation of which
needed repairs in 1786, but by later records it would appear that the
Court of Sessions* in and previous to 1791 hired for a court-house a
building belonging to Mr. Joseph Winniett In the last-named year a
dispute arose Ijetween the Court and Mr. Winniett's executrix about the
amount of rent charged, and the Grand Jury recommended the acceptance
of an offer from Mr. Frederic Sinclair, innholder, of his "large room
below stair.s," for the purpose of holding the Supreme and Inferior courts
and t'ssions. On being urged by the Bench they paid the amount
claimed, but on September 27th, 1791, they voted the sum of .£400
for the erection of a building for a new jail and court-house, and appointed
Mcssi;-. Douwe Ditmars, Andrew Ritchie and George Cornwall a com-
mittee to see to its erection. In May, 1792, £300 more was voted, and
in September, 1793, the building lieing nearly completed, the further sum
of £165 was voted to complete it, and in 1796, provision was mode for
adding a wing for a kitchen. The subsequent fate of this building and
the erection of its successor will appear in Chapter XVI., where events
more properly belonging to the history of the county at large will be
narrated. The jail, which had been in charge of Mr. John Roach, stood
* Formerly the municipal authority of the county, consisting of the Bench or
Court of Magistrates, presided over by the Custoa and the Grand Jury, selected
substantially as now. The latter recommended or "presented" all money appro-
priations to the Court, and recommended two men for every municipal office, out of
whom the Court 8electe<l one.
174 HisTORy or annapolih.
near the Kite of the prcMent Dominion building, on land belonging to the
Church or to tiie Rev. Mr. Biiiley, to wh(»ni the county paid rent.
In 1791, "the stock in the town of AnnapoliH being out of repair, tlie
(Jrand Jury have nominated Anthony George Kynhe, Em(|., Isaac Honnett
and Joseph Cousins a committee to repair the same, and to fix them
between the church and the town pump, or any other public place as may
seem most convenient to said committee," The town pump was a little
to the southwani of the site of the Dominion building, and the church a
little to the northward of it. The next reference to the stocks was in
1801 when the Grand Jury " [)resent8 " the necessity of an inquiry into
the ferry rents, " the money arising from said ferry to l)o appropriated to
the erection of a pair of stocks and pillory, and the residue to the
<)ccasi«mal repair of the county house;" and the last was an order in
1803 that they should be erected near the court-house.
The war with France, under the Republic, having begun in 1793, three
iMMlies of militia were raised in the county — one by Colonel Barclay in this
portion of the county ; one by Colonel Millidge, in Digby, and one by
Colonel Taylor in the western section, the latter consisting wholly or
mostly of Acadians of Clare. Colonel Barclay offered the services of the
men under his command to repair part of the old works at Annapolis,
"so as to make a small, snug, complete redoubt, on the most commanding
situation ; " and the next year a supply of cannon and ammunition
arrived at the fort, and in 1795, the fortress being much dilapidated, and
the platforms rotten and untenable, the Lieut. -Governor, Sir John
Wentworth, applie<l to His Royal Highness Prince Edward, Duke of
Kent, as Commander-in-Chief, stating that £120 would suthce to repair
the west angle, so that the place would be secure from any desultory
assault or piratical enterprise, privateers under French colours being
engaged in harassing colonial commerce. The Governor himself visited
the town in the autumn.
On July 9th, 1794, Hog Island (now called by the more euphonious
name of " Bay View ") was granted to Robert Dickson, David Bonnett,
and John Burkett, in trust for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of
Annapolis. This place was used from the earliest settlement as the scene
of public executions, until the law required the death sentence to be
carried out within the precincts of the prison, beyond the morbid gaze of
the public.
The following, copied from the original in the possession of R. L.
Hardwick, Es(i., will be interesting as showing who conducted the civic
affairs of our forefathers " a hundred years ago " :
HISTORY OF ANNAl'OLIS.
175
A List ok Town OKricKKs, Xominatrd iiv tiik (}RANn Jikv and ArroiNTin
IIV TlIK ('(U'BT, Al'KII. TkKM, 1707, roK TO HKKVK TOR OnK VkaR.
Stupliuii Du Lnnvy
Ki'fdk. Uovoo
I'ai'dnii Hiiiitloi'H
Minor Tii|i|iur
iluiiicH Kiigvr
VVilliiini CroMH
ThoH. LeCitiii '
Ht'iij. Hiinis
SpciKH'i' WiiichoHter
Kx«ki)!l Mi'HHfiiger
K/.clr'ol Clevuliiiid
Diivi'l hontiutt
JeNHe Huyct
•lolin Kied
SiliiH Hoyet
Oliediiih Moi'MO
Anu Bent
Kltinzr. Cutlar
ClmrleH Wortliyliike
RoliL-rt VVoluHloy .
Klijiih Weeks
Isaac Baloonie
Thos. Bartaux
Benjn, Fern
John MeHsengtT
.John W. TuiftH
Robert Dickson
Minor Tupper
ThoH. Walker
Andrew Ritchie
\ndw. Ritchie
John Biirkett
John Roach
Jt)hn Rice
Jahex Woodroft'
Kbinzr. Cuthir
Benjn. Fern
Uaniel Whitman
Michael Martin
Jonas Gates
Andrew Ritchie
Israel Potter \
John Ried >
John ( iates J
Wni. Robertson
Wni. Winniett ^
Henry Hardwick
Jesse Hoyet
Elisha Tupper
Richard Ruggles
Timothy Rice
KdM'ard Whitman
Nath. Parker
Isaac Bonett
By
OverMeem qf the Poor.
Town Clerk,
CmulahleH,
Anne/morv,
ColltrtoTM.
:)
Sun-eyor of J lay.
Culler of StnvfH.
Sraler of Weiij/Ui and Meairurea,
Jfoyy Reeves.
County Treasurer,
Pound Keeper,
Superrisorn Common Marsh.
Clerk of Market.
Culler of Finh.
Scaler of Leather.
Surveyors of Land,
Fence Viewers.
Oawjer.
Overseers of Fishery.
Inspector of Pickled Fish.
\ Overseers of Highivays.
Inspector of Smoked Herring.
order.
Wm. Winniett, Clerk.
176 MISTOHV lih ANNAPOMS.
On the Iwck of thin inNtniriu'iit is written, "Mr. VViliiiun Cro«H,*T<)wn
Clerk, Annapolis."
1804. At tin* (Mill i>t' till' sci'unil I'l'titury in th« hixtory of AnnupoliH
wu will piiUHft to ^iv«i what account is |M>sHil)lu of th« conilition of its
chief town anil its environs as it •■xistcii in this Y*''t>'. I^ spr<>ail in
u stni}(^linx wjiy from the cape to the " lanil's end " at Ilo;^ Islanil ;
Colonel Stephen l>e I^incey had a dwelling in the latter section, which
occupi<)d H site near the present (^^atholic jjlehehouse ; here, t<K), was
the place of ahiMle and Imsiness of he Davieses, and near the head of
the ferry-slip was the hardware store and wart^house of Stephen Snellen,
the tirst iroiunon^er in the village; and nearly opposite Nto<Kl. the
residence of Rev. Jacob Bailey, and near to it but a little to the
southward, where the railway crosses St. (Jeorge Street to reach the pier,
and on the east side of the street, stoinl the church, dedicateil to the
memory of St. Luke. Adjoining; the premises of Mr. Hailey was the
resiihince of William Roln^rtson, siHJti afterwards M.P.P. and Colonel of
the Militia. A little Ut the eastward of the old railway station was the
home of the Widow Cooper, which some ttMi years l)efore she had
inherited under the will of Joseph Cossins, Jier father. Slie was an only
child, and from this date, as liefore, occupied a first place in the society
of the town. Next to her house, hut still farther to the .south, were two
of the oldest and l»est dwellinj,'s in the villaj^e, tlie houses of the late
Tljomas Williams and Joseph Wiiiniett. A little to the north on the
opp«>site side of the street was the Hecht or Haij^ht house which was at
the beginning of the century ownwl and occupied by the late David
Bonnett. John and Alexander Burkett, Loyalists from Pennsylvania,
owned and occupied the sites now covered by the .Vmerican Hotel and
Runciman's warehouse, respectively. The latter of these men was for
several years postmaster, the former a merchant in the town, and each
held for a short pericxl the otKce of High Sheriff. From this section of
the village southward to and including the cape, were the dwellings and
lots of the Ritchies — -Andrew, sen., and the sons of Andrew, sen., and of
John, who were lx)th natives of Scotland, and tlie latter of whom came
here as early as 1774, and Iwth of whom were engaged in mercantile
pursuits ; the Walkers, also Scotch, who came hither as naval officers
"William Cfuhh had iHten a prosperous stationer ami Ixiokbiniler in Boston.
Espoiiaing the loyal side in the war of the I'evolution, he entered as a private a
volunteer company of foot, and served under fJeneral Howe. He lost everything,
and was appointed stationer to the Royal Artillery Depai'tment in 1790. An
affidavit setting forth his services, sworn at Shelburne, August 18th, of that year,
by David Hlack, a lieutenant in the company, before William Bauld, J. P., is also in
the possession of Mr. Hardwiuk. He married Ann, daughter of the first Andi-ew
Ritchie, and died August, 1834, ageil 83, leaving three daughters, two maiden laiiies
and one Mrs. Fletcher, who became a widow, and these ladies long lived in what is
known as " the Cross House," still standing on the corner of St. Andrew and Drury
Sti-eets, repositories of much historical and traditionary lore which they were always
glad to comnninicate, but is now lost forever.
■::i^-:ji£S^:smc^:^,::'mit:i:
Sir Wm. Johnstone Ritchik,
Chief .liintire of Canada,
HISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS. 177
about 1757; the Wilkies, who came about the same time ; theLecains; the
Berteaux ; the Eassons, deacendatits cf Jolm Easson ; the Davoues, wliose
house stood near where the Baptist Church now stands ; the Cutlers,
Loyalists, who first settled in eastern New Brunswick, and had shortly
before removed here, where Ebenezer, the head of the family, was long
Deputy Prothonotary of the Supreme Court, while carrying on a general
store in the town ; the Dicksons, Loyalists, whose father had once been
sheriff of the county and collector of customs. John Howard Winslow,
a pre-loyalist settler, and Frederic Sinclair each kept an inn here as
early as 1782. Sinclair died in 1800, and his well-known old ho.stelry
was destroyed l\y fire a few years later. It stood on the east side of
St. George Street, next to the corner of Drury Street. Tlie Barclays
had removed to New York a few years before, and Doctor Henckel,
assistant surgeon m the army, had just become a settler in the town,
and in 1806 was appointed health officer.
In 1805 such a great scarcity of circulating medium was specially felt
in the town, that a petition for measures of relief was sent to the
Legislature.
In the session of 1805-6 of the Provincial Legislature, an Act was
passed providing a bounty for the seeding and clearing of new land, which
had the effect of adding over 1,000 acres to the cleared lands of the county
in a single year. The return made to the Government under this law in
1807 shows that the number of acres thus cleared in the township of
Annapolis was 296.
In 1808, on Wednesday, April 8th, the lOlst regiment commenced their
march from Halifax to Annapolis ; the war with France was still raging,
and (juestions arising out of it were disturbing the relations between
Great Britain and the United States; and the attention of the British
Government was again called by the Lieut. -Governor, Sir George Prevost,
to the dilapidated condition of the provincial defences generally, of
which he says, " ruin and desolatio*^," were " the characteristic features."
Events connected with the war of 1812 more properly belong to the
countj' at large ; but I may here record that a prosperous West India
business, very valuable to the town, wa^ inteiTupted and destroyed by
the outbreak of hostilities. On February 19th, 1809, Sir Charles Darling,
afterwards Governor of Victoria, was born in Annapolis. His father,
Lieut. -Colonel Darling, was then residing here in the capacity of com-
mandant of the garrison and inspecting field oriicer of the militia, which
position he held for several years. Three othc f natives of the town, who
received the hbnour of knighthood for distinguished services, or in
recognition of professional eminence. Sir William Fenwick Williams, Sir
William Robert Wolseley Winniett, and Sir William Johnstone Ritchie,
all belonging to old Annapolis families, will be mentioned in other
portions of this work.
12
178 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Among the many events tlmt made the year 1815 memorable was the
great and decisive l)attle of Waterloo. On the arrival of the news of the
great victory, the joy of the people of Nova Scotia knew no bounds, and
in no part of the Province did that joy find a nobler expression than it
did in tlie riglit loyal old capital. The town was illuminated, and bon-
fires made to blaze in ever}' street, but its best manifestation is to be
found in the subscriptions of the people to the "Waterloo fund," the
object of which was to aid the parent Government in endeavouring to
relieve the distress caused by the otherwise glorious event. Tliese sul)-
scriptions in the township of Annapolis reached an amount etjuivalent to
$'676 of our money, by fifty-eight contributors, the largest of whom were
Colonel D. Herbert, and Phineas Lovett, jun., eacli •'?40 ; Rev. Cyrus
Perkins and Thomas Ritchie, M.P.P., each $22, and 8amuel Vetch Bayard,
George Henckel, surgeon, and Robert Fitz Randolph, each $20.
By an Act of the Legislature in 1811, Grammar schools were established
in seven counties and districts, including Annapolis ; the head masters
were each to be paid £100 a year, and the assistant, when over thirty
scholars attended, £30. Revs. John Millidge and Cyrus Perkins, and
Thomas Ritchie, Est]., were the first trustees of the Grammar School. A
Mr. Judge seems to have been the first master of the old academy.
Probably his immediate successor was Caleb A. Shreve, a graduate of
King's College, Wividsor, son of the Rev. Thomas Shreve, first Church
of England minister at Pansboro', and uncle of Thomas C. Shreve, Esq.,
now mayor of Digby. He was succeeded by Mr. Watson, an Englishman,
I believe, who held the position some years. After him came the late
Charles Miller Forbes, who was Iwrn at Nairn, Scotland, June 30th,
1811, and graduated at the University of Aberdeen, and who had been
teaching at Antigonish before coming here in 1839. He was at the
head of the Annapolis Royal Academy over twelve years, after which he
went into business, and was later Registrar of Probate, until his death
in 1883.
As early as 1781 a very efiicient High School had been opened by
Benjamin Snow, a Loyalist, and graduate of Dartmouth College, who
was succeeded, before the spring of 1783, by John McNamara, also a
Loyalist, who had been one of the household of Rev. Mr. Bailey, and
probably educated in the higlier branches by him. He conducted this
school, and received the school grant of the great Church of England
"Society for the Propagation of the Gospel" until his death in 1798,
by which, as Bishop Charles Inglis said, " the community sustained a
considerable loss." He was also postmaster.
Ichabod Corbitt, toward the end of the last century, opened a school
and continued to instruct the youth of the town in the English branches
for the long period of sixty 3'ears, filling during a portion of the time
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 179
the position of second muster in the Academy. He lias left u consider-
able posterity, some of whom have been honourably conspicuous in the
mercantile and social life of the town. Later came Andrew Henderson
as teacher in the Academy, and of an independent or privato school,
and of a boarding school to be referred to hereafter. Mr. Henderson
migrated from Enniskillen, Ireland, to New Brunswick, early in
the century, spent a year or two there, and then removed to Wilmot,
thence to Bridgetown, and finally to Annapolis, where in his declining
years he filled the office of postmaster.* Mr. Augustus Fullerton,
still living among us, was lumoural)ly identified with the cause of
education in tiie town for a number of years, as a teacher, and is now
a useful member of the Board of Conmiissioners for the western section
of the county. The first Grammar School building probably stood
where its successor did cm the southern end of the White House field,
where a more commodious one was erected in 1827, precisely where
Mr. Hardwick's tenement house now stands, immediately to the north-
east of the overhead railway bridge. It received for many years a
vote of ^200 a year, which, with tuition fees, supported two
teachers. One teacher sometimes received the grant from the great
Church of England Society. On the introduction of the new school
law in I8G6, the building was sold, and the main part of it (exclusive
of the wings in which two junior departments were kept) now forms St.
Luke's Sunday School house. A building adapted to the reciuirements
of the new law was erected in its place, but as the demand for additional
room grew with the revived prosperity of the town, the present building,
formerly the mansion of the late Judge Ritchie, and known as "The
Grange," was purchased with the adjacent grounds, and fitted up in 1883.
The building of 1866 was in its turn, sold, and becoming the property of
Mr. A. H. Riordan, was moved and made an annex to the " Dominion
House " hotel, on Railway Street, with which it was consumed in the fire
that destroyed that block in 1887.
On August 11th, 1811, one acre of the "White House field," so called,
was granted for a church. This field had been granted in 1763, to
Honourables Richard Bulkeley and John Newton, in trust for fortifica-
tions, if necessary, but the Government in 1765 paid for it to Lieutenant
Christopher Aldridge, son of Major Christopher Aldridge, of the 40th foot,
who had long before, with the permission of the Government, bought it
from former French owners. In 1775 the people had, under the influence
of Mr. Wood, a pastor who was much beloved, commenced a new church,
60 by 40 feet in size, which in 1783 Mr. Bailey reported as still
unfinished, but provided with a steeple and bell. This church was opened
* All Mr. Ht'iiderson'a posterity bearing his name reside in other provinces.
Two grandsons, barristers in good standing, are in St. John, N.B.
180 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
for divine service on Easter Day, 1784; but it would appear that the
bell was afterwards transferred to the court-house. Its site has been
already mentioned. The present church was opened in 1821, and the
spire was built in 1837. The first bell was hung in a sort of framework
in the angle back of the church near the chancel. After the spire was
built Judge Thomas Ritchie presented the church with a larger and more
suitable bell, in exchange for the old one, which he placed in one of his
outbuildings and used for the purpose of calling his farm labourers to
dinner. This second one was used for many years, and finally becoming
cracked, was sent to a foundry in Troy, New York, in part payment for
a new one.
The French, after the destruction of tliis church by the New England
troops in 1 707, worshipped for a time in a part of one of the buildings in
the fort, in which, however, they soon built a new church, but after the
English occupation a Roman Catholic church stood, it would seem, at the
extreme " land's end," so called, near where Mr. T. S. Whitman's large
buildings now stand. There is said to have been a footpath from the
cape along the side of the river in the rear of the properties on the east
side of St. George Street south, used by the French from the settlements
outside of the banlieue in going to and from divine service. The present
Catholic church edifice was built about 1834 or 1835.
I will here introduce an extract from an article written in 1826, a
portion of which was published in the Acadian Mayazine in that year :
" The town of Annapolis is Imilt on the extremity of ii peninsula, which,
projecting into the river, forms two beautiful basins, one alwve and the other
below the town ; there is one principal street on the bank of the river, with several
leading from it ; the houses generally look old and decayed ; on the roatl by the
cape is a tine wooilen house belonging to Thomas Ritchie, Esq.,* and another
built by Kov. Mr. Millidge,+ Rector of the parish. The church is very neat and
capacious, but it has neither spire nor liell. The court-house on the opposite side
of the road is furnished with a bell and bell-tower. The bell rings to call together
the parties when circuit court is held, when the magistrates and sheriff" with his con-
stables at the head, form a kind of procession in escorting the presiding judge to the
court-house on each day of sitting. The government liousc is a large w^ooden
building, where the officer in command of the garrison resi«les. The fort, built
by the French on their first occupying the soil, covers an area of twenty-eight
acres, the ramparts being raised with earth, and faced with sods ; which l)eing
cut out of the sandy soil (the whole neck between the two rivers being nothing
else) soon mouldered away, and some parts of the work needed repairing every
,^_, spring. The English after taking possession, revested it all around with timber
V six or seven inches in diameter, to the proper height, covering them with ground
and sods. In the early days there were numerous buildings inside the enclosure,
including the (Jovernor's residence, and soldiers' barracks ; these being built of wood,
\
•J
/ V have all decayed, with the exception of the powder magazine, built at the first
I ^ha\
* Now the County Academy.
t Now the residence of John H. Runciman, Esq.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 181
settlement. This hiiilding is of stone, tlie interior r)f a white variety of stone
brought from France, tlie exterior stone taken |)rol>ably from the country sur-
rounding the fort. Sul)ercase Imilt in addition a 8ec4)nd bomh-proof magazine,
capable of hoUling sufficient material for sustaining a long siege. I'his maga/.ine
served as the foundation of a (quadrangular brick edifice built afterwards by the
British, and occupied as a )>arracks for tiie soldiers. The old maga/.ine liuilt by the
early French is in excellent preservation, having been repaired by the Duke of Kent
at the time of building the brick barracks. The works which have l)een erected at
a very great expense, are now in a dilapidated condition ; the rampitrts dismantled
of the cannon, etc. There are now within the fort two ranges of wooden buildings
containing (juarters for the officers, the large brick barracks covering the l)omb-
proof magaxine l»efore mentioned as built by 8ul>erca8e in 1707, the old magazine
built in 1(542, a hospital, mess house, storehouses and armoury. These wooden
buildings were built by the British, supplementing the wooden buildings of the
French which succumbed to the ravages of time, and are all gone, except only the
venerable magazine built of stone."
Precisely when the fortifications of Annapolis Royal were first built
on their present site, it is impossible to state with accuracy. Ignorant of
the existence of the barns on the present site of the town, and of the niill
at what is now Lequille, Argall left them untouched. The barns were
amidst cornfields which we have seen were successfully planted in 1606.
We must remember that the name " Port Royal " was more properly
that of the port or harbour, and that all the scattered hamlets or clusters
of habitations around its shores would in early days be designated by the
one general name, until each attained sutticient growth and importance to
require a new one to distinguish it from the others. With cultivated fields
or gardens, and barns in which to store their products, for the use of
dwellers four or five miles distant, before a building had been erected on
the present site of Quebec, Annapolis is entitled to the palm of antiquity
over her larger and still more illustrious rival for the honour, even if no
regular dwelling houses were actually erected alongside of these barns and
gardens ; but ii is in the highest degree reasonable to suppose that where
there e.xisted barns and gardens there would also be some houses for occa-
sional, if not constant, use, in summer if not in winter, although the fort
on the site first selected was the real stronghold, and adapted by its situa-
tion to intercept an enemy coming up the river. Haliburton ( Vol. I., p.
38) in describing the interview between Argall and Biencourt, falls into
two errors, the one conse()uent on the other, locating the fort on its
present site, instead of where subsequent researches have shown it to
have been, and mistaking the creek and stream, in his day and ours called
the Lequille, for the main river then called L'Equille ; while Parkman
(" Pioneers of France," p. 287) probably follows Haliburton in saying " the
marauders went in boats up the river to the fields." Boats were not
necessary to ascend the main river, and it is absurd to suppose that they
would ascend the creek and small stream without destroying the buildings.
182 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Father Biunl, whom Argall Iwought with him to the fort, and wliom
Biencourt and his followers accused of l)etraying them, does not in the
passage cited by Parkman (p. 288), pretend that his appeal on his knees
to Argall rendered him more lenient to the French for whom his mercy
was implored, but that it elevated him (the Father) in Argall's esteem,
ami secure<l him lietter consideration and protection. We must therefore
conclude that Argall only ascended the river far enough to destroy the
crops and buildings patent to his view, and wittingly .spared nothing.
Archbishop O'Brien's observations on this point, and touching the
continuity of the settlement ("Life of Bishop Burke," p. 46) are evidently
sound and judicious. I think it must l)e a.ssumed that from the year
1 607 the nucleus of a settlement had been growing with the other improve-
ments* on the present site, concurrently with that at the fortified post
below, and that here Biencourt shelteretl himself during the ensuing
winter. That a settlement remained on the earlier site after it had been
abandoned as a stronghold, we know from the stonet found about 1827
in Granville " near the eastern parapet of the old Scotch fort on the site
of the French cornfields, contiguous to the creek of St. Germains,"
carved roughly with the name "Lebel," and the figures (evidently denoting
the year) "1649." That Biencourt and his disheartened followers under-
took to fortify the new settlement is somewhat doubtful. We must
probably give D'Aulnay de Charnisay who, it has been seen, made his
head(|uarters here on being appointed Bazilli's lieutenant, the credit of
beginning the fortifications, the romantic ruins of which now lie before
us; and we may date that beginning as early as 1634, possibly 1632.
With his Norman peasants, or perhaps later, on his return from one of
his visits to France, made in order to undermine the influence of Latour,
he brought with him from Normandy the Caen limestone, of which the
old powder magazine was built, according to the generally received date,
in 1642. Hannay suggests that D'Aulnay's first fort was on the site of
that of Charaplain or of the Scotch fort, and on the alleged authority of
Governor Winthrop says that he " commenced " a new one at the present
site in 1643. J But D'Aulnay would not be likely to build a fort and
abandon it in so short a period, and the language of Winthrop, when
closely examined, does not bear out any such inference. Latour's Boston
* See page 10 aiite.
tNow, 1897, in the possession of Fred. Leavitt, Esq. Haliburton and others
following him in discussing this stone give the year 1643, but the figure " 9 " is too
plain toT>e mistaken. On the other hand, if his letter to the Historic-Genealogical
Society of Boston is correctly quote«l in the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of
Masnachunsetts for 1891, Dr. Jackson probably writing from memory, errs in respect
to the letters, giving the two words " La belle " ("the beautiful one") instead of
the surname "Lebel." Lebel is said to have been a clever business man of Paris,
who spent several years in Acadie, where he wa« guardian of D'Aulnay's 3hildren.
iJHannay's " Acmlia," p. 162.
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HISTOI, OK ANNAI'OLIS. 183
auxili)irit!H on tlicii rctuni lioinc in \(\\:\ n'j>ort«'d "tliey found D'Aulnuy
gone into France, and a n«'w fort raised at Port Hoyal.'"* "llaiHed," in
the speocii of that day, meant "t>rocted," "built," and the languafje is
quite consistent with the fort havinj,' been built some years earlier,
althouj^h the}' hail onlj' tlu^n Ix-come aware of it. To them and to the
(Jovernor at Boston it was still a "new fort." The old French wharf, a
structure nearly triangular, was situated farther down the main river
than the one built by the Knglish in 1710. The stone and masonry
supjiorts still to be seen in i\u' inaii\ <litch of the fort were built under
the direction of .Mascarene in 1712. Among the French buildings in the
fort in 1713 was a "handsome chapel," which Rev, Mr. Harri.son, the
English chaplain, ptititioned (Jovernor Nicholson to order applied to
"pious uses." There was also a large and imposing building used as a
barracks and mess room on the north side of the (|uadrangle, with several
gables, facing south. This was allowed to yield to the natural process of
decay. In the closing year of the last century the Duke of Kent caused
the building still nnnaining to be built for otticers' (juartei-s, as well as a
large woinlen building for bari-acks on the south .side of the ({uadrangle
and the large brick building three stories higli on Sul)ercase's l)omb-proof
powder magazine, which foimed the foundation and first story of it.
The wooden barracks was burnt in the latter days of January or first
days of Februar}', lS30.t The brick building was taken down in 1853,
exposing to view two enormous arches forming its support and the
capacious bomb-proof powder magazine over which it hful been erected,
the walls of which were of much greater thickness and capacity than
those of the older one. The older magazine was then still in good
preservation. In 189") further steps were taken for its protection,
previous to which it was continually suffering from the depredations of
relic-hunters from abroad, wh(j broke off and cariied away pieces of the
peculiar stone of which it was built. The block-house, which first in the
distance told to the approaching stranger its silent story of the past, was
taken down by the order or with the permission of the Canadian
Government in 1878, much to the disgust of all public-spirited citizens of
the town.
The 40th regiment, | known lus "the fighting fortieth," which was
* Winthrop's "Journal," p. 180, Vol. II., Kd. of 1853.
t A letter in the military records at Halifax, dated February 7, speaks of it as
" tlie recent fire." Capt. Kustace Hill was in command with a company of the 96th
regiment. He and his men were complimented on their exertions to save the
liuilding.
Jits first officers weie : Colonel, Richartl Phillip])s ; Major, Alexander Cosby ;
Captains, Jolui Caulfield, I.Awrence Armati'ong, I'aul Mascarene, Christopher
Aldridge, and .John Williams ; Lieutenants, James Campbell, John Jephson,
Edward Bradstreet ; Ensigns, .James Erskine, John Keating. It has more recently
been merged in the 1st Battalion Prince of Wales Volunteers (South Lancashire
Regiment). A history of it has lately been published.
184 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS.
or>(iiiii/od at Annapolis in 1717 (nee Murdoch, Vol. I., {>. It.*)!), or ii
|H)rtii)n of it, Karrisont'd the fort at Aniiapolis from tlnit year until 1755,
and prohahly till 1758, wht^n it formed part of tlio oxp<uiition a^ainHt
Ijouisluirg. In 1740 livi' conipanies of it were at Annapolis, four at
Canso, anfl tine at Placentia. There is no indication that any part of it
returned to Annapolis after 1 758. In 178t) the fort was ^'arrisoned by
a part of the 6th regiment under command of Capt. Peacock, who appears
to have Iwen very popular with the citizens ; for in that year he was
presented with a complimentary address, signed by the following leading
residents ; iloseph Winniett, Joseph VVinniett, jun., Joseph Cossins,
Isaac Hcmnett, Andrew Ritchie, Jacob Hailey (Rector), David Seabury,
David Bonnett, Ambrose Haight, O'Sullivan Sutherland, Andrew
Bierdman, Robert Tucker, Matthew Winniett, Robert Dickson, William
Robertson, Elijah Weeks, Fred. Sinclair, John Lecain and William Shaw.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent first visited Annapolis in 1794,*
the year of his first arrival at Halifax, and was afterwards here fre(|uently
until his departure for England in 1798. In 1799 he returned to Halifax
in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the forces in Rritish North
America, and on visiting Annapolis in that year was presented by the
citizens with a loyal address.
About the years 1820-22, Lieutenant Christian Conrad Katzmann, of
the 60th Rifles, a native of Germany, a graduate of Giittingen University,
father of our distinguished poetess, Mrs. Katzman Lawson, was stationed
here for two yi ars.
In 1835 we find the fort garrisoned by a company of the 8."5rd regiment.
Captain Colquhon, with Lieutenant Kensal. Among other distinguished
officers who .served in the garrison within this century, one in particular
I have often heard spoken of in kind terms by the citizens. William
Henry, Lord Kilmarnock, afterwards seventeenth Earl of Erroll, who
married a daughter of Major-General Gore, a niece maternally of the
late Doctor Benjamin De W. Fraser, of Windsor, was here for a time
between 1844 and 1846. He was wounded in the hand at the battle
of the Alma in 1854, and died in 1891. Thomas H. Bailey, son of the
Rev. Jacob Bailey, was barrack-master and store-keeper in the early
part of the century, but the last to fill that office was Joseph Norman,
familiarly known as Major Norman, a Peninsular veteran and non-
commissioned officer who had a very interesting record. He is said to
have planted the trees in front of the old fort and cemetery. From time
to time the number of troops in the garrison were reduced till a mere
detachment remained, and in 1854 they were finally withdrawn. Lieu-
tenant Wedderburn, 76th regiment, in command, and thenceforth
Annapolis Royal was no longer a " garrison town."
* Journal of Rev. John Wiswall, Rector of Wilniot.
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOMS. 185
At tho date of the articU' cjuoU-d from th»' Acatlian Mnifmiw then*
Ht(HHl noiir tlie old goveriiiiiKtit h<)U.s« on Ht, (U'tw^e Street n cottage of a
Hiiigle story with doriner-windowM, the framework of N<)uared Io^h,
although for many years it had been covered with chiplMiardM. It was
|)ro))al)ly over two huitdred yearn old, and was long said to Imj the only
one of the old French liouses remaining. J t was used as a residence for
the French governor in the time of peace. Records show it to have been
repaired and sheathed in 1744. This cottage was demolished in the
early sixties, and the well-known mercantile establishment of William
McCormick it Sons now occupies tlie site. The old " Williams hou.se," in
which Sir W. Fonwick Williams was born, stood until 1874, when it was
removed to make way for the Union Bank building. The main part of
it was moved to St. Anthony Street north, nearly opposite the rink, and
is owned by Mr. William McClafierty and occupied by his tenants. The
other part or wing of the house was similarly moved to Dalton Street,
where it was i-efitted as a tenement house by the same owner, and still
stands. The " Winniett house," built by Joseph Winniett, stood on the
adjoining lot, south of the Williams hou.se, and was torn down in 1884 to
make way for the opening of Victoria Street. Long these quaint old
mansions, suggestive relics of other days and fashions, stood side by side,
pathetic memorials of a genei'ation of worthies long passed away, and as
if to perpetuate, if possible, the life-long and brotherly friendship that
existed between their original owners.
We have spoken of several fires, and as the town has l)een unfortunate in
this respect, beyond any other in the Province, a glance at its fire record
will not be out of place in this chapter. Two years after the burning of
the wooden barracks, the dwelling house of Robert Sneden, in lower town,
with its contents was destroyed ; and in 1833 the old English government
house, a building of three stories which stood nearly opposite the present
Union Bank, was burnt up. The court-house was burnt in 1836; in
1846 a dwelling on the cape occupied by John Barnaby ; in 1854 the
store and contents of Charles Starratt on the corner of St. George and
Alliert Streets ; and in 1855 three barns in the rear of the Commercial
Hotel, opposite the slip, were burned. To pass over, however, the many
single buildings that were consumed from time to time (including the
Cooper House in 1869), the two stores of Thomas A. Gavaza «fe Sons
were destroyed in 1877, and in 1880 a great fire swept away a large
number, some eighteen buildings, situated in the region of the town
opposite the fort. In 1881 the dwelling and store of A. W. Corbett
followed, and in 1885 a great fire swept away all that portion of the
town on the water-side which extended from McCormick «$: Sons' store to
the railway. Finally, in 1887 a fire at the corner of St. George and Rail-
way Streets swept away a large block of fine wooden buildings on St.
186 HISTORV OK ANNAI'OMH.
Ooor^t* Htri'ot, u ihw liirK** hntt'l known hh th« Doniiiiiun IIduho, anil
Neveral liii'p> hiiildiii^s to tlio t'liNtwtird of it on lliiilwiiy 8tn>nt, and
>{utlinK <li»! Wrick l)uildiMj{ (Kcupicd liy tin- Bunk of Novii Scotia.
An iidinimhlc HysU-ni of wati-r .su|tply was intnHlucrd in 1889, and w«
may notti licit' the introduction of the electric lij{lit for house and street
purposes on December 'Jlst, IWDl, throu^h the enterpriw! of Mr. Carman
Odell. The town was incorporated in 189.'5, and the first town council
and othcers were: Mayor, JTu>;h Kvan (Jillis, Barrister ; Councillors,
Charles McConnick, l{<»ht!rt L. liardwick, A. II. Hiordan, Arthur M.
Kitij,', El)en. M. Anderson, and Charles K. iMonriH'. Richard J. IJniacke
was appointed Town Clerk, and Frederic Leavitt, E8(|., Stipendiary
Magistrate.
The writer in the Acinlinn Minjnxini' speaks of the old and decayed
appearance of the houses of the town. Many years later the same remark
might still have heen made. For a few decades, about the middle of tlie
century, Annapolis seemed to remain stationary, while its sister town of
(SranvilU^ Ferry, throuj^h the t>nterprise of its citizens onj^aged in ship-
buildin); and navigation, in the palmy days of those pursuits, bade fair to
distance it in the race of pr<<j;ross, and development of wealth. Hut among
other causes, the opening of the Windsor and Annapolis Hallway in 1869,
inaugurated for it a new era. The products of the upper part of the
county, as well as the regions to the south, which began to be peopled
and developed, have been brought to its wharves for export, and the
producers have frecjuented its stores an<l workshops to buy, and the
volume of its business has induced a prosperity and infused a life that
have changed the face of the town. T well remember the late Chief
Justice Sir William Young's elo(|uent reply to an address of congratula-
tion by the (irand Jury, felicitating them in turn on the completion of
the railway, as a result of which, he told them in his North British
accent, but graceful diction, " the ancient capital of Acadia will resume
some of her pristine importance." The truth of his j)rophecy is splendidly
apparent to anyone whose memory goes back a cjuarter of a century.
£8to perpetua !
HISTfrnV OK ANNAI'OMS. 187
ATTEND! X TO CHAITKU XT.
Tllustratin^Milikc the iiu'iitul traits of n-li^'ioiis N*!\v Kll^laIKl pt'oplp
of tilt' inidditt ^t( tlir lust rcntui V, mid tl»' pcijih'xitit'H of simic ut' tin* curly
Mottli-rs oil the i|iii'sti()ri of tin- Ci\ il W'lir, tlic followiii;; tVuiii a iiianusiTipt
journal of lian(il<>y Cliipiiiaii, of Cornwallis, the aiicfstor of tlif ('hipiiiaiiH
of tiic \v('Ht«'iii rouiilit's, is worthy of a place hrro :
"Ah 'riiou, liciivt'iily Kikllu'i, liiiMt so ovcrnilt'il in llu- cciuinc of lliy lliily iiikI
vv'iNc pniviilt^iici' tlwil my xnii .Inlin is ilntMi'n icprcsi'titativi' iil' tliiH town to tliu
OontTikl ANMeiiilily, <> ho onlcr it that it niiiy lir in incii'V to liitii ami not in jucl^mcnl,
iK'itlifi' to liiin nor to thin iiropl)-, l)nt li(>l|i him I pray to look to Tlii'<' to fmil)lt> him
to know hJH iliity, an<l to do it faithfnily, not only in this puhlic ntation. hut in that
of .hiNtii'd of tilt- IVacr, hold, Thou kiiowcHt u hat a i^ritiral nitiiatioii at tiiiN tiiiu-
it ia to walk in tlit; Ntation hu is put in, so art to ki'cp ii good coimciuticu and thi' ffuid
will of tlif nioBt lci\ding iiu-n hert- in this proviiicf."
On Lebel the author wrote the foUowiiig:
Two hiinilred years aj{o and more,
Ulion Taywoapnk'n woodciowiicd shore,
W here Scot hind's sous liad JiihI iM'fore,
Kicttcd homes whi'iein to dwell ;
As if a fiituie a^e to moi'k,
tSoiiie liiiinau han<l upon lilock,
Of I'onipact mctainorphi • rock,
Kligraved the Houiidiii)r name Liliil.
II.
Two iiiindred years the secret keep,
And hill it still in silence sleep ;
And none are left to mourn or weep,
The name that some one h)ved so well.
Two hundred more may come and go.
With footsteps solemn, grand anil slow,
And still the story none shall know,
That lingers in the name Lehf/.
The late James Clray, Esq., deserves honourable notice here for, among
other reasons, his interest in the antiquities of Annapolis. He was horn
in Halifax, and came to the town in 1824, where he resided until his
death, March 15th, 1877, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He
married January 6th, 1831, Susan Spurr, of Round Hill, and left sur-
viving a son, Charles, now Doctor Charl(^s Ciray, of Mahone I>ay, and
daughters, Mrs. A. B. Cunningham, of Annapolis, and Mrs. Craig, of
Yarmouth. During his early residence in Annapolis he was actively
engaged in mercantile pursuits, but later, a prominent and able magis-
trate. He collected in his leisure a very interesting lot of mineralogical
specimens and curious old relics. Here I must take the oppurtunity of
expressing my deprecation of the neglect of our people in not taking steps
to keep in the place those valuable relics of antiquity which American
tourists are buying up in the vicinity and carrying away with them every
year. The old barracks should have been long ago fitted up as a receptacle
and museum for these things, like Pilgrim Hall at Plymouth, Mass. A
188 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
chair made out of tlie wood of which tlje old block-house was buili, was
sold at a church fair and carried away to Connecticut. It ought to have
been presented to the Historical Society of the Province, as a seat for the
President. I have seen in the library of the Massacliusetts Historical
Society in Boston, a key of enormous size, with a label attached bearing
che words, " Key of Port Royal, Nova Scotia."
In 1865 the following was written by Mr. A. M. Gidney, in the
Bridgetown Free Press : " On a staff from the roof of an old blacksmith
shop in the lower j)art of the town is .m old vane designed to indicate
' how the wind blows,' which bears the date 1738." This relic was in
possession of Mr. Addison Lecain when he removed from Annapolis to
Windsor several years ago.
Hobert, T<pslip, vlio was born in Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland,
and educated for his profession at Edinburgh, was at first surgeon in the
Royal Navy, then in the army, came here early in the century as surgeon
to the Irish Rifles, settled here, and was long the leading physician, and
in other respects a prominent figure in the town, until his death. May 26,
1868, aged 76. His dwellinj,", long known as the "Leslie House," is
incorporated into the larger ind more handsome residence of Judge
Owen. He married, first, A m Botsford Millidge, who with her
new-born child died, 1822 ; second, Dec. 28, 1823, Ann E. Sneden
and had children, (1) Lawrence Sneden, m. in Spain, d. Nov. 18, 1893 ;
(2) Mary E., m. Alfred Danielsen, a Dane, fl. Feb., 1885 ; (3) Christina,
living, unm.; (4) Robert Hugh, m. twice, living in Texas ; (5) Hope E.,
<\. unm.; (6) Angus S., m., living in San Francisco ; (7) Jessie, m. James
A. Gibbon, living at Brookline, Mass.; (8) Leve.son G., m. and lives 'n
South America ; (9) Laura, m. Charles Ditmars, Es<j., of Clementsport, d.;
(10) Helen M., living unm. at Annapolis ; (11) James C, m. twice, living
in Newfoundland; (12) William P., m., and died in U.S., August, 1892.
" Their graves aie severed far and lide,
By inoun , and stream, and sea."
Major Norman married at Gibraltar, Oct. 13, 1B13, Gregoria Reiez,
and had a son Walter, baptized June 17, 1827. He is said to have been
a favorite of \uhe Duke of Wellington, and enjoyed during the first part of
his residence here a salary or pension of £300 a year, afterwards reduced
to £150.
Among the prominent residents of the town in the early years of the
century were three brothers, Henry, Oliver, and Benjamin Mason
Goldsmith. They were sons of Henry Goldsmith, an Assistant
Commissary-General in the British service, stationed in Cape Breton and
afterwards in St. John, N.B., where he died June 6, 1811, aged fifty-six
years. He was born at Athlone, Ireland, and was a nephew of the great
literary genius, Oliver Goldsmith, son of his favourite brother, the Rev
Henry Goldsmith, who was a man of brilliant gifts, distinguished at
lichool and college, and a favourite of Oliver. Our citizen, the grand-
nephew Oliver, was also in the Commissariat Department, and was at
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 189
St. John in 1834, and afterwards at Hong Kong, and died in England.
A tree was planted to his memory on Queen Square in St. John, by
R. B. Humphrey, Esq., on the centennial festival of the city in 1883, at
the "east gate." He was a zealous Mason and presented a set of jewels to
Albion Lodge after his removal from St. John. Henry manied, first, Feb.
1, 1808, Maria, eldest daughter of Col. James DeLrfincey, and second, Feb.
4, 1841, Harriet Burdain. He was a barrister-at-law and collector of
customs, and died without issue, Sept., 1845, aged fil. Benjamin M.,
the youngest brother, settled at Perrott, and was long a magistiate,
holding for some years an otlice in the house lately occupied by Andi-ew
Gilmore, the well-known old soldier, but built by Mr. Goldsmith within
the bounds of the fort. He died Feb., 1884, aged 86, leaving a large
posterity, many of them living in the town and vicinity. Oliver
possessed literary gifts, which, while they could not be compared with
those of his great ancestor, were by no means inconsiderable. As the
immortal Oliver pictured with poetic pathos the " Deserted Village," his
successor in the name undertook to pourtray the lot of thase who might
once have peopled such a place, b\it who had set themselves to the task of
building up a new village in the wild scenes to which they had removed,
and to dedicate the work to another brother Henry. 1 will give his
own words, under date Oct. 1, 1834 :
"To Henry fJoldsmith, Esq., Annapolis Roj'al : The celebrated ni;thor of tlie
'Deserted Village' has pathetically displayed the anguish of his countryi;ien in
being forced from various causes to tjuit their native plains, endeared to them by so
many delightful recollections, and to seek a refuge in regions at that time unknown,
or but little heard of. It would, perhaps, have V>een a subject of astonisiinient to
him could he have known that, in the course of events, some of his own relations
were to be natives of such distant countries, and that a grandson of his brother
Henry, to whom he dedicated his " Traveller," would first draw his breath at no
great distance from the spot
' Where wild Oswego spreads her swamps around,
And Niagara stuns with thundering soun<l.'
In the "Rising Village" I have endeavoured to describe the sufferings which the early
settlers experienced, the difficulties which they surmounted, the rise and progress of
a young country, and the prospects which jiromise happiness to its future
possessors. "
After a few lines of apostrophe to his brother, the poem proceeds :
" If then adown your cheek a tear should flow
For Auburn's village and its speechless woe ;
If while you weep, you think the 'lowly train.'
Their early joys can never more regain,
Come turn with me where happier prospects rise
Beneath the sternness of Acadian skies.
And thou, dear spirit ! whose harmonious lay
Didst lovely Auburn's piercing woes display.
Do thou to thy fond relative impart
Some portion of thy sweet poetic art ;
Like thine, oh ! let my verse as gently flow,
While truth and virtue in my numbers glow ;
And guide my pen with thy bewitching hand
To paint the Rising Village of the land.
How chaste and splendid are the scenes that lie
Beneath the circle of Britannia's sky !
What charming prospects there arrest the view,
How bright, how varied, and how boundless too !
•
190 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Cities anil i)liiiii8 oxtenrling far and wide,
The iiiercliaiit'H glory and tlie fanner's pride.
Majestic palaces in pomp display
The wealth and splendour of tiie regal sway ;
While the low hamlet and the sheplierd's cot,
in peace and freedom mark the peasant's lot.
Comj)ared with scenes like those, how lone and drear
Ui<l once Acadia's woods an<l wilds a))]>ear ;
Wiiere wandering savages, and lica.sts of prey,
Displayed, by turns, the fury of tiieir sway.
What noble courage must tlu'ir iiearts liavo fired,
How great the aidour which tiieir souls inspired,
Who leaving far behind tiieir native plain,
Have sought a iiome l>eyond the Western main.
Oh, none can tell l)ut tiiey wlio sadly siuire
The l)osoin"s anguish aiul its wihl despair.
What dire distress awaits tlie hardy liands
That ventiH'e first on Itleak and desert lands.
How great the pain, the danger and the toil
Which mark the (irst ru<le culture of the soil,
Wlien looking round, the lonely settler sees
His home amidst a wilderness of trees.
How sinks his heart in those deep solitudes
Whei'e not a voice upon his ear intrudes ;
Where solemn silence all this waste pervades
Heightening the horror of its gloomy siiades.
Save where the sturdj' woodman's strokes resound
That strew the fallen forest on the ground.
See from their heights the lofty pines ilescend,
And crackling, down their pond'roua lengths extend.
Soon from their boughs the curling flames arise.
Mount into air and redden all the skies ;
And where tlie forest once its foliage spread.
The golden corn triumphant waves its head.
How lilest did nature's ruggedness appear.
The otily source of trouble or of fear !
How happy, did no hardship meet his view,
No other care his anxious steps pursue ;
But while his labour gains a short repose,
And hope presents a solace for his woes.
New ills arise, new fears his peace annoy.
And other dangers all his hopes destroy.
Behold the savage tribes in wildest strain
Approach with death and terror in their train
No longer silence o'er the foi'est reigns.
No longer stillness now her power retains ;
But hideous yells announce the murderous band.
Whose bloody footsteps desolate the land.
He .lears them oft in sternest mood maintain
Their right to rule the mountain and the phiin ;
He liears them doom the white man's instant death.
Shrinks from the sentence, while he gasps for breath,
Then, rousing with one eii'ort all his might.
Darts from his hut, and saves himself by flight.
Yet, what a refuge I Here a host of foes
On every side his treinl)ling steps oppose ;
Here savage beasts around his cottage howl,
As through the gloomy wood they nightly prowl.
Till morning comes, and then is heanino more
The shouts of man, or beast's appalling roar.
The wandering Indian turns another way.
And brutes avoid the first approach of day.
HlfSTOKY OF ANXAPOLIS. 191
Wliilo time thus rolls his nipiil years ivwiiy,
The villiigu lises gently into ttay.
How sweet it is, at tiist apju'oaeli of nioni
Hofore the silvery ilew has left the lawn,
When warring winds are sleeping j'et on high
Or breathe as softly as tlie hosom's sigh,
To gain some easy hill's usoeniling height
Where all the landscape brightens with delight.
And boundless ]>rospccts streteheil on every side,
I'loelaim the country's industry and jiride.
Hei'e the bi'oad marsh extends its open plain,
Until its limits touch the distant main ;
There verdant meads along the uplands spring,
And giateful odours to the brce/.cs tiing ;
Here crops of grain in rich luxuriance rise.
And wave their gohlen riches to tlu^ skies ;
There smiling orchaids interruj)t the scene.
Or gardens l>ounded by some hedge of green ;
The farmer's cottage bosomed "mong the trees.
Whose spreading branches shelter from the breeze ;
The wiiiding stream that tni'ns the busy mill,
Whose clacking echoes o'er the distant hill ;
The neat white church, beside whose walls are spread
The grass-clad hillocks of the sacred dead ;
Where rude-cut stone or painted tablet tell,
In laboured voice, how youtli and beauty fell ;
How worth and hope wei'e hurried to the grave
And torn from those who had no |)ower to save.
Dear lovely spot ! oh, may such charms as these,
Sweet tranquil charms, that cannot fail to please,
Forever leign around thee, and impart
Joy, peace and comfort to each native heart.
Happy Acadia I thcmgh around thy shore
Is heard the stormy wind's terrific roar ;
Though round thee Winter binds his icy chain.
And his rude temjiests sweej) along thy plain.
Still Summer comes and decorates thy land
With fruits and flowers from her luxuriant hand ;
8till Autumn's gifts repay the labourer's toil
With richest products from thy feitile soil ;
With bounteous store his varied wants supply.
And scarce the )>lants of other suns deny.
How pleasing aTid how glowing with delight
Are now thy budding ho))e8 ! How sweetly bright
They rise to view I How full of joy appear
The expectations of each future year.
Not fifty siuumcrs yet have blest thy clime, —
How short a period in the page of time ! —
Since savage tribes, with terror in their train.
Rushed o'er thy fields, and ravaged all thy plain.
But some few years have rolled in haste away,
Since through thy vales the feai'less beast of prey,
With dismiil yell and louil appalling cry,
Proclaimed his midnight reign of terror nigh.
And now, how changed the scene ! The first afar
Have fled to wihls l>eneath the northern star ;
The last has learned to shun man's dreaded eye.
And in his turn to distant regions tiy ;
While the poor peasant, whose laborious caie
Scai'ce from the soil coxiM wring his scant}' fare ;
Now in the peaceful arts of culture skilled.
Sees his wide barn with ample treasures filled ;
Now finds his dwelling, as the year goes round.
Beyond his hopes with joy and plenty crowned."
(^HAPTER XII.
THE TOWNSHIP OF GRANVILLE.
Description— (Jrants issued — Settlers arrive— Names of grantees— Census of 1767
and 1770— Names of early settlers and their families — The Patten-Farnsworth
feud — Representation of the county — River fisheries — The Shaw embroglio
— Names of militiamen — Arrival of Loyalists— Roads to Bay of Fundy — Shaw
and Millidge election — Disputes about the fisheries — Bridgetown.
THIS fine township is bounded as follows : On the north by the
Bay of Fundy ; on the east by the township of Wilmot ; on the
south by the Annapolis River and basin, and on the Avest by the strait
connecting the Annapolis Basin with the Bay of Fundy. The range of
hills, locally known as the North Mountains, divides it into two nearly
equal parts, which may be termed the mountain and valley districts.
The former consists of a strip of land gradually increasing in width from
its western end at the strait aforesaid to its eastern extremity at the
Wilmot boundary ; its northern edge is washed by the waters of the Bay
of Fundy, and its southern side is formed by an irregular line, following
the greatest elevation in the chain of hills before named. The soil of
this district is formed by the decomposition of the trappean rocks which
everywhere underlie its surface, and has usually been esteemed as
admirably adapted to the growth of wheat and other grains, and when
properly cultivated has always proved productive. It is well watered,
its streams, though small, being very numerous, and almost without
exception discharging their waters into the bay, the slope of the surface
being toward the north.
The forests which originally covered this tract were very fine ; in fact,
it may be said they were equalled by few others in any part of the
country. They were composed of a tall and thrifty growth of beech,
birch, maple, elm, ash and poplar, among the deciduous trees ; and of
pine, spruce, hemlock and fir, among the evergreens. It is sad to think
of the almost wanton waste perpetrated by our forefathers, in clearing
their farms in this, as in other districts of the county. It was too
common a practice with them to cut away, as far as possible, every
vestige of these magnificent forests, even rejecting native trees for
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 193
purposes of shad*', shelter or ornament, and to regard thom as their
greatest enemy luther than as a certain source of future wealth.
Hundreds of thousands, nay, millions of cords of most valuable timber
have been reduced to ashes in preparing the ground for the operations of
tlie plough and the scythe ; and as many more liave in more recent years
been shipped to the neighbouring United States as an article of commerce.
It is cheering to know, howevei", that some portions of the original
forests remain, and contribute largely to the successful ship-building of
the existing inhabitants.
The Bay of Fundy coast attbrds no natural harbours to this township,
though artificial breakwaters have been constructed, which do duty in
their stead, by the aid of wliicii a large trade is carried on from these
points with New Brunswick and the adjoining Republic ; and ship-yards,
when wooden ships were in demand, were to be found plentifully
sprinkled along its shores, from which every year numbers of new vessels
of all sizes were added to the mercantile marine of the Province.
The valley district of this township possesses a very fertile and
productive soil, its alluvial portion* being very rich and valuable. It
includes a considerable number of dyked marshes — one of which contains
nearly a thousand acres, and bears the name " Belleisle," in honour of one
of the old French seigneurs of Port Royal, the Sieui" de Belleisle, within
whose seigniory it was situated. The upland soils of this part of the
township are of a mixed character, and well known to be especially
adapted to the growth of fruit trees. There are few of the farms
without an orchard, while many of them have more than one. The
owners of these farms have ready access to the markets of the world
by means of the river and basin which form the boundary of their
southern frontage, and the farms have been so arranged that each one of
them possesses its share of marsh, tillage, pasture and woodlands.
The streams of this division are also small but exceedingly numerous,
and flow in a southern direction to the river and basin. Roads extend
northwardly, at short intervals, from the main highway, over the
mountain to the Bay of Fundy ; and these are again intersected by
others running parallel to the latter, thus furnishing easy communication
with all sections of it. The shores of the basin have valuable herring
fisheries connected with them, and the Bay of Fundy yields a ready and
abundant supply of cod, halibut, hake, haddock, pollock and herrings.
Indeed, few townships are more bountifully furnished with the leading
elements of prosperity and wealth than Granville ; nor are there many
better provided with school and church accommodation. Several of
the churches are very handsome structures and reflect much credit
upon the denominations to which they belong. "It contains only
two villages of any size, however, namely, Bridgetown, at the head of
13
194 HrSTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS.
navigation, which was founded by the late John Crosskill,* having Ijeen
laid out by him in 182'J ; and Granville Ferry. Each of them is
pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river, and l)oth were long
favourite places for ship-building. The Windsor and Annapolis Kail way
Company have a substantial V)ridge spanning the river n^ar the first-
named village, and attempts have been made to secure the erection of
another to span the river between Granville Ferry and Annapolis.
Few events worthy of note occurred in this township from the
date of the French expulsion to 1760. The lands of the expatriated
hahitans during this period remained without occupants. The French
had settlements near (roat Island, and at intervals along the river
eastward to Bellisle, where the Martins are known to have lived. Still
farther eastward hamlets and isolated clearings were to be found as far
eastward as the township extended ; the most eastern hamlet of which
any certain knowledge has been obtained, was that in which the family
of Prince, or Le Prince, resided, the site of which is revealed in the
following extract from the grant of 1759. The boundaries of the
township are therein described as '•Beginning at the gut of Annapolis,
and V)ounded by the said gut westerly, and from thence running
according to the course of the basin of Annapolis, extending up the said
river to the vacated settlement of Carlf Prince measuring thirty miles
or thereabouts ; and from the River Annapolis by the house of the said
Carl Prince, course north-west six miles or thereabouts to the Bay of y
Fundy, and bounded by the said bay and running west and south-west ^j ^
according to the course of the said bay to the gut of Annapolis." ^ ^ y
The first House of Assembly met in Halifax in October, 1758, and j^^^tJ
during the same month Governor Lawrence issued his proclamation '\^ ^ ,
touching the settlement of the lands vacated by the French, by people
from the New England colonies. In consequence of this action on the
part of (Srovernor Lawrence, in the following year James Read and John
(jrow, of the township of Lunenburg, in the Province of Massachusetts,
and Paul Crocker, of Hollies, in the Province of New Hampshire, liSaHe
application in the name of themselves and their associates for a grant
of one hundred thousand acres of land on the north side of the basin and J
river of Annapolis ; and a grant passed to them on the 27th of June in
that year. It^va8^o_coQ5iitti>jLtwo^huodted jh^ of fivei_hundred acres
each, and 138 were cgmfij^ed on that occasion. Nineteen other shares
were convej'ed % a supplementary grant dSted AugUsfT^th, 1759] ^
* Captain Crosskill hail been in the naval service of the Crown as master of
tlie armed snow. Earl of Moira, 1794-98, and probably became the owner of the
lot on which the town stands, by purchase. On retiring he spent some years in
Halifax, but afterwaj-ds lived in the county. He died May, 1826, »uul some of his
descendants still perpetuate his name among us. — [Ki>.]
tit is remarkable that the German form "Carl'' shoidd have lieen here used
instead of the French "Charles."— [Ed.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
195
Acting-Lieutenant-Governor Belcher, in a report to tlie Board of
Trade, dated in December, 1760, informs them that the townships of
Granville and Annapolis had lieen occupied by thirty of the proprietors,
and that the remainder of them, with their families, were expected to
arrive early in the spring of the ensuing year.
The first House of Assembly having been chosen by the electors
of the Province at large, no member was sent from this part of the
country, but from the time of convening the second it will Ije found that
representatives have been continuously elected to the present time. In
June, 1759, the County of Annapolis was created, covering the territory
now included within its boundaries together with what now forms the
County of Digby, and appears to have been represente<l in the second
assembly, which was chosen in that year, by Erasmus J. Phillips, major
in the 40th regiment, and Colonel Jonathan Hoar.
The subjoined alphabetical list contains the names of the persons who
applied for the grant of 1 759, together with the place offormer residence,
in New England, of each of them :
Name. Residence.
Austin, Daniel Lunenburg, Mass.
Avery, Jonathan Townshend.
Austin, John Hollies, N.H.
Austin, Thomas „
Austin, Timothy n
Austin, Benjamin m
Austin, Daniel, jun Lunenburg.
Brown, Aaron Lunenburg.
Baillie, Isaac m
Butler, Simeon Charlestown.
Bailey, Josiah Lunenbui'g.
Brynton, Jonathan n
Bradstroet, Jonathan n
Belcher, Jeremiah „
Bradstreet, Samuel n
Bass, John . . n
Better, Moses n
Bigclow, Benjamin i>
Blair, John Groton.
Bell, Jeremiah Townshend.
Butterick, Francis n
Ball, Thomas Bolton.
Chandler, Joshua Hollies, N. H.
Crocker, Paul n
Chadwick, William m
Carter, Elias Leominster.
Coleman, James Dorchester.
Name. Keaidence.
Cole, John Juohegan, N.H.
Connunt, John Townshend,
Chandler, David Hollies, N.H.
Croker, John . . Lunenburg.
Carlton, Abraham <■
Croker, James Narrugansett.
Crooker, Timothy Ciroreham.
Dalton, Thomas Lunenburg,
Dunsmore, .John m
Dasconib, James .... n
Davis, Joseph n
Davis, iSamnol n
Darling, John m
Darling, Timothy m
Dowing, Daniel Wilmington.
Douglass, Samuel Townshend.
i Fletcher, Jonas Lunenburg.
Fowler, Richard i.
Farwell, John n
Fuller, John n
Foster, Jeremiah Canada,
Fielder, Aaron Ipswich, N. H.
Fletcher, Paul Groton,
Gibson, Isaac Lunenburg.
Grow, John n
(iroodridge, Philip n
196
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Name. KeHklenci'.
Goodridgc, Daviil Lurinnluir^,
Ooodi'iilgo, JohIiuh n
(liboriiet, William n
(iipHon, •lolin II
Gihson, Kuiilicii ii
UibHon, Joseph n
<iriiRT, Elijah n
( ji'owiiig, Tiionias Lynn.
(i raves, llicliartl Narrai^ansett.
(•row, Joel EVtorshani.
Gi'uiit, ilonathan n
Gaudull, Jowph Boston,
Holt, Jonathan Ipswich, N.H.
Holt, William Luncnbin-g.
Hunt, Samuel Lunenburg.
Hutchins, Joshua h
Harding, Elijah (Jroton.
Harding, Andrew Littleton.
Hart, Eliene/.er Lunenburg.
HazelwcMxl, Nathan n
Hosely, JoHcph Narragansett.
Holden, Asa JShirley.
Hewey, Jolni Peterboro'.
Harper, Samuel Harvard.
Hinds, Jacob Greenwich.
Hinds, Benjamin h
Hinds, Joseph n
Hinds, Nehemiali m
James, William Lunenburg.
Judwine, William n
Jackman, Abner n
Larabee, Benjamin Lunenburg.
Lovejoy, John n
Lovejoy, Jonathan Hollies, N. H.
Merril, David Lunenburg.
Moffit, John Ipswich, N. H.
Mcintosh, Archibald Townshend.
Parker, Jonathan Lunenburg.
Plath, Nathan n
Name, RcHidence.
Page, Nathaniel Lunenburg.
P«)ol, Sanniel , n
Pool, James n
Page, David n
Poor, David Ipswich, N.H.
Read, James Lunenburg.
Reddington, Benjaiiiiri m
Rogers, Nathaniel Charlestown.
Reddington, Isaac I^unenburg.
Stone, Isaac Harvard.
Spofl'ord, Moses Lunenburg.
Sterns, Thomas m
Stiles, Levi n
Spollbrt,, Hradstreet "
Spofl'or 1, John . . Charlc.>4towu.
Stackwell, Ephraini Petersham.
Sawyers, J()se])h Soughegan, N. Fl.
Sawtell, Uriah Townshend.
Sowing, Ebenezer, jun Shirley.
Taylor, Aaron Lunenburg.
Taylor, Richard ..
Taylor, Caleb m
Taylor, Daviil n
Trumbull, < ieorge n
White, Jonathan Leominster.
Wilder, Thomas n
Wilson, Jonathan i.
White, Patrick Lunenburg.
Wyman, John n
Wallis, Benoni m
WetherlMj, Benjamin n
Wyman, i-^zekiel "
Whitney, Jonathan n
Wills, Isaiah <>
Willard, Jonathan .■
White, John »
White, Charles
Whitney, Ephraim n
Wheelock, Abel Leominster.
The supplementary grant for the other nineteen shares contained the
following names : Erasmus J. Phillips, Henry Newton, John Newton,
Thomas Williams, John Taggart, Joseph Winniett, Benjamin Rumsey,
Erasmus J. Phillips, William Howe, Joseph Howe, Edward Howe, John
Harris, Jeremiah Rodgers, Rev. Thomas Wood and; Robert Sanderson,
HISTOUV OF ANNAPOLIS. 197
all of Nova Scotia, and Joseph Bennett, of the Province of New York.
The condition of this grant was that five families sliould lie settled by
the grantees on oi- JKifore the thirty-first day of May, 1760. It is
probable th.'it this grant was cancelled owing to its conditions not having
Iwen complied with, as most of the lands seem t<» have been conveyed by
grants bearing dates irom 1761 to 1769. The lots of the Chesleys, the
Dodges, tlie Wades and several others were granted in 1764. Joseph
Milbury — the progenitor of the families bearing that name — was the
owner of two lots in 1770, and from an affidavit made by him in the
Farnsworth and Patten embroglio in 1763, it may be inferred that his
lands were granted not later than that year. Job Young, the ancestor
of the extensive and i-espectable family of that nan\e, must have been
settled here as early as 1760, for the census of 1770 afRi-ms that seven of
his children had been l)orn since his arrival in the Province. The same
thingmay be said of_niany othfti- families, notably of the Troops, the
Wheelocks, the~Bolsors and the WoodTjui-y's.™
It is to be regretted the census return of 1767 is absent from the
provincial archives. The general results obtained by it, however, are at
hand, from which we learn that (Jranville contained a population of
38.'$ souls in that year ; that they were all Protestants ; that the famili es
wei'e all of American birth, with the exception of ten who were English,
of_eight who wei-eScoFch, of seven wiio were Irish, and ten others of
foreign birth, mostly German. These people were then possessed of 852
"head of horned cattle, 440 sheep, 30 horses, 157 swine, 12 fishing lx)ats
and 1 schooner. These particulars will enable the reader to compare the
condition of the township then with what it was three years later in
1770, when another census was taken the particulars of which, with the
names of the settlers, have been preserved, and which will now be
presented to the reader. That part of the return relating to cattle,
etc., will be stated in results only.
i =i- I i i = >. I .1
/ namk. ;| I |: nam«. -ri I I
\ Brown, .losepli 5 I 3 [ Diidnoy, Samuel 3 .. 1
Baines, Nathaniel 4 2 2 1 Dodge, Asahel 3 1 2
\ Brown, John 2 2 . . 1
Bent, Samuel 8 2 6 i Fellows, Israel 7 2 5
Bolsor, Peter 3 1 1 Foster, Ezekiel 7 2 5
Fo.ster, Isaac }) 4 5
Farnsworth, Amos 5 3 2
Fletcher, Ensign David 10 2 8
Farnsworth, Jonas 2 2 . .
Farnsworth, Solomon 5 2 3
Chute, .Samuel 5 2 3
(■hesley, Samuel H 2 6
Glai'k , Thomas 2 . .
Coleman, John (J 2 4
Dodge, Isaiah 7 2 5
Dill, Daniel 3 3 ..
Graves, Lieut. William
198
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
ei- I .2
HarriH, Samuel 8 4 4
Hamiltnii, Andrew 4 2
Hill, John 5 '2 3
Hall, Joliii 7 •« 3
Hiimnion, ('liarlvH 2
Haynt'H, John 3 2 1
Hall, /acliuriah 4 4
Leonard, Jonathan 6 2 4
Longley, Inrael 4
Leitch, John 8 3 o
Munro, Col. Henry 9 1 7
Mai'Hhall, Isaac 3 2 I
Marshall, William 8 2 (I
Miller, FranciH 10 . . «
Morse, Rev. Azarelah 4 3 I
Morrison, John
Milhury, Joseph H 3 3
McKensie, Edward 8 7
Mc(Jregor, Thomas 4 . . 2
Parsons, John 4 2
Parker, Abijah 8 2 6
Prescott, Capt. Peter 1 1
Potter, James 4 2 2
Patten, Joseph 5 5 . .
Phinney, Isaac 8 2 6
Raddox, (Jeorge 3 . .
Robinson, Alexander 4 2 , .
Namr. ^ I
Uicketson, AU'dnugo 10
Roai^h, Patrick 6
Ray, Moses 4
Starratt, Peter 5
Stari'att, •losoph 4
Snow, Jabez 6
Shankel, (icorge 5
Sproule, Roliert 6
Shaw, Moses 8
Starks, John 8
Shafuur, Adam 7
Saunders, Timothy "77". 6
Spinney, Samuel tt
Troop, Valentine 9
TnKjp, .Jacob 2
Tucker, Richard 4
Trahee, Thomas 3
Wa<le, John 7
Wcxxlbury, Jonathan 9
Wooster, (ieorge 10
Witherspoon, John 8
Wheelock, Abel 8
Walker, Ann 6
Wier, Capt. Elias 8
Young, Job 9
Zinclairs, Frederic 3
I 1
2
4
6
••
1
6
1
3
1
•
1
4
3
2
7
8
4
4
2
6
6
4
4
The township contpained 747 head of horned cattle, showing a decrease
on the number reported in 1767 equal to 13 per cent. ; 581 sheef
yielding an increase equal to 30 per cent. ; 60 horses, giving a gain equul
to over 50 per cent., and 104 swine, indicating a decrease of about 30
per cent. The two schooners were owned by John Hall and Joseph
Starratt, respectively, and the only sloop in the township found an
owner in John McGregor. The population showed a trifling increase
of 8 per cent. The English element had decreased, while the Scotch,
Irish and German had increased. The following families were either
in part or wholly German : Bolsor, ^ Dudney, Miller and Troop. Charles
Hammon and wife. Colonel Henry jMunro, George Raddox were all born
in Scotland. Patrick Roach and jwife, Moses Ray and family, Thomas
*The (Jernian fcA-ni is Baltzor. — [Ed.]
X
?y
A^
\
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 199
Traline ami wife, John MorriHuii aiui fiiinily, John ParHonH and wife,
and Petor Starratt and family wero all of Irish birth.
It will not \m out «>f placo hero to notice mune factN connected witli a
number of the persons whose names have l)een recorded in this the first
census of (}ranville n(»w extant.
Samurl Bent's descendants are very numerous, and many of them
stilljjBBide in the; township.
Petkk UoLHoii lieeame the progenitor of all tlie families l)earing that
^name in the county. His grandchildren and great-grand»hildren occupy
homeste ads in Wihnot and other townships.
The family of Samuel Chute prove<l to be a very prolific «)ne, and his
descendants may be reckoned by hundrtKis. There is scarcely a county
in the Province that does not contain the home of one or more of them.
Samuel (yiiESLKv'a descendants are lK»th numerous and highly respect-
able. The present representative of the family is Thomas W. Chesley,
who is a barrister of the Supreme Court, as well iw one of the leading
agriculturalists of the county.
Josiah Do due, whose lots adjoined those of Chesle}, was also the
progenitor oi a large and respectable family. One of his sons was for
more than forty years a Justice of the Peace of the county.
Israel Fellows left sons from whom have sprung numerous families.
A distinguished descendant, James I. Fellows, has been mentioned on
page 158.
EzEKiEL and Isaac Foster, who were brothers, both left families that
have multiplied manifold.
Amos and Solomon Faknswoktu have descendants living to this day
in Granville, Wilmot and Aylesford, and the great-grandchildren of
W1LLIA.M (ittAVES are still to be found in the two latter townships.
Isaac and William Marshall were brothers. Previous to coming
here they were residents of Dedham, in Massachusetts. Their ancestor,
Williau) Marshall, who emigrated from England in 1G35, was a native of
Cranebrook, in Kent, and was born in 1595. He sailed for America on
the 17th of June, 1635, in the ship Abigail, Robert Hackwell, master.
The passengers by this ship were duly certified by the minister and a
Justice of the Peace as being Conformists, and as having taken the oaths
of allegiance and supremacy. Isaac Marshall was the progenitor of a very
numerous family. The late William Marshall, of Clarence Centra, was of
this branch of the Marshall tree. Asaph Marshall, Es*]., of Paradise, is
the representative of this family in the present generation. William
Marshall, whose wife was Lydia Willett, of Dedham — the maternal
great-grandfather of the author — had also a large ofispring, the members
of which have become very numerous. He settled in Granville in 1761,
where in 1771 he possessed two lots consisting of one thousand acres of
200 insTOItV OI' ANNAPOLIS.
laud. AlM»ut tlio yi'iir 177<i lin scdd this pri>|K'rty iinil rfiiii»vo<l to
Wi>Ht*>i'ti Ooi'iiwalliH, wlit'i'f lie t>stiil)lisli(>(i ii ii(*w hoiiiit foi' liiinsi'lf aiui
family, lu 17^7 lie rtMiiovfil Win family ttiu'v mort) to <iraiivillt', and
shortly afUT li« viHited I'arr Town — now St. Jolin, N. IJ. — wlit'ic ho had
)>econi(t thn owner of a town lot, Haid to havt> Iteau that Ion){ since
occupied hy th»' London Houhp, on the north h'uU> of tlio marki^t s(juart\
From this dato ho was novor aftorwards hoard froni. It is known that
after ho had concludod thu husinosx, which waH the ohjoct of his visit,
and no vessel being available to enable him to rocro.ss the bay, he
purcfiased snow shoes (it was about the bej^inninx of winter in 1787 or
178H) and provisions for the occasion, and announced his intention to
endeavour to reach his home by way of the isthmus of Baie N'erte. In
the attempt he perished ; at all events ho never again visited his home,
and it was generally believed that his body found a final resting place in
an inhospitable New Brunswick wilderness.
Valkntink Tuoop and his wife were (termaiis, and had been but a
year or two in New England before their migration to Granville. Their
eldest child only was born in Massachusetts. 11 is lot was situated a
short distance to the eastward of the village of (Jranville Ferry, just
alx)ve the lower narrows. The extreme frontage of it is still known as
"Troops Point," but made historic nearly half a century before his arrival
l)y a tragedy related in detailing the events of the unsuccessful attemj)t on
Port Koyal by the New England troops. Tliis worthy old (Jerman little
thought that liis great-grandchildren should become leading men in the
administration of public affairs ; that one of them should be chosen
" first commoner " in the land, und that others should become leading
merchants in the two greatest cities in the Maritime Provinces, yet such
has 1)00 n the ca.se.*
FitANcis MiLLKU, who, according to tradition, came from New York,
was also a Gernjan, or of German descent, and his two eldest children
were born before his arrival here. His descendants are very many, and
reside on Hanley Mountain and Clarence West, and in other localities.
Abijah Pakkkh and his wife were Iwrn in Massachusetts, but their
children were all of Nova Scotia birth. This family may be fairly
ranked among the prolific ones of the townslir).
Edwakd McKknzik, who settled in the western end of the district,
had a large family, and his grandchildren and great-grandchildren yet
inhabit the part of the county toward the settlement of which their
sturdy ancestor so largely contributed.
The families of Timotby Saunders and Samuel Spinney removed to
Wilmot and Aylesford, where they continued to increase and multiply,
and where many of them are yet to be found.
-[Ed.]
See the genealogy, post, for note? on the alleged German ancestry of the Troops.
D.l
IIISTOIIV OK ANN'AI'f)I,IH. 201
Adam HniAKM'.u was » <i«!riniin Ity l>irtli, iirid on** of tli« (ifriniui
iminiKt'Hiits *){ I7'>2. 11*- did not n'miiiii long in [iUncnhuig wh(*n> ho
Krsl Mnttlod, but soon iifU'r the lulvcnt of tho New Kngliind settloiH li«
reniovod to (Jmnvillo whore lio Hxod liis iiIkmIo tor tlie renuiinder of his
life. His 8on Ferdiimiul, from wlioni th»' present ftimily are directly
descended, was Itorn at sea on the j)assa),'eof his parents from their father-
land. He succeeded his father in the possession of the homestemi.
At his deceaHe l>e left several sons and daughters. Of the former
there were at least tVjur, Ferdinand, Calel), James and John, every
one of whom left children, so that the name has l)ecome as conunon as it
is respectable, in (tr anville, A nnapolis and VVilmot . A great-great-
grandson of Adam Schafner has been a representative of the county in
tlie Tjt'gislative Assembly.
RoHKiiT Si'Hoi'LK, the father of a family whose male njenil)ers were the
e<]uals of the Uents and Youngs in muscular endowments, was a pioneer
.settler in this township. His de.scendants still occupy a place in it. One
of them, it is said, has become the pos,ses8or of considerable wealth in
Nevada, where he has iMsen employed for several years in mining pursuits.
Jonathan VV'ooumuv's* household in 1770 con.sisted of nine members,
two of which, himself and wife, were of Xdw England birth ; the remain-
ing seven, his children, were all born in Nova Scotia. Mr. Woodbury
owned the three lots (covering 1,500 acres), which were afterwards
known as the Millidge farm, long the property of Colonel Thomas
Millidge. One of these lots is that owned at his death in 1896, by John
Hernard Calnek. It is believed that some time after tiie arrival of the
fjoyalists Mr. Wotnlbury sold his lands to Millidge, and obtaineti a grant
of others in the township of Wilmot, to which he removed his
family al>out ten years before the commencement of the century. This
grant adjoins the Huggles grant on its western boundary, and was
therefore situated nearly midway between Gates' Ferry as* it was then
called, now Middleton, and Dodge's P^erry, 'ate Gibbon's. It was on this
block of land that the celebrated Spa spii.ig was discovered. Several
.sons and daughters survived him, though he lived to a very advanced age.
Two of his grandsons married granddaughters of General Timothy
Huggles. His descendants are numerous.
Groikjk Woosteh and his .'.'ife were of German birth, f but the eight
children that had blessed their marriage were all of Nova Scotia birth.
* Mr. Woodbury was a, physician by [)rofeHsion.
+ The (lurinan origin of the Wooster family may be questioned. There are two
Now Knghind families, one descended from Rev. VVm. Worcester, or Worster, who
came over about l(i39, and another from I'idward Wooster, Woster, or Worster, of
Milfonl, Mass., in 1652, who had a son Henrj-, born August 18, 1666, who died in
tlie army in an expedition against Nova Scotia or Canada. Kdward left twelve
children, and one oi his descendants, David Wouster, was a distinguished general in
the Revolutionary army. — [Ed.]
202 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
if the census return of that year is to be taken as a guide. The descen-
dants f)f this worthy couple are chiefly to be found in Lower Granville,
where they lived and died.
MosKs Shaw's descendants long maintained the ascendancy which their
founder gained and so worthily held in his adopted township. In ship-
building, in agriculture, in trade and commerce and other pursuits their
abilities and energies found congenial employment, and more or less profit.
This family has furnished in two generations two representatives of
the people to the assembly of the Province, — men who were eapal>le of
taking a respectable part in the deliberations of that body.
Job Young's " little one has become a thousand." The offspring of
his family are to be found in various parts of the county and country, and
have long been distinguished for personal strength and courage, as well
OS, generally, for industry and application to business. It was of a
branch of this family, that of the late Abraham Young, of Young's
Mountain, that the late Professor James F. W. Johnston wrote in his
" Notes on North America," when he said that a household existed in the
county, one of whose members could go into a forest and mark every
tree required for the construction of a ship ; that another could lay down
her lines and mould the timbers to their proper shape and dimensions,
while others were competent to perform the operations of caulking,
rigging and sailing her. Such have been the men furnished by our
pre-loyalist fathers, to whose pioneer labours we owe so much for the
present improved condition of the country. Surely no niggardly pen
should be used in recording the praises of such ancestors. If their eyes
could behold the scenes of their early labours and privations as they
appear to-day, orchards in the place of wilderness, and handsome and
substantial cottages in the place of log huts, ,
"^ow would their hearts with purest pleasure swell, ^
To see their early labours crowned so well ! "
Let us now take a step backward to notice some events of 1763.
Among the many curious papers which have been preserved through the
agency of the Commissioner of Records, I have found one relating to an
old and long-forgotten feud which possesses considerable interest besides
illustrating the fact that infant settlements are not exempt from the
strifes and conflicting interests that afflict and disturb older ones. Thii
dispute was between Joseph Patten and Amos Farnsworth, and had
reference to lot No, 77 in Granville. On Farnsworth's arrival in the
Province with his family, he proceeded to take immediate possession of
the lot which it appears had been previously assigned him. The following
affidavit states the facts as succinctly as possible, and I therefore
transcribe it verbatim :
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 203
" We the Subscribers being of Lawful age, Testify an<l say, that on the hit day
of November, 17(53, we were desired ))y Josepli Patten, of Annapolis Royall, Esquire,
to goe with him to his House in (Iranville on Lott 77, which we did, and when we
came there we saw Amos Farnaworth and wife and some children Standing l)y the
fire near said House, and Mr. I'atten said to Mr. Fai-nsworth that the Honourable
Committee had ordered him the possession and improvement of said Lott, But had
also ordered that in cose Amos Farnswortii Should come a Hearty Settler with his
family and stock before tlie last day of October, I7(>3, he shouhl have the Lott after
he the said Patten had taken off what he had Raised on said Lott, and was paid foi'
all the improvements He lia<l made on said Lott, whieii Conditions Mr. Patten
offered said Farnsworth to comply with, which Amos Farnsworth utterly Refused to
Comply witli, and said that he did not Look up])on what tlie Committee had done as
anything ; and Mr. Patten desired Liberty of said Faniswortli to take his goods and
effects off said place. But said Farnsworth utterly Refuseil Him Libei-ty to take
anything off the Place, and there was cattle on tlie said Lott near by and Farnaworth
said to Mr. Patten, if any of tliose cattle are yours take them away, for they shall
not Stay on the Lott ; and Mr. Patten forbid said Farnsworth from making any
improvf?ment8 on sd. Lott 77, or of taking things ott' His nntill He Had taken ofl" all
his Effects and was paid upon valuation for all He had done on said Lott : and on
the third day of November, 1763, we were desireil by Mr. Patten to goe with Him to
his House in Lott 77 which we diil, and we Saw Amos Farnsworth on the top of the
said House at work, and his wife in the House ; and Mr. Patten desired Amos
Farnsworth to Deliver Him the Possession of said House and of all his effects which
he had taken into His Possession, all which Amos Farnsworth utterly Refused to do
unless it were cattle, which if any He Required Him to take them away, and Mr.
Patten desired us to take notice of his Improvements and effects, etc. , which we did,
and further aaith not.
"(Sitfned), Joseph Milburv.
Job Youso.
"Granville, Nov. 3rd, 1763."
Three days after this affidavit was made Patten addressed a letter to
his attorney in Halifax, which was in the following terms :
"On the 28th October last Amoa Farnsworth Came to Annapolis and brought
with Him his wife, two Children, a negro, and an old horse not worth ten shillings,
and on the 29th he went up the river to my House and Lott 77 in Granville w ith his
wife and children, and by force and arms Brak open my House, then being locked
up and Put therein Sundry goods, I not l)eing present or knowing thereof ; neither
had He ever seen me or my family or Ever given any of us the least notice that he
was come or desired the Lott, and amediately seized on my Sider appela, Potatoes
and husbandry tules and everything that I had on the Lott and in the House, and
Converted them to his own use ; and on the first of November, 17()3, I and one of
my neighbours went to my House at about () o'clock in tiie morning, and 1 Hearing
a Noyse in my House unlocked my fore door and Looked into my House, and Saw
Amos Farnsworth going out at the end door of my house which He had broken down,
and I amediately shut to my door and was locking thereof on the outsiile of the
Housf* and Amos Farnsworth came behind me, and without ever speaking one word
to me Siruck me with his fist and almost knocked me down, etc.
" He and his family eat my Potatoes, Appels, Cabbidges, drink my Sider, make
use of my hu8ban<lry tules and lend them to others, and let out my Sider mill, etc.
And all this by the Advice of a certain man (you may judge who) that hath promised
204 IIISTOIIY Ol' ANNAI'OI.IH.
oil! KarriHworMi Kuyiii^, ' If I'allnii HJiniiltl ( liiiiiini'in'i! iiii,v act inn In- woiilil (tii^'iiK''
l\itt<^ii hIiimiIiI hmv tlui l:uH<^' I lUii not- at iiiiy Stiiiiil wlial. ('ot'rit of Law Id tiikt! in
Hiirli OiiHrH aH I liiiV)- til)' Law of Kn^lanil anil ol' lliirt I'rovinri' liy nut, But an to I In-
act of tliiH l''oi'i ililr cnlry or il<<laiMtii' I rannot liavr Ki'tn'lil Mnncof KH|Mirially now
S(|iilrii Hari'iH Ih not in tlio ('oiiiity, for Mr, Kvatm tohl inu that ho ili<l not know or
nnilt'iHtanil Law, iimi llial hit ni'Vitr had iloritt anything in thf ■IiiHtiiMt ollii'n, nor
nitvcr intcniliril to, anil unnlil not act ; anil aH t.hi^nt in nowhi-ir <tlHi< I ran apply to
with tint LitaHt KxptMttation of Having .InHtiriMlon)' nitt in thiHionnly nnli>MH it he by
an honi-Mt.lnry on which I ronlil Hafrly Kttly. Knt. it' lint •Inry Hhonlil hit |>irkitil anil
hi'ilii'il to Hitrvi' a 'I'lirn, whii'h I ilan- not nay Math not liiti-n tint ( 'aHf in a certain
(Jonnty in tluM I'rovinci'."
Mr. I'attiiM cliiHitH this part, of liis htttitr l»y di'siriiij? his <!iirr<'H|M)iMl<tnt
to Hitiiil iiitii a writ, of uMjU'liiiK'nt, "Tliat I may olhich ihr wf/rii and
«!vi'rytliiiif{ tliat I''ariiswoi'tli is |)ohsi',shi'(1 of," anil iiistriiitts liirii toilitHitrilx*
the lii'fitiiilanl. in tint writ, as "Amos KarnHwoitli, of (iroton, in tint (>ounty
of Miilillc.Hitx, in (Jilt I'rovinri* of MaHHaitliiiHi'tt.H Ituy, in Nrw iOn^lanil,
Inislianilman, ritsiili'tit in (iranvillit, in tint (.'oiinty of Annapolis, in tint
I'rovinrit of Nova Sitotia, lnisl>ainlinan." Hit ri)nritii|i-H liis litn^t.liy Icttrr
with t.ho suhjoini'il poslHi-ript :
" I'ray sitnil nm hy a Very Safe llaml, a.nil as soon as I'oMHihlc anil aH private
aJHo, aH iiohoily knowH heritof at AnnitpoliH ; for the MickniacH are aInioHt reaily to
.lump out of their SkiiiH, Moping that hy all their |)evilliy they Hhall iliHconra>(e ine
from livin){ in the Oonnty, or at Ijcant' from Stamling l>y the people ami liy oih'
LihertieH,
"Sir, it Ih aH l<',vi<Ii)nt as wonlH (^'an make it that Aiiioh l'°a run worth Math no
intent to Siiititl in thin ('onntry, for I can I'rovit that when Mr. lOanHon MNkeil him
for the money that^ Me oweil Mini, KariiHWort Ii'h aiiHwei was that he iliil not lirinf{
ilown money to I'ay Mini, hut that. Me woiilil give Mini i\ Hoinl for it ami I'ay Mini
an Hoon an Me lonlil Settel tint iillairH of Min Lotts at (iranville anil Sell lliem ; anil
liiH wife anil negro hath tnlil many peiHorm that they iliil not ( !onie tn Setlel in
< iranville any longer than till .Spring, anil that they hIioiiIiI Iveliirri this l<'all in ( 'amt
tlwiy (!oiilil Set.tel their alVaiiH, etc.
" I am iletermineil to follow the ( loinmittee'H (of ( loiincil) orileiH an far as poHHihle
anil to tiike Sanctuary in the Law from hiicIi nnhearil of AIhihi', ami if the Sivel
liaw failn, I know of hut one more, which, an things are Cnrrieil on I fear will wion
hit maile iiHc of among some of the I'cople although I uhc my illmoHt I'liiileavor to
Provent it.
"I have wrote to my gooil IOhij. Marrin to Supply yon with money. I hail
Hecurcil the Siiler piirpoHcil for you hefoie KaiiiHWort h (Niiiie, Itiit the liarril of
appelM Me hath I'lat. up.
"I'ray Kxcuhc my 'I'louhliiig you after IliiH .Sortii anil Let me Hear from you hy
tJiii lirst safe opportunity, ymir gooilneHM Herein HJiall ever he ilnly acknowleilgeil hy
your llimeHt frieiiil, most oheilient anil nioHt. ohiig'til ami very hiimhlit iSitrvaiit.
"(Sgii.), .fosKi'ii I'A-rrKN.
" AimapoliH, (Hli Nov., I7(i:«."
On tin; 7th of Uio Hamo month hit ohtainitd anoMiitr alliilavit
from .losit|ili Milliury touithin^ anolhiti' assault madit upon him l>y
IIISTOIIY OK ANNAI'or.lS. 20i>
i'^ii'iiHwortli wliicli Im' (MK'liiHcd Willi the iilinvi^ <-(iiniiiiiiiicalii>ii Im IiIh
llHlil'ax r(ii'i'cs|ioriili'nt, and on lli<^ Mt.li wiolr to him ii^iiiii in llirsi-
wociIh :
"I rri'i'ivi'il vmii' lii'H|i<'c'li'cl liivnr (|ir. Ml. Wiiili') nl Ilii'Citli iriNlaiit. iiliil Iiii|M'
lliiit yiiii lliiAc my Lrllci of llic nmiim' cIii!i' iiihI nil my ulliri |iii|H'rH tli(tr(<willi
N(!||t yon. I hIioiiIiI Hmvc iimcdintcly diovc iMil olil IwiiiiMWorl li iH'cordiiifi to your
iidvii'i' lull t hat .liiili/i //(Iff/ diHWiiiiIrd MM' lioiii il, iiiitill I Hlioiild lliivc ii Ki'liirii
liniii yiMi III' my t.ctlt'i' <>r t III' III li iiihIiiiiI , liii I liiil. iii'it her yiiii iini' lliit lliinoiiiiililc
( ''iiMmll III' Mud Iti'i'ii iiiloiiiii'd III lilt' Siippi iHiii;; ('oiidiii'l ol Aiiioh Kiiiil'^wiii'I Ii
liiwiii iIh mr ill Slliidiy lti'H|iirtM, imd llirir IN a llo|ivliil I'loHjinrt id tlii' ('null iil
r'ommoii I'li'iis IkiIii;; alli'ii'd I'or ltl<i ^ood of Hn'. (loiiiifiy, ynii will IMfiiHO li>
('oimidoi' wIioiiIIkm' if will lir ISi'Hf to ('oiiiiiiiuk'i- IIki arlioii iifc llalil'iix oi' not.
Tlioi'K lliilli not hill',; Ki'iiiai Kalilc hii|i|i<uit'.d Hiiirr my IjiHt, Inif Kai'iiHWorfli(!iiMlJinii'M
to l>i'H|iiMr and lii'jii larli thi' lliiiioiiralili' < 'ommil lie, ( 'oiii|iiii iii^ t hnii to old a|i|i<-l
woiiH'ii, and KciiiiiTH Ihiil he llalh Ninh I'lriitifiil Mioirh. I'm iiitiii and liniMf witlioiif
LaliKiii'in^ fur It. Nir. Itrnjaiiiiii riiiiiiHry .Scnl fur mi' llii' iitlici day Mml Maid that
I hIioiiIiI iiiaUt' HoiiK' Itliiiidi'i' or MiHialio and Hurl iiiyHi'If. Ili' would iiiloiin mi'
that III' had takrn down what, the Halifax ( 'oinmiflri^ had lUili'ii'd ( 'oiirt'iniii^ it
hull. 77, which wuH, t.liat. fhr I'lmHiwHioii of Hiiid l<i>tt wiih Ktwrvnl to KarnHwortli,
and that ll« hIioiiIiI Havii iimrdiafr I'oHHi'HNion uh hooii iih Hit Ciiiiic down, and
that llti had an undoiilil<id ri^lil to all fhr CropN, and lo all on tlm I'lai'i-, Ihi |itiyin){
nut for uiy liuprovi'mt'iitH ; hut 4'ould not. nIiow it iinilrr I lie ('oiuiuit Ii'i'h Hand, and
aH I hIiouIiI do notliiu){ ('ont.rary to what, you and the llonoiiiahlc ( 'oinmiltrit hIuiII
ordrr, I tlHiri'foii- wait your fiirtlu'r adviir and lirj^ jravc lo Siilr<i'rilMi iiiyHi-lf,
i'U:.
" {i^H'^-), iloslini I'.X'ITKN.
" AnnapnliK, Nov. Mill, 17«3."
I'Voin Mid i'r(;itiil ill an olil lioiid in t.lir ar(<liiv<<,s linarin^ iial.«t .laniiary
.'(r<l, 171)1, it lia.s loti-n ini'itrmd tlia.t tlit; uiitliorit.ir.s finally granted the
diH|)iiti*d lot !.<> i'at.l.fii on t.li<- (Mindit.ion t.liai \\v. HJiould |iay lo /''nriisirorth
Huch an amount for tin- irnprttvoiiKints niad<> hy liiiii as iiii|iar(ial
arliil.rators hIioiiM dcclarit ; a fact wliiitli can only Im; accounted for l>y
assiiiniii^ that' Kaniswoi-th had iiiadit ini|irovcni(!ntH on the furin hitfont
1 70.'{, whitth Httcin.s proliahht <'no\i).;h from a reference in the (;oi-n!-
Npon<l(>nce (|ll<>(.<^(l, in which Patten HpeakH of the iii(hti)tiMlneH,s of the
former to ICasHon, and that the lat'titr had ociMipied the laixlH and the
ImprovemeiitH in the l>elief that l''a.riiH\vorth would never return to cdaim
tliem.
Conn(;ct()(i witli this all'air is an luutount rendered liy I'litten for
sundries ex|Ktn<l(Ml hy him on the (lisputed lands, from which may he
gathered some information regarding the value of lahour, iiimher aii<l
farm produ(;<t at this time. l<'rom it we Ntarii that hoards were wiirtli
$M.0() per thousand superlicial fectt ; hay, fO.Ott per ton ; cider, if'J.t'O
per harrid ; potatoes, '10 cents per husliel ; barrels for cider or (IhIi,
60 cents (tiich ; ciirpenter's daily wage, HO (tents ; and fence jamts
(morljced), 10 c«*nts.
206 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
As it is believed any statement relating to the original ownership of
the Granville lots will prove of interest to the reader, the subjoined
document is inserted :
" Know all men by these presents, tlint whereas the Lott No. 98 in the township
of (Jranville was drawn and first Designed for Ricliard Mott, then not present, nor
of full age, I liaving answered all Denian<ls in his absence Relative to said. Lott ;
this is therefore to Certify that the said Riuiiurd Mott Has fidly paid me for said
Charges, and that as the said Lott nas placed in my name Dtn-ing the said Mott's
absence, I fully Resign my Rights to the said Lott to the damage (nic) o{ said Mott ;
und further, I engage to assist all in my {)ower to Have the same Recorded to
Richard Mott, as Witness my Hanil this 19th March, 1764.
" (Signed), Pardon Sanders.
'• I do hereby Certify that the above is a true Copy of the Original.
"(Signed), Joskph Winniktt, 7./"."
This township was admitted to the privilege of representation by a
resolution of the Assembly in 1764, and in the succeeding year Colonel
Henry Munro became its first representative. Having resigned the trust
after two years' service he was succeeded by John Hicks, who was elected
in July, 1768, and who served until the general election which took place
in 1770, when the seat was conferred upon John Harris, who held it till
1772, at which time it pas.sed to Christopher Prince.
The river fisheries of the county w^ere considered objects worthy of
prosecution and preservation from its first settlement. They were for
many years placed under the control of the Court of Sessions, a policy
which was finally abandoned many years after at the suggestion of the
late Judge Wiswall, to the great regret of the majority of the people
interested in them. At the April Term of the Court in 1772 the follow-
ing regulations were made :
" Annapolis SS. In consequence of the within Presentment of the Court of
(General Sessions of the Peace, do order and make the following Regulations for the
River fishery in said County, viz.: That the Persons hereafter named be Overseers
or Directors of said fisheries, and that they or a major part of them agree on a time
and place for people to attend the business in any places for fishery purposes ; and
that they give public notice thereof at least ten days before the time so agreed on in
order that persons may know of the time and place for them to have the privilege of
fishing at the proper seasons, and the said Directors or a major part of them present
at each public place of fisherj' shall be and are hereby clothed with full power to
order and direct in said fishery, that no injustice be done to any person in dividing
of the fish, each person shall receive in proportion to the woik and expence they
iiave done or been at in catching said fish from time to time in the judgment of said
Directors, and that the following persons be and are hereby appointed the Overseers
or Directors in said affair for the ensuing year: John Hall, J. P., Moses Shaw,
Abednego Ricketson, Andrew Hamilton, John Langley, Francis Lecain, Captain
Webber and John Dunn, and that no person shall or may presume to set up or make
weirs or draw any seines for the fish at the public places of Bear River and the
■Joggins, without the direction or consent of the Directors on penalty of the law."
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 207
It seems dirticult to believe that the two places here especially indicated
should have been the only ones yet discovered in the basin, yet such
seems to have Ijeen the fact. The only means to prove that herrings
were to be caught in any particular place seems to have been by building
weirs there, and as this was a work of considerable expense and great
labour, it is possible that the " bars " at .Goat Island and elsewhere had
not, up to that time, been thus tested.
Any sketch of the history of this township would be imperfect if it
omitted to notice what has lieen called the Shaw embrogli*}. In the
autumn of 1776, the year of the famous Declaration of American
Independence, a number of the rebels of Maine, in conjunction with
some disaffectetl inhabitants of the St. John River in New Brunswick,
made a hostile demonstration against the County of Cumberland, in this
province, which had hitherto remained faithful to the Mother Country,
and during this period, William Shaw, colonel in the militia, called out
a number of men under his command to perform garrison duty at
Annapolis, and at the old Scotch Fort, in Granville. It was afterwards
alleged that Shaw had drawn pay for these men but had neglected to
disburse it ; or, that the services for which the Government had granted
pay had not been performed as stated by him in his accounts. The
following cori'espondence and attidavits will enable the reader to
understand the matter more clearly :
" Siij, — Agreeahly to your Coninmntla signified to us in a Letter from Mr.
Secretaiy Bulkcly, wo liave examined upon oath the principal part of the people
employed l)y Col. Siiaw in mounting (iuard and doing other military duty during
the course of hist Winter. Copies of the several Depositions we iierewith enclose
by whioli it will appear that such duty has actually been performed ; that several of
them had l)een j)aid in part for their Services, and the Common people had received
the strongest assurance from Mr. Sliaw that he would use his endeavors to procure
for them from government Pay and Provisions during the time they had served. It
also appears that col. Siiaw had been at considerable expense in procuring for them
Fuel, Candles and other Necessaries, particidarly for the (lUard kept at the Scotch
Fort. We must furtiier beg leave to assure you from our personal knowledge, that
the Duty was punctually performed at the period set forth in the Depositions, and
we may venture to say (as far as can be judged from Circumstances) that the
preservation of the place is owing in a great measure to the spirited Exertions of the
few Inhabitants associated with colonel Shaw for that purpose.
" We shouUl have hail the honour of transmitting you these Depositions soimer,
but that the people were disposed about their fishery and other business, so that it
was not possible to collect them, and there are still more who have done duty and
whose Deposition may hereaftei- be taken if thought necessary.
" We are with great Respect, Sir,
" Your ipost obedient and most humble servants,
" (Signed), Joskph Winniktt.
Thomas Wim.i.vms.
" Annapolis Royal, July 2511), 1777."
20H
IIIHTOItV (»r ANNAI'OMS.
Willi lliJH l('( (,»•!• WHS Hciil, /I " Kct.iirn nl' inm riiiMi-d liy ('iiliiiii'l Mlmw,
of I. lilt Alitia|iiiliH iiiililiji tor iJii! ilittViirn of l.lin I'roviiicc, iliiiiii^ tJio
iiiviiHioii, liy llir (AiiK'i'iiHii) D-lii^lls ; lliat is In Hiiy, tVoiii Mio I'Jlli iliiy
of Nov., I77<i, Id l.lic iMlli day of I »••( r, following iiiiiliixi vi-," Tliis UnI.
iH liiTit ;{ivrii, l\\i: iiatiK-s liav'iii;r liciwi placfil in alplialioliral ordi-r. It.
will \>i: found of iiiliti'i'Hl, l,o (lie, aiilii|iiai'iiiii iradt'i'.
Alli'ii, Ji'ii'iiiiiili.
AlllllllH, .Illllll'H,
Ak'O'iI, •IiicI/iIi,
Ai'IimIi'iiii^, Kjrliiinl.
Alli'ii, AiiiliroNd,
Klll'IIHlil'lll, .luilll'H.
Iliilki'y, .liiliii.
lll'I'llHI.X, l'llill|l.
JtiTWnU, ( Jcui(<t'.
Itiiiiii>iiil,,l(<'iijiiiiiiii.
lintiiii'lt, 'riiiiiniiN.
Kiilli'i', l''.l<'ii/.)'i'.
ItHI'llltM, Sl'lll.
liciit-y, ■loNopli.
('Iiiircliill, LuiiiiMiJ.
(!iii'tiH, Williiiiii.
(/'lorkiM', Siiiiniiil.
( liimliy, KlxtiK^/.iir.
('I'imliy, iliiiiiilJiiiii.
(Jiill'rriii, VVilliiiiii.
^',iHl,^^\li, llxnry,
( 'oiliy, 'riiiiliiaM.
( 'lainiii<:i'N, ■liiliii.
Oli'iivitr, Mi^iijaiiiiii.
(Jliuiikliii', Kdwurd.
Diiilnxy, Sainiii<l.
DaviH, iIdIiii.
DiirkiM!, IMiiiitwiH.
Davy, 1101111.
l>Hi'lin).(, llfiiiiiiiiiii.
Dtiii'y, Momm.
KIIIh, l<iliiiii«/.itr.
Klili'ity, jtariialias.
Kl.wi-11, Nallianii'l.
Klli'iiwiHxl, Saiiiiicl.
I''iiili, Jiiliii.
(iiMlfrcy, I'liiirc.
(Jmvrii, I'lihiik.
(iiiwaii, I'aiil.
(iiilliHliiii, Sli'|ili<'ii.
(iillillan, iliiiiiiiM.
Illll'l ih, 'riKllllllH ( Adjt.).
Ililliiilinii, (JliHH, < ii'ci.
lliirriH, lldiiry.
lliMi|H'r, K/i^kii'l.
IlililiMi'il, Kira/.i'i'.
lliiliiiMiiii, Axa.
IliMHJiall, William.
llolllllW, l'llll'){.
II<I|HI\V, l)ii.vii|,
Hilton, AiiioH.
Kxllry, ,laiiii-H.
KillK. (i<M)l'i{<l.
Kdlliiy, VVilliaiii.
Lrniiii, FraiiciH.
IjI^wIh, ,llllllt-H.
l<*Mtaiii, 'riioiiiiiH.
Liimlry. •lol>».
1,1'raiii, Frniir.iH, mi-ii,
Mit(>i'aw, John.
MrKriiHio, liUw/MV (l<i<nil.
.VIoiriMoii, liiliii.
MorriMon, •lolin.
MoiriHiin, AlcxaiDldr.
.Mor^iin, 4ii;or^ii.
Morgan, •loliii,
.VIoriiif{, TlioiiiaM.
I'it until, iloHltpll.
I'liiiill, Kilwitrd.
l'r<IV<!IH'(!, ilollll,
I'liirkliiiiii, Kd vviinl.
I'i'iil, jlavid.
KiC'llJlldHIIM, illlllll.
KollillM, •lailll'M.
KoliiiiHiin, .lalii'/.
Koiirli, John.
Kil.hi.', John.V'
Kiiy, <liiiiii'H.
IIiiMl , NathiiiiH-l.
Sliaw, VVdIiiiiii (( 'i>\.).
Shoiicll, Ill-Ill y.
Skulton, .loliii.
.Sliiiii'l, JoMi'|ih.
Slayiiiiui, l''|iliriiiiii.
Saiiddi'H, John Hill.
S.oK,, David.
HaiidtH'H, .loMd|ih.
.Shaliii-i', Aditiii.
Mliii'k, .lohn.
Tiirfniy, .loHhiia V.
'rhoiiipHOli, (idolf^C.
Trohiiy, 'I'Iioiiiiih.
Utiiiy, Nathan.
Vooiicy, .laintiH.
WilliuiiiK, 'rhoiiiiiH.
WinnicU, Mallhiiw (Miijoi).
Wol'l.llIT, (ilMir^ll.
Woil hdi-, Mi.haol.
Worl.hrr, (idor^it, jiiii.
Worthy lako, KhiUKiMir.
WilhaiiiH, (!ii-Har.
Waliiuiii, .liiHpiM'.
/))i)(lil(ir, Ki'dddi'ii'
X-
/'•;'
'rim d)t[ioNi(.ioriH loforntd to in tint for«i;{oiri^ littUtr wttni |iartly made
Ixtfoi'ft •luHopli I'attiin and •ioliri Wadt;, and partly iHtfoti; Winni«)tt an<l
HIHroKV o|. ANNAI'OMS. "JOJJ
VVilliiiiiiH. 'I'liimt' <it' .liiincs lltii'iiMficlil, llitii'v Slianki-I, Ailiiiii Srli/ifimr,
ArrliilMild iMorrisoii, (iriir^r \ViM*sl.<'r, .loliri SliiikH, •Iiiiiicm l.t^wis iinil
Williiiiii I Ii'iihIiiiw wrrr iiiadt' lirl'iirr I. lit- t'lMliii'l', iiikI IIkihi- of •liiciili
WiwiMtrr, <Jcui|^r Scliiil'ni'r-, •liiliii Wliil.i', Micliiii-I WimihIci', ( 'liiiihis
I liiiiiiiioiiil ami .Inliii S|<cl(.<iii — ridl. one. of wlioin wrol.i' his iiaiiii- wt-rr
iiiailr lifl'oir (In- lallcr. 'I'Iii'mi- (li'|i<mil.i(iiiH liorc ilali- .Inly TtlJi, 1777.
< )ri (Jif J.'lrd of IJk* Haiiii- iiioritli Majnr VViniiirll jiimI <«i-)ii'^'r 'riiiiiM|iMiiii
iiiailr IIk^ l'i>i|iiwiii;{ alliiliivil.M, wliicli Hcrin to liavr liccii iiid'tiilfd In
I'flii'vc ( .'oliini'l Sliaw of one of tlir cIimi'^iim inaili^ a^'aiiiHl liiin, nainrly,
llial. Iiit liail si-iil< in a faJMc arroiinl. to iJir ( JovrriiiiK'iil. in wliicli rliar^ns
w<ir<i made for Mrrvicch iif\<T rcndiTcd ;
" Aliii/i|ii>llM SS, Miilllii'W Wiiinicll. uml (icor;/,'' 'riii)iii|»Miiri Im-iiij.; iliily hwihii,
IrHlifv mill Hikv Hint ii|Miii I III' lii'Mt aim Ml nl ('iiiiilii'ilmiil liriii)^ Iiiv«hIi'iI liy llin
Ki'Iii'IIh, mill I'lil, I'liliri' lir^^lrrl 111^ In riill Mii' ('iiiilily MllillH liij^fl lire, a .M)'rliii){ lit
till* liiliiiliJIiiiilH iif lliJH 'I'liwii wiiH iiiittiiiiliatxiy I'll 'il, wliiiii It wiiH iinmiiiiiiiiiHly
imii'i>i\ lliiil it wall iii'i'fMHiii V III Ui'i'i* a I'li^iiliii' mill rniiHtant liiiiinl fur I lii< ili'fi-iii:ii,
whii'li WIIH iiiiiiii'iliatrly rariji'il iiilu I'llnrl , iiii<l iiiiil iiiiiril witliiiiil iiiti'riiiiHHJiiii I III
t III- arrival of IiIh MajrHl.y'H Sliiiip of war Viilhnr aliniit ( 'liriMhiiiiK. Ami iih an
i^iiroiirii^iiliiitiil iif I III- i:iiiiiiiiiin l'itii|ili< III |H*rMi-vi>rii in llinir iiiiiliMlakiiiK, ('nl' Shaw
Itiailr llii'iM r<-|M'iiti'il |iriiiiiiHitH that hr wiiiilil iihi< Iiih iiilliiKtiri' to iilit.aiii liii' IIdhii I'ay
mill I'iiivIhIiiiih illirili)^' t lir t.lliir lliry W'l'ii' I'liililnyi'il i||miIi Htiiil MiM'vicrH. 'I'liat mi or
iiliiiiil till* l.'ltli Mai I'll, lirili)4 almiiii'il with tlii' in rival of mi iiriiinl forii' iii I hi' KiiHiii
with mi inlrlil. Iiiiillin'k t lir Tnwii, Wi' wi'ir MKnili rallril ii|iiiii liiilii Military iMll.y,
whii'li waH from I hat linii' riiiil.iiiiiiil fur alioiit tliri^i' wri'kH, miil that iliiiiii^ tJin
limr Ihr hiilii'M wmr |)i'rfiiiiiii'il IIii'mi* ilr|iiimiiit h, tiij;irthrr with I'ol. Shaw ami Mr.
VVillimiiH, liaviii^; in rotiilioti hml t.lir (Jmi'of tin- (iiianlH art' kiiiiwiii;{ to tlirir having
lii'i'ii fiiriiiHhi'il with I'roviMiiiiiH, l<'iri'iii^ ami ('aiiilli'H.
" (.Si)<nril), Mati'iiiiw \V i s n iI';i"I', Majin-.
(iKiilu;!; 'j'noMi'SON.
" Aiiiia|iiiliH, .Inly -Ilril, 1777."
AnolJii'i' allidavil was iiiadi- liy llif adjiifaiil i-iii|tioyi'd, ajid iion roiii
iiiiHHioiHtd ollirrrM iiiidi-r liini as follows:
" 'riioimiN llarriH lirin){ iliily sworn, ili^rlarrH that il|ion l.lm lirst aiiiriii of (/iinilicr'
laiiil lining iiivi'Mtril hy I Im Hrlii'lls, wliiili In I In* lirsl, of his ri'iimtiilirani r was on or
Mliiint. thii I'illi ilay of Novriiihiir, a niitiHing wits ralloil of l.lir inhiiliiliinlM of lhi<
town of Aiiiiii|iiilis, wlii'ii il WIIH agri'itil tliiit a iniiHlmit, <iiim'i| or W'lilih hIiuiiIiI lir
kiipl for till! Ki'fi'nrr of t hr |ilari' wliiih WIIH a(iiiriliii;^ly riinliiiiiril till tin* arrival of
his Miajosty's Hhi|i Vnllini. TIimI ii|ioii t hi' ni'ihihI alarm of mi ai iiii'il fnnn liiiinj^ in
tin* Kasiii iin or alioiit I In* niiililli> of Mar(*li, Ihr [>i'|ioMrnt was ii^'ain iiillril w|iiiii to
ill) Duty, whii:h was i'iintiiiin*il at that I inn' a furl iii|.'lit ui' lliri'i' wn-ks.
" (f>iK"""')> 'I'lluMAS IJAItUlM, Al/Jllllllll."
" |i'i'mii*is (.ri'ain riiiiliiimi mi oiitii Ihr |iii'i'i'ilinf; I trpoHit ion of ThmiiiiH llairiK in
I'vrry |iiirlii:iiliir.
"(Signi'll), KllANCIH l,l,l \IN,"
I'i
210 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
" Philip Beitiiux, lit'iiig duly hwoim, <leclaic« that Military Duty had Ihicii done
find Guurdfi kept a» in altovc set fmlh in the DcpoHitioii of Thoinas MarriH.
"(^*iK"ud). I'liiMi- Mkktaix."
" The forcgiiiiig T)c|M>8itiiinH were taken iiefure ub.
"('Signed), Joseph VVinmktt.
Thomas Williams.''
The.se atKdavits .settled one of the charges made against Colonel Shaw
in his favour beyond dispute. On the other he was unable to make so
triumphant a reply, for a oonnnittee of the House of A.s.scfmbly, to whom
the matter was finally referred, rcptjrted that lie had been overpaid by
the G<»vernment in a small sum which he was ordered to refund. It
may be fairly assumed that Joseph Patten, who appeals to have been
tli(! demagogue of the time, was the instigator and promoter of these
charges against Shaw, for, in a note to Colonel Fiovett, dated July, 1777,
he says : " 'Tis to be observ(;d that upon the examination of the above-
named persons that they almost all of them declared that they did not
know that Colonel Shaw had received any pay for any services that they
had done for the Government." Shaw was ont; of the members for the
county at this period and the succe.ssor of Patttin, and it is probable that
the former had excited the rancour of the latter by his political action.
Shaw was afterwards SheriH' of the County of Halifax, the Jir.st sherifl"
of that county.
Samuel Harris kept the Annapolis Ferry in 1777-71^. He was a
-settler in Cranville, and owner! the lands on which the village of
Granville Ferry now stands.
The following letter to the Provincial Treasurer will explain itself:
" AsNAi'OLis Royal, ManOi '20tli, 1778.
" Sir, — Agreeahle to an order from the Lieutenant-Governor of the 8tli January
last, wo herewith enclo.se you an account of all tlie moneys received and ex])eiided by
u» in making and repairing the roads and bridges within this county, also a list of
non-resident and delini{ucnt proprietors.
"(Signed). .losKrii Win.vikit.
Phinkas Lovktt.
Christophkr Prini'e.
Henry Evans.
Thomas Williams."
Of these Prince was the only one residing in Granville.
Among the names of the non-resident proprietors appears that of
Marmoduke Lamont, who was " Clerk of the Cheque " at Annapolis in
1759-60. In the draft of a grant of the township of Granville extant in
the archives of the Province, and which was prepared by order of
Governor Wilmot, is this clause, " and unto Marmaduke Lamont two
HISTOItY OF ANNAI'OMS. 211
sliai'e.s," whicli would hiiv«> l)0(>n one tlutUMiind iici'on. Mr. Luiiiotit was
tlio fifHt roj^istnir of deeds for the county after the advent of the New
Kn^laiid settlers in 1700. The hook of registry kept hy liiin is still
pre.served, and may he found in the office of the Hej^istrar at Bridgetown.
He was succeeded in that olHce by Jose])h Winniett, on his retirement,
wliich was caused by his removal to Jamaica or other of tlie West India
Islands, from which he nevei- returned.
Benjamin Runisey, the progenitor of all the Kuniseys of the Frovitice,
was a grantee of one thousand acres of land in (Jranville. He was also
a "Clerk of the Che(|ue," and for many years an inhabitant of Annapolis.
His descendants reside in various sections of the county, but chietly in
Granville and Wilmot, and one of them has been a pi'ominent merchant
in the city of Halifax. They have always maintained a respectable
j)osition in the county.
We have now reached the period when the township received an
impul.se in the expansion of its population and the development of its
resources unknown to its previous history. The llevolutiomiry War in
America, which had deluged the older colonies with blood, had been
crowned with success to the revolutionary malcontents, and thousands of
persons were exiled from the homes of their childhood ajid the land of
their birth. The old Hag, under whose folds they had been born, and
whose glorious traditions they still honoured and loved, and for who.se
supremacy they had fought and ble<l, though unsuccessfully, still floated
over the old Acadian colony, and (Jranville, like her sister townships,
opened her arms and offered a cheering welcome to such of them as
might seek new homes within her boundaries.
Among the moat notable of the new-comers who located themselves in
this section of the county, the names of St. Croix, Gesner,* Ruggles,*
Willett, Bogart, Mills, Seabury,* Millidge,* Thome,* James,* Quereau,
Mussels, Delap and Robblee, may be given. A few of them, Millidge,
James, Ruggles, Thorne and Gesner, had received more or less scholastic
training, and .soon made their influence beneficially felt in the neighbour-
hoods in which they dwelt. Society was improved by their contact with
it. Churches and schools were soon called for and became the order of
the day. It is true that the first decade of their .settlement was marked
by considerable privation ; but all the obstacles in the way of the attain-
ment of substantial plenty were finally removed or overcome, and the
voice of complaint became an unusual sound, and seldom afterwards
flisturbed the grateful content of a happy people.
Valuable accessions to the population were made about this period in
the persons of the Baths, Clarkes, Longmires, Olivers and Gilliatts
from the north of England, and of the McCormicks and McDormands
* See memoirs of these gentlemen.
212 MIHTOKY OK ANXAI'OLIS,
und iithei'H from tht* north of Irt'laiid. Tht- tleHtcndantH of tlii>s<« pt'ople
have liecoine very iiuiiientUH, and continue l)y their thrift and iiuhistry to
add to the prosperity of tlie townsliip.
A general »'l«!ction took plaee in IVS"), heinj^ the tirwt sinct^ tlie
FiOyalists' arrival, and one of them, Ilc'iijaiuin James, was Itrouj^lit
forward as a eantlidate for the representation of (Iranville, and was
duly elected. He continued to discharj,'e iiis le;;islative duties until
I7!*2. H«^ seeniH to have l)een possesse<l of eonsideralile education, and
to have been tMidowed with a sound judgmt^nt and many amiable personal
(|ualities. He owned and resided upon the farm in central (jranville,
until recently known as the (Mebe. He sold this farm to the church
wardens of the parish in 17!)1), and removed to Annapolis.
In 1784 Alexander Howe applied to the (Jovernment for a grant of
land, as appears from the Surveyor-tJeneral's letter addressed to Amos
Botsford, one of his duputies for the county, and flated l)ecend)er 10th
in that year, in which he says :
" I bog li'iive to rcconiiiu'nd Civptain Howe, thi' iH-arer, whcme father Umt liis life
in taking poHaeHHion of the country in 1749 or MM, l)y tlie Indians. He wanti* Honie
lands. There are only two lots vacant in Wilinot -nuniberK thirteen and fonrteeii,
on the west side of Brown's.'"*
Mr. Morris shortly after wrote to Mr. Howe himself, in the following
terms :
" I had the honour to receive your favour of the 19th ultimo, ever since wliieli
I have been very ill and confined with the gout. Your sister, Mrs. Cottnani, seems
very desirous of iiaving her thousaiul acres by herself in this part of the Province.
Captain Cottnam had formerly two lots on the Winilsor load ; they wore by him
mortgaged to a gontleuuiu in Kngland, Itut never any im|>rovemeiit8 were nuido by
the mortgagee, and the land has lH.>come liable to forfeiture. If she can obtain this
it is the best I can do for iiei', and if you can like the laud on the intended new road
I can uuike separate Returns of the Wai'rant, w, if necessary, obtain separate
warrants. As soon as you can procure a survey of .\h'. Harris, or any other of my
deputies, of the land you want, with the proper motes and bounds thereon delineated,
and send me, I will do everything in my power to forward the grant."
On the 22nd December, 1787, Mr. Morris again wrote to Mr. Howe
and stated that he
*' was going on with the grant to him and Captain Katherns for two thousand acres
on the rear of Major Farrington's and Mr. .Johnstone's lanils in the south-east of tiic
county."
Of Katherns, he adds :
"He does not come under the description of a Loyalist or reduced officer .serving
in the late war, and therefore his grant was a vote of Council, and in all those cases
fees are paid in all the offices, which, for one thousand acres in one grant, is thirteen
poumls, ten shillings, or thereabouts."
* A block of land there is still called " Howe's grant."
IIISTOKY OK ANNAPOLIS. 218
The l)l()ck uf liiiiil ;,'nuitc(l to Howe iit this tiiiio is still known as tlic
*' Howe gi-ant," and is situated a short distance to the eastward of the
^racj{ie>,'or settlement.
Howe was a native of the county and foi' .several years a resident in
iJranville, wliere he owned wliat was known at a later tiims as the Ue.sner
|)ro|M'rty. He ajjpears to have heen a very useful and capable as well
a8 [)0pular man, an<l may l)e rej;farded as the leader of the pre-loyalist
inhabitants, and the (;hanipion of their interests in the contests and
rivalries which sometimes arose between them and their Loyalist brethren.
The first mail-courier of whom any mention is made was a resident in
their township, James Tattersall by name, whom I take to have been a
Loyalist, as his name does not appear anionj; the earliest settlers. In a
memorial to the E.\ecutive he asks for compensation for losses sustained,
and aid to enable him to perform the duty in the future. This was in
1784, and the mail was then carried once in a fortnij,'ht from Annapolis
to Halifax and vice versa. In May, 1785, Rolwrt Youn^, of (Jranville,
applic<l for the "jrant of a water lot in front of the ./'/•*•// for the purpose
of building a dock at that place. To this end he asked for a frontaye of
412 feet — a quantity thought to be too great by the Hurveyor-CJeneral,*
who referred the matter to Messieurs Winniett and Williams, of
Annapolis, for their opinion. It does not appear whether his application
met with success or not, but it is certain no dock was ever constructed
there.
In 1792 Alexander Howe, who was then one of the county members,
was employed by the Government to superintend the removal of the
negroes — or such of them as were willing to go — from this part of the
Province to Sierra Leone. The following letter, addres.sed by him to the
Provincial Secretary, the Hon. Richard Bulkelej', and dated from
Granville, February Dth, 1792, is of sufficient interest to warrant its
transcription in full :
" Dkar Siu, — I am honoured with your favour of the 4th inst. I am utterly at
a los.s wliut to charge for my trouhle ami expense with respect to tlie removal of the
blacks. I apprehend tlint from my appointment, which wii.s on the third day of
October to the twenty-tiiird day of December, 17SM, I drew the last bills on your
Honour (or rather the lifteenth day of January, 1792, when the blacks sailed from
Halifax, if your Honour can extend that favour to me). I was a servant of the
Govornment on the occasion, and [as] it wus only a short time, a temporary and not
a permanent appointment, I ought to be allowed a lilieral stipend per day till the
• While referring to the correspondence of the Surveyor-Oeneral, Mr. Morris, I
wish to transcribe the postscript in a letter of his, addressed to Thomas Millidge,
one of his deputies, and dated in 1784, as it relates to a matter of some importance
to land surveyors in the county. "The eastern boundary line of Granville runs
north thirty-two degrees and thirty minutes west to the bay, so that there will be
an angle of land which is not granted. "' The western line of Wilmot runs north 10°
west, so that a triangular block with its apex at the river belongs to neither township.
214 MISTOKV OK ANSAI'OI.IS.
ItUMitifHH wiiH coiicIiiiIimI. | wiih iim iiiiii'h (letiD'hcil fn)ni my furni IxiMiiicNH iirnl
('(iiR'criiM iiH if I liiiil iii>\w til lliilifiix. I tnittlc mcvitiiI tri|m to l)if<liy, ami rini; at tlie
rUk of my lift'. AilvfitiHt'incntM Mere put up on t\w iKIi OiIoIht, iiutl tlut MitckH
W('r<> i'(>it<ly to iMuut me aci'orditiKly wlu'U Mr. (Jlitrk iirrivcil, wliirli wiih on l\w 'Jtitli
Oi-toltiM', Till' ilitliriiltii-H ami troiilih- iiiiiNt, your lloiinui' will reailily p<'rrri\i>,
hiivf lii'cii giiMtiT liiTc lliaii iiiiywiu'ii' i'Imc, It wikN iniiti- a mivi'l atl'iiir in thin part
ami totally ^o to inc. I Hont to Halifax nearly, if not entirely, nnotliinl of llir
wlioli- tiiiiiilicr Hour to Sierra I m- ; tlioHr tliat eami* from liail t > Ik; lainlcil
anil ri'Hiiippvil.
" I am iiHHiii'i-il that I I'oiilil not liave hail aiiytliiii).'<|iin<- hen- or proviilcil I'hi'apcr
than I iliil tluH .Mr. Clarke knoWH. I Kinrrri'ly hope your Honour iM HatiHlieil with
my I'oiiiliK^t in tlii8 liUHiiicHh. .SlioiiM anything r<'i|uiri' a perHonal explanation on my
part, I nhall lie reaily ti< wait on your Honour at Halifax. You may he aHHiireil that
however iiiiii'li I Htaiiil in iieeil of eaxli, 1 hail rather have your approhation than
any {leeuniary reward that mi({lit lie alloweil me. I have moilu out an uueoiint anil
I'har^uil twenty Hliilliii){H a day from the date of my ('iimmiHHion to the twenty-third
of Deeuiiilier (and have alxo ehai'^ed in another liill) to the thirteenth of ,lauuary for
thin reiiHon, that if your Honour can extend to the departure of the lilacki* from
Halifax, it will he mo mueh in my favour; liut that and the Hum to he allowed I
entirely Hulimit to your opinion, with wliieh I nliall he satisfied and content.
"I wan never more put to it for money than at thin time. My .lamaiea
Attorneyn have ipiite forgot mo Hiiiee I left there. I munt hvg leave to join my
thanks with thiwu of a diHtresHud family foe your kind attention to Cottnai i Timge
on the death of hin father.
" (Signed), Alexandek Howk."
The negfoos referi'ed to in tliis letter had settled in considerable
numbers in Oigby, Clements and (iranville, hut especially in the former
place. Durin<( the Revolutionary War a coloured corps was formed by
the Royalists in or near New York for service ajjainst the rebels. Tt
was known as the " Nej{ro, or Black Pioneers." At tlie peace these
pioneers accompanied the Loyalists of other disbanded corps in their
migration to this country, and lands were granted to them in the town-
ship of Digby, where the descendants of those of them who did not accept
a free piussage to Africa, are still to V)e found. In 1794 the Rev.
ArchiV)ald P. Tnglis was rector of the parish.
The autumn of this year (November 25th, 1792) witnessed a general
election in which Mr. Howe proved to be the successful candidate for
Granville. He was chosen in the place of Mr. James, who had repre-
sented it from 1785, and he continued to be the sitting member until the
dissolution (by lapse fif time) of the Assembly in 1799, at which period
his legislative life came to a close. He shortly afterwards removed to
Halifax, when^ he died in 1814, leaving a widow (Susanna Green) who
lived to a very great age, surviving him for more than thirty years.
None of their descendants are now in the country.
Howe was a very active and useful member of the Legislature. It was
he, while a representative of the county, who moved the first resolution
IIISTOIIY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 21ft
ill till- AHNiMiilily ^l>^llr(lihK tin* ()|Huiiiif{ of tim iron iiiiiieN in thn Province,
liavinKon tlin l7tliof Novoiiilior, i7W7, oallcil for a coiiiiiiitU'f "(oroport
u|ioii t\ui Ix'st iiiraiis to promoti- tlu' iiiiuiufactui)' of iron,'' oxi'i'llrnt ori'H
of tliat niiital liaviii"; Imm-ii (li.sfovi'nMJ. VVliiii' icpifHt'iitiiiK (iianvillc in
1794, h»^ was clirmcn oni^ of the comiiiittw) to proparn tlip address of tin*
Iloiiso in lionour of tim arrival of His lloyal llighni'ss the I)uk« of Ki-nt
ill Halifax. Ilr suwi'i'dcd iloscph Wiiiiiit'tt as Colit'ctor of Cnstoiiis and
Kxoise for tlit« Kitstcrn Di.strii-tin 178'J, and held tlio otHw until the .'tUtli
of Hiiptt'inlKfr, 1797, wIiimi Iio was suceofdcd liy llolwrt Dickson. Faithful
to his instincts as a pri'-loyaiist lie sturdily dt'tVndpd Mri'iiton and
Deschaiiips a;{aitit the assaults of his Loyalist coiU-aj^ues, Millid^c imd
Itarulay ; and in hisdefcncuof tliost! judges hi> iiianifestcd as much aliilitv
as ho did wainith.
MtM'o would Ir' the proper place to insert the return of the assessors for
(Jranvilh^ under the ('apitation Tax Act, hut I rej^ret to say they ha\e
not lieeii preserved. Indeed, I am inclined to believe that considerahle
nejjiigence marked the discharge of the duties of the ofHcers appointed to
carry out the provisions of this Act, and it is more than probable that the
assessors did not forward a copy of the as.sessment made by them to the
Provincial Treasurer as recpiired by the law. This is the more to Ih'
regretted as we are thus deprived of an admirable means by which to
estimate the growth of the population between 1770 and 1792-95, and to
fix within known limits the advent of many families to the township
from other districts of the county or from abroad.
At the general election of 1799, which took place on the 25th of
Novemlier, the electors of the township chose Edward Thorne,* a New
York Loyalist, to represent them in the new As.sembly. It was al>out
this period that roads to the Hay of Fundy began to be felt necessary.
In the original survey of the township the lots were miuJe to extend from
the river and basin to the shores of that bay, and roads had been planned
at intervals, on the lines of certain lots. Grants of the public moneys
were now fre(juently made to aid the eftbrts of the settlers in the con-
struction of these roads. Those to Parker's Cove, to Young's Cove, to
Chute's Cove, to Delap's Cove, to Phinney s Cove and others were rapidly
opened, and settlements formed on the northern slope of the mountain.
The reader will note that the names of these coves were those of the
vjvvners of the lots whose homes were by the river side. The same
names were applied to those sections of the mountain over which these
roads pas.sed — hence Phinney's, Young's, Parker's, Chute's, and Delaji's
mountains, names which are commonly used to designate them to this
day. The northern shores of the township became slowly dotted with the
cottages of the farmer aiui the fisherman, especially in the neighbourhood
* See this geiitleinan's memoir.
216 IllSlOltV Ol' /«N\AI'01,|S.
rif l.liM i;(>v<m, luiil roiidH wcri' siioii iifliTwui'ds iniulo fi-oin cove Ici tiovi-
uloti^ lUi' hIidi'ch, I.Iius iiniiriliii;{ iVcsli t'acilil.icH fur new hcI IJimiiciiIs.
( )n l.lif iHtJi (if 'Inly. I HOC), H ^I'.ici'iil cli'cUoii was ii^aiii llir oriliM' of
till! iliiy. < In this oiM'iiHioii 'riiiiiiiuH Milli<l;{r, svlio liuil fot'iiMirly ri'iiri'si'iilcd
till* l,iivvnHlii|i of l>iK''y, iiimI in lliir lal.o lloiiNr {,\u' roiinry, liiM-ain)^ a
candidate for- I lie lownMliip, liiit lii< was not |iiinnitt<'<l to walk I lie coiiiMr,
Isaiah Sliaw, of Lowri- (iianvilh-, then, I lit'licvc, the h-aditi^ Mifirliant
of that district,, ollt-rcd himself as a candidate for t.he siillVa^es of
iJie electors in opjiosil ion. lie was of a pre loyidist. family, posseHHod
consideralile popularity, and was enilowed witJi no mean share of mental
and t.alkin^ altilily. The contest, which ensued illiist, rates the s|>iril, of
rivalr'y wlii(;li animated the old and new setXler^ in matlrcr's polit.ieal.
I do not, mean l/O say that tJiese parlies acted t.o;,(eth<-r as a unit', for that
would have lieen impossilile as local and personal irdlnenc<;s would
necessarily prevent such act.ion ; Itut. tJie majorit.y in eacth pii'i'ly warndy
supported t.hosi- of il;s own seirtion who were lirou^ht forward as
candidati!s for puhlic oDlce or favour, and hence tjie election of
representat iv(;s Itecame, in a ctonsideral'le deforce, a <?ont.esl, liet.we )n
the Loyalist, and i're loyalist, se(tt,ions of the r'onununiiy. in this case
the (rhances seem to have heeii clearly in favour of Millid^re. lie had
heen a mendxM' of the Asseinhly for twenty years, and therefore had l,hn
pr(!st.i>{e (»f experieiKH*. lie was riistoH rdlii.lnniin of t.he (-ount.y, a J usl,i(re
in l,he (,'ourt of ('onnnon Pleas; possessed of itonsiderahle wealt.h, and
hold in gnnenil (tsteem Ity /ill classes of t,he people. It was tlieritfore no
onlinary opponent, with whom Mr. Shaw had chosen to (Mtntend. In ono
t,hin;{ the latt,er had a decided advant,a^re over the former he had youth
and vigour' on his side, no mean allies in such a ll^rlii,, ,\1r, Shaw made
an exhaustive canvass jirevious to the polling, which octcupied three d.'iys,
and to t,he astonishment, of his adversary at the (tlo.so of the poll, .Mr.
Shaw was decdai'cd duly el(!ct,ed hy a suuill majorit.y. M illid).re di^manded
a scrutiny of voti-s Itefore ''• shei-itl", who. with the aid <if t,wo assisliints,
•lohn Itath and Isaac Woitdhiiry, entered int,o the inv(^sti;{ation dtisired,
whi<:h resulted in an increas(td majorit.y for Shaw, whose ri^turn waH
conlirmiid.
The new Mouse met on the IKth of Novemher, and ,Millid;^e petition<;d
a|rainst the return. In his memorial lii^ ri.sKertcd t.hat the sheriil',
Winnietl,, had used his inllucnce a;.(ainst him, and had unduly favoiirt-d
his ant.a^^onist, ; that l<'ost,er Woodhury, a r'esident of VV'ilmot, had acted
as insp(!ctor for Shaw ; l,liat -lamcts Tat,l,ersall, "a w(!ll known fi'eeh(»lder,"
would not sweai' that his deed had heen on r<M;ord a.s lon^ as the law
re(|uire.d ; that, Ferdinand Schafner, another freehohler, was not al!ow(Mi
time to as(!ertain if his dited liad l>ei!n recor<led, while that indul){en<Mt
had heen granted i,o<iideon Witt, Sylvan us VVadcf, ISenjamin VVlieolock,
IIISTOIIV (tl' ANNAI'OI.IS
117
Liikf Uydcr ;iiiil •Iiih<'|iIi A iil/liiiity, sni., who Imd vul,i'il a;^iiiiisl. Iiiiii ; l.lint
VVilliiun Kitrr, Uiii ncIiodI mi/isI.im', wiih not, hIIdwimI I,i> volf for liini, llioii^li
Id- liiiii a lifii fsl.iil.n in liiridH .siin'i- I 7H(), and wliirli rtMil.rd for iiiori! t.lian
foi-ly hliillin^^H a year ; and l.lial. \>\ HJinilar Mliarji inactirc, Saniiirl
WillrM,, Altraliain (IrHnci', and liix own H')n, l'ljini<aK Millid^'f, had lost,
Ihnii voUm. Afl.itr a full invcMl. ligation l»y a (■onunil.lfc of lint Anm-iiihly,
Mr. Shaw waH durlariMJ l,o have lictn <iuly dcftlcd, and so lln( rni-lti-r-
cndcil. Mis lirsl. Icj^islal.ivc arl, was a ri'soliiliori Ut '^viinl tr)0() loward
l.hc ('riM^ljon of It li;(hl,housn on Kriar island. 'I'Imh oi;<MU'nid on l.lii^ .'tOlli
of I >i'i'iMnlH'r, I KOf). In IHOS lie was insl.runicnl.al in oltlainin;^ a furt.ln^r
Htini of .£200 foi- l.hi' ooniphrlion and •!i|iii|iin<-nl. of thai very iisi-ful
st.riicl,.ir(i. In (,lin sanii! year he inlrodiic'd and cai-rird through l.ln'
llousi' a " ItiJI l.o l*i(!V(inl. I.lm killing; of Soals and I'orpoi.sfs in tin-
Annapolis UiiHiii," il. Inin;^ conn.soi.ly hclii-vcd llial such act.s wcic
injurioiiH l.o l.hc liHlicrii-H (tarried on llicrc.
'I'lii- niind>n° of aiM'its of land cN-arfd in (iranvillc iindi-r t.hn " Ixiiinl.y
A(H. " was li^sH l.han in any otliitr l,ownHhi|i in tliti cxinly. Itrlow iH ^ivon
tlir rtM.nrn niadtt l.o <iov«M'nni<;nt. in |H()7, wlii(;li was ac(Miin|>ani<Ml l>y a
(M-rlilical,!- si|{n<'d l»y 'riioriias lVlillid;(r, (,'uhI.os, and ICI«!nf/«'r (JiiMor,
< Hcrk of III*' J'l-acf.
'riniMiiiM .Mii!iil){<i ■*{ III!
.IllllH'M < 'llllt.tt 10
Ki'lijaiiiln Oliiit.r 11
.liilni KiitliiiriiH ',l;l
.li(Mr|ili 'rr(Mi|) 7A
KoJMUl. .VlilJH 7
llimry Hiitkiil.MKii r>|
(i<M>rn(i Hriiwii 'ij
iliiliii I'lriiWM .'1;/
.laroli I'latoli 'i,|
Itiiiijiirniii KimiHity 't,|
!ti!ii|iiiiini Kimtiti 4^ ituriiM.
•loHr|)ii Kiillciws H\ II
Kiinjainiii WliiMtlni^k '2| n
itiilili ( Jf/tvim "JJ II
.l..lm Hall :»
Kiircl'il Hiliafniir 4 >•
||)/,ru l''()Hl,(ir ',\\ II
Williaiii YoiniK 21 m
Tlioiiias I'liiiiMiw 'U II
Total lt:t ai ri'H.
1 1 may \>i'. nol.^d l.hal. idl l.hc nanx-s in the alxnr siTlu'didf, cxn-pl.
I.hostt of Millid^o, Kalihcrns and MIIIh, Ititloiij^ l.o I. Ik; old .st^l t.liM's. 'riKtrc
wiT<^ only livi- .Insl.iros of till! I'inumi in (<ranvilli> al. Ihis l.inii!, including
the ( IiihI.os, nainitly, Saniin^l (Mn^Hh^y, Mo.sus Shaw, Iti-njainin |)imI)^(; and
I'M ward 'I'horni', of whom I ho lasl na'iHMl only was a lioyaliHt,.
In •liiniiary, IHIO, .lolin llnaly SilaH liardy and •laintm Hi-id, of
< iranvillc, yoomori, and (Jharily ('oriiwull, widow, ptititiom-d Sir (Joorxi^
l'ri;vosl,, l,li(<n liiiMidtinanl. (lovri'iioi', ronrrrnin^ l,ho hor'rin;^ i'lHhiM'y al
(»iial< Island, or prt'hapM, more <;(irr(><;My Hjinakin;^, ronoi-rnin^ (.lift " l)ar,"
whirh forrriH t<lm ttaHl.orii cxl.ritiniliy of that iHland. ThoHc pitrsons inform
llin Kx)M«lliini;y t.hal/ Uxiy havi^ for Homo l.iimi pasli "ocrupicd l.ho said Ixir,
and iia<l divided tJie profilH ariHin^ from its use as a fishery. " It; appears
218 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
that Mr. Healy had applied for a grant of it some years previously to
Sir John Wentworth, but had failed to obtain it "from some motives
governing Sir John not particularly known " to him, but which he
telieves arose from a claim of one Mrs. Morrison, then a part owner of
Goat Island.
Mr. Healy then sets forth for himself that he
" is intornieil that misrepresentations have been made to your Excellency tending
t() injure your petitioners hy rendering his present application ineffectual, if possible,
by inclining your Kxcellency to believe him the possessor of large fisheries; that
your petitioner, so far from endeavouring to engi-oss advantages the equal rights
of others, does not possess or occupy a foot of flats or fishery indepenilent of the bar
above mentioned, and that he does not enjoy it at the exclusion of others, but has
permitted and would, in the event of his obtaining a Grant, allow the above-
mentioned persons, your petitioners, to associate with him in the advantages
derivable from it."
Mr. Hardy tells His Excellency that he
"is married and has three children — all boys; that he has resided in Granville
for many years ; that he was born in the County of Annapolis, where he has always
remained ; that he has no fishery at all except by permission of Mr. Healy ; that he
contributed one-fourth pa.'t towards the erection of a weir on the before-mentioned
bar, and received a proportionate benefit, and that he has never received any
benefaction from Government of lands or otherwise."
James Reid says of himself that he
"is lately married, and has resi<Ied in Granville some years; that he has likr ivise
been allowed to receive a part of the profits of the weir ; that he owns no fishery,
and never had any grant from (government."
Mrs. Cornwell sets forth that she
' ' is the widow of the late George Cornwell, who during the Revolutionary War
in the neighbouring colonies, suffered greatly in his person and property, and finally
was compelled for his loyalty to his sovereign to become an alien to his native soil,
and seek refuge in this province, where he remained until his death, which took
place about three years since ; that her said husband left her by his will considerable
property for her natural life, but to which no fishery was attached ; that she has
conti'ibuted towards the erection and support of the weir mentioned above, and been
allowed by Mr. Healy to take from it a share of the profits corresponding to such in
building ; and that lier said husband never received any grant of lands from Govern-
ment or any recompense for his losses sustained during tlie war with the revolte<l
colonies,"
"Your petitioners beg leave further to state to your Kxcellency that the bar or
flat above alluded to t'emained ever unoccupied until about five years ago, when
John Healy proposed and did at an enormous expense build a weir upon the same,
it being deemed by every other person a speculation too hazardous to attempt. Its
success, however, excited attention, and those who were averse to the risk would
now grasp the profit of it ; and it is with reluctance your petitioner-t state that the
persons now applying to your Excellency for a share in the above fishery with your
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 21f>
petiliunei'B, already possess the most extensive tisliery beaoli on the shores of
Granville.
" That the size of the above liar will not admit of more than one weir being built
upon it ; and the tiah that have hitherto l)een taken in it are barely sutHcient for your
petitioners and theii- families, and to reimbnrse the expenses of liuilding the said
weir. Your jietitioners therefore humlily pray your Kxeelleney ujion a due
consideration of the cireunistanccs will be pleased to giant the above-mentioned bar
to your petitioners, or to the said .lohn Healy, as your Excellency may deem best,
in either of which cases your petitioners will dei'ive eipial benefits.
•' (i^igued), .loii.N HKAiiY.
SiiAs Hardy.
James FIkid.
" Granville, January 29th, 1810." Uhakitv Cornwem,.
" Annapolis SS. John Healy, Silas Hardy, .Janie.s Reid and Charity Coriiwell,
who being duly sworn upon their .several oaths, ileclare the facts contained in the
Petition hereto annexed are correct and strictly true as relates to each deponent
respectively ; and that each of them considers himself and herself a subject of the
British (rovernnient, and are at all times ready to take the oath of allegiance to its
present sovereign. And the said John Healy further deposeth that the facts
contained in a former petition to His Excellency Sir ( !. Prevost, signed with his hand
and forwarded to Samuel Hood^ieorge, e.scjr. , were also strictly just and true.
" (Signed), John Healy.
Sii.As Hardy.
James Keid.
Charity Cornwei.l.
" Sworn before me at Granville, the 2flth January, 181(1.
"(Signed), Jame.s Hall, /./'."
" And the said John Healy mentioned in the body of the Petition saith at the
time I was about making tryal of taking fish on said bar I projiosed to the late Mary
Morrison (now Mary Shafner) who has been a claimant ami an ap])licant for a tithe
of the said ' bar ' to join me in erecting a weir on the said bar, but she, the said
Mary Shafner, refused totally having anything to do in the enterj)risc.
"(Signed), John Heai.y.
"Sworn before me, James Hall, J. P."
"The petitioner. Charity Cornwell, mentioned in the foregoing petition was
knowing and hereby depo.seth, that in the lifetime of her said husband, George
Cornwell, that he the said Cornwell did propose and state to James Thorne (now
Captain Thorne) that he believed the bar alluded to in said petition would be a
profitable fishery, and urged him the said Thorne to join in erecting a weir on said
bar, but said Thorne refused saying he would not undertake the experiment.
"(Signed). ("uAKrrv Cornwell.
" Sworn before me, James Hall, ./. /*."
The followinjj; deposition of Thoriias Robblee was annexed to tlie
petition of the other persons named. Tt was intended that his name
should have been found in the " boddy " of that document, as lie had
occupied a part of the bar and had " received benefits " according to the
amount he had contributed toward building the weir. i
220 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
" I, Thomiis llohlilce, iloposu and attest that I am knowing to the persons
invntionud in the foiej^oing petition, were the first that made the experiment for
takini; tisli un tlie said har,
" (iSigned), Thomas Robblkk.
" Sworn before me, James Ham,, ./. P."
Tlie result of the application may be read in the endorsement written
upon it. It was this:
'■ Tile petition of J. Healy and tlie widow Sliafner petitioned the late Governor for
tile 15iir or flat witliiii nicntioneil, hut as tlie granting the .sole e.xcliisive right of
fisliery on tlie har to one or two individuals niiglit lie attended with puhlie injury, or
inconvenience, it was deemed ])i'opei' to leave it to the magistrates at Annapolis in
Sessions to regulate this and the other fisheries on that bar.
"(Signed). CiiAKiiKs Morris, Surveyor-General.'"
It may not be out of place here to make a note concerning these
petitioners and tlie persons incidentally introduced by them :
Mrs. Cornwell was a native of one of the old colonies, and had been
the wifo of George Cornwell who came to Digby in 1783, from which
some years later on he removed to Granville. The Cornwells were a
highly respectable family, of whom two, Thomas and George, were exiled
and had their estates confiscated at the close of the revolution. Thomas,
who remained in Digby, was in the Commission of the Peact in 1807,
and from time to time discharged the duties of several other public
offices. James Cornwell, late of Clarence West, in Wilmot, was one of his
descendants.
Thomas Robblee was the .son of a Loyalist who was one of the
original grantees of the township of Clements. His farm occupies
and includes one of the most interesting historical spots in Nova Scotia,
the old Scotch Fort, some outlines of which, it is said, are still traceable,
although more than two and a (juarter centuries old ! His family, it is
believed, were of French origin,* and came to this province from New
York.
John Healy and Silas Hardy were sons of pre-loyalists of 1700-65,
and men of excellent standing in the community, having been as
lemarkable for their enterprise as for their industry.
Mary Morrison or Schafner I take to have been the widow of one of
the sons of John ]\lorrison, who was settled in Granville in 1770; but
of this there is no certainty from any information in my possession.
James Thorne, incidentally named in one of the depositions as
CaptJiin Thorne, was the son of Edward Thorne, of Lower Granville, a
New York Loyalist, and the father of Stephen Sneden Thorne, so long
the lepresentative of the township in more recent times, and of the late
Edward L. anrl Richard W. Thorne, late merchants of St. John, N.B.
*See Robblee genealogy. — [Ed.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 221
Jutnes Hall, the magistrate before wliom these attiihivits were made,
was the Hf»n of John Hall, a pre-loyalist settler, and the father of the wife
of S. S. Tiiorne, of Bridgetown, above noticed. He was also the maternal
grandfather of James I. Fellows, of St. John, N. B., before mentioned.
The descendants of both these gentlemen are exceedingly numerous.
In lb ?t the grants to Delap's, Young's an<l Chute's coves were issued.
Granville's cimtribution to tlie Waterloo fund in the autumn of 1815
was larger than that of any of her sister townships, reaching an amount
equal in our currency to $437.62 by 1(56 persons, of whom the largest
contributors were Thomas Millidge, .^46 ; Edward Thorne A- Son, S40 ;
Rev. John Millidge, $23 3.}, and Samuel Hall, §20.
In the year 1818 the herring fishery at (ioat Island again became a
matter of contention. A number of the inhabitants in that vicinity
petitit)ned Lord Dalhousie in the terms hereunder stated :
"That your petitioners are farmers living in tluit part of the township of
Granville situated opposite to (ioat Island and a s)iort ihstaiu'e above it, and that
no fisheries whatever are attached to any of tiieir lantls.
" That for some years past a )>ar or Hat, lying in the Annapolis River on the
eastern side of (ioat Island, opposite to some and nearly so to all your petitioners'
farms, has been occupied as a fishery by two or three individuals to the exclusion of
all others in that neiglibourhood : that some of your petitioners have been obliged
to purchase of those occupiers their supply of fish for their families at an extravagant
rate, and instances have occurred when the fish were sutlcred to perisli and spoil on
the [shore or in the weir, rather tlian let them be taken by persons who couhl not
pay for them."
They conclude by praying that the said bar or flat be made a public
fishery to be regulated by the Court of Sessions. These are the names of
the petitioners : James Hall, James Delap, jun., James Rice, John
Hardy, Thos. Delap, John Schafner, John Kennedy, Jamer, T. Hall,
Israel Fellowes, Thomas Young, Christopher Winchester, Thos. Robblee,
James Delap, sen., John McCaul, sen., Westen Hall, George Wooster,
Robert Delap, George Hall, Alexander McKinsej', William McKinsey,
Moses Shaw, Richard Halfyard.
In 1827 the population of the township of Granville was 2,526 ; land
cultivatetl, 4,200 acres; horses in the township, 264; head of cattle,
2,789; sheep, 3,767; swine, 1,194.
Jij/ ilii Kilitor.
The first steam ferry to connect the growing village of Granville Ferry
with Annapolis was established in 1870 by the late Cory Odell, of
Annapolis, and the late David Ingles, of Granville, and the boat was
called the Frpd. Learilt. Not proving a successful financial venture, as
pioneer adventures of the kind so seldom do, she was sold in 1874 to a
222 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
c'ompiiny in Pictou. But tm May 23r(l, 1881, the steamer Joe Edivnrds
was built and placed on the service by a company in Oranville, and
continued running until 1891, when the present more commodious
steamer Glencof. took her place.
BKIIXJKTOWN.
liji the Eilitor.
In the days of the French occupation, as afterwards until 1803, a ferry
connected the site of the present village with the hamlets on the south
side of the river. Among the latter was an estate or seigniory of one
thousand acres " about twenty miles u[) the Annapolis River," called St.
Andrt' Emanuel, and farther east a hamlet called llobicheauville, divided
from the other by Bloody Creek Jirook. Peter Pineo, jun., one of the
early emigrants to Cornwallis, is said to have built the first house on the
site of the present town of Bridgetown, after the houses of the French
had been destroyed. He was a native of Lebanon, Connecticut, and
descended from a Huguenot exile, whose name was spelt Pineau.* In
1782 Rev. Jacob Railey speaks of Mr. Pineo's house as being eighteen
miles from Annapolis. The road between the two places was then mo'^e
circuitous, crossing the streams and creeks where they were narrow, and
at the head of the tide. Mr. Pineo had been, in 1781, struck out of the
Commission of the Peiice at tlie instance of some of his brother magis-
trates, who accused him of harbouring persons concerned in a riot in
(Iranville, although no proofs of his guilt were adduced. He was a man
widely known, a pioneer ship-builder and exporter, of considerable influ-
ence, and distinguished for agreeable hospitalities. Embarking for the
West Indies in one of his vessels, neither he nor the vessel was ever
heard from again. His house stood on the lot formerly occupied by the
late James Clark, and in more recent times by Mr. Charles Parker, and
was known as the " mud house," from the fact that its materials of
stones and wood were cemented together by clay and mud. It was
long kept as an inn, and finally as a school-house. Probably Captain
Crosskill built the next house on the present site of the town, where the
mansion of T. D. Ruggles, Esc]., now stands, but there was another house
very early on the lot now occupied by the Presbyterian Church. After-
wards, Joseph Gidney, a worthy Loyalist of White Plains, New York,
ancestor of the late Angus M. Gidney and of the numerous family of the
name on Digby Neck, built where James DeWitt now lives — the old
house being renovated and incorporated in the new one. He died
there in 1816. A few other houses were probably built previous to
* Pronounced Peeno.
HISTOUY OK ANNAPOLIS. 22.S
1H03, when steps were taken toward building a l)ridge to supersede the
ferry, the expense being partly provided by a grant from the Legislature,
and partly l)y private subscriptions, and in November, 1805, the Grand
Jury pronounced the contract for the construction of the bridge
"faithfully executed," and the money voted b^'the Legislature and raised
by private subscription toward building said bridge, "faithfully laid
out" by the Conniiissioners, Robert Fitzrandolph and John Rugglc.-i.
This, of course, gave an immediate imjjulse to the growth of the place,
and, as we have seen, Captain Crosskill, in 1822, evinced great foresight
in laying out his land in town lots, and thenceforth its growth was
rapid. Jn fact, a village sjirang up like magio. From being at the head
of the river navigation, it imme<liately developed an export trade, and
became a shipping port for small ves.sels, of the products of all the
valley eastward of it and the mountains north and south. In the year
1822 upwards of sixty vessels loaded at the bridge, and in 1823 one
hundred cargoes were shipped from it. During the succeeding year two
churches were built. Baptist and Church of England, and later the first
Methodist church was erected on the lot next south of the residence of
the late Dr. Dennison. The place still bore the name of Hicks' Ferry,
until on January 25, 1824, the leading residents, elate with the prosperity
and importance of the town growing up around them, met at a public
dinner to discuss the rjuestion of a more suitable name, and adopted and
applied that which heads this article.* Before the close of that year the
village contained fifty or sixty houses. From the first, manufacturing,
such as carriage building, tanneries, etc., flourished in the town, and in
the later fifties and early sixties many important industrial establish-
ments sprang up in it — a furniture factory, foundry, etc. In 1827 the
law respecting Commissioners of Streets was extended to Bridgetown ; and
in the same year Thomas James and others petitioned the Legislature for
aid to erect a suitable school-house. A new school was soon opened,
adapted to the growing necessities of the town, in which Mr. Andrew
Henderson taught the male department before he finally settled in
Annapolis. He was succeeded by tlie late William Henry Shipley, who
taught for twenty consecutive years. The building was situated on the
site of the present court-house. When the new school law came into
operation in 1864, the opposition to the introduction of the principle of
compulsory assessment for the erection and support of schools was very
strong in Bridgetown for a time. A Halifax party newspaper, on
December 6th, 1864, said : "On Saturday last an attempt was made, the
third or fourth, we hear — made of course under Secretary Rand's Educa-
tional Notice No. 3 — to carry an assessment at Bridgetown to be legalized
* I would suggest tluit the name " Crosskill " would have been appropriate and
in better taste. — [Ku.]
224 HISTOKV OF ANNAI'OLIH.
by and by. Ladies and gentlemen attended every taxpayer of both
.sexes tliat could be induced to attend was in force to vote, but tlie
government otKceis were again «lefeated." The same paper Maid later
that "if Anna|)oli8 does not pitch the rfchool bill and the inventors of
it where they ought tt» l)e — -where gottd people don't go — then they
fleserve to be treated as they have been heneefortli and forever." The
inventors of the measure were ejec^ted from power by the constitueiioi«'s ;
but the educational system, at fiist so unpopular, survives, and by wise
management the youth of Bridgetown have enjoyed their full share of
its benefits.
In 185G the author, whose work 1 am humbly endeavouring to com-
plete and give to the public, estal)lished at Bridgetown the Western Netvs,
the first newspaper ever published in the county. Tt was conducted in
an able yet moderate and dignified tone, and its columns were, moreover,
graced by many elegant }ioetical effusions from his pen. In 1858 the
Examiner was founded at Bridgetown, and later the Free Press, under
the editorial management of the late Angus M. Gidney, an able, witty
and effective political controversialist, afterwards Sergeant-at-arms to the
House of Assembly. Me was a genial and popular citizen. The claim
of Bridgetown to be made the shire town after the county was divided, and
the settlement of the question in 1869, is noticed elsewhere. No doubt
the anticipated difficulty in connection with that (juestion long delayed
the division of the county. An admirable water supply was introduced
into the town in the summer and autumn of 1887, and the electric light
in 1890.
("HAI'TK1{ XIIT.
THE TOWNSHIP OF WILMOT.
Description — Grant to Pliilip Riiliardsdii — General Riifjjjii'H — (irant of 1777 —
Loyalists anil settlers from (Iraiiville - ('apitation taxpayers, 1792-94
— New (irants — Letters of .Surve.vor-tieneral Morris — Colonel Bayard —
Melanelioly event at Reagh's Cove — Fires — New roads —Bridges -Returns
of cultivated land under Bounty Act, 1S06-7 -Petition f<ir union with
Aylesford in a new county — Mi<ldleton — Torl)rook and Torbrook mines —
Margaretaville.
THIS noble townsliip coiitfiiiis moie j^ood Ifinil than any otlier in
the county, and is iKiunded on tlie nortli by tlie Hay of Fundy ;
on the east by Kings County ; on tiie south by other lands of the county
and the Annapolis River ; and on the west by its sister townships of
Annapolis and Granville. The Annapolis River .nins through its central
portion, anti forms many valuable intervale lands, and the several
streams that discharge their waters into the main river from the North
and South mountains, have formed extensive and valuable meadow lands ;
while rich and productive tillage soils lie adjacent to these, offering
agricultural advantages not readily equalled by any portion of the
Province. Its increase in population and material wealth has been
very great during the last fifty years — greater indeed tlian in the other
townships. Its thriving little villages and hamlets have chiefly had
their growth within that period. Lawrencetown, with its three churches,
Episcopalian, Wesleyan and Baptist ; its gang-saw-mill, carding and
grist mills, its bridge and railway station, added to its situation in the
midst of productive orchards and well-tilled farms, is altogether a
pleasant village, and a very desirable place of residence. Margaretsville
(named in honour of Lady Halliburton, wife of Sir Brenton Halliburton,
the late Chief Justice), cosily seated in Reagh's Cove on the Bay of
Fundy, with its substantial breakwater and lighthouse, its inn, and
comfortable and trim private dwelling houses, is famed for its salubrious,
and delightfully cool atmosphere during the hot summer months. It
carries on a considerable trade with St. John, N.B., and Boston and its
outports. Port George is another pleasant village on the shore of the
15
22G HISTOUV (»F ANNAI'OIJS.
l)iiVi iiIho j)()HMt'ss(Ml of )i hiviikwiitci' iiiul li^litliiiust', II cliuri'li and ii
sliipyiird, iin<l tMijnys a trade similar to tiiat i>t' its near n»'ij,'hl)nur,
Mar;{art'ts\ illc. Middlftnii, tdo, a villaj^o of yomi^^t-r j^i-owth tliaii t'ither
of tlit> foinuT, is beautifully situated on tlie liaiiks (tf tlio river, very
nearly oecupyinf^ the ^eo^^iaphioal centre of the townsiiip. It ha» an
Kpiscopal, a Wesleyan and a najiti.st chureli, tlii' former l)einj{ finely
loeated in a elunip of primeval j)ines, known as the " Pine (Jrove," and is
considerably ost-r half a century old,
Niible intervales here line the river, while orchards of apple and other
fruit trees spread their ample branches ovei- the teeminj^ uplands and
pour their valuable ami delicious fruit with unstinte<l j^enerosity into
the jiarners of the farmers vear after year, and almost with unvarvinj'
j)rofusion.
Nor must Melvern Square be passed over in silence. It is a fine
handet resting at the foot of the North Mountain, about three miles
from the rivei", and near the eastern county line. It, too, lejoices in
the presence of fine orchards ; neat farm-houses, stores and other
buildinj,'s give evidence of thrift and prosperity. This place is in the
extreme east, as Paradise, the delightful, is nearly in the farthest
west. Paradise, nearly buritvl in orchards, and filled to repletion with
the odours of Araby the blest, when the fruit-blooms colour the landscape
in June, and crowned in the autumn days with a diadem of many-tinted
gems, shaped in every form that beauty can lend or Pomona devise —
Paradise, with its school and its church, its cheese factory, its pretty
maidens and hard}' swains, its neat and substantial dwellings, and the
surroundings of field and forest picturesque and beautiful, well deserves
the name it bears.*
This portion of the county was not settled (juite so early as some other
parts of it. It was not ordered to be laid out until 1764, or four years
after the arrival of the Charminy Molly, with the first immigrants at
Annapolis. It received its name from Governor Wilmot, and comprised
within its original boundaries a large part of the present township of
Aylesford, the latter not liaving been set off as a separate district until
178G. It is made certain by a document to be found in the Miscellaneous
Records Book, 1751-91, that some families had been settled there as
early as 1773, for among the list of defaulting or non-resident road tax-
paj'ers I find the names of William Terr}', Henry Potter, Charles
Dickson, Peter Trade and Richard Pock or Peck, to which must be added
Walter Wilkins in 1776. It was in June, 1777, that lots Nos. 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43 and 44, containing two thousand acres, were granted to Philip
Richardson, one of the oldest, if not the oldest grantee, of Wilmot, and I
* The name is said to have been tirst given to his homestead by the late Samuel
Morse, sen. — [Ed.]
IIISTollY Oh ANNAi'oMS. 227
think till' l.rst iiiii;,'istnit(> ii])|ioinli'<l in the titwiisliip. His iiivine iippears
among the «iglit jtistienH who expicist'd ni.igistt'rial authority in tlio
county in \7A{). These lots lie adjoininj,' each other lM';,'inninK with the
liighest numlier and goin;; west from the Hu^'i,'lt^s' Road, so called. The
aggro^^ate value of these lots has inereased many hundredfold since they
were granted -nay, within the memory of the writer. Lots Nos. 45 and
46, or those lying contiguous to the road bearing that rame, were granted
in 17S4 to nriga(lier-(Seneral Timothy lUiggles, a Massachusetts Loyalist,
who foi' the succeeding dozen years was the model farmer of the region.
He built a commiMlious and Hubstantial dwelling on the southern Hlope of
the North Mountain, at a jxtint commanding one of the most extensive
views in tin* county, and jilanted near it as soon as the forest could be
chaired away and the soil prei)aieii, an oivhaid of ap[)le trees, being
probably tlu; iu'st attempt at orcharding made in this section of the
county. The trees forming it were grown from seeds planted by the
(ieneral's own hand, and he thus became the Krst nuiseryman of the
succeeding centuiy. In a gorge in the face of the hillside, a short
distance to the south and eastward of his mansion, he planted some exotic
trees, the history of (me of which is worth relating. The ravine leferred
to was completely sheltered from all prevailing winds, and during the
summer season, became heated to an unusual degree —so much so indeed
that it se -ms possible that some sub-tropical or even tropical fruits might
have been produced there. In this .spot the venerable old man planted,
among other trees not indigenous to this province, a black walnut tree ;
but whether this tree was grown from a young j)lant obtained from
abroad, or from a nut, it is now impossible to determine. A knowledge
of the.s(i facts was current among some of the old people of the past
gen ration, but had almost died out at the time now alluded to. About
tliirty-fiv(! yeai's ago, a farmer into whose hands a portion of the estate
had fallen, in securing his winter's supply of firewood felled a tree the
name of which was unknown to him, and hauled it with other and better
known timl)er to his wood-yard. In passing this man's premises, in
company with a well-known and esteemed cabinet-maker of the county —
Mr. John Emslie— a short time afterwards, the colour of this wood
attracted the attention of my friend, who alighted from the vehicle in
which we were being conveyed, and proceeded to examine it. He at once
pronounced it to be black walnut, and of excellent quality — but the
wonder to both of us was, where did it come from 1 The owner being at
home, we proceeded at once to his dwelling and made the inquiry,
and were informed as above. My friend bought the wood, sent it to a
saw-mill, had it sawn to the dimensions he required, and made of it
several articles of furniture which are still in use in the county.
Such particulars of this old Loyalist pioneer as can be obtained will
22s IIISTOUV oh ANNAI'OI.IS.
lie given in ii liio^rniphit-al notice in iinutlit!)' piiu'tt. A fi'ii^ni<>nt witlimit
iliitr, fiiund ill till' Nova Hootiii AroliivcN, contains a IJNt of naiiii'H ot'
piTsiiiis a|>|ilyin^' for i i;;li(HiilK)Vc tlii' townsliipof < iniiivillc, on tlif river of
Anna|i<ilis Koyul, on the road to lliilifax, and some facts einliodied in it
enalile us to fix its date at some short period before 1777. This seems
(|uite certain, as the name i-f I'liilip Ilichardson appears among the
applicants, 'ind thi- date of the grant was in 1777. The following are the
names gi\'en in this document, and those printed in italics are known to
liave sul)se(|uently become grantees and settlers :
" iJiiiiifH Ni(:h()lH. JoHcph Hill, jim., Jaiiu-N MoOreyor, Siiiiiiu'i ( 'liiilc, iTniieph Hill,
■en., Ktlwuril .Snow, VVilliuiii .Mi^Kiiii, MWiiim (Jmi'i'i, Williiiiii Kit/.geriild, Ist,
\\ illiiiin Fit/xi'iMld. •Jml, \V. Herrick A Son, Ixmil Ldii/Iii/, Xatlmiiii-l nintnii,
.liisc|ili Hire, .liiiiii'N Delaway, John Sowiiid, Sainiii'l Harris, Willinni I'ooke, Wine
Wright, Xathanicl Cliandlt'i', •lininlhaii l.ionurd, Isaac Htiirdi'vant, John SliiclH,
Rolicif ( 'aiiii(l>ell, J'hilip llicliarilnoii, Khenn/cr Rico, Joliii Fountain, Chaiiua
Winnictt, Monro [Col. Henry?], to have Hrst choice in ''u-ne lotH ; Hatch to have
liis fifteen miles fi-oin Hortoii, anil Wright to have hi?* irln r< he in iioir nelNiiiij, unil
sixty ucrus at the laiuling place."
Of those whose names have Vieen italicised, Jonathan Leonard left
descendants who still occupy the lot assigned to him ; and it was at
Leonard's hotel, at Paradise, where the Duke of Kent lunched on a line
Sunday, while on his way to New Brunswick, via Annapolis, in 17!>1,
an event which has liecome a tradition to his grandchildren and great-
grandchildren. Ilichardson left no male oflfspriiig that I am awiire of.
Graves left issue, and the name is still common in Wilinot and western
Kings. At this time tiiere were no roads worthy the name. In 177.'5
the amount expended on roads and bridges did not exceed £152 10s. In
1776 the sum available for these purposes was only £'2\, and in the
following year, nothing liaving been given out of the funds raised in the
neighbouring townships, the sum of .£6 5s only was collected and paid
toward that service. Those facts will tend to show the very infantile
condition of this now well-cultivated and thriving .section of the
Province. In the return for 1768, census for that year, its total popula-
tion is stated to have consisted of 40 souls only, who pos.sessed 5 horses,
or about one to each family ; 62 horneil cattle, 8 sheep and 15 swine.
It had also one saw-mill, I regret very much that the names of the
settlers are wanting in the return from which this information has been
extracted. The lots next west of those obtained by Mr. Richardson,
namely, Nos. 37 and ;J6, were not granted till 1785, when they were
taken by Anthony Marshall ; and Nos. .35, .34 and 33 were about the
same time granted to Timothy Saunders, Joseph Neily and Benjamin
Chesley, respectively, and include the farms from Middleton westward
to and including the farm of the late Mr. Avard Vrooin. Saunders and
IIISTOUV «il' AVN'AI'OtJS. 229
Cht'slt-y wi'if (it fust sfttliTH in ( Jriins illi', wlirrr tlifii' tutlnTs still
contiinH'd to live. Tlicy U-ft ii voiy nunicnnis issiii' wliicli nic now
MfiilttTctl t'lif mill wide ovci' this aixl tlii' luljoitiiriL; |ii<>\ iiict'. Mr.
Ncily WHS a iiiitivc (if tin- mntli of In-laiid, ivtul ii most vuluahli- pioiH't'C
in the work of cultiviitinii in this region ; and lie, tiH>, left nuim-rous
iind highly ii'spectiiblo dt'sct'iuiants. Next to and iidjoining tlu^ Hiij^Kh's'
j{nint WHS ,hat of two thoiisatiil acft's to Al)fl Wlicflock, of Lt'ominsttT,
in Massachusi'tts, who had jnwioiisly IxM-n a gianti'c in (tiiinvillc, and
wiw anotiittr active pioneer in tlio great work of settlenient in this
township, and he also left a very numerous oll'spring whose labours in
improvement have heen continued through three gem rations to the
present day. It is traditionally .stated that Timothy Haiinders was the
superintendent employed in the original cutting out of a road from
Nictau, through Toritrook, eastwardly into the (Jounty o* Kings, and
that "lot ."l")," which was granted to him, was that afterwaid owned by
the late Mr. James Parker, one of the very few well-to do "armers of
VV'ilmot during the first thirty years of the century, and who became
tlie purchaser of it before 1790.
It was !iot, however, till ITHIl after the arrival of the lioyalists, that
any very marked progress was achieved in the grand work of settlement
in the magnificent forests of Wilmot. From this period tlie work was
more vigorously prosecuted, anil with more gratifying results. Many of
the settKirs o*' Granville and Anna])olis sold out their partially improved
lands and removed hither. This was the case with the \Voodl)urys. Their
progenitor, Dr. Jonathan Woodbury, who owned several lots near the
Glebe in central Granville, .sold out to Thomas Millidge, a New Jersey
Loyalist, and purchased a portion of the Richardson grant before
noticed, which he and his sons continued to occupy and improve from
that time to the present day. There were many others of the old
Massachusetts settlers and their sons who followed this example, among
whom I may name .Samuel Balcom, John Baker, sen., Nedebiah Bent,
Benjamin Chesley, Asahel Dodge (son of Josiah of Granville), Joel
Farnsworth (nephew of Amos), Oldham Gates, Ezra Hammond, Andrew
and Isaac Marslial) Sanmel Moore, John Starratt, Christopher Prince,
and some others. The.'e were all residents and ratepayers in this
township in 1792, as may be seen by the capitation tax returns made in
that year. As the Act imposing this tax required tlie as.sessors in each
township to return annually a list of the names of all persons assessed,
and as some of these have been preserved in our archives, I have found
them very useful in aiding me in tracing families from place to place and
fixing their position pecuniarily in the district in which they resided.
Nearly one hundred persons who were thus ratable lived in Wilmot in
1792, and their names were as below given :
2:{0
IIISTdHV OK ANNAI'OI.IS.
AriiiHtroti^', Hichnnl.
Biikxr, .liiciil).
BllHH, Alclcll.
HdlHdi', (Mil ist(>|)li(r.
I5('iirilnl('y, KolicilMoii.
Hciit, Ncdi'liiali.
HuriiH, iloliii.
liiiriiH, Williiiiri.
BuniH, Ktiiriri^<.
lialcDiM, SiiiniH^I.
lialciiiii, lli'tiiy.
HiuiliN, .Iii'^liua.
Itciwlliy, Itichiinl, r(^ii.
|{owlt)y, Rirliai'd, jiin.
liuHkirk, .loliii.
Kaker, ijolin, kcii.
(roploy, W'illiain.
Caloii, (Jariflt.
Croplcy, John.
CoviTt, William.
Charlton. Aaron,
draft, <it'or>;<',
Cliarli'ton, Henry,
(.'harlctiin, .liiincH,
C'>op(!r, .lohn.
('antic, .Michael.
ChcHlcy, Henjainin,
CliCHkiy, J(me]ili,
ChiHtin, ilaineM.
Delonj^, Simon.
Diirland, Daniel.
Uiiiland, /ehiilon.
Downy, William.
l)iirHi, .Icilin.
hunii, Kilward.
I)\inn, K/.ra.
l)<Ml(.,'e, Slephen.
Dodjjfj, AHaliel.
Klliott, John.
Krit/,, Jaeoh.
F(iwl(M', John.
Karn.sworlh, .loel.
Kails, Honjaniin.
(loiielier, Stephen.
(leHMcr, .Ahrahani.
(iatOM, (.'aptain.
(iateK, ( lldhani.
(iardner, (icorgo.
(iatcM, JanieH.
Hammond, Kzra,
HawkeHWorth, Adam.
Hawkt'Kworth, John.
liarkeMon, Kli.slia.
JacijiicH, Johti.
Lynrli, I'atriek.
Leonard, Jonathan.
.McMaHtcrB, ilohn.
Marshall, Andrew.
Marshall, lsaa(\
.Morton, JoKeph.
Moore, Sanniiil.
Merry, William.
Nichols, (ieorj^e.
Niihols, William.
NIcIioIh, Kii'hanl.
I'rince, (JhriHtophor.
Tlaii<1all, David.
Uanilall, Samuel.
Randall, Nathan.
Kiinilall, Jonathan.
KiiH'ee. William.
RuKj^lcH, Joseph.
Roliertson, Kohort.
Rn).;gles, .'olin.
Rnt;i,'Ies, (General 'I'imotliy
Slocoml). ( 'aleli.
Hloi'oird), John.
Smith, .lanii-H.
Spnmle, John.
Slarratt, .lohn.
Stiiirall, (ieorgf!.
Snyder. H(^nry.
Saunders, Timothy.
Slronaeh, (!eori;(t.
Smith, Kiiiricis.
Tiuesdal, JiJin.
Ward, John.
Woodliury, Dr. Jonathan.
Wirmer, .lacolt.
Woodluiry, Koster.
Woodliuiy, Fairfield.
Wilk't, Samuid.
The roturn of 1794 ^'ivos tlic! tollowinj,' luiditioiial iiarrifs as ratopaycirs
in that, ytiar : Philip Thortif', Jdiian Ward, William RlKMicH, David
Randall, Otis Marshall, Alwl Marshall, I'ic'hard I^Iaishall, Kaimiol
McTnt^To, 8aiiniol McJJridc, John Lfiiahaii, Richard KfMiips, (l(M)(go
Hawkesworth, Saimu!! (iat»;s, Ainos Karnsworth, Sainuol Klliott, arul
Honry Putin. 'Dw. list, of iiairifs has \)iM']\ ititiochiccd sornf^whafc out of
tlie triK! ordf^r of tirnt^ nM|uiicd hy our tiai rativc, hut it srt^incMl (hisiniljh)
that the reader sh<tul<l l)e ina(k! familiar with tliem heforo what in to
follow should he perused. One of the most interesting volumes in the
archives is that which contains the hitters of tlu* Honourahle Charles
Morris, th(!n the Surveyor-General of the Province, to his deputies in this
county, of whom he tells us he hud .seven. These letters are full of
interest as the reader will find.
IIIST<»KV OI' ANNAn»f-IS. 2.'U
F horo t.ianHcrih(i ouc addrcHHcd to .lolm Harris, juii., coiici'iniiij; a
grant f,f» iiu'mlwrs of llir IIu>,'>,'1ch family. It liraiH date F)cf(!iiil)or (it.li,
I7«l, and tlit^ t(!Xt, inadiMirai)ly lf;,'il)i<', as is, intlccd, tlm wiioi«! oontdnt.s of
till! l)ook :
"Sir, — liiiloKfil is n copy iif the (iipvciiior'H w.iiifinl fin' liiviiin nut Kidmnl iiiiil
iJiiliii Kii^ijlcs, rHipiiii'M, Ki|»hl limidifil jicich of land ciicli. \i<n ,iic to lav out
HJxti'i'ii liiiiiilri'il actfH in ofn' coiiliKUoiis triK I , on the f tur- of IiiihIh uiljoiniiij^ llir Lam I
giHiilcil tci (JtiMcial |{ll^;JJ;l^H, tlicir (lonoiircrl Fating-, liciii;; |mit of land roHcr'Vcd for'
that family. In MUivcyinn tliiH trait yon will olisi-rvr to tnakr |)ro|)cr liouiidH iind to
note llicni. Snr\ry yon aic to ictniti to tliiM olliir, ami also to dcHcrilx'. tin' LotH in
VVihnolt, wliii'li tliiH land nuiy lifunid on, f<n' yon may oxtond it, citlu!!' <!IimI or wi'Mt,
of l\u: Krar of lliiir Kut Iici'h Lanil or toward t he Hay of Knndy, aH may linst, Hnit tlicm.
Yon ar<^ also torortify to the iiatnre and ipiality of tlir laiul in (irnt'ial, and wlirtlin
any tluil><,'r tri'i'n til for tlii' \\m' of tin- Koyal Navy, and make Kt'|M)it of yoni
rroc^ceilings herein to this otlice a.s soon an may lio.
" I am, Hir, et(;.,
"(•Sif^m^d), ('iiAKi,i;s MdUiiis.
" To Mr. .lohn UairiM, juri., or other depnty of the lonnty."
'I'li<( dt!S(!(^hdaiit,s of IJiohard |{n;^j(liiH ai)ov»! iiaiiKMl aro soattored
wid«dy tJirou}{ii Mm extreme wi-sturii comitios. \lr. afterwards sf^ttlcd
in the townHJiip of (dements, wjicru \\v, dird, l('avin<^ a (inn lionii-stoad
to his family, and soinn of his ^^randsons and f^roat-j^randsons .still, I
Vj('li('V(% (K;cu|)y porticjiis of it.
Fn July, 17H.'), the Smvi'yor-(<cncial thus wroto to Hcnjaniin .Farvis,
anotlier of liis d(!j)titi(is, whet livwi at that, tiint; in what is now calh'd
Aylosford :
" I httve re(^eived yonr I'ian of tive hnndrcil acrcH for .Mr. Wiswall and two for
ThomiiH Onthit, ami whiill ^fl t.ln' pay for yon aw No<in as I can. Ah foi- the ItoulheeH
(Huwlhyn) if it Hhonhl .ho hap|pcii that. I iTiay have occasion to order other Hurv(!yK to
be made, at the i)iil)lic expeime, yon may, when on Biieh Hcrvice lay out the Lanrl
asHif^ni'd foi- them and chfir^e it in the Hame acconnt. ... If you will forward
a HJiort. petition to the (iovcrnor for the LamI yon wiwh to have and get Mr.
IfiiHton or Mr. Minhidge, or Imtli, to wiite .i line of lieeommi^ndatioii at the
Hottoin, I will caiiy it thronj^di fipr yon. If yon are a loyal emigrant you'll havc^
no feeH to yon, exi'ept at Mr. Went wort Ii'h otiice."
'I'hc heirs of tlm Wiswalls and OntJiits still o(!rupy tlu; lands luM'cin
roffM'red to. In August of IIm^ same, year Mr. Morris wrote U> ,FoH('|ih
Flugf^lcs, another of his deputies, siiyinj^ :
" I have the ( Jovt'iiior'.s Warrant to lay cnitr unto Laurens Van lluHkirk, tlarrct
Van liuskirk, Al)raham Van linskirk, lir'tu'v Van liuHkirk, .lohn Van ISuMkirk and
(larret Aekernon, each a plantation containing 2n0 acres l,2(M)aercH in the whole
which you will lay out for thetu on VVilniott; inountainH adjoining the landn granted
the HOHH of (ienet'al jltiggles, provided the. land is not laid out to others. . . .
They pi'ving you for your' tfonlije, as < iover'rnnciit will not b<^ at. any furthi'r- expriUHe
for aiieh Hurveys."
2.'J2 IllSIOIiV Oh AWAI'OMS.
On till' 2!M,li of |)c('i'riiliiT, in tin- sariii' yi'ar, In- wnitc jij^uiii In Mr.
Ilu>{j{l<'M )iH FdIIuwh :
"I Imvc I III- ( liivcnini H W'arnilit In lay on I 'J.'iO m |(•^ fm Slc|ili('ii (Inii^cr, iiOfI fnl'
KilwunI <iiiiiv;i'i', l<i!) Inr .Imiih'h I'luliH, lunl Mil) Im Ki'iiiiiiiiiii Art in li'>() in tlii^
wlinlii wlilitll JH In Ih' liiiil mil In I lii' mil I liwiii'il iiliil ml ininili^ liiliil ^I'iiiiIimI (/'uIdmi'I
Mi'vurly KoliiiiMiiri ami hIIiimm, nil W'lliiinl.l iiiniiiiliilii, lii-lwi-fii I liciii iiml lln^ If.iy nf
Kiimly. I liavr only In r<-tmit'l< I liiil IIii'D! Ih a ^rciil. hIii'I'I ni- rnail fniir iikIh wiilo
lii'lvvMiMi I'vciy i;i''inl iiiiuli' mi I In- nimiiil.iin In llif liny nt i'limly."
Ill I 7M7, Miiy .'Usi, iv^tiut iiJdii'Hsinj^ Mr. Rii;,';,'lrs, lie writes lliu.'< :
" I wrnlt- ynii lant fall In lay out for Mi'h. |'liilli|iH tivi- Immlicil acii'H nf liiiiil nn
Wilnint.t. IIIIIh, luljniniiiv; tli<' Krv. WiHwalTH, uml In ri'hirn ii |iliiii llii-ti'tn tn lliiH
f)Hi«!ii. I havii till; ' InviTiinr'M Waiimil lor a llinimanil acri'H tn lif Hiiivi-ycil to •Inlili
( 'liiimllor, fHi|iiiir, wliicli, it he il hi-m, ynii may lay out , ail jniniii;^ .Mih. I'liilli|m', nr
in any pjirt nf t.lii' Tnii'l, lyiiiK liclvvtini (Ja|ilaiii I'Iii|i|im', Dmlnr lliililiiirtoirM, tlio
liuHkirkH, ami the Hiiy of Kiimly."
On llio I2l,li of .Iniif t'oliowini^, lie writes tlie hiuim' :
" I liavo MOW the ( iovciiim M Warrant for four liiimlri'il hi'ii'm for .\lr. lloliiiiHnii
wliiiJi ynii will wiirvi-y ami lay nut for liiiii nn Wiliiinll llill,^ a^^riM-alilo In my lottor
of .'tut .Inly. llv. will |my ynii fnr tliin liiiHiiii'.iH ; liiit I iiiiiHt pray ynii tn Id; hh
favoiiraMu to lilin uiyoii ran in iiial<iiit{ yoiiri'liargxH, for liu liaH iixtl willi niidfortiiim,
mill I lii^liitvi' in iinalilit In pay iiiih'Ii. ... If lir ilni-s nnt like i lie liinil yon may
point, any oilier iiiigranteil 'I'riiet Unit, you know of, or ynii I'lin nwv. him llieMi- onlerM
l.liat lie may apjily tn .\Ir. .Inlin llarriH, JMii., .\Ii. MilliilKe, nr nny ntlier nf my
•luputieH who may I'xeciiti' Ihmi if I hey ran Iiml ImihI In plr.iMi- him."
ill Aii><iiHt, to the Hiime lie .siiy.s :
"I iieviw hail a VV'arraiil of Hiirvry for the Nii'hols | David mil Ocorne]. Thoy
llliifd petition the (iovernni fnr the lanil in I In- nsn nf Lot Nn. ^iS, in Wilmott,, ami
wlintl I have rereiveil the (ioveriior'H Warrant I will prepare for the (iraiil wilhniit,
InHM nf tiim; ami Willi an little expeiiMr an pnMwihIe."
On llie L'liiid of I )(^eeinl»er, 17K7, Mr. Morris tells Alexander Tfowo,
I'iS(|iiire, of (iranvilje, tJmt "lie is ;;oin;,' on wit.li the (irant." lo him and
(Japlain Katlii-riis, for two tlioiis;ind aeres on the rear of Major
I'^arriti^ilon's iiiid Mr. JohiiHtone, i lands in the south cast of I he county.
Of ('aptain Katlinnis, h»! says :
" lie (lot!H lint, i:nni<! illiiler the ilemript inn nf a Loyiilint, or reihlred olljcer, Hervili({
in the late war, ami therefore iiin was a vote nf rniimil, ami in all Ihtme easos funH
are paid in all the ollieoH, wliieli for oih' thoiisiiiid acruH and niio (iranleo in thirteen
poiimlH. tell Hliilliiif{H, or tlmrcaliniilH."'
The letU'r (jiioted from was forwarded to Anna)>olis liy tlie hands of
Mr. lioimott, fatlior of Iho iati; sherillof the (jouuty.
* DeHeDmliiiitK of Captain KatlieriiH yet reHide in tin; iniinty. He lived to a ^ruat.
ago, and was in the coiinniHHinii of the pnaee for many years.
IllsrollV f»l' ANNAI'OMS. 233
'riii'(M! yciiiH l)('t'()i<' l.lif aliovc iliitf, iiiiiiifly, on tlir lOtli of I)i'c('rnln'r,
17H|, Ik' IiimI wrilti'ii III (III' MiiiiK! ;;firi( Irmiili Jih t'ollows ;
" |)|;AII Sin, I llHll I he IwilKllll I'l ircc-IVI y'lMf tilVDIlP (ll III"' mill llllilllll, <!VI'r
HJiiif wliicli I liMvi' lifiin viTV ill mill ruiiCniril with llif (iiml. N'mir Ni«t«r, Mm.
Ciittnitin, HiK'iiiH very iloHiroiiH of liMvJrix lli-i' 'I'IiiiumiiiiiI iirnrH liy InTHcIt, in (Iiih |iiiiI,
of (III! rniviiici'. (;M|ilniii (,'iiMmiiiii IiiiiI fni iiicily l"'i lul-^ "H III'' VN'iii'Uoi Kmiil ;
t.lmy wurc liy him niorlt^uKril Id ii Knilli-iiiMii in I'lnj^liuiil ; Iml iii'vri iiiiy iiii|ii'ivi'-
MM'lil liliiili- liV llii' liiiillt!MK<'i' anil llirliiiiil Iiiih ImtiiMH' liiilili'lii tni I'lll III i'. If mIio
CHII iililiiili iJiJH ll '\H llir Ih'hI I I'lili ilii fur lii'l , lUlij if ymi I'lli liKi' I III' lilliii nn tlio
intdiiilt'il ni'W riiiiil, I I'liii iiiiiki! hi'iuuhIi' |r'(lllll'^ "f I In- Wiiniiiil , or if iii'i'rMMiiiy,
oliliiiti ii(!|Miralr WiiiriiiilH iih hikui iik ynii I'liii mi rini' ii Siirvi'y "I Mi. lliiiiiH, nr- iiny
(itliiTiif my i|i'|)iili<'H, of till' liiiiiil yiiii me I (i'hikiuh nf liMviiix. «illi tin' |iiii|ii'i- milim
mill ImiiiiiiIh tJioi'iion hi^Hirilii'd, iiml hi'iiiI , I will il<> I'vi'iyl liiii;^ in my |i<iwi'i' In
fiirwiiril tlin >{i'iiiit."
Ill . I Illy, I7HI, l,ln" Snrvryur (JfiH'iul liiul wriltni (d Aiiioh I'lotst'ord,
IiIh cliii'f (li^puly III/ l')i^,'l>y, ini'l a iiHiiiilMM' of iIm- I'.oiinl of AgfMilH, in
tli('H(! t.oi'iiiM :
" I \ify, li^avi^ (i> riMoiiimrnil lo your iilli-nl inn llii' Ih'iiiit, (.'a|il(iiii lluwi', wIiuho
fiillirr IiihI IiIm lifn in liikin>< iiimHi'HHinM nf llii'i c'limlry in '•!• or TiO, liy lln' Indiaiin
li<! wanlH Hiiiiii! Inml llirri^ aii^ ntily Iwn vaiatii IhIh in VV'iliiint, l.'t ami 14 wuhI Hiiio
of BiKWirH ( Uowoii'h ?|."
[ iiiitnl/ioii tliJH fai-t lis illustniMvi' of tlii^ chU^ciii in wliiirli llowi; wan
hiilil liy I.Ih! loading iiinii of IJm^ •'"■y- I'"' '''''iiiiw' in ri-furri^d l.o l.lin
liio(^rii|)lii(;iil and g»!in)iilo;^i(:ai piirln of Ihis work for furtln'r |iarti(!ularn of
IiIh family.
I copy tli(> following poHlHrript. io a l('M,(!r written liy Mr. Morris, in
Aiif^iist, 1781, to one of Ills hcvcii ilfpiiticH in tlic coiiiity, 'riioinaH Millid;,'*^
Kh(|., as it relates to a iiiatler of some (onMeijuenee lo persons now living
in tlie dJHtriet to wliioli it refers, namely, to the liomidary lines lietween
(iianville and Wilmot, wliieli have proved a puzzle to the lo(;al surveyorH.
It says; " TIk! eastern lioiindary of (>ranville runs N. U'J" ■'(()' VV^ to th«)
]{ay of l*\indy, so that there will lie an angle of land lietween that
t/ownship and the land you are at present laying out, which is not to lie
granted, liut to riMiiain a pulilic rosorve."*
It was toward the elose of the irentiiry that Samuel Veleli I5iiyaril, a
distinguiMhed New York lioyalist, liecame a dweller in the township. In
his youtli and early inanhoiHl, he. was reputed to have led a somewhat
wild and thoughtlimH life, and to have lieen noted for his disregard to
religious oliligation, Krom the time of his HettlemenI in Wilmot, however,
liis eonduet lieoame the suliject of a wonderful ehange. Ills old ways
were aliandiined, and he lieoame a model of piety and soeial worth ; and
thus in his after-life, he HUooeiHled liy his teachingH and nohlt; example to
"Tim weHtorii liouiiiliiry of Wilmot wim run N. 10" W., liunco tlio triangular tiloi;k
lmtWM!ii ; till) apiix of the triaiiKl" hi'in^^ at tho livnr ami itK Iximc on I ho May of
Fiiiiily.
'2.'{4 IIISIOUV OK ANNAI'OI.IH.
iiM|ii'cMH ii|i(iti llif |i('ii|)li' liitutn'^ wliuiii III' livi-d, l,li(i value of a |iin'<) and
Mi'lf Hfiriillriiip life, and an inlli-xiliir i'i-|{iit'd Uiv t,ln- iriilJi. \\<; wan a
Inacjin;^ iiri)^i'ti rati- Cur many yi-afi, and neviT laiji-d in liin i'a|iacily an
Hiii'li III I'i'liiiki' all evil and wrun;^' vviUi a I'l-arli-HH t.(Mip;n<-, and In |iiiniKli
all wriin;{ diiinf^' wilji a r<iiira;^i- only iM|iiallcd liy IiIh lioni-Hty of |iiir|ios(i
and dcli'i'Miinal ion lo adinini'tli-r tin- lawn in Hiirli a iiiannct' an would
iiiakf iJn'ni a li'i'iui' lo llii- wirlo'd and ft liulwack of Hi'i'iirily lo l.litt
wi'll i|iH|ioHi'i|. ( 'oloni'l Itayai'd, ii.n In- was ^^enerally rallnd, wjih lioin
in New Yiiik in I7'i7, and wiim of l''irneli oi'ij^in. 1 1 in family wi-io
I'r'oli'HianI, and canii' to New V'oik afl.er iJie revocation of iJie ICdiel, of
Nanl.es,, wliere, uiidei' lliiliuli eolonial rule, lliey coulil express l.lieir
reli^ioUH opinionH willi safely, and woiHliiji liod in I lie manner l.hey
jiid;^'ed inoMt Heri|ihiral and ai'ee|ilalile. 'I'lie ^reiil, mereanlile lioiiMe of
William liayard A' <'oiii|iany wiih founded liy lliem, wliiitli for many yearn
lieid a poHilion in llie eomiiiereiiil world of Aniftriiwi second in nono,
excejit, |ierlia|iH, I liiil. of .Sle|ilieii I )e Laiicey A' ('oin|iany, of Ijial. cil.y.
Mr. liayard eiilered |,|ic service when very yoiiiij^, mm lie was only
twenty six years of a;<e at tlie close of the war, in ITH.'i, and at that tiiiK!
had I'eached the iiosilion of major in the ( >i'aii^e It.an^eiM, in which corpH
he Herveil. We cannol now lie (|uite lerlji.in at what time he (ir.Ht took
up his residence in the township, hut it was pr<ilialily ahoiit the year
|H()0. Ill- was lieiitenalil colonel of the Hoyal Nova Sitotia re^inieiit, ill
I7'.ir>. One of the (;om|.aiii"s of this re^^iment had its lieadi|iiarters in
the ciiiinly, and was cunimjiiided liy <'aplain Alexii.nder Ihiwe. It con
:,isted of four lieutenants I >e LaniM-y iSai'clay, .loseph Weeks, lieniaiiiin
.lanies and 'rimothv l!u;^;,des four Her;^ea,nts, four (corporals, three
drummers, and fifty live privates. The lirst mention I lind made of
him in our archives is contained in a letter written liy himself to the.
I lonouralile ( 'hai les Morris, and dated from Wilmot, litli Octolier, |K()|.
lie says :
"hrMi Sill, I'.y lliJH (liiy's |"'"l I liiivc liitiiMiiiitl.iMl a |ictil.iiili ti> Sir .loliii
U'i'iil Weill li, lur II ^raiit of tivc tlioiimiii'l ii< itm nl liiml for iiiyMcll iiml fntnily, as an
AliH-lliiili l.iiyii.li«l , iiliil IIM ii 1 iiiiiiiiiHMMiiicil Kii'lij olliiiT III. I lie iliiiir of llic war.
I'lcvloiiM lo my liiiviiij^ lliililiix ill Aii|<iihI IhhI , llin Kxiilliiiiy w/im iiIciihciI lo reply
lliiil III' would III I im|i. Ill lliii luiiyir of my |i<'l il.joii, Iml ilcHiiiil mi- to Hliitc in it lliii
riii'illiiMliiiii'i' of my mil hiiviiif^ re ■ > iij any Inml'i ii.m ii ||'i|iii:ciI oIliriT iiimI l.oynliHt,
l.o^i I lii'i- Willi my liaviiiK oliliiiiicd ..nlii fniin Lord Syihiiy, in tlic year l7Hf>, for
laiiili' for iiiyHi'll imil Inmily, wliicji was <llri'< Icil lo ( ioviillior I'arr, lit tlie tiiiii' I lial,
you were pleiiMi'il lo iii'iiintiieiiil to iih' I lie tract, ol IiiihIh in the towiiHlii|i of Wiliiiot,
on the Hay of Kiimly. .\1y fnenil, .Major 'riii'HJ«cr, will |iioi'iiie IIih I'lxceJleney'H
I oiiHciil for I lie ^raiil lieiiii^ iiiaile out, iiiiij lliioii^li liiiii I will hi'IhI t.li" piiyiiienl.
willioiit. ileliiy, iiM moll as I reieive infoi iiial ion tlieri'iif. Voiir attention to tlilH
imiMii' villi I'l lo till' olili)/iit loiiM iilieaily confeiieil on
" Voiii ohedieiit mi'I vailt,
" (Sij^ni'il), Hamiiki. \'. ItAVAiiii,"
IllsroitV <il' ANNAI'OI.IM. 285
'I'liri IiiikIm iMi'iilionrd in IJiIh IcI.l.tT wtu'd Hhoi'lJy iii'l.n'wiM'iJH f^tiuili-il l,i»
liiiii, uii'l II |iiii'l.iiiii III' iIk^iii yi-l. litrlnni^'H IdIiIh lifii'M. 'I'liry at'<i Hil.iiiil.i'il on
iJiiixoiilJi Miilti III' Ijiii riviM', ami iin- mh w<-II Ioiuwii lliiil. tlicy do iiul. iii'imI n
H|i<iciiil il<mri'i|il iiiM. ('iiliiiH'l liayai'ij ijiril Miiy'JllJi, iH.'t'J. 'riii)i'<wi|i|iiwirH
to iiiivii Imhmi liul' 1)1111 Hiiw mill in Wilinul, in I7h7; tur \\\f hiiw mill
lioiinl.y wiiH clainiiMl liy unly mio hwiht, himI iIiii.I uwmii' w/ih lli-iiry
' Miiiflliin, wliiiMi' I'liinily niiini- Iihh licciinn! vi-ry nunirriiim in l.liii cuitnty
anil iiiJjiiriMil. i'i-;{iiinH. In 17'.!'/, nn tin- 'tJHl Miurli, 'riidrniiH Milliilj^i', I'!hi|.,
<ini' III' iJii! ni<-MilMM'H III' I. III! AHst^niliJy tur llm iiiiint y anil rliairnian nl' a
niinniiloi- a|i|iiiinlrfi| I'nr l.liai. |iiii'|iiimi', i'i-|iiiii.<-ii In l.lii' lluiiHit in I'avniii' nl'
layin;( mil. a I'nai I /'/•(//;( Niflniix In lliilil'n.r.
A iiioiaiirliiily urriii ri-iifr l.iiiiK plari! al. |{.ca;{li'H (,'iisi' now Maf^ai'i^l.M
villr nn t.lin i;i>aHl. Ill' t.liit liay iil' l<'iinily, III llial. yiwir, in Uio wnck
Hi'|iiiral,in;^ < JliiiHliniiM I >ay I'min (lii^ Niw Yi^ar. Ailjoininj^ IIiIm rove, ami
t^Hli'iiiliii;^ liiirk iiil.ii (III? ruiinlry I'lii' sumo ilisl.ani;!', lay a l.i'art. iif land
liiil. r nlJy ;:;i'aiili'i| in iJn; llunuiir'alilii Miirl.ni' ilnlin llalliltni'Uiii," lint
I'alrlii'i' III' llir lal.i; Viuii-ralili^ (.'liirl' JiiMl.iiU! ilalliliiirl.un, nn wliirli a Hinall
rlcarin;^ liail licrn maili-, anil a Hinall liul> fii^rl.tMl, liy unit I'i'I.im' iSarni'H.
VVil.li \\\\h itxr(!|it.iiiii (Ju! wliiiln i'f;»iiiii fur many inil'tH ainnnil wiih a
(liitiHi! ami Mnl)i'iil<i'n wiliiriiii-HM. (Mi a liil.li-rly rnlil iii;^lil. at, l.lir t.iimt
iiliinn ri't'rri'iMJ |,ii, a Hinall Hrliiiuncr lii^lnn^in;^ t.ii (Joiriwallis ur liurt.iiii,
nn In^r |iaHMa;;f linwn iJii' day, wilh raii;{lil. in imi' nl' iJiiiMit vinlitnl/
norl.li i-iihI. hiihw Hlniiim, wliirli iinw anil lliitii hwi-<'|i nvi-r our itx|inHi-i|
coaHt.M wil.li Hiirli ilitvaHl.aliin;,{ liuwur, an<l licramn a svri'ck al, l.liiH plaiut,
ami nnt, vitry far frnin t.lm ilwflliii;^ of Karm^H ami liin wifr. 'I'liiH
vnHHi'l liail nix mhiiIh nn liiianl al. t.liit l,imii nf tliii iliHa.sl.i'r, t.liion nf wlinm
|H!i'iHliiti| in trying In irti'i'i'l ii, lamliii^ frnm t.lm Miramlril Hitlinnmtr, vvliilo
iJii! irtiiainin;^ l.liri'i^ rrai-ln-il Ijiit lariil in safi-l.y, iiiit. only to ilin in t.lii)
tiiii^lilioiirin;{ fnrcHl.M lii-t'ori' ilayli;<lit, hIioiiIiI nj(ain vinil, t,lm m^nmt of iJicir
alinoHt. mit'iiiMilniiH liiil. I,itm|iiiriiry I'Mi'iipi-. 'I'lirir lioilifH vvrrn imxi. ilay
fnuml Hl.ark frn/mi, ami ii'riiniii); a;^ainHl. iJiit Ihhi^Iih of tint l.rttitH, froiii
which \\\{'y ap|iitar(t)l lo liavit hoii^IiI. Hhitlri^r ami aiil ; ami whrti foiiml it.
liitcaiiM- i^vjilitnt. I.hat. Hnmit |i)trHnn hail lii-i-n t.liitri! In-fnrit, ami hail wri'iiithi'il
away ihr linj^i-r lin^H wniii liy nmi nf I.Im^iii, ami I lint, all lint valiialilitH nf
which l.hity ha.il liitni |inKMi'HMri|, if inilr.nl, l.hi'y hud any, had diHa|i|)i'at'itd,
and NUH|iii;i(>n nf tin- fmil di-i-d |'i-|| ii|iiin Itarntts. In fiutt., lint lo^ttml cnn
fiititl.itd with IIiIh iiiflamtholy cvitnt., itiirntnt. in t.hal. Hcittion nf tint county
in l.lnt vvi'il.itr'H linyhniid, allirim'd t.hal. in tin- intiti'MilH of lint howlin^^H of
l/liit t,itin|HtHl/ in t.hal. fi-arfiil nij^ht., hit had lii'ard lint rriits of t.ln-Kit <lyill^
until Ohi'ir ri'inaim wi'rr. found not. far frnin iii.'i hut) and had gone out. ab
tint ntijintHl. of Ihh wil'i- to oH'ir aid and Hintltttr, liiil, that, hit had ntl.urnitil
' A Miir^i'iiii III I III' tSiiliiili iiiivy iliiiinp; I hi' ii'vuIiiIiiim. | l'il>. |
236 lllsroKY OK ANNAI'OIJS.
aftor n (JonHideruhlo alwonco, sayinj^ tlicy liud ln'in miHtakon in tin- soiinils
tlit^y li.'id licani, nr tli(iii<,'lit llii-y liad liis'ird, as lie coidd not licai' aiiylliin;{
vlicn outside. TIk' If^^cud, liowi-vci-, atliriiicd lliat lie liad found tJKWii
alivo, though Npccchlt'ss ; that he liad <h'lihf;rately I'ohlx'd tht-ni, and hift
them to meet their fate. There is hut little douht that the le;,'en(hiry
facts did not run <|uite j)arallel with the real ones; hut it is eertaui tiiat
he was shunned as lliouj^h he liad heen guilty, and his (h'lith, or ratluir
the manner of it, which occurred neai'iy twcMity yeai's afttirward, was by
many looked ufxtn as a confirmation of his assumed guilt. It was on a
j)re(;isely similar night of storm that he left the tavern of William Pearco,
near what is now known as Middieton, and was never sec^n alivc^ again.
Tlie gale of wind howled fearfully, and the Minding snows wcmc heapeil
into huge drifts in the highways during the night, and in tin? morning
his hody was f(»und in a field near the highway, a stiffened cor])se. lit; wa.s
the first settler at Margaretsvillc, was an Irishman hy birth and married,
but left no d(\scendaiits.
On the meeting of the Houses of Assemhly in .June, 1 790, a petition was
presenteil to it, signed by Nathaniel Parker, l'\)ster Woodl)ury, and
others, praying for aid to the Liverpool 'load, stating that "tin; peti-
tioners had cut the saints from Nietaux toward Liverpor>l one-half the
distancf!, and that the inhabitants of (Queens County had cut out the
remaining half." The initial work on this h^ngthy highway was theie-
fore done in 179H. A heavy Hre swept over a j)ortion of this township
in 1800 which did considerable damage to buildings and crops, esj)ecially
to the latter, and in consei|uen(;e thereof, Alden Bass and others peti-
tioned th(! AssemV)ly in June of the following yeai- foi- relief. The con-
flagration was accidtmtal and took place in August. The petitioner Pass
was the son of Joseph Pass, a grantee in Anna[)olis township, and was a
nephew of the Right Rev. Dr. Pa.ss, the first Episcopal Pishoj) of Massa-
chusetts. This family was, I suspect, connected by marriage with the
Aldens of Poston.
In 1801 the first "Payard bridge" seems to have Ijeen under construc-
tion, the commissioners for building it being John Ruggles and Nathaniel
Parker. Mr. Ruggles and Mr. do Saint Croi.x were the commissioner's
of highways from Aylesford to Hicks' Ferry (Pridgetown) this year for
the expenditure of £50, granted in 1799. In the same year the road
from Nietaux leading to Farnungton had been laid out, as will appear
from the petition of Colonel James Eager, who states a jury had assf\ssed
damages to the amount of £60 in his favour for the land taken from him
to locate tl road, but which had not been paid to him. Elias Wheelock,
in 1801, had been engaged in making extensive explorations of the
country between Wilmot and Iiunenl)urg, with a view to laying out a
road from the former to the latter place, and in 1802 petitioned to be
IIISTOIJY (IK ANN'AI'OMS. 237
rcmunrinitcrl for his scivicns, iind tlio Asst!ml)ly ^^ranti^d liiiii the sum of
i;2.'i 4h. CxI. Williiiin IJcnt, Ksi|., of fiiiiidiso, hy [X'titioii iiskfd flin
Ij(!;^i.slfitiii'(', ill I SOJ, for aid t,o Imild a hrid^^i' ovcf tin! AriiiajMilis llivcrab
that |)oiiit, and tlio AHsciiihly hy resolution af,'n'cd (o <^vi\.i\l CliOO toward
the ol)jf(!t, on lh<( condition that £100 .should \h: jirovidod by the
inhabitants interested. The sum of 1'70 was j,'ranted diirinj^ the sanus
s(!ssioii to secure two alterations in the hij^liway leadin;^ throuj^h tho
township towar<l Halifax, which were <lescril)ed as follows; "To
commence ut tlu; tp of the west l>aiik of Dunn's brook, and fiom thence
to run nearly v caiglit t(» Hackleton's house on tim north si<le of th(! rctad,
an<l from th iittlt^ biook east of Philip Thome's house to the twenty-
third mile )oard opposite! the house of the Rev. Mr. WiHwall." On
July !•■ IHOl, Mr. Millidj,'e mov(!d a resolution in the As.sembly "to
C()' h^r of the speedic^st means of setMiring settiei's on tli«! new road to
Li erpool." This led to the a|i[)ointment of a commi.ssioniir to locate
settlers and superintend all matters necessary to Ih' (htne to insure speedy
and permanent settlement. The conunissioner chosen was Nathaniisl
Parker, whose report on the pro;,'ress made the reader will find in exOnmn
in the history of tin? district of New Albany.
In June, 1803, William I'ent and otluMs, of I'aiadise, in a memorial
to the Lefjisiature, inform th(! House* that they "have nuide impiove-
ments on the nt^w huids at the foot of the North Mountain, in W'ilmot,
but being indigent art; unable to make a road to the Post Hoad, and they
asked foi' assistance on that account. There therefore appears to have
b(!(!n IK) " l^eonard I{oad " uj) to that time, l>ut it was soon afterwards
laid out and constructed. The Assembly granted £10 toward it at this
time.
In the same year William liobin.son and others, "proprietors of lands
on the road leading from " Nictau.x Falis " to " Hirch Oove"(?) applied
for aifl for this rfiad, and for the passage of an Act to compel abscint
proj)rietors to pay for, or f)e!'form, statut(! labour." In ISO'J, Phini-as
Millidge, who was one <tf the de[)Uty surveyois for tin; county, was
employed in the survey of a section of the Liverpool Koad, with a party
of assistants, consisting of Nathaniel Parker, Joseph Mortr)n, John
McCormick, (ieorge Harvcsy and (ieorge lUichanan, who applied for
compensation for losses sustained by fire while cairying forward their
survey. Their clothing was destn)yed by one of their camps taking fire
in their absence, and the Assembly granted £30 10s. to Ixi distributed
among them in i)roportion to their loss«!s. A nisolution j)assed the House
during the same session to the effect that a sum not exceeding thirty
pounds be granted to Elias Wlieelock, surveyor, to be expended in
exploring a road to commence from the end of said Wheelock's marke^d
238 IIISTOIY OF ANNAPOLIS.
rcMwl, through the lots jjran^ed to lloheit Dickson* and othi^s, in 1796,
totho miiin loiul Icadinj^ to Halifax.!
In 1805 ncnjaniin Hicks, Ann l)o(l<,'o and Sarah Leonard, " inn-
koopers of Annapolis and Wilinot," applied to liie Assenildy to ho
icinihursed in the sum of £.17 for losses sustained hy them in subsisting
His Majesty's troops while on a march ;" whereupon Mr. Millidge
<tl)tained iisive to inti'oduce a hill to provide for the payment of expenses
incurred in the removal of troops. Mrs. Leonai'd was the widow of the
late .Jonathan Leonard, <if Paradise, and the mother of the late Seth
liconard, of that place, a highly respected magistrate of the township.
Mrs. Dodge was the widow of Asahel Dodge, the founder of the tavern,
so long known in later years as tiiblxm's. Both these families were of
preloyalist origin.
In December of this year, Elias Wheelock prayed the Legislature to
grant him the sum of £91 to reimburse him for the expenses incurred
and labour performed in exploring the country between Annapolis,
Halifax and Lunenburg. This gentleman was one of the most active and
intelligent pioneers in road location and construction, and to his energy
and almost tii'eless j)ersevprance, the people of South Wilmot were
indebted for the benefits derived from the road systems devised and
inaugurated through his efforts in the latter years of the last, and the
first years of the present century. He lived to a green old age, and some
of his children yet survive and reside in the township, of whom Thomas
0. Wheelock, of Middleton, is one.
Below the reader will find a list of the names of the farmers in
Wilmot who claimed the liounty created by the Act 46, Geo. Ill , for
clearing and seeding lands. The proofs (as to acres cleared) were
presented to a court of special sessions of the peace, held at Annapolis,
June 22nd, 1807.
Acres
Name. cleared.
Joliii Reagh (ij
David Nicliols 4|
Matthow Roach 10^
Jolm Foster '2;J
Jacob Fritz 7 J
Daniel Durland 74
(Jeorge Hawkesworth 3
John Elliott 7^
Caleb Sloconil} 5J
* Mr. Dickson was a Loyalist gentleman, and succeeded Alexander Howe as
Collector of Customs at Annapolis, in September, 1797. He was also one of the
early RherifTs of the county. He died in 1808, leaving several daughters but no
male heirs. One of the daughters married the late Silas Hoyt. Jesse Hoy t, Esq.,
of Stellarton, was a great-grandson of Mr. Dickson.
tThe Bloomington, or Peter Morse Road, is indicated.
Acres
Name. cleared.
Abel Marshall 5J
William .Merry 3i
James Hanks 5J
Henry Balcomb 7i
<ieorge Bowlby 4^
Reuben Balcomb 5^
Henry Banks 8J
Conrod Osinger 2ji
l'a\il Chesley 9.^
HISTORY OF ANN'APOrjS.
2:19
Name,
JoNcph ISi'owii
John (Iroptt'v
Hriiiy Muiiiiy
.IdIiii Wisswall. .
iSaiMuel itrown
•John Noily, jiiii. . . .
Sannicl |)(nl;^e
Samuel (iules
(icorgo Stronadi . . .
AmoH (iat !H
Olilhaiii (iatt!H
•lat'oli HaktT
K/t'kiel Hrowii, juti.
Tlionias (iiitt's
•lainos (Jatfs
Froderio Morton . . .
Rolterl Noily
JdIiii liakor, jtiii . .
John VVanl
Hi'iiiy Hohinson . . .
Kl)eni.'/er Fails
Joseph Dulling . . . .
Ac*'!'?*
I'luari'il.
in
Naini
AiTI'H
I'li'ureil.
4.t
Hi
4
"']
4t
■»:i
Hi
17]
41
4
3.i
I ThoMiaH Dulling S'J
•lohn Sidi'onih, mn\ fl^
I Ja.ol. MiM.T 4.^
' Josrph Stiik 2^
' KoliiMHcin lU'aiil.slijy 3]
I (hark'N Worthylakc '2\
t'hriMlophcf HolHor 9:^
John Slncoinl), juii Hh
• CharloM Kohortson 5
Chaili'M t'ook 2^
John Chcsley Ti.J
Joseph Neily 9^
Asa CMiesley t54
'PhonuiH Hanks ... H^
Tiniolliy I'aikor . 11^
Donald Logan U
Henry Itoherts 3
/elmlon Dulling 3^
Daviil Shiiw. . IS.J
Lott I'himiey 144
Thomas Clark 4^
Asa Longley 2J
The amount Hubscribed by the people of Wilinot to tlie Patiiotie Fund
in 1815 was $78.90, by forty seven contributors.
Early in 1819 a movement was .set on toot in Wilmot to liave that
townsliip .severed from Annapolis with tiu; view to the erection of a nt>w
county to be formed by its union with the township of Aylesfoid, wiiich
was to be .separated from Kings County. I tliink this action was, to a
considerable degree at least, the work of the late Colonel Samuel V.
Bayard, already mentioned, as the ])etition appears to be in his hand-
writing. It was contemplated that all that part of the county lying to
the south of Wilmot, and not included in any other township, should be
included. This seems to have been a very popular movement, and no
doubt had its origin in the diHiculty and expense of transacting certain
public business at Annapolis, over thirty miles distant, and it is presumed
it was — for like reasons — etjuall}' agreeable to the Aylesford peoj)le, as
they were separated by a similar distance from their county town —
Kentville. It certainly was a severe tax upon witnesses, jurymen and
magistrates to attend the courts, which were all held in the county town;
besides, the condition of the roads, not then as now, thoroughly drained
and made smooth, rendered their attendance a labour of considerable
magnitude, while the loss of time was felt as a still gieiter consideraticm
by the struggling farmers of the remote settlements. The petition is
dated February 3rd, 1819, and was signed by 217 persons, constituting
a great majority of the people then living there.
'240 msTuKV (»!' ANN MM »|, IS.
Ill IH'J7 till' |in|iiiliitii)ii lit' the towiisliip i)t' WiliiMit, wiiH 'J,'-'91; (|iiaiility
oMiiimI ciilliMiIrd, ."i,l!((» luiTs ; imiiiiIht hI" Iioiscs, 'JL'H ; limiH'd ciiltli',
•J,l.i:> ; slic.|i, 1,17.1 ; swill.', l.lil'T. In IHl'.H ..r |S-J!Mlic l.ivak wiitn- iit
I'nrt (!ciii-;;c was liciiiiii. Ki'ii^ilTH ('uvi' M(»w .Mar),'Jir('ls\illc wiis iipply-
\uH fniiiid III a |iirr in l.s.lu. In 1 HUfi tliirt y iiiiif |»'imomm, of whom cli-vni
MmmI ill llif valli V, sulisiiilii'd !?I7<> towiird tin- <'<iiM|ili'liiiii of llic new
|ii<T at what is now rallrd I'ort, liOinn, l)iit. then known as .MaiHliiiU's
Cove, lliiiidh-y and Ali-xiiiidfr Stiunill, hciidinj,' t.hi! Msl, with .*I0 caih,
and |{i'\. It. \V. Ciiiiiiiiii^haiii and ;;i'\t'ial olhrr.s t'ollowin^ with $'2i) iiui'li.
In JMIIM a pflilion t'<»r j^ovfiiinifnt aid to this wharf st't. forth that- in
this cove "ihric is a ^;ood hoiriiiji,' liili'-iy, and fair (•<mI (ishin^ on thu
lidiiks a few miles olT;" that tin- petit ionrrs have <).\pcinii'd aheady ifHOO
in the const iiict ion of a lireakwatrr to fa<'ilitalf th«! [inisecnition of the
lishery, and to t-iialili' them to load and unload vessels at lialf tide, et.<'.,
and say that tiie coinpletion of the work will lie iienefieial to the jieople
of tiie .settlemiMits of ('laretu;e and on the I'ost Itoad, and also those on
the HOiith side of the river, in the exportation of cordwiKKl, iiiiiilter, stoek
and farm produce, 'i'liey also declare it to lie the fittest jila(;e lietweeii
Hall's harlior in Kind's (ounty and " l>i;,d<y (iiit" for a pier.
The following,' was written liy oiir author in iM'Jtj;
MII»I)LKT(»N.
In IH.'? I there were t wo dwell in;(iiouses, possibly three, on tlm site of the
liandMotne villai^e now hearing the naiiu! of .Middlelon. Mesides thesis tliero
was a little store or shop of I he dimensions of some I'J x If) feet, in wliicli
tiie post ollice was kept, and in which nun, tobacco and pipes, witii a few
<ither articloH, were kept on sale. ( )ne of those houses svas iist-d as an inn,
and there, on Saturday afternoons, it was the custom of many of the
farmers in the \iciiiily to iner-t for the purpose of f^leaniiif^ the news of
tiie past week and havinj^ a ;;o<Mi scicial time. Liiiuor was freely indulj^ed
in, and .sometimes, us usual everywiiere, to excess. M<ist of th(^se people in
tiiose far-off days came to tlie "corner," as it was then called, on horse-
i«ick, in c<inse(|nence of wiiidi it was not unusual on t.iiese occasions to
S(!C some dozen or two of horses hitcliiid t(i tlie nei^lil)ourin;{ fences, and
tlio mcsritsor domeritHof these animals fro(|uentiy \c(l to warm diseussions,
and hc^ts were f»ft<'n freely made and readily accepted to run races. A
strai^jiit half-mile road led from tlm inn eastward, and tiii.s was usimI as a
race-course. .\t the lie-^inninj; of the latter iialf of tiie century a mani-
fest chanjjr- liecanw! noticeahle liotii in tiie jiciople and tlie surround in j»s of
the corner. More thrift and f^reater ttfinperance [irevaiied. The little
store <,'ave place to one of imicii f^reater size. Mr. William Alexander
Fowler, a younj.^ man of ;^ood business ability, a Jiative of JJridgetown,
MISTOUV ul' AWAI'OI.IS. 241
('iiiiiiiii'iii')'<| liiisitii-sH lliiT)' in |M|.s, iiiul siiiiii litiilt iijui Hih' triulc A fi'w
yciiiH niilirr, 'rimiiiiiM ( ', VV'lM'fltick Ih)ii;;IiI |(i«i|i('rty in 1 1 mlny<» villii>{f,
fiiiil Ih'i'iuim' mil' lit' its t'diiiiili'i's. ( >lli)>t's, ilcMtli'il til iiii'i'liiinical ti'iulfH,
HiHtii tiiiiiil»-i'ril I lii'iiiHi-l vi'H iiiMoti;^ III)' iiiliJiliilants, mill I'si'iylxiily lii';{iiri
to liiok t'lii'wanl til till- liiiijiliii^ ii|> lit' a i-oiiMii|*'raliic tuwu. A |iii)ili<'
iniM-liii;^ sviiN riilinl t'lii' till' |iiii'|iiist> lit' I'liiMisin^ u iiiiiiH' till' it., iiiiil it
is said llif lair lii-v. .laiiii's IJiiini'tsdii, I.lj.h., llim riilur nl' t lie parish,
Miiy^rslnl (In- iiiitiii' wliii'li it iHiw lii'iii's. 'riii- ri'iiMiih assi;;ii('il till' its
a(l<i|it:iiiii was llial tin- \illii;,'i' was iii-ariy tlif iiiiiiway |»iiiiil iM'twci'ti
Atiiia)Milis Koyal and Kfiitvillr. At lliis tiiiii' a iii-w and rniiitiiiidiniis
liiilrl was ci'i'ctcd and otln'i' ItiiildiiiLts cDiist nirti-d, and a ipfi'ind nt' run-
sidcraliii' j^rowtli i-nsiii'd mi tin- i'mii|il('timi nt tlii' W. >V /\. Kailway,
wliii'li has riinliimrd dnwn tutlir pfi'scnt limit'. In t'arl, takmi altn^i^llii'i',
till) riso of Middlftiin has lii'i'ii tnm'i' ra|iiil and innt'f siilistanlial than any
otlifc fit' mif tosvns in tlicrminly. A nrw and (•mniiindimis si-hoollimiHi',
with arrmninodatimi fiic srvci'al di'|iatl iih'IiIs, lia- Iktii lately I'miipji'lrd
and is ninv iii'rn|(ii'd. hMctm' S. N. Millfi' has tindrf rmistiiictinn a lai'j^t!
and handH<ini<> drii^ Ntortt and nUicfs. ('rnaki't', l).l)S., has a line new
dwcllin;^ ni-ariiiLC runiplctinii, and a new railway statiun and cni^ini' liotisn
for tilt! N. S. ( ;. Kailway havi- Itccn criTti-d,
Since till! death of the ''.utlior, the \ illa<;e of Middleton has made a
phenomenal advance in j^rowth, heauty and jirosperity. The niiinlier of
new and hanilsmne dwelling.; houses that have lieeii put up diirin;; I Kit I
and liS',).') has proliahly Itei'ii unprecedented in any part of the county in
the Hiiin»! space of time. Th«! continued successful development of tin;
iron mines at Torlirook and the openin;^ of the Nova Scotia Central Kail
way in IHH!), have much uontriltiiled to this rapiii and ;{ralifyin;{ advaiKM!.
An excf;ll(!nt water .system was introduiu'd into the village in 1K!)1, aiu] a
newspaper called tlie Outlook was estalilished in thti \illage in IHiM.
Among tilt! pleasing features that hroke, to tli« eyo of the traveller l»y
till! old stage ('oai'lies, the iiioiiot.miy of straggling farm-houses between
Bridg(!t,own and Kentville, was the venerahle pine grov(!, since grown
smalh^r by degrees, but not " beautifully h^ss," and I he threes churtihes that
seemed to nestht peaci^fully under its sluidow theC(iur(!li of Kngland, the
Haptist and the Methodist. The spiinging up of Middleton, three-fourths
of a milt! farth(;r east, has ri^sulted in he abandonment of i\w two former
churches for new ones in the midst of the new centre of population, and
the Mtithodist ohi'ich was, in the year 1H9(), moved iMxiily eastward a
considerable distance. Tlie new lOpiscopal cliurch was (irst oitened in
OcU)l)or, 1H93.
16
242 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
*
TORBROOK AND TORBROOK MINES,
Indicative of the modern growth of the eastern section of the county,
we have now the post-ottice names Torbrook and Torbrook Mines, to dis-
tinguish two important centres in the district east of the Nictaux River,
and formerly included in the general designation Nictaux. It was at the
Falls of the Nictaux River that the iron mined in the region east of it
was smelted, some forty or fifty years ago, by a London company, of which
Charles D. Archibald, son of the Hon. S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the
Rolls of this province, was a promoter, but aft«r being operated for ten
or fifteen years the mines were abandoned and the works suflPered to
decay. Just before the completion of the railway another company took
up leases, but abandoned the design of reopening and developing the
mines. In 1890, Robert G. Leckie, Esq., General Manager of the London-
derry Iron Company, undertook the work with more intelligence and
skill, and with better facilities than the old company, and soon discovered
valuable seams of hematite unknown to all former prospectors. Active
operations were commenced in 1891, and a branch railway built to con-
nect them with the Windsor &, Annapolis, now the Dominion-Atlantic
Railway. Down to 1894 four shafts had been sunk, and all the
modern improved methods and machinery appplied. In 1891 the output
was about twenty tons per day; in 1893, seventy tons; and in 1894 it
had reached 130 tons. In two or three years from the beginning of the
new operations twenty dwellings had sprung up in the vicinity of the
mines, besides the many erections necessary to carry on the complex works
in a modern spirit of enterprise,
MARGARETSVILLE.
Railways, while they benefit one section of a country, may sometimes
do so at the expense of another. Margaretsville was once the scene of a
considerable export trade, but the produce of the mountain and valley,
wood, lumber, fruit, etc., which in old times was conveyed to the ports
on the Bay of Fundy shore for shipment, after 1869 sought an outlet by
the Windsor & Annapolis Railway at Annapolis and other ports tapped
by that line. Hence these places, Margaretsville, Port George and Port
Lome, have not kept pace with the villages in the valley and the towns at
the termini of the railway. A branch rail. .1 connecting at Middleton
would soon restore to Margaretsville its old-time prosperity.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE TOWNSHIP OF CLEMENTS.
Grant of tho township — Villages — NameR and notices of grantees and settlers —
Capitation tax list of 1791 — New families — The lierring fishery — Allain'a River
bridge — Bear River, past and present — Notes by the Editor on the place
names.
THIS township was created in 1784, by a grant to George Sutherland
and two hundred and forty others, mostly German Loyalists, or to
speak more correctly, German troops, who had been in the service of the
Crown against the revolted colonies, and who came to Nova Scotia
after the Peace of 1783. It is bounded on the north by the Annapolis
Basin, and River ; on the east by the township of Annapolis, and
other lands of the county ; on the south by other lands of the county ;
and on the west b;^ the township of Digby — or what was the township
of Digby until the county of that name was erected, after which the
new township of Hillsburgh formed its western boundary. It is nearly
in the form of a square, and contains much fine land, though it is
generally believed to be inferior in its agricultural capabilities to some
of its sister townships. Bear River, or more properly Imbert's River,
now its western boundary for some distance, is a fine stream forming
the outlet to the sea of a system of beautiful lakes in the interior portion
of this section of the Province, and whose shores have, of late years,
resounded with the lumberman's axe, and whose waters have been utilized
to float the timber there procured to the many mills, nearer to its mouth,
which are employed in turning them into boards, deals and scantlings for
the markets of Europe, Brazil and the Weat India Islands.
There are two settlements in the western part of this division of the
county, called respectively the " Waldeck " and " Hessian " Lines,* whicli
were originally begun by the disbanded Waldeckers and Hessians, who
sought refuge here at the close of that revolutionary struggle which their
best efforts had failed to bring to a successful conclusion, an issue then
so ardently desired by Great Britain. These settlements are formed on
* The Hessian Line settlement is now called Clementsvale. — [Ed.]
244 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
lines parallel to each other and two miles apart, their direction being
nearly east and west, and are still, in part, cultivated by their descendants,
who, at this day, are scarcelj' distinguishable from the other inhabitants
by any peculiaritj* of language or custom, a fact that may be accounted
for by another, namely, that the English tongue only has been taught in
the schools theie, while intermairiages with the settlers of British origin
have been constant and common. In the list of original grantees' names
which is given in this chapter, the reader will observe that a considerable
portion of them are English, Irish, or Scotch, .so that, from the beginning,
the elements of such a fusion existed and began to operate, and the results
referred to have been gradually though certainly produced.
Clements is admirabl}- watered. Its chief stream, next to that of
Bear River, which, as I have before said, forms its western boundary,
is Moose Kiver, wiiich divides it from north to south into two not very
unequal parts, and it contains two ver}' picturesque villages — Clements-
port and Bridgepoit, the latter being separated by Bear River from its
charming sister village of Hillsburgh, in the County of Digby. The village
possesses ship-yard.s, several shops, and Episcopal and Wesleyan churches,
and a noble school-house, and is surrounded Ijy a fine agricultural district.
It is situated about four miles from the basin, at the head of the tide
flow, and vessels of considerable size can come to and depart from its
wharves. Agricultural produce is shipped thence to St. John, N.B. ;
cordwood to the United States, and lumber to the West Indies and
Brazil.
Clementsport, about eight miles distant to the north and eastward, is
built at the head of the tide waters of Moose River, and is veiy prettily
situated in a sort of ravine through which the river, after passing under
the arch of a fine stone bridge, finds its way to the Annapolis River,
which it enters through a large tidal mouth, of sufficient depth to admit
the passage of large-sized vessels, many of which have been from time to
time constructed in its ship-yards. The village nestles itself lovingly at
the feet of the surrounding picturesque hills, but is suthciently elevated
above the level of the river to afford fine views to the northward and
eastward. It is built on both sides of the stream and has a neat Episcopal
church in its eastern division, near which stands the school-house — a fine
structure, being one of the most substantial and commodious in the
county.
It was in this village, over seventy years ago, that a company was
formed under the auspices of two American gentlemen, for the working
of the valuable iron mines in its neighbourhood. Smelting furnaces were
constructed, and coalsheds and other buildings necessary to their object
erected. The beds of iron ore which they worked are situated to the
southward of the village, and at a distance of about three miles from it.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 245
In a file of the Acadian Rerordor for 182"), it was stated that the shares
of the " Annapolis Mining Company " were selling at a considerable
premium, and that its success was therefore well assured. Messrs. Alger
and Jackson,* the gentlemen above alluded to, were possessed of much
scientific knowledge, and were experienced and practical mineralogists.
They made a very thorough examination of the mineral deposits of Digby
Neck, and the north mountain range eastward to Blomidon.
From some unexplained cause the furnaces were allowed to cool with
their metallic contents in them, and they were in consecjuence abandoned
and doomed to remain idle and unproductive for more than a quarter of
a century. Much money was at that time expended upon these works,
and a heavy loss must have been sustained by the community as well as
by the shareholders and mortgagees. It may as well be stated here as
elsewhere, that in 1857 or 1858, these works were reopened and worked
under the ownership and control of a Bangor, Me., asscjciation, with con-
siderable success until 1862, when the increasing scarcity of gold and
advanced values (owing to the breaking out of the American rebellion) put
a stop to them again.
Among the industries of this township must be reckoned the herring
fisheries which have been, and still are, of considei'al)le value.
Weirs are annually put up on the sand-bars and Hats that exist along
its coast, and the cost of outlay and construction is very frequently
rewarded by valuable catches of that most delicate of the herring family
— "the Digby chicken." The fattest of these are generally cured in
salt, and the inferior fjualities are smoked and sent to market in boxes,
containing about one hundred of theni in number to each box, and are
readily sold in the markets of the Dominion, and in those of other
countries. This fishery is not confined to tiie shores of this township
alone, but extends to those of Granville, Hillsburgh and Digby, and has
been the subject of much contention among the inhabitants from an early
period aftef their first settlement. An account of these disputes and of
the confiicting policies of the government in regard to these fisheries,
forms a curious and not uninteresting chapter in the history of the county,
and the rader will find references made to them in that portion of this
work rela.ing to Granville.
I will here introduce to the reader an authentic list of the names of
men to whom the first grant of this township was made, in 1 784. The
asterisk before the name indicates those only whose descendants are
known to live within the boundaries of the two counties at the present
day. The list has been carefully copied from a draft of the grant still
preserved in our archives, and for convenience of reference has been
arranged in alphabetical order :
* Dr. Jackson, mentioned on page 11, note.
246
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
*Ayniai', James.
Aduin.-i, IMiillip.
Austen, Hteplien.
AditniH, Chailex.
AUaii', Peter Alexander.
Anderson, .Junathan.
Ball, Benjamin.
Baker, Samuel.
Burns, John.
Bean, John.
Brown, James.
Brown, Charles.
Baizelay, William.
Baizelay, Abraham.
•Bonnett, Isaiic.
Bonnett, David.
Balm, Christopher.
Bischopp, George.
Brandon, Conrad.
Breher, Jacob.
Bruen, Jacob.
Brown, Andrew.
*Bogart, Thunis.
Balmer, Benedict.
Botsford, Amos.
*Bailey, Rev. Jacob.
Boehnie, Frederic.
Bockling, Phillip.
Bertner, Phillip.
*Benson, Christopher.
*Benson, Christopher, jun.
Brunsmaid, Samuel.
*Bogart, Cornelius.
Boehner, Henry.
Bawdon, Thomas.
Bishop, John.
*Boehler, Jacob.
Buckler, Andrew.
Butler, William.
Bawt, John Adam.
Brevoort, Klias.
Callaghan, Widow.
*Cornwell, George, Esq.
Cahern, Henry.
Caldwell, James.
Coughtory, John.
Chandler, Joshua.
Carl, Phel>e.
Coifman, Michael.
ComiiKindingo, Ludovic.
Calner, John.
Clark, Scott L.
Cluise, John.
Campbell, Malcom,
Cagne}-, John.
Clark," Mrs.
Cox, Thomas.
Dobbs, John.
*Davoue, Frederic.
De Coudre, Louis.
DemoUiter, Captain
[Christian.
Duryea, .Samuel.
Duryea, John
Dewry, Joseph,
Damont, Mary.
*Ditmars, Capt. Douwe.
Davenport, Thomas.
Dalhen, John.
Elbridge, .Tames.
Eager, Widow.
Excellius, Ignatius.
*Everett, Jacob.
Ensenburg, Frederic.
Eberhard, Christian.
Engstroppe, Peter.
Euler, Conrad.
Etzner, Nicholas.
Flack, John.
*Fowler, Jonathan.
Fraser, Francis.
Florentine, Abram.
Florentine, Thomas.
Giesler, Joseph.
Gunzel, Henrick.
Goety, Christian.
Gunn, George.
Grootres, Christian.
Greiser, August.
Gallagher, Andrew.
Garnet, Peter.
Gorbe, John.
Hardenbrook, John.
Hardenbrook, Nicholas A.
Holmes, Cornelius.
Heaton, Peter.
Hutciiins, James.
*Harris, Myndert.
HHrdeid)rook, Catherine.
Hupender, Piiillip.
Hertriek, John Conrad.'
Hornefler, An<h'eas.
Herno, Fred. Christian.
Hartman, Anton.
Hamm, I'eter.
Hennay, Thomas.
*Hick8, Charles.
Hammill, Daniel.
* Hicks, John.
Hessenbrook, Andrew.
Husted, Jonathan.
Hardenbrook, Capt. Abel,
Holland, William.
Hart, Hendrick.
Harrison, Thomas.
•Holdsworth, James A.
*James, Benjamin, Esq.
Jargar, John.
Johnston, Adam.
Jacob, John.
Klapper, Jacol).
Krair, George.
Knischild.
•Kervin, Terence.
Kohn, John.
Klingsocker, Julius.
Klingsocker, Christian.
Kerm, Christian.
Kerm, Nicolaus.
Livesay, Ebenezer.
Lawson, John.
Lounds, James.
Lounds, Matthew.
Lounds, Thomas.
Lounds, James, jun.
*Lent, Abraham.
*Long, Alexander.
Lawrence John.
McNamara, John.
•Miller, Peter.
McFarrier, James.
Montgomery, Joseph.
HISTORY OF ANXAPOLIS.
247
•Miirrison, John.
Rapiiljo, J.
Smith, James.
Musmibro, Froderic.
Ryarson, Matthew.
Mcdregor, Alexaniler.
Rubue, John.
•Totten, Joseph.
'Morehouse, John.
•Ryarson, Francis, jun.
•Totten, Peter.
Rusuall, James.
Turner, John.
Nugent, Michuel.
•Ryarson, John F.
•Troniper, Hendrick.
•Ryarson, (Jeorge.
•Totten, Joseph, jun.
Offery, William.
•Ryarson, Francis.
Tippett, (iilbert.
Oruhard, George.
Tusher, George.
Owing, Francis.
Schlaebuum, Frantz.
Taylor, Elijah.
Oestnian, Jacob.
Schade, Joliannus.
Taylor, Nicholas.
Smith, John.
Tarrant, William.
•Perrot, James.
Stewart, John.
Turner, Florian.
•Potter, Jo8ei)h.
Shaver, Ditmars.
Smith, Peter.
Van Bueren, Kaman.
Perreau, Peter D.
•Street, Ebenezer.
Verilum, Anthony V.
Peak, Samuel.
•Street, Samuel.
Van Kover, Lawrence.
Porteus, John.
Seidlar, Andrew.
Van Kover, Lawrence, jun,
Poije, Thomas.
Schopp, George.
•Van Bueren, James.
•Picket, Caspar.
Schultze, Gilbert.
Van Bueren, James.
•Polhemus, John.
Smith, Joseph.
Parr, John.
Sproach, Samuel.
Weidman, Valentine John,
•Purdy, Gilbert.
Sproal, William.
Wilmot, .James.
•Purdy, Josiah.
Stocking, Frederic.
Wendell, Wilhelm.
* Purdy, Anthony.
Smith, James.
Wright, D.
Sutherland, George.
Wyman, Christopher.
*Quereau, Joshua.
Sutherland, O'SuUivan.
Wessenborn, John.
Schlf.'nbeck, Michael.
Wagner, Nicholas,
Ruen, Icha.
Scok, Frederic.
Willing, Charles.
Ross, Alexander.
Strickland, Frederic.
Watt, Thomas.
Rollo, Captain.
Smith, Joshua.
♦Robblee, Thomas.
Sec, John.
Zenava, Edmund.
Of the persons whose names have been asterisked, I am able to
furnish the following particulars : The de.scendants of Aymar live in the
County of Digby, and those of the Bonnetts (who came from New
Rochelle, N. Y., and were of Huguenot origin), in Annapolis ; one of
them being the late High Sheriff of the county, and another a leading
merchant and shipowner of Bridgetown. These gentlemen were brothers,
and sons of the late David Bonnett. The former married a daughter of
the late William Gilbert Bailey, barrister-at-law, and granddaughter of
the late Rev. Jacob Bailey ; the latter espoused a daughter of the late
Joshua de Saint Croix, for many years the owner of the Mount Pleasant
(now Ruffee) farm, near Bridgetown, and has issue. The Sheriff had no
issue. The Bogarts, whose progenitors were from New York, have long
been domiciled in western Granville and Bridgeport, and the descendants
of Benson (who was a captain in the Rangers, and from the old colony
of New York) are scattered, and not now very numerous. The grand-
248 Hisrouy of annapolis.
children of the bluff old (ieriimii, Jacob Roehler. are to he found in this,
their native township ; while those of the American Ijoyalist, Cornwell,
are to be gathered from both counties. One of his grandsons was long
settled in the district of Clarence West, in the township of Granville ;
others are to be found in various parts of Digby County.
The children and grandchildren of Frederic Davoue (who was a West
Chester Lo^-alist, and lived at New Rochelle, where he hiul a farm of
three hundred acres of land, which was confiscated by the Htate of New
York, and given to Tom Paine, the infidel) are to be sought for both
within and without the limits of the county. Mr. Davoue was a lead-
ing merchant in the town of Annapolis for many years. One of his
daughters waS the wife of Captain .John Robertson, lately deceased at a
very advanced age, and many years ago a member of the House of
Assembly, and another was the mother of Doctor Forties, first
representative of Queens County in the House of Commons of Canada.
The Ditmarses, of Clements, are the offspring of Captain Douwe
Ditmars, before the Revolution, of Long Island, N.Y., and who was an
active ensign in the militia of that island during the struggle. He came
to this province in 1783 ; became a grantee in Clements in 1781, and was
one of the pioneers in the settlement of that township. His descendants
are (juite numerous, and have always maintained a highly respectable
position in the community in which they lived. The Everetts,* found in
Digby County, are, I have been informed, the offspring of Jacob Everett.
The descendants of Jonathan Fowler, of West Chester, N.Y., and who
settled in the town of Digby in 1783, reside chiefiy in Annapolis County,
his two sons, Gilljert and Alexander, having settled there early in the
century. Their father was a leading shipowner and merchant of the
town of Digby. Weston Fowler, Esq., of Bridgetown, is a grandson.
Kervins' descendants still live in Digby County, and those of Long in
Clements and Granville. The Morehouse t family has, while the
generations come and go, always maintained an honourable position in
the localities in which its members have resided. Its headquarters have
long been on Digby Neck, but branches of it have been for many years
settled in the upper part of the township of Annapolis, at South
Williamston, and in the township of Hillsburgh. The late William
Morehouse, who lived at the former place, was one of the deputy Crown
land surveyors for the county for many years. He was employed by
the Government to survey and lay out the settlement of Maitland.
* Possibly 1 am mistaken in tlie C'hi-istian luinic of Mr. Evei'ett. Sabine says
that James Everett settled at Digby in 178.S, ami dieil there in 1799, leaving
descendants. (The Everetts came from Long Island, New York. — Ed.)
t Mr. Morehouse was from Connecticut. He was one of the oldest magistrates
in the colony at the time of his deatli which occurred in 1839. He had been a
member of the Reading Association.
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 149
The nieni})ers of the Hillshurgh branch have Ijeen engaged in ship-
building and luuiliering pui'Huits. John MorriHon, who waH one of the
seven deputies of Surveyor-Ueneral CliailtH Morris, in 1783, was, I
believe, of pre-ioyalist origin, having i)een domiciled in Digby before the
date named, and pro'ixibly came there with the McDormands some years
before. (Jne of his descendants, T believe, resides at Westport, and no
doubt there are many others in that county. James Perrott was a
Loyalist of some cons'deration, but I have not been able to ascertain
what position he occupied before coming to this Province, He was
genr rally called "Captain" Perrott, and Perrott settlement was named in
his hcnour. It is not proiiable that he left any children, certainly no male
children, as the name doos not occur in any documents in the archives
subsequent tf> his decease. Joseph Potter was the progenitor of a large
family, the members of which are to be found dwelling in this township ;
in fact, the name is one of the most common there. The Potters have
been generally well esteemed, and have contributed largely to the
prosperity of Clements, having been employed in ship-building, farmings
milling, lumbering, and other industries, and they have ever maintained
a character for thrift, honesty, and moral worthiness et^ual to any other
family in tlie county,
John Polheraus left no male issue, or more correctly speaking, I should
perhaps say that no person in Clements, or the county, now bears that
name, but his daughter or daughters have left descendants, male and
female. The Potters are, I believe, connected (by marriage) with the
family of Polhemus. Joshua Quereau was a New York Loyalist, and
probably of Huguenot origin. He located himself in western Granville,
where his grandchildren now reside, and have continued to do so for
three-quarters of a century and more. Thomas Robblee's descendants
live also in Granville, and own the lands surrounding and including the
okl Scotch fort, near Goat Island.
The Ryersons deserve a somewhat extended notice. Francis llyerson,
the founder of the Nova Scotia family by that name, was a brother or an
uncle to the father of the well-known and able Rev. Egerton Ryerson, of
educational fame in Ontario ; and settled in Clements soon after the
revolution, against which he seems to have taken a decided, though not
very distinguished part. He was married and had children before 1783,
one of whom, Francis, petitioned the Legislature in aid of a plaister
(gypsum) mill which he states he had erected " at an expense of £600,"
and was "also adapted to the grinding of hemlock and other bark," this
being the first work of the kind erected in the Province.
This mill was built in 1802, at Clements, near, perhaps on the property
now or recently owned by Mr. George Ryerson. The enterprise was,
however, afterward abandoned from some cause of which I have not been
250 HISTORY OF ANNAPoUS.
itiforined. Hf also firotcd tho fiiNt ciinlinj^ miiohinp, or mill, in tliH
county, Itiiiit for him l)y •lolni I^in^mirc, an immiK>')int t'lom Cumber-
land, Enjj;lan(l. Sfveral tin*- farms are ownt'd by mt-mlwrs of tin- family
in this township ; but a branch of the old stock some years ago removed
to Yarmouth and en^a;<t'd in mercantile, sliip-buildin)^ and kindred
branches of industry, in which thoy gained an almost wurld-witie
reputation. One of the members of this <livision of the family- John K.
Ryerscm, Es(|. — long represented the County of Yarmouth in the Local
Assembly, and was remarkable for his honesty of purpose and plain
speech in the discharge of the duties devolving upon him as a member of
that iMxly. Mr. Ryerson was the head t)f the large shipping house of
Ryerson, Moses it Company, and took a leading part in all enterprises
intended to promote the welfare of his adopted town. Stephen Ryerson,
is said to have been the prototype of tiie character of Stephen Richard.son,
humourist, hunter and trapper, so finely delineated in one of Haliburton's*
best works. This member of the family was a farmer of Clements, and
was remarkable for his general shrewdness of character and keen relish
for the ludicrous; he was withal a splendid hater of shams and falsehood.
A volume would l)e required to record all the anecdotes that have lieen,
and are yet, current concerning him.
El)enezer and Samuel Street t difl not become settlers in the new
township, though they continued to live in Digby for some years, and
prosecuted ship-building at that place. They afterward removed to the
parish of Burton, in Sunbury County, N.B., where their descendants, if
any, are still to be found.
The Tottens were a New York family, and came to Annapolis in 1 783,
where they settled and engaged in mercantile occupations. A daughter
of one of them — Peter, I believe — married the late William Winniett,
Esq., sheriff of the county, and thus became the mother of Sir William
Robert Wolseley Winniett, who died in Cape Coast Castle, in Africa,
w'lile in the discharge of gubernatorial duties there, in 1858. They
* Haliburton's "Old .luilge in a Colony," I think.
+ If the author is correct in saying that the Streets finally removed to Burton,
Sanniel Street must have been tSamucl Denay -Street, who was horn in Surrey,
England, in 1752, educated for the law, came to America, and served most actively
and with great distinction during the revolution, and after its close was the first
attorney who ever practised in New Brunswick, and died at a country seat at Burton,
in 1830. All of his sons were distinguished as public men in that province, among
them, George F. , )>eing an able Judge of the Supreme Court ; John Ambrose,
Attorney-General and leader of the Government ; William Henry, Mayor of St.
John, M.P.P., etc. Kljenezer may have been a brother of Samuel Denny, and,
perhaps, grandfather of the late Thomas Clark Street, first member for the Dominion
Parliament for the County of Welland, Ont., who was son of Samuel Street, of
Niagara, and related to the Street family of New Brunswick, a very prominent and
leading man in the section of Cana<la in which ho lived, Samuel Etenny Street had
also a brother, Ambrose Sherman Street, Surgeon in the Royal Fencibles, who was
drowned at Burton in 1793, and may have been the ancestor of the Upper Canatia
branch. (See p. 170, note. )
iriSTOUV OK AWAPOLIH. 251
were a liiylily rosppctpd family, hut since the dciitli of the Iftte Miss
TottJMi* tin- iwuiH' litis hcooiin' <'xtin('t.
Till' Van Huei-fiis wt'ie of l)utcii ori;^in, and came to Annapolis in
ITM.'J. The lati' Dr. Van Huoivn was a (lusct-ntlant of James Van Hucien.
I holieve that this name is now very rarely to be met with in the county.
In the archives of the Province is a volume containing the letters of the
Hurveyor-(Jeneral, Charles Morris, to his deputies in the Province, and
wliieii, so far as it relates to the affairs of the county, is full of mutter of
great interest. These letters refer to the surveys being nmde from
17H4-1788, for the new Loyalist settlers. On several occasions, he
makes reference to Clements surveys in his letters to Thomas Millidge,
Esq., one of his deputies, then residing in Digby.
In reference to the Thorne family, lie says to him, under date, March
3rd, 1787: "1 am also to remind you of the letter I wrote tiie Ist of
March, 1786, to lay out to Stephen Thorne and others, 2,200 acres of
land, in lieu of the reserved lands they had pitched upon in Clements."
In the same year he tells Sneden and Polhemus (grantees in Clements,)
that he will do all in his power to forward their grants, but that they
cannot be expected to be relieved from the payment of the fees of Went-
worth, who as surveyor of woods and forests, on behalf of the Crown, was
entitled to a fee, without the payment of which, a grant could not pass, —
and that it was enough that he should remit his own fees ; a course which
he had generally followed.
The reader has now before him the names of the original grantees, and
such notice of them as the author has been enabled to gather concerning
them, but in order to make the history of this township more thoroughly
understood, I will now present a list of the names of the tax-paying
residents, under the Capitation Tax Act, as returned to the authorities,
in 1791, by the assessors under that Act. These assessors were Messieurs
Edward Jones, John Ditmars, and Henry Harris. The names have been
carefully copied, and arranged alphabetically for convenience of reference:
Artzman, Jacol). Biehler, Jacob. Criss, Henry.
Artzinan, J.ioob, sen, Booley, John. Cato — a negro.
Black, Isaac.
Brundize, Marcus. !}..„;„ w„,.,.,. ^. ^
Baird Adam ' ^ Ditmars, Douwe.
Baird, Adam. Burroughs, Jeffrey. Dit,„^rs, John.
S::: jZL ^^""™^^' ^^'"^*'"''- ^elancy [Colonel].
Boyce, Peter. Carey, Dennis. T>iok-B. negro.
Boyce, Jacob. Colla, Jacob.
Biehler, Nicholas. Clanket, Caspar. Fleet, William.
Browne, Danl. Isaac, Esq. Chrystler, Augustus. Fisher, — .
• At her death she bequeathed a house and several lots of land to the Church
England, at Digby — the property since known as the "Totten Rectorj'." — [Ed.]
2:.2
HlsroKY OK AXNAI'uMs.
(MH't'jral, iTiihtl,
<inilicii, tliiliii.
IIn(i[M»r. \\'illinin.
Mini In, tidliri.
Huiiix, Hi'in V.
Mfili'i'ic'k, Cuiiriul.
Iliii'tiiian, (iiittliel),
Hi'iinIiiiw, Suiniii'l.
}IcnNliiiw, Williiini,
H(Mifninn. Aiitlicuiy,
Hiimiii, I'ctfi'.
Hunt, Kenjiiiiiiii.
.lorifs, Siiniiu'l.
.litlH'M, N'irlioliis.
Joru'H, Itcnjiiniiii.
iliineH, Kilwiit'il.
Joiiea, William.
JiU'ol) — a iii'gro.
Lent, Jnnii's.
Long, Jttrol).
.Morgan, (ieorge.
Miint'i'. ■Iciiiiilliiiii.
Mull j-iiin, iliiiin.
Mi'Doi inuml, ('urniiic
Mi'MciiiiiHiiil, 'rhoniiiH.
Mill.i, r.'tff.
()|ip I Apt '.'I, (ifl)lgO.
Uiirll. Diinit'l.
I'ii'kii|), .SaniiiL'l.
I'linly, Suniuul,
I'linlv, AiiIIkiiiv.
I'ottlT, JuHI'|lll.
I'ottt'r, Urael.
I'unlv, Klijah.
I'lillu'iniiN. .Iiiiin.
I'dllit'lniiH, N'aiidyki'.
l't(lh('iiiii«, .loiin. juii.
Fine, |)aiiii'l.
I'tirtly, (ia)ii'it'l,
I'iukel, .laspei'.
Ryarsnn, Kranris.
KaiiiMon, ilaciil).
KaniHoii, John.
KaniNim, ilohn, jtin,
Kiiilijy, .limvpli.
Riillfi, L'a|it. Ri)ln>rt,
Himi'iK rant/, John.
SpiiiT. Slilppt-y.
•Shiiilali, Cliai'leM.
Siii'duei, Stcpiit'ii.
Siilix, |)aliiel.
HiiIIh, Joiin.
Smith, Joauph.
Sai'h, .foMfpli.
Winnittt, William.
Wagner, Kiciianl.
Win.liil, William.
Waiii'ii, Daniel.
Wyland, Henry.
Wright, JoHeph.
Wriglit, .loHepii, jun,
Wi'ightiiian, ,)olin.
WillianiH, C'a'sar.
Wethei'M, Stepiien.
Williama, Thomas.
WillianiB, Martin.
The return from which the foregoing li.st of names has been copied
was made for the year 1791, being seven years after the grant of the
townshi}) liad pas.sed. By these lists it is made certain that the following
families had become fresh settlers in Clements in that space of time,
namely : Artzman, Brundize, Buyce, liooley, Black, Burioughs, Bloomer,
Carey, CoUa, Clankett. Chi-ystler, Criss, Fleet, Fislior, Gorricol, Grueben,
Jones, Hooper, Hederick, Henshaw, Hr)ofman, Hunt, Milner, McDor-
mand, Opp (or Apt), Odell, Pickup, Pine, Ramson, Roddy, Rosencrantz,
Spurr, .Shudah, Sneden, 8ulis, Sach, Warren, Wyland, Wrightman,
Williams, Wethers, making in all fifty-one male persons abfjve twenty
years of. age. Of these persons, the Boyces have left descendants who yet
live in the county, and the Crisses are yet domiciled in the township.
The Fleets are still extant, as are also the Gorricals ; and the Joneses, of
whom there were five who had attained their majority in 1791, have
increased and multiplied, and been dispersed far and wide, always
maintaining a reputation for general worth and fair ability. William
Jones, whose name appears in the list, was one of the first magistrates
appointed in this section of the country, and was specially recommended
for appointment by the custos rotnloruvi of the county. Colonel Millidge,
in the early part of the century. The issue of the Henshaws in the male
line are still respectable inhabitants. The Hoofmans also left descend-
MISTOKV tty AN'NAPOLIH. 253
iitits, liiit tlicy ('liii-t!y ncciipy IhikIs in Itlonriiiii^fton, hikI ho fiii' iis I liiivn
hocii iihit* to iiHctM'tiiiii liHVt' no r'i'|ir)-H('ntiitiM> ot' tin- Miun)> now in tlii.s
towrmhip. TIm> .Milnt>rs havo fiirnis hero Htill, as do iiNo the Mchoitnandii
anil OppH, and a worthy fi-prfHcnfativH of tlit^ I'ii^knps rcnidcM at
(Jranvilio Kciry, and is niiich it'spcclt'd for liis nianlin»'ss and intc^^rity <»f
charact«'r. Tlic I'iiu's still find linint-s in CliMnt-nlH. Tlu' di-Hcrntlants of
Shippoy Hpurr are to In- found in several distiirts in the lounty, and
outside its limits. The Hainsons and Kliuddvs (lihoiidas ,')^ are to ho
found in Delon;^ settlement, l>i;;hy and elsewhere. The Snedens lived in
Clements in I'lM, hut shortly afteiwards fixed their headi|Uiirters in tin*
county town, where they enKayed in mercantile pursuits, and Ion;; held a
first place in the social relations then existing' there. Their descetndants
were and ait; numerous, hut none of them hear the family name, nor are
now to he found in the Province, thoui^h more than one of them have
become iidiahitants of the United States of America. This family, if I
mistake ni>t, interinarried with the Thoines and Millid^es of (Jranville.
The ^landchil.iren of the Sulises still i(!side at Smith's Cove, in the
township of Hiilsi'ur^'h, '.liili, at the time of which I am writing, was
included in Clements, in I'DO the inhabitants of Clements joined with
those of Di^by and Claie in a |>etition to the Legislature for a division of
the county. Messieurs Isaac |{onnell, Andrew Snodgrass, James Wilmot,
Jonathan Fowler and Henry Rutherford certified that this memorial was
signed in the handwriting of each signer. This docunienr was dated in
February, 1790, and I'cfers to a former petition asking for the same thing,
and which had been presented to the Assemlil}' in 17SG. I find the
fcjUowing names from Clements, which I desire to n( ^ice briefly.
Christian Tobias was a grantee in Digby township, and by profession a
medical doctor. His descendants settled in the town of Annapolis. Two
of these, his sons — Timothy and Dwight Tobias — were for many years
residents there. The former was for several years Collector of Customs
for the port, and died there without issue ; the latter died several years
ago, leaving a large family, most of the members of which still live there.
Samuel Calnek, an uncle of the writer, in 1798 went to Jamaica,
where he married and settled, never having visited the Province since
1804. He died in 1836, leaving an only child, a son, to inherit his name
and property in that island. Mr. Oalnek was a native of Germany, and
came to America with his father, Jacob Calnek, about the year 1776, and
to this Province with the Loyalists, in 1 783.
As I have elsewhere stated, the herring fisheries on the coasts of the
basin have often been the cause of many disputes among the inhabitants.
•There is an old tombstone in the graveyanl at Annapolis inscribed : " To tVr>
memory of Stepiien Rhodda and his wife, Theodosia." Tliese may, jierlmps, be
offshoots from them.
2'}4i mSTOIlY OK ANNAI'OMS.
Tlui v.'iluo of this l»raiicli of iiidu.st ly Iiiih alwayH Wcon v(Ty coiiMichsfiiiic
unci for a long Ntnii^H of yoars tlio gov<;rtiiiig poworH mh'ui to liavct hiu! >-.)
settlod policy coacnrniiiff ilmtii ; at one time Im liuving it IxiHt to place
ilicm uiuU'.r tin; control of the CoiirtH of (Jenerai ScHHioMH of the Peace fttr
the county, aH public property, anti at another iletMiiin;^ it wiHe to ^rant
them in fee simple to indivitlualH. I trariHcribe a memoiial of 17i<r>, tu
Governor Hir John VVentworth, relating;; t(» thin fiwhery at Hmith'n Cove,
which was then included in the IxjundaricH of this township :
' ' May it plfour your Exrdlf.nry :
" Wo, your iiutiiiorialiHlH, iiiliiiliititig txiar llio iiioiitli of liuiir Rivor, in llio towiiHliip
of (jUtiiioiitH, liu){ l<!iiv(i to pi'i'Minl That tlu; liiiiil which wo own and on which wo livo
IH Hitiiatoil ii|>ori ii covo, very UHoful foi' thv Moiling KiHhory, Ut tho groal lionotlt of
oiirHi^lvoH mill tho wholo noighl)oiirlioo<l. ThiK tiHhory wo and othoiH havo hlMiorto
ilHod frooly, poaoofiilly and iininoloHtod, l)Ut of lalo havo boon infoniiud that Uaniol
Odcll liaH applied, or intondH to ap|)ly to your Kxoollonoy, for a grant and ox<!hiHivu
privih^go of Haid covo anil itH liHhury, which grant, if ohtaiiiod, will groatly inuuni-
iiiodo and aliiiimt ruin your ineniorialiHtH and thoir faiiiilii;H.
"Thoroforo, wo humbly j)rfty your Kxcolloncy to ho ploaHod to Hiiii|iund and
poHtpono mich Orant till wo Hhall havo tiiiio and o|i|iort unity to lay iKjforo your
Kxcolloncy a plan of Haid covo and our laridH contiguouH, and nioro fully tooxplnin
tho irijiiry which wo a|ipi'ohond wo hIioiiIiI Hud'or hy hucIi grant, or Hutl'or uh to ooiiio
in ivH pai'tnoi'H in tho grant aforesaid, or givo uh hucIi otiior roinody aH your
Kxcolloncy, in your WiHilom and (ioodnoHH, hIiuII hoo tit. And your tiioinorialiHtH as
in duty hound, oto., oto.
"(•Signed), Daniki, Siii.ih.
Jkhk.m(ah Smith.
John Stii.is.
"ClcmontH, July 23ril, I7(m.'
The flats above referred to hav(f lony since been granted in fee to the
parties owning the ailjoining uplands, and have ceased to be u cause of
dispuUi, except in a healthy rivalry as to who among the proprietors shall
yearly secure tho greatcist catch, and obtain the greatest price for their
cured fish.
In the year 1800, Douwe Ditmurs, Escp, was tho contractor for the
bridge over the Allain River, near Annapolis, and in 1801, he, with John
Rice and Francis Ryerson, was a commissioner of rofwls for the district
ext<mding from Annapolis to IJear River. In 1809, Mr. Ditmars and
Benjamin Potter w«!re commissioners of roads for Clemtrnts, and in 1812
the former was cinnmissioned to construct a new bridge over Mofjse River;
in fact, he appears to have been for » quarter of a century the bridge
builder par excellence in Clements.
I subjoin a list of the names of those persons in this township who
were stimulated to compote for tho bounty offered for newly-cleared land
in 1805 :
IIISTOIIV <»H' ANNAI'OI.IS.
255
'Himkirk, ('liiiilcH .'{,5 Acix-h.
•Ut^rlH\ix, I'liilip :v2r, .,
'Italcoiii, Abel li II
•lliiriill, John 3.5
"Hiilcoiii, Jiiliri ft.'J6 II
Boycn, .Jlirtd) U II
Iticlilrr, iliKMili )(.fi II
*ll('i ry, 'riioriiiiH 5.75 n
< 'iiiii|iliii, .liiini'H 2.75 II
•Clark, Williimi 2.75 „
*(/'hii1i!, MittniKtl
*('liiiti% Daiiifl 5.V5 I,
"C'lintf, 'I'liotiiiiH 7.5 II
"CaHowort li, CliiirlcH 5 „
"Dunn, Kdward 2.5 n
Kli'ct,, William U
HarriH, John 2.75 n
((cnHhaw, Saniiicl 2.5 Ai.tch,
Hati'JH, Koniy 7.i!5 n
*Kni(li;n,'(<(!or(<o 4 u
F^onj?, .lacol) 5.75 n
•.Vlrrrilt, John .3.25 h
Morgan, Kilwanl '^ ii
0|)|>, (icorgo 2 II
I'ur.ly, Klijah ,. 2.25 .i
*Hiigglt'H, llicharil 7.5 n
•Kicr, SjhiH 5 II
S|iiiii', .VlirliiU!) 2 II
S|mir, William 2 n
*'l'rrm|ici-, lli-Fuy 2.5 h
* Vrooin, John 4.5 n
"VVicr, JoHcph 4 h
Wright, JanicH 2.5 n
VVaiiier, l)uni(;l 4.75 n
From tluH return we are ahle to gatlior several im[jortantt'acfcH. Of the
thirty-five fainili(!S whone heads eoiii|i(>te(l for tli«! latul liourity, nineteen,
or more than one-half, hecame scittiers in tlie township ljetw<!en th*; years
17!M and 1805. Tliese have heen marked with an asterisk, and an
analysis of them will show that a lar>.;e majority of them came from the
f»l<ler sister townships. 'I'lie Chutes, (Shirks, I'aleoms, and iMerritts came
from Ciranvilit! ; the iJunns, I'ertauxs and Hie(!s from Annapolis; and the
Ku),'f^leses and ISuskirks fi(»m VVilmot ; while Merry, Knid'en, Cas»;worth
and Trenifx'it were prohaMy from Oif^hy. These new-comers obtained
over fiO [K^r cent, of the money j^iven as hountj', fairly provin>^ that this
infusion of new hlood into the industrial veins uf Clements had not
failed to invigorate it with added strength arul activity.
The Buskirks, or as they should more properly be called, the Van
Buskirks, are of Dutch extractiftn, arul came to tliis province in ITM.'J
from New York or New Jersey. | One. Iiranch of them settled in ^'hel-
Ijurne and another at Wilmot and AyUisford. The Clements pefiple of
that name, T think, belonged to the latter. The Jiertauxs came hither
V)efore 17G0 from (tu«!rnsey, ami wore grantees in Annapolis township.
Philip removed alxiut the beginning of the century to Clements. The
family are of Huguenot origin, and liave been very prolific, and many
descentlants Iniaring the name are yet among the most reH[)ectab!e of the
inhabitants of the county. The Italcoms are also of pre-loyalist date, and
very numerous and highly respectable. Members of this extensive family
are to be found in Annapolis, Digby, Kings, and Halifax counties.
Henry Balcom, late M.P.P., is from the latter county. Thomas Berry's
+ 1 would «\iguuHt that tho name in the samo that was spelt "Troiniwr " in the
grant (p. 247). It in (*rtainly now always written and pronounced Triniper, — [Kn.]
X "See genealogies. — [Ed.]
250 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
descendants still live in the township, as well as those of Edward Dunn.
The Chutes are of pre-loyalist date, and a branch of their family settled
here at an earlj' period. Thomas Chute, one of the early settlers of
Granville, married Sybil, the eldest sister of the late Andrew Marshall
{my maternal grandfather), and bore him a very large family, the members
of which and their descendants are domiciled in various places in the
Province, but most generally in this county. Merritts are still found
in Granville, and Trempers in Clements. Richard Ruggles was a son of
Brigadier-General lluggles, of Hard wick, Mas.sachusetts, who sought
refuge here from the fury of his republican neighbours. The grand-
children and great-grandchildren of this gentleman reside in Clements,
and other townships in Digby County to this day. The descendants of
Silas Rice live in Hillsburgh. The Vrooms are of Dutch origin, and came
here as Loyalists after tlie revolution. They are to be found in Clements,
Hillsburgh and Wihnot, but are most numerous in the former township.
The names left unasterisked are those who were living in the township
at and before 1791. Of these the descendants of the Wrights and
Henshaws still exist, and occupy good positions in society, and the same
may be said of the Harrises and Boyces. The Purdys are also highly
esteemed and very numerous, occupying comfortable homes in Clements
and Hillsburgh. In 1815 fifty-nine people of Clements contributed
^88.20 to the Patriotic Fund.
BEAR RIVER— PAST AND PRESENT.
Written in 1890.
Two hundred and seventy-five years and a little more are required to
bridge over the period included betwen 1613 and 1890, and our earliest
knowledge of the place dates back to the former year. On the 13th day
of January, 1613, a small French vessel commanded by Captain Simon
Imbert arrived in the basin tlien named Port Royal, in the midst of an
•easterly snow-storm. She was laden with a cargo cons'sting of supplies
of food and settlers for the infant colony, which had l)een begun on the
Granville shore, opposite the eastern end of the island, now Goat, then
■called Biencourtville, in honour of young Biencourt, son of Poutrincourt,
who had previously become proprietor of the settlement by purchase from
Demonts, its original founder, six years before. It was the first trip of
Imbert to American shores, and the storm preventing him from laying his
course, he was compelled to seek shelter under the lee of some headland
or island, on or near the south shores of the basin. In following this
-course he discovered a small island behind which he found safe anchorage
and shelt' ■. That island is now called Bear Island, at the mouth of the
river bearing the same name. When the storm subsided they discovered
HISTOUY OK ANNAI'OIJS. 257
that they were near the mouth of an inh^t or river. The vessel evidently
found shelter in the very spot to which in these days the steamboat
plying between St. Jf>hn and Dij^by resorts, when, owing to a similar
storm, she is unable to proceed to St. John. This river Imbert soon
afterwards e.\pl.ired beyond the head of the tide, and discovered its two
branches. Ft was the river named St. Anthony on Champlain's map ;
but Imljert's countrymen at the fort thenceforth called it Imbert's River;
the name which is given in some old French maps of the district. Its
present name is simply a corruption of the name of Simon Imbert
(Imbare). We must notice here a curious thing confirmatory of the fact
stated. Long before recent investigations into the origin of the name of
the stream, and more than half a century ago, the first saw-mill erected
near the head of the tide was commonly known as Imbert's mill, and the
hill which separates the east and west branches of the river was as
generally known as Imbert's hill, which seems the greater mystery when
it is known that the French, during their more than a century's
occupation of the valley, made no settlement in the district. It is
probable that the name was first given to the hill, having been preserved
traditionally, by trappers and hunters, and afterwards transferred to the
mill referred to.
As we have before said, no village, hamlet or settlement was made here
by the French, ond it was not until after the close of the American
Revolutionary war that any permanent settlement by tlie English was
attempted. But it is not to the men, or the descendants of the men, to
whom the grant of the township of Clements, then including both sides
of Imbert's River, was made in 17f*4, that we should attribute the
honour of being the founders of the present town of Bear River, for it
was the earlier pre-loyalist settlers of Annapolis and Granville townships
who were the first effective pioneers in changing the forest-clad hills,
which still line both banks of the river, into smiling farms and comfortable
homesteads. There were a few of the Loyalist settlers who did the same
thing in other sections of Clements, but it was the Rices, the Harrises,
the Clarks, the Millers and the Chutes, all of pre-loyalist origin, who laid
the foundation upon which the superstructure of the flourishing and
wealthy town now existing was afterwards built. To these may be added
the Bogarts, the Croscups, the Bensons, and Grouses of Loyalist stock as
co-workers. The town is situated in the ravines and on the hills which
abound near the head of the tide, which extends to .about four or five
miles from tlie basin into which the waters of the river are discharged.
The first framed house built in the limits of the village m as finished
in 1785 by a Captain O'SuUivan Sutherland, and stood not far from
the residence of Captain John Harris, on the road leading to the Hessian
line. All the houses erected before that year, which were but few in
17
258 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
number, were constructed of lojj;s, and liave long, long ago given place to
more comfortable and elegant dwellings. On the west side of the river,
one of the earliest settlers was the late Christoplier Prince Harris, who.se
descendants still own and occupy the homestead ; and on the opposite
side, though much nearer the village, Thomas Chute, the grandfather of
Mr. H. H. Chute, a candidate for legislative honours at the coming
election, connnenced the work of erecting a new home at a very early
period. The last-named gentleman informed us that he built the first
store on the eastern or Annapolis side of the river, about the same time
that Captain Freemaiv Marshall commenced business on the Digby side.
To-day the gieater numlier of stores are on the Annapolis side, where
Clark Bros, have become the leaders in Bear River business matters.
There are several fine stores on the west side, tho.se of Marshall «fe
Hardwick and Albert Harris being among the finest.
No less than nine highways, from all points of the compass, find their
termini in the town, and one cannot find a spot on the surrounding hills
from which the er ire village can be seen, some portions of it being still
hidden away in the ravines which are both numerous and deep. The
Baptists, who are the leading denominaticm here, have a fine place of
worship on the Digby side, and the Methodists and the adherents of the
English Church have each a neat place of worship on the opposite side of
the Bridge The Adventists have also a house of worship in the town.
NOTES BY THE EDITOR
BEAR RIVER AND MOOSE RIVER.
It is with much delicacy and deference that I differ front the author
as to the true name of Bear River and Bear Island. I am satisfied the
river was called la riviere d'llebert before it was called la riviere d'Imbert,
and I have a personal knowledge of the fact that the earlier name survived
the later ; for whenever I heard the name pronounced by the Acadians
of Clare it was la riviere d'Hebert, very distinctly. And the corruption
from Hebert's, pronounced Abair's, river would be more easy and
natural than from Imbert's pronounced by the tongue of a Frenchman.
The French sound of the first syllable of the latter cannot well be
represented in letters to the eye of an Englishman, but Amber River
would be an easier transition from Imbert than Bear River. Benjamin
Suite, of Ottawa, an able writer on Canadian and Acadian antiquities,
goes so far as to say that the name Imbert was written by a mistake of a
copyist in a map by Bellin, a Frenchman who lived a century after
Ohamplain, and that the river was named in honour of Louis Hebert,
Apothecary in Demonts' expedition, who sought to cultivate the vine
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 259
along its banks, and that it is distinctly so marked in Lescarbot's map.
Hebert, who was a man of murk in his day, left Acadia after the disaster
to Port lloyal in 1613, but later he and liis family became the first real
settlers in Canada, where his descendants are numerous. On the contrary,
the late P. S. Hamilton, also an able antiquary, thinks the name of the
river was that of Poutrincourt's old and faithful servant, Simon Imbert.
A locality near the pre-sent villajre did certainly retain Imlwrt's name,
and as it is an honourable one as well as euphonious in either language,
it ought to be adopted by some one of the rising villages, or post-office
districts, within view of the river.
The name "Bridgeport" for that portion of the village of Bear River
which lies on the Annapolis side, has fallen into disuse, and " Hillsburgh "
is not found in the post-office directory of Nova Scotia.
Moose River was called by the French at one period, la riviere
d'Orignal or de L'Origrml, L'Orignal's River, probably in memory of
the same man whose name is perpetuated in a town in Prescott, Ontario,
and the present perversion came from the English confounding the name
with the French word "orignol," a moose.
CHAPTER XV.
LATER SETTLEMENTS.
Dalhousic — Lots granted — Return of settlers in 1820— Fatal quiirrel — FaniilicH of
early settlers —A foul murder — Maitland — The Keniptons — Karly grantees —
Northfield — Delong settlement— Porrott settlement — Rox))ury — Bloominglon
— New Albany — First grantees of — Statement of settlement, 1817 — Spring-
field — Falkland — Lake Pleasant.
DALHOUSIE.
THIS settlement occupies a generally rough and rugged section of
the county, the surface being undulating and considerably
broken by granitic boulders, mounds and dykes. The soil, however, is
strong anfl productive, and wherever the plough can be used good crops
almost invariably reward the industry of the inhabitants. It is admir-
ably watered by springs, lakes and streams, the latter affording number-
less fine water-powers, many of which have, during recent years, been
brought into successful use. Its progress, in an agricultural point of
view, has been slow ; but it must be remembered that disbanded soldiers
seldom possess the knowledge, industry and energy requisite to suc-
cessful farming, and it was not till after the first generation of settlers
had passed away that much improvement could be made <ir expected.
The main highway through it forms an angle with those in the valley
of the Annapolis River whose opening widens eastwardly, the distance
between these roads at Roundhill being six miles, at Bridgetown nine
miles, at Lawrencetown about fourteen, and on the eastern line of the
county about twenty miles. Within the points named the settlement is
crossed by the Roundhill, Lovett, Spurr and Bloody Creek brooks and
the Nictaux River, all running northwardly to the Annapolis River, and
the Port Med way and LaHave rivers, with several of their branches
running southwardly to the Atlantic. All these streams possess noble
stream-driving capacity and multitudes of mill sites, while thousands of
smaller streams beautify the landscape by forming lakelet and lake
expansions of more or less beauty.
The materials for a history of this settlement are sufficiently abun-
dant. During the administration of Lord Dalhousie, the survey of a
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 261
I'oiid was ordered from a point near the town of Annapolis to the Iiead
of Bedford Basin, with a view to a short route between the ancient and
the new capital ; and John Harris, one of the deputies of the Surveyor-
General, was instructed to perforin the task, which he did successfully in
181"). In doing this work, Mr. Harris made offsets and set up bounds,
from which afterwards to complete the survey of lots. These l>ounds
defined the breadths of the lots which were to extend northwardly and
southwardly, from the road as a centre, so far that each lot should contain
one hundred acres, the breadth of each being twelve and one-half chains,
and the length eighty chains. The stakes set up to mark these offsets
were numbered, as were also the lots, and on the 12th day of July, 1817,
a number of disbanded .soldiers of the Fencible corps, having previously
(by lottery) each di-awn a number, proceeded to the vast forest, guided
only by the surveyor's line, for the purpose of taking possession of the
farms thus allotted to them, and which they were henceforward designed
to occupy and culti\ate. Each one, as he found the stake bearing the
number of the lot, stepped out of the Indian file procession in which
they travelled to survey his embryo homestead, and select a site for a
shanty.
" It was on the 12th of July, 1817," .said one* of the men to me fifty
years after, " that we were ordered to seek the lots we had drawn, and
to tiike possession of them, and a very warm day it was.
'• Our number had been diminished by eighty-four when I step))^(^
aside at the post indicating my number (LXXXV.), and my comrades
pas.sed on leaving me to view my new possession in solitude and at leisure.
I went at once to work to clear a space, a work which I succeeded in
accomplishing, and some time afterward constructed a log shanty, not
very remarkable for the beauty of its proportions or the thoroughness of
its carpentry. I was not then married, and as none of the settlers had
commenced to build on the neighbouring lots, I began to be very lonely
as the winter drew on, which, from the isolated position I occupied, is
not a matter for wonder, and the constant pressing desire for companion-
ship, ungratified as it was, and was likely to be, made me so supremely
miserable that when the spring came I sought employment in the valley,
found it, and never again saw my Dalhousie farm till to-day ! I assure
you," he continued, *' I do not recognize this as the spot on which half a
century ago I was so very unhappy. The dead and decaying trees which
I see, as far as my eye can reach, were certainly not then here ; but in
their place was a green and vigorous forest, which seemed interminable,
yet I do remember the brook and the meadow to the east and southward
there ; and from their position I think you are correct in saying this is
* James Wilson. I was sent to survey the lot to him, being at the time a
Deputy Crown Land Surveyor for the county.
262
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
my lot!" "Would you know the spot on which you huilt the shanty T'
said I. " Perhaps so," he repled. " I remember the cellar, which was
quite small, cost me considerable labour to wall up, but it n>ay remain."
I took him in the midst of a clump of scrub pine bushes,* and said, " Is
this like tlie place?" "Yes," he replied, "in that hole 1 kept my pro-
visions in the winter of 1817-18. The stones of these walli? were then
laid by my hands, as you now see, except that many of them have
tumbled into the cellar."
It was not, however, before 1818 that any serious attempt was made
to commence the cultivation of the soil forming the farms in the settle-
ment ; but at the close of 1820 we have an excellent means to estimate
the progress made. I refer to a return made to the Government, for
that year, by Major Sniythe, the military superintendent, who had in
charge all matters connected with the discharged soldiery who formed il,
which is here given to the reader in full. It is not only a census, but it
gives valuable information, not usually found in a paper of that kind. I
have arranged the names alphabetically for the convenience of reference,
though in all other respects it will be found a faithful copy of the original
as preserved in the archives of the Province :
Return ok Military Skttlers Located at the Dalhousie Settlement Showing
THE ImPROVKMENT MADE BY EACH, TO OCTOBER 16tH, 1820.
o
29
31
37
3«
67
98
156
163
170
38
61
87
89
94
P
6
13
12
NAMES.
.
a
.
%
a
o
1
s-
O
8
£
N
N
a
tAmlerson, Thomas
t Anderson, Thomas, jun . .
tAul, James
tAnilerson, Robert
Brophy, Dennis.
Butler, John . . .
Browne, Daniel .
Bates, Thomas .
Bowie, Thomas.
tCarter, Archibald .
tCiimmings, Rol)ert .
Cocker, Abraham
tConnell, Patrick . .
tCosgrove, Francis . ,
tDargie, William.
Dunn, James
+Dun, John
1
Remarks.
Raised 100 bushels potatoes, 1820.
A mason.
Raised 200 bush, potatoes; ex-
pects pension.
A shoemalcer.
Expects a pension.
Shoemalier.
Tailor ; expects a pension.
Shoemaker ; expects a pension.
Raised 200 bushels of potatoes.
Inflrm and aged.
Expects a pension.
* Pinus Banksiana.
t Those thus marked have descendauts living in the county.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOI,IS.
26:}
i
6
SB
30
98
1*21
157
161
3
KU
173
I'21
48
1-20
9
65
174
119
»' erf
NAMKS.
N
N
N
19
n'
'26
. . ■
i'21
10
N
11
N
18
N
'22
N
1'29
N
41
43
176
• •
1
6
N
23 |..
39 L.
62 1 ..
88 ! N
89 ..
90 N
94 N
96 N
98 ..
19
156
S |l)avv, Patrick 1
S KuHV, I'litiick j ..
. . Ditfily, JaiiiuH | . .
. . Dyiir, Mattliow
, . iDaley, K()l)ei't
S iDcmiielliui, I'atriok
Dudali', liaptiHt
Dilli)ii, I'atrick
'De If I'alinii, Jimonh
|De la Hunt, UeniUH. . ,
rFoHter, Joseph
S Faniiuir, John. . .
S iFhinimgan, John
07 N i S
20 N
*(iihHoii, William. . .
(fOHsin, Peter. .....
•(Jorniley, James . .
•(lallagher, Chai'Ies
(Jaffey, William , . .
Godfrieil, Duilale. . .
•( JilliH, Archihahl . . ,
Grant, Alexander. . .
N
S
S
N
■•
s
••
s
N
N
s
Hall, Joseph
Hanley, John
Holmes (Widow) . . .
' Horner, Alexander
Hamilton, Gilbert .
*Harolil, James . . .
•Holland, John
• Hanncm, Stephen .
Hackett, Thomas
'Hutchinson, Hugh
Hunt, ( Jeorge
Hudson, James ....
Hannusy, James . . .
Hannon, Anthony .
*Hogan, Michael. . .
Heiler, John
Ilnglis, Henry.
Isles, William .
Kinghorn, John
Kav, George . . . .
Kelley, Thomas
I
!
•Justings, Joseph ' 1
"Jackson, Christopher .... 1 1
1
Larrimore, Andrew
Kkmarki.
1
Hchoolniamer,
ExpecU a pcnaion.
Sickly ; uiiflt (or settler.
Cropi ileitroyed by Are.
No cropi ; nuppoHed lo have gont
off.
Raised lUO buahela of potatoes.
Lives in AnimiHills ; keeps a shop
Crops burned.
Crops (ailed.
p An idle (ellow.
Crops (ailed.
Husband killed by a tree.
Raised 100 bushels potatoes.
An idle character.
Ex|)ects a pension.
Carpenter.
Expects a pension.
, Raised SOU bushels potatoes.
Removed too late to this lot this
year.
Idle ; expects a pension.
Sailor ; crops (ailed.
Blacksmith.
Crops destroyed by fire.
Lately come.
Crops destroyed by Are.
* Those thus marked have descendants living in the county.
+ Widow murdered afterward in 1833.
204
IIISTOIIV OK ANNAIH)M.S.
$,
11
H
MO
8
124
N
12(1
N
l'.>8
, ,
1,'^5
N
l,-.8
N
iriH
,S
161
S
1U5
s
2
N
7
N
, ,
8
!S
20
8
27
S
28
8
164
8
65
S
122
N
8
123
N
126
8
160
8
122
N
,.
1
.3
• ■
30
N
■•
96
8
172
, ,
171
, ,
125
N
•■
24
S
49
•
s
95
N
2
s
124
, ,
s
168
N
• •
M
4
N
, ,
25
N
, ,
31
N
49
N
50
N
,
27
. ,
8
157
, ,
8
117
N
•
12
N
NAMKM
iLou'JH, John
•Lulls .limt>])li
Laikiii, John
'Lci', I'oriittliiiM
*LoiuuM'giiii, William, Hen.
Loiiiier){an, W'illiiiin, jiin. .
*Loiix, .lanicH
LeHliu, Kilwui'il
Laiincr^lian, JaniuH
Lannergan, Michael
MartiiiBoii, .loliii. . . .
Mcl.,au^liliii, David..
Mdforiiian, Anilrew
Moore, Jaiiies
I'MuLaii^lilii), Janiusi
•Miiicliin, .lanieN
McDaniul, Donald..,
I'Meddicraft, .laiiios.
jMalion, Francis . . . ,
*M(;("onnoll, Barney
Murphy, Cornelius
M(,'(»owan, Thomas . ,
JMahoney, Frederic..
*Mc(JilI, Robert ...,
*Mc(rill, daniea
Oliver, Henry
O'Brien, John, jun
O'Brien, James. . . .
•Ord, .lohn, sen . .
•Qrd, John, jun . .
O'Neil, I'tttriek ....
O'Neil, William . .
Phillips, (ieorge
Frast, Frederic. .
Quilty, John
•Ramsay, William
Reach, James . . . ,
Roehfort, Thomas
Ryan, John
Smith, Henry
*Searle, Joseph . . . .
*8tephenHon, James
•Speakman, John . .
*Schopp, Adam . , . ,
Scott, Moses
8 {Sweet, .John
S Starks, John
*8toddart, Robert .
•Taylor, James.
ItlMARKH.
Oro|M railed.
Tailor ; I'xpectt a petition,
Bhoeniaker.
Shoemaker.
('ropi failed.
An iille oliaroctcr.
Uvei In Annapolis ; keepi a nhop.
ItaJHeil 110 bushela (lotAtoes.
yiioemaker; expects a pension,
Ex|ie('t8 a pension.
Has Kot this lately.
Liver|><>ol Rood, 100 bush potatoes
Liverpool Koad, 100 buiih |iotatoea
Crops (ailed.
Lives with his father.
Qot this lot lately.
Got this lot lately ; carpenter.
A boy ; father lost in the woods.
Tailor ; unfit for settler.
A bad settler ; ^one off.
Shoemaker.
Rnsi^cn's half-pay.
Tailor.
Cooper and wheelwright.
Carpenter.
Carpenter.
1 p jOardener; works in the valley.
* Those thus marked have descendants living in the county.
HISTOUY ()!•' ANNAI'OMS.
265
i
i
91
40
23
2ft
2H
HU
1(17
127
127
I
K
B
13
23
24
Ilia
16»
IIS
NAMKH,
..
S
8
S
8
N
N
N
N
M
'I'liriicr
''I'oilil, ■faincit . .
I'oliiii, Williuiii. .
Tit'iiHiiy, KranciM
Toliin, Kichiiril. .
*'r<M(lt', .latiifH . . .
•Tiivlor, (iciirne
Triiinor, Patrick
"Ttmli', Kilwiinl
(I
^ii
VVilHon, JuinuH I
Walki'f, .laiiii'M 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
William, (.'liark-H
Wliittv, Nic'liiilaH. .
•VVa«iitatl', William
Wylii!, David
*W(K)(llaiiil, .r<»si>|)ii
*Wftlk('r, Kiaiu'is. .
W.il«h, William I .
Wylif, William I 1
3 I 1
1
1
1
1
.. ! 1
ft ! I
Ukmakkh.
Mototi,
Mvet with hii loii on lot 123,
ll(»i«e liiirnt.
Ariiiuurtir.
Cr(i|M and hotme linrnt.
Car|ienter.
Paititvr ; crnim failed.
An idle character.
Carpenter : expeuti a pention.
Bricklayer.
Tlie Superintendent in the report which acconipiiiiied the foregoing
return say.s tliiit tliere had heen a j,'reat failure of crops in this settle-
ment (in that year) " particuhiily in grain and turnips," and he assigns
several causes among whicli I notice, " the dr3'ne.ss of tlie season ; " " the
sterility of the soil in some of the farms ; " " the idleness of some of the
settlers," and "fires." "Many of them," he a<lds, "have sown winter
grain for next year's crop, and much meadow land has been cleared and
sown down to grass, while several acres of upland have been sown with
grass and clover, and are likely to give good yields."
nations of foftd and rum were furnished these people for some time
after they to<}k possession of their farms, depots having been established
at several points in the district, namely, at or near Dargie's in the western
end ; at Albany settlement, where the Dalhousie Road crossed it, and at
Stmldart's near the eastern extremitj' of the settlement. In the same
year, Major Smythe says he had at his disposal (to be distributed among
those who had lieen the shortest time on the ration list) 22,000 lbs. of
salt fish. The depots formed the centres of convivial gatherings for the
settlers for some two or three years, and were the unintentional cause of
much evil to them, by ofl'ering an agreeable method of spending their
time in idleness and debauchery to the detriment of their farm interests.
From this return it may be seen that the district contained 83 women,
and 188 children, making together a population in these two classes of
' Those thus marked have descendants living in the county.
2C>(\ HISTORY (»K ANNATOMH.
'J7 1 houIm, Ix-Hidi'H till* inon, who wiicti icckoiK-il iti, iiiiikc n totiil of
iibout fhrff hiniilrfd aixl tif'lif hoii/m.
Tlic wttltTS liiul cU'iiifd r»74 iicn-s of Imiil, iiiui laiHcd tlicrcuii (>, NT)
hiislielH (»t' jMifiitoj's, t(»jj[«'tl»'!' witli 14 hu.slii'ls <(t' luiilf-y, r)tl of ry«', lOH
of whitat, I'J of Iiuiiiiii corn, Ki of outs, M'2 of turiiipN, :{7 totiH of u|)liiii<l
hay, iiml they poMM»^Nst'(| eU'veii cown, and tliiity-tlir«'«' pi^H.
AsHuniiii^ tliit totul populiition at .'{50, th*> iuiimIht of acres clfart'd
would average (for two years' lalHiur) l.t>| per head ; the miiiilxM' uf
hushels uf potatoes would give 17.5 bushels p«'r heiul, while luirley gave
t»iily oiie-twt iity-fiflh, rye one and a half, and turni])s one and six-tenths
bushels per head of the population. All these averages, except that of
potat(Mvs, fell far beneath the wants of the irdiabitants, and, of course,
the (leHciency had to he provided for them at the public expense. Tt is
worthy of note, however, that three-tentliH of a bushel of wheat was
prtsluced for each man, woman and child for that year.
On the 14th July, 1820, Major Sniythe wrote from Annapolis to Major
Haid, the (lovernor's military secretary, as follows : " [.,ands having been
laid out in the Dalhousie settlement for tiro towns, and His Kxceilency
the Karl of Dalhousie having appeared desirous to have them settled as
spee«iily as possible, I have the honour to submit for the consideration of
His Excellency the Lieutenant-General commanding, whetlier it would
not l)e a desirable way to carry it into ettect by giving some public notice,
signed by order of His Excellency [holding out the proposed encourage-
ment] to such class of persons as may be deemed fittest," etc. ; and in a
foot-note, he recommends Thomas Anderson, first carpenter ; Thomas
Anderson, second mason ; and Christopher Jacks<m,* blacksmith, of the
Royal Artillery, to have lots in the town of Ramsay, t This little
settlement lies to the northward of the south base of the district of
Dalhousie, and nearly south from the only church in it.
The road connecting the two is called the Kamsay Road, and was
named originally in honour of Lord Ilamsay, eldest son of the Earl of
Dalhousie, then a mere boy, who paid a visit to the new settlement in
this or the following year. The Legislature granted the sum of £300 for
the road leading through it in 1820.
In another letter addressed to Colonel Darling, then military secretary
to Lord Dalhousie, and l^earing date, March, 1819, Major Smythe makes
reference to several individuals whose names are identified with the
history of the county. Of Mossman he says : " He has a wife, a son
twenty years of age, and two daughters — one seventeen, the other eighteen
years old," and calls the father a discharged artillery-man. In speaking
of Robert Daly, he declares that he works hard for a living, " and resides
*Afterwiird killed by (iorinley.
t Still familiarly called "the township."
IIISTOIIV nK WNAIMH.IM. 2(17
with hiH fatlit'i- in liiw',' Ot' iiiiutlici, lii> atliniiM, " Dmiit'l Ijirkiii liiui, oik
certificate of ^ikmI oluuiietcr fniin ('ii|itiiiii iloyt, Iwcn tiiki'ii on [tlu'
ration liHt f{ iiguin, " iirid that "VVilHon hiiM u iur^o fiiniily, is iii(iustrious,
nnd (h'H«M'vt>s to liav<> thi> lot of liiiiil itiijoiiiiuK lot K."
In tli«i s|>rin>^ of IHJ.'i, tht- Aiiniinistriitor of tin* Uovernint'iit, Mr.
Wiillrice, wiiM in'titioiuMJ hy ii Iiiryf nuinlM'r of settlerM for iin liltoriition in
thvt rumi U>a(iiiiK front Annapolis to their H«>ttl«>nii>nt. Th«>ir appliciition
wiiH ii|i|irovt'<l in Council on th»' I'rttli of Mny. Tli»' clmnKf a.skfd for wnn
(Icsigni'd to avoid, nn much as possil>lt', tlic hilln over which the old road
had liM'en constructed, and to lesnen tiie distance Itetween their hoincN and
the town where thi'y exchanged the priMlucts of tlieir I'lhour for the coni-
nuMJities re(|uired for c<»nsuniption in their lioiiseholds. The followin;,'
are the names of tlie petitioners: Uoltert .Stailiny, William (Jilmon, .lohn
Muckler, John Dunn, Thomas Anderson, James Aul, (r. Hanulton,.
Christopher Jackson, Menry ln>,'lis, Joseph Matthews, Joseph \Vo(Mllanils,
Hernard ^fcConnelly, James McLau^ldin, Thomas Minchin, Jt)hn Holland,
James Whitman,* William Dargie, James Wilson, William Lynch,
William Ramsay, Thomas Ihickler, William Copeland, John Copeland,
William Barry, and James McWade.
On the ICth May, Judge Ritchie informed the Government that he
could not make any arrangement with the Eassons in relation to the
damages done to them, or that would he done to them in carrying out tiie
prayer of the petitioners, and stated it as his oj)inion that they should
not be paid more than £')0, and that Matthew Ritchie should also he
paid for losses accruing to him from the same cause.
Among the names of the grantees of this settlement will be found
those of James Uormley and Christopher Jackson — names to which con-
siderable interest has always been attache<l from a tragedy connected
with them. Tlie atiair to whicli I refer occurred in 1826 or 1827, I think,
when the latter was killed by the former in a (|uarrel which took place
from a trivial cause, while on a visit with several of their neighlwurs, to
Annapolis, probably to draw their pensions, (ilormley, excited by passion
and perhaps by drink, struck Jackson with an iron instrument. He was
arrested in consequence of the blow proving fatal, and tried before the
Supreiie Court on an indictment for murder, but was convicted of the
lesser offence only (manslaughter), and sentenced to imprisonment for a
term of years. An attempt having been made in 1829 to obtain a com-
mutation or remission of the sentence, a number of persons memorialized
the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, not to grant it for
reasons set forth.
I need not apologize to the reader for introducing here some uhort
notices of a few of the families whose names appear in the original list of
*A pre-loyiilist, married a ilaiighter of the Rev. Jacob Bailey.
2()S HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS.
grantees in this settlement, and who have continued to occupy the lands
without interruption till the present time :
William Dargie, J. P., and his brothers Alexander and James — the sons
of the late William Dargie, who was the manager of one of the ration
stations or depots in the early days — still occupy the homestead and the
adjoining lands, besides being the proprietors of a grist and saw-mill, and
liave acquired in consequence of their industry and integrity, considerable
inHuence in their neighbourhood. It is much to their credit to say that
they have taken a very warm interest in educational matters, and soon
after the law creating free schools came into operation, the settlement was
laid off into sections, one of which, " The Dargie section," was soon
furnished with a school-house, and a school opened in which good service
has been done, and these results have been largely attributable to the
efforts of these men and a few of their neighbours. The Dargies and
Bucklers at this place were the first to commence lumbering operations
on the American system, and thus to give an impetus to the business
that without their efforts would have continued to languish for want of
knowledge and enterprise.
Another school-house exists at the mouth of tlie township road
(llamsay) and has been of considerable service there. This part of the
settlement rejoices in the possession of the only house of worship in West
Dalhousie. It is a neat little building situated on the bank of a beautiful,
though small lake and surrounded with a fine grove of the populi-folia, or
poplar-leaved birch, under the shade of which are to be seen many small
hillocks indicating the 'ast earthly resting place of many of those who
were pioneers in the labour of improvement in this region. This church
belongs to the Episcopalians, and is now included in the new parish of
Round Hill.
>Saw-mills are owned by various individuals in the settlement besides
those named. Edward Devinney and sons own a fine mill situate on the
stream that flows past his dwelling, and Durland and others are the pro-
prietors of another on the Port Medway River, near the lakes called " The
Spectacles " ; and there are also several others * and a shingle machine in
the eastern settlement, from which large quantities of pine and spruce
logs have been " driven " down the sinuous channels of the streams
leading into the La Have River, through which to find their way to the
gang-mills at Bridgewater and its vicinity. These and other causes have
much mitigated the condition of the settlers, which for a considerable
period was one of chronic poverty and comparative idleness. As the old
pensioners died and their pensions fell in, their descendants were obliged
to look to other sources for the means to maintain their families, so that
* Since the text was written most of these mills have been superseded by portable
steam saw-mills. — [Ed.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 269
poverty is now the exception and humble competence the rule, while
many have risen to circumstances of comfortable independence.
Amony the names of the petitioners above cited there is one that
deserves h(mourable mention for his personal worth — I mean the late
John Aul. He came to Halifax in 1804, in an armed brig of war which
in that year brought out a detachment of artillery to which he belonged.
He was then a young man, and expected from his profession that he
might be called to visit many places in different parts of the world.
He determined to be made a member of the order of Free and Accepted
Masons, if it were possible. He was recommended in the usual way to
Virgin Lodge, of that city, by a member of the lodge, accepted and received
his first degree, when his detachment was placed under orders to proceed
to Jamaica, on which a lodge of emergency was called and he obtained
the two following degrees and his Master's certificate. The brig sailed at
the appointed time and had an extremely pleasant and rapid voyage until
within a short distance of St. Ann's, the port to which she was bound.
" The evening," said the old gentleman to the writer a few years ago,
" was a very fine one, and 1 was happy in the belief that I would soon be
where I might be of use to my king and country. We had reason to think
that we might find ourselves in circumstances of danger as we approached
the island, as the French had many fine frigates afloat in West Indian
waters, but on this evening, knowing from the report of the captain that
if no untoward event occurred, at daylight in the morning we should
by our reckoning be in sight of the headland covering our port, we were
in high spirits, and congratulated ourselves in having escaped the vigilance
of our enemies, and we retired to our hammocks in this happy state of
mind. At early dawn in the morning we were aroused by the booming
report of a gun of much heavier calibre than any we carried in our small
brig, and coming on deck we beheld the land we expected to see, but we
also saw what we did not expect to see, a fine large French frigate to
windward of us, and so near that there was no possibility of escape. It
was the discharge of one of her guns across our bows that had awakened
us. A very short council of war was held, at which it was resolved that
it would be an act of madness to fight a ship of her size, armament and
crew ; and as we could not run away from her, it was decided to surrender,
wliich we did. The French commander immediately sent a boat with an
oflicer co boerd|us and dispose of us as prisoners of war. This officer spoke
no English, but one of ours understood French, though not very thoroughly.
At length I was told that the keys to my trunks were required, and I at
once delivered them to him. He examined my baggage very closely and
took possession of the papers found among them, and glanced at them in
a helpless kind of manner — owing no doubt to the lack of knowledge of
the language in which they were written — till he reached my Masonic
270 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
certificate, which was written in the Latin tongue, when he asked the inter-
preter to whom it belonged, and I was pointed out to him as the person.
He bowed politely to me, and then told his interpreter to tell us that the
otticers of the ship would, if they desired, be put on shore on the point of
land nearest to St. Ann's, and allowed to take all their personal property
with them. He then expressed his regret that it was out of his power to
land us nearer and thereby save us the trouble we might experience in
reaching our destination, a thing he would willingly do if it were not for
the danger he would run in being himself captured by some of our vessels
then in the neighbourhood. Our vessel was, of course, taken as a prize,
and the crew and men made prisoners, but the rest of us were safely
landed at the cape. All our papers, valuables and other property we were
permitted to take with us. Our foe," continued he, " was a Freemason."
Mr. Aul was one of the oldest Masons in the Province at the time of
his death. He was for several years in government or city employ at
Halifax. He was married and had issue. One of his daughters is the
-wife of John Buckler, Esq., J. P., and has a large family. Her husband
and all the families in the county bearing that name are of English
origin, and some of the heads of them were natives of Devonshire. They
have generally been distinguished by their sobriety, industry and thrift,
and possess considerable local influence in their district.
In 1833 a man named Gregory murdered an elderly woman, a Mrs.
•Catherine Inglis. The circumstances attending this murder excited the
people of the whole county. The scene of the outrage was a spot a little
to the eastward of the mouth of the Perrott Road, near its junction with
the Dalhousie Road, and several days elapsed after the commission of the
crime before the body was discovered. The skull of the unfortunate
•woman had been broken by the use of a triangular piece of ash timber,
known as a " stave bolt," which was found lying near. In his confession
he said the double crime was committed before dark and in great haste,
«,nd after killing her he dragged the body aside to the swamp where she
was ultimately found ; that on reaching his home and reflecting upon his
<leed, it occurred to him that he might not have killed her, and that she
might survive to testify against him ; and in consequence of this doubt
he returned to the spot and found her alive, though speechless, and, with
the weapon spoken of, he then finished his bloody work, wrenched her
-wedding-ring from her finger, and took a small coin — a smooth sixpence
— from her pocket, returned home and went to his work. This coin was
afterwards a means to his conviction, as well as the ring, and his conduct
during the search — the former having been found in his possession and
identified as property of the deceased. He was indicted at the Septem-
ber term of the court, 1833, tried and convicted, and soon after executed
at Hog Island.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 271
MAITLANT).
This settlement is situatetl on the road leading from Annapolis to
Liverpool, and its southern extremity abuts on the south line of the
county. It is nearly ten miles in length, and is intersected near its
centre by the Liverpool River (why should this stream not be called
Rossignol after its discoverer?), down which for many years vast
quantities of spruce and pine timber have found their way, by the aid
of the sturdy and adventurous stream-driver, to the saw-mills of Queens
County, at the head of the harbour of the good old town of Liverpool.
Its geological character is somewhat anomalous, its soil being mainly
formed of decomposed granite, while the near undei-lying rocks are
chiefly metamorphic slates. Granite boulders predominate in the settle-
ment ; and; as I have said, the soils, when cultivated, indicate such an
origin, though the hard whinstones and slates which give character to
the gold belt of the Province, are always found at no great depth below,
and quartz veins have been found in very many places, some of them
being of the rose-coloured \ariety and of great breadth, but whether of
gold-bearing character or not has not been determined, nothing having
been undertaken to test the fact, nor is it at all probable that anything
will be done in that direction until after the timber supply shall have
become exhausted. It is possible, however, that another generation may
find employment for its energies in the pursuit of gold-mining. The
farms in this locality make excellent returns for the culture and care
expended on them, but they do not receive the generous treatment and
undivided attention necessary to really profitable results, nor will this be
the case wliile the lumber interest, above referred to, continues to be of
paramount importance to the settler.
The same general fact may be affirmed in relation to horticultural and
pomological pursuits, though, from the slight eftbrts made in these
branches of industry, it has become apparent that ample success would
crown the intelligent and scientific endeavours of all who might engage
in them.
The family to which this district is most largely indebted for its
gradual and healthy development, bears the name of Kempton. Two or
three brothers of that name were the first to begin the work of clearing
away the forests preparatory to the creation of homesteads for themselves
and their families in this, then, far-oif and remote wilderness. It was
about the beginning of the second quarter of this century, that these
hardy and adventurous pioneers commenced their labours. Until the
time of the administration of Sir Peregrine Maitland, I think, the place
was called " Kempton's Settlement," but at the period indicated it
received its present name in honour of the Governor.
272 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Although scarcely more than a generation has passed away since the
" forest primeval " was monarch of all it surveyed, the first settlers and
their children, who still own and occupy a large portion of its area, have
lived to witness a change seldom brought about in so short a time. In
less than half a century the wilderness — the home of the wild beast and
of solitude — has blossomed, and the fruit borne has taken the form of
homes — the happy homes of many hundreds of intelligent, industrious,
moral and loyal subjects of the best sovereign who ever occupied the
throne of our "great Mother Country" ; of a people who have erected saw
and grist mills, churches, school-houses and temperance halls, and who
have, in their humble yet earnest way, always cast their aid and
influence in defending and fostering the riyht, or what they believed
to be the right, in opposition to the ivrong, whether in the domain of
morals, religion oi pf)litics. A triweekly mail which formerly passed
through the settleni»»nt, has in later years been succeeded by a daily one.
The trade of the settlement has two outlets — one towards Annapolis, from
which it is separated by a distance of twenty-eight miles ; the other
toward Liverpool, which is at a somewhat greater distance. Among the
inhabitants who became settlers here at an earlj' period, I must not
forget to mention Nimrod Router, a very intelligent, though somewhat
eccentric individual, who cast in his lot with the dwellers in this region
fifty or sixty years ago ; and of " Mike Sypher," the acquisition of a
much later period, and who also possesses some very agreeable peculiari-
ties.* Mr. Sj'^pher is descended from a Loyalist family which came to
Digby in 1783. His cheery " such is life," when any misfortune over-
took him was such as to inspire even a misanthrope with good humour
and hopefulness. Said he to the writer one day, speaking of the Loyalists
who hivA settled in the district just named, " They were very intelligent
and tolerably well educated ; at least they ought to have been, for they
always had ' Read, Wright, and Sypher with them ' " — in allusion to his
own name and those of two others who had domiciled themselves in the
same locality.
Maitland is situated in the heart of the lumbering section of the
southern part of the county, and its welfare has been much influenced by
the prosecution of that industry, and it is to be feared rather injuriously
than otherwise. The forests have claimed and received more attention
than the farms, and its agricultural interests have suflered in an inverse
proportion to the success of the lumbering business. It is to be hoped,
however, that this vital industry will soon receive more systematic and
intelligent care, and that a new era of prosperity will be inaugurated,
* Since the author's death removed to Digby Neck, where he still lives, but still
owning his Maitland farm. — [Ed.]
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 278
from which the most beneficial results may be anticipated to the people
in the increase of their wealth and the extension of their settlement.
This district, like most of the more recent settlements, was largely
granted to persons residing in the old townships. Among those who thus
held grants I may name Colonel James Eager, of Wilraot; William
Morehouse, Esq., of Annapolis ; John H. Ditmars, Stephen llyerson,
James R. Purdy, Gabriel Purdy, Joseph A. Purdy, and Silas Potter, of
Clements, and Frederic Hardwick, of Annapolis. Besides these there wei-e
several grantees who belonged to Queens County. Of these individuals,
Colonel Eager was a Loyalist, who received a grant of land in Wilmot,
adjoining that of Colonel Samuel V. Bayard. Mr. Eager died about
1830, leaving one son, John H. Eager, Estj., who survives?, and two or
three daughters. The old homestead became afterwards the property of
Captain Gow, late of Her Majesty's navy, to whom the son sold it. Mr.
Morehouse was the son of a Loyalist, and was born in Digby County,
where his father had settled. He was a Deputy Surveyor for the county
for many years, and it was he who planned and surveyed the settlement.
He died at an advanced age at his farm in South VVilliamston, leaving
two sons, both of whom are deceased. For particulars of Ditmars (who
married in 1825, Floralia, daughter of the late Abraham Gesner, M.P.P.),
Stephen Ryerson, the Purdys and Potters, see the history of Clements,
and the genealogies in other parts of this work. Frederic Hardwick, the
grantee whose name has been above mentioned, was a son of one of
the pre-loyalists of 1760, and who settled shortly after that time near
"Saw-mill Creek," on a farm that is yet owned and occupied by his
descendants. (See genealogies.)
N(H{THFIELD
Lies to the eastward of Maitland, and but two or three miles distant from
it. It is but a small district, and in soil, productions, and in general
characteristics resembles the latter settlement, as it also does in the
character of its people. The soil is very productive, but not very intelli-
gently cultivated, lumbering operations having resulted injuriously in
that respect. The settlement lies partly in Annapolis and partly in
Queens County, and is provided with a school-house and school, the
section, being a " border section," receiving support from both counties.
It may be proper to mention here that quartz boulders are found in
this settlement, much in the same way they are known to exist at Waverly
and other gold districts; and as the underlying rocks resemble those in
which auriferous quartz has been found, it is scarcely problematical that
gold exists there, especially as " mundic " or pyriticcd substances are
known to abound in the rocks of the neighbourhood.
18
274 HISTORV OF ANNAPOLIS.
DELONll SETTLKMENT.
This small settlement lies to the eastward of Maitland and Northfield,
and takes its name from a Mr. Belong, a descendant of a Loyalist
family of that name (probably of Huguenot ancestry), who settled in
VVilmot in about the year 1800. There are a few other families located
liert, among whom is one named Roddy or Rawding, whose fathers were
Loyalists and original settlers in Digby.
The soil in this district resembles that of Northfield, and is very pro-
ductive when fairly cultivated, yielding excellent cereal crops and other
vegetables. Lumbering is also prosecuted in the winter season by the
inhabitants.
PK RROTT SETTLKM K NT.
This settlement lies nearly south-east from the town of Annapolis. It
was granted in 1821 to a certain numl)er of persons who had belonged to
the military branch of the public service, most of whom I believe were of
Loyalist origin. It takes the name fi"om a Captain Perrott, a Loyalist,
though his name does not appear among the grantees, and consists of a
numl)er of farms lying on both sides of the road leading through it,
having a length of six or eight miles. The soil of these farms is mostly
of a loamy character, well adapted to the growth of staple vegetable
crops, but not very thoroughly cultivated — the attention of the farmers
having too frequently been diverted to lumbering operations. Most
of the inhabitants, however, obtain a good livelihood for themselves and
families from these combined sources of wealth, and its educational
prospects were soon much improved by the Act of 1864 relating to this
vital subject. It has been provided with a place of worship according to
the forms of the Church of England, attached to which is a neat burial-
ground. The settlement is admirably watered, and several excellent
mill sites exist, tesides those which are now occupied. The district which
it covers is somewhat hilly and diversified in scenery. The list below
given contains the names of the original grantees :
Anderton, James. tjiray, James. Muir, William.
Baker, Thomas. Hudson, Lieut. Henry. McLaughlin, John.
Barry, William. Ingles, William. Norman, Joseph.
Collins, Garrett. James, Thomas. Robinson, Lieut, George.
Copeland, John. Keenan, Michael. Smith, Henry.
Collins, Richard. Lynch, Hugh. Sanks, George.
Gray, WiUiam. Lynch, William. Winniett, Ensign J.
Morris, Uennis.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 275
ROXBURY, OR DURLAND'S SETTLEMENT.
This small settlement is situated nearly south from the l)eautiful
Paradise District and about six miles from it, and derives its original
name from Thomas Durland and another of the name who were sons or
grandsons of Daniel Durland, an original grantee of Mount Hanley in
Wilmot. The settlement lies chieHy lietween the base; line of the front
lots of the township of Annapolis and the south line of the same township,
and has a soil consisting of the detritus of granitic rocks mingled with a
sort of clay loam — a strong and productive soil, yielding fair returns in
all the usually grown cereals and other vegetable crops. Apples are
cultivated in it with good results, and the small wild fruits, comprising
the gooseberry, raspbei-ry, blueberry and strawberry, are pi'oduced in
profuse abundance. The streams and lakes in its neighl)ourlux)d abound
in trout and perch and afford a fine field for the operations of the dis-
ciples of Izak Walton. One of the settlers bears the name of Hinds — a
name which the reader may recall as being the same as that of a family
among the oigiiuil applicants for lands in Annapolis township in 1759.
Farming and lumbering chiefly employ the attention of the inhabitants
who gain a fair livelihood from these pursuits. The district forms a school
section, and the people have built a neat school-house which is also, on
occasions, used as a place of pul)lic worship.
BLOOMINOTON.
This settlement lies to the south-east of Nictaux Falls village on what
was formerly called the Wheelock Road — so named from the late Elias
Wheelock who owned a lot of land contained in the angle formed by the
said road and the main highway leading eastwardly to Canaan mountain,
now called Torbrook. This gentleman was distinguished for his activity
as a pioneer in the work of cultivation and improvement in this region,
and was for many years a deputy surveyor of Crown lands in the county.
In the latter decade of the last century the whole county south of his clear-
ing was an unbroken forest of pine, spruce, hemlock, birch, beech, maple,
ash and other deciduous trees, giving evidence of a strong and productive
soil and pointing it out as a proper location for a settlement. The road
through it which was surveyed by him, was afterward extended still
farther southwardly toward Lunenburg, by which name it has long Ijeen,
and still is known. The lands on both sides were granted in blocks of
considerable size to various individuals — one of whom was Robert
Dickson, formerly sheriff of the county. These grants were mostly
bounded on the west by the Nictaux River, and were left uncleared and
uncultivated for a great many years, many of them having only recently
been cut up and sold " in lots to suit purchasers."
270 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
The Viditos, a Ijoyulist family, wore among the first settlers in tliis
(iistrict, and several families of that name are still domiciled in it. In
recent years, the timber, which has escapefl tlie ravages of fire, lias been
extensively utilizefl and made a source of considerable profit to the inhabi-
tants, but when that article shall have ceased to be available, it is feared
that nothing will be found to supply its place ; but as the soil is very good
it may be predicted that the inhabitants will realize a fair subsistence
from its cultivation, especially if they should be induced to adopt more
scientific and skilful methotls. The people have supplied themselves with
school accommodation, and in morals and religion compare favourably
with those of other sections of the county.
NEW ALBANY.
This settlement was surveyed and laid out early in the present century,
by Phineas Millidge, eldest son of Thomas Millidge, Escjuire, who was
for many years one of the representatives of the county. He appears to
have been engaged in this work in 1801 or 1802, for in 1804 he petitioned
the Legislature to be reimbursed for losses sustained by fire during the
survey, in which he was assisted by Nathaniel Parker (afterwards
appointed a commissioner to settle the district), Joseph Morton, John
McCormick (of Granville), George Harvey, and George Buchanan. The
loss sustained was caused by the accidental burning of their camp, by
which their clothing and provisions were consumed. Compensation was
granted to them in a bulk sum, which was ordered to be divided among
them in the ratio of their individual losses.*
The road through the settlement had been cut out before 1806, for in that
year Charles Whitman was granted the sum oijive pounds, to pay hira for
keeping the road open from the eighteen-mile tree to Cleaveland's t — that
is, to cut out the windfalls that might obstruct the travel for that year.
In 1809 £100 was voted for the Liverpool Road, a part of which would
be expended on that portion of it which extended through Albany, and
Nathaniel Parker was appointed a commissioner to expend it. The
settlement is bounded on the north by the south line of the second
division of the township of Annapolis ; on the east by the Nictaux River;
on the south by the north rear line of the Dalhousie lois, and on the
west by the western lines of the lots contained in it, and by Trout Lake,
a fine expansion of a brook that discharges its waters into the Nictaux
* Journals of Assembly for 1803.
t Journals of Assembly for 1806. Cleaveland's farm was situated on the road
leading from Nictaux Falls to the new settlement and within two miles of it. It was
in later years owned by Thomas Banks. Mr. Cleaveland was one of the grantees of
Albany, his lot being No. 29, which was afterwards owned by Charles Whitman —
perhaps escheated and regranted to him.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 277
jiftor crossing tlie Hettlfiuent nt'iu- its southern «xtreniity. The load
which traverses it is very hilly, in some places liaving been cui*rie<l over
the highest hills. The soil is prwluotive and generally well cultivated ; it
is formed of clay loams mingled with tiie deti'itus of granitic rocks of the
district. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips and
mangold-wurzel ai-e successfully grown, and are a source of considerable
profit to the farmer. It is well watered and productive in grasses as it
pt»8ses,se8 some valuable meadow lands. The streams and lakes almund
in trout and j)erch, and aHord fair leturns to the sportsmen wlio venture
to try their luck in tliem. The writer has seen the latter fish taken in
Z wicker's lake, near the .south end of the settlement, of the size of a
mackerel, and they are to be preferred to the former for their Havour
and delicacy.
The following is a list of the names of the first grantees of the lands
in the settlement, with the number of acres in each lot. The lots are
numbered from nortli to south beginning with No. C.
Lot. NAMR8. Acres, i Lot. N'amks. Acres.
6 Oarrett Clayton 243 j 21 Isaac Wliitnmn 230
7 John Saunders 230
8, 9, 10, Ungrantcd.
1 1 Solomon Marshall 280
12 Daniel Whitman 230
13 Klisha Marshall 170
14 WiUiam Chute 126
15 James Anderson 230
jg ( Samuel Felch 150
22 Solomon Miirsliall 230
23 Beriah Bent 605
24 Jacol) Whitman 230
25 Jno. Whitman Tuffts 312
26 Daniel Whitman 280
27 Henry Parker 328
28 Daniel Benjamin
29 Ezekiel Cleaveland 290
Abraham Chute 100 i 30 John Sanders, jun 280
17 Samuel Bayard 230 [ 31 Nathaniel Benjamin 400 '
18 Samuel Bancroft 230 { 32 Nathaniel Benjamin
19 Jeremiah Bancroft 230 ! 33 Daniel lienjamin
20 Obadiah Marshall 230 ' 34 Henry Zwicker (recent grant) . . 200
In 1817 many of these lots had changed owners. Clayton's (No. 6) lot
had been bought by John Saunders, jun. ; No. 8 had been granted to Abiel
Robbins, sen.; Daniel Whitman had purchased No. 13; Nos. 14 and 15
had been sold to William Davis; 17 liad been purchased from Samuel
Bayard by Samuel Marshall; and 18 and 19 by Abel Beals; Isaac
Whitman had become the owner of 20 ; and Maynard Parker of 22 ;
Henry Parker had bought 26, and Charles Whitman 29, while the late
John Merry had become the proprietor of 30, which had been granted to
John Saunders, jun. These facts may be verified by reference to the
subjoined report which will speak for itself :
278
HI8TOKY nV ANNAFULI8.
" Suti'incnt of th<' Settlement an<l th<me that have Hettlod on the road that leads
from Nii'taux to Livi>r|MHil, and the land that ih granttHl and what Ih Liahlu to l>e
eacheatod. Nettled under the direction of the SubHoriber.
"(Signed*, \atiiamki. I'ahkkr,
" Coinmimiiuiier to yit StUlem."
Lot.
NAMKS.
J IS-
3
6, 7
8
11
12, 13
14, 15
16
17
18, 19
'20, 21
22
23
24
26
26,27
28
29
.SO
31i,32
33
37, 38
Ahiel Robbing
John Saundurfi, jiin. , . .
Abiel KobbinH, gen
Solomon MnrHhall, jun.
Daniel Whitman, jun . .
William Davis
Samuel FeU'h
Samuel Marghall
Abel Beala
iHaac Whitman
Maynard Parker
*Beriah Bent
John Whitman, jun. . . .
John W. Tuffts
Henry Parker
Daniel Benjamin
Charles Whitman
John Merry
Nathaniel Benjamin . . . .
do. do
Church Morse
1
6
11
4
6
6
50
4
30
52
23
20
20
25
70
7
2
20
50
100
20
70
50
10
ItKMAKKH.
Granted.
A iinltliy.
Oraiiteil.
1
1 I
1 >
I
1 I
1
Granted— I. iiible to be
eiK'heated.
■ Granted— K. side of road.
. j Drowned l»t May, 1817.
The district possesses two or more school-houses, a Baptist church,
a grist and several saw mills, one of which was situated near its northern
boundary, and is known as " Patterson's gang-mill," having been built
by James Butler Patterson, an enterprising American gentleman who,
having become the proprietor of extensive lands on the Nictaux River,
expended large sums in the construction of tliis valuable mill and in clear-
ing out the river and its tributaries and building dams, and who will long
be remembered by the people of this part of the country for his enterprise
and many manly qualities, as well as for his having been the pioneer in
the introduction of a new and improved method of conducting luml)ering
operations on a large scale. This property was sold to Messieurs Pope,
Vose it Co., who in their turn sold to the enterprising firm of Davison
Bros., who still continue to manufacture several million feet of boards
annually, which of late years find their way via the Nova Scotia Central
Railway to Bridgewater, in Lunenburg County, whence they are shipped
to various markets. This branch of industry has contributed largely to
the material prosperity of this settlement.
Lost at sea a few years after this day.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 279
HPRINOFIKLD, OR ORINTON SKTTLEMKNT.
From the eiirlioHt rocolltwtion of the writer until al)<)ut the middle of
the century, this locality woh Iwst, in fact only, known by the latter name.
John Grinton, a native of Scotland, and, I believe, of Glasgow, soon
after his arrival in the Province took up his abode at or near Ijawrence-
town, where, with his family, he lived several years. This man was the
first applicant for a grant of lands in this settlement, and became one of
the first settlers there. Another Scotchman, a Glasgow man, Arod
McNayr by name, became a grantee and settler in the same year. The
former is said to have built the first house, and the latter to have
constructed the first barn in it. The descendants of these men yet find
homes and farms on the lands granted to their fathers. Three-quarters
of a century has passed away since the pioneer's axe was first heard in
this now fine district, but which was then a dense wilderness of mixed
and mighty forest trees. It had to be approached from East Dalhousie
by a bridle-path a distance of several miles. Tt was through such a road,
and on horseback, that the wives and children of Grinton and McNayr
were guided on the way to their new forest homes. The almost heroic
courage and devotion which animated these worthy women cannot fail
to excite our admiration. The sacrifices made by them can scarcely be
measured by any standard known to us of to-<lay. The loss of the public
worship of God, of the social intercourse with old friends and neigh-
bours and relatives without which life loses half its zest ; the deprivation
of the comforts and conveniences of living long enjoyed ; the loneliness
and sometimes the dangers of life in the woods, and the certain prospect
of a life of toil and privation in the future — all these sacrifices were
made with admirable fortitude because they were made by willing hearts,
and it is believed that the satisfaction which accompanies such deeds
sweetened the declining years of their long lives.
For several years these people had to convey such supplies as they
were not otherwise able to produce, through roadless forests on their own
shoulders or tiiose of a horse. This condition of things was experienced
until a considerable lapse of time had occurred, but it gradually, at first
very gradually, began to give place to a better one.
FALKLAND.
It was not long after the settlement was formed in Springfield, that
the first attempt was made to commence the work of improvement in
Falkland, or as it was for some years called, " the Eastern Settlement," in
allusion to its position in relation to the former. There is a ridge of high-
lands extending in a southerly direction and lying between the Mill Lake
280 lllSTdUY OK ANNAI'OMH.
Uivor on tlic west luul llit> imiiii LuKiivi- Kivcr on I lit- ciist, iiiiil it is on
this ridgr tliiit th<< st'ttlt'iniuit is situiiti'il. It is iipproiuluMl by i\ roml
Itiiuiiri^ from tlio Nictuux iiiid Lunonhuix Uoiid, not fur north of (irinton's
f^niiit, fidui whicli, lifter priKcfdiiiL; ii couple of iniles in a soiitli ciiHlcrly
direction, the district is j^iiined, wiicn the road ptirHiicH a course nearly
duo south till it ayain meets the Nictaux and fAtnonhurj;.
The farms are ie;4ularly laid out to i>.\tend east and west, or neaily
HO, from the id;{hway, and contain one hundred acres each, with tiie
exception of a ^'rant of twejvi- hundred acres in <iiie Mock, to liieut.-
Col. (!. I'', 'i'hompson, t(»wai(i its southern extremity, which has in somo
degree interfered with the uniformity of more recent surveys.
The land is liere umisually ^'ood anil well suited to .li^iicidtui-al opera-
tions, and though mure or less lirokcn Wy granite liouhlcrs and d) kes, it
alt'oi'ds excellent pasturage and a considerable ipianiity ut' saluabic tillage
land. It is \\i II watered, and pro(hicesall the staple far in crops which c;in
he rniseil in other parts of the county. I"]v(!n apples aird plunrs ha\e licet,
gr'own in tlii'se rcmotit districts with ccjnsiderable success, though not,
pcihajis, ill siillicieiit (|uantities to supply liomo consumption. There can
bo but little rnorii for doubt that the centennial of these settlenierrts will
witness a very considc'rabh; change in their appc.i ranee, pojiulation and
l)rodut'tiori, and that the inhabitants of that per'iod will be able to
produce all the fruits ilrai may be rcvpiir-ed for their own use.
The names of th(! original grantees of this place ;u-e us follows : Lieu-
tenant OoIoikiI (!. F. Thoiiijisoii ; Sergeant liobert Sluddart, one of who.so
sons now lives on one of the lots gr'anted to him ; l"'id\\;ir-d .Marshall and
Marsh.'dl, .Abn'iis Swallow and a few others. ()f these, iIk; .Mar-
shalls are desccndi'd fr'om the old pr-e loyalist settlers of tht; .\niia,polis
valley. Sloddait was an original sijttlcr in Dalhousic, and his lots in
this jilace wei-e intended to be a provision for lii^' ;ons at some future
time; and Thompson's was a rew.ard for' milit.uv ser'\ices. The latter
properly has been improved' by a Mr-. Sproule, a descendarrt of one of the
old Massachusetts colonists, an<l is held by him in the (U'fault of the
appearaiici; of the heirs of Thompson to claim its possession. The
inhabitants of this settlement ar(^ (-(lually industrious, .sober, intolligent
and moral as tlieii' neighbours in tli(! sister settlements. Thi'y have a
school-house and maintain a school, an<l they worship in rh(^ churches of
Springfield, to the construction and maintenanci^ of which they have in
some degiec contributed. The name it bears was given in lionour of the
late Lord Falkland, sometime Governor of the Province, and it is very
freipiently called " Kalkland T'lidge." On the south-west sidc^ of Spr-ing-
field is a beautiful little lake, very appropriately named Lake Pleasant,
and a fine, though small settlement has l)een fonned there, called
IIISTOIIV OV AN'NAI'OMS. '2H\
I.AKK I'MIASAN'I'.
Till' siiiuitiiin iif tliis sftlliMin'Tit is very licuiitifiil iiulci'il. Tlu' load
I'liiitiiii;; lliri)ti<r|i it wiiuls iLJnn;^' tlii> Imii'<Ii'I's uf tlii' lukc, Imt in plno's is
t'loviitoil coiiHidi'iivlily iilxtvo its li'Vi'l, lliiis iitrurditii^ slij^htly ficviitiMl
positiiins fur till! (iwnlliiiijs of' tin- si'ttI»'i'H. Tim pioneer in llic umk <>t'
ciiilisiilinii lifTt' Wiis Mr. (!|i:uli's (Jriinilisun ImiiI, ii si»n nt' tlic Iiit<'
N('(lcl)i,ili i'.ciii, nt' .Mount lliinli'y, in W ilinui, iiml wiis, tlnri fmi', tlu'
)^riin<ls<in lit' line mI' ilir stiiisviirt imnii^'ninl.s from tlic nlij .Mii.Hsacini.sotfs
colony in I7t>0. This fiiniily for ilinc j^cnenitioriM liavn lici-n f.inuil fm
tlu) strrii,i,'tli, iKtivily iinii Imiilint ms of tlicii' phyNieiil stiuctur't', mul
(irandisun sliiirL'd in u ronsidcriilili' di'i^ri'c (iii.s idiosytuMasy <>f his
family.
Having' marricil a .Mi.ss HjiundeiH, a di'sci-ndiint of anotlu-r of tin'
prc^-Ii'valisi colonists, rvcn iiion' famed for their jihy.sieal prowess than
his arieestois were, he obtained a letter of ( )ct'iipation, in- a tjranl of a
hloeis of land I'estin}.; its eastern siiji- on tlie stream at the outlet of tin'
lake, \vher(( there was a ;,'ood mill [)riviU?!,'o and water power. II''
iunnediately conimeneed elearin^; his lot, and Mon after erirlicj i
dwelling lions(' and saw-mill, a liai'n and other huildings. The Innd
proved to he of e.xcellent (piality, and reuaided his laliour.s with nhundanl
crops, and his saw mill pioviiij.; a sourco of pr<»fit, ho Noon found hinis(;lf
the pos.sessor of a comjiarative oompetcneo, and loni/ sm\i\t'd to be
calle<l the father of the si'tlN'ment. .Mexander and Th<imas (li'inton,
sonsof •lolm, I he pioneer of S|ir'ini,'lield. obtained Ljrants of one hundred
acres each, as did also Stephen .lell'erson u£ tht* same place, and Charles
I'ertanx, l']s(|,, (»f Nictaux. I''alls, reetuved a ^rant of two hundred aores.
All these lots, savt> that of liont, have ehanu'ed hamls and been mor(> f)r
less improved with success. i\moni,' those who now oceufiy tliein f
cannot refrain from noting the great iini)rovements nnide on the i^ertaux
lot by Sidney Saunders, I']s(|., a brother of ^[rs. I'ont. His neat and
artisticall}' constructed cottaj^e is equalled by few that have b(>en erected
in any part of the county, and his barns, stables and other outbuildings
bear witness to hi.s taste ami thrift.
Ai,'rioultnre is tlu; staple industry, but lumbering operations are
carried on durii^g the winter season with considerable; profit.. I'leasant
Lake has its -ciiool-house also; but its elo.so contiguity to the chief
settU'ment renders it unnecessary to laiild a chinch, ns they do not tlnd
it inconvenient to attend divine servici; there. This place is well watered
and abounds in gooil pasturage, and the tillage lands aio generally
productive and fairly well tilled.
The itdiabitants are in no respect liehind those of the neighbouring
districts in sobriet}', industry and moral uprightness.
CHAPTER XVI.
HISTORY OF THE COUNTY AT LARGE, CONTINUED.
By the Editor.
Roads and bridges — Mail communications and facilities for travel improving — War
of 1812 — Sundry events — Election of 1836 — Division of • the county — Politics
of the county — Besponsible government — J. W. Johnstone— The college
question — Recent politics — Appendix — W. H. Riy — Remarkable storms and
weather — Executions in the county — A sad event.
IN 1786 some persons in Annapolis and Haliiax proposed to open a
road from Annapolis to St. Margaret's Bay, and asked for a grant
to each of a lot half a mile wide and two miles long, that is, 640 acres,
and the enterprise was favourably considered by the Government. The
record of the Grand Jury during the closing years of the last, and the
early years of the present century, abound in appropriations of sums of
money, large for that day, as direct contributions from the taxpayers,
for the construction of road and bridges, now the familiar and indis-
pensable thoroughfares of the county. In 1786 it was voted thi t each
town make and repair its own bridges. In <.iat year £25 was voted for
Saw-mill Creek bridge. In April, 1787, a committee was appointed to
lay out a road "from Bear River to AUain's Creek." In 1792 a sum was
granted for " finishing the Bridge crossing the easterly part of Wilmot
and Nictavx." In April, 1793, ^£20 for "finishing and repairing the
bridge over Moose River " was voted, and £20 more in 1796. In
April, 1799, the Grand Jury nominated "three persons for commis-
sioners for building Windsor bridge,* viz., Capt. Douwe Ditmars, Mr.
John Rice, and Capt. Frederic Williams," and also nominated Robert
Fitzrandolph, Ambrose Haighu and Benjamin Dodge, Esquires, as " a
committee for the purpose of carrying on a subscription for promoting
said work." In 1800 a sum was voted to "layout a road from Bear
River bridge to Moose River bridge." In April term of the sessions in
1802, the Grand Jury approve of the manner in which £50 was "laid
out " by Joshua Dc St. Croix on the north side of Annapolis River ;
* In the Countj' of Hants, showing this county contributing to improving com-
munication with Halifax by a work far beyond its own boundary.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 283
X200 by Nathaniel Parker and John Ruggles "from Mrs. Dodge's to
Lovett's brook " ; and £oO in Wiimot by Tlioinas Woodbury and Jolin
Wiswell, jnn. In 1806, the expenditure of £2(l0 by John Ruggles ii\
1801 on the " new road the south side of the Annapolis River lieginning a\.
the bridge near Mr. Dodge's and ending at Longley's," was similarly
approved. In September, 1808, the Grand Jury presented a sum of
money for laying out a road from the bridge mer the Annapolis River
(at liridgetown) to the main road, by tl»e Sheriff, William Winniett, Esq.,
and a jury, and X51 to John Hicks for damages to his land crossed by
this road.
In Ap'il term, 1788, the sum of £8 was "allowed" by the Grand
J ury *' to erect a pair of stocks in each of the townships, Annapoli.s,
Granville, Wiimot and Digby — £2 each."
We have seen (page 159) that at an early date the mails were carried
to and from Halifax, partly on foot anfl partly on horseback, once a
fortnight. Murdoch tells us that in the summer of 1 786 a courier was
employed by the post-office to cany letters from Halifax to Annapolis
fortnightly. This was enlarged to a weekly service on horseback, in
1796, the mails closing at 5 p.m. on Mondays. On the 9th day of May,
1813, a weekly post was established between Halifax and Digby, the
Legislature granting a subsidy of J200 for the purpose. The House of
Assembly during the session of that year voted £200 as a subsidy for
the establishment of a weekly communication between Annapolis and
St. John, N.B. This sum was placed at the disposal of Thomas Ritchie
and John Warwick, Es(juires, to effect the object intended.
The first steamboat between Annapolis and St. John, N. B., crossed
the Bay of Fundy in 1826.* Her name was the St. John. On February
1 9th, 1828, a petition of John Ward and other proprietors of the steamer
St. John, praying for an annual grant to assist them in running her, was
presented to the Legislature of Nova Scotia by Mr. Haliburton, then the
member for the county. This boat finally became the property of Mr.
James Whitney, of St. John, a gentleman who had married an Annapolis
lady, a sister of the afterwards renowned General Williams. Mr.
Whitney's name became from that time identified with the early steam
navigation of the Bay of Fundy, but the public reaped the benefit of an
enterprise which failed to secure wealth to its deserving promoter. The
Henrietta, a boat of fifty horse-power, was placed on the route in 1831 ;
she was succeeded a few years later by the Maid of the Mist, which, in her
turn, gave way to the Nova Scotian, built in Annapolis County, and owned
by a joint stock company.
In 1828 a tri- weekly line of stage.s, carrying the mails, began run-
ning from Halifax to Annapolis, the first coach starting from Halifax
• The Acadian Magazine, July, 1826. Lawrence's " Footprints of St. John," p. 89.
284 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
on June .h-d of that year. The service was daily from Halifax to
Windsor, and weekly from Annapolis to Digby. It seems to have
dropped to twice a week from Kentville about the year 1837, but from
1841 onward, the regular tri-weekly service continued without interrup-
tion. A subsidy of .£300 a year, for five years, was voted by the Legis-
lature ; reserving authority to the Governor to remit one trip per week.
The fares at first were £2 lOs. from Halifax to Annapolis, £1 7s. 6d.
from Kentville to Annapolis, and sixpence (ten cents) a mile for way
passengers.
In April, 1802, the Grand Jury "presented" the expense of a public
ferry being established across the Annapolis River opposite Job Pineo's
farra ; and in September, 1809, they recommended £20 toward building
a biidge at the same place. In April, 1807, the Grand Jury voted £20
for ■' building a compleat ferry boat for the use of Bear River Ferry."
The fir<«t bridge to supersede this ferry was commenced in 1864, and in
the autumn of 1865 was opened for traffic in presence of a large number
of people from both counties, who were addressed by Hon. Avard Longley,
M.P.P., William Hallet Ray, Esq., M.P.P., and others. It was built
wholly at the expense of the Provincial Government, and cost about
$26,000.
In 1808 Mr. Ritchie, member for Annapolis, introduced a bill to
regulate negro servitude within the Province. Although it passed its
second reading it never became law. During the same session Mr.
Warwick, member for the township of Digby, presented a petition from
John Taylor (Loyalist, Captain, and afterwards Colonel Taylor, ancestor
of the Taylors of Weymouth, Digby County), and from a number of other
proprietors of negro servants brought from the old provinces, stating that
owing to doubts entertained by the courts, such property was rendered
useless, the nr ;ro servants daily leaving their masters and setting them
at defiance, and praying a measure for " securing them their property or
indemnifj'ing them for its loss." Mention of slaves is quite frequent
in the records of the Grand Ju'-v prioi- to this year.
In 1811 there were fifty-one justices of the peace in the county;
although so long before the practice of appointing only partisans
demanded an enormous increase with every change of government. But
we must remember that the territorial extent of the county was very
large.
In 1812 war was declared against Great Britain by the United States.
In connection with this unhappy event, it is our duty to forever cherish
a grateful remembrance of the noble stand taken against it by the New
England people, -vho uttered strong and eloquent protests against the
declaration of war and any invasion of the provinces ; visiting those
whom they called the peaceful, and to them " unoffending " inhabitants
of British America with the horrors of war. When the news of the
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 286
declaration of war reached Boston all the vessels in the harbour immedi-
ately put their colours at half-mast except three, who were compelled to
do so by the populace. In consequence of this fraternal and worthy
feeling the Maritime Provinces were but little disturbed directly, but their
foreign trade, especially that with the West Indies, was, for the time,
broken up. The price of provisions, however, rose, helping the farmers
in this valley by increased remuneration for tlieir crops. Along the
Canadian frontier the war raged with great virulence, and the surviving
Loyalists and their sons, closely pursued by their old enemies into the
wilderness refuge to which they had betaken themselves, offered a brave
and bitter resistance to determined and powerful invaders. In this they
were gallantly assisted by their French-Canadian fellow-subjects, whose
incorruptible loyalty in the war of the revolution had saved Canada to
the Empire ; and the name of De Salaberry, the hero of Chateauguay,
will ever be illustrious in the history of British America. The wanton
destruction of Canadian towns and villages by American troops led to
severe reprisals by Great Britain in the most accessible southern States
after notice and warning to the American authorities; and the city of
Washington itself did not escjipe attack and partial destruction in
retaliation for the burning of " Little York," now Toronto, the capital of
Upper Canada. In the summer of 1812, an American privateer came
up the Bay of Fundy, and attempted a landing for predatory purposes at
Broad Cove, a few miles below Digby, and was driven off by the militia.
She returned in a few days, and a sharp skirmish ensued between her crew
and the militia, which resulted in the capture of her captain and a prize-
master, and their conveyance to Annapolis as prisoners of war. The rest
of her crew of twenty-eight men escaped. But although, except in this
instance, our soil was not invaded, our people suffered in their commercial
interests from the depredations of American privateers ; and the forcing of
their industry into new channels resulted in a reaction at the close of the
war that caused very serious commercial and industrial depression. The
following petition for " letters of marque and reprisal " was forwarded to
Sir John Cope Sherbrooke, the Governor, in July, 1813 :
"The petition of Phinehas Lovett, Junior, Esq., of Annapolis, humbly showeth :
That your petitioner is the sole owner of the scliooner called the Brooke, for
which he is desirous of obtaining Letters of marque ami reprisal against the ships,
vessels, and goods, wares and merchandize belonging to the citizens of the United
States of America. That the said schooner is of the burthen of fifty-two tons or
thereabouts ; that she is to carry five guns, to wit, one long gun, carrying shot of
nine pounds' weight, and two carronades carrying shot of nine pounds' weight, and
two carronades carrying shot of twelve pounds' weight, with several swivels and
musquets. That she is to be in fined with a crew of thirty-five men, and that Daniel
Wade (or William Smith) is to go Master. That she is to receive on board pro-
visions sufficient for the said crew for months.
" (Signed), Phineas Lovett, Jcn.
" Dated Halifax, July 2nd, 1813."
28(i HISTOUV OK ANNAPOLIS.
The prayer <>f tlie petition was granted Ijy Sir Jolin, and the com-
mission hore date 27tli September. T have not been able to trace the
history of the doings of this vessel. A privateer Ijuilt in Wihnot by
Charles Dodge and three sons of John (Jates, was captured by tlie
enemy on her way to Halifa.v for her armament. Peace was concluded
in Decembt'i', 181'), after four years of sanguinary strife, as fruitless,
except in bloodslied and bitterness, as it was uncalled for and unnec-
essary. Not one of the subjects wliich formed the grounds for the
declaration oi war was mentioned in the treaty of peace.
The summei' and autunui C)f 181.") were marked by a profligious
invasion of mice.* The numbers of these vermin were truly wonderful.
Nothing like it was ever seen before or since in the histoiy of the
province oi' county. The destruction they caused to crops was such as to
threaten a famine throughout the valley. The grain and grass suft'ered
greatly from their inroads, and they swarmed in the barns, out-houses
and dwellings of the inhabitants to such a degree that traj)s and cats
seemed alike powerless to lessen their numbers or to abate their raviges
to any appreciable degree. Tlie crops also suffered nmch from drought
in the years 181G and 1817. The year 1817 was remarkable for three
earthtiuake shocks, about sunrise of May 22nd, of a severity unusual in
this part of the globe. They were felt all ovei' the county, particularly
at Digl)y, where houses were shaken, anil the people much alarmed.
At the General Sessions for November term, 18.3."), £50 was voted to
repair the county jail, but before it could be expended the whole building
was destroyed by fire, and in the ensuing session the same amount, with
,£4.50 additional, was approi)riated toward building a new court-house and
jail, which Mr. Francis Lecain contracted to build. Pending its erection
the necessary courts were held in the new Catholic chapel, the County
Academy, and vacant stores.
In November, 1830, theie was a general election which, in this county,
turned on the long-vexed (juestion of the division of the county. The
people of the extreme ends of the county were, of cour.se, the most
desirous of a division, while those of the town of Annapolis and vicinity
were naturally reluctant to adopt a measure that might deprive them of
the advantages pertaining to the residents of a .shire town, and even in
Digby there was no little apprehension that Weymouth might be selected
as the sh.ire town of the new countj', which to the people of Digby would
be less convenient than the existing arrangement. William Holland
was brought forward by the people of Wilraot to run in conjunction with
Frederic A. Robicheau, of Clare, who would naturally command the
support of the Acadian French in the extreme west. The electors of the
•See Piittetson's "History of Pictoii Coutity" for an account of tills strange
phenomenon in the eastern part of the Province.
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HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 287
central portions of the county supported John W. Ritchie, of Annapolis,
then a rising young barrister, afterwards Solicitor-General and Judge in
K([uity, and William H. Roat';, the favorite in Dighy, who had for some
years been a popular nieml)er, and a prominent and influential man in
parliament, but who prol)ably had lost some of his local influence by his
removal to Halifax. James R. Lovett also ran independently. The
polling lasted a fortnight and was marked by a good deal of excitement
and considerable expense. The east and west combined prevailed over
the strength of the central districts, and Messrs. Holland and Robicheau*
were elected. In the township of Annapolis Elnathan Whitman was
returned by a small majority over Joseph Fitzrandolph, who was after-
wards appointed to the Legislative Council on its reconstruction in 1837
as a distinct body from the Executive. Hitherto the old Council had
exercised both legislative and executive functions, and sat with closed
doors, a system which the country had gradually outgrown. Through
the effiurts of Mr. Howe and his associates in parliament, a change was
made and respon.sible government introduced. While we condemn the
old system and the abuses to which it was subject, we must not without
discrimination condemn the men who administered it. They, as a rule,
if not universally, submitted gracefully to the new state of things, and
most, if not all, of the members of the old council of twelve at the time
of the change, were men who deserved well of the country for their
wisdom and patriotism in legislation and council. It would be as reason-
able to condemn popular government because occasionally a tyrannous
majority wields its power unjustly to its opponents, or unwisely in respect
to the public interests, or because now and then a worthy man fails to
secure the influence and position to which he is entitled. Mr. Fitz-
randolph resigned his seat after one session. The members of the
Legislative Council then received no pay or indemnity, the position being
deemed an honorary one, and hence it was .sometimes diflicult to get
country gentlemen to hold seats in it. The new Assembly met on the
last day of January, 1837, and during the session passed an Act to
divide the county, much to the satisfaction of the great body of the
people. Bear River for about four miles from its mouth was made the
boundary line between the two counties, and this had the efiect of
throwing the shire town into the western part of the county so far as to
leave the distance to the extreme western line but thirteen miles, or
thereabouts, while to the eastern and south-eastern boundaries it exceeded
forty. Hence an inevitable struggle commenced, and petitions were
promptly set on foot and forwarded to the Legislature, praying that
Bridgetown might be made the shire town, and counter-petitions praying
* Mr. Ritchie always complained that the French of Clare did not keep faith
with him at that election.
288 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
that no oliange he made. Five hundred and twenty-five persunu signed
the petitions in favour of the change, and eight hundred and thirty-one
against it. The (juestion was temporarily decided in favour of Annapolis,
but the residents in the eastern section, especially those of the thriving
and enterprising village of Bridgetown, were not satisfied ; until at length,
in the year J 869, an Act was passed requiring the terms of the Hupreme
Court to r.iternate between the two towns. Jiy virtue of this Act the
spring term of 1870 and every spring term since has been held at
Bridgetown, and the autumn term at Annapolis ; and the practice has
been instituted of dividing the important county offices, such as those of
Sheriff, Registrar of Deeds and Prothonotary of the Courts, between
the rival places. Thus, since 1870, it may be said that the County of
Annapolis has hr.d two shire towns, Annapolis Royal and Bridgetown.
The division of the county at the line adopted involved the division
of the township of Clements, and that portion of the latter which was
within the limits of the new County of DigVjj', was thenceforth known as
the township of Hillsburgh. Previous to the division there were two
offices for the registry of the deeds in the county — one at Digby, in
which all deeds relating to real estate as far east as the eastern line of
the township of Clements, were recorded ; the other at Annapolis where
transactions were recorded respecting lands situate eastward of the west
line of Annapolis township. A knowledge of this fact is necessary to
anyone searching an ancient title to land situate anywhere in the old
township of Clements, east of Bear River. The area of the county,
after Digby was set ott', was 837,000 acres, or 1,308 square miles.
The movement for the concession of what is known as " responsible
government " was at the time of the division of the county in progress
throughout British America. The days when Loyalists and worthy mag-
istrates like Elisha Budd, of Digby, and Moses Shaw, of Granville, were
ordered to explain, or forfeit their commissions for presuming to sign a
petition praying that the dismissal of a public officer without a hearing be
reconsidered, were happily drawing to a close.* In Nova Scotia the Reform
movement was under the powerful leadership of Joseph Howe. He was a
Loyalist of Loyalists, by birth, training and sentiment, and thoroughly
devoted to the traditions of the Empire, as well as the interests of his
country. But unfortunately some of his public utterances during his
differences with the Lieutenant-Governor, Lord Falkland, and even in
more mature years and with riper experience, on exciting occasions when
his feelings were aroused, suggested imputations to the contrary which
were far from being true. It was but natural that the proposal to infuse
*See Murdoch, Vol. III., p. 264. The office of Provincial Naval Officer was
certainly an Imperial one, but it is hard to conceive how Buch a petition could be
deenietl disloyal, or inconsistent with the magisterial office.
Hon. Jamks W. Johnstom;,
LientenantOovf.mor elect of Soca ScoHn.
MISTOHY OK ANNAI'OIJS. 28?)
tlu! principles of (Ifiiiiivriicy into tlio iiistitutioiiH of t\w Province hIiouUI
nioot with l**H.s fiivour anuin^ tlio lioyiiliHtN, tmii chiidrtMi of fjoyaliHtH, who
had MutVcnMl from the uncontrolled fury of a populace from whom they
had tho misfortunn to diflPi-r, and dt'plorwl tli« diHnicmlHfrment of the
Einpirn brou^'ht alx>ut liy ]M)pular agitation in th(* colonies which had
once atrorded them free, hap)>y and prosperous homes, than among the
more numerous class who inherited the feelings of the earlier settlers
fnmi Now Kngland. And a community of Baptists, wiiose church polity
is congregational and deniocrati(% would be more likelv to favour such a
change; than thost; accustomed to the Kpiscopal or Presbyterian form of
church government. As a rule this distinction was fairly exemplified in
tho County of Annapolis, and Mr. Howe was supported by a good
majority of its people, represented in the Assen>bly by Hamuel Bishop
Chipman for the county, Henry Gates for the township of Annapolis,
and James Delap for the township of (Jranville. It must not be for-
gotten that Mr. Haliburton, when he represented this county as early as
IH'JO, ten years Iwfore Mr. Howe entered the Legislature, advocate<i the
<Jistribution of the e.xecutive and legislative functions of the Council to
two separate lH)dies, and Mr. W. H. Iloach, another of our members, was
clamorous for reform long before the days of Howe. Mr. Howe's
later rival in the political ai'ena. Honorable James W. Johnstone, mean-
while held a seat in the Legislative Council, to which, as one of the ablest
lawyers and most accomplished men of his day in tho Province, he had
been called with the otlice of Holici tor-General in 1834, before the
separation of the executive and legislative functions of that House.
Perhaps I ought to say that in 1834 he, was the ablest lawyer and most
accomplished public man of that day in the Province. I have never heard
or read anything to show that he ever took a stand against the concession
of responsible government to Nova Scotia. His only public utterance on
the subject which has to my knowledge been preserved is quoted in his
memoir in another part of this book. He was in the period immediately
pi-eceding that change engaged in the active practice of his profession, and
the practical duties of his office. The principle was at length accepted
and recognized as part of the constitution of the Province, and Mr.
Johnstone accepted the office of Attorney-(»eneral with a seat in the first
Cabinet that signalized its assumption of executive authority by acknow-
ledging through its members in the two branches of the Legislature, its
responsibility to the people speaking through a majority in the popular
branch. It was a coalition government in which the Hon. Joseph Howe,
Hon. James B. Uniacke and Hon. James McNab, represented the
Reform party, but in which sat a majority who had theretofore opposed
their views ; all of whom, however, were prepared to resign and give way
to another Council, when they failed to command the confidence of the
19
2!>l) HISToltV OK ANNAIMH.IS.
HiiUH« of Assomhly. Hut a ilit1Vri>iice iinmH IwtwiH'ii Mr. •lolinstuiu* and
Mr. HowtMtn the i|ut>Htioii ofdtMioiniiiatioiial cullr^cs, Mr. JulniHtorio Imiii^
wiiriiily attaelK^d t<> tlu< |)riM('i|il*> of religious rduciitioii, iind desirous tliiit
the Baptint institutiittiN then lately founded at Wolfville, should reeeive
the State aid, without which, as it then Heenied, they must languish, and
fail to perform the pious ohjecfs of their t'ounih-rs. The strength, the
respeotahility, the social and religious intluence of the ilaptist Iwxly in the
Province, seemed to him Ixiund up with the s<hiM>land college at Wolfville.
The Church of Kngland College at Windsor had received large grants
from the public treasury for some years before its pr-ivileges were open to
DLssenters. Dalhousio College had in the meantime l)een founded under
the patronage <»f the nobleman of that name, who was Oovernor of the
Province, ostensibly as an institution that was to be altogether non-
Nectariaii ; und it was the policy of Mr. Howe and his followers to make
it a general university for the whole province, and to withhold public
encouragement and support from any new one. The Itaptist iKKly, in their
efibrts to secure .State aid to their institutions, .seemed to receive from
the Presbyterian friends of Dalhousie, vcM'y nmch tlie same obstruction
whicii the Presbyterians themsehes complained of, at the hands of the
prominent members of the Church of England, in the infant days of the
Presbyterian College at Pictou, after the disabilities of I)i8.senters at
King's had l)een removed. In conseijuence of this policy the Baptists
had very great diHicuity even in getting their charter from tlie Legis-
ture ; and no doubt through the intluence of Lord Dalhousie, who, when
in the Province, was a warm promoter of the idea of a single central
university, or of some on this .side favourable to Dalhousie College,
they failed to obtain the assent of Her Majesty to the name which
they proposed to give it, "Queen's College." Another shock was given
to the Baptists by the refu.sal of the governing Ixxly of Dalhousie to
appoint: their most gifted and able scholar, Dr. Crawley, to its classical
chair, u position for which he wa.: eminently qualified. This create<l the
impre.ssion that althovgh Dalhousie was to be non-sectarian in name, it
was to be practically Presbyterian in its spirit and influences, or at least
that no Baptist need apply for any part in its management.* Another
difficulty arose between Mr. Johnstone and his colleagues about the
filling up of a vacancy in the executive and legislative councils. Mr.
Johnstone proposed his brother-in-law, Mr. M. B. Almon, a leading mer-
chant of Halifax, and an able man. Mr. Howe opposed this appointment
foi' several reasons, one being the unfair preponderance it would give to
the old conservative element in the Cabinet. I»rd Falkland took the
*0f course, I am not making any reflection on the preneiU claims of Dalhoimie to
the contidence of Xova Scotians of all denominations. I uiii seeking to throw light
on u controversy long closed, hut which once profoundly agitated this county and
province.
HINToHY 0¥ ANNAPOU8. 291
wlvico of Mr. Jolinstont>, luiil MnNNrn. M<)wt>, Uniiirk» and McNult iit
oiu'tt icsi^iK'd tliiMr HtNitH ill tilt) CiiliiriHt iirid urKiitii/.<*<i ii nmidutt* iirid
d«!t(>rMiini>d (ippoHitioti to tlit'ir liit«> e(>llt!iigu<>H, in i\ui I(ouh<> of AHHt^mlily
And througluKit tli<> country, wliicli wivh h<m>ii tlio Nct^iitt of gntut [Militicul
nxcitninont through iU htiigth iind hntmlth. Mr. Johtistone, thn lM)tt«r t«>
IhiuI hJH party and publicly to «>xpouiid and dof»Mid tho intcn^Htn of hiH
diMioininittion .so involved in tlix ihhuv, losigniHl his H«'at in the Tin)^iNlativ(t
Counciil and sought on«) in th«' lowi-r Housh ; and tho County of Annapolis,
which had l>een his home in earlit'r days, was the constituoney to which
he preHented himself. He was supported by the majority, but oppoHed
by a determined minority of his brethren of the Baptist denomination in
the county, was elected at a general election in 1843 by a large majority
over Mr. Chipinan, the former memlxT, carried with him two supporters
for the townships of Annapolis and (Jranville, and directed the adminis-
tration of affairs with a good {)arliamentary majority for the next four
years. During this peritnl he had the opportunity of intrtxlucing and
carrying into effect the substantial and practical reform known as the
" Hiinultaneous Polling Act," by which the entire election is held in one
day all over the Province. For this purpose the county was divided into
I)olling districts which, as population increased, formed very convenient
municipal divisions, superseditig for all practical purposes the old divi-
sion into townships. These districts remained substantially "•"'Ijanged
until the intro<iuction of local self-government through county councils
elected by the people -a measure introduced and carried by another Con-
servative Government, of which the Hon. Wm. B. Troop, a representative
of this county, was a meml)er, in 1879. Here T may note that the repre-
sentatives of this county were always at the front in every parliamentary
movement for genuine leform.
Mr. Johnstone's second term of oilice saw the settlement of the long-
vexed " mines and minerals " (juestion, and the equali/tiiion of the franchise
by the abolition of township representation. In the sunshine of power,
or in the shadow of parliamentary defeat, the county gave him an emphatic
and steady support during his twenty years of active and eminently useful
public life. The recent steps toward erecting a monument in honor of his
younger, brilliant and more successful rival are to be commended ; but the
people of the County of Annapolis owe it to themselves to see that the
memory of their distinguished and venerated representative, whose prac-
tical sagacity and unselfish patriotism conferred such substantial benefits
upon the Province, is not neglected in this particular. New issues were
beginning to engage the minds of the people as Mr. Johnstone passed
from the stage. He was succeeded by Wm. Hallet Ray, Esq., of Clem-
entsport, who had been twice his antagonist at previous elections, and
afterwards represented the county in the first three parliaments of the
202 IIIHTrmV OK ANNAI'OMH.
Doiniiiiori. Ah )»irtiuH havo lionn rMir^ani/«-(l h'hu:*: t.lit^ ('orifcdttration of
l\w I'rovinccH, iifirl i]i<- ru!W jMoldcins '\iic'\(h-iii In HUrU a cliaiij^o in our
cdiiditiori and rf^lationn liaK (liHH(*lv<-<l old coniliinalions and called rif^w
omtH into fixiHicncf, t.hc county haH ^'i\(!n its support to tli*! " LilHtral"
(tar'ty, <!xc<-|it in tlin (jocal l.<!;;islatiir<^ from iK74 to IHK2 and in tlin
Dominion 1'arliann^nt from IK7H to IHH'J, and aj^ain from \HHi\ to tlr«f
(inmnnl time, Mr. MillH, the proHi-nt riK-rrdicr', liavin;< \tvA'.n r«!turnf'd
tlir'<!<! timf.H witli incritaHi-d majoriticH at (tacli <;l«!(;tiori. Mcantimt; lion.
.1. WiH)<'rfor<;«) [ionnit^y liaw l)i'<!n continuoiiMly <!l»'<!tfd Hin<:«! 1M82 to th«!
Ijocal l/^ginlatun', af^ain asHoc^iating tli<t ollicc of Attor'ni^y-fiuneral with
till' r<ipr(!H«!ntation of tlic coirnty.
AI'PKNIMX TO CHAPTKIl XVf.
William llalh-t Kay rn«!ntioncd in tin; pr«!e<!din>< }»a(^r"s waH in liiHacjtivo
political days ono of tlin iiioHt cnt-rj^^ctic, as In; Htill in orx! of tlic rri<»Ht
po|)ular [inhiic; men of tlic county. Horn .May 25, 1 825, he is a son of
tli(! late William FiOUtret Hay, who wa.s Worn at l^ighy, .lime 10, I7H],
and married May 10, IH20, Mary .Maplalen DitmarH, of (JlementH. The
fathfir of W, L. Hay was Robert Hay, l)orn in the jjarish of Diinaeh More,
County of Donegal, Ireland, June 10, ITIt, an<l married March 27, 1781,
Hachel Kay. Having emigrated to Ixmg Island, New York, liR removefl
f-o Nova Hcotia with the r./<)yaliHtH, arifl sr^ttled near' Dighy. He was also
father of Charles Kay, who fought under Nelson at Trafalgar-, and wlut was
his eldest son, and <»f .laums II. and Daniel, and of KoIhtI anfl (lilhert T.
Kay, long very [)r'ominent hiisiness men of St. .'olm, N. 15., thtt latter one of
the large and wealthy .sail-manufacturing (Irm of " lOaton iV Kay." One
daughUir, Margaret, married a .Mr. Jlawes, and was an authoress, and
another', Kachel, married a Mr-. Mallet, of Ntfv Vork.
•Mr-. Kay at th(! age of twel\e went to his uncle, .lanms II. Hay, a
physiiHan and apfitliecar'y of New York, arr«l ntrnained with him nine
years, hut not caring to embrace that <;alling, he niturned to Nova Hcotia,
settled in ('lem<^ntsport and (engaged in merchandise and farming: married
1 8 IK, Henrietta, daught«!r of Fsiuic Ditrnars, f»f Clemcsnts ; and very early
t«Mik a strong and a<!tive jiart in tlie politi<!s of the county. Failing hy 225
vote.s to defeat Mr. .lohnstone in |K(>.'{, on the retirement of the latter in
I8r)4, he was ele<;ted hy 2.'12 majority over (iranville K. Keed, Kh<|., and
sworn in as a mfirnlMM' of the Provincial Parliament, February 9, 1805.
Further information as to dates arrd periofls of Jiis public service as
inerrilH^r, magistrate aiifJ custos, and of his appointment t,o his [iresent
seat in tin; Legislative (Jouncil will be found in the appropriate places
elsewhere. He is also Licut.-Colonel Ist Battalion, Annapf.'lia County
militia.
In Jun(!, 1797, a terrific thunder-stonii passed over the valley destroy-
ing buildings at Hridgittown and (ilranvilie Ferry. A similar storm
{)asHi!d ove,r tli«) valley on June 15, 1802, destrv)ying many tre«!H, and
•njuring and destroying buildingH.
HIHTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS. 293
Alioiit (lie year |HM> or a yt-ur or ho Inter, a Hiiddtm ifiih^ like a lorriailo
a('('orii[iafii»'<l liy hail and tliiiiirlcr swept, tliiiiii^li tlif^ (country frr>m I.Ih)
wcstwarrl, ilciiioliHliin^? l»iiildin^,'H and uprooting,' trccH. The year JHDr)
w>iH made riictnoraltit- Ity a rciiiarkaliie eyelori); wlii(;|i, on \hc afl4^rti<Hin
of Sunday, Aiit,'iiHt. .'ird, at. (1 p.m., Huddciily Mtruck t.lie county a mile
wcKt, (<f 1'ani.disc and t.liren mili-H caHt of Itridf^etown, ofi tlie n<»rt,li Hide of
the Aniwipoli.H lljver, (completely wrecking tlu^ valiiahle farm of hariiel
iMi'H.sen^er, and partially that, of lOdj^ar Heiil, ; t.earinj^ up hy the root.s
larf^e oakH and lai'ryin^ them a flJHt.ance. ILh traek was ori(^ hundred
yardH wiile an«i six miles iori)^, moving in a nort.h ea.st.erly direction.
About, three or four yearn previouHly a Himilar ctyclone, hut. much tuir'rower
in itH track and Hhort.er in it.s (rareer, Iwwl struck the country near
lielleiHle, hut. did iriuch l(;s.s dama;^'e than the one junt, mentioned.
In the winter- f.f |KK7 H the river* was so frozen that a larj^e st.eamer
in the morrtJi of •Itirinar'y di.schar^ed a carj^o of coal, and was loadeil with
ap|i!e.s orr the ice four miles lielow the towir. 'I'luc ice was sevenleeir
irnJies thick. No account, can he traced of arrythirrj( of the kiird happen
irrj{ hefore, ('xcM^pt that in I 7H() an ice hr'idt(e a<!r'oss the r'iver' r'eHist.ed the
action of the tide so that per'sorrs (MHild vrimH and r'e<'r'oss to and fr'om
♦ irarrville for three days. In \H'.\H an icte hrid^e formed errahlin^ persfins
to cr-oss t,o and from <»rarivil!e, hut the, returning tifle hroke it up hefore.
they (;ould grit hack.
Irr I7H.'5 a coloirr-ed rium riamerl I'll I is and his wife w(>re, wwl to nOatc,
excfMrted at Anrrapolis. They had takrin refirgi- irr a harn near the site,
of the .skatirrg rirrk, and setting it, orr lire, caus(-d its destrrrctiorr with its
contfiiitH, arrd wr-i-e found grriity liy a jury of the cririrr! of ar-sorr, and
harrgrul on Hog Islarrd. In l7Ht a (coloured rrrarr narrred ISoirce was
exe(Mit4'd, I do rrot krrow for' what oU'ence.
The exe(cirtiorr of (ir'eK<»r'y arrd the. cirvMrrrrstarrces of Iris crime have
lieen giverr irr Chajit^'r XV. It, icimairrs to merrtion two others that have
occrrrr'ed sirrce. Irr IKO.'S, one Nortorr, livirrg rrear Hridgetown, rrrrrrdered
his wife hy r'cpeat,e(| doses of arserric ile harl soirre Africarr and, it was
said, some Indifirr hlood irr his '.'eins, hut, worrld pr'ohahiy pa.ss for a white
marr. Me was of not irrKcomely a|)peararrce, arrd wris air (jxhorter at
religious nieetirrgs of coloir!'e<l people. Kallirrg irr love with a wtiit.egirl at
servi(r(c irr l>ridget.owrr, irr or'der to |iut himself irr ir, position to rrrar'r'y
her, he corrceiverl arrd pcrsisterrtly carried orrt the crirrre. \\>' was tried
aird corrvicted at thr? ()(;toher- teirrr <»f the Sirprerrr*! (Jorrrt, |H<).'{, and
exectrt.ed at I log Islarrd the errsirirrg rrrorrtlr.
•lot! Nick Teho, as he was familiarly (willed, the next vict,irrr of the law,
w(r,s the sorr of one Nichol(r,s Thihault {phorret,i(cally .sjx'lt hy the I'lrrglish
Teho) hy an Knglish sp(!(r,king wife, prohatdy of Lurrenhurg f lernran
des(retrt. Although he Iwigar) life very poor-, arrd with rro edtr<-atiorr
iK-yorrii the. rirere (wij.Hcit.y to writ*! his rranre, he was a ver-y shniwd, irrtel
lig(!rrt rirarr, arrd hy skilfrri (wrt.tle tradirrg aird siiirilar Hp(*(Mrlations he had,
while, yet yorrrrg, accurrrulated .sorrrt; <Mght thousarrd dollat-s and owtred a
good farrir at North Harrgr^, rrear tlrf^ corrrer of i\u'. " Krerrch lloiul,"
HO called. Il(! Iiiwl oorrti-act^'d with the overseers of tire poor of tim town-
shijr of WeymoutI' to provido for wrtaiir jxiupcrH fur u pericxi, and liivl
294 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
hirwl a j^irl naiiu'd Hill as a Hcrvaiit to assist his wife in waitiiifj; on
them. This yirl was one of ten illej^tiniate cliildren of a wretched
mother, and although only about twenty-four years old, had become
far advanced in the same abandoned career, being already the mother
of four. After she hiwi been in Tebo's service for a wliile, it must
have become evident that she was likely to, before long, give birth to a
fifth. As Tebo made iu> public confession, it is doubtful what considerati(m
directly moved him to commit the crime ; but it was (me of these three
circumstances : Either he or one of his sons was responsible for the
woman's condition ; or hv wished to put an end to what promised to be
an often-recui'ring charge upon the taxpayers ; or his contract may have
re<juired him to indenmify the overseers for all that they might he liable
for during its term, and he merely wished to escape payment under it of
the paltry expenses of the woman's lying-in. The first=named seemed
most likely to be the real motive. This would liken the case very much
to that of Munro, wlio was executed in St. John, in 1?<G9, for the
murder of a woman under similar circumstances. Probably pretending
that he was coineying her to some new place of service, or care, he drove
up to this county very early in the morning by a back I'oad, to the Liver-
pool Koad, and along this rt)ad to a by-n)ad leswling to a meadow near
Lake View. Fi'om this by-road (leaving the vehicle by the fence) he c<m-
ducted her into a little grove of spruces, and there crushed in her hetid
with a large stone, after which he piled some brush around tlie body
and set fii-e to it. As he was returning by the by-road, lie was met by
two ox-ttmms, the (h'iver of which, seeing the smoke, went into the
bushes to extinguish the fire lest it might spread and do mischi(if, sup-
posing it to have been accidentally set, and to his liorror discovered the
crime. Tebo was soon identified as the man met coming from the locality,
was arrested, tried before Judge Weatherbe at a special term oi the
Supreme Court held at Annapolis on the last Tuesday of November,
18?<0, c<mvicted, and executed in the precincts of the jail on the 8th day
of February following.
In 1887 a sad event occurred in the county. Two boys aged 17 and
15, sons of Edward Armstrong, a well-known and esteemed citizen of
Digby, in a spirit of premature iiKlep(»ndence, started from home on the
night of Sun(lay, April 24th, leaving a note saying they were going away
to earn their own living. Reaching Annapolis, they walked on the rail-
road track to Round Hill, and there, resuming the highway, and seeing
a carriage coming, which they rightly judged was in pursuit, but unseen
by its occupant, they betook them.selves to the Vjelt of wt)odland to the
st)uthward, apparently aiming at the Dalhousie Roful, which they had
perhaps seen traces of from points at a distance. The swamps, over-
flowe<l at that season, barrerl their progress southwardly, and they soon
got lost. After wandering about until Thursday, the youngest died from
cold, fatigue, and hunger ; but the elder succeeded in reaching a spot
where he managed to attract the notice of a dweller beyond a lake, and
was rescued.
CHAPTER XVII.
RELIGION AND THE CHURCHES IN THE COUNTY.
By the. Editor.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
THE Author has remarked i.liat Port Royal was the scene of the
first introduction of Christianity into the northern part of tlie
Continent. This occurred eleven years before the arrival of the first
priest at Quebec. IJut in point of organization as a parish, Port Royal
was the second in Canada. Here we cannot but be struck by the greater
success that crowned the early efforts of the French to evangelize the
Indians, as compared with their English rivals. The policy of the
Puritans was to convert the Indians if they were willing to be converted,
otherwise to smite them as Israel smote the heathen who barred their
way to the promised land ; and in the event of a war with any tribe, the
converted or " praying " Indians, as they were called, became at once
objects of suspicion and victims of cruelty.* Nor were the efforts of the
Puritans strong or systematic, or marked by any of the spirit of self-
sacrifice that not only distinguished, but made immortal the French
missionaries to Acadia and Canada. Eliot, the apostle to the Indians of
Massachusetts, L-nd Thomas Tapper (a lineal ancestor of Sir Charles
* They were arrested, chained two and two, taken from their homes, and im-
prisoned. Anawani, wlio commanded in King Philip's place after the latter had fallen
in the war, surrendered to Captain Church, on a promise of kind treatment ; yet in
spite of the prayers and entreaties of Church, lie was beheaded by the Government
at Plymouth. But did not Samuel hew Agag in pieces ? Captain Mosely captured
an Indian woman, and after getting information from her, ordered her to be torn to
pieces by dogs; and he says, "She was soe dealt withal." But did not dogs eat
the flesh of Jezeliel? The discussions of tlie Puritan Divines as to the propriety
of putting Philip's son to death, show how little the principle of Christian love
animated them, and how unfit they were to convert the savages to Christianity.
(See Thaoher's " History of Plymouth," pp. 395, 396. " New England Hist. (ienl.
Register," Vol. XXXVII., p. 180.) Of all Protestants, the Quakers seem to have
accomplished the best results among the Indians. (See " Savery Genealogy," p. l")!)
et seq.) In Nova Scotia, depredations by pirates, or other lawless Knglish, often
brought cruel retribution on innocent people. But this is the case wherever Engllsli
people come into contact with savages. Witness the murder of Bishop Patteson in
Melanesia in 1871. The Indians' methods in warfare were the most horrible found
in the history of the human race, but reprisals did not mitigate them, while a
contrary cour.se was often known to do so. (Hannay, p. 238.)
296 mSTOKY OF annapolis.
Tupper, and in 1675 of Sandwich, in Plymouth colony), who, although not
a minister, instructed a congregation of 180, stand out in honorable relief,
in this connection, among the early fathers of New England. But, as a
rule, Parkman's remark is as sound as it is sententious : " Spanish
civilization crushed the Indian; English civilization scorned and neglected
him ; French civilization embraced and cherished him."* When the
French liad once formed an alliance with an Indian tribe, it was rarely
dissolved. From the days of Membertou the Micmacs of Nova Scotia
have been touchingly true and loyal to the faith delivered to their fore-
fathers by Flesche, Biard, Masse and Duthet. Among my earliest
recollections are the large. groups of Indians plodding their way from
their reservation at Bear River or their camps in the woods, along the
St. Mary's Bay road, on the eve of the Feast of St. Anne, to receive at
Church Point, Clare, the blessing of the good Abbe Sigogne. In later
years there has been a church on the reservation, served by the cure at
Annapolis. Masse, after the destruction of Poutrincourt's settlement,
laboured in Quebec, where a monument has been ». ' ed to his memory.
Among the most notable priests in this part of the Province were Louis
Petit, who was missionary to the Indians and parish priest at Port
Royal in 1670; Rev. M. Mandoux in 1690, and Rev. M. Gaulin, an
inveterate enemy of the English, a missionary to the Indians and in
charge of Port Royal in 1732. Rev. Jean Des Enclaves came to America
in 1728, and was missionary at Port Royal many years, and was on
terms of friendship and confidence with Mascarene. He went to France
in 1753, but returned the next year, and we regret to find this truly
worthy man in exile in Massachusetts, with some Acadians, in 1755.
Certainly, some of the missionaries, like De la Loutre, merged their
spiritual functions in a mistaken, and to the Acadians, a disastrous, zeal
for the political service of the French Government ; but to the great
majority of them we must accord an undivided allegiance to the King of
kings, and assign a shining record " in the book of life." Nor can we too
harshly blame those who counselled their people not to take an unquali-
fied oath of allegiance, when we bear in mind that they had by treaty the
alternative right to remove from the country. Father Maillard and
others in somew^hat later years did their best to reconcile the Indians to
English rule. The career of the venerated and saintly Abbe Sigogne
belongs more properly to the County of Digby, where he ministered to all
the returned Acadians in the western part of the Province.
Tradition says there was formerly an old church on the south shore of
the river on a point or promontory running down to what is known as
" Pompey's rock," a little below Goat Island. If so it was probably a
' The Jesuits in North America," p. 44.
HISTOKY OF ANNAPOr.IS. . 297
niis.sioiiary church for the Indians at Hear and Moose rivers. Tho
Catliolic congregation in tho town was annihihited by the dis[)ersion of
tlie Acadians, but revived with the return of some of the survivors and
tlu^ fi;eneral increase of inhaV)itants ; and congrej^ations in due time
appeared at the centres of popuhition, Annapolis and Hrid<j;etowji, and
near tlie latter j)lace a neat little church, sigji of a healthy f^idwth and
spirit, has been erected within the last few years. Herved formerly from
l)i','by and Kentville, Annapolis County has reijuired and had the
privilef,'e of a resident priest since 1S78, when the Rev. Tlumias J. Grace
was stationed here. Rev. Philip Walsh, D.D., a nephew of the latt!
Archbishop Walsh, was parish priest from 1880 to 1884, when Rev. T. J.
Grace was af^aiii appointed, and in the love of his people and the respect
of all, filled the positiim until 1891, when he was succeeded by Rev. J.
Doody. Rev. John Walsh succeeded him, and wjus succeeded in 1895 by
the Rev. Father Summers, the present incumbent.
CHURCH OF ENOLAND.
With the English domination came the chaplain of the forces for the
garrison, who also ministered to the English population of the town, and
after the ai-rival of the Massachusetts settlers, to such of them as adhenul
to the Church in the townships of Annapolis and Granville. The first of
thest? was Rev. John Harrison, wlio was succeeded or assisted in 1724 by
Rev. Robert Cuthbert, not very favourably mentioned in a preceding
portion of this history. Mr. Harrison was still living here in 1732. In
1732 Rev. Richard Watts was here. He was in the employ of the S. P. G.
as a school-master at Annapolis as early as 1728. He must have left
Annapolis in 1738. For the next four years it is said the otHcers and
soldiers in the garrison baptized their own children.* And we have seen
that in 1752 Captain Handfield, by license from the Governor, solemnized
tlie marriage of his own daughter. Rev. Thomas Wo(k1, who came hn-v
from the town of New Brunswick, New Jersey, was chaplain in 1753,
was appointed missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
in 1764, and served with the love and respect of his fiock until his death
in 1778, after which Rev. Nathaniel Fishei' officiated as rector until the
end of 1781. The Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks was nominal rector and
garrison chaplain for two or three years, and continued unjustly to draw
the salary of tlie latter office during several years that his brothev in-law,
Mr. Bailey, did the work. Rev. Mr. Nayles, the commissioned cliaplain,
resided in England. The Rev. Jacob Bailey continued rector of the
parish, including Granville and Clements, from his arrival in 1781 until
his death in 1808. In 1782 James Forman arrived among the Loyalists
* Eaton's "Church in Nova Scotia," p. 22.
208 HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS.
of that year. Hp is .spokfii (jf as a refugpe "half-pay otHcor." He Mum
removed to Dij^hy, and was tlie first sch<M)l-teaeher at that place. Tii
17H4 he heoaiiie the founder at I)igl)y of the first Sunday School ever
oiH'ni'd on th«; Continent of America. He took the initial step hy sum-
nutning his pupils t«) meet for relipous instruction on Sunday, lltn.
Hoger Viets, a Eioyalist ch^rf^fyman of j^reat al)ility and learning, driven
out of Ctiimecticut, who U'cainc^ Rector of Dighy in ITl^fi, warmly
approved of Forman's work, improved upon iiis methixls, and in a sermon
published iii 1789, spok(^ of the Sunday Schools in his parish as a settled
institution and a valuable auxiliary of the Church, and gratefully com-
mended the encouragement given to it by the first Bishop of Nova Scotia,
H(!v. Charles Inglis, who assumed EJpiscopal functions in 17f<6. Forman
in Anruipolis County was liehind Raikes, the founder of Sunday' Schools,
in (^louct^ster, England, by only two years; an<l it was not until 1791
that we first hear of Sunday Schools in the United State's, that year
witnessing their inauguratiim at Philadelphia by an association of
Christians of various denominati»ms, including Quakers. Rev. Cyrus
Perkins succeeded Mr. Bailey as rector in 1H08, and held the position
until his death alM)ut 1817, when lie was succeeded by Rev. John Millidge,
D.C.L., until his death about 18S0. Rev. J. L. Trimingham was next
ai)pointed, but perished in the wreck of a gun-boat which was conveying
him hither from Bermuda. Rev. Edwin Gilpin, a collateral descendant
of Rev. Bernard Gilpin, the " Northern Apostle," anfl sweet spirit of the
Reformati(m — himself the faithful and earnest champion of the principles
dear to his distinguished ancestor — succeeded Mr. Millidg(% an<i was the
venerated rector of the parish until his d(>ath, September 'iOth, 1860.
He was the father of the Very Rev. Dean Gilpin, of Halifax, who was
born at Aylesford. He was succeeded by Rev. James J. Ritchie, M.A.,
an earnest evangelical divine, who held the position until 1891, and was
succeeded by the present rector, Rev. Henry How.
GranMlle was separated from Annapolis in 1800, and Rev. Mr.
Millidge was its rector until he removed to Annapolis in 1817. Rev.
Hibbert Binney, father of the late Bishop, was rector one year, and Rev.
George Best from 1815 to 1823, Rev. H. Nelson Arnold from 1823 to
1828, Rev. Francis Whalley from 1828 to 1835, and Rev. J. Moore
Campl)ell, a most worthy, amiable and popular minister, for the succeeding
twenty-five years. Mr. Campbell well deserves a more extended notice.
Rev. Henry D. De Blois was rector from 1860 to 1876, during a part of
which time Rev. W. H. Snyder was vicar ; Rev. Frederick P. Greatorex
from 1876 to 1892, and Rev. Albert Gale from 1893 to 1896.
Rev. John Wiswall, of whom a biographical sketch will appear in the
genealogies, was the first Rector of Wilmot, and was succeeded at his
death by the Rev, Edwin Gilpin, who lived at Aylesford, the parish at
Rkv. James Rohkrtson, LL.D.,
Rector of Wilmot.
HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLIS. 299
that time compriHing Aylesford, Wilinot, Bridgetown, and Upper Gran-
ville, the line of division lieing three miles Ijelow IJridgetown. The Rev.
James Robertson, to l>e presently mentioned more at length, became
rector in 1832. His successors have been Rev. (Jeorge F. Maynanl, 1877
and 1878; Rev. George B. J)(Klwell, 1880 to 181)1 ; Rev. .]. K. Warner,
1892 to 1896. The bell in the old church at Pine (irove was the gift of
William Bayard, Es<|., and Inmrs the following inscriptions: "This bell,
the gift of William Bayard, E8<|., 1792, to the Trinity Church at Wilmot
in Nova Scotia, as by law established." " Thomas Meers, of London,
fecit."
The old church at Clementsport, built by the Dutch and Hessian and
other German Loyalists, was originally Lutheran, and called the "Church
of St. Edward." When it was transferred to the Church of England a
condition was made that a hymn in the Dutch language should be sung
every Sunday morning before the Ijeginning of the ordinary service, which
was done until only two to whom that language was the vernacuwir
survived. Doctor Fred. Boehme, who died in 181 (>, by his will gave the
church a bell and a service of communion |)late. The old bass viol which,
performed on by the venerable " S(|uire " Ditmars, long supplied the
instrumental music, is still preserved. The c<mgregati(in was under the
pastoral care of the rectors of Annapolis until about 1840, during the
incumbency of Mr. Gilpin, when it was erected into a separate parish, of
which Rev. William M. Godfrey took charge as missionary of the S. P. G.
He died in 1881, since which time there have been several incumbents
for short periotls, Rev. J. Lockward, the present rector, succeeding the
Rev. W. B. Belliss in 1895.
The parish of Bridgetown was separated from Granville in 1854, and
its first rector was Rev. J. Moore Campbell, who had been lector of the
old parish before its division. He died February 13, 1862, at the early
age of fifty-six, and was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Millidge for abcjut a year.
Rev. Henry Pryor Almon, son of Hon. M. B. Almon, was rector several
years, Rev. Augustus Sullivan for about a year, and Rev. Lewis Morris
Wilkins, son of Hon. Martin I. Wilkins, and grandson of the first Judge
Wilkins, was rector from 1873 to 1889; Rev. H. De Blois, 1890 and
1891, Rev. Mr. Cunningham for about eight months, succeeded at Easter,
1892, by Rev. F. P. Greatorex.
The parish of Round Hill was set off from Annapolis in 1890, and the
Rev. H. D. De Blois was elected its first rector.
Rev. James Robertson was born at Strath Tay in Perthshire,
Scotland, in 1802. An uncle and grand-uncle were celebrated divines,
but I cannot state positively that the latter of these was the great
historian. He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen, where he
received the degree of M.A. in 1826, and LL.D. in 1856. On December
300 IIISTOUV OK ANNAl'OLrs.
8, lfi'2S, he woH elected a member of "Tlie Northern IiiHtitution f(»r the
Promotion of Hcience iiiul I^iterature " in InvernesH ; wuh ordained priest
by Dr. Skinner, Itishop of Alwrdecn, at St. Andrew's Chapel in that
city, June 8, IS2'J, liavin^ Hrst .served in deaoon'N orders as assistant at
MeikelHeld, near Inverness. He came to N(!wfoimdiand in 1829 as
missionary of the S. P. U. In IH.'U he married at Chiswick, Mitldlesex,
Kngland, Maria, youngest daughter of Major Hansard of the 69th regi-
ment, a sister of the wife of the hite Archdeacon Coster, of New Bruns-
wick ; and tiie next year came to Bridgetown, where he filUfd the office of
rector of the then undivided parish, although probably not formally
appointtKl until 1837. In 1854 he remove<l to VVihnot, where he died, at
Middleton, January 19, 1878. He was a profound general and scientific
scholar, as well as theologian, and would have lieen eminently useful aa
a professor or president of one of our provincial univt^rsities. He received
a silver medal from the Mechanics' Institute, Halifax, J. Leander Starr,
President, in 1835, "for the l)est essay on the application of science to
the arts ;" was author of an able treatise on " Infant Baptism," and other
pamphlets and essays. A son, James C. Robertson, of the Harri.s-Allan
Co., St. John, N.B., and a grandson, T. Reginald Robertson, a rising
barrister, of Kentville, N.S., now represent the name in the Maritime
Provinces.
Rev. William Minns Go<lfrey, who was born at Rochester, England,
and baptized in the great cathedral of that city, was a son of the late
Thomas Godfrey, a purser in the Royal Navy, and afterwai-ds during the
war of 1812, prize-agent at Halifax, and later, collector of customs at
Lunenburg, who married a daughter of William Minns, a brother of the
first wife of the Loyalist, John Howe, who by a second marriage was
father of Hon. Joseph Howe. Mr. Go<lfrey was a faithful exponent of
the doctrines of the Church of England as asserted at the Reformation,
and an effective and impressive preacher of the vital truths of the Gospel ;
and dying suddenly October 3rd, 1881, in the sixty-seventh year of hia
age, left a memory that will still long be fragrant among people of all
denominations in that section of the country in which he laboured with
so much zeal and success.
CON(JRE(}ATIONALISTS.
The majority of the early settlers on the vacated lands of the French
were of the Independent or Congregational churches of Pilgrim or
Puritan New England. But not coming here, aa their forefathers did to
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, as an assertion of religious principle
— each group following its spiritual leader into exile — they were not
careful to bring pastors with them ; and most of the few clergy who in
time followed them to Nova Scotia, went back to the old provinces from
sympathy with the disaffection prevailing there. The religious com-
munities of the provinces they left had not many years before been
stirred to their profoundest depths by the revivalist preaching of the Rev.
George Whitefield, a Church of England minister of overpowering
HISTORY OK ANNAI'«)MS. 301
elo(|uence, of th« Hchool of tlm Wi-slfv^, 'I'kI ii ft'llow-workt'r with tluMii
until they (l«(Mii<!(i it lutcwHsary to (h>tu)uiic*> his cxtiniiiu ('iiK iiiistic vicwM.
He, or at loiist those who caught his spirit and took up tlie work of
evangeli/atioa where he left it, taught witli great einphasis tlie eternal
death of every soul who had not lieen sensibly and consciously converte<l
after full conviction of sin and of deserved condemnation, followed by an
absolute, divinely-given assurance of acceptance, restitution and salva-
tion, from which, once really obtained, there cctuld \m no relapse. This
system was enforced with burning zeal and the vivid invocation of the
terrors of judgment, by itinerant ministers, until an enthusiasm and
excitement were pnKluced unknown before among the Christian bodies
which ha<l sprung up since the Reformation. The preachers and votaries
of this movement were designated " New Lights," as distinguished from
the so-called churches of the "standing order," or adherents of the "ohl
standards" of religious faith and discipline. If \ may venture to attempt
a definition of the principles of those who opimsed or distrusted this
movement, I might approximate correctness in saying that they held
that baptism was not only an admission int(» the outward and visible
Church, but if rightly received, a means of grace ; and that conversion
meant simply a genuine turning from sin with contiition for the past and
reform for the future ; not a state to attain to once for all, but an
experience to be undergone and repeated as often as the frailty of man
permits him to sin. Ministers with this view lotntked with di.s?avour on
the frenzied emotions displayed under the new teachings, by thoso who,
from the outward manifestations of inward grace in their daily walk,
stood, as far as imperfect humanity could judge, just as favourable a chance
for salvation as their less excited felIow-l)elievers, and counselled a sober
mean between wild enthusiasm and religious indifference. Doubtless
in enforcing these views they sometimes sought to point an argument by
citing the doubts entertained of each other's conversion by those whose
methods were similar while they differed in doctrine.* Mr. Hailey under-
stood these new teachers as affirming " that the most abandoned sinners
are nearer to the kingdom of heaven than people of a sober, honest and
religious deportment, for such, they allege, are in danger of depending on
their own righteousness." From 1798 to 1801 the New Light movement
swept over the country with the foi-ce and fury of a torrent ; with occa-
sional similar revivals down to a perio<l within my own recollection, and
I have sometimes in the early forties heard the terms " Baptist New
Ijights," and " Methodist New Lights " used to distinguish evangelists of
the two denominations. The indefatigable zeal and energy of the New
Lights prevailed, and many Congregational churches soon adopted the
•See an example in Ur, Smith's " History of the Methotlists," pp. 157, 158,
a02 IIISTOIIY (»K ANNAPOLIS.
niU> lit' I'xcludiiiK fi'mii coininuiiiuii all who wi>ro urwihle to prnHeiit
Imfui't^ tlii'ir hretlir«>n prinif that they hiid aotiiiilly oxp**ri«>nci'ri in thrir
hnai'ts till' r<>(|uiri>(l ('liaii;;t>. From this it was hut ariotJM'r .st«'|) to r*-ftiM«4
tht'iii baptism, th<> outward act or m^n of aihiiisHioii into tho i-ovenant of
grace, and thus WhitflH*>ld, althou;;h In- iu'v»'r l«ft thw Churcli of
Kii^jland was* the m«anH of immenso and rapid acc«>MHions to ttie Haptiitt
churches of tiif old provinces.
Nova Scotia was the peculiar tiold of a nuist r<>niarkal)le follower of
Whitefield, tiio Rev. Henry Alline, a Con>{rt'Kational minister whose
powerful and impressive oratory stirred to their utmont depths the
eniotionw of the peo|)le througliout the western counties.t Setting no
value on external order, aiming only at tlie individual unit, and thus
careless of dividing or breaking up religious communities, he and the
successors whom he iiiHuenced, traversed the land, preacliing with such
effect that the settled pastors, failing to retain their influence over their
flocks, were swept aside by the resistless wave of popular religious
agitation. Old church organizations were broken up ttn«l new ones,
without any guarantee (tf permanence or stability instituted. Here
again, although Alline never professed to lie other than a Congrega-
tionalist, nor thought of renouncing infant baptism, or its ordinary mode
of administration among those who admit it, he sowed a seed of which
the Baptist bo<ly, in respect to connexion and numbers, reaped the
alniunding harvest, and soon reduced chaos to order and discipline.
These successors of the New Lights rejected their too pronounced atili-
nomianism, and gradually abandoned that gloomy type of Calvinism
which marked the early New England theology.
The Rev. Arzarelah Moras, Iwrn in Ma.ssachusett8 in 1745, a graduate
of Harvard, was the first settled Congregational minister at (Jranville,
and was of the New Light order. He returned to the United States
alK)ut the close of the century, selling the church property there and
taking the proceeds with him. Nathaniel Fisher, born at Dedham,
Mass., July 8tli, 1742, probably the first school-master in Granville, where
he livefl l)etween 1771 and 1778, was also a Congregational religious
teacher and catechist, but later took orders in the Church of England,
and as we have seen htul charge of St. Luke's, Annapolis, after which he
returned to the United States and was Rector of St. Peter'.s, Salem, from
* Dr. Cramp, in hiw " History of the Buptists," pp. 457, 463, achnita this.
Whitetield was the son of an innkee|)t)r at Gloucester, graduated at Pembroke
College, Oxford, and owing to the great impression his piety and ability made on
the Kishop of Ohmccster, he was onhiincd at twenty -one, two years before the
canonical age. The effect of liis first sermon is said to have driven some people mad
with fear, but the Bishop, in reply to complaints al>out this, said that he hoped
tlie madness would last till the following Sunday.
t Alline was a native of Newport, R.I., whose parents removed to Falmouth,
N.S. , while he was yet a boy.
IIIMTOUV OK ANNAPOI.IH. '.\0l\
February, 17H'2, until IiIh (ioutli in 1^12. Allino )>NtiihiiHli»d <i ciiuruh or
M«H'i»)ty in (]ranvill«>, cuHt of tlu' Wa<iti Hcttlcrncnt, in I7H(), and it Ix'came
Baptist in I7!)0, and wan pnilMibly tlm ixMly out <it" whii'li j<n«w t\ui " Kirst
[baptist (y'hurch nf AnnapuliH " And ho, as no oliango wliat>n«'r in <ux-loHi-
aHtical polity or ordor waH ii«>o»sHary, and CalviniHtio viitwN were common
to lM)th HyMtttniH, »)very C»»nK''«'K''^''*""' Not-'i^ty or orKaniication in the
cvtunty soon, under the intluunct'N mnntionttd, and as if hy comnion
conBunt, iNtcaniu
HA I'll ST.
Tlio Now Light Congn>j{ati<>nal churchoH, after they had al)and()ne<l
infant haptisni, cumtinued for some time in communion with the other
churchcH, and the adoption of "close communicm " was not intnHluced
without some friction, nor until IHU'J. The Church at I^»wer Granville
was orj,'ainzed in 1780, at Hridgettiwn in 1801, at Nictaux in 1801); that
of Wilniot., which included Pai.idise and Clements, in IHIO; the Church
at New Albany in 182!), at Dulhousie West, 1830; those at Wilmot
Mountain, or Port Lome, and Springfield in 1835, Upper Wilmot 1842,
Parker's Cove 1854 ; Middleton and Milford churches in 1H6I ; the Church
at Litchfield, 18()2 ; Lawroncetown, 1873 ; Annapoliti Hoyal, 1874 (pastors
in the latter, in succossion. Rev. T. A. Higgins (afterwards of VVolfville),
E. C. (iood, F. O. Weeks, 0. A. Eaton, H. H. Cain and Rev. J. G.
Coulter White); at Clenientsport in 1888; at Granville Ferry in 1890.
In 1798 an association including both communions was held at Corn-
wallis, but in Juno, 1800, the first regular Baptist Assixjiation ever
convened in the Maritime Provinces, or probably in the Dominion, was
held at Lower Granville, Rev. Joseph Crandall preaching on the occasion.
At the Association of 1802 the pastors of the First and Second Baptist
churches in Annapolis were Rev. Thomas Handley Chipman and Rev.
James Manning, respectively. At the time of the Association of 1810
Rev. James Manning was pastor of the Church at Ijower Granville and
Digby, and Rev. Thomas Ansley at Upper Granville. In 1812 the
Nova Scotia Association was held at Upper Granville; in 1813 at
Clements ; in 1826 at Wilmot. In 1828 an immense impetus was given to
the progress of Baptist thought and influence by the accession of a
number of men of high social standing and personal and political
importance, who had been trained in the Church of England, including
Hon. J. W. and Dr. Lewis Johnstone, E. A. Crawley, Esq., barrister
(afterwards known as Rev. Dr. Crawley), Charles Twining, J. W. Nutting
and others. In 1829 Rev. I. E. Bill was pastor at Nictaux, and Rev.
R. W. Cunningham, once a Roman Catholic, and later in life pastor of
the Baptist Church at Digby, the father of our late townsman, Dr. A. B.
Cunningham, was at Chute's Cove. In 1830 Rev. T. H. Chipman died
804 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
at Nictaux, and in 1831 Rev. Joshua Cogswell was pastor of the Lower
Granville Church. In 1833 the Association met at Bridgetown. At
this time Annapolis and Upper Granville were still one Church. The
names of those just mentioned, and of Rev. Harris Harding,* Rev.
Thomas Handley Chipman (a close follower of AUine), Edward and James
Manning, Thomas Ansley and Joseph and Stephen Crandall — some of
them of but little educational culture, but the majority of them of rugged
intellect and all fired with a burning zeal — are closely identified with the
planting and fostering of the early Baptist churches in this county. Nor
should the names of Revs. George Armstrong, Nathaniel Vidito, Israel
Potter, E. M. Saunders, D.D., A. S. Hunt, Superintendent of Education
for Nova Scotia, Maynard, Obadiah and W. L. Parker, Ebenezer Stronach
and James Austen Smith be omitted in calling the long roll of Baptist
worthies who have been connected with this county by birth or by
ministerial labour within its borders.
METHODIST.
In July, 1782, the Rev. William Black, the silver-tongued apostle of
early Methodism in the Maritime Provinces, visited the county and
preached with fervor and effect at Annapolis, Granville and Wilmot.
Among his converts were Samuel Chesley, afterwards known as Samuel
Chesley, sen., then a youth of about eighteen, but afterwards to become the
father of the Rev. Robert Ansley Chesley, whom I will notice presently.
After the arrival of the Loyalists Mr. Black made a second visit extending
to Clements and Bear River, and formed small societies at each of the
places named. In 1791 the Rev. John Cooper was placed in charge of
these societies. He lived on, and owned the lot by which the familiar
use of his name was long perpetuat-*f' in the town. His career was
chequered, and finally he lost the conhdence of his brethren. He was
succeeded as superintendent by Rev. Wm. Grandin. The Rev. Freeborn
Garretson, a native of Maryland, who, like most of the early Methodists,
drew the rich draughts that nourished his spiritual life from the bosom of
the Church of England, visited Wilmot, Granville, Annapolis and Digby
in 1785. Before commencing his work he called on Dr. Breynton, the
Rector of St. Paul's, in Halifax, who gave him much encouragement,
and promised him all the assistance in his power. In the same year,
Black, ever "in labours abundant," was again in the county. In 1786
one hundred members were reported at Granville, Annapolis and Digby.
Black was again in Annapolis in 1792, composing difficulties that had
* For sketches of this remarkable man from different religious standpoints, see
Bill's "Fifty Years with the Baptists," and Campbell's "History of Yarmouth
County."
HLSTOHY OK ANNAPOLIS. 305
arisen out of tlie affairs of Cooper. Rev. Daniel Fidler, who had
entered the ministry wlien a lad of eighteen, came to Annapolis in
1794, and was followed next year by William (Jrandin, a native of
New Jersey. Visits to the county were also made about this tiim by
Rev. Messrs. Black, Garretson, Whitehead, McCoU and James Mann.
At this period the name of Bonnett appears among those who professed
to have received salvation through Methodist agency — Tsiac, the father
of the late Shei-iff Bonnett, himself long a devoted Meth(/dist and hospi-
table entertainer of the Methodist missionaries. Tlie first Metliodist
(-'hurch in Annap( Us was built in 17!>8, and it is supposed there was
one in Granville earlier. The conference of 1802 was held at Annapolis,
when Mr. Black's intended removal to England wa.", considereci and
deprecated. The most notable convert of this period was Col. Bayard,
of whom .ve have already heard in conneccion with the history of
W^ilmot, and who thenceforth forsook a career of careless indifference
about religious matters, abandoned all sinful indulgences, and became a
( -hiistian of the bright -^t character. One of his sons. Doctor Samuel V.
Uayard, continued in communion with the Methoilists all his days, but
the other members of the family either remained in or returned to the
Church of their fathers and of Wesley. They settled in Ht. John, N.B.,
where the}' were men of social and professional eminence. Of Rev. Stephen
Mamford the writer retains some recollections. He was a very remark-
ai)le man, born in 1770 and a soldier of the 29th regiment. He had
great talent as a preacher and strong personal magnetism, and laboured
at Annapolis and Digby from 1803 until his death in 1848 with wonder-
ful effect. From 1800 to 1820, besides Mr. Bamford, this circuit, which
f.vtended from Horton to Digby, was at various periods superintended by
Revs. Joshua Marsden, William Sutcliffe, James Priestly, William
ilonnett, William Croscombe, James Dunbar, Adam Clarke Avard,
Sampson Busby* and John Snowball. In 181!*, when Air. Busby was
superintendent, there were 250 members in this circuit. Rev. A. C. Avard
was a son of Rev. Joseph Avard, who I >re his French name as a native
of Guernsey. The father, who was a iisciple of the celebrated Doctor
Adam Clarke, came to Prince Edward Island in 1 '06, and laboured as a
Methodist mis,sionary in that province and in New Brunswick and Nova
Scotia. The son at first studied law, but abandoned it for the gospel
ministry, in which he was a strong, active and popular worker. He died
in 1821 at Fredericton, whither he had removed from Annapolis the
previous year. A union meeting for mutual edification promoted by Col.
Bayard, was held at Nictanx in September, 1817, at which five Methodist
ministers, Rev. Messrs. Bennett, Croscombe, Busby, Priestly and Avard,
* Mr. Busby wiih the father-in-Iiiw of William Smith, Ehcj., long Deputy Ministi-i
i)f .Nhu'iiii; and Fisheries of Camilla.
ao
:}()()
HISTORV OK AXNAPOLIS.
with two (if the loading Baptist ministers, Revs. T. Ilandley Cliipinan and
Ansley, took part. Tlie years 1838 and 183!* witnessed great accessions
to the M(!thodist Church at Nictaux, and tiie Fine drove church was
about that time built. Andi'cw Hcndei'son, already noticed, was from
18;{2 onwai'd, a sti'ong pillar of Methodism in Annapolis, as foi- many
j'ears later his son George was in Digby. He first taught school in
Wilmot, where in 18'J1, thirty-si.x years later than Forman in l>igby, he
followed the example (tf Forman by establishing a Sunday School, one of
the earliest in that section of the county. In Annapolis he kept for
some years a boarding school at Albion V^ile,* west side of Allain's creek,
where many prominent Methodists, laj' and clerical, received a .sound
])reparator}' training. He was an able magistrate and j)ostmast(n', and
always amply adorned his profession as a Christian, a living "epistle
known and read of all men."
No worthier name appeai-s in the long roll of those able ministers of
the Gospel who claim this county as their liiith-place than that of the
lieverend Robeit Ansley Ciiesley. He was the second son of Sanmel
Chesley, Es(|., by a second marriage, and his mother was Louisa,
daughtei- of Phineas Lovett, Ksc]., of Round Hill. (See Chesley and Lovett
genealogies.) He was born in Gi'anviile, in 1816, and after his ordination
he exerci.sed his ministerial othce on various stations within this con-
fererce and at Bathurst, N.B., his last circuit in his native province
being at Digby. He difMl November 27th, 1806, at St. John's, New-
foundland, where he had been appointed about six months previously to
the office of superintendent of the circuit ; the disease which so pre-
maturely terminated a career which promised so much, being a malignant
fever contracted wliile discharging his ministerial duties. Such was the
esteem in which he was held in that citj-, that a fund of about four
hundred pounds sterling was promptly subscribed for the benefit of his
widow and orphans, the list being headed by the then Bishop of the
Diocese, whose Archdeacon had received ministerial visits and relig-
ious consolation on his death-bed from Mr. Chesley. He mai'ried
in 1848 Hannah Albee, and had four children, three sons and a daughter,
of whom the eldest son, Sanuiel A. Chesley, Es(|., is Judge of Probate at
Lunenburg, and a leading Methodist layman.
* T HUHjiect tlmt Rov. Dr. Smitii, to whone personal <:ourtesy as well as his
valuable " History of Metliodism in Eastern British America," I am largely inilel)te<l
for most of the facts mentioned in tliis Hketeli, was miHiiiformeil when he says
oppo.sition to Mr. Henderson as a Metliodist drove him from flie town to Albion
\'ale for a site for lii.s lioarding scliool. The townsjwople nnioh appreciated Mr.
Henderson as a teai'lier, and woulil hardly object to a boarding school In their midst
either on connuercial or religious groimds. Albion Vale would be a healthy locality,
and one where the boys would be kept more free from bad associations.
Rkv. Hohkkt Anslkv Ciikslicy.
HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS. 307
I'UEfSBYTERIAN.
No doubt there wus quite a sprinkling of people attached to the
Presbyterian order of faith and worship from Scotland and the Nortli of
Ireland among tl- early settlers in the county, but these were absorbed
in the other religious l)odies around them. With the more recent
accessions of population others* came in greater numlt)ers and with more
cohesiveness, not only from Scotland, but from the eastern parts of the
Province, where the Presbyterian body has always been strong. At
length, in 1858, the first Presbyterian congregation was organized at
Annapolis, the following being among its promoters : the late George
Ruiiciman, a native of Haddington, Scotland, long a leading merchant of
the town ; the late Wm. M. Forbes, the late James Gray, and the late
Arthur King. A church was soon commenced which was finished for
worship about 1862. By the year 1870, a church edifice at Bridgetown
was found necessary, and a pretty brick church and manse were erected
there, conspicuous and comely features of the town. The first settled
pastor was Rev. J. A. Murray, who was sent here in 1857, and afterwards
removed to I<ondon, Ont., where he died. He was an able preacher, as
was also his successor. Rev. D. S. Gordon, whose pastorate began in 1862.
He was succeeded by the Rev. W. H. Gray in 1879, and the Rev. R. S.
Whidden in 1894.
ADVENTISTS.
Revivals in the western part of the Province were much stimulated in
the later thirties and early forties of this century by the startling pre-
dictions of William Miller, a soldier-farmer of Massachusetts, of little
learning, but of strong natural powers of mind, who had devoted himself
to the study of Scripture prophecy, and announced as a result that the
stupendous cataclysm which was to inaugurate the final judgment would
occur in 1843. Among the writer's earliest recollections was the singular
appearance of the snow one winter night, suffused with a strange reddish
tint, apparently caused by a similar red appearance of the moon. This
phenomenon, which must have been widely noticed, he declared was the
fulfilment of the prophecy that the moon in the last days should be "turned
into blood" — an unusually dark day quite a number of years before, and the
grand meteoric shower of 18.33, being the other portents promised in Joel
ii. 31, and Matthew xxiv. 29. Among the rural population the excite-
ment as the year drew nigh and at length dawned became intense ; and a
sudden and more than commonly brilliant flash of the aurora borealis, or
the blaze of a bright meteor darting across the sky, or the reflection from
the flame of a burning chimney in the neighbourhood starting up through
the darkness of the night, was hailed by the nervous with terror or
308 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
deliglit as the outburst of tlie fire that was to consume a guilty world, and
bring man face to face witii eternal weal or woe.* Time wore on, and the
year rolled away like its predecessois into the shadowy j)ast ; but a new
l)ody of Christians called Second Adventists arose out of the agitation,
and in the earl}' sixties included (juite a number of respectable adherents
on the county line between Digby and Annapolis, who were ministered to
by a settled pastor. One of the doctrines of the denomination pronounced
war unlawful, and so when the militia were called out in 1 866, to which year
fresh calculations had postponed the grand event, they refused to obey
the summon.s, and the Digby jail was filled with prisoners who jjreferred
that mart^'rdom to drilling in the ranks ; and eagerly distributed their
pamphlets and charts through the bars of the jail window. Another of
their beliefs is that at deatli tlie whole person dies — body, soul and spirit
-to be revived at the general resurrection ; so that the judgment must
be experienced at the next instant of consciousness after death, and that
the punishment of the wicked will be a second death, by fire, and not
everlasting suffering. A branch of this organization called the Seventh
Day Adventists claims some followers near Annapolis, who were visited
by llev. Mr. Farman in 1894 and 1895.
Additions to N'oviendature. — Three Christian names have been com-
mon in the county and peculiar to it, which are now handed down from
father to son and uncle to nephew, while in most cases those who bear
thera do not know how thsir application as "given names" originated.
Millidge perpetuates the memory of Rev. John Millidge; Ansley, the
llev. Thomas Ansley ; and Avard, the Rev. Adam C. Avard. Rev.
T. Handley Chipman and Rev. J. Moore Campbell have been much
honoured in the same way.
*The .storv of "A Little Millerite," Vol. XL, Cenhiry Magazine, 1886, p. 307,
vividly rociilk'd and illustrated my own experience of the effect of this agitation on
the minds of children.
CHAPTER XVIII.
By the Editor.
Lists of p\iblic officers — Justices of tlic Pence — Members of the Legislature, etc. —
Census stiitistics — Tlie Apple Trade.
IN early days there was a Provost Marshall for the whole province. An
Act for the appointment of a Hiffh Sherif!" for each county passed
in 1778, and in 1780 received the assent of the Crown on condition that
the Provost Marshall, Fenton, should receive a pension, and probablj-
came into operation in 1781 or 1782. For many years the sheriffs were
selected annually by the Lieutenant-Governor out of a list of three
suitable men in each county prepared by the Chief Justice. In later
times, and until 1883 the list was prepared by the Chief Justice and a
Judge of the Supreme Court, or two judges selected by the Chief Justice,
in conjunction with a committee of two of the Executive Council. The
first trace we have of the office in the County of Annapolis shows that
Phineas Lovett, jun., was High Sheriff from April to June, 1782. We
cannot supply the name or names for the next two years. Tn 1 784 Rohert
Tucker was appointed. He was, no doubt, the Loyalist physician and
surgeon mentioned in Sabine, Vol. II., p. 3G6 and appendix. After his
death, about the year 1790, Robert Dickson seems to have been
appointed, and from this time to about 1806 he or William Wixniett
received the appointment each year. The records are obscure and imper-
fect, and the contemporary almanacs are not all preserved. In 1792,
William Winniett ; in 1794, Willia.m Winniktt; in 1797 and probably
continuously until 180.3, Robert Dickson ; in 1806, probably a year or
two earlier, William Winniett was again appointed and held the office
until a few weeks before his death, December 4th, 1824, except during
the year 1820, when John Burkett was Sheriffl He died in 1821, and in
1822, according to the Nova Scotia calendar, Alexander Burkett was
Sheriff", but accoi;ding to the Farmer's almanac, William Winniett. In
1824 (October 30) Edward H. Cutler was appointed, and annually there-
after until December 1, 1847, inclusive, his deputy at Digby, Jacob Roop,
succeeding him in the new county in 1837. Mr. Cutler was afterwards
310 HISTORY OF ANNAI'OLI.S.
RefjiHtriir of Deeds many years. In 1848 (Deceiulier 12) Wklcomb
WiiEELOCK was appointed, and annually until December 12, 18r)5, when
he was a;;ain a{)pointe(l and died in olHce. In IHSC) (June 27) Pktku
HoNNKTT was appointed, and on December 2, and annually thereafter
until April 4, 1881, when he was appointed for the ensuin}^ year. In
1882 (March 10) AuousTim Hdhinson, M. D., was appointed and held
office until 188;5 (July 19), when Petkk Bonnett was again appointed, but
resif,'ncd July 5 of the same year. In 1884 (March 5) J. Avakd Mouse
was appointed, and held the otKce until his death, January, IHOT). In
1895 Edwin (<ates. Chief Deputy, served as High Sherifi" until August
l.'{, 1896, wluMi his commission was issued.
JuDr.Es OK Prohate.
In early times the Governor-in-Council granted probate of wills and
letters of administration.
In 17G7, Jonatli .a Hoar was Surrogate Judge of Probate for the
County of Annapolis.
In 1776 Joseph Winniett was appointed Judge of Probate.
In 1796 William Winniett was appointed.
In 1810 Elkanah Morton was appointed for the Western District and
held the ottice until the division of the county, and then continued judge
for the new County of Digby.
In 1824 (December 13) Thomas C. Haliburton was appointed for the
Eastern District and filled the office until 1829.
In 1829 Edward II. Cutler was appointed.
In 1842 (Jeorge S. Millidge, who died December 7. 1865.
In 1866 E<lward Cutler Cowling, who died January 21, 1895.
In 1895 (January 25) Jacob M. Owen was appointed.
Members of the LECiisr.ATiVE Council, Residing in
Annapolis County.
Hon. Joseph Fitzrandolph, appointed 1838.
Hon. Alfred Whitman, appointed 1857.
Hon. William Cagney Whitman, appointed 1861.
Hon. George Whitman, appointed 1881.
Hon. William Hallet Ray, appointed 1887.
By Royal ordinance the prefix "Honourable" is appHed to members
of the Legislative Council appointed before the union of the provinces in
the year 1867. To others it is given by courtesy only.
HISTOHV ()K ANNAPOLIS. 311
Mkmiikhs ok Till.; PiioviNctAi, Paiimamknt.
Th(i fiiHt Assemhly met Oftolx'i- "Jiid, 17")H, hut altlioujili the towiiHliip
of AntiiijMjlis wan ullotted a mtMiibci', it was not lepn'st^iiti'd.
17r)((. County, .Jonathan H(»ai' and Krasnius James Phillips.
17G1. County, Joseph VVoodnias, John Stoolf. Township -Annapo-
lis, Jt)seph Winniott, Thomas Day.
1705. County, Joseph Winniott, J uhn Harris. Townships Annapo-
lis, Jonathan Hoar-; Uranville, flenry Munroe. Fn i7(!S, John llicks
in place of II. Mutu-oe, resigned.
1770. County, Phineas Ijovett, Joseph Patten. Townships — Annapo-
lis, Obadiah Wheelook ; (iranville, .lolin Harris.
1771.'. (iranville, Christopher Prime, in place of John Harris.
1775. County, William Shaw, John Hall. Townships — Annapolis,
Phineas Lovett, jun. ; (Jranville, Christopher Prince.
1776. County, Phineas Lovett and John Hall. They did not serve.
1777. County. William Shaw, Hemy Evans. Townships — Annapolis,
I'hineas Lovett, jun. ; (Jianville, Christopher Prince.
17f<2. County, John Ritchie, in place of Henry Evans, died.
17Ht. Townshij) of Annapolis, Stephen De Lancey, in place of
Phineas Lovett, jun
178"). County, Thomas Barclay, David Seabury. Townships —
Annapolis, Stephen D«! I^ancey ; (rranxille, Benjamin James.
There had until this year l»een no gtiiiei-al election since 1770.
1787. Township of Digby, Major Thomas Millidj^e.
1789. County, Thomas Barclay, Alexander Howe. Townships-
Annapolis, Colonel James De Lancey ; Uranville, Benjamin James ;
Digby, Thomas Millidge.
1793. County, Thomas IMillidge, James Mofjdy. Townships —
Annapolis, Thomas Barclay ; (Jranville, Alexander Howe ; Digby, Henry
Rutherford.
1800. County, Thomas Millidge, James Moody. Townships —
Annapolis, Phineas Lovett, jun. ; Granville, Edward Thorne ; Digby,
Henry Rutherford.
1806. County, Thomas Ritchie, Henry RuHierford. Townships —
Annapolis, Thomas Walker; Granville, Isaiah Shaw; Digby, John
Warwick.
1812. County, Thomas Ritchie, Peleg Wiswall. Townships —
Annapolis, John Harris; Granville, Isaiah Shaw; Digby, John Warwick.
1819. County, Thomas Ritchie, John Warwick. Townships —
Annapolis, Thomas Ritchie (son of Andrew) ; Granville, Timothy
Ruggles, jun. ; Digby, William Henry Roach.
1820. County, Thomas Ritchie, Samuel Campbell. Townships —
812 mSTOIlV OK ANNAPOLIS.
Annapolis, J<ihn ISdln-rlsdn : (imnvillc, Timothy llu;,'),'I(!s ; l>iKl)y,
Willi.iiii Mt'iiiy Uoiifli.
lHjr>. County, Aluiilmni (•I'sncr, in placo of TlioniiiH Kitcliir.
1827. County, Tlionms Chiin(lU>i- lliilil)urton, Williiun tlonry Hoacli.
Townsliips Annapolis, Janios U. [^(vctt ; ( i run vill«, Timothy Uuj,'t{lP8 ;
l)i<{l)y, Joiin Klivanah Morton.
IHi'it. (bounty, .Jolin .Johnstone, in phiw of Thomas C. Ilalihurton.
18.'10. County, William If. Iloaoli, John Johnstone Townships -
Annapolis, James 11. Lovett ; (triinville, Timothy Iluf,'>,'les ; Di^'hy,
Charles Hmhl.
1H;j1. Township of Lirauville, James Delap, in place of Timothy
ltu;,'j,'les.
18."JG-.'57. County, Frederic A. Rohicheau, William Holland. Town-
* ships — Annapolis, Klnathan Whitman ; (Jranville, Stephen S. Thorne ;
Dij^hy, James 1 5. Holdsworth.
1841. County, Samuel W. Chijnnan. Townships — Annapolis, Henry
(jates ; (jrraMville, Stephen S. Thorne.
1811. County, Hon. Jamcis W. Johnstone. Townships -Annapolis,
Alfred Whitmai. ; (Jranville, S. S. Thorne.
1847. The same, re-elected.
1851. The same, re-elected.
18."».~). County, Hon. James W. Johnstone. Townships — Annapolis,
Moses Shaw ; (iranville, S. S. Thorne.
1857. Township of Granville, Timothy D. Ruggles, in place of S. S.
Thorne.
1859. County, Hon. James W. Johnstone, Moses Shnw, Avard
Lonj,'ley ; Township representation having heiui abolished.
1863. County, Hon. James W. Johnstone, Avard Longley, (Jeorge
Whitman.
1805. County, W. H. Kay, in place of Hon. J. W. Johnstone.
The memVu'rs of the House of Commons since the Confederation of
the provinces in 1867 have been :
William Hallet Ray, 1867-1878.
Avard Longley, 1878-1882.
Wra. Hallet Kay, 1882-1886.
John Burpee Mill.-s, 1886-1896.
The members of the Provincial Legislature have been :
Hon. J. C. Troop (Speaker) and David C. Landers, September 18,
18G7, to December, 1874.
Hon. Avard Longley and Hon. Wm. Botsford Troop, December, 1874,
to Sejjtember 15, 1878.
Hon. W. B. Troop, M.E.C., and Caleb W. Shafner, September 15,
1878, to June 20, 1882.
IIISTOKV OK ANNAPOLIS.
318
Hun. .1. VVillM^rforco liOiiKlHy (Attorney Oeneral) and Ihsne-y Muuicm',
from .luno '>(), 1882, to .June 15, IHH(».
Hon. J. VV. L()nj,'l(!y and Fnink Ainlrt'ws, from .Fune IR, 188G, to May
If), 1890.
Hon. .1. W. Lon«loy, from May 15, 1890, to March 1'), l,S9t.
Harris Hardin;,' riuitc, from May IT), 1890, till his d«atli in March,
IHO'J, and Henry Mimroc from Jun»% 189L', to March I.'), 1H9I.
Hon. J. W. Lon^'lcy an<l .lr)st»|)li A. Hancroft, from March 1.'), 1891, to
the jiH'.scnt time.
The undornoted li«t* contains the names, so far as a.sccrtained, of all
tiiose persons who have been in the Commission of the Peace from 17o0
to the year 18;i7, when the county was divided; and also the names of
all the .Ju.stices of the Inferior Court of Common I'ieas since its institution
in I7G2, to its abolition in 1840. It has been arranged alphabetically
for the convenience of the reader.
NAMKH.
^
i
u
a
a
s
■5.5
II
Office.
it
Oriifin.
Iteaidence,
+Alliin, Col. .TamcH
Hardiw, Thoiims (M.F.F.)
Boniitsll, Ihhim!
liuiiHon, ChriHtoj)li((r
Brown, Major Ishik;
BaiiiiiHter, ThoiiiiiH ,
Bu(l<l, Klisha
Bcn.son, Charlos .
Benson, Christophor, jnn .
Bonru'll, Wni. K
Boyci% Ja(-o)>
Bayard, Sionuul V
Bent, John
J. P. 1784
J. P.
J.P
J. P.
J.P.
J.P.
J.P.
T.P.
. . J. P.
, . . J. P.
.. . J. P.
Bent, William I. P.
Budd, CliarleH(M.P.P.) J.P.
Clie.>iIoy, Benjamin J. P.
Chi])man, .Samuel B T. P.
Campbell, Samuel (M.P.P.) .... J. I'.
("ornwell, Tliomaa J. P.
Chesley, Samuel J. P.
Chipman, Major J. P.
1784
17H4
1704
1784
1785
I78fl
181.5
1810
1818
1803
18.S.S
1810
1832
1784
isio
179:$
J.C.C.P
I.e.
J.C.
C.P
C.P
J.C.C.P.
1794
1806
^Loyalist . . .
r..oyali8t . . . ,
Pro-loyalist..!
Loyalist .... ^Digby.
Pre -loyalist.
I' .
Loyalist . , .
M ...
Pre-loyalist.
* This list was compiled l)y the deceased autlior. it must be remembered that
the .lustices of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas were not Lawyers by profession.
In 1824 the Province was divided into Districts, and a Barrister of the requisite
standiiiL' appointed to preside as Chief Justice of the Court in each District, with
enlarged jurisdicticm, the lay judges being still retained for certain duties.— [Kd.]
t Founder of the Allen settlement.
J The word " Loyalist" liere means that the Justice was a Loyalist, or a descend-
ant of a Loyalist, of the revolution ; the word " Pre-loyalist," that he was an earlier
.settler, or a descendant of one. — [En.]
814
HISTORY c»K ANNAPOLIS.
NAMKH.
('Iii|iiii»n, .liiliii HiieNton
•('iillcr, Kliciic/.cr
Ciiiiiiilii'll, (.'oliii, Nt'ii . , , .
'I'
ChuHloy, SainiK;!
■I. I'.
.1. I'.
.f. V.
.1. 1'.
Diliimi'H, iKmwu F. I'.
Doiit'ut, Aiinultlc F. I*.
IVuicot, SiiiiiiutI J. I'.
Do L.iii..!y, ("ol. .FiiiiR'H (M.lM'.)J.l».
l)c Liiiii'i'y, VVilliiiiii jj. I
Dfiiiolitor, Li'WJH 'J. 1
l)o)l^e, Hviijuiniri
DitnmrH, ■Fiihii li.
DyHoii, (it'orj^e. . .
Dunn, •liilin
KviuiH, Henry ( M.P.I'.).,
Fit/.Hatjilolpli, Robert
Fit/.Kiinil()I|ih, J(>HC|ih
Fowler, Ali'xiuKU-r . . . .
Fit/.Kunilolph, John . .
OoMsbury, Sanniul .
J. V.
.J. 1'.
J.I'.
J. P.
J.P
IP
■IP
J.P
J.P
J. P.
Huinilton, Amlrcw I. P.
Httht, FrtMluri.- William J. P.
How, Kdwanl J.P.
Hill, Ri<iiar.l ,].l'.
Hall. John (M.P.P.) 'j. P.
Hoiljji-s, John ^J. P.
HainH, Hartholoniow 'j. P.
Hoar, Jonathan (M.P.P.) 'j. P.
Hall, James ! J. P.
Hannun, Antlionv J. P.
Huf^hes, .lohn F.
Hall, Samuel . .
Hanilfielil, John
HankiiiHon, Reuben
J. P.
J.P.
J.P.
J.F'.
Howe, Alexander (.NF.P.P.) J. P.
Hicks, Weston
Hull, James
I. P.
J.l
James, Fknjaniin (M.l'.P. )
Jones, Josiah
•Tones, Simeon
James, Thomas
Jones, Stephen
Jones, Charles
Jones, Cereno Upham (M.P.P.).
Jones, William
Kysch, George Anthony
Katherns, Samuel
Kerin, Terrance
J.P
F. P
J.P
J. P.
J.P.
f. P.
J.P.
J.P.
J.P.
J.P.
J.P.
e
ll
is;)5
IHH'i
iH'id
1 800
17»3
IHIO
I7HI
IHIU
I7H4
170(1
ih:u
17(H)
1771
1701
17113
18:U
I8i7
1785
1772
171)4
178.1
1784
17((3
1787
1818
1754
1810
1828
I81»
I8-J6
17-)1
180(1
1818
183*2
1783
1785
171)3
1785
1817
1817
1819
1784
1777
1786
«)rlKlii.
KrNidpticc.
I.C.l'.P.
J.C.C.P.
J.C.( .1'.
J.C.C.P
J.C.C.l'.
J.C.C.P,
J.C.C.P
J.C.C.P
. . jPre-lovulist.,
LoviiliHt . , . .
Pre-loyali»tt..
LoyaliMt . . . .
Freneh ....
1784
17(11
1701
Kovaiist
I're- loyalist.
Loyalist . . .
I'relovalist.
Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist . . .
(iranvillc
Loyalist , . .
Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist
1785 Pr^- loyalist.
. . jljoyalist . . .
Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist . . .
II ...
170 Pre-loyalist.
Immigrant .
. . Loyali,st . . .
. . Pre-loyalist.
. . 1 1
. . Loyalist . . .
1793 Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist
English
Loyalist
Loyalist
firanyille.
Digby.
Annapolis.
l)igl)y.
(iranvillc.
Digby.
Digby Neck..
Annapolis.
(iranville.
Annapolis.
Digby.
(iranvillc.
Annapolis.
Sissiboo.
(iranyille.
Annapolis.
[(iranvillc.
Sissiliuo.
Loyalist
(iranvillc.
Sissiboo.
Digby.
Sissiboo.
Clements.
|Cltments.
i Digby.
' Clerk of the Peace.
IIIST(»UV OK ANNAI'OMS.
31 :>
NAMKH.
! 1
L<)vett, I'liin.'iiH, jmi. (M.IM'.i .1.1*.
Lovftl, I'liin.iiH (M.IM' ) .1.1'.
I^IVctt, I'llilD'IlN, JUII ). 1'.
Li'oiiurcl, S.'tli \.V.
LovcU, Jaiii.M KuMHill (M.P.P.). J.H
MorriHoii, ■Icilni, jiiii !. l*.
.MillH. KiimciM J. P.
.Muiiio, Col. Ht'iiiv 1. 1*.
.M.'Nfil. N.-il ..." .I.P,
.\lilliilK<',Tlii>niiiH,(;MMtiiM|M.lM>).l. I*.
.M.lJiiitliy, Clmtlt's VV I. P.
.Mdi'ton, Klkiina .1. I'.
.Milliil)?e, K.'v. .I.ilin J. 1*.
.Mori'lmiiHr, .loliii .1. 1'.
MrNuil, WilliniM I.l».
Morton, John KIkiiiiii (M.IM'.). J.F.
Maislmll, William J. P.
Miili.l«e, .lohn J, P.
NiuholH, Daviil
Ncilv. KolKsit
J. P.
J. P.
Quoi'cau, JoHhua ,
I71M»
l77(».r.C.C.P. 1H0«
INIU
ih:m
1771
I7«-
i7Hr.
i7it:<:.J.c.('.P. iHio
1H0.1
IK17|
IH04i'
I7it4
IHM
l«»5
18-
j.c.«;.p. 1HI7
Prince, lionjaniin K P. 171H)
•Pliilli|)s, KrasniUH JuniuH. . . , .1. P. I7')9
Pineo, Potcr ). P. 17S1
Prince, ChriHlopher I. P. I77<>
Patten, .loNcpli J. P. XHV.i
I'arker, Tlionia.- J, P.
Potter, Benjamin I. P. 1H:{4
PerkiiiH, Rev. Cyvw ). P. ISIO
Phiniiev, /el.ulon J. V. \HM
Puyson', KliHha J. P. 1834
J. P.
RobertHon, JanieH F. I'.
RosH, VVm., Lieut. H.N.S. Kej^t. I. P.
Ritchie, Andrew .... ). P.
Riifigles, Richnnl, jiiii J. P.
Ritchie, Thos. (.M.P.P.) (son of
Andrew) I. P.
Ritoliie, .John I. P.
Robinson, ,John J. P.
Ran.hill, William J. P.
Rei.l, Joim J. P.
Richardson, Philip J. P.
Ruggles, .John J. P.
Ruggles, Tiinotliy, jun J. P.
RutJicrford, Henry I. P.
tRitctiie, Tliomas,' Ciiatos Rot'ni .J. P.
RoJ)inHon, Lieut. George J. P.
J.C.C.P.
Shaw, William (M.P.P.)
Shaw, Moses
.J. P.
. J. P,
18U)
1826
ISKi
171)9
1700
ISl't
1771I.J,
18—
183-1
1817
177-2
171II)
182«
1807
I8;i'2
1S32;
I
1777
1793
C.C.P
OriKin.
Pre-loyaliBt, .
II . .
It
It ■ .
II . .
Pre- loyalist. .
M
M . .
l^iOValist . . . .
(iranville.
Wilmiit.
Digl.y.
(iranvillu,
Digby.
Pr<(-l()yaliMt. .1 i.
LovaliMt Ain\apoliM.
Digby.
Kctlili'iMf.
Anna|M)lli,
Wilniot.
Anna|M>liH.
Pre-loyalist.
VVilniot.
Pre-l«)yaliBt. . ! Annapolis.
Pre-loyalist. .1 Annapolis..
Granville.
M
I, , . (iranville.
[..oyalist .... iMemcnt.H.
1810 Immigrant . . Annapolis.
Pro-loyalist.. Wilmot.
1780
Loyalist . . . . iGranvilie.
Loyalist
Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist . . .
Loyalist . . .
Pre-loyalist.
Loyalist . . .
Pre-loyalist.
i Pre-loyalist.
Annapolis.
Clements.
Annapolis.
I)igbv.
Wilmot.
Digbv.
Wilmot.
I.
(Jranville.
Digby.
Annapolis.
Granville.
Foi' the Province at largo. t Judge Ritchie.
316
HISTOKV OF ANNAI'OLIS.
NAMKS.
J
«i 1
e
ii
2
H
,
•o.S
,
•s =
s
.'ja
t
,^a
<9 a.
4 a
©
CK
o
o<i
Oi-i|rjll,
Itegklunoe.
Seiil.iirv, Davirl (M.P.P.)
St(M-lc,'l).M;t..i J.>liii(M.J'.F.)
Sii(>(lj,'i'aNs, Anilrcw
Spun-, William
Sijiof^nc, Rev. .1. M
Sjm(lcrs, I'ai'doii
Sncclcii, I^iwriiiioc
St. Croix, l't\tvr dv
Tinpaiiy, Major Robert
'I'liornc, Kdward, CustoH Rot.,
1827(M.r.P.)
Tucker, ReiiUen
J. P. 178ft
J. r. 1702
.I.P. I78H
J. P. 18
J. P.
J. P.
.1. P.
J. P.
J. P.
J. P.
J. P.
VietH, Rev. Roger I. !',
VVilliaiiiH, TlioiiiaH, sen
"\Viiiiiiett,.losepli, sen. (M.P.P.
Walker, TlioiiiaH
WLswall, Rev. .lolin
Wiswall, John
Wiiiniett, William
Wliitinan, .John
Warwick, .lohn
Whitman, .fames
Wheeloek, Klias
Willett, Walter
Winniett, .losepli, jun
W'hitnian, .lameH
Wiswall, John, jun
18(W
181»
1KI8
180<i
1784
178(i
1803
1815
17!U
I7.''>J»
17(>2
J. I'.il771
J.P. 1818
J.P.jl8|{»
J.P. 1800
J.P.
I.P
J.P.
J.P.
J. P.
J. P.
J.P.
J. P.
.I.P.
J. I
J.C.C.P.|1704 [^.yalist . . .. 'Annapolis.
Pre loyalist. .; m
J.C.C.P.
I.e.
J.C,
C.P
C.P
J.C.C.P.
18001
. . i
178ft;
18-
18.3.'»
1807 Loyalist ...iDigliy.
Pro-loyalist. . jCiranville.
French Clare.
Annapolis.
II
(iranvillf.
Pro-loyalist. .
Loyalist
Loyalist
Loyalist . . . ,
1709 Pro-loyalist.
1701
.. I
. . Loyalist . . . .
. . ' II . . . .
. . I Pro -loyalist. .
. < ti . .
l817jLoyalist . .
. . ! Pre- loyalist.,
I '■
. . I II
. . jPre-loyalist. ,
Digby.
Granville.
Digby.
Digby.
Annapolis.
Wilmot.
11
Annapolis.
Digby.
JAnnapolis.
iWilmot.
Clements.
Annapolis.
The followinj,' is a list of the gentlemen who held the office of Custos
Rotulorum (President of the JJench of Mfigi.strates) from the division of
the county in 1837 to the coming in force of the County Incorporation
Act, by which the duties before devolving on the Court of Sessions
and the CJrand Jury were superseded :
Judge Tlionias Ritchie, 18.^7 to 18.")'_'.
Major Ohipman, 1852 to October term of sessions, 1865.
Silas L. Mor.se, Barrister, October, 1865, to October, 1867.
Jared 0. Troop, Barrister, M.RP., October, 1867, to October 27th,
187.5.
William Hallet Ray, M.P., October 27th, 187.5, to the first session of
the Municipal Council, January .30th, 1880.
The first County Council was elected on the third Tuesday of Novem-
ber, 1879, and consisted of the following members :
Ward No. 1 (Melvern Square and Margaretsville) -D. E. McGregor.
Ward No. 2 (Middleton) — George Roach.
* For the Province at large.
HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS. 317
Ward Nf). .'$ (Clarnnct! iind Lawn-iitH^towii) J. Stewai-t L(!()iiiinl.
Ward No. 4 (Bridf,'etowii) Alfro<l V^idilo, who hold oHic-c till 18!)"),
when dc^ftiatfid by Hector Muljean.
Ward No. r> (ISelleisle) W. H. Younj,'.
Ward No. G ((iraiiville Kerry, iiichidiiij,' Parker's Cove, etc.) — Georj^e
Kennedy.
Ward No. 7 (Ijowt^r (Jranville) -James li. 'I'lioriie.
Ward No. 8 (Cleinent,s[)ort) — Janicis P. Kooji, who still liolds office.
Ward No. 9 (lUuir Uiv.n) William Miln<-r.
Ward No. 10 (Ainia[)olis lioyal, ineliidiri<{ Le(]uillt! and Round Mill)
- Artliur W. Corhitt and J. H. Healy.
Ward No. 11 (Carleton's Corner, inclu<linj,' Tupperville, Hentville
and Paradise) Stephen E. IJent.
Ward No. 12 (Nictaux) -Isaac Loiij,'ley.
Ward No. 13 (Sprinj^field and Albany) Joscjph H. I'^reeinan.
Ward No. 11 (Maitland) Charles A. Kord.
Ward No. 1") (Dalhousie) — .Ji>8eph Buckler.
The first Warden elected was (Jeorj^e Kennedy, 1 87!* to 188.'$. lie
was sncc-cded l)y James H. Thorne, 188:$ to 188."» ; James P. Jioop, 188")
to 188 ; Harris Hardin?,' Chute, 1887 to 1889; James P. Koop, 1889 to
the present time.
TiiK Cknsu.s.
In 1817 the population of th(^ undivided county was 9,817; in 1827 it
iiad increased to 14,GCI, flistributed by relij,'ious beliefs as follows:
Church of Kngland, 4,900 : Bajitists, 4,872 ; Romaji Catholics, 2,60 1 ;
MothiKlists, 1,77(1; Pres))yterian, 190; others, 19.
Jn 1838, the year after tlu; division of th<^ county, the population of
Annapolis County was 12,036, and that of l>if(by Cttunty 9,189.
In 1851 the population of the county was 1 1,286.
In 1861 tlie [K)j)ulation was 16,753, distributed anions the townships
and municipal wards as fcdlows :
Waril.
Townsliii) of VVIhiiot . . . I. (Wilniot, Margai'istsvilh! iiml McadinvNuIc,
now No.s. 1 anil Ki) 1,836
2. (Mi«Mli(toii and I'ort (Irorge) 1,474
3. (Clarence and Port l.,orni') 1,434
Township of (! ran viUc . . 4. (Hridgotown and t-'lnile'.s Cove, or Hampton) 1,4(14
5. (Hclleislo)' 1, !.-,->
I), (dranville l''frry, Parker's Cov(' or Hillsljnrn) 1,252
7. (Lower (hanville) 8!»8
Township of Clcnientspoit 8. (ClcniontHport and Clomentx, eiiHt and went) . 1,31{)
9. (Bear River anil Hessian Line, now (3eni-
entsvale) 941
li\H
IIISTOItY OK ANNAI'OMS.
Wiinl.
Tiiw iisliip of AiiiiapoliH . I((. ( AiiiiapoliH liiiyal, Li'C|iiilk!, Mimchclli^ iind
K..iin<i llili)
11, ((Jiii'li'ton'H ('ot'iii^r, iiii'liiiling Tnp|i(!i'villo unci
oiiHt to I'lirmllm!)
12. (Ni(^l(uix)
|)iillii)iiHii' in
Mail land 14
iMorM(r» Uoad 15
Uy religions iih follows :
HapliNls S,8"t» UiiivcrMaliHis
( 'Ininh of Kn>!land 'iJt^O
MclhodiHl .'M04
I'nwIiyttM'ianH
CalliolicH
C/uakiM's
hutluMiinH
( 'ongi'i'gationaliHtH
Wl jdliriMtian DiHripluH.
4;«)
Othn-H.
Not Kiv(
! ,H()3
707
I ,'2:vi
5(1 1
•Am
i(i,7r.:j
47
4(»
'2«
fi
54
37
NniiilxT of huHlit'ls of fipplfiH raiHiul, fi'i, IK"). liUiiil»<!i- producMMJ : \J}'2()
thoUHiiii(l f<'(it of jiini^ l)oar<ls ; 1,.")SS thoiisaiid feed, spr'ici) iiikI liciiilock ;
r)2 tliousaiid toiiH of .si|tiaro tiiiib(!r ; '200 tliouHaiid slaves.
In 1H71 tilt! population was 18,1*21, as follows (Kor iiumlxir of
and t(!rritory emhradud, neo censuH of IHGI, unfn) :
Ily WarilH.
i,,sit:»
ward
VVihnot
Middlclon (Jornur 1,542
VhiVMU-M l,<i.V-
Hiidgiitowii I ,IW'.
HvUmhU'. 1,000
<;ninvilli. \'\'.n\ 1,4.''.5
Ijowcr ( iianvillr 81(1
ChinidnlMport I ,.'I<I2
Hear llivcr and HoHHian Line .... 1,272
Ainiap<ili.M 2,127
(lailelon'H (/'oilier 700
Nirtaiix I,;Wti
DalliouHJc . . . .
Moiw-'h Koad
Maitland . . . .
ttOti
:wi
5()7
Total 18,121
Ily lU'liKioMH.
KaptiHtH
(Kogiilai anil otIiei'H, iiirhiiling
''i(!<'will UaptiHls)
Mrtlio.iiMtH, Wenluyan
MciliodiHts, not clft«Hcd a; " Wns-
leyaiiH"
.MrtliodiMtH, K/piHcopal
Clinridi of Kngland
Cat liolicH
I'lCHliyterian.t
Advent istH
" Itilile Helii^vern"
Ijntlii^ran.s
t^nakorH
Olii'iKlian (Joiifciunut'
Univui'HaliHtB
CoiiK>'<'K"'l in'xil
Ijiiilai'ian
I'lynioutli Itrelliieii
DeJKtH, oi' no r(dif;ion
OtIierH
Not given
Total
10,027
I
.'<.0<t2
.'lUU
524
I7tt
107
52
41
21)
1»
8
8
1
»
118
18,121
IllHTOKY OK ANNAI'OUH.
:{i!)
I5iimIm!|h of iipplcH prodiiwMl, 1I,S,()0K. (."iil)ic foot Hquan; pinn tiinhcr
(wliit,(!), I'J,7'.U, (hmI), 1,111 ; s(mim) oak, ftOO ; Inrdi iumI iimpl.f. l.'J.HJf);
all oilier liin'hrr, (ii.fi.'tf;; pine Io;,'h, ;5K,1-JH; oUior Io;,'h, ]H'>,2\() ; inaHiM,
.sj)arM, o(,<;., I '2!» ; thoMsaii(l.s of stavtJH, 2.'{!) ; conJs of laLliwood, 157; cohIh
of (InnvofKl, '.\\J)'M.
In IH8I (lie whoNi population was roturriod at 20,51)8, im followH (l'V»r
munbrr of ward uiid Usrritory, h*\*'. JHOI):
Wilmot 2,'27r)
iMi<l(ll<'l<)ii I.OlTi
(Jliiri'Mcr IJ.-J!!
IJriiJKi'ti.wn J, 448
Bolli'iHJ.- !,(«)(»
(.'riuiviili! K'-rry 1,.;)»2
Lower <iraiivill(i JMM
CI('iTi<"MtH|i(irt 1,330
liciii- River- anil lleHHian Lint; .... I.Ti'^t
Aniiii|i(iliH jloyal '2,,S33
CaiietorrH Corner HtVi
Nietaiix 1,510
DallioiiHie HOli
MoiHe'u Hiiail 4r)7
iMaitlanil tilO
Total 2(),r»!)8
BaptiHtH—
KeKnlar 11.114, fn^i^will 8.'..... ll.MW
MethoiliHlH, :\,H0'2, Kpiwiopal ilo. 3 3,80.'"(
Churcli of Kn^land 3,557
I'rcHliyterianH 822
Catholii'H 54(»
AflvdntintH '288
Iti 1)1(1 (JhriHtianH 73
Lnt IjeraMH 08
l)iHr,iplrH 41
("iingregational 17
UniverHaliHlH 16
Quakers 12
UnitarianH 5
Itrutliriin 3
Otlii^rH 20
Not j^ivcn 104
I'rofeMHed no f(»rni of roligioim
belief 19
Total 2(),0»8
Nunibnr of InmlKilH of ap|)l»!s |)r<)du(;«!d, .'U 8,1 HO, (Juhic fdot .s(pian)
piiio timber (wliit(i), 5,700, (red), 500; oak, 2,500; tamarao, 1,!)50 ;
biroii and maple, 1,752; biekory, 250; of all otliorH, 212,(115; pine Io;,'h,
<1(),25!{ ; other logs, 90,475 ; masts, spars, etc., 558 ; tbousands of stavoH,
4*19; cords lathwood, 80; cords tanbark, 116; cords firewtHxl, 4'.),555.
Pown to and including tbe yenr 1881, tlie oonmis of population of tli«
l)ominioii was taken on tbe ili: jure, system, so called, liy wbi(!li all
persons temporally absent, but domiciled lien^, wore countcul, and tliosts
tem|)orarily hew from other countri<'.s were excluded. lUit in i)ractico
many of th«! yt>un^ nuin wlu) went abroad to tbe larj^o citicis of tbo United
Htates to find congenial c;mployment, ntmained abroad ; and it was
decichfd in 18!)1 to adopt the >/«/«<;<« system, excluding all actually out of
the Province and in some other country. This certainly (excludes many of
whom tliis coijnty is still the home, but as no medium plan could be ch^vised,
it is perhaps tlie mure accuratt; om). Hut I think the diU'erence in the
;{2()
msTOIlV (»!•• ANNAI'OLIH.
two HysUiiiiH fairly acfioiintH for tli(^ ii|i|Hirrii», <I('(rr<>aH(' hIiowii in (lir;
j)<)j>ula(.ii»n l)y the cftisiiH of |H!»|, wlicii it wii.s rrturiH-d at l!>,.'5r)W, ;,'iv(!ri
hy polling; HiilKliviHioiiH alpliahcticaliy urrangod, us follow.s :
Aliiia|i()liH Itiiyiil (nil of (lie lowti
niii'tli of lli<! v'''<>V(:l pit riiiiil) . !ir)l)
y.vAi- Kivcr (I'M
H.ll.isl.. 1,0(1,-,
l<ti(l;;i'li)wii 1,117
(,'iiili'liiii's (Jipi iicr Hid
(MiircMic (Hi;{
Cli'iiii'iilH (iH7
(ylrllM'lltMVIlll' 704
{;|cnic!iitN Wi'Ml 4(17
l)alli(niHit! 402
(;niiivill(! Kerry WCt
Ivower (ir(vii\ illr i)'l',\
ilaiii|iliiii ;{74
Liivvrcnritdwn Liiiic (iH.'t
l>i'(Hiillc J(2ii
Miiitliiriil
M(Uxiir<'tHvil!<^
Miai|((wvii,l<^ .
Mi'lvci ri
Miihlli'loii . .
Milfnnl
Nrw All)aiiy .
Nii'laiix
I'arUfrV (!<)v<! .
Port (iciMKi . .
Port Liirnc
lUiitKl Kill ,. .
Spriiij^lii'lil . . .
4'i'2
im
(IH7
710
410
'27)»
77.S
r.(i<i
07:1
r.HO
Total i!t,:ir)0
r>y rclif{ioris :
KuptiHl (iiK'liiiliii^ Kri'cwiil) 1(1,4(17
McMiodiMl :t,«i4'2
CInii i:li of Kiinlaiid :i,.'',l4
IJllCH.
Koiiiaii < 'at liolii'
PrcHhytcrian . . , ,
AilvnntiHtH
iSa,lviitioii Ai'iiiy
l.iitlii'raii
Iiililo (,'liriHtiati.
('oMKn^gatioiiiil .
C^iuiki^'H
4«r)
274
!W
71
m
m
21
|)iH<
( JiiitariaiiH , . .
IIiiivfrHaliHtH.
Pr.-tlirr.i
Tuiikiir
ProtcHtaiil . .
OthnrH
Not. Hp(u;ilieil .
14
12
12
5
I
I
2r.
Total lO-.l.-iO
There an- n^port.ed iti lHi)l, ;P.) I'.afjtist (tiiurch fMlifuio.s, 21 MetluKliHt,
I (5 (Muircii of I'iiii^latid, .'5 I'resltyterian, I Kotiiari (Catholic (to which
NJioiild 1m) added aiioth»!r at |{rid{,'et,own), .md one otiie.r hoii.s(\ huilt for
worshi[), hut not elaHni(ied.
IIISI'OIIV (»!■• ANNAI'OIJS.
(ni)Isti(IM, I'jHTAIii.ihiimknth or Annai'oi.ih ("oiintv, 1801,
IChI Alll.lNIIMRNTH.
KlXKD OAriTAIi.
«i
!^
(U
!»
i^
.hT^.
:^
J
•2
a
.9
1
a
II
1
O
f
o
a.
t
1
•3'«
1^
lUiiikHiiiilliciitm
UiMitH iiml HliiirH
Itrii'k Mini I ill' iiiiikiii^
< 'iiliiiict, luiil tiiiiiil'nt iiiiikiii;{
('iiriliiiK iiinl lulling iiiiIIh. . . .
('ui'lM'titrl'H'iinil jiiiiiriH' hIiii|)H
(/'ui'iiiiKi'-tiiiikiii^
(Mhthi^ fiii^toiirM
('iil(^i' iiiiikitij^
( ;(jii|>ciii/,{rH
OoiMi'l fiii^lnrv
l>r)'HHiiiiikiii^'iin>l iiiillliKM'y. .
|Ii'J(mI rnill mill vr),;i'.lali!rH. .
KihIi (Miring
||"li>iiiaiiil )iv\Ht iiiillH
l''iiiiiiili'ii^Hiiiii| iiiii.rli i III! work H
Hill lll'HH llllll HIlllllllMJl'H
Mlll'llll' llllli hIiiIII: I'lll.till^. .
MiiHiriil iiml I'liiiiriilH
I'liikiii)^ ciim- tii'^liii'inH
I'liti'iit iiiiiilicini' fiirliiiy ....
I'liiit.ii^;iii|ilii(: ^'iillrrirH
I'liiiiiii^ iiinl iiiDiililiii^'M . . . .
I 'I II Ml I ins ami ^iih litliTH , .
I'l'iiitin^ llllll itiililisli').; iilliri'H
I'liiiip ami wjmliiiill lai^liirii'H
S.iiliiiakiiij^
SiihIi, iliiiiraml lilimi factorii'H
Saw iiiillM
iSliiii;ilriiiakiiij{
Ship _V'H'<lx
Siiirit inn WDikH
'railiii'H ami oiotliit'.i'H
'ramiriii^H
'I'iiiHiiiil liiii^
W'litrliiiiakiii^ ami .jowollris
VVi'nvi'iH
VVdimI tiirniiif^
$l!M>0
<)S(H)
i;7()
I OS."
i;
-J I 10
Hi}
I'M)
•„'.")(>
triO
170
7
L'OO
•-'! 'ioo!
(ii):ii7.'>o
47:t:.
iifilM)
(WOO
150
i:wri
(ino
ii:io
lO.Vis'
4(M)|
IS(M)I
i:wr.'
;fjr.
:tO()
200
'I'M
7'J:{
'2700
:i(H)o
IlLTi
•275
500
.'100
l'2(M»
500
KM)
KMIO
4(10
'ili«»5
175
1(15
50:i()
0705
•too
5(K)
:jooo
'250
*t5!W)
I7i:i
.'1500
0'250
1700
1 000
H55
170
1105
•2(MI."I
:<oo
'205
.500
'2'27H
1510
.5* Kin
HOO
•210
700
I. 'KM I
•2.50
1000
•2.50
.5000
(•10
100
IN(HI
r)05(>0
I KM)
775
I.5IM)
1510
■2'2 10
•250
no
1015
'200
$00:10
51.S5
IH7(M)
11.500
75
:ti5
(1(05
l'275i
51.571
•20(M)1
IO(M)i
50(M»;
'2.5(M)!
575'
(iO(Hl|
i:t(Mi
2I(M»
1700
'2(M>
K(MH)
100(1
1.'{.50
.'{(MM)
'2(M»
'21 MM)
I)(i0
•2(H)0
KM)
:tiooo
10710,
•25(M)'
'KM)()j
I '2.50
1.5(H)
(i'2
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«
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.S5(15
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1015
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17
5
|-2(M)
(1*2
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(1.574
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l'2
IS(M)
70
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•M
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!(
1417
11
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1)
1
:ioi7
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•2750
(t
i
•2(MM)
:<
0.50
■[
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'2
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7.50
.5.50
:i
'2
1.500
5
<)(H)
:{
l(HM)i
4
1
KUM)'
JIH
l'2
)i7(l!«» 1
.-1 1
.5.50
H-2 1
■2 KiOO
Ml ..
7(M)()
45, r>
l()»'25
14; '2
4'24()
2j..
HOO
•V.
r2(H)
\0\..
I.545I
10
!°
31)08
I
l'24l.'<{fl(il)0.'>
H'2(i7i
l'2(Mli
05HS;
.54'24|
1'205!
105:10:
'2010
l'2(i5
SI)'2I
KMM)
'2:i(M)
7.5(MI
(1'20M
(1710
4(M)0
.'1070
•2.'tO(i'
•2800'
10(H),
4(H)
200
l)(M)
125
(KM)
1044
'2.5(M)
'2(MM)
'20HS1
)1'25
l,S(HM)
1I(MM)|
14.505!
5.5OO1
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;t.-,o
'21 0:1 1
4««:j|
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14(K)(>
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S(i7()
.5(M)2
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7)>'2.5
•2:i'24'2
l.5(M)
7410
l.'KHH)
1.5701
1*2(170
1'2(HM>
0.550
SH(M)
(IHIM)
'2S(M)
:t500
IO(M)
'2'2(M)
KMM)
:<(MH)
(i:t50
4H00
.5(MM)
2(100!(5
•2 1-25
.5.50.50
'25(MM)
:i:t.'l'25
1(WS5
4000
■„'(i(M)
4.5:15
1 2000
'rii(!S(i roturiiH aro ovidoiitly dcfiMitivc. TIk^c*! wdn^ iit IdfiMi oim wodINmi
(iiill id till! (^(iiiiify anil two priiiliiif.; and piiltjisliiii^ rsl.alilisliiiK^titH.
NmnhiT oF IhisIk^I.s ol' applcH pt'iiiliicfil, 2I2,I!)'J. IjuiiiIxt prodiiciid :
Culiio fnot, of Hi|uar(! piiH! t,iml)tM' (wliiU^), .'?,(;00, (ivd), liOO ; oak, l,s:i();
tarriarac, .'$'JI ; Itin^li and inapli-, 2,(Wt2 ; liickory, ; all (»tln!r, 'JII,:57S;
riuinlMT of pin(! Ii>;,'h, 17, 208; oUn^r loifH (Hprucc and ollmr), •JI(),.'t.')G ;
inast.H and spai'M, 2H ; lliousand.s of Htavtis, ('il{2 ; (Mtrds of lalliwood, 1 (7 ;
tanl)ark, 01)2 ; fii'»jwood, 4r»,;{;J7.
21
.'{22 IllSnillV OK ANNAI'OI.IS.
'I'liK Ai'I'm; TifAiti:.
TIm' ciKillilolls ilrM'|(i|iiiii'ril< lit' llli- ;i,|)|ilc ihihiii;; ;imiI ex |i(i|I inj,' IdlsinrMH
ffujuicoM iKil if"' lii'ir, I'roliiilil y llii' tlrnt .slii|iiii<Mil. I'loiii (Iiih roiiiily to
I'ImkIiukI wiiH Ity iJif \iiU' I'irni.imiii VVicr, of llalit'iix, iinil AiiiliruHc I'riit,
1)1' I'linidirfi^, ill |HI!), 'I'lii' Hlii|)iiiciil. whh iiiailc I'nun llulil'.ix lo liivri-|Miiil
liy Hailing vuhncI, uii'I iIm' prici' rruli/.rd wn,'. almiil xj |m'I' ii.uii'l. In
IHTiC) Mr. Hr-iil. Mlii|»|HMl t.o ISiihI.oii liy scIiihmht l'<i,riiil.ini: 700 luiiTflH, tin-
(irHl, (.(I l.liat. iiiaiki^t- in !iiiy <|iiaiil.il.y, rcali/.inj,' almiil, l|!'J.7.''> pi-r l»(i,rrfl.
In hirccniliiT, l><()l, ;\. W. (!(iri»it,(, (Jicn one ol' tlic li'adin;^ nii'r(!lian(s <»('
AnnapxIiH, (icorf,'^ Weils, Mr. I'Vank linliinson luid I'linlon SandcrH
iinititd in iJir vt'iilnrr ul' .slii|i|iin;r Lint lii'Ht. cargo (lircrl, I'roiii AnnapoiiM to
London, and iin-l willi IIm^ Iohh wliii'li ho often disap|iuinls IJk^ cnt.erpiiMr
of pionnci'H in llllHin(^'^H l.lial. afl,i'r\vardn proves prolilaWle. AIkhiI the
Haini' time Jolin ljil.li;^ow, of Halifax, sliippeil a (tarj^o direi'l. from
AimapoliH to the Old (!ouiit,ry, Imt, t,liin alHo was an unfort.nnate venliiie.
'I'lie \\yh\, Ht.e.aintM' to rari'y apples direct, fi'oin lliis port, l,o London was the
Ni-iitnii.f, svliicli .'failed April lind, IMKj. Slie carried t;,KO() h/irrels, of
wliicli I, lie i^'ieater pai'l lieloiii^ed to Anilirose Itent and I'eiijaniin St.ai-rat t,
of I'aradiHe, and arrived al, lioiidnii in foiirlei'ii days, .Mr. i'enl. ;{oing in
her as Hiipei'i'ar;,'o. 'I'liis veiiliiie was fairly snecessfiil. 'I'he liiisines.s
from that, lime has (W)iil,iniied to increase in volume, thi! av'era;;e ii,nniial
Hhipmeiil, from this coimly l.o Ln^^land the last. I en years liein;^ alioiit.
40,000 harrels.
lUOC.UAI'IIK Al. MI':M()IRS
OK
MKMHKUS i)V TIIK I'lUtVINCIAL I'AKI.I A M KN'I' K<Ul TIIK (MtJNTY
Oh' ANNAI'OLIS ANI» IIS SKVKKAI, lOW N'MIM I'M.
I7r.'.» IH(17.
(!()l/)NI';i< .ir)N,\'l'IIAN llOAIt.
IT.'iK 1 7111, ITIm 1 770.
A cmiliiiy Of iniirc :mii, I'i'W iinjiii-s wcri' licU.i'c kiKiwn <ii' niurf' (^crifr'
Jilly n;H|»^(:lri'(| ill Nuva Scoi.i;;,, iJiiiii lliiil, uf < IuIdim'I, Hdiiii't.iincH ciillcd
.IihI^h, Hoar-. Ili^ was a iiativi^ of MiisHacliiiHrl-ls, iiiiil as a lifiit.ciiaiil. in
oriir of l/lii^ roloiiial I'l'^^iiiiciits look part, in tJic rcdin;! ion of LoiiiHinii'^,
JTTjH, and was prohahly also |iri^scnl. in jiii inliM'ior- (japacily, in tins
opcr'at.ions al l,lii' iK^ad of I, lie l!a,y of {''iindy, under VV'insiow, in \7!'>i'>.
'i'lic name of -lonatlian lloarocriUH in a " list, of faniiliits wliicli liavc lii-cii
Hc,U,l('d ill Nova Hcot.ia since 171'.),'' wlii(t|i Imwhs date .Inly, l7o'J, in
wliieli liiH lidiiseiiold is sl.ai.ed l.o have eonsislitd of two individuals only
liotli males. He was l,liei(;fore eerliiinly not, niariied al. that. rlal/<^ tJie
seeond male liein^' prolialdy a servant,. Il(^ seems t.ri have reiiiaiiMtd in
Halifax until aliout, 17')'.), when Im; is found domiciled on om- of t.he
hlockH (}f land granted l.o him in that year in this (;ounty. I''ive hundred
a(!res having (.ho Allaiii, now l/eijuille, Uiver for its eaHi.ern houndary,
was long known as (.he Hoar grant. Here he huill. a Iiouhi;, t.he cellar of
wliidi Htill romains. The dwelling sLood a little to tlie Houthward of tliat
o(u!upi(!d in hiH liftjtime liy the late .lanujH Ki(!(!,* whose futhisr was tin;
intimate friend, and HoinetiiiifiH in his almitturt!, t.he htr.inn lawns, of the
grantee.
The first Houho of AHsemltly met in Oi:toher, I 7r)H, shortly after the
fall of Louisliurg. ThiH aHHoinliiy had IxMtti clioseti liy tho tOootoiH of the
Proviiuie at larger, and its e.xiHtence terminated with its oidy Hession. ]ii
17r>y a iiow lloUHo wiiH failed, iitui (Joloriel Hoar wan eloctod a« the firHt
•T<irn ilown In 1802 wlmii it wiih (■.(inHiilonxt tlio nIdtiHt hoiimi in tlio viuinity of
AiiiiiipollH. |Ki>. I
',\2\- IllSlnltV UK ANNAI'OI.IS.
i(f|iiTN()titiil.ivc for tlic iifw <(Mmt y, in cDnjimclJoii with KiasmuH .I/iiii«'h
IMiillipH, hIhii ;i mililarv iiuiri \vli<» st-rvi'tl witli liiiii until tlir i'X|iirati(Mi
of t,li<! AsscniMy (•auHcd l>y llii' ilriitli of <!roi;^r II., in I TtlD. In llic
oluotioii wlii(;lifnsu<>(l in cnnHdfiuorKMMtf that i-viiil, ITUl, ■liisc|ili VVinnit-tt
anil TlioniaH Day, (Mvilians, wcm- cicrlctl, Imt: in ITtl'i ('(iIomi-I Hoar was
a^aiii clioMcn nicinlti-r for tin* to\snslii|) of .\iiiia|iolis, wliicli lie con
iiiuicd to rrprcscnt in tlic Hoiivii', until Niijifrsnlcd hy Oliadiali \Vln'flock
in 1770.
In l7<t"J III' wa.s apiioinlrd to a indj,'rHlii|i in tin- nrwly i'sl,altli,sliii<l
rourt of (Ninirnon I'lran, in \< liicli rajiarity In- is said to liavi- iliscliarf,'i'd
liJH dulJi'S with inti';,'i'ity and fail Id'nlni'SM.- Mr also look an arlivr and
loading part in tho orL^aiii/atiim of Lhc ndlitia of I lie ioiimIv, and a d<r|>
int(!ri'st in till! I'ldt.ivat.ion of its soil. Tin' following ifiti'r, addri'ssid to
till- Provincial Sccrrtary, will show that it- was usually upon his rcconi
nicndation that lonunissions in tin- militia wen- issued. 1 1 \h dated
Annapolis Hoyal, An;,"isl Kith, I7<i.'i;
" SiK, I li.'iil till' liiiiKiir of icci'ivin;; n tew lini^s linin ynu, ihiliij Aii^iiisl "Jiicl,
ilM^liiHiii^ II iiiiiiiIm'i- III' i:iiiMliiiHsi()MK fur the iiiililia of IIiIh inly. I wns likewise
ilcHiri'ij to Hctiil Mr. LiiveH's* natiii', wliu ili'siicM iiic iiislriiil iif irliiiiiiiij{ his imiiic,
to return IiIh thiiiikH tn tin liuvi i iiiiii'iil lor I lie hiiiiiiiir ili'Mi;(iii'il him in >;iving him a
( 'llplilins I'DinmiMHiiMi, Iml liy leiiHnll nf iriiliH|iiisil ion of limly, he lie^^s In lie exeilseil.
" 1 iim Hill rv line ( 'ii|itiiin .liilie/, Simw, of < liiin\ ille. \mis nej^leeteij mie I hal wiis
II eiiptiiin nil lust «ar, iinil lielmveil willi re|)nliil inn. ,\i rnrilin;^ In your ile.Miie I
shall iiniiiinale fur siiliallerns Ihe fnlln^Nin^ iteiHiins : Captain liaH's ('niiipany
William (iiiives anii lienjaiiiin Shaw; fur ('a|itain "s ('nnipany Samuel
Wade anil I'aul (/'rnker ; iinil fur (Jiptain Kvans' ('ninpany. .Aimer MniNe and Jnsi'iih
ItilHH. 1 woiilil take the lilieity »f reenmiiienilin^ one Mr. Olilliam liates, in the
room of ('aptain Lovett. "
In the census enumer;it ions of the township of .Annapolis made in
17(!7, luH hoUHCihold is said to have emiiraced live individuals four males
and DIM' female ; that is, a houskeeper, and three farm servants. They
were all of Amei'iean or old colonial hirth. Mis fai m stoi-k in that- year
coin|)rised I.'} horses, I S oxen, 215 cowh, 27 yoiinj^ cattle and IfiO sheep;
and his farm produced 100 l)UHliels of rye, :.'2 of li/uli'y :uid L'l) of oats
with 10 liushels of peas aiul heaiis, so that the old hachelor gentleman
was really a farmer.
That Hoar resided in Anmipolis, or that he was slalioned there in
connection with its defence in 17.'3!), is made ertain hy the following
incident recorded in " Niles' History of the Imliitn and l''rench Wars."
" (Jn Ihi^.'iOlh of June, IT'iD, a |iiirty of the enemy, in the iii^lit, at Anna|iiilis
Koyal, eanie anil ilrove a« ay twelve lieail of ealt le which were missed in the niorniii).;.
Colonel Hour,! with a |iaily, was iirilered to pursue them, which they did, and iiholit
* Thi) father of the Into (Jolonid IMiinuiiH Lovctt.
I Then Captain or Major Hoar.
<nl.(»N|;i, JONATHAN lluAll. '\'2'>
li\i' ill I III' aflri iiiiiiii iiM'i'liMik thi'iii. ii|iiiM u liii'h II MiiiMi'l Hkii'liiiHli i'Iihiii'iI. iiiiil t lii'
I'lli'niV Niiiiii ii'l irillril iinil li'fl I III' (III I Ir ; llir\ liillli'il ilK"ill. '"ll wrir UJ^uill fiiirril
to ii'tri'iil. ll I'liiiiiii;; vny limil, iiiiil mil' iiii'ii lii'iii^' iiiiiili liil i^'iiiil, iiml liiiviii^ liltlr
III' (III |il'ii\ JMinii, lliiiii^lit il IiI'nI to I'i'liiiii, wllii'h llli'V iliil urriirilillMlv. Ill I III'
iiliii'iiiii;{ II IVrsli |iiii't y liiiik lint ii|iiiii I ln' |iiii Miiil , iiiul ijilii'Ulv niliii' in hI^IiI nf t liriii,
ll|Hill wliii^li tlir t'lii'iiiy lli'il, li'ii\ ili^ llir nitlli' wliirli llicy liilil irrnvi'l'iiil itfliT iilir
iiiinrH riilii'iii^. Ii'iiviii^ lii'liiml llii'iii hihih' i'iiiii|i ki^ltlrx, iiiiiiiiiiiiitJDn ami |iriiviMiiitiM,
Willi 11 li.'il Willi ll ii.'ill lull' llniiii^'li I III' I I'liwii nf il, ii liiimlki rrliii'f iiiiil hi'vitiiI
|lil-i'l'M nf lilii'li sxilli lillli'll lilnml nil I lll'lll. I'|inll I III' \\ linll' I III' lil'llll vinlll nf till)
nllii'i'i'H, anil i'.M|iiTiiilly tliiil 'if llii' |ii'iiiri|iiil iniiiiiiiiiiili'i', Cnlniii'l llniir, iinil llii' |il'i)
vliiriiilH, all ilrHi'i'Vr Iiiiil a|i|ilaiisi', I'xri'pl all rii»<i;!n wnil li y In ii'inaiii iiiiimi'Ii'hh,
wIliiHi' lift' wiiH sn ilrar In liilii I lull lir rniilil iint lirar I lir I linil^lil nf ili'iil ll, ami I lii'i'i'
fori l«ft IiIh |>arty, anil run linrk In I lir ^^airiMnn, iipwanlH nf fniirli'rli niili'H, iti a Hlinrl.
Hpari' nf lime.
'riiis I'ciiitidii iiiriil<!iitjilly f'lxiis tlit' fotuix of O.n: IViiy rrpoili'd, to liavo
l»'i-ii iiiil< far from tlio HtHtiio of tJiiit ot.lici' li'ss Miicct-.sHftil li;;l>t, which
oc'(!urri!fl (umrly fifty yours huforci, iii lUoody ('n!(^l<, 1711.
Ah h jtiil^o Hiid ll iiiii<{isli'atc, hi* iiiaitittiiiiiMJ ii (■iianictiti- for npri^litnoNH
urid iiit<<>!li;ri-n<'<>, and scnns l.o havr itci'ii, liy roininoii (tiiiiNiuit, aoknow-
l<>d<{<!i| as l.ht! h'adcr and h<;iii>fai!t.oi' of tJit* iiiiialiitraiitH who o(MMi|ii<*d thn
old capital a c(>iitiiry and a third a^o. Il(> also a|ipi'arH to liav<> Ix^on a
man hcM in hi^h t'slimalion in Ids iiativt* province. In 1 7')2 (iovttrnor
I'arnai'd, of tliat provinctt, raisnl a ro^iiixMit, of wliii-h h** was to l)*>
himself the (yolonrl, for scrvici* a^^ainst IIm* l''icnch, and he sc^iectcd Hoar
to l)f its Iii*Mit*>nant-('oloiirl ; lint peace havin;{ been made in the follow-
ing^ year, the <;oi'ps was not needed. It was this commission that yave
him the title hy which he was afterwards so well iaiown. Me was
also connnissioned a colonel in tlie local militia, in which I ha\e alreatly
said he took a ;rreat interest, and assisted in its ei;irliest or;{aiii/.atiun.
In 1702 he seems to haM< I'esided in Halifax, for i ''iid his name
recorded as one of a Ciiuncil of War, which freipieiii ,j met in that
3'eai'. lie was also one of a court-martial, on no less tJian seventeen
oc(*asi(*tis, at did'erent. times in that city, in 17('>7 he was Hurr<»j5ate
Jiidj;*! of I'rohate for Annapniis. It wasalioiit the year I7H() that he left
his home iit Anna])iilis thou^^h tradition says for Kii^^land, I am incliiKtd
to helim'c it would he more correct to say, for his native, proviiuje— and
he never returned to it again. He took ill and died, leaving no descend-
ants to inherit his property or his nain(\ [lis n-al (^statti consisted of
several hlocks <»f land amounting to r»,r)()0 acres. This lai'gcf (-state was
sold in 17H'J, to thu late John lUtchie, grandfather of thi* Chief Justice
of this Dominion, for tins sum of livcHl.y ponndx! Colonel Prince was
the oxecutor nanmd in the will, hut how that instruinfiiit directed the
projierty to he dispos(Hl of T do not know.
Ilis h<!avy silverhilted sworcJ went into the poHS(fssion of his locum
Itiuens, the late; Mr. John Hice, who many years after sent the hilt to
32(i • IIISTOUY ol' ANNAI'OMS.
BoHton, wh«re ho ordortMl it to he mclti'd u|>, iiiiil a set of lu'iivy Milvnr
spcHJiiH tt» bo niiulp from it. Tlicsi' Hpoons, it is Haiti, are yot in i'xist«^nco,
and in the poHscssion of tlic fiiiiiily. AiiothtT relit! of i\w worthy nld
Colonel reiniiins to this diiy, and in an excellent state of jiicservation ; it
is a solidly eonstiiieted iliest of drawers aixl secretary eoinhined, in the
style of a hundretl years ayo. It was in the possession of the late John L.
lliee, deputy sheritl'at Annapolis, who also had the I laniard Commission,
heforc referred to, in his possession.
EU.VMMrS J.\MKS I'MILLFPS.
17.>0-17«0.
I do not know about tin.s {gentleman's birth and parenta;{e, but ho was
probably iiof a son of (Jovernor Phillipps. He entered the lOth regiment
when a young man, and some time befort? the death of Armstionj; in
1739, and at that period ho was also a momljor of the Council, and as
such was the friend and associate of Edwai'd Andierst (tlit^ maternal
grantlfather of our (Jeneial Williams) ; of good old Paul ^fascarene,
afterwards Ijieutenant-(ioveiiior ; of John Handheld, who superintended
the embarkation of the exiled French hdhitdus \ and of William W^inniett,
then the leading merchant of Annapolis, and of his son Joseph Wituiiett,
to whom, if r mistake not, he afterwards became a brother-in-law by his
marriage with Mrs. Winniott's sistei-.
The Hist public em{>loyment assigned Mr. Phillips outsidt; of his duties
as a councillor, was that of a commissioner " to mark out and settle " the
lK)undaries betweeji the Province of Massachu.setts Hay and the colony
of Rhode Island. The royal commission under which he and his fellow-
commidsioners were appointed, was <lated tth September, 1740. They
were selected from the provinces of New York, New Jersey, and Nova
Scotia. Skene, Mhirreflf, Cope, and Otho Hamilton were the other Nova
Scotia commissioners.
Phillips wivs successively ensign, lieutenant, captain, major and lieu-
tenant-colonel in the 40th regiment, so long stationed in that town.
While an ensign in 17-0, he was selected by the acting governor, with
Captain Joseph Bennett, of the .same regiment, to acctmipany the J'rench
deputies to Minas to tender the oaths of allegiance to the habitans in
that district. Soon after his return from this delicate mission he was
taken into the Council, at which Board he continued to hold a seat until
his death. In 1747, the year of the sad disastei' at (Jlrand Pre, Mr.
Phillips was joined with Edward How in the administration of civil
affairs in that portion of the Province.
From 1729 he held the connnission of Judge Advocate-General in the
Court of Vice- Admiralty until 1749, when on the occasion of being sworn
EUASMl'S .lA.MKS J'Uir.MI'S. ',\'17
in lis (iiic (it' tlic Cotiruil of Ooriiwallis, he rnsij^iu'd tin- otlicc, t»>lliii;{ tho
iit'sv (iovfi'Moi' tliiil it wiiiiM liriift't'iii'tii lie iiii|i<)NMilil(t t'i)i- liiiii "to iiltriitl
Hiui oxecut») tht' duties f>t' HuitI iillict*."
Mr. I'liiliips WHS flcotcd )i iiifiiilMT of tho Mooond Hoiiso of Assembly,
c()iivi'ni'<l ill tlie Pruviiicc in ITTi!*. lie was choseti for this county,
Coloiiitl floMiitliiiii lloiir iM'iii;{ his enlleii<{ue, l)Ut his ie^islgitive career wuH
of short duration, tliou^h it ended only with his Ufe. I'revious to this
event he was honoured iiy a vote* <if thaiilis of the t'ouncil for serviees
rendered in ITT)? in mai\iiii,' prisoners of a nuiiilier of French /('f/'/^(/»^,
wiio, having iiiana^(^d to avoid capture at tiie time of tlie expulsion, had
formed u temporary setthMiient on tlie shores of St. Mary's Hay He
appears to have Ixien an ahle, etu'i'fietic and (itlicient otlitjer, in both his
military and civil employments, anil mana;{ed with jud;;inent public
aiFairs ie(|uirinj^ tlu^ exerc-ise of skill and tact, seldom failing to acijuit
himself with credit and success.
On the retii-ement of Mascareiu^, Major Phillips became commander of
t\u' forces at Annapolis, in which capacity he acted until his sudden
death in 17<)0. [ coj)y in full a letter of iiistructi(»ns addressed by
Governor Lawrence in ITol), as it will serve to show the nature of some
of the duties belonj^in<{ to his position. This letter boars date April 18th,
and reads as follows :
"SiK, You know peihiips liy lliis time that the iiitcmlctl nponiliniiH of tho
eiiHuing i!iinipiiigii will driiM all the regular ti'<Mi|).s from the Itay of Fuiiily, and that
they are to be re])laee(l )>y provineials who iiiUMt lie totally unaetpiainted with the
King's service in this iH'ovinee, or the methods of carrying it on. Hut as you liy a
long contiiiiianee here, and attention to ]iu)>li(^ eonceniH are a competent judge of
thoHC matteiH, I shall rely on ^-ouf vigilance and conduct.
" The olijcet of your care will lie to preserve a constant communication and inter-
course tlirouglumt tlie Uay ; to transmit all intelligence of any consequence to me,
and to take the jiroper methods of supplying tliein with necessary stores and
provisions.
" I now send the Siioirj- to Halifax up the hay with deputies from some of the
people of t'onnedieiit and Rhode Ishuul. They go to view the lands that they may
report the nature of them to those who arc desirous of coining to settle in the
Province.
"When the I'or/' and Jta/1/ii.r return from Boston, they shall lie stalioued in the
Bay of Fundy, with orders to follow all such service, and I shall also order all
vessels lielonging to the Province who go into the hay to receive yoiir instructions
relating to the general purpose. Hy this means I liope that a fi'e(|uen;, intercourse
may lie kept up so that I may never want intelligence, and I make no doiilit of this
as I am not unacquainted with your 7.cal for His Majesty's service.
"(Signed), CuAKLES liAWKKNCK."
To this communication Mr. Dulkeley, secretary, by command added
the following postscript : ;;
* This was, I believe, the first vote of the kind given in the Province.
+ A snow was a fonr-niasted schooner.
'.i'lH HISTOUY OK ANNAI'OLIH.
"In order to forward the wervioe more etf'ectiml, tlie (lo\ rninent orders tlie
Monutoii suliooner will iiIho i-einiiin in the Hay of Funtly and lo be stationed where
Major IMiilli])|)3 tliiiiku proper, ('aptain Moreeonib's orders direct him to receive his
further orders l)y Major I'iiillipps as will appear by these."
A few niontlis after the murder of Kdward How, namely, on 1st
January, 1750, Cornwalli.s i.s,sued a special commission to Mr. Phillips, as
Judge of Probate and Wills in the premises. The ret ital in this docu-
ment sets forth that it is done " by reason of the distance between Anna-
polis Royal and the said town of Halifax, the inclemency of the weather,
and the difficulty of travelling through the country at this time would be
attended with great inconvenience and danger to the person or persons
on whon: the proof of the said Will depends." In conclusion it required
him " to transmit the original Will of the said Edward How together
with this commission and your proceedings thereon to me at Halifax as
soon as convenient may be."
As I have before stated, T believe Major Phillips married a Dyson,
a sister — perhaps a cousin — of Mrs. Joseph Winniett, but whether the
marriage was barren or fruitful, I do not know. The n^mes of John
and Ann Philips appear among the grantees of Granville, but as these
names are spelled differently I think they did not belong to the Major's
faniil}'.
Mr. Phillips died at Halifax, while on a visit to that town, very
suddenly of apoplexy in 1760.
JOHN STEELE.
1761-1762.
This member of the Legislature was a surgeon by profession and a
lieutenant in Shirley's regiment.* He came to Halifax with Cornwallis
in 1749, and was a passenger on board the ship Beaufort. He most
probably removed from that city to Annapolis in 1759 or 1760, to practise
his profession. In 1752 he lived in the south suburbs of Halifax, his
family then consisting of four male meniljers over sixteen years of age,
and three females over the same age.f The fact of his having no
children at this period under sixteen seems to indicate that he was well
advanced in years. He was the proprietor of lot No. 53 in the
township of Annapolis, and his name on the plan is given as Doctor
John Steele. His colleague in the represent, r in was Joseph Woodmas,
a notice of whom follows.
On the 2l8t Ju'y, 1761, a motion having been made in the House of
Assembly to appoint a committee to prepare an add ',d to the Governor,
praying liim to establish a court in the several counties, to be styled "the
* Nova Scotia Archives, 537. + Nova Scotia Archives, 656.
JOSEPH WOODMAS — THOMAS DAY. 329
Inferior Court of Common Pleas," l)oth Mr. Steele and Mr.Woodmaa were
choaen members of it. Tliey prepared and presented tlie address on the
same day to His Excellency, who in reply informed the House that he
would, with the advice of the Council, constitute such immediately with
rules of practice for observance in the procedure.
A bill was shortly after sent dowi» by the Council and pa.ssed by the
House. One of the clauses of the Act provided tliat the judges were to
serve one year without salary. Mr. Steele was one of the grantees of the
block of land lying next westwardly from the " Corbin and Dyson grant "
a short distance west of Annsipolis. He died while a member of the
Assembly, and it is almost certain that his family returned to Halifax
after his decease, for no family bearing that name is to be found in the
enumeration made of the people in 1768.
JOSEPH WOODMAS.
1761-1765.
Mr. Woodmas represented the county for four years. He came out
from England about the year 1760 — perhaps a few years earlier — in the
capacity of Receiver-General of Quit-rents for the Province, a position
which he continued to hold till 1774. He was a leading magistrate in
Halifax from the close of his legislative career till the year 1775, in
which year he went to England to settle his accounts at the Treasury.
He never returned to this country, having died in England shortly after
the settlement of his aflFairs there. He was the first member of the
Assembly in Nova Scotia who was ordered to apologize to the House for
using improper language to a member. It appears he hiid had an alter-
cation "outside the House" with Nesbitt, the Speaker, who afterward
complained in his place that Woodmas, the member for Annapolis, liad
used " violent and threatening " words to him, whereupon the House
ordered him to apologize, which he did.
Whether Mr. Woodmas ever lived at Annapolis or not, I have not
been able to determine, nor whether he left heirs in the Province.
THOMAS DAY.
1761-1765.
This gentleman represented the township of Annapolis for four years,
and was the colleague of Joseph Winniett in its representation in the
third General Assembly. He was succeeded by Colonel Hoar in 1765.
I have not been able to recover any particulars concerning liim.
His name does not appear either in the census of 176S or in that of
1770, from which it may be inferred that he was only a temporary
resident in the county.
330 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
JOSKPII WTNNTETT.
]7(U-176".. I7«.')-I770.
The subject of our present notioo was Iwrn in Annapolis in 1726, and
was the son of William Winniett, of whom a sketch will appear in the
genealoj^ies. \V'ith some of his brothers he received in the old Boston
Grammar School that sound educational training which fjualified him as
Justice of the Peace, as Collector of Excise and Customs duties, as Judge
of Probates and Wills, as Registrar of Deeds, as a special Commissioner,
and as a member of the Assembly, to acquit himself with credit and
success, and to gain as well as to merit the fullest approval both of those
whom he served and those by whom he was employed.
At the time of his first election, in 1761, he was thirty-five years of
age ; his colleague was Thomas Day, and they were the first representa-
tives of the township of Annapolis. Woo<lmas and Harris (the latter
vice Steele, deceased) were metnbers for the county at the same time. This
election took place in consequence of the death of the King (George II.)
in 1760. Mr. Winniett took his seat on the 7th of June, 1762. In the
same year he had occasion to complain to the head of the administration
(Belcher) of the conduct of Captain Sinclair, the commanding officer at
Annapolis, in forcibly taking out of his possession a boat which had been
furnished him by the Provincial Secretary (Bulkely) to enable him " to
aid Colonel Aburthnot in bringing in the French on the Saint John
River." It was also in this year that he was appointed to be a Justice of
the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, a position which he continued to
hold for many years. In 1765 he was again elected to a seat in the
Assembly, but this time for the county, and he continued to serve until
the commencement of the " long parliament, in 1770."
In 1774 he, in conjunction with Colonel Lovett, of Annapolis, and
James Sinionds and Israel Perley, of the St. John River, was made a
commissioner to settle some matter connected with the affairs in that
district. He was the leading magistrate in the countv for more than
thirty years, and was distinguished for the impartiality and ability of
his decisions, and respected as a man of fidelity and integrity in all the
varied relations of life. It was his good fortune, too, to have been the
intimate friend of Thomas Williams, the grandsire of General Williams,
with whom he divided the esteem and regard of the universal public of
all classes and of all shades of opinion.
Mr. Winniett married Mary Dyson on the 26th December, 1751, O.S.
For the issue of this marriage, see genealogy, post.
JOHN HAimiS — HENHY MUNROE. 331
JOHN It ARRIS.
1765-1770.
If the early cen.su9 returns are to be relied on, John Harris arrived in
Annapoli.s some time before the year of the e.xpatriation of the French
habitans (17.').')) and was an eye-witness of that sad event. He may have
been of En<,'lish birth though he came hither from Massachusetts, to which
colony he may have emigrated a few years before. In the enumeration
made in 1767 his family is said to consist of eight souls, two of whom
were born here. In a similar return made in 1770 his household is said
to have consisted of seven members, of whom two were stated to be of
American birth, and five of Acadian or Nova Scotian birth. As the latter
census seems to have been taken with more care than the former, it is
made certain that all his children were born after his arrival here, and
as it is evident that one death had occurred since 17<>7 in the family, it
may be that one was born before he ami his wife arrived in Annapolis. He
was one of the earliest grantees in the county after the French expulsion.
He lived in the town of Annapolis, and was the owner of a block of land
adjoining the White House field on its north-east side, including Runci-
man's corner and adjoining lots, and a resident on it in ITSf). This
family therefore ranks among the oldeSt now domiciled here, and with the
Eassons, Lecains, Barteaux find Winnietts.
NoTK. — Major Millidge Harris, of Annapolis, and Delancy Harris, now of
Bridgetown, arc descendants.— [Kd.]
HENRY MUNROE.
1765-1768.
Henry Munroe was commissioned first lieutenant of the first company
in a Highland regiment, raised in Argyleshire for service against the
French "in America in 1759 or about that time. The regiment had scarcely
arrived in Massachusetts when the Peace of Utrecht was signed, and the
war with Fr.tnce was ended, in consequence of which it never saw any
service in tl,'^ field, and was soon disbanded. According to the terms of
enlistment its officers were entitled to grants of land in Nova Scotia, and
Henry Munroe received a grant of two thousand acres in this county
in 1765. Some of his descendants still own and occupy portions of it.
Soon after his arrival here he married Sarah, daughter of Thomas
Hooper, one of the Massachusetts pre-loyalist settlers of the township of
Annapolis as one of the grantees in the grants of 1759 and 1765, and
in the latter year Mr. Munroe had the honour to be chosen the first
repre.sentative of Granville in the Assembly of the Province, in which
*J32 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
he served two years, when he voluntarily vacated the seat. He was
appointed a Justice of the Peace, and cotniniH.sioned a lieutenant-colonel
of the militia in or about 177t), a position which he continued to hold
until his lieath, late in 1781 or early in 1782, when he died suddenly of
apoplexy, leaving a widow and seven children with slender means of
support, notwithstanding the large grant of land whi(-h he had secured on
liis arrival in the county some years before. On his death his widow
wrote to his elder brother. Sir George Munroe, of Cromarty, informing
him of the sudden demise of her husband, and of the condition in which
she and her infant children were left by the sad event, on which Sir
Geoige ordered his London agent to remit the sum of forty pounds annu-
ally to the widow toward the support and education of the children until
they reached their majority, or their mother married again. One of his
great-grandsons, Henry Munroe, has also had the honour of a seat in the
assembly as a representative of the county.
JOHN HICKS.
1768-1770.
The person whose name lieads this notice is reputed to have been a
native of Rhode Island or Connecticut, and to have come to the county
some time after 1760— probably in 1763 or 1764. (See genealogy, post.)
He was one of the original grantees of the township of Falmouth, but was
settled in Granville in 1765, and was elected representative for that
township in the place of Colonel Munroe, and was consequently the
second member of the Assembly for that place. He resided, I think, near
Bridgetown, as that locality was many years known as " Hicks' Ferry."
He ceased to discharge the duties of a representative in 1770, and his
name does not occur again in connection with public affairs. Members at
that time received no indemnity for attendance on their legislative duties.
I regret that his name does not find a place in the early census returns
which I have been able to find, but in the Capitation Tax Act returns for
1794 are recorded the names of his sons Benjamin, John Weston and
Thomas Hicks. Benjamin Hicks was rated as high as the wealthiest in
the assessment made at this period, and the rate paid by the others proves
that they, too, were in very comfortable circumstances.
Mr. Hicks was a farmer and a pioneer in the improvements of the
lands in his district, and after a useful career as such, he was gathered to
his fathers somewhere near the beginning of the century. The exact date
I have not been so fortunate as to obtain.
OHADIAH WHEELOCK — I'HINEAS LOVETT, SEN. 333
OBADFAH WHEELOCK.
1770 1774, 177» I77(i.
This gentleniiui caiim to Annapolis in May, 17(50, from Mendon,
MasHaohuaetts. (See census of 17(58 and 1770, pp. 152-156.) His lot was
situateil in the Messenger District of the township, and tradition atVirnis
that he brought a house-frame with him, a fact which has since been
verified, for a few years ago the old house was taken down, and it was
acknowledged by the workn\en who performetl the labour, that it had
been constructed of timber that had been brought from abroad. I regret
that Mr. Wheelock's name is not to be found in the rolls connected with the
Capitation Tax Act. It is very probable he died before 1791'. He was
twice elected to the Assembly, and on both occasions for the township of
Annapolis. His first election took place in 1770, and his .second in 1774,
and his public life as a legislator came to a final close in 1776. He was,
therefore, a member of the Assembly for six yeais.
PHINEAS LOVETT, SEN.
1770-1774, 1774 177(i.
I think that Phineas Lovett, sen., was a son of Daniel Lovett, for in
an original plan showing the position of his lots in Annapolis township,
he is styled " Captain Phineas Lovett, heir to Daniel Lovett." The lot
thus referred to was No. 95, which is situated two or three miles
eastward of Bridgetown on the south side of the river. His own
lot was No. 28, which is in the Hound Hill District, and the
stream which runs through the lot is still known as "Lovett's Brook.'
In 1763 Colonel Hoar recommended Mr. Lovett for a captaincy in the
county militia, which he declined to accept owing to " indisposition of
body." He was gazetted to the Commission of the Peace in 1770. The
first grist-mill and saw-mill elected on that stream was built by Phineas
Lovett, sen., who appears to have been a man of enterprise and energy
as well as popular among his fellows. In 1770 he was chosen to
represent the county in the Assembly, with Joseph Patten as a colleague,
but as no pay was given to members until 1781, it is uncertain whether
he was sworn in or not, for the seat was declared vacant for non-atten-
dance in 1774, when he was again returned by the same constituency.
His re-election shows the l.igh esteem in which he was lield by the
electors. The seat, however, was again vacated in 1776, and in the same
year he was again elected in conjunction with John Hall, but neither of
them took his seat. Have we not a key to his popularity in the fact that
:V.U HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
iiiiiny of the Massuchii.st't-ts scttli-rs at that jM-riod wt-i-c not fn-e fn)in
Myiiipatliy with tht'ir ichcl hicthrcii over tlie l)or(h'r .' il.ill apix-ars to
have l)e(«n a leader in (Jiainille of those who felt nucIi sympathy, and Mr.
Lovett was the hiach'i' of a liite class living in his own township. TIiIh
may account for their I'efusal or neglect to he sworn in an act wliich
required them to take the oath of allegiance, which they would not want
to do.* lie died at Annapolis, aged St, and was huried January I'.Hh,
1824. His aon, Colonel Phineas Lovett, and grandson, James Uussell
Lovett, were also, at long subseiiuent periods, members of the House of
Assembly.
JOSEPH PATTEN.
1770-1774, 1774-1776.
Mr. Patten was from Massachusetts, in which province he was born,
and he came to the county in 17G0 or 17G1, with his family, which
comprised — besides himself — his wife, one son, and two daughteis. He
was made a Justice of the Peace very soon after, and for a time lived in
or near the town of Annapolis from which he did not remove till 1764
or 1765, when he took up his residence in Granville on the faiin owned
by the late Leonard Wade, Escj., and Mr. David Wade (or lot No. 77),
where he continued to live until his death.
In 1763 he became involved in a dispute concerning that lot with
Amos Farnsworth, "of Groton, in the Province of Massachusetts 13ay,"
for the particulars of which see Chapter XII., p. 202, et seq.
Mr. Patten became a member of the Legislature in 1770, and continued
to sit in it until the 10th December, 1774, when his .seat and that of
Obadiah Wheelock were declared vacant on account of non-attendance,
and new writs were issued to fill the vacancies. He was again (1775) a
successful candidate, but he appears not to have had a seat after 1776.
On both occasions he represented the county, and was the colleague of
Colonel Lovett. He was a leading magistrate, and it was before him,
as such, that the depositions in the Shaw embroglio were chiefly made.
I cannot but believe he was sometimes animated by vindictive feelings
toward those who in any way diflFered from him in his estimate of right
and wrong.
Among the miscellaneous papers in the archives, relating to the old
Court of Chancery, I have found under date, 1828, a cause mentioned,
entitled Benjamin Foster versus William Patten, but I have failed to
ascertain who the defendant was, or that he was a descendant of the
gentleman to whom this notice is devoted.
• See p. 162.
OHItlHTOI'HKH IMUNCK. -^'-^^
CHllIHTOPHKK PUINCK.
177'2-1774, 1774 1776. 177fl I7S0.
Colonel Prliici', as lie was faniiliaily known a liunilrcd years aj,'o, a
native of Kingston, near Plymouth, Mass., was tlie tliinl representative of
the township of (Iranville in the Assembly, and was lirst elected in 1772
in the place of .lohn llieks, tlie second nienilter. He was certainly a
pre-loyalist, and settled at Dij^'hy, where he had l)oui,'ht a lot of land and
built a dwelling north-west of the Raijuette, long hefore the Loyalist
inunigration of 1783.
In a letter from the Surveyor-CSeneral, Charles Morris, Es(|uire, dated
Halifax, December 11th, 1784, and addressed to one of his deputies at
Digby, Thomas Millidge, he requested the latter to send him "a plan of
one hundred acres of land, situated on tlu^ Ha(|uette at Digby, being
lot No. 1.'$, on which Christopher Prince formn-hj built a house,
having first purchascul the lanil from Mi-. Kranklin, the original grantee."
It is probable that Prince lived hei-e but a short time, and that when he
removed, he went to Granville, where he continued to live tluring, at
least, a part of the period in which he was its i-epresentative.
'In 1773, 1774, 1775, 177G, and 1777, he was one of the commissioners
of roads for the county — his fellow-conuiiissioners being Joseph Winniett,
Phineas Lovett, sen., Henry ?jvans and Thomas Williams, sen.
In the >Shaw correspondence he is spoken of as "Colonel Prince," and
was charged with being dilatory in ordering out the militia in 1776, to
protect the county from possible invasion by the American rebels, and
with having left that duty to be performed by Shaw, who wfis also a
militia colonel.
In 1784 one Thomas Cummings, in a letter of that year to the
Lieutenant-Governor, says: "Agreeably to the request of your Excellency,
I spoke to Colonel Prince, who declared in the most positive manner, that
he had not ordered any timber to be cut ; but notwithstanding his
assertion to the contrary, I have every reason to believe, from information
this day given me, that he is now concerned with others in felling timber,
and such as comes under the description of that which may be wanted
for His Majesty's use."
At this time I think he owned and occupied the farm then known as
" Belliveau's," from its ancient French owner, and recently as Fitz-
randolph's, or "Bell Farm."
In 1792 he had removed to Wilmot, (Lawrencetown ? ) for in that year
his name is found in the list of ratepayers under the Capitation Tax Act,
and in 1794 he was the oldest magistrate in the county save one, Phineas
Lovett, sen. He had at least two sons, William and Benjamin, who in
3;{«; HIHTOHV OF .VNNAI'OLIS.
IT'.t'J w«'it' larulli()l(lr>r-s in tlm tnwnsliip nf Aiinapulis t\u> latt«>r Ixmii^
ill tli«^ coiiiiiiiHsiuii lit' tin* I'cac*', 'iiui tlu' t'oniier a li«'ut«'iiant and ailjutant
in the militia. (Oolont'l Prinof liiwl on ChriHtinas Day, 17!>9.* He had
l)een awake, and had .spoken to his grandchilihen wlioni lie heard coining
very early from their rooms, advisinj{ them to return until a more sea.son-
ahle hour, i)ut was t'ouiul dead in his bed when tlie rest of the household
arose in the morning. — Kd.)
L'olonel Prince was three times elect«!d as the representative of
Ciranvllie. He was for many years in tin! commission of the Peace, and
in 171)13 was made oiu? of tlm comiiii.ssioners under the Capitatit)n Tax
Act. PhineaH Lovett, sen., John Hall, Samuel Katherns and Oldham
Gates were his fellow-commissioners under the Act. He was also for
many years a commissioner of hifiliways, a very important position in
those early days, when even the main tliorou;^lifaies were yet encum-
bered by the stumps and roots of the noble forests through which they had
been cut ; but besides these public employments he luul striven, and not
unsuccessfully, to set an example to the farmers of the county by clearing
and improving several new farms, thereby encouraging tho.se around him
to jiursue with hopefulness the task of providing themselves and their
families with substantial and comfortable homes.
JOHN HALL.
1776.
Mr. Hall was a native of Massachusetts, from which province he came
to Annapolis in 1760, and became the progenitor of numerous descend-
ants bearing his family name. For a few years he seems to have taken
up his abode in the townsiiip of Annapoli.s, but in 1703 or 1764 he
removed to Granville with his family, and settled at a short distance
eastward of the old Scotch Fort, on a farm of which he obtained a grant,
and on which he dwelt till his death in 1790.
At this perioil there were but two schooners owned in the township,
and Mr. Hall was the owner of one of them ; and in 1777 three .schooners
of Annapolis County paid light duties at the port of Halifax, of which
one, the John, was commanded by John Hall, jun. The other two
were captained by Charles Belliveau and Abraham Knowlton, and were
named the Success and the Three Friends. Mr. Hall's name is therefore
intimately identified with the earliest mercantile marine of the county.
He was also a leading merchant and an industrious agriculturalist. It is
not, therefore, to be wondered at that he should have been looked upon
• A family monument to the Princes has been erected at Kingston, Plymouth
Co., Mass., on wliioh Colonel Prince's name is duly honoured. — [Ed.]
iiKNin KVAXs. r{.S7
us II "fit and pruin-r pcrNoii " to Im' sent, to Ihfi Assembly, iind in !77('> lie
WHS iilFcri'd to till' cli'ntnrs and duly i'linH»>n, tlioii^^h, I think, contrary to
his wishfM, as he <h'clint'il t<> In* swniii in. His si-at was dtMlari'd vacant,
and a wiit iHHU«d for a new rlfction. His coliea^fue, (Jolonel Tjovott, alstv
declined to serve, and his seat was also made vacant, and in 1777
William Shaw and Henry Kvans wei-e elected in their places. Some
curious items an? to btf found in our MS. archives relatin;^ to tlieso
"^immI old times," anmn^ which the followinj^ may he taken as an
Hxanipio : In the; volume relating,' to treasury and customs accounts I find
that in 1770 Mr. Hall houj^ht from John Prince, merchant of Halifax,
',\'}0 gallons (»f riuii, and in 1777, i'M)\ "gallons of the same heveraffe, and
these are by fur the largest (|uantities bought by a single individual in
the (;t)unty -a fact which goes to prove that he was <ine of the largest
<lealer8 in (Jranville, if not the largest, at thatdate. He was a leading
magistrate for many years.
HKNRY EVANS.
• 1777-17H4.
This gentleman's name tills the second place in the first grant of the
township of Annapolis, which has for nearl}' a century and a ([uarter
had reference made to it as the Felch- Kvans grant. He was born in
Massachusetts, ami lived near or in Sudbury in that province, but was
probably of Welsh origin or birth. He was sent to Halifax on behalf of
the applicants for a grant of the township named for the purpose of
obtaining explanations from (lovernor Jjawrence, on some points not very
clearly set forth in his proclamation touching the rights of t\u', intending
immigrants as to religious worship and freedom of thought and speech
in religious and some other matters. The diary of his journey thither
and of his proceedings on his arrival is for the first time printed in this
volume. (See history of Annapolis tt)wnship, p. 148. For his family in
1708 and 1770, see census returns, pp. 153 and 15').)
In his diary or journal he tells us that he was employed in the autumn
of 1760 in surveying and " laying out " the lands for the new settlers who
had arrived in considerable numbers during the spring and summer. T>\
the following year he was appointed one of the four Justices of thi^ la-
ferior Court of Coumion Pleas for the count}' ; but it is believed he never
took a very active or leading part in magisterial affairs.
In 1777 he was elected to the Assembly as member for the county,
his colleague V)eing William Shaw, of Granville. He held the seat till
he died, November 2nd, 1782, aged 57, and was succeeded by John
Ritchie.
22
'.]:\H HISTOUY OF ANNAl'OMM.
WTLLFAM SMAW.
1777 I7H4.
Colonel William Sluiw w.i.s |.rol»il)lv ii Scolcliiimn. lie wivs ii ii«'ii-
ti'iiiuit ill tlic I7tli rfjiimciit, luul iii.irriiMl u (iiuii;litci' ot' llcv. 'riioinaN
Wood, alimdy iiientioiu'd. Hv l«'eiiinf a coloml of militia as oariy as
1770, and nilltMl out tlio t'orco undor hi.s coinmaiid for tin* dt'ft'iiet! of tln«
comity at tlu" timi' <.f tliti attack on Koit Ciiinlii'ilaiid l)y American icIu'Ih
and the disalVi'cttMl inlialiitants of tin- districts on tlic St. John |{iv(M-.
For full particulars of his procewliiigs on this oecaHion the reader is
referred to (Miaptor XT I.
To Mr. Shaw helonns tlie honour of liavini,' taken the initiative in the
establishment of a puhlic school in the city of Halifax, he havinj,' on the
l-'.Jrd October, 1780, moved that a committee of the AnMembiy he appointed
to take the matter into consideration and report results to the House. He
was nanicfl a member of the (M)mmittee, which, havini; reported I'avour
alily, and iruin'd the city of Halifax as the most desiiaulc locality, a bill
was brought in to establish such a school, and another l)ill to providtf^the
means by way of a pul)lic lottery to defray the expcnsi' of erectinj? a
suitable building;, whii'li it was estimated would cost I'l.oOII.
In 17S1 Mr. Shaw was appointed Sheriil' of the County of Halifax, as,
accordinj,' to Murdoch, Vol. IT!., pajje 1, he was acting in that capacity
in February, 17.S2. He must have been the first sheriff of that county.
In 17H1 a motion was made in the Assembly for leave to bring in a
bill to repeal certain clauses in the ])rovincial laws relating to Roman
Catholics, and Mr. Shaw was onhu-ed to prepare and bring in a bill
accordingly, which he did, and on the Ist of November, 1784, he was one
of the committee to draft the answer to the Lieutenant-Covernor's speech
delivered at the opening of the session. On the 29th of the same month,
for " having refused to attend and produce vouchers to his accounts as a
public accountant, having been Sheriff of Halifax Count}'," * lie was
adjudged to be in contempt, his seat declared vacant and himself ordered
to be taken into custody. He avoided arrest, however, either by secreting
himself, or by suddenly leaving the city.
Mr. Shaw's name ceases to appear in a public character from the date
of the vacation of his seat in 1784.
•Journals of Assembly, 1784.
.lolIN IlircMIF. -S. |)K !,.\N(;EY — J. I)K I,AN<'KY. Hnf)
JOHN UITCIUIO.
I7h;i i7,s,v
TIiIh •;i'nlltMii:iii was u H<'i)t('liin:in l>y l>irlli, proltalily a luitivn of
(ilaN;,'()\v, 1)11111 iiliout 17 I'"), 1111(1 at'ft'r li\iiij^ houw tiinr in ItoHlon, si'ttUul
ill Amiapolis Jit soiiK' (latf l)('t\vf»Mi 1770 and tlio MuniiniT of 1771. His
iiaini' (Iocs not appear in tlio census ictuiiis of 1770 ; and as lie niariiod
an Annapolis lady, whom lie had not proltalily met liefore ho rcinuved
here, and had a son horn to him as early as July, 177'!, wo ii'ust piosuine
he arrived somo time within tho period iiidioutod. Ho went into Imsinoss
as a merchant, and was soon a Icadiii;; spirit in the atFairs of the town
and county. (Sen |)ago Hil!.) Ho was cominissioiu'd captain of a
volunteer rc;;iiiiont May 2'_'nd, 1770, hut resigned his oommission
Soptomlier 7tli, 17i'^l. Ho was chosen to till the vacancy caused liy the
<leatli of Mr. Kvaiis, in 17^*-, and sat only two sessions, in one of which
he was one of tlu! ••oimiiittce of tho Assenilily appointed to inspect and
report upon tho " conditieiii of tlic^ j^overniiient house." He was held in
much esteem by the {icioplo of Aiina|iolis, and if his life had boon
prolonj^i'il it is reasonalilo to believe he would have sought a return to
jiuhlic life.
Ho was a .Justice of the Peace, and in 17H8 was appointed a lay
Judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. Kor his capture liy the
erew of an American jirivateer in 17S1, see pagi; Ii4. For his fijinily
history and vc^ry distinguislied posterity, see the Ritchie genealogy, post.
lOmharkiiig in shi[i[)ing liusiness, ho met with lina'icial reverses, and died
July 'JOth, 1790, at tlie early age of forty five.
STEPHEN DE L\NCEY. JAMES DE LANCEY.
1784 1780. 178« 1792.
The revocation of tho Edict of Nantes, by Louis XTV. in 1685, drove
from France a great proportion of the best intellectual and religious
elements it contained. Among those who sought refuge and liberty in
England to avoid the persecution which followed the revival of bigotry
in France, was Stephen' De Lancey,* the grandfather of the subject of this
sketch. Tliis gentleman, upon the application of himself and a number
of others, obtained ar. ^ct of Denization from the Parliament of Great
Britain, in the reign of James II., and shortly after took his departure
* In the memoirs and cenealogies a small figure will Bometinies be fou.ivl over a
Chriatijn name. It is to be understood as a genealogical sign, the figure 1 deuoJing
that the person thus marked was the immigrant ancestor, or person from whom a
line of descent is derived ; 2, for second generation, means a son of such person ;
3, fur thii A generation, a grandson, and so on.
340 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
for the New World, in which he was afterward to become the founder of
a distinguished family. He arrived at New York in 1C89, in June,
where he entered into mercantile business, and soon became a iciuling
and popular merchant and citizen.
In due time he was chosen to represent the people of the city and
county, in the Assembly of his adopted province, an honour which was
from time to time conferred upon him for a (|uarter of a century.* Soon
after having established himself in business he married Ann Van Coitland,
a lady of a go<Ml Dutch family, hmg settled on the Island of Manhattan,
by whom he had a large family, of whom three were sons — ^Oliver, James
and Pkteu-. The former of these was born in New York in 1717. He
was a member of the Assembly in 1759, and a member of the Council in
1760. In 1776 he was appointed general of brigade in the royal .service,
and distinguished himself in his conduct against the rebels during the
continuance of the rebellion. He resided at Bloomingdale, and when
his mansion at that place was burned by the revolutionists, his wife, who
was very deaf, came near being consumed in a dog kennel, in which she
had hidden herself during the attack. Her husband was attdinted of
higli treason by the Whig Government of New York, and his estates were
confiscated. He died at Beverly, in England, in HS."), in the sixty-ninth
year of his age. His wife was Phelia Frank.s, a Philadelphia lady of
good family, wlio also died in England, in 1811, in the ninetieth year of
her age, having survived her husband twenty-six years. Susan, daughter
of Oliver De Ljincey and Phelia Franks, married Sir William Draper, K.B.,
the distinguished tintagonist of the still more distinguished "Junius."
Charlotte, another daughter, became the wife of Sir David Dundas, Bart.,
who was some time a field-marshal of England. Their son, Oliver, jun.,
was educated in England, and afterwards entered the military service,
having been made a captain at the beginning of the rebellion, a major
in 1776, lieutenant-colonel in 1779, major-general in 1799, and afterwards
lieutenant-general and general. He never married, and died in P^ngland
at an advanced age.
James''' De Lancey, the second son of Stephen," wns " a man of talents,
learning and vivacity." He was educated for the legal profession, and
rose to fill the position of Chief Justice of his native colony, having
become the ;:uccessor in that honourable office of the Honourable Lewis
Morris, who was the first native selected to discharge its duties. This
gentleman was the maternal ancestor of the Hon. Lewis Morris Wiikins,
of the Supreme Court of this province. He was twice called upon to
administer the public attairs of the Province of New York, and his
administration was generally regarded with public favour, while his con-
duct, at the same time, was the subject of the approval of the Crown. He
•Journals and Proceedings of the Assembly of New York, 1688-1750.
STEPHEN I)E LANCEY— JAMES DE LANCEY. 341
died while thus employed, in 1760, leaving behind him an untarnished
reputation in all the relations of life.
His son, fames'' De Lancey, jun., received his education at Eton and
Cambridge, and was one of the wealthiest men in America, at the com-
mencement of the revolution, in which he took an active part on behalf
of the Crown. He was aide-de-camp to General Abercrombie, at Ticon-
deroga, and was a member of the Asseml)ly from 1769 to 1775, in which
year he went to England, where he spent the remainder of his days. His
wife was Margaret Allen, a daughter of Chief Justice Allen, of Pennsyl-
vania, by whom he had five children: (1) Charles, who was in the navy,
and died unmarried ; (2) James, who was lieutenant-colonel of the First
Dragoon Guards (1851), and who was then the only survivor; (3, 4) Ann and
Susan, who were living in England in 1848, unmarried, and (5) Margaret,
who married Sir Jukes Granville Clifton, Bart., and who died childless.
Stkphex' De Lancey, M.P.P., born about 1740, was a son of Peter^
Delancey (born 1705, died 1770), the third son of the founder of the
family, who owned considerable estates in Westchester County, where he
lived and where his influence and popularity were very great, as he
continued to represent that county in the Assembly during a period of
twenty-seven consecutive years, and this mainly at th^ time that he
represented the city and county of New York.*
James'' De Lancey, another son of Peteh,'- was Sheriif of Westchester
when the revolutionary struggle began, and in 1777 armed against the
rebels as captain of a troop of light horse of fifty men, the *' elite of the
county," and soon distinguished himself by his warmth and activity in the
royal cause. He obtained the title of the "Commander of the Cowboys,"
and afterwards the sobriquet of the "Outlaw of the Bronx." He was twice
taken prisoner, once by Putnam, in 1777, and both times by stratagem, but
soon regained his liberty. The troop itself was never captured. In 1781,
he was at Morrisania, at which place he seems to have ended his active
military career. He was "attainted " and his estate confiscated in 1779.
In 1783, he came to this province and settled in the township of
Annapolis, near Round Hill, on a farm long and even still known as the
*' De Lancey Farm," where some of his descendants yet reside, and where
a monument to the memory of himself, his wife, and his son William and
his wife, has been erected. He married Martha Tippetts, by whom he
had a numerous family.
I extract the following notice of an aflecting scene from a paper read
before the New York Hiatorical Society in 1861, by a Mr. McDonald. It
describes this old Loyalist's leave-taking of his old home in the beautiful
County of Westchester, the scene of his birth and his boyhood :
" The Outlaw of the Bronx," says this gentleman, " with a heavy heart,
•Journals and Proceedings of the Aaseinbly of New York, 1688-1760.
342 HISTt)HY OF ANNAPOLIS.
mounted his horse, and riding to tlie dwellings of his friends and neigh-
bours biide them each farewell. His paternal iields and every object pre-
sented to his view were associated witli the joyful recollecflons of early
life. The consciousness that lie beheld them for the last time, and the
uncertainties to be encountered in a strange countiy to which banishment
was consigning him, conspired to awaken emotions such as the sternest
bosom is sometimes compelled to entertain. It was in vain that he
struggled to suppress the feelings which shook his iron heart. Nature
soon obtained the mastery and he burst into tears. After weeping with
uncontrollable bitterness for a few moments he shook his ancient friend
by the hand, ejaculating with ditticulty the words, 'God bless you,
Theophilus,' and spurring forward turned his back forever upon his
native valley."
The emotion exhibited on this occasion, and the tears which he shed
were nt>ble proofs that he was a man of refined and cultivated mind, and
that he possessed a heart capable of tliose amiable feelings which do so
much honour to human nature.
The farm which became the property of this gentleman is, as before
stated, situated on the south side of tlie river immediately opposite the
famed Belleisle marsh. The esistern portion of it is now known as the
" Chipman Farm" — late David Hall's — but the western division is the
property of a grandson of the valiant old "Outlaw of the Bronx." His
family consisted of (1) William, who married his cousin, a daughter of
Stephen Delancey, of whom we have yet further to speak ; (2) John,
some time a major in the New Brunswick Fencibles, who died at Bridge-
town, at an advanced age, unmarried ; (3) Oliver, who died abroad
at a comparatively early age, also unmarried ; (4) Stephen, who recently
died without issue ; (5) Peter, who survived the others and lived on
his farm in South Williamston, in the township of Annapolis, and was
married to a daughter of the late John Starratt, by whom he had issue,
two sons and several (hiughters. Of the sons of James, William, at least,
was a student at King's College, Windsor, before the chtte of the charter
of that institution. Oliver also matriculated there previously to his
entering the army.*
One of thi3 daughters of James De Lancey became the wife of the late
Henry Goldsmith, Esq., who was for many years Collector of Customs at
Annapolis — she died childless. Another daughter married Stephen
Bromley, who was a son of Walter Bromley, the founder of the Acadian
school in Halifax. By this mairiage there was issue, two sons, of the elder
of whom, Walter Henry Bromley, having joined the regiment in which
liis grandfather had served as a captain, the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers,
•8ee u y of the calendars of King's College. The "S" and "J" Delancey
therein also nameil were probably sons of Stephen.
Hon. Col. Jamks Dk L.wcky.
STEPHKN DE LANCEY — lAMES I)E LANCEY. M'.i
in 1855, it may be related in his honour, that he served during the
Russian War in the Crimea, l)efore Subastopol, with mueli credit to iiimself
and the service, having l)een twice wounded in tlie disastrous attack on
the Httle Hedan. When the Indian mutinj' broke out a little later his
regiment was ordered to the East, but not being immediately sent to
the front, he volunteered by pei'inissi(tn into the 4'Jnd regiment, and fell
mortally wounded in the attack made tor the relief of Lucknow. James
De Lancey was accompanied in his exile by his brother, Stephen De Ijiincey,
wlio with his family settled in Annapolis town, wiiere he died about 1801.
He was in 1765 clerk of the city and county of Albany, N.Y., and after-
wards recorder of the same city, and several times served as a commis-
sioner to treat with the Indians. On June 4, 1776, he was dining with
the mayor and a nu;:ib( i of Loyalists in honour of the King's birthday,
when they weie nl' arrested and thrown into prison on a charge of
Ji>.il}'ection. He was released in the December following, and in 1783
c.uiie to Annapolis, and the next year became a candidati for tlie repre-
sentation of the township to fill a vacancy, was elected, and was again
elected at the general election of 1785. He abandoned the House of
Assembly, and accepted a seat at the Council Board at the close of the
session of 1786. Murdoch follows Sabine in stating that he vacated his
seat by accepting an ottice in the island of Tobago, but Sabine was in
error in this particular, for the (lovernor of that island was probably a
son of James De Lancey, sometime Lieutenant-Governor of New York.
Mr. De Lancey appears to have been an active, influential and intelligent
member of the Assembly.* It was he who moved a resolution in 1786 to
call all persons who were in any way indebted to the public treasury to
the bar of the House to account for their delinquencies. In 1791 he was
appointed one of a J3oard of Commissioners to investigate into and report
upon the matter of titles to lands in Digby. In their report made to Sir
John Wentworth in that year, they denounced the mismanagement of the
Board of Agents and the carelessness of the early surveyors.
He had children, of whom one, a daughter, married a cousin, the
late William De Lancey, of Round Hill, l)y whom she had issue, a son,
Stephen, who long survived and resic'ed on the paternal farm. His son,
Cadwallader, left Annapolis about the time of his father's demise, and was
never afterward heard from. It was believed that he perished at sea.
Stephen De Lancey was succeeded in the Pro\incial Parliament by his
brother James, before mentioned. Colonel James De Lancey held the seat
until he was appointed a member of the Council in 1794 by Sir John
Wentworth, the Lieutenant-CJovernor, and he continued a member of that
Board until his death, May 2, 1804. He was also a useful and active mem-
ber both of the Legislative and Executive Departments of the Government.
* Tlie fifth Assembly. It existed fourteen years anil hold seventeen sessions.
344 HISTOKY OF ANN.VI'ULIS.
Other members of this distinguiHlied family should 1m» mentioned here.
Sir William F. De Lancey was probably a son of Stephen Delancey, the
G(jvernor of Tobago, and was Quartermaster-General oi tlie British army
under the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. One of his daughters was
the wife of Sir Hudson Lowe, the custodian of Napoleon I. in St. Helena.
Ann De Lancey, one of the daughters of the founder of this family, married
John Watts, who became a partner in the firm of De Lancey it Wnxcs, for
many yeais a leading mercantile house in the city of New i''ork. Ann
Watts, her daughter, married Captain Archibidd Kennedy, 11. N., who
afterward became the eleventh Earl of Oussilis. This huly died in 1793,
leaving a daughter who became the wife of Colonel Philip Kearney, and
the mother of Stephen Watts Kearney, general 'ti the United States
army. Mary, another daughter of Mrs. V/atts, was the wife of Sir John
Johnston, Bart., and the wife of James Fenimore Cooper, the novelist, was
a cousin to the subjects of this sketch.
THOMAS BARCLAY.
1785-1789, 1789-1793, 1793 1799.
This gentleman was born in New York in 1753, and was the son of
the Rev. Henry Barclay, D.D., rector of Trinity Church in that city.
After having graduated at Columbia College, he studied law in the office
of the distinguished John Jay. Scarcely had he concluded his legal
studies when he determined to abandon the profession and enter the
ranks of another — that of arms. In accordance with this resolution, he
(.Kiiiained a captain's commission, and served for a short time under Sir
William Howe. He was afterward under Sir Henry Clinton, and
succeeded in gaining the rank of major when he was only twenty-four
years of age. He continued in the service until the close of the rebellion,
when he and his family came to Annapolis, where he settled and resumed
the practice of law, in which he rapidly made his way to first place,
having been soon engaged in one side or the other in every suit of im-
portance brought before the courts of justice. His gentlemanly demeanour,
high sense of honour, great intellectual powers and superior mental
culture fitted him in a peculiar manner for the discharge of the public
duties with which he might be intrusted, with credit to himself and
satisfaction to those whom he served. Two years had scarcely elapsed
from the date of his arrival in the Province, before he was induced to
seek the sufi'rages of the electors of the county. Mr. Barclay and David
Seabury, a fellow-loyalist, were colleagues in their candidature for the
county seats. Alexander Howe opposed Seabury, and the contest was
close and warm between them, Barclay using all his infiuenoe to carry
THOMAS lUHCLAY. 345
Seiihury. The iasuo of this strugj^le will Ix) more fully rcluted in the
memoir of Howe. Mr. Barclay was returned and took his seat in the
Assembly on its meeting on the Sth of Decembtn-, 1785.
Possessed of fine debating powers as well as <jf pleasing personal
appearance, and endowed with an energy and pel-severance scarcely to be
excelled, it is no wonder that he soon becanu; a leader in its deliberations,
and immediately made his intluence felt in the iuiministration of public
affairs.
It was during the period in which he served as a member of the
Assembly that the celebrated Impeachment case was heard before the
Legislature. In November, 1787, Thomas Millidge, the first member for
the township of Digby, moved a resolution to impeach the judges of the
Supreme Court on a series of charges of a very grave character, and Mr.
Barclay at once lent him his most earnest endeavours in sustaining the
prosecution. The course taken by these gentlemen seems to have been
adopted under a deep conviction that a want of legal knowledge, or of
honesty of purpose, hat! marked the conduct of the judges in certain
causes which had been tried l)efore them, in the county which they
represented, and over whose general interests they were the chosen
guardians.
The judges thus attacked were Deschamps and Brenton, who had
many friends both in the Assembly and in the country, and they wern
warm V and ably defended in the press and on the floor of the House.
The articles of impeachment set forth, among other matters, that
*' Whereas the township of Annapolis was heretofore granted by His
Majesty to divers persons to Ije by them held as tenants in common ; and
whereas the said township hath never from the granting thereof as
aforesaid, to the exhibiting of these articles, been severed or divided
between the said grantees ... by any deed executed between the
parties holding the same, or by any writs of partition executed ; and
whereas the said grantees, their heirs and assigns, did by a certain writing
made under their respective hands, but not by them sealed, agree to a
certain division of the said township ; and whereas a certain action of
trespass and ejectment, brought in the Supreme Court, in the month of
May, 1787, by a certain Abner Morse, a proprietor of the said township,
against a certain Samuel Morse, also a proprietor of a part of the said
township," etc. I quote this much from the document containing the
charges in order that the reader may understand what follows. It
appears that the paper writing above referred to, was held, in the case
of Morse against Morse, tried in May, to be a valid instrument of legal
value ; whereas in the case of Morse against Kent, tried in November of
the same year, and which was in all legal points entirely simil.«r, the
judges refused to admit it as of any value whatever. These were friendly
.'}4() IlISTOUY (»F ANNAPOLIS.
aotioiiH, iirul were occasioiuHl by the (litliiniltics iittenilinf? tlio disposal of
rt'iil estiitt'. uiul were iiit('ii(l"(l to tt'st the validity t)t' tlie unsealed
agreement of division mentioned in the proiuuble to tiie articleti of
impeachment.
Whetilouk (Ohadiah) .against Messenger (Ebenezor), Kervin against
Honnel, Ivatlierns against Pineo, and oth»!r causes were quoted in the
articles to estahlisli the cliarges wliich had been formulated. The
discussions which took place on this subject were marked by much elo-
quence and greatli warmth. On th»^ one side Barclay and Millidge
displayed powers in debate seldom witnes.sed in the legislative halls of the
Province ; on the other side Alexander Howe, Richard Jolin Uniacke,
and others exhausteil every resource of ingenuity with an elocjuence
scarcely to be exceeded, in defence of their old fiiends the judges.
The two former, ivs we have alreiuly seen, were Loyalists, the two latter
gentlemen were pre-loyalists, as were also the two judges, and it is pos-
sible that a spirit of rivalry between the two parties had begun to
manifest itself in the Assembly, as it had already done in some of the
counties, and that it influenced the combatants in this intellectual
struggle.
In 1787 Mr. Barclay and his colleagues, Millidgc and Howe, were
appointed a committee by <he Assembly to impure into and report upon
the propriety of granting bounti s U)ward encouraging the erection of a
furnace for the reduction of native iron ores, and their manufacture into
bar iron, a duty they discharged by recommending a bounty of £40 on
the construction of a smelting furnace, and a bonus of double that
amount for the production of any quantity of iron made from nati\
ores.
This action afterwards led to the opening of the mines at Nictaux and
Clements, and deserves notice as the pioneer movement in the develop-
ment of an industry which at Nictaux, at least, is now reaching the
dimensions which its importance to the country demands.
The speakership having becoTne vacant in 1789, by the acceptance of a
seat in the Council, by Mr. Blowers, Mr. Barclay was nominated to fill
the position ; but his colleague — Howe — smarting no doubt, under a sense
of the injury which he thought Barclay had done him in supporting
Seabury, named Richard John Uniacke in opposition, who was chosen by
a small majority. Mr. Barclay wiis, however, elected Speaker of the
Assembly which met in 1793, and continued to fill the chair till the
close of his services as a representative in 1799, when he entered the
civil service of the Crown as " Consul G meral of the North and Eastern
States," and removed from the Province, to which he never again returned.
The Assembly having met on the 7th of June, 1799, the Speaker
resigned his seat, and on the 1 1 th the formal thanks of the House were
THOMAS ItAUCLAV. 347
given t<» liim for "his loiij^ iiiid faitlit'ul sciviccM," an act which reflected
as iniu'li crtHJit to tiic AsstMiihly as it did u|ioii Mr. IJarelay.
During the Aim-ricau war of 181 -'-181'), he was employed by the
HritiHli Oovernnient as " Commissary for the care and exchange of
prisoners of wai," and afterwards became England's commissioniM-
under Articles IV. and \'. of the Treaty of (ihent, and with Mr. Holmes
— the United States commissioner -ai-ranged the l)oundary line Ix^tween
the two governments in Fassama(|uoddy Hay, a vtM-y (Htticult and (h)licate
task, hut onc^ wliicli he succee<led in jx-rforming to the entire .satisfaction
of tlie British (lovernment. Mr. Barclay's .secretary was his son, Anthony
Barchiy, wiio was for many years British Consul for the city of New
York.
Another of his sons. Colonel De Lancey Barclay, entered the army at an
early age and was present at Waterloo, and was an aide-de-camp to George
IV. for some years. He died in IHlili. Of these two sons, the former
was the younger. He matriculated at King's College, Windsor, in 1805,
took his degree of B.A. in 1809, and that of D.C.L. in 1827. The latter
wius a student at King's liefore that period. Other sons of the .subject of
this notice were al.so educated in part or in whole in that honoured
institution of learning.*
Previous to his leaving the Province, Mr. Barclay had obtained a grant
of land from the Crown which had become liable to escheat in 1818 or
1819, and steps having been taken to revest the title in the Sovereign, he
addressed the following letter to the Lieutenant-Governor of this pro-
vince (Dalhousie) and Council, which, as it well illustrates his style as a
writer and recounts somewhat minutely his varied and valuable services
to the parent government, is transcribed in full :
" Nkw York, February, 1820.
'•My Lord, — I have received information from Mr. Rituhie,t of Anna])olis,
N.H., that it has been moved in H. M. Council at Halifax, to direct an in(|uest
against certain lauds in the township of Aylesford wiiereof my sons and myself are
gi-antees under Letters Patent. Mr. Ritchie at the same time enclosed me a copy
of ])etition which he had delivered to yoiu' lordsldp on tliis sul)ject, on my behalf.
As he has not stated my case so fully as I consider its uierits demand, and as it rests
wholly with your lordship whether the in(|uests sliall be proceeded in or not, or if
commenced to order the attorney-general to ejiter a iioh/i' pronetjid, I beg leave to
remark that had I remained in Nova Scotia, attending to my private uti'airs, the
Kve thousand acres of land in Aylesford grunted to me aud my sons, and which I
have since purchased from them, would long since have been in a state of cultivation
to protect them against an esclieat, and that there is even a considerable part of the
tract now under cultivation.
" My duty to His Majesty considered it necessary for me iu the year 1795 to
* The calentlar of King's College.
+ The late Judge Thomas Ritchie who was Mr. Barclay's agent in this province.
M+S illMTOKY OK ANNAI'OMS.
m'i'i!|)t tlio ii|i|i<>iiitiiii'iit iiiiHoli(.'itc<l on my pint, of ('oiiiiniHNionor iiiiiUm' tlii> fifth
Artii'U) of llie Tri'uty of Amity, Coinmurcc ami Navigation lietwi-i^n HiH Majt'wty anil
the Unituil StateH of Aniuriua, and I had Hcaruoly oxpvcted an advantaguiiiiH duciiiiun
of thu i|ui>Htion wlicti I rrrt'lvod ordt-iH from tin- Koruigii Otiici', acuonipaniud liy TIIh
Majt'nty's conimisNion to repair forthwith to thiM city hh M, M. (NinHul-ticncral for
KaMtern Statt-n of AnuM-ira. wliich othci' I Hlli-d until this (oMimi-nt'cnienl of thi' war
in 1812, when I \vt>nl to Kiigland. In 181.'t <!ov(<rnm«nt conNidercd it nuitesHury to
havD nut in those Slates during the war, and for that purpose elothed me with thu
appointment of ' Agent of priHonurx of war.' Toward tiiu oIohu of 1814 I again
returned to Knghind,
" At the peace in l)eeend)er of that year, it was my intention to have returned to
Nova Scotia to attend to my personal art'airH, but His Majesty's miniHterd again
required my HorvicuN, aiul 1 wuh a|)pointed commiHHioncr under the fouith and tiftli
artielcH of the Treaty of (Iheiit.
" The first of them has heen directed to the no huuiU advantage of Hin Majesty,
and the other is ho far progressed in tiiat I confidently hope it will he terminated
either in tliis year or the next.
" Your lorilship will jjcreeive from tiiis relation of facts — 1. That it is owing to
my absence from Nova 8cotia that the lands above mentioned have not been treated
according to the conditions of the grant ; ami 2. That this absence was not of my
own seeking, but by the orders of my Sovereign, It would lie a hard case, there-
fore, to deprive me of these lands, for want of an improvement, and revest them in
the Crown, when ujy exertiims were expressly inteiTiipted and prevented by my
being ordered and detained in foreign service.
"From the alwve statements I am led to hope your lordship will consider me
entitled to more than onlinary indulgence, and be induced to interfere in my favour,
in which event I will, as soon as I am favoured with your lordship's reply, if favour-
able, take immediate measures to the settlement and improvement of the remainder
of the lands.*
"(Signed), Thomas Barii.ay.
"His Excellency Earl Dalhousie."
Mr. Barclay died in New York in April, 1830, at the age of seventy
years, a large number of which were devoted to the public service.
DAVID SEABURY.
1785-1786.
Mr. Seabury was a brother of Samuel Seabury, D.D., the fii-st Bishop
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, and also one of
the fifty-five petitioners, with Abijah Willard, for lands in Nova Scotia.
Sabine misnames him Daniel. Tradition affirms that he once owned
and occupied the Alexander Howe farm (now Gesner's) in Granville.
Having taken an active part in the revolutionary war against the
* The escheat did not take place, and Mr. Barclay's heirs recently sold the lands
to a gentleman of Aylesford (now of Annapolis), who has resold them to the present
proprietors. They are now very valuable.
DAVri) SKAHt'llY. n4!>
|M>pulai' caiiM*>, ho hocaino ii Ii<iyali.st vxiUi, aiui with his witV ami M«>V(>ral
chiidn-ri sought a now hoiiH- in tliis pinvinco in 17H;{.
His wifo, a vorv oxoniplarv and piniis woman, alMiiit 1792 hooamo a
warm adhoront to tlit; VV'osloyan inovornont, which, through tho inissionaiy
zeal of Mlack and othor clevor and devout mon, niado considoralilo
advancos at that poriod. Two of hor daughters aio said to havo niarriod
Mothodist niinistors.*
Soahmy was on two sovoral occasions rotiirnoii as nionihor of tln^
Asaenibly, Fn 178r» he first sought tho suffragos of the people in <»pposi-
tion to Aloxandor llowo, who also for the first time hocanio a candidato
for a seat in tho House. In the contest whii-h ensued much heat and
party acrinu)ny were evolved, Mr. Seahuiy recei\in^ tlm almost un
divided support of the new Ix)yali8t settlers, besides possessing tho in-
Huenct! of the Slnuiff, Doctor Tucker.
Mr. Seabury was declared <luly elected, but on the petition of hi.i
opponent, the House vacated the seat iind ordered the eh rtion to be run
over. The same candidates took the field and the battle was fought over.
It was during the excitement of this period that liarclay drew upon
himself the censure of the Assembly for woi'ds used in a letter publishefl
in a newspaper of the day, and which seemed to impeach the wisdom of
that Ixxly in vacating the seat. Tucker again returned Seabury as having
been duly chosen, and Howe again petitioned against the return, claiming
the seat, which was finally awarded to him by a resolution of the
Assembly. Mr. Seabun 's public life seems to liave closed with this
contest, though he was a leading magistrate in the county for the suc-
ceeding twenty years of his residence in it. In 1791 he was appointed a
commissioner, with William Winniett and John llice, for the con-
struction of a bridge over Allain's creek, and for some years after this
date he was acting agent of the Government on Indian afiairs. He was
also lieutenant-colonel of the county militia.
Having been reduced in wealth previous to 1806, through heavy
losses sustained in the trade in which he had some time before embarked
all his available means, he determined to return to his old home in the
State of New York, in which he had lived in the old colonial times.
From the time of this event the writer has l)een unable to recover any
particulars concerning him.
Mr. Seabury seems to have been a man of goo<I parts and fair educa-
tion, and to have posses.sed considerable energy of character, and that he
exerted his abilities to the utmost in the direction of the public weal,
there is no reason to doubt.
* Smith's " History ot Methodism in the Lower Provinces," p. 246.
850 IIISTOUV OF ANNAroMS,
ItKN.IAMIN .lA.MKS,
\'M I71W.
TIm> MtiWjiM't of tliis ni)tic)< (miiic Ii> (Iuh |iri)viiit'o with tlH> utlitM'
Li»yiiliHlM ill ITl^.'J. Ilf was ii imtivc dt" IN-iinHylMiiiia, iiml liitd sfcvi'd tin
ail uii.si^ii ill a Loyalist coi'iis wliicli saw active s<-i'\ io* (iiirin^ tli*^ war of
the revolution, and toward its (dose was iiiadi> artiii^ coiniiiissary of n
lui;{adc in till" Kiiiji{'s sprviiT. At llit' date of Ids arrival licrr his Iiouho-
liold coiisistfd of twt'lvf souls, i)i' whom seven were his eliildren lie was
a man of education and culture, and was placed in the coniinission of tim
Peace hefore tiie close of his first year's residence in the county, and in
I7H.") h(^ was elected ineniher for the lownship of (jranville, and served
until 1 7'.)'-', an entire septennial term. I)iiriii;{ this time he was more
than once chosen cliairman of the t'ominittee on I'uhlic Accounts, lie
also ^av(> his assistance to his colleagues and fellow-loyalists, Itarclay and
Millid>?R, in tiio Judges impeachment case. In 1799 he sold his farm to
the ('hurcli of Kii;,'land for a j,'lel)e, and removed to Halifax, whi-re he
was ein|iloyed as accountant in the dockyard, and it is believed that ho
died in that city a few years later.
His eldest son, liieutenant henjainin ihiines, of the Koyal Nova Scotia
rej^iment, lost his life in 1797 in Halifax harbour, in the |)erformanc(^ of
an act of luM'oism, which is thus descriiu'd in the inscription on his tomb-
stone, which was erected at the expense of His Hoyal Hij,diness the Duke
of Kent: "This stone, sacred to the memory of Lieuttniant IJenjamin
James, of His Majesty's Koyal Nova Scotia Uei{iment, who lost his life
in the attem|>t to render assistance to the Ln Trihinir frij^ate, on the 2nd
of November, 1797, aj^ed twenty-nine years — is placed as a testimony of
the liigh estecMn entertaintnl of his humane endeavours on that memorable
occasion by Lieutenant-(Teneral, His Itoyal Hij,diness Prince Kdward,
commanding in the district."
Another of his sons, John W., lost his life at the capture of the
Island of St. Croix in the West Indies, Peter, a third son, married a
daughter of Admiral Warren, and took up his residence in England,
where he died. Of his two younger sons, Daniel only remained in the
county. Thomas married and settled in Halifax.
THOMAS MILLTDGE.
1786-1793, 1793-1799, 1799-180«.
This gentleman was a native of the old colony of New Jersey, and was
born in 1735. He was major in Skinner's Volunteers, and he is said by
Sabine to have been Surveyor-General of the Province previous to the
Revolution. That he was, in early life, a practical land surveyor seems
THn.MAs Mll.MIXiK. *r) 1
ovidiMit, ('ii()ii;^li from the t'ollowiny triulitiniiaiv iiiwcdotf, for wliioli I am
iiiili'l)l<>(l to my fatlii'i', who in his youth h.ul mori' than oiii'i> hfiird the
story toll! \>y Mr. Millid^^t' liiinsclf. The HiiltMtmu'f (»t' the ^lory in this:
Oil th»i iipprujuii of thi' rt'licl forces, umh-r Wushiii^^lon, towiiril tho
I'liii^lisli iirmy, wliosr h<'aili|iiiirlt'rs wi'io tht-ii iit, or in tht- vicinity of
New York, the Itritish commiinihM', lieiii:,' (h'sirotis of olitainiiiL; ii cori'oet
knowh'djje of tJie position and force of lht> enemy, with a view to an
Httuok, called for the services of a sullieh'iitly daring yet prudent and
competent person, to secure thi^ information souj^ht. It was a well-
understood f.ict that anyone taken within the American lines, without a
pass, wouhl Ite liahle to forfeit, his life as a spy, and it, therefoi'c, liccame
a matter of nuK^h dillicidty to find a man at once sutheiently cool and
courfii{eous to umlertake so dain^erous a seivice. Mr. .Millid;,'e, however,
determined to assume the task ; and he executed it with entire succoss,
as the seipiel will show.
Havinj^ dressed liimsclf as a farmer of the district, aiul removed the
pocket linin;,'s from the irapacious skirts of his coat, lie placed in its thus
widened I'ecesses, a small |)acka;:;e of cai'dhoards, cut into sipiares anil
iiuiiihered, and so arranged that he could easily secure the ie(|uired piece
when want«d, without the aid of the eye ; and haviii^i also placed tlieroin
a pencil, and all the materials necessary to his purpose, ho set out holdly
toward the headipiarters of the lehel commandiM', and soon contrived to
have himself arrested and taken into his presence. On heiii}^ ipiestioned
liy Washinjjtori — who informed liim that he liad been seized as a spy — he
naively iii(|uired of his interroj^ator if he were not tlu; people's friend,
adroitly adding; that, if lie were )ii>t, he had been cruelly deceived and
impo.sed upon by the man who had told him if he wanted to see an army,
he could do so in safety by coming liere ; and he had done so to see the
people's aimy, and perhaps a battle ; but as it seemed he had been
betrayed into Roing into the wrong place, he hoped his excellency would
let him go back to his family and farm, in which case he promised he
would never leave them again while he lived.
All this was said with such rustic simplicity, earnestness, and apparent
truthfulness, that Washington, who was entirely thrown oft" his guard,
gave the countryman a pass, to enable him to gratify his supposed desire
to see what might become a battle field, and which did, in fact, become
one a. few weeks later, and to put in his power to report to his .sympa-
thising neighbours the strength of the continental army, and its almost
certain prospects of success when the time should come to strike a blow
against its enemy. Thus armed with permission he entered the lines
and commenced his work. With his hands plunged into his capac'ous
coat-skirts and with a pencil in one of thein, and the package of card-
boards 80 turned that number one was presented in a proper manner to
352 HISTOIIY OK ANNAPOLIS.
be used, he sauntered tlirou<;h tlie camp, sketching unseen and secretly
the position of streams, hills, ravines, villages and other features of the
place, and of the suriounding countr)', with the sites and strength of
batteries and other required particulars.
Immediately after his departure, the rough notes which were thus
taken, were reduced into order, and a plan made from them of sullieient
accuracy to enable the English commander to execute a successful attack
upon the rebel position.
These services were rewarded by a military appointment in connection
with which he continued to serve the Crown with energy, skill, and faith-
fulness until the close of the war. In 17H3 he, with his family
and a large number of other Loyalist exiles, came to Digl)y, where
he settled and continued to reside for several years. He was, almost at
once, appointed one of the deputy land surveyors for the county,
having been strongly recommended to that position by Sir Guy
Carleton, afterward Lord Doichester. He appears to have been held in
high estimation by the Honourable Charles Morris, sen., who was then
the Surveyor-General of the Province. Under date September 10th, ITSii,
in a letter addressed to Millidge, he says :* " I have such confidence in you
that I have no doubt you can easily procure the Board's (of Agents)
approbation of your accounts, whatever may have been alleged against
you ;" and a few months later in the same year, he thus speaks of
him in a letter to Phineas Millidge, who had just been made a deputy :
" I have received your account and those of your excellent father. I am
fully convinced of yo'ir readiness to exert yourself in the public business
you may hereafter have assigi ^d you, and I have not a doubt (being
educated by so good a father) but that your professional education is equal
to the task you have undertaken :" and again in a conmmnication to Neil
MacNeil, another of his deputies, dated August, 178.5, he says : "The
point Mr. Brudenell claims (in Long Island, Digby County) appears to
have been reserved for the use of the fishery. Mr. Brudenell will consult
my deputy for Digby, Major Millidge, in whom I have much confidence ;
and I shall in a great measure be guided by their report ; " and under
the same date he writes to the major himself : " I have no cause to
find fault with you as a surveyor, but I will tell you that you shamefully
neglect your private business."
Mr. Millidge was in his fortieth year wlien he came to Digby. He had
been married several years previously to Sarah Botsford, a daughter of
Amos Botsford, of Newtown, Connecticut, who was also a Loyalist exile,
and who was, for a time, the chief or chairman of the Board of Agents
appointed by Governor Parr to superintend the location and settlement
of many families who sought a new home under the old flag in this part
' Letter Book in MS. among Nova Scotia Archives.
THOMAS Mir.LIDGE. 3o3
of the Province. This gentleman removed to New IJrunswick in 1785,
where he was very soon elected a member of the first House of Assembly
of that province, and was chosen its Speaker, a position for which his
abilities and previous training peculiarly fitted him. He died in that
province at a good old age, leaving a number of children and grand-
children behind him, who have always maintained a highly respectable
position in society in that province.
By this marriage Mr. Millidge had a numerous family. His eldest son
was Rev. John Millidge, D.C. L., long Hector of Granville and Anna-
polis, who married, first, a Miss Botsford ; .second, Annah 8imonds ; and
by his last wife was the father of the late John J. Millidge, of Gagetown,
N.B., and George S. Millidge, Judge of ProVmte, Annapolis. His second
son was Stephen Millidge, who married Sarah Botsford, and was father
of (1) Ann, married Israel Troop ; (2) Mary, married Mansfield Cornwall ;
(3) Eliza, married Marmaduke Backhouse, M.D. ; (4) Caroline, married
Edward Hicks Cutler ; (5) Jane, married Samuel Cornwall ; (6) Phebe,
married Hon. E. B. ('handler, of New Brunswick, M. K.C., Senator and
Lieutenant-Governor ; (7) William Pagan, d. unm. His third son, Thomas
Botsford, married Sarah Simonds, of New Brunswick, and was a leading
merchant of St. John. His fourth son, Phineas, marrieil Catherine,
daughter of the late Elienezer Cutler, and was father of Elizabeth, first
wife of Israel W. Ruggles (only child), and was for many years a deputy
surveyor of the county ; l)esides two daughters, one of whom married
Thomas Walker, M.P.P.
It having been determined, in 1784-85, that the new township of
Digby .should be represented in the Assembly, Mr. Millidge sought the
suffrages of the new constituency, and became its first representative in
1786 ; and during the twenty years following, he filled a conspicuous
place in the Legislature of the country. One of his first legislative acts
was a motion to impeacli Brenton and Deschamps, two of the Judges of
the Supjeme Court ; and his addresses to the House on this occasion are
said to have been distinguished for great ability and much eloquence.
In 1789 Doctor John Day, the member for Newport, having moved that
Wilmot (Annapolis) together with Rawdon, and Douglas, in Hants,
should be allowed members to represent them in the Parliament, Mr.
Millidge and Mr. James, the member for Granville, voted against tlie
motion, though his colleague, Howe, and Barclay, the member for Anna-
polis, voted in its favour. I have not been able to ascertain either the
grounds or the motives of his opposition to a measure which would have
been popular among many of his own constituency.
Soon after this period, he was appointed a Justice of the Inferior Court
of Common Plea«, and for many years he continued to hold that hon-
ourable position. He had already become a colonel in the Annapolis
23
354 HISTORY OF ANNAPOJJS.
militia in the eastern district, as well as of the Acadian militia of the
western district, now Digby.
At the general election which took place in 1793, he, in conjunction
with his fellow-loyalist, James Moody, obtained the seats for the county,
Henry Rutherford, another Loyalist, having been chosen in his place for
Digby. In the session of this year he procured the passage of an Act to
enable deputy surveyors to administer oaths to chain-bearers. Alexander
Haines,* having set forth in a petition to the House that his " property
in the United States had been confiscated, in consequence of which he
was unable to discharge a bond he had given in 1766 to one Daniel
Woods, of the United States, who hixd obtained judgment thereon, and
had issued an execution, and thrown him into jail at Annapolis, where
he had been confined a long time, to the extreme distress of an infirm
wife and numerous family," Mr. Millidge moved that it be referred to a
special committee ; and he as chairman of that committee soon after
reported a bill for the relief of the petitioner which he had the pleasure to
see passed into an Act.
In the following year, he and Captain Howe were appointed a com-
mittee to wait upon His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, who had
just arrived at Halifax, to inquire when the prince would be pleased to
receive the loyal address of the House of Assembly. In 1796 he framed
and introduced a bill for the "laying out, altering and repairing of roads
and bridges," which became law, and continued in force for several years.
Disputes having arisen out of the conduct of the Board of Agents,
who had been appointed to superintend the allotment of lands in Digby
to the Loyalist exiles in 1783, and the carelessness of some of the first
surveyors employed, legislative interference became necessary, and a bill
to " Quiet the Possession of Lands at Digby " having been brought
forward, Mr. Millidge gave it all the support in his power, though he
had been one of the surveyors under that Board, and left no influence
which he could exert unused, till it became a fixture on the statute book
of the Province.
In the general election which occurred in 1806 he announced himself
a candidate for the representation of Granville, the township in which
he lived. For the particulars of this election, and the failure of Mr.
Millidge to secure the seat on petition, see page 216.
He was custos rotulorumf of the county for nearly twenty years, aa
well as a leading and efficient Justice of the Peace, and in both capacities
he proved a faithful and upright officer. In all matters touching the
• Many descendants of this man rrjide in various districts in Digby and Anna-
polis counties. (See his petition in Nova Scotia Archives. ) No general Insolvent
Debtors' Law then existed.
t President of the Bench of Magistrates.
ALEXANDER Ht)WE. 355
Bench of Magistrates his advice was sought by successive lieutenant-
governors in those old days of irresponsiiile government, but to the
honour of Thomas Millidge be it said, lie was careful to recommend those
only to till public offices who were worthy and capable, and who there-
fore adorned the positions to wliich, through his recommendation, they
had been promoted.
The farm on which he lived, and which he owned, was that now
owned and occupied by J. Bernard Cilnek, Esq., J. P., with the lot next
adjoining it on the west side. In iiis capacity as a cultivator of the soil,
his example and influence were hii^hly beneficial to the community in
which he lived and laboured. His sudden death from apoplexy, which
occurred in 1816, left a blank in the county which was neither soon nor
easily filled.
ALEXANDER HOWE.
1786-179.1, )79.{-l799.
Three years after the disastrous fight at Grand Pre, in Horton, in
which the brothers Noble — colonel and ensign— were killed, and Edward
How* severely wounded, there was born to the latter in the old town of
Annapolis a son, whose name and subsequent history are by no means
so well known by his countrymen of to-day as they deserve to be. The
birth of this child occurred only a few months before the melancholy
death of his father, in October, 17o0. He bore the name of Alexander,
and wa? the youngest of six or seven children, possibly of more. At the
age of twelve years he is said to have been with Sir William Amherst in
the expedition fitted out for the reciptureof Newfoundland in 1762. t
It is certain, however, that in 1757, at the age of seventeen, he became
an ensign in the 36th regiment, then on service in the West Indies,
by purchase. In 1771 he was still a lieutenant in the same regiment
and continued to serve as a subiltern therein for thirteen years.
At the end of this period he sold his commission, and obtained a
captaincy in the lOtth regiment in 1780. In 1783, being still in the
West Indies, and in ill-health, he again sold his commis.sion and
returned to his native province and county, in which he remained
domiciled till about the beginning of the century.
Two years after his return the conditions of the country had under-
gone a great change. Its population had been nearly, if not quite
doubled by the arrival and settlement of American Loyalists, the
* The subject of this nienioir usually wrote his name Howe. His father's was
always How. — [Ed.]
t See mamorial of his widow to George IV., 1828, in Nova Scoti t documents
It is highly probable that he was p, protege, of Sir William — not a volunteer.
356 HISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS.
principal men among whom were in education and manners generally
superior to the older settleis ; and were eager to assume a front place in
the administration of local and general public aflFairs. A general election
was about to take place, and already three Loyalist candidates were in
the field, when Captain Howe determined to contest one of the seats for
the county.
It is an interesting study to trace the development and progress of the
spirit of rivalry which now began to exist between the old and the more
recent settlers — a rivalry that continued to prevail for nearly, if not
quite a half century (1783-1830), or until the amalgamation and inter-
fusion of the parties by marriage and other causes obliterated the
ancient marks of variance. This election struggle affords a fine example
of the warmth which characterized this feeling. Howe, as we already
know, was of a family which had resided in the Province years before
the advent of even the old Massachusetts settlers of 1760, and was
himself a native. He ran in opposition to David Seabury, the Loyalist
colleague of Thomas Barclay. Two other Loyalists of culture and ability
were candidates for Gmnville and Annapolis — Benjamin James for
the former, and Colonel Stephen De Lancey for the latter. Robert
Tucker, M.D., the Slier ff, was a Loyalist, and though he may not have
exercised undue or illegal infiuence, it is certain that his sympathies
were with his brother Loyalists, and against Howe. In the face of all
the influences exerted against him, influences derived from the wealth,
education and elan of the men who had fought for the Mother Country
during all the bloody war of the Revolution, it would indeed have been
a matter of surprise if he had been successful. Another element of
defeat was his long previous absence from the county. Seabury was
returned, but Howe claimed the seat and petitioned against the return.
The grounds on which the complaint rested do not appear, but, after a
patient hearing, the Assembly declared the election void and the seat
vacant, and ordered a new election, which took place the same year,
1786. This new struggle was attended with great heat and excitement,
Mr. Barclay addressed a letter to his chief friends and supporters in the
country, urging them to strain every effort to return Seabury. The
letter was addressed to Messrs. Totten, Dickson, St. Croix, De Lancey,
Lovett, Prince, Pineo, Thorne and Cornwall. After complaining against
the action of the Assembly and declaring that " the majority of membera
appeared to have come determined, right or irrony; to vacate the election,*
he adds : " Matters being thus circumstanced it calls forth all our
exertions to support our interest, and we shall deserve our fate if we
• Mr. Barclay was nmdu to apologize to the House for these words. I am
indebted to a file of Shdbiirnt newspapers, for 1780, foi' the text of this letter. Ihe
file referred to may be seen in the Nova Scotia Historical Society's Collection,
ALEXANDER HOWE. 357
permit Captain Howe to carry his election." In another paragraph he
says: "Colonel De Lancey must again revisit Digby and every man that
has interest there. Mr. St. Croix and the Messrs. Ruggles must attend
to Wilmot and send word to Colonel and Lieutenant Robinson to have
the mountain people down ; " and he concludes with these words :
" What a shame it will be to lose our election, and how great a right
will the Province at large have to ground their opinion on if Captain
Howe should again be returned." This letter bore date December, 1785,
and the election was soon to take place. Every efl'prt was made and
Sheriff Tucker again returned Seabury as duly elected, and again Howe
petitioned against the return. On the meeting of the Assembly a
resolution was moved declaring that the return should be amended by
inserting Howe's name therein instead of Seabury's, which was carried
by a majority of two to one, and thus the struggle ended.
It was at this session of the House, June, 1789, that Mr. Barclay
was ordered to apologize to the Assembly for words used in the letter
from which I have quoted. The precise words complained of were those
I have italicized above.
The impeachment of the Judges in 1787, on moti(m of Mr. Millidge,
and the part taken by Mr. Howe in the spirited debates that ensued,
have been related in the memoir of Mr. Barclay,
In 1791 Mr. Howe was collector of imposts and excise at Annapolis,
though he resided in Granville, as appears from a letter addressed to Mr.
Bulkeley, dated from that place, October 28th, in which he says :
" Mr. Clark * has joino<l me and we shall proceed in the further prosecution of
His Excellency's directions, with fegard to tlie h/avk people that may rohintarily
choose to remove to Sierra Leone.t By this day fortnight at furthest, in consequence
of my advertisement (which I am h:ij)|)y to find is almost literally what is the first
part of His Excellency's in tlie pa|n'rs), wo sluill be able to ascertain the numlxsr,
provide tlie tonnage and provisions, and send them off by the middle of November,
or tlie 2l8t at furtliest. After Monday I shall despatch Mr. Clark to Digby, and
join him myself as hmu as our Courts % are over. We have wrote to Governor
Carlton and sent thence a transci-ipt of oar instruction as far as it rehites to him."
In the following year (1792) he seems still to have lived in Granville ;
indeed there is a letter extant svhich affirms the fact, and speaks of his
farm, which was that now, o ud for many years past, known as the Gesner
Farm. It is .said by tradition that his political opponent, Seabury, once
owned the same property, and that it was purchased from him by Mr.
Howe. The letter to which reference has just been made, was addressed
* This was Job Bennett Clark, afterwards of Sidney, C.B., where he died about
the year 1814.
t Several cargoes of negroes were transported at the public expense, and by their
own consent, to this African colony at this time.
X Mr. Howe was at the time a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
358 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
to the Provincial Secretary, and was concerning the removal of the
negioes. In it he says he has charged one pound per day for the services
in that matter, which if His Excellency thinks is too much, may be
reduced, and he affirmed he " would rather have His Excellency's appio-
bation than any pecuniary compensation," but he adds, with much ndwe.tk,
that he was " never so nmch in want of money, my Jamaica attorneys
not having made any returns for several years." From this it is plain he
pos.sessed an interest in some plantation in that island.
At the general election, which occurred near the close of 1792, Mr.
Howe was again a candidate, and a successful one. (Jn the meeting of the
new Assembly his old opponent Barclay was chosen Speaker, but whether
he was opposed by Howe, as on a former occasion, I do not know.
His parliamentary life and labours came to a close in 1799. His
public career as a representative, therefore, covers the space of thirteen
years, 1786-1799. It is to be regretted that n<j extended reports of the
speeches of members of this period have come down to our times. Judging
from the shreds of correspondence and fragments of speeches which have
survived to the present day, he seems to have been a gentleman of very
considerable culture and intellectual power, and tradition still assures us
that he was esteemed for a humcane and kindly disposition, and amiable
social qualities. His connection with the county terminated in 1797 or
1798, though he continued to represent it in the Assembly until 1799.
He removed to the capital, where he was for some time charged with the
management of the Maroons. Shortly after the beginning of the century
he received the appointment of Assistant Commissary-General in Prince
Edward Island, and was made a member of the Council there. These
positions he held until 1811, when he resigned them both and returned
to this province, taking up his residence in the town of Dartmouth.
Before his departure from the Island he was presented with the following
address, which is here given as an illustration of the high estimation his
social and official conduct had gained for him during his residence there :
"Sir, — The many year^ you have resided here have afforded us ample opportunity
of forming a just estimate of your private and public character and conduct. The
test of time has stamped both with a value that cannot be effaced from our recollec-
tion. In your private situation we lose a kind-hearted friend, a sensible acquaintance,
and a cheerful companion.
" In the public capacity as a member of His Majesty's Council, the Island will
be deprived of those serviceable talents, of that firm aid, experience, and support, of
that excellent knowledge in colonial legislation which, for a long series of years,
has so justly and deservedly drawn forth the unanimous encomiums of this com-
munity. Your wish, so often reported, in the fulness of your heart, of making this
Island your constant home, «nd of ending your days with us, has made that lively
impression on our minds, which sentiments so kindly expressed justly merit, and
renders your departure the more to be lamented.
ALEXANDEIl HOWE. 35U
" We cannot concliule without expreHsing our liini liopo tluit your long Bcrviccs
will not bo ullowe<l to go unrewiinled, and thut you will still meet witli a renninera-
tion fromOovernniunt, suttiiiiently ample to nuike the evening of your days glide on
with oaNc and (.oinfort. Wishing you and your family every happiness and
prosiMjrity, we remain with sincere regard and e.steem, etc., etc."'
To this rather incoherent, fjrandiose and ill-written, but warra-liearted
and friendly address, wliich was signed by George Irving, High Sheritl'
of Prince Edward Island, on behalf of the inhabitants, Mr. How mtide
the following neatly expressed and appropriate reply :
"Okntlkmen, — The kind and honourable testimony yoin- a|)probation bears of
my public and j)rivatc conduct, since my arrival in this Island, is truly gratifying
to mo, and for which I give you my most sincere thanks. I assure j'ou, gentlemen,
that your very kindly sentiments on the subject of my departure are, and ever sliall
be, indelibly impressed on my heart ; while it beats I will retain the affectionato
respect I feel for a society in which I have lieen treated with the greatest kindness
and hospitality, and with which it would be my pride, as well as my wish, to live.
"Circumstances having taken place by which I am obliged to quit the Island, I
lea 'e you witli unfeigned sorrow, wisliing your families every happiness that can be
liestowed on the n' ml favoured subjects of the Almighty's care.
" With my most earnest pr-iyer for the prosperity of tiiis Island, and all its
inhabitants, I have the honour to rti^a'n, with affectionate regard, etc., etc.
"(Signed), Alkxa.nder Howe."
He married Margaret Ann Green, daughter of Harry Green, and
granddaughter of Benjamin Green, the first Provincial Treasurer, by
whom he had several children — three of whom survived him. Of these,
one son was educated at King's College, Windsor, and was a class-mate
of the late K.v. John Millidge, LL.D. His name was Richard John
Uniacke Howe. Soon after leaving college he entered the military service,
and became a captain in the 81st regiment. In 1838 he married, at
Ilfracombe, ii: Devonshire, Judith, daughter of Thomas Benson, Esq., of
Cockermouth, Cumberland, and retired on half-pay in 1840. Of the
two other children no particulars have been obtained, even their sex
remaining unknown to me.
He died in Dartmouth, in January, 1813, in the sixty-fourth year of
his age. His widow, who survived him thirty three years, died in the
same town, at a very advanced age, in 1847. An interesting relic of this
lady was in 1 882 in the possession of Mrs. Edwin Morse, of Bridgetown,
in the form of an arm-chair which is known as " Madam Howe's cliair "
to this day. It was probably purchased at the sale of Howe's effects, on
his removal from the county, by Mrs. Morse's father, who was a
neighbour.
360 IIISTOIIV OK ANNAPOLIS.
IIKNIIY HlJTnKKI'OlM).
I7»;» 17)M», I71H) 1H(MI, lH(Mi ISOH.
'I'liii ^ontlt^iriaii whh ii Ijoyalinti uIim Hi-ttl<t<l in tin* town of l>i)<l>y in
ITK.'i, whom lin hocaiiKi a proiiiiiM'iil, and itnt<!r|ii'iHin>( nioroliaiit. No
partioulai'H art- nxtant concctriiing liiH lifo and d(iin;{H ix-font IiIh advnnt
t<* tlic I'rovincn. 'I'liat. Iii^ waH |)|'()h]mm'(Mih as a trader and popidar as a
man after Ids Hottlt^UKMit hen; is certain ; and it is also true tliat lie was a
man of ^ood edtKNition, and possessed of average altility and considoraWIn
individuality of (diarauter.
lie was first elt'ctttd to a seat in tlin Assernlily for tlie t()wnshi[) of
|)i;{l>y at the general (dection of I7!)>'{, liavin;{ Ween (tiiosen in the place of
Thomas Millid^n, wlirxxi this occasion, with .lames Moody for a (lollea^ue,
sought and obtained the seats for tlio county. Mr. Rutherford was,
therefore, the second ntju'esentativif of the township of l)ij^hy. I>uring
the lirst session of this Assendtly he introduced a measure foi- " Regu-
lating thn Kerring Fishery of Annapolis and J)igl)y," a bratxth of
industry much pri/.<*d liy him, and iti the prosecution of which he was
actively engaged.
Mr. Rutherford was one; of the contractors for the construction of tlio
road leading from I>igl>y to Sissihoo (now VVt^ymouth), in I7HH, under
John Warwick, Thr>mas (lilberl, and .le.sse iloyt, who wore the com-
missioners for the work. In I7!)D he was again a candidate for the
township of Digby, and had the honour of again being chosen its repru-
sentativo. During the. seven following years be <lischarged the duties
incund)ent upon his honourable position, to the satisfaction of his con-
stituents. Throe years previously, he, with Moody and Millidge,
M.P. F's, potitioiuMl the Assend)ly in relation to lands at Digby, setting
forth auKmg other matters, that " in I 7(»5, 125,000 acres of lan<l were
granted t(» Colonel McNutt and associates, by the natne of Conway ; that
Sebastian Zouberbuhler was one of the grantees, and the only one whose
assigns made improvcunents ; that this grant had never been recorded ;
that in I7H4, a grant of 100,000 acres out of the McNutt grant passed to
three hundred and i>ne persons without escheat first had ; Amos Botsford
had been the agent to assign to each of these grantees his proper share,
not to interfere with the improvements ; and that after the removal of
the said Botsford tf» New Brunswick, the Reverend Kdward Brudenell,
John Htump and John Hill were appointed in his place ; that this l^)ard
of Agents had assigned to others than grantees portions of the said grant
by lot and number, without set bounds ; that many of the said grantees
have gone to other countries and made no improvements, und that those
now in possessi(m, not named in the grant, have no sort of title," and
IIKNHY IlirilKllFoHI). ',U\\
Mr. Iliitln'ifunl, f licri'forn, iiNkcfl leave to hiiii^ in a liill to " <^uief.
I'osseHHioiiM of Ijaiuls ill |)i^l)y."* lie liad tJie |)leasui'e t.n sne tJiJH
iiiipui'taiit. ineiiNure (larrieil to a HiiceeHHfiil isHiie.
Sliditly after lie introduced a liill for rej^ulatiii^ the exjiorfcation " of
red, or Hnioked lieri'in^H.'' 'Tliis ineaHure had refer'eiure U> the now faini^d
" DiKhy eliiokeiiM," tiie curing and exportation of whifili still eoiititiueH to
he a lu(M'ativ)> intluHtry. In IHOI he waH one of tho (MxiiniiHHionerH for
the ex|)enditiire of money on the road from hi^hy '" H<''ir River.
KliHlia iSiidd and Isaae llatlield weie IiIh fellow <;ommiHHionei-H in this
work. On the 'J7tli .lime, IHO.'J, he inlroiluced a hill t^» provide for the
maintename of a lighthouse at "the f;ut," and another to i-nahle tho
inhaliitants of the town of l>iK'>,V '<> improve the puhlie eominon.
In IHOt'i Mr, Hutherford was for the third time a candifiate for lefjis-
lativ(! honours, hut. on this occasion he soii^dit one of the seats for tho
county. Thomas IMtchit* was his i;oll(ta^ue in this election, and they
were liotli returned. lie did not, however, live lon)^ to enjoy his success,
for in May, IHOH, the name of Fhineas Lovett (colonel) appears (m the
roll as M.P.I*,, rire Hutherford (Im'xn hhU. lie, tlx^rcifore prohahly die<i
in 1807.
Mr Kutherfonl |)layed no mean part in his position as a lej^islator.
I)uriri),{ the sixtei^n ytNii's of his service in that ca|)acitry, he sat in an
Assembly whicli (tan lioast of a list of names distinguished in t.he annals
of thc( Province. Harciay and Millidge, Uniacko and Alexander Ifowe,
were www whose ahility and culture were far Ix^yond the limits of medi-
ocrity, and a half century passed away lieforo their phuJC's hecanu! tilled
with their «!(juals ; and thou;;h, perhaps, inferior to tliese in mon; showy
(pialitios, the Huhject of this memoir may he fairly classed as their e<|ual
in practi<;al (.food sense, in sound judgment, and in reco>,fni/.ed intej^jrity of
purpr)se and action. He was a mi^rchant, larj^ely interested in the Wttst
Indian trade, in wliich, it is l»eliev(*d, hn was tolerably successful. He
had 8ev«ral children, though th»» niinm, I believe, has become extinct in
tlie community which owes so much to his useful and ac^t.ive lite. David
Hutherford, one of his .sons, was living in Digby in 1825, and another
son, Dennis, was tliero in IH"JI. One of his daughters married the late
John F. Hughes, a merchant of Dighy, and loft fiescendants, some of
whom, it is believed, are still to be found in that county. Another
(hiughter, Mary, married the Ilov. Cyrus Perkins, Hector of Annapolis,
und left deHcendunts here.
• Heo nianiiH(!ri|>l in ArcliivuM for 178(1.
•
302 msTouY OF annapolis.
JAMKH MOODY.
l7tt:M700.
[F'or Ihu iiinjnr {lortion of tlio iiiitlior's cxteii(lL'<l Nketch of tliJH gontlcnian, I will
HuhMtitiili^ llio 8iil>jt't:t'H own niirriitivc or autol)iograi)hy, writU'ii in I7S'2, aiul now
vi<r,v riiru, tliu uutlior not having l>ut>n aMf to liml a i^opy of it, liiit quoting it largely
at aeconillianil from SaWinu'it " LoyalixtH." I am inili'btud for tliu opportunity of
perUHing ami tranHi'ril)ing it to tlie (.'ourtii.sy of Mrs. Margarot J. liingay, widow of
tlif latu ThoniaN \'an HuHkirk liingay, Ks<|., Marrister, uf Vurmoiitii, the grcat-
graiiililaiightcr and oldest living duHcendant of Liuuteuant Moody. — Kr>.]
Lieut, Jamks Moody's Narrativk ok his Kxkutionh and Siiffkiunus
IN TiiK Cai'hk ok the Govkunment since the yeau 1770.
Choice ami plan it would seem, have seldom much influence in deter-
mining either men's characters or their conditions. These are usually
the result of circumstimcos utterly without our control. Of the truth of
this position, the writer's own recent history affords abundant proofs.
Seven years ago, few human events seemed more improbable thair that
he, a plain, contented farmer, settled on a large, fertile, pleasant, and
well-improved farm of his own, in the best climate and happiest country
in the world, should ever beat his plowshare into a sword, and commence
a soldier. Nor was it less improbable that he should ever become a
writer, and be called upon to print a narrative of his own adventures.
Yet necessity and a sense of duty, contrary to his natural inclination,
soon forced him to appear in the former of these characters ; and tlie
importunity of his friends has now prevailed with him to assume the
latter.
When the present ill-fated rebellion first broke out, he was, as he has
already hinted, a happy fanner, without a wish or an idea of any other
enjoyment than that of making htiftpy and being made happy with a
beloved wife and three promising children. He loved his neighbours,
and hopes they were not wholly without regard for him. Clear of debt,
and at ease in his possessions, he had seldom thought much of political or
State questions ; but he felt and knew he had eveiy possible reason to be
grateful for, and attached to, that glorious constitution to which he owed
his security. The first uneasiness he ever felt on account of the public,
was when, after the proceedings of the first Congress were known, he
foresaw the imminent danger to which this constitution was exposed ;
but he was completely miserable when, not long after, he saw it totally
overturned.
The situation of a man who, in such a dilemma, wishes to do right, is
trying and difficult. In following the multitude he was sure of popu-
larity ; this is always pleasing, and it is too dearly bought only when a
JAMKS MOODY. 3(i»
mmi ^ivt's up for it tlin approlxition of his own (;(iiiHint>ti<!«\ ITh fonmaw,
in its fullest forcr, that torn'iit of rrprojioh, insult and injury \vhii!li Im
vftiH Huni t«) draw down m hinisolf aiui iiis family l>y a contrary conduct ;
nor d(X)s hn wish to deny that for »on»o tinm these overawed and sta^j-
gered him. For himself he f<>lt but little; hut lie had either too much
or t(M> little of the man ahout him to hear the seeing of his nearest and
deurcHt relatives disj^raced and ruiiu'd. Of the points in dehato h«twpen
the pariMit State and his native country, ho pretended not to he a com-
petent judf^t^ ; they wei'e studiously so pu/./led and perplexed that he
could come to no other conclusion than that, however real or great the
grievances of the Americans might bo, rebellion was not t!ie way to
redress them. It rotjuires, nioreovor, but little skill to know tliat rebel-
lion is th(> foulest of all crimes, and that what was begun in wickedness
must end in ruin. With this conviction strong upon his mind, ho re-
solved that there was no ditficilty, danger or distiesa which, as an
honest man, he ought not to undergo, rather than see his country thus
<lisgraced and undone. In spite, therefore, of his incapacity, in spite of
disinclination — nay, in spite oven of concern for his family — with the
most ardent love for liis country, and the warmest attachment to his
countrymen, he resolved to do anything and to be anytliing, not incon-
sistent with integrity — to fight, to bleed, to die — rather than see the
venerable constitution of his country totally lost, and his countrymen
enslaved. What the conscijuences of this resolulion have been, it is the
intention of the following pages to describe.
The facts now to be related liave many of them been occasionally
published in the New York papers, but in a state so mutilated and
imperfect as rather to excite than gratify curiosity. They are here
brought together under one view in a connected narrative, and set down
just as they happened. It is not pretended that all his adventures are
here related, or that all the circumstances of those related are fully
enumerated. It would be impolitic and dangerous for him to recount at
large all his various stratagems ; it would be bai-barous and base to
divulge all the means by which he has sometimes effected his almost
miraculous escapes. But were it otherwise, nothing can be further from
his aim than to make a pompous display of any supposed merit of his
own. As to the truth of his principal facts, he appeals to sundry certi-
ficates and affidavits now in his possession ; nay, he further appeals to
every officer of every rank, who has either lately served or is still serving
in America. Yet after all, from the nature of the case, the credit of
some parts of this narrative must rest upon his own authority, which, he
believes, will not be questioned by those who are acquainted with his
character.
Of the true causes that gave birth to this unhappy quarrel, Mr. Moody
SiH IIIMTOHY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Im unwilling to givo uny opinion. H<> is no itoliticiiin ; (in<l, tlit'nifor«<, l>v
no inttiinH (|uiiliti)t<l to n'ronoiit* the coiitnidii'tory iisscrtions iinil armi
intMits of tilt* contonding imrtios. This only, iis an individuiil of tlmt
dt'itiiption of pt'opin of whom the j^rwitost part of ^^vt^ry community must
consist, ho thinks it incumlmnt on him to declare that it did not originato
with the /ifnf>/r (if America, properly so called. They felt no real griev-
ancHH, and therefore could have no inducement to risk substantial advan-
ta}(Rs in the pursuit of such an were only imaginary. \n making this
declaration, he is confident he speaks the sentiments of the great majority
of the peasantry of Amt^rica, Hut in t^very country there are multitudes
who, with little property and perhaps still less primiiple, are always
disposed, and always eager for a change. Such persons are easily
wrought upon, and easily persuaded to enlist under the banner of
pretended patriots and forward demagogues, of whom also every country
is surticiently prolific.
In America these popular leaders had a set of men to assist them,
who inherittfd from their ancestors the most rooted tlisliko and antipathy
to the constitution of the parent State ; and by means of their friendly
co-operation, they were able to throw the whole continent into a state of
ferment in the year 1774, and maddened almost every part of the
country with association.s, committees and liberty-poles, and all the
preliminary apparatus necessary to a revolt. The general cry was ".loin
or die I " Mr. Mo(Kly relished neither of these alternatives, and therefore
remained on his farm a silent but not unconcerned spectator of the black
cloud that had been gathering, and was now ready to burst on his
devoted head. It was in vain that he took every possible precaution
consistent with a good conscience not to give offence. Some infatuated
associations were very near consigning him to the latter of these alterna-
tives, only because neither his judgment nor his conscience would suffer
him to adopt the former. He was perpetu:illy harassed by these com-
mittees ; and a party emjiloyed by them once actually assaulted his
person, having first flourished their tomahawks over his head in a most
insulting manner. Finding it impossible either to convince these
associators or to be convinced by them, any longer stay among them was
useless, and an attempt made on him soon after made it impossible. On
Sunday, March 28th, 1777, while he was walking in his grounds with
his neighlwur, Mr. Hutcheson, he saw a number of armed men marching
toward h's house. He could have no doubt of their intentions, and
endeavoured to avoid them. They fired three different shots at him, but
happily missed him, and he escaped. From this time, therefore, he
sought the earliest opportunity to take shelter behind the British lines,
and set out for this purpose in April, 1777. Seventy-three of his neigh-
bours, all honest men of the fairest and most respectable characters,
.lAMKS MOOhY. 80ft
nreonipiinii'd liitn iti this r(>tn>ut. 'riit'iiiiircli wiih long unci (liinKorotiH.
Tlicy wen* rt'|M'iit»'(lly uniioycil nrxl iissiiiillfil, iirul once tln-y wore UM<l<'r
the noeeMsity of cMjiniii)^ to un enj^iij^fnifiil witli ii icIm'! imity ironsiileiiihly
8U|>«4i'iur in niiinl)*!!-. Men cireiunNtnnn'il im ho urxl his friendH were,
ooul<l want no iir^unifntN to iminiate tlieir excrtioiiH. 'Die iittiii^k whh
sharp, l)ut the FioyiiliNtH were siuieesstul, thi^ cneiny Kivin>; way, leavinj(
tiioui at liherty to purHUe their route unnioh'stetl. The whole (Mtinpany,
four only excepted, arrived Mate at Uergen, wlier*' they joined Lieutenant-
Colonel Harton's hii^ade. A tt^w whose professions were calculated to
render theni useful in that department, jointtd the en^ii^'ers.
In June following Mr. Moixly and Mr. Kutcheson went privately
alnrnt Heventy mileH into the country to eidist tin* friends of government.
They enlisted upwards of fiv»! hun<lred men. The Itritish army, then at
Urunswick, was expected itmnei'iately to march through New ilersey.
Mr. .MoiHly and his friend:> had tlieir agi tits [)roperly placed to give them
the earliest infoiination of the army's moving, when their plan wan to
disarm the disall'ected and gtMUM-ally arm the loyal. Let the reader then
judge of tlieir mortification when, whilst their adluM-ents were high in
spirits and conHdi>nt of their ahility, at oiii* blow, as it were, to have
crushed the rebellion in New Jersey, they were informed that General
Howe had evacuated the Province, and was gone to the southwaid.
Notwithstan<liiig this discouragement, Mr. Moody antl !iis party still
continued in tlui country agreeably to their instruotion.s, in the liope
that .some opportunity would still present itself to annoy the rebellious
and to assist the loyal. But no such opportunity offering immediately,
tliey soon received orders to join the army with the men they had
enlisted or could enlist.
In consecjuence of these instructions they set forward with about
one hundred Loyalists (not more than that numl)er, from the change of
prospects, were then to be prevailed upon to leave their own country ;
or if it had l)een otherwise the time was too scanty, being not more than
forty-eight hours to collect them together, which it must be obvious was
to be done only with great .secrecy and caution), on a march of upwards
of seventy miles, through a well-inhabited part of the Province. The
rebels pursued them ; and after several skirmishes at length came upon
them with such force near Perth-Amboy, that they were obliged to give
way and disperse. More than sixty of the party were taken prisoners ;
eight only besides Mr. Moody got within the British lines. These
prisoners, after being confined in Morristown jail, were tried for what
was called high treason, and above one-half of them were sentenced to
die. Two, whose names were Hiss and Mee, were actually executed, the
rest having been reprieved on condition of their serving in the rebel
army. The love of life prevailed. They enlisted, but so strong was.
3(i6 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
their love of loyalty at tlio same time that, three or four excepted, who
died under the hands of tlieir captors, tliey all very soon after mfide
their escape to the British army.
On comparing the number who had at first set out with him, with
those who, after being taken, had returned to him, Mr. Moody found that
on the alarm, some had escaped ; and some also, who had been taken and
released being still missing, he concluded that they had gone back to
their respective homes. This induced him to return without delay into
the country, and he came back with nineteen men. Convinced that
there were still many more, on whom g6od advice and a good example
might have their proper influence, he again went out and brought back
with him forty-two young nen, as fine soldiers as are in the world ; some
of them had just escaped from jails where they had been confined for
their loyfilty. All these he was happy enough to conduct safe to the
king's army. From this time he continued with his battalion till 1778,
having just before been made an ensign.
In the beginning of May, 1778, he was ag«"n sent into the interior
parts of the rebel country, with orders to re nain there as long as he
could, to render such service to the Government and its friends as he
should have an opportunity for, and more especially to obtain precise
intelligence from Colonel Butler then Siupposed to be at Niagara. He
employed a trusty Loyalist to go out to Colonel Butler, who fell in
with him between Niagara and Wyoming, and was with him at the
reduction of this last-named fortress ; and afterwards along with another
of Mr. Moody's men (who. having been driven from him in the disaster
just related, had gone back, and stayed with Colonel Butle'* all the
winter, as the only place of safety he cou J find) he returned .vith the
necessary information, with which they all went back and reported tiiem
at headquarters. In this interval Mr. Moody took prisoner a Mr.
Martin, chief commissioner in thcat district for the selling of confiscated
estates, a man remarkable for his spite and cruelty to the friends of the
Government. It was very mortifying to Mr. Moody to have this man
rescued from him by a large body of the militia after having had him in
his custody about forty-eight hours. But he relates with pleasure that
this incident had a good effect on this furious oppressor, inasmuch as hia
behaviour to his loyal neighbours was ever after much more mild and
humane
On June lOtii, 1779, an opportunity of rendering some service to his
country now offering, having first requested Mr. Hutcheson and six men
and some guides to be of the party, he marched with sixteen of his own
men from Sandy Hook to Shrewsbury. They eluded the vigilance of a
rebel guard, and gained a place called the Falls. Here they surprised
and took prisoners, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major and
JAMES MOODY. 367
two captains, with several other persons of inferior note, and without
injuring any private property destroyed a considerable raiigazine of
powder and arms. With these prisoners, and such public stores a.s thty
were able to bring off, Mr. Hutcheson was charged, whilst Mr. Moody
brought up the rear with his sixteen men to defend them. They were,
as they liad expected, soon pursued by double their number and over-
taken. Mr. Moody kept up a smart fire on his assailants, checking and
retarding them till Mr. Hutcheson with their booty got ahead to a
considerable distance. He then also advanced, making for the next
advantageous station, and thus proceeded from one spot to another, still
covering the prisoners, till they gained a situation on the shore at i^lack
Point where the enemy could not Hank them. But just at this time the
pursuers were reinforced with ten men ! So that they were now forty
strong. Mr. Hutcheson with one man crossed the inlet, behind which he
had taken shelter, and came to Mr. Moody's assistance, and now a warm
engagement ensued that lasted for three-quarters of an hour. By this
time all their ammunition, amounting to upwards of eighty rounds of
cartridges, was expended, and ten men only, three of whom were
wounded, were in any capacity to follow their leader to the charge. The
bayonet was their only resource, but this the enemy could not withstand ;
they fled, leaving eleven of their number killed or wounded. Unfor-
tunately, Mr. Moody's small but gallant party could not follow up their
blow, being in a manner utterly exhausted by a long harassed march, in
weather intensely hot. They f- und the rebel captain dead, and their
lieutenant also expiring on the Heiu. There was something particularly
shocking in the death of the formei . Hr was shot by Mr. Moody whilst,
with the most bitter oaths and threats of vengeance, after having missed
once, he was again levelling his piece at him. Soon after this *aigage-
ment one of the party came forward with a handkerchief flying from a
stick, and demanded a parley. His signal was returned, si','nifying the
willingness of the Loyalists to treat with him ; and a truce was speedily
agreed upon, the conditions of which were : That they should have leave
to take care of their dead and wounded, whilst Mr. Moody's party was
permitted, unmolested, to return to the British lines. Happily none of
the wounds .which any of his men received in this expedition proved
mortal. The public stores which they brought away with them (besides
those which they had destroyed) sold for upwards of £500 sterling, and
every shilling of this money was given by Mr. Moody to the men as a
small reward for their very meritorious conduct.
About the middle of October following, Mr. Moody was again sent
into the interior parts of the rebel country to obtain intelligence respect-
ing Washington's army. He succeeded, and his intelligence was com-
municated to General Pattison. Again about the middle of November
368 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
he WJ18 desired to find out the situation and circumstances of an army
under the reljel General Sullivan, which had lately been on an expedition
to the westward against the Indians. Accordingly he went eighty miles
into Pennsylvania, close by Sullivan's camp, and obtained an exact
account of the number of men and horses with which he went out from
Easton on this Indian expedition, and the number also that he returned
with.
From thence he went to Morris County, where Washington then lay
with his army. And here he had the good fortune to obtain from their
own books an account of the rations which were drawn for them. He
next went to Pumpton, where General Gates then was, <m his march
to the southward, and here also lie gained the exact information not only
of the amount of the force then with him, but the number that were
expected to join him. And now having pretty well gone through the
business entrusted to him, he returned to New York, and continued there
till next year.
In May, 1780, he took with him four trusty men, and went into the
rebel country with the intention of surprising Governor Livingstone, a
man whose conduct had been in the most abandoned degree cruel and
oppressive to tl.<i loyt ' inhabitants of New Jersey. When with all neces-
sary secrecy, Mr. M'X)dy had got into his immediate neighbourhood, infor-
mation was recei\ ed that Mr. Livingstone was gone to Trenton to meet the
Assembly ; and cha;< on his return he was to see some persons on business
at au appointed r'-'ce. This made it necessary for the ensign to alter
his measures, as he did immediately. He led his party into Sussex County
and there lef' iM"in, himself only retiring to a proper situation till his
plan should be ripe for execution. Being under the necessity of again
returning into Sussex before anything could be done, he had the mortifi-
cation to fid that one of his men had been taken prisoner by a rebel
major of the name of Hoops, who extorted a confession from him that
Moody was in the country, and as he imagined in quest of some person
of note, who lived near Morristown. This blasted the whole project ;
the intelligence was instantly sent to Livingstone, who justly concluded
himself to be the person aimed at, and of course took every precaution to
prevent a surprise.
Still, however, Mr. Moody flattered himself he should yet be more
fortunate, and do something notwithstanding the alarm that was now
spread through the country. The first plausible thing that offered was a
plan to blow up the magazine at Suckasunne about sixteen miles back of
Morristown; but this also proved abortive, for notwithstandiiig his having
prevailed on some British prisoners, taken with General Burgoyne, to
join him in his ^^nterprise, the alarm was now become so general and the
terror so great that they had increased their guard around this magazine
.JAMES MOODY. .S69
to the nuinber of one huiiihed and upwartis, so that lie was under the
necessity of abandoning his project.
Returning again into Sussex County, lie now heard tliat several
prisoners wei-e contined on various suspicions and charges of loyalty in the
jail of that county, that one of them was actually under sentence of death.
This poor fellow was one of Burgoyne's soldiers, charged with crimes of a
civil nature, of which, however, he was generally believed to be innocent.
But when a clergyman of the Church of England interposed with his
unrelenting prosecutor, and warmly urged this plea of innocence, he was
sharply told, that though he might not perhaps deserve to die for the
ci'ime for which he had been committed, there could be no doubt of his
deserving to die as an enemy to America. There was .something .so
piteous as well as shameful in thq case of this ill-fated victim to repub-
lican resentment, that it was determined, if possible, to release both him
and his fellow-prisoners. For this purpose Mr. Moody took with him six
men ; and late at night entered the county town about seventy miles from
New York. The inhabitants of this town were but too generally
disaffected. This suggested the necessity of stratagem. Coming to the
jail, the keeper called out from the window of an upper room and
demanded what their business was. The ensign instantly replied : " He
had a prisoner to deliver into his custody." "What! One of Moody's
fellows?" said the jailer. "Yes," said the ensign. On their inquiring
what the name of this supposed prisoner was, one of the party who was
well known by the inhabitants of that place to be with Mr. Moody,
personated the character of a prisoner, aiid spoke for himself. The jailer
gave him a little ill language ; but notwithstanding seemed highly
pleased with the idea of his having so notorious a Tory in his custo<ly.
On the ensign urging him to come down and take charge of the man, he
peremptorily refused, alleging that in consequence of Mootly's being out,
he had received strict orders to open his doors to no man after sunset,
and that therefore he must wait till morning. Finding that this would
not take, the ensign now changed his tone ; and in a stern voice told
him, " Sirrah, the man who now speaks to you is Moody ; I have a strong
party with me ; ami if you do not this moment deliver up your keys, I
will instantly pull down your house about your ears." The jailer vanished
in a moment. On this Mr. Moody's men, who were well skilled in the
Indian war-whoop, made the aii" lesound with such a variety of hideous
yells as soon left them nothing to fear from the inhabitants of New
Town, which though the county town, consists only of twenty or
thirty houses. "The Indians ! the Indians are come !" — said the panic-
struck people ; and happy were they who could soonest escape into the
woods. While i'^ ^e things were thus going on, the ensign had made his
way through a casement, and was met by a prisoner, whom he immediately
24
370 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
employed to procure liim a light. The vanished jailer was now again
produced : and most obsequiously conducted Mr. Moody to the dungeon
of the poor wretch under sentence of death.
It may seem incredible, but it is an undoubted fact that notwithstand-
ing all the horrors and awfulness of iiis situation, this poor, forlorn, cim-
demned British soldier was found fast asleep ; and had slept so sound as
to have lieard nothing of the uproar or alarm. There is no possibility of
describing the agony of this man, when on being thus suddenly aroused,
he saw before him a man in arms, attended by persons whom, though they
were familiarly known to him, so agitated were his spirits, he was utterly
at a loss to recognize. The first and the only idea that occurred to him
was, that as many of the friends of government hud been privately exe-
cuted in prison, the person he saw was his executioner. On Mr. Moody's
repeatedly informing him of his mistake, and that he was come to release
him in the name of King George, the transition from such an abyss of
wretchedness to so extravagant a pitch of joy had well-nigh overcome
him. Never before had the writer been present at so affecting a scene.
The image of the poor soldier, alternately agitated with the extremes of
despair and rapture, is at this moment present to his imagination, as
strong almost as if the object were still before him ; and he has often
thought there are few subjects on which a painter of taste and sensibility
could more happily employ his pencil. The man looked wild, and
undoubtedly was wild and hardly in his senses, and yet he laboured,
and was big with some of the noblest sentiments and most powerful
passions by which the human mind is ever actuated. In such circum-
stances it was with some difficulty that the ensign got him away. At
length, however, his clothes were got on, and he with all the rest who
chose to avail themselves of the opportunity were conducted into safety,
notwithstanding a warm pursuit of several days. The humane reader,
Mr. Moody persuades himself, will not be less affected than he himself
was at the mournful sequel of this poor soldier's tale. In the cour.se of
the war he was again taken, and again conducted to the dungeon, and
afterwards actually executed on the same sentence on which he had been
before convicted, though he left the world with the most solemn assevera-
tions of his innocence, as to any crime of which he had been accused,
excepting only an unshaken allegiance to bis sovereign.
A few other particulars respecting this ^ oor man, who, though but a
common soldier in a marching regiment, was in all the essential and best
parts of his character a hero, the writer cannot excuse himself from the
relation of. His situation and circumstances in the rebel country being
peculiar, Mr. Moody not thinking it proper himself to return thither so
soon, took the earliest means lie could to have him conveyed safe to New
York. But no arguments, no entreaties, could prevail with him to leave
JAMES MOODY. • 371
his deliverer. " To you," .siiid lie, " I owe my life ; to you, and in your
service i^t me devote it. You have found me in circumstances of ignominy.
I wish foi an opportunity to convince you that you have not heen mis-
taken in thinking me innocent. I am, and you shall find me a good soldier."
It was to this fatal but fixed determination that lie soon after owed the
loss of his life.
When he was brought to the place of execution, the persons who had
charge of him, told him they had authority to promise him a reprieve, and
they did most solemnly promise it to him on condition only that he would
tell them who the Loyalists in the country were thsvt had assisted Moody.
His reply was most manly and noble, and proves that real nobility of
character and dignity of sentiment are appropriated to no particular rank
or condition of life. "I love life," he said, "and there is nothing which
a man of honour can do that I would not do to save it ; but I cannot
pay this price for it. The men you wish me to betray must be good men
l)ecause they have assisted a good man in a good cause. Innocent as I
am, I feel this an awful moment ; how far it becomes you to tempt me
to make it terrible, b}' overwhelming me in the basest guilt, yourselves
must judge. My life is in your power ; my conscience, I thank God, is
still my own."
Another extraordinary circumstance is said to have befallen him,
which as well as the preceding Mr. Moody relates on the testimony of an
eye-witness yet living. Though he was a small and light man, yet the
rope with which he was suspended broke. Even still this poor man's
admirable presence of mind and dignity of conscious innocence did not
forsake him. He instantly addressed himself to the surrounding multi-
tude in the following words : "Gentlemen, I cannot but hope that this
very extraordinary event will convince you, of what I again solemnly
protest to you, that I am innocent of the crime for which you have
adjudged me to die." But he still protested in vain.
The supposed crime for which he suflered was the plundering and
robbing the house of a certain furious and powerful rebel. But it would
be unjust to his memory not to certify, as Mr. Moodj' does, that he has
since learned from the voluntary confession of a less conscientious Loyalist
that this honest man was charged wrongfully ; inasmuch as he himself,
without the knowledge of the other, on the principles of retaliation and
revenge, had committed the crime. The name of the above-mentioned
honest soldier and martyr was Robert Maxwell, a Scotchman, who had
had a good education.
Not long after, obtaining information of the British army's moving
toward Springfield, Mr. Moody concluded that the campaign was open.
There appeared no way in which, with his small party of seven men, he
could be more useful than by securing as many as he could of the rebel
872 ' HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
militia. Accordingly, it was not long before he contrived to take
prisoners, a major, a captain, two lieutenants, and sundry committee men ;
in all to the amount of eighteen,
Some requested to be paroled, and the ensign complied with their
request ; because it was not only reasonable and humane, but l)ecause
also it left him at liberty to pursue fresh objects. Some requested to
take the oath of neutrality and it was not less willingly administered
to them.
The rebel part of the country was now again in an alarm, and the
ensign was again pursued and sought, according to the strong expression
of Scripture, " as a partridge in the mountains." But, " wandeiing in
deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth," by the
blessing of God, he still eluded all their researches. At length, however,
being under a necessity of returning to New York he collected a few
more of Burgoyne's men ; and ha\ing now augmented his party to
thirteen he set out for that capital. But his former good fortune now
forsook him ; and he himself was soon doomed to feel all those bitter
calamities, from which it had been the object of his exertions to extricate
others.
On the 21st of July, 1780, it was his ill-hap to fall in with an army,
which the rebel General Wayne was conducting to the siege of the
block-house, commanded by Captain Ward, llesistance was vain, and
retreat impracticable. Mr. Moody and the greater part of his men were
now obliged to submit to captivity.
He and two of his men were immediately sent to a place called the
Slots, where they were confined with their hands tied behind their
backs. On the 22nd they were removed to Stony Point, and on the 23rd
to Colonel Robertson's house at West Point. The rebel General Howe,
who commanded at this post, treated Mr. Moody with great civility, and
permitted his servant to attend him. From thence, he was sent to
Fishkill, to the rebel commissary of prisoners, who passed him on to
./Esopus. At .^sopus he remained till the 2nd of August ; when in the
night he was put into a strong room, guarded by four soldiers, two within
the door and two without. The sergeant in the hearing of the ensign,
gave orders to the sentinels who were in the room with him, to insist on
his lying down on a bed, and instantly to shoot him if he attempted to
rise from it. On this he requested and insisted to see the commissary.
The commissary came, and was asked if these orders were from him.
His answer was : "The sergeant had done his duty ; and he hoped the
men would obey their orders." Mr. Moody remonstrated, and urged that
it was no uncommon thing with him to rise from his bed in his sleep ; he
recjuested therefore only, that if he should happen now to be overtaken
with such an infirmity, the men might be ordered to call him by hia
JAMES MOODY. 373
name, and at least to awake him before they fired. All the answer he
could obtain from this tyrant minion of tyrant masters, was a cool and
most cutting repetition of his former words.
After having twice more changed the place of his confinement, on the
10th of August he was carried back to West Point. And here his
sufferings seemed to be but beginning, for the cruelties he experienced
under the immediate eye of General Arnold, who then commanded there,
infinitely exceeded all that he has ever met with Ijefore or since.
Nothing can be further from Mr. Moody's wishes than to become any
man's accuser, but no man should be afraid either to hear or to tell the
truth, which is of no party, and should be observed by all. Humanity is,
moreover, so lovely and so necessary a virtue, especially in times of civil
war, that Mr. Moody owns he is proud and loves to acknowledge and to
praise it even in an enemy ; of course, he must lament and reprobate the
want of it, though in his best friend. Under new masters, it is hoped.
General Arnold has learned new maxims. Compelled by truth, however,
Mr. Moody must bear him testimony that he was then faithful to his
employers, and abated not an iota in fulfilling both the letter and the
spirit of their general orders and instructions.
Mr. Moody feels this to be an unpleasant part of his narrative. It is
with pain he pursues it. May it be permitted him then to give the
subsequent part of it in the words of an affidavit taken in the Judge
Advocate's Office in New York, from the mouth of William Buirtis, who
was confined for his loyalty in the same prison witii Mr. Moody :
"JuiKJK Ahvocatk's OFFirE, Nkw Youk, Miiy 11, 1782.
" This day personallj' appeared William Buirtis, n Refugee from the County of
West Cheater, in the I'rovinoe of New York, but now residing on York Island, in
the province aforesaid, and being <luly sworn on the Holy Kvangelists of Almighty
God, deposeth and saith :
"Tluit some time in tlie montli of August, 1780, he (tiie de})onent) was confined
in a dungeon at West Point Fort, under sentence of death, having been (charged with
giving certain intelligence and information toOoneral Mathew, one of His Britannic
Majesty's generals serving at that time in America. That about the middle of the
month of August aforesaid, Lieutenant James .Moody, of Brigadier-General Skiimer's
first battalion, was brought under guard, and confined in the same dungeon with
him (the deponent) ; that the daj' following he (Lieutenant Moody) was put in irons
and handcuffed ; that the handcuff's were of a particular sort and construction,
ragged on the inside next the wrist, which raggedness caused his wrists to be nnich
c.it and scarified ; that soon after he (Lieutenant Moody) was ironerl and handcuffed
an officer came and demanded his money, saying, he ' was ordered to take what
money he had, and should obey his orders piuictually ; ' that the money was not
delivered, as lie, Lieutenant Moody, was resolute in refusing, and determined not
to give it up. He (Lieutenant Moody) then petitioned General Benedict Arnold, at
that time in the rebel service, and commanding officer at West Point, to grant him
relief ; in which petition he set forth the miserable situation he was in, as also the
874 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS,
torment ho siifferod, occasionoil by tho handcuffs ; to which petition he received no
answer, though lie was told by two otticers in tlie rcl)el service his petition had been
delivered to (Jenond Arnolil.
" That about a week, after his first petition had been sent, ho petitioned a stcond
time for relief from his Muffcring, reciuesting moreover that he be brought to trial,
observing that if he shoidd be found guilty of death he should desire to suffer, as
death was nuic)'. preferable to torment, aiul being nuii'dered by inches. Some little
time after the delivery of the second petition, oiu; of (Jeueiul Arnold's aide-de-
camps, whose name he (the deponent) cannot recollect, came to the dungeon ; and
un seeing him (Lieutenant Moody) asked if that was the Moody whose name was
a terror to every good man ? On his replying that his name was Moody, he (the
Aide-de-Camp) replied in a scoffing manner, ' You have got yourself into a pretty
situation;' on his (Lieutenant Moody's) saying the situation was disagreeable, but
he hoped it would not be of long continuance ; he answered he believed not, as ho
would soon meet with justice (pointing at the same time to a gallows that was
erected in the sight and view of the dungeon) ; aiul also added, there is the gallows
really erected, which he (meaning Moody) had long merited. Lieutenant Moody
answered, he made no doubt he (the Aide-de-Camp) wished to see every loyal
subject hanged, but he thanked (Jod, the power was not in him ; but if ho
(Lieutenant Moody) was hanged, it could be for no other reason than being a loyal
subject to one of the best of kings, and under one of the best of governments, and
added, if he had ten lives to lose, he would sooner forfeit the ten, as a loyal subject,
than one as a rebel ; and also said, he hoped to live to see him (the Aide-de-Camp)
and a thousand such other villains, hanged for being rebels. Tho officer then said
he was sent to examine his irons, as he (Lieutenant Moody) had been frequently
troubling General Arnold with his petitions. On examining the irons, he said 'they
were too bad,' and asked who put them on ? saying ' irons were intended for
security, not for torment ; but if any one merited such irons, he (Lieutenant Moody)
did, in his opinion.' Lieutenant Moody, however, was not relieved at that time
from his irons ; but about a week or ten days afterwards, an officer came from
General Washington, ortlered the irons to be taken off and Lieutenant Moody to be
better treated. In consequence of General Washington's order, he was better used ;
that he (the deponent) knows nothing further that happened, as he (Lieutenant
Mootly) in a few days afterwards, was removed from that place.
" William Buirtis.
" Sworn before me at the time and place above mentioned.
"Richard Porter,
"As. Dy. Judge Advocate."
The above-mentioned dungeon was dug out of a rock, and covered with
a platform of planks badly jointed, without any roof to it ; and all the
rain which fell upon it immediately passed through, and lodged in the
bottom of this dismal mansion. It had no floor but the natural rock ;
and the water, with the mud and filth collected, was commonly ankle
deep in every part of it. Mr. Moody's bed was an old door, supported
by four stones so as just to raise it above the surface of the water. Here
he continued near four weeks ; and during most of the time, while he was
tormented with irons in the manner mentioned above, no food was
allowed him but stinking beef and rotten flour, made up into balls or
JAMES MOOUY. 375
dumplings, whicli went thrown intu u kettle and boiled with the miat and
then brought to him in a wooden bowl wliicii was never washed and
which contracted a thick cust of dougli, grease and dirt. It is a wonder
that such air and such focMl, to say nothing of the wounds upon his legs
and wrists, were not fatal to him, especially as the clothes on his back
were seldom dry, and at one time were continually wet for more than a
week together. After Mr. Washington interfered he was served with
wholesome provisions, and ho was ailowetl to purchase for himself some
milk and some vegetables.
The ways of Providence are often mysterious, frequently bringing
about its ends by the most unlikely means. To this inhuman treatment
in (ieneral Arnold's camp, Mr. Moo<ly owed his future safety. On the
1st of September he was carried to Washington's camp and there confined
near their Liberty-pole. Colcmel Skammel, the Adjutant-General, came
to see him put in irons. When they had handcuffed him he remonstrated
with the colonel, desiring that his legs, which were indeed in a worse
condition than even his wrists, might be examined, further adding only,
that death would be infinitely preferable to a repetition of the torments
he had just undergone. The colonel did examine his legs ; and on seeing
them he also acknowledged that his treatment had indeed been too bad,
and asked if General Arnold htul been made actjuainted with his situation.
Mr. Moody feels a sincere plousure in publicly acknowledging his
obligations and his gratitude to Colonel Skammel, who humanely gave
orders to the Provost Marshal to take good care of liim, and by no means
to suffer any irons to be put on his legs, till they were likely to prove
loss distressing.
Mr. Moody attended the rebel army in its march over the New Bridge,
and had an opportunity of observing their whole line and counting their
artillery. Everything seemed smooth and fair, and he felt much at ease
in the prospect of being sotm exchanged, when very unexpectedly, he
was visited by an old accjuaintance, one of their colonels, who informed
him that he was in two days' time to be brought to trial ; that Livingstone
was to be his prosecutor, and that the court-martial was carefully picked
for the purpose. He subjoined that ho would do well to prepare for
eternity, since from the evidence which he knew would be produced
there was but one issue of the business to be expecteil. Mr. Moody
requested to be informed what it was the purpose of this evidence to
prove. It was, his well-wisher told him, that he had assassinated a
Captain Shaddock and a Lieutenant Hendrickson. These were the two
officers who had fallen fairly in battle near Black Point, as has been
already related. The ensign replied that he felt himself much at ease on
that account as it could be sufficiently cleared up by their own people,
who had been in and had survived the action, as well as by some of their
U70 HIHTOIIY i>V ANNAI'OI.IS.
offlcera, who wen* at thn tiiim prisoiit'rs to him, iiiui s|)ectatorH of tlie
whole affair. " All this," said iiisfrionfl, " will he of littU^ avail ; you are
M(» ohnoxiou.s, you havi> het'ii and ar« likely to 1«* so iiii.sohievouH to us,
that 1)0 assured we are rosolvod to get rid of you at any rate. Besides,
you cannot dt^ny, and ii van he proved hy ineontestihie evidenc(», that
you have enliste<l men in tliis Statt^ for the kinj^'s 8«!rvice, and this hy
our laws is death."
Ensij;n Moody affected an air of unconcern at tiiis information, hut it
was too serious and important to him to he really disrej^arded. He
resolved therefore, from that moment, to effect his e.scape or to perisli
in the att(Mnpt.
Every precaution liad lieen taken to secure the place in which he was
confined. It was nearly in the centre of the rehel camp. A s«^ntinel
was placed within the door of his prison, and another without, hesides
four others close around and within a few yards of the place. The time
now came on which he must either make his attempt, or lose the oppor-
tunity for ever. On the night, therefore, of the 17th of Septemher, husy
in ruminating on his project, he liad, on the pretence of heing cold, got a
watch coat thrown across his shoulders that lie might hetter conceal
from his uni)lea8ant companion the operations which he meditated
against his handcuffs. While he was racking his invention to finrl some
po.s8ihle means of extricating liiniself from his fetters, he providentially
cast his eye on a post fastened in the ground, through which a hole had
been bored with an auger, and it occurred to Iiim it might be possible
with the aid of this hole to break the bolt of his handcutis. Watching
the opportunity therefore from time to time, of the sentinel's looking
another way, he thrust the point of the bolt into the above-mentioned
hole, and l)y cautiously exerting his strength and gradually bending the
iron backwards and forwards he at length broke it. Let the reailer
imagine what his sensations were when he found the manacles drop from
his hands ! He sprang instantly past the interior sentinel, and rushing
on the next, with one hand he seized his musket and with the other
struck him to the ground. The sentinel within, and the four others who
were placed by the fence surrounding the place of his ctmfinemcnt, imme-
diately gave the alarm, and in a moment the cry was general : " Moody
is escaped from the Provost." It is impossible to describe the uproar
which now took place throughout the whole camp. In a few minutes
every man was in a bustle, every man was looking for Moody, and multi-
tudes passed him on all sides, little suspecting that a man whom they
saw deliberately marching along with a musket on his shoulder could be
the fugitive they were in quest of. The darkness of the night, which
was also blustering and diizzly, prevented any discrimination of his
person, and was indeed the great circumstance that rendered his escape
possible.
JAMKS MOODY. :J77
hut no Hiiiall ditliculty ntill remained to 1k' Hurmountod. To prevent
desertion, wliicli at that time was very frecjuent, Washington liad
Murrotinded liis cainj) witli a chain of Mcntineis, jiostfd at alxtut forty or
fifty yards' diMtance from eaeh other ; ln' was una(M|uainted with thtur
Htations, to pass them undiscovereri was next to impossil)le, and to be
discovered would certainly We fatal. In this dilemma Providence aj;ain
befriended him. lie had ;^ained their station without knowing it, when
luckily he heard the watchword passed from one to Hiu)ther— " Look
sharp to the chain, Moo<ly is escaped from the Provost ! " From the
sound of the voices he ascertained the respective situations of these
.sentinels, and throwing himself on his hands and knees, he was liappy
enough to crawl through the vacant space between two of them unseen
l)y either. Judging that their line of j)ursuit would naturally be toward
the British army, he made a detour into tlie woods on the oj)posite side.
Through these woods lie made as much speed as the darkness of the
night wouhi permit, steering his course after tlm Indian mannei- by
occasionally groping and feeling tlie white oak. On the south side the
bark of this tree is rough and uni)leasant to the touch, but on tht; north
side it is smooth, hence it starves the sagacious traveller of the desert by
night as well as by day for his compass. Through the most dismal
swamps and woods he continued to wander till the night of the 21st, a
space of more than fifty-six hour.s, during which time he harl no otlier
sustenance than a few beech leaves -which of all that the woods
art'orded were the least pernicious to the health and the least unpleasant
to the taste — which lie chewed and swallowed, to abate the intolerable
craving of his hunger.
In every inhabited district he knew there were friends of the Govern-
ment ; and lie had now learned also where and how to find them out,
without endangering their safety, which was always the first object t)f his
eoncern. From some of these good men he received minute information
how the pursuit after him was directed, and where every guard was
posted. Thus assisted, he eluded their keenest vigilance : and at length
by God's blessing, to his unspeakable joy, he arrived safe at Paulus
Hook.
On the fith of March, 1781, Colonel De Lancey, the Adjutant-General,
recjuested Mr. Moody to make an expedition into the rebel country for the
purpose of intercepting Mr. Washington's despatches. He readily con-
sented ; and set out on the expedition the very next night and travelled
about twenty-five miles. The following day he and his party kept concealed
in a swamp. The next night, for it was only by night they could venture
to stir, they had not gone far when tlie man who had undertaken to be
their guide refused to advance a step further. No arguments, no promises,
no threats, could prevail with him to proceed, though it was at his own
878 IIISTOKY OF ANNAI'OI.IS.
ox|iroMH (h'sirc tluit lie wiih oiui cif the jiinty. Itiofiisod iit his lM'inj{ so
pfrviMMfi iiitd wi«)ii;{ hfiulcd, Mr. Moody in tlio first trHiis|M»rtM of liis
indi^iiiitioii liiid lU'tuiilly iMukt-d iiis ^uri in ordi>i- to xiioot iiiin, hut
liiippily lin instiintly i'<>c-ol looted that the piHtr devil had a wife and family
who depended on liiin tor hi'ead. This restrained him ; and ordering hin
arms to l>e taken from him, he waH under the painful necessity of
returning with him to Now York.
This man was remarkably earnest and Nolit^ment in liiH resentment
against the reln-ls. Me had heen much injiii'ed hy them in his property,
and they had also put his father and his liiother to an ignominious death.
It was natural to suppose, therefore, that such a man would he true and
firm. Hut ho was loyal uidy through resentment and interest, not from
convicti(tn and principle. These Loyalists from principle were the men on
whom ho relied and no one of these ever failed him. The Adjutant-tieneral
Hoomed to he much disappointed on seeing the party rt;turn, supposing the
hope of. ohtaining the de.spatclies to he now vain. Mr. M(H)dy informed
him of what had happened, hut added that he hiui ever since kept his
eye on tlie renegade, an<l had iu)t sutt'ered a soul to speak to him ; and
reiiuested that this caution ^ihoulci ho still continued, and that ev(!n the
sentry who was to guard him should not be permitted to have any inter-
course with him. On this condition he promised again to make the
attempt and hoped not without success. Accordingly he set out a second
time, and on the night of the 10th ho reached the l^lavorstraw mountains.
On Ilia nuirch he was informed that the post had gone by that day. On
the 11th the weather became very inclement, and he, with his party,
suflered exceedingly from a heavy fall of snow ; notwithstanding they
pushed forward, hoping by rapid marches to get ahead of the rider. These
efforts, though excessively fatiguing, were as yet all in vain ; but on the
15th they were successful and got possession of their prize, and after
some equally difficult and distressing marches on their return, they at
length arrived safe with it in New York. The inexpressible hardships
which the party underwent in this luiventure, both from hunger and cold,
were fatal to the health of most of them. Soon after Mr. Moody was
made a lieutenant, having first served more than a year as a volunteer
without any pay, and almost three years as an ensign.
Almost the middle of May the Adjutant-General again complained of
the want of intelligence, and told Lieutenant Morjdy that he could not
render the king's cause a more essential piece of service than by bringing
in if it were possible another rebel mail. There was no declining such a
solicitation. Therefore on the night of the 15th, taking four men with
him, Mr. Moody set out and travelled twenty-five miles. Hitherto he and
his associates met with no molestation ; but they had not gone far the next
night, when they perceived a considerable party of men approaching them
JAMES Moonv. 'M\f
iiH H^cretly (i.s poxnihly. Mr. MiHxIy tri«>(I to j(»>t oM" by the I«ft., but ho
f()iiti(i hiinst'lt' and hin imrty enclosed on tliriMt sidt's. On tht> li^ht wa.s ii
hi^h cliiVof riirks, so ni^;;iHl luid Ntt'cp that th*; tMicniy thought it iinpossil)!)'
for tlioni to csciiiM' on thu.t Midi'. It was obvious, tVoin thi'st* circunistatUM's,
that an ambush was hiid, and that this spot, so peculiarly convnniont woh
(;hosi>n for th<> purposit : in sliort that Mr. MimmIv and his party had b«>)>n
ht'traynd liy intrili;.,'('nft! sent forward from Ni'w York. Th«) only alti-r-
nativ»» li'ft was to surrendfr and parish, or to Imp down from tho top of
theRP rocks without knowing with any ceitainly cither h(»w hij{h they
w(Me, «)r what sort of j^round was at tiie bottom. The lieutenant bado
his men follow him, and sprang forward. Providentially tlu; ground at
the bottom was soft, aii<l everything else just as they could have wished
it; they escaped unhurt and proceeded for some time unmolested. Hut,
at tu) great distance ci'ossing a swamp, just In-yond it they fell in with
another party, of much the same nuiiilM'r as the former. Luckily they
saw, iviid wer<^ not seen. A little hillock was at hand to which the
lieutenant ordered his men (piickly to rc^treat, and fall on their faces ;
judging that in case they were discovered, then^ woulil be some advantage
in having to charge from higher ground, by which means if at all they
might cut their way through tho party. What he and his int'n felt, when
they beheld so superioi- a force marching directly towarfl them, till at last
they were withiti fifty yards ; or whi-n ii. this awful momenithey had the
happiness to see them, without being discovt^recl, take another course, no
person of sensibility will need to be toltl. A litth! council of war was
now held, and i*^ was determined to return whither only the way seemed
clear. To advance was impracticable, as tliere now could remain not a
doubt but that intelligence of th(! intended route had been sent from
within tlie British lines, and that the enemy had made a proper use of it.
They began, therefore, with all possible caution to measure back their
steps, for they were still apprehensive of other plots antl other ambushes.
And now having gained the North River, and being within four miles of
New York they flattered themselves they were once more out of danger.
But being within a hundred yards of a certain house, how were they
alarmed when they saw seventy men come out of it, and advance directly
toward them ! Lieutenant Moody was convinced they were rebels ; but the
guide insisted that they were Loyalists, and that he knew several of them.
On this the latter with anotlier man went forward to meet them, notwith-
standing that the former still persisted in his opinion. A very unpleasant
salute soon convinced this unfortunate duumvirate of their mistaken con-
fidence. The main body made for the lieutenant, who had no other
means of escape than to climb a steep hill ; but long before he reached
the summit, they had so gained on him as to be within fifty yards. He
received one general discharge, and thought it little short of a miracle
.'IMO MISTOUV Oh' ANNAI'OMH.
tliul. III! i'H(:i\]H'(\ iiiiu'itniiiltMl. 'I'Im! liiillifl.H fli^w lil<i< a Htidiii of liiiil nil
ai'Miiiid liiiri ; liin cIiiIIh^m wiwi^ Hliot, iJiroii^li in Hi^vtwiil pliu-cH ; (iiii^ liiill
wt'ril. llii'oiii^li Ihh liiil, hikI iiMolJicr uni/.i-ii IiIh iii'iii. VV'il.liMiil. nt, nil
Hlacki^riin^ IiIm |i.ii'c Im- (.iirri<M| iiriiiiinl iiml iliHi'liar'^nii IiIm riiuHl<i!(., and l>y
lliin mIkiI. Itillcil iin<Mii' liis pui'Hiior'H ; Hl.iil IIh'V l<<'|>t. tip (.Immi' lim, nacli man
iliH(;liai't;iii;^ liin iijccr rh ftmi iin \w I'liiild load ; hut .;aiiiint{ an oj)porl unity
of Moon doiil)lin|{ upon IIk-iii, Ik^ ^avi- llii-ni tJi<- »ilip, and in diif l.ini<!
arrived oim;)- inor)! miiIV in Nnw York. Oin- of l-jji' two men who liad
• ■M('apcd, and ^ol in (iiMt,, iniKl.akin^ l.lu' HrrnaniM of t.ln> poor fallow wlio
waH hIioI, for lliomi of i.iculcnant. M<»ody liiniHi^if, liad /^ivcn <iul. lliiil, l.lni
iiciiriMianl wiiH killi-fl, for ln' had lnwird liin crii-^ ; Iml. llin friondH of
I he lallrr wiM'fi Hoon happy l.o Kcdno uiu'ipii vocal a proof Jhal, (hi- man wart
iiiiHtakcn.
Tlir very liiHl nif^'hl. after hin ret urn to Nrw V<»rk, an ahovc ri'laU'd,
vi/,., on I. In- |H(h of May, LicuLi-nanl Moody net. out aj(ain on the liunin<'HH
of iJiiH cxprdiljon. Till' rr-lx-Kt knew I. hat. Ik* hail lii'rn di i vi-n hack, and ho
thou|{hl. it. the propcrcHt tiini- to proceed inuiie.dialely in piirMuit of IiIh
olij(!ct. On that ni^jht, wit.h his Hinall party of four men, he f^ot, an far iiH
HeceiicaH, The next iii^dit. tJiey croHHed the llaekenMack Itiver hy nieaiiH
of a canoe which Lieutenant, Moody alwayM kept, there for hiicIi purpoMCM,
and which aft,er croHHin^ Ik; coiK^ealtMl uiil,il hi/i rel,urn lie then proceedtid
on I, ill comint; to the edj^eof a niar,tli, he fell in wit.h a party of rehelH, who
were patrolling' in that, ipiarler, wit.h a view only, it, in proliahle, of inter
eeptin^ the country |)eop!e who mif^'ht he carryin>< proviMioim i,o New
N'ork. This party diMcovered the lieut.enant, firsi, wit,lioiit l>ein;{ Keen, and
Hull'ered him to piiHH t-lieir van, not. hailin;» him t.ill Home of them were in
hin r'ear, a.H well as Home in Imh front,. He was inntaiilly ordered to Htand,
or he and all with him were dead men. Thin hi.,.'imonH the lieutenant
answered hy an iinmediat,e dinchar^e which thi-y ri;t.urned. lie t.lien
eallini^ on liin rear t.o arlvance, an if he had a lar^e liody in renerve,
and t^ivin^ a Hecond fire they noon dinperHcd. lie wan informed the next
day, t.liat thin rehel party con'iiHt.ed of twelve men.
Marching on alioiit four iiiileH fart.her, he (;anie to Saddle River, which
it was neceH.'iary to cro.sH ; hut ap|»rehenHive t.liat. there ini;{lit. he a j^iiard
HlJitioned at. t.lie lirid|{e, though the ni^ht, wiih diMmally dark and rainy,
and the river lia<l j^reatly overflowed itn liaiikH, im waded forMcveial yardH
throu^di a eoiiHidi^rahle dept.li of water, t.ill he ^ot cloHit Ui the liridf^e,
where he Haw aM he had feared a regular ^iiard. On IhiH he, retreated with
all poHHihIe Hpeed and caut.ion ; and was ohli^ed to wade lhrou;{li the
fiver ahout half a mile farther up, not without, much diflicwity and
dan({er.
The eoinit,ry hein;^ now niufili alarmed with rumours of Moody'n heirip;
out, occiiHioned liy tliJH lit.t.le rencontre, the mail iiiHtead of heiiig Hent
.lAMKH MOOKV. .'{Ml
Ity l'()rii|il.<iii, iiH il. iiMiially liiul Iu-imi, iiriil wli<-i'<- il. w«im cxiicitt.iMl (,0 Ixi mi-l,
wi(,li, wiiH iiiivv Hi'iit, li\ l.lii- liiick rniiil willi 11. ^iiiinl l.o Hmirif il. On
(liw.'ovci'iii;^ l.liJH, l.lir- liiMilriiiuilr i|cH|iiil.(;li<i(i fi Ij'iiHl.y liiiyiiliMl. Id 11 iliHhitil.
piu't, of IJm^ I'l'iiviiK'M wilJi l(iU.i!i'H 1.0 IiIh frifiidH, and |iarl.i(Miliii'ly ilii'i'(;l.in^
ont' of IImmii wIkihi' ikthoii, I'l'i^Mtr and vnicir miohI icMi'Mdilcd IiIh own, do
(laMK I'lir liiin liiil, a ^liii^'lr limir ; vvliidi lie it-adily did. In IIiIm IVi<>nd'M
tiiii^liltiHii'linod lived a |ii)in|iiiiiM and irn|i<it'lanl. jinilji')- ut' (lie iiracc, wlm
waH a riiwai'dly If^llosv, and i»l' (•((iifHf had liccn rrni-|. A I. iJiin niniiH
liDiiHi-, I'arly in iJie cNcnin^, IIh' |ii'i'Hiiri i'Mi|iliiyfd iiuMi-d an alarm. '\'\n:
jdMl.jrr raiM"' nut,, and '•Hpyin)', as il. wan intcndi'd In- Hlioidd, a lall man,
Id.H i'l-ai'M )'<invin('i-d liim il< wtiH Mnddy ; and lie inMl.anl.ly Im-I.i)uI< liimMi'lt'
1,(1 llid wuimIm. Tin- ni'xl, day I. Ik- inmunr wan n>'Hi-vn\ l.lial. Mfiody was in
l,lial, |iai'l< i)t' llic ('>iiinl,i'y ; and I, In- militia wan l)riiii;.dil, down i'luni lli<- |i/irl,
wlii'ir ln" I'eally wan, to piirsin- liim wlicif in- wan not,. 'I'lii^ rai-ilil,a.l(!d
t,lMi (wiptui'' of tin- mail, wliicli lie \v/iylaid for- live dayn licfocc I, lie o|i|ior
l.iinil.y [)i'r'H(?nl,<'d. Tlii.'i mail ronl,ainrd idl llic di'M|)al,cli('H I, hat, were himiI,
in conHtMinence of the inlcrview htrtwrcn <IiMii'i'al \V'aHliin;.M,on and iJic
(/'oiinl lt.orhainl»-aM in < 'onni'rlii'iil .
Li<iiit,()tiatit. Moody canned l.wo olJicr mii.ilH to lie l,al<i-n hy I, he |ico|ili'
iiiidoi' liJH diri'i'l.ion. In one of IIicmi' lilt,!)' i-xpeditionH liiH lirolher com
mandcd, a youn^ niao wIiohc fcailcHH coiifn.j^e iti the very t.ect.h of danger
lie had repcal.cdl y wilncHHcd. The yoiin^^'er .Moody Hiiceeeded in his
al,l,eni|it,, HO fat' an to int,ei'i'e|il I, he mail, hut, afl,i^i' nei/.in;^ il he wan
iil,la<;l<ed liy a nuperior pai'l y and l.wo of his men were t,al<en ; yet, he
liiiiiHelf had I, he ^ood foi't,une to eneape with that, pai'l, of t,he papt-r'M
whieli wii.M in hin own cuMtody. I'eniiHylvania wan the Mcciire of (.IiIh
(ftlt.OI'pl'iHO.
A till** far inoi'e inelarK^holy t,lian any yet, celaled eomen now to he told,
t/lie i'e(!olle(!t,iori of whieli (and il, i.n irirpoHHihJe l,hii,l, he nhoiild evec foi'^el,
it,), will foe ever- wiin^ with arij/tuinh the heacl, of I, he, writer <(f thin nar
raliv(^ In the end of Oetohei I7H|, Major Ki'ekwil.h, aidtt de eamp t,o
Oeiieral KniphaUHen, iwime and infoi'initd liieui.enaiil, Moody thai, one
Addinon had lieeri with hirii on a, iiroject, of hij^h momenl.. It, was
iiot,liin^ lenn t,han to lirifi^ oil' ihi^ inont, impor't,anl, liool<n and papein of
('on^rerifn. 'I'liiH Addinon wan an I'ln^^linhman, iirid had heen employed irr
M(»rne inftM'ior department, under Mr. 'riiompnon, the ni'erel.(i,ry to the
< !on;,'i'eHH, lie wan t,lien a prinorier, and l,lm plan was t,hat, he nhoiild he
immedial,ely exehan^efj, ret,urM in l.hit UHual irranner l,o I'hilailelphia, and
there n'Hiiintt liJH old employini^ril . 'I'll)) lieut.onant, wan ahutidant.ly careful
and (tvnn HcriipulouH in IiIh irii|iiirii!H coiicitrriiiiK tlit; tnaii'M charact.iu-, on
which head Major Heck with ex|)r'(»HH(^d t.lie moni, <Mil,irc cMtididence, and
ohMiirvdd thai, Adilinon wan ctjually ciiiitioun rnnpcclinj^ the ciiaraotur of
thoNH wlio were to attoiid him.
3S2 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
The matter was of importance, and Lieutenant Moody was confident
that, tliough it might be ditlicult to perform his part of the business, yet
it was not impracticable. He resolved, however, as Addison might think
him an object worthy of betraying, that he should not be informed of his
consenting to be of the party. And if any person did inform liim of it
he was to say the least, very imprudent. The lieutenant pitched upon
his only brother, of whom some mention has already been made, and
another faithful American soldier, for this arduous enterprise. Their
first instructions were to wait on Addison and to bind him as they them-
selves had been bound to mutual secrecy and fidelity by an oath, which
the lieutenant had always administered to his followers in all his expedi-
tions, when the importance of the object rendered such an additional tie
necessary, and which as it clearly shows the principles of honour and
humanity on which it was his uniform pride and purpose to act, he begs
leave here to subjoin, and it is as follows, viz :
"I, the uiulersigned A. B. ,do solemnly swear on the Holy Evangeli.sts of
Almighty God, that I will stand by and be true to the persons joined with me in
this expedition, and do everything in my power to accomplish the purposes of it ;
and I do further swear, that in case of our taking any prisoners I will endeavour to
treat tiiem as well as our situation will admit of ; and I do fui'ther swear, that in
case any accident shouhl happen to me, and that I should be taken, I will not, even
to save my life, discover or betraj' any person joined with nie, or any Loyalist who
befriends us with any information, advice or other assistance ; and I do further
swear, that I will not injure nor destroy any property, even of a rebel, unless it be
arms or ammunition, but faithfully pay the full price of anything we take from them,
if they refuse to sell it ; and I do further swear, that I will not wound nor take away
the life of any person whatever, unless they should attempt an escape when in our
custody, or it shall otherwise be absolutely necessary to our own defence. So help
me, (>od."
After taking this oath, a certain number of nights was agreed on, in
which Addison was to expect them, and a certain place also appointed
where he was to meet them. In such an adventure it was impossible to
be exact to any time ; but it was agreed that if they failed of being at the
place in any of the specified nights, he should no longer expect them ;
and they further promised by proper means to apprise him, if possible, if
any accident should befall them, so as either to delay or wholly put an
end to their project.
Things being thus settled, Addison left New York in due form and
manner, as was generally supposed in order to return to his former
friends and employnient, and at the proper time Lieutenant Moody and
his friends followed him. The manner and circumstances of their march,
it is not material nor proper here to relate ; suffice it to say, that on the
night of the 7th of November, the first in the order of those that had
been appointed, they arrived in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, but
JAMES MOODY. 383
on the opposite aide of the river. Tliey found Addison already on the
spot, waitinn; for them according to appointment. Lieutenant Moody
kept a little back, at such a distance as not to have his person distin-
guished, yet 80 as to be within iiearing of the conversation that passed.
His brother and Marr liis associate, on going up to Addison, found him
apparently full of confidence and in high spirits ; and everything seemed
to promise success. He told them that their plot was perfectly ripe for
execution, that he had secured the means of admission into the most
private recesses of the State-house, so that he should be able the next
evening to deliver to them the papers they were in quest of. They on
their parts assured him that every necessary j)recaution had been taken
to secure and expedite their retreat, and that they had with them a sure
friend, who would wait for them on that side of the river, who as
well as themselves would die by li is side rather than desert him should
any disaster befall them. He replied that they should find him as true
and ff ithful to them and their cause as they themselves could possibly
be. Soon after they crossed the river together to Philadelphia, and it is
probable that on the passage Addison was for the first time informed that
this friend was Lieutenant Moody. Whether it was this discovery that
put it first into his head, or whether he had all along intended it, and
had already taken the necessary previous steps, the lieutenant cannot
certainly say, but he assures himself that every generous-minded man
will be shocked when he reads, that this perfidious wretch had either sold,
or was about to sell them to the Congress.
As the precise time in which they should be able to execute their plan
c luld not be ascertained, it was agreed that Lieutenant Moody should
remain at the ferry-house opposite to Philadelphia till they returned.
On going into the house, he told the mistress of it by a convenient
equivocation, that he was an officer of the Jersey Brigade, as he really
was, though of that Jersey Brigade which was in the king's service. The
woman understood him as speaking of a rebel corps, which was also called
the Jersey Brigade. To avoid notice he pretended to be indisposed, and
going upstairs, he threw himself upon a bed, and here continued to keep
his room, but always awake, and always on the watch. Next morning
about 11 o'clock, he saw a man walk hastily up to the house, and over-
heard him telling some person he met at the door, that " there was the
devil to pay in Philadelphia ; that there had been a plot to break into
the State-house, but that one of the party had betrayed the others, th.at
two were already taken, and that a party of soldiers had just ciossed the
river with him to seize their leader, who was said to be thereabouts.'
The lieutenant felt himself to be too nearly interested in this intelligence
any longer to keep up the appearance of a sick man ; and seizing his
pistols, he instantly ran down stairs and made his escape. He had not
884 IIIHTOKY «>|- ANNAI'OMH.
j^orm II liiiMilrtMl yiirdM fi'rdu tlic Iihiihc wlnsti \ii: hiiw tin- HoldiiTH i-uU-r il..
A Hiiiall |ii('('c of w(i(m| lay licfdi'c liiin in wliicli Ik? Impt'd /it, It-iiHt. Ut lit)
uut of MJ^lit, and lie liad Hpr'nri)^ (Jk? t'l'iicr in oi'drr to rntrr' it,. ISiit it
wuH already lirird liy a parly of liorHO wil.li fi view ot' nit.l.in^ ofl IiIh
rcttfat. 'I'linH Mill rounded, .'ill liopcH of llij^lit wcic in vain ; and to st'ck
for a lii<lin^ piact? in a rli^ar oprn Dcld, MccnirMl i'(|nally uhcIchh, l>rownin|;;
jM'rHonH <;at,(:li at HtrawH ; with liar'flly a liopc of )-H(;apin^ w» iniKtli an a
iiKJinoiit/ lon){<-r iindiscovi^rttd, lid t,liri!W liiinH*;lf flat, on Im'm fa<w in a (lit,<;li,
wliich yet, HcciiK^d of all placi's the IcaHl, calculated for conccalnu'iil, for il
was witliout, weeds or sliriilis and so Mliallow t.lia.l. a <piail nii<.;lit lie Heeri
in it. Once more he had vi-iihou to niorali/e on tli<- vanity of all hniiiaii
contrivance and conCidenee ; yet as Providence ordered it,, the iinprolia-
hilil.y <if the place provcrd the nieariH of his Hemirit.y. lie had lain lhei'f»
hill a few niinnles when h]\ of liin piirsnei-H paused within ten feet of him
and vory diligently examine<i a thickety jiart of the ditch that was Imi a
fesv paces from him. With his iiistolH cocked ho kept his eye c()tmt,ant,ly
on tln^ni, detei'ininiri^ that as soon as he Ha,w himself t(» lir; discovered hy
any one of tJii'in, he would iiist.antly sprinj^ nji, and sell hi.s life as dwirly
(iH jnij^ht he, and refusint; to he taken alive, pi'ovfike, and if ixissilili? fonut,
them to kill him. ()n<te or twice he thought he saw oni; of the soldierH
look at him, and he was on the point of shooting th(^ man ; lull, r<?llecting
that possilily though the 'i<)|di(M' did see, yet he might have tim humanity
not to diHCdver him (hh he would fain hofie was really t\)c case), his heart
Hiriot<! him for his rash resolution, and he thanks dlod that he was
rcHtrained from putting it in ex<M'utioii.
l<'i'(im the ditch they went all around the adjacent field ; and as
Li(nit«!nant MoocJy sometiinfis raised up his hea,d a little he wiw them
fr(!(|uently running their hayonets intd hoiuc small statiks of Indian corn-
foflder. This suggestf'd t/i him an idea, that if lie should escajM? till night,
a filace they ha'l already exploriid would he the securest shelter for him.
When night came he got into one of these stacks. The wind was high,
wliicli pHiventod the rustling <if the hiaves of t,li« foddei- as he cntonMl
i'roin iK'ing heard liy the pc^opie who were at that time passing clfi.se l»y
him into the country in (piest of him. His p<isition in this n-treat was
very uncomfortable, for he could nt^ither sit noi' lie «lown. In this orciot
poHturo, liowovor, lie remained two nights and two days, without a moraol
of fo(Kl, for tlif^re was no corn or' the st,alks, and, which was infinitely
more inUihiralile, without drink, lie niiiHt not relate, for reasons whi(!h
may Im' easily imagined, what he arm', of him immediately after his cimiing
out of this uneasy prison ; hut he \ ill vH;.ti'rG t,n inf<.rm the re(ui(!r that
on the fifth night after his elopem v.i. from the fc-rry houHe, he searched
the hanks of the Delaware till he had the good fortuni! to meet with a
Mmall boat. Into this he jumped, and afte ' waiting a little for the tidv
.lAMKH MnoliV. '.iHit
cif llnuil, wliirli wiiH tii'iiv, \\i' pUHlii'd (iir, aii<| r'ltvvfd a (•otiMidcr'nMfi way up
tlif rivt'C. Ihinun (.his viiyuj^f- he wiih Hovcr'al tiimrH accoslcil \iy jirojihi
on (Ik- wiitfT', Imt. Iiaving I'oiiikI tln' liriii'lll. <if |iiiM.iii^ on a ffarltiHH air,
h(! f'tiiloavonn'd t<i aiiHwcM' iJicrii in l.licir own way, and n'cojlcctjnf^ Hoinn
of (he K'HM [KiliHiicd pliasK'H of ilio ;;fnt,l(!HH'n of fJic ojir, ho used tlii^rn
|ir('lly lilMTally, an<l (Imih whs HidlV'r'i'd t.o pans on iniHiisipi-ct.rd. Indue
t.irrif; he left. Iiin Ixial, and relying on tlir aid of LoyaliHtH, Hoini^ of wlioni
III' i<ncw wcri! rvi'iywlinrn to Im- found, lie went, ifit«> a part «»f (Ih)
<onnl.?y le;iH(. known t(» liiin, an<l llie leiist, likely for liirn to liavf; tlioiit^lit,
of; /itid at. leri;^'tJi, after many (^ireiiiloiiH niai'clieH, all in t.lie ni^ht, and
tJiroii^li jiat.lileHH eourHeH, in about, live dayH he onee more arrived safo
in New York.
All lliewe ed'orts for life wercr dictated, it, wftuld seem, rather hy
iriMlinct than reanon, for oiicupied as his mind had lieen with his own
fhinKers, and his own Hutlorinj^s, he (!an liuly say hin ^reat,«•Hl, uneasiness
was on a(!(!ount of his hrot.lif^r. There was not a ray of liope that he?
could escape, and less, if |)()ssil)le, that he would lir' pardoned. lie was
the son of his olij a^^e to a most worthy and heloved father who had
liiniHfilf l)cen 11 soldier, and who loved and honoured the profn.ssion.
Indeeij, he was a most, amiahle younf< man, as remarkahle for t.hi^ sweet-
ness of his disposition as for his undaunted intrepidit/y. ICxcellent
youth ! lOvery feelin;^ Imarl will for'^ive the (ear which is now dropped
to thy memory hy thy sorrowiti;^ hrr)ther ! Me perishi-d liy an i^^nomini-
oiis death, in thr- t.wenty-third ye;ir of his aj.;e, t.he niiWH of M-hich, as
may naturally he suppoHcd, well nif^h lirou^jht the j.;rey hairs of a vener-
alilt^ father with sor'row to the (;r'ave. It did not indeed innnedialely
cost him his life, hut. it cost him, what/ is more valuahle, Ids reastm.
His fell(»w-pri.4onei' was also sf^nti^ictid t^* deatli ; hut, on making some
pretended discoveries, of no considt^rahle moment, he was reprieve<|.
Lieutenant Moo<iy is H(wiHil)l<! it contains no intVirmation that viui interest
the reader; yet as he prese.rves it as a precious relic. In? persuiwles him-
Hi'M e,v(!ry man who is a brother will forj^ive his insertini^ an extract, or
two from his hnither's last let.ter, dated November 113th, 17H|,from tin-
new jail dungeon, Philadelphia.
1)l':,\li IIhoiiikk, l.i't nil- iiitri'at. yiiii nol l.c» ^^rii^vc iil. my fiit.o, iiiiil \.]u' fiitn of
my lii'iillicr Hiililicr. Itctriiyi'il liy I Im iiiiiii nii wh<ini wir liepi'iiiji'il locxoi'litc the pliiii
pr(i|i<miN| liy (^iptiiiii Hci'kwit li, wi' wcin liiki;i) up as spies, ami liiivc liren tried ami
ciiiKJi'tiini'il anil are U> die tii iiinrrriw. I pray yon t.n furtive liini at I >|ri, iiinl
bawti^iiiii ,Miirr <lo(m also, as fntfily as we liopti to lie forgivi'ii hy our Maker. . . .
One inure ii'ijiieMt I liiivc to iiiiike to yiiii iM, tliiit, taking wainin)^ l»y niy fate, you
will nol, lioreaftei- no olltiii vciitiiic yoiirHelf out of the Hritish lincH. I am in irons,
hut thanks to the AlmiKlity, I Htill havo thn lilxirty of thought and Hpeei;h. (Mi !
may I mnk(^ a gooil ime of them and he pr'tpaicd, as I ought to he, for eternity.
25
886 IIISTOUY OF ANNAPOLIS.
Scntenuu has not Iwon passeil on us above two hours, nil of wiiioh tiiiio I have
cni|iloye(l in prnycr, and 1 will continue to do to the huit moment, and I hlesa Uod
I feel quite cheerful. "
Lieut. Moody cannot in justice close tliis plain and unprotendinji;
narrative, already sj)un out to too jjreat a Icnj^th without bearing his
public testimony, feeble as it may be, in favour of, and returning Ins
thank.s, as he most cordially does, to tho.se brave, loyal Aineiicans, whom
though in the ranks only, he shall always think it the greate.st honour of
his life to have commanded in these expeditions. They were in general
men of some property, and, without a single exception, mt^n of principle.
They fought for what appeared to be the true interests of their country
as well as to regain their little plantations, and to live in peace under a
constitution, which they knew by experience to be auspicious to their
happiness. Their conduct in their new profession as soldiers verifies
their cliaracter ; they have been brave, and they have been humane.
Their honesty and honour have been uniformly conspicuous. It was a
first principle, in all their excursions, never to make war against private
property, and this has been religiously observed. Some striking instances
of their forbearance might be given, if necessary, even when they have
been provoked to retaliate by private wrongs and personal insults.
And here it ought to be mentioned, with the utmost gratitude and
pleasure, that though Mr. Moody in the course of his adventures was often
obliged to put his life into the hands of the Loyalists in different parts
of the country, he never was disappointed or deceived by any of them.
In the year 1777, he continued among them more than three months at
a time, and near as long in 1778. He knew their character, and could
safely confide in them. They were men of such inflexible attachment to
government, that no temptations could induce them to betray their
trust. Though many of them were reduced to indigence and distress,
and they knew that almost any price might be obtained by giving up so
obnoxious a person, yet they were so far from betraying him that they
even ran great hazards in giving him assistance. Surely such merit as
this is worthy of esteem and admiration ; and it is humbly hoped that
the many thousands in the colonies who possess it, will not be deserted
by government, and consigned over to ruin and wretchedness, without
an absolute necessity.
It is with the utmost concern Mr. Moody has heard of the doubts and
debates that have been agitated in England concerning the number and
the zeal of the Loyalists in America. It might be uncharitable, and
possibly unjust, to say that every man who has entertained such doubts
has some sinister purposes to serve by them ; but it would be blindness
in the extreme not to see that they were first raised by men who had
other objects at heart than the interests of their country. Men who
JAMES MOODY. 887
have performed their own duty feebly r)r fiilHely, naturally seek to excuse
tliemselves by tlirowiiifj the lilanio upon others. It would ill becf)me an
obscure individual to obtrude his opinions ; but an honest man may, and,
when he thinks it would serve his country should, relate what he has
seen. The writer of this narrative has already disclaimed all pretensions
to any extraordinary share of political sagacity ; but he has common-
sense, he can see and he can hear. He has had more opportunities than
most men of seeinjj; and hearing the true state of loyalty in the middle
colonies, and he most solemnly declares it to be his opinion that a very
great majority of the people there are at this time loyal, and would still
do and suffer almost anything rather than remain under the tyranny of
their present rulers. Let but the war be undertaken and conducted on
some plan, and with some spirit ; let but commanders be employed who
will encourage their services, and leave them under no a| '>rehensions of
being deserted and betrayed ; and then, if they do not exeit themselves,
and very effectually, let every advocate they have had, or may have, be
reprobated as a fool or a knave, or both together — and let the Americans
continue to feel the worst punishment their worst enemies can wish
them — nominal independency but real slavery.
Perhaps the honest indignation of the writer may have carried him
too far ; but, on such a subject, who, in Aw circumstances could speak
coolly, and with any temper 'I That he speaks only what he thinks, no
man, who is acquainted with him will doubt ; and if after all he is
mistaken, he errs with more and better opportunities of being right than
almost any other person has ever had. He has given the strongest proofs
of his sincerity, he has sacrificed his all, and little as it may be thought
by others it was enough for him, and he was contented with it He
made this sacrifice because he sincerely believed what he declares and
professes. If the same were to do over again he would again as cheer-
fully make the same sacrifice. He trusts therefore it will not be deemed
presumptuous in him to say, that he cannot be decently contradicted in
these matters by any man who has neither had such opportunities of
informing his judgment, nor given such unequivocal proofs of his
sincerity. The writer has certainly no bye-ends to serve, he is not an
ambitious man nor avaricious. The profession of arms is foreign from
the habits of one who has lived and wishes only to live in (juiet under
his own vine and under his own fig-tree ; and he can truly say that if
his Sovereign should be graciously pleased to confer on him the highest
military honours, he would most gladly forego them all to be once more
reinstated in his own farm, with his wife and children around him, as he
was seven years ago.
He has hitherto received but a very trifling compensation for his
services and sufferings ; and he looks for no more than will free
388 HISTOKY OF ANNAPOLIS.
him from indigence and enable him more effectuully to serve his country.
In enlisting and paying men for public services, lie lias expended what
was saved from the wreck of his own fortune to a considerable amount,
and he was reduced to the necessity of borrowing from those whose
better circumstances enabled them, and whose generous spirits disposed
them to hazard something in the cause of their country. This may be
called until ii.nlanm ; be it so. Mr. Mocnly will not conceal his wish that
the world alwunded with such enthusiasts. Not his fortune only but
his constitution has been greatly impaired by the exertions he has made.
His physicians rec<iminend a sea-voyage, a change of air, and a respite of
his fatigues and anxiety of mind, as the only remedies left hiin ; and the
late commander-in-chief, Sir Henry Clinton, was pleased to second tlieir
recommendation by politely inviting him to England. He acknowledges
with gratitude that their kind intentions witli regard to his health have
not been wholly frustrated. He trusts ho will soon be able, and he
would rejoice to be called by the service, to return to America. He
would go with recruited spirits, and unabated ardour ; for, rather than
outlive the freedom of his country, it is his resolution, witli King William
of glorious memory, even to die in the last ditch.
James Moody.
Warder Street, No. 97, November, 1782.
The following certificates, selected from a great number of others in
the author's possession, are presumed to be surticient to establish the
truth of this narrative :
No. I.
"Tlie events related in the following narrative are so very extraordinary that
many gentlemen who are iinac(|uainted with the country, and with the several
circumstances, might doiil>t of the truth of them. I think it therefore a piece of
justice due to the merit of Mr. Moody's services, to declare that I l)ulieve this
narrative to he a true account of his proceedings.
" Wm. Fkankmn,
" Late Ooirnior of Xew Jcrnnj."
No. II.
" I do hereby certify tliat Mr. James Moody came within the British lines in
April, 1777, and l)rought in with him upwards of seventy men, all of whom, except
four, entered into my brigade. That in Juno following he was sent into the rebel
country for the purpose of enlisting men for His Majesty's service, with orders to
continue there until a favourable opportunity offered for him to disarm the relnds,
and arm the Loyalists, and with what men he could collect to join the royal army ;
but as he was prevented from putting that plan into execution by tuir army's
taking a different route from what was expected. That Mr. Moody, being thus
disappointed, assisted by two of his neighbours, soon after embodied about a
hundreil men with whom he attempted to join the British army but was unsuc-
cessful. That afterwards he made two successful excursions into the rebel coiuitry,
JAMES MOODV. 889
ami l>n)ii>,'ht with him from Sussex County iiliout sixty ahltvltodicd riMTuitH, nearly
all of whom cnttM'ed into my hrigiiih? ; tiiat after this time he niaih; many trips into
New Jersey ami Pennsylvania, ami Itrought in witii him nmny gooil men anil gained
many artieles of important intelligenci! eoui;orniny the movements of Col. Untler,
the real Htal(^ of the rehel country, the situation and eondition of the relwl armies
under the command of their (ienerals Washington, Sullivan, etc. And that while
Mr. .Moody was under inv immediate direction, he also destroyed a considerable
niiga/.inc of stores near Ulack Point, taking prisoners, two colonels, one major, and
several other officers, and liroko open the Sussex County jail rescuing a nuinher of
Loyalists that were imprisoned in it, J)ne of whom was undei' sentence of death,
besides performing many other important services.
" I do also certify tiiat iii the month of October, 1777, the said Mr. Moody was
huistered as an ensign but received no pay as such till April, 1778; that he con-
tinued his exertions luider my direction till 17S(), about which time ho was taken
from the regiment, wliich prevented his being apjminteil to a company in it, as it
was iti general believed the (■oinmander-inchicf intended tloing .something better for
him ; that I have every reason to believe Mr. Moody received nothing from the
(iovornment to reward him for his (extraordinary services, or to indemnify him for
his extraordinary expenses, till 1780; that from the time of his joining the army in
April, 1777, till liis dei)arturo for Kuropc in May, 1782, he did upon every occasion
exert himself with the utmost zeal in support of His Majesty's cause in America ;
and on the whole, that I believe all that is related in iiis printed narrative to be
true without exaggeration.
"Cortland .Skinnkr,
"London, January 30th, 1783." " Jingmlier-Generai, i'ti\
No. in.
"I do hereby certify that during tiie time I was commandant of New York, Mr.
James Moody went sundry times into the rebel country to gain intelligence of the
situatifm and circumstances of the rebels ; that at one time he was absent five weeks
in ditl'erent |)arts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and brought authentic and full
information of the situation and resources of the .several detucliments of the rebel
army under command of (Jenerals Washington and tlates, in the year 1779; and
the j)rospect the rebels hail at that time of j)rocuring a h)an from France. That in
each of his excursions he obtained and regularly re|)orted to me very accurate
information of the rebel country, and appeai'ed to be very zealous and attentive in
promoting His Majesty's service ; and from the knowledge I have of his services and
sufferings, I cannot but I'ecommend him as a |)er8on who merits encouragement and
support from the British (Government.
"J AS. Pattison,
' ' Major- General. "
No. IV
Nkw York, May Hth, 1782.
" Lieutenant James Moody, of the First Battalion of Brigadier-( Jeneral Skinner's
Brigade of Provincial Troops, having apj)lieil to me for a certificate of some particu-
lar services which he has rendered in America ; and which from their having been
attempted, and in a great measure executed, during General Knyphauaen's having
the command within this district, I feel much satisfaction in complying with the
request of this gentleman, and in expressing that Lieutenant Moody in two instances
300 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
in particular, conducted two Hniall purtieM, one to Jersey and the other to I'hlladel-
pliia with much |)i-i'Monal rixk, great Hpirit and ^'ood conduct ; and 1 ever found him
dutiirouB of niunifeHtiiig his /.ual for tlie good of tlie king'H Hcrvice.
"(}eok(ik Bkckwith,
" Mnjor in the Armii,
" Aidf-dfcamji lo Jjix Kxcrlhiicy (Iviurnl KiiyphaiiHf.n."
No. V.
" Nkw York, May 10th, 1782.
"By serving in difTerent public; de(mrtnientH in the ai'uiy in North America under
the comnuind of His KxccUency Sir Henry ('linton, I liave liud opportuniticH of
knowing of several military exploits, very esaentiiil and contributory to His Majesty's
service being performed by Lieutenant .lanicH Moody, of the Provincial (Jorps,
called the First liattalion of New Jersey Volunteers, in the execution of which, he
not only underwent the most severe luudshij)s, but encountered almost every
possible risk of his life, as well from these hardships (which naturally affected his
constitution) as from the enemy. He, however, persevered in detiance of every
obstacle with such an aniour and resolution as plainly evinced an unconunon zeal
and attuehment to his king and uoiiutry.
"Stki'. V. Adyk,
" />. Jiitlijc Advocate."
No. VI.
"Nkw York, May 11th, 1782.
" I, the subscriber, do hereby certify that shortly after Major-(ieneral Pattison
was appointed commandant of New York, and I was employed as his secretary,
Lieutenant James Moody of the First Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, having
returned from the country, where he had been engaged in collecting intelligence,
etc., appeared at the commandant's office and communicated to me for the informa-
tion of (ieneral Pattison, a variety of accounts relative to the situation of the rebel
army, etc., which I laid before the general. From this time an intimacy com-
menced between us ; and Mr. Moody afterwards, previously and confidentially
consulted me on the practicability of sevei'al excursions he intei\ded to make in the
rebel country ; and particularly with respect to his intention to make Governor
Livingston a prisoner. Mentioning his want of cash to carry into execution so
essential a service, I ofl'ered to supply him with twenty-five guineas for this purpose,
and to be his security, or to borrow at interest a larger sum, it being out of my
power to advance more ; but being supplied with money by His Excellency Lieutenant
General Robertson, he was enabled to go o\it without my assistance. Mr. Moody's
failing in this attempt, was owing to one of his party being taken ; by which means
Mr. Livingston discovered Mr. Moody's being out, took the alarm, and raised the
country ; and with difficulty Mi'. Moody escapeil falling into his hands ; but was
afterwai-ds unfortiuiately taken by a party of rebels and carried to the provost-guard
at Mi'. Washington's headcjuarters, where he was confined, anil from whence he
made his escape and returned to New York.
"Mr. Moody afterwards made various excursions into the country, and many
miles without the British lines ; took several rebel mails, containing intelligence of
great importance, and brought them safe to New York. In these excursions he ran
great riscpies of falling into the hands of the rebels, and his health was much
JAMES MOODY. 391
tupoMoil from lyin(( iiiaiiy iii^litH and iliiyH in w(kj<Ih anil HwanipH to aviii<l ndiHCovcry.
In tlitiHi! cxciirnionH Mr. .Mnoily tliHi't<i;ai'<lo*l fitlicr tlie HcaHons, tlit< fali((U(j or tliu
riN<|ucH he ran.
" And on till' wlioli" of liis condiit't, I liavt- cvciy ii'iiHon to lii'lii'vc him rntiridy
ilisintcrcHtfd and actuatiMl (tnly l>y that zi-al for His Maji-nty's Hcrvitin wliirh ho haH
on (ivery occaHion oxhiliited. Kroni Mr. .Moody's dcidaration, and othor eviflence, I
havu (<vcry reason to hciicvr, that llic contriltutiona ho has from time to timo
received, were iiy no means a(h'i|iiate to the exjienses incurred on tliese oetasions.
Ami I know that Mr. .Moody did at his own expense and ercdit, support his men,
wlioHc health from a part iiipat ion of too nnu'h toil and fatigue with him, on these
excursions, hail been greatly impaired,
"John L. C. Hoomk,
" SccrHiiry In Majur-d'i in kiI PtutiHon,
lull' Co.nr.iaiiilanl oj Nrw York, eJi\"
No. vn.
" Extract of a letter from the Hcv. Mr. Brown (a very respeotahle idorgynian of
New Jersey, now in New York) to Rev. Dr. Cliandler, dated .May lOtii, 17S2:
"'You will receive .Mr. .Mooily as my particular friend, and as one most tirmly
attached to His Majesty, and t lie constitution hotii in Church and State. He iuis
hoth done and sutl'cred great things from a principle of loyalty. You may give full
credit to all hej4ayH, and if he tells yoii some things seemingly incredihlc, still y(m
are to believe him. He is honest, sober and firm — never intimidated by danger, and
of inideviating probity and honour.'
"Extract of a letter from Rev. Dr. Inglia, Rector of New York, to the same
person, date<l May 11th, I7H'2 :
" ' Mr. Moody is one of tin; most active partisans we have, and perhaps has run
more risiiue than any other man during the war. He has broiight in three rebel
mails, and has often been in the greatest perils among false brethren. The story of
his adventures will entertain and astonish you. He goes home at Sir Henry
Clinton's desire, who has promised to do something for him adequate to his
services.'
"In justice to Mr. Moody, I think it my duty to furnish him with the above
extracts.
"T. B. Chandler.
" August 23nl, 1782."
Sabine, who we must remember is an American writer, says in his
history of tlie Loyalists, that Mr. Moody was a remarkable man, and
warmly eulogizes many features of his character and career, emphasizing
with a very gratifying candour and fairness the fact that Mr. Moody
fought from principle, and most disinterestedly, and from an honest and
loyal desire to live and die a British subject. SaVnne says : " His own
narrative, singularly candid as regards the Whigs, bears the impress of
truth," and further, " T have in ray possession more than twenty letters
and other papers which, dated at different perioils and written by
different persons of distinguished merit, show that he was much respected
b} clergymen and civilians, as well as by gentlemen of the army."
392 IIISTOIIY OF ANNAPOLIS.
It HetMiiH titut tlio only rewards liti olitiiiried for Iuh vnluiililt* Hervices
were a ttMiipuriiry allowiiiicu of £100 Hturliii^ a year, a grant of a tract
of wihiiMiKiss land in Nova Scotia, and tin- half pay of an nlUccr of Iuh
rank. In I7<^'> li<> returned to Halifax, whence he removed to his land at
Sissibuo — now Weymouth in the following year, where he estaldished a
new home for himself and family, and lived until his decease on the tirst
day of April, IHOK.
Mr. Motnly was a carulidate for a seat in the Assend)ly at the general
election in 179.'}. His brother [j«iyalist, Thomas IJarclay, was his col-
league. They wtsic successful, and represented the county until 1799.
Air. M(M)dy seems to have attended to his legislative duties with exact-
ness, and to hav(! taken considerable part in tht^ debates of that period.
Very soon after his settlement at Weymouth he c<imnienc(Hl an
agitation for a division of the county. In the petition praying for an
Act of the Assend)ly for that purposti, lie and his co-petitioners suggest
B»!ar (Fnibert's) lliver as a proper liustern boundary of the new c(»unty,
with Wt'ymouth for the county town, and speak of Clan^ as a very
nourishing and prosperous district. Theii- recjuest was not granted, nor
did lu! succeed any better after he became a member; and forty-siiven
years were to pass away beft)re such a division was effected. In attesta-
tion of his sound judgment the river which he named as the proper
eastern boundary was the one selected when the division was made.
Owing to the lapse of his pension and half-j)ay at his death, and
unexpected losses sustained btifore that event, his widow found herself,
in her declining years, in very straitened financial circumstances, and
was advised to ask the British (jrovernment to extend to her, her decea.sed
husband's pension for the remainder of her life. She accordingly
forwarded to the Earl of Liverpool, Secretary of State for the Colonies,
a memorial setting forth the facts of his services and of her circum-
stances in detail. This memorial was accompanied by the following
certificatory document :
"I <lo lieroby certify that James Moody, Ewi., inentionutl in the foregoing petition,
was well known to me for several yeai's at New York, iluring the American revolu-
tion, and sid)se(iiieiitly in London ami Nova Scotia; that the pai-ticnlars eonuei'ning
him stated in the petition ai-e all correct ; that he was an officer in one of the regi-
ments at New Vork, and very partiodarly distinguished by his active intrej)idity
in the most hazardous undertakings in His Majesty's sei'vice ; that during a long
residence in Nova tScotia he was eminently useful in promoting loyalty and order
as a magistrate, an officer, ami a mendN3r of the Legislature. And further, that the
petitioner, Jane Moody, his widow, is a wonuin of virtuous and very respectable
character, now reduced to extreme indigence ; and, therefore, I beg hund)ly to
recommend the prayer of the petition as every way deserving of favourable
consideration.
"(Signed), Cn.iKi.Ks Nova Scotia."
KDWAUh TIIOHNK. .'193
It >{ivt'.s iiu> yroat plcusuro to tmnserilK' those (lucuiin'iits. No man was
Ix'tttT (|ualifn'il t'i'oiii |M'rsoiial kiiowlcdp^ to spciik of Moody's "activo
intmpiility in tlio nioHt ha/anlous uiuliMtakingH, " tlian Doctor Inglis, and
no nian'M tostiniony could lu; rogardcd of gieatiM" value.
[Mi'H. Janv MiKiily, ihi'iiiigh tliu intliioiioc of Diictor Iii^'liH, hikI of MIh Koyiil
(li^linrsM t III' Diiki- of Knit , ulio IiikI Ikmmi ii warm frii'inl nf liur iIccuuhoiI IiuhI>iiiiiI,
I'L'ceivfil Ik puiiMioii of tISl Hli'i'liiig ihiriiig liur lifo. — Kii. J
KDWAUI) TIIOHNK.
17!»!» ISOO.
Mr. Tlionie was a nativo of the old colony of Nc^w York, wliiirc he was
Ixirn in 174(>, and from wiiicli lie emij^rated to this pnjvinco in 17H3 ;
where lie soon after reconnnonced lifo l)j' makinj? a new home in Lower
Granville, on what is still known as " tiie old 'I'lujrnu propfuty," It is
known that the family was held in esteem in the conununity of which it
formed a part before, and at the time of, the revolution, and that the
conduct of its members was marked by so strict a loyalty to the Crown
as to rend<ir them obnoxious to the revolted party, to confiscation of
their projierty, and to make their exile a necessity.
Ml'. Thorne wa.'^: made a mayistrati; at an early day after the settlement
in Granville, and he held the office until his decease. The obituary
notice published innnediately after his death, states that he had been a
Justice of th(! Peace for fifty years, and if that statement be true, he
must have held the position in New York as early as 1770, which is not
only possible, but very probable ; but as he lived only thirty-seven years
in this province, he could not have held the appointment for more than
that number of years in it. In his otlicial capacity he was much respected
and greatly employed.
Mr. Thorne had a number of children. His son, James Thorne,
succeeded to the possession of the homestead on his father's death, and
descendants are very numerous, some of whom are to be found in
Granville, and others in St. John, N.B., some in Halifax, and others in
Ottawa. One of his daughters, Jane, was the wife of the late Timoth}'
Ruggle.s, who for many years was a representative of Granville in the
A.ssembly.
394 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
THOMAS RITCHIE.
1806 1811, 1811 181S, 1818-1820, 1820 1824.
The subject of this memoir was the second son of John Ritchie, M.P.P.,
and was born in Annapolis, September 21, 1777. His useful life fills a
larye space in the history of the Province, especially in its legislative
history, and tieserves a longer and more able biography than this sketch
is likely to be. Few men had greater intluence in the community in
which lie lived, and still fewer knew how to exert such an infiuence so
wisely and so well.
Mr. Ritchie studied law in the office of Thos. Barclay, who had himself
studied under the celebrated John Jay, and was admitted to the bar
about 1795, and, at the beginning of the century, on the removal of Mr.
Barclay from the Province, succeeded that gentleman in a large and
valuable practice, which he held and enlarged until 1824, when he
resigned his seat in the Assembly, and accepted a place on the Bench
of the Court of Conunon Pleas.
He entered public life in 1806, having been elected as one of the
county representatives in that year. He was chosen without opposition.
He speaks of the county, at that time, as being "the largest and
most populous in the Province, Halifax excepted," and affirms that he
continued to be elected without. oppositio)i, until his elevation to the bench
in 1824. It is probable that no man in Nova Scotia ever held a seat in
the Assembly for so long and continuous a period without an election
contest.
Among the many bills introduced into the Assembly by Mr. Ritchie
was one in 1808 "to regulate Negro Servitude." (See p. 284.) Probably
this was the last motion made in our Legishiture in relation to slavery.
In relation to the militia laws, Mr. iiitchie did not only aid in their
consolidation and revision, but by becoming the lieutenant-colonel of one
of the Annapolis regiments, took care that their usefulness should not be
lost for want of his personal services ; and so thorough an officer did he
prove himself that he received the special thanks of the Lieutenant-
Governor, in a letter from the Adjutant-General by His Excellency's
command, dated January 3, 1827.
The summer of 1816 was one of severe drought, in consequence of
which there was a general failure of crops, and considerable distress was
felt by the rural jtopulation tlnougliout the Province. So pressing and
general was the want of food, that the farmers were compelled to use
the grains usually reserved for seed for the following spring's planting.
Mr. Ritchie wrote to the Honourable Michael Wallace on the 4th of May,
1817, in relation to this occurrence as follows ; " The distress in this pait
1
%.
Hox. Thomas Hitchik,
Jmlije of' till Iiil'iriiir Ciinrl of' ('niiniiiiii /'/kis, — -
THOMAS RITCHIE. 395
of the Province is not as extensive as lieretofore reported ; seed corn i»
scarce, but we hear of few families who are altogether destitute ; seed is of
more consequence than other relief, it is not too late for barley, etc." The
Government of the day acting with promptness and wisdom, had ordered
a large quantity of maize, wheat, rye and barley, from the great firm of
Lennox, Maitland it Co., of New York, to enable them to meet the
emergency ; and the farmers of Annapolis receivetl out of this supi)ly
four hundred bushels of maize, live hundred bushels of barley, and one
hundred and seventy-two barrels of rye flour, to assist to carry thero
through, or until the autumn harvests could be made available. These
timely supplies alleviated the evils under wliicli the people laboured, but
they did not entirelj' remove them, and the ill effects of their previous
bad harvests followed them a year or two longer. Mr. Ritchie's letters,
reports and recommendations generally attest the soundness of his
judgments and his honesty of jjurpo.se, while they contain many
passages that, from the lapse of time, are beginning to possess
considerable historical value. In January, l!^'21, he wrote to the
Honourable S. S. Blowers representing that there were then only two
magistrates residing in the extensive township of Granville, and recom-
mending the appointment of Mr. Samuel Chesley and Mr. Samuel Hall,
sons of former justices. What a contrast with the state of these matters
to-day !
In 1822 Mr. Uitchie, as chairman of the Committee of the Assembly
on '* Fisheries, Agriculture and Commerce," made a report to the House
which showed how thoroughly his mind was penetrated by the conviction
that we should extend our trade to the other continental colonies, or
Canada, especially to Quebec ; that we should make ourselves the
importers of West India products to be sent thither, thus providing
employment for our vessels, and by bringing back cargoes of flour,
rendering the country independent of our republican neighbours.
Judge Ritchie was appointed President of the Court of Sessions of the
Peace (custos rotulorum) on the 17th of March, 1828; a position the
functions of which he always faithfully and ably discharged. It seems
to have been characteristic of him that whatever duty he undertook to
perform, or whatever work he endeavoured to achieve, he applied fill his
powers to do it in a creditable manner, and he seldom failed in his object.
As legislator, lawyer, judge, magistrate, militia oflicer, or man of business
he brought to his aid a mind possessed of a power of analysis and
discrimination, which seldom suffered him to go astray, and his untiring
industry and persistent application enabled him to accomplish creditably
with com[)arative ease much that, to a man of weaker mental or physical
development, would have been entirely impossible of attainment.
During the long period that he held the oftice of first Justice in the
H!>() HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
C(jurt of Common Pleas for the Western District (whicii embraced the
present counties of Annapolis, Digby, Yarmouth and Shelburne), it was
his custom to rendt^r term by term a detailed and elaborate report of the
business of the Courts over which he presidetl, and of other matters of
local interest to the Lieutenant-Governor. These reports are very full
and precise, and contain much interesting and valuable information upon
the various topics on which they treat, and are really very useful in this
respect. Sir James Kempt, to whom many of them were addre.ssed, thus
refers to them in a letter to Mr. Ritchie under date of August 19th,
1828:
'■ I tliaiik you for the report which accompanies your letter on tlie state of the
Western District, after the spring sittings of tlie Courts over whicli you presiile.
Sucii re])()rts are to me valuable ilocunients, ami I cannot leave the Province witii-
()>it expressing to you my ol)ligati<)ns for tlie impartial n'lnner in wliicli you have
(liscliargeil tlie duties of the very imjiortant offices which you till.
"James Kempt."
In 1830 he was a candidate for the otfice of Attorney-General of the
Province, vice 11. J. Uniacke. In a document found in the pul)lic
archives, dated October of that year, his public .services are thus
summarized; "The public were largely indebted to him for the con-
.solidation and amendment of the militia laws ; he was the originator of
the treasury note systeni which had proved so beneficial to the country
since 1812; the loan hill introduced by him to alleviate the distresses
cau.sed by the chan,:!;e from war to peace, which became law in 1819 and
had produced the r^sults intended, was his work ; as chairman of the
Committee on the Consolidated Revenue Acts, he had done good service ;
he had been offered the Speakership of the House, but felt it his duty to
decline, and he was then the oldest member of the bar after the Chief
Justice and Master of the Rolls, and Judges Wilkins and Wiswall. He
died November 10th, 18-52, in the seventy-sixth year of his age.
The number of this gentleman's descendants, only one more remote than a grand-
son, who have <levoted themselves to the legal profession, a large ])roportion of
whom attained to eminence, one the highest eminence possible in the Dominion, is so
remarkable as to deserve mention here. They are as follows :
Sons : (1) Hon. Jolin W. Ritchie, Judge in E(|uity of the Supreme Court of Nova
Scotia ; (2) Sir Wni. J. Ritchie, Chief Justice of Canada ; (.3) Rev. James J. Ritchie,
Barrister fourteen years before taking orders ; (4) (ieorge W. Ritchie, Barrister, who
lived at Fredericton, N.B. ; (5) Hon. J. Norman Ritchie, Judge of the Supreme
Court of Nova Scotia, dramlnonn : (0) Thonuis Ritchie, (7) George Ritchie, of
Halifax, N.S., sons of Hon. J. W. Ritchie; (8) William Ritchie, (!)) Robert R.
Ritchie, of New Brunswick, (10) J. Alnion Ritchie, (11) Owen Ritchie, of Ontario,
four sons of the Chief Justice of Canada; (12) Charles T. C. MacColla, son of his
daughter Lalcah ; (13) James J. Ritchie, Q.C., of Anna])olis, (14) W. B. AInion
Ritchie, Q.C., of Halifax, sons of Rev. J. J. Ritchie; (15) George W. Ritchie, of
THOMAS WALKKIJ. 3!)7
Halifax, hoii of George W. Ritdiic. <h-nil-<imntlmii : T. Reginald Robertson, of
Kentville, N.S. , son of l^iileali, (laughter of Rev. James J. Ritehio.
Two of the brothers of Hon. Thomas Ritciiie's first wife were eminent lawyers
(see memoirs of John anil Hon. J. \V. .lolinstoiK^), and a remarkable number of her
nephews iiave also attained notal)le positions in the same profession. — [l'ii>.J
THOMAS WALKKH.
1806-1808.
This gentleman was the son of Thomas Walk((r, a native of Scotland,
who, a short time before 177U, was appointed Maval (JtFicer for the poit
of Annajjoiis,* where it is believed he resided until his decease. That
the .senior Thomas Walker came to Annapolis after 1707 and before 1770
is certain, as his name does not appear in the census return of the former
year, but is found in that of the latter. His family then consisted of
eight .souls, including himself and wife, the last-named being of American,
i.e., old colonial birth. Their six ohildien were all of Nova Scotia birth,
though certainly not all born at Annajwlis. In addition to these par-
ticulars, we learn fiom the same return that he was the owner of four
hundred acres of land.
His eldest son, the subject of this sketch, was probably twelve or
fourteen years of age at the time of liis fathe.'s removal to Annapolis,
and at the time of the arrival of the Loyalists he \\ould have attained to
complete manhood. It is possible he may have received the appointment
of Naval OHicer after his father's death, but it is more probal)le that at
an early period of his life, jie employed himself in mercantile pursuits.
Toward the close of the century he married Pho'be, daughter of Colonel
Thomas Millidge, by whom he had .several children.
At the general election which took place in 1806, he was brought
forward as a candidate for the seat for the township in which he lived,
and was opposed by Edward Whitman, a son of Deacon John Whitman.
(Set, Whitman family, post.) Mr. Whitman lived toward the eastern
extremity of the township (near Lawrencetown), and Mr. Walker still
nearer to the western extremity.
The contest proved to be a very close one, and was characterized by
much acrimony of feeling. The proceedings to which it gave rise have
developed some facts, which, without them, would probably have been
lost to us for ever. Mr. Walker, having received a m.ajority of votes,
was returned as duly elected by Winniett, the Sheriff, who had recently
been appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late
incumbent (Dickson). His opponent, however, petitioned against the
* In a MS. of the author's I find it stated that he was a lieutenant in the (iOth
regiment, 2nd battalion ; commission dated April, 1775. — [En.]
398 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
return, setting forth in his memorial that there were only " one hundred
and thirty-nine good votes in the present township of Annapolis," out of
which he artirmed that Walker had polled only sixty-one, whilst seventy-
eight had been cast for him, being a clear majority against the sitting
member of seventeen votes. He also complained that the Sherifl' had
refused to allow the vote of John Hicks, a Quaker, who declined to
swear to his qualification as an elector, though he was known by the
Sheriff himself to be an opulent freeholder ; and that the vote of Fairfield
Woodbury was refused, though the deed of his property had been lodged
in the office of registry* for more than two years before the election, and
was declared by the Sheriff not yet recorded.
In addition to these objections, he further alleged that " the Sheriff,"
had admitted a minor to vote for Walker ; and also " one Thomas Clarke
who had no freehold " ; but the most serious and important of his allega-
tions he reserved for the close of his memorial, it was this : " That the
said Thomas Walker had bribed one Jonathan Payson to vote for hira,
by promising to discontinue a suit-at-law, which he, the said Thomas
Walker, had brought against the said Payson in the Supreme Court."
The new House met on the 18th November, 1806, and on the 11th
December the Assembly declared the election void, a conclusion that did
not seem to be satisfactory to either of the parties. Lewis M. Wilkins,
father of the late judge of that name, was the Speaker of this House, and
the whole case was referred to the home government for a final decision.
Tt was not, however, until the '?rd of March, 1808, that the Speaker
informed the House that " His Honour," the Administrator of the
Government, had received a despatch from Lord Castloreagh, in which
he was commanded to have a writ issued for the election of a member in
the room of Thomas Walker for the township of Annapolis.
A writ was, therefore, immediately ordered, and an election took place,
which resulted in the return of William Robertson, lisq., better known
as Colonel Robertson, who was sworn in and took his seat on the 19th
of May, 1808.
Mr. Walker had at least two sons and at least four daughters. The
eldest of these sons, whose name was Thomas Millidge Walker, died at
sea. The second son, Rev. William Walker, D.D., a minister of the
Church of England, lived to an advanced age in New Brunswick, in
which province he married and leaves descendants. The daughters of
Mr. Walker were as follows: (1) Elizabeth, married Francis Willoughby
Pickman, of Salem, Mass., afterwards of Annapolis Royal and St. John,
N.B., and has left several sons and daughters. One of the latter is the
wife of George Lynch, Esq., of Digby, and another of Herbert Crosskill,
Deputy Provincial Secretary ; (2) Anna Maria, married George R.
* The SheriflF was also Registrar of Deeds for the county.
ISAIAH SMAW — JOHN WARWICK. 1199
Grassie, for many years SheriflF of Colclu'stcr, and afterwards Prothono-
tary of the Supreme Court of Annapolis. One of liis dauf^flitora was the
wife of E. 0. Cowlinj;, Judge of Probate; another, of Jared C. Troop,
Speaker of the House of A.ssembly ; (.'5) Mary, married 1835, Ed. H.
Cutler, Sheriir and Itegistrar of DeeiLs, Annapolis ; (4) Phu'be, died
unmarried in 1893 ; Margaret, who married in 181G, John Newton,
lieutenant in the Royal Navy, was also' probably a daughter, and the
eldest. A sister of Thomas Walker was the mother of General Sir VV.
Fenwick Williams, of Kara.
ISAIAH SHAW.
1806-1812, 1812-1819.
As the author left no memoir of this very useful and valuable member
among his papers, nor any materials by which I could compile one, I can
only refer the reader to page 202, and pages 216 and 217, ante, and the
genealogy of the Shaw family, post. — [Ed.]
JOHN WARWICK.
180fi-IHll, 1811-1S18, 1818 1820.
John Warwick was a native of the north riding of Yorksliire. He
left his native country in 1774, and arrived in the New England colonies
in the same year. The great struggle for independence was about com-
mencing, and in 1775 Mr. W. took arms on the royal side and continued
" to aid and assist the king " until the close of the war, when he came
to Digby with his family, where he settled and resided until his death,
which took place in or not long after 1830.
lu a communication to Sir Jam"s Kempt, in 1821, he says he was
encouraged to remain at Digby " by the benefit to be derived from the
public fishery adjoining the town-plot " now and long known as the
"Joggins." He also tells his correspondent that he "had cleared and
cultivated two new farms from a wilderness state." He was appointed
deputy post-master in 1800, and continued to drschaige the duties
devolved upon him in that capacity for nearly cwenty-five years. He
was first elected to serve in the general assembly at the elections of
1806, and was again returned for the township of Digby in 1811, and
served his constituency for the full period of twelve years. In 1818 he
sought the suffrages of the county as the colleague of Thomas Ritchie,
Esq., and was once more duly returned, and served until the dissolution
of the House on the demise of the Crown in 1820.
Mr. Warwick was distinguished for his uprightness of purpose and
400 IIISTOUV OK ANNAI'OfJS.
conduct, as well as for his ahouiuHiig coinnion-sense. Conservative in
Ills opinions, l)Ut liberal in liis charities, he well deserved the populaiity
lie enjoyed in the county and the AsH('tnl)ly. Foremost in all acts tending
to elevate the morals and secure the interests of his constituents, tliey
were fully justified in the long-continued contidence they reposed in
him.*
WILLI A M UO B E RTSON.
ISOH IHII.
This gentleman was of Scottish descent, perhaps of Scottish hirth,
and settled in Aniui}K)lis ahout the time of the inllux of the [loyalists, of
whom he is said to have been one. He was early engaged in mercantile
pursuits, in which he seems to have been ((mj>loyed until his decease. He
was long and generally esteemed as an enthusiastic and etlicient militia
otKcer, and was commonly known, first as " major '' and afterwards as
" colonel '' Robertson. During the last (juarter of the past century, and
the first decade of the present, lie played a leading part in the creation
and prosecution of a direct trade with the British and Foieign West
Indies — a trade which, at the time of his decease, had reached consider-
able dimensions, and V)rought much wealth to the town and surrounding
country.
Mr. Robertson married Sarah, daughter of Robert Timpany, a major
in the New Jersey volunteers. Her father had been educated at
Glasgow, but was an Irishman by birth, and emigrated to Philadelphia
in ITfiO, and was employed in educational pursuits until the commence-
ment of the revolution, when he entered the third battalion of the corps
above named, and saw " a severe and continual .service " until its close
in 1783. Mr. Timpany died in 1844 at the very advanced age of one
hundred and two years, having been born in 1742.
This marriage, which took place about 1785, was productive of a
large family of children. Among them was John, whose memoir is given
in another place ; and James, a merchant, who afterwards removed to
St. John, N.R., where his descendants still reside,! (md Alexander, who
settled in Digby where he died, all of whom left issue.
In 1807 Mr. Robertson was appointed agent for Indian affairs in the
county, by Sir John Wentworth, an office the duties of which he
* The above is only a skeleton which the author intended to fill out into a more
extended biography, only one slieet of which is to be found. Colonel Warwick was
a very interesting character, and a man of great inHuence in Digby in his day.
-[Ed.]
t The wife of Jamea was a sister of Sir W. F, Willianis, of Kars, and they were
the parents of Fenwick l{obertson, a merchant who, I think, finally settled in New
York, and Rev. Thomas Robertson, long Rector of St. George's, N.B., who was
father of the founder of the great firm of Manchester, Robertson & Allison. — [En.]
JOHN IIAIUMS. 401
diseliarj,'«'(l with j^rciit t'aitlit'uliH'ss tor several yt'iirs. In IKOH he was
t'h'ctod to (ill a vacancy in tlic represent at ion of the township of
Annapolis, jiiused hy llie unseatin;^ of TlioniaH Walker, who had ohtained
th(^ seat at the j^eneral (flection in 1800. He was swoiti in, and took liiH
seat in th(^ assembly on the twentietli day of May, ISUS, and remained
tlw. sitting member until the dissolution of thi^ House which took place
in IHIl.
Mr. KolM-rtson was not distin^^uished for oratorical power, thouj^h he
could, when occasion re(|uiied, express his opinions witli considerabU*
force and ability ; and the well-known intef^rity of his characU^r made
his utterances of value to the House. He is known to have possessed
the conlidence of the connnunity in whidi he lived, and to have merited
the consideration so cordially and <;enerally exttMided to him.
Jt must not Im" omitted to mention that om^ of .Mr. Ilobertson's
daughters was the wife of a i^rand.son oi l{ri>,'adi(M-(!eneral llu^^fjles,
Dwight Rugyles, Kscp, whose s(»n, the late William Uobortson lluj.;j^le.s,
was one of the leading merchants and postmaster of Annapolis, t^) the
time of Ills death.
JOHN HAI{mS.
1811-1818.
Tliis gentleman was a son of Sanmel Harris, a pre-loyalist settler in
Granville, in which tciwnship he is known to have resided in 17T0, when
his family consisted of eight souls, liimself and wife ami six children,
four of which were born in Nova Scotia and two in Massachusetts. It
seems very doubtful whether there was any consanguinity between this
family and that of .fohn Harris, of Annapolis, whose memoir has already
been given. The former is said to have been of English birth in the
census of 1767, and the latter is stated in the returns for (Jranville in
1770 to have been bovn in Massachusetts, besides the <lescendants claim
no blood relationship to each other. One circumstance, however, for a
time caused the writer much trouble, — they were of the same profession,
land surveyors, and one of them was a "junior." After full investiga-
tion it was found that the "junior" was always used in the mJdress of
the elder John Harris, who was the son of that John whose memoir has
been referred to, and never to the subject of this sketch. They were
p<^ually distinguished for the excellency and accuracy of their surveys,
and were both deputies of the Provincial Surveyor-General.
Mr. Harris was probably born in Granville, though he afterwards
settled in the township of Annapolis on a farm about two and a half
miles to the eastward of the town, wliich he cultivated and improved till
his death. In 1815 he was employed by the Government of Tjord
■itt
402 msTOKV OK .\NNAI'(>l,lS.
|)iilli()u.sif to survey and lay out the Dulliousio Hoad. (Sen liiHtory of
Dalhousie st'ttleinent, ante p. *J(iO.)
Mr. Harris was l»rou;{lit out at the f^eiieral election, whieli occurre<l
in 1811, as a candidate for tlie representation ot" the township of
Annapolis, the seat for whic^li had been tilled, since IHOS, hy C-'olonel
llohertson. Whether he ran in opposition to that jjentlenuin «>r not is
uncertain, hut it is certain that he was returned and discharj^ed the
functions of meuiher for tlu^ n«'xt seven years In IH 12 he opposed the
passage of Mr. Hitchie's " Treasury Nott^ lUli," thouf^h he voted in the
minority on the occasion. Tiie "Act to Kncourage Schools" which
j)assed in 1811, received his warm support as well as approbation. On
the whole, he appears t(( have been a very intellij{ent and industrious
representative, and to have deserved well of his constituents. Durinjj;
his period of service he obtained a grant of eighty pounds for the
building of a new bridge over Sawmill Creek, which was constructed
under the superintendence of the late Mr. Henjaniin l*'airn. ll«! was the
Commissioner who laid out and constructed the road still known as the
Hessian Line road in 1809. In these, and nuuiy simihir services, he
proved himself emin«'ntly useful and skilful. His legislative career
closed with the dis.solution of the Assembly, of which he was a member,
in 1817. In 1820 the Hou.se of Assembly granted him one hundred
pounds for his services in laying out and surveying highways, and u plan
— then much needed — showing the connections of granted lands in the
county.
PELEG WIS WALL.
1812-1816.
Mr. Wiswall was the eldest son of the late Rev. John Wiswall, Rector
of Cornwallis and Wilmot, having been born in Falmouth, Me., in 17(52 ;
and when his father, after his exile from Maine, became a chaplain in the
navy, he accompanied him in the ship. He attained his majority about
the time of his arrival in the Province. He became a lawyer by pro-
fession, and proved a successful one. Ilnergetic, faithful and persevering
in all his conduct, he soon accjuired the confidence and business of a large
circle of clients, and his legal attainments and forensic talents secured
for him a high place in the estimation of the bar and the bench. The
western part of the Province formed the chief theatre of his practice.
His headquarters was for the most part fixed in the beautiful village of
Digby, which had special charms for him, having been almost exclusively
settled by brother Loyalists.*
* Many anecdotes illustrative of Mr. Wiswall's idiosynurnsies of mental constitu-
tion and outward manners were long preserved. The late John Mctii-egor, barrister,
HO long a notable citizen of Halifax, used to relate the following. When a youth ho
PKf.EO WISWAfJ-. 408
In IHI'2 Mr. Wiswiill hcciinic a ciin(li<liit<> for tin- t'lootorN' Kuflraj^ps,
witli tli« livtc .liidgo Kitcliio as a oollt^•l;,'ll(', and was Hucoossful in gaining
a Hoat in tin- A.sHi'nil)ly .is kiw of the county r('|>i«'s«'ntativ<'s. His
Ic^'isiativc caifcr, which was inai'kcd liy his usual activity, and the
scrupulous discharge of the onerous duties connected with it, was
destined to he (jf hut short duration. It was te. minated in 1816 by hia
elevation to the l)encli, as Associate .ludge in the Supreme (>ourt and
Master in C-'hancery, an escnt which took place on the thirty-first ot
March in that year. For the long period of twenty years from the date of
this appointment he administered the laws with an integrity, intelligence
and uprightness that distinguislu>d him anrl did him honour.
In 17'.>H Sir tlolin Wentworth, the Lieut(>nant-(iovernor, appointed a
commission to investigate the nature of the complaints concerning the
title of certain lands in the township of Dighy, and Mr. VV'iswall was
one of tlie gentlemen named in that document. The report is in his
handwriting, and (juite exhaustive of the suh.ject. Tn this document,
whose length prevents tivinscription, th(^ mismanagement of the old
Board of Agents, and the carelessness of the early surveyors are
denounced with consideral)le severity.
Our manuscript archives abound with articles from his pen addressed
to various individuals connected with the administration of public
affairs, and embrace a wide range of topics. Home of these papers
incidentally afford glimpses of men and things not (elsewhere to be
obtained and well worthy of rticord. As an instance : In a letter
addressed to Sir Rupert I). («eorge, dated October 10th, 1827, he writes
thus concerning the Longley* family, "Referring to a petition of William
Longley in relation to some (church?) lands, I wish Oovernment may be
inclined to favour Mr. Longley, as he is of a family that early purchased
and improved in this county, anrl all the men of his family are remarkable
called on Mr. VViswall to cousull him about entering on a course of legal study, and
WHS soniowlint abashed at his sitigular i)ro8cnL'e, ])eculiar dress of a past generation,
and <|ni(;k and irritable motions, as well as speei'ii, wlien the following dialogue
occurred :
.\fr. ir,— " Well, my man, and so you'd like to be a lawyer?"
S/iiiti'iit — " Yea, air ; I think I would like to be one."
Mr. W. — "Where's your gun, my boy? I want to see your gun my young
gentleman. Fond of sporting, eh ? "
Stiiile.nt — " I have no gun, sir ; don't know whether I'd like gunning."
Mr. \V. — " N(/ gun ! Well .you keep a boat then ; like boating?"
Sliulc.nl — " I do not own an.v boat, sir ; don't know how to use one."
Mr. W. — " You wear a wateh, or keep a dog" (snappishly) ?
SlHilenl — " 1 am too poor to wear a watch, and I have no dog."
Mr. W. (with an earnest and gratified manner) — " You U do, lad, if j'ou
persevere in the coiirse you have l)egun. The law is a jealous mistress, and eannot
be won exeei)t by the greatest and undivided devotion. To gain tier you must
sacrifice everything that diverts your attention from her. Remember this, my lad,
and I will ensure you success ; and you may rely on any assistance in my power to
aid you " (the last sentences in the kindest and most sincere way).
*The William Longley referred to was an uncle to Avard Longley, M.P.
404 IIISTOltV OK ANXAI'ni.lS.
for ;;(mmI liiishiindiy, as well us fm jji'ticnil rcsjH't-tiiliility of iniinnt^rN arxl
coiuliiot. "
Mr. Wiswall, in a letter tu the Provincial Secretary, l)earin}( «lato
Dcc(Mnl)er Ist, \f<W, thus wrote on the suliject of the (iivisioii of tlie
county '• "To form two eouiities out of the jiresenl t'ounty of Aiiiia|ioliH
was first proposed wlieu the Ann-ricari Loyalists settle<l Dij^hy and the
landH westward. .\t tliat tiino there was not (as now) ^'ood n)ads of
coinniunication, and eons«'i|uently attendance on the eourtH and county
otKces at .Vnnapolis, to tiie western settlers was expensive and dit!lcult.
'i"he pi'esent population of the county may, perhaps, amount to
twelve thousand souls and is inereasinj,', hut the ijii-rease (owin^ to tho
barnMiness of the soil southward) will lie I'hieliy witiun the lon^ and
narrow line of settlement." In anothei' part of this papei' he ex|)ress(>H
liimself as oppitsed to a divisiotv of tho county, hut very hon((stly adds:
"The (fovenimeat may have reasons for it unknown to me, yet I feel it
to be my duty to lay hefoie them all the information in my power." He
concludes this communication i)y sayinj; that he thinks the eastern
settlers want a couit-housi! at Uridjuetown and the line of division at
Imhert's River, and naively suf,'t,'ests that "election calculations" nutve
those settlers to desire that iioundary.
In 1820, four hundred of the iidiabitants of Pij^by and viciiuty
petitioned tin! (iovernment to levokt! a Ki''int made in the prcivious year,
of tbe Jojifjfins fishin;; flats, to Thomas Anchcws. In their memorial
they set forth that this fishery luid been a public one since 1772, and
that it had always been manaj^ed for the public good and on its behalf,
by the Court of (itmeral Sessions of the Peace for the district, and that
the recent granting of it was a great and general injury and a public
wrong, which could be overcome only by annulling the patent com-
plained of. This document, which seems to have been drawn up witli
much care and considerable ability, was referred to .ludge Wiswall by the
Lieutenant-Uovernor for his opinion and advice. In his r(!port on the
subject, which was able and perhaps impartial, he arrived at the con-
clusion that " a public fishery is mischievous," and therefore advised His
Excellency not to grant the relief sought.
In 1826 Charles Budd, afterwards and for several years the repre-
sentative of the township, made ajiplication for a grant of the water lot
at the foot of " Maiden Lane," which was transmitted to the Judge for
his advice. In his report to 8ir James Kempt he says : " When the first
settlers were located in 17H3 and 1781, and the township plot of Digby
laid out, no mention or consideration had taken place respecting any
lands below high-water mark ; " and therefore recommended compliance
with Mr. Budd's application. Thia measure was opposed by the inhabi-
tants who, in their petition against it, informed the Government, " that
I'KI.KO WISWAI.I.. ^U6
in liiyiii;; out' tlic town plot i>( Iti^^lu' tli<' Im-jicIi ut. tlit* t'lHtt of Miiii|t>n
liiiiH* and til)' iidjoininjf Ix^aoh ciiMtwai'tl werr pultlicly a^i'<>)><l upon and
Hot ajmit as a i)ul)lio slip, and has, as mucIi, l»«'t'n inrnrialth) held and used
to till- present day, hein^ tlie only safe landing; on tlie whole tVont of this
♦'Xtensive village ; thon;,'li by the indiilj{ence of the pultlii', seM-ial vessels
have hnen l>uill at the toot of thi- said ^'aidell Iwine hy fjovett it
Crookshank,* and by Stowart t »t llijdd.''
Althonuli liis sympathies were easily excited in favour of liis Loyalist
brethren, to his honour lie it said tln-y were not confined to thnt class of
tho population. We have seen liovv kindly lie wrote of William Lon^loy,
a [ire-loyalist. Of another gentleman, not a Fjoyalist, he wrote in an
eipially honouralile and just way Iti ll'c new ijeneral Commission of the
Peace issiuMJ in li^l?^, the naiue ot Jolin Whitman was, from some
unexplainod cauno, omitted, tliouijh iie had Ion;,' served with ciedit as u
ma^^istrate. This omission was a matter of puhlic re^^ret, and a niimher
of intluential persons petitioned to have his name add(>ii to (he roll. In
placinj; his si;{nature to the memorial, .Mr. Wis.vail added tlie followin<^
cprtiHoate : "John Whitman, Ksq., has been known to me evi' since he
was first placed in the geiuTal Commission of \\\i\ Peace. |[e is exemplary
in jtriviite life, and has ever conducted himself as an active, zealous and
useful maj^istiate."
On the establishmeiit of Hoards of Health in IS.'?:.', .Indite Wiswall
was appointed President of that for Digby, the other membors being
Charles l>udd, John I']. Morton, and Doctor liightfoot. This apjiointment,
if it had any duties attached to it involv ing labour, must have been very
gratifying to the good old judge, who wrote to Sir .lames Kempt in 1827
as follows : " From the peculiar structure of the law regulating my
appointment, it neees.sarily results that 1 must have long vacations
between my public services, and I cannot but wish that so much useless
time should be employed in any way that my advanced age and feeble
abilities are competent to, in other offices, together with that T now fill,
and which F am prohibited from holding. Kmoluments I do not seek, as
I have chosen my residence, and circumscribed my desires, so as to be at
ease on that head, but voiixcioim imilUihj is among the most unpleasant
sensations."
His writings were as voluminous as they were varied, indeed his pen
nevcM' seemed to retjuire rest. No subject of any importance from a
public point of view, escaped his notice. Education, law, agriculture,
manufactures, local and general politics, religion, each, at one time or
other of Ids long and active life, received elucidation and illustration
from his pen. It is therefore to be hoped that some loving hand, at no
* Pliincas Lovett, Jan., son of Colonel Lovott. Ciookishank was of St. John, N B.
t Late Post-master and I'rothoiiotary of the Supreme Court, at Dighy.
40G IIISIOIIV OK ANNAI'OMH.
(liNUirit <lii.y, will 1)1' riMiiid lo wrilc itri iuii|ilifiir(l l)iiip(t'ii.|iliy 'if dih- wlm
\iiiH roiiLriliiil.i'd HI) l/ir({i'ly In l.lii' jiiililii! )^<>i>i|, lunl wlio liiiH lt:i'l> lic;liiiiil
liiiii mi iiM.ny vuliiiililn iriiilci iaiH fur iiiii^ii i\, vvorlt.
NoTK. .IiiiIk<- Wihwii,!!''! iiiily I'hilil wiih IIh' wifi- of rii/ii|rn limlii, Ml',!', fni'
tlin I.iiwiimIii)i III l)i)/liy, mill liml nn i Inliln'ii. | Kn. j
CKUKNO i;i'IIA,M .lONKH.
ihm; isih.
Mr. .Jiiiii'H WIIH I'li'i'l.i'il ill |H|(', 1,1, fill iliir vai'iiriiy cii-iil.i'd in llin
n)|ir<'M<'iil(i,l.i'i(i iif llii! riiiiiil.y liy l.lii' flcvalinii of I'rlc^ VVinwall lo lli"
liiMicli of I.Im-- •Sii|ii'Miii«i (Jdiirl., III! hitvimI fill Mil' Imlaiirit uf Lin-, trriii
iilily, l.liiil, i-i In Miiy, till JHlH, ill vvliirji yoii- hit wm.h uiirniirdi-ij liy Jnliii
WaiwirU, iif l)ij^l)y. 1 1, (Ini^H iiul; /i[i|)i%i,r wlii'lJnM' Iw miii^^lil. ri- liliirl-iiiii ui
mil.. Ill lH:;'J III' wiiM ii|i|iiiilili'i| (1. .IiihIii'I'. of IIh- I'mri-, ii,ii iillici! Ilini
<l<;i!iri(Ml (iiM' iif iiii|iii)'t.iiiii:i^ ami liniiiiur. In |H:M In- wan nm- uf I In;
AHHOcial.ii .) ml^^i'H uf ill" (/'mill, uf ('uiiiiiiuii I'Iimim fur (.In? (luiiiil.y. Hi'*
ri'ni(|iMi(:n wan al. HinHiliuu, iiuw VVcyiiiuiil.li, wlirri: li(! alwiiyn livnd, and
dii'd al, a,ii advii.mi'd a^,'l', iiliuiil, I In' iniddl" uf tin- iniii licy. I IIh fallii-r,
l'iliHlia</(iiM!H, waH uiiii uf fuurl.i!i!ii huiim uf ('ulunitl I'llinlm. .Jum'M, uf Wi'hIuii,
.MiLMM., Mix al. Iiiasl. uf wliuiii liiK^aiiin arl.ivi^ Ijuyaliiil.n in iIh' war uf I. In;
ri^lxtlliun, and al. il.H cIumi! wcic, ('xilnd l.u I. Ik- piuvinri'M Of I.Iic.mc,
IC|iliraiin and aniil.lii'i' Hi'l lli'd in II|ijii'r (.'ii.nada, wlii-ri' l.ln^y li-fl. a lii.i't;i',
poMU'ril.y, imiiidinx Hnviiral nuUid jiid^fH, M|ilirairii Imiti^^ fal.linr' uf l.lnr
ilunuiiralilit .lunaM .luni's uf Ilii- Hii|ir<'rn(r ( !uiirl.. KliHlia, ilimiali, Siiiii-un
,'i.nd Sl.i'|)|ii!n Mi'l.lli'd in wlial. i» nuw Hi^^liy ''unnly, Nuva Hi^ul.ia,
lull. I'llihlia liuiin afti-r l.lir |ii'ii.i'it ri'l.iirni'd, willi nil l.lii' ini'iiiln-rH uf lii.K
liuuHiiliuliJ, i!X(:(;|il. ('(ii'Mnu II|iliani, wliu n-inaini'd a,nd li'.fl, a very imiimrunH
|)UMt.iiril.y. Ml! wan l.liii (^riwil. 1,'r/i.ndfal.lii'r uf llfrlfrl. Ladd .lum^H, lal.iOy
I.Iki l.ali;ril.)td miiwiiIii'I' fur l'ix''.V ''uuiily in llii^ ( .'ii.nailiii.n I'lirliaiin'iil..
Ht,»'[)linn wji.n ^randfal.linr uf llunuinalili' A 'J. .Iuiii-h, uf l|ii,lif!i.x. .Iu;iiii.li
wuH l.lic. falliirr uf (/'liarlcM .Jum^Hand Ivlward A., Imlli iiruinim^nl. iiDU'rliantx
and |iulilii' mi'ti, and lliruiij^li I. lie huh I'ldward, j^'inridfaMicr uf |)r. .(uHiali
l'!d;^ar .(uni'M, uf |)ij.diy, in |H!l'i tin- ( !un'(i'rval,i vi' rii,iididn,li' fur parliaini-nl.
in l)i^l»y. Till' finnily has |irudiici!il I'lniiii'iil. mm in I. In- lliiil.dd Hl,al.oH,
and iM (l<)H(!<)ndod fruin lidwin tlunciH, wliu i'nii)<rai.c,d, il, in Hit|i|iuHi'd frum
Wa.l<'M, niiioiin l.lic vnry i^iirlii-Ml. Miil.l.NirH. 'I'lm diiHritril, uf I. In- j^iwil.li'iiian
iiaifM^d II.I. till! Iioad uf lliin hIu'Ii'Ii in, I t.liink, iim fuiluwH : Li-wIh,' •luMiali,'^
.luMiali,' .JuHiali,' ('ul. I'ilJMlia' (lliir yunn^i'Hl,), ICIiHlia,'' ( Ii-ri'iiu, ui' Himi'iiu,'
for till) lal.l.irr in '•(rrlii.inly I. Ik- currfiit M[irlliriK uf tlii- < 'liriHlian n;uii<!
all.liuu(^li t.lir iilJii'i' liai.i lii'i:uini' I'umniun in llii^ family.
Tlid wril.«!r riMiii'iiili<M'M .hidj^n Juim-m an a wurl.liy and vi-in'raliln aged
'I'liuMAM i!ir<'iii|.; riMoTiiv iii<)«ji,i;h. 407
( <'liri^(l.iiiri, iitiil " ^I'fil liMMii.li III' I.Im'. old Mrlioiil," win* imiihI. Ikivo Idm-ii ii,
MiiiMt, fii.ilJiliil iiiid lidficnl r'i^|ir')-'ii-iit.M.l.i viv I In (ii'i'iipiiliiin wiih l.liat of
riii'KKW ii,ri<l i'uiimI.i'V iii>'r'i'|iii,iilr, vvil.li mcmthI Imiil |iiil)li(' ofliri'M, ii.rMi Im^
wiiH II. iiwl'iil inii.ii ill l.liir riiiiiiiHHiil V in wliirli Ik' Iivi'iI,
NoTl':. rill' iiImiv'I' I't lilli'il ii|i Imiiii 11 hIii'Ii'Iiiii iiIii I'll fiiiinil iiiiinii^ Ml. (iiliiiik'n
MHH. jKi.. I
TIIOMAH IM'K'IIII';
IHKI IHiiO.
'I'lii'i f^i'ril.lriiiiiii wiiH (I HDii lit' Aiiilii'w liil.rliii:, Hi'ii., (inil Uii-rcfnriMi.
i;<Mmin }j;iMMi(i.ii III' .lnlin IMl.i-liii-, M. I'. I',, ninl n, DihI. rnuHiti uiirit n^iiiovi'd
iif t.lifi ol.liiT anil iiiiiii- iJiHl.iii^jiiiMlii'iJ 'riiniiiii,", Kitrliii!, iiriifiHH I.Iki imllinr
iiml uiyMi-ll' iirir riiiHi.akcM in imr ^rni-nln^^iral runrliixinnM. Ili; mi.l. lull.
I.wii lutMHiiiiiH. 1 1(1 WIIH (l.ii UH«i ilii" wdfiJH III' II. vcniTiililir infill iiianl. uf
Uii' I'llit.iir iiKi.ny yi:nvH fij^u; ii. " very i:a|i(i.lili> iimn," iuhI t.niditidii mi,yn ii.
ii-M|iiTt,i'i| and tiHfl'id inat^mliiitiv I In ijii'd in |K.'',,'i, a^cd Hiivriily,
iininarni'd, lii(i,viri^ a (^imd I'Hial.n wliirli lir dividi'd liy will ainun^ Hiivcral
iii-{ilii!WH and ni(;(:)!H. | '''"']
TIMOTHY IMKinM'X
1818 I8'2(l, IH.^d IH'J7. IS'J7-l8:iO, I8;M) Im.'JI.
Tim ini'inlii'i' <it' llu'. AHHi-inlily ul' wIidim wi^ ii.ii' ii.liniil, tii '(|ii'ii,l< wan tlie
<i|iI(!kI, hiiii III' Tiinnl.liy, wliu wan (lir i>ld<'4l. 'ion ul' <io(ii'.ial Tiinot.liy
IIiJKK'''"i "•'"' wild liiid lii'i'ii inii.ny yivii'M .4i'l.l.li'il in llclioiHir, wlinrii liiH
rliilili'i!ti wiTi! lidiii, willi lliii i'Xi'r[il,idii III' dm i-ldi'.'il, wliii wan liurn in
1777, I. lie yi'.ac al'l.iT l.liii in'iival nf (In- I'li.inily in Niiva Smlia, and
pi'dliidily al, llalil'ax ur |)i^;liy. Ili- wan i<'a.riil nii liin I'hI.Ihm'h farm in
' Iran villi-, of wliirli, on (In- iirraHiuii of liiii i|i'ri'ii.,Hii In- liroii.iiin Hdio
liriipriildr. It. Wiin and iilill I'linliniii-M In In- ii. vi-ry valiialilit i'Ht,ii,l,c. In
ii.ildil.idn (.11 a.;^i'irnll.iii'al piiiftiiil.': \\i\ addi-d an rxl-rnni vi- and pi'iilil.ii.liln
iniw'raril.ilii c^laliiiHliniirnl. wliirli t'osulU'd in liin lnTdinin^ unr nf l.lii!
wiialt.hiMil. ini'ii in I. In- I'lmnty.
.Ml-. |{,ii(<>^Ii'h' piililii; lifn li('(^an in |H|H, |m liii,vin^ himij^IiI, and
(ilil.aiiii^d t,lii! itiiUVaf^i-n nf ii, niajiiril.y nf l.lii' cliMiLurH nf Uranvilii; in l.liiit.
yrar, On i\u>. dniniMi' of l.liir (,'rowti in IK'JO lie wii.m a(^ain mliirrH^d l.o f.lio
AHHcmlily, and (illi'd IlinMrat. iinlil t.lin ^^I'liffal i'|i'i;t,iiiii in IH'!7-, wln-n Im
wa.4 unci! iniiii- rlnmi'ii afl.iT a itliaip roidi-Ml. TIiIh rii'W lloirindid not.
livii lint, half itii d/iyM, having 'li'"l ■"•iinull.aniioiiMly willi K'ln^ ('irorni- IV.
ill IK.'W). In till- KiMHTal Micrlion wliiiili fnllowi-d In- wa.H af^ain a
<!aiididat*', and wiui oppu.'icd liy .laini'it hflap, I'Ikij., and ii.fl,nr a Vfiy
408 IIISTOHY OK ANNAl'OMS.
oxdiUrij; and (ilost^ H(.ni;;;;I<% t'liiiiviot.t'ri/.iMl hy j^rciit ii(!riini»ny of f»uilit»K.
\w wuH rcturiKMl l»y a vory Hinall inajoiil.y. 'I'liis was the t'ouitli tiiin- ho
had \)fM\ hoiioiinMl \>y the (•htclors of (Jranvillt^ with their oonlidoMct).
1 1 is atilaKoiiisf. doiiiaiid(H| a mTiibiiiy of votos and an ox|)<Misiv<' and
<\\hauHt.iv(^ inv<!sit.ij(al.ion took place, wliicli ended liy leaving the rela'ivn
|)OMit>ion of t\u' paft.ie.s |)r(>ciHely as liefore, wil.li Mr. Ilii^;{les in possession
of I.Ik^ seat..
'I'liese repeated and spirited jjolitieal tournaments wertMit.tended liy an
<'xhil>iti<in of <^real partisan warmth and personal animosity, whi(^li after
wards (MdminatfMJ in an aet. of inetMidiarism on tin* nij^lit of tlie Hth of
Oet.olMM-, \H'.W, by which the store of Mr. Ilu>{>^h's, with its varied and
valnalile, contents, was entirely (Mtnsumed. I'.y this untoward event, lie
was t.lie loser of two thousand pounds, a loss whieli did not matctrially
h^Hsen his wealth, liut whieh nciveitiniless eontrihuted, in no small degree,
to hisoom|»aratively eai'ly death in the following year. !>eing a man of
a warm and ati'eet.ionate. disposition, wiien il> settintid iMU'tain that t,h(!
dest.ruet'ion of his property had liei^n the delilxuate and mali(Moiis a(;t of
an enemy, tht^ knowli^dge. proved a source of grief and irritaliorr injiiriouH
to his health and dostj'uctive to liis peace of mind which it may he fairly
alleged hast«!ned his (ie<M^a.se.
Mr. Hiiggles married .lane, daughter' of Ivlward Thorne, a former-
meinlxu' of the, Asscdiilily, hy whom he had thr'ee sons and several
daughter's. Oru^ of his sons orrly survive.s t(i the pr-esfuit time, Timothy
Dwight Riiggles, <^ (!., of Bridgetown, who long hiOd a leading po. tion
in his |)i'ofession in lh(^ (•ounty, and still siwviv !s. His second -m,
I'iflward Thorne lluggles, dic^l in '>r.tari( , and the youiigiist son, .Ste_ hen
Thorne lluggles, diiMl a few year's ago in (Jvanville. Niutlrer of these
gentlemtm left descendiints.
As a r-ejirescntative, Mr-. I uggles was eai'eful to wirt.ch over* arrd gtrar-d
the local int(;r(!st>s of his (Minst.it.iKUits, and in all mattiM's of trade and
financi! he was esteturied as an aut.liority of no mean or'dcu', and his
opinions on su(^h matter-s ai-e t lid to hav(! had mueh weight in t Ire
Assembly, lie was eminently endowed with clieei'fulness of dispositioir,
as well as a genial tcmperarrrent, and the ludicrous and witty had
urrcommon charms foi' liim. (jonsruvative in his o|)inions, lie was not
easily div<!rted fr-om the course he was inclincMi to follow, and the voice
of |io|)iilar (clamour had rro ene(;t upon him. N(-ith(^r the blandishments
of llatt.ery rror the allur-ements of ease or otiiee could tur'n liiiii aside froirr
♦ he ])urpos(! which a sense of duty hat] caused him to for'in. Il(! is still
nMnembered as an obliging friend, a kind and thoughtful neighbour-, a
g(^nial companion, a witty, yet often wise councillor, a placable onomy
arrd a lrospital)l(^ host.
His body rests Ixtside that of his father in the Kpiscupul burial yard
^2^^>^
\VII lAM IIKNKV IH>A<II. M.IM'.
(rr.iiii :i (liiiucircotypi' Inki'ii hImuHv licfori' lii>- ili'iilli )
WILMAM II. H()A< II. 10!)
ut Uf^lloislc, luul witliiti II stone's throw of tlin old Fmiiily dwcllinj^, wliioli
ut't(Mwar(ls hcciiinc the |)r(>|>t'rl,y of .loliii Wiidc, (lie wortliy (l('Hc((ti(laii<
of (-'aptiiiri John VVudc, who was ont^ of (he liisl [(nvloyalist scttliMs in
(jiaiivilh'.
VVIIdJA.M II. ROA(5ll.
) 81 S 1820, 1821) l8-_'7, 1827 18;t0. i8;»o i8nr..
//// l/lr /■.'llili,,:
VVilhajn llcni'v Hi»acli was a soti of .lohii Woai^li, and >,'randHon of
.lairif^s Roche or lloach, a native of Liinericli, Irehind. (Sec ;.;en<wiloj^ies.)
lie was horn in Annapolis, January iL'th, I7H|, and was (MJucatiHl in
McNainara's lli;,'li Sel I, until tlie death of the latttir in i7!>H, after
whieii there is a tradition that lie attended the scihool tauj^lit liy lehahod
Corhitt. I''ull of audtition, at the ai,'e of ninettMin he went t.() Jamaica,
where his (;ousin, h'redeiie lianiont, owned a plantation and was a
resident ina;;;istrat,e at hahnouth. On the voya;;t! the vessfil was hoarded
liy a hoat from II. 15. M. ship I,' llfir.iili; a Jinrnher of sick sailors from
t,he man-of-war put on hoar<i of her, and a c^trrespondin;^ nninl»er of her
crew, with youn^ Koach, heionly passen^cM', " impressed " and compelled
to scM've on hoard th(( num-of-war. lie was innnediately appointed
captain's clerk on hoard the Ij' llinnlf, tluj man who had lill«Ml that
oHice having l)e(Mi killtMl in l)att,le a day or two |)r<nioiisly. 'I'lm vessel
ha\ inj^ put into I'almouth, Jamaic^a, throu^^h the inlluen(M! of his cousin,
Mr. Lamont, he was released from further service in the navy, ami foinid
(Mnployiiumt as a l»ook-k(!ep(!r on the Trt^lawny estate, Monte;^o IJay.
Ilerc^ an event occurred that led to his promotion as overseer of tho
'I'relawny plantation. VVitimssiiif^ the, cruel and inhuman Ixiating of a
female slave, in a delifiate condition, hy a driver under the old overseer's
superint(^nden(!e, and seeinj^ the lat.ter, not satis(i('d, continuing' tlu;
whippinj^ himself, In- r-uslied upon tlu^ overset-r, seized t.h<^ lash, applied it
to him, and knocking him down held him till the jioor woman (M)uld Ixt
takiMi t/o the hosjjital wIku'C! she died fr'om tlu! eU'ect, of her injuries. TIk;
overseer ordenul him arr(!sted, hut^ he urj^ed the crowd of slaves that
accompanied him on his way to jail to connnit' no act of violetuM^ and
[\\vy comj)lied with his advice. The next day Mr. Scarhitt, the Attorney,
and Mr. Irving, tln^ propiietor of tho (i.stato, airivod, and after an
investif^ation comuKtnded youn;^ Hoaoh for his conduct, dismissed the old
overseer, aiul a])point(!d Hoaoh in his place. In this caj)acity he aholished
whif)ping on the estate and substituted milder punishment. He was the;
first to Hubstitute tho plough for tin; hoe, and carts for tho usual nu^thod
<)f (!arrying away the waste fiom v.tuw grinding on the head l)y th»^ slaves.
Hu-hocamo very popular among the [)lant(M'H, and was soon commiHsionod
HO niHTOllV *>\- ANNAI'OMS,
<wi|>t,aiti 1111(1 iiitijoi' lit' iiiilil'iii. Id^l.tiriiin^ trnin .lariiiiii'n, Im imtrrii'il,
.Miiicili I7t.li, IH| I, Mary Ann, (liiid fliiuj^lilcr of Miijor Unlint, 'riiii|iiiiiy,
a liul.fil Ijoyalisr of |)i;rliy. \\v. alioilt. I lial, liiiH; v/fUi U> tlxi Sl.alti ot*
New York anil i'MtaliliHlic<| liiiiiHcIt' on tJitr lliiil.son in i\u'. Witnt. Iiiiliu
liiisiiii'NM ; lull, wlicti (.lif^ war of I H I'J brokii out, cvtu'y alien waH ohli^^rd
lo lrii,k<i I,|m! oalli of allr;{iail<:e l.o tJie |{.<-|iill>lic, or' li'av<: Uir coiiril I'y
williiii a lirnili'<l riiiiiil)cr' of days. He ijid not li(-Milal.r lie), ween loyally
anil self iiil.rr'fHl,, and coming liack lo iJie I'r'oviix'e lie alianiloried all liis
ellectH in (lie Uniled SIjiIch lo I. lie enemy ; linl. lie (illed out, a lieavily
armed eiiMei' of nixly men, and noii^IiI. lepr-iHalH in Americ^ari waiters willi
Home Hiicei'HH. Very soon, however', lie Hell, led down in l)i;^liy as a
nierelianr, and lie;(an lo l.iike a lively inlerest in |iiilili<' all'airs.
On Mr. Wai'wii'k i'li/iii).;iii'^ his eandidal.iiie f|-om I, lie t,owruilii|i of
hi^lty III Uie eouiil y, Mr. {{oii.eli was lir'iiii;{lil/ forward as a <;ariiliilat.e in
liis plaee. I le was o|t|iosed liy 'I'liomas II. Kiii^i^les,* ;.Maridson of (lenei'al
'riinolliy, iJiroii^li liis yonnj^esl. son Kieluird, and afi.er a keen eonl.esl, wan
dei'lar'i'd eleeted liy a majority of one, and his rehirii jietirioned a;.^airiMl..
The AHKeirilily, whieli mil- on l.lie I | l.h |i'eliriiary. |Hl!», after the usual
inijiiir'y ih (blared tjie seal, vaearit., and ordered a new elei^liori. Me and
his (lid ii|i|ioiiiMit. were u^ain (!andi(lii.t.es, and afl.ei' anol.her Hliarp liiil.
decisivi! Ital.l.le, Mr. Koaeli was rel.iirned liy l.weiit.y one of a inajorit.y,
and held t.lii^ seat, until t.lii! diHHoliition of t.he Assemlily liy the demise,
of the (Jidwii in iHliO. The (|iiesl.i(in of a division of the eoiinly was a
lively one at. this early |ierioii. On Dei-emlier TiLh in this year, Messr-s.
I'. VViswall, Ifoheit. Tiiri|iany, <1. K. Nieliols, .lose|ili l''il./raiidol|)li,
Thomas White, David lliitherfnrd and •lolin I''. Ilii;{lie.s, in a, joint letter
to Mr-. Koacli, say, " W(^ fear that the industry, talent and irit(Mest. of
Mr Ititehie will lie eiii|iloyed to sii|i|iiirt the (Yemenis petitiorK't's, and to
put the Annapolis distri(;t as far westward as pos.silile, and in ho doinj^
he may entertain a perHUasion that li<^ is eonsultin;^ the interest of the
main part of his eonstitiients, espeeially those amori;^ whom he r'csides."
'I'he (il)j('(;t of this cominunieatioii was to ;^uiu'd ,M r. I{,(iiieli against the
irilluen(:(!S that would lie (^xirrti-d to s(!(;iir(^ a line of division that would
l»e disadvantu^eous to hij^liy. The townspeople of .Oi^^hy always (ienire(|
that the eastern lioiindary of their eoiinty should lie phu-ed as far' (wist as
p(issilil(% so that they would have li(^t.ter elaims for niakin;; "'K''.y ''"'
shii'e town rather than Weymouth, which was desiii'd l»y the peojile o^
that vieinity, and hy tl ■ inliahitants of (/'hire.
In IH27 he was elected for tin; (bounty of yXnriajiuliH as a (rollea^jue of
Thoinas (!. Ilaliliui'ton, :uid ajjain in I H.'iO as a colleaj^'ue of Mr. Kitchie ;
hut in IH.'Ui, when a stronf; comliination lietween the east and west wiih
' {''iillicr (il Kciijiiiriiii Hi'iiry l{.ii^Klim iiiiij llic liit.i^ Fruilurio VVilliaiim IliifjjgicH,
(if \VrHtp(,rt. jKii. 1 __._.L___2::„
WIM.IAM II. ItUACil. 411
foriiKMl I'lir' till- |iui'|iiiH<- III' I'lltM-t.iii^' II iliviHJiiri nl' iJii- I'lninly in M|iil,i' of iJic
liiknwut'iiiiiHHs of tJic |m;<i|iIi' in llir ci'iilijil ilisl.riclH, uml tlic .'i|i|iri'lii'nMiiiiiM
iiimI iilnl)iljiinH of riviil l.owns wliicli Icnilcil In ii'liuil llii^ Minvriiii'nl., lit-
wiiH <lflVii,li'i|. ,M r'. KoiK'li was ainun^ iJiii iililrsl, and inunl, |iul.r'i<il.ii: nirn
in I'll)' lluiisc, anil onr nl' llic iniml. inri'n\sl.iti;4 cliararl.tirM of IiIh day in
III)! |Miiilii' iifii of Nova Si-iil,ia. His o|i|ioHil'ion lo iJir m'Iiciihi of I.Ih'
Sliiilii'iiiii'iMJii' r.'iiia.l, in wliirji In- hIoikI aliiioHt, if nol. ijiiili' aloni-, \h
Hiifliricnl. I.o |ii'(iv<! Iiis |ii'ai'l.i(-al wiMdoin and Ha;{ai'ily. Hi- |ioiiil.i'd out. ilH
iilliT fiililil.y in Hiratliin^ ti^iins, llml iia\r provi'd |iro|ili)'ric. In IKJH
and IH'JI) we liiid liiiii acl.ivcj y ad\oi'at in;; (lie cicrlion of I. lie piciM or
lirrak wntiTH at. i'ort (ifuvf^i: a.n<l ,Mii,i'(^aic(,svillr. In |H,'i:! hr |iro|iosi'd
a r\ui,u<^i- in tlii^ modi- of hcIitIjii;.; I'onunit rrci of iJnr IIoiihi' ; sii|i|joi'l,<'d a
liil! I.o (■Hl.aliliisii a lianK, and o|i|ioHi'd an iiicri-iiHcd ){ranl. lo <<raniniur
SrliooJM, on III)' ;^i'oiind llial llin ('oiiinion ScIiooIh riiM>d<td all I lie ex Ira
Hii|i|ioi't llir roiinlry was alilr lo Mii|i|ily. 'I'll'' IIoiimc vol.rd il.Hnlf t'Nlra
pay Uial. HCHsion, Mr. Itoai'li and IIm' oIIdt nn'inlii'i' foi' Annapolis vol.in^^
a^^ainst. it. Ili^ caiiii'd llii'oii^^li llir IIoiihi- an Arl for llic al .iil.ion nf
jinpriMorinM-iil. for diOil., a.nil an /\<'l. for tin- insprrl.ion of Hour :>ii I inci .
hLiiUs, I. lien a niiirli ri'ijiiirtMl pircr of li-^^islalion. Ilrwas a liffor'iiirf,
and a.sHail(;<l rxistin;,' almscs willi a holdnrss, I'loipirnci: and wit, sraici-ly
infttrioi' to I.Iiohk of flic, iiiori^ diHl.in^iiiHlicd Iriliunc of tin: pttoplt^ who
Hil(;c<!<'.d<'d liiin, lion, .lo.si'pli Howe. TradiLioti in I In- wcsl.i'i'ii surtion of
IiIh (;oiiHl.it.iH-nry, now tin- (Joiinl.yof l)i;^lty, Ion;; a.sHi;,'ni'd lo liini I In- palm
of po|)ularil.y oviw all l.lii^ piihlir incn who cvi'r r<-pi'csi'nl,t!d I.Ik'Iii. His
ri^inoval lo Halifax may havi; i;oiil.riliiilrd soinnwhal, I.o his dofiNit. in I H.'dt.
Ill' n^Hidi'd in llii^ i^ipiUil, lillin;; for many yrars Ihi^ ollii;i! of in.Mpi-i'l.or of
fi'lonr, whii'li was prcsHcd on him l)y ihi- (Jovi'rnor, Sir I'l'rc^'rini^ Ma.il.la.nd.
In If^riOhi! I'lrt.urnrd lo i>i;;liy lo spi'iid l.lir riimaindiM' i> his days, and
witJioul/ t/ho fi'ttHhni'HH of his yoiilh, hiil willi all IiIh old linn llri^ and vi;;oiir
lit! iiixhirtook an rli-rlion i^ampai;;!! in I KM, a.nd a.ll.li<iii;.li a iii^w ^^rnrra
t.ioM of iilrrl.orH had (^row ti U|t and vrry many of his old frirnds had passi'd
away, his naiiiii was si. ill a l.owi'r of slri'n;;lh. lli- was aiMu-pl.t'd as Ihi^
(!oMH<!rval,iv('! candidali!, and itaiiMi ncarrr I.o siirii^cMidin;; than any ot.hur
who Ii.mI oilrrcd in that. iiiLciMst, for si^vrral I'liM-tioiiH, ln-inj^ ""'.V '''K'''.y
Ixthind Mr. Itoiirni'iif, l.lii! {''rrnrhman, who lirin;; siipporli'd Ity thi'
unanimoiiH vot.r of I. hi- Acadiaiis of (Ijarr, iisitally r.irrii-d his I'li'itt.ioiiH
<tV(ir t.hf I'ln^lish, who wurn dividi'd on [mrty lini^s, hy Miajoritics of
liiindnMls. In his spfutch on thai, ornasion lir rhai'^cil l.lii' "liihcral"
OovrrnmrnI, li'd liy Mr'. Mown anil William Yoiin;;, with lirin;,' riTicaiitr
l;0 i,\\(' |irinriplrH liy ihr. asHi'ilion of whirli they had Hi'ciii'cd piililir favour,
and K"''*'.y "* '''•■ HaiiKi aliiisi-s as t hos»! I,lmy had formnrly d(wioui'"t)d wh«!ii
i(» opposition I.o the, old " Toi'y " I'uh-rs of a fnrmi'i' day, siipporl.in;? his
ciuirf^dH in a spirrch of ;;r('al. pownr and lo;.;ic, and a.s it. Kci'inrd to Ihi'
412 lirs'lOllV «>|' ANNAI'OI.IH.
wriltM, of i^i'iiiiini- Irish •■Iikiiiciico. Mr. JuirirH It. IIoIiIhwoi'IIi, ii Ijihrnil,
was iilsi) II. (Nuiili<liit.(> atr tliiN olocliinn fur tlir last liiixt.
Mr. n.iiacli was I'liiluwrd wjl.li a. soiniil ]iliyHi('ii.l (wtnst.iliit.ion and (inn
prrsdtiiil a|i|icaraiii'i-, as wril as ;;i'i>at. inli'lli'i-t na.l |ii)wi>r ami force ami
<'lo<|ucrici' of expression, lie died at l>if{l»y, Heioliei- (lih, |M(;|, jn Ida
Hcvfinty seventli ytwf, " lie was loyal lo Imh (.^ueeii , lovin;{ l.o hJH kind ;
lenient to his childr'eri. fii I'lirndim) <,'/(irin,"
Ndl'i;. 'I'lii' ;tliii\ r iiii|ii'i li'i:! mI^i'IcIi is ('iiiii|iileil riiiiii niiiih' niite.M iif .Vli. (,'iiliirk,
ami liiiiii infill mill iiiii hii|i|iIIi'.I imi' tiv my nlil liirinl, Itrv, liulii'i I 'l'im|iiiny llmlm,
I). I)., now lit' Kiiliitilouii, New ■liii'Hi-y, mill mniio I iitilil.liiim anil itKtmniii'H nl my
own. I Kii. I
SAM I ; I'll- CAMri'.KI.L.
IH'_'n |H-_'7.
This ineinlier was ii son of Oolin ('ain|iliell, who was liorn in one of t.lin
old colonieH in IT-'il, and who look an a('ti\e pail, in I. he revolutionary
eont.(!sl. on liehalf of the (!|own, in (M)nsei|uen(!e of which Im^ liecaine. an
exile in 17^2 ■'^.'J and sellleil in St. Andrews, N.I'.., where he was soon
aflerwanlN made ('ollector of (!iist.oms. lie did not,, however, loiif^
remain in that province, haviii;^' lieen appointed to fill a similar position
in the tJien populous and l1oiii'iHhin<{ town of Shellairm! in this provinen,
in whi(;h he lived for the lonj^ period of forty years, during; all which tiino
he (■ontiniied to hold the i;ollect.orship of that port.. Me was chosen Ut
repieseni l.he (Joiint.y of Sliellairne in the AsHemlily !ind served one t.eirii
of seven years. In the lal.t.er part, of his life he riMiioved from Slielhurno
to Nev\- Ivlinhur^h,* then in Annapolis, now in l>i;<hy County, where lm
eiiiled his diiyi; in I H;i I at, the very advanced a;^e of ci^^hty t.hriM- yi'ars.
It, is pi-(>lial)le t.hat. his son, the suliji^cl, of this sketch, was horn at/
Shelhurne and educated there. In IK'Jl, whiii! Mr. ()ainpi)ell was a
memher of the Assemhly, he forwarded the sum of i^l.'t.nO, a contri-
liution made hy some of the inhahilants of New l<'idinliur;.{li and vicinity,
toward the fund thi^n hein^ raised for t.h(^ erei'tioii of a st.atiie in honour
of IF.Il.ll. till) |)uke of Kent. In the letter aceompanyini^ this remittancn
he vrvy ntiirr./i/ uses the followinj^ lanf^uaj^e, wlii(;h, if tluiii known, would,
from the justice and t.rut.h they mark(Ml, have proved v(!i'y annoying to
tlu! individuals referred to: "'I'here aii^" sa> s he "in this vicirnty
several persons who hav(i iar Ihirty ytfars heen i. ceivini^ half |>ay from tlio
kin^, wlio in this instance have (htclined to show their attachment
though in ample (nrcuiimtances." In IK'J.( it. was in contemplation to
oroct a now township iti tlie (!ounty of l)i;.;l)y, which was to includo
tlie peninsula known as " Dij^hy Neck." The inhaWitants of this district
* At th« m^ltll HJile of .SJNHilioo Rivitr, at IIh iiioiitli. — | Kl),]
SAMi i:i, cA.vii'iii.i.i,. U;i
IiimI |icI it iiiiHMl llif ( iiiMTiiiiiciil li> liiiM' tlir "Ni'irk ' iiiiulr a Hi'|iai'ul.u
l.l)WtlHlli|l.
'riiis |n'(itii)ii wiiM irt'criTfl l)y I lie aiil Inii-il.ji'N In OIiiuI^m MniriM, I'',m(|.,
IIm' Siirvi'vnr ( Jriii'iiil, wliu i'i'|Mirli'i| us t"ulluwH :
"I liiiM' I'MiiiiJiM'il llii' ;^i'iii'iiil |iliiii (it I III liivvii>'lii|i oT I >i)^liy ui'i'iii'iliii^ III llii*
^I'liril III I III' Hlljll lllW IIhI|I|I, Mini HIllllMit llll' |l ll |l lU I IIL' • Ir «'l 1 1 ■! 11 ill fill I III' |IM l|ll i li I
llMllt>4iil tliMl |iilll III liilil |ii\\ M'<lil|i In III' Hi'l ii|iiiil M'< II ill'il lli'l mill Mi'|i;iiiili' liiw II
HJilp III III' lii'irillti'l' riilli'il llll' Iii\mimIi1|i iif \\ r\ linilll li, In Wll ; 'I'li lir linilinli'il
CHHlri'ly l>.y llll' i'iihIi'I liliiiwl line nl W illiiiiii SiiiiiiiIi'|-m, iiriii' IIiiimcii will!, ho r:illi'(l,
I'liMiiiiiK iiiiimH llll- |ii'iiiiiMiilii iif Mij^liy liy Miiiil line \. 10 W. In tlii' Itiiy "I l''miily ;
IhhiiiiIi'iI nil till' iini'tli liy tin- Hity nl l'"iiiii|y, nii I lir miiuIIi liy I Iif lluy of SI. MinyV,
lllHi (III llll' WI'hI liy till' I'l'tll I'liMHii^ii, mill iiIhii In iiii'lliilr t lir JhIiiiiiIh iiillnl Lnii^
anil Iti'iiir islnniU ly iii){ In I hi' nm'mI uiinl nl' miiIiI IImiIIh iiriniilin^ In t In- miiiii'\i'iI |ilaii.
'I'llr lllinvi' In Inrill |illi't nl llll' Ili'M t n\S IImIi j |l. "
Tin- rTiuli'i' will |i('rcci\ (• liy IIk-. t'ui'i';,'(iiii;,' ilrsi'i'i|il iuii l.lial. iJii' " Ncrk"
was III III' Hrvcr.'d tViiin I Ji^^liy atid aimcxrd In Wiiyiiioiil.li, a iiiraHiirif
wliii'li s^.'-i liy no iiii'iiMs jilrasiii^' lo iIm- irilialiitaiits. 'I'lii' iiiallrr was
now ri't'ci'i'i'd to Mr. ('!iiii|ili<'ll, wlio was luif ot' llii' i'i'|iirsi'iilal ivcs of llii'
<!(»unty. Ill .liiiif, IH'J.'l, lir iTjiorliid liis conriirrriH'i! in I. lie srlu'ini'
|iro|ioMi'd. lie had lii^rii i'ci|M<-hIciI liy tlio liii'iili<iiaiil (iovcriior, llii'oii^li
l.lii^ lloiioiii'alilt^ William Hill, llicii Sfri'i'tary of tlii' I'lov iiu't', To asciTliiiri
if llii^ lioiiiidai'ics nainril liy .Mf. Morris wonid lir acrdpl.alilr In tin-
|mo|il(? whose int.i'i'fsts woidd Ix' all'rrl.cd, and <'s|ii'('ia.lly of (hosi- of tiii'
peninsula. In his i'i'|ioi I. in reply, whi(!li is a len;{l,hy one, he lirlis Mr.
Hill as follows :
"I liiivi' In nImi'i'M' I lull llii' iMliiiliitiinlH nl tlie vv .sli'in |iiiit nl I'i^liy iili'
lierfi'i'lly Hiitislii'il with t hr |ii'ii|iiini'iI arniii^i'iiii'iil . I Imil iil.sn iinl itii'il < hi' jnhnlii
tiiiilH i)( {\\f Nt'itk III till' Hiiiiii', mill yi'sti'iiliiy i'IiihwiI nvri tn Siinily (Invr, wliii'h is
iilMiiit; till) citiitri! nl' till' itiliHliitiinlH, til knnw tJii'ir iliH|iiiHiliiiiiH nn tin' miiIij< .t., mnl
foiiml twelve ^ir lifleell nf the uliief fiil'lliei'H, snriie iif whii:li win' finiii the enNleili
extjeinit.y, Hnine fimn 'rioiit ('ove iinil otiier iimls nl the ' Neik.' iininii).; wliniii uiim
■ Inliii .MniehniiHe, •{. I'., mi nlil mnl i'i's|ii'i'leil iiihithitiiiil iii'iii'Smiily ( 'nve, iiiiil VVillimii
tldhnHnti * Ifnin iieiir thi; weNteni evt remit y.
" It. ii|i|ieiii'ei| tllilt IIiIh liitt.er ^eiit leliiiiii had taken ii very ilerjileil piirt. ii^aiiiHl the
|irn|HiHei| mrmi^enieiit , mill nil hiiii).'li Mr. MnrehniiHi' Hiiiil he hiiil liikiii a riile u|illie
' Neck ' II illiy or t Wn lielnie mill fnllllil liemly llll the penple iim'eeillile In the liinili;
priipiiHeil liy HIh Kxeelleiiey, yel .Mr. ■InhiiHiiii wlin IiimI Hiiiee lieen riding iiliniit,,
mill hiul drawn up ii writing, liml Tiirty or lifty iigiiiiiHl' it, miintiu wliieli weie the
willow woiiK^n, mill iiimiy nf the HigiiatiireH were in the Kiiliie handwriting, mnl iiIhii
l,he iimiieH of perHiiiiH whn hud t he day lieinre held up their hands tn flii^ conlrary.
Mr. .VlnrehniiHe, on tiie other hand, iiMsiireil me if he hiul set out the way .Mr.
ildhnNlnn liiid he riiuld have olitiiined the Higntitnnm nf more than two thlnls nf the
InhaliitiintH in favour nf joining tli(! new tiiwiiHliip." ^ ^ ...^ ■-^■.-
* AnieHtor of the .lohiiHons of Dighy Neck, of whom I have an trmly reiMilleition
nH a very worthy and inlliiential old geiitlt^nimi, on ternis of warm friunilHliip with
llin liitd Judge KIkunah Morton, ri*'')-!
414 HISTOUY OK ANXAI'orJS.
'I'lu' (lisscntionts, however, midef (lie leiiilei'Hlii|i of .IoIiiihou cdrried tli«
«liiy, iiiul were not iiieliided in Weyimtiitli, alt liini;,di lliey t';iiled to >;et
Hel otV as ati independent townsliip. It is ii Homowhiit lUiriouH fuct tluit,
aceorditii; to Mr. ('ainpheH's statement, eisewhei'e made in t.liis sainn
report, I,om>,' and IJriai' islands had np to the time of his writiii;^ ikhc^p
Iteen inehided in any to'.v'nsliip lie conelude.s his oonnntniication liy
Htatinp one ohjeotion :
" 'riic ilcM(fi|iti()ri of W't'Viniiiilli us r(!H|)i'i'ls I hi' Cliiif lioimclurv iuhI Now
Kiliiiljiii'^h liiii' is 111)1 HO rlciirly cvpri'SHcil as to lie satisfarlory to llii' liihaliitimtH of
Clare tnid Ni'W Kciint)iir;;li, for- it' it is tlii: (lispositio!) in dctiiiiiig IIk; new townsliip to
oroHH tlio Sissilxxiunil take in the town plot of New Kdinlmrgli it is altogether against
wishes of hoth (JIare and New KiliiiltiirKli tht^ latter of wiiieii has always Ween
iiieliiileil ill Clare since tiie liist settlement. 'I'he following is the desciiption of tho
line ac^knowleilged an<l known, and called the wiwlern hoiindarv of Dighy, viz. : In
the desi'iipt ion after the word Dighy, ' 'I'lieniMi westwanlly until it nuH;ts the ('liirn
line ; tlii^iiee northerly along the said line until it strikes foiii' rods to the southwest
of Colonel Taylor's harn ; then northurly down tlii^ Sissilioo Kiver, until it strikes the
largo liar of rocks at the inoiith of tho said river; thence easterly, etc.' 'I'liis is
iigieoalilu to tho lino that has ulways lioon known and reinainod from time to time."
Mr. Canipliell was tho coiieaguo of Tlioma.s Ritchie in tho candidature
for tlio s(Nits for tlio county in tiie gonoral oloction which took phico in
1S20, in conseipience of tho <leatii of (l(!or;((! III., and svas duly rtd.urncd
as one of the repres«Mitatives. lie proved to he an active and useful
menihor, and held his .st^at initil \H'27, wIkmi a new elc^ction took
place, at whicli, I ixdieve, he decline! I to become a candidate. Ilo
was placed in the OommisHion of the Peace in middle life, and \u>vi' tlie
name of Ixdii}^ an impartial atid intellifjent maf^istrate. lie was for
several year.s oru^ of the local Board of Land Connnissioners, and also
Suh-collector of Customs at New Edinburgh for a lonj? period of time
and until his death.
NoTK. — He was lialf-hrother of the late Hon. John ('am|>liell, of Liverpool, and of
the late Colin Cain)ilH'll, sen., of Weyinoiith. liegistrar of Deeds, and half-unclo of
tho late Hon. Colin Campbell, of VVoyniouth. He married, first, a daughter of
Saniuol Marshall, M.I'. I*, for Yarmouth; and seconil, a daughter of Serono U.
Jones, M.IM'., of Wftymouth. A daughter by first wife married Henry Dwight
KuggloH, M.I)., of Weymouth, and has many doseondants. He was a good specimen
of tho "old school'' of colonial gentlemen. — [I'^n.]
JOHN' KOMKHTSUN. 4 I T)
JOHN HoliKirrsoN.
IM'20 IS-J7.
TliiH ^*>ntlt>iniiii wiis a son of (lie liilc Colimcl Williiuu llolmrlsori who
ropH'smtofl tlic towiiNliip of Armupiilis IVoin IHOS to IMII, iind wIioh*?
iMt'iuoir liasiilrcady Im'cii '/wru to (,lic rcarlcr. lit- mairit'd a (lani,'li(cr nf
H'i'i'dcrick I)av(»n<% inrritiiuicd clscwlici't!.*
\t\ liiH youth Mr. Huhritsoii inaiiifestcd ho ^rcat, a love for tht' sna that
ho ran away from Ids hoinc; in ordcir to gratify his (h-sin^ for a lifo upon
itH waters. Kii(if»wtMi with an indonntahli' will, a daring spirit and
strong physical organization, he was a(hniral)ly suited to (•oini)al th(^
dangors and hardships incident to a sea going life. He s(M)n heeaine a
good sailor, and rose rapidly to tlu^ position of second niatt^ in a large
Indiarnan, the name of which I have heen unahlc! to recover. An
anecdote connected with his service! on hoaid tiiis sliip is wortiiy of
record. On one of his voyages to or from a |)orl in the Kast Indies the
sliip was attack(ul hy a piratical armed vessel, and would have sutt'ered
cajiture if it had not hetiii for his (Miolness and courage on l\\('. occasion.
When the enemy was discovered she was a considerahle distanct! t,o wind
ward, but was rapidly hearing down upon th(^ sliip, and scton after sent a
shot across her bow as a command to Imave to. The captain hastily
called a council of his olli(;ers, informed them that there wert! no arms
on board and urgi-d upon them the propriety of the peaceful surrend«!r
of the ship and her cargo as the best means of saving their liv<!s, a
course wliioli would havt- undoul)t(Mlly been adopted if IlolxTtson had
not opposed it. lie said it would, in his judgment, Ix! bettcM" to sell
their lives, if necessary, in the defence of tins vess<'l and cargo, than to
submit tamely to a capture which could lead only to their being
murdered in cold blood ; that the crew would make a good defence
with such weapons as wt'.w at hand, and us(! evesry means in their powcu"
to beat off the assailants, and tiiat such a united and determined eilbrt
would have, at least, a chance of success. Having then olVered to takts
charge of the ship and conduct the defence, by [)C!rmission of the captain,
he was placed in the temporary connnand. lie then addressed the crew
in a spirited speerli telling them the dangei' they all wei'e in, and how h«;
proposed to meet it. The men hailed his plans and his pluck with shouts
of approval, and placing themselves under liis command, under his
direction began to arm themselves with hands{)ikes, niarlinspikes and
other bludgeons for the conflict in which they were to contend for
liberty and life.
Nearer and nearer approached the piratical cruiser until she was
* S«)e page 248.
410 HISTORY OF ANN*POLIS.
within easy range of the merchantman. Robertson now ordered tlie
latter to be hove to, as if it wer^i the intention to sui-render at discretion,
bidding the crew to conceal themselves behind the bulwarks until he gave
the order to act. In the meantime boat? were lowered by the enemy,
filled with armed men and .sent to take possession of what they looked
upon as a certain prize. The first of the boats ai -"oached the ship on
the larboard side, and when her crew were in the act, of boarding, they
were met by an unexpected attack by the crew of the si.ip, so sudden and
impetuous, so vigoi-ous and furious that but few of the assailants escaped
destruction, many of them being hurled back into the sea and drowned
and many more killed outright. The other boat, which approached
the opposite side of the ship a few minutes later, suffered a similar fate,
her crew having met an ecjually vigorous and disastrous repulse. The
evening was now about closing in, and the enemy fearing from what had
taken place that his own capture might follow if he should continue his
operations, allowed the vessel to continue her voyage without further
molestation.
For the coolness and bravery exhibited by Mr. Roliertson in thus
saving the ship and her cargo, which was a valuable oin; — both being
insured with Lloyds — he was presented by the undeiv^ iters yitV< a b'^ivis
of ^500 sterling, as a recognition of the valuable service rendered by him
on that occasion. He soon aftei wards -abandoned the sea and devoted
himself to mercantile business in his native town.
On the demise of the Crown in 1820 the Assembly was dissolved and
writs were issued for a general election. Mr. Robertson was brought out
as a candidate to oppose Phineas Lovett, jun.,* a gentleman of much
influence ai_d of good family, who had previously announced himself as a
candidate for the township seat. Mr. Lovett, who, lieside being a
prominent merchant, had many other advantages in his favour, it was
generally believed, would be successful ; which he probably would have
been but for the extraordinary tact with which Mr. Robertson conducted
the campaign.
Shortly after this election, owing to unforeseen and unexpected losses,
he failed in business, and was arrested by one or more of his creditors
and thrown into prison. On the meeting of the Assembly it asserted its
privilege by demanding his relenw, that he might atterr? to his legislative
duties during the session. No si,iiilar case had ever before occurred in
the history of the county, and I do not think one has since happened.
Mr. Robertson died early in August ^ S72, aged 88. His self-reliant
and straightforward conduct in lifegaiu-.-d for liim the ipspect and regard
of the community in which he resided. He left many descendants.
•This Phineas Lovett was a son of Colonel Lovett, and grandson of Captain
Phineas Lovett. He never obtained a seat in the Assembly.
AliHAIIAM (iKSN'KH. 417
ABRAHAM (}ESNE1{.
lS'24-lS-2:.
The silhject of this memoir was l)orn in Now Jpisev, in 175'). H»>
was a twin biother of the late Henry (iesner, of Cornwallis, who was the
father of Abraham (Jesner, M.D., the well-known geologist and wiiter.
The family are of Swiss origin, and emigrated fiom tlie Fatherland early
in the eighteenth century to America, where they soon became the owners
of valuable real estate in New Jersey, wliich was afterward confiscate<l
on account of their adhesion to the lloyal cause in the revolutionary
contest.
In a memorial to Sir James Kempt, in 1H2H, asking for half-pa}', Mr.
Gesner informerl His Excellency that he had entered the military service
of his country at the age of sixteen years, in the King's Orange Rangers^
then commanded by Samuel V. Bayard ; that he was with Sir H'^nry
Clinton in his northern expedition, and present at the storming and
taking of Fort Montgomery, and was in another engagement of less note;
that he had bought his commission from a Captain Bethel ; that he had
sought refuge with the British army in 1776, and came to this place in
1779; and that he had served in the militia of this colony for the long
period of forty years — that is to sa\', from 1788.
To>vard the close of the past century, he became the proprietor of tlie
Noble property, in Granville, then known as the Alexander Howe farm,
which included lots Nos, 95, 96, and 97, in that township, including
an area of 1,500 acres of marsh, pasture and woodland. This estate ho
took much pride in improving and beautifying. To him the people of
the county are greatly indebted for the present flourishing condition of
its fruit orchards. So fully was he persuaded of the value of this branch
of industry that he imported, from time to time, scions of the most
approved varieties of apples from Great Britain and the United States,
at his own expense, for gratuitous distribution, with a view to create and
encourage a love for pomological pursuits. He paid unusual attention to
fruit culture on his own farm, ai.d had the pleasure of possessing as the
result of his skill and efforts, the finest and most productive fruit orchard
in the county, perhaps in the Province.
In 1824, Thomas Ritchie having vacated his seat in the Assembly, by
accepting the appointment of a seat on the bench of the Inferior Court of
Common Pleas, Mr. Gesner, or as he was more generally called, Major
Gesner, was brought out as a candidate to fill the vacancy, and was duly
returned. His uprightness of character and sincerity of purpose com-
manded the respect oi parliament and people, though he seldom spoke on
any other than questions connected with local aflFairs.
27
41S HIST(»UV (IF ANN'.VI'or,IS.
In the gciit'ial electiun of l(S"J7, lie declined a iioiiiiimtidii, urgiiij; the
inci'easiiig infirmities of u<^e and his desire to finish his few roniainiiii^
yeais in the pursuits to which he had devoted so lai'j,'e a part of his life,
and in which he had enjoyed so much happiness and success. His
descendants are very numerous, and some of them still own and occupy
portions of tlie extensive and valuable homestead.
THOMAS CHAN1)LE1{ II ALI15UKT0N.
1827-1820.
The County of Annapolis has been signally foi'tunate in having lieen
represented in the Legislature of the Province by so great a number of
distinguished and able men. Among these none have deserved or
obtained so wide a celebritj' as he whose name stands at the head of this
memoir. As barrister, legislate.!' and judge, he has left a record of which
his countrymen need not be ashamed, while his writings have gained for
him a fame of which they may boiust with just pleasure and pride. Mr.
Haliburtoii was l)orn in Wind.sor, December 17th, 1796. "He was
descended from an ancient Scottish family of the same name mentioned
in Border history of the sixteenth century as ' leal, true and honest men
and good lx>rderers against the English.' In the early part of the
eighteenth century, .ind near the close of Queen Anne's reign, a branch of
the family omigrated to Boston in the (now) United States. Mr.
Haliburtoii was the only child of William Hersey Otis Haliburton, who
was Clerk of the Peace for the County of Hants in 1 780, and afterwards
u justice of the Court of Common Pleas, by Lucy, eldest daughter of
Major Grant, an otKcci- of professional reputation, who fell while resisting
an attack made by a boily of rebels during the American revolutionarj'
war." The foregoing particulars have been copied from i\Iorgan's
Bibliotheca CatM'kusiK, which, however, errs in imputing to the Nova
Scotia branch a Loyalist oiigin, for the father of W. H. O. Haliburton
was among the settlers in Newport, Hants County, in 1760.*
The following is cu!' d fr'^ni the fragment of a manuscript of Mrs.
William M. Jt)hnstoue, tne mother of the late Hon. Jas. W. Johnstone :
" Mr. Johnstone wa.s made an ensign in the New York volunteers under
* I will further aild that W. H. O. Hulibiirton was born September 3r(l, 1767,
in Hanta County, and was one of seven children: (1) William, born September
2nd, 1762, died'April 16tli, 1764 ; (2) Susanna Hamilton, born May 16th, 1765 ; (3)
W. H.Otis; (4) Charlotte, born September 20th, 1770; (5) Abigail, born .Funt
15th, 1773 ; (6) John (Justavus, born January 23rd, 1775 ; (7) (Jeorge Mordant, born
June 30th, 1777. Their father was William Haliburton, born April 16th, 173'.>,
and married in Nova Scotia, April 9th, 1761, Susanna Otis. George, a brother of
William, also came to Nova Scotia among the early settlers, and was Registrar of
Deeds of Kings County in 1766. — [Ei>.]
HON. THOMAS CHANDLER HALinURTON,
THOMAS (HANKI-Klt 11 AI.IIIUUTDN. 419
tilt! fdMiiimiid of iiii old Scotch vt'tciaii who was lik»' u t'ath«'r to him,
-luid lovtMJ him as a son. Mr. Johnston*' was near him when he fell
dead in gallantly storming Fort Montjfonuiry. His widow and dau;;hters
<!ame after the pence to Nova Scotia. Th(! former perished in the snow
at Partridj,'*' Island near St. John, N.IS., along with Colonel Chandler
anrl many others. The daughters married, one a Chandler, «)ne a Morse,
and one Mr. Halihuiton, of Windsor, father of the present judge, author
of 'Sam Slick.'"
Ml". Halihurtoii was at the (Jraininar School, and afterwards at the
Univei-sity of King's College, Windsor, under the Rev. Dr. William
Porter, of Bra/.enose College, Oxford, tmd the Rev. William Cochran, of
'i'rinity College, Dublin, having matriculated in 1810. His career in
college, where he gividuatt^l in ISj.'), was marked hy complete success and
the attainment of high honours. On leaving college he made choice of
the pi-ofession of law, the study of which he probably pursued at
Windsor. Having c(»ncluded his studies he was duly admitted a barrister
•of the Supreme Court in 1820. In July, 1821, he removed to Annapolis,
which continueil to be his home ur.til his aj)pointment to the Bench in
October, 182it. It was during this period that he wrote his "Historical
and Statistical Aciount " of his native province. He had rot been long
settled in the '• ancient capital " before he ac([uired an extensive and
luciative practice and became a popular advocate. In 1827 a general
election took place, and Mr. Haliburton was bnmght forward as a candi-
date ff»r one of the county seats, and his friends were successful in
jeturning him by a fair majority. He w.as at the same time judge in
the Court of Probate and Wills, an otKce which he continued to hold as
long as he lived in the county. At the meeting of the new Assembly he
■commenced his short but commendable career as a member of the
Legislature. He is said to have possessed brilliant oratorical powers.
Murdoch thus speaks in connection with one of his efforts in the Assem-
bly, but I will (juote some passages from the speech he eulogizes. One of
the results of the general election was the choice of a Roman Catholic
gentleman by a constituency in Cape Breton. The " Declarations and
Test Oaths against Popery " were a bar to his taking his seat in the
Assembly, because as a Catholic he would not take sucli oaths. Richard
-lohn Uniacke, on the meeting of the House, moved an "address to His
Majesty praying him to dispense with the oaths hitherto required." Mr.
Haliburton seconded the resolution, and in doing so delivered a speech
so characterized by breadth of charity and nobleness of feeling, by regard
for civil and religious liberty, and by such true eloquence that it deserves
to be repnxluced. After some pertinent preliminary remarks he said
" He was proud to make the acknowledgment that he stood there the unsolic'tf.d
And voluntary friend and advocate of the Catholics. In considering this question
420 HISTORY OK ANNAPOLIS.
he sIhiiiIiI Mt't nut witli Htating tliiit cvury iiiaii IiikI ii ri^lit to imrtiiipatc in the
civil goveiniiiont of tlmt cimiilfv of which lit- uiis a iiiemlH-i', witiioiit tlii' iiiiposilioii
of any tt'Ht outhH, iirili?«N micli ruHliiction wax iieneHHai'v to tho Nafety of thiit (govern-
nioiit ; Imt when the Stuart rai^e heranir rxtind the tent oaths Hhouhl liavo hecn
l)urit'(l witli the last of that unfortiinatf family. Wliatovcf niigiit he the effect of
einaiiei|mtion in (Sroat liritain, h(Me there was not the slightest pretension for
eontinuing restriotions, for if tiie whole Flouse and all the < 'i>\ineil were Catholies it
would 't! inipoHsilile to alter the Const itiition, for the governor was ap|)ointeil l»y
the kir^ i\v \ not hy the people, and no ,\i't eoulil jiass without his consent. What
W(U» the icasui. I !i:vt I'i'otestants anil Catholics, in this country, uiingleil in the same
•oc'.il v,ircle and lived in such perfect harmony'' How was it that the (Catholic
mourned his Protestant friencl in ileatli whom he liad loved in life, put his hand to
the hier, foUowed hia nu)rlal remains t<i their last ahode, and mingled his tears with
the dust that covered him?" . . ,
Aftek reference to the state of this matter in Enj,'lancl and Ireland, ht^
referred to the old monastic institutions of the former country as follows :
"The property of the Catholic (Jhiu'c-h had passeil iiito the hands of the
Protestant clergy, the glebes, the tythes, the donuiins of the monasteriea. Who
could behold those monasteries, still venerable in their ruins, without regret '/ The
abodes of science and of charity and hospitality, where the wayworn pilgrim and
the weary traveller reposed their' limbs, and partook of the iios]>ital)le cheer, wlierc
the jMior received their daily food, and in the gi-atituile of their hearts imploied
blessings on the good and pioiis nun who fed them ; wliere learning hehl its court,
and science waved its torch amid the ghiom of itarbarity and ignorance.
"Allow me, Mr. Speaker, to stray as I often have done in years gone by, for
hours and for days amidst those ruins, and tell me -for you, too, have paused to
view the desolate s(;ene — did you not seem to heai', as you passed through those
tessellated courts' and grass-grown pavements, the faint sounds of the slow and
solemn nuirch of the holy pro('e.-*sion '/ Did you not seem to hear the evening chime
fling its soft and melancholy music over the still, seipiestered vale, oi heivr the
seraph choir pour its full tide of song through the long protracted aisle, or along
the high and arched roof ?
" Did not the mouhlering colunm, the (Jothic arch, the riven wall and the ivied
turret, while they drew the unbidden sigh at the work of the spoiler, claim the
tribute of a tear to the memory of the gi'eat and good men who founded them V It
was said that Catholics were unfriendly to civil liberty ; but that, like many other
aspersions cast upon them, was false! Who ei'eated Magna C'iiarta ? Who
established judges, trial by jury, magistrates, sheriti's, etc. ? Catholics ! To that
calunuiiated people we were indebted for all that we most boasted of. Were tliey
not brave and loyal ? Ask the verdant sods of Chrysler's Farm, ask Chateauguay,
ask Queenston Heights, and they will tell you they cover Catholic valnur t- ".
Catholic loyalty — the heroes who fell in the cause of their counti-y ! He^ >. %i here
there was no cause of division, no property ir dispute, their feelings had full scope.
We found them good subjects and good friends. Friendship was natural to the
heart of man, as the ivy seeks the oak and clings to its stock, and embraces
its stem, and encircles its limbs in beautiful festoons and wild luxuriance ;
and aspires to its top, and waves its tendrils above it as a banner, in
triumph of having conquered the king of the forest. Look at the township of
Clare. It was a beautiful sight, a whole people having the same customs, speaking
THOMAS ( IIAXDI.KK II AMIUIlTdN. 421
till- siiiiit' liin){uii)i(i', mill uniting in tin- Minnie it'li^ion. It wiih ii sight umtliy tiit^
iidniitation of inun und tlio ii)i|ii'iiliiiti(in of (iml. I^xik ill tliuir worthy (mHtor, the
Alili" Sig<igiK> ; Met- him ill xiinrisc with IiIh littli' tlock uioiinil liini, returning thunk^i
to the <iiv<-r of 111! goiid things. Follow him to the lieil of HickncHH, Ht>e iiini pouring
the hidni of cnnNolatiori into thu woiuiiIh of the iilllicttMl ; into IiIh titOil, where he way
setting an •.'Xiunple of indiistrv to IiIh peofde; into hiseloHet, where he wan inHtriieting
the innoeence of youtii ; into tiie eiiii)iel, iiiiil you would see the .siiviigo, rushing from
the wilderticMM with nil his wild and ungoverniilile pussions upon him. standing
siilidueil and awed in the presunee of the holy man I Voii woiilil hear him tell him
to diseern this (iod in th(^ stilliiesti and mditiide of the forest, in the roar of the
eataract, in the order and splendour of the planetary sy stein, and in the diurnal
change of night and da}'. That savage forgets not to thank his god that the white
man has taught him the light of revelation in the dialeet of the indiaii."
H»> tlien entered into a (letiiiltMl account of the removal of the
French Acadians, too Iciif^tliy for insertion, and continued, " As the
rejiresentative of the descendants ftf these jieople, lie asked not for the
removal of the restrictions as a favour; he would not accept it from
their commiseration, he ih-nianded it from their justice." He concluded
by sayiny :
" Kvery man who lays his hand on the Sew Testament and says that is his hook
of faitli, whether he l»e Catholic or Protestant, ('hiirchiniin or Dissenter, Hiiptist or
Methodist, however much we may diller in doctrinal jmints, he is my brother and
I einhrace him. We all travel liy different roads to the sumo <iod. In that path
which I pursue, should I meet a t'atholic 1 salute him, I journey with him, and
when we shall ai'rive at the flamwanliu limiiia iiiviifli — when that time shall come,
as come it must ; when the tongue that now s]ieaks shall moulder and decay ; when
the lungs that now hreatho the genial air of heaven shall refuse nie their office ;
when these earthly vestments shall sink into the bosom of their mother earth, and
be ivady to mingle with the clods of the valley, I will, with that Catholic, take a
lo'.iging, lingering, retrosjiective view. I will kneel with him, and instead of
saying in the words of the ])iesum]itii(ius Pharisee, * I thank (iod I am not like this
papist,' I will pray that, as kindred, we may lie eipially forgiven, that as brothers
we may be both received."
In 1829 he received the ippointment of Ciiief Justice* of the Inferior
Courts of Common Pleas for the middle division of Nova Scotia. He
was then but thirtj'-two years old, being the youngest judge in that court,
and he honourably and faithfully discharged the duties of his judicial
position until the Conmion Pleas Ccturt was abolished and the judges
were granted pensions. In 11S41 he was appointed u justice of the
Supreme Court, and for fifteen years " lie exercised the functions of
that important ofHce with unvarj'ing zeal and ability." In February,
185(), he resigned his .seat on the bench, and soon after went to England,
where he took up his residence during the remainder of his life.
Mr. Haliburton visited England in 1838, and on his return in May,
* As remarked on page .S!4, note, the other judges were not of the profession, bnt
chosen from the Magistrates of the County.
42*2 MIS'IOIIV OK ANXAIMH.IS.
\KVJ, h«' was ti'iiilfTt'd a |)ul)lic (liiiiH'r wliiili ho acci-ptrd, aii<] wliid*
took plai'<' on tlu> llh of .Iiiih', tin* late lion, .lanu's Hoyli' I'liiiiiki'
I>n'siiliiig. On tlie occasion of the annoiinccnicnt of tlic fouitli " toa.st '
— " Tliomas C. Haliburton, Kst|., our (listiiif^uislu'd ^wsi and ixuintiy-
inan ; to liini his native land is indfl)tcd for tlic first ic(H)rd of its history,
and hy liis talents and {genius his name is enrolled in the annaU of
literaturn '
III his reply Mr Haliliiirtoii ''tliaiiked the |iri'siil<'iit for the tliittcring rcinaikK
with which lio pi-ofaccd the toiist, and the I'liinpanv for the kindly feelings they had
evinced on drinking it. He icferreil to the history of Nova fSeotia, and gave liis
reasons for writing it. As a native he knew his country had heeii niisreprcHcntrd in
ull the Ixioks which had noticed the I'rovince. It was dechired to he cold, sterile
and forbidding, and o(dy a lit hahitation for wolves. The Reverend Doctor Cmhiiin
anil the Reverend Ml'. Hrowii had lioth taken grnit pains in coljecling materials,
with the intention of submitting similar works to the public, but the hand of <leath
had interposed and their labours were stopped. He ha<l written a history of No\'a
S<!otia, not as Tory, Whig or Radical, but l>ecauHe he was proud of his coiintiy and
anxious to ex])lain its history, its topography, its line harbours and its great
resources. The work, he said, was hastily written, and while his tiuu- was occupieil
with legislative business and the arduous duties of his profession. He was at(are
of its many defects, but he was also aware that they had Iieeu generously o\cr-
looked. Much as ids friends might think he had done for his country by the histoiy
to which he alluded, still he was satisfied that he had not done enough. He loiigcil
to see the industries and enterprises of the Province more fully set forth, aiul with
this view he had already given jniblicity to the ' Sayings arul Doings of Saui Slick,'
with whom he had made two journeys, and intended making a third. He repeated
his acknowledgments for the honour done him amid applause, and resinned his-
seat."
This occasion afforded him an opportunity of making' the first autliori-
tative announcement of the authorsiiip of "The (Jlockmaker "— a con-
fession he felt it his duty to make in order to correct tlu^ impression
resting on many minds that the author, whoevei- he was, intended
nothing more than to amuse his readers by a relation of laughahie
stories ; an object the furthest removed from his real i)urpose, namely,
to use them only as an instrument in exciting the public atK'ntion to
lessons of most serious import to the public welfare. From this tijiie
his readers' minds were directed to the serious, practical and useful
side of the subjects discussed, and which was none the le.ss effective
because it came accompanied by shouts of uproarious laughter.
"Shortly after Judge Huliburton took up his residence in Kngland he was
solicited to come forward as a niembei' for the House of Coiiinu)ns foi- the County
of Middlesex, a proposal which he declined ; but at the general election in IS;"!! he
was induced to go into Parliament nuiinly from his friemlship with the Duke of
Northmuborland, who offered him his support as a canditlate for Launceston, where
the Duke's influence was very strong. The borough wi.s small, and the labours
imposed on its representative was light. His ambition did not, however, lead him
THOMAS rilANItl.KH IIAMIHIflON. 42:{
t(><'"iv«l lliiit <li><liiic'ti()M, iiMil liin lifiillli mill fci-lin^H ri'inlncil iiiii'liiitiii-iitiii v liti-
MDliii-vvllllt il'ksiiiiut to llilll. ill llJH s|i)'iM'li lit urklliiwlfil^'llirllt nil I III' iiirasliill ot
liiti election, lie tliiinkt'il tlin otoutoi'H, ' imt int'icly in Imh nun naiiK', Imt mi lH>liulf nt
four inillioii of liiitiMJi Hulijt'i'lH on the otluT Niilr of tjir watrr, uliii, u|) to tiii'
|ii't's<'iit time, liail not iiail out' iiiiliviiliial in tlir Hiiiist> of ('niiinioiH tliiou^'li uliniii
Ihvy ini^'ht lir liraril.' 'I'lu! new int'inlifr for Laiinct'.ston look liiM neat in tiii! Hiiiimc
an a CoiiMcrvativf, Imt at tlic name time lieclaieil iiiniMelf to lie 'a ie|ife><entalivi' of
all parties rather than uh a party niMii." "
At u largo moeting at Ti'iymnoutli, William I.iiulHay, M.P., lia%iiig
HItokeii of tilt' tist'fulnoss of tltn huiiioioiis wmks of tin- aiitlior of "Sam
Slick," tli«' following cluivactoristic reply was elicited from the author :
" Mr. Linilsay has alluileil to my liooks ami said there was an ohjert of
MsefuliiesM !!! tlsL'ni. Ju that he is right, for I shouM imieeil feel ashameil of mynelf
— it wouhl 1)1) very unsiiitalile and very iiiiiiiiipatilile with the Hitiiation of iiuljjo,
whiuh I have held in another part of the world — if I should sit down and write a
jestliook to make people laugh. That would lie a very uiidignitied employinent for
a judge, and a very unprofitable one ; hut I thought I might do a very gieat serviee
to my oonntrynien fori am a native of the other side of the water (irovided I
could convey to them certain truths which I thought would ' e either too homely
for them to care much ahoiit, or too dry for them, unlc , lik" doctors jiills, they
had a little 8ugar put uhout them. I, therefore, wrapped them with a litle huinonr.
in order that when people read them for amusement tliey might find that they had
learned soniething they did not know liefore.
" During his residence at Isleswoitli he endeared himself to the peojile in
contributing assistance to their local institutions and aiding their philanthropical
and charitable efl'orts, and in identifying himself with their interests generally.
The village of Islesworth will henceforth be associated with the most |)lcasing
reminiscences of Mr. Justice Haliburton ; the names of t'owley, Thompson, I'ope
and VVal pole will find a kindred sj)iril in the world-wide reputation of the author
«if ' Ham Slick,' who, like them, did on the banks of the Thames. "'
He died at Isleswortli, England, August '2"th, 1865.
Tlie following will he found a tolerahly correct list of the writings of
Mr. Haliburton, and will possess considerable intere.^t for our readers :
1. "An Historical and Statistical .Account of Nova Scotia," 1821^.
This work is too well known to re([uirp any special notice here. It
comprised two volumes and was printed in Halifax, and met with a
considerable sale and the thanks of th« provincial As,semblj'. It is
now becoming rare
2. "The Clockmaker." This work consisted of three series, and itx
humorous aspects immediately attracted more than cohmial recognition,
editions having been issued from the English and American press, whicli
found a ready and extensive sale on both sides of the Atlantic, and did
more to make the author's name known abroad than anything he ever
wrote. They were first published in 1837, 1838 and 1840 respectively.
3. "The Letter Bag of the Grc.»c Western; or, Life in a Steamer,"
42+ IIISTOIIV (>!•" AN'XAI'OI.IS.
IHK», ill oiif Noliiiiir. (Jnin|)Uif«| with its iiinin'il'iitc iuimIi-coshui'm this
Milniii)' wiiH i|)-ciil*'(|ly iiiffiior, and ii<it mi woil ifcfivcil tiy tin- |iulili<',
lli<)U;{li it fiiiiiiil lulinircrs.
1. " Tlif Itiihlilt's of C'luiiulii," iiiic vdliimi', 1M3J), t'ouiul iiiiuiy ifiulcis,
l)ut t'uiifti til ikIiI v«)ry much to tlic writi'i's n>|iutiitiiiii.
."> •' A lt»'|ily to tilt' Rt'iMdt uf till' Karl of Mmliain,'' one volmiit*, IH.Sn.
TliiH |ii(Hluct.i<iii WHS t'stiiiialfd stry ilillert'iitly liy ditlcri'iit loadorH,
nccordiii^ as its political views a;,'rt'«'d « itii or opposed tlicir owti.
(5. "Wist- Saws and Modern Instantcs/one volume, IS\'.\. Lik(^ tlie
last nu'iitioiifd tiiis work met with general commendation, and had an
c'Xtensi\e sale.
7. "The Old .hul^ie ; or, l-it'e in a (.'olony," one volume, \Hi'.\. Tliis
volume was ea^ieily received liy American readers, and addtnl consider
alily to tlie author's reputation in Kn;;land.
S. '' Huh' and Misrule of the English in Ameri>^'ii," one volume, 1843.
TluH l)o«ik has never receiNcd the credit it deserv»'s. The laVNmr and
r(>search bestowed ujiun it must have lieen \ery great. His estimate of
the Puritan character, religious, so'ual and political, would of necessity
render it unpo[>ular in New Kngland, and the indiiferencu of the middle
classes of th(> Knglish people t,)war(l American historical subjects offered
a sulKcient bar t<i a laigt; sale iraong them. Notwithstanding its past
negU'ct we Iuinc an abiding faith that the time will come when it will
add to Mr. HaliburtonV: lit'T ; y fame,
9. "The Attache; or, .Sam Slick in England, (mo volume, 1843 and
18 14. The liero of this Ixxik outdoes himself in the realms of drollery
and broad humour, though he does not fail to impress a moral of serious
and wholesome Import upon the minds of his readers.
10. '-Nature and Human Nature," one volume, 1855. Hocial and
political jihilosojihy and the illustration of many serious truths mingle
with the smiles e.xcited by its perusal. It was a favourite at home and
ubrotul.
11 "An Address at (Jlasgow on the Present Condition and Resources
of British North America," 1857. This address was intended to make
the native land of the author ">hI the adjoining colonies better known
and esteemed in the parent country, and was in some degree instrumental
in carrying its aim into effect.
12. "The Season Ticket," 1858, 1859. A very interesting book, not so
well known in this country as some of his other works.
1 3. " A Speech in the House of Commons on the Repeal of the Timljer
Duties, and Colonial WofMi," 1860. This speech brought before *Aie
Commons a view of the subject discussed from a standpoint not easily to
be attained by other members of that Ixniy, and was of considerable
interest as presenting the opinions of a colonist on the matter, and not
without its appropriate influence on tlie debivte.
THOMAS illANDI.KIl IIALIIUIITOX. 42.'»
("Tmits of AiiK'iii'ivn llumour," niif vulunic, IHI.'J, nwl " Tin-
Aini'iieiiiis ut Hoiiii- ; or, Bye ways, BiickwtMxlH mid I'riiiiios," oiii'
viilmnc, lf<4.'<, wen* ooinpildtioiis <'<lit(Ml l»y Jud^jf llalUmrlon ; and
"Sayings uixl Doings ut' Sam Slick, Eki\., with Inn <i|»iiii(His on Matii
iiumy," une voluiiu', jSH, "Sam Sliok in Sj-aroli of a Wife," om- volume,
1HH, and " Yaiik»'<> Stoiii's," one volume, ISr)*J, woro uiiautliori/ed
Ameiiraii editions of i»aitH of his jireviMusly named works, with some
int)'i'|)oialions and adrlitions. Kn. {
Of his humorous woiks a wfitei* of no mean note says;
" I liavu I'ViT I'i'iiil mill Miliit'cl tliu i onvi'isiitinii • of Siiiniirl .Sliik, imt for liiMn<>\ir,
■ '\i|iiiKiti' anil iiicv iih it is, in iiiiiny of tlx'ir chiiiittTs, Itiit foi' tlic ili-ep, inHtriict ivi',
iniiial anil simini It'sMonM of practii'iil instnirtioii thry t'onvey to llii- country. There
is not a |ir<>vincial tMiMtiiMi. npininn or prcjuilicc oppoNcil to stoaily or pcrHcxcring
iniiuHtiy, ami, of course, to the projfress of iniliviihial anil Kcneral priis|«'rity, wiiicli
is not expoHcil ami Ireateil uitli ciiiiKninniato tact anil riilicule. . . . The natural
ailvantagcs of this coinitry arc ilruw n in ;,'luwing colours, Imt these re ever set otl'
with jokuH upon inilolcnce ami want of energy ami enterprise, too highly coloiu'eil
perhaps, Imt still done with sutlicicni skill to point the moral."
In lelation to the literary works of Mr. Ilalihurton a writer in the
Hlhliotliii'ii Cdniuli-nxis, of Morgan, writes thus concerning tiieni :
" For the purpose of piesci-ving or at least reviving Monie anccihitcs anil gooil
stories, that were then fast living out, connccteil with colonial life, he hegan ii series
of anonyiuous articles in the Xnra Sioliiiii lu'wspaper, then eiliteil l>y Josoph H.»we,
anil made use of a Yankee jieillar an his mouthpiece. The character thufl ailopteil
or inuigincil proved to Ik- a ' hit," and was copied liy the American press. They
were collected and pulilished at Halifax anonymously, and several editions were soon
iiftci issued in the United .States of America. A copy was taken hence to Kngland
liy (ieneral Fox, who gave it to Kichard Bently, the piililisher. To Judge Tfali-
linrton's surjirise he learned that an Knglish edition had l)eeu issued and was very
favouralily received in Kngland. For some time the authorship was asHigned to an
Anu'rican gentlenuin in London, \nitil .Mr. Halihurton visited the .Mother Country
and liecame known as the author. For his ' Sam Slick ' he received nothing from
the puhlisher, as the work had not lieen eopyrighted, Itut Mr. Hently presented him
with a silver salver, on v, liich was an inscription, written by th(> Reverend Richard
Barliani, l)etter known as the author of the ' Ingoldslty Legends.
" Hetween Harham, TheiMlore Hook and Mr. Halihurton an intimacy sprang up.
They frciiiiently dined togethei' at the Atheuieum to which they U'longeiL and many
good stories told by Hook and Barhani were rememliered by the Judge long after
death had deprived him of their society."
NoTK itv THE Kditok. — As a judge, Haliburton was not gifted with the legal
learning or calm, judicial mind of his namesake and contemporary. Chief Justice
Halliburton, nor the acute ])enetration of .Judge Hliss, but he was fully e<puil to the
average of the judges of his day. He was reluctant to l)o l>oiu)d l)y precedents,
and had a wholesome contempt for technicalities when they inter|M>sed an obstacle
* George Rennie Young.
42() IIISTOUV OF AXN'Al'OI.IS.
to the .■iiliniiiisUiitioii of justice anil right Itt'twecii man unci miui. His iMiii,tant
study of, and ket-n insigiit into, iiiiiniin natuii,-, and of tlic niotliodn and lial>its of
mind of people of ev(.Ty vAuhh in tiie Province, made iiim a strong judge on eircuit,
wlieie lie was (|uiek to detect and Wold to denounce iicrjury and fraud, and in
I'riniinal cases lie was proverbially a "terror to evil-doers." He eoiilil show liiit
scant patience to a counsel seeking hy technicalities, or hy working on the feelings
of a jui-y, to secure the acipiittal of a prisoner olivioiisly guilty. Ue was prompt
and dei'ided in the execution of judicial i)nsiness. His sense of the luilicroiis and
fondness for punning were very conspicuous on the liench, and somelinies to a degree
not altogether consistent with the dignity of the position, or the gravity of the
occasion.
JOHN E. MOIITOX.
IS27-IS30.
Mr. >r()rtoii's father was piobably th<' first male cliild born in Cori\-
wallis after the French expulsion, havinj? been i)orn in that township in
1761. He was descended from an ancient Scottish family "of some
repute," as he modestly aflirnis in his memorial to the Earl of Dalliousie
in 1821. In the .same document lie says that he lost his right lej; in \~~(t
when fifteen 3'ears old, from the accidental discharge of a holster pistol
in the hands of Lieutenant-CJovernor Arbuthnot, at a militia review
which t(X)k place in that year in Cornwallis. In 1783, being then
twenty-two years of age, he removed to New lirunswick and " went
into trade " on the St. John River, where he " had charge of buihling
the first ship constructed in that province." This ship was called the
Lord Slif(flfifd, and was sold to Arnold* and Ho/t, merchants of St.
John, and tradition adds that the purchasers never paid the price
agreetl on.
In 1794 ho was made a J. P. for the county in which he resided, but in
1802, at the earnest solicitation of Sir John Wentworth, then Lieutenant-
Governor of the Province, he removed hither, and chose the lieautiful
village of Digby as his future home. Here he was at once put into the
Commission of the Peace, and in 1805 was appointed Deputy Registrar
of Deeds, Deputy Collector of Imports and Excise, Preventive Otticer of
the port (without salary) and Sub-collector of Customs. In 1810 he was
mad<^ Justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, and judge in the
Court of Probates and Wills for the districts of Digbj' and Clare.
These ofHces, he declared, did not yield him a revenue of .£100 a year.
He performed all the duties of them without employing an assistant, and
he speaks of them as being "arduous, expensive and perilous." In the
event of a division of the county, which was then in agit' tion, he feared
* Benedict Arnold — the traitor, as our American cousins delight to call him— was
for several years engaged in mercantile pursuits in that city. The descendants of
Hoyt, the partner, arc still to be found in New Brunswick.
JOHN E. MORTON. 427
the loss of some of liis official income, un«l thei-efore asked His Excellency,,
in such case, to confirm him all the positions he then held. The accident
by which he lost his leg seems to have been a cause of Mi". Morton's
preferment. Arbuthnot, deeply regretful of the injury sutt'ered thiough
his act, appears to have left him as a sort of legacy to liis gubernatorial
successors, with instructions to watch <»ver and forward his interests, and
up to the close of the administration of Sir John VVentworth his wishes
were geneially complied with.
Ill) /III- h'llitor.
The above sketch of Mr. Morton's father, preliminary to a memoir of
the memljer himself, T publish, in order to perpetuate the name of a man
once a very conspicuous figure in the social and official life of the old
County of Annapolis, and of Digby after it was set oft". A man of
commanding stature and stately bearing, he possessed a well-cultured
mind, and was one of the most courteous and at the same time punctilious
of the old school of colonial gentlemen, filling the various offices he held
with the old-style firmness and well-sustained dignity. He was one of
my earliest friends, and tiled very aged before I had (juite attained
manhood, liut the supposed descent from the Scotch Earls of Morton,
to which allusion is made, is one of those imaginaiy pedigrees that
indulged the fancy of so many American families in the last generation,^
before more scientific genealogical research revealed the true old-world
origin of many of our New England forefathers. It is now settled that
George Morton, the agent at London of the Pilgrim Church at Leyden,
and later of the Plymouth Colony, was a native of Austerfield, Yorkshire,
2A miles from Scrooby, wliere the Pilgrim congregation worshipped before
they emigrated to Leyden. His son Nathaniel, born 1613, in England,
was long the accomplished and brilliant Secretary of the Plymouth
Colony, of which both he and liis father wrote valuable descriptive and
historical accounts, precious to subsetjuent historians. Li every genera-
tion they have produced most able men in all the departments of
professional and political life. The descent of the ^I.P.P. is as follows :
George,' Ephraim,- George,' Ephraim, ' Elkana,'' Elkana," born 1731,
Judge Elkana," born 1761, John Elkana.*^ The latter was the eldest
son and was born in 1793, probably in New Brunswick. He died April
20th, 1 835, whUn filling the office of Collector of Customs at Digby.
" Of m-inly bearing and kind disposition, he was much esteemed ; his
active and unwearied exertions as a captain and adjutant of militia were
highly appreciated, and as an M.P.P. of a former House of Assembly his
independence, integrity and zeal in that capacity, as in all other stations
in life, were eminently conspicuous." He was certainl}' an able, influen-
tial and very popular member, and his early death cut short a career of
42N HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
great promise, and was long deeply deplored by the public. His widow,
who was a Miss Beckwith, with her children removed from Digby to
western Cornwallis, where they enjoyed the care of her l)rother, Haiiiuel
Beckwith. Fenimore E. Morton, of Sussex Vale, Kings County, N.B.,
for a time Solicitor-General of that province, and now Judge of Probate
for his county, is his son.
JOHN JOHNSTONE.
1821I-1830, 1H»»-1H3«.
This gentleman was an elder brother of the late Judge in Ecjuity, to
whose record, further on in the book, the reader is referred.
^Ii-. Johnstone's birth t lok pluce near Kingston, Jamaica, on the
31st of January, 1790, Jn i82i> he married Laura, daughter of the
Honourable William Stephenson, then a leading member of the bar, and
of the government of the island, and very soon afterwards removed to this
province, where he resumed the practice of the law, the profession to
which lie liad been bred. He settled in the town of Annapolis and soon
acfjuired a very considerable and lucrative practice.
A vacancy having been made in the representation of the county, in
1828, by the elevation of Thomas C. Haliburton to a judgeship in the
Inferior Court of Common Pleas, he became a candidate for the seat, and
was duly elected, though he had been scarcely three years a resident in
the county. This House of Assembly having been dissolved by the death
of the king (George IV.), he again sought the suffrages of the electors,
and was duly returned. He held his seat in the new Assembly until his
death, which occurred in Falmouth, England, in 1836.
Not long after his first election and shortly before the rising of the
House he lost his first wife in the most painful and distressing manner.
On retiring to her sleeping apartment, where a little one had shortly
before been laid to rest, in .some manner njver fully explained, her night-
dress caught fire, and before it could be extinguished, she was burned so
badly that she soon afterwards died.* He afterwards married Mary,
eldest daughter of the late James William Kelly, Collector of Customs at
St. John, N.B.
Mr. Johnstone was a gentleman of solid rather than brilliant attain-
ments and abilities. His energy, perseverance and untiring industry
were remarkable, and his general force of character, high sense of honour
a!id amiable disposition gained for him the confidence and esteem of all
who were brought within the sphere of his influence. As a representative
•The house stood lietween the present residences of Judge Savary and Captain
<''. D. Pickles. Mre. Johnstone's grave is to \>e seen in the old cenieterj", near that
■of her hu.sbnnd"s grandfather, John Lightenstone. — [Ed.]
JOHN .JOHNSTONE. 429
of the people lie discharged all the duties devolved upon him with ii
devotedness that is remembered to this day. To his advocacy the jieople
of the county are largely indebted for the existence of the many useful
break watei-s upon it* shores, especially those of Wilmot.
In 1834 Mr. Johnstone presented petitions from the inhabitants of
the eastern district, praying that Annapolis be made a free Poit of
Entry ; and urged upon the Assembly the propriety of granting tlieir
request. He was unsuccessful, however, in his efforts, and the people
had to wait a few years longer for the boon desired.
More than sixty years ago, John De Lancey, a son of Colonel James
De Luncey, erected a bridge over the Annapolis liiver at a point not far
from the dwelling of his brother, Peter De Lancey, and dedicated it to the
public use. It was built at his own cost, and although the public were
never great gainers from his generous act, owing to its sudden destruction
by a flood two oi" three years after its completion, it is proper that such
a munificent action should be held in remembrance. Mr. De Lancey
having become otherwise impoverished in 1830, was advised by his many
friends to seek reimbursement for the loss sustained in the constructicm
of the unfortunate bridge, and he difl so by petition to the xissembly.
This memorial was referred to a special committee of which Mr. Johnstone
was the chairman. The petition stated, "that about three or four years
ago yoor petitioner was induced at the recommendation of the inhabitants
of Wilmot and by the wish of those of Annapolis, in this part of the
county, to erect a bridge over the river and which the people- having
enjoyed the use of for a period of three years until last September, when
an extraordinary fall of rain so increased the strength and quantity of
water in the river that it carried it away as well as three other large and
well-established bridges." These facts were reported to the Assembly bj'
the committee, with a recommendation for a favourable consideration of
the petitioner's claims.
He was generally chosen chairman of the House committees on which
he served, and the journals of the i^ssembly aljound in reports written
by his hand, some of them involving considerable research and care in
their preparation.
Toward the close of 1835 his health had become considerably impaired,
though he continued to work during the session as he had done in
pa.st sessions. In the spring of 1836 he was advised by his physician to
try the effect of a sea voyage, in consequence of which he embarked for
England, where he died as before stated, in the forty-sixth year of his
age.
Mr. Johnstone left issue, a daughter by his first marriage. By his
second marriage he had a son and daughter. All these children surviveil
him and two are still living. The former is the wife of the Rev. W.
480 HISTOUY OK ANXAI'OLIS.
Rupeit Cooluan, son of Uev. ,J. V. Coclirivn, of ilalifiix, asid grandson
of Rev. Dr. Cochran, of King's College, and lives in Kngland ; the son is
Janioj^ W. Kelly Johnstone, Ksq., barrister, of ITii'ifax. A daughter hy
the second marriage died young.
CHAULKS BUI) I).
1830 1836, 181.MH47. *
Charles Hmld was the son of Elisha ISudd, of White Plains, N.Y.,
who was born there in 17G2. The family afterwards removed to Rye, in
New York, where thej' were settled when the revolutionary war began.
James Budd, the father of Elish.i, was shot in his own door during th(^
struggle, by a rebel. The son, who was a youth wlien this terrible fate
met his parents, became a volunteer in the British service soon after, and
was present at the siege of Savannah, and in several engagements in the
south in the last campaigns of the war. At the peace in 1783 he
removed to Digljy, being then but twentj'-one years old, where he .settled
and some time after married. His wife was a daughter of Tsaac Bonnell
who wap .vlso a Loyalist of good family, and who, during his long and
useful life, held .several otHces under the Government in that town, with
credit to himself and satisfaction to the public. This marriage lesulteil
in the birtli of five children, three sons and two daughters. One of the
former is the person whom this paper is designed chiefly to notice.
Mr. Budd's father became a leading merchant and ship-owner of the
place, and was esteemed as a most enterprising and worthy man. The
commencement of the present century found him engaged in a lucrative
and extensive trade with the West Indies and the Motlier Country.
Previous to this time he had become the proprietor, by purchase, of the
lands and house of the Reverend Mr. Brudenell, an Episcopal clergyman,
who was the successor of Amos Botsford as chairman of the Board of
Agents, appointed by Governor Parr to superintend the .settlement of
Loyalist exiles who had resolved to make for themselves ne.v homes on
the l)eautiful shores of Digby basiu. He served for some years as a
Justice of the Court of Conmion Pleas, and was an active and efficient
magistrate. In 1813 he made a voyage to Liverpv>ol, England, probably
in one of his own ships, where he took ill and died, in the fifty-second
year of his age.
Charles Budd, his son, who was born April 1st, 1795, first became a
candidate for the suffrages of the electors of his native township at the
general election which occurred in consequence of the demise of George
IV. in 1830. This township had long been noted for the heat and
closen&ss of the political contests through which it awarded the honour
(MAULES Ill'DI*. 431
of its n'j)i(!s(>iit)iti(iii ill llu' A.s.siMiilil}' witnoss tiic stiiij,'j;l(>s hotween
l{o!i(.-li iiiul Riijj;glt'.H and Koiich iind Hught's ten oi' tweUc yciii's earlier.
Jju(i(l, liowever, was successt'iii on this occaHioii, and took his seat
uei'ordingly. He was a man of hut few words, hut of sound judgment
and sterling integnt\'. He seldom trouhled tlie House with wiiat could
l>e called a "speeeh," l)ut not unfrequently in a few wt^ll-chosen and
judicious words gave it tlie henefit of his opinion on the sul)ject under-
going dehate, and lie was always listened to with attention and respect.
Tn politics he was an unHinching Conservative, and he l)egan, continuecl,
and ended his legislative career as such. When party action was called
for, his vote could always he safely counted on ; though no man knew
hetter how to modity, or even to ahandon his vii^ws when he was
persuaded tlicy wc-re injurious or impracticable.
Tn It'.'U he took an active and l)eneficial }tart in the enileavour to
improve tlie facilities of coninninication hetween the western part of the
Province and St. John, N.Ji. ()n the 21st Decenibei' of that yeai', he
wrote to Sir liupert I). George, tlun Provincial Secretaiy, advocating a
sulisidy for James Whitney's steamer, named the llitirirtta.
At the election of 18."5(), Mr. Budd was again a candidate, and was
opposed by James 15. Holdswoith, a gentleman of Loyalist descent, and an
enterj)rising merchant of Dighy. Thts ferment which preceded and
accompanied the change in our political institutions, calhul " Kespfnisihle
Government," was raging with considerable fury. Mr. IJudd represented
the Ktatnm quo ; Mr. Holdsworth was the standard-bearer of Refoi'in. A
very animated canvass had been made by l)oth parties, which was con-
tinued during the conflict, at the close of which Mr. Holdsworth was
declared duly elected.
At tlio next elootioii, however, Mi-. Budd refrained llie .seal, and lield it until
defeated, in 1851, by John C. Wade, Ks(|. In 18.J5 he unsuccessfully opposed Mr.
Wade, after which lie retired from political life. He ha<l in the meantime heen
unfortunate in liis hnsiness as a nieicliant. He tilled until within a few months of
ids death the otiiee of Registrar of Proltate for tlie Co\inty of Dighy, and as raatos
of the county he discharged witli an intense and unselHsii devo';." t- n: public
interests the gi-atuitous duties of that otKce tmtil the seswi"- ..c su])er8ede<l hy the
County (youneil. He was a vestryman of Ti'inity Clr.fch, Digby, for tifty years,
and was made an honorary vestryman when the iuHrmities of age prevented his
attendance at the evening meetings of the Board. Ho died at Dighy, aged 89,
April 24tli, 188i. His wife, who was a daughter of Judge Wiswall, hail long
predeceased him. They had no issue. One of his sisters was the niotlier of the
distinguished Canadian writer, Profesaoi- James l)e Mille, and another, of Rev.
E. K. B. Nichols, 1).I>., a leading Church of Kngland divine of Nova Scotia. —[Kd.I
432 HISTOUY OF AXNAPOMS.
JAMES DKLAP.
IH31-183«.
Tlie author left hut a tew scattered notes of tliis ^'entleniari. For
particulars of liis family, see the ^^enealogj'. He was a fanner and ship-
builder, a man of some ability as a speaker, a son-in-law of a former very
popular member, Isaiah Shaw, and a strong Reformer in politics. After
representing the township of Granville for the period indicated, he was
defeated by Mr. S. S. Thcjrne in 18.'?G, but was a standard-bearei' (»f his
party in several elections. — [Ed.]
FREDERIC A. ROBTCHEAIT.
1836 1840.
lijl fill- Eilifor.
Frederic Armand Robicheau, the first Acadian Frenchman elected to
the Provincial Parliament, an honour which he shared with Simon
D'Entremont, who represented the township of Argyle in the same
House, was the thii'd child of Armand and Rosalie (Bour(]ue) Robicheau ;
his grandfather, Prudent Robicheau, jun., who married Cecile Dugas, was
son of Prudent Robicheau, sen., who married Anne Dugas, and was
among the Acadian inhabitants at the " Cape " of Annapolis, January
■22n<l, 1715, when the last-named gentleman took the oath of allegiance.
On April 5th, 1727, Prudent Robicheau, sen., was commi.s8ioned Justice
of the Peace in Annapolis. Nevertheless his son and grandson shared
the fate of the other Acadians, and, deprived of all their possessions,
were removed and landed in some othei- part of the continent. The
subject of this .sketch married Marguerite, daughter of Cyriacque
Melanson, and .settled at Corberrie, near the shore of Lake Wentworth,
beyond the New Tusket settlement, and about seventeen miles south
f'.^m Weymouth. Want of roads was a bar to much direct intercourse
between his home and the centre of the Acadian population, then rapidls'
growing along the shore of St. Mary's Bay in the extreme western end
of the county. But in that remote and obscure locality Mr. Robicheau
cultivated his mind and kept abreast of the public intelligence of his day.
Brought out in 1836 in conjunction with Mr. Holland, he led the poll, and
proved a useful and very competent member. Having secured the divi-
sion of the county, and the allotment of a member to the township of
Clare, he was about running for the new County of Digby, but was
advised to give way to Mr. Holdsworth, who had been defeated in the
election for the township of Digby by Mr. Budd, and seek election for
WILLIAM HOLLAND. 433
the newly enfriiiieliised township of Chire. Unexpectedly he was oppused
in Clare, and defeated hy a majority uf about sixty, by Mr. Anselm F'.
Coineau, who was a man of very extensive family connections and
personal influence. In 1840 he was a^ain a candidate, and again
defeated by Mr. Comeau. Tn 18.3!) he was appointed a Justice of the
Peace. His brother, Mathurin A. llobicheau, was a numb«n' of years
later a member for the township of Clare, and afterwards for the County
of Digby. Both were tine specimens, physically and morally, of their
nationality. He died April 18th, \H6^^, and in the Catholic cemetery at
Corterrie stands a fine marble monument commemoratinj,' the fact that
he was the "Premier Representative Acadien a la Legislature de la
Nouvelle Ecosse."
Note. — I am indebteil for most of these facts to Wilson's " Histoiy of Digby,"
now in press.
WILLIAM HOLLAND.
1836 1840'.
The remote ancestore of this gentleman were English. One of them
went to Ireland about the year 1640, or a little earlier, and settled in the
County of Armagh, in the Province of Ulster, where the subject of this
sketch was born in 1782. His early days were spent in that county, and
in it he was married. His wife was a Miss Rielly. In June, 1812, he took
passage in an American vessel, Iwund to New York, with his wife and
one child, with the intention of finding a home in the United States, but
fortune had ordained otherwise. The second American war was then in
progress, and the ship in which Mr. Holland was a passenger was
captured by a British cruiser and taken into Halifax ; and in the spring
of the following year he found himself in Wilmot, in the County of
Annapolis, where he bought a farm and made for himself a new hv>.ne.
Here he soon became prosperous, as he deserved to be. His farm, which
was situated in the district now known as "Torbrook," was a new one,
and required labour and skill to make it profitable, and these requisites
were not wanting in his case. He was a pronounced Methodist, and
with Col. Bayard, in his later years, did much to promote the influence
of Methodism in the eastern part of the county. His marriage was
blessed by four children, of whom three were born in this province. Of
these one, William, died unmarried at the age of thirty-two. The other
two were daughters, who married George Allen and Thomas Moffat
respectively, and are both deceased. Thomas, the eldest son,* who was
born in Ireland in 1810, and who lived in Wilmot, survived till a few
* The author states that he was in<lel)ted to this son, Thomas Holland, for the
facts stated in the t«xt.
28
484 III.STOIIY OF ANNAI'OMS.
years agi», luid was twice married : first to a daughter of the late
Alexander Walker, <jf Aylesford, and secondly to a daughter of the late
Andrew Henderson, of Annapolis Royal.
Mr. Holland was selected as a candidatt^ for the representation of the
county at the general election in 18.'{(>, the particulars of which are
mentioned on page 28G. After the division of the county, which it was
the especial mission of the two memlxMS then elected to accomplish, he
does not seem to lia/e again courted political honours, but lived a retired
life on his farm, un il lie died at an advanced age.
ELNATHAN WHITMAN.
1830-1840.
Elnathan Whitman, son of John, and grandson of Deacon John
Whitman, was born at Rosette on the eighteenth <lay of November,
1785, and there he received such education as the district and the
period afforded, and was afterwards engaged in agriculture and fruit-
raising during the remainder of his long life. He was twice married :
first to Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Spurr, and about the time of this
marriage he purchased a farm from the late Robert Jefferson, near liis
father's homestead, on which he continued to reside until his death in
1868, at the prolonged age of eighty-three years. His second wife was
Charlotte, daughter of Sheriff Tupper, of Queens County. By his first
wife he had the following children: (1) John, {'2) W iam Esmond,
(3) Charles Bailey, (4) Edward, and (5) George, who was afterward a
representative of the county in the Assembly, and is now a member of
the Legislative Council. There was but one child by the second marriage
— Maria Louisa, who became the wife of Captain Samuel Bogart, of
Granville.
At the general election in 1836, Mr. Whitman consented to become a
candidate for legislative honours, and after an exciting contest was elected
by a fair majority over his opponent, the late Joseph Fitz Randolph, by
whom a scrutiny was demanded, at the conclusion of which the sitting
member retained the seat. As a member of the ^ ssembly he was
diligent and attentive, no known duty being at any time left undis-
charged by him, though he seldom addressed the House on other than
purely local subjects.
Though he was a Conservative in politics, he was at the same time a
staunch guardian of popular rights, so far as they, in his judgment,
tended to, or were supposed to, contribute to the general welfare. In
1840 he declined an offered nomination, legislative position or honours
yielding no compensation to him for the partial loss of home enjoyments.
JAMES II. HOLnsWOHTH — STEPHEN SNEDEN TIIORNE. 435
Ah a liUNhand, fiitluu-, frierai, lU'ighhour and ChriHtiiin, he not only
obtained, hut d«Hervod a "^immI report" from the entire community in
whicli he lived. I lis liosjjitalities were j)roverhial, and were extended to
all who had occasion to Mcc^k tliem, und were never refused on iip«:i)unt of
condition or creed.
JAMES B. HOLDHWOHTH.*
18:«l-1840, 1840-1843.
JamcH Bourne Holdsworth was son of John and Mehitable (Bourne)
Holdswortli. His niotiier was of the Bourne family of the "Old Colony"
of Plymouth, and he was a grandson of James Ardington and Kli/.abeth
Holdsworth. His father and j,'randfather were Loyalists. He was the
standard-hearer of the old Reform party in the western section of tlie
county after the death of John E. Morton, and in 1836 defeated Mr.
Jiudd, the Conservative candidate for the township of Dighy. In 1840,
after the division of the county, he was defeated by Mr. Budd for his
first constituency by thirty-three majority, the whole number polled
being 485 in a very exciting election ; but his friends Irought
him forward for the new County of Digby, inducing Mr. F. A.
Robicheau to retire in his favour. He was returned, Mr. Edward A
Jones, of Westport, his opponent, retiring after a day or two of the
contest. In sub8e(iuent elections the French of Clare always brought
forward a member for the county, and by giving him i\ united support,
carried him by enormous majorities over the English candidates, who
only got an English vote divided on party lines. He was a merchant
and farmer, never married, a man of pleasing address and graceful speech
on the hustings, but took no part in the debates in the House. A
Commission of the Peace was conferred on him, and when the revered
Elkanah Morton died in 1848, the arduous position of Custos was added,
and later that of Commissioner in the Supreme Court. He died at
Digby, March 24th, 1859, aged 63, much regretted as an amiable and
useful citizen, and long remembered as an honourable and worthy
representative of the school of politics to which he belonged.
STEPHEN SNEDEN THORNE.
1836-1840, 1840-1843, 1843-1847, 1847-1881, 1851-18.55, 1855-1858.
Mr. Thome was born in Granville in 1795. He was a son of James
Thome and grandson of^ Edward Thome, an American Loyalist of New
York, a memoir of whom has already been furnished to the readers of
* From Wilson's " History of Digby," by permission, with slight additions and
alterations.
<VW lirsTOKV OK ANNAI'OI.IH.
tliiH voltiiiu'. Ill liJH lHtyli)MMl lio kitvimI iin ii|>|ir)'iili<'«'slii|i to iiM-rciinliln
|iiirsiiitM in {,\u- wiuttlKMiHc iiimI Dllio* of Imn iiiiitfrnal iinclo, (Int lati«
Stcplicn SiK-ilcn, u lioyaliHt Ki^Mtli-iiiari tliuti doiii^ liiiNiiK-HH in AMnii|iolis.
Ahuiif tlir yi'iir 1M17 ur IH|H Iik niiurii'il Mcliilaldc, <liin><liti'r of .fanwiH
Hall, Ks<|., of (iranvillt', aixl {;i'an<lilaii^litiT of .lolin Hall, oni- of tint
|iif loyiilist. Ht'ttltTH of tliat lownsln|i. Shortly iift,(M- tins fvcnt. li«'
Ixtoaino tilt' liiiHin«mH |iai'lri)ti' of liiH uiiirlM iiy nianiii^t', the latt; Timothy
|{uj{j{li'M, a j^iaiulHon of lit-ni'ial Kh)<;{1<'h, and HfttJrd at HcllciHlr, whi'io
\\i: contintDMl to D-siiic until tli<- (li'stiiiclion of thfir warclioiiNf liy lint in
1H.'{() or |H.'(|, oi- th<> ilisHoliitioii of the |)artn<THlii|i liy the <icat4i of Mr.
llu),'>^li'H in IH.'H. Not lon>{ after In- rninovoil t<) Hri«l^'ntown, thi'ii
rapidly rlHin^ into iiiiportan(M\ ll<«ro ho coinnii^iKi'd lniHiiitrHH on IiIh own
auitoiint, and soon iNtcaint* rcptnh^d as a man of strict integrity and
utiiinp*!ai:lial>lt) i-haraotttr in all Iuh dealings, as wttjl as amialth^ in all
his Hocial n^latioris. On tho d**ath of Mr. IUii^k'*''* '*■ ^''i^ ^'^^ isHUttd for
the election of a n!pntN(;ntativ)) to fill tho vitcancy in the Asst^mhly
c■a^..^e<• hy that evont, and Mr. I^t^lap -a hrothiT in law of Mr. Thonm -
was cMost'ti, hut mu(!h dissatisfaction existing at the cIosh of his t<Min of
Hervico, csp«H-ially anion); the electors of the eastern section of the
township, they determined to bring out u candidate to oppose him
shouhl he he brought forward at the election of IK.'Ui. The writer well
remembers hearing his father say on his return from a caucus wliich liiui
been called for the purpose of choosing a caiiditlati', that Mr. Thorne was
the man selected, and that lie feared he would decline a nomination. Mis
scruples were finally, though after much ditlitiulty, overcome, aiitl an
acttive iianvass commenced on his behalf. The [tolling lasted several days,
and the contest was a keen one and marked by much bitterness of spirit
on Ih>Ui sides ; in fact, no one of to-day can easily imagine the Itustle and
confusion, and noise, and tumult that characterised election struggles in
" the good old times," with tlitur "open liouses," their drinking habits,
the coaxing, wheedling and thr .t«ining used to sway the electors, tlieir
quarrels and fisticutFs. All honour to the man wiio promoted tlie refrtrin
that changed all this bedlam scene into one of order and decorum by
limiting the conttist to a single day.
At the close of the poll Mr. Thorne, having a majority of eight
v<»teH, was declare<l duly elected by the sherirt". Mr. I)(flap, however,
demanded a scrutiny^ of votes, and petitioned the Assembly against the
return. On ♦he meeting of the Assembly a committ«;e was ntruck to
whom the disjitite was referred, and who, aft«!r a patient investigation,
reported in favour of the sitting candidate. Mr. Thorne waH a staunch
* KurutiniuH mill |i(!tili(iiiH it^uiiiHt n^tiiriiH forineil » iiiiirkod foaturu among the
ntHiiltH of IhJH >)li!<:tioii. JoHbpli Pit/, Ruiiilol|ili pHlilioiuMl ugiiiriHt tliv rdtiirti of
Kliiathnn Whitinun, iiiiil .lolin W. Ritcliie agaiiiHt Kol>icliunu of Claru, as well aH
Htutc<l aliove, Dulap agaiimt Thoi'iiu.
MAMI'KI, HISIIOI' CMII'M.W. 4.M7
<7(ihH«>rva(ivn of (In* old sciliiMtl. 'I'lii' loyiilly, and |i<tIiii|>h noiiic of tin*
|)ri>iiidii!CH of liJH lioyiiliNt fon-fiitlicis liiul Imtii jiilit'i-ittid liy liiiii, iind it
In not II matt)*!' foi' wondor, (lit*rffon>, (hat In* tiM>k h'uU'h a^aitist (Id-
|>o|iiilai' p'trly in tlif agitations that Htiricd tlic f^f^iNliitiir*' and tht*
(•oiiMlry foi' Monn' ycaiH. To his horioui' In- it said, howi-vrr, that his voto
was nMVfT d<Mii<'d to any inxasiiti* which hn honestly thoii^^ht' woidd
pi'oinotr the piililic wt'lfan-. In tho vory first si'ssion of the Asscinhly in
whoso di'lilii'i'ations hi> was jit'i'miltt'd (o take part, hi' \otcd for Ihr
division of th)> county, which the inllncncc of the old capital had opposed
and prevented for a period of nearly, if not ippti*, half a iutntiiry ; hut.
h)t was ^^'cricrally averse to any change in tho nicHies of lulniinistAition
until he was fully convincod they would prove prejudi(^ial neither' to the
ri^htH of the (!rown, nor th») true interests of the |M>ople at hirj^e.
In JHIO, so niucli to the satisfaction of his friends and (umstituentH
had he ilischarKod his pul)lic dutit^s, he was aj^ain Itrou^nt forward as a
iumdidate for their sunVa^es, and was (;oinpclled to face the old opposition
iiniinated hy the sanie fier<;e partyisni, and led and guided hy the same
detern iiiod and experienced leaders. The canvass which «(nsued was, on
l)oth sideH, a very earnest and exiiaustivo one.
The close of tli«i poll on this occasion exhibited a majority of fourteen
votes in Mr. Thome's favour. His friends who exulU'd in the hardly
won triumph honoured liini with a chairini/, and he was drawn from the
{•oiling iNtoth to Ids own reHiiKuice, in an open carriage, hy a nundn^r of
his sup]M)n< rs and athnirers, and in the evening tlie village waH illumi-
nated in honour of the victory. Mr. Thorno retired from political life
on acc(t|)ting tlie position of C7liairman of the Board of Works in IHr>7,
atid waH Hucceeded in tlie representation of the township hy hiH son in-
law, T. I). Uuggles, Ks(|., who held it two years and is yet living, lie
afterwards hehi the otiice of Collector of Customs ut DridgeUiwn, until
liis death at an lulvanced ago, December SOtli, 1874.
samu?:l hihiiop chipman.
IN40 IK4:<.
The subject of this sketch was the only son of Major Chi])man, by liis
wife, Kli/.al)eth JSishop, and grandson of Handloy Chipman, who came to
Nova Scotia in 1761, and his second wife, Nancy Post. Me was born
August 2n(l, 1803, and passed his early days in agricultural employments,
which, not having Ix'en endowe<l with a very vigorous constitution, he
exchanged for commercial pursuits, and settled ia the then infant village of
Lawrencetown, in Wilnrn»t, an the proprietor of a country store, where by
strenuous application and buHiness ent^irprise, hes(Kmac(|uire<I a conaider-
uble fortune. Agreeable and obliging in his conduct, and upright and
honourable in his dealings, he seldom failed tu make friends of hi^
498 IIISTUKY OK ANNAI'OI.IS.
riiHtdtrii'm, tiiiil liiiil I lie t'Miiiiiliition iif /i |i<i|iiiliiiil y lliiil <illiiiiiil*'ly iiirm-il
liiiii inli) |iiil>lii- lilV.
Ml'. (!|ii|>iiiaii WHS I lie lii'Htr i'i>|ii'i*Ni'iiliilivi' <it' l.lii* i-iiiiiity iifliT (liti
Hi'Vi'i'iiiiri' nt' tint wi'Nlnrii t'i'iMii iliit iiiiNt.i'i'ii ili-ilj'ii'l.N, wliii'li l.iNtk |)|jii'«< ill
|H,'I7. Il)t wiiH i|i(is)'ii Wy till' Kct'iiiiii parly, iiiiil K'im- IiIh wiiriii iiiid
iiiiilivii|i'(| Hii|i|i<ii'l, III lliiit I'lii'ly in IIm- iii'W AM'ti'inlily iiiiIjI its ilinMoliitiun
ill I HID. ||i< wiiM till' only r«|ir*'Hi<iil.iilivt' I'luin I lie iMuiiity wlio voli'il in
fiivitiir of tit)' l^iiiiilrciiiiijil Hill, wliidi lliially |iiihsi><I mi tlii^ I7tli <>l' April,
IK.'IH tlilll. IlirilHIII'i' lliivili^ Ihtii iippnsi'il liy I lie litwiisllip IiicIIiIh'I'm,
IVIrHHit'iii'N 'I'lioriin mill VV'liil iiMiii. In I In- i^mcrul i-li'rl.i<iii in |H|,'( liit
/i^iiiif wi'iil. lo tlin liiiNtin^N iih ii I'liiiiliijiid-, iinil wuh oppuHiul itnij ili^l'initi'il
liy till* Alliirnt^y Ornrral of tlm iluy, llio linn, •!. W. .lulitiMtuni', hidI
tliiHi^li \\i\ ront,i*st.i>il (III* Hciit, with (lull, ^'•■nlli'iniin in MiiliHi>i|iii>nl' ttlci-l.ioiiH
lir nini'i' nidti-imIimI in winning' tlir Hciit ii^iiin.
Mr. ('Iiipniiin inarrinW Lcviiiii, ilaii^'lilir uf Mr. •lulni MiiihIiiiII, of
Aniwtpiilis, liy wliom hn IiimI iHHiin two nuiih iiimI a daii^litrr. < >t' tlii'Mo
tlit^ (ililcHt, I'lilward W. ('Iiipiiian, wan fo- iiiiiny yniii'N nno of tlio Intilin^
(Iry ^oimIh iiii'irliantH of Halifax, of wliirli rit.y lii^ waH for hoiiii! tiiin' an
alilrrtiian. In |H7H Im roinovnl from |Im> I'rovinn* ; anil in now living in
Minnimotii, in III** I'liilfd Hiat.i's. Sopliia l,inii'ia, t.lio ilaii^liti'r, niariicil
tlaiiiitM I'). ( 'liipinan, I'!hi|., tlm senior partrinr in tJm well known firiii,
('liipiiian KroUii'i'H, lianlwar*' niitrclianls of Halifax.
Mr. ('Iiipnian wiih lii^lily imtni-innl for lioHpitality, i-nl.rrpriH)- anil
inl.K^i'il'y. Mo tillril l.lin position of I'ost iniiHltrr at. ljjiwr)iiirel,own for
Hoviiral yoai'H, and for a len^l.licnod period was in Uie OoiiitnisHion of llio
i'eacii, cliielly discliarf^in^ iJio diil.ies of thai, olliito in l.lio rourls of
K«Miitral HeHsioiis of tliii |Hiat;it. lie died after a Hliort illn<-HH, Auf(tiHt '2'^iid,
iHrif), aned r»2.
IIKNKY nATKH.
iHii iNi:(.
Ill/ Ihr Hililin:
l''or the <ial,es family, see >{miealo><y. Mr. <lateH, the tenth <;liild of
JoiwiH dates, ami grandson of ('aptain Oldham (>at«iH, liononrahly men-
tioned in the early history of the township of Annapolis, re(;eived a
Hoiind ediii'atioii in the Knglish liranihes, and learned (he trade of a
Itlaeksiiiitli under thii lato Stephen Itent. He early developed u tasto
for UHoful roadin^ and an interest in th» piililii! ailairs of tlin tdwri and
county, lie was a /.ealoiis Methodist, and one of the litadin^r promoters
and Hiiji[iorters of the MethiMlist (.'htireh in the town, and a leiuler in its
miisiiwil services. He took a wiirm interest in militia afTairs, and wiih
thH popular (;aptain of a (company. He liveij iilHiut twu miles Iwlow th«)
.UMKM W 1 1,1,1 AM .loMNSTONI-;. VAU
lowii lit' Aiiiiik|i(ili't, iiri llir |iii)|Mrty imw hwiiimI l»y 'riiuiiitiM ('iiin iiii'l
•liiliii i>iiiiri, HI' ii I iiii|)^iiii>iit and itj^nMwililc mill ^I'niiil iiiiiiini'rs, lit-
wiiM II I'liiuiiilatr ill I lie Ki'l'iiiiii inli-nil in |H||, himI tlrfi'iilfil Mr. .MI'i'imI
Wliiliiiiiii ; lull nil Mm* iHhhoIiiI inn in IHI.'S, vvlii-ii Mr. .IiiIiiihIiiii IimI iImi
( 'iitiHcrviilivd |iiii'ty, li«> witn ilil'iMir I liy Mr. VVIiitiiiiin, iinil ilinl lilMiiil
|HI7, iiiin^h ro^rt'llfil liy iminy l'i'ii'iiil'> on IniMi Midi'N of |Milil.i<!M,
J A M KH W I M , I A M .1 o 1 1 N S r< » N \<).
INI.'I jMlll.
Tlin Hiil>j<'<-t. lit' I.IiIn iiiKiiiitir whh a ilfsii>iiilunt. uf vrry ani'ii'tit uiiil
hiiiifiiiriiltlr fiviiiilics Imlli mi Ilir |iiilci'iitil uml iniiliiiiiil NJilt-H. Ilin
iiMitJnT I'lli/iilit'lli Iji^lit.i'iiNliiiH- — uitH Mil' ^runililaii^lilrr uf iIh' Kcv.
<iiiHlaviis I'liiliji lii^litiiiiMliiiif, a rnilimtanl. clcrf^yiiian al I'l'tcilioir, in
tlio iHJaiiil of ('roMHiiult, iii-ar llir i illi of tint llivitr Nma, in KiiHNia,
anil liiir faLliiM', Joliii l.i^;lil.i-nsloiii-, was liorn in llix iHlanil iiainril alioiit
I7.'ir>.* 'riiis fii. 'i!y, wliir' liail lon^; Im-cii iloiiiiciliMl in I'ln^^laiul, wiim
originally from lii'iniany wlii<r«< Uio naini' wiin N|M*lif<l l.irlili-iiHti'in. 'I'Uti
l(«v. liiiNtaviiH I'liilip lii^liliMiHloii)', or liirlitniHt.i'in, wiin liorn, iMjiicatt'd
ami iiiari'iril in I'ln^lamj. Mis wifr Itfiiliirt* I'lli/.alirlli Lloyil who is
Hiiiil to liavi^ lit. I'll liorn in Irclatiil or Srotlunii, wiih |irolialily of VN'cInIi
origin. IliH noh, lint iiiatnrnal ^ranilfalJicr of Mr. •lolinstonit, wan aJMii
filiiraliKJ in I'lii^laiiil, anil wln-ii a yoiiii^ man Holl^lll, ami oliliiiiifil
i>iii|iloyiii*Mit of Hoiiir kiml in Mio ItriliHli Hi-rvim wliifli ri>i|iiirtMl Iun
|ir<miwi(.i in tliiMiiii American colonirN, to oiii* of wliii-li, (iror^ia, lir wifiit
out .iImiiii. <>!iit tiiiio of il.H IIihI. Hi'tMnmcnt'. Homo yiwiiN afli'i- liix arrival
|.|iiin< III* inarriitii < 'al.lit'rinn |)i'lit){ai, a nalivit of (JiHir^ia, who whh,
howovitr, of l''ri!iirli Mii;{iifiiot. i-xlrart.ion, anil wliim*' ^ramlfalliiir wiih
<!oinmanilaii!' of tlir iNlanii of ilri'Ni'y at. t.lii* limit of his lirrrasi*. Iliir
fatlmr, IMiilip l>i<l*<Kal,t was a liciilimaiit in Urn Itritish army, ami w<>iit. U)
(li'or^ia with (U'Mot'al < )>(litl.lior|)<i, in tlio oarly Nttlllcmitnt of that colony.
'I'iiit aiii'i'stors of tliitsn niitn liiul Imon lirivitn to siMtk ritfu^o in ('iiif^laml hy
tint ritvoration of tim lOiJict of Naiitits, in HiK,^i.
Thu iiiarriaj^it of .lolin lii;{htitnstoii*t with Oathttrinit l>rl<-pil ri>Multi-<l
ill tint liirth of an only chilil, iiamril Klixalinth, who, a fiiw yitArs
.suliH<'(|iiitntly lii'camn tint wifit of VV'iPiain Mori'ton •loliiiHtotii', ami still
fiirthiM' on tint inothor of the siilijitct of this Hkittch. This marriaf^it took
|>lac«t in Havannah, (li'dr^ia, on tlin IwnntyllrHt day of NovttinlHir, I771I.
Mrs. ilohnstonn hiuj thu miNfortiiint to losit I hi; tmidur caret and com
puriionHhiii of hur inuthnr when Hlin " was just turned of ten yenrH of
* ll(< iliud ill Aiiiiii|MiliM, wliiii'ii hhIiiIi, lllll^kill^ IiIn irMliiiK pliu'ii, is In Ixt Noitii iiitar
that nf tlio lii'Ht wiftt of IiIn Kftti'litmi, iloliii ,fnliiiMliiiii>.
t I'liilip Dulit^al'M wiftt is hiiIiI tn liavii Ikhiii a MIhh hiiioy, of IriNli liirlli.- | Kl>. j
440 HlsrollY OK ANNAI'dMS.
iim\" a loHH wliicli sIm! was old ctioii^li t.o iltiplon; v»!ry <l«!('|)ly. I'\^w
woinoii with wlioMi^ liistory I urn H<;(|Utiiiit.<!(l liuv*; Uii\ a iiioif iHfiitfiil and
cluMtkerttd, (ir a iiKirc licroio and }i(>niiiiral)lo lift; tlian IId! mother of t.lio
lat<! ]lon(tiii'al)li> ilud^*- JolmMtonf. From IIk; day on wliicli hIii; liccanit!
n wife nnlil iho cloMt; of tlin Umoliitioiiary war- hIk- whh doomed to loll^
and painful separatioiiH from litu- liiishand, wiio (u>mmandtMl a troop of
dragoons, and waH in (;on.s<!i|ucn(;o oltligt'd to endun! Hevcn; liardsliipH,
and to tMicouiit*!!- dang(;rs tua^.' dioadfid to <:ont(;mplat«', <;itli<M' of whicli
mij^bt at any moment terminate tlie life of one whom sIkj most dearly
lov" (I, and whose well lieinj^ had Iwuiome in.separalile from her own. The
war cloud.s rolled mon^ and more rapidly and tlireat(!nin)j;ly toward the
Month during the lant year; of the strife, and her hu.shand, who vi(?we(J
tlie situation from a standpoint of necessity unknown to her, determined
on her removal from (Jeorgia to Ht. Augustint;, in Floi'ida, then hi^long
ing to Kpmn. Mere she and her cliild would l)e safe from the perils
whioli surrounded her in her nativt; and l»<;loved (Jeorgia. She olxiy*;*!
his re(|ut!st with alacrity and what eheerfulnesH she could connnand,
though she kntiw that in doing so she would he com|)ell(!d to pass long and
weary intervals without any new.s or assuranct; of his safety, un«l that of
other friends who would !«; still exposed t<i the perils from wliich she
alone would he (;x(Mnpt. At length peace spread her wliite wings of
joy over the devastated colonies, hut oidy U) witness a relent, less persecu-
tion — a widespread confiscation of tlie property of the van(|uished Loyal-
ists. The end of the fratricidal war, which made "confusion worse con-
founded " during the pre<!eding eight years, did not bring an end to the
discomforts consetiuent upon her separation from Uc.r hushand, nor to her
prospectH of continuous domestic repose,
A voyage across tlie Atlantic a hundred years ago was a very difllereiit
affair from what it is now, with our occsan steam palace ships, their luxu-
rious furnishings, rapid speed, and disregard of adverse winds ; yet this
lady, in the interests of her family, braved its dangers ami endured its
discomforts and liardships no less than eight times, including six voyages
l)etween (Jreat Hritain and Jamaica, besides making several other trips of
almost equal length and danger.
The .lohn8(x)nes are descended from a very anci«tnt Scottisli family wlio
trace their ancestors to the days of tlie Crusades, if not to those of the
Conquest.* The grandfatherf of him whose name heads this article was
*Th() MannicHHiiH of Atinainlalu wtiro of thiH family, and tin; title, now lotif^ ilor-
iiiant, IH (;laili'"(l to liirloiiu to tins rnpreKuntativo of tlicw! Nov.. Scotia •loliliHtoneM,
LitwJH JoliMHtoni!, M.I)., ofStollarton.— -[Kk.J
tLc!win .lohnHtoni;, M.I)., Moiiil)ur of CouiK.'il and Superintcnilcnt of Police in
(jlooi'gia, anil said to liavu heun tlu» liutt royal govornor of llio I'roviiico, niarricil a
MIhh I'eyton, of an ol<l (Jeorgia family, of Norman- Finj^llHli origin. The uarli(5Ht known
aiioDHtor of the Jolmstonn family wa« on«! John, who jjarly in tin- twelfth century
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JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 441
bred to tlie medical profession, and emigrated to Georgia about the time
that witnessed the arrival of John Lightenstone in that province. His
family consisted of .several children of whom four at least were sons.
Two of these were in Philadelphia pui"suing their studies for the profes-
.sion of their father when the Revolutionary war commenced, and both of
them left the peaceful teachings of good old Doctor Hossack, exchanged
the scalpel for the sword, and devoted all their energies to tho cause of
the Crown in that great and disastrous struggle. William, as has already
been stated, obtained a captain's commission in the New York Rangers,
— a corps which performed a great part of their services in the Carolinas
and Georgia. Two or three years before the close of the war three troops
of horse were raised and organized in Georgia, and Captain Johnstone was
oifered the command of one of them. He agreed to accept the oifer on
the condition that his rank and pay in the Rangers should be continued,
and the fact that the condition was complied with affirms authoritatively
the estimation in which his dashing and daring qualities as a soldier were
held l)y his superior officers.
The marriage resulted in a family of seven children who reached
maturitj', of whom four were sons and three daughters. The sons were
named Andrew, Lewis, John and James William, and the daughters bore
the names of Catherine, Eliza and Laleah.
At the close of the war Captain Johnstone was advised by his father —
whose Georgian estates had been confiscated, and his financial circum-
stances much deranged and straitened in conse<juence — to go to Edin-
burgh and complete his medical education, which he did. His old friend.
Colonel, afterwards Sir Archibald, Campbell, who was then about to sail
for India, offered, if he would accompany him to that country, to use
all the influence in his power to further his interests there. At the same
time he had offers of similar influence if he would go to Jamaica, and after
due consideration he resolved to seek a new home in the West instead of
the East.
James William Johnstone was born in the island of Jamaica, on the
29th August, 1792, and at an early age was sent to Scotland for educa-
tion. For that purpose he was placed under the care of Dr. Duncan, the
founder of savings banks institutions, and whose name will long be
honoured on that account. It is believed that he went to Scotland with
received a grant of land from the first or second De Brus (Bruce) of Annandale, This
property was called John's toun (town), and so his son was known as Gill)ert de Johns-
toun (Gilljert of John's town); and when surnames became finally fixed as distin
guishing families, the name Johnstone was developed, tlie Annandales, for the most
part, zealously clinging to the old finale. (See Blackwood, January, 1896.) Ben
Jonson was of this stock, illustrating in his spelling as a great " wit " should, that
"brevity is the soul of wit." But when he visited Aberifeen and the City Coinicil
sought to do him, as an illustrious countryman, their highest honour, they wrote
his name " Johnestoune," putting in it all the letters they possibly could. — [Eu.]
442 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
his father on the occasion of his visit in 1802, being at that time in the
eleventh year of his age. He seems to have remained under the tuition
of Duncan until about the period of his father's death, when he was
called to return, not to his home in Jamaica* but to Nova Scotia, where
he arrived in the spring of 1808, having nearly completed his sixteonth
year. His sister Eliza had married Tlio-nas Ritchie, M.P.P. for An-
napolis, during the precedinj,' year, and to him young Johnstone, his
brother-in-hiw, was articled as a student-at-law s(K>n after his arrival.
As he did not attain to his majority until 1813, he was not admitted to
the bar until that year. He commenced the practice of his profession at
Kentville, in Kings County, but some time after he removed to
Annapolis, where he continued to practise for some years. He after-
ward selected the capital as presenting a better field for ultimate success
in his profession ; jjerhaps he had begun to feel the consciousness of the
latent powers he possessed, and which lacked opportunity and opposition
only to develop them into brilliant activity. Here he soon began to
make his presence felt in the courts. His unflinching integrity, untiring
industry, fertility of resource in the management of causes, his thorough
knowledge of the law, and the occasional bursts of eloquence manifested
in his addresses to juries on important occasions, soon elevated him to
a first place at the bar, and gained for him the ear and the respect of the
judges ; and the lapse of each succeeding year witnessed an augmentation
in the volume of his practice, and an increase to his growing fame. His
name soon became associated, as counsel, with every cause of importance
tried in the capital, or on the circuits which he usually travelled. Such
a person could scarcely fail to attract the notice of those having in
charge the administration of the public affairs ; therefore, on the 29th
July, 18.34, he was selected to fill the post of Solicitor-General, an
appointment which was then made by the Crown. He was at the same
time created a member of the Legislative Council, which then also
exercised executive powers. From his seat at this Board he witnessed
and watched the movement — then just beginning — to effect a radical
change in the system of colonial government. That he was strongly
opposed to the introduction of violent and ill-considered changes, his
writings and speeches abundantly testify ; but that he was inimical to
such changes as would operate beneficially upon the country, by enlarging
the liberty of the subject without endangering the rights of the Crown,
cannot be truly asserted. His motto in these matters was festina lent".
— hasten slowly. Let the new succeed the old by a series of gradual
displacements ; do not tear down till you have decided hoio and what to
• I am not (juite certain of this. It seems probable that he would first have
visited his mother in Jamaica, and I am inclined to believe that he did so, and that
he was sent to his brother-in-law, Ritchie, from tlience.
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 448
rebuild ; retiiin what has been proved of use ; reform abuses when they
are known to exist ; "prove all things and hold fast that which is good."
He was one of the delegates appointed by this province in 1838 to
meet Lord Durham, the newly appointed Governor-General, at Quebec,
to confer with him touching the measures required to restore harmony
in the political condition of the British American colonies. At the
close of the conference, the Nova Scotia delegates, on the 22nd of
September, presented an address to that gentleman, which it is believed
was the work of Mr. Johnstone, from which the following extracts are
made :
" The (Uitiea of the misHion with wliich we have been entrusted by the Lieuten-
ant-Governor of Nova Scotia, and tlio frankness of conmiunioation permitted l)y
your Lordship, have brought us into ac()uaintance with your Lordship's feelings and
views in relation to liritisli Nortli America, and irresistibly impressed our minds
with the conviction that your Lordship cherishes an ardent desire to elevate the
colonies committed to your government, and entertains conceptions calculated to
render that desire eflFective. "
"In a review of the short period of the Government unJer your Lordship's
personal direction, we behold your Lordship with that feeling so congenial to
Englishmen, which turns with repugnance from the shedding of blood on the
scaffold, blending justice with mercy ; while returning tranquillity hatl already
rewarded an administration conducted without the sacrifice of one human life ; and
we were aware that improved laws and institutions were in preparation, which,
under a government firm, mild and impartial, gave to the future the reasonable
prospect of restored confidence and renovated pro8i)erity."
Mr. Johnstone was much pleased with Lord Durham and his visit to
Quebec on this occasion, and augured favourable results from the action of
that gentleman in Canadian affairs.
On the 28th of April, 1841, he was made Attorney and Advocate-
General, and on the 26th of May following he was gazetted Procurator
in the Court of Vice- Admiralty for the Province. It should be stated
here that on the severance of the Executive from the Legislative Council
in January, 1838, he was reappointed a member of both these councils.
In order to make plain the circumstances under which it became, or
seemed to become, desirable for Mr. Johnstone to seek a seat in the
popular branch of the Legislature, it is necessary to refer to the political
condition of the Province at this period.* The generation of today have
but a faint perception of the fermentation which preceded and attended
the remodelling and reconstruction of our colonial constitutions. In
Quebec and Ontario, or Upper and Lower Canada as they were then
called, the excitement culminated in open rebellion against the Crown,
and the cause of the Reformers was stained with blood. In this province,
♦ See also pages 289, 290.— [Ed.]
444 msTouY ok annapolis.
thi'ougli the coininendahle pntience and moderation of the lenders of hoth
the great parties, l)etter results were finally gained without resort to such
deplorable means. Perhaps they were insensibly controlled by a large
and thoughtful body of men, not organized as a party, however, whose
Joyal disposition and dislike of change from mere love of novelty,
rendered it both unirisn and uniia/e for the extremists to press their
notions ttx) urgently (»r too far. This moderate, unorganized party were
not averse to reasonable changes in the motlo of administration of public
affair — to such changes as would increase the liberties of the subject
without diminishing the rights and powers vested in the sovereign, and
would thus preserve the proper balance of authority, and the security and
stability of government. It may be said, as a general truth, to have
been led by the clergy, who, to their honour be it said, in public and in
private, without regard to denominational distinctions, used all their
influence on the side of mutual moderation and forbearance.
So heated had become the partisanship of the extremists of both the
parties, that reason and persuasion lost their powers, argument led to no
beneficial result, and conversation on political subjects but too frequently
led to personal .ncrimination and insult. Families hitherto socially
united became estranged from each other, and even the members of the
same family, having taken different sides on the topics agitating the
public mind, severed all friendly intercourse and in some cases unhappily
became the inveterate enemies of each other.
No man knew Ijetter than Mr. Johnstone that in this condition of the
body politic there was great danger that reform might degenerate into
disorganization, and that iii -considered measures might be adopted, not
only subversive of the existing form of government, but destructive to
the best interests of the people themselves, who, notwithstanding all
that was said to the contrary, always received his warmest sympathies,
and whose welfare he most sincerely desired. In evidence of this we
quote a passage or two from his celebrated Mason hall speech delivered
in March, 1840.
" I do not attend here to sustain any party or anj' peculiar line of politics, but
to vindicate the ))odies to which I belong from imputations which have been cast
upon them. I am not here to court applause on the one side or the other. Ever
since I came into public life — not on my own solicitations but because I was called
to it and thought it my duty to respond to the call — I have endeavoured to occupy
a position, which left mo not without a hope of being useful. . . . The Province is
not my liirthplace, liiit it is the birthplace of my children, and my honour ar.;l
interests are all bound up in Nova Scotia.
" Mr. Howe uttered a sentiment which was cheered by you, and heartily do I
respond to it. He sditl that he wanted to see the institutions of the country such
that the poorest Iray might see the highest situations within his reach by means of
intelligence and integrity, and with my whole heart I say amen. . . . Although I
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 445
hold office, I am a Di«Henter, and I am oiio who holds no liigh Tory principles, and
never did. When I was ottered ii seat in the Council, from choice I refrained from
it, and continued to do so while it was u matter of choice, anil only consented to
accept wiien it apjieared to be my duty, and I felt that as a Crown ofhcer and
Dissenter that my influence niigiit Ite diiected for the pulilic good."
In relation to responsible ^'overnnient he said :
" I do not oppose it on the nuiin principle, if I oppose it at all. It means, as I
iniderstand the subject, the assimilation of the (io\-ernment of the I'rovince to the
Government of the Mother Country, and the j)owcr of the House of Assenddy to that
of the House of Commons. I am not speaking as a partisan ; I am addressing you
sincerely, on your dearest interests, in which .i false step may lead to great evils.
If the new system were the blessing spoken of — if it included a sound constitution
and wholesome institutions well administered, it would l)e desirable ; but W
cautious how you make changes. "
These extracts ought :o convince the most sceptical that Mr. John-
stone was anything hut the stereotyped Tory that it was the fashion,
in certain circles, at that time, to regard him. To his wise suggestions
and moderation of sentiment, the people of this province are largely
indebted for the gradual and safe development of the great change in the
ad(ninistratiou of its affairs which was about being introduced.
The period now approached when, at the earnest solicitation of many
and influential friends, and in obedience to what seemed the call of duty,
he resolved to seek a seat in tlie Assembly ; and he at once resolved to
appeal to the county where a large portion of his youthful days had been
spent ; besides, in Annapolis he was a freeholder, and therefore possessed
of the qualification required of a candidate under the system then
prevailing.
The writer well remembers the clamour that ensued when the
announcement was made that he intended to contest the seat for the
county against the late member, Mr. S. B. Chipman. The Reformers
raised the cry of "lawyer" and "non-resident," and to influence the
vote of Churchmen, they were reminded that he was an apostate from
that Church ; and the Baptists were told that, though he had attached
himself to their communion, he was an interested convert, and insincere
in his professions. Political parties were not then so distinctly defined
as they became a little later on, and the canvass began under any but
favourable circumstances. His own denomination — the Baptists — were
divided, and a majority* of them opposed him with much bitterness and
determination ; but it must in fairness be added that those of them who
gave him their support manifested an equal warmth and earnestness in his
behalf. The election took place under the old system, and the polling
continued for several days. At the close of each succeeding day, while
* I have always supposed the majority of the Baptists support-ed him. — [Eu.]
44() HISTOHV ^)V ANNAPOLIS.
the scene of voting wivh in tlie western sections of the county, Mr. John-
stone continued to lead the poll, with cj)nstuntly augmented majorities.
This was a favourable symptom of the final result ; hut it was w(fll known
that he must bring to the east such a majority as could not be reached
by his opponent, whose strength A'as known to bts in that direction. In
conse(|uence of tliis liis election was virtually assured bttforo the voting
was transferred to Lawrencetown, wiiere Mr. Chipman resided, who,
finding success on his side hopt'less, resigned the contest, leaving his
antagonist to be returned by u majority of 377 votes. He was then,
in 1843, fifty -one years of age, and had Ijeen thirty years in the active
practice of his profession.
Among the measures introduced by Mr. Johnstone and passed by this
Assembly none, in public utility, e(|ualled that usually known as the
"Simultaneous Polling Act," under the provisions of which tlie counties
were divided into convenient districts or wards, in which the polling was
to take place on the same day. By this means large gatherings of the
electors were rendered impossible, and in consecjuence much of the noise,
drunkenness, fighting and other indecorums, which too often marked
these events in previous years, were avoided or materially lessened, and
much valuable time conserved to the electors themselves. This bill
became law on the seventeenth day of March, 1847, and was reduced to
practice with eminent success in the same year in which it was passed.
The Assembly having been dissolved by lapse of time, writs were issued
for calling a new one, and Mr. Johnstone announced himself a candidate
a second time. He was opposed by Mr. Samuel B. Chipman, who, not
daunted by his former defeat, became the standard-bearer of the Liberal
party, and went to the polls with what he declared a fair prospect of
success. The canvass had been, as was usually the case in the county,
a very thorough and animated one, but the termination of the contest
proved that the popularity of his adversary had not been diminished, as
he gained the seat by a majority of 267 votes, and his colleagues were
returned for the townships of Annapolis and Granville.
The elections throughout the Province generally, however, had been
adverse to the Conservatives, who resigned and gave place to a Liberal
adminiscration. Mr. Johnstone being chosen as the leader of the
Opposition, he continued to act in that capacity for the ten following
years, during which his brilliant qualities were as conspicuously exhibited
as they could have been as the leader of a government. The lasi session
of this Assembly witnessed a series of stormy debates on a variety of
subjects — railways, elective councils, tariff, etc. — in all of which he took
a leading part. He opposed the passage of a bill for the creating a
franchise dependent on the assessment rolls without further revision, and
declaimed earnestly and eloquently against it, declaring that its provisions
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 447
were fraught witli great evils and injury to tin; Provinco, tlirnugh the
manipulation of the assessment hy tlislionest asMeHsors, for party political
purposes. On the tarirt' (juestion he «|K)ke in these words :*
" That as tliiH wiih the liiHt hi-hhIoii of tliu Hoiim;, liu liad i-oiicIiiiUmI on Hocnnil
tliuiiglit not to iiitrotluco a rcHoliitioii which ho hail jimt ])ro|)aruil, hut which hts
would read aH pro|)ouiiditig his vicwH on thu Huhjtsct Imforc the Houmc. He iiad lieen
very niucli Htnick with an cxprcHMion in the spuci'h of the I'reHidunt of tiio United
Stntet; tiint it waH thu true policy of that lar){u coniinurciul nation to lay their diitioH
HO :i!i to aUHwer the douhlu pnrpoMe of revenue anil protection of home indiiHtry.
Thin hf hf/ieirit iras our triD' /idUci/. Could we indeed enjoy free ti'ude in its proper
aense, he had no doubt it would he hoxt for Nova Scotia ; hut mu long uh the
United StateR of America laid our exports under hurdenHome and almost prohiliitory
dutioH, it was absurd to talk of free trade. Between the altered policy of Kngland
and the determination of the United HtatcH to adhere to hor distinctive HyHteni, the
colonies were crushed and crippled, and it was now time for Nova Scotia to protect,
as far as she had the power, the products of her soil and the industry of her inhabi-
tants. The resolution is as follows : Resolved, ' That the policy required ii; that
the duties levied for the purposes of revenue should Imj regulated by such a tariff as
will afford for us a high practical encouragement to the productions and industries
of the country.' "
To the policy of constructing the Nova Scotia railways by the Govern-
ment, as public works, he offered a most able and strenuous opposition,
declaring himself favourable to the method of granting subventions to
such companies as might be willing to undertake to build them — a policy
which, though not adopted at that time, has since been recognized as
more conducive to the public interests and general welfare. During this
session it was that he moved resolutions affirming the propriety of making
the Legislative Council an elective body, which he enforced in a logical
and forcible speech, which had a considerable effect upon the public
opinion of the country in favour of such a measure.
The general election of 1851 found Mr. Johnstone again soliciting the
suffrages of the people of Annapolis, and for a third time he was opposed
by the Liberals in the person of their old champion, Mr. S. B. Chipman,
but he was again returned by a majority of 275 votes. The elections,
however, still left Mr. Johnstone without a plurality of votes in the new
Assembly, and he was forced to continue his services to the country as
the leader of an increased and vigorous Opposition.
The railw.ay question was the "burning" one Oi *.he day. The Gov-
ernment had declared in favour of the policy of building it as a public
work — a policy which Mr. Johnstone, as we have before stated, opposed
with all his powers. In his first speech upon the subject, on the third
*The reader will perhaps be surprised to find that Mr. Johnstone so clearly
stated and endorsed the " National Policy " of to-day, nearly thirty years before
its adoption by the Parliament of the Dominion, yet the speech and resolution above
quoted are clear proofs of the fact.
44H HISTOKY OF ANN/H'<>I,IH.
day of Kebruury, \M'2, in replying to «oiiu' stiit«Mii»Mit« miul(! hy a HHMiiber
for Kiii^M County, h»' addiv'ssed tli«f llousf an follows :
"The lionoiii'iklilc ^I'litlcnmii ('(iniplaiiiii of my intluxiliility <•' t'liiiiai'tcr ; that
may Ik; one of my cliHi'iit'ti-rixtius, nixl, if ho, I am itfraiil it '.» rather too hit u to
t'Diiimi'iu.'o thu work of aiiifixliiifiit in thin particiilur. Howi'vcr, I am not <li8|>oNiMl
lo rugret ilM poHHeHition, anil certainly tlicru \h no Miiltjcct to wliii'h I can loolt liauk
with nioru (.-ontoiitniunt, and u|M)n wliicli I ft'd U'mh inclineil to alter my (tonrHo of
action, than the iinhjcct of the railway. 1 havu heretofore expreHHed in no nieaHured
terniM, my iMilief that the exeention of this work hy (ioverrnnent wonid prove
injnriouH to tiie welfare of the Province."
Tliis struggle, w) far aH it related to tlin adoption of a policy, ended
for a time in forcing the Government to accept the Faciiity Bill« of the
Opposition. Mr. Annand, in liis " Public S()eeches and Letters," Vol.
II., page 152, says : "The House, though there was a clear majority to
sustain the Government, became equally divided and brought to a dead-
lock on the railway ({uestion. . , . Mr. Howe abandoned the field,
offering to pass the Facility Bills required by the Opposition." This
legislation did not, however, have tlie effect Mr. Johnstone had hoped
for and expected, as no c pany was (irgani?ed under it during the
time limited for that purpose, and the Government policy was, in conse-
quence, revived in 1854. However, he had the gratification of knowing
that his measure of success had met the approval and .secured the plaudits
of a very large proportion of the people of the Province.
The Temperance question had recently come to the front, and at this
time attracted and demanded the attention of all classes of the people.
Early in the third decade of the century societies began to lie formed in
several of the counties, by individuals wlio were willing to subscribe a
pledge of partial abstinence from the use of alcoholic liquors ; but it
soon came to be felt that nothing short of total abstinence could success-
fully and entirely abate the evils which grew out of the abuse of these
stimulants, and therefore the doctrine of " teetotalism," as it was called,
supplanted those of partial abstinence, and out of the new opinions
various organizations were rapidly evolved, having the common object
of overcoming, and so far as possible of eradicating, the vice of drunken-
ness. The founders of these bodies had adopted the principle of " moral
suasion " as the means of accomplishing their ends. Nothing could be
more reasonable than this doctrine ; nothing could be more humane than
the desire, by such means, to reclaim the drunkard and restore him to
society, and much good was done by the movement while this method of
action remained the chief plank in the t'^mperance platform.
Heretofore the licjuor traffic had been controlled by license laws of a
more or less restrictive character ; but it did not require much acumen on
the part of the leaders of the temperance men, to draw the only logical
.lAMES WII.T.IAM JOHNSTONE. 440
Hpquencc from ciTtain |tiiMni.s«'H which thry had lulitptfd an heiiif,' fuiula-
iiu'iitally Mouiul aiul truf, after tlicy had cnton'd upon th«t Mccorid phaw^
of their nioveineiit. They declared that not tlie ahuso oidy, hut the use
of alcohol ill all itH forms as a tNJverage, was, though not ecpially attlic-
tivo in its ertects, yet in a uuiral sense, ocpially sinful, danjjerous, and to
be avoided ; in fact, they went further and diMiounced the moderata
drinker as a greater criminal than thu absolute drunkard. If the tratlic
in "strong drink" was the Hource of the evils to l)e abated — was in
itself an evil, no government could license it without sin, nor delegate
the power to others to do so without the sanio ofl'ence. Therefore, to
Ije consistent, the license laws should be abolished ; and in their place
they proposed to enact a hiw prohibiting tl>o manufacture, importation,
sale and use of all spirituous liquors, or, in other words, to substitute
" legal suasion " for " moral suasifm."
Mr. Johnstone was a teetotaler from choice and from principle long
before these movements had commenced, and there can be but little doubt
he had watchecl the diflferent phases they had assumed, and the many
changes which they had umiergone in the course of their development,
vvith great interest, if not at all times with unalloyed pleasure. No man
cou'.d be more desirous to mitigate or remove the evils caused by the
abuse of stimulants than he, but few men saw the whole field of battle,
and knew the positions of the combatants, the weak and the strong
points in the ranks of both armies, and the ultimate eflects of victory
or defeat, so clearly as he. Tt had long been a maxim with him that it
was a blunder to make laws in ivdvance of public opinion ;* that laws, to
be efTectual, should be the result of a call from the educated opinion of a
majority of the people whose welfare or interests they are intended to
secure. On one occasion in the writer's presence, a lady of the county
suggested that he should avail himself of the opportunity afforded by his
return to power to introduce an Education Act to give the people free
schools, based on the assessment of all. He spoke in reply somewhat as
follows : " Are the people prepared to tax themselves to secure the
advantages afTorded by free schools t Would not the more wealthy
among the rural population object to their taxes being increased in order
that their poorer neighbours might have their burdens lessened 1 Would
not those who had, at a very considerable expense, educated their children,
object to a change which would involve their continued taxation for the
benefit of those who possessed nothing to tax t When the first of these
questions can be answered in the atiirmative, and the two remaining ones
in the negative, by any considerable majority of the people, legislation will
* If this principle had always governed the policy of Mr. Johnstone and liis
successor in the leaderahip of his party, neither the School Law nor Confederation
would have been adopted in Nova Scotia. — [Ed.]
29
+ '>0 HISTOIIV oh- AN'NAI'OLIS.
iMiCoiiU! NiitV, l)iit not otlu'rwinc. If, tlicrefon*, wi* woiilil liuvu this
iMvuMurt) ii(l<i|ilt!il, thu ]M-((|ilit imixt lie iiiHtruclnil hh to IIn viiliif ; it hIiouUI
l)«' (llHciiwMi'd ill fvi'iv <l<'l)iititig I'luli ami in fvrry iifw>|)iijM'r, iiinl at i-vt-ry
flrcnidf ill tin' i-oiintry. I uiii '^\iu\ tliiit you aif striviiiif to liriiiy iiliout
thut (.'utiilitioii of |iiiiili(' opinion on tin* siilijcct which I ho heartily ih^nirH
tu Men, ami without wliich no hiw can lit> iii.i<ii> a hoon or a hlustiing to tho
people."
Ah in tlio eduratioiial so also in tlit; tciiipcranci' inattfr; iitid it iit
nearly cfM'tain that Mr. JolinstiiiK; was not, at h*>art, a HUp))ortt>r of
the principle of enforcing; teiiiperancf hy lej^al enaetiiuMits and llu-rcfore
did not vt^-y di'<')ily rejirot liis failure to place such a law upon our statute
hooks. liut to him and liis i;ollca;.;ue, Avard Lon^'ley, we were iiid(!i)te(l
for many improvementM in the license laws, and in liim tlie temperance
fraternitieH alwuyH found a sincere friend, a wise counsellor and a th'iii
HUpporter.
On the occasion of tli(» general election in 18').'), Mr. .lohnstoiu- wan
opposed for the fourth and last time hy his old antagonist Chipman, hut
was again triumphantly returned as the county representative. The
I herals, liowever, succcn-ih'd in gaining a majority in the new Assemhly,
though they were not tU'stined to guide the ship of State much longer.
Events originating in riots on the line of railway then in course of con-
struction, led to a hreach between the administration and its Koman
Catholic supporters in the House, which finally culminateil, during the
second session, 1857, in an adverse vote which forced their resignation,
when Mr. Johnstone was called upon to ioi'in a new gov eminent, a task
in which he was eminently successful, accepting the Attorney-tleneral-
ship and the position of leader. On going hack for re-election he was
opposed by Mr. (late the honourable) William Caguey Whitman, but
was returned by a majority of 395 votes, the largest he had ever received
in the county.
One of the Hrst acts of the new administration was to take measures,
too long neglected, toward an equitable settlement of the mines <|uestion.
All the ungranted mines and minerals of the Province had been formerly
leased to the Duke of York, a younger brother of George IV^., and this
lease had oeen assigned or transferred to a London firm — Kundell, Ikidges
and Rundell — in consideration of certain moneys paid by them to the
creditors of His Royal Highness ; and these gentlemen formed a company
afterwards known as the " General Mining Association," for the purpose of
opening and working the mines of Nova Scotia, which thus became a close
monopoly during the continuance of the lease. Much dissatisfaction was
caused among the people of the Province by these operations. They
contended that the king had exceeded his powers in granting this lease
without the consent of their Legislature. In 1849 the Civil List Bill—
.lA.MKS Wri.I.IAM .KMINSTuNi:. 451
\>y wlii«!li tlio cstiito of tln» Crown was vt'st«'il iit the I'loviiu'iiil (iovorii-
iiierit -Ih'ciuiio Iuw ; luul it wiis cliiiincd that no h^iHH u( thit niiru'H waH
any lon^**r valid without coloiiiiil sanction. Thi« niinin;^ l)usint>Hs of the
country was thus l)rou;,'ht to a Htandstill, luul the inti'ii-sts of all jiartios
t'n(lan>,'crtMl. In th«! session of iMoT, thtMoforc, Mr. Johnstone ol»tainc(I
power from the Legislature to appoint dele^Mtos to proceed to Kn^jland,
with a view to bring 'ilx'ut, if possilile, a compromise with the lessees,
suhj it, however, to rati(ieatio»> or rejection liy the Assonilily. In con-
secpience of this !»! iiiid Mr. Aflams (J. Archii)al(l — then a prominent
ineuilicr of the Opposition date Lieuttininit (iovornor, wore chosen by
the Kxeeutive as such doIegateH. Tlioy went to Londim in Juno of that
year, and succeeded in ellecting an arrangement with the Association,
which, while it secured their rights in the mines then <ipened anil worked
by them, conceded to Nova Scotia the ownership of all others. The
terms of this agreement were laid before the Assembly at its next session,
and after a livt^ly and full discussion, the (|U('stion to accept them was
carried by a vote of thir/ytiro against nuinfrrn, or by a majority t
thirteen votes.
A more lucky event for Nova Scotia in a financial point of view than
the settlement of this vexed <piestion neviM" occurred. If it had been
delayed four years longer, the terms thus secured would have become
impossible, and the Province would have been forced to await the expira-
tion of the lease for the recovery and resumption of its rights — rights
through which, at the time of writing, it derives nearly if not (juite one-
fifth of its revenues. In 18(51 it will be remembered that the discovery
of the existence of gold in this country was made, and as soon as the
knowledge of this important fact had reached the ears of the lessees, they
would, of course, have declined to entertain any terms whatever. To
Mr. Johnstone justly belongs the credit of having propounded the measure
which made a settlement possible, as soon as circumstances had placed him
in a position to do so ; and the highly beneficial results, which are so
certainly felt in this hour of her history, will be readily acknowledged
by every candid son of Nova Scotia.
On the 16th day of February, 1856, the Attorney-General— Young —
in a spoi'ch of great eloquence, moved a resolution pledging the Assembly
to provide the sum of one hundred and fifty guineas, to be expended in
the purchase of a sword, to be presented to Sir William Fenwick
Williams, " as a mark of the high esteem in which his character as a
man and a soldier, and more especially his heroic courage and constancy
in the defence of Kars, are held by the Legislature of his native pro-
vince." This resolution was seconded by Mr. Johnstone in a speech
equally eloquent and appropriate, in which, among other things, he
said :
452 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
" It liiis been the singuhr iortuno of Nova Scoiians— when wo consider the com-
paratively .small ))oi)ul'ition of our country — to mark with pride and view with
lui'"". (led satisfaction the achiuvementH of their fellow countrymen abroad ; and
alt'iouyh wo niay liave been called to mourn their loss, wo have moui'neil them as
heroes A'ho have falkn covered with glory ; we have mom-ned them, but there has
been a pride of co\ntry in our sor''cw, for thov have braved danger and met death
with an undaunted trout and unwavering courage. Thus have we felt the loss uf
Wolsfonl ind I'arker, to many >f u- known familiarly. This resolution acknow-
ledges the merits of General Will 'ims, the h<?ro of Ka;'s. Wc are not c;dled upon
to moiun l>'m as numbered with the dead, for though we have occasion for sorrow
vhan we rellect tliat, from circumstances over which he had no control, he with his
gallant band, bas fallen into the hands of the enemy. But we find him only a
victim to a misfortu-.u, which, if indomitable c nirage and conaumniate skill ha<l
bten able to avert it, would never huve overtaken him. ... I regard the
achievements and position of General Willianis as unapproacheil and une(iualled in
tlie liislory of the prtstnt war. Many ha\e exhibited an heroic courage not to bo
surpassed, but he has united to tho l)rav£ry of the man the skill and military
capacity of the distinguished leader Ilis profc>.;ional skill in perfecting the
defence of Kars may bo best judged oy its terrible effectiveness on the day of
assault ; his talents in organizing and inspiring troops have the highest testimony
in the spectacle of defeated, dispirited and ill-disciplined bands winning laurels
that veterans mi^;ht envy, and aohit^ving a triumph in the defence of Kars that will
go down immortalized to posterity, a defence carried on and sustained by no mere
animal courage, but with cool, unalterable determination, united with provident
precaution and conducted with admirable skill. In reading the history of thai
memorable day, as contained in the graphic and eloquent despatch of General
Williams, which may well compare with many of the classic accounts of ancient
battles, one cannot fail to be impressed with a sense of his genius and ability,
. . Under these circumstances we are paying to him no vain compliment, no
empty honour in passing this resi' ition — we are paying vhat tribute which as Nova
Scotians, and the descendants of Englishmen, we feel du'3 to a native of our
provini;e whose achievements abroad have been charactei-ized by a courage so
exalted, a fortitude so invincible, and an ability so great. We are p.'ying this
compliment to one who, though compelled to yield to a dire necessity against which
neither strength, nor courage, nor intellect can contend, is yet covered with glory,
and who is endeared but the more to the hearts and sympathies of all true Britons,
and we are but claiming for our own province a share of his glory by claiming him
as our own."
In the session of the following year, 1857, the " Hatholic Question,"
as it was then generally called, was ventilated in the Assembly. The
discussion arose upon a resolution, involving a v.-int of confidence in the
Liberal ministry, which was moved by Mr. Johnstone in amendment to
the address in reply to the speech from the throne. The debate ocnupied
about fourteen days, and was characterized by the exhibition of great
ability and elocjuence by speakers on both sides, as well as by considerable
acrimony and warmth. Mi. Johnstone's speech, on this occasion,
occupied parts of three sever. m days, ard vas perhaps the ablest effort of
his political life. For close ^laooning. spontaneous retort, elegance of
diction, and eloquence in delivery, it must always hold a foremost place
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 458
in the records of such literature. To quote the whole s;peech would be
"''t of place in this memoir, but we cannot refuse to insert its eloijuent
acation, which was intended as a summary of the points made in it.
He said :
" If any doubt could exist as to tho imbecility of the Government last winter,
there is no room to doubt their woakncHs now. Rebuked, threatened, ridiculed
before the whole people by two of their own officers, — the Chief Railway Com-
missioner and the Queen's Printer, — tliey meekly submitted. At the dictates of
these two insubordinates, aided l)y some followers in this House, they are willing
to purchase leave to live by tlio unwoi lliy sacritice of a political supporter, on the
poor pretence of an alleged offence of the same nature, but far less aggravated in
degree, than thnt pei'pt'trated by those two government officials and dictators.
Outraging bj' their conduct a portion of tiieir firmest su])porter3, they now insult
their understanding by charging them with dishonour in allying themselves with
Protestant Conservatives of liberal principle? and practices, iind demanding that
they shall remain bound to Protestant Liberals wiio have abandoned in their
practice the liberal principles which they pi'ofessed.
" Wo are taunted on the alliance of Conservatives and Catholics as if one or both
wei-e tainted with j)olitical leprosj'. Sir, we i;i'e men, and as men entitled to meet
on the broad ground of a conmion huma'iity, for o\ir platform is, Ecpiality of Civil
and Religious Freedom. As Christians, I trust we are wise enough and virtuous
enough to know how to enjoy civil freedohi and political privileges witliout tho
saciifice on either side of religious independence, a blessing without which the
name of civil liberty were but a mockeiy. As citizens we unite in valuing the free
institutions of our country, and in tiie determination to uphold them, as they exist
in Nova Scotia, with inflexible integrity ; and I trust neither of us can claim
precedence in the loyalty anil i''jVi;reiice we Ijenr our Vjeloved Sovereign as the head
of the Empire, or in the love we cherish toward her as the brightest example '.f all
that adorns, elevates and ennobles her sex.
" The loyalty of Irishmen has been quentioned. I tlaro not assume the duty of
their vindica*^ion when Erin's own sons have so often fulfilled that office with an
eloquence peculiarly their own, and which 1 can never reach. I may, however, be
permitted to say that it does seem harsli and ungrateful that any imputation like
this should be ventured so recently after tho names of Alma, Inkerman and
Sebastopol have been added to the scroll where Britain's glories have been inscribed.
While yet unnioiddered lie, amid tiie heights and precipices and ravines of those
now historic scenes, commingling in tho same graves, the remains of Irishmen with
those of their fellow-countrymen — men who together met the common enemy, and
when the battle fiercely raged, and death reigned rampant over the field, indiscrim-
inating, reapetl the abounding harvest, — knew no rivalry but who foremost should
reach the deailliest strife, who first should pour forth his life in his country's
service ! Heroic men ! in their life attesting, and sealing in death the noble truth
though they learned it not from the classic page — Duke et decorum ent pro patria
The speech from which the foregoing extracts are made, inculcating
and defending principles that lie at the very [foundations of civil and
religious freedom, showed, in an uri'dstakable manner, the true sentiments
of the man.
454 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
After an elaborato and elotjuent reply by Mr. Howe, a division of the
House was called wiien Mr. Johnstone hati the gratification to find that
he had carried a majority witii liim against the Government, which
resigned during the next day, aa we have already seen.
Among the last speeches made by Mr. Johnstone in the Assembly was
one on the question of a " Union of the C ilonies," or to be more exact,
on the " Union of the Maritime Colonies," in which he eloquently set
forth his views on the general subject, a few extracts from which will
not be considered out of place here.
" I may say tliat it has been among the first objects of my ambition, as a public
man, to secure a union of these colonies. This aspiration arose from the conviction
that it was essentially necossniy for tiie purpose of raising us up and giving us a
position. I know that, divided as we are, small in extent and population, we must
continue to occupy a very inferior position among the communities of peoples.
Now, it was not from any ambitious motives that I dejjrecated our condition ; not
from any motive of power on belialt of the comnuuiity with which I might bo
associated. I felt that the position we occupied was unfavourable to the elevation
of the body politic, and that it was antagonistic to the development of anything
like a large and generous and ennobled public sentiment. We cannot but feel that
in a small womnuuiitv, where public measures amount to matters of small general
moment, where part!"3 are brought into personal collision so closely, and personal
interests and feelings are necessarily nuide prominent objects and motives of action,
it is inv,ii,,-3ibii: there can be that unanimity of feeling, that enlargement of view,
that elsvati'Mi of purpose which is so desirable in every country. Therefore, it was
that I, !i,s U-' inhabitant of this country, the home of myself and my children after
me, felt tij't my first duty was to endeavour to create this enlargement and
elevation oi pub'nc sentiment by extending the sphere of political action, which
could only be done by a union of the British North American Provinces, of the
Queen's subjects on this side of the Atlantic."
After comparing the political condition of the colonies with that of
the United States, he said :
" In early life I held strong democratic sentiments, for, strange to say, though I
have been called a leading Tory in Nova Scotia, I was in my youth actuated by the
Whig principles of English statesmen. I was early captivated, as many young men
are, with the illusions of a Republic — of a Repul)lic that was working out the great
problem they had taken in hand ; but reflection and i>bservation have gradually
sobered down this sentiment, and I feel that, however valuable a roi)ublic may be
for giving energy to individual action, it is wanting in that power of elevation and
nobility of sentiment, and responsibility of action, which can alone raise nations to
that high-toned condition which we desire to see, and our minds figure before us,
as the objects of our aspirations. I trust that that portion of this continent over
which the British flag is waving, will continue to possess perfect freedom of action,
with all the elevation and refinement which proceeil from connection with
.nonarchical and aristocratic institutions. "...
Returning to the subject of a union he concluded a most eloquent
speech in these words :
JAMES WILLIAM JOHNSTONE. 455
" I would wish to see auoh a, union as would unite all tho parts into a homo-
geneous* whole, and make a jjeoplo worthy of the sourou from whence they sprung,
and perpetuate to all time to come, the character, name, honour, and institutiona of
that groat country of wliich we ai'e proud to form a jjart."
In the same year, and during the railway discussion which tliea took
place, Mr. Johnstone urged the necessity for the construction of the great
Intercolonial Railway as a means to Union, " independent of its commer-
cial advantage." In this same debate he paid so warm and just a com-
pliment to his constituents that it deserves to be recorded here. He was
defending himself against the ciiarge of inconsistency in proposing to
build the Pictou railway as a government work, — a, policy which it was
said was distasteful to the county lie represented, a fact of which it had
been supposed he was forgetful. He said :
" It may seem a strange position for me to occupy ; to Uring forward this measure
and state the reasons which induce me to do so. I feel in doing so I am promoting
the interests of the people of Nova Scotia ; and I feel I am ])romoting them in the
most beneficial way that is practicable ; and if any man imagines for a moment that
in advocating this measure, I have lost sight of the peculiar chiims that bind me to
tho western portion of the Province, he utterly misunderstands my character and
fails to appreciate my motives. Do I forget the interests of my own constituents ?
Do I forget the claims of tho people of Annapolis upon me ?— of that constituency
tliat tiirough twenty years without fail and witiiout wavering has rendered me its
confidence, and a large ])roportion of those who compose it more than their confi-
dence, — their personal aflection, respect and esteem ? Forget fhcir interests ! No ;
'let my right hand forget its cunning and my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth,'
before I forget the interests of tha'; constituency."
Mr. Johnstone's political career was now rapidly drawing to a close.
During thirty years he had devoted the energies of the best years of his
life to the public .service, — namely, from his appointment to the Solicitor-
Generalship, in 1834, to his resignation of the Attorney-Generalship and
leadership of the Government, iit 1864. During this period he had served
as Solicitor-General from 1834 to 1841, when he was rude Attorney-
General, in which capacitj' he acted from 1841 to 1848, and again from
1857 to 18G0, and in 1863 and 1864. Twenty out of these thirty years
he was the representative of this county, and since 1843 had run success-
fully no less than eight elections, all of which, save the last, were con-
tested. During the session of 1863-64 an Act was passed authorizing
tho appointment of an additional judge in the Supreme Court, to have
special jurisdiction in all matters pertaining to Equity proceedings, which
had formerly been vested in the Court of Chancery, so called, in a judge
* He appears to have used the word "homogeneous" as more expressive of a
Legislative than a Federal Union. In this same speech ho said: "I have never
favoui'cd a Union of tiie Provinces by way of Federation, for it did not appear to
tend to the great object we had in view."
456 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
styled the Master of the lloUg, the title of the new judge to be "Judge
in Eijuity." To this position the subject of this memoir was appointed
on the 11th day of May, 1864, and he held the place during the remain-
ing per'od of his life — ^about ten years. It is a well-recognized fact that
he wad in this capacity a most able, painstaking and efficient judge. The
judgments delivered by him were marked by their clearness, general
soundness and great ability and learning.*
A year before Mr. Johnstone's decease he visited the south of France
on account of the state of his health, which had become very much
impaired. This course had been taken under medical advice, and it was
hoped that a season of rest from laborious and exhaustive mental labour
would so recuperate his physical system that the life of the "old man
eloquent " would be spared to the public for a few years longer. But this
was not to be.
The gentleman who for many years had been his great political antag-
onist — Mr. Howe — whose health was also in a shattered condition, was,
shi tly after, elevated to the gubernatorial chair of his native province,
an honour to which he was very justly entitled. Re had occupied the
position, however, for only a few months when he died. On the occur-
rence of this untoward event Mr. Johnstone was selected by the Governor-
General to succeed Mr. Howe, and on the receipt of the news of the
appointment, in France, where he then was, he notified his acceptance of
the position, and at once commenced his journey homeward with some-
what improved health, and it was earnestly hoped that his life would be
spared to assume the duties thus imposed on him ; but on his return to
England he suffered a relapse, which in a few weeks ended in his decease
at or near Brighton.! The event caused deep grief and disappointment
in the hearts of his many friends and admirers, who felt that he emin-
ently deserved the honour which had been conferred upon him as a suit-
able crowning act in recognition of his life-long and valuable services to
the people of Nova Scotia.
It only remains to add the following very just estimate of the character
of the late Judge in Eriuity, which is extracted from a book bearing the
title " Acadia College and Horton Academy." Dawson &, Co., Montreal,
1881 :
" A portraiture of more difficult execution is required to present a just idea of the
late Judge Johnstone. In religious discussions and questions in the church, always
* I feel bound to add that in all the qualities that make a great judge, Judge
Johnstone, altliough seventy-one years old when appointed, was the equal, if not tlie
superior, of any who had preceded him on the Bench of Nova Scotia. He possessed
in a most eminent degree the legal and judicial mind. His incomparable powers of
analysis, and ready application of legal pruK-iples to all the details of a case, and
force, cli;ii.rno3s and logical methods of expression, would have given him high rank
in any r;>urt of the Empire. — [Kd. ]
tHe was buried at Cheltenham.— [Ed.]
ALFRED WHITMAN. 457
the moat modest und meekest of men, he neverthelesR was intellectually a giant. A
most impressive sight it was to see this man with talents which at the bar and in the
legislative halls could hold men hy the hour in speechless admiration, take his place
in meetings f the church with the manifest humility of one who felt himself ' less
the least.'
" In private and puhlic life, hy the natural bent of his mind as well as training,
Mr. Johnstone was, in the best sense of the word, a gentleman ; meanness and false-
hood wore ttbiiorrent to his nature, and his intercourse was marked by a delicate
sense ol propriety. His higher nioral perceptions also were remarkable for their
strength and power. Give him the maintenance or defence of a case in which, as
against his client, justice was denied or feebleness oppressed, and he was often known
to fire and soar aloft in a manner truly wonderful. On such occasions he often sur-
passed himself, and all classes of men, unlettered and cultivated, friends and antag-
onists, have equally expressed themselves with admiration of his extraordinary power.
Nor was this quick sense of justice and right dependent on the excitement of courts
or popular contests ; private and intimate intercourse no less revealed this trait in
Mr. .Johnstone as an original element of his moral constitution. To (me knowing him
autticiently, and contrasting his finely moulded character with the coarse natures of
many men, even in high position, how naturally and mournfully comes now the
exclamation, * When shall we look upon his like again ? ' "
ALFRED WHITMAN.
1844-1848, I848-18r)2, 1852-1856.
Alfred Whitman was a brother of Elnathan and a son of John
Whitman, and was born at Rosette in 1797. When a young man he
served a time as clerk and book-keeper with Phineas Lovett, who was
then engaged in a large West India business. Here he acquired a
general knowledge of trade matters, which proved of great service to
him in after life, and formed habits of industry and attention to business
which gained for him a good name and aided him in conquering success
in the battle of life, which he always fought in a brave and intelligent
spirit.
Shortly after leaving the employ of Mr. Lovett, he married Jane,
daughter of Thomas Spurr, and settled on the farm at Rosette, where
he continued to live until, failing health unfitting him to pursue .so
laborious a calling, he removed to the town of Annapolis and entered
into trade. He was thus employed when in 1840 he became a candidate
for the suflrages of the electors of the township of Annapolis in the
room of his elder brother Elnathan. He was opposed by the late Henry
Gates, of the township of Clements, who after a severe contest defeated
Mr. Whitman, obtaining the seat by a small majority. This election
took place during a period of ferment attending an important change in
the political constitution of the Province, and was characterized by great
warmth and acrimony.
At the general election in 1844 he again became a candidate, and
458 HISTOUi OF ANNAPOLIS.
obtained the seat bj' acclamation. He was again returned in 1847, 1851
and 18r)r), and in 18.57 he was elevated to the Legislative Council, and
continued a member of that branch until b's death, January 27th, 18(51.
MOSES SHAW.
1855-1859, 1859-1863.
Ry the Editor.
Mr. Shaw was for the greater part of his life a merchant at Clements-
port. I do not know whether in his earlier years he was a supporter of
the Reform movement, but after the establishment of responsible govern-
ment, and the later struggle between Mr. Howe and Mr. Jolinstone
mentioned in previous pages began, he was a pronounced adherent of the
new Conservative party led by the latter. A man of recognized social
standing, good jutlgraent, and respected by people of all classes, he had
conferred on him, what had always theretofore been considered, the
honour of a Commission of the Peace. After Mr. Howe and his
colleagues, t-s a result of the election of 1847, succeeded to power in the
following year, they advised tlie Lieutenant-G«T*^ernor, Sir John Harvey,
to cancel all the old appointments and issue a new General Commission
of the Pea^c, in which the names of several of the most worthy and
respect* .' magistrates in each county who were Conservatives in politics
were omitted, that of Mr. Shaw among them ; and a very large number
of wai I partisans of the new Government were appointed, some of them,
of course, very worthy men, but some inferior in fitness and social
and educational qualifications to those whom they had superseded. This
act, so unworthy of a great statesman, and which no candid man can help
admitting is a stain on an otherwise brilliant record, we must assume
Mr. Howe himself regretted in later years. It added intensely to the
prevailing political bitterness ; and, on its being brought to the notice of
the Home Government, was severely censured, as the gentlemen afiected,
appointed under a former regime, held their honourable distinctions
during good behaviour on the faith of the Crown ; and the Lieutenant-
Governor was threatened with recall if he did not insist on the injury
done them being redressed ; but the Colonial Secretary's despatches on
the subject were not made public until Mr. Johnstone's second accession
to power ten years later. Mr. Shaw, in January, 1849, was presented
with an address of sympathy and confidence on this occasion, signed by
two hundred and fifty inhabitants of the township of Clements of both
political parties, among them Mr. W. H. Ray, then coming to the front
as a prominent Liberal ; and he was not long afterwards reinstated, as
were most of the other victims of this deplorable act Li party resentment.
In 1855, Mr. Shaw was returned for the township of Annapolis as a
AVAIin LOXOLEY. 459
supporter of Mr. Johnstone, and in 1859 was again returned as one of
the three county members. During his .second term he saw fit to change
his political relations, and began to support the new Government which
had supplanted that of Mr. Johnstont; ; and was, in consequence, defeated
in 1863 by Mr George Whitman, now of the Legislative Council. He
continued in affiliation with the Liberal party until his death, Januaiy
23rd, 1870, aged CI. He was a staunch member of the Church of
England, a man of good presence and fair ability, and many amiable,
personal qualities.
AVARD LONGLEY.
18r)9-18(i:<, 180:1-1807.
Mr. Longley was a son of Asaph and a grandson of I.Tael Longlej', of
Shirley, in Massachusetts, who came to this province in 1700, or a little
later, and settled in Granville, probably on the farm recently owned and
occupied by his youngest son, the late Israel Longley. He was educated
in the Paividise Grammar School, after which he was employed in agri-
cultural pursuits until after the time of liis father's death, when he
disposed of his share of the estate to his elder and only brother, the late
Israel Longle}', and embarked in mercantile business. He was twice
married : (1) Anna Whitman, by whom he had one daughter, Ella, wife
of Reuben Harlow ; (2) Charlotte Troop, youngest daughter of the late
William Henry Troop, J. P., by whom he had issue. From his early
youth Mr. Longley manifested a fondness for books and a taste for litera-
ture, and by attaching himself to literar}' and debating societies, lost no
opportunity of improving his mental endowments and in acquiring
rhetorical freedom in the expression of his thoughts and opinions. At a
very early period in the later temperance movements, guided by the
organization known as the Sons of Temperance, he beciime associated
with that order, and in its division rooms he found " ample loom and
verge enough " for the culture and display of his debating powers.
The passage of the Act which changed the mixed, or township repre-
sentation to a purely county one opened to the township of Wilmot equal
franchisal rights with the other townships, and therefore gave general
satisfaction to that division of the county whose electors had hitherto,
for nearly a century, the privilege of voting for county candidates only,
while her sisters, Annapolis and Granville, not only voted for them, but
also for candidates to represent themselves as townships.
At the general election in 1859 they found themselves for the first
time on a perfect equality with the others, and Mr. Longley, of that
township, was selected, with the Hon. J. W. Johnstone and Moses Shaw,
Esq., of Clements, as one of the Conservative candidates. They were
460 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
opposed by W. H. Ray, W. C. Whitman and Israel Longley, Esqs. — the
latter gentleman being Mr. Longley's brother — who had bn u chosen as
the Liberal standard-bearers. A vigorous canvass was made by both
parties, and both went to the polls certain of success ; l)ut the Conserva-
tives were successful by considerable majorities, and Mr. Longley was
thus initiated into public life as a member of the twenty-second p vliament
of his native province.
Mr. Longley, who had previously devoted much of his time to the
question of temperance, soon became an e.vponent of that cause in the
Assembly, one of his acts being a bill to amend the acts relating to license
then on the statute books. He wisely, however, refrained from taking
or seeking a leading part in the discussions that occui)ied the time of the
A'^sembly at this period, his party being then in (Opposition ; though he
could not resist the impulse to make a spirited attack on two of the
members, who, having been elected by the Conservatives, had subse-
quently yielded their support to the Government.
In 1863 Mr. Longley was again returned — and this time at the head
of the poll — with his colleagues Mr. Johnstone and Mr. George Whitman
— the latter of whom was brought out in the place of Mr. Shaw, who,
having voted against his party and joined the ranks of the Liberals, had
rendered himself obnoxious. Tlie Liberal candidates at this election
were Israel Longley, W. H. Ray, and Moses Shaw, Es(js., who were
defeated, but by lessened numbers, Mr. Ray falling only seventeen below
the Hon. Mr. Johnstone. The result of the elections throughout the
Province having been generally favourable, the Liberals resigned and o
Conservative administration was formed with Mr. Johnstone, as Attorney-
General, at its head. Mr. Longley was appointed on the Committee of
Public Accounts, and on that connected with reporting and printing.
Laborious, diligent and conscientious, his services as a committee-man
were highly esteemed, and never without fruitful results. In December,
18("4, he was appointed Commissioner of Railways for Nova Scotia, and
fillea the office with ability until June, 1869. We shall now proceed to
give a ttw extracts from some of his many parliamentary speeches made
in this Assembly. On the question of the Pictou Railway he said :
" I would not say a single word on the question l)eforo us if I did not occupy a
somewhat peculiar position. Since the inception of railways in this province I have
stood opposed to them, in this House and out of it, and in my own county particu-
larly have again and again spoken against the construction of railways ))y Government.
I feel it, therefore, necessary for my own sake to furnish some reasons to my consti-
tuents for giving my support to this measure. I may say that were the question
now before the Legislature whether we should begin the construction of railways by
Government or not, I have no hesitation in saying that I would oppose the under-
taking by that policy ; but we are all familiar with the argument based on the fact
that we have got them, and that there has already beon a large expenditiu-e of
AVAHD LONULEY. 461
money inade in i^onni-ction with tlioHii workA. It hci'mih t<i mo tlmt it can Un clt-arly
shown tliat it iH not only for tho inturcHtH of thi- County of l'ii;tou, and other
coiintieH to the eastwai'il, Imt really fof the iiitereHtM of the whole (Miinitry that the
railway nIiouM he fiirthei' ("xtended, not only to the (iiilf of St. Lawrence, hut aUo,
at no <liittant day, to the countieH lying west of the terminuH at WindHor. . . .
At tho tii^ie the railway syHtem of thin province wuh comnieiiced, and a million of
poundu expended in connection with the undertaking, it waw nevei' contemjilated,
either hy the HupporterH of railways hy < iovernment, or l»y tlume who opposed that
policy, that the railway, having reached certain puintH Hhould remain utationary. It
wiiH holioved that the time would arrive when it woidd l»e necessary to extend it hoth
east and west ; and I helieve that the tinu; has now arrived, and it is the duty of
tho (iovernment and their present supporters to stand forward as the advocates
of extension. I shall not 1h) surprised if the people west express themselves with
somo diHap]>roval at the roatl not proceeding west siundtaneously with the extensiim
east, but anxious as I am to meet their wishes in this res])ect, I am persuaded tho
soundest policy has been adopted. To extend east and west at the same time would
very materially delay the completion of tho line to l'i('tou, and accomplish little or
nothing for the west. . . . Let us look, therefor';, hoi)efully on the future, and
no longer stand in dread of disasters to come. With every obligation of the country
met, and a surplus of .'J1(K),0(X) in the treasury at the end of the year ; with a
a roa<l grant including extras in excess of B.ny former period ; with the rich return
of our mines and minerals and general prosperity, wliy should we refuse to proceed
with our public works, and thus check enterprise and mar our progress to lionour
and future success."
In moving resolutions for tlie repeal of tlie " Act for the regulation
and support of Dalhousie Collegfe," which had been passed during the
previous session, Mr. Longley said :
'•I am not insennible to the many disadvantages under which I labour in speaking
at tho present time. I have not the stimulating iuHuences which operate upon the
mind of the Provincial Secretary this evening. A man cannot but feel a certain
degree of excitement when he knows he carries with him even tho sympathies of the
galleries. But the pidilic man who cannot withstand such influencos ought never to
enter public life. I fool that so far as the result of this debate is concerned it
would be well if I waiv id the privilege of closing this discussion, but I would be
untrue to myself as well as i,o a largo proportion of tho people of this country whom
I believe I represent on this (juostion, if I were to restrain myself from giving
expression to some extent of the initignant feeling which has been produced on
my mind this evening. , . . I do not pretend to say that in reference to this or
any other question I can at all reach the marked eloquence that distinguishes other
gentlemen in this Legislature, but I think I can say that I have put tho facts that
are connected with this question in a manner that is fully appreciated by a large
proportion of the people of this country. ... I believe that the honest, fair
and manly course to pursue would have been for the Presbyterian body, and I say it
with all respect, if they desired higher education for their young men, to have
imitated the example set by King's, Acadia and Sackvillo, and have raised the funds
to bring up the institution to such a position that they would not feel ashamed to
place it side by side with those of the other denominations who have done so much
to merit the gratitude of the people of this country. I know that as far as I am
able to understand the necessity of the country, and more especially as far as relates-
4()2 HISTORY OF ANNAPOLIS.
to tliu |K)i!uliiir circiimxtaiii'i'H ami vicuM <>f my own ilt^iiitniiimtion, that it will l>o a
l(>ii){ tiiiH* Itcfin'c tlu\v art! attr.ii'ti>il from an iriHtitiitlon IiiiHhnvimI liy ho mitny
rt'iiiiiiiHi'iMiiH'H — an iiiHtitiition \vliii:li is iinlucil (lie ionuIi of tui! ami HclfNacriliiM', I
loiik forward to tliu tiiiiu, not far iliNtant, wimn tliit i|iu<Ntiori will cauMe no littlo
agitition in this country, ami I have Ikscii vimv conMiili-raMy intlmMU'inl in lirin^'ing
tluM rcHiilution forwaiil, l)y tlii; hopi' that tliiH LogiHlatiiro wimlil ncu tiii! nticrnHily of
|iaMHin;4 it, with a vivw of Huttling IIiIh vexed (|Uustion upon an equitaMv haHix Itofore
it is too lati'."
The rt'solution toudiiny a " Uiiitm ot" the .Maritimt! Colniiios," movod
by Dr. Tiipptsi' in tlio .sossioii of 18G4, docs not socin to liiive met tlie
(ippi'oval of Mr. LoMi,'lfy, thouj,'ii he afterwards supported a larger union.
I n speakin;^ to tliis (juestiun he said :
".Somehow or otiiui' it appeared to Im unailvinahlo to inidnde Tanada in tliia
arran^'oment, l)ut he was inelinuil to think, if there iti to be any iniion at all, it
xhould lie onu of all the provinces. . , . A gr i.t deal of importaneu Iuih liiion
attai'hed to the argmnent that this union would afford a wider field of aetion for
our ])olitieianH, and thereliy soften the HHperitiuH that arise in a eontraeted sphere of
politieal aetion. He had little doubt there were several leading gentlemen in these
provinees whose aniliition sougiit a wider raii:<e, and it was eertainly a great pity
that their desires eoiild not lie gratified. He looked upon the geograpliieal iiiisition
of this province as far superior to that of any of the others, and its resources and
fiiiamial conditions were eiiually superior, aiul he felt it w<iulil be unwise to
jeopardise a condition of things so eminently satisfactory. Ho <lid not accede to
the doctrine that a unioii wouM abate sectional jealousies and personal animosities.
Ho was very far from believing that a union was going to mitigate any existing evil,
but was rather inclined to the opinion that it would bring into play various
influences and interests that we should rather seek to avoid."
In this very momentous session ho lent his most earnest assistance in
the passage of the Education Bill which had for its objects the establish-
ment of free schools throughout the Province, and the general elevation
of the character of the instruction to be imparted in them. This Act,
notwithstanding its obvious utility, was for a time very unpopular among
a certain class of iiiHuential voters thioughout the country, and in no
county more so than in Annapolis. Men who had for many years con-
tributed generously for educational purpose.s, and who had educated their
sons and daughters at their own expense, thought it a hardship if not an
injustice to be forced to assist in the education of others by the payment
of taxes for that purpose, and this feeling told strongly in the coming
elections. Not even the anti-union excitement of that day acted more
injuriously to the candidates who had been members of the late As-
sembly. It is scarcely to be wondered at, therefore, that Mr. Longley
suffered a defeat in the battle of 1867, when he contested the seat for
the House of Commons. Nor had the ferment been so far diminished as
to enable him to obtain a seat in the Local Assembly in 1871, having
with his colleague, T. \V. Chesley, suffered another defeat. But with
AVAIII) LONdLEY. 4(53
n porsiNtonce thiit ciiiiiiot l»ut l»t! rcj^ardml as liojicful lio contrMUsfl tlio
si'iit for tho CoiiiinoiiH with Culmicl liny, whootico morn lM>ro hin staiKJard
ti) victory, lioatt^ii, l)ut not dispirited, lit; icsolvcd to seek a noat in tlie
Local HouHO in i87<(, and witli Mr. William H. Troop for a colleaj^uj he
onco mont appealt^d to his old constituoncy, and aftiM' a Hharp contli'.t huc-
ceedod in snatchinj^ th»! honoiirs from his oppomsntH, ^^»'HHit'urH Mijnt and
Parker. In 1H7H he for the third time hecame a candidatt! in rpjtosition
to Mr. Itay for the seat in tho Parliament of the iJuminion, and succeeded,
after a close canvass, in scoring a consoling victory, but retiied from active
public life at the expiration of that parliament in 1H8l2, an>l died on the
morning of his sixtieth birthday, February 22nd, 1H8I. Mr. Longley
was on several occasions Chairman of tho liaptist Cor.voiition of the
Maritime Provinces.
Ah a speaker lie is not to bo placed among our i)oniinion orators,
though he was c<»nsiderably above mediocrity in tha'., i)articular, and not
witln)Ut occasional elcKjuenco and force, while his enunciation was distinct
and his diction agreeable. He took a groat interest in tho improvement
of stock, and the creation of cheese factories ; and by word and deed
ac(|uired distinguished recognition as a fri.'iid to the gi-eat cause of
Temperance, having at various times been .ip|)ointed to first positions in
the different organizations formed for tho furtherance of its principles.
,^ Throe other members of the pre-confederation Parliament of Nova
Scotia from this county, still survive among us, and the editor expresses
a hope that the day is long distant when t le " Memoir " of either of them
will require to be written. T. D. Ruogles, Esq., Q.C, of Bridgetown
(1857-1859), retired from the political a "eua after two years' service,
and could never be induced to re-enter it. Hon. trEoucK Whitman,
of Round Hill (18G3-1867), and Hon. W. H. Ray, of Clementsport
(1865-1867), are now useful and active iiembers of the Legislative
Council.
lUOC.KArillCAL AM) GI-NKALOCKAK SKKTCIIKS
IIK TIIK
FAMILIES UK THK KAULY KN(JLISll SKTTriKIJS AND CHANTEKH
OF THE COINTY OF ANNAI'OfilS.
KXI'LANATION OK SHINS AND AltHHKVIATIONS.
Shins : Tliu hiiihH tiKur<i ovi^r a Cliiisliiiii ih'iiio iloiiotoR tlio ){unoriitiiin in whirli
the |>erHon is reniovuil fniiii tli« lUKtcHlor frniii whom IiIh iluHi^unt Ih triicnil ; tliim
JdIiii ■ ili'iioluH tliiit John JH tht! iitii^'Mloi', John,' or JiunoH,'' the Hoconil gunut'iition,
oi' Hon of thu unntmtor, ami ho on, fori-itch ^t'ncriition.
Tho Uoimin nuimtralH on tlii^ lt<fl of the Mani(:h of chihli't'ii in a family aro in-
tumluil to (l(!not<! l\u' oi'ilor of thtMr Itirthi', whiio an occaiiional Araliii: numeral Htill
furthur to thu h)ft inilit^atiw that tin; pcrHiii ho numlx^rod and IiIh family will bo
nioro fnlly treated and thu gonualogy in iiih line ex|)andu<l under that niimher
furthiT on.
AiiiiKKViATiONS : h., horn : f\., iticil, nT iliail ; liu., hiiriiil ; m., marrii'd ; iiniii.,
nnmnrriid ; ch,, child, or rhl/drm ; g. fh., iirniidrlii/d, or ijniiidrhi/dn u ; gt, , yirdl ;
«., HUH ; dau., dauijIUtr ; w., iri/f ; wid., iridiiw ; l)j)d., iHt/iliztd ; u., ai/til.
AiiMSTiioNfi. KiciiAiiD AuMSTiioNn, h. 174!), aceonlin',- to trudition n
native of Dundee, but wJio IiikI lived in his l)oyliood and early youth on
tho border, came to Halifax in 1770 ; and it is said either the late Joseph
VVinniett, or the late Thomas Williams induced him to come to Annap-
olis, and employed him for a f«fw years in farmin>( operations. In 1770
he had remove<l to (Jranville for he was on duty in that year as one of
the garrison in the old Scotch fort, in anticipation of an expected attack
by troops from the revolted colonies. Here he became ac(|uainted with
Catherine Schafner, whom he married about 1777. Many descendants
are in Digby and Kings counties and the other provinces, and one, a
rising barrister, in Yarmouth.
i. John Adam, b. 1778, m. 1808, Lois Phinney : Ch. : 1, Zebulon
Phinney, b. 1810, ni. Margaret Cochran ; 2, Ilichnrd, b. 1812,
m. Mary Foster (dau. of Samuel); li, Caleb, b. 1815, d. unm.;
4, Henrietta, b. 1818, m. Rev. Curnelius Kennedy; 5, Sampson,
b. 1821, d, unm.
466 AKM8TRON(! — lUILEY.
ii. Jiimes, b. 1780, m. 18()(i, Ann Phinney : Ch.: 1. William, h. 1806;
2, Catharine, ni. Hopkins ; 15, Barnabas ; 4, Calvin, b. 1819, ni.
iii. Richard, b. 1782, ui. 1804, Ann Walker (dau. of Peter) : Ch. ;
1, John, b. 1805, ni. (Ist) Ruth Dunn, (2nd) Lucinda McBride ;
2, Sutton, b. 180{}, ni. IMary Ann Curry ; ;{, Walker, b. 180!),
ni. Eliza Bishop ; 4, Eliza Ann, m. James Lynam Marnhall ;
5, Stilman, m. Louisa Lovelace ; (i, .lames, m. (Ist) Elizabeth
Pearce, (2nd) Elizabeth Morse ; 7, Catharine, m. Reuben
Hyland ; 8, Frances, unni.
iv. George, b. 1784, m. J 814, Salome Whitman: Ch. : 1, Edward
Whitman, b. 1815, ni. (Ist) 1837, Lucy Worster Halfyard,
(2nd) 186i>, Eliza Connor; 2, George, b. 1817, unm.; 3, Anna,
b. 1819 ; 4, Elwood, b. 1822, m. Mary Eliza Kent ; 5, Edward,
b. 1824, m. Sarah Ann Curril the parents of Ernest H. Akm-
STRONO, Esq., barrister; 0, Adelaide, b. 1827 ; 7, Uldhani, m.
1846, Dorothy Rico ; 8, Schafner, m. Porter ; !), Asa, ni. (1st)
Ann Murphy, (2nd) Jane Furness ; 10, Thomas Ansley, m.
Sophia Murphy.
V. William, m. (Ist) 1812, Bertha Thorne, (2nd) Ann Milbury :
Ch.: 1, Hannah, b. 1813, m. William McMillan ; 2, Jonathan W.,
b. 1814, m.; 3, James W., b. 1817, ni. ; 4, Sands, b. 1819, m.
Jane Williams ; 5, Stephen, m. Jane Clowry ; (by 2nd wife) :
6, William Henry, m. Nancy Elliott ; 7, Bertha Ann, m. Murray
Elliott ; 8, Sarah PI, m. Aaron Bolsor ; 9, Maria Sands, m.
William Slooomb ; 10, Charles I., m. Amelia Runisey ; 11, David
H., ni. Maria S. Marshall.
vi. Francis, m. (1st) Nancy Hutton. (2nd) Mary Gilliland, me Barnes :
Ch. : 1, James, m. Margaret Robinson ; 2, George, m. Mary
Creighton ; 3, Francis; 4, Robert, d. unm.; 5, .John; 6, Jane,
m. Baxter ; (by 2nd wife) : 7, Charles An.sley, m. Sybil, dau. of
Calvin Chute ; 8, George Troop, m. Abbie Elizabeth, dau. of T.
Odell; 9, Catharine, b. 1825, m. Thomas Ross, J. P.; 10, Elsie,
m. (1st) Henry Taylor, (2nd) Philip Taylor; 11, .Fames;
12, Frank, m. (1st) Sarah Cossaboom, (2nd) Hannah Thurber.
vii. Charles, d. unm.
viii. Edward, d. unm.
ix. Nelson, m. 1825, Mary "olsor : Ch. : 1. Alice, b. 1826, m. Peter
Berteaux ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1828, m. .Tames Harold; 3, Abigail,
b. 1831, m. Benjamin Daniels ; 4, Sarah, b. 18.35, m. William
Somerby ; 5, Eliza Emily, b. 1837, m. Simon Goverson ; 6, Lois
Ann, b. 1839, m. Charles A. Drake ; 7, Catherine, b. 1842, m.
Hammond.
X. Abigail, m. Anthony Wilkins.
xi. Elizabeth, m. (1st) James Erskine, (2nd) William Mumford.
Bailey. (By the Editor.) Rev. Jacob Bailey was born in Rowley,
Mass., in 1731, of poor parents, and graduated at Harvard, where
he was a classmate of John Adams, Sir John Wentworth, and other
eminent men. He at first taught scliool, then became a Congregational
minister, and, becoming impressed with the claims of the Episcopal
order and authority, he went to England and was ordained in 1760.
When the revolution broke out he was in charge of an Episcopal Church
in Pownalborough, Me. Unable to agree and unite witli the majority
of his neighbours he was soon subjected to persecution and ill-treatment
of a most revolting character On September 7th, 1774, he started
HAILEY. 467
for Boston, and liis diary of this journey says ; " September 8th, lodged
at Williams' ; ill-treated. 23rd, mobbed at Brunswick ; got home at
night. 2()th, abroad ; tied from the mob, lodged at George Meirs'."
He kept himself concealed there for two days to avoid the fury of
these champions of political liberty and liberty of conscience. Under
date October 17th of that yoar he says of the situation of the Episcopal
ministry of that day, "They are daily persecuted with provoking insulis,
loaded with shocking execrations, and alarmed with the most bloody
menaces, and that not by the meaner rabble, but by persons of the
highest distinction ; and even those who heretofore were in the greatest
repute for moderation, piety and tenderness, have now lost every
sentiment of humanity, V)ehave with the wildest fury and destruction,
and breatlie forth nothing but slaughter and destruction against all
who are unwilling to engage in their extravagant schemes." Late in
December, 1775, or in January, 1776, it was pioposed in a public meet-
ing that a Liberty-pole be erected in front of his church, and that if
he refused to consecrate it he should be whipped around it ; but the
motion was lost by a majority of two. The malcontents were satisfied on
this occasion by shooting his heifer and killing seven of his sheep out of
twelve. In October, 1777, after being concealed in his own house, he
managed to escape to Boston, leaving his family in distressing circum-
stances. On one occasion his wife and children narrowly escaped murder.
In 1778 he took refuge among some Loyalists in Boston, and thus
describes his dress before a friend in that city furnished him with
*'a handsome coat, jacket and breeches": "an old rusty, thread-bare
black coat which had been turned and the buttonholes worked with
thread almost white, with <a number of breaches about the elbows ; a
jacket of the same, much fractured about the button-holes and hanging
loose, occasioned by the leanness of my carcase which was at the time
greatly emaciated by the constant exercise of temperance : a paii of
breeches constructed of coarse bed-tick of a dirty yellow colour, and ■'o
uncouth as to suffer several repairs, in particular a perpendicular patch
upon each knee of a different complexion from the original piece," etc.
In October of that year he was " presented " b\' the grand jury for
preaching ' treason," the charge being based on his having rehd one of
the regular lessons of the day. Num. xvi. 26. After being twice fired at,
and sever.il times driven to roam about disguised, he 3scii.ped with his
family to Halifax. On his landing, he and the party who came with him
were struck by the inquisitive gaze of the people of the town, who
"flocked toward the water to indulge their curiosity." To prevent, "a
multitude of impertinent interrogations," he stood on the quarter-deck
And exclaimed aloud : " Gentlemen, we are a company of fugitives from
Kennebec in New England, driven by famine and persecution to take
468 BAILEY — BAKEH.
refuge among you, and therefore I must entreat your candour and
compassion to excuse the meanness and singularity of our (h'ess." In
October, 1779, he settled in Cornwallis, where he remained as pastor of
the Church of England until 1782, when he came to Annapolis, and was
rector of St. Luke's Church until his death in 1808. He married, August
1761, Sarah, daughter of Dr. John Weeks, of Hampton, N.H , sister of
Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks. She died 1817, aged 75. Children who
survived him :
i. Charles Percy, b. May 3, 1777, Captain of Grenadiers, killed at
battle of Chippewa, .Inly 5, 1815.
ii. Rebecca Lavinia, b. 1780, d. Jan. 4, 1827.
iii. Charlotte Maria, bpd. Feb. li, 1784, d. June, 1857.
iv. Thomas Henry, bpd. May 11, 178G, m. Elizabeth Ward (English), d.
March .31, 1824. She d. June, 1882, aged 94. He was prominent
as a militia officer, barrack -master, etc., and had ch. : 1, Mary
Eliza, b. Sept. 29, 1812, d. June, 1827 ; 2, Elizabeth, b. Dec.
17, 1815, d. Oct., 18.32.; 3, Charlotte Wybault, b. Dec. 5, 1817,
d. 1889; 4, Martha Ann, b. Aug. 27, 1819; 5, Sarah Jane,
b. March 30, 1821.
V. William Gilbert, b. June 8, 1788, was a gifted and successful
lawyer ; ni. 1809, Elizabeth, 2nd dau. of Col. James De Lancey,
and d. May 26, 1822. She d. Dec, 1836, aged 47. Ch.: 1,
William, b. 1813, d. ; 2, Maria Eliza, m. Jan. 23, 18.34, Peter
Bonnett ; 3, Mary Freer, b. 1820 ; had also by a second wife
(Maria Mence), Hafiz Bailey, removed to New York, and Stathcrn
Bailey, long a Justice of the Peace, who has left a highly respec-
table posterity in the county.
vi. Elizabeth Ann, bpd. Jan., 1792, m. Jan. 14, 181fi, James V\ hitman.
Baker. John Baker was a descendant, perhaps grandson, of Thomas
Baker, who emigrated from Norwich, England. (There was a Thomas
Baker, born in Kent, where his ancestors had held land since the days of
Henry III., and who came to America in 1635, and settled at Roxbury
— a leading man, and friend of John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians.
Many of his posterity have become noted. In 1637 John Baker, born
in Norwich, grocer, aged 39, with wife Elizabeth, aged 31, and children
Elizabeth, John and Thomas, and " 4 saruants," came over to Charles-
town, being with a number of others chartered to sail in the John and
Dorothy, and the Rose. This is evidently the one from whom our author
derives tl^e Bakers of Wilmot. See Drake's " Founders of New Eng-
land," p. 44. — Ed.) He first settled about 1760, on some of the vacated
French lands in the Annapolis valley, but sold out and removed to the
eastern division, and finally settled in Wilmot.* He married in Massa-
chusetts, Persis Wheeler, and had children :
i. John, m. Mary Reagh ; Ch. : 1, Calvin, m. Charlotte Tupper ;
2, Luther, ni. Elizabeth Stronach ; 3, Henry, ni. Eunice Bowlby,
nee Tupper ; 4, Ward, m. Hannah Saunders ; 6, John, m. (Ist)
Elizabeth Gates, (2nd) Isabel Smith, Me Fales ; 0, Mury, d. unm.
• He is said to have been a brotlier of Col. Jacol) Baker, of Philadelphia, whose
estate is now worth §40,000,000.
BAKER — BALCOM. 469
ii. Judith, 111. John Gates.
iii. Jacob, m. Sarah Fales : Ch.: 1, Mauley, cl. uiim ; 2, Mary, m. (Ist)
Edward fJoucher, (2nd) John Randall (son of David) ; H, Betsey,
111. Issachar Harris ; 4, Maria, m. John Baker ; 6, Marshall, d.
uniu. ; <i, Seraph, in. Alexander Clark ; 7, Harriet, in. Andrew
Harris ; 8, Thomas, in. Mary Berteaux ; 0, Hepzibah, d. unin.;
10, Susan, m. Samuel Downie ; 11, Jacob Gilbert, ni. (Ist) Mary
Clarke, (2nd) Rachel Downie.
iv. Sarah, m. .James Moody.
V. Hepzibah, m. Jonas Gates,
vi. Henry, m. (Ist) — Orocker, (2nd) — Ward: Ch.: 1, John, m.
Maria Baker; 2, Eliza'^'jth, ui. Robert Sproul ; 3, Susan, m.
John McGregor ; 4, Mary, m. Thomas Cousins ; 5, Sophia, m.
Elliott Sproule ; 6, Azubah, m. William Tupper ; 7, Eunice, in.
Heniy Pearce ; 8, Taniar, in. Isaac Spinney ; (by 2nd -wife) :
9, Nelson, ni. Mary Bowlby (no issue); 10, Jacob, d. unm. ;
11, H>}nry, in. Charlotte Ray.
vii. Joab, ni 1804, Mary Nichols: Ch. : 1, William, b. 1805, d. unm.;
2, Jan-1, b. 1807; "S William, b. 1809, m. Ann McGregor; 4,
James Parker, b. 1812, ui. droline Banks ; 5, Robert, b. 1815,
m. Catharine Ward ; G, M;.rgaret, b. 1817 ; 7, Charlotte, b. 1817.
Balcom. Jony and Isaac Balcom were probably .sons of Silas Balcom,
who came with, or shortly before, Samuel, presumably his brother, one
being in Granville in 1770, the other three years earlier. They were
probably sons of Samuel and grandsons of Henry and Elizabetli, who
were living in Massachusetts in 1668, and came among the settlers of
1760. The name is derived from the Celtic hal, a town, and the old
English combe, a little valley, and would indicate that the remote
ancestor from whom it was derived was a resident of some place known
as "the village of the valley." The name occurs in tlie list of the
soldiers sent from the old colonies to the head of the Bay of Fundy
in 1755, for the purpose of seizing the French region, and among those
who participated in the final capture of Louisburg, in 1 768. The main
branches of the family settled at Paradise. Among the descendants of
these two brothers have been several medical men and clergymen, and
the more recent members of the family have dispersed themselves into
various regions on the continent. Samuel Balcom married Mary Brigham
in Massachusetts, and had children born in this county :
i. Henry, b. 1708, d. 1850, m. Ann Morse, who was b. 1770, d. 1860,
and had ch. : 1, Jonas, b. 1797, m. Salome Parker ; 2, Ann, b.
1799, m. (Ist) Silas Parker, (2nd) Joseph Wade ; 3, Elizabeth, b.
1803 ; 4, Lucy, b. 1805, m. Jacob Diirland, jun. ; and probably
one or more others,
ii. Jonas, b. 1770, m. Miss McLeay, of East Halifax County, and was
ancestor of the late Henry Balcom, formerly M.P.P. for Halifax
East.
iii. Reuben, b. 1772, m., 1796, Phcebe Messenger, and had ch. : 1,
Lydia, b. 1797, m. Jacob Durland ; 2, Mary, b. 1799, m. Rev.
Obed Parker ; 3, Samuel, b. 1801, m. Lucy Parker ; 4, Ebenezer,
b. 1803, m. Helen Longley ; 5, Maria, b. 1806, d. 1806 ; 6,
Reuben, b. 1811, m. Dorcas Emily Longley ; 7, Lovicia, b. 1814,
d. unm. ; 8, Eliza, b. 1816, m. Ob-\diah Neily ; 9, William Elder,
b. 1819, m. (in N. B.).
470
HALroM HAI,T/OU.
iv. .liiNtipli Itrixliitiii, li. I7V-I, III., IHOI, I'liirliti TiiftN, uikI IiikI rli.
I, MiluN, It, IHU',^, III. (\h\.) Anil V'ikiiliiml.irk ; CJiui) AiiiImii'iiiiiii,
wirl. ; li, Mdjof, I). IMO'I, m, Miiry Uoiix ; .'!, Iwkviiiiit, I). IH(»»J, m.
Ji/lill KoiliNoli ; 4, Aillrliii, li. IHOH, <l. illllii. ; i>, VVillilkln, li. IHIII,
il. iiiiiii. ; <■(, Maviil liHiiiH, li. IMIiJ, m. Mary VVilliiM, ; 7, Sttrftfiliiiiu
Anil, II. Ihl.'i, III. I'ltiil AnilMtrinitii ; H, I'liillJH, li. \H\i\, il iiriiii.;
!), 'riiiiri'.hii, II. iHIt), (I. IIIIIII.; 10, l/iinniii'ii, li. IK'Jl, in. ■IikmiI*
l)iirlitiiil, jiiii. ; II, .luHii|i)i Allxn, li. IH'^M, in. I.wicn ; 12, KiiiiiiK'l
JiiiJHoii, l>. H'J7. III. Kli/,tUn)Ui iSiuikH ; l.'i, .Ioiihh W. JI., \>. IH'ZU,
III. Miti'v hiiiikH.
V. Miiidli, li, I77<», III. 'iimrgo iStiirraU.,
vi. Amh, b. I77H, li. iiniii.
vii. Ijii<;y, l>. I7H0, m. IHO.'l, Atn!ilii(!t<(. I'arkur.
viii. -, I). I7H2, III, .Joliii .Mrf/'diiiiick.
ix. I.yiiiii, h. I7H0, III. Al/ijiiii I'urkrr.
Hii.AH l'.At,(,(»,M iiiatri<!tl Husiin iiikI IukI cliildnrii :
I.
ii.
iii.
IV.
V.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
X.
xi.
xii.
Alii^i, ni. (liiiij) Miuy \'iilfiit.in(i,
|{.iu:li<!l. III. Iionjitinin lluirm.
■ ■ ' I7!t'.<. Klli:i. <;iliii..r.!, \,. I77i^, iind liiul i:li.: I,
2, .luiiiiiM, II. I7'.H, Ml. IHUi, Miiry
(iiliii f'di.tor ; •!, .M/iryin'ot,
.liiliii, II. I77(>, III
WlllwilM, II. I7t)li, <l lllllll., >., .,.i,,,'.n
I'.itt.tr, II, I7!«i; •">. .Muiy, li, I7!i'>. m , ., „-
Ann, II. 17"!*, in. .Imn^pli I'uM.iir ; i», SuMun, li. IHOI, in. AiiiIiiohi;
Urn!. Cnri iftHiK!) ; fi, .lolin, in, ''JMt,) (,'iillii^i'iiM! \,i;wi:, ''JiiO) IMfurif.t
7, Kliiiiii'ir, III. VVilliiiin l/iml, ; H, Siiiuji Ann, in. JfiMMii VVunio
Oliviii, rn. .Iimcjili I'nt.tur,
Mitry, ii;, .lolin lliiiilwick.
Alii^uii, III. •lllllll (.'urty.
Iiiicy, ni. IVIt!iiilt,.
SlIHIltl, ll, lltllll.
iMinic*!, ll. iinni.
Inane, III. IHOK, anil liail cli.
Saiali, in. Aliraliaiii liow
WiiJiatii, III. IHO<J, liiiUi MrKfiii/io.
Saiali, in. Aliraliaiii Ijowi:.
.)(mi:|ili, III. l.'iilK, Nnrali VV'ri^lil,, anil had cli,: I, iOiniiitrlino, li.
IHO!»; 2. William ll.iiiry, li. IHII ; :i, .lainc« .Slanl.^y, li, IHI.". ;
4, .John, I). IHlij; r», .l<mt!|ih ; «;, Allen, li. IM20 ; 7, Moiirict.la, b.
IJAI/rZ'ill, or I'lil.Hiill. 'JuIIIHToI'IIKK l'AT,T/<»lt, wll.ll llJH wife, l,W() HOIIH
find ll dii,n^ht,(-r, ciiiii)! willi l,iif Ciuiiniii Hf.tt.UtrM t,o LiiiK^tiliui'^, iitid irt
1 7fi4 rrrii'Acfl U> (Jmiivillo. MIh h<iiim I'nUrr and f ■litiHlophcr n-inov^fd
t,ii Wi'ntdl,, iho latter liaviri^ Hold out, l,h(! I'lirin now owned an<l oeeiipied
l»y Henry ( ,'alrick. (/'lirinl,o|iher married in (ieriiianv, I'lirliatH, who after
hiH (inal.h. III. (2rid; Adam .Meliat'ner (hiw 'Jiid wife), and d. 'July, 1782.
Tlioy had cliildntn :
i. ('hriHtotilior, in. Iiydia Wdiidliiiry Man. of .lonai iiaii, neii,, MI),)
and had rli. : I, J''(mt,i!r. in. (Im!; I,ydia IJiikh Man. of Aidon;,
CJiid) .laiK! McNij V ; "-, i .it.fir, in. I'liidio f/'lark ; .'1, .lonathaii
Wdddliiiry, III. Ann h 'I'hoiiiaH ; 4, flirani, in. (Ut,) lionint) I'intio,
Ciiiid) MiiMttta I'ineii ; 5, hydia, in. .Siiiniitil MclJride ; (J, Amy
fl,, III. William KiikIihIi ; 7, Mahaia, in. William TlioinaH ; H,
llnralia .NulHon, m /ach triali (JaniolM ; !*, Ilaniiali, in. .lolin
Mar«(!Hoii ; hi, ijovo, le. KranciH UuriiH ; II, Margaret, in.
Ahii|iIi IMiuuIh.
nAi,T/oii iiAN iKii r HANKS. 471
ii, i'(il4ir, III. (/itlliiii'iiMi /iiiiKliir, iind Iih'I rli. : I, Jolin, in. Kariili ; 2,
Kntdtiric, in. Aliri! Olivitr; .'(, ZuiKliir, iii. Siiitiiii l>i':l<M(iii ; 4,
Mnry, m. I7''i'*t 'I'Ii'mhhn I'.. l<iM't> huh ; >*, t'ointliy, in. .Ihiiim
IMcii ; <i, Kli/,ikliiit.li, III. iSiiiKiii Itilcy ; V, ll/iiiiiali, in. I'ort.iir ;
H, Amlriiw, in. I'liinolit Wortliyliiku ; !>, (-'|.iiHl.((|ilii;r, d. itniii.
U\N<Uftn\ .frilKMIAM I'.ANTKfU'T WII.H (IcHCI'IMil'd flOII, .Fdllll Ullticnif t.,
wh< , wiih hJH wild urnl cliililion, i^iinm over from l<<iiiiliiii in \^'>'.i2,
lui' ' n<'f.l,l<il ill till! i; iloriy of \IuHH(ii;liiiH<!t.l.M liny, ami w/ih t.fii! nucc.nUtv oi
Hnm;r<»lf,, \,\u; ^^r<•.nl \mfiri<;»ii (liHl/iriari. 'I'lin lim- oC iU-.hcc.i'I v/iih from
•loliii,' lliroii^li Tliom/iH," 'riioimiM,' Hamiifl,' iinil Siimiicl,' wlio miiirii'il
Huriili llolL Sumiii'l,'' vvlio iniirricil Hiirali I'oolo in MiwhucIiiihoM.h, (wirmi
fmrii with <,lm .MuHHiirliuHoM.M hhII.Ii-ih in I7<(i,(ir iddnipM /i liM.ji! I.il.cr,
with Ijih fiitJiiT ami IiI'oIJdm'h ami HiH(,crH, w'lo all HJioi't.ly iifturwai'lH
ii;t iirncil to ,V1;i.MHa<'liUH(iH,H, iixr'<r|il, llaiiiiali an'. Jfii^miuli. Tlif foiiiiiT
married .lolin SlJirral.t., of (iranviJI)', ami l.lit; lal.t,ci' fiel.t.lird m-ar l>oiin<l
llill. .Iiiiemiah, l/orn 17'').'}, mairiiid I7H!>, Hara.'i I'ayMon, (l^lll^llt<il■ of
•lonatlian, and liad rliildntri.
i. Kiiiniii'l, I). l7H!t, in. Miir(.;Hi't:t |)aviH, itnij l.'uj cli. : I, Hurali, in.
(/'uiitiiifi I'liiktir ; '^, Marj^iinit, in. <iilliM;.'i, Alinini, in. P'owlrr.
ii. Kli/,aliiiili 'rilcHtomt, li. \7',t\.
iii. Ann, t>. !7I'.'i, m. Hiuniici Sl.iirnil.t,.
iv. KliHliH, I). 17!"*, in. •Iiiiio 'Jl, IK'iH, Nuriiii Ann Aimtitii, anil hnd oh.:
1, l.iicillii, Ii. Apr. '^, IH.'!!), il, iinin.; 2, .loMepli Aiml.itii, <!. iiiiiii. ;
.'t, |{(!V. .luiii'iH Williiiin .loliiiHt.oti, II. Aiip;. II, IK-H, in. Mary
l<'i>wlur; I, .SaininJ KliHlia, li. I)i:(\ li'i, IH47, in. (\h\) Aliio Milllt,
(2ii(lj Anna liiiiini I'urknr ; n, IvinHiiid Crawluy, li. h'v.U. h, |H4!>,
d. IIIIIII. ; (», Hui'iili H., I». An;;. \.i, iHi'il, in. (,'liiiili'H |)iivit,t,.
V. WilJiain, II. I70K, in. .Iiiim II, IK'Jl, \M»:v,ru fluinillon. uiid had
ch.: I, VViliiain Allen, l>. IK24, in. IH'lo, llnldah IlickittHon ;
2, KMhIih I.., II. Au((. 4, IH,"il, ni. Iioiiinu l/oOaln.
v'. .loi«(i|>li, l(. |M(M>, in. Jami l''il./rHiid'il|ili, a'ld had eh.: I, lltinry
Shaw, III. i'em)!<i|ii) fjiiloi ; 2, ('arolinii l).,d. imin.; .'{, I'idward,
d tiiMii.; 4, Mary, d. tuiin.; a, .)ime|ili, in. i'Jiiiinii iloHkin, wid.,
/i>V Deiit.iiii.
vii. Ilandley, I.. IK02.
viii. Hiirah, li. IH04, iinin.
ix. Ciiroline, h. IHOH, in. Adulpliim I'aytoii.
X. Mi'.v. .lereiniah, li. IKII, in. (Int; Ann Ktarrut.l., ''2n(|) Au|,!iiMta
MrtrHliall, and hud ch.: I, I'Mwiti A., in. Minerva llainiltfjii ;
2, IteNnie, in. William |)iin(ii:k ; >'t, liiieiim It., in. .lane r>iii')(eNH ;
4, .Samuel It., d, iinm ; 7, Mitry Kinniii, d. iiliiii.: H, Olaretieo
I'liyMiiii, d. iiniii.; (by 2nd wifo) : i'iriicHt. MiU'Mliall, in. ilachol
Mimlier.
xi. Maria, h. IKI4, iiiitn.
Rankh. 1. llir'iiAHli Bankh, l.lie imniij.'ninl, anei'Ml.or of (IiIh fiunily,
eaine !.(» America and Het.tled at. hl(:it,iiale, in I'lymoul.ii (/olony. lie may
1)0 l,li<i nepliew lliriliard, H<in of William, nientioned in (lie will of .loliri
HanekeH, of l/mdon, Hi.'JO. lie waH afterward Hent. to lay out. and
or(<ani/.e new towriHlii|iM in wlial, iw now Maine, net/t,led in York </'oijnt,y
472
HANKS.
in that province, and held several inijiortant pul)lic ollices there. He
married EJiziiheth, dau;,'hter of John aiid Elizahoth Alcocke, of York.
From tliem, tlirou;,'h Jolm,'-' who married Eiiziiheth, daujfhtcr of Peter
Turbat Moses,' who married lluth, daui,'hK!r of Klias and Maj,'da!en
Weare, oamo Joshua,' born Sej)tember 13, 1713, married Septembtir 18,
1737, Mary Mutchmore, who, with all his family, came to this county
in 1700. His son Moses, on his marriaj,'e, settled in Wilmot, and Joshua
followed him some years later. Cliildn ii, besides others :
(2) i. Moaes, b. 1738, or 1739.
(3) ii. Joshua, bjxl. Nov. 4, 1750.
iii. Jiiaoph, b. May 11, 1762, said to have sottled i.. eastern New
Jersey,
iv. Eliziilieth, b. July 20, 1755, m. IMiiiieas Graves, 8 oh.
V. Jeremiah, b. about J 750, d. ayed 80, unni.
2. MosKS Baxks, b. 1738, m. (1st) 1704, Jane Spinney, (2nd) 1778,
Judith Saunders. Children :
i. Ruth, b. 1704.
ii. Elizabeth, b. 1700, m. James Austins,
iii. Ann, b. 1708.
iv. Moaes, b. about 1770, m. Olive Morton : Cli.: 1, Phineas, m. Eunice
D()d<;e ; 2, Joseph, in. Hannfih Ward ; 3, Edmund, m. Eunice
Morton ; 4, Maria, m. George Duncanson ; 5, John, m. Elizabeth
Beals ; 0, William, m. Harriet Patterson ; 7, George, m. (Ist)
Sarah Taylor; (2nd) Nancy Marshall; 8, Emily, m. James
Duncanson.
V. Richard, b. 1773, m. Nancy Patterson,
vi. Joseph,
vii. Benjamin.
By second wife ;
viii. Timothy Saunders, m. 1809, Margaret Bass; Ch. : *1, Caroline, b.
about 1809, m. James Parker Fiaker ; 2, John, b. 1811, m, Ann
Spinney (dan. of .Joseph) ; .'5, Mary, b. 1813, m. Benaiah Spinney;
4, Alden, b. 1815, m. Maria Baiiks ; 5. David, b. 1817, m. Maria
Patterson ; 0, Margaret, b. 1819, m. John Burns ; 7, Amoret, b.
1821, m. William Henry Harris at Bear lliver ; 8, Joseph, b.
1823, d. 1870, m. Dorothy Pay.son, d. 1870 ; 9, Betsey, b. 182C,
m. James, son of John Banks; 10, Dimock, b. 1825, m. Elizjibeth
Goucher (dau. of Edward).
ix. Eliphalet, m. Hannah Saunders: Ch.: 1, Timothy S., m. Mary
Burpee ; 2, Henry, m. Mary Cropley ; 3, David, m. Mary
Beaufry, New lirunswick ; 4, Judith, ni. David Morine ; 5,
Marthca, r.\. John Robar ; 0, Abraham, m. Sarah Rice ; 7, Thomas,
in. Maria Ernst ; 8, Obadiah, m. Margaret Riley ; 9, Ezekiel, m.
Helen Baker (no issue).
X. Jeremy, d. unni.
xi. Judith, d. young,
xii. Jane, m. Daniel Whitman,
xiii. Judith, unm.
* The author of the "Chute Genealogies " makes Eliza, m. John Crocker, the
eldest, neces.sarily po.stponing the births of Caroline and John, and saj's Alden ni.
(1st) Hannah Cogswell, (2nd) Seraphina Patter.son, (3rd) Maria VVhitman, n^e Banks.
BANKS. 473
3. Joshua Hankh, 1j. 1749, in. 1770, I)ov'.tli«a Craft, and d. 1846,
jvged 96. Children :
i. (JuofKu, b. 1778, in. 180'), Eli/,ab<>th Nelson : Ch.: 1, Hunnali, b.
18U!>, ni. liiiitoii Chute ; 2, Siifiih, b. 1811, m. Siliis .liickson ;
3, .JaiiicH NelHon, b. 1814, )ii. Dorothea Huiils ; 4, Craft, b. 181(1,
in. Sophia Clnito, tn'i: Marshall ; 5, Fredeiif, b. 181!(, ni. (Ist)
Naomi Marshall, (L'nd) Lois Chiitu ; 0, El/.k Ann, b. 1821, in.
William .lackson ; 7, Eleanor, b. IH'M, in. (1st) Siilnoy Marshall,
(2iul) Saiiiuol Mooio ; 8, Isaac, b. 1828, m. Eliza Foster ; 9, Mar-
garet Ann, b. 18.'J1, in. Jloward Mayhew.
ii. John, b. 1779, 111. 1811, Mary, dau. of .lool Farnsworth : Ch.: 1,
William, b. 1812, m. ( st) Rachel Elliott, (2nd) Mary Foster ;
2, Handloy, b. 1814, in. Arriianilla Marshall ; 3, Ann, b. ISlrt, d.
1819 ; 4, Abijjail, i). 1K1!>, d. uiini.; 5, Margaret, b. 1820, in. Rev.
Henry Aichilles ; (t, Maria, b 1822, 111. (Ist) Wm. H. Roach,
(2iid) Archibald Burns; 7, .laineH, ' 1824, in. Elizabeth Hanks ;
8, Henry, 1). 182(>, m. (1st) Rebecca Vidito, (2iid) Rebecca Hoff-
man ; !), Mary Eliza, b. 1828, m, Weston .lohnston.
iii. Honrv, b. 1781, d. 1878, in. 1804, . liankful Farnsworth, b. 178(5, d.
18()8; Ch. ; 1, Mary, b. 1805, m. Charles Foster; 2, .loel Farnsworth,
b. IMO7, m. Deborah Slocomb ; ,'5, .loshua, b. 1810, d. 1843, m.
Catharine .Slocomb; 4, Caleb, b. 1812, d. 1831, unin.; 5, Henry,
b. 1814, 111. (Ist) (./'athariiio iJurland, (2nd) Wilhelmiiia Congdon ;
G, Louisa, b. 1817, m. .John W. (Jilliatt ; 7, Frances, b. 1819, m.
Gideon Beardsley ; 8, Reuecca, b. 1823, ni. Parker Neily ;
9, Susan, b. 18:^5, m. George Neily ; 10, Caleb Analey, b. 1830,
in. Caroline Rafuse.
iv. James, b. 1782, m. 1810, Sarah Rice: Ch.: 1. Silas, b. 1811, d.
1830, unm.; 2, Joseph, b. 1812, in. Leali Durland ; 3, James, b.
1812, m. (1st) Margaret Moody, (2ihI) ; 4, Eliza, b. 1810,
m. Thomas Elliott; 5, Dorothea, b. 1818, d. 1819 ; 0, .Jacob, b.
1822, in. Ruth Ann Burns ; 7, Sidney, m. Sarah, dau. of Wilbur
Parker.
V. Christopher, b. 178ij, m. (1st) 1811, Pluebe Durland, (2nd) Jerusha,
dau. Isaac Longiey : Ch.: 1, Eliza, b 1812, in. Reis Worthylake ;
2, Cornelia, b. 1815, ni. .lohn McKenzie ; 3, Charles, b. 1816,
m. (1st) Sarah Ann McKenzie, (2iid) Angelina Whitman, ne'e
Sloc(>mb ; 4, William, b. 181H, m. Hannah Rankin ; 5, Angelina,
b. 1820, m. Israel Brooks ; 0, George, b. 182.3, i>i. Rel enca
Messenger ; 7, Maria, b. 1825. in. VVilliam Crocker ; 8, John
Ward, b. 1827, m. Rachel McKenzie ; 9, Russell, b. 1829, in.
Lovicia Marshall ; 10, Sarah, b. 1831, m. Solomon Charlton ;
11, .Joseph Clark, d. unin.
vi. Hannah, b. 1780, 111. Elijah Be.ils.
vii. Frances, b. 1788, d. 1803.
viii. Mary, b. 1791, d. 1803.
ix. Kliz.beth, b. 1793, ir. Bayard Payson.
X. Jacob, 1). 1794, in. Elizabeth Witt : Ch. : 1. Louisa, in. John Wilson;
2, Sarah Bethiah, in. Albert Sproul ; .3, John, m. .Jane Neily ;
4, George Craft, in. Sarah Ann Durland ; 5, Samuel, d. unm. ;
0, Ambrose, m. (1st) Sarah Eliza Whitman, (2nd) Matilda Wl it-
man, (3rd) Arinanilla Sproul ; 7, Maria, m (Ist) Isaac Whitman,
(2nd) A I den Banks.
xi. Frederic, b. 1797, in. 1819, Hannali Graves : Ch.: 1, Philo, b. 1820,
d. unm.; 2, Gilbert, b. 1822, unm.; 3, Alexander, b. 1824, unm.;
4, Israel, b. 1827, d. unm.; 5, John, b. 1829, m. Rachel Wilson ;
6, Elizabeth, b. 1831, m. Aaron Carlton ; 7, Phineas, b. 18,34, m.
Harriet Wilson ; 8, Eliza Jane, b. 1830, m. William Dalton :
9, Margaret, b. 1840, m. Curtis Dalton.
474 HANKS — BASS.
xii. Williiiin, b. 1800, in. about 1830, Margaret Ann Warwick : Ch :
1, Mary Kli/.a, in. Doa H>'>ih>' Raluunt ; 2, .lesaie, b. 1835, in.
TlioiiULs Chcsley (son o( Suuiuij))
Anotlipr family of li.\NKS is noticed by tl;o author in his MSS., hut
tht'ir origin and the usual biographical note of the ancestor are wanting.
Tiioinas Wheeler Banks married toward the close of last century, Sarah,
daughter of Abel Wheelock, and had children :
i. Jolm, I). Sept. 12, 17!>7, in. 182(5, Nancy Bonjaniin : Ch. : 1,
E/.ekifl Clouvelaiid, b. March <>, 1827, in. Susan Maria Dodge ;
2, .Jacob 1). Dec. 2, 1828, m. Bethia Robinson ; 3, Thomas, d.
unin. ; 4, Elizabeth, d. unm. ; 5, Mary Salome, in. .Fonas W. H.
Balioin ; (i, Sarah Amanda, m. James A. Cox ; 7, Ingraham Bill,
m. Mary McPhee.
ii. VVilliaiu, m. Harriot Wheelock (no issue),
ill. Sarah, m. Andrew Brown.
iv. Abel, m. (Ist) Susan Freeman, (2nd) — Morse (no issue).
V. Elizabeth, m. William Clark Felch.
vi. Rufus, m. Mary Ann Hemiiig : Ch. ; 1, Asahel, m. Sarah Forbes ;
2, Alice Maud, m. Reis Goucher ; 3, Sarah Elizabeth, m. Charles
Walciitt ; 4, Ingram Rufus, d. unm. ; 5, Thomas, d. unm. ; G,
Edward Manning', unm.; 7, Belle, d. unm.; 8, Minnie Maria,
unm.; 9, Annie, d. unm.
vii. Sophia, m. Benjamin Wheelock.
viii. Thomas, m. Salome Benjamin : Ch.: 1, Amelia, m. Francis Smith ;
2, Augusta, III. Manning Armstrong ; 3, Mury Eliza, d. unm. ; 4,
Annie, m. John Foster ; 5, Wili;im Harvey, d. unm.; 6, Charles
Thomas, d. unm.
ix. Clarinda, m. Robert Berteaux.
X. Zechariah, m. Mary Dodge : Ch. : 1, Lydia Adelia, m. Albert Dodge;
2, Thomas, unm. ; 3, Emma, m. Marius Cooley ; 4, Jacob, b.
1828.
Bass. The Bass family of this county, of whom Joseph Bass was the
progenitor, was of considerable distinction. John Bass, probably grandson
of the immigrant ancestor, was born at Newbury, Mass., about 1700, and
educated at Harvard. Joseph and John, two of his sons, came to this
county as permanent ot-tilers in 1783 ; the former was a grantee in the
township of Annapolis, and lived near Clark's Ferry, remarkable for liis
hospitality, especially to members of the English Church ; he d. 1826;
the latter settled in or near Liverpool, Queens County. Edward Bass,
D.D., his other son, b. 1726, d. 1803, was the first Episcopal Bishop of
Massachusetts. In this province the name is now often spelt Barss.
Joseph Bass, b. about 1730, m. (1st) Elizabeth Crowell, (2nd) Lydia
Alden, and had children :
i. William, d. unm. at Nictaux, aged about 80.
ii. Joseph, d. unm. (killed in an encounter with pirates),
iii. John, a school-teacher.
iv. Alden, m. Christina Burns, and had ch. : 1, Mary, m. Caleb
Slocomb ; 2, Margery, m. John Dugan ; 3, Lydia. m. William
Rhodes ; 4, Elizabeth, m. Foster Bolser ; 5, Margaret, m.
'bass — HATH — UKALS. 47&
Timothy S. Banks ; (i, JoReph, in. Klizahoth Robinson, and had
ch. : If illinm, d. young; Motijuri't, m. William Morton ; Uettniv,
m. Sarah A. Hrown ; Joseph T,, m. Hannah Starratt ; Hobeii,
u). Mary Ann Nichola.
V. Eli/.aboth, ni. Ilov. Charles Scotc.
vi. Sarah, d. at Nictaux, agod over 70.
vii. Margaret, ni. Timothy Saunders Hanks,
viii. Edward, m. and lived in Newbury Port, Mass.
ix. Thankful, d. unm. at Bridgetown, over 80.
Hath. John Bath, of Yorkshire, canio with his uncle, William Clark,
sailing from Hull, aged about ID, bringing his uncla's horses overland by
the mere trail which then existed from Windsor to Annapolis, while the
latter with his family and farm tools came around in a schooner. He
married in 177C, Keziah Hill, a daughter of one of the earliest Massa-
chusetts settlers ; and the lot on which he lived in Granville is still owned
by his descendants. He was the first to convey the mails to Halifax on
horseV)ack ; previously they had been carried on foot. He died Nov. .'i,
1816, aged 65. Children :
i. Elizabetli, b. 1778.
ii. John, jun., b. 1770, m. (1st) 1803, Elizabeth Troop, (2nd) 1820,
Phebe Troop, and had ch, : 1, Hannah, b. 1804 ; 2, Keziah Ann,
b. 180(5, d. 1807 ; .'{, Keziah Ann, b. 1800, ni. James Edwin Reed;
4, John Fletcher, b. 1811, m. Elizabeth Hall ; 5, Mary Eliza,
b. 1813, m. Gilbert Bent ; 6, Jacob Valentine, b. 1818, d. unm. ;
7, Eli?.abeth, b. 1822, m. Charles Fitzrandolph (2nd w.); 8,
Eliza, b. 1823; 9, Abner, b. 1825, m. — Chipman ; 10, Hen-
rietta M., b. 1833 ; 11, Robert.
iii. Mary, b. 1783.
iv. Tamar, b. 1785. ni. 180<), Valentine Troop.
v. Hannah, b. 1787, d. 1802.
vi. Robert, b. 1781), m. 1812, Minetta VVilloughby : Ch. : 1, Augustus
Willoughby, b. 1814 ; 2, Henrietta Maria, b. 1815, m. James
Longley ; 3, Robert Hall, b. 1819, m. Eliza Ann Clark ; 4,
Samuel Henry, b. 1821 ; 5, John Edward, b. 1827, m. Elizabeth
Wade ; <5, Albert Leander, b 1829.
vii. Henrietta Cooper, b. 1792, m. Abner Troop.
Seals. Asa Beals was a Loyalist of 1783, probably from Massa-
chusetts. William Beals came among the Pilgrims to Plymouth in 1621,,
in the Fortune, the next vessel after the Maiifioiver ; and there was an
Asa Beale in Plymouth, 1720. Our present subject was born in 1755,
and was descended probably from John Beals who came to Hingham,
Mass., from England, 1638, through the line of Jeremiah,- Jeremiah^
jun.," Andrew,* and Abel, sen.' He was nephew by marriage of Isaac
Kent, whose daughter, Abigail Kent, he married here, and settled in the
eastern part of the township, where he was often employed as Commis-
sioner for laying out and constructing roads. He married (2nd) Mary
Miller, widow of Richard Clarke. He gave a farm to each of his eight
sons, and to each of his two sons-in-law. He died 1820. Children :
476 IIKALS.
i. Amlrow, in. ('hnrlottu L'liiirlton, nnd \md c\\. : 1, Nancy, iii, Klijnh
Rood ; 2, Henry Chmlton, ni. IHIll, Siiruh Fulch ; :t, .liiiiHim, m.
Miuiili Hent ; 4, Klixabetli, ni. (I at) Kdwiird Hcnsliuw, (2nd) —
Winchostor ; o, Mary, ni. tlohii Mi'(trot{<)r ; <i, .Ihiucs, ui. Ih;{7.
Mary Ann Klliott ; 7, Andrew, ni. Widow (lortrndo I'almor, »t«V
Hniitli ; a, Hubert, m. Naomi (irant ; !), .Folin, ni Kli/.abeth
.luti'erson ; 10, Caroline, il. nnni.; 11, Kniily, ni. Ni-heiniah
lieala ; 12, Hanuiel, ni. KUun I'owetH.
ii. Abel neiilH(Mrd) jun., ni. Susannah Hennoluiry: Ch.; 1, William, m.
182!), Mary Hannam ; 2, Setli, m. — Kltzrandolfili ; '.i, Micali, m.
Jerusha BuaU ; 4, Kli/.abeth, m. Frank K>;erton ; *>, Charlotte,
unm. ; G, Celia, m. (l»t) Francis <• ray, (2nd) Henjauiin Hathbnni,
(.'Jrd) Edward Martin ; 7, Mary, m. Williaui Margoson ; 8, Simon,
d. unm. ; !>, Richard, d. unm.
iii. Seth, d. 17!I7. nnm.
iv. Stephen, m. Nanc)' Henshaw, and had ch. : 1, Samuel, b. 1815,
ni. Sarah Hersey ; 2, (xeorge F., b. 18l(>, m. Ann Hoomer ; 3,
Sarah .Jane, b. 1818, m. Micah Kent ; 4, Stephen, b. 1820, ni.
Charlotte Boomer ; », Edward, b. 1822, m. Sarah Chute ; (i,
Elijali, b. 1823, m Lucrotia Rand ; 7, Isaac, b. 1827, ni. Louisa
Jaiie Chute ; 8, Lucinda, b. 1825, d. 1828 ; !», I'riscilla, m.
Jo.seph Crewson ; 10, Lucy, m. .John Reals.
V. Isaac, b. 180), ni. 1820, Catherine Kent, and had ch.: 1, John
Strong, b. 1822, m. Sarah Jane Dennison ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1824,
m. Asa Whitmiin ; 3, Nohemiah. b. 1827, m. Emily Reals ; 4.
Christina, b. 1833, m. Robert H. HutL ; 5, Isaac, b. 1837, m.
Mary E. Clates.
vi. Joshua, m. 1807, Rebecca Taylor (dau. of .Tames) : Ch. : 1, Abigail,
b. 180!>, m. Frederick Taylor ; 2, Sarah Sutclitfe, b. 1811, m. John
Whitman ; 3, Amy, b. 1813, m. Dennis Bent ; 4, Isaac, b. 1815,
m. Mary Harris; 5, Stephen, b. 1817, m. Mary Ann Payscm ;
(5, Rachel, born 181!t, m. William H. Harris ; 7, Rebecca, b.
1821, m. William Phinney ; 8, Eleanor, b. 1823, m. Edward
Payson ; 9, Catherine, b 1825, unm.
vii. Elijah, b. 1788, d. 1847, m. 1813, Hannah Banks, who was b. 178fi,
d. 1870: Ch.: 1, Henry, b. 181.3, m. Francos Ruggles ; 2,
Priestly, b. 1814, m. Hannah Phinney ; 3. Cooper, b. 1816, m.
Sarah Ann Ruggles ; 4, Jacob, b. 1810, d. 1820 ; 5, Jacob, b.
1821, m. Phobe Berteaux ; (i, John, m. Lucy Buals ; 7, Arod, m.
Margaret Sheritl"; 8, Caleb, m. Eliza Whitman; 0, Elizabeth,
b. 1817, m. John Banks ; 10, Dorothy, m. Samuel Banks ; 11,
Anna, m. Rice Daniels,
viii. Arod, m. 1807, Catharine Belong: Ch : 1, Rev. Wesley C, b.
1808, m.; 2, Experience, b. 1810, m. Angus Morrison fiidney ;
3, Abel, b. 1812, d. unm.; 4, Susannah, b. 1813, m. Ebenezer
Rice Whitman ; 5, Mary, b. 1815, m. Georce Everett ; 6, Isabel
Eliza, b. 1817, m. James Davoni)ort ; 7, Elias, b. 1819, m.
Seraph Dodge ; 8, Catharine, m. Isaac Longley.
ix. John Cooper, b. 1806, m. (1st) 1828, Nancy Clark, (2nd) Sarah Ann
Ruggles: Ch.: 1, Miner C, b. 1828, m. Emmeline Bishop ; 2,
Margaret Ann, b. 1830, m. Thomas Yarrigal ; 3, Louisa, b. 1832,
m. .ludson W. Bishop ; 4, Jacob, b. 1834, m. (Ist) Sarah Miller,
(2nd) Maggie Warwick ; 5, Lavinia, m. Phineas Charlton ; 6,
Henrietta, m. John Hall ; 7, Mary, m. Ingraham B. Bishop ;
8, Edward, m. Ella Easson.
X. Rachel, m. Boyd McNair.
xi. Abigail, m. Edward Henshaw.
IlKNSON — HENT. 477
Hkn-hov, CiiitiNToi'iiKK Bknmov, lioin in Sidwfll, Kxi'ter, l'!iij,'Ian(l,
ITl'O, ciiiim to New York, in 17tiO, with liis wife iind two diildini.
Wh«'ii tli«' war luokf out ho cNpousfd tho loyal side, and was an cHicient
otlic'tT in a Fj>yi'list coi[)s; coniinj; to this jirovincn in \~S'.\. ||is hoiih
wore then tw«'nty two and liftct-n years old icsjicftivt'ly. His son-in-law,
William Seunian, accompanied him, and settled in Granville, where for
several years lie was town clerk, hut afterwards returned to New York,
Major Benson was a man of considerable culture and intellif,'ence, and for
nearly forty years gave active and etllcii'nt gratuitous service in militia
affairs. Ho lived to a great age. He married in 1751, Mary Simmons,
h. 17;U, d. 1805. Children:
i. Hannah, h. 17r).'{, d. 17H4.
ii. Mary .Sinnnons, h. 1750.
iii. Cliristophor, b. 17<iO, in New York; ni. 17S4, Lucy Dunn, h Dec,
17<iO: Ch. : 1, Kli/.abeth, b. 17^5, in. tiacob Morry ; 2, llulcn, b.
17H(i, ni. Arcliilmld Hicks ; 'A, Mary, b. 1788, ni. Isaiah Sanikrs ;
4, Lucy, b. 17!'l, in. NVilliniii Mt'iry ; 5, (Jracc, b. 17!>.'J, iii. C'liip-
iiian Ucckwith ; (i, Rebecca, b. 17i'5, in. (Jeorgo (ii'iiy; 7, Chris-
to|ihor. li. 17''*7,* ni. (Ist) Uotsy Merritt, (2ntl) Jeiiiiniu Lettency;
8, VVilliaiii S., b. 175>!), in. Leoinira Merry,
iv. William Simmons, b. 17<>8, in. Tainar Messenger ; several ch.
V. Kli/.abeth Brewerton, b. 1771, m. William Seaman.
< vi. Jlcbecca, b. 1774.
vii. Mary Dement, b. 1778.
Bent. David Bknt was descemjled from John Bent, a native of Pen-
ton-Grafton, some seventy miles soutfi-west from London, who came over
from Southampton to Sudbury, Mass., in 16.38, through his son Peter and
grandson Jlopestill and great-grandson Micah, the father of David.
Micah, who married 1737, Grace, daughter of David Rice, came to Annap-
olis in 1760, with sons David, Micah, Peter and Hopestill. Peter, who
died shortly after his arrival, is said to have been the first of these
settlers to receive burial in Canada's oldest grave-yard. Hopestill and
Micah returned to their old Ma.ssachusetts homes. David, wlio was born
March 18, 1739, and married in Massachusetts, Mary, daughter of
Ebenezer Felch, settled .shortly after his arrival in the locality now
known as Bentville. He was one of the Sudbury men selected by their
fellows to view this valley and report upon its eligibility for new homes
under Governor Lawrence's proclamation. His children were :
i. Micah, m. Abij^ail Harrington, and had ch. : 1, Beriah, m. Lovejoy
Parker ; perhaps others. He was drowned and wid. m. Arod
Kent,
ii. Ebenezer, twin of Micah, d. unin.
iii. David, in. Ruth Parker and had ch. : 1, Asaph, b 1788, m. Sarah
. Fales; 2, Theresa, b. 1789; 3, Isaac, b. 17!»1, m. 1815, Miriam
•Christopher Benson and Betsy Merritt had ch.: 1, Kebeuca Ann, m. James H.
Parker ; 2, Mary Kliza ; 3, (ieorgiana ; 4, Adeline, in. William Feindal ; 5, John, m
Harriot, dau. of John C. Wilson ; 6, Edaar, ni. Catharine Wentzel ; 7, George,.
m. Ida is'ichol ; 8, James ; 9, Isabel ; 10, Christopher.
478 HKNT.
Voiin^ ; 4, Itiifiis, I), 17It-'(, III. IH'JU, Ann Stnrriitt ; Tt, AliiKail, b.
17)i:>; «, Diivul, li. IT'.IM, in. WM, Kli/iilmth Ann Hont,; 7. Ilohnccn,
1.. IWM); H, Uiith, li. IHOU ; 1», Miriam, 1.. 1S04.
iv. JiiHuph, III. I7'*-. .AiiiiH liMii^lcy, anil hud cli. : I, NViurt'ii h. l"!*-'*, m.
FriinotHSIittfnor ; l', F>iuy, li. I7'.*"», iii. (iiMir^'o Willi'tt ; .'I, Aiiiuliu,
1). 17!»7. III. (iilliort Uiiy; 4. Isriu-l li., h. \7W, <1. \K''i, in. (Int)
llitniiiih Kiktii, (2nil) SiiHun FoHtttr ; 5, SiLiitn, It. IHOI, m. (itior^u
Fi'linwH ; t>, Miiry, h. IHO'J, in. Aiiron Kiiton ; 7, llov. .1. Flurchor,
1.. IHOtl, III. Siiwiii Hurry ; H. Willium L.. 1). IWMt, in. (1st) Marin M.
Troop. (-JikI) Ciiiii'lotto llHi'ilwick; M. (iilliurt, l>. IHl.'t, in. (Int)
Miiry L Hiitli. CJinl) Mfttiltlii Mroo/.e; 10, .lohii, h. 18'J2. d. utiiii.
V. NVillirtiii. .1. I'.. It. 17«!t, <1. IKV.i, in. 17!M>. Abijjiiil, dim. of rhincas
liovott, Hiid liikdfh.: 1, W'illiain Lovett, M.I)., in. Kiiiilifiniii liong-
iniru liiid Huttlod as a phyHician at Di^liy ; 2, Kli/.alMtili, l>. 1N(N),
in. CultO) MhihIwiH ; a, Abigail, b. IHOL', in. (IhD .lobii Forrest,
(•Jnd) Fdwurd McLiitchy, of Hants Co. ; ), ri.aia, b, 1«()4, in.
William Marshall ; 5, PhinouH li., b. 1807, ni. Maria Hochnor ;
<l, .Stilliimn, b. IHlO, ni. Miss Morso ; 7. Solina b. 18i:t, ni.
Walter lUcketson.
vi. Asa, in. (1st) Lois TiijipiT, (2iid) Mary Tupper, (.'<rd) in 1H;1'2, Ann
liusby, and liii'l ch. : 1, Ambrose, in. Susan HalcDin ; 2, Klias, in.
Kli/.abotli Hardv.'icke ; I), Eliakini, m. Naomi lirown ; 4, Ann d.
uiini. ; .'». David, uniii. ; (by 2nd wife); 0, Mary, m. .lohn Warner;
7, , d, uiiiii.; (by 3rd wife): 8, Husby, b, 18UIJ, m. Susan Morse
Miller; !>, Ralph, b. 18;«!. m. Sarah Whitman ; 10, .John Zonas, b.
18H5>. m. Lucy,<tesnor ; 11, Albenia, m. .lohn Hartlett ; 12, Anna,
m. Thomas Uowlos. ThiTo was probably also a son Asa, m. .Jare
Felch.
vii. Stephen, in. 17*.>7, Amy Tiipjier (dan. of Elisha), and had ch. : 1,
Elizabeth Spia^ue, b, 17!*H, in. Archibald lloUs ; 2, .Jerusha Prince,
b. 18(M), m. .James D'Arcy ; U, Caroline, b. 18011, in. Adam Hawkes;
4, .lames S., b. 180<i, m. (Ist) Lucina Morse, (2nd) Margaret lioole;
6, Lucy Ann, b. 1808, m. Charles Elliott ; <i. Amy, b. 1810, m.
.James Thomas ; 7, William Henry, b. 181U, d. num. ; 8, Louisa
Bathia, I). 181(5, unm. ; 0, Susan Murilla, b. 1810, m. Obadiah
Parker ; 10, Stephen Edward, b. 182;J, m. (Ist) .Jane Willett, ('hid)
Mary E. Parker, (.'{rd) Emma Bent, widow, ne'e I$acon.
viii. Silas, in. Mary Newcomb, and had ch. : 1, NewcomW, in. Hannah
Foster ; 2, Mary, m. .Jesse Philips ; .'}, .Tames m. Amoret Martin ;
4, Denis, m. Amy Heals ; 5, Eliza, in. David Bent.
ix. Sarah, m. John I'oole.
X. Dorcas, m. Isaac Lon|u;ley.
xi. Mary, in. Solomon Harrington.
xii. Elizabeth, d. unm.
xiii, xiv. Twins, d.
Samuel Bent, born August 15, 1743, descended in the fifth genera-
tion from Jolin Bent, the iiuniigrant ancestor of David Bunt, through
Peter,- Hopestill," Peter,* was in his youth an apprentice to Captain .John
Wade, whom he followed into service against the French in 1759, and was
in the battle on the plains of Abraham ; and family tradition says he
had the honour to hoist the British Hag oii that great occasion. It is said
that when victory had become assured a flag-staff was called for, and
young Bent being a mechanic was detailed to procure one from the tall,
straight fir-trees which lined the heights, while others dug the hole to set
it in. In their haste they forgot to reeve the necessary lanyard before
HKNT. 47!)
tho Btftrt' hiid Iwon flniilly "stopped." St'vtiriil triwd to oliinl) it, curry
up tliB line, iind roevc it tlirou^h tli(> hlouk, and l)*>tit iit lt>n^th Hucue<>d<>d,
ciirryirif; up tlio find of tlui line in his ti-ctli, iit'tcr wliicli f'cat In* wiis
»(!C()rdt'<l tlin privil«'j{c of lioisting the lliig. Tiif sni.iU lumd-Haw uhcmI l»y
}iim in prfpiiring tliu Ntatl' is still in tin- posst-ssion of on*- of liis dcsfi-nd-
AntH, JuHoph Hnnt, of (irimvilic, who still owns and occupies a lar^e por-
tion of the homestead <in which his piu;;;enitor settled when he reached
liis majority. lie catni! to (iranvill(« the year following the capture
of Quehec, married in 1700, liachol, sister of Moses liay, and liad
children :
i. Sinniiol, h. ITOii, m. (1st) Mary Luoiwinl, i'2mJ) Hrown : Cli. ;
1, Lawrence ; 2, Martni, lu. — Hunt ; ;>, Hiichul, ui. 1H14,
Ahrithnin Uo^art ; (by 2nd wifu) : 4, Alice, lu. 1H35, Cornulius
Hogart ; 5, Ncdobiiih, ni. ; tl, Kdwa (i, ni.
ii. Nwluhiah, h. \'i\7, ui. 17HH, Kli/.iihotli Trucsdal : Ch. ; 1, Exoetionco,
I). 17K!), ni. Tliiunag Mossuni^ur ; 2, Samuel, h. 17*M, in. 'IhuodoHin
C'nil'l) ; .'{, Abigail, It. IT'-'-'l, ui. David Messongor ; 4, .Alpliutis, li.
17'.).), d. unin. ; 5. Mary, b. 17'.t7, d. 17!»7 ; «>, l'lu)l)o, t). 17!»«, ni.
•loseph Hrown ; 7, Jussu, b. IWJl, u\. Maliida Kniiren ; 8, KV,»kiul,
b. 1H0;{, lu. (1st) Frances Holsor, (2ud) IJutsoy Bcrtoau.\ ; !t, .John,
b. ISOi'i, d. unui. ; 10, Ellon, b. 1807, ni Christoplier BoUor ; 11,
Rachel, d. unui.
iii. Soth, b. 1709, u». (Ist) Lucy Haukolton, (2nd) Eliraboth O'Brian :
Ch. ; 1, .lohn, ni. Fhcbo Millet- ; 2, Lucy. d. unui. ; .'J, Sarah, ni.
David Young ; 4, Margaret, ui. David Milbury ; (by 2nd wife): 5,
(jrandiHon, in. Lydia Sainulers ; 0, Moses, d. uniu. ; 7, Edward, d.
uniu. ; 8, Mary .\nn.
iv. Jesse, b, 1771, ui. 1801, Sarah Hackelton ; Ch. : 1, William, b. 1802,
m. Ruth North (no issue) ; 2, Eliza, b. 1H04, d. unui. ; I), Lee
Vose, b. 180<J, m. Elvira Wade (no issue) ; 4, Seth, b. 1810, ui. Eliza
Fairn ; 5, George, b. 181U, lu. Ellen Macsweeny ; (», Ambrose, li.
1817 in (1st) Amoret Morse. (2nd) Eunice Ross, (IJrd) Clara, dau.
of W. Y. Foster; 7, Edmund Foster, b. 1H22. ni. (1st) Amanda
Starratfc, (2nd) Sarah Freeman, (IJrd) Elizabetli Chesley, ?t('V Albe,
widow of F{ev. R. A. Chesley.
V. James, b. 1772, ni.
vi. John, b. 1774, a J. P., m IHOt, ]\l,i,.y Harris: Ch. : 1, Mary, b.
1810, m. Henry Gesnur, .1.1'. ; 2, Sarah, b. 1813, m. Robert
Parker, J. P.; ;{, John Harris, b. 181.5, ni. Eunice Dodge; 4,
William Henry, b. 1810, m. Caroline Gesner ; 5, Euphemia, b.
1820, m. VVm. Henry Young ; 0, Emily, b. 1822. m. .lohn Crozier.
vii. Ebenezor, b. 178.'i, m. 180!>, Loretta Dench, i>. 1781. d. 18."i8 : Ch. :
I, Robert, b. 1810, m. Theresa Hicks ; 2, Hemy, b. 1812. ui.
Olivia Miller ; .'f, Deborah, b. 1814. m. .lesso Dodge ; 4. Eunice,
b. 1816, m. Ezekiel Burns ; 5, Ezra, b. 1810, m. Ann Phinney ;
<), Hannah, b. 182.'{, m. .loseph Troop ; 7. Abraham, b. 1824, ni.
Mary Young ; 8, Mary. b. 1827, m. Stephen Milbury ; 0, .lacob
Fritz, b. 1827. m. (Ist) Elizabeth Witlierspuon, (2nd) Caroline Bent.
viii. Rachel, b. 1777, m. John Elliott.
ix. Nancy, b. 1770, m. .John Fritz.
X. Elias, b. 1785, m. (Ist) 1811, Mary Ann VanBlarcom, (2nd) Susan
Anthony : Ch. : 1, Anne, b. 1812 ; 2, Joseph, b. 181(>, m. Elizabeth
Steadman ; 3, Maria, b. 1819 ; 4, Elizabeth, b. 1821. m. ; 5,
Georgina, b. 1823 ; 6, John, b. 1826, d. unm. ; 7, Ebenezer. h.
1828, m. Elizabeth Morrison ; 8, Ruth, b. 1832 ; 9, George
Thomas, b. 1835, m. Horatio Gesner ; (by 2nd w. ) : 10, William ;
II, Alfred, m. Laura Sulis.
480 KENT — JIEHTEAUX.
xi. Charles, l.. 1787, in. 1814, Elizfthoth Waile : Ch. : 1, Lucy, b. 1814,
111. .)i»Iin }iutclii8(>ii ; 2, Stephen, b. 1815, m. Cynthia Wade ;
'A, Helen, b. 1820, in. Robert Hoseasun ; 4, Ann, b. 1818, m. John
Honey ; 5, Racliel (or Maria), m. Edward Shafner ; (i, Samuel, b.
1822, ni. Mary Abraham ; 7, Henjamin, b. 1824, m. Keziah Young;
8, Daniel, h. 182(i, ni. Eii/abcih Oliver ; !), Prudence, b. 1829,
in. George Covert ; 10, Hannah, b. 1832, m. Edwin Wade ;
11, Mary, b. 1828.
Behteaux. 1. Philip Bkhteaux was born in tlio Ishind of Guernsey,
of French Protestant parents, who tied thitlier from France after the
revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685. He was commissioned
"Master Carpenter" in the employ of the Boa'.i of Ordnance, and came to
Annapolis in that capacity. He was one of tlie grantees of the " Cape
Grant," so called. His very numerous posterity are to be found in vari-
ous parts of Nova Scotia, and from Nova Scotia to Britisli Columbia, and
in the United States. The name of liis first wife is not known. The
second was Elizabeth Gould. He died about 1780, aged over 60. He
had children :
(2) i. William, b. about 1750.
ii. Ann, m. Henry Hardwick.
iii. Perhaps John
By second wife :
iv. Thomas Edward, ni. Nov. 14, 1795, Mary, dau. of Foster Baltzor, g.
dau. of Christopher, and gt. g. dau. of Christopher, sen. : Ch. :
1, Mary, b. 1790, m. (1st) Thos. Palmer, (2iid) Samuel Slocomb ;
2, John, b. Dec. 13, 1797, ni. Elizabeth, dau. of I'eter Baltzor ;
3, Alice, b. 1799, in. Thomas, sou of John Robinson ; 4, Ann
Maria, b. Jan. 17, 1802, m. Chipman, sua of Joseph Brown ; 5,
Philip, b. 1804, in. Susan Brown, sister of Chipman, 11 ch. ; G,
Dorothy, b. Dec. 14, 1806, in. Peter McBride; 7, Elizabeth, b.
April 10, 1808, m. Ezekiel Bent ; 8, Sarah Ann, b. July 25, 1812,
in. Joseph Dugan ; 9, Julia, b. March 1, 1816, ni. William
Howell.
V. Margaret \ ,
c r "• unm.
VI. Susan
2. William Berteaux, probably eldest son of Philip, born probably
about 1750, married Ann, daughter of Michael Spurr, and had children :
(3) i. Charles, b. 1773.
ii. Philip, b. 1780, in. 1808, Catherine Chute, wid. of John Wear.
iii. Elizabeth, bpd. Aug. 26, 1786, in. William Morehouse.
iv. Edward, bpd, June, 1787, m. Dec. 5, 1810, Mercy Whitman : Ch. :
1, B'reeman, b. Aug. 27, 1811, m. Lucy Ann Rice ; 2, Edward James,
b. July 3, 1813, m. Margaret Ann Tupp'-r ; 3, Benjamin Spinney,
b. Dec. 29. 1815, m. Anne Baker; 4, An.i Whitman, b. May 1,
1818, m. William Potter ; 5, Louisa, b. April 15 1820, m. Josiah'
Potter ; 6, David, d. unm.
V. Marv, b. Nov. 5, 1789, d. same year.
vi. George, b. March 7, bpd. June 25, 1792, m. Deu. 29, 1817, Eliza.
Williams : Ch. : 1, Helen Augusta, b. Dec, 1818, m. Alexander
Harris; 2, Elizabeth, b. May 25, 1821, m. William Wells;
3, Alfred, b. March 23, 1823, m. Dec. 26, 1849, Isabella Howe
liKRTKAUX. 481
(dau. of VVilliHin) ; 4, Snriih Jane, b. Aug. 5, 1825, d. unm. ;
5, Clmrlotto Ann, 1). Aiil'. 12, 1827, ni. Charles Wells; (5, Emily,
1). Sept. 14, 182!), ni. John MtDoiniiind ; 7, Henry, 1). Aug, 5,
18.'U, d. uiun. ; 8. Maiiii, 1). May 18, 18;$;$, m. Oliver Hracebridge ;
!), Seraph, b. Feb. 28, 18;i5, ni. (ieorge LcCiiin; 10, Lucinda,
b. Mar. 2;$, 18;i7, m. (1st) . lease Heals, (2nd) (leorge Stevens ;
11, Caroline, b. .lune Ki, 1841, ni. (leorgo Wells; 12, Oeorge
Augustus, b. Feb. 27, 184:$, ni. Ph(ebo Jefferson ; i;$, Louisa,
b. Sept. 1, 1845, ni. Fdnuind Clark.
vii. Mary, b. Aug. 20, 17i'4, iii. William Fairn.
viii. Nancy, b. 18(X), m. Henry Hardwiuk.
ix. Mercy, ni. Henry Gates, M.P.P. (his 2nd wife).
3. Chaulks BEKTKAt'x, 1)orn, it is stated, in 1773, but perhaps iater,
married November 1, 1798, Mary Robinson. Childreri ;
i. William, b. March ;$, 180t«, m. Feb. 2(), 1824, Mary Hardwick : Ch. :
1, .lohn Henry, b. Mar. 10, 1825, m. Hannah Chute; 2, Emmeline
Elizabeth, b. Sept. 20, 1827, m. Ambrose Moore ; 3, Mary ,Iane,
b. Aug. 28, 18;$0, m. ; 4, Jud.son Adoniram, b. Aug. 22, 1833,
d. unm.
ii. Charles, b. June 5, 1801, m. Jan. 12, 1826, Sarah Dunn: Ch. :
I, Mary Jane, b. Nov. 23, 1820, m. Aaron Young ; 2, Charles
Wesley, b. May 2;$, 1828, m. (Ist) Charlotte Robinson, (2nd>
Abigail Burgess ; 3, Sarah Ann, b. 1831, ni, William Ker Hender-
son ; 4, William Henry, b. 18;$;$, unm. ; 5, Isabel, b. 1835,
m. (leorge Romans; (J, Mezelva, b. 18;$7, unm.; 7, Priscillii,
b. 18;'!», m. George Lynam ; 8, Almira. b. 1840, m. William E.
Foster ; 9, Celenia, b 1841, d. unm. ; 10, Ani.'nda, b. 184;$,
m. .John McKeown ; 11, George E., b. 1845, m. Jissie Quinton :
12, Celia, b. 18.50. d. unm. ; 13, Sarah Ann, b. 18.34.
iii. Ann, b. March 23, 180;$, m. Samuel Wheelock.
iv. James, b. Sept. 18, 1804. m. 1829, Parnie Wlieelock: Ch. : I, Letitia
Salome, b. 18;$0, m. .James Hutchinson ; 2, Harriet Ann, b. 1832,
m. Isaac Newcomb ; 3, Helen, b. 1833, m. Harding .Spinney ;
4, Parnie, b. 18.34, m. Caleb Spiimey ; 5, Samuel, b. 18;$5, m. Sarah
Ann Banks ; (J, Ezekiel, b. 18;$7, ni. Louisa Nichols ; 7, Lucinda
Jane, m. Charles Nichols ; 8, .Tames Maynard, m. Desiah Smith ;
9, Emily Jane, m. Ansley Banks ; 10, Laleah, m. William Shaw ;
II, William Burton, m. Mary Jane Allison.
V. Robert, b. Sept. 18, 1804 (twin), m. Olivia Wheelock : Ch. :
1, Lucinda, m. .Tohn Pjvtterson ; 2, Harvey, m. Francos Morton ;
3, James Henry, m. Susan Palmer ; 4, Albert, m. Harriet
Spinney ; o, Rol)ert Dickie, m. Sarah Hutchinson ; (>. Adoniram
Jud.son, m. ; 7, .Joseph, m. (1st) Eliza Rico, (2nd) — Thomas', ne'e
Parker.
vi. Edward, b. Aug. 7, 1807, m. 18;$7, Mercy Whitman, niece of his
uncle Edward's wife : Ch. : 1, Albert, m. Mary LoCain ; 2, David,
ni. Maggie Shaw ; 3, Maria, m. Benjamin B. Hardwick ; 4, Edward,
m. Mary Croker ; 5, Laleah, m. Marchant Rockwell; (!, Ada,
m. David W. Corning.
vii. John Henry, b. March 9, 1809, ni. Sarah Neily : Ch. : 1, Obadiah,
m. Lydia Eliza Harris ; 2, Albert, ni. Ella G. Wheelock ;
3, Sophronia, m. .Tames E. Oakes ; 4, Fitch, m. ; 5, Edwin,
m. Ella Bent : fi. Sophia, m. Melton Nichols ; 7, Annie, d. unm. ;
8, Burton, d. unm.
viii. Mary, b. Oct. 5. 1812, m. Thomas Baker.
ix. Harriet, m. — Jones.
31
482 ItlSllOl' — UOGART.
Bisiioi'. Pktku liisHOP, of Connecticut, was a grantee in the townshij)
of Horton in 17")!). One of his Rons, the late Deacon William Bishoj),
removed to this county late in the cfuitury. Nothing is ascc^rtaincvl of
the immigrant ancestor, hut Peter is su{)i)o8e(l to have been his grand-
father. (Probably the American line extends back a generation or two
more, — Eu.) William married 1785, Elizabeth Copps. Children :
i. Daniel, h, 17H0, ni. Lucy Stevens, mr Kinney.
ii. Simuiel, b. 1788, in., 180!), Eliwiboth Hutchinson: Ch. : 1, Winck-
worth, b. 1810, m. (in United States) ; 2, Eunice Ann. b. 1812,
ni. Charles Anderson ; ,'5, Rebecca, b. 18ir>, in. Robert Starratt ;
4, Major Chipinan, b. 1820, ni. 18,t1, FninccH II. Farrington ;
5, Harriett, in. Robeit (iraves; <!, Kli/.a, in. .lames Bennett;
7, Emnieline, in. Miner C. Reals ; 8, Hannali Thorne, d. unin. ;
!). Mary VVo()dl)ury, n». Greene Tingley.
iii. VVilliain, b. 17!)0, ni. Rebecca Morse : Ch.: 1, Edward, in. —
Collins; 2, William Henry, in. Martha .lane Dmgin ; .'!, Elizabeth,
m. Charles Woodbury ; 4, Charlotte, m. Ingrahani Fitch,
iv. Shoriiian, i). 17!)2, d. unni.
V. (Jeorge, b. 17!)4, in. 1817, Diadama Longley : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann,
b. 1818, in. Siiinuul Fitzrandolph ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1821, d. unin. ;
.'i, Samuel Chipinan, b. 18215, in. Mary Rol)ins()n ; 4, Susan Mel-
vina, b. 182."), in. Asa Tapper Morse ; 5, William, b. 1828, ni.
Mary Ann Morse ; 0, Lavinia, b. 18150 ; 7, Harriet Adelaide, b.
1832, ni. Benjamin Prince ; 8, Dorcas Amelia, b. 18.'54, m. .lames
B. Neily ; !>, Henrietta b, 183(5, m. ; 10, (ieorge Ingram, b. 183<5, in.
Amanda Chipinan ; 11, Lucy Caroline, b. 1841, m. Burton Neily.
vi. Elias, b. 17!)7, m. 1821, Lovicia Longley: Ch. : 1, Isaac I .jiigley,
b. 1821, m. Mary Ann Spinney ; 2, Diadam, m. Thomas (jhittick;
.'^, Selina, in. William PaMerson ; 4, Israel, m. Harriet Pineo nee
Clark (no issue) ; o, (ieorge, in. Margaret Snnth ; (i, .lulin, m.
Eunice Parker ; 7, Annie, in. Thomas Welton ; 8, Adelaide, d.
iinm. ; !), Mary E ; 10, David, ni. .lane (iraves; 11, William
Edgar, m. Isabella Spurr.
vii. Thomas, b. 17!)!), in., 1823, Ann Fitzrandolph : Ch. : 1, Eliza Jane,
b. 182(5, m. Edward Schafner ; 2, Randolph, b. 1828.
viii. Mary Ann, b. 180(5, iii. (1st) Israel Longley, (2nd) Manning Morse,
ix. Eliza, b. 1808, m. Major Chipinan, J. P.
BooAKT. The immigrant ancestor of this family was among the best
of the good old Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York). Early
in the .seventeenth century one of the fanuly appears among the founders
of Albany, now the capital of that great State. Cornklius and Thunis
BoGART, relatives — perhaps first cousins —came to this county among the
Loyalists, and settled in Lower Granville.
CoKNELius BoGAUT, had children :
i. Luke, b. in New York, m. 17!^0, Eva Holms, b. in New York.:
Ch.: 1, Margaret, b. 17!)2, m. CJeorgo Worster ; 2, Cornelius, b.
17!)4, m. Hannah .lohnston ; 3, Samuel Helms, b. 1797, m.
Margaret Johnston ; 4, Ai)raham, b. 1799, m. (1st) Alice
Brown, (2nd) 1814, Rachel Bent ; 5, John, b. 1803, m. (Ist)
Sarah Emmeline Quisley, (2nd) Matilda Vroom ; (5, Eleanor, b.
BOGAHT — IJOWLHY. 48.'}
1801, in. Miirtiii Olivor ; 7, Lsmic, b. I80(i, rii. AUliinta Ciosciii) ;
8, Hiinitio NuIhoii, h. 1807, m. Lucy Croscup ; !), Jficob, b, 180!),
III.; 10, Mfirnaret .Irtiio, b. 1811, ni. (iooiKo CroHcup; 11, Georgo,
b. 18i;{, d. iHKi.
ii. Abnihiiiii, in. (1st) 1810, Alice Brown, (2nd) 1814, Riichul liuiit :
Ch. : 1, ConioliuH, b. IHll, in. 18:5.-), Alioo Bont ; 2, Alice, b.
18i;{, d. 18l!t; (by 2iid wife): .'i, Siiniuel, b. 1814, d. 181!t ;
4, .I'lhii, b. 181»J, 111. .Mary Ann Diirljiiid ; ;">, Alary, b. 1817, in.
Daniel Boliaker ; (i, Conicliu.s, b. 1819, in. (icurgo Schafnur ;
7, I'liebe, b. 18:il, in. Solonidii P'arnsworth ; 8, Charles William,
b. 1822, d. 1825 ; !), Charles, !>. 1825, in. Cassil- Slcm ; 10, Mar-
garet, b. 1827, d. unin.; 11, William Henry, b. 1830, d. luiin.
TiiUNis |]o(iAitT, 1). 1750, in. 1778 : Cliildion :
i. AVjrahain, b, I77H, d. uiim.
ii. Isaac, b. 17H0, d. uiim.
iii. .Jacoi), b. 1782, in. Elizabeth Hart: Cb.: 1, Matilda, in. Rf)boit
Wylic, a native of Inverneashire, Scotland ; 2, Mary, ni. Zebediah
Croscup ; 3, Tlioiiiiis Hart, d. uniii.; 4, Henrietta, in. J. Bonihardt
Caliiek.
iv. Thunis, b. 1785, in. (1st) Mary Ann Anderson, (2ud) Mary LamViert-
.soii : Cli.: 1, Thunis, in. (ieorgina McCormick.
V. Katrina, m. Edward Thoriio.
vi. Miry, m. (lat,) John Liinburtson, (2nd) Elias Quureau.
BowLBY. The father of Richakd Bowluv, the progenitor of tliis family,
was born in Ijanoashire, England, and came to America in 1700, and after-
wards married and settled in New Jersey. In an obituary notice; a few
years since, of his grand.son, Adam Bowlhy, of Ontario (wliose son, Ward
Hamilton Bowlliy, M.A., LL. H., is County Crown Attorney of Waterloo
County, C)ntf rio), it was stated that his ancestor was one of tlie twtilve
associi'ted with Penn in tlie charter or afhninistration of tlie government
of Pennsylvania. I cannot exjilain that statement. Ricliard Bovvlby
came liere, a Loyalist, from New Jersey with his wife and family in
178.'5, and settled about two miles east of Lawrencetown on land lately
owned by Charles Elliott, where lie died at the age of ninety-nine years
and ten months. His eldest son, after Ids marriage, settled on Gates'
Mountain. The wife of the Adjutant-General of the Dominion, at
Ottawa, is a descendant of Richard Bowlliy, being a daugl-.*^^(!r of his
grandson Adam, and so, but in a female line, is the widow of the author,
and other descendants are among the people of note in Ontario, New
Brunswick, Micliigan, and elsewliere. A brother settled in Shelburne
County. His wife was Mary Drake ; and children :
i. Richard, jun., in. 178f>, Elizabetli, dau. of Adam Hawkesworth and
Elizabeth Wed«ewood, both mitivea of Yorkshire : Ch.: 1, .losiah,
b. 1787, d. 180;{, num. ; 2, Mary, b. 17:'0, d. 1803, uniii. ;
3, Richard, b. 17!):^, in. Leah Elliott ; 4, Adam, b. 17'J3,
m. — Sovoreno (in f)ntario); ft, Samuel, b. 17'.>4, ni. Rachel Gates ;
6, George, b. 1795, m. Mary Miller ; 7, Elizabeth, b, 1797, in.
484 BOWLIJY — UKINTOX — MKOWN.
Asaliel Walker Doclf^o ; 8, Sidney Smith, b. 17!>0, "i- — Sover-
eno (ill Ontario) ; !►, Sarali, 1). 1802, u\. Lawienco Pliinney ;
10, Thomas, b. 180;{, m. (1st) Ann Gates, ('Jiul) Elizabeth Downio,
(;h'd) Tiiaiikfiil I'.owlos ; 11, Mary. b. IHOfi, m. Thomas Harris;
i'J, .John \Ve(l<ie\vt)()cl, b. 1811, m. Lavinia (Jates.
ii. Georye, m. (1st) Elizabeth Ciiesley, (2nd) — : Ch. : 1, Abraham,
m. Raeliel Phinney ; 2, Jonlan, m. 1821, Eunice, dau. of
Thomas Tiipper, brother of Rev. Charles ; he d. 1828, and she
m. (2nd) Henry Baker ; 15, Martha, m. Calvin Phinney ; 4. Achsa,
m. William Chesley ; 5, George, m. Sarah DeWitt ; (i, Solomon,
m. Susan Sjiri'jgs Slocomb ; 7, Aim. m. Barnabas Phinney ;
8, Amelia, m. Thomas Kempton ; 0, Mary m. Richard Kem|)ton.
iii. Thomas, m. (in Ontario).
iv. Catharine, m. Solomon Simpson.
V. Mary. m. --- Wilson.
vi. Rachel, m. Jolly Longshore,
vii. Sarah, m. — Bray,
viii. Martha, m. — .
Brixton. John Brinton, or Bhkntox, who is said to have been a
native of the nortli of Ireland, and to have been a weaver by tradt;,
married Jemima, da"ghter oi John Clai-k, of Yorkshire. The family,
which are not numerous, are still largely located in the vicinity of his
settlement. \ great-grandson, Rev. Charles John Brenton, M.A., is a
clergyman of the English Ohurch in British Cohuv.'jia. Children :
i. John, m. (1st) 1814, Su.san Quereau, (2nd) Marv Messenger : Ch.:
1, Sarah Ann, d. 182.5 ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1310, m. (lat) Francis
Lent, (2nd) — ; 3, Charles, b. 182i», m llllen i'oung ; 4, Ellas,
b. 1825, m. Hannah Chute; 5, Joshua, b. l^2'2. m. Nancy Mes-
senger ; (J, Ethalinda, b. 1827, m. .fames Mitchell ; 7, Sarah Ann,
b. 18;U, m. John Starratt ; 8, .\nsley, b. 18;{0, m. Sarah Starratt
(no issue) ; 0, MelLssa, m. Joseph Graves.
ii. Charles, m. 1817, Charity Quereau: Ch. : 1, Francis, b. 182.3, m.
Sarah Ann Chute ; 2, Sarah Pilizabeth, b. 1817, m. (Ist) Francis
Lent ; ;}, Judith Ann, b. 1820, m. Joseph Corbitt ; 4, Charles H.,
b. 1820, m. Elizabeth Chute.
iii. Ellen, m. Beverley Robinson Beardsley.
Brown. Thom.vs Brown was .. native of England, probably of York-
shire, who came over not long after the arrival of the Massachusetts
settlers, for in 1767 he married Mary, daughter of Peter Starratt, tlien
living in Granville. Soon after this he became owner of a farm a little
to the eastward of Bridgetown. He had children :
i. John, m. 1800, Mary Farnsworth : Ch. : 1, John, b. 1801, d. unm. ;
2, Mary, b. 1802, d. 1820, umn. ; 3, Charles, b. 1803, d. 18;{0,
unm. ; 4, Lucy, b. 1805, m. Timothy Strong ; 5, Frances, b. 1807,
m. Isaac Marshall ; 6, Sarah Ann, b. 1809, m. Thomas Brown ;
7, Abigail, b. 1812, ni. James Cornwell ; 8, Ansley, b. 1814,
m. (1st) Mary Morse, (2nd) Ann Manning ; 9, Louisa, b. 1810,
in. (Ist) George Crowe. (2nd) Eliakim Tupper ; 10, Manning,,
b. 1818, m. Mary Ann Foster.
BROWN— CALNEK. 485
ii. George, ni. 17!)6, Ann Clark : Ch. : 1, Thomas, b. 1707, m. Sarah
Ann Brown ; 2, Georjjte, b. 1801, m. Harriet (or Dorcas) Longley ;
3, Mary, 17!>8, ni. James Ilall ; 4, .losepli, b. 18UH, m. Ellen
(iate8(clau. Jos.) ; 5, William, b. IHDo, m. (1st.) Mary Cornwell,
(2nd) Mary Shaw ; <>, Seth, b. 1H07, m. Jane Snow ; 7, Ann,
b. 1808, m. .Josej)!! Rice; 8, Sophia, b. 1810, ni. Silvanus Snow;
9, Susan, b. 1814, d. 18;W, unm.; 10, Eliza, b. 1812, m. David
Harris ; 11, Loretta, b. 1815, d. unm. ; 12, Simon, b. 1819,
m. Rjichol Dill.
Calnek.* Jacob Calnkk, my grandfather, was of Jewish ancestry, and
himself a " Hebrew of Hebrews." He was born in Saxe Coburg-Gotha in
1745, and died in central Granville, 1831, at the advanced age of eighty-
si.x years. He married in 1771, at Arolsen, the capital of the dominions
of the Margrave of Anspach, llcisina Wolf, a native of Berlin, whose
grandfather, Bernhardt Wolf, was a native of Hartzfeldt, in Franconia.
His father, Jacob Bernhardt Wolf, removed to Berlin where he married
Hendel Burnett of that city, where my grandmother was born in 1753.
She died in 1822 in Granville. She was also of Jewish parentage. My
grandfather's only sister, of whom I have any knowledge, married Johan
Stiglitz, and was the grandmother of the late liaron Alexander Von
Stiglitz, of St. Petersburg, who v.as one of the millionaires of that wealthy
capital, and who died without issue, leaving !?75, 000,000, Canadian
currency, to his nephews, the llerren Herders oi that city. In 1775
Jacob Calnek, the ancestor of the Amei'ican family of Calnek, was
commissioned "Quarter Master" of the first battalion of Anspach, whose
services in the revolutionary war were emploj'ed on behalf of the Crown.
At the close of the contest, having first received the consent of the
Margrave, he determined to settle in Nova Si^otia, and having been
recommended by Sir Guy Carleton as being entitled to a grant of land,
he obtained one in Clements, in which township many of his countrymen,
who had been employed in the same service, were about to settle. He
then wrote to his wife in Berlin, from whom he had been separated for
the previous seven years, to join him here with four children then born
to them, which she lid in 1784. In the meantime her husband had
caused a log-house U be erected on his lands — those lately occupied
by Charles Jefferson, in Clements — which were situated in the wilds of
that township. On her arrival she transferred herself, children, and
such valuables as she possessed, and the}' were not few, nor of scant
worth, into the new dwelling, which had been prepared for them, and
commenced a new and, to her, a strange life. Not many months had
elapsed before an event occurred which left them in extreme poverty.
Their house and its entire contents were destroyed by fire during their
temporary absence, and the loss they sustained was the loss of everything
' This I copied verbatim from the autlior's MS. — [Ep,
486 CALNEK.
they possessed, except the clotliinjj; they stood in, and their children.
After some years of incessant struggle and deprivation they bought a
farm in Granville, and gradually became more easy in financial circum-
stances, and one of the grandsons still owns and occupies the old home-
stead. Their descendants are comparatively small in number, and are
greatly scattered. Thomas Maurice Calnek, M.J),, is a leading physician
in Costa llica, and another great-grandson is paymaster on the railways
of that State ; another is deputy manager of the Acadian coal mines in
Pictou County, and two others are settled in Manitoba. Others are
living in the island of Jamaica and in the United States, but the larger
number have homes in tlieir native county and province.
1. Jacob Calnek, b. 1745, d. 1831, m. Rosina Wolf, b. 1753, d. 1822,
Children :
i. Samuel, b. 1772, d. 1837, m. - Arundel (in Jamaica): Ch. : l(only),
Thomas, d. unm.
ii. Rachel, 1.. 177.'i, d. 1852, unm.
iii. Bernhardt, b. 1775, d. 1812, unm.
(2) iv. Maurice, b. 1777.
V. William, b. 178«5, d. 182{>, unm.
(3) vi. Jerenuah, b. 1789.
2. Maurice Calnek, b. 1777, m. 1820, Elizabeth Longmire, and
d. 1848. Children :
(4) i. John Bernhardt, b. 1821.
(5) ii. Henry, b. 1823.
iii. Mary Heater, b. 1825, m. Rev. John Moore Campbell, M.A., Rector
of Granville,
iv. Sarah Jane, b. 1827, m. John MeCormick.
3. Jeremiah Calnek, b. 1789, m. 1821, Anne Marshall, and d. 1880.
Children :
(6) i. William Arthur, b. 1822.
ii. Robert Wolf, b. 1823, d. unm.
iii. Rosina Wolf, b. 1825, iii. Rev. Henry Harris Hamilton,
iv. Benjamin Marshall, b. 1827.
V. Ann Maria, b. 1828, unm.
vi. Alfred Augustus, b. 1829, d. unm.
vil. Edward George, b. 1831, m. Mary Edna Colby.
4. John Bernhardt Calnek, b. 1821, m. 1850, Henrietta Bogart,.
d. 1896. Children :
i. Thomas Maurice, M.D., unm.
ii. Gilbert, m. Blanche Willett (no issue),
iii. .Julia, m. William Young,
iv. Rosina Wolf, unm.
v. Agnes, m. Alfred William Randall, a native of Antigonish. (See
Randall.)
vi. Matilda Wylie, unm.
CALNEK — CMAKLTON. 4«7
5. IIknhy Calnrk, b. \8'2'.i, m. Annie Eaton : still living. Children :
i. Jiiec.b, m. 1887, Mary Bohaker : Ch. : 1, Hulda M., b. 1888, d.
1SJ»0 ; 2, Annie Atalanta.
ii. Liiurii, ni. Rev. Alton Bent, Rector of Pugwash.
iii. Eiuina, uniii.
G. William Arthuk Calxkk, b. 1822, m. 1851, Armanilla, daughter
of Lawrence Phinney, d. 1892. Children :
i. Bertha, b. 1852, ni. VVilliiiin West,
ii. Ernest R<)l)ert 'Volf, b. IHo.'J, unin.
iii. Mary Ciimpboll, d. luini.
iv. Frederic Hamilton Stij,'Htz, ni. 1887, Margaret Sini|)8on.
V. Mary Bowlby VVudgowood, d. nnui.
vi. Carl Casper .Jacob, ni. 1885, Elizabeth McBride : Ch. : 1, William
Arthur, b. 1886 ; 2, Edith Elizabeth, b. 1888. He resides in
Winnipeg,
vii. Sarah DeWolfe, m. 1890, William F. Farmer,
viii. Bessie Blair, unm.
ix. Edith Victoria, unm.
Charlton. John Charlton came from Newcastle on-Tyne, England,
to this county about the same time as the Massachusetts settlers, and
obtained a grant of land in western Wilmot. In 1765 he had cleared
fifty acres on lots Nos. 26 and 27, and had a stock of twenty-five head of
horned cattle. He built the first saw-iuill in that section of the county,
for which he obtained a bounty offered by the Government in 1786. It
was situated about midway between the old post road and the present
Brooklyn roiid, on the stre.am generally known as Palmer's brook. Henry
Charlton, one of his sons, went to the upper provinces, and it is said was
ancestor of John Charlton, M.P. for North Norfolk. Henry Charlton,
b. 1723, d. 1816, m. 1762, Mary Crane, b. 1739, d. 1815. Children :
i. Experience, b. 1762, d. 1851, m. Simon Dolong.
ii. Aaron, b. 1765, d. 1838, m. Grace Dumi : Ch.: 1, Elizabeth, b.
171W, m. .Jonathan Woodbury (son of Foster) ; 2, Letitia, b. 1795,
m. Isaac Dodge ; 3, Henry Dunn, b. 1797, m. Amy Nichols ; 4,
Sarah, b. 1799, m. Mark Simpson ; 5, Mary, b. 1801, ni. Edwaid
Thome Young ; 6, Edward, b. 18o5, d. unm.
iii. Mary, b. 1767, d. 1843, m. Charles Worthylake.
iv. James, b. 1768, d. 1846, m. 1784, Sarah Simpson : Ch. : 1, Mary,
b. 1785, m. Henry Grant ; 2, Henry, b. 1788, m. Catharine
Gardner ; 3, James, b. 1790, m. Rachel Graves ; 4, Silas Crane,
b. 1793, m. Ann Graves ; 5, Elizabeth, b. 1795, d. unm. ; 6,
Charlotte, b. 1797, m. (Ist) — Dunn, (2nd) Benjamin Sabin (the
father of Charlton Sabean, J. P., long Custos of the District of
Clare, Digby Co.); 7, William, b. 1799, m. Lydia Marshall ; 8,
Harris, b. 1802, d. 1805 ; 9, Thomas, b. 1804, m. Ann Katherns ;
10, Sarah, b. 1807, m. (Ist) Cornelius Brooks, (2nd) Peter
Mosher.
V. Henry, b. 1770, m. — . Removed to one of the upper provinces.
4S.S ("HAULTON — CIIKSLEY.
vi. Cliiirlotte, b. 177!J, J. 1871, m. Andrew Beala.
vii. lsiil)olla, 1). 177>">, il. 1850, in. Henry Grant, of Weymouth,
viii. ll«)l)iTt, 1). 1778, d. 1874, ni. 180(), Elizabeth Starratt : Ch. : 1 (only),
Tlierosa, ni. Wheelock Chipnian.
CuESLEY. 1, Piiii.M' CiiKSLKY, tho iinniif,'niMt iinct'stor of tliis family,
wan probably from the vicinity of Dovci-, En;,'land, and was amonj; tlie
founders of the city of Dover, New Hampshire, in 1()42. Thomas,'- his
son, the first of the name born in America, was killed by Indians in 1697,
nnd Pliilip,-' another son, had two sons, Capt, Samuel' and James,' killed
in military service in 1707, probably in the attack on I'ort l?o>.i.I in that
year. Capt. Samuel iiad a son Samuel,* b. 1G9I, who also had a son
Samuel,"' b. 171.'5, and m. 17.*}3. Samuel" (■hesley, a .son of tlie latter,
joined the colonial forces raised aj^ainst Louisbur;.; in 17")8, but arriving
too late to participate actively in the siege, spent the winter of 1758-r)9 in
Halifax, and was sent in the spring to survey the lots of five hundred
acres set off to the N. E. emigrants to Granville ; took up one of them
liimself, and in 1761 married Eleanor, a daughter of Samuel Moore, who
had removed thither in 1760. He induced his brothers Joseph" and
Benjamin" to come ; and the former took a lot of five huixh-ed acres
adjoining Samuel's, but soon returned to Nhw Hampshire, selling out to
.Samuel for £20. Bux.tA.Mi.v" settled in VVilmot near the ])re.sent site of
Middleton. Samukl," an intelligent and well-read man and leading
magistrate, planted the first orchard of any importance in Wilmot, on a
farm called " Cold Spring," which he gave liis son James. Benjamin
also soon planted a large orchard on his farm, some of the trees of which
still bear fruit. Samuel," b. 17."U, d. 1818, ni. Eleanor Moore, who d.
1822. Chihlren;
i. Samuel, b. 17<).'{, m. (1st) Eunice Fellows, (2nd) Louisa Lovett :
Ch. : 1, William Smith, m. 1817, Ach.sa Bowlhy ; 2, Pliebe, m.
Robert Ansley ; 3, Samuel, m. Mary Ann Delap ; 4, Maria, m.
William Nicliol ; (by Jiid wife) ; 6, Thomas Willett, barrister,
b. 1814, m. (1st) Aiiielin Bishop (no issue), (2nd) Rachel
Clark (no issue) ; <>, Rev. Robert Ansley, b. April 10, 181(), m.
Hannah Albe ; 7, Charles Lovett, b. 181!», m. Mary Fitch ; 8,
Phebe, b. 1821. m. Edward T. Knowles ; 9, Henry Shaw, b. 1826,
m. Mary Godfrey ; 10, Phineas Lovett, b. 1827, m. Helen T.
Croscup.
ii. Molly, 1). 1764, m. Horace Thomas Clements.
iii. Betty, b. 1760, m. George Bowlby.
iv. Susamiah, b. 1769, m. Andrew Marshall.
v. Benjamin, b. 1772, d. 1804, m. Ann Dodge (dau. of Asahel), and
hadch.: 1 (only), Benjamin, b. 1804, m. Harriet Letteney.
vi. Hepzibah, b. 1773, m. Elijah Phinney.
vii. Nancy, b. 1770, d. 1800, unm.
viii. .James, b. 1779, m. 1805, Patience Hicks (dau. of Thomas): Ch.:
1, Russell, b. 180<), m. (Ist) Lydia Barnaby, (2nd) Selina Wood-
worth ; 2, Hicks, b. 1808, m. Sophia Chute ; 3, Hanson, b. 1810,
m. Eliza Woodworth ; 4, Nancy, b. 1814, m. John Rice ; 5,
CHESLKV — (MIII'MAV. 4H0
Kolturt, I), 181(1, in. Harriot MiiihIiiiH ; <i, .Miiry Iv, h. 1818, in.
(iHt) .John .ArohibiiKl, (2nil) Willimn Mursliull ; 7, Kdwind, I).
18'2U, in. Mar<rHi'ut Morse ; 8, Saniiiel ; !l, Hoiijiiinin ; 10, iliiinus
(triplots, all d.).
Bkn.famin" Chkhi-ky (brother of Samuel) was Ixirii 1736, and died 18'2.'{.
He married (1st) — Hill, (2nd) Joanna Hatch. Children :
i. Denjaiiiin, 1). 1770, d. 1771.
ii. Joseph, b. 177^5, ni., removed to T. S. : Cii.: Cliarles and others,
iii. Lucretia, b. 177o, in. (Ist) (ieorgo Miinroe, (2iid) NVilliaiii Pearce.
iv. Amy, b. 177*!, m. Henjamiii Iliimsoy.
V. Asa, b. 1777, m. Rachel Davidson: Ch.: 1, (Jeorgo Kdwaril, h.
1820, m. (Ist) — Fowler, (2nd) Charlotte Malcom, m'e Marshall ;
2, Eunice Amelia, h. 1821, d. uniii.; .'$. Amy Lucretia, h. 1821!, m.
tlohn Ansley ; 4, Alexina, b. 1820, d. unm. ; o, Charlotte Hill, b.
1828. in. Elizabeth Landers.
IJy second wife :
vi. John, h. 177!l, m. Lucretia Longley : Cli. : 1, John Nelson, b.
1805, m. Elizabeth Young ; 2. William Ambrose, b. 1807, m.
(1st) Waite Kanford, (2nd) Mary Ann Alger ; H, Martha Eliza, b.
180!t, in. Allan Morse ; 4, Henjamin, b. 1812, m. Elizabeth
Leonard ; .'>, Diadaina Ann, b. 1814, in. Noble H. Beckwith ;
0. Phebo Lovicia, b. 1817, m. John Huston ; 7, Hcthia, b. 1820,
unm.
vii. Paul, '). 1781. in. Ann McKenzie : Ch.: 1, Ichabod. h. 1816, d.
iinm. ; 2, William, 1>. 1817, d. unm. ; .'{, Mary Ann, l>. 1819 ;
4, Eleanor, b. 1820 ; .'>, Susan, d. unm.
viii. Joanna, b. 1784, m. Joseph Stirck.
ix. Sarah, d. unm.
X. Elizabeth, b. 178!t, in. William Elliott.
xi. Rachel, b. 1792, m Henry Robinson. M.D.
xii. Samuel, b. 17'.)4, in. Rebecca Durlaiul : Ch. : 1, Phitibe, b. 1824,
111. Edward Palmer ; 2, Caroline, b. 182.T. m. Jo.seph Palmer ;
;{, William H., b. 1H27, m. Adclia Wliitman ; 4, Eliza, b. 1828,
111. Avard Vroom ; .">, Havilah, b. IH'M, m. Parkijr ; 0, Joanna, b.
18,'}.'{, m. Ingram Reals ; 7, • — , m. Sampson Reals,
xiii. I'atience, b. 1707, iii. John Pearce.
xiv. Ichabod, b. 1800, d. 1811.
Ciiii'MAX. (The name was no doubt ori,!j;inally a place-name from
<Jliippenliam, by a not uncommon inversion in the development of names.
— Ed.) John Ciiipman, of Dorsetshire, England, came to Plymouth
Colony in 1631 in the same ship that brought Endicott. He married
(1st) Hope, daughter of the celebrated Pilgrim, John Howland, a pas-
senger in the Mayftoiver ; (2nd) Ruth, daughter of William Sargent and
widow of Jonathan Winslow and of Rev. Richard Rourne. He had
eleven children, descendants of whom in prominent positions have been
domiciled in nearly every State of the Union and Province of the
Dominion, and in some of the West India Islands. Hi.s tenth child,
John,- b. March 3, 1669-70, m. (1st) Mary, dau. of Stephen Skiff", (2nd)
Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Handley, a native of London. (3rd) Hannah
Hoxie. The eleventh child of John Chipman was by his second wife,
41)0 CHI I'M AN.
and iiumnd HANiit.KY,' 1). August .'U, 1717, in. (Ist) April 'Jl, 171U,.
Jcun, diiu. of Col. iloiin mid Miirgiu'et Allrn, of Miiithiis Vineyard, ilu
came to Cornwaliis, N.S., 1701. He ni. CJnd) Dticembor 14, 177'),
Nancy, dau. of .Steplicn and I'ili/altt'tli (Claike) I'ost. He tilled the
otlices of Justice of the Peace and .Ju(l;,'eof Prol)ate. He died .May 27,
17'.t!), leavin;; .some MS. conunents on the New Testament, and other
interesting,' literary relics. (See p. 1H7.) Children :
i. Elizabeth, h. Fob. 1!», 1741. in. Williani Doxter, of Cranston, R.I.
ii. John, I). July '21, 1742, d. in infancy.
iii. Margaret, 1). ,luly 17, 174;i, in. Ilichard liacon, T'rovidoncc, 11. 1.
iv. .John, 1). Dec. IK. 1744, in. 17*>4, Kiiiiico Dixi>ii and had lo cli.— 8
sons and 7 (laughters ; lived in C'urnwallia, was Custos of the
County, d. lH:i(i, a. tH.
V. t.'atherine, h. Nov. 11, 174(), in. ,Fohn IJeckwith, jun.
vi. Handley, 1). Oct. !», I74H, d. in Nov.
vii. HobcL'cn, b. Nov. 8, 1750, in. Sitinuol Heck with,
viii. Anthony, b. 1754 ; was a soklier in Aiiuiricaii .\riny.
ix. Rev. Thomas Handley, b Jan. 17, 175(>, in. (Ist) Mary. dau. of
John Huston, of Cornwallis. ("Jixl) l7H(i, .lane Harding, of Rostoii,
(;{rd) 1820, Mrs. Mary Hriggs, Portland Mc. (4th) Mary Dunn.
He came to Anna|iolis County about 17!*ll, settled on the farm
owned more recently l)y Calvin Corbett, and in 18(»7 removed to a
lot in Nictaux. on which a grandson now or lately lived. He d.
Oct. 11, 18:{(). Ch. : 1, Jane, b. Oct. 'JO. 1777, m. Nov., 1798,
John M. Morse ; 2, Margaret, b. Sept 8, 177'.*, in. (Jeorge Troop ;
3, John H.. b. June 12, 1781, m. (Ist) March, 1801, Hojiestead
Barnaby. (2nd) .\nn Prince, iire Johnston ; 4, Ann, b. Aug. (i,
1784, m. Daniel Lovett ; (by 2nd wife) : 5, Helen, m. William D.
Randall ; *>, Mary, m. (ieorge Fitch ; 7, Thomas H.. d. num.;
8, Samuel Lord, b. 180;{, m. (1st) Oct. 25, 1827, Mercy Fit/.-
randolph.( 2nd) Ann Tomlinson ikV Schafner ; 0, .lo.seph Whee-
lock, in. Jan. 25, 1824, Theresa, dau. of Robert Charlton ; 10,
..Eli/a, m. John Quirk.
By second wife :
X. William Allen, b. Nov. 8, 1757, d. aged about 85, m. Nov. 20, 1777,
Ann, dau. of Samuel Osborne : Ch.: 1, Rebecca, h. June 28, 177i*,
m. April 28, 17!»5, John Barnaby ; 2, Rev. William, b. Nov. 20,
1781, m. (Ist) Feb. 24, 1803, Mary McCowan Dickey, (2nd) Eliza
A., dau. of his uncle Thomas Holmes Chipman, and had 21 ch.,
one of the eldest, the late W. H. Chijanan. M.P, and the youngest.
His Honor Ji'doe Chipman, of Kontville ; ;{, Handley, b. July
25, 1784, m. (Ist) Oct. 4. 180!». Polly Burbidge, (2nd) Juno
19, 1815, Annie Hoyt ; 4. Sarah, b. Aug. 10, 1788, m. Sept. 3,
1805, James R., son of Phineas Lovett ; 5, Hon. Samuel, b. Oct.
18, 1790. d. Nov. 10, 1801, in. (1st) May It!, 1815, Elizabeth
Cesner, (2nd), tJessie Hardie ; (i, Anna, b. Dec. 10, 1795, m.
Thomas, son of Phineas Lovett.
xi. Nancy, b. Oct. 6, 1772, m. May 27, 1793, Capt. Abner Morse.
xii. Thomas Holmes, b. (in N. S.) .Ian. 17, 1777, m. Nov. 10, 1798,
Elizabeth, dau. of Israel Andrews: Ch.: 1. Handley; 2, Israel,
l)oth b. 1799, d. same year ; 3, Wm. Handley, b. Feb. 10. 1801,
lived at Bridgetown ; m. (1st) Elizabeth, dau. of Joseph Troop ;
(2nd) Lorena, dau. of .Jonathan Woodbury ; 4, James Andrews, b.
Dec. 20, 1802, d. 1823 ; 5, Wentworth Allen, b. Nov. 10, 1804. m.
June 23, 1831, Mary Jane Troop ; 0, Eliza A., b. July 3, 1807, m.
Rev. William Chipman ; 7, Noble, b. Feb. 1810, d. young ; 8, Johni
XV.
CHIPMAN — CIU'TK. 491
A., li. Miiy IH, IHl'J, ni. Feb. 'J5. IH.'UJ, Kli/,iiJ)oth, tlmi. i.f Alphoim
Harris ; !», /ncliurinli, I.. April IH, IK14, lived nt St. Stoplion.
N.M., fiithiT of Lii.ly Tilloy. -JikI wifo ..f Sir S. I.. Tillov ; 10,
S.iriili .M., 1.. April •_"_'. iHltl, d. M,iy ; ||, Hurriut, I.. Aii^. 1!>; IHIH.
xiii. Zutliiuinh, I). .M.ircli •_'(), 177'.t, m. N"V. L'1», 1H<KI. Al)ij{Hil. iliiu. of
•liimnH mid Miiry (Ddd^K) Urowii, Wuiiluun, Muhs., widow of
JoHoph Sliiiw, V'liniiciiitli ; livod in Yiirniouth, d. .Inly, I, iHtlO ;
Ch.: 1, Hethiii. h. Dot-. 10, IHOI. m. Sept. 11, IH2H, John ('.
VVilHoii, of NViliuot : '-'. TIioiim» Dine, 1.. July 27, IHO.'t. in. Miiry
Alice, dun. .'f Kev. Iliiiris Hurdini,', jjnindf. of Lkwis Cmii'M.vn,
Hiuri«ter. Y.innoutli ; li, llev. Ilolino.s, h. Dtic. 10, 1H04, in.
Jim., 1H27, Eli/.ii, dun. of Ale.\indt!r Miiyne ; 4, Al)iguil, It.
May ."1, IWMi, in. .Iim. '-'7, IHlT), .Iiicoli Flint ;' a. /iieliuriiili, 1). May
17, IHl,", d. in Oct. ; (i, N'aiiuy •lane, 1). April '2'k IMKi, m. Olied
MeKennii.
xiv. Major, 1). Doe. 4, 17H0. ni. Nov. -'.'), 1802, Klizalioth, dan. of \Vm.
Kisliop, lived near {.■awroncetown, Ciiston, etc., d. March 28,
1K71 : (Ml.: 1. Sami ki, 15. (M.l'.R). h. Aii^. 2, 180;{, m. Lovicia
Marshall ; 2, Nancy, b. Miirch 2, 1805, d. yoiiii),' ; U, F.dward, h.
Nov. 2, 1807. d. youiif,' ; 4, Lavinia, I). Fob. 2, IHll, m. William
Ml irse.
Sto])hen, I). Juno 2!». 1784, in. (Ist) March 24, 1804, Nancy Tupper,
(2iid) 1847, Jane Tupper, of St. John, N.I'..: Ch.: 1, Miner
Tuppor, h. Doc. 0, 18()r., d. Nov. 2, 182(; ; 2. Maria, 1). Fob. 15,
1807. d. Au«. II. 1824 ; a, Mfred, b. Aug. !», 1H0<>, d. 18;il, unni.;
(by 2nd wifo) : 4, Nancy Maria, b. July 2, 1848, in. (Ist) Rov.
Donald (lordoii, (2iid) Tlioina.s Kelly.
Tlie si.xtii ciiild of John Chipiniiii, tlio imiuif;nint, was .Samuel,'-' b.
April ir)th, 1661 ; he wiis fatlier of Hev. Jolin,' h. Feb. 16, 161)1. The
Rev. Jolin was father of Ward ' CliipmaT), b. 17.')4, ^{raduatc of Harvard,
a Loyalist, who was father of Hon. \V.\iiU ' Chii'.max, Chief J ustice of New
Brunswick,
CiiUTK. All the numerous family of CJiute in this and the nei;,'hbor-
in<^ counties are desoended from John Chutk, who was born at Rytield,
in Rowley, IMa: s., June, 1792, and married at Timberlane, now Hamp-
stead, N. H., Judith, dan. of Renjamin and Sarah Foster, a sister of the
Isaac and Ezekiel who founded tlie Nova Scotia families of Foster. He
was great fJtr(?at-<,'randson of Lionel Chute, the noted school-teacher of the
infant town of Ipswich, who came over from Dedham, Essex County,
En<;land, in 1634, and was of a family that came over with William the
CoiKjueror. Raron Le Chute commanded a re<j;iment of Norman troops
at the battle of Hastinifs. John Chute came here in HHO and was
probably the first artificer in iron to settle in Granville. The lot lie
settled on was in recent times still occupied by the late Dimock Chute in
his lifetime. He died November, 1791. The County of Annapolis in
every section owes much to the thrift and energy of the descendants of
John Chute. Children:
i. Samuel, b. Feb. 16, 1746-7, drowned Nov. 12, 1786, m. July 11,
1768, Sarah, dan. of Nathaniel Barnes: Ch.: 1, Elizabeth, b.
Dec. 31, 1768, ni. Joseph Weare ; 2, Mary, b. Dec. 24, 1770, ni.
402 CHUTE.
Kl>one/.tr Womlwitrlh ; .'I, Ditniol, li. Oct. 7. 177'-, m. Sitruh
Woiiro ; 4, Al»rnlunn, 1). Fel>. IH, 177">, m. Mdiitiililo Koster ;
5, Williiim, h. Jiiiui '_', 1777, in. Miiry Mi»rnliiill ; ti, ShihIi, Ii.
•Inly It, 177'.h 7, S.iiiiiiol, I). Auk. ''•• •"''^' • ^- ''''•"■. ''• '>"'• ••'^.
I7H.(, 111. Kli/.;iltuth lliimlill, <1. IHi'O ; !», lUcliul, b. Due. 2!»,
\7^'>, III. SiiliiiiKiii MiirHliiill, .liinu, lHl)r>.
ii. .I.)hii, h. April 7, l7tH, ,1. May 7, I74H.
iii. Hannuli, b. Sept. ItJ, I741t, ,|, Nov. 1. I74!t.
iv. .Iiilm, 1>. A|)ril \K l7r>'J, iii. Miiry, ib»u. of C'lipl. I'mil Oockor, of
IjiiiuMibiii'K, MiiHs., iiiovud to "The 'loK^riii," iiuiir l)i);)iy, d,
MurchH, 1H41: Cli. : I, .loiiiina, b. July It, 177-', in. 17!t".», Timothy
Uronkn; 2, Crocker, h. .Inn. '_'.'!, 1774, in. I7!t7. Cyiitlim Dmlvjo,
inoveil to I.uiioiil)ui>{, MiisH. ; .t, Kliziibi'tli, I'., b. April IH, 177ti,
III. 17'*-, Kichiii'il ('IihikIIoi', from Vnrkshirt', Kiii;liiii(l ; 4, (!ci)r){e
Wiisliiii),'toii, b. .\pril, '27, I77H, iii. I7!t7, Aiimi IJnthiick. uinl
livtiil in Liiiiunbiirn, .Mhsb. ; .">, !>iUiiol .Xnstin, l>. MukIi 1(1, I7H0,
d. I7!tt»; tl, I'iml, b. I7H.», in. Aiii;. o, IH'I4, Buriiiii, <ljin. <.f Dr.
A/or Hiul (ilnriuii.'i Hotts, lived iit "'Tlio .Injigin," neur ri^by ; 7,
Miny, b. April I'.t, I7H0. in. (Ut) |H1)1, Sulomoii K.iriio.'<\vortl\, (L'lid)
Feb. 15, IHi:i, .lohii KlliH ; H, Lydiii. b. April lit, I7H.\ m. Siiinuel
Foster; !>, I'otor Proscott, b. May •_'7. I7H7, in. IHOH, Liny, dnu.
of Diivid Riiidiill, d. IH(i.-); 10, Kleiinor, b. July II, I7H!>, in.
■lames, noli of •loliii and Sarali Adain.s ; II .lolin, )». <»ct. 14, I7lt<),
III. Due. '-'r>, IHI.'t, Abii^ail, dan. of Slephun .Icmes, and lived near
"The JuKKin." I)iKl>y ; I-. I'l-'i'li Fowler, b. April 7, I7!t:i, in. 1HI4,
Hubert, H'tii of .laeiib and Mary Woodman ; I,'!, .losepli Fowler, b.
Feb. 'Jl, l7!t-">, 111. July 2.J, IMKi, Siim.iii Harris I'eliiam, lived near
Uiyby.
V. Bonjamin, b. Sept. 27, I7i>4, in. 1777, Martha, dau. of K/.ekiel and
Marv Foster: Cli.; I, Jame.'H, b. April I'.t, I77H, 111. Fob. ."1,
IH(tr, I'liebe, dau. of Thoniim Chute; L', Mary, b. May 21, I7H0,
III. .Ian. H. 1801, .Acpiila, son of .lolin and I'atience Lonjjley ;
Seth. b. .Sept. I."», I7Hl', in. Dec. Ki, 1805, Ann, dau. of Caleb
Fowler ; 4, Hannah, b. Dec. ItJ, 17^4, in. Ilandley Chute ; ."»,
lienjainin, b. .April, 14, 17^7, in. Oct. IHOM, lle])/,ibah, dau. of
JHrael and Susanna Fellows ; (1, Kzekiol, b. .(an. (1, 17'J0, in. March
II, IHlit, Lydia, dau. of Aaron Morse ; 7, .loseph, b. Dec. it,
17!tl', 111. Nov. L'it, |H:(I, Theresa, dau. of Amos Kandall ; H, Katon,
b. Aug. 25, I7!t.5, d. Sept. 22, I7!t<) ; it, Martha, b. Au>,'. 17, 17!>!t,
III. Nov. IH, I82.'{, Isaac Woodbury, jun.
vi. Thomas, b. March !■'{, 1757, m. I77H, Sybil, dau. of William and
Lydia Miirshall : Ch. : 1. Catharine, b. March I, I7it7, m. .lohn
Weare ; 2, Thomas, b. June 14, 17H0, in. (1st) Oct. :{0, 1H04, Mary,
dau. of .lohii and F^unice Troop, (2nd) Dec. 7, IHI8, .lano. tlau. of
David Shook, lived at IJear River, Annapolis County, and moved
to Malahide, Out.; .'I, I'hebe, b. .Ian. l.'l, 17H2, ni. James Chute ;
4, Susannah, b. March 12, 17H4, d. Oct., I7!>7; 5, Esther, b. Oct.
li>, 17H.5, m. .luly 7, 1H07, Rev. (Jilbert Spurr ; (!. Snrah, b. Oct.
.'50, 1787, 111. Dee. 1(5, 1811, William, sim of Isaa(, Marshall; 7.
Andrew, b. Sept. 15, 1785), in. Feb. 17, 1814, Olive, dau. of
Elea/.er Woodworth ; 8, Abel, b Oct. 5, 17!H. in. Dec. 7, 1817,
Sophia Potter, lived on Hessian Line road, a licentiate jireacher,
father of Harris Harding Chute, M.P.P. ; 0, Elizabeth, b. June
.30, 17iW, d. Dec. 22, 181.'}; l(t, Calvin, b. (Jet. 23, 17'.>5, m.
Dec. 27. 1819, Maria, dau. of .Joseph and Maria Gilliland; 11,
John, b. Sept. 25, 17i>7, m. Sept. 25, 1821, Eliza, dau. of Jo8ei>h
Potter, 2nd jiin. ; 12, Susan, h. Oct. 22, 17it!t, in. Abrani Chute ;
1.'}, Binea, b. June 23, 1801, in. Nov. 12, 182i), Louisa Jane Foster ;
14, Sophia, b. .luno 2<i, 1803, ni. Boenier Chute ; In, Hicks, l>.
Auj,'. 14, 180(i, died Aug. 18, ISOfi ; 10, James Edward, b. May 5,
1810, m. Sarah Matilda, dau. of Asa Foster.
riUTi: •i.AltK. 4!>.'l
vii. Sanili, h. Nuv. M. 17">H, in. 1777, Tlmiiiiw Hii'kM.
viii. .Iiiiiios, 1>. .Iitii. li-'. l7*>-(tlii' fir^t in (ininvilli'). ni. Isti 17H.'I, Kli/a-
liiitli, (Inn. lit .Minor iiml Anna .MciiHtt, (L'n(l).liin. 'JH, IHOl', |<;ii/.it-
liolli, iliin. (if .lolin Hiid Sylviii (lliiriiM) Wright: Cli. : I, .Miiii!!',
Ii. Dei'. •-', ITH:;. ni. Foil. i'M, 1H()7, Sdpliin, ilmi. (if Kdwiird und
LdiH .MiUiidc, kilU'd liy liKlitiiinK. Auk. I-''. 1^4'-'; 'J. .Idlm, l>.
17H."t, (I. 17!>7 ; .I. SiliiH, U. .Innu ir>, 17M7. ni. Ndv. 'J(i, IHI'J.
Miirv Kiimli, Inud iit rpiior (MiiicruK ; 4, .liauli, h. Fili., 17H!>,
d. Oct. lit. 1«I7 ; Ti, lliuidli'.v. Ii. Ihc i:!. 17!K), m. .Inn. i:t, IHI4,
Hiiniiiili, dun. nf Iti'iijimiin and .Mui'tliii Clintd, livfd itt Clinto'ri
<'(ivu (nciw lliiiii|it()n) ; ti, llidi'ii, li. I7!'-, d. Nov., 17!'7 ; 7.
htkvid Mdi-Hc, li. .Inn. I!, I7!)r>, ni. .Inn. I'O. MIH, Suruli, dan. df
Uii'liard and Kli/.iitu-tli CliandliT ; H, Ann, It. I7!''/, d- Niiim ; (liy
L'nd wifo) : !», Dniidck, li. .Ian. 17, iHd.'t, ni. S..|it. liH. IM.V),
Mini'tta .Vnii, dan. iif K/.ckinl and li^dia .\. Cluito ; lt>, Sydnny,
li. Oct, IH<»4, d. .IiniLi 17, lH2ti ; II, ("liii»td|ilier Harris, I'l. .Ian.
;i. |H()7, d. Auu. '-', IH.VI ; !'_', Anj,'UH. Ii. May 14. iHO'.t, tcaclior ill
St. LdniN, IKtIU; |;t, (ifdino, Ii. Maicii :!0, IHl".'. d. May lit,
lH'j;( ; 14, Kov. Oliod, h. Ant,'. H, IHI4. in. Mary .lane, dan. (if
CliarloH iind .lanot Cd.\ ; l.'i, C^ii-dlinu llad.isBa, li. \Iarcli 2H, IHlit,
d. April:!, IHHti ; Iti, Klizalioth Chaiidtto, b. Aug. la, IH'.'ii, d.
N(iv. L'il, lH4.'i.
ix. H.innnli, li. .Ian. -2, 17<i4, in. 17Hri, Ohadiali MorHi'.
X. SuHHii, li. Dee. 10, i7(i7. m. Foli. 5, 17^8, Anids Kandall.
IIkv. OnKi) CiiUTK, M.A., lidiii near Hridj^t'tdwii, whm a |ii<iininoiit,
alilo and luueh csti-cmcd I'.aplist cl('r;,'ymaii, and fatlu'f (if Kev. AuTlU'ii
Ch.wvi.kv Ciiu'I'i;, iuiw t\w accomplisluMl and alilc past(ir iif tlif h'irst
Baptist Cla. ell, Halifax.
The render is rtiferrcd to tlic full and very valuable genealo^^ies of this
family and its eoiiuectioiis by Mr. W. E. Chute.
Clauk. VVlLt,i,\M Cl.AliK, a liit,'lily respeetable tenant fanner of York
shire, came with his family of four children and nephew, .John Bath, iti
1774, his wife having died just before his departure from Hull. On his
arrival at Halifax he bought a lot in ({r.inville from Mr. Fletcher, the
Deputy Provost Marshal of the County. In about a year he returned to
England, and wlien he came out again, brought with him his brother
John, who, with his wife and five daughters, .settled in the eastern
suburb.s of Bridgetown, on the farm more lately known as the Joseph
Troop farm, where he died in 1782, leaving no male issue. William
Clark married (1st) 17.59, Dorothy , and (2n<l) Mary, dau. of Mrs.
James,* a widow, of Annapolis, formerly of Kilkenny, Ireland, who
married for a second husband, Robert Walker, and had children :
i. Mary, in. Andrew Walker.
ii. William, b. 1784, m. Elizabeth Oatley, and had ch. : 1, William, m.
(Ist) 18:J3, Henrietta Durland, (2nd) Mary Eaton Fellows ; 2,
* In tiio hiogniphical sketch Mr. Calnuk says ho married the daughter of a Widow
James, and that there were no children by tlie union. In the genealogy he says he
married the Widow James, and mentions several children born in Nova Scotia.
494 (;i-AKK — fdUIUTT.
Miiry, Ml. Anion I)illini, of MiKliy ; ;t, ItitOiiinl, m. Siihhii IIiirriH ;
4, .loliii, in. (1st) ,\iiii WliiliMiiii, ('Jiiil) Kiiiiii.'i 'raiiMcr ; Ti, Mli/ii-
liulli. III. IS.'ii jiiiiiin Laiii;l(!y ; li, l)iii'ollii;a, d. iiliiii. ; 7, 'I'Ii'Miiuh ;
H, iMiiiy, iiiiiii.
iii. Kicluini, 1>. IV'i'i, m. Mary Milltir (dan. nf KninciH) : Cli. : I, Mariit,
III. .laiiicH llari'iH; 2, Kli/iilxilli, in. •I<is<^|)li llai'i'JH; '.I, William,
III. Jo.'inna Diinii ; 4, itacliul, in. .lacoli Dmliru ; r*, .Nancy, in.
(/'o(i|it!r lioalH ; (1, .(i)«i?|)li. III. Maiiii .Mi>r;^Hii ; 7, .Mary, in. David
r>i'iil, ljuiii;l(iy ; H, Ricliard, in. Mary I'lli/.iilii't.li Warwick.
iv. Hai'licl, li. l7'iH, III. KraiiciH Miller (lii.s 2nd wifn).
I'.y .si-ciind wife :
V. |{i»l)(!it, li. 1777, ill N.S., III. (,'atlicriii(! I'.iiliakor : (,'ii.: I, Mary, h.
IHOI, III. |)avid Koslur ; 2, .loHopli, li. IKO.'), in. Iliiiiiiiili (iilnioro,
iii'r KaijIrHoii ; .'5, .lainoH, ii. IMOfi, d. nniii. ; J, .lanicM, h. IHOH, d.
iiniii ; r*, (.'liar'iitli', li. JHH), m, 'riiuniaH (iraiivilUi Walker; (>,
IMrliar.l, 1(. IHI'J, in. I'lJi/.aliiit.li ,\iiii SliafiKjr ; 7, CliarloH, I.. IHM,
III. I'.iirliai'H lUu:k, iii'i' hyiiit! ; H, I)aiii()l, I). IHM», in. (JMt) Kliza
Wlio(il<ii;k (dan. of SuiniMir), (tiiid) Lmiisii Mali ; it, Uohcirt-, li.
iWf), III.; 10, Radiid, I.. IHIH, in. TIioiiihh W. (JlioHliiy, g.C. ;
II, Kiliniind, It. IH'J2, III. Iroiio Walkur ; 12, liaiiiiali Kli/aliolh,
I). lH2'.i, III. Hoiiry <inioiiW(Mid.
vi. .laiiKiH, 1). I77'.>, III. Mary Mcdnitli: (;ii.: 1, .liiiium, 1). JHIH, d.
IH,",;'. ; 2, |{()l.crl„ 1). \HV.), d. IH22 ; ."., Kolilida, I). 1H22, ni. (IhI,)
licoiiiu'd MoCJurinick, (2iid) .loiiutlian 'laylnr ; 4, I'oIkii'I. Miner.
I). IH27, iliini.; 5, Kli/a .\im, !». 1824, in. Ilchcrl II. I'.alli, .1. I*. ;
<;, .\i,M'.\,U Norman, I). lH2!t, d. iKH4 ; 7, Rachfl .Adiilaido, I). IK;',;;,
III. Aimer 'rriiop.
vii. .Iiiliii, \i. i7H2, III. Mary llohiiiHrm ; Cli.: I, Ainoret,, m. Sidney
l'()(il(! ; 2, Mary, in. William fiat.eH; ;!, .Inlin, ni. LoiiiHa Hi^riy ;
4, 'raiiinr, in. .lames \'an liiiHkirk ; •"), Roliort Ralph, m. Marin
l)iii'laiid ; 0, Nancy, iii. AndriiW liCu ; 7, I'aroline, m. Alhuit
IjyoiiH ; M, Wallace, d. iinni.
viii. 'riiimiaH, h. I7H4 i'l. Mary (Irnckoi : Ch.: I, Klijiih, in. (in
Kr(^d<jri(tt,()n, N.I!.); 2, (iilhort. in. (in Yarmontli) ; .'t, Nancy;
jierliapH iillicr.s.
ix. lloiiry, 1). l7H(i, m. .Saraii RnhiiiHon : (.'li. : I, ll<!nii(!t,ta, m. Kdward
Fo.tter 'I'liorne ; 2, William Meiiry, in. (Ist^ I'riideiictt Reai,di,
(2ii<l) ('(^rellia Clinte ; ;i, N!ary Matilda, m. John Kin!< ; 4, Kdvviii
Riit.liven, m. Lydia St.eadinaii (in I'.S.A.).
X. Nancy, h. IIM, m. (iilhert. Fowler,
xi. .)<)sc|)li, 1>. I7!'l, il. iinm.
CoKlilTT. [haiaii (Joihiitt, wlioHf riiiirir! is fouiirl in tlio ccnsu.s of 1 70H,
ciitno, tradition HfiyH, from .soiik! pl/icc. " l)aek of Jtostoii," svit.li the othnr
(iiirly Mas.H!icliusel,t,H net.t.lcr.s. lli; lifid, bcsiden jxti'liiijiM otlicrs, a hoii
Amlirosn Alvaii, wlioHe iiainiMippeai'.s in t,li(i capitatjoii tax list, of I7'.)l.
yVMliHf).si'; Alvan CJoiiltilT was iiiaiiied twice; ; t,li« nanm of tlio first, \vif(i
I do not. know ; tin; H(u'ond was Mai'tha (Jlark. Ho iiad children, perhaps
besides otlifTS :
i. Ichahod, I). I7H(), "di.'d March :U), l8«l,aKod KO." Having rocoivod
HM injury to his knoc which hindered him from followinjj outdoor
|iurHiiitH, ho is said I > luivt! liijjinn teac:liiiij{ school at, the aj^e of li,
and followed that <!alliii^ until his deat.h. Me imirri<!il, IK()2,
Kli/.alietli Kairn : ('\\.: I, Amhrose Aivaii, l». .Ajiril a, IK((.'{, ni.
— I>iniii, d, l>ec. 22, lH(ir> ; 2, ISiiiiiamin IJriaii Stearns, h,
Jan. II, 181)8, d. Foh., I87!», iiiiiii.; :{, iSarah, h. March 28. 1810,
coHiurr — covKiiT. 4f)')
(1. N<iv. 17, Hiiimi yciir ; 4, VVilliiitii lltmry, li. Apr. «!, 1HI2, in.
April 7, Ih;!.'!, Knuilnvo KiiidiMi; 5, Kli/.iilitith Ann, li. iJco. L'H,
IKI4, ni. (idiirKo Ordii ; <>, Miiry Loiiiwi, I). Ajiril, 17, IHI7, rn.
.lolin r.a(!(in ; 7, .\rlliiir WrllMiKl"n, l». April liO, |HI!t, ni. Mivry
K. Iliilliinij, unil was Iimil! h Ittiulin^ Miorrliiiiil. iinil liili^ly (ihhI
rii!iHl,('r of Annap(ilin ; K, JjininH Kilwfinl, li. Apiil !'-', IK/'J, ni.
.liMHi'JH, IM47, Kli/filxilli l,(;('uiii ; !>, Ilcltm Sophiji, I.. April 4,
IH-J'i, III. .loliii l{i<;(i ; 10, ('innlino, in. .lolin Spiirr.
|{y HitciiiKJ wifi; :
ii. .lolii'i, I). I7h:1, III. Kill). H, IHI7, Marin MarHliall (ilau. of John):
Cli : I, Mary Ann, li. All^. H. IHIH, in. Iloiiry (Jilliatt; li, .loliii,
li. S(!pt. 10, IK'JO, (I. iimii. ; ;t, Kli/,a, in. .loliii Saiiiiidl VVoodworUi ;
4, iSrIina, in. Minlhiy Wood worth ; n, (.'alvin, in. hiny (Jroscnp ;
<i, Mfl'iMJ, (I. iiniii.; 7, </liai'loUi!, in. Soloinon .Mai'Hliall ; H, Maria
•Sawyor, d. niini.; !t, Mclvina, in. I'otrr Nii;k(!rHon ; 10, ,\da, in.
|{(ilii!i't MarNli.all (Kon of .SlcpluMi), of Mai'Hlialll.owii.
iii. Ari(!l, in. Margaret. FoMlor ; Hnvoriil cli.
CoVKKT. WiM.lAM CoVKKT, of a \o.ry ii'.s|H!(;tiil>l<! old New York
Dutch family, ami lirotlitM' Al)raliaiii, lioyulists, caino Imrc. in I7H.'{, and
(ii'Ht, .sat down in Wiliiiot, iiiit .soon VVilliaiii movi'd t;» (Jranvillc, and
Aliiahani to New iJriiiiswick. Tlie latti lion, .lolin Covert, and INiv.W.S.
Covert, Rector of (irand Maiiaii, N.l'i., are de.sce.ndanl.s of tin! latter.
Aliout the Kaiiie time, .John, a eonsin of these hrotlie.r.s, settled in lower
(iranville. William Covert married (!liarlott(! Mt;l>ride and had children :
i. Kdward, in. IHI',>, llo.saniia VV'ado and liad cii. : I, (Mlioriie, h. IH20.
III. Doliorali FniHtir ; 2, Charlotte, b. |M'J2, in. Alfred Yrum^ ;
:i, Kt!/,iah, l>. IH2:J, nnni ; 4, David W., I). 1824, in. Mary
Antlioiiy ; o, VVilliain, li. IKiJd, uiiiii ; ti, Kli/ahoth, h. IH'J!>, in.
iHaidh YoiiiiK ; 7, I'liuho A., h. IK.'U, in. VVilliain VVhilo ; K,
■laiiKiH, h. Ih;>4, d. (at. huh) uniii. ; i>, AuKimta, in, Rohert iliil
Y<)Uiii< ; 10, Daniel VV., ni. (Isl.) Hannah Maria , (2nd)
Mart.ha K. Ilogan.
ii. Kli/.alieMi, iinni.
iii. Ahrahiiin, in. 1H2.'{, Sai li Yonti),' (dan. of Samiiul) ; (Mi.: i, Mary
Ann, h. IH24, in. Kiioh Flowellini^ ; 2, Aniorot, h. 1825, in.
Sainnol Khtwellinn ; .">, (Joor^o A., 1). 1828, in. I'mdonce IJeiit ;
4, (!haili)H W., I). 18:!:'., in. (JHt) Woodhiiry, (2n(l) SandurH, /(«■<
; i"), iSainantha, h. 18;j(!, in. Hayard Mari^oHon.
iv. .lohii, d. niiiii.
V. Mary, in. ThoinaH Wade.
vi. .lii|ilM!t, III. Marj^aret, KiiiMinan (no iHHiio).
vii. I'hiihc, 111. Klislia Kituli.
viii. Sophia, d. iiiiiii.
ix. William, in. Mary Ann CroHliie : (Jli.; 1, .lolin, m. Ann (Jesncr ; 2,
Rohert, iiiiin.; :{, (JharlcH, in. Hannah Nnlt,er:4, Saimiel, d.
UIIIII.; 5, Amelia, niiiiii. ; «>, Kli/.al>eth, in. KiiH.sell LoiiKmire ; 7,
Kredmic!, in. Mary HeHtiir Lon^inire ; 8, ( Mnlrnilo, iiiiin.; '.(,
(/Viroline, umii.; 10, Fonwick, d. (at Hoa) iiiiiii.; II, Huriicrt,
d. num.
John Covkkt, couhIii of the prec(«lin;,', liorn in Now York, 1701, m.
Mary MuhhcLs. Cliildren :
i. Mary, d. unm.
VM't (.'uvi;it'r f'ltui'i.Kv ('iims(m:|'.
ii. Williiiiii, III. Miililiiii Sniiw ; <'li.: I, Ijiildi, in. (If') Kli/.iiliitlli
I'A'olnll., CJihI; ( Villi liii .limit 'rmiiili ; 2, .liilial li iti I)., i|. iiiitii.; .'I,
Siinili II., III. (Ill,) .litiiii'H \\'i)(i(lliiii<l, O.'iiil) Williiiiii 'I'lJKti-y ; ■(,
Miiry I']., li. iiiiiii.; i), VVilliiim llmiry, <l. iinin.; <!, tlitini^H fiilirunil;;
7, Miilild.i VVylii% il. iiniii.; r(, I liiiiiiilial, il, iiiiiii.; I», ( irorj^iiiii,
III. Myrii;-! Uimiihi'iiimIiii (no iHMiii!).
iii. I.iiko, i|. IIIIIII.
iv. .Idllll, ij. IIIIIII.
V. I'illwiiril 'riiuriin. .III. .Miiiiii |{.c)i)|) : ('li.: I. Mmy .\iiii, n. .Ii)'ii!|)li
Miiiii.ll. ; ',?. .I.iliii, III. .Ma,y Kli/.ilirt,li ( '||ii' i ' (.Li iil M/.ni) ; .'{,
I')ll/iiliiil II, .liiliii .iiiliiiNiiii ; i, I 'jii'iiliiiit, III Siuiiiir' It 'II'' . ■'),
• 'yiilliiii, III. (Ji!iiii»<! I'liitJioily ; (J, I'iiniii.'i Mli/.u, in. iCirliiiru ftiir|iitii
('liiilii; 7, I'Mw/tril VValluri!, m. ( 'iirojiiiii ( 'iimc.u|i.
('iiii|'M;v. W'ii.mam ('ihhm.kv, n. luil.ivi- ol' .Siilliijli ('(iiiniy, Kii;^'l;unl,
riiiiKi liiTi! ill l7H.'t, a wiilowi-r, vvilli nni' rjiiid, n, hhii iiImiuI. I.wi'Ivi! yi'iir.s
ol't, :iii(l .hoMIimI nil llanJi'y iMounl.aiii, wliicli wilh (ov Hoiiiit yiwti'H l,lii>.
most |iii|iiiloiis iiinl |iros|iiT(iiis Hrl I.IiuiimiiI. in Wiliiiul.. .Mr Oiopli'y,
l»Miif< II. iiii'iiiliiT lit' till! (/Iiurcli 'it' l'',ii;;laml, ulliriali-il as lay iiwidcr in
I.Im! aliHi'iii'i. lit' l.lii- ri'cl.ur, llnv. Mr. VViswall, I'ur inany yrars. Hi- wiih
aJHo I. III! llrHl, si'lioiil iniwlrr lln'ri-, liciiiK a|i|iMiiil.ci| l»y (lin Soriitl.y fur {]»'
l'r(»|iapil.i(»ii lit' till- <iiiH|ii'l. II Ih hou, John C'u'H'i.kv, Imin in 1771,
niarrifil in I7'.M, Mary, ilau^^lil.i'r of AiitliuMy MarHliail, ami ilii-il in
|K.-,K. III. hail I'liiidrcii :
i. William, I.. I7'.)l, III. lHi:t, Kli/.alM>Ui Hull : (Mi.: I, .lolm, l>. IKII,
III. ('jiariollii hiirlaiiil ; 'J, Mary, li. IKKi, m. llmiry, Hon uf
l';ii|ilial.-l. I'.unks; :t, Williain II., I.. IHIII, in. I''iml.iir ; 4,
.laliii'H, Il '^2'.^, III. .Nlai'l.iia Hall ; .S, I'liliir, i|. illliii.
ii. Mary, li. iM/i), in. .laiiiitH Howtiiit.
iii. Hitiiry Ailiin-, li. iKIt.'t, m. .Maria .Millor: (Mi.: I, Narali ; 2,
Itaiiif'iril, III. Iiui:iii<la Milimry ; ■'{, .Marin, iiniii ; 't, liiiviiiiu, in.
(IhI) Imiuii; .Milimry, ("-'ml) lliinry l'i!iiri;ii ; n, (Miarlolin, m. I'Mwanl
I'uarni.
iv. ('ittliiiriiiii, II. IHOi'i, III. (iiioiKii Miller.
V. .Iiiliii, II. IHII7, III. LoiiiHii iMilliw: (Ml.: I, .Iiiiiiuh Kilwanl, in. Hiinili
llawkimwiirtli, now Mim. .1. I''. .SaiinilciiN, l»i(.;liy; 2, Sarali
Klizalmlli, III. UoJM'rl Milliir; .'(, Mary, in. Olilliain |5owlliy(iio
iHHiiii) ; ■(, .\i|i!laiili\ III. («i>orj^<' .MomIihc ; u, .Mi-xainliu' Sluplioii,
III. Ailiilia KiM'i' (no iMhini) ; <l, .lai:oli, m. Alma liyln ; 7, Kiniia,
il. IIIIIII ; H, VViillai:!!, iii. Mary Sl.(t|ilii'im<>n ; !>, Anna, in. VVilliiiin IS.
lliiwki'HW'orlli, of I>i'.;l»y, now of Marlilnlioad.
vi. I{.i<:li(!l, l>. IKDt), III. IH.'td, Ainlinmi) (iatiiM.
vii. I'ldwaril, li. IK|;t, in KiiHan (iriivitH (Hiivural rliililriiii).
viii. Haviil, II. IHIfi, in. Amoriit .SlarraU. (Hitvoral i;liil<li'<Mi).
X. .laiiiitH, II. IHIH, III. il,.!Mi(!i:a KllioU..
CiiomMJi'. Lniiwni ( !iti».s(;ui', of (ti-riniui nxtnu.-fion, ohiik! Ih'io anion;,'
\,\\(i liOyaliHl.K of I7H.'1 with a (MHisidiMalilc. family, and Ht^l.flcd not, far from
(ioal. JKlaiid, (Jraiivillc. \lt' had hi-cii marrird in N(!W York, He had
cliildnii :
i, .Inhii, II. I77r>, in. (Ut) - KowUsr, (2nil) Ann (..MKiniiiii : (Mi.;
I, .lolm, III. Mury Hull ; 2, KMtliur, in. JfiiiiuH Kliitfiiur; .'i, MoMJaiiiin,
CIIOSCI'I' ItANIKLS. 4!)7
III. IH'J.'J, Ann llimly ; 4, I'Mwiiiil Kuwlrr, m. (-'iiMuiriiin Hliufnor ;
(liy'Jiid wifti): Ti, Siinili Ann, in. ilfmy,,: DitxtiT, M.l). ; (i, Hlnidicn
floOnm, III. Siiriili AikIi^ihuii ; 7, JdMliim, in. RolMimi Ann IlickH
(nil. 1.1. N.IV. 'J»l, l«W»),
ii. Ann, !>. 1777, in. .lolin <,»ntiniiiii.
iii. Duniid, I. I77!t, iii.(ImI) IHOH, I,uc7 llitll,(l,'n.|) Smuli On.irriui : i',U. :
I, Miuy, I). |HU!», ni. .Iom('|»Ii AniloiH.in ; 'J, Aliilitni.ii, I.. IHII,
III. Imim; Moduli ; .'t, (inoiKo, li. lH|;t, in. .Iiinn l!i»Kai'l, ; i, l,u<:y,
li. iHir., in. N«ln..ii Mo^Hit ; u, Duiiiitl, I), IHI7. (I. \H2i;V,, VVilliiim,
l> IMllt, Ml. Ihiiniuli Aninliii Si'liiifnc-r ; (hy 'Jnd wifii): 7, Siiriili
l';ii/./il.ftli, li. iHL'ii, <l. nniii. ; H, l)fini<;l, I.. IH2(i, iinin. ; !», .Sumin,
I.. IKL'!», in. IIoImiI, I'lii.i.y.
iv. (Iviiiyi^, I,. I7HI, ni. IKOil, IVIiiilliu Hull: Cli. : I, .l.wrpli VVilliiini,
l> IHI(», III. Annunillii Ki.ditilHun ; li, .IdIhi, I,, iHlii, m (ImI.) Kli/.ii
Hull, (liiMJ)
V. 1,11. IwJK, li. I7h;!, III. IH07, KliziiluiMi (!iill<in : Cli. : |, (Jd.mk..
l,iiin|iM..n, 1). IH(»K, .1. iiiini. ; '„', l.ii.lwiK /iili.i.ii/tji, 1.. IKJO (m,
iimnc) ; .'t, K/.il(i.'l ll.uiry, li. IH|:!, m. MmI) Ann H.'iil, ('2ii.|) Kli/n
Cr.niM.i; i, Wiiliiini. Ii. |H|H, in. jluiiniili (lul.t.ui ; Ti, Mmy Ann,
I). IHli'_', .1. II, nil ; (;, (;,iiuliii.i I-;., I.. IH'J'.t, III. <V|il,iiin .l.>|iu
llcMiry ItiiKiirl,
l)A,Nii;i,H. I. Aha hANli;i.,H wuh un .ni^^imil j^'nmt.M' <iC lIk- i.iwnnliip
.if Aiiiiii|):iliH, (Miming in l,||.. <!/iiiriii.i.ii;/ Midi if. He mcM.Ic.I iwar l.lic
.•ciilr.' (if tji.i l.)\vii.slii|>, ilikI liis (!.';<(-('ii(liuil,H ,s(,ill rcHi(|(! in tliat, |i.irl,i(in
(»f it.. 'I'll.! f/unily i.H .»f Mii^^'liHli .)ii;;iii, nnd l.ln- ininiiKiii.n(. anccsl.or uiih
uinoiijj; \\\i'. ciiily ;t('l,llci;i in the old cdlonifM. lie wiiM Ikii'ii I7;t;5, imij
iiiariifd Mary ISidi'r, wlio was horn IT.'tl.and died |H|(). Ilndicd |H|;(.
Cliildicn:
(U) i. Ki.lin.iin, I.. I7<ll.
(:i) ii. .i..mi|iii, ii. I7(;;{,
iii. Ihiltonili, III. Nitllmiii.'l LuiiKlity.
•1. I'liMiKAlM l>ANii-iH, liiiiii I7(i|, inaiii.'.l Aiinii l.aiif^dfy, and had
('liil(li'(Mi :
i- l.iivi, Ii. , III. April i;i, |Ki)<», Kli/iil,„|,|, VV.iodl.ri.li,'.! : Cli. :
I, <;yniM, I.. Ajilll IH, jKjO; 'J, I, ,,111.1 l''.'II..WH, I.. ,S..|.I. -JK, IHII ;
.'», .S1c|,Ih,ii, 1.. Oc'l. II, IHKi ; I, ,S;iiiin(,|, Ii. May L'.., |H|(i ; f,, .t,,||ii
I'llli-.l!,, h. .1(111. li;., IHIH
ii. Ash, III. .Nov. lit, IKI'.t, Fiviiicih Oliv.'r: (Hi : l,.litnicH, I,. Anj,'. M,
IHlil ; li, It.niiiiniin, I.. .Inly li, IHlil.
iii. K|iliiiiiin, in. Dec liu, IHliH ; Cli. : |, .i.M.niiiali, li. .Iiinn Iii, |H:tl ;
li, iHiaol Kilninn.i, li. May :tl, IK.'i.'l;.'!, Ilarriiil, Kli/.il.i'tli, h S.-i.l,.
'n, IH:ir.; .|, VVilli.iiii ll..nry, I.. Scpl,. 17, Ik;!H; f,, |'|i,.|,„ .lun.i,
l». .)iiini 2ri, iHlii; (i, .Svdn.'y ll/irriH, 1. April ;iO, iHlli; 7, Norman
Walla.:.., I.. April Iii, \K,\.
iv. .laiii.m, .1. IKliO
V. Itenjainin, in. Ann lti'ardHl.'y.<<
' I'l'iV^ ■li'iiN |{ivMiiiMi.i:v, of l'oii)/lili.'.|.Ni.!, N.Y., Ii. at .Sl.inl lord, Conn., I7.TJ,
wiinin l77H,riiiipliiiii ..I llic Loy/il AiiHTiiiiii H.^Kiin.-nl, .:oiiiiiiiiiiil.:d l.yCol. |{()v.'i'l..y
UoliiliHoli. Ill I7H:| Ii>: .•iilii.' widi liiH l.(.0lll.:lll, lo S(,. .lolin, N.H., liv'.i.l (it, Mail^irr-
vill.' iLiid KiiiKuLon, (iiid d. IMM). IIIh yoiiiiKCHl hoii, Hon. HaiUiolonmw ( I., pr.iini
nciil. in piilili.t lit.' in Ni:w ItruiiMwii li, d. iil, Toronto, 18/55. Oilier d(w;eiiil(i.nlM liavli
.'iii
idH DANIKLS — DAVIES.
vi. Joel. m. Dec. .'Jl, ISiM), Eli/.i Liinnley : Ch. : J, Busby, h. Nov. 27.
JH.'tl ; 2. Olmrloltu. b. Feb. 2H, 1H;{2 ; : , Winchester, b. .Inly 25,
lH;ir> ; 4, .\si», b. .\iig. IH, IH.'W ; T), Hennif,'ur. b. .Imio (1, 1844 ;
(>, Ahco Isiiiloni, b. Ajiril 2.'!, 1853.
vii. Pfitioiice, iii. Thoinas Moore.
viii. Small, d. Aug. 2, 1821.
■^ JosKi'H Daniels was Imum 170.'!, manicil June 1."), 1 7S(i, Mary
iitiu<fi\ey ; Children :
i. Jo.soph, b. April 18, 1788, m. Aug. 24, 18(Kt, Mercy Tufts: Ch. :
1, Simoon, b. Oct. 21, 1810; 1', I'hobo, b. .Juno U\, 18i;5 ;
:?, Hiinnah, b. Sept. ;{(), 181(i ; 4, (ieorgc, b. Sept. 2ti. 1821.
ii. Miiry, 1). .July 11), J7!U, ni. (1st) llobert Thomas, (2nd) Thomas
Callahan,
iii. Phebe, b. Oct. 2!», 17!'.'}, ni. Thomas Margesim.
iv. Asa, b. Nov. 18, i7!t5, m. Margaret Hiilsor.
V. Alpheu.s, b. Auj,'. i:i, 17!»8. ni. Oct. 5, 1821, Mary Oliver: Ch. :
1, Eliza Ann, i). Jan. 18, 182.'$ ; 2, David Oliver, b. July (J, 1825 ;
3, Can.iine Francis, b. Sept. 27. 1831.
vi. Zephaniah, b. May 27. 1801, ni. Nov. 4, 182't, Sarah Langley : Ch. :
1, William Burton, b. April 27. 1833; 2. Sarah Ann, b. Aug.
28, 183(i.
vii. Zachariah, 1 . Aug. 13, 1804, ni. Jan. Hi, 182."i. Horatia Nelson
Balaor : Jh. : 1, Wellington, b. Jan. 24, 1824 ; 2, Samuel,
b. April U, 182(1; .3, Mahala Elizabeth, b. July 0,1828; 4, Ebenezer
Rice. b. July 15. 1831; 5, John Meiiry. b. Jan. 11. 1834;
(!. Alexander C, b. July 25, 18.'ii'» ; 7, Thersey (Theresa 0. b. Mar.
22. 183!); 8, Alpheus, b. Aug. 31, 1841 ; !>, Mahala Elizabeth,
b. .April 3, 1842. (Wellington Daniels, eldest son of Zachariah,
is father of Oklanoo T. Daniki.s, Es()., Barrister-at-law,
Bridgetown. )
viii. Eli, b. April 4. 1800.
ix. Beriah Bent. b. April 8, 1808, ni. Nov. 7, 1833. Susan Langley ;
5 ch.
X. William, b. 1810.
Davies. John William Davik.s, of Wales, came to Annapolis 1749,
married in 1753, Ann -, and died in 179-1^. He left at least one son,
(iEOKCJK Davie.s, wlio married January 4, 1791, Mary, daughter of
Abraham Hpurr, and had children :
i. Mary Elizabetli . May 15, 1792, in. May 4, 1810, John George
Struve.
ii. Ann Martha, b. Dec. 1, 1793, m. March 8, 1815, Fred. LeCain. Slio
d. Nov. 30, 1819.
iii. Thomas Harris, b. Jan. 11, 1799. Rev. Thomas Harris Davies
went to St. John, left the Church of England for the Met ihj list,
was ordained, and went to ShetHeld, N.B, in 1823, and preached
on various circuits in the two provinces, including Cape Breton.
been conspicuous in that province. Col. Beverley Robinson Beardsley, probably a
son, m. Sarah Hatch, and lived at or near Port Lorno, Annapolis County, many
years: Ch.: l,John, ni.; 2, Sarah, m. Thomas Rhotlea ; .3, Samuel Camptield, ni.
Lavinia Margeson ; 4, Beverley R., jun., in. Nellie Brinton; 5, Elizaljelh, m. David
Marshall ; 6, Anna, in. Edward Moore (his 2nd wife) ; Patience, d. young. The
name still flourishes in the county. — [Ed.]
DAVIES— DAVOIK — l)E I.ANCKV — DKI.AI". 499
KIu wiia it fiikhfiil Hnd iil)lu niiiiistor. He iniki'riud Laviiiia Drew :
(III. : 1, (ioDi'i^d S.. III. Mury Ann Schmidt; 2, Miiry K., m. (1st)
(►won Cliiijiiiiuii, (2iid) VVilliiiiii Etter ; .'{, Ijiiviiii.'i Drew ; 4, Aimii
M., III. NiiluiliiH iMosluT ; 5, Sunili E., in. .loliii H. Hicks ;
(>, Thoin.'iH Williniii, runidvud to New llanipHhiru ; 7, ('lmi'li)tto N. ;
H, Edwiird .liiiiiL's ; (t. 'I'lieiuHii C. ; 10, Honriuttii A., in. Enoch
Dodf^o; II, An<;u.stii IV, in. Rev. (Icorf^e E. Tufts, Himgor, Mc. ;
12, Einiiiit S., III. Itoliurt .lolinHtoii.
iv. Williiiin llonry, t). J804.
Davoue. Col. Kkkdkkic Davouk was a prominent Hj^'un: in the social
aiuJ public lift' of the county after the arrival of the Loyalists. He mar-
ried (1st) Hetliia, dauglitof of (Jalniel Punly, ('^i»<l) Bethia .St(>rns. This
hwly was a widow, and had l>y (list husband a dauj,'liter, Marj^aret Ann,
who married SercMio V. .lones, Ks(|., of Weymouth, his second wife, and
beoaino the mother of Htern.s .Jones, Esq., of WeyiiKJUtli, and otliers.
Eli/a, a dau{.;liter by his first niairiajj;e, married 17'Jli, Luke Spenser.
Bethia Ann, his (eldest daufihter by second marriage, married January
4, 1814, John Koliertson, l"iS(|., whose daughter Charlotte married Beed
Willett, and is now living in Annapolis ; .several desc(!ndants. Kloriana,
another (hiughter, married January 29, ISIT), Anthony Vancrossen
Somersill Forbes, of H. M. 61th Regiment, father of Dr. Forbes, M.P.,
and grandfather of Judge Forbes, of Liverpool, \.S. Col. Davoue died
February 4, 1811, aged 87, and is buried in il small lot near the "mile
board," where .some of the de St. Croix family, also Huguenots, rest.
Dr Lancky.* Col. Jame.s Dk Lan'cey was Ixirn September G, 1747,
ttiid married Martha Tippett. He died May 2, 1804. Children:
i. William, b. April !), 178;{, d. July, 18«!9, m. Oct. 2, 1808, Elizabeth,
dau. of Ste|)lien De Laiicoy : (Jli. : 1, Maria Esther, b. Aug. (J,
1810; 2, Stephen James, b. Aug. 20, 1812; .'{, William Petor,
b. March 3, 1814.
ii. Maria, b. Jan. 2;{, 178«, m. 1809, William Gilbert Bailey.
iii. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 27, 1789, m. Feb. 1, 1808, Henry Goldsmith
(no is.sue).
iv. .lames, b. April, 1789, d. 1813, in Canada.
V. .John, b. .lune, 1791.
vi. Oliver, b. April 30, 179.S. Killed in battle,
vii. Susan, b. April 3, 1798, d. Sept., 1813.
viii. Stephen, b. March 27, 1800, d. without issue.
ix. Peter, b. April 24, 1802, in. Elizabeth., dau. of John and Mary
(Saunders) Starratt, and had two sons and several daughters.
X. Ann, b. .Jnne 10, 1804, m. Nov. 13, 1825, Stephen Bromley, son of
Walter Bromley, of the Royal Acadian School, Halifax.
Delap. — In \799 the ship George and Ann, Rymer master, waa
chartered to sail from Dublin to Philadelphia with 114 passengers ; the
real number on board was said to be 190. They set sail on May 29th
* See niemoirH of Stephen and James De Lancey, ;■•- 339.
r)00 |)i;i,AI'— l»K ST. CIMUX.
[)n»viHi((inMl for l.wo rnonllis, Imt, th« voyii^^c^ wiw |)i()lon;,'f'(l to i.ir) (|ii}'h,
(luring wliicli inort! tliiiti half died of privation and diN('as(t. Tint Hiiiviv-
inj; jiaHHcn^jfTH HUHpcdtin^' a dcHi;,'ii of (lit^ captain to conipaHH tlmir
destruction in order to po.sstiHS himself of ihcir money and eire<'ts, ovfM"-
■powored him and deinanderl that Ik land them at. the nearest place,
whi(;h proved to he Monotony Point., near Kastham, Mass. TIk! <'aptair>
proceeded with his ship to I'hiladelphia, where he \\u^. prosecuted for
his misconduct, convicted and exi-cuted. A pasMeii;,'er named |)elap,
from C'avan, Ireland, with wiftt and four' daii^^htcrs, all died, the mother
nob till after the landin;{, leavin;,' on<^ son, .Iamkn, a;;ed II. Il(^ learned
th(! trad<^ of a iilacksmitli, and marrii^d Mary, dan^ht<M' of I'enjamin
O'Kelly, at Yarmouth, Mass., .lunit li'J, 17.")?^. She was hoi'n Aprd H,
1720. They MvimI at Jlarnstahle, Mass., over thirty ye.us, iind iherr
iiiov(mI to (Jranvitle in th(^ spiinj^ ftf 1775, jiiohahly as Loyalist. refu;,'e(^s.
lie died there in 17H7, ii.;{ed ~'2. Their' children were:
i. KoHe, h. I7'>!', rir. I7ri!t, I'lht^rrc/er ScmidiT.
ii. Ahi^ail, \>. 17'tl, ni. I7<)4, •lolin ('ulerMiirr.
iri. < 'iilhur'iriu, li. I7'l't, rri. AriiDHOiis, r>itrnstiililt!.
iv. TlniriiiiH, It. I7'tr>, (lieil in Hiripwr'uck on Niintiicket, Ou<:. <i, 1771.
v. Miiry, h. 1747, rir. Setlr IJiit^kirs, of liHrriKtiilile.
vi. Siir'ali, h, I7r)l), rii. (Jiipt. .Iiiriies Cor .Iouiih) KarriHWorth, 4 cli.
vii. .Iiirj'-, i). l7r»"J, u}. 1774, .lornis FiirriMwortlr, coirHiri to tho ot
lOcli., I WHS Rev. .InrricH l)ei;ip h'.iniswortli.
viii. Iliurn.'tli, h. I7<»i>, m. Sarmrei Str'oot, or Steol, ciiptuin Hr'itJHlr Navy.
ix. Tu»'t(ioiiuice, \>. I7i">7, rrr. iJeiicon T1ih<Mouh HarriH (soir of (juhhurrH)
hveil in ('oriiwalliH, ili. IH'.VJ. 5 v]\.
X. .lames, I). I7ri'.», rri. Hst) I77*. Sarah Walker, who d. ahout iHiiH,
('Jrrd; Kli/.ahclii, dan. of Lieut . Sarnuul I'ii^kerinj^, of the .\rirer'i<:art
Army, and wid. of .loliri I'rrij^r-ee (hoii of Mohch). lied. April 17,
1841': (!li.: 1, TlioriiaH, h. alioirt I7HI), rrr. Mary Arm Lloyd and
had IK cli., who wero related to tho celohrated Wrir. Lloyd (iarri-
Hon I tlirrik couHins ; 2, JairruH. .IamI''.s lJr':r,Ar' was arr ellicient
and r()S|)i'clod riKMirhor' of tlio I'rovirrcial I'arliaineirt, rrr. (Ist)
Mar-y, darr. of Isaiah Shaw, ('Jrrd) Kli/.a, dim. of .lames Hall, i*
oh.; .1, llolittrt, rir. Ilarrriith llalKdair. of Sairruul) ; 4, Williaiir,
iir. Soplii'i, dau. of Itov. David llarriH (worr of Lihheirs) ; 5, Mary,
rrr. .larirt Hall ; (!, .Iiirre, rri. Samuel I'iitkiip ; 7. Sandi. in. WuHtori
Mall; K, llaiiiiali, in. riioiiias Hohhleo ; !*, Teriiper'ance, in. Sarriiud
Hall, jiirr.; 10, Ahr^ail, d. iHtiJ, a. 70. (The orwU-r- in whiuir
thuHuar'u irrsortud in not tho order of tho hirth of tire ch. of .lames.)
Pr: St. Ciioi.v. .To.shiia Dk St. Cnoi.v, of Ifufjrrenot extractioir, ir,
pr'oi tiKMrt Loyalist., marrit^d L<-ah (laiiliuhttte, and hir,d ohildron :
i. L'-ali, rii. Samirel Willett.
ii. Mary, iri. (Ist) Oaloh h'owlor, ('Jird) Isaac Woodhury.
iii. honjairriri, lived in I'r'inuo Kdward Islaiid.
iv. .loHliua, d. mm.
v. Potor, rri. Kupheiiiia Palrrrt^r : Ch. : I, Loair, in. Thomas Sinclair,
M.I). ; 2, .losliua, d. rmrir. ; .'(, liorrjaririir, lived in I ..S. ; 4,
p]ri|')h()irrin, m. \^<tii,u lioirnett ; 5, !'«ler Lewis, lived in l'.>S.
ItriMAKS -IXtlMIK. 601
DlTMAits. Tlic DilrniiiH family of this ((ninty urn (Icsccjidcfl from .Tdii
•liiiiscn, of Diliiiiii'Ht'ii, ill IIh! |)U(;liy of Kolstcin, Lowim- Saxony, who liiul
H >,'i'uiit of hind at Diitrh Kills, I/my Islund, Htuti! of Now York, in
Hi 17. lie fjii'd hnforr HiTiO, farly in which yt'iir his widow, Nucitiif
I)<inwi', ifmairiod, h-avinji HoiiH .John' iind hoiiwc.'op l)ow. One Dow
Ihlinars, in I7')H, h<-ld ii, commission as a lieutenant/ in a company tiiat.
Went under (iciicral AlM'icromltic t.o 'l'i(;ondcroira. AiKttJicr l)oiJ\VKor
how DiTMAKH came tr» Nova Scotia with the Loyalists of 17H.'5, and,
according' to the hest. information I can ;:'et:, was horn in 1721, and
iiiairied in 17 7. I cannot, ^.(ivc! t,he names of t.lie ancestors int.(!rvenl;ij^
lim illy hotwoii John" or Doiiwe'and him. There wiiH also a Ijoyalist
.John .1. Dilinars, wlio died here in |K2!», a;,'ed !)7. 1. DotiWK I)itma|{s,
t.he lioyalist., was, in 1777, a triisi.ee t,o |>r<)vide fuel an<l other artJt les
for till' hospital on Lon^ Island, and aft<;r^^'al'ds an ensign in the loyal
forcoH. lie had (children :
(2) i. Ihiuic, h. 174H.
ii. Doiiwo, 1). I7r»0, III. I775>, Kiilo SiuMliknr : Oh. : I, ('ntlioiliio, h.
l7Ht>, III. NicliolnH .Iui.ch; •„', l'lieh.1, 1). l7H;t; .'{, Miiry h. J7H7,
III. .lolin KiMip; 4, Shi'iiIi. I>. 171)0, .1. IKI4.
iii. .tolin, 1). I7-V2 in. 177'!, Miij^diiicn Viin<l(irl)i!t, d. IH22 : (Jh : I, Dow,
b. 1/77 ; 2. .loniiiiiiili, h. I77;>, in. Kli/iilmt.h , iind d. 1H'_M ; :«,
CiMierine, \,. 17HI, d. l"'*."., I, .(olm, 1.. 17H:», in. IHt).",, June
Vidoiii, (I, IHol ; r», /\l)ii^ail, ]>, !7H(», in. Henry Vrooiii ; (i, .lano,
1.. I7H!>, III. IHII!, LeiMina Vroom ; 7, Mu^'didoii, I). 17!»ii, <1. i7!»r» •
K, Miiry, 1). l7i»J. d. I7'.ir> ; !». Ciillieriiie, h. I7!>t<, m. ilnv. isniel
I'ottor'; 10, Miiry Miii^.laleii, 1». 17'.»H, m. Williiim I,. lUy.
2. Thaao Ditmaks, horn I 7 IH, married .lane, dan^diter of (leoi i(e Vroom,
and had children :
i. Doiiwo Ihuhc, b. 1772, m. 17!t4, Kliz.-iietli Fowler: Cli. ; I, .John
Hiiiiiy, 1). I70."», Ml. (L^n lionitia (iosiier, (2iid) .laiio K HiiriiH ;
2, .liiiK), I). 17!'7, 111. I'ctor r.oi.te ; '.'•, isiiuc 1.. I7!W, m. Kli/.dieth
Spnrr ; 4, (iilliiirt h'owlor, in. (Ist) Wnlt,li(!ii llyursoii, (Hiul) Har-
riett IJuKules (dull, of 'riioiiiiiH 11.); u, VVilliiiin.
ii. SiiKiti, Ii. 1771, 111. .ShiiiuuI I'urily.
DoiiiiK. .losiAii l)on<!i',, ancestor of the Oranville family of tlie nanus
was horn in MasHachiiscitts, ahoul 17IH, and Wii;. destend.xl from Hichard
Dodj^e, of Salem, Ui.'JH, who was Hori ot .John Dod;^!!, of Somerscit.shire,
Knj^land. .losial: Hod^e served in the ex|i(Mliti<>n aj^airist Louishurf^ in
I7.">f^, and in I7i')l> was .sent to assist, in t.hi? survey of that townshii) ;
after completiiif^ tliis service he returned to his old home, ami came hen;
in I7til with his family and the maohinery for a grist mill, which h(^
i'.rocted on ihe Phinney lir.iok, so called. Ii;) inarrind (Ifeu) Susanna
Knowlton, who died 1758, (2nd) 1700, Hannah ('oiiant.. The first grant
of the ttiwnsliip heing t-o a nuinliiw 'f proprietors 'is tenants in common
on certain condition.., was voided, and a now one inadu in severalty, and
r)()2 hoixii:,
lio wiiH a|i|iiiiiilri| til ciii'i V iiiil, I. lie |iliui ni' llii^ ( iiivt'i'iiiiii-rit, 1111(1 iilily <liH
dllir^i'd llic illlly, 'I'lli' lluiiicHtrail, to wliii'li liis son Iti'iijiiiiiili miicccciIi-iI,
wiiH iJii- lot, a pact, lit' wliirli Iiiih lin^n in (.liin ;^<'Miual inn owrn'<l and
<ii;(Mi|ii('il liy l)aviil i'liinniy, aliuiil tlitfir militM wttsl. of lirirl^ctowii :
(Jhilili'iMi :
i. .loniiili, li. ITI't, III. Miiiiliii Wliiii'liick.
ii. SiiHaiiniili, li. I7I-, in. Imhii^I Ki-IIhwh,
iii. Itliiiilii, li. 1711, III. Aliniliiiiii IIIiii'h.
iv, Siii';ili, li. I7'i''>. III. •loniitliiin lii'nniinl.
V. AsiiIidI, li. I7iil, ni. 17!'-', Anna VVulKiir : <'li. : I, AhuIh'I Wulki^r, I..
I7!l'l, III. l'lli/./ilii!tli Itiiwlliy ; 'J, liiuiiaiiiin li. I7'-I''>, m. ; -t, Williiiin,
li. I7H7, III. .\liiiy I'liiiinry ; 4, Sinali, in. ; I'l, .luHJiili, ni. |H|!>,
Siirili Maniliill : <•, Ann, li. 17!*!), in. (IhI.) jii'ii jiiniin ( 'IntHli'v,
(2nil) l/iit. I'liiniicy ; 7, SuHanim, in. hiininl lin^aii ; H, 'riidinaH, in.
Siii'iili iSfin^iliitt.
vi. I'lrniuniin, li. l7-'>t, <1. iMiiirli. IHiia, ni. I77<i, Tiliillia I'urkiiiH : Cli. :
I,' I'i.llinr, li. I7H(). in. William l,uiiuli-y ; L', Kiilli, li. I7K>, ni.
iCliiiili'H ; ■'!, SiiHaiinu, li. JTHii, i|. jHi^ll ; 4, KtMiiainin K nuwllnn,
li. i7i"*. III. IHI7, Alii^/iil Ailiiihiin m-f < 'dmn'ry ; n, UnnlM^n, li.
I7!*''I, III. (IhI ) ('iitliaii'ii- A. hoil^^i', f'^nil) linniHa SiimlciH.
vii. I'lnilin, li. ITiiH, .1,
viii. Knnii'(\ li. I7<il.
i.\. Mary, ti. I7<14.
Stki'Iikn' Idiiioi:, a (IcHrcnilanl. of 'rristrain' l>o(li,'i-, of Itiock iHliiinl,
IMioiJi' I.KlafHJ, l,liron;^li VVilliarn,' .li-n-ininli, ' 'rrisl/rnni,' was imiii at,
OyHl/i^r l>ay, liOii)^ iHJanil, N.\'., 17 IH, raiiif witJi liin witn lilaiiflii!
SlnidwiM and Hnvfral fliildrcii, a woil.liy I-oyalJHt of I7H,'{, and sntlli'd
flr.'sl; in (Iran villi', liul. at'lfi'svai'ils iii Wilinot,, wlicir lie olil.ainnd a ;^iii.nl,
to tlir rear of llic livnr grants, iiorlli of .Vliddlrt.on W'i'hI.. Iln dind
1808. (.'liildirn:
i. Kiirali, li. 1771, m. l)Hviil .Nic^liolH.
ii. (!liarli'H, li. 177;!, III. (!«(} 17'.H, Muliitalilti (;at<!H, (2nd) MarKari'l
IShIoIIhom : <.'ii.; I, AiiiliroHt!, ti. I7!tri, in. (Ih(,) Aliit^ail I'urkor,
CJikI) ; L', SnHannali, li. I7!'7, in. < 'iirirtl(i|ili<:r MaiKimon ; .'»,
Maria, ti. IH(M),ni. I'n.licit NioiiolH ; (liy 'Jnd vvifo): 4, Minnl.t.a Ann,
I). IHOH, ni. (;(!oixt! MiMiri! ; 5, Mary llnltni, li. I H 10, in. Wall.rr
WelLiin ; (i, Moliilalili:, li. 18i:t, in. l-nniuol Nii^liolH ; 7, Kniily, li.
IKir>, ni. .lolin VVlH!«!iii'k ; K, Cliarlt-H Riilor, li. 1HI7, in. Jano
Walker; !t, LoiiiHa, li. iKI!«, ni. .Iiihi:|iIi S|iiniii!y ; 10, Ijinilly
Moori', Ii. IH2I, ni. Ilnrrint Sanilfonl ; II, Kli/.iiliiali Amy, li.
IK21, ni. Kli/aliol.h (JliUHlaml Wlioolixtk ; 12, William Allo'n, li.
1K20, ni. LoiH Kn^'lii.H; l.'i, Huuaiul KovvKir, li. IH2'.t, ni. Lydia
Mdiill.
iii. Saiiniol, li. I77r), in. IHO(i, l^ydia WnoUniry: VM.-. I, Kli/.aliotli, l>.
JHOd, ni. William HiiHton (Jlii|)maii ; 2, Artlnir, in. Ruhocca
(v'liipnian ; ■'>, Kinily, li. IKIO, ni. Liil.liur Mni'Ho ; 4, .lohn, b.
IHI.'i, <|. IH87, III. Ilarriiil, Wnoillm-y ; 5, (Joi)rf{<!, 1). IHIfi, in.
Ilarriety I'arkcr ; <1, Mary, li. IHI7, m. Zac.liariali IJankH ; 7,
Kdwiri, h. 18i!), in. Koziali bmlKu ; 8, (.'harlo.n, li. 1K22, m.
I'arkcr Dodm) ; !», Ilarrint, li. 1825, ni. Oliailiah Mml^a \ 10,
liavinia, li. 182!>, in. ValnntiiU! 'I'i'i)ii|i.
iv. Mary, h. 1778, ni. KHhh Moore.
i)or»ii:--iiiiii,ANi». fiO.'l
V. I''r(^((luvr, li. I7HI, III Imiiiii' |jiiil<{liiy.
vi. Si,ti|i|i(iii, l». I7MJ, il. iiiiiii.
Vii. .I/U^llll, ll. ITMlf, III. (I 111; ICllllll'l i'\:llU, (\illl\) H WlilnVV, 11(1 (!|i)IIHC.
viii. .Iiiliii, ll. I7H!). III. IH|<), M.'liiiiiM.' ItiilollHoh (ll. I, Ann, l>. IHL'O,
III. ArliilllllM, HUH 111 Wiiiil W JM'ijiick ; 'J, yMllfil (;il|ii!l, li. |Hli2,
III. ' ImI ) lliinii'l. Kuniliill, ('Jn>l> .Aiii'^lni <'lii|iiiiiiii, (.'inl) ('liiirluttn
Liiiiiiiiit ; .'1, Mill)' I'riHcillii, ll. IK„'|, 111 Will. iMiiinliuimd , 1, .luliii
Alliiiii, ll. IHL'd, ll. in nil'iUH'v ; Ti, lO linlinilii, li. JH^K, m. W'illjitiii
('. jtiil : Ci. lK!iiitli Shiiw, 'l>. iH.'iO, III. risl) Annii Itill, (-.'ml)
Miirtliii I'liiriv.y ; 7, AmliKllii .\i|rliii, li. IH.'i.'l, ui. ^VilliHll|(^ Hill,
M IM'. ; H, llonrii-tlH I.. iKIfi. il ninn.
i.x. JHuiir, III. (1st,; lirtitiii. Clmi'lliiii, (\ii\i\) (Jiiici! Yiiilli;^, (.'till) Cyiitliiji
Mi-.><Miini{i'r : (Mi.: I, Kviilinit, in. hiiviil l''it/.riiii(|ci||ih ; 'J, Li^iiiiu,
III. ( i('<ii!,'ii jlcwliiit! ; ''i Siiriili, III. Ilcnr.y Miiniod ; 4, .lnliii
WoHliiy, III. Siuniinl liH ( 'dVi'it,.
IH'HI.AMi. hsNIKI, l>i;i(l,AMi, il ilif^lli)' liv,|.i'(l iilijf Ll (V iili.' I, I'luln New
^'|)|■I•;, srdii'il ill Wiiniiil ill 17H.'{, mill was oiif ut' llif iiri'.^ii[iil ;,'iiiiilfT.s of
Mount Hiuiii'V. I'niliiilily !<■ is lli" siiinc ii;iiim' ;is I (oiIiiihI, of wliidi
.l/iiiH'K is iiii-iit.iiiiH'ij hy Suliiin- us (-(1111111;,' Id Slicllnirnc tVoiii New York,
jiiiil |icrliii|is of (Icrmiiii oii;,'in ; iiiiij it iiiiiy iiavi' oi'i^^iiiiilcij fniiii llic
iMitcli Villi ijir l.iiiil. Mr. Diithiinl iii'inicil Sitrali {)*• Mothit, or l)i-
Mott, a lady of 1 1 ii^^uciiot (■.xtrarlion, ( 'liiiijii'ii :
i. /i!l.iil..n, .1.!'., ni. (;,illiariiio Miliiir Cli.: I, Mary, li. May, l7H<i,
(1. ; 'J, Mary, li, I7HH, m. A--a|.li Wliilin.m ; .'!, .lacoli, li.
I7'"l, III. IHIi'i, l,y(lii, lliilrdin ; 4, ( 'iil liariiic, li, I7!*- ; i'l, 1' riM'tuvc,
II. I7'.ll, III. I'liil<. r.ijaiclHlcy ; (i, Sarah, I.. I7!»r, in. .lolili Kc.hh ;
7, Zdliiiloii, ll. IHOO, in. Sii|iliia .Ann .-iliiiratl ; K, !,(iniKii, li. iHOfi,
III. ■liiliii hniiii ; '.', haiiii'l, li. IH(l7, in. SiiHaii liiiniiaril ; 10,
llai'lH:! Ann, l> IHO'.I, in. Uicliar.l l>iirliiii(i.
ii. I»aincl, III. Sarali llawliswditli : (!|i. : I, (!oinclia, li. 17'"*, in.
Anthony Wilkins ; 'J, Klizal.ctli, I.. |H(H», ni. VVilliaiii Itrowii ; .'I,
lliilicirci, ll. IKO.'!, III. Sainiidl (Ilicshty; I, .Sarah, li. IHOi'i, in.
Williaiii S|»niul ; o, Ciiloli |{, , li. IH(»7, in. liHiiiHa Whitinaii ; (i,
I'ilijali I'liiniH^y, li. IKID, in. Ilaniiah I'liinncy ; 7, Ann, l>. IKIlJ,
'ill. lidiiiainin I'riiWii ; H, Adam {'iaituii, li. IKI I, in. Mi^lmrali
YiiiiiiK ; !i, (■'ar(iliii(% li, |KI7, in. (Inurm! Ndnii^ ; 10, liiKinora,
III
I
■ ''iiii^ , ,, ^ ■'i*i<>tiii<., ir, ■■'II, III. 'it-'KJ^l. li'Mii^ , i-'i iJiJ-'ll'iiHj
ll. |H|<», in. .liiHcpli l'.anl<H ; II, l.s.iac, li. IKL'I, In. I'li-ardsiiry.
• liilili, (I. IKOO, III. < 'yiithia, dan. oi .l(iH(!|ili Hn^'t^liiH : ('ll.: I, .lainim
llarvi'y, li. I7t»'j, d. a^iid 'JH ; '-', Di'imitli!, Ii, I7!»;t ; 'K .lii!U!|ili,
I f^lk" /l.vLI I ll ... I. t. .1 I /tl'' II.
■■■•■•'.'» -I fS'"' -■'. « , ", ■■» I"',
ll. I7!'ri, III. (IhI) Sarah Krowii, (Ifnd) Dnrodiy .lalid (WiKwall)
HiiHHcIl, livod at S|)(;cIiI'h (,'ii\ (!, iinw ISarton, l)i(,'liy (/'n. ; 4, .lolin,
I). IHOO, III. Ann Hmwii.
iv. Sarali, in. .Jacoli Millor.
V. .losiiiili, in. Kli/.alidtli Mcltridi^ : ('li.: I, Harriet, li. 17!)!*, m. .luhii
Kliintt ; 'J, .Mdxamlor, li. IHOO, m. Aiikuoi. Hrowii ; -i, Mii.iiida,
II. IK02, in. .Iimiipli Iami ; 4, Oalharino, li. IHOri, in. .lnliii Stiirk ;
Tl, llannali, li. IH07, m. Williikin Clark ; (i, Cliarlutto, l>. IHO'I,
III. .loliii ( .'r(i|i|(iy.
vi. Domottt!, h. 1771, d. IH4ri, in. Kli/alidlli Milliury : Cli.: I, I'liiiioaH,
b. IH(M), III. Mary McNiiyr ; 2, llichaid, li. IH02, in. Uacliol Ami
Ditrlaiid ; .'i, VViiliain. I>, IHO.'S, m. .Iiilia Mainid ; 4, I'lii/.aliotli, I).
IHO.'i, Ml. TlioiiiJiH <<i'iiiliiii ; ft, Mercy, h. IH07, in. .loliii Kaftan ;
(I, I'amcla, tl. IHIO. Ill, ( Toiikcr, M. JJ. ; 7, Mariottii, h, 18l.'<, m,
Huiiry /wicktsr.
.'>04 IMMll.ANM CASSMN.
vii. ('Iiiii'lim. il. ill iiifiiiiry.
viii. ('liiki'lt'H, III. Cliarl'iltii KnliiiiMMii : Cli. I, ( 'liiu'liillu, mi. Miclmnl
liillilH; 2, I'lixlin, III iHiiiki' NoyrN ; 11, (NlurloH, III Kli»tiili<illi
Liiii){|i'y ; I, Mitnii A., III. |{itl|ili < 'lurk ; It, hitiiKitli', in. Kli/.ii
lii'ili lliirliiiiil , li, Muiy, III. I'liiki'li'H l>iii'litiiil , 7. < 'iillntiiiiii, m.
• ; H, 'riiiiiiiiiH O., III. Siinili Slucumli ; '.I, Juliii I)(iIIiim, hi
llitrni^t hiii'liuiil.
ix. 'riiiiiiiiiH, III. Aiiii'liik (!iiiii{i|iiii (Ml.: I, Mitry, in. Williiiiii Koiil ; 2,
Killliri', III. ,l,iiii)'M ISi^hI, ; .'(, Jcjhi^|iIi, Ii. I''iiI> , IHIi'i, in. I.HVlliiii
Mikt'Niiiill ; I, Kli/.iilx'tli, III hrliinllr hiirliilMl (hdii iif < 'liikl'li'H) ; Ti,
Kriuii, III. (''iiiiiiy Myuii ; II, < 'Ii;ii'Ii!H, hi. 'IhI) Mtiry Ihirlitiiil,
IMwl) Atiiiin Iti'st. ; 7, /uIhiIoii, hi. Jhii. 10, iKItl, ,M<ililila
Aiiilt^rsoii ; H, Williiiiii, III. CliiiildUn IIjihIm; !*, Iliirriiit, in.
•loliii hiii'litiiil ; 10, .Ainiilin, III. .Iiiliii liutii.
X, Kli/,aliiilli, III. 1,1)1. I'liiniii^.
xi. Miiry, m. IHO^, /Mrxuiidor .litiiM^H.
xii. ( 'iit.lifirliii', III. .liiH(!|ili Ni'ily.
xiii. I'IiuIm), hi. (/'lii'lNliiplior ItiiiikH.
KAHHfiN. 1. .loiiN K.NHSDV was (•(itiiinissidiii'd in ITM by tlin iJdiird i»f
Oidiniiicc ill LmihIiiii iih a Master Aililii'i'i', ami sent, nii Hcrvii-c t.d AiiMa|i
oliH Kuyal. I Ic al'li'i'wai'd.H iiiari it'll in Nova Sciil.ia a y'»iiii^,' Hcutcli lailv
h» wlmni in- wa.s t'li^aj^ml Ix't'oic In- ca.inc over, ami wlio, acrnnliii).,' (n
I riulilinii, wIh-m llie time arri\<'(l at. wliirli lio bccaiiMi aliii'. I.n marry,
<'aiim (Mil. I.o Nova Hciitia, lii.s <lii(ieM licrc |iicvcntin),' liiiii frmii Icaviiiji.
Tlic' iiaiiif wan iiflci\ h|M'i(. l'',a,Ht,()ii. lie rccfivi'd a ;,'iiiiil (»!' tlir laiidH of
line (iaiiticr, a iialivi ni' {'"raiH'c, and .son in la.w oC Lniiis A Main, wIim had
iiwncd I In-Ill, at'li-r llicy liad Itrni ((inriscalfd for (laiil,i(!i'H diHJoyalt.y in
1715. 'riiin was t.lic Allain from wliicli /Miain'.s cri-ck or ri vfr derived
ilH name, 'I'lie condilion of Mr. i'lasson's j^'iiiii). wan tliat. lie Hliould keeji
11)1 (lie iiiill. lie married .laniiary 1.'7, 1711, ,\vi.4 Stewart., and liad
i:liildren :
i, JoliM, )». .1(111 7, !?'•-, '1. Aiiir. ." HiiHHi year,
ii. Kii|)lieiiiiii, I). Miiy \i>, I7'tl, (1. iiiini. ,
(2) iii. Daviii, I). Auk. -'». '"I^-
iv. Wiljiaiii, \i. Ant;. L'7, ili'^K hi. in .Ininiiicii Mary MuffiiK. I'tloii : (!|i,:
I, .luHieH I'l.teii, (I. IH.'t,'! ; 'J, I'ili/ii SiiiTc^, d. iiiilll. ; .'t, Avis
l'liilli[m, III. the iliHliiiKiiiHlieii divine, Rev. .Iiiliii VViiliiiiii l>erint{
'iray, D.I)., \i<un l{e(;tnr nl 'I'liiiily Cjiiin^ii, St,, .loll n, N.li., and
w.iH HiollitT of till! Iitto lien iainiii <i. 'iiay, Khi|., KitrriHl.er, cif
llulifax.
2. l)Avni Kamhon waH liorn Au;.fiist, :i."», !7IM, and married Klizalietli
Ki.sher, M'idow of (!|i,>rleM Molt, and had ehildi(!ii:
(3) i. VViinMHi .Stewart, I.. Se|.t.. L'O, 1771.
ii. I>avid,h. May .'t, I77;t, hi. Zoiiiiali Fairii : Cli.: I, Kli/alielli Ann,
HI. Sidney .Saiidern ; 2, Miiry KiHlicir, hi. 'I'arlittll Wlictilock ; .'I,
.lolm, l>. ./an. 2r>, IHII, hi. Mary Miller lloyt,, and iind cli.:
Alixiiiiilvr, Jtiiiir.i, Miirij A till and l'jll-:<ilirlli.
• ii. lOizaliotii, l». Doc, 20, 177'"', hi. Mall.liow Uilcliie (hoii of Andrew,
HOII.).
K.\HM(t\— 1:1,1, i(»iT. .'»()r»
jv. .lolm I.. Nuv. |:J, I77«
V. Avis, t», Miiri'li I, I7H'I, m Itulinrl Ifitrliii- (moh of Aiiilniw, himi.),
VI. Sunili, li. Miiy '-'-, \7^'^, m. Ii'niilunc llunlwirk,
vJi, 'I'll. .111(14, I.. hiHV '.!!», l7Ht, III. iHitll, Ciilliuriiix KyriHnii Ch : I,
Sitiikli Ann, li IHIU, iiniii. ; 'J, Lxlitiii, It. IHI'J, ni. Willmin •luiiim;
.'I, hruiMTN Mill 111, I. IHll, .1.; 4, Miiry, li. IH|7, m. |Hi;i, Sli|.lniii
I'liyMciii ; r*, ( lliiirlnlti-, li tNi!|, III. iHli'i, \\'il|iiini I']. I(ii|j;({lim I (I,
Kiuiiitm, li IH'.;;;, m. IHll, .Sl..|.lirii M |{iik'.',I< h.
viii. AliixHiiihir, )>. I7H(>, in IHI.'I, /cniiali Kuhhuii, m'r l'"iuiii : <'li I,
Avm Sl.iwiiit, 1.. IHlii, III. .luiii.'H I''. Ilnyl, ; 'J. DcIm.iuIi, Ii. |HMi,
il iiiiiii.; .1, lli<l<-ii, I). |H|H, III. Airri'ii lloyi ; t, lti'n|iiniiii, li.
|H|!I, il. HiiiiMi yciir ; a, |)iivii|, in. Small Kllrliin ; li, < 'uiiijinn, li.
IIIIIII.; 7, lli'iity. III. Miiry Allmi ; H, .IrkinrH, in. Ilanniili KitiI ;
t), 'rhuiniiH, II. IH:II ; lU, Ktniiiii Avih, Ii. IH.'II.
.1. WiMI.NM SiKWAIlT KvsHllV WI1.M lidlli Sc|il ciiiImT "JO, I 77 I , IIIUI I it'll
llai'liiii'ii I'lilliiiin, tiiiil iiiui rjiililri'ii :
i Kli/ii, III. lliMiry llurduiik.
ii. l''rHiii'im, in. .Miriiliiiin Li^iil.
iii. Diiviil, III. (ImI) .VliHH Itiibir, C-'iid) lliuiirt, MiuMliiniiii . Cli.: I,
Williiini, l>. |H|«;, III. (IhI) Miiruiiri'l McAtlliiir, (liiiil) ('luirlottu
Kilrli, iii'r IliHliHp ; '„', 'riiiiiiiiiH, Ii. IH|H, m. Miirirui'Dl Ann NiilinlM ;
II, KniiircH, 11. IM'Jfl, III. Imiiik; Williiiiii MiiiHliiill ; I, lliiiijikinin. I».
IH2it, <l. iiiiin.; (Iiy iiiid wife): i>, Mary .lunii, If. IH'JIi, in. I'DHir
.IiiIiiihIcim ; (I, Willclt,, li. IH2H, in. Kli/iitiiitli MiiM.sDii^t-r ; llt'iiry
Alliui, ti. IH.'IO, wnit, ulirnii.l ; H, Miiiy Ann, U. IH.'tli, in. I'liiili
•liiliiistiin ; '.), Iliii'i'irt .IiiIiiihI.iiii, It. iHM.'i, iiiini.; 10, liarliiii'ii, li
IH-'tii, III. .likiiKiM Mull ; II, Kiinicr, II. |H;t<i, III. U.iliitrt (Miiilii.
' iv. Kiit'lt.ti'u, III. Williiini lliki'iltvii'lt
l'li,l,H)T'i'. tIdiM Mm.iiiT'I', (lif iUM'i'Htdr III' our I'liiiiily ut' lln- niiinc, whm
il liiitivi' III' llir liui'l.li III' Itrlainl, iiliil ciiliii- l.ii llic l'ro\ iiicc i|iiil<> yiiiiii^.
'I'licir JH a IniililioM llial liis |iaicnl.s ijifij uf Hlii|if»nt'r on llir |ui.sHa>{i' (Hit.
Ill' \Mis lii'on<{lil u|i (III il i'lirin in <ii'aiivillc, Init i'i'iiiiimmI U> l\\i' lliiiilcy
MdUiilaiii at'liM' liis iiiai'iia),'!' In Kucjicl, (laii;,'litci' iil" Saiiiiicl I'm'IiI, in
I7'.)li. lie liail cliililicii :
i. VViiliuni, h. l7!)-'t, in. Kli/.alirlli ClioHlny : Oli : I, .lnhii, in. l,U(;y
Ann ISiickiniin ; 'J, Ann, in. Wllliain lliinl<H ; It, Kaclicl, iii.
'riiiiiiiHM Kdwluinl ; (. I,iii'y, .n. KiiIikiiI Ititisur ; .'i, Lurciia, in.
(icrii;^c N'i'H iiniil) ; 11, lliMiry, d. iiiiiii.; 7, Kdwiird, in. IH|M,
A/nliali I'lii'kinitn ; H, KdIkicch, hi. •litnniH Oropltiy.
ii. Nancy, I.. I7!ir», in. ( IhI) .loliii WchI,, ('Jiid) -
iii. Litali, II. I7'>7, in. Kiidiard Mowlliy.
iv. .Iiilin, II. 17''*!', III. Iliirriiit Diiiliind : <'li.' I, IIiihhiiII, in. Aiiik! laui ;
'J> Wntil.wiii'tli, III. Siirali WilkiiiH ; ■">, Kli/.iilail li, in. I'di^r KhIhiii- ;
I, Muiiiiy, 111. Mci'llia M . .\i'iiiHt.Miii),! ; Ti, Niiiu^y, in. (Int.) Williitin
Ai'iiiHti'diiL;, CJnd) .liiliii linlMur ; li, (MiarlcH A., in. Kiitli >Sli)(:ciiiili ;
7, iSaniiK'l, III. Iiaviniii .SIimmmiiIi ; K, lliinrii^lt.H, in. .Iiihii|iIi Ki'it./, ;
M, Kiiplii'iniii, III. Henry Iti'iiwn ; |M, (!lurk, d. iiiiin. ; I I , /uliiildii,
III. Simaii lii'dwn.
V. Itoiijainin, li. IHIII, in. Ann Ai^kcrly : (Mi.: I, Alii'aliatii, in. (!ariilitit3
ItunI, (lid iHHiie); 'J, Imiuic, in. (IhI) Miiry lldwiliy, (l!nd) I'arkiir ;
■'t, [{iu^IkiI, in. •Siiniiiel I'owlliy ; 4, .lai'dli, in. Harriot' Ijim* ; Ti,
Hayarii, in. /i^riiiali l>(^iii|iH(iy (no iHHiio); (i, ■lohii, in. Marin
_— Murt'dii ; 7, IMudio, in. Kiidcli llowlby.
506 ELIJOTT — FATRN.
vi. Rachel, b. 180.S. in. Samuel Marah.iU.
vii. Ciiarles, b. ISO."!, m. Lucy Bent : 2 sona d. unin, H daus.
viii. Margaret, b. 1807, ni. Thomas Marshall,
ix. Robert, 1). 1810, m. Lavinia Brown ; (i sona and 5 dauH.
X. Thomas, b. 1812, m. Eliza Baiik.^ : 7 sons and 4 dau.s.
Samuel Elliott was the ancestor of anotlier family of Klliotts, and
came from the same part of Ireland about tlie i.ame time as John, hut
there is no consanjifuinity known hetwep'i the tairilies. Ti-adition says
that he also lost his parents on shipboard. He certainly lost his father
when a child, was broufrht U() on a farm at (Jranville, and removed to
Wilmot, in which tov i^hip he settled in East Clarence. He married,
1789, Priscilla Fellows, and had children :
i. John, b. 17'''i, m. Elizabeth Huntington, b. 1780, d. 1808 (no issue).
ii. Phebe, b. 1704.
iii. Catharine, '- i"'.Hi, m. Abner Foster,
iv. Samuel, b '7 "•, d uiiin.
V. Israel, b. ibn-i, ni. Hopestead Barnaby : Ch.: 1, Leander S., b.
IKH, m. Phebe Jane Balcom ; 2, Margaret Eliz ibeth, m. Parker
Morse : .'$, George, m. Adolia Barnaby ; 4, Edville, m. Nellie Smith.
vi. Abigail, b. 18W), m. Robert Stone.
vii. Josei)h, 1). 1800, m. Sarah Ann Leonard : Ph.: 1, Jane .Josephine,
m. James Mooro ; 2, James Rupert, m Mary Betts ; .'{, Leonard
William, m. Carrie Mary Freeman ; 4, Edwin James, m. Ella
Moore Miller.
viii. Sarah Ann, b. 1811, m. (1st) Edward Morse, (2nd> Warvon Longley.
Faikn. This is certainly a Scotch name, but our author, while assi;^n
ing the family to an English origin, says that Bex.tamix Fairn', who came
here in 1783, then scarcely of age, may have been of German ext ra.-'tion.
(I think he was a descendant of a Scotch immigrant to New England. —
Ed.) He married Sarah, daughter of Ebenezer Rice, and .setl iv'd near
him in the vicinity of Saw-mill Creek, on land some of which is still
owned by descendants. He had children :
i. Nancy, ni. (1st), James CJ. Roach, (2nd) Oldham Whitman.
ii. Elizabeth, m. Ichabod Corbitt.
iii. Sarah, m. Jasper Williams.
iv. William, m. 1813, Mary Berteaux : Ch.: 1, Edward, b. 1813, m.
Eliza Oakes ; 2, Benjamin, b. 1815, m. Mary Ann Hoyt (no
issue) ; 3, William, b. 1817, m. Harriet Gates ; 4, Charlotte
Maria, b. 1819, m. Will. ; Hardwick ; 5, Augusta, b. 1822, m.
Abraham Ditmars ; 6, Mercy, b. 1824, m. '^enry Lockwood ; 7,
Charles Henry, b. 1826, m. Elizabeth Ann Hardwick ; 8, John L.,
b. 1828, m. Lavinia Hardwick (no issue) ; i\ Eleanor, b. 1830, m.
Thomas Hardwick ; 10, Sarah, b i j32, m. Gilbert Purdy.
V. Zcruiah, m. Alexander Easson.
vi. Henry, m. Mai-y Robinson : Ch. : 1, Jnnics, d. unm. ; 2, Ann, m.
Joseph Tomlinson ; 3, Susan, m. John Burbidge ; 4, Eliza, ni.
Seth Bent ; 5, Francis, m. Frances Chapman ; 6, Henrietta, m.
John Prince.
FALES — FARNSWORTH. 507
Pales. Ehknkzkr Fales with his son Benjamin came here about 17C0
from Taunton, Mass., and obtained a grant of land at the eastern end of
the township of Wilmot, near tlie stream known as "The Fales River."
The .son settled on a farm whicli he purchased on the Stronach Mountain
from Brigadier-(Jener!il Hujigles. lienjamin Fales had married Racliel
Bassett, of Taunton, who had a brother Richard educated at Harvarfl.
a brilliant and ready-witted, but eccentric youn^ man, who once, during
the recess of a sitting of the Court of which his uncle Fales was clerk,
was challenged by the latter, who was fond a joke, to extemporize a
verse or rhyni' that would turn the laugh against him, and promptly
expre.ssed himself thus :
" Tlie oliildren of Israel asked for meat.
Anil Jehovah sent them (juails ;
The Court of Taiiiiton wanted a clerk.
And tlio devil sent it Fales."
It is said this tendency to ready wit and humor still characterizes the
descendants of Rachel (Bassett) Fales, whose dust reposes in one of the
Wilmot church-yards. Children :
i. Benjamin, jun., m. Harriet Gates : Ch.: 1, Benjamin, d. unm.; -,
Oldham, m. Eliza Marshall ; .", Joel, ni. (U.S.) ; 4, Amos, m.
(lat) Sarah Morton, (2nd) Eliza Whitman ; f), Rachel, m. (Ist)
William Neily, (2nd) Thomas Ward ; (J, Abigiil, m. Harris Ward.
ii. Daniel, m. Elizabeth Larlie : Ch. : 1, Margaret, b. 1800, m. Nelson
Stronaoh ; 2, Isaac, m. Mary Baker ; ;{, Jiicob, m. Charlotte
Bakor ; 4, Sarah, m. ('st) Lot Phinuey, (2nd) Asaph Bent, (3rd)
Elias Fales ; 5, AVmdiaui, b. 1809, m. Francis Ray ; (>, Amos,
m. Eliza Burns (no issue) ; 7, Daniel, m. Hannah Fales ; '8,
Elizabath, m. Thomas Eaton ; 9, Rosanna, m. Stephen Burns
iii. Ebenezer, m. 1803, Hannah Brown : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b, 1804, d.
unm.; 2, Benjamin, b. 180t), d. unm; 3, Daniel, unm.; 4, John,
ni. Cassia Brown ; 5, James, d. unm.; (!, Elias, m. Sarah Fales ;
7, Isaac, m. Phebe Cook ; 8, Elizabeth, m. (1st) John Smith,
(2nd) John Baker ; 9, Mary, m. Timothy Grimes ; 10, Rachel, m.
William Ogilby ; 11, Anna, ni. Edmund Brown; 12, Miriam, d.
unm.
iv. Mary, m. George Stronach.
V. Abigail, m. Joel Farnsworth.
vi. Rachel, m. James Gates,
vii. Sarah, m. Jacob Baker,
viii. Betsey, m. John Gates.
Farnsworth. Amos'' Farnsworth, born Nov. 27, 1704, was p. grand-
son, through Benjamin'- Farnsworth, sen., by his wife Mary, dau. of Jonas
Prescott, of Matthias' Farnsworth, who was born in 1612, in Lancaster,
England, and came to liynn, and later settled at Groton, Mass, Amos
came from Groton in 1760, and secured lot No. 77 in Granville, a portion
of which has in recent years been occupied by Robert Parker, J.P. On
this lot was a house, said to have been the only house of the dispersed
508 FAHXSWORTH.
Acadians tliat escaped conHagration, being saved hy a sudden shower.
He returned to Groton, but did not bring his family here until 17(53.
Returniii_^; to Massachusetts on some business, he was drowned crossing
the N :';i la River, Dec. o, 1775. He had ch.: 1, Sarah, b. Oct. 10, 1736,
d. Sept. 19, 1756 ; 2, Rachel, b. Jan. 29, 1738, m. June 16, 1761, Jabez
Holden ; 3, Lydia, b. Nov. 24, 1739, m. Sept. 26, 1765, Wm. Shedd ; 4,
Susanna, b. Aug. 25, 1741, m. Aug. 25, 1761, John Sawtell, jun.; 5,
Lucy, b. Nov. 1743, m. Solomon Earns worth (cousin) ; 6, Amos, b. June
24, 1746, d. July 9, 1749; 7, Lt. Jonas, b. Aug. 18, 1748, m. 1774, Jane,
dau. of James and Mary Delap (probably removed to Wilraot), d. July
16, 1805; 8, Mary, b. 1757, m. Joseph Potter, jun.; 9, Amos, jun., b.
April 28, 1754 (was an active revolutionary ofticer, attaining rank of
Major of artillery); 10, Benjamin, b. Oct. 24, 1757 (drowned with his
father).
Benjamin' Fakxswortii, Jun, an older son of Benjamin,'- sen., b.
Jan. 16, 1699, m. (1st) Patience , (2nd) March 19, 1736, Rebecca
Pratt, of Maiden, had 5 ch., of whom one, Solomon, was b. 1738, m. (l.st)
Dec. 6, 1770, in Nova Scotia, a cousin, Lucy Farnsworth, (2nd) May
23, 1801, Mary, dau. of John Chute, and settled at Chute'.s Cove: Ch.:
1, Sarah, b. June 4, 1773, m. Michael Miller; 2, Frances, b. Oct. 11,
1774, m. (1st) 1796, Rev. James Manning, (2nd) Henry Troop, (3rd)
Aaron Morse; 3, Lucy, b. June 15, 1777, ra. James Eaton; 4, Maiy, b.
1779, m. Juhn Brown; 5, Solomon, b. 1781, d. 1782; 6, Benjamin,!).
Feb. 1, 1802, m. (1st) Anna Matilda, dau. of John and Rebecca Ellis,
(2nd) 1822, Phebe, dau. of Henry Milbury ; 7, Peter, b. July 9, 1803, m.
April 29, 1827, Mary, dau. of Michael and Abigail Holden; 8, John
Chute, b. Oct. 11, 1805, m. (1st) Feb. 15, 1826, Mary Cecilia, dau. of
Job Pack, (2nd) Nancy, dau. of James and Phebe Chute, (3rd) Elizabeth
Charlotte Chute ; 9, Mary, b. 1807, m. William Hall; 10, Solomon, b.
Oct. 9, 1809, m. (1st) Nov. 19, 1833, Anna B., dau. of James Cummings,
(2nd) Phebe, dau. of Abraham Bogart (lived at Stony Beach).
JoNAs^ Farnswokth, another son of Benjamin, sen., 1>. Oct. 14, 1713, m.
Thankful Ward (dau. of Obadiah), and had 9 children, of whom Isaac*
the 6th and Joel* the yth, came to Granville. Isaac,^ b. Aug. 9, 1750, m.
(1st) Hannah Hill, (2nd) Martha Barth, and afterwards lived in Jones-
boro', Me. Ch.: 1, Daniel, b. about 1774, m. Dec. 8, 1803, Jerusha Earl,
of Horton, and .settled at Aylesford ; 2, Ichabod ; 3, Royal ; 4, Asa, m.
Betsey Weston ; 5, Amaziah ; 6, Isaac ; 7, Martha, ui. Reuben Libbey ;
8, Hannah, m. Joseph Libbey ; 9, Mary.
JoEL,*b. May 28, 1757, m. (1st) Abigail Fales, (2nd) Sarah Perkins,
lived at Clarence, and had 1 1 daughters.
FELLOWS. 509
FKLLOwr,. 1. IsRAEi/' Fkllows, or Fellowes, was a descendant of
William. wIk) .vas born in England in 1609, and canif to Ipswlcli, Mass.,
in IG^'J, through Joseph,' who ni. 167r>, Ruth Frnils, and d. 1729 ;
Joseph,' who m. 1701, Sarah Kimball ; Henjaniin,* b. 1711, m. (1st) Eunice
Dodge, whod. 1747, (2nd) Mrs. Sarah Elwell, who d. 1777, C^rd) 1778,
Mrs. lle])ecca Louther, whod. 1802. Isratl, who was born Jan. 4, 1741,
at Ipswich, came to Granville in 1701, and in 1768 bought lot 147 from
John Crocker, one of the grantees. He m (1st) March 20, 1762, Susanna,
uau. of Josiah Doflge. (2nd) Joanna Smith, and died 1815. Children :
i. Eunice, b. Feb. 11, 17<>3, ni. John, son of Valentine Troop.
(2) ii. Joseph, b. March 17, 1735.
iii. Susannah, b. 17fi7, d. in infancy.
iv. Su.sannah, b. Feb. 23, 1761), m. Edward, son of John Dunn.
V. Ann, b. May 15, 1772, in. Samuel Che.sley.
vi. Cynthia, b. April 12, 1775, m. Oliver Foster,
vii. Ph(ebe, b. 1777, d. young,
viii. Sarah, b. 1780, d. young,
ix. Ebenezer, b. 1782, d. unni.
X. Priscillft, b. 1785, m. Samuel Elliott.
xi. Hepzibah, b. 1787, m. Benjamin Chute, jun.
2. Rev. Joseph Fellows, b. March 17, 1765, m. April 10, 1788,
Catherine Troop, and died April 18, 1820. Children :
i. Israel, b. March 27, 1789, m. 1811, Ann Phinney Hall, and d. at
St. John, N.B., 18(>;i; Ch. : Mary Ann, b. 1811, m. John Bath
Longley ; 2, Catherine, b. 1815, m. J. V. Troop, of St. John,
M.P.P., etc. ; .S, Su.san Eliza, b. 1820, m. (Jeorge Camber; 4,
Havilah Hall, b. 1824, m. Stephen Sneden Hall ; 5, James
Israel, b. 1826, ni. (Ist) Elizabeth Allen, (2nd) Jane Hamlyn
Crane,
ii. Joseph, born July 30, 1792, m. (1st) 1820, Sophia Rice, dau. of
Joseph Troop, (2nd) 1828, Charlotte Sophia Hians, who was a
sister of Hetty Hians, wife of John Howe, Po.stnmster-General,
half-bro. of Hon. Jos. Howe : Ch.: 1, Olivia, m. James Hardwick ;
(by 2nd wife) : 2, Richard Henry, b. 1830, d. unni ; 3, Catherine
Howe, b. 1831, m. David M. Dickie ; 4, George Edward, b. 1833,
m. Nancy Dickie ; 5, John Howe, b. 1835, d. 1838 ; (5, William, b.
1837, m. (Ist) Augusta Best, (2nd) Jane Nichols, ne'e Dickinson ; 7,
John Israel, b. 1839, ui. Althia Stowers ; 8, Joseph Howe, M.D.,
b. 1840, d. unui. ; 9, Benjamin Smith, m. Annie Shafner.
iii. George Troop, b. Dec. 30, 1795, m. Susan Morse, dau. of Joseph Bent :
Ch.: 1, Sophia, b. 1823, m. Obadiah Parker ; 2, Joseph, b. 1826,
m. Annie Parker; 3, Amelia R., b. 1830, m. Charles Parker ; 4,
Mary, b. 1832, m. VVm. Clark ; 5, George, b. 1840, d. 1874 ; 6,
Charlotte, b. 1837, d. 1846.
iv. James Edward, m. Eliza, dau. of Augustus Willoughby, and d.
1824 : Ch. : 1, James Edward, b. 1822, d. 1840 ; 2, Elizabeth, b.
1824.
V. Benjamin Smith, b. Feb. 26, 1805, m. Eliza Willoughby, his
brother's wid.: Ch.; 1, James Edward, b. 1827, m. Charlotte S.,
dau. of Wm. H. Morse ; 2, Minetta, b. 1829, m. Joseph F.
Ballister ; 3, Margaret, b. 1832, d. young ; 4, Anna. b. 1836, m.
Hon. Samuel Leonard Shannon, Q.C, D.C.L. ; 5, Maria S., b.
1839, m. John M. Parker, d. 1892 ; 6, Lucretia, b. 1839, d. in
infancy ; 7, Bertha, b. 1845, m. John R. Mitchie.
510 FITZKANDOLPH — FOSTER.
FiTZRAXDOLni. This is a purely Norman name, as all proper family
names beginning with Fitz are. This prefix is the old Norman ecjuiva-
lent to the modern French Jifs, a son. In days when second names were
beginning to be used to distinguish t\.milies, the .sons of a man named
Kan(iolph or Gerald, would be designated Fitzrandolph or Fit/gerald.
The family must therefore be of very ancient repute in England. The
Annapolis branch derive from Edward/ who was born 1G14 in Notting-
hamshire, and came to America in 1G30, and married at Scituate, May
10, 1G37, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Thomas Blossom, of Plymouth,
through Nathaniel,- Edward,'' Nathaniel, ' Uobkkt,'' who came to Annap-
olis among the Loyalists, bringing his wife, Phebe Pear.sall, and five
children with him, and first settled in what is now Digby County, but
later on lan(!.j granted to him at Lawrencetown. Later still he exchanged
luv.ds with Christo[)her Prince, from whom he received what is still known
a,s the "Bell" Farm, near Bridgetown, until lately owned in this family.
He died December 1."), 1830, aged 1)3. His widow died December 15,
1832, aged 83. He had children :
i. Mary, b. at Woodbridge, Masa., 1773.
ii. Samuel, b. at Elizabethtown, N..J., m. Mary McLean ; fleE^ondants
in New York ; perhaps the celebrated publisher, Ans' n >>. Fitz-
randolph is among them.
iii. Mercy, b. at Elizabethtown, N.J.
iv. Joseph, b. 1781, at Staten Island, N.Y., m. (Ist) Charlotte Burkett,
(2nd) Catharine Dewolf: Ch.: 1, Edward H., ni. Sarah Little, ne'e
Fitzrandolph ; 2, John, m. Anne Gorhani ; 3, James H., m.
Susan Menzies, lived at Digby, a leading merchant and magistrate,
posterity numerous and respectable, but scattered ; a distinguished
son, Hon. Archibald Fitzrandolph, resides at Fredericton, N.B. ;
4, Maria, ni. Alexander Sawers, M.D. ; 5, Charles, m. Elizabeth
Bath,
v. Robert, m. (Ist) Fopt. 15, 1802, Jane Lee, she died March 29, 1312,
, in her 27th year, (2nd) Oct. 29th, 1812, Sarah Nichols, she d.
May 17, 181<i, (3rd) May 18, 1817, Mary Nichols, she d. April 23,
1821, (4th) Phebe Tupper : Ch. : 1, Ann, b. July 29, 1803, m. ;
2, Mary, b. Oct. 4, 1805, m. Seth Heals ; 3, Eliza, b. May 12, 1808 ;
4, Phebe, b. May 1.3, 1811, d. July 29, 1813 ; (by 2nd wife) : 5,
Samuel Rowland, b. Nov. 4, 1813, m. Maria A. Bishop ; 6,
David Nichols, b. March 13, 1816, m. Evaline Dodge ; (by 3rd
wife) : 7, Mary Charlotte, m. Kinsman Neily ; 8, Henrietta, b.
Feb. 24, 1819 ; 9, John Lindley, b. Nov. 23, 1820, m. Maria
Shafner ; (by 4th wife) : 10, Robert Elias, m. Isabella Runcinian.
vi. John Lindley, a phvslcian, m. Sept. 11, 1811, Eliza Willis, in New
York ; he d. at St. John N.B., June 5, 1823 : Ch. : 1, William
Walter, b. Nov. 16, 1812 ; 2, James Cornwall, b. April 28th,
1814 ; 3, Edmond, b. Sept. 9, 1817 ; 4, John Richardson, b.
April 1, 1820 ; 5, Caroline Eliza, b. (posthumus) Oct. 26, 1823.
Foster. Benjamin Foster, great-grandson of Reginald, who, born
about 1595, came, probably, from Exeter, England, in 1638, to Ipswich,
Mass., through Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson, was born October
6, 1689, married March 15, 1725, Sarah, daughter of Ezekiel Woodward,
KOSTEU. 511
anu (lied either in Ilampstetul, N.H., or immediately after his arrival
in Nova Scotia. Tn 1760, his widow with sons Isaac, Ezekiel and
Jeremiah, settled in Granville, where she died in 1805, aged 104.
Jeremiah returned to the old colonies and settled it is supposed in Maine.
The descendants of the other two are very numerous in Nova Scotia,
including lawyers (the present Judge of Probate of Halifax is one of
them) physicians, clergymen, merchants and shipbuilders. No individual
family has done more than this in the planting of orchards and changing
the wilderness land.scapes of a century ago into objects of value and
beauty. Monuments of their industry and infelligence are conspicuous
in every township and hamlet of the county. Benjamin's daughter
Judith, born 1726, married John Chute, und daughter Elizabeth married
1761, Francis B. LeCain, who.se first wife was Alicia Maria Hyde, and
lived in Annapolis. Sarah married Abel Wheelock.
Isaac Fostkr, born in Jlassachusetts, 1728, married in New Hamp-
shire, October 31, 1754, Mehitablo Worthing (dau. of Sanmel). He died
1819. Chil(hen:
i. Benjamin, b. May 24, 1755, m. (1st) Jan. 2:i, 177(>, Elizabeth, dau.
of Col. Philip Riuii;irdson, (2nd) Mary Pamela, dau. of Edward
Robinson anci Mary Chandler, widow of John Park : Ch. : J ,
Mehitable, b. May B, 1778, m. Abraiii Chute ; 2, Elizabeth, b,
Sept. 1, 1780, m. James Taylor ; 3, Benjamin, b. Aug. 2, 1782,
m. Mary, dau. of Samuel Randall ; 4, Sanmel, b. Sept. 9, 1784,
m. (Ist) March 17, 1805, Lydia Chute (dau. of John), (2nd)
Dec. 4, 1835, Catherine, dau. of Thomas Crips, d. July 29, 1879 ;
5, Susanna, b. Aug. 31, 1786, m. Francis Tupper (son of Charles);
fi, Mary, b. Dec. 2\), 1788, m. Samuel Tupper (brother to Francis);
7, Isaac, b. April 9. 1791, m. Oct. (5, 1814, Elizabeth, dau. of
John Patterson, d. Nov. 19, 18G7 ; 8, Abiier, b. May 9th, 1793,
m. (1st) Oct. 29, 1818, Sarah, dau. of Benjamin Wheelock, (2nd)
Katie Elliot ; 9, Lucy, b. May 24, 1795, m. 1816, William Wood
worth, son of Eleazer ; 10, Solomon F., b. Aug. 3, 1797, m. Susan
Phinney, dau. of Zaccheus ; 11, Philip, b. July 3, 1799, m. Susan
dau. of Wilham Frail ; 12, Helen F., b. Aug. 3, 1801, d. Dec. 10,
1833 ; 13, Catherine, b. Nov. 28, 1804, m. Enoch, son of Gardner
Dodge.
;i. Jacob, b, 1757, d. 1759.
iii. Sarah, b. Aug. 15, 1760, m. 1779, John Adams.
iv. Isaac, b. Aug. 24, 1763, m. 1790, Betsey, dau. of William Gilliatt :
Ch. : 1, Charles, b. about 1795, m. (1st) 1820, Mary, dau. of
Henry Banks, (2nd) Mary Ann Green ; 2, Mary, b. 1797, m.
Charles, son of John Dunn ; 3, Betsey M., b. 1799, m. Daniel
Vaughan ; 4, Hannah, b. 1801, m. Edward, son of Samuel Foster ;
5, Ann, b. Aug. 20, 1803, d. Sept. 16, 1889 ; 6, Archie G., b.
1805, d. 1811 ; 7, Jerusha, b. April 7, 1807, m. Phinea.s, son of
Thomas Phinney ; 8, William, b. Dec. 27, 1813, m. Hannah
Huntington,
v. Mehitable, b. March 23, 1766, m. Oct. 29, 1786, Thos. Phinney (son
of Isaac and Anna).
vi. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 17, 1768, m. Dec. 24, 1789, Jordan, son of
Abednego Bicketson.
512 FOSTER.
vii. Samuel, b. Oct. 1, 1770, m. Eliaiboth Wilson : Ch.: 1, Edward W.,
in. Hannah, daii. of latiac Fustur, jun. ; 2, Margarut, ni. Ariel
Corbitt ; -i, C'lark ; 4, Mary, m. Edward Bruce ; r», Zipporah,
ni. Edward (>illiatt ; (>, Matilda, ni. John Milner ; 7, Eliza, ni.
Richard Armstrong ; 8, Juhn ; i), Ichabud Curbitt, in. Hannah
Allen,
viii. Oliver, b. May 1, 1773, m. (Ist) Cynthia, dau. of Israel Fellows,
(2nd) Elizabeth, dau. of Daniel Saunders, had ch. : 1, David, b.
June 1», 17S>7, ni. (Ist) 1827, Mary Clarke, (2nd) Azubah Whee-
lock ; 2, Cynthia, b. March 24, 17»0, ni. Job Randall ; o, Archi-
bald Maraden, b. April J4, 1801, in. Eliza Bent ; 4, Ann, b. July
1, 180S, m. William, b. 17i>4, son of Fred. Fitch ; f), Maria, b.
Aug. 2.S, 18<»7, died April 25, 1822 ; 6, Jerusha, b. May 1!». 1809,
in. July 18, 182», Henry, son of Win. Ruffee, 3 ch. ; 7, Robert
H., b. March 5, 1812, in. Elizabeth Hall (dau. of John) ; 8, Susan,
b. Nov. 8, 1813, ni. Israel, son of Joseph Bent ; (by 2iid wife) :
9, Oliver, b. 1817, m. Betsey Woodbury ; 10, Israel, b. 181i>,
m. (1st) Minetta, dau. of Asa Foster, wid. of Obadiah Moore,
jun., (2nd) Aim Manning, wid. of Ainsley Brown ; 11, Mary
Ann, b. 1821, in. (Ist) William Morse, (2nd) J. M. Brown ; 12,
Daniel J., b. 1824, m. Mary J. Edgerly ; 13, Charles William, b.
182«.
ix. Asa, b. Nov. 24, 177«'>, m. .luly 20, 17!)8, Rhoda Hicks, and lived
below Bridgetown, farmer and mill-owner, d. Sept. 20, 1854: Ch. :
1, Harriet, b. April 2(i, i7!*'J, in. Nathan, son ot Amos and Susan
Randall ; 2, Irene, b. March 17, 1802, m. Charles, son of Maurice
Peters ; 3, Avicia, b. (Jet. 12, 1804, m. Jaiiies Peters (bro. of
Charles) ; 4. William Worthing, b. Aug. 15, 1800, m (1st)
Harriet Calvert, 1837 (2iid) Hannah Wheelock (dau. of Asaph);
5, Susan Ann, b. Sept. 16, 1808, in. 1833, Jacob, son of Benjamin
Foster, jun. ; 0, Louisa Jane, b. May 4, 1811, m. Binea Chute ;
7, Minetta, b. Feb. 7, 1813, m. (1st) Obadiah Morse, jun., (2nd)
Israel Foster; 8, Oliver G.. b. Dec. 11, 181(5, m. Eliphal Ann
Chute, d. (Bayhani, Ont.) 1894; 9, S. Matilda, b. Dee. 10, 1818,
m. J. M. Chute; 10, Leah, b. Jan. 27, 1820 ; 11, Eliza, b. March
5, 1823, m. Jan. 30, 1850, Charles, son of Theodore Hill.
EzKKiEL Foster, b. in Massachusetts about 1730, d. Jan. 29, 1819, m.
(1st) in Hampstead, N.H., Oct. 31, 1754, Mary Roberts, (2nd) Sept.
30, 1770, Ruth, dau. of William Farn.sworth. Children:
i. Sarah, b. 1756, d. 1760.
ii. Marthft. b. Aug. 13, 1757, m. Ttenjamin Chute.
iii. John, b. in New Hampshire, March 29, 1760, m. Dec. 26, 1781,
Elizabi 'h, dau. of Abednego Ricketsoi., a minister in tlie Meth-
odist Church, d. Sept. 29, 1827 ; Ch. : I, Ph<ebe, b. May 28, 1783,
d. June ; 2, John, b. A})ril 11. 1784, m. July 14, 1813, Sarah
Brown, d. F« h. 21, 18"? ; 3, Ruth, b. Aug. 12, 1787, in. May 21,
1807, Walter Wilkins ; 4. Phebe, b. Jan. 28, 1790, m. 182.", James
Roach ; 6, Frederick, b. May 13, 1792, m. 1814, Rache' Benedict,
5 ch. ; 6, Willis, b. Nov. 15, 1794, m. (Ist) 1826, Susrt'>i.a, dau.
of V/ni. Pierce, (2nd) Nancy, dau. of Ezra Foster, 5 ch. ; 7,
Elizabeth, b. Dec. 23, 1796, m. Oct. 10, 1817, James, son of Win.
Pierce ; 8, Henry, b. May 20, 1799, m, March 15, 1827, Jane
, Truesdale ; 9, Ezekiel, b. July 26, 1801, m. Sept. 5, 1822, Eliza,
dau. of John and Margaret Dugan ; 10, Mary Ann, b. Jan. 10,
1804, m. Jan. 1, 1829, Zebulon Neily ; 11, Bayard, b. July 8,
1808, m. Mary Ann, dau. of Ezra F. Foster.
roSTER — (JATfiS. 513
iv. Eztikiel, jiin., h. Miircli .'«), 17«W, ni. Miiy, IHOM, Eliwilwtli Bivcnn,
dull, of Jimeph Driiig: Ch.: 1, TIk.iiiiih, h. IH04, in. Fel.. I'i, 1827,
Miuy, (Ihu. i)f Koiijiiinin Wlioolock ; 2, K/.ih, h. IHiYJ, in. Nov. H,
18.'U, Htiiiniili Bohiikur (diiii. of Michiiul) ; ',i, Kliwihutli Ann, li.
mM, 111. Abel Whoolofk (bro. of Miiry) ; 4, Miiry F., I). 1811, in.
Willimii BiiiikH; 5, Tiiiiiiir B., in. Buiijaiiiin IliiiulHll; (i, Krhuliiidii,
b. 181«, (1. Miiy », 184« ; 7, A«lol|.lius W., b. 1818, in. Ciin.linc,
(lull, of Joimtlmn Woodbury ; 8, Israel, b. 1821, d. 1822 ; i»,
Mivrtliit, b. 1824, in. Kev. Ituiiiu McC'ivnii.
V. .losojdi, b. Oct. 18, 1771, 111. Jane, dan. of Mosoh Ray: Ch.: 1,
Until, b. 175MJ, d. March, 1814 ; 2, Ezekiel, b. 175«», in. June 21,
1821, Mary A. VVatorH ; li, Jane, b. 1801, in. Abel Wheeh.ck (son
of John) ; 4, Hannah, b. 18()2, in. Newconib Bent; 5, Joseph, b.
1805, 111. Ziliiah, <lau. of Michael Martin ; «, John M., b. 1807,
111. Lucilla, dau. of Fairfield, son of Jonathan VVoodbiiry ; 7, Sophia
Ann, b. 1807, ni. Edward, son of Michael Martin ; 8, Exra, !>. Sept.,
1814, 111. (Ist) Mary Ann Burkitt, (2nd) Mary Ann VanBuskirk.
vi. Ezra Farnsworth, b. Aug. 1, 1773, m. Jan. 24, 1708, Suwuina, dau.
of John Troop: Ch. : 1, Nancy, b. .Jan. 2fi, 17!H>, in. Jan. 20, 1HX\,
Willis, son of John Foster ; 2, Gilbert, b. Sept. 10, 180O, d. 1805;
a, Uufus, b. June 3, 1802, lu. Aug. 4, 1838, Jhristian Tough (4
sons, one J. G. Fosteu, Esq., Judge of Probate, Halifax) ; 4, Mary
Ann, b. 1804, ni. Bayanl Foster ; 6, William Young, b. May 23,
1800, 111. Minett^i, dau. of Seth Leonard ; 0, George, b. Aug. 18,
1808, d. uniii.; 7, Lucy. b. Aug. 2, 1810, in. William Tough ; 8,
Eunice, b. Oct. 25, 1812, in. Fred. L. B. Vrooiii (son of (Jeorge) ;
0, Israel, b. May 8, 1815, d. young ; 10, Frances Eliza, b. July 0,
1817, in. William Vroom (bro. to Frederic) ; 11, Susanna, b. July
1, 1822, unm.
Gates. 1. Stkphbn Gates, with wife Ann, and children Tlioniiis and
Simon, came over in tlie Diliyent in 1G38 from Norwich, P]ngland, to
Hingham, 'and tiience to Cambridge, Mass., and died 16(52. Capt. Old-
ham Gates, born in Cambridge, 171G, was his great-grandscm, through his
son Simon and grandson Amos, who married 1 703, Hannah, daughter of
Samuel Oldham, her mother lieing Hannah Dana. Oldham Gates
inr.rried (1st) 1745, Mehitable, daughter of Jolm Trowbridge, (2nd)
Patience (or Frauoes) Bartlett, (3rd) Thankful A(him.s, (4th) Jennie Dow
or Dowe, (5th) Jemima Potts, widow. He arrived here as early as 1760,
and in 1763 he was commissioned Captain of the militia. (According to
the "Chute Genealogies" he was in 1775 in the Royal forces, and
wounded at Bunker Hill ; but I would suggest some nephew, perhaps son
of his brother Amos, for that distinction. — Ed.) He was a grantee in
both divisionii of the township, and about 1783 sold liis lands in tlie first
division and removed to those assigned hinx in the second divisitm, the
Nictaux district. One of his sons, Oldham, and thnv grandsons, sons of
his son Jolin, settled on the North Mountain, north of Middleton, and
gave their name to that portion of it. They were the founders of Port
George, wliich, it is to be regretted, was not called Gatesville in their
lionour. In 1812 Charles Do<lge and the brothers Gates built tlie first
vessel ever launched there, and perhaps the first ever built on the whole
33
514
OATRS.
North Mountivin. Hhe wim intt'iitled for a privateer (h(*«> \k l!H(i). He liiul
children:
{2)
IV.
V.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
X.
•lonaH, h. 1746.
Dorotiiy, 111. Kdwitril Whitman, sen.
Jniiieg, I). 175.'!, in. llacliel FitltiH, aiul liviid in Mulvern Si|imi'u : (-h. :
1, John, III. Catherine Smith (dnu. of FrnneiHHiulg.-i'.iiii.of Aimtin);
2, bt'njaniin, in. Klizaheth (iouchur; 'A, Ruth, in. John, Hon of
Daviil and Amy Rjindall ; 4, Mary, in. Alux. Chtrk ; 5, Klla, m.
Samuel Miller ; K, ( )ldhain, in. Lavinia McNeill ; 7, llachel, d.
1822 ; 8, Daniel, m. Harriet, dau. of Stephen Jotfei-Hon ; i>, Kli»i,
d. young ; 10, Sarah, in. John Hayes.
By Necond wife :
.lohn, 1>. according to "Chute GonealogiuH," in 175H, m. Judith
Baker : Ch. : 1, JanieH, h. 178:1, in. Mary Warrl ; 2. EliaH, h. 1785,
III. (lat) Hannah Wanl, (2nd) Olivia HurHt, ne'r FariiHworth ; li,
Jacob, h. March 7, 1788, m. (iHt) Mary Brt)wn, (2iid) Mary Pierce ;
4, Azuba, h. 1780, in. Ward Wheelock, (son of Rlian) ; 5, Ann, in.
Jonathan, Hon of AiiHtin Smith ; b, SuHiinna, in. William Pierce,
tun.; 7, SilaH, in. Sarah, dau. of Joel FaniHWoith.
iy third wife ;
Amos, in. Margaret liarley (no isHue).
Mary, b. 1758, m. E/.ekiel Brown.
Thankful, b. 17ttO, in. Paul Cnicker, jun., lived in Aylesfoi-d.
Hannah, b. about 17<S3, in. Benjamin FaleH.
Oldham, jun., b. 1765, m. (iBt)Iiachel, dau. of George Stronach, (2nd)
Eleanor, dau. of John Slocuin : Ch. : 1, George, b. 18<)7, in. Louisa,
dau. of Isaac LanderH ; 2, R^ichel, m. Samuel Bowlby ; ',i, Lavinia,
b. Jan. 3, 1815, m. John W. Bowlby ; 4, Maria, b. Sept. 15, 1816,
m. John H. Potter ; 5, William, b. 1818, m. (Ist) Sarah E., dau. of
Ambrose Gates, (2nd) Susan, dau. of Win. Hawkins ; 6, Amos, b.
1820, d. 1848 ; 7, Sarah E,, b. 1822, m. William VanBuskirk, 8,
Caleb, b. 1824, in. Anna, dau. of Andretis Bohaker ; 9^ Sustm, b.
Nov. 10, 1826, ni. George Roach ; 10, John S., b. June 28, 1828,
unni.
Samuel, b. 1772, m. July 16, 1797, Sarah, cbiu. of William Morshall :
Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. July 16, 1799, m. 1818, Willai-d Graves ; 2,
Ambrose, b. Dec. 20, 1802, m. l&JO, R;ichel, dau. of John Cropley ;
8, Amoret, b. Jan. 26, 1804, m. Edward, son of Joseph Brown ; 4,
Samuel, b. Aug. 8, 1807, d. abroad ; 5, William, b. Sept. 26, 1810,
m. Mary, dau. of John Clark, removed to Michigan or California ;
6, Willett, I). Aug. 25, 1814, in. 1844, Mary, dau. of Joseph
Neily ; 7, Sarah Ann, b. Dec. 18, 1819, m. Daniel, son of Enoch
Wood.
2. Jonas Gates, son of Captain Oldham, born probably at Spencer,
Mass., 1746, married Hepzibah Baker, died about 1823. Children:
i. John, b. about 1785, m. Elizabeth Fales, d. almut 1836 : Ch. : 1,
Ruth, m. (Ist) Levi Phinney, (2nd) Betsey Marshall ; 2, Ann, m.
Thomas, son of Richard Bowlby ; 3, Caroline, m. Joseph, son of
Stephen Goucher ; 4, Joseph Diniock, m. Eliza, dau. of James
and Rachel Ray ; 6, Burton, d. young ; 6, Enoch, m. Mary Eliza
Marshall (dau. of William, jun.); 7, Evaline, m. George S. Phinney ;
8, Mary, m. Oliver Randall ; 9, Elijah, m. Eliza, dau. of John
Elagan ; 10, Hepzibah, in. John, son of John Spinney.
(lATKM— (IKSXKU. ')15
ii. TlioiniiH, tn. .Iiiiiu IH, im\, Miuy Ann 'VfitiKuHkirk : Cli.: I, T.
Ilitndluy Chipiiiiiii, I). .Iiiiio IT*, \H\)ii, in. Miiry iliirdy Miiritliiill ;
•2, MeliiU))lu, h. Oct. 2, 1H(M>, in. Oliver Krowii ; :t, I'liulie, h.
.luiio Id, IHOH, 111. Will. Cook ; 4, liinlishobii, I). Mar.hr), 1H«0,
III. Klijiih Downey ; Ti, Tlioniiia Aimluy, It. Miiich (1, IKl'J, iii.
KYviii i)o\viiuy ; 0, £)li/.iilietli, )>. .Miircli 'Ji'i, 1HI4, in. .lolin Itiiker,
juii. ; 7, Hoiiry, 1). Doc 7, IHlTi, in.; H, Uurtis, h. Folt. Jl, IH18,
111. ill Mnino; !t, (ieori^o Neily, 1). Fob. 'J'.i, IHi'O, ni. in Maine ; 10.
Itev. Lawrence Vanli , h. lH2:t ; 11, Su.shii, ni. (Seorgc Moynton
(Ontiirio).
iii. Meliitiililo, in. ClmileH Dodge.
iv. SiiAun, b. .Inn., I77H, m. Nutiiiin RiiiidHll.
V. Sariili, b. 17H(i, in .John lloii;,'li.
vi. Elizabetli, 1>. 17i*4, in. (Jeorgo Neily (son of .losepli).
vii. Prudence, b. 17!H), in. Willinin, noii of .lohn McKoiiiiii.
viii. Hepzibfili, b. 17!>7, ni. (I.st) William Stronacli, ('Jnd) Ephraim
Downie.
ix. Jo.sepii, III. IHlil, Hultlii Urown, d. IHtiO, aged about 70: Ch. :
7 Nona and 2 dauH.
X. Henry, ui. (Ist) Mary Van Horne Tuppor, (2iid) duly (J, 1H1;{,
Mercy, dan. of William liurteaux ; was M.P. P. for township of
Annapolis one term : (Jli. : 4 sons and 4 dau.s., jiio Enwi.v CJates,
Eh(|., High HheritFof the County of Annapolis.
(tKHNKK. Tlie (lesners of Aniuipi)liM C'jiintv are descended from
Henkuick Ges.vkh, II nativo of (lorinaiiy who settled in New York, in
1709. A son John married Famitcha Brauer, of New York, of lespectahle
Dutch orij^in, and two of the nine children of this inarriaye — Henry
and Abuaham, twins horn in 17r)G -ol)taiiied coinniissions in one of the
loyal regiments, and came to Nova Scotia in 1783. Henry settled in
Cornwallis.* Abraham's biography will be found among the memoirs of
the M. P.P's. He married 178G, Elizabeth Steadman, and had chiUlren :
i. Hannah, b. 1787, d. 188.'5, in. John Troop,
ii. Famitcha, b. 1788, d. 1879, in. Andrew Walker,
iii. Jacob, b. 1791, m. Elizabeth Trites (Westmoreland, N.B.) : Ch. :
I, Catherine, m. 1837, Abraham Jones ; 2, Elizabeth Caroline, m.
1844, William Henry Ben; ; 3, Thomas, m. 1855, Olive Cutler ;
4, Isaa". Ml. 1852, Mary Farrell ; 5, Malcolm, in. 1855, Eliza
Thome ; G, Edward, m. Elizabeth Murdoch ; 7, Abraham, m.
18G0, Barbara Wallace ; 8, Jacob, m. 18G2, Catharine Carpenter ;
9, Margaret, in. Mariner Hicks ; 10, William, m. Sophia Briggs ;
II, Alice, m. Alfred B.^nnell.
iv. Elizabeth, b. 1793, d. 1883, u:iin.
V. Maria, b. 1795, d. 1880, unm.
vi. Henry, b. 1797, d. 18H9, m. Mary Bent,
vii. Horatia, b. 1799, m. John Henry Ditmars.
viii Caroline, b. 1802, ni. Moses Shaw, M.P.P.
* Henry, m. ip f'ornwallis, i 80, Sarah Pineo, and died 1850. They had oh.: 1,
RelMicca, b. 1787, m. Elkanah Terry; 2, John Henry, b. 1789; 3, Elizabeth, b.
1791, ni. Hon. Samuel Chipinan ; 4, David Henry; 5, Famitcha, b. 1795, m. 1821,
Benjamin Coasitt ; 6, Dr. Abraham, the distinguished naturalist, b. 1797, ni.
Sophia, dau. of Dr. J. Webster, and d. 1864 ; 7, (iibbs Henry, b. 1799 ; 8, Sarah C,
b. ISli'J, m. Dr. Carr ; 9, Henry, h. 1804, m. Kidston ; 10, Ann Maria, b. 1806,
m. Edward Hamilton ; 11, Lucy, b. 1809; 12, Charlotte Ann, b. 1813, m, Samuel
Barnaby.— [Ed.]
510 (iESNER— OILLIArr.
ix. Iwmc, h. 1804, *«l. IH24, unm.
X. Abriihiiin, b. IHtH't, m. CliriHtiiiii Viiiiii^, d. |8r>.'t : Ch.: 1, Ann, m.
.Iiilin Covi-rt ; 2, llorHtia, ni. (Seor^u lii-nt ; .'i, Mury (iritHNie, m,
•losuph Kuiiiiutt ; 4, FHiiiitcliii NibrDiittt, iii. liinii'N (iordon ;
r>, AbriliHin, unin. ; (t, Ihhhu, hi. F'runooH tlit/.lcwiuHl
xi. Du Fidiieoy Mixuly, li. |H(M>, in. (1st) Lucy A. Jiimgley, (2nil) .limo
Kii^lfMon : Ch.: 1, Kli/.iibtith, I). lMi!>, iinni, ; 2, Snniuul, m.
Kli/abuth Hrinton, mr C'hiitt) ; M, Fiiniitcha, in. John /. Itoiit ;
4, Leiiiidur, iiiiin.; 5, Mitry, uiiin. ; (t, Rupurt Durby, in. Haniiuh
Ciivert ; 7, Alien, m WfttHon JonoH ; 8, Percy Ku}{i!iic, nnin. ; (by
2iid wife) : !>, .Iiicob Valentino, iinm. ; 10, Ktlith May ; 11, Arthur
Wuftluy ; 12, Hannah (SliidiH ; l.'t. HeHHiu Maud.
xii. (ioor^e I'rovost, b. 1812, d. 1882, ni. Phebe Ytinn(| : Ch.: 1, .lames
Edward ; 2, Ann Anijliii, in Jacob Boehner ; .'i, Marj^aret •lane,
III. Alfred Hunt ; 4, AgnoM Kiiiina, in, Albert D. Munroe ; fi, Wil-
liam Young, m. Mary Ann Ley ; 0, Elizabeth Cordelia I^wrence,
III. •loliii H. (lesner ; 7, Horatio Nelson, in. (Ist) Anna Roop (no
iKNue), (2iid) Margaret Rent ; 8, George Rawlingfi, in. Ania/.etta
Hazelwood ; 0, Annanilla, in. Sylvester Rent ; 10, Maria R., ni.
Norman Roop ; 11, Abraham Van D., d. unm.; 12, Seth Leonard,
d. unm.; l.'i, .lohn Henry, in. Fluretta Hawke.
(■iLi.iATT. William (iILLIatt was born in Yurkshiie, 1738, ciiine to
(iianville iibout 1774, and .settled on a farm in (Jranville, on which the
homestead is still occupied by his descendants. He married in England
Rebecca Appleby, born 1743, and had children (of whom perhaps three
were born in Knghind) :
i. Eliaibeth, b. 17H0, m. Isanc Foster.
ii. Williani, h. 1771, m. 1801, Lydia Potter : Ch.: 1, Susanna, b. 1802,
ni. William Henry Shipley ; 2, Mary Ann, b. 1805, m. William
Franklin Potter ; 3, Josejih, b. 1807, m. Kexiah Witherspoon ;
4, Rebecca, b. 1809, m. (Ist) Walter Willett, (2nd) Samuel Hall ;
5, David, b. 1811, m. Mary Ann Hardwick ; 0, Israel, b. 1813, m.
Sarah Potter ; 7, William Allen, b. 1816, in. Olivia Phinney ;
8, .Tames, b. 1817, m. Jerusha Kinsman.
iii. Mary, b. 1773, m. .John Wheelock.
iv. Rebecca, b. 1774, m. Douwo Amberman.f
V. Ann, b. 177(i, ni. Thomas Hamilton,
vi. John, b. 1778, m. Susan Potter: Ch.: 1, Eliza, in.; 2, Esther, m.;
3, Ann, in. ; 4, Harriet, m. Nelson Miller ; 5, John, m. Sabina
Benson ; C, Edmund, m. Susan Dunn ; 7, Warren, d. unm.;
8, James, d. unm.
vii. Catharine, b. 1780, in. James Van Blarcom.
viii. Thomas, b. 1782, m. Catharine Webber : Ch. : 1, James, m. Mar-
garet Anderson; 2, William, m. Susan Starr; 3, Jeremiah, m. ;
4, Thomas Henry, m. (ist) Zipporah Foster, (2nd) Mary Ann
Corbitt ; 6, Catharine m. Silas Potter ; 6, Mary Magdalen, m.
.Tosiah .T. Ruggles ; 7, Christopher, in. Miry Ann Potter.
ix. Hannah, b. 1784.
X. Sarah, b. 1786, m. Stephen Parker. '
t Douwe Ainberman, 1). in the old colony of New York, of Dutch or German
origin, came to (iranville probably with father and brothers. Loyalists: Ch. : 1,
Mary Ann, b. 1801 ; 2, William, b. 1803 ; 3, Paul, b. 1805 ; 4, Jane, m. Robert
Mills (son of William); .5, Sarah A., b. 1807; 8, Douwe, m. Elizabeth Letteney
(dau. of William) ; 9, Catharine, b. 1811 ; 10, David, b. 1813; 11, John, b. 1816.
(ill-LIATT— OOUCHKB. 517
xi. Miolmol ?>. I78!>, m. IHIO, Amoliiv Parker: Ch.: I, Rubeucn Ann,
I). IHIO, III. .lolin Olivur : 2, Williuin. Ii. IHl.'l, in. iMaiKurut
I'lirkur ; •'<, .lolui VVunley, l>. IHltl, in. LouiHit MtiiikH ; 4, •litiiion,
I). 1HH», III. (1st) SuHiin Sjmrr, (iJinl) Martha Chiito (no Insuc) ; 5,
KdiiiiiiMl, h. 1H2.'<, III. Aiiiorut Cliiitu ; <t, (Suorge, h. 18'J*1, in.
.Sophia /wicker.
(JouriiKH. KuwAKU luul Htki'IIKn Oouciikk came to the county in
178;J. Thoy may have been son.s or l)rothers of tlie Joseph Oouclier, a
Loyalist, who was a yraiitee of Ht. John at the saint' period, Stephen
named a son Joseph. SrKPiifc.v UoL'ciikh, b. 17G-', in. 178'*, Mary <>a^e,
b. 1764, d. 1H»8. Children;
i. VViliiain, b. 1785, m. Muhitablo Crocker Cli. : 1, Susan, in. .facob
.lowut ; 2, Mary, iii. .'oliii Hrown ; .'{, Wesley, d. umiii.; 4,
Rebecca, d. uiiiii.; 5, fjindley, d. uiiin. ; (I, .'oliii, d, uniii.; 7,
Jaiiiefl, III. Maria Weaver ; 8, Phobe, in. Dimifl Ward ; 0, Maria,
in. Uitliert Early ; lU, David, in. (Ist) Eli/.itl)uth McUranahain,
(2nd) Uurtha ( J raves ; 11, Alplieus, in. Rachel Marshall; 12,
Wosiey, in. Maggie VVilkins.
ii. Edward, b. 1787, m. Mary Raker: C'h. ; 1, Lovicia , 2, Reis, in.
(Ist) Flannanan, (2nd) Elizabeth Woodbury ; 3, Seraph, in,
Leason Baker ; 4, Elizabeth, in. Diinuck Banks ; 5, Ann, m.
Samuel L. Tilley.
iii. Joseph, b. 178!), in. Caroline fJatea (dau. of John); Ch, : 1, Eliza-
beth, in. William Steplieiisoii ; 2, Dimock, iii. Martha Saunders ;
.'{, Rosanna, m. .lohn Welsh, of Digby ; 4, Henry, in. Margaret
i'arker ; 5, Rlv. John, m. Angelina Marshall ; 6, Mary, m.
SilvanuN Miinroe ; 7, Iiiglis, m. Ella Tilley,
iv. Manley, b. 17t)l, in. Susan Randall ; Cli.; 1, Ambrose, m. (1st)
Amanda Palmer, (2nd) Mary Tilley ; 2, (ieorge, m. (Ist) Augusta
Nichols, (2nd) Lavinia Nichols ; Ii, Sidney, m. Fannie Goucher ;
4, James, in. Abigail Parker ; 5, Charles, m. Edna Burkett (no
issue); <>, Sarah Jane, iii. Samuel Patterson ; 7, Lavinia, m. Job
Randall ; 8, Sophia, d. uniu. ; {), Margaret, d. unin.; 10, — , d.
UIIIII.
v. David, b. 179-'l, in. Mary Ann Gage : Ch. : 1, Phebe, in. James
Upton ; 2, Charles, m. Bessie Perkins ; .1, Fannie, m. Sidney
Goucher ; 4, George, m. Anna White ; 6, Frederic, d. unni.
vi. John, m. I'iadama Wiggins,
vii. Elizabeth, b. 17'.>7, m. Renjaniin Gates,
viii. Hannah, b. 17!M), m. William McKenna.
ix. Phebe, b. 1802, m. John Simmons.
Edward CtOUCiier, married Hannah Wilson, and had children ;
i. Rebecca, m. (Ist) George Starratf,, (2nd) AVilliam Phinney.
ii. Mary, m. James Armstrong.
iii. John, m. (Ist) Naiijy Grimes, (2nd) Nancy Grimes, her niece :
Ch.; 1, — , d. unm. ; 2, Rev. Walter, m. Sarah Saunders; 3,
Hannah, d. unm.; 4, William, m. (1st) Phebe Swallow, (2nd)
Sophia Ocker ; 6, Rev. John, in. -- (lives in England, where he is
rector «)f a parish) ; G, Rebecca, in. Peter Margeson ; 7, James,
m. Elizabeth Durland ; 8, Mary Ann, in. Silas Margeson ; 9,
Hugh Parker, in. Mary Trask.
318 HALL.
Hall. 1. Jonx Hall came here in 1760 with his brother Zechariah,
from Medford, Mass., and settled in Lower Granville. (See memoir, page
336.) He was descended from Nathaniel Hall, who came from Kngland
to Dorchester, INlass., in 1634, through his son tJohn, who was born in
1626, ra. April 2, 1656, Elizabeth, dan. of Percival and Ellen Greer,
and was "select-man" of Medford in 1690; and grandson John, b.
Dec. 13, 1660, who m. Jemima, dau. of Joseph Sill ; and great-grandson
John, who was l)orn 1690, and ni. 17-'0, Elizabeth, dau. of Timothy
Walker; was a representative, liad J) other children, and d. Aug. 8, 1746.
One of his children, b. 1730, d. in Boston, 1792, m. Abigail Brooks, may
have been the Joseph whose name is in the capitation tax list of xVnnap-
olis in 1792. John, fourth of the name in lineal order, was born 1720,
and m. (1st) 1746, Mary Keizer, who died 1782, aged 62, (2nd) about
1790, Mary Kelley, widow of James Delap, and died 1792. Children ;
(2) i. John, b. July 24, 1747.
ii. Henry, b. June 29, 1749, d. 1841. unni.
iii. Moses, b. Nov. 28, 1750, m. Martha Sprague.
iv. Aaron, b. 1752. These two did not come to Nova Scotia.
v. Mary, b. 1755, d. 1757.
vi. Lucy, b. 1757, ni. George Wooster.
vii. Samuel, b. 1759, d. 17«0.
viii. Elizabeth, b. 1761, in N.S., ni. Capt. Henry Harrisj Bear River.
(3) ix. James, b. 1764.
(4) X. Samuel, b. 1767.
Perhaps David Hall, b. May 30, 1746, and Thomas, b. Aug. 14, 1748,
were also of this family.
2. John Hall was born July 24, 1747, and in ^773 m. Elizabeth,
dau. of William Pritchard, and lived in Granville. Children :
i. John Taylor, b. 1774, d. young,
ii, Mary, b. 1770, d. 1779.
iii. ElizHbeth, b. 1778, d. 1800.
iv. Atalanta, b. 1780, ni. William Porter,
v. William, b. 1783, d. young.
vi. Joseph Cossins, b. 1786, ni. (Ist) Hannah Shafner, (2nd) Deborah
Calkins: Ch. : 1, John, m. Catherine Longley ; 2, Hannah, m.
William Henry Munroe ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Ann, m. Ryder ;
4, Margaret, nj. Asa Porter ; 5, Eliza, m. John Croscup.
vii. George Wooster, b. 1785 (twin*), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Joseph
Thomas: Ch.: 1, Sarah, m. Daniel Kennedy; 2, Elizabeth, m.
William Blaney ; 3, Martha, m. Andrew Randall ; 4, Joseph, m.
(1st) Priscilla Cushing, (2nd) Abigail Young, lu'e Litch ; 6,
Armanilla, d. unin ; 6, George, d uum. ; 7, Mary Ann, m.
Isaac Vroom.
viii. Moses, b. 1787, m. Sybil, dau. of James Thome : Ch. : Elizabeth P.,
b. 1831, n». John H. Foster,
ix. Thomas, b. 1790, d. 1866, unm.
X. Sarah, m. (1st) Daniel, son of Andreas Bohaker, d. 1812, (2nd)
John Croscup.
xi. Lucy, m. Daniel Croscup.
xii. Martha, m George Croscup.
* St. .Luke's church record has " twins of John Hall, bpd. July 1, 1798."
HALL. SID
3. Jamrs Hall was l)orn in 1704, aiul in. (1st) 171)0, Havilah Shnw,
(2n(l) 1816, Mary Dolap; was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1807.
Mr. Miliidge, Ciistos of the County, in a repoi-t to the Governor, advised
against Mr. Hall's appointment as a magistrate on account of his alleged
democratic principles, and because he was a " Newlight." The loyalty
of these seceders from old Congregationalism was suspected. He died in
1846. Children:
i. Mivry Kei/.er, 1>. 17!*1, ni. Sfimuel, son of John Morehouse.
ii. David Shaw, b. l?!*-'*, in. (1st) Catherine Wade (2nd) Susan HiiII,
lu'e Reed, (.'^rd) Mrs. Lawrence : Cli. : 1, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1810,
ni. J. Fletcher Batli, J. P.; 2, James Henry, b. 1820, m. (1st)
1842, Mary S. Cutler; li, Edward Fell.>w.s'b, 1822, m. Jerusha
Tupper ; 4, David lloid, b. 1828, d. 18;« ; 5, Mary Jane, b. 18;i2.
iii. James Harris, b. 17!>.'3, m. Jane, dau. of Jamea Thorn : Ch.: 1,
James, b. 1823, ni. Ann W. DeForeat ; 2, David Harris, b. 1824,
m. Su.san Mary Gove ; .'i, Stephen S. , b. 182i), ni. Havilah Shaw
Fellows ; 4, Havilah, b. 18:28, d. unm. ; 5, Annie Maria, b. 1830,
m. George DoForest.
iv. Mehitable Patten, b. 17!>7, m. Stephen Sneden Thorne, M.P.P.
v. Elizabeth Catharine, b. 17!'!», m. James Delap, M.P.P.
vi. Ann Phinney, b. 18(K), m. Israel Fellows,
vii. Thomas Harris, b. 1802, m. Susanna Ileid : Ch. : 1, Lucy, m. Robert
Mills, J. P.; and others,
viii. Lawrence, b. 1804, m. 1828, Ann Eliza Eaton : Ch : 1, Edward H.,
b. 1820, m. Caroline Hall, d. 1884 ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 18.'{0, d.
1833 ; 3, Harris, b. 1832, ni. Batiiia Mechie, d. 1868 ; 4, Law-
rence, b. 1835, m. twice, ; 5, Jacob, b. 1837, d. 1838 ; G, Jacob V.,
b. 1830, d. 1850 ; 7, Charles W., b. 1841, m. Eliza Wing, d. 1877 ;
8, Samuel, b. 1844, m. Alice, dau. of Tarbell Wheelock ; 7, Mary
Ann, b. 1847, m. George Hoyt.
ix. Zebina, b. 1807, m. Sarah Harris (diu. of Alpheus): Ch. : 1, Zebina
S., m. Georgina Carlisle : 2, Alpheus Harris, m. Sarah Banks
(Newfoundland) ; 3, Havilah, ni. David Bath ; 4, Lucille, ni.
Henry Fairweather ; 5, Henry, d. unm. ; 0, Elvidge, d. unm. ; 7,
Stej)hen, m. Elizabeth Macdonald ; 8, William, m. Sophia Duncan.
X. William Henry, b. 1800, m. Ann Robblee : Ch.: 1, Moses Shaw,
m. Frances ; 2, Thomas Harris, m. Emma Kate Estabrooks.
xi. Jo.seph Reid, b. 1812, m. Susan Robblee: Ch.: 1, Mary Havilah,
m. William Smith ; 2, Susan, d. unm. ; 3, Hannah Jane, ni.
George W. Mills ; 4, James Reid, m. Elizabeth Pritchard Hall ;.
5, Laura Jud.son, m. Nelson Lutz.
xii. Samuel, b. 1815, m. Louisa Hall: Ch.: 1, Mary Ann, m. West( a
A. Fowler.
By second wife :
xiii. Joseph, b. 1819. m. Phebe Shaw,
xiv. Havilah, b. 1826, d. young.
4. Samuel Hall, b. 1767, ra. 1791, Ruth Hicks (dau. of John), who
was born 1765, d. 1856. Children :
i. Weston, b. 1792, m. 1810, Sarah, dau. of James Delap: Ch.: 1,
Elizabeth, b. 1818, m. Robert Foster ; 2, Louisa Jane, b. 1821,
m. (1st) Samuel Hall, (2nd) Daniel Clark ; 3, Sarah Ann, b. 1824,
m. Stephen Eaton ; 4, James Weston, b. 1829, d. unm. ; 6, Ruth,
b. 183.3, m. William Winchester.
520 HALL— HARDWICK.
ii. Hannah, b. 1794, m. (Ist) Robert, son of James Delap, (2nil) Robert
Randall.
iii. Henry, b. 1705, ni. Nancy, dau. of James Eaton : Ch. : 1, Lucy Ann,
b. 182(>, m. Joseph Robblee ; 2, Stephen, b. 1829, d. unm.; 3,
Watson, d. unin.; 4, Moses, b. 1831, ni. Frances Murphy; 5,
Caroline, b. 1835, m David Dolap ; (5, Henry, b. 1837, m. Eliza-
beth Fowler ; 7, Edward, d. unni.; 8, John, d. unm.; !), Hannah,
m. Stephen Blaney.
iv. Nancy, b. 179(5, m. Thomas Young.
V. Phebe, b. 1798, m. James, son of Sylvester Wade.
vi. Samuel, b. 1800, m. 1825, Temperance Delap (no issue).
vii. John, b. 1802, d. Oct., 18ti7, unm.
viii. Elizabeth, b. 1804, d. 1809.
ix. Elizabeth Ruth, b. 1809, m. Edward Eaton, J.P.
John Hall, progenitor of another family of the name, was a native (.f
the city of Bristol, England. He resided in the eastern section of the
county before 1790. In 1793 he married Nancy, daughter of the then
late Lieut.-Col. Henry Munroe, and settled on the North Mountain, near
the line between Wilnict and Granville. Children ;
i. John, b. 1795, m. 1817, Eleanor Clark : Ch.: 1, Sarah Ann, b. 1819,
d. unm.; 2, Mary Matilda, b. 1821, m. Eleazer Woodworth ; 3,
David, b. 1823, m. Ann Foster ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1825, m. William
Lawrence ; 5, John Allen, b. 1827, d. 1829 ; G, Eliza, b. 1829, m.
Charles Hogan ; 7, Elizabeth, b. 1832, unm. ; 8, William Clark,
d. unm.; 9, Uriah, m. Julia M. Graves.
ii. James, b. 1797, m. 1820, Mary Brown (dau. of George); Ch.: 1,
Peter, b. 1820, m. Almira Brown ; 2, Elizi, b. 1822, m. Dewitt ; 3,
George, b. 1823, m. Eliza Jane Johnston ; 4, Charles H., b. 1825,
m. (Ist) Loui.sa Roach, (2nd) Jane Messenger ; 5, Hezekiah, b.
1827, m. Lorena Gates; 0, Th mias, b. 1829, m. (Ist) Lizzie
Whitney, (2nd) Mary Wyman ; 7, Charlotte b. 1831, m. Solomon
Chute ; 8, Susan, b. 1832, m. George W. Wilson ; 9. Sarah Lavinia,
b. 1833. ni. Robert Early ; 10, Mary Matilda, b. 183«i, m. George
W. Wilson ; 11, James, m. Barbara Easson ; 12, Samantha, d.
unm.
iii. Henry, b. 1799, m. Seraphina Brown: Ch.: 1, Charles Wesley, m.
(1st) Sarah Beardsley, (2nd) Harriet Snow ; 2, Susanna, m. David
Hamilton ; 3, John H., m. Naomi Ogilby ; 4, Rev. William E.,
m. Margaret Bass (dau. of George).
iv. William, b. 1801, m. Mary Farnswo-.th : Ch. : 1, Solomon, m. Mary
Jane Fisher; 2, Manning, d. unm.; 3, John W. (in Australia);
4, Mary Eliza, m. Samuel Haines ; 5, Jacob Reis, m. Armanilla
Reagh ; 0, Sarah Ann, m. Elkana Bowlby ; 7, William, unm. ; 8,
Joshua C, d. unm.; 9, George, d. unm.; 10, George, d. unm.
V. Mary, b. 1803. m. William Cropley.
vi. Charlotte, b. 1805, m. Josejjh Hoffman,
vii. Ann, b. 1807, m. Peter Margeson.
Hardwick. The oldest census returns for the township of Annapolis,
those for 1767, state the household of Heinrich or Henry Hardwick to
consist of five members, of whom two were of foreign birtli. (I should
have taken Hardwick for a purely English name, but if the Christian
name was spelt Heinrich, it must have been in this instance German ;
HAKDWICK — HARRIS. 521
especially if " foreign," was meant to indicate that they were born outside
the King's dominions, and not merely outside the Province. Harttman,
the maiden name of his wife, is certainly German. — Ed.) He obtained
lands probiibly within the limits of the banlieue, and soon became a
prosperous farmer. Children :
i. Henry, m. 1798, Ann Berteaux : Ch.: 1, Ann, b, 1790, m. .John
Lockwood ; 2, Thomas, b. 1800, d. unm. ; 3, William Henry, b.
1802, m. Barbara Easaon ; 4, Edward, b. 1804, m. (Ist) Jane
Dickie, (2iid) Hannah Marshall ; 5, James, b. 180<i, m. (Ist)
Rebecca Dickie, (2nd) Olivia Fellows, (Urd) Rebecca McLatchy ;
0, Louisa, b. 1808, m. Nathan Tupper ; 7, Alexander, b. 1810, ni.
Harriet Troop ; 8, Guorgo, b. 1813, m. Susan, dau. of Andrew
Henderson ; !>, Charlotte, b. 1815, ni. William Bent ; 10, Mary
Jane, b. 1820, m. George, son of Andrew Henderson.
ii. Frederic, ni. 1801, Sarah Easson : Ch.: 1, Catharine, b. 1802, d.
unm. ; 2, Christina, b. 1804, m. William Whitman ; 3, Bethiah,
b. 1807, d. unm. ; 4, William, b. 1809, m. (1st) Elizabeth Simpson,
(2nd) Charlotte Fairn ; 5, Henry Petre, b. 181 1, m. Maria Fleet ;
0, Andrew Bierdman, b. 1813, m. Caroline Whitman ; 7, Hen-
rietta, b. 1815, m. David Fitzrandolph ; 8, Frederic, b, 1817,
unm.; 9, James, b, 1819, m. Sarah Coleman, nee Brown;
10, Mary Ann, b. 1821, m. David Gilliatt ; 11, Alfred, b. 1821,
m. Mary Eliza Potter ; 12, Edmund, b. 1823, m. Mary Elizabeth
Hard wick,
iii. John, m. Mary Balcom : Ch. : 1, Mary, m. William Berteaux ;
2, Elizabeth, ni. Elias Bent ; 3, Henry, m. 1825, Eliza Easaon ;
4, Josiah, m. Henrietta Starratt ; 5, John, m. Jane Neily, tu-e
Burchill ; 0, Susan, m. Jacob Starratt ; 7, James, m. Susan
Si/Arratt.
iv. Lucretia, m. John Kent.
v. Slary, m. Zara Kent.
Harkls. Tliree families of Harris settled in Annapolis County dur-
ing the latter part of the last century. 1, John Harris, the progenitor
of the oldest of these families, came before 1755. According to the
memoir of John Harris, M.P.P., Thomas, one of his sons, was Adjutant
of Militia in 1776, during the threatened invasion of that and the
following year, and John, another son, was a Deputy Crown Land
Surveyor from the time of the arrival of the Loyalists. He was married
in, or before, 1752, and had sons :
(2) i. Thomas, b. probably 1753.
(3) ii. John, jun.
(4) iii. Henry, b. 1767.
2. Thomas Harris, born probably 1753, may have been the second
but probably the eldest son of John, sen. He married about 1775, Mary
LeCain, and had children :
i. Capt. John, b. 1775, or 1776, m. 1799, Mary Shaw : Ch. : 1, Thomas
(lived in Eastport) ; 2, Henry, d. (at sea) unm. ; 3, Nelson, d. (at
sea) unm. ; 4, Charles B., d. (in Ontario) ; 5, John McNamara, m.
522 HARRIS.
Diailaiim McDitrmand ; <», Moses, m. (Ist) Rachel Rice, <'2n(l
Sdpliia Rico ; 7, Isaiuh, d. miiii, ; 8, Mary, in. George Ryerson ;
5), Susan, ^\. uiini.
ii. Tliomiis, h. 1777, d. (abroad) uniii.
'^. John Hahhis, Jrv., date of birth unknown, but a .loiin Hiirris,
according to the church rt'cords, was buried .Sept. 5, \S'2'2, aged 70. He
mariied (l«t) Maria Dunn, (2nd) Mary De Lancey. Children :
By first wife :
i. Henry, u. 17«0, d. 17!>7.
ii. Polly, b. 1781, lu. John Briii,
iii. Sarah, b. 17«t), bpd. April 7, 1787, d. 1808.
iv. John, b. 178li, d. 1808.
V. (ieorge, b, 1788, m. Sarah Parknr : Cli.: 1, Stephen, ni. Catharine
Potter ; 2, Lydia, ui. (Ist) I.srael Chute, (iJnd) Alexander Ro.ss ;
3, John, ni. Mary A. Balconi (dau. of Henry) ; 4, Sarah Ann, ni.
^V il'.; un Miller ; 5, Elizabeth, m. Williiun Henry Balcoin ;
<). George H. , ni. (Ist) Lovicia Balconi, (2nd) Harriet Parker,
(3rd) Mary Parker ; 7, Mary, m. Caleb S. Phinney ; 8, David, ni.
Angelina Troop ; 9, Alden, in. Sophia Allison.
vi. Letititt, 1 1790, d. 1700.
By second wife :
vii. Charlotte, b. 1792, ni. William Davis,
viii. Mary Ann, b. 1794, d. 1797.
\\. Ann Seabury, b. 179(5, d. 1798.
X. Ji.nes DeLancey, b. 1799, d. Dec, 18;V2, in. Mary Woodbury (wlio
after his death in. Win. B. Perkins) : Ch. : 1, Isabel, b. 1822, in.
J.. Millidge Harris ; 2, Charlotte, b. 1824, in. Robert Longley ;
3, DeLancey, b. 1827, m. Mehitable Walker ; 4, ATary W.,b. 1829,
111. Cory Odcll ; 7, James Bonnett, in, Ann Eliza Pitman.
4. Henry Harris, b. 1757, in. 1783, Elizabeth Hall (dau. of John),
and probably inherited the homestead. Children :
i. Mary, b. 1784, m. Edward Morgan.
ii. Joseph Hall, b. 1785, bpd. Dec. 12, m. Elizabeth Clark : Ch. :
1, Richard, ni. Sarah Ann Brennan ; 2, William Henry, m. (1st)
Rachel Beals, (2nd) Amoret Banks ; 3, Mary, ni. Isaac Beals ;
4, Henrietta, m. William H. Dunn ; 5, Elizabeth Jane, m. (1st)
Elizabeth Turnbull, (2nd) David Rice ; G, Louisa, m. Edmund E.
Johnston ; 7, Abigail, m. Israel McFadden.
iii. James, b. 1787, m. (Ist) Maria Clarke, (2nd) Sarah Green : Ch. :
1, Edward, m. (1st) Maria Lumley, (2nd) Sarah — ; 2, Nancy, m.
Elisha Woodbury ; 3, Louisa, m. Joseph Godfrey ; 4, Harriet,
m. William Crouse ; 5, Sutclifte, ni. Rebecca Pitman ; G, Matilda,
m. George A. Purdy ; 7, Susan, m. Richard Clark ; (by 2nd wife) :
8, Isaac Seth, d. unm. ; 9, Albert, m. Frances M. Ryerson ;
10, Leah. m. William F. Rice ; 11, Robert, d. unm.; 12, Emnia,^
m. Silas Parker.
iv. William Henry, b. 1788, bpd. Sept. 7, m. (Ist), 1810, Hannah
Hetrick, (2nd), 1829, Ann Pine : Ch.: 1, Samuel Andrew, b. 1811,
m. April 30, 1834, Eliza Rice ; 2, Elijah, b. 1813, m. Mary
Crouse ; 3, Thomas, b. 1814, m. (Ist) Keziah Troop, (2nd)
Angelina Oakes, ne'e Keinpton ; 4, John Millidge, b. 1824, m.
Isabel Harris (no issue) ; 5, Hannah, b. 1826, m. John Troop (no
issue); G, Wallace, b. 1828, m. Sophia Reed ; 7, Eliza Ann, m.
Henry Copeland.
HAURIS. 52.S
V. Kiimuel, 1). 17SK), in. Dehhy Ann McAUster (in Ontario),
vi. Elizabeth, h. 17»2, Vjul. .Ian. 17, 17n:<, m. John Cnity.
vii. John Vankirk, b. 17'.M, bpd. Sept. 14, in. Jane Holmes (in
Ontario),
viii. Lucy, b. 17i*ti, ni. Robert Ludlow Harris.
ix. Amelia, b. 17'.W, d. unm.
X. Ann, b. 1801, m. Abraham Spurr.
Samuel Hakkim came to Annapolis in 17C0 or 1761. He had married
in 1755, Mary Cook, daughter of Caleb Cook, descendant of Francis
Cook of the Af(n/JIower, and was himself a great-grandson of Arthur
Harris, who came from Plymouth, Devorshire, England, to New England,
and was of Duxbury, Mass., in 1G40, and one of the original proprietors
of Jii idgewater, and first settlers of West IJridgewater, 1G52 Arthur's
son Lsaac, born about 1044, married Mercy, daughter of Robert Latham.
Mercy Latham's mother was Susannah, daughter of John Winslow, and
granddaughter of Mary Chilton, who, according to tradition, was the
first person to land on " Plymouth Rock." Tsa^c had a son Sixniuel, born
about 1669, who married, in 1710, Abigail Harden. Their son Samuel,
born in Bridgewater, ^lass., 1728, moved to Plympton, thence to Boston,
thence to Nova Scotia, with wife and three children. More than fifty
years afterwards his eldest son was elected a member of the Provincial
Parliament for the township of Annapolis. (See his memoirs.) Other
de.scendants have kept up tlie honours of the name. John S. Harris,
founder of the great iron foundry and car factory of Harris it Allan,
St. John, N.B. ; Michael S. Harris and his sons, prominent merchants at
Moncton, N.B., and one leading lawyer, one leading clergyman, and one
able physician in this province testify to the far-reaching importance of
the migration to Annapolis County of Samuel Harris. Children :
i. John, b. 1758, m. (1st) Oct. 30, 1785, Abigail, dau. of Michael
Spurr, (2nd) Aug. 3, 1806, Anna, dau. of William Letteney :
Ch. : 1, Sarah, b. Aug. 20, 1786, m. Robert Jeflerson, juii. ;
2, John Spurr, b. Dec. 23, 1787,* m. Jan. 27, 1814, Christina,
dau. of John Conrad Ueterick ; 3, Josiah, b. Dec. 24, 1789, d.
Sept. 22, 1808 ; 4. Harriet (or Henrietta), b. Dec. 27, 1791, m.
Edmund Ward Johnson, of Digby County ; 5, (ieorge, m. (1st)
June 25, 1819, Elizabeth Whitman, (2nd) Anna Purdy (no issue) ;
6, Arzarehah Morse, b. Feb. 13, 1796, ni. Anna Vaughan, Provi-
dence, R.I., d. in Boston ; 7, Anna, b. Feb. 25, 1798, m. (Ist)
Asaph Whitman, (2nd) John Whitman ; 8, Horatio Nelson, b.
April 20, 1800, ni. Ann Maria Robinson ; 9, Caroline (twin of
H. Nelson), m. Spinney Whitman ; (by 2nd wife) : 10, Evans, b.
1807, d. 1807 ; 11, Sidney Smith, b. Dec. 8, 1808, m. about 1834,
Sarah Allen ; 12, Arthur William, b. Jan. 7, iSlO, m. Oct. 22,
1833, Caroline, dau. of Phineas Oakes, J.P. ; 13, Alexander, b.
March 24, 1813, m. Helen Augusta Berteaux ; 14, Hannah Eliza,
b. Feb. 16, 1815, m. Dec. 16, 1834, Phineas Lovett Oakes ; 15,
Philip Richardson, b. Jan. 16, 1818, m. Oct. 14, 1841, Charlotte
A., dau. of Jasper Williams.
* The burial of a John Harris appears on the church record, February 3rd, 1839,
aged 52.
524) HARRIS.
ii. Lydia, b. 1759, m. 17»2, Robert Liiidley.
iii. Sylviii, b. 17(>0, lu. John Wright, from Hitlifax (had son, Stanloy,
whose iloscendauts are in Digby County).
iv. Sarah, b. 1701, m. Samuel Hill (MachiaH, Me.).
V. Sanniol, b. April 21, 17H3, d. Nov. 11, 1834. m. Jan. 4, 1708, Eliza-
beth Evans Jetterson (dau. of Robert) : C'li.: 1, Elizabeth J., b.
Dec. 12, 17"J8,d. April 25, 1855, unm. ; 2, Henry J., b. Sept. 11,
1800, d. July 27, 18:«t, aged ;«» ; 3, Stephen, b. 1802, d. 1803; 4,
Sarah J., b. Aug. «!, 1804, d. June 22, 184G ; 5, Mary A., b. July
14, 180(i, d. Nov. 25, 188!» ; (i, Josiah, b. Sept. 10, 1808, d. July
27, 1822 ; 7, Henrietta, b. March 2(!, 1811, d. 180(i ; 8, Robert
Jefferson, b. May 18, 1813, m. Rebecca, dau. of Col. Isaac Dit-
mars, and grand-niece of (Joveruor Peter D. Vroom, of New
Jersey ; 9, Samuel, b, April IG, 1815, d. May 20, 1877 ; 10, John,
b. Feb. 3, 1818, m. Aug. 9, 18G0, Sarah, dau. of Richard W. Jones,
of Wiyniouth ; 11, William, b. April 21, 1820, m. Phebe Ann
Witherspoon ; held prominent pusitions in County of Elgin,
Ontario, and he and Ins wife were honoured by a monument
erected by the citizens of loiia and vicinity in that county.
vi. Benjamin, b. 1704, m. Rachel Balcom (dau. of Silas): Ch. : 1, Thomas,
bpd. Sept. 23, 1780, m. Leaphy, dau. of John Roop ; 2, Sylvia,
ni. Nov. 3, 1825, James M. Potter ; 3, Frederic, b. about 1797,
d. about 1828, unm. ; 4, Christopher Prince, b. about 1800,
d. unm. ; 5, James Stanley, b. Oct. 25. 1803, m. Nov. 8, 1830,
Louisa Ann, dau. of Benjamin Wilson, of Dorchester, N.B. ;
0, Mary Emnirt, m. — Elliott.
vii. Christopher Prince, b. Aug. 8, 1707, m. July 25, 1791, Elizabeth,
dau. of Abraham Spurr, and lived on the Digby side of Bear
River : Ch. : 1, Robert Laidley, b. June 9, 1792, m. April 25,
1810, Lucy Hall, dau. of Henry Harris ; 2, Mary Amelia, b.
.June 25, 1794, m. Feb. 19, 1824, Andrew, son of John Hennigar ;
3, Jane Elizabeth, b. Dec. 23, 1790, m. Jan. 24. 1819, Joel, son of
Thomas McDormand ; 4, Ann, b. Sept. 20, 1799, m. Nov. 25,
1825, Thomas P. Williams, jun ; 5, Eliza, b. Feb. 9, 1802, d. Oct.
19, 1808; 0, Michael Spurr, b. Sept. 22, 1804 (mayor of Monet.. n,
etc.), m. in Annapolis, May 11, 1820, Sarah Ann, dau. of John
Troop, Esq. ; 7, Oeorge Davis, b. May 20, 1808, m. July 27, 1832,
Sophia H. M., dau. of Fred. Rupert, St. John, N.B. ; 8, Edmund
Reece, b. Jan. 23, 1811, m. Dec. 2.3, 1840, Susan, dau. of Rev.
Henry Saunders ; 9, Eliza Maria, b. Sept. 7. 1814, m. William
Short, from Plymouth, England ; 10, Benjamin James, b. March
2, 1817, m. Sept. 11, 1854, Susan Amanda, dau. of James Potter,
viii. .Joseph, twin of Christopher P., d. unm.
ix. Josiah, b. Aug., 1770, d. unm.
A third family of Harrises sprang from John Harris, a native of
Dublin, who was born about the middle of the last century, entered the
array, attained the rank of sergeant, fought in the l)attle of Bunker Hill,
and after twenty years' service, got his discharge in Annapolis, where his
company was then stationed, and soon after married Elizabeth Graves,
of Granville. Children :
i. Esther, pi. John Burkitt.
ii. Charlotte, m. (1st) Richard Hawkins (killed at the capture of
Castine), (2nd) James Moore.
iii. Rachel, m. James Ray.
iv. Susan, m. Edmund Morton.
HARRIS — HAWKESWORTH— HEALY. 62.'
V. .luhn, sottled and married in Maine.
vi. Davi'l, b. 18(M)t ni. Eliza Brown : Cli. : 1, John, in. Leah Bowlby ;
2, (Jeorgo, in. Mary Jane Spinney ; M, Williuin, ni. fJortrutle
(Jraves ; 4, Fletcher, d. unni. ; 5, Alon/.n, m. Mary Woodbury ;
(J, Rachel, in. Christopher McLean ; 7, Lavinia, in. (Jst) D'Arcy
Phinney, (2nd) Napoleon Morris; 8, Asa, d. unni. ; 9, Mary Jane,
d. unin ; 10, Emma, d. unni. ; 11, David, d. unni.
vii. Thomas, b. 1802, m. Mary Howlby, b. 1808 : Ch. : 1. Charlotte,
d. unm ; 2, Kiiiina, d. unin. ; 3, Jame.s (abroad); 4, John, d. unin. ;
r>, Su.san, in. James Phinney ; <>. Richard, in. Mary Prime ;
7. Harriet, in. Ambrose Miller ; 8, Williani, in. Cecilia Croploy.
viii. Eliza, in. Joseph Dodge.
Hawkesworth. Adam Hawkkswortii, born a^ont 1740 in Yorkshire,
came to Nova Scotia in 176.'5, with liis wife, Elizabeth Wedge wood, and
lived in Annapolis and Diju;by counties. He died about 1805. Children ;
i. Hannah, b. 17'>4, m. James Smith,
ii. Elizabeth, b. 17<)5, m. Richard Bowlby.
iii. .John, b. 17(>8, m. Sarah Slocomb : Ch. : 1, Adam Hueston, b. 17{'5,
in. Mary Slocomb, 3 ch. ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 17y'.>, ni. Robert
Douglas ; 3, John Slocomb, b. 1803, in. Ruby Clark ; 4, George,
h. 180fi, m. Hannah Young ; 6, Joshua, b. 1808, m. (1st) Mary
McCormick (dau. of Daniel), 9 ch., (2nd) Rachel McCorinick (dau.
of John),
iv. George, b. 1773, m. Catherine Zeiglar,
V. Sarah, b. 1775, m. Daniel Durland.
vi. Mary, b. 1777, m. Cephas Welton.
vii. Ann, b. 1782, in. — McBride.
viii. Ruby, b. 1785, m. John Slocomb.
Hkaly. This family comes from a very ancient and eminent Devon-
shire stock. The name has in some generations been spelt Hele. It is
entirely distinct from the Irish family of tlio same name, although they
both may have been descended fi'om a Norman ancestor, one of whose
sons may have settled in Ireland. But it is stated on the authority
of so great a genealogist and herald as Burke, that the family possessed
the manor of Heale or Hele in the Parish of Brudich, North Devon,
long before the Conquest, hence the name, de la Hele. Burke assigns to
a family of Healy a coat of arms very nearly the same as that of Hele.
William Heley, b. 1613, was of Marshfiold, Mass., in 1613, and of
Roxbury in 1649. He was married five times : (1st) 1643, Grace Ives,
of Watertown ; (2nd) 1650, Mary Roger? (daughter of Rev. Nathaniel),
who left a son William, b. 1652; (3rd) 1653, Grace Buttrice, who left
a son Nathaniel, b. 1659; (4th) 1661, Phebe Green, who left sons,
Samuel, b. 1662, and Paul, b. 1664; (5th) 1667, Sarah Brown, of
Hampton, N.H. Ebenezer Healy,* from Marblehead, Mass., who
was among the first grantees of Yarmouth, in 1762, was a descendant,
* His daughter Hannah inarrietl Wm. Haskeli, and was the mother of the Editor's
mother's motlier. Allen Haley, Esq., M.P. , of Windsor, is from his son Comfort,
through Jeremiah, and Allen, sen.
.')2fi HEAF.Y — HICKS.
hut through wliicli of these sons I do not know.* He married (Sruce
Holcynt for his second wife, and his fourth son, .John IIkaly, removed
early to (Ininville. He married (l.st) 17!)"), Mary Morrinoa, i). Sept.
IT), 177.'l, d. 179r) ; (2nd) Mary, tlau. of Henjamin Itrown 1st, an ori;rinal
jjrantee of Yarmouth, who d. 17'.)7 : she was horn 177.'{ and died 1803 ;
(3rd) Sarah Andi i-son ; and hurl children :
i. .losiah, b. 17i>"), m. .lane Konm-ily : Gli. : 1, Daniel, d. unni. ; 2, .John,
III. Angelina Shafnur ; 3, Margarof ni. Ruhert Dulap.
Hy second wife :
ii. Eli/.abtith, b. 17'<)H, in. .lames Morrison.
iii. .lohn, b. 17'-l!l, d. uiiin.
iv. Mary Ann, b. 1801, in (1st) Honjamin Croscui), (2nd) Thoiiiaa
Anthony, (Urd) .Janioa Antluiiiy.
V. Grace Matilda, h. 180.'}, d. unin.
liy third wife :
vi. Ebenozor, b. 1805, d. unm.
vii. Mary, b. 180(>, m. William Fash.
viii. Isaac William, b. 1808, m. (1st) Amelia Keans, (2nd) Elizabeth
Crisp : Ch. ; 1, John Henry, b. 1830, iii. Sarah Jane Wiiitiiian ;
2, Joseph Ccmfort, b. 1837, m. — Armst'^ong ; 3, William C,
b. 1830, III. HenritJita VVhitinan ; 4, Anderson, in (1st) Litvinia
Anderson, (2iid) Isabella Elliott ; 5, Tlieron P., b. 1844, m. Anna
Jefferson ; 0, Eleanor Erena, b. 184(), m. Edward McDonnand ;
7, Charles, b. 1840, d. 18.V2; 8, Granville H., b. 1851, in. Elizibeth
Smith.
ix. Anderson, b. 1810, m. Mary Dellimer, several eh.
X. .foseph Ooiiitort, b. 1812, m. Eunice Bishop.
xi. Eliza Ann, m. William Roop.
xii. Charles William, m. Louisa Turi)lo.
Hicks. John Hicks was a descendant in the fifth gi 'ration from
Robert Hicks, who came to Plymouth colony from Bermondsey, South-
wark, London, in 1621, in the Fortune, which brought the second party
of Pilgrim Fathers, the line of de.scent being Samuel,'^ Thomas,^ Thomas.*
He is said to have been son of James, born about 1550, grandson of
Baptist, born about 1526, great-grandson of Thomas, born about 1470,
and great-great-grandson of John Hicks, who was descended from Ellis
Hicks, knighted by Edward the Bhick Prince after the battle of
Poictiers.} He married in Friends' Meeting, at Tiverton, R.I., in 1740,
Elizabeth Russell. He was in religion a Quaker, the first of that per-
suasion to settle in the county. (See further memoirs of John Hicks,
M.P.P., p. 334.) One of the family was fjundor of the sect of Quakers
called Hicksites. Three of his sons, John, Benjamin and Thomas, settled
in the township of Annapolis. His son Weston, born at Falmouth, in
1760, owned- the farm now occupied by his grandson, Weston A. Fowler,
* See " N. E. Historic-Genealogical Register " for 1892, p. 207.
t So Mr. Calnek says ; but I find a tradition that she was 2nd wife of Josiah
Hea'ey, the son or a brothf >• of the grantee of Yarmouth. — ^[Ed.]
:!: Chute Genealogies,
HICKS — HOW. 527
and was miiny yoiirs in tlu! Commission of tlie Peaco. TIigso ni«n wore
leckotKMl among our wealthiest and must successful fai'mcrs in tlie latter
part of the last century : Children :
i. Hnmmh.
ii. Kphraiin, li. 1744.
iii. Sotii, li. 174t>.
iv. Itussoil, h. 1747.
V. I'atifnee, h. 17t>2.
vi. Ik'nJHiiiin. 1>. 17r>0, in. Eli/jilioth Morrison : Cli, : 1, Josupli, b. April
18, 177;*; 2, Arihibiilil, h. .luiio 1(1, 1774, ni. Helm KtnBon ;
^^, RuHSfll. 1). March 4, 177<i ; 4, Fimlliiy, h. Nov. 10, 1777, ni.
Tlierc-a Cinirch ; 5, lUnjiiniin, h. July 18, 1770 ; <>, Mary, b. May
'JO, 1781, ni. Parker Oakos ; 7, i^fth, b. April 1, 17WJ, d. March
I, 1H(K) ; 8, lliith, b. Dec. 24, 1784, d. March 11, 1812; !», Hannah,
b. April 10, 178(), ni. John .Sandors ; 1(», I'rudtncu, b. Feb. 1»,
178!». d. Sept. 5, 17!I0; 11, John, b. Sept. <i, 17!tO.
vii. John, b. Nov. 4, 1705. d. 1815, ni Surah Church, b. 17(i7, d. 181<.»:
Ch. : 1, Hannah, b 1778, n>. David Morse; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1780,
d. unui. ; .'<, Constant, b. 1783, ui. Eli/a Johnston ; 4, Martha, b.
1784, ni. David Jess; 5, Itobocea, b. 1787, d. 171K) ; (i, ,U>\m, b.
178!>, ni. (Ist) 1820, Phebe Clnirch, (2nd) Theresa Morse (dau. of
(Jbadiah); 7, Sarah. 1). 1701, d. 1813; 8, Mary, b. 17!»4, in. John
Lockhart; 0, Lucinda, b. 1700, in. John Church ; 10, Margaret,
b. 1707, ni. Abner Morse (son of Obadiah).
viii. Thomas, b. 1758 or 1750, d. 182(i, aged (57, m. 1778, Sarah Chute :
Ch. ; 1, Patience, b. 1778, ni. James Chesley ; 2, Sarah, b. Feb.
II, 1780, in, John Rice ; 3, Mary, b. Feb. 23, 1783, m. Nicholas,
Haines ; 4, Ruby, b. Jan. 20, 1786, m. Asa Foster ; 5, .lob, b. Fob.
3, 178(), in. 1800, Bridget Burrows ; 0, Susan, b. 1788, m. John
Rice; 7, Charles, b. April 7, 1790, in. Mary Kirk ; 8, Aino)ia,
b. Juno 0, 1703, m. David Welch ; 0, Gilbert, b. Feb. 1, 1705,
d. 1834, unm. ; 10, Harriet, b. 1707, m. John Murdo< h ; U,
Joseph, b. June 10, 1700, in. Lavinia L.'^ngley ; 1'?. Horatio Nelson,
b. July 20, 1801, 111. Elizabeth Mongard.
ix. John Weston, h. 1700.
, X. Hannah, b. 1703, d. unm.
xi. Ruth, b. 1705, d. unm.
Edward How— Hia Family and Times. Two How or Howe families
hiave lived and prospered in Nova Scotia. Of the elder of these — elder
in the time of its domiciliation here — I desire now to give some account.
Of the latter, everybody knows that it was of Loyalist antecedents, and
that its most distinguished member became, in his last days, lieutenant-
governor of his native province, after a brilliant political career, during
which he conferred upon it many a boon and benefit not soon to be
forgotten by a grateful and appreciative people.
"John How, or Howe, of Hodinhule, or Hodinhull, in Warwickshire,
was one of the early settlers of Massachusetts, and his son John was one
of the original proprietors and settlers of the town of Sudbury, in that
province. He took the freeman's oath in May, 1640, and was select-man
and marshal in 1642. He was one of the thirteen inhabitants of said
■town who petitioned for a tract of eight miles square for the town of
52H HOW.
IMarllKiro' ; niul, acoonliiij^ to tnwlition, the first English p-i-s*)!! who ciune
to reside in that town. He lived near tiie Indian planMition tields, con-
ciliating Ity liis prudence and kindn<>ss liisHavag(> neighbours and enjoying
their liighest respect and confidence, being iniule their um|>ir{« in all their
differences. In 10(51 he was appointed to keep a house of entertainment,
and kept the same when there were but two houses betwtien his tavern
and Worcester. His descendants occupied the same place for many
generaticms. He died alnrnt lOMC) (his will was proved in 1681)), and ho
Iiiid by his wife Mary, wiiodied aUmt IfiOH, twelve children liorn between
1041 and 166.1, ten sons and two daughters, of whom the second son,
Samuel, liorn Oct. '20, 164'J, married Martha Bent in 166."{, and had in
Sudbury, before 167r), seven children, of whom the seventh, David, born
Nov. 2, 1674, married Hepzibah Death* in 1700, and kept the 'How
Tavern,'! at Sudbury, which has been continued by his de.scendants of the
same name, upon the same spot, to the pre.sent time (1850), the same
being now kept by Lyman How, Esij. He had si.x children between 1702
and 1721, of whom David, the fifth child, married Abigail Hubbard,
March 15, 1742 or 1743, and had ten children: Bulkeley, Persis, Peter,
Abigail, Joseph, Israel, Alice, David, Reliecca and Lucy."
The subject of my memoir was prrbablyan elder brother of David
How who married Hepzibah Death, utid therefore Inslongs to the eldest
branch of the family.
" The descendants of John How, living in Marlboro' and iu other
towns in the vicinity, are very numerous. They sustain, generally as is
believed, a reputation which reflects no dishonour upon their ancestry,
many of whom were distinguished as leading men in the new .settlements,
and all, as far as is known, as fearless and undaunted in times of peril
and alarm. Of the early raeml)ers of the family, John, the son of John
the first named, was killed in an engagement with the Indians in 1675.
Thomas, another son, was a colonel, sheriff, justice of the peace, and one
of the letiding men of the town of Marlboro' for many years.
" The coat of arms of John How, the original received from England
by him, being now in the possession of Lyman How, at the ' How Tavern,'
Sudbury, bears the following inscription : ' Creation. The most Noble
and Puissant Ld. Charles How, Erl. of Lancaster and Baron How of
Wormleighton, 1st Commissary of the Treasury, 1st Gentleman of ye
Bedchamber to his Majesty, Knight of the Garter, and one of ye, Govr.
of the Charter House. Created Baron of Wormleighton in the Co. of
Warwick, Nov. 18, 1606, in the 4th of James ye Ist, and Erl. of Lan-
caster, June 8, 1643, in ye 19th, Charles ye Ist, of this family, which
derived themselves from a younger branch of ye antient Baron Hows,
• A corruption of the Norman name D'Aeth. — [Ed ]
+The scene of Longfellow's " Tales of a Wayside Inn." —[Ed.]
now. 520
inoi) fainouH iniiny a;;'<>H siiicn in l''ri^'liui(l, 11111011^ wliich wimo i[iiu;li Mow,
tli(* fiillu'i' ami son, ^Ttiit favourites of Kin;; Kilwanl y<> 2m(I JoIiii Kov,
KH(|nirt', son to Jiilin Mow, of llodinlinl*', in tlir (,'0. of VV'aiwick, Ac'
Ariii'< he Ijt'iiiitli, -ir(//»'s a fiicvioii Ari/i'nt, In'tsvrcii tlii-cc rross-crosslt'tM
Or, tlirt't' wolf's licad • on ye saiii*' cifst on a wreath, a wyverii or l)raj,'on
pnrlid jx-r pale, Or and ]'n/, perccd tliroiij(li ye nioutli witli an arrow,
•hy tlic iianu' of How,' ye Wolfs art- y<' famous aims, ye crossli-ts foi'
j,'r»'at actions done l)y y<' Kil. Ac '*
So much for' the (•niioi)liMl ancestors of lh(* How families of Nova
Hcotia.t Kdwaid How, whose life was mainly passed in this county and
province, was horn in MassaiOiusetts toward the close of tht; sesenteentii
century. On liis arrival at Annapolis he was younj; ami unmarried. The
possession of Acadia hy tlit^ Kni:{lish meant to the peoph^ of th(> old
cohtnies a participation in its valuahht and jirotitahh; peltry trade, and
in its almost ine.xhaustihie fisheries, and some of them, in c(inse<|uence,
eagerly emhraceil the opportunity of setllinj; in it. Youn^ How appears
to have been one of these, and he seenis to have Hxed liis headipiarters at
the old capital. The precise time of his cominj^ is nowhere stated, but
it was prohal)ly between IT'JO and I7"i5. Here his l)usin«'ss transactions
with the Vvt'imh hnhituiis and Indians niad(Mi study of their respective
languages necessary, and Ik; successfully apj)lied himself to acipiiring a
knowledge of them. During this period he had cuitivatetl the acquaint-
ance and friendship of tlie meml)ers of the (ioverinnent, as well as of
the inhaliitan*^s of the town, and about IT.'W — perhaps a little earlier or
a little later — he inarrietl iMary Magdalen Winniett, the third or fourth
daughter of William Winniett, then and afterwards the leading vessel-
owner and merchant in all Acadia. From this time he began to be
regarded as a leading man in the community, aiul to be employed by
the Government (whom he appears to have kept posted on the schemes
and conduct of the French and Indians), whenever emergency required
Ilia aid. Xo man in the country had accjuired so great an influence over
the Indians, and the French inhabitants regarded him with much esteem
and confidence. This luscendancy was twofold, being based on his know-
ledge of their languages, and the integrity he uniformly exhibited in all
his dealings with them. The estimation in which he was held by the
Government procured him a seat at the Council IJoard in 17^56, a position
which he retained until his death in 1750, a period of fourteen years.
Previously, however, to his appointment to a seat in the Council he had
* The foregoing paragraphs liave heen cuiiipiletl and extracted from a work
entitled " Monioriul of the Morses," by the late Rev. Abner Morse, of Massa-
chuHetts.
+ Hon. Josepli Howe was rlescended from Abraham,' of Roxbury, Mass , supposed
to have been a native of Hatfield, Broad Oak, Essex, Englanil, through Isaac,''
Isaac," Joseph,* John,* the Loyalist.— [Ed.]
34
6M0 IH)W.
Iiiu'ti a rcMiiloiil of Ciiiiho for Hornn tiiii(>, wlinn) hn MM witli <M»mplHtn ttatin-
fitetion tu i\w (ir>v«rtiiiiHiit tlin otlii^HH of CoininiNxnry of Muil^rH, High
Nliiirin' or Provimt MiirNlxill, Justice of tlio Pence and Captain in tlin
militia. Ah a niiiKiNtnite at tliiN purioil lio touk occuNion to prumtrvo ttin
autliorityof tlit; civil over the military power. Aldridge, a captiiin in i\w
40th re^'imnnt, wa.s as commandant at CaUHo, charged hy Mow and othnrn
M'ith having deprived thuni of Horno «)f thuir civil righU*, and appealed
to liiuutenant-iiovernor Armstrong; at Annapolis to interfere on their
l)ehalf ; and to the honour of Arm.strong l>n it said he t<M)k innUmt sttepn
t(» Ntop the outrage. Me wrote to Aldridgn that he had asnuniod |)owerH
jot vested in Pliillips or himself, and told him that he hud alwnyn
referred civil mattem to the justices of the peace and a conunitttM) uf the
peo- '> at Canso. lie .said in addition that thu otiicorti in command were
entitled to sit us president in all the mcuttings on civil uHairs.
The reader is referred to pages 111 to 1 1 ■'< for an account of the
hattio of Oruntl Pre on the night of IVhruary 1 1th, 1747 ; of Mr. How's
jiosition there ns commissary of provisions, of his being wounded in the
titruggle, captured and exchanged. He was at that time also acting as
the judge in the Court of Vice- Admiralty, and was thenceforth frequently
en>raged in the conduct of matters of importance on hehulf uf the rulers
of the Province, and having a knowledge of iMtth the French and Micmao
tongues, he was enabled to conduct negotiations with the people of
those nations with better discretion, and a greater certainty of success
than one not so accomplished.
On the arrival of Cornwullis as governor in 1749, he was summoned
from Annapolis by that gentleman, and sworn as a member of the new
council which was then formed. Among the last acts of his useful and
active life was the negotiation of u new treaty with the Indian tribes
distributed along the northern shore of the liay of Fundy, or perhaps
more correctly to induce them to renew the treaty which they had ratified
in 1746. He succeeded in this mission, and at a council held on board
the Bnaufort, in Halifax harbor (no house had yet been built where the
city now stands), on the 14th of August, 1749, in reply to the first ques
tion put to the Bachems by the governor as to their object in coming to
see him, they replied*: "Captain How told us that your Excellency
ordered us to come, and we came in obedience to your orders."
The chiefs agreed to renew the treaty, and were told that after their
return Mr. How would be sent to them us the bearer of presents, in case
their tribes consented to ratify what they had agreed upon. In due time
he received the formal ratification by the Indians, and distributed the
gifts OS promised. An interesting incident occurred in connection with
his visit to the Indians of St. John River about this time. Cornwallis,
* See Nova Scotia Archives -printed volume— p. 672.
MOW. s:n
in liiH ii*>.i|>iitoh tu tliH l>uk«) of ItiMifonI, (iatml '2Utli Au^ufit, 1749, Myi :
" Your (iriicn will iluHirn to know wliiit liii|)|Mu><>ti nt St. John Hiver.
''I'ht'y ((/itptnin Kouh, (Mtinniiindor of tlin vhip AU>nny, and Mr. How)
found noli4Mly at the old fortH, and for Home time Haw no inhabitants at
all, French or Indian. At hut a Kr*>nch nchoont^r arriv«>«l with provinionH.
Captain IIouh took thA Hcho(<n<<r, and agr<*<Ml to roloaHo \wr, provided the
niaNt«>r would go up thu river and hrin^' down the French oflicem.
Aceordinf^ly the nitiHter went up in \\\n caiuie, an<l next day u Frnnoh
otBcer, with thirty niun and ITtO St. ilohn Indiann (Frenoli colourH flying)
oaine oppoHite to the Alhauy, and plantitd their oolourn on tho ahore
wittiin inuHket shot. Captain Houn Nent Mr. How to order them to
Ntriku their colourN. 'I'ht; utViuerN made great ditlicultit>H, and many
apologized. Captain How answered he did not come to reaiiun the
matter, hut to order it to lie done ; that he could not answer for the
oons«!(juonceH if it was not done immediately. The otiicer Iw^ggod him to
pro|K)Ho to Captain ilous to allow him to march hack with tlie coiourH
Hying, and he would return next day without them. How carried the
message to Captain R. jn, who repeated the order that the coiuurn should
he struck that minute, which was accordingly done.' "
The years 1747, 174H and 1749 witnessed m(«t determine<l efforts on
the part of the French to secure their alliance with the Indians, and to
inspire the hnhitanx of Acadia with the IM-Iiof that Franco would soon
drive tho Knglidi from the peninsula. Thoy idready claime<l all parts of
the country outside that district, and had erecte<l fortiKcations at Chig-
necto, and on tho Kivor Misse^fuash. In oi-der t«» carry out their purpo.se
in exciting the hostilities of the Indians, the (lovornor of Canada sent
Ltuis .Foseph do la lioutre, a priest whose long residence in the country
had made him familiar with the names, habits and languages uf those
people, to clinch them to their interests, and to use them as instruments
to iinoy and distress the F!* i^lish garrisons and settlers, especially to
Halifax, in 1749. To oppose this shrewd and wily agent, Governor
Cornwallis looked to Edward How for assistance. How possessed all the
goixl (|ualities of d>^ la Loutre without his bad ones, and was the only
man in the Province who possessed a tithe of the influence over the
alwrigines necessary to compete with the Frenchman, and he was there-
fore almost continually eu.ployed in distributing presents, and conducting
negotiations tending to cneckmate the doings of his antagonist during
the years named, and it was while discharging these duties that he met
with his sudden and untimely death.
A French officer,* connected with Ijouisburg, has left on recohl a
* Pichon, who could hardly be called % Frencli oificur, foT although ostensibly
sunh, he conducted a traitorous correapundenue with the English. He was a native
of Marsoilles, hut his mother was an English woman named Tyrrell. — [Ed.]
').'12 IK>W.
pruUtHt. iipiiiiHl. th<! lOiai';^)^ ihiii liis iMiurit.ryiiMMi in tli*i Mi<i'vir<' iit Rcaii
St'joiir, had any hand in tiiis (mik;! niuiiicr'. lie says: "What is not a
wi'cckfd piicst capal)!!- of doin^ ! Iit'(l><t hi Loiitrt!) (Hotlitul an Itidiin
named (Jopn * in an oIIIcmm'h n-jninH'iitaJH, and layinj,' an anii)usra(h' of"
Indians niNir to the fort, li<^ Hcnt (7opr to it, vvavin^^ a whitr handkn-
rhiff ill his hand, whii'h was thi^ usual si<{n for adiiiittaiKM^ of th<- l<'i'<'nch
into th<^ l<}nglish fort, liaviii<{ allairs with I ht; (-oinniaiidcr of th<' fort,
Tli« Majof of tho fort, a worthy niiiii, and greatly hclovt^d hy all thii
Kn^iich orti(!crH, taking (Jopi! for a i'^n-iich r)lli(;cr, canity out with his usual
polil<^n<-!'S to r(HM;ivo hiiii.t Itiit ho no soon)!!' apiicarrd than the Indians
in ainhiisli i'wt'ii at liiiii and killitd liiiii. All tho Kii-nch had tlir <{i'fatcst
horror and indignation at liH licaitro's harliarous actions, and I dare say
if th(! Ooiirt of l''niiioo liad known thoiii, they would liavt- liccn \<iy
far from approving; thoni, hut. Iit^ had so in^ratiaicd hiiusi'if with tho
Marijuis d(! la (■allissonnicro, that it liiH:iinio a i^rinio t.o write a^'ainst.
him."
The following is IIk; account, of this trageily as given hy <!overnor
C/ornwailis, in a d(\spat(^h to t.li)^ Duke of ISedford, dated Nov. 'J7tli,
I THO: " I have; now an afl'air of a more ext.raordinary nature to inform
you of. ('aptain Mow was em|)loyed upon tlu; expedition to Chit giieeto
UH knowing the (Miunlry well, and heiiig iH^ttcir a(;(|Uainled both with tin;
Indians and iiihahitants, and, por)r man, faneied he knew the l<'reiich
hetti'r, and |i(!rsonally thost; villains Ijh Ooi'ik; and La Ijout.re. His
whole aim and study was to try at a peace, with the Indians, an<l to get,
our [iriHoners -tut of their hands. l''or which purposes Ik; ha<l fretjuent
eonfi-rences witii lia lioulre and iUv. Krench otlieers iiiuh^r a (lag of triic<».
Captain How and the oHie(>rs held a ]iarley for some time
ucroHH tho river. How had no sooner taktMi htiivcMtf tlui olli(!((?', than a
party that lay perdiio fired a volley at him and shot him through tho
lieart,."
William (Jottc^rcill, then acting as Froviiieial Secretary, in a letter
und(!i' date, June .'t, I7>')4, atidresscd to Captain Otho Hamilton, of
Annapolis, to whom I^a lioutro had written (ixpressing a desire on his
part, to put a stop to the hostility of the Indians, which liiul iM^sultttd too
fr(M|uently in acts not r((oogiii/.(!d in the codi-.-i of oivili/ed waifare,
Hays : " Having ,so often expt^rit^nced his (La Loutre) proneness to all
iiianiior of misRliiof and ini<|uity, I do not helif^ve in his good intentions :
and I can for my own [lart assure you, that h«! made the very same pro
posal, nearly v(^rl>atim, that you liavt; now transniittttd, to Captain How
an<f mo at CI ^jjnecto ahout threis days before ho caused that horrible
* " Whom t saw hoiiiu yuarx afterwiirilH at Miruniichi— lins hair ciirlud, powilcred
ami ill a hug."
+ How is lioro Htylod " Major," iiiiil ('(»rnwiilliH ofU'.u cuHh liini " (/'aplaiii," why
I cannot tttll, as ! ion not award of IiIh liiiviiig any military rank.
now. .'i.'{.'{
liciirliciy l.<» Imi pi'ifMitiiiicfl n.i{aii>«l. poor Mow, wlio wiih drawn inl.o it,
iiiidf!!' II priil.ciH!!' of coiiffir'onco with liii liOiilro upon tliis vory Huhjuct."*
TIk' Had (1 vent. oo(uirr«d in Octolmr of Um year I7!((). IliH iintini«ily
dfiitJi left a l)laiik in Ui<^ .soridt.y of tlit^ old capital not. oasily fillod.
His widrtvv V aH Icfi. wit.ii a lar^^tf family of (tliildnsn, tlio younj^tiHt of
wliich was Wilt, a frw in!)nt.liH old, and who in aftrr yiNirs filh^d a pro
niiricnt phuM! in the country. Tho itlditst, daii;{ht.<>r, lK:lN)raii, iMtiwinio lh«
".vil'i- of Hannml ('ol.tnani, who wi.H a fa|ilain 'n t.h«! lOl.h n'^^init^nt so
Ion;.,' stationed at A.inapoliH, in whi.-ii pla(M! they were niarriful. Thfsro
was pr<ii)a)>ly another ilau^httM', w!io married VVinkworth Ton^t^ and was
liie motlHsr of W'iMiam Oottnam Tonj^*! (well known toward tlio cIoho of
tjie last contury, and during the first d(H;iui(!S of the pr<^s(!nt, as one of
tit" (lever men of the day), and tiie >^randniotlnM' of the elevctr younj;
poetess, (Jrisehla Ton^^e, whose (jarly death ahine prcjvented \u:v fntni fitly
ear\in^ her name on the shield of l''am(^
Of till! sfins, I think VVillia' i was the (sldnst, ;'•'<! It is inoro than
proliahle that lie and his hrotliers were s<!iit hy t!,> ir lather for (MJueat.ion
to I'.oston. 'i'his son s<fttled in what, is now known as tiie Oounty of
('iiiiih(!rland, where he married the widow of .losenh Morse, the founhr
of ,\mherst,. Her maid<;n naiiK! was Olive Mason, of Medtietld, iN'ii-iKa-
ehnsetts, and after the (;onlis<;ation of li(!r youn>4 husband's propnly 'or
t iTuson, she w(-nt t,o her native town, where she lived iint.il her di r.i ; in
IH()7, at the aK«) of eighty-three yciars. Her husband having failed m M.-i
wild attempt t,o bring this provine*! into line with tlu! revolted provirKici;
he was obligtid to (U'oss the borders, which hi^ did, and when;, having
oliiiiiiKtd the commission of a major, Ik; fought for the. revolutioniHt,s until
the ('lose of the stiuggUt. Whether Ik' left descendants '>r not I do not
know, nor when nor wIkm'o he diiMl. At the time of Ins treason, Ik; wiin
a coidiier, and sefiins t.o have been the iicnr nc^ighbour ivnd intimate friend
of the disafrected families thiiii residing there;. Mr. How's second son
was nam(;d Kdward, and lived and, 1 think, died in Annapolis. He was
gazetted a.lustice in the Oourtof Common l'h;as, on the IStli Kt;bruary,
l7Nr>, aiKl most probably <li(;d soon aft<;r, as I firKl •lohn liitcliie
appointed to the siiiik; office in 178(5. Ht; was jirobably n(;ver married.
Anothor son entered tlie military H«;rvice and was an officer in the lloyal
l-'usiliers tlu; s(;vc>ntli regiment <if foot and <li)>d abroad, probably
unmarried, .losefifi -who was the; youngest son but one entered the
navy as a lieuti;iiant on board If is Maj(;st.y'H ship Ijnviathan, and was
present at the groat naval engagement near Capo Trafalgar, in 1H05.
' \m t^oiitro'H npotdulNtH, iiotalily (''atlier Ntaiiliirit, a worthy prii.Mt, say thu
InilliiiiH alone were guilty, heiiig inHpiriiil hy rnligiiiiM fiiimtieiHin, How, nit tlioy
tliotiulit, liaving H|iokiiii irreveruntls of thu Virgin .M.iry foiirlueri yettm lieforu.
<8«e PiukiiiiirrH "Moiiteiilm and Woiro," Vol. I., p. 1 19).-| Kit. |
534 HOW — HOYT — JAMES.
He too died in the service, leaving no issue that I am aware of. A
memoir of his youngest son, Alexander Howe, M.P.P., appears on p. 355.
[There are many descendants of Edward How in the other provinces
of Canada of high social and official rank — among them, Theodore
Doucet, M.P.; his sister, Lady Middleton, wife of the late Commander-in-
chief ; the Courtess de Bligny, Edmund Barnard, Esq., Q.C.; Lieut.-Col.
Hughes, Chief of Police, Montreal ; Odilon Doucet, Esq., P.O. Depart-
ment, Ottawa; Antoine Prince, M.P.P.; Auguste Richard, Vice-Consul of
France, Winnipeg ; Canons Jean and Joel Prince, and Edouard Richard,
Author. — Ed.]
HoYT. Jesse Hoyt, born in 1744, married in 1764, Mary Raymond,
came here a Loyalist in 1783 from Norwalk, Conn. He was a descend-
ant in the sixth generation from Simon Hoyt who came to Charleston,
Mass., in 1628, and settled later at Scituate, and afterwards at Windsor,
Conn., the line being Simon,' Walter," Zerubbabel,'' Joseph,* James,' the
latter of whom, born perhaps about 1720, married 1743, Hannah Gould.
Children :
i. Silas, b. 1765, m. 1802, Jane, dau. of Sheriff Dickson, and settled
near Annapolis : Ch.: 1, Alexanaer Dickson, b. 1803, ni. 1827,
Sophia, dau. of Slophen Jones, J. P., and settled at Weymouth,
where his widow lives, in 1896, a. 102 ; 2, Polly Miller, b. 1805,
m. 1837, John Easson ; 3, Mary Ann, b. 1806, in. Benjamin
Fairn ; 4, James Frederic, b. 1809, m. Euphemia Stewart Eassun:
(Ch. : 1, Jesse, m. Clara Jane Cogswell ; 2, John Miller, m. Mary
Manning Drew ; 3, Alexander Easson, ni. (iteorgina Adeliiide
Tremain ; 4, William Hennj, m. Mary Hatch, of London, Eng. ;
5, Ag7ies Miller, m. George LeCain ; 6, James Alfred, m. Ele.-iU' r
Cochran ; 7, Zaidee, m. Frederic V. Tremain ; 8, Benjamin
Fairn; 9, Mary Jane, d. unm. ; 10, Fannie Helen); 5, William
Henry, b. 1811, m. Eliza J. Dcucet ; 6, Alfred, b. 1817, m. 1841,
Helen Edson ; 7, George, b. 1819, m. 1845, Maria Alfrida Doucet ;
8, Charles, b. 1822, m. Sarah Jane Quirk.
ii. Jesse, b. 1767, d. 1838, m. Irene Wheelock : Ch.: 1, Mary Ami,
b. 1805; 2, Harriet, b. 1808, m. James Smallie ; 3, Edward Miller,
b. 1810, m. Hannah R. Betts, lived in St. John, N.B.
iii. Mary, b. 1767, m. 1787, Nathan B. Miller.
iv. Hannah, b. 1774, d. 1777, at Huntingdon, L.I.
V. Frederic, b. 1776, d. unm. (lost in the woods at Weymouth and
perished).
vi. Hannah, b. 1775, d. 1779, at Oyster Bay, N.Y.
vii. Harriet, b. 1781, d. 1796.
viii. Alfred, b. 1783, at Annapolis, d. 1783, at Weymouth.
ix. Ann, b. 1784, m. 1814, Handly Chipman.
X. James Moody, b. 1789, m. Mary Nesbit.
James. See memoir of Benjamin James, M.P.P. He was born 1742,
and married, 1767, Elizabeth Wright, born 1743, and had children :
i. Elizabeth, b. 1768, m, Henry Sinclair,
ii. Benjamin, b. 1770, d. unm. (see the m
memoir, p. 350).
JAMES— JEFFERSON. 535
iii. Christopher, b. 1771, d. unni.
iv. John William, b. 1774, d. unm.
V. Sarah Ann, b. 1778.
. vi. Peter P., b. 1781, m. Miss Warren.
vii. Daniel Weir, b. 1782,* ra. Ann, dau. of John Ritchie, M.P.P., and
settled in Annapolis: Ch.: 1, Benjamin John Ritchie, d. unm.;
2, Thomas Andrew Taylor, m. Abigail Kent ; 3, Charles
McCarthy, b. 1810, bpd. Jan. 11, 1811, m. — Bulleye ; 4, William
John8t<m, bpd. Jan., 1813 (abroad) : 5, Daniel Weir, m. Lecain ;
6, John VVyman, m. (1st) Ann Phinney, (2nd) Ann Ritchie, was
long po.stmaster at Lawrencetown.
viii. Thomas Wright, b. 1785, m. Mary Jacobs ; was Deputy Provincial
Secretary many years.
Jepfehson. Robert Jefferson came from Yorkshire, England, where
he was born in 1750, to Halifax, and thence to Annapolis, where he
was employed by Col. Evans to assist him in managing his farm near
Round Hill, and eighteen months afterwards married the colonel's
daughter Elizabeth. He then became sole manager of the farm, and
on the death of his father-in-law, the owner of it, and died 1812, leaving
many descendants now scattered far and wide. Children :
i. Abigail, b. 1774, ni. (Ist) Richard Mongarde, (2nd) Gideon Clark.
ii. Stephen, b. 177fi, m. Elizabeth Griffin: Ch.: 1, Stephen Henry,
m. Margaret Ann Jefferson ; 2, Jane, m. Lot Hutt ; 3, Betsey,
m. David Swallow ; 4, Sarah, m. Benjamin Hutt ; 5, Phebe, ni.
Peter Mosher ; 6, Harriet, m. Daniel Gates.
iii. Henry Evans, b. 1778, d. unm.
iv. Elizabeth Evans, b. 1779, m. Samuel Harris.
v. Sarah, b. 1780, m. (Ist) William Halliday, (2nd) Elias Woodworth.
vi. Robert, b. about 1782, m. Sarah Harris : Ch. : 1, Abigail Spurr, b.
1811, m. (1st) John G. Fitzgibbon, (2nd) Charles D. Strong ; 2,
George Henry Evans, b. 1812, m. (1st) Sarah Purdy, (2nd) Mary
Welch ; 3, .James Edmund Harris, b. 1815, m. Mary Potter ; 4,
Robert John, b. 1817, m. Jane Wilsim ; 6, Charles Clancy, b.
1819, m. (1st) Frances Purdy, (2nd) Elizabeth Adelaide Ruggles ;
6, Caroline Augusta, b. 1821, m. George Edmund Johnston ; 7.
Elizabeth Evans, b. 1824, m. Anthony Potter ; 8, William Jesse,
b. 1826, m. Einmeline Strong (no issue) ; 9, Helen Sophia, b.
1828, m. (Ist) John Wilson, (2nd) Wallace Lent ; 10, Louisa, b.
1830, m. Charles Campbell.
vii. John, b. 1784, m. (1st) Catharine McNair, (2nd) Ann McNair :
Ch. : 1, Evans, ui. Su.san Floyd ; 2, Catharine, m. Edward
Marshall ; 3, Maria, m. Rowland Marshall ; 4, Rachel, ni. David
Starratt ; 5, John, m. Ella Saunders ; 6, Elias, m. (1st) Emma
Saunders, (2nd) Zebia Plumb,
viii. Mary Ann, b. 1786, d. unm.
ix. Jane, b. 1790, m. Aaron Hardy.
X. Amelia Maria, b. 1792, m. Stephen Jefferson.
xi. Thomas, b. 1794, m. Nancy Vidito : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, m. (Ist)
Andrew Ritchie, (2nd) George Ritchie ; 2, Henry E., m. Nancy
Telfer ; 3, Eleanor, d. unm. ; 4, Maria, m. Henry Walker ; 5,
Richard, d. unm. ; 6, William Bernard, m. Mary Jane Walker ;
7, Thomas, m. Seraph Hindon ; 8, Harriet, m. Charles Ritchie ;
•February 27, 18'28, the St. Luke's church records have "Daniel James,
buried, aged 49."
o*?6 JEFFERSON — KEXT — LANOLEY.
9, Jolin, d. unin.; 10, William, m. Isabel Clark ; 11, James, unm. ;
12, Miiietta, unm.
xii. Phebe, b. 179H, m. John Copeland.
xiii. Harriet, b. 171*8, m. John Webster,
xiv. William, b. 18o6, m. 1832, Maria Burton (dau. of James John, a
native of Entrland) ; Ch. ; nix sons and four dauj^hterH, many of
them now living.
Kent. Isaac Kknt, one of the original grantees of tlie township, came
from one of the old colonies in 1760 with his wife and children, and
settled near Round Hill, on a lot which I believe is in part owned by
some of his posterity to-day. It is not improbable that Chancellor Kent,
tlie author of the Commentaries, well known to every student of law,
was descended from the immigrant ancestor. (Probably the first of the
name in America was Richard Kent, who came in the Mary and John,
arriving at Ipswich, Massachusetts Bay, about May 1, 1634. — [Ed.])
Isapc Kent had children :
i. Isaac, remained in Massachusetts,
ii. John, m. Lucretia Hardwick, uud. removed to one of the eastern
counties,
iii. Zarah, ni. Mary Hardwick: Ch.: 1, John, m. Rebecca Burket ; 2,
Elizabeth, m. John Warner ; 3, Catharine, m. Isaac Beals ;
4, Henry, m. Margaret Whitman ; 5, Mary, m. William Brennan;
6, Christina, unm.; 7, Isaac, unm.; 8, Ann, unm.
iv. Arod, m. 1801, Abigail Bent, iie'e Harrington : Ch. : 1, Micah, m.
Jane Beals ; 2, Abigail, m. Thomas A. James ; 3, Eiiz i, d. unm.
v. Anna, m. Israel Longley.
vi. Abigail, m. Abel Beals.
IjANfiLKY. A pre-loyalist family from Massachu.seUs, Johx Langley
came over with wife and several children, and obtained a grant of five
hundred acres in the township of Annapolis. He married in Massachu-
setts, Patience Tollman. Children :
i. John, m. Beulah Winchester : Ch. : 1, Patience, m. Frederic
Boehler ; 2. John, m. Hannah Oliver; 3, Nathan W., m.
Elizabeth Walker ; 4, Martha, m. Peter Long,
ii. Nathaniel, m. Deborah Daniels : Ch. : 1, Betsey, m. Nathaniel
Whitman ; 2, Mary, m. Joseph Wilson ; 3. Samuel, m. 1809,
Hannah Tufts ; 4, Amy, m. — Risteen ; 5, Susan, m. Beriah
Bent Daniels ; 6, Deborah, m. William Pool ; 7, Sarah ; 8, Lucy,
m. — Gregory ; 9, Asaliel.
iii. Mary, m. Joseph Daniels,
iv. Ann, m. Ephraim Daniels,
v. Aquila, m. 1800, Mary Chute: Ch.: 1, Sophia, b. 1802, d. unm.;
2, Benjamin, b. 1805, m. Elizabeth Clark ; 3, Levi, b. 1807, m.
Abigail Messenger; 4, Lavinia, b. 1810, m. Joseph Hicks; 5,
Ezekiel, b. 1814, d. unm ; 6, Martha, b. 1819, m. William B.
Long,
vi. Sarah, d. unm.
vii. William, m. 1803, Ann Messenger : Ch. : 1, Nathaniel, b. 180(5, d.
unm. ; 2, Elizabeth, b. 1809, m. John Abbott ; 3, Diadama, b.
1810, unm. ; 4, Daniel, b. 1817, m. Helen Langley ; 6, Phebe
Ann, b. 1821, d. unm.
LECAIN. 637
LKf'AiN. The name of this family was formerly spelt LkQuksne, it
being a purely French name. 1. Francis Bakclay LeQuksnk, whose
name became An<,'Iicised to its present form, came to Annapolis from the
Island of Jersey as " Master Artificer" or " Armourer" in the employ of
the Board of Ordnance. The family were of the gentry, and their coat of
arms, ^^ a>: n lion paitit. gules," motto, ^^ Siiis (fncilms usqurfidelia." The
following obituary notice of him in Minns' Weekli/ Chronicle, published at
Halifax in 1806, is presumably from the pen of Rev. Jacob Bailey : " Died
at Annapolis Royal, Francis Barclay Lccain, aged 85 years — the oldest
settler in this county, and who lived sixty-four years in this town. He
was always an honest and worthy man, and left about 100 descendants.
He was fifty-five years a Freemason." He must, if these figures were
correct, have arrived here just five years after the arrival of John Easson,
who had pre-deceased him by about twenty years. He married (1st),
September 1, 1745, Alicia Maria, only daughter of Thomas Hyde, who
also had been a " Master " in the Ordnance Department. She died
September 23, 1758. He married (2nd) Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin
and Mary (Woodward) Foster His second daughter married John
Ritchie, and thus became the grandmother of the Chief Justice of
Canada and his distinguished brothers. In his long residence here he
was an eye-witness of all the stirring and fateful events of which this
historic town was the centre, and was contemporary of the long series of
biilliant men mentioned in these pages, from Mascarene to De Lancey,
ali of whom were his friends and associates. Children :
i. John, b. Oct. 30, 1746, m. Sarah Providence ; accidentally shot,
leaving small family, not traced.
ii. Alicia Maria, b. Jan. 6, 1748, m. John Ritchie, M.P.P.
iii. EUzabeth, h. May 17, 1750, m. Thomas Harris.
iv. Annie, b. Vah. 17, 1752, m. John Skelton, removed to Canada.
V. Mary, b. June 21, 1754, m. Abraham, son of Michael Spurr.
(2) vi. Thomas,* b. Aug. 20, 1756.
By second wife ;
(3) vii. Francis, b. 1762.
viii. Benjamin, b. 1764, m. Mary Winchester, no Issue,
ix. Nicholas, b. 1765, m. Catherine Jost ; had sons : 1, Francis Barclay,
m. Margaret Bond (no issue) ; 2, John William, d imm. ; 3, Arthur
Walter Wilkie, d. unm. ; 4, George Frederic Augustus, m. Susan
B. Oxner, and lived in Halifax and afterwards in Berwick (had
seven sons and three daughters) ; daus. : 1, Catherine Elizabeth,
m. Felix King, of H. M. dockyard, Halifax, (had two daua., one
• I take the dates of births of Francis B. LeCain's children from an affidavit
nmde by him in claiming for them a legacy left his wife by her aunt, Lady Mary
Keate, sister of Thomas Hyde's wife. Many years later a belief became prevalent
that a colosKal fortune awaited the heirs of some Thomas Hyde, and 1 have found
that nimierous descendants of Francis B. Le Cain by his second wife, ignorant of tlie
second marriage, spent money and time in trying to investigate and recover this
fortune, inider the erroneous impression that they were descendants of Alicia Maria
Hyde, instead of Klizaheth Faster. — [Eu.]
538 LECAIN. •
m. Rev. Arthur W. Cook, of Kingston, Ont.); 2, Eliza, m. Rev.
John Stannage ; 3, Ann, ni. James Cameron ; 4, Alicia Maria, d.
young ; 5, Sophia Edwina, m. Joshua Kaulbach, merchant,
Lunenburg ; 6 (10th child), Susan Parker, m. Edward Pierson
Archbold, son of late Capt. P. Archbold, Roynl Meath Regiment,
and had two sons, Edmxnl Thwn Ambroix' and Rev. Frawis
H. W. Archbold, Honorary Curate of St. Paul's, Halifax.
(4) X. William, b. 17«7.
2. Thomas Lecain, b. Aug. 20, 1756, in. Martha Wilkie. Children :
i. David, m. Feb., 1808, Ann Dickson: Ch.: 1, Thomas Henry, b.
Aug. 7, 1809, d. unm.; 2, Mary Jane, b. Nov. 22, 1811, m. Silas
Hancock ; 3, Frederic, b. Aug. 7, 1813, d. 1888, ni. Mary Lecain
(dau. of Peter) ; 4, Margaret Eliza, b. April 26, 181K, d. unm. ; 5,
Walter William Wilkie, b. April 16, 1818, m. — Ross, in Batavia.
ii. Frederic, m. (1st) Ann Davies, (2nd) an American, and removed to
United StatvSs.
iii. Walter, m. Frances Thomas, lived in St. John and died there.
iv. Francis, d. unm.
v. Maria Lavinia, bpd. Aug. 16, 1796.
3. Francis Lecain. The first child of Francis Lecain, by his second
wife, married Margaret McNeish Ritchie ; she died Aug., 1843, aged 81,
and had children :
i. Charles, b. June 22, 1785, m. March 4, 1820. Maria Eliza Menco :
Ch. : 1, Margaret, b. Dec. 31, 1826, m. Hobert S. Spurr ; 2, Bar-
clay Farquharson, b. Feb. 16, 1829.
ii. Elizabeth, b. Nov. 20, 1786, m. David Fleet ; 4 ch., 2 sons and 2
daus.
iii. Andrew Ritchie, b. May 18, 1788, bpd. Oct. 16, d. unm.
iv. James, b. June 26, 1790, m. 1817, Frances Ryersou : Ch. : 1, Anna
Maria, b. June 14, 1818, m. Avard Gates ; 2, Margaret Eliza, b.
July 1, 1821, m. John L. Rice ; 3, James Francis, b. Oct. 20,
1823, m. Jan. 13, 1850, Sarah, dau. of James Morse ; 4, Sarah
Ann, b. June II, 1825, m. Isaiah Potter ; 5, John M., b. March
1, 1827, m. Adelaide Durkee, d. in Yarmouth ; 6, (ieorge, b.
1829, m. Agnes Hoyt ; 7, Amasa, b. 1831, d. unm.; 8, Thomas, b.
1833, d. unm.; 9, Mary, m. Albert Berteaux.
v. Margaret McNeish, b. Dec. 27, 1791, m. Joseph Wells,
vi. John, b. April 11, 1794, m. Dec. 31, 1828, Maria Eliza Stewart :
Ch. : 1, Elizabeth Georgina, b. Oct. 22, 1832, d. Aug. 18, 1848 ;
2, Maria Louisa, b. Sept. 26, 1835, m. Elisha Bancroft ; 3, George
Augustus, b. Nov. 4, 1839, m. Seraphina Berteaux ; 4, Georgina
Mence, b. Sept. 15, 1849, m. William M. Bailey.
vii. Nicholas, b. Jan. 18, 1796, m. Feb. 27, 1840, Margaret Lucretia
Williams : Ch. : 1, Francis, b. Sept. 15, 1840, d, young ; 2,
William, b. Aug. 29, 1844, m. Zeruiah Williams ; 3, Andrew, b.
Dec. 18, 1845, m. Emma Sanders ; 4, Margaret McNeish, b. Nov.
9, 1847, m. William Hardwick.
viii. Benjamin, b. March 23, 1800, d. Sept. 4, 1801.
ix. Alicia Maria, d. unm.
4. William Lecain, born 1767, and married Sarah Henshaw ; he
died 1830. Children :
LECAIN — LEONARD. 539
i. Peter, m. Mary Tonilinson : Gh.: 1, Mary, m. Frederic Lecain ; 2,
Elizabeth, m. James Corbett ; 3, Eliza, m. James Wright ; 4,
Margaret, ni. Andrew Uugan ; 5, Sarah, m. Duncan Miller ; 6,
Susan, m. George Stailing, d. in Digby.
ii. Thomas, m. Sarah Orde : Ch. : 1, William, m. Margaret Sweenie ;
2, Thomas, m. Minetta Ilhodda ; 3, John, m. Rebecca Hannan -,
4, James, m. — Berry ; 5, Frank, m. — ; (5, Colin, m. Rachel
Merritt; 7, Elizabeth,^ m. (Ist) Robert Jestings, (2nd) Thomas P.
Berry ; 8, Mary Hester, m. Edward C. Berry ; 9, Susan, m. John
Purdy ; 10, Martha, ni. William Milner ; 11, Sarah, m. Long;
12, a dau., m. Joseph Rawding.
iii. William, m. Ellen Ritchie (dau. of Robert), and had ch. : 1, John,
d. unm. ; 2, Alexander, d. unm. ; 3, Sarah, d. unm. ; 4, Avis, d.
unin. ; 5, Malvina, d. ; (t, Charlotte, d. unm ; 7, Fanny, m. Imel
Young ; 8, Harriet, m. Daniel Dukeshire.
iv. Elizabeth, m. Alexander Ritdiie.
V. Ann, m. William Webb.
Leonard. Jonathan Leonard was born at Lyme, Conn., between
1735 and 1740. After his arrival here he married in 1764, Sarah,
daughter of Josiah Dodge. He was at one time possessed of one
thousand acres of the best land in the township of Granville, which he
disposr^d of at the time of the arrival of the Loyalists and removed to
the Paradise District, where he built one of the first saw-mills in the
township, and died in 1812. It is probable he served in the expedition
against Louisburg in 1758. (At least two Leonards came to America
from Wales among the earliest emigrants. Solomon, born in Monmouth-
shire, was with the Pilgrims at Leyden, and settled in Duxbury, before
1637 ; and Thomas came from Pontypool, in the same county, and
settled in Taunton, Mass. There were several prominent Loyalists of
the name, and many became eminent in the United States in various
callings. — Ed.) Childien:
i. Phebe, b. 17*55, ni. John Wade, jun.
ii. Seth, b. 1767, d. 1786, unm.
iii. MoUie, b. 1770, m. Samuel Bent, jun.
iv. Jonathan, b. 1772, d. 1772.
v. Deborah, b. 1773, d. 1773.
vi. Abiel, b. 1775, m. Letitia Hackelton : Ch. : 1, Seth, d. unm. ;
2, William, m. Louisa Anderson (went abroad) ; 3, Sarah, m.
Martin VanBlarcom ; 4, Elizabeth, m. Job Young,
vii. Bettie, b. 1777, m. (1st) John de Witt, (2nd) Samuel McCormick, jun.
viii. Putnam, b. 1779, m. 1804, Ann McGregor (dau. of John) : Ch. :
1, Richard Saunders, b. 1805, m. Hannah McLellan ; 2, John,
b. 1807, d. unm. ; 3, Susan, b. 1809, m. Daniel Durland ; 4, Parker,
b. 1812, d. unm.
ix. Susanna, b. 1782, m.
X. Seth, b. 1787, m. 1808, Elizabeth Merry (dau. of William) : Ch. :
1, Benjamin Dodge, b. 1809, m. (Ist) Susan Longley, (2nd) Louisa
McCormick ; 2, Ann, b. 1811, m. Joseph Elliott ; 3, Susanna,
b. 1814, m. Amherst Martin Morse ; 4, Minetta, b. 1816, m.
William Young Foster.
* Mr. Chute informs me that this should be Sarah. — [Ed.]
640 LOXOLEV.
L'»J«JI-KY. Thi.s t'inineiit Annapolis County family are descended from
Wii.MAM LoNnLKY, wlio camo from England to America in 163G, and was
one of the founders of Groton in that colony. He had a son William,'^
and the latter had a son William,'' who married Experience Crisp, by
whom he had a family which in 1604, with two exceptions, were murdered
by the Indians, including both the parents. A little girl of eleven years,
and a boy still younger, had been captured by the Indians the evening
previous to the massacre, while in a field near the edge of the forest, a
short distance from the habitation. They were taken to Ville Marie, now
Montreal, where Lydia, the girl, was ransomed by the Mother Superior
of the convent there, and educated in the faith of the Roman Catholic
Church, tt> which she became a devoted adherent, and finally became
herself Mother Superior of the same institution. In her letter-s written
in after years to her relatives, she ardently urged them to return to the
bosom of the Holy Catholic Church. Her brother John was brought up to
the nomadic life of his captors. When in after years he was redeemed,
it was with great difficulty that he was persuaded to abandon this life,
and to return to his kindred, his inheritance, and civilization. In the
traditions of the family he is spoken of as "John the Captive." He was
twice married, his first wife being Sarah Prescott, and his second, Deborah
Houghton. He died in 1750, ten years before his son, William Lonoley
(who was born in 1708), with his wife, Mary Parker, and son Israel, at
that time fifteen years old, came to this county, and settled on a lot in
the Belleisle District, where some of iiis descendants are still living.
After Israel had attained majority, the father relinquished this fai-m to
him and returned to his old home in Shirley, Mass., where he died in
1788. Israel, who was born in 1745, married 1770, Anna, daughter of
Isaac Kent, and had children :
i. Isaac, b. 1771, ni. (lat) Dorcas Bent, (2nd) Freelove Dodge : Ch. :
1, Maria, b. 1795, m. James Whitman ; 2, Israel, b. 1797, m.
Mary Ann Bishop ; 3, Diadama, b. 17'J9, ui. Creorge Bishop ;
4, L ovicia, b. 1801, m. Elias Bishop ; 5, Anne, b. 1802, m.
Benjamin Whitman ; H, Lucy, b. 1804, m. Richard Nichols ;
7, David Bent, b. 1806, m. Mary Clark ; 8, Elizabeth, b. 1809,
ni. Charles Durland ; (by 2nd wife) : 9, John Fletcher, b. 1815,
d. unm. ; 10, Dorcas Emily, b. 1817, m. Reuben Balcom ; 11,
Minetta, b. 1819, d. unm. ; 12, Isaac, b. 1823, m. Catharine Beals.
ii. Anna, b. 1773, m. Joseph Bent,
iii. William, b. 1775, m. Esther Dodge : Ch. : 1, Bethiah, d. unm. ;
2, Susan, m. Benjamin D. Leonard ; 3, Warren, m. (1st) Minetta
Morse, (2nd) Sarah Ann Morse, h^« Elliott.
iv. Asaph, b. 1776, m. (Ist) 1804, Grace Morse, (2nd) 1807, Dorcas
Poole : Ch. : 1. Warren, b. 1806, ^. unm. ; (by 2nd wife): 2, Helen,
b. 1808, m. Ebenezer Balcom ; .$, Caroline Sarah, b. .1810, m.
John Hall ; 4, Israel, b. 1813, m. Frances Manning, the father
of Hon. J. WiLBKRFORCE Lonoley, M.P.P., Attorney-General
of Nova Scotia; 5, Harriet Sophia, b. 1815, m. (Ist) George
Brown, (2nd) William Sproul ; 6, William, d. unm. ; 7, Hon.
AvARD Lonoley, M.P.P., M.P., etc (see his memoir).
LONui.EY — r.ovErr, 641
V. Utaul, h. 1780, III. (1st) 1«04, Mary Hath, (211(1) Minetta Willoughby :
Cli. : 1, Taiiiar Cocilia, U. IHUo, iiiiin. ; 2, .loliii Hath, I). IHOH,
III. Mary .\iiii Follows; M, Israel .lames, b. 1811, in. Henriotfa
Hatli ; 4, Lucy Ann, b. 181.'{, in. DclaiK^y (ioatior; 5, Saniiiul
Chark'K, I). 1815, in. Kli/.a Isabella Fowler : l>, Nolieiiiiah Fletcher,
b. 1H17, <1. limn. ; 7, Robert Wesley, It. IH'Jl, in. Uharlotto Harris;
8, Mary Elizabeth, b. IH'.'4. in. .lojiii Milbury.
vi, Christina, b. 1785, in. .John CiieHlcy.
vii. Diatlania. b. 1782, in. .loliii McNiill.
viii. Elizabeth, b. 1787, m. 'lolin Tiipper.
i.x. Lucy, b. 1780, d. iiiiin.
X. Wesley, b. 1704, cl. (at soa) uiim.
LovETT. See memoir of Pliiueas Lovott, sen., M.P.P. Piiinkas
LovETT, JuN., 1». 174'), was elected for the Townshij) of Aiumpoli.^ in
1775, and then fatlier and son were contemporary members for one
session, tluring which, [lerhaps, neither of them attended. In the ii.st
in the Almanac for 177(5, copied in Murdoch, Vol. ii., p. 582, his name
does not appear. It reappears in 1777, and lie eviilcntiy sat until 1784.
He m., ITCy, Abigail Thayer, and d. June, 1828. Children :
i. Iteulah, m. .lohn Fitzrandolph.
ii. Daniel, in. Aiinii, daii. of Rev. Thos. H. Chi|)iuan: Ch.: 1, Phineas,
b. 180(5, m. (in Enj^laml); 2, Eliza Ann, b. 1808, d. iinin. ; 3,
Abigail, b. 1810, in. Zebiilon Phinney, d. Jan. 10, I8!M) ; 4,
Harriot Jaiio, b. 1811, d. unm.; 6, Daniel Morritt, b. 1815, m.
Lydia Pitman ; (5, John HeiiKton, b. 1820, in, Rachel Dodge ; 7,
Maria, !>. 1822, in. Ebenc-zor H. Do Wolfe.
iii. William, d. unni.
iv. Rachel, m. Phineas Oakes.
V. Elizabeth, m. Elisha Pishop.
vi. James Risskll, b. 1781, m. 1806, Sarah, dau. of William Allen
Chipman, was M. P.P. for the Townshij) of Annapolis from 1827
to 1836, and d. 1804: Ch.: 1, William Henry, b. Mar. 30, 1807,
d. 188C., uiini.; 2, Mary Ann, b. Feb. 10, 1810, m. J. Edw. Starr ;
3, Elizabeth Albro. b. Sept. 11, 1812, d. 1809, unm.: 4, James
Russell, b. June 23, 1814, d. 1838, unm.; 5, Sarah Rebecca, b.
Sept. 25, 1810, d. 1837, unm.; 0, John Chandler, b. June 10,
1810, d. 1840, unm. ; 7, Thomas Edward, in. in England, d. 1809 ;
8, Samuel Bag.shaw, d. in Florida, unm.; 9, Eunice S., m. Nov.
25, 1847, George Thomson, E8(|., of Halifax ; 10, Maria C, m.
William Smellie, of Scotland ; 11, Adelaide, m. Peter McPhee,
of Halifax, d. 1870.
vii. Phineas, m. 1800, Margaret Rutherford (dau. of Henry, M.P.P.):
Ch.: 1, Sarah, b. 1801, d. 1801 ; 2, Mary Eliza, b. 1803, m. Charles
Moody ; 3, Henry Rutherford, b. 1805, unm ; 4, Margaret Jane,
b. 18 7, d. uum. ; 5, Charles Phineas, b. 1809, d. 1816 ; 6, Amelia
Maria, b. 1812, d. 1812; 7, Ann Isabella, b. 1819, m. — Golding ;
8, Sophia Amelia, b. 1821, in. W. Forsyth Turnbull, of Digby.
viii. Thomas, m. Ann, dau. of William Allen Chipman : Ch. : 1,
Margaret, m. James L. DeWolfe ; 2, Mary, d. unm. : 3, Sarah,
unm.; 4, Henry, m. Annie Johnstone, dau. of Dr. Lewis and
niece of Hon. J. W. Johnstone ; 5, Agnes T., m. James W.
King, of Windsor, M.P.P., etc.
ix. Abigail, m. William Bent, J. P.
X. Louisa, m. Samuel Chesley, J. P.
xi. Mary, m. (Isfc) Henry Shaw, merchant of Digby, (2nd) Richard
Stephens, of Digby, a native of England (no issue).
542 MAUOESON — MAKSHALL.
Marokson. (iiDEON Makokhon was a worthy loyalist of 1783. The
flt'st of the name in America was Edmund Margeson, who came in the
Manffower in 1G20, but he <lied, it is said, unmarried, and certainly very
young, during the first year of the Hettlement. The name does not
appear again among the early settlers of Massachusetts. He marrieil
Lavinia, daughter of U()l)ert Wilson, of New York, and sister of Chris-
topher Wilson, an immigrant of 1774 from Yorkshire. Children :
i. John, b. 1785, m. 1810, Hnnnah Bolsor ; Ch.: 1, John, b. 1811,
m. (Ist) Lydia Morinc. (^nd) Wilhelniina Ann Newcomb ;
2, Jonathan Woorlhiiry, h. Ixl.'i, <1. 1884, ni. Rebecca Condell ;
3, Thomas, b. IblM, ni. Miriam Simpson ; 4, Margaret, b. 1818,
111. George Uuzanson ; 5, William, b. 1820, m. Susan Randall ;
(S, Benjamin, b. 182;i, ni. (Ist) Eunice White, (2nd) Sarah
Nichols ; 7, Edward, b. 1820, m. (1st) Caroline Wilson, (2nd)
Harriet Brown ; 8, Leandor, l). 1827, ni. (Ist) Jano McCJorical,
(2nd) Mai-y Ann Parker ; U, Love, b. 1829, m. John Woodworth ;
10, Hannah, b. 18.32, tn. Milan.
ii. Robert, b. 1787, m. 1813, Rachel Fritz : Ch. : 1, William, b. 1814,
m. Mary Beals ; 2, James, b. 1815, m. Margaret Morris ; 3, Jane
Wilson, b. 1817, ni. Patrick Stephenson ; 4, Mary, b. 1819, ni.
John Phillips : 5, Nancy, m. James Collins ; 6, Peter, m. (Ist)
Sarah Jane Pool, (2nd) Rebecca Whitman, »i<'e Qoucher ;
7, Lavinia, m. Morgan Connell ; 8, Margaret, b. 1820, d. unm.
iii.* Silas, m. (Ist) Mehitable Reagh, (2nd) Ann Merick, n^e Brown:
Ch. : 1, Susanna m. Bayard Margeson ; 2, John Wesley m. Sarah
Amelia Gesner : 3, Lavinia m. (1st) Ansel T. Baker, (2nd) Rev.
Mr. Martel ; 4, Elizabeth, in. (1st) Henry McKenna, (2nd)
James Morse, (3rd) Adam Bowlby ; 6, Sarah Jane, d. unm. ;
6, Isaac, m. Mary Price ; 7, Margaret, m. Sidney Burden ; 8, Mary,
m. Isaac Parker.
iv. Lavinia, m. Samuel Campfield Beardsley.
v. Thomas, m. 1813, Phebe Daniels : Ch. : 1, Christopher, b. 1814, m.
Margaret Reagh ; 2, Ella, b. 1817, d. unm. ; 3, Mary E., b. 1819,
ni. James N. Spicer ; 4, Robert C. b. 1822, m. (1st) Rebecca
Spicer, (2nd) Jane Smithers ; 5, Thomas, b. 1825, m. Hannah
Spicer ; 6, Lavinia, b. 1827, m. Wellington Daniels ; 7, Phebe
Ann, b. 18i;{, in. Lewis Morris ; 8, Silas, b. 1829, m. Mary Ann
Goucher ; 9, Ellen, b. 1834, in. John Berteaux.
vi. Peter, m. Ann Hall,
vii. Christopher, m. Susan Dodge (dau. of Charles).
Marshall. This name is derived from the title " Mareschall," and
the English, Irish and Scotch Marshalls claim descent from Roger le
Mareschall, or "the Marshall," who at Hastings arrayed the forces of
the Conqueror for the battle. The title of Earls Marshalls of England
became hereditary in the family, and by the marriage of William the
Protector with the only daughter and sole heiress of Strongbow, Earl of
Pembroke, and Eva his wife, they became Earls of Pembroke in England.
In Ireland members of this family were Princes Palatine of Leinster,
* The order in which the remainder are placed may not be correct.
MAUHIIALI. fi43
and thu title of MarHliall of Ireland l>ecaine vested in a younger branch
by letters patent. William, the ilnnli^rant to America, became one of
the founders cl Dc<lham, MaHH. In 1760 four of the name, supposed to
have been his great-|i;randHons, came over t«i Nova Scotia. (For Isaac
and Wii.MAM, see page 199.) Anthony settled tirst at VVilmot, and after-
wards removed to and founded MarHhalltown, Digby County ; Solomon
settled in the township of Annapolis. William's oldest (surviving) son,
Andrew Willett Marshall, cut the first tree in what is now the beautiful
district of Clarence Centre. While these four pioneers are supposed by
most of their descendants to have been brothers, Solomon is reported to
have come over to Mas-sacliusetts from Pennsylvania, and Anthony from
Ilhofle Island. William Makbiiall married April 22, 1761, Lydia,
daughter of George Willett, of Roxbury, and had children :
i. Sybil, b. Feb. 3, 1762, m. Deacon ThumHs Chute.
ii. Williftm, b. Oct. 21, 1763, d. Sept. «, 1764.
iii. WiUiani, b. Aug. 6, 1765, d. Sept. 'M, 1776.
iv. Catharine, b. Sept. 10, 1767, d. Jan. 6, 177».
V. Andrew Willett, b. Feb. 23, 1770, m. Jan. 2i>. 17»2, Susannah, dau.
of Samuel Chesley, d. Sept. 28, lh(S5 : Ch. : 1, Nancy, b. Aug.
27, 1703, m. Oct. 23, 1821, Jeremiah, son of Jacob Calnek ; 2,
Andrew, jun., b. Oct. 31, 17]>5, ni. Oct. 21, 1810, Abiguil Morse ;
3, Caleb, b. Nov. 30, 1797, m. Nov. 11, 1823, Eliza, dau. of Wil-
liam Bent ; 4, Susan, b. Aug. 24, 1800, m. Joseph Starratt ; 5,
Eliza, b. Aug. 16, 1802, m. Nov. 4, 1829, Daniel, son of Richard
Nichols ; 6, Benjamin, b. July, 18()4, m. 1830, Eliza Beattie ; 7,
Helen, b. Feb. 11, 1807, d. May 24, 1849 ; 8, Sidney, b. April 16,
1809, d. 1811 ; 9, Sidney, b. May 31, 1814, m. Feb. 23, 1837,
Tamar Chute.
vi. John, b. April 20, 1772, m. Oct. 17, 1797, Nancy, dau. of Abednego
Ricketson : Ch. : 1, Maria, b Oct. 14, 1798, m. Feb. 8, 1820,
John, son of Alvan Corbitt ; 2, Susanna, b. March 9, 1800; 3,
Willett, b. Feb. 9, 1802, m. 1826, Margaret, dau. of Joseph
Johnson ; 4, Lovicia, b. Nov. 8, 1803, m. Samuel Bishop Chip-
man, M.P.P. ; 5, William, b April 22, 1806, m May 10, 1831,
Maria, dau. of \Vm. Bent ; 6, Calvin, b. April 2, 1807, d. ; 7, Soj)hia,
b. Aug. 14, 1810, m. Dec. 19, 1838, William, son of Joseph John-
son ; 8, Eliza, b. July 31, 1812, m. Jan. 4, 1848, Thomas A., son
of Antonio Gavaza ; 9, Mary Ann, b. Feb. 10, 1816, m. June 22,
1847, William Freeman Marshall (his first w.) ; 10, John James,
b. June 7, 1818, m. Dec. 16, 1852, Maria Randolph,
vii. Abel R., b. May 13, 1774, m. Jan. 4, 1798, Esther, dau. of Daniel
Felch : Ch. : 1, William, b. 1798, m. July 4, 1822, Mary Fritz ;
2, Samuel, b. Nov. ?5, 1800, m. Rachel, dau. of John Elliott ; 3,
Deacon Thomas A., b. Nov. 7, 1802, m. Margaret Elliott (sister of
Rachel), 11 ch. ; 4, Lydia, b. Feb. 12, 1806, ni. W., son of Jamea
Charlton ; 5, Ruf us, b. Sept. 15, 1810, m. Mary Jaile Webster,
viii. Elizabeth, b. March 28, 776, m. William Marshall (son of Isaac^.
ix. Calvin, b. April 16, 1778, m. Helen Phinney (dau. of Zaccheus),
lived at Petitcodiac.
X. Sarah, b. Aug. 27, 1780, m. Samuel Gates.
,•^44 MARSHAU,.
HoLOMON Mahniiai.i., lH)rn iilK)ut I7ir», m. (lut) in P<'ntiMyIvaniii, Samh
('liirki* (or Sini|iNiiii), (L'mi) lliinniili Kt-ndiill. Cliil<li-ri :
i. Kni-iili, l>. MixMit 177>l, III. liuiijimiin Milhury.
My nuciiikI wifu :
ii. Miiiy. I). I77«i.
iii. Klisii;i, h. I77H. Ill IKIM'.. Cyiilhiii MinHlmll (dun. ..f Umw) : Cli. : 1,
riiniliiie. 1>. IH(»7. in. Junu'M Siillivun ; 'J, Kli/.a. I). IHOK. in. ()1<1-
liani Fiilt'H ; .*», |{i'V. Levi HiiptiNt. I». iH||,iii. Ann Collins; 4,
Hiith. ni. (lilt) Miirin Kiit/,, ('-'nil) iMiihillii rithiiig ; H, Lucy. in.
Divul t . Millinry ; (». Kinily, in. Win. Loiko ; 7, Morcy, in .lacol)
Luoko ; H. Jiioil), in. Miiry Wiud ; !», (iiirdiniT, d. num. ; 10,
KnuL'li, il. iinin.
iv. Kiiinuoi, 1>. 17W», in. (I»t) Nancy RiHtcnn, (I'lid) Ann Tufts. (Ilrd)
Miiiy CliMto, /(('( iMiirshiill, (4th) Cyntliiii, dun. of .liinu's .larvis,
and wid. of Hnyliy (iray : ('h. : I, Sophia, h. 1S07. ?n I'Mward
Arininson ; 2, William, h. !«)!», ni. Hannah Ward ; Ii, Klizilx-tli,
1>. JKII, in. (1st) Stoplifii Urown, (2nd) Nolson Haker ; 4, lionina,
b. IHl;!, 111. Stephen Tufts ; 5, Holn'cca. in. .laini's Mitchell ; (I,
Ahij^ail. in. Utdiinsoii I'alinor ; 7, Joseph, in. Hubocca Walker ;
8, Mary Ann, in. .F(din Uawkesworth ; J», Catherine, in. •lames Di-
viiincy; 10, Sainnel, ni. Fanny Weltoii ; U, Salome, m. Israel
Hont.
V. Obadiah, li 1781. d. 1857. in. 1805, Mar«aret Eaton : Ch. 1,
raiiiela. It. 1800, in. James Urown ; 2, Mary, It. 18U1), in. Hund-
ley C. (lates ; .1. Lucy, b. 1812, m. Phineas Hudson ; 4, .lohii, b.
181.5, m. Sarah Marshall ; 5. Margiret, b. 1817, in. Kufus Kob-
bins ; 0, William, b, 181U, m. Margaret Fiannagan ; 7, UoOert, I).
IH21, in. Margaret Morse ; 8, Sarah Ann, ni. Daniel Whitman ;
», Eunice, in. (Ut) Whitman, (2iul) Muiiroe ; 10, Elias, m. Nancy
I'reenian.
vi. Rebecca, b. 178IJ, m. Joseph Snoll.
vii. Solomon, juii.. b. 1785, m. Juno, 1805, Rachel Chute : Ch. : 1,
Nelsim, b. 1810, d. without issue ; 2, James Lynam, m. Eliza
Ann Armstrong (dau. of Richaid).
viii. Seth, b. 1787, went abroad,
ix. Hannah, b. 1789, d. 17«>0.
X. Levi, b. 1700, d. 18(>!>, m. (lat) Catharine (2nd) Mary, daus.
of Rev. John White : Ch. ; 1, Lamitty Ann, d. unm. ; 2. James
Manning, m. (Ist) Mary Whitman, (2nd) Freelove liruco ; M,
fiances Maria, m. Jabez Morton ; 4, Sarah, m. John Marshall ; 5,
Edward, in. Margaret Motfatt ; (>, Heniy Worth, m. (Ist) Ann M.
Morton, (2nd) Phebe Morton ; 7, Catharine, m. James Peyton
Pierce ; 8, Zachariah, d. unm. ; 9, Adoniram Judson, ni. Barbara
Rafuse.
xi. Susanna, b. 1702, m. Levi Cole.
xii. Sarah, b. 1794, m. 1812, Wm. Greenham.
xiii. Elizabeth, b. 1798.
Isaac Marshall, b. 1738 (Mr. Chute says June 10, 1748), married (1st)
1772, Mary Robbins, (2nd) Ruth Morton, wc Parish. Had children ;
i. Otis, b. Feb. 21, 1773, m. July 12, 1796, Silence, dau. of Daniel
Felch, Esq., lived at Marshall's Cove, now Port Lome : Ch. :
1, Daniel, b. 1797, m. 1834, Amoret McKeau ; 2, Lucy, b. 1799,
d. young ; 3, Mary, b. 1802, m. Wm. Vidito ; 4, Isaac, b. Oct. 14,
MAItSllAFJ, — MMHIDK — M'( OMMKK. .'»4u
1804, III. FruncKs Ilrt>wn dhvi. John); ft, Uulmccn, )i. Out. U, IHOl,
in. Allun riurk ; (t, .luhn, l>. IHlltl, in. KhcIioI Kuthorn, o ih. :
7, Olivor, 1). IHOH, ni. Muiy, cIhw. ft .Iumho Vidistoo, 10 cli. ; M,
Diikdikiiiii, III. KIkunit M>:I<imi(I, II cli. ; II, <it'iir|{u (iardnor, !>. IHll,
ni. <'iiriiliiii>, (likii. of .It'Hxo \'i(liti>t> : HI, |>i)iiiMit, in. Cliuiiliiy Stark ;
11, Allun, III. Kikuliul. iliiii. .loliii Hdiiiy Siiytltir ; I'J, ChIvjii, hi.
Lucy, ditii. of iVtur >Striiii){ ; l.'l, Kli/,», in. Alux. ■Iikckaun.
ii. liUcy, b. .Inn. H, '"7"», in. (iutiri»i' (Jiirdiicr.
iii. Williiini, l>. Au^. 14, 1777, in (l»it!> Klizalu'tli MuihIihII, (2iid) Sarali
(!hiito ; V,\i.: 1, Asaph, It. . u^. 27, 1HII2, m. Kli/.a Morno (daii.
•loiiatliaii) ; 2, William, jiiii, b. .hily 17, 1HU4, in. (iracu Niiiitli
(dnii. Frank, g. daii. Aiiatin); ,'<, ('alvin, i). and d. IHOH ;
4, Eli/.abi-tli, b. .Ian. I'J, IHll, m. Levi IMiiniiey.
iv. Mary, b. Sopt. Id, 177!l, i>i. .Ian. ."JO, IWII, William Chuto (son of
Saiiiuol).
V. Cynthia, b. Nov. 27, 17«1, in. Klinha MarHhall.
vi. Piiciila, b. Nov. 2!l, 17H.'I, ni. Henry, son of .lohii Dunn.
vii. David, b. .Sopt. 17, 17H<t, ni. Au^f. li.i, 1H0(>, Kli/aboth Heardslcy.
and livod near Port Lorno : Uh. ' 1, Knocii, li. 1K07, in. .lano
Hansolpickor ; 2, Ilovorly Rnbinson, b. 180il, in. Susan Mhsh-
LMi^tT ; ;i, Kbonu/.ur llobbiim, b. 1811, d. iinin. ; 4, Wullin^toii,
b. 181:1, in. Hannah ISolnor ; 5, Mary, b. 1815, in. Naniuel FoHtur,
jun. ; (t, Klizaboth, b. 1817, in. VaiiHuren Fostur ; 7, David, b.
181<.l, d. unin. ; 8, Lavinia, b. 1821, in. .losoph, Hon of ThoinaN
Durlaiid ; !l, Saraii Ann, b. 1822, ni. Warren, Hon of Benjamin
Foster; 10, Olivia, b. 1824, in. Henry (). Ualt(«n ; 11. Fb.n;;7.ci
b. 1825, III. Barbara Ann (iriiut; 12, Isaac William, b. 1828, ni.
FranceH Easaon. *
viii. Catharine, b. July 2, 1701, d. young.
Anthony Mahhhall, who wtMit to Digbv, has a very large posterity.
He had childrtMi :
1, Abigail, b. 17<'>5, in. John Henry Snyder ; 2, .loseph, b. 17<M», ni. Teni-
Rerance Eldridgo ; 3, Richard, b. .Ian. JIG, 1708, in. (iHt) Hannah liacon, (2nd)
lartha Marshall, m'c Ingles ; 4, leaac, b. March 12, 1770, in. Rachel, dau. of
Jaiiu's and Eli/jibeth I'otter; 5, Rachel, b. 1771, ni. Richard CcjlliiiH; (>, Mary,
b. 177.i, ni. John Cropley ; 7, William, b. 177<>, ni. Rebecca White, and lived
at South Range, Digby County ; 8, Solomon, b. 177'.>, m. May V.i, 1802,
Martha, dau. .laineN IngleH, and lived at Marnhalltown ; left eight sons.
A full record of thera is in the Chute Genealogie,s.
McHkide. Edward McBhidk, an immigrant from the north of Ire-
land, married, 17G,'), Lois Hill, and had children:
1, Charlotte, b. 17^6 ; 2, Samuel, b. 17fi8, whoso dau. Elizabeth in. .loseph
Durland (son of Daniel); 3, Japhet, b. 1770 ; 4. Bettie, b. 1772 ; 5, Edward,
b. 1774 ; 0, Sophia, b. 177<5, m. Abner Chute ; 7, William, b. 1780 ; 8, Anne,
b. 1781.
McCoRMlCK. The family of this name, who with "all deference, I
think, ought to spell the name MacCormac, or McCormack, the fot -'or
being nearer the original name, are descended from Samuel McCoriu.ck, .
36
546 M'COHMICK.
a iifitivc of tlio north of Iri'liind, iiltliough probably of Scottisli origin,
who was born in 1741, and eniijL;rat(Hl in the latter part of the eighteenth
century. It is said the vesssl tiiat brought him was bound to New York,
l)ut put into Halifax from stress of weather. Shortly after his arrival
tlu'i'e he removed to Horton, Mliere he remained a few yeai"s, and coming
afterwards to the t )wnship of Oranviile, he purcliased a lot of five
hundred acres in the \ieinity of which many of his descendants now
reside. Some of Ids descendants have figured very largely in ship-
l)uilding, commerce, and prominent public service, not forgetting news-
paper enterprise. He married, 1770, Mary Blair, and died June 12,
182;?. She died December 27, 182C. Children:
i. Jane, b. 1770. m. Robert Young.
ii. Samuel,' b. 1772, m. 1802, Elizabeth, widow of .lohn DeWitt, and
dau. of Jonathan Leonard : Ch. : 1, Samuel Leonard, 1). April 7,
1804, m. Bethirt Robertson ; 'J, NViiliam, b. Feb. 2, 180(), ni. Miss
Burnhaiu, of Digby ; I!, .Irtrah, b. March 8, 1808, m. ISenjauiin
Sanders, of Rosette; 4, .) )hn, b. Nov. 2, 1809, ni. Margaret .1.,
dau. of Richard James, Esq ; 5, Seth, b. Sept. 22, 1811, d. Dec. 25,
1813 ; (), Louisa, b. Jun ; 25, 181.'{, ni. Benjamin Leonard,
Paradise ; 7, And)rose, b. ^May 23, 1815, m. Phebe Post, of Digby.
iii. John, b. 1774, d. 1840, m. 1803, Phebe Balcom : Ch. : 1, William,
m. Letitia Withers ; 2, Samuel, m. Oct. 2!», 1850, Elizabeth
McDormftnd ; 3, Maria, ni. William Wade : 4, Lydia, ni. Leonard
Wade ; 5, Jane, m. John Mills ; (i, Sarah, m. Stephen Troop ;
7, Rachel, m. Joshua Hawktsworth ; 8, (Jeorge, b. March 10,
1821, m. Bessie Bent ; 0, John, m Sarah Calnek ; 10, Gilbert,
b. July 4, 1823, m. Martha Tupper.
iv. Daniel, b. June 20, 1782, m. 18i)8, Susanna Young (dau. of William).
Shed. June 8, 1830: Ch. : 1, William Young, b. Nov. 17, 1809,
d. Sept. 8, 1835, unm. ; 2, .Mary, b. Nov. .'G, 1811, ui. Joshua
Hawkesworth ; 3, Ja ^es Parker, b. May 3, 1814, d. unm. ;
4, Miriam Jane, b. Juue 29, 1810, m. Wm. Chaloner, an Bnglish-
man living in Boston ; 5, Edward Thorne, b. Sept. 13, 1818, m.
Mi.ss Neville, Granville ; 0, Hannah Maria, b. Feb. 23, 1821, m.
(1st) Charles Edward Farnham, of Digby, (2nd) Frank Smith, of
St. John, a native of Ireland ; 7, Margaret Catherine, b. July 27,
1823 ; 8, Statira Ann, b. Jan. LHi, 1820, m. Abner Rice ; 9, Job
Young, b. Nov. 3, 1829, m. Miss Melick, of Wilmot.
V. Thomas, b. 1785, m. Sept. 15. 1811, Elizabeth Winchester (dau. of
Spencer) : Ch. : 1, Grace, b. June 28, 1812, in. Wir.slow Odell ;
2, Frances, b. Aug. 30, 1813, m. Wm. Letteney ; 3, Thomas, b.
Feb. 18, 1815, drowned June 8, 1835 ; 4, Hannah, b. June 11,
1810, m. Captain Wm. Bogart ; 5, Elizabeth, b. June 12, 1818, m.
(1st) Thomas Daley, (2nd) Moses Dykeman, (3rd) Rev. George
Armstrong ; G, Henry, b. March 3, 1820, drowned June 8, 1835 ;
7, Ann, b. Sept. 30, 1821, d. unm. ; 8, Henrietta, b. May 25,
1823, m. William Sullivan ; 9, Jacob, b. May 19, 1826, d. Nov.
14, 1828 ; 10, James, b. July 12, 1827, m. Miss Stackhouse ;
11, Edward, b. Oct., 1829, m., living in Texas ; 12, Samuel, twin
of Edward, m. Miss Cole, of Carleton, N.B., now in Dacotah ;
13, Stephen, b. March 3, 1832, m. 1854, Miss Watts, St. John,
N.B. ; 14, Mary Catherine, b. Juno 26, 1834, d. April 21, 1836.
M'DORMAN'l) — MKEN/IK. 547
McDoit.MAND. {Ihj Ihf Editov.) I iim indehted to Mr. Chute, author of
the " Chuto Genealogies, ' for tlie foUowiiin; information : William
McDorinanil, from an ancient Ulster family of Scotch origin and good
repute, removed witli his wife and family from the valley of th 3 Brandy-
wine to Annapolis in 17G1, under the auspices of Henry E\ans, and
occupied lot l), about three miles from the town. His sons were :
i. William, juii., 1). May, ll'.V), first settled in Digby, then at Oulli-
vlt's Cove, Digby Neck, and then again in Digby, ojcupyint; the
lot on which the IJaptist Cliiiich now stands, and d. before 1807.
His widow in that year opened her house for the first Baptist
services in that place. Ho ni. (Ist) Meribah, dau. of Win. Fitz-
(5eral<l, sen., of VVilmot ; (2nd) May L'5, 1802, Tabitha, dau. of
Joseph Webl)er, and wid. of (ieorge Schreibcr, a Loyalist : Ch.:
1, J.ine, m. .lames Robinson ; 2, Mary, ni. David Cossabooni ; 'A,
Margaret, m. Edward W., s. of John U. Small ; 4, Su.san ni. — ;
5, Sarah, m. John JlcKay ; (>, John, ni. — ; 7, James, ni. —
Sypher ; 8, Charles, iii .lane McKay,
ii. Robert, m. Mary Moriill, first settled in Digby, and in 1811
removed to Western I'anada, where she d. 1817, and he survived
several years : Ch.: 1, Xancy, ui. James Mclntyre ; 2, Mary, ni.
— ; 3, Rev. Cormac, ni. (1st) Miss Watt, (2nd) Prudence Morrill;
4, Rob.^rf, m. Rebecca Arnold ; 5, Thomas, m. (1st) Elizalxth
McDorniand, (2nd) Margaret Snow ; (», Wilson, m. Lucy Bnok-
man ; 7, Jane, m. David C(jssaboom ; 8, James, m. Deboiah,
dau. of Robert Morrill ; it, Tlev. William, m. Jerusha N\ -Mis.
iii. Thomas, m. 1790, Lavinia Webber, of Granville ; Ch.: 1, Joel, b.
1792, m. Jane Elizab^th Harris ; 2, John, m. Dorinda Whitman,
5 ch. ; 3, Joseph, m. in England ; t, William, a mariner ; o,
Elizabeth, d. young.
iv. James, m. Ann, <lan. of Juda'i Rice, liv<>(' a; Westporfc, Briar Island,
but removed to Port Burwell, (^nt.. alxiut 18i50 : Ch. : 1, Sarah,
m. Elisha Payson ; 2, James, fate miKuown ; .'i, Mary, m. Sanuiel
Teed ; Rachel, m. Francis Hai'ris, jun.; 5, Elizabeth, m. Thomas
McDormand ; 0, Jane, m. (1st) William Bailey, (2nu) Lemuel
Morehouse ; 7, Charlotte, m. John, s. of .lacob Medlar ; Frances,
m. Isaac Titus, jun.; !), Nelson, m. Eleanor McConnell ; 10,
Sidney, m. Sarah, dau. of Isaac Morehouse.
McKkxzie. As the name would clearly indicate, this family is of
Scotch origin. Alexander McKenzie, born about 1733, came over to
Halifax about the middle of the last century, soon came down to
Granville, and tiiere married in 1765, Mary, daughter of Walter
Wilkins, who was born in Halifax, proV)ably in 1749. They settled at
Stony Beach, below Granville Ferry. He died July 14, 1820. She died
1843, aged 93. Children:
i. Sarah, b. June 24, 176C, m. (ist) June 15, 1786, Joseph Thomas,
(2nd) 1829, Deacon Thomas Chute,
ii. Mary, b. 17<J8, d. young,
iii. Walter, b. May 4, 1770, a master mariner, d. probably unm. , Dec.
24, 1799, in his vessel, in Annapolis River,
iv. William, b. May 4, 1770, m. Hannah, dau. of Ebenezer Corning,
1795, lived at Stony Beach, d. March, 1859 : Ch. : 1, Alexander,
548 M'KENZIE— MESSEN(iEU.
1). May 4, 1700, in. Mary, dau. of Dr. Andrew Sidelor, 10 ch. ;
2, Bethiah, h. -Sept. 15, J7!*7, m. .Folin, son of Mana^seh Litch ;
H, Abigail, b. Sept, 1, 17!>!>, ni. James Martin, who d. seven
months biter ; 4, Mary, b. Aug. li, 1802, ni. (lilbert (Jress, 7 ch. ;
5, Hannah, b. June 7, 1804, in. James Litch ; 0, Elsie, b. April
6, 1807, 111. William Turple ; 7, Eleanor, b. June 27. 180!). m.
Thomas Sproul, jun. ; 8, Eliza M., b. Jan. 18, 1812, iii. (Ist) John
B., son of Jonathan McKenzie, (2nd) James Killain ; 0, Sarah A.,
b. May 1, 1813, m. Rev. .lohn (). Woodworth ; 10, Margaret Jane,
b. Sept. 3, 1815. m. Thomas, son of John Perry.
V. Abba, b. 1773, d. 177C.
vi. Elizabeth, b. 177H, m. Oct. 3, 17^0, Oeorge, son of Gideon Witt,
who came from Lynn, Mass.. to Granville, 13 ch.
vii. John, b. about 1779, a follower of Rev. Henry Alliiie, and an evan-
geli.st or preacher,
viii. Nancy, m. Paul Chesley.
ix. Alexander, b. 1784, m. (1st) Mary, dau. of Willoughby Sollows, of
Yarmouth, (2nd)Edith, dau. of Joseph Saunders, widow of William
Harri.s : Ch. : 1, Walter, m. Mary, dau. of Ansel Crosby ; 2,
William, m. Rachel, dau. of John Landers ; 3, Eleanor, m. Nathan,
son of Jabez Landers ; 4, Ruth, in. William, son of Isaac Balcoiu ;
5. Mary Caroline.
X. Susan, b. Sept. 2(), 1780, m. James C. Steadman.
xi. Mary, b. 17'J0, m. Henry, son of Abednego Ricketson, no ch.
Messenger. Henhy' Messexoeu came from England to Boston in
1637; married Sarah — , and had a son Thomas,'^ born 1661, who
married Elizabeth Mellows; they had a son Ebenezer,'' born in 1697,
who, in 1719, married Rebecca Sweetzer ; .and from this marriage came
Ebenezer* Messenger, jun., who was born in 1723 (or 1720), and came to
Nova Scotia with the other early Massachusetts settlers, liringing his
wife with him. She died, arid he married (2nd) Madame de Chevry, but
his children were by the first wife. He died at Annapolis in 1806, said
to be aged 86. His children were : 1, Ebenezer,'' who married Margaret
Hooper ; 2, Lydia, married William Lawrence ; 3, John. Ebenezer,''
who came with his father, married Margaret Hooper. Had children ;
i. Henry, m. Dec. 15, 1792, Anna Wilson, and had ch. : 1, Amelia, b.
1794, m., probably, Elijah Phiniiey; 2, Ann, b. 179H, ni. George
MuL.oe; 3, Henry, b. 1798, m. Hannah Abott, Och.; 4, Timothy,
b. 1800, ill. Eliza Messenger, 4 ch. ; 5, James, b. Dec. 15, 1801,
m. (Ist) Susan Thomas, 7 ch., (2nd) Grace (Smith) Marshall; <»,
David, b. Feb. 20, 1804, m. Catharine Parsons; 7, Mary, b. 1806,
m. Samuel Parker ; 8, Jane Elizabeth, b. 1807, d. 1828 ; 9, Michael
(or Lewis), b. 1809, m. (Ist) Pliebe Ann Bruce, (2nd) Grace
Payzant ; 10, Cynthia, b. 1811, in. Isaac Dodge ; 11, Eliza Ann,
b. Dec, 1813, d. Nov. 9, 1828; 12, Major, b. 1817, m. Sarah
Kinsman, 6 ch.
ii. John, m. 1808, Nancy Truesdell, 4 ch.
iii. Ebenezer, in. 1805, Mary Munroe : Ch. : 1, Thomasine, b. 180«},
111. William Benson ; 2, Ebenezer, b. 1808, ni. Margaret Bruce ;
3, Emily, b. 1810 ; 4, Louisa, b. 1813, m. James Craft ; 5, Eliza
Ann, b. 1816, in. Timothy Messenger ; (i, Maria, b 1819, m. John
Bruce ; 7, Armanilla, b. 1821, m. John T. Craft ; 8, Amelia,
b. 1824, m. — ; 9, Isaiah, b. 1826, in. Mehitable Sampson.
MESS^:NOER— MILBURY. 549
iv. Ezekiel, iii. Mary Ricketson ; Ch. ; 1, Obadiah, iii. Ann McGregor ;
2, Daniel m. ; l\ .Jordan, ni. Elizabeth Munrou; 4, Eli, m. Christina
MurNhall ; 5, Lawrence ni. 1832, Mary Ann Soper ; 0, Mary, m.
John Brinton ; 7, Phebo, ni. Andrew Munroe; 8, Eliza, in. William
Merritt ; '.>, .Susan, ni. (Ist) Beverley II. Marshall, (2nd) William
Brown ; 10, Elsie Ann ; 11, Lovicia ; 12, Enuneline ; 13, William
Henry, ni. Mary Roach ; 14, Nancy, b. 1820, in. Joshua Brinton,
b. 1819.
V. (lieorge Nuf^ent, b. 1784, ni. Mary Harrington, 4 ch.
vi. Thomas, m. Experience Bent, 3 ch.
vii. David, m. Abigail Bent, 8 ch
viii. Phebe, m. Reuben Balcom.
ix. Ann, m. William Longley.
X. Lydia, m. Daniel Bruce.
^IiLHUKY. Our author niiirle no note on the founder of this family,
except a nienioranduni that seems to indicate that he was from York, but
tlie autlior of the "Chute Genealo;{ies " says "from Ireland." It seems a
purely English name. Thomas Miluuuy married 1764, Elizabeth
Barnes (daughter of Natiianiel), and had children :
i. Thomas, b. 17(>.'', m. Phebe Saunders : Ch. : 1, Phebe, b. 1797, m.
Nathaniel Harris (son of Benjamin and g. son of Sanmel, of Yar-
mouth); 2, Thomas, b. 1799, drowned ; 3, Joseph, b. 1802, m.
1828, Rebecca Weare ; 4, David, b. 1803, d. 1804.
ii. Benjamin, b. 1707, m. Sarah Marshall (dau. of Solomon): Ch.: 1,
Mercy, m. (1st) James Bryan, (2nd) James Nickerson (perhaps
Nicholson); 2, Willard, m. Eunice, dau. of John Weaver ; 3,
Samuel, b. 1804, m. Mary, dau. of Silas Bent ; 4, Solomon, m.
(Ist) Phebe Sproul (dau. of W. Roach); 5, Benjamin, m. Clarissa,
dau. of John Viditoe (lived in Digby and d. by an accident. A son
Alfred Heiinj, being- partly brought up by a Savary, adopted that
surname, served in American navy and settled in United States);
6 and 7, Simeon and Thomas, b. 1810, d. soon ; 8, John Wesley,
b. 1812, m (1st) Hannah Ward (dau. of Jonas); 9, Lucinda, b.
1814, m. Asaph, son of Reis Stronach ; 10, Sarah Ann, b. 1817, m.
Edwin Downey ; 11, Whitfield, b. 1820, m. Eunice Sproul.
iii. .Tames, b. 1770, m. Sarah (Fletcher) Milbury : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b.
Dec. 14, 179(i, m. Priscilla, dau. of Wm. Chute ; 2, James, b.
July 8, 1798, m. Mary, dau. of Henry Milbury ; 3, Elizabeth, b.
July 27, 1800; 4, Henry, b. Oct. 18, 1801, m. Mary Young ; 5,
Susanna, b. Feb. 22, 180.'{, m. John Brown ; (5, Anna, b. Jan. 21,
1806, m. William Armstrong ; 7, Mary, b. June 21, 1807, m,
William Nichols ; 8, David F., b. Sept. 8, 1810, ni. Lacy Marshall
(dau. of Elisha) ; 9, Lucy, b. Nov. 17, 1812, m. James Lynam
Chute ; 10, John, m. Soraphina Chute (dau. of William) ; 11,
Elizabeth, b. Nov. 2, 1817, m. Harrington Messenger ; 12,
Fletcher, b. July 30. 1819, m. Sarah J. Sproul.
iv. Mary, b. 1772, m. Demotte Durland.
v. Elizabeth, b. 1774.
vi. Joseph, b. 177<5, d. at sea.
vii. Henry, b. 1778, m. (Ist) 1804, Sarah, dau. of John Wade, (2nd)
Mary (Fletcher) Young : Ch.: 1, Ma y, b. 1805, m. James Mil-
bury ; 2, David, b 1807, m. Margaret Bent ; 3, John, b. 1809,
m. Mary Ehzabeth Longley ; 4, Phebe, b. 1812, m. i3enjamin
Farnsworth ; 5, James Priestly, b. 1815, m. Henrietta Clark ;
(5, Stephen, b. 1817, m. Mary Bent ; 7, Seth, b..l819, m. (1st)
550 MILHURV— MIIJ.ER.
Keziiih Kody, (2iitl) Eliziiboth Crooks; 8, Edward, 1». J82;^ in.
Miirj^aret Holliind.
viii. Sfiiiiuel, 1) 1780, in. (Ist) Kiity Nyo, (2iid) Elizahctli Fowlor.
ix. Kicliiird, 1). 1782, in. Pliohe Evorett.
X. Sanili, I). 178r), iii. .Joseph T. liiirnes.
Mn.LEU. Fkancts Millkk came, accordiiii,' to family tni<lition, from
New York to (jlranvillo not loiij,' after the Ma.ssacliusetts settl(>rs of 17G0.
In 1770 he liad, accoidinj; to the census returns, 8 chilfh-en, G of wliom
were of Nova Scotian birtli. His ehlest son Henry, wlien a youn^ man,
returned to New York, where an iinch^ residtsd, married and h^ft fle.seend-
ants tliere. His son Francis removed to Dear River, niarrie<l Kachcl, a
daujLtliter of William Clark, and Jacob, at the time of his marriaye, settled
in Wilmot. He married MoUey and liad children :
i. Henry, h. 17<>i>, m. and lived in New York,
ii. Catherine, 1). 17<>8, in. Zehiilon Durland.
iii. Molley, 1). 1770, m. Richard Clarke,
iv. Adam Francis, 1). 1771, ni. 180.5, Racliel Clark : Ch.: 1, Thoina.s, h.
1800, m. Mary Wade ; 2, William, h. 1808, m. Sarah Ann Harris;
li, Mary. J). 1810, m. William Dunn ; 4, Sophia, h. 1812, m.
•Joseph Rice ; .5, Nelson, li. 1811, m. Harriet (jilliat ; (5, Margaret
Ann, h. 1814, iii. Jacoh Trmip.
V. .Jacob, h. 1774, m. 1708, Sarah Durland : Ch.: 1, Mary, 1). 1700, m.
Georj,'e Dowlby ; 2, Georj^e, 1). 1800, m. (Ist) Eliza IJhodes, (2nd)
Catherine Cropley ; -i, Eliza, b. 1802, in. William Slocomb ; 4,
Phebe, b. 1804, m. .John Bent ; 6, Martha, b. 1800 ; (5, Sarah, b.
1808, 111. Thomas Nee ; 7, Louisa, b. 1810, m. .John Cropley ; 8,
Francis, li. 1812, in. Elizabeth Slocomb : 0, .John, b. 1810, m.
Phebe Hayes ; 10, .Jacob, b. 1814, m. Cecilia Morse ; 11, Henry,
b. 1810, 111. Lavinia Slocomb.
Michael Milleii, of German extraction, a New York Loyalist, by
tradition of the same family as the last named, but not within known
d<»grees of relationship, married (1st) Sarah, daughter of Solomon Farns-
wDith, (2nd) 1801, Susanna Grimes. Children :
i. Solomon Farnsworth, m. Sarah Travis, and had ch.: 1, Ann, m.
(Ist) .John Morrison Wade ; 2, Mary .Jane, in. Stephen Fowler ;
3, Elizalieth, d. unm.; 4, ()livia, m. Henry Bent; 5, .John, d.
uniii.; 6, Solomon, d. unm.; 7, Solomon, m. Elizabeth Easson ;
8, William E., m. Jane Easson.
ii. William, d. unm.
iii. Harris, in. 1818, Sarah Gaskell : Ch.: 1, Sophia, h. 1810, m. (Ist)
Eaton Chute, (2nd) Solomon Chute ; 2, Micliael, b. 1822, m.
Elizabeth Chute ; 3, William, b. 1826, m. Elizabeth Sanders ; 4,
Beniainin, I). 1828, m. Catharine Sanders ; 6, Mary, m. Alexander
Witt.
iv. Edward, d. unm.
V. James, m. 1822, Eleanor Ch.indler : Ch.: 1, Eliza Matilda, b. 1824,
m. (Ist) Charles Lingley, (2nd) Thomas Delap ; 2, Sarah Ann, b.
182(5, ill. (1st) Jacob Bogart, (2nd) Charles Mills ; 3, Catherine,
b. 1828, d. unm.; 4, James Edward, h- 1830, lu. Horatia Stead-
man ; 6, Weston Hicks, b. 1832, m. Almaretta Sanders ; 0, Lois,
in. David Tucker ; 7, Louisa, I). 1830, m. James Harvey.
MILLER— MIM.S—MII.XEH. SVI
l}y second wife :
vi. Hanloy, d. iiiini.
vii. Tlionms Iliiiiley, li. lHOr>.
viii. lVlich(U'l, 1). 1^07, m. 18154, Lucy Ann Merry ; .'J sons d. mini.,
sovuriil divua.
ix. .:.iivn,h Ann, 1». 1808.
,\. Ji'Cdl) Edwjird, li. 1812, d. uinn.
xi. Irene Salome, d. unni.
Mills. The Mills family of Uraiivilk' are a branch of a family lony
domiciled at or near Scarborough, Yorkshii'c, whose patronymic was
Milnes, the change in the spelling of the name being adopted about the
time of the arrival of the innnigrant ancestoi- in Nova Scotia. Milnes
is a conspicuous name among the gentry of Derbyshire, which adjoins
Yorkshire on the .south. Three brothers, who.se father's Christian name
is lost, but whose mother's maiden name was said to be Milner, came
over about 177.'i or 1774. The eldest, Francis, nevei- married. He was a
magistrate for several years and highly esteemed. William Mills, the
next eldest, married Hannah McConnick, and had children : 1, John,
long a J. P. and leading merchant and ship-builder, m. Jane McCoiinick ;
the father of Joii.v B. Mills, Esq., M.P., 10 children in all; 2, Elizabeth,
m. David Withers[)Oon : 3, Ann, m. Robert Witherspoon ; -l, Robert, m.
Jane Amberman, 4 children; 5, William, m. Emily Troop, 9 children;
6, David, m. Mary Halfyard, 11 children.
Jlobert Mills, the youngest, married Hannah Lovett, and had
children : 1, Robert, m. Lucy Hall, (5 children ; 2, Sarah Ann, m. Alfred
Troon.
There was an Elizabeth Mills, m. Oct. 12, 1790, John Weatherspoon,
jun., perhaps a sister of the three immigrant brothers.
MiLXKR. JoN.\TiL\N MiLNEK was l)orn in Yorkshire, England, ard
came to this province in the last quaiter of the last century. He married
Ann Oliver, was a farmer, and settled in Clements. Another immigrant
named Milner, distinctly cognate, settled in Cranville in 1812. Children :
i. John, b. about 177^), m. Tamar, dau. of Daniel Pine : Ch.: I, Mary,
b. 1804, d. unm. ; 2, Sarah Ann, b. 1806, m. James Fraser, jun.;
3, John K., ni. Dorcas Piuckney ; 4, Rebecca, m. Samuel VVest-
lake ; 6, Hannah, d. uniii. ; 6, Daniel P., b. 1810, m. Ann Mott
(dau. of John).
ii. Jonathan, jun. m. (1st) Lois Potter, (2nd) Hannah, dau. of Daniel
Pine: Ch.: 1, Ann, b. about 1800, ni. Daniel W. Milner;
2, John, b. 1810, d. 1840 ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Mary Ann, m. Peter,
son of Thos. Berry (his 2nd wife) ; 4, Samuel, ni. Mary Eliza
Jones ; 6, SutliflFe, ui. Cecilia Kiley ; 6, Louisa, m. Ezekiel
Sanford.
iii. Thomas, ni. (Ist) Elizabeth Warner, (2nd) Nancy Ham, wid. of
Jacob Weilant : Ch. : 1, Daniel W. , ni. Anna, dau. of Jonathan
Milner ; 2, Thomas H. m. Lovicia, d:ii'.. of James Wright (no
5.')2 MILLEIl— MOIWE.
issue) ; 3, Frederic, iii. Bethiah, dnu. of .Tames Wrif^ht ; 4, James,
III. Mary, daughter uf Andrew Dukeshire ; 5, Mary, iii, William,
son of JaiiieH Wrij^ht ; <$, Hannah, m. Ward VVright ; 7, .1.
Conrad, m. Diadaina, dau. «)f Wm. Spurr ; 8, .Joshua, b. 181(j,
in. Sarah Hinos ; », Oliver, d. aged 20; 10, Elsie, I). 1822, m.
John Potter (son of BenJHiuin) ; (by 2nd wife): 11, William, m.
Martha LeC'iiin (dau. .'f Thomas); 12, Rebecca, m John, son of
Peter Berry ; KJ, Ann Oliver, iii. Edward Manning Sanford.
iv. Sarah, d. unni., aged 80.
V. Elche, m. John Trimper.
vi. Beulah, d. unni., aged about 70.
vii. Mary, d. unin., aged about 75.
viii. Anna, in. William McNeill.
ix. Elizabeth, in. 1814, Benjamin Lecain, and d. 18(».5, aged 87. Ho
d. 18<)2.
MoKSK. S.\.MUKL MoiisK,' born in England, l.oS.'J, was son of Rev
Thomas Morse, of Foxeuitli, Essex County, England, and with wife
Elizabeth came to New England in the ship Increase, Robert Ijce,
master, in 1625, and .settled at Dedhani, and died at Medfield, Mass.,
April 5, 1654, aged 69. His eldest son, Daniel,-' born in 1613, married
Lydia , and lived in Medfield and Sherborn, Mass., and died June 5,
1688, leaving a son Daniel,'' born 1640, who married 1661), Elizabeth
Barbour, of Sherborn, and died Sept. 29, 1702. His -son Daniel,* born
July 10, 1672, married Susannah Holbrook, 1696, and died 1717; had
a son Obadiah," born at Sherborn, Aug. 15, 1704, married 1728, Mercy
Walker, and died in 1753. This Obafliah was the father of Abner and
Sf nuel Morse, who came to this count}', and were grantees in the
township of Annapolis.
AiixER MoRSK, born in Sherborn, Mass., 1731, married, 1754, Anna
Ciiurch, and had children :
i. Abner, jun. (called Capt. Abner), b. Dec. <!, 175<i, d. Dec. 4, IS^Jl),
m. (1st) 1774, Elizabeth, dau. of Timothy Saunders, (2nd) May
27, 179.'{, Nancy, dau. of Handley Chipman : Ch.: 1, Ann, m.
Henry Balcom ; 2, Church,* b. 1777, m. 1800, Elizabeth Parker
(dau. of Nathaniel) ; 3, Diadaina, in. Nathan Parker, jun. ; 4,
Hannah, b. 1782, m. Henry Alline Parker; 5, Rachel, b. 1788,
m. William McGregor; (by 2nd wife): (», Hanley C, b. May 7,
1705, m. Jerusha, dau. of Asa Tupper ; 7, Elizabeth, b. March 2,
1797, m. 1813, Deacon .John Wilson ; 8. Rebecca, b. April 9,
1799, m. William, son of Thomas Bishop ; 9, Abigail, b. Ajiril 23,
1801, m. Andrew Marshall, jun.; 10, Lucy Grant, b. 1803, m.
John VanNordeii ; 11, Caroline, b. March 7, 1805, m. Abel
* Our author makes Church Morse the twelfth chilil of the first Abner an<l Anna
Clmroh. I have followed Mr. Chute's later conclusion with some doubt. Church
liad children : 1, Helen, b. April fi, 1801, in. Abner Parker ; 2, Bcnaiah, b. Dec. 22,
1802, in. (1st) Elizabeth (widow Baker), dau. of John Robinson, (2nd) Klizfibeth Cutler;
3, Jonathan, ni. Elizabeth, <lau. of Samuel Spinney ; 4, Elizabeth, b. lian. 17, 1807,
in. (Ist) James Saunders, (2nrl) William Copeland ; 5, Nathan Parker, b. Dec. 12,
1809, m (1st) Mary A. Roach, (2nd) Elizabeth Elliott ; 6, Charlotte, b. and d. 1812 ;
7, Abner, b. July 1, 1813, m. Nov. 9, 1834, iMary Elizabeth, dau. of Elijah Purdy.
MOUSE. 553
Banks ; 12, Einineliiie, b. July 4, 1807, ni. Edward liauukiiiiiti ;
13, Harriet, h. .June 22, 180!), ni. Anibroso Podlii ; 14, Abnor, b.
Nov. 15, 1811, in. Sarah Ann. dau. of David Morse ; 15, Eunice,
b. 1814, ui. (Ist) Stephen Harris. (2nd) J«nie8 Purdy, (.'Ird) John
Bennett, of Digby.
ii. Anna, b. Nov. .'10, 1758, ni. Jacob Troop.
iii. Elizabeth, b. March 2, 17<)1 (in N.S.), ni. James Chute.
iv. Obadiah, b. Feb. l.'l, 170.'{, m. Hannali Chute : Ch. : 1, Sophia, b.
Ai)ril <J, 17«H, ni. March 2!>, 1807, Robert Neily ; 2, Peter, b. Oct.,
1788, m. 1811, Mary, dau. of .Jt>hn Wheelock ; ;'., Judith, b. Sept.
l.'{, 17iH, ni. Sept. .'U), 1815, (Jtiy, son of Lemuel Newton ; 4,
Alexander, b. 17!>;{, m. (Ist) March II, 181(i, Amy Chesley,
(2nd) Mary Ann Truesdale, iier half-sister ; 5, Abner, b. July 21>,
175)5, m. (1st) Feb. 22, 1821, Margaret, dau. of John Hick.s,
(2nd) Oct. Ki, 18;{4, Mary, dau. of Jonathan Parker, (3rd) 185(i,
Caroline S., dau. of Archibald Hicks; (>, Luther, b. May 28, 175>8,
ni. (1st) ( )ct. 12, 18:W, Mary, dau. of Fairfield Woodbury, (2nd)
Nov. (i, 1851, Emily Dodge ; 7, Lavinia, b. Aug. 14, 1801, m.
Stephen Taylor ; 8, Theresa, b. 1803, m. John Hicks, jun. ;
9, Hannah Maria, b. April 8, 1800, m. Jan. 20, 1820, Rev. Obed
Parker ; 10, Obadiah, jun., b. Dec. 20, 1800, m. Sept. 11, 1834,
Minetta, dau. of Asa and Ruby Foster.
v. Jonathan, b. July 0, 17<>5, m. (1st) Margaret Beckwith, (2nd) Lucy
Grant, 2 divus.
vi. Silas, b. Aug. 2(5, 1707, ni. (1st) July 25, 1701, Helen, dau. of Capt.
Grant, (2nd) Elizabeth Osborne, wid. of John H. Chipman, (3rd)
Sarah Bishop, wid. of Daniel Chipman : Ch. : 1, Robert Grant,
b. 1794, d. about 1820 ; 2, William Haliburton, b. 1796, m. 1824,
Catharine, dau. of Joseph Troop; (by 2nd wife): 3, Silas L.
(Barrister, Q.C.), d. unm. ; 4, John Osborne, m. (1st) Rhoda
Parker, (2nd) Harriet Stephens ; 5, Helen G.; 0, Sarah, b. 1812 ;
7, Charles, b. 1815, m. Miirgaret Henderson ; 8, Elizabeth, b.
1810, m. .James Smith, Windsor ; 9, Thomas A., b. Jan. 23, 1820,
ni. Marguerite Maria, dau. of George B. Oxley.
vii. Mercy, b. Feb. 3, 1770, m. (Jeorge, .son of Valentine and Katy Troop,
viii. Daniel, b. Feb. 5, 1772, m. .Jane, dau. of Isaac Woodbury : Ch. :
1, Sampson, d. at 4 years ; 2, Susan, m. Abel Parker ; 3. Seraph,
m. Amos Patterson ; 4, Daniel, m. Susanna Parker ; 5, Isabel,
m. Sidney Welton ; 6, Jane, m. Rev. David Chase ; 7, Leverett,
m. Hannah Chase.
ix. John Martin, b. July 21, 1774, m. Nov., 1798, Jane, dau. of Rev. T. H.
Chipman : Ch. : 1, William Huston, b. 1799, m. Miriam Parker ;
2, Mary A., b. 1801, m. Jonathan Crane; 3, Louisa, b. 1805, m.
Elijah Parker ; 4, Margaret, b. 1809, m. John Balcom (son of
Henry) ; 5, Evaline, b. 1811, m. Edward Parker ; 0, Gaines, b.
1813, d. young ; 7, M. Rosenblade, b. Oct. 23, 1815, m. Char-
lotte Johnson ; 8, Rev. .John Chipman, b. 1819, m. (Ist) Isabel,
dau. of Abner Woodworth ; (2nd) Frances L. Dakin (dau. of
Edward) ; 9, Eliza Q., m. Isaac Hamilton.
X. David, b. Jan. 10, 1777, m. Hannah, dau. of John Hicks, jun. : Ch. :
1, Constant, m. Sarah Simgster ; 2, Edward, m. Elizabeth Spurr,
wid. of William Ditmars ; 3, John A , m. Sarah Smith ; 4, David,
jun., m. Harriet Morse (dau. of Jonathan C.) ; 5, William, d.
1894, aged 80 ; 0, Lucinda, m. James, son of Stephen Bent ;
7, Mary, m. Ansley, son of John Brown ; 8, Sarah Ann, m.
Abner Morse, 2nd jun.
xi. Abigail, b. April 18, 1779, d. Aug. 18.
xii. Hannah, b, Oct. 14, 1780, m. Moses Rice (son of Judah).
') ')4. M( )11SK — MOIIT* )N.
SxML'Ki, MoKSK WHS l)(»iM lit Slierborii, Mass., 17.'59, nmiriiMl about
17*)', Lydia Cliurcli. (Miildrcii :
i. Samuel, 1). nlioiit 17<iH, in. 17!>ti, Aiiiorot, dan. of Elias Wiicelofk :
Cli.: 1, Klias, 1). ITiW, ni. I-ncy Houhnor ; 'J, Samuol, 1). ISIX), iti.
Kli/,a, dull, of SteiihfU lioelmt'i-; .">, Major, h. March l<!, 1802, in.
Margaret Kciiiicdy ; 4, Aiiioret, b. 18(14, d. 1825, unin. ; .">, Anilicrst
Martin, b. 18(l(i. in. Su.saii buoiiaid ; C, Abigail, l>. 18()'.t, d. lHl'7;
7, Wfllini!t..n. 1>. 1812, d. 1818 ; 8, Sophia, b. 1815, ni. Stilinian
Kent ; !t, Lydia, b. 1818.
ii. Aaron, b. Dvr. 5, 177<>, in. (1st) \7*Mi, Eluanor .Mc(irei,'(>r, (2nd)
1828, as liur third iui.shand. FrancL'« Fariisworth, wid. of llt-v.
.lames Manniiii; and lloiiry Troop : Cli. ; 1, Aaron, b. 179<>, in.
Sorapli, drtu. of Michael Martin ; 2, Fjydia A., b. Dee. 2, 17i)7, ni.
K/.ekiel Ciiute ; '.i, William, in. Lavinia, dan. of ^bijor Chipmaii ;
4, Kdward Manning, ni. (1st) Mary Ann, dan (jf ^N illiain Bisliop,
and wid. of Israel Longloy, (2n(l) Lucretia C. Cro.scnp, wid. of
Israel Delap ; 5, .lo.sepii, ii. 180IJ, d. uiiin. ; (>, Eleanor, b. 18U8,
m. ilaines Starratt ; 7, Henry Alline, b. 1813, in. Mary Elizabeth,
dan. of I'eter IStarratt.
iii. Jonathan Church, m. 1800, Susanna, dau. <jf William Longley; Ch. :
1, Samuel Eilw.ird, b. 1801, in. Sar.ih Ann FJUiott (dau. of John);
2, I.srael Longley, in. Susan Sturiney ; ;{, Eliza, b. May 2.5,
1805, m. Asapii Marshall ; 4, Susan Harriet, b. 1807, ni. David
Moise, jun.; 5, Lucy Adelia, 1). 1810, m. Arthur, son of John J.
Palmer ; (i, Caroline Herdersay, b. 1813, in. Lawrence Piiiuney ;
7, Minetta, b. 1817, in. Wairen Longley ; 8, Mary Cecilia, b. 1821,
ni. Jacob Miller, juii.
iv. Lydia, m. Samuel V'oung.
V. (irace, in. Asa])h Longley.
vi. Abigail, m. Obadiah Parker.
The Rev. Arzarclah Morse, descended probably from William, v .o
came from Marlborouf^h, Wilts, to Newbury, in 1(')35, born January 10,
1745, B.A. Harvard 1761, was in Annapolis County between 1770 and
1790; perhaps later. His daughter Diadama married Michael Spurr,
jun. (See Spurr.)
Morton. Joseph Morton came from Massachusetts in 1760, returned
to settle liis affairs there, and it is said was, while in the harbor of
Boston, accidentally thrust overboard from the deck of the vessel on
which he was about coming back, by a friend with whom he was trying
his skill as a wrestler, and notwithstanding all efforts to rescue him lie
was drowned. For his ancestry see memoir of John Elkantih, M.P.P.
T cannot fix the parentage of tliis? Joseph among several of the name
who can be traced.* His only son Joseph mtirried in 1771, Eleanor
Blood, and after her death, Ruth Parish, and had children :
i. Susanna, b. 1772, m. Thomas Dcdge.
ii. Solomon, b. 1774, ni. Mary Roborts : Ch. : 1, Martha, ni. David
Leavitt ; 2, Eliza, m. Thomas Dakin (Digby Co.); 3, Eunice, in.
Edmund Banks ; 4, Allen, m. — ; 6, Abraham, m. — Merritt ;
C, George ; 7, Levi ; 8, Lucy Ann, m. — Bryan ; 9, Solomon.
* He is certainlv one of the Josephs mentionet! in Davis' "Landmarks of
Plymouth," p. 190. " .
MORTON— Ml'XKOK. .).).'>
iii. Oliviii, h. 17"ti, ni. Mohoh ItiiiikH.
iv. Alinilimn, ti. 177H, d. 1844, in. Miriam UohcrtK : Ch.: 1, Miutlm
Hull, I). JH(CJ, III. Iti.l) rt K.,.stor ; L', .losoi.li. li. 1H05, iii. Dolionih
Moi'Ho ; ;>, NN'illiaii), li. IH(I7, in. Mnvy Alorelioiim' ; 4, Lydin. li.
1«04, (I. 18(»r> ; 5, SihiH U., !>. IHOit, d. ulnoiul ; ti, Lyiliii. h. IHII;
7, Miiiy Aim, 1>. IHl.'i, m. Willimn Diikiii ; H, Su«un, h. 1815, in.
.John i)fikiii ; !», CliaileH, 1.. 1M1!» ; l(», S,uali .lime, li. 1H2:<, in.
Iliilioit ('<iNsiil)(>(nii ; II, .J:iiii('s W'liitiiey, 1). lK;i5, m. Sojiluii
MorchouHo ; 12, Dimiol D.. 1). IH"_'7, in. (lat) Ciiiiriottt; Ffirns-
worth, ('Jnd) Adokide .loidivii ; j:i, Elkaiia, h. IKHt, in. Kliza
Welch.
V. Fredonc, 1>. 17H0, in. (1st) 1800, Hiichel FariiHWoitli, (2iid) Sarah
VVhitinan, (.".rd) Kli/.al.oth C.iisins : Cli.: 1, Uachul, !>. 1801t, m.
Ahraiiain Fu.stor ; (liy liiid wil'u) : 2, Sniali, 1>. 181 1, m. Amos
Fall's ; 3, Daiiitd \V , 1), 1812, in. Margaret 15ass; 4, /acoheus, b.
I8i;{, in. Kli/.a (ioiild; Ti, Alary, li. ]81t), in. (li'orj^o Valentino;
(i, SiiH.tiina, li. 1818,111. William ilawkins ; 7, l{(diurt S., b. 1820,
m. (iaiiiiah Mnrso.
vi. Alotliua, b. 1782, m. Miriam Uolierts.
vii. F]diiiuiid, b. 1784, m. SuHaii Harris; Ch. : I, .loseph, b. 1812, m.
Matilda Woodbury ! 2, KK aiior IJlood, b. 1815, m. Daniel
Starratt ; 'A, William Fairfield, b. 1810, m. -Clark; 4, Aniii
Maria, b. 1818, ni. P'oster Woodbury ; o, .lames Itobert, b. IHI'.t,
III. Lucy (iates ; it, Joliii, b. 1821, in. Louisa Taylor ; 7, Louisa
b. 182:5, 111. John McXeill ; 8, Eliza, b. 182(>.
viii. Eleanor, b. 178(t, in. IJenjamiii Taylor.
ix. Thoiiiasine, b 1788, in. .Stephen Taylor.
X. Huldah, b. 17'J0, died with her mother,
liy second wife :
xi. .lames, b. 1795.
MuNROK. See memoir of LiKrx.-CoL. Hexky Muxkok, M.P.P., the
ancestor of tliis family. He nmrriecl 1767, Sarah Hooper, and liad
children :
i. George, b. 17(58, in. Lucretia Cliesley : Ch.: 1, George, m. Ann
Me.ssenger ; 2, Sarah, in. Ezekiel Newct>mb; and probably others.
ii. Henry, b. 1770, m. 18G(>, Elizabeth Green, b. 1782, d. 1874 : Ch. : 1,
Ennis, b. 1800, ni. Miriam Young ; 2, Henry, b. 1808, in. Susan
Young ; .'1, Maria, b 1810, unm. ; 4, Mercy, b. 1813, ni. Thomas
Crocker ; 5, Sarah, b. 1813, m. Charles Henry Green ; 6, Rachel,
b. 1815, in. Ray Hewland ; 7, Catherine, b. 1817, in. Henry
Smith ; 8, Margaret, b. 1817, m. Henry Dodge ; 0, Thomas
Green, b. 1817, ni. Rebecca Kent (these three were triplets); 10,
Mary, b. 1820, unni. ; 11, Elizabeth, b. 1821, m. George Young ;
12, Martha, b. 1823, in. John Angel ; 13, James Edward, b.
1820, m. (Ist) Patience Wilcox, (2nd) Dora Yates.
iii. John, b. 1772, m. 179!), Eva Bohaker : Ch. : 1, Andreas, b. 1800,
m. Phebo Messenger ; 2, John, b. 1803, m. (1st) , (2nd)
Sarah Picket ; 3, William Henry, b. 1806, m. Hannah Hall ; 4,
Michael Bohaker, b. 1808, m. Loretta A. Newcomh ; 5, Daniel, b.
1810, m. (Ist) Olivia Ann Stevens, (2nd) Elizabeth Lent ; 0,
Wellington, b. 1812, d. 1838 7, Foster, b. 1815, m. Caroline
Jarvis.
iv. Robert, b. 1774, m. 1806, Penelope Green (dau. of Thomas) : Ch. ;
1, Caroline, b. 1807, in. Rev. Nathaniel Vidito ; 2, Thomas, b.
1808, m. Tryphena Dolliver ; 3, .Tohn, b. 1809, m. Matilda
o')(i MUNIlo— NKILV.
Burke ; 4, Kliznl>etli, b. IHIO, m. .lonlnn Musnungui- ; 5, Alfred,
b. 1812, III. Miiry Ann MHcphor.soii ; (i, VhIoiiuiio, ni. Dol)<>r.ib
iSiiiitli (tbui. of .liiinuH mill Kfltliur Siivery Smith, of lJi)jl>y Co,) ;
7, Milliib^u, b. 1817, il. iinin. ; 8, Sopliin, b. 1818, in. .folm
Mnnroo ; i», Ponelopo, b. 18^0, in. Williuin Kldi-r Thoiims ; 10,
Dediitb, b. 1822, in. Uiohiird Murry ; 11, (iuorfjiim, b. 182:<, ni.
Williuin lieiicli ; 12, Mary, b. 1825, in. Abriihiiin TlioiniiH ; 13,
William Hnllee, b. 1827, m. Maria .Shipley ; 14, Robert, b. 1830,
ni. .Snsitn Marshall.
V. David, b. 177<i, m. (1st) llhoda Simpson, (2iid) F]lizal)etli Katlierns:
Ch. : 1, Hobort, <l. nnin. ; 2, .lohn, in. Sophia Munroo ; •'. Uvvid
DavidHoii, m. Abigail WiucheHter ; 4, Sarah, d. unin. ; 5,
Ethelinda, ni. Daniel MeHseiiger ; (by 2iid wife) : (i, Alexander,
b. 18Hi, 111. Rachel Dakin ; 7, Walter, b. I81<.>, in. Julia Dakin ;
8, Lncinda, b. 1817; !>, Naney, b. 1821, unni. ; 10, Allan, b. 1823,
d. nnm.; 11, Rutl'ee, li. 1827, m. Froelovo Sharp ; 12, Kunice, b.
1825 ; 13, Paulino, b. 1H2".>, d. unin. ; 14, Helen, b. 1833, m.
— Stevens.
vi. Elizabeth, b. 1778, in. William Ruffee.
vii. Sarah, b. 1780, in. (Ist) David Hendrick, (2nd) Francis Crabb.
Neilv. Joskpii Neily, with bn)ther Houeut inui brother-in-law
Jaiiips Ueagh, who had marriod his sister Martha, arrived in the Province
about 17G5, and .spent some time near Windsor, where lie married .Jane
Clark, daughter of his employer, John Clark, a leading farmer there.
He was the son of John Neily, and was born in the north of Ireland
about 1745. In 176H they came to this country, and Josepii .settled on
the f.irm next east of the Wilniot Creek, llobert lived awhile on the
adjoining lot, and then removed to Walton, Hants County, Joseph had
children :
i. Joseph, m. 1805, Catharine Durland : Ch. : 1, Ward, b. 1807, m.
Caroline Young ; 2, Joseph Clark, m. Eliza M. Porter ; 3, Irene,
b. 1810, m. Edward Brown; 4, Harriet P., b. 1812, m. Daniel
North ; 5, Catharine, b. 1813, m. Moses Young ; <i, Mary, b. 1810,
m. Willett Gates ; 7, E. Kinsman, b. 1818, m. Charlotte Fitzran-
dolph ; 8, Cioorgo, b. 1820, in. Susan Banks ; 0, .James Parker,
b. 1822, ni. Rebecca Banks ; 10, Ann, b. 1825. m. William Hians.
ii. Ro'iert, m. (1st) 1807, Sophia Morse, (2nd) Elizabeth Gates, ti^e
Goucher : Ch. : 1. Susan .Jane, b. 1808, m. (1st) .James Parton,
(2nd). John Hard wick ; 2, .John Clark, b. 1810. m Georgina Merry ;
3, Sarah, b. 181.3, m. John Berteaux ; 4. Obadiah, b. 1810, m.
Eliza Balcoin (no issue) ; 5, Samuel Theophilus, b. 1818, m. Sarah
Wheolock ; 0. Robert Voorhies, b. 1820, m. lioah Burchille, d.
1850 ; 7, James B., b. 1823, ra. Amelia Bishop ; 8, William A.,
b 1825, ni. Elizabeth Grant ; 0, Iiigraham Elder, b. 1828, m.
Mary Schafner ; 10, Adoniram Burton, b. 1831, m. Lucy Bishop.
iii. John, m. 1803, Elizabeth Du-land : Ch.: 1, Jiebulon, b. 1806, m.
Mary Foster ; 2, Bobjrt, b. 1807, m. Ann Woodbury ; 3, Jacob,
b. 1800, m. Lucy Ann Welton ; 4, George, b. 1811, m. Sarah
Spinney ; 5, Maria Durland, b. 1813, m. Parker VVelton ; G.
Susanna Inglis, b. 1810, m. William Rhodes ; 7, Andrew Inglis,
b. 1810, in. Lydia Saunders ; 8, John, b. 182.3, m. Helen Wilson ;
9, William, b. 1825, m. (Ist) Anne Marshall, (2nd) Eliza Jacijues ;
10, Joseph, b. 1827, m. Su.san Blair.
NEILY— NICHot.S. 557
iv. (loorKo, III. (iHt) Eli/Jiliotli (JiiteH. ('Jiul) Cutliiiriiio Wivlker : Cli. :
1, Williitiii, '). iiiiiii ; 'J, Muleii, III. AiiHtiii Wultoii ; .'(, Joliii Clark,
III. Kiiiiico iSiiiKltonl ; (by 2ii(l wifu) : 4, (iciir^tu, in. Emily I'ltliiiur ;
I'l, Ai'cliilmld, III. ■luiiu Abliott ; )t. Mui'){iii'ut Ann, in. William
Wdodliiiry ; 7, Emily, in. .Iiiiiiua I'liinier ; H, .Imu'. in. Tlitiiiuis
iliiiulloy SiiuiKlurs : '.), ,lo8u|)h, in. ('diivillii W'eltoii ; 10, Kuhhii,
in. •Ihiiiuh Crni^.
V. I'oter, III. IHIl, Ann Wilson (of I'lirrshoio') ; Ch. : 1, .lohii. h. 1HI2 ;
2, Aiiiiii, I). 1)S1,'{, (1. iinni. ; ,1, Jitiio, li. 1815 ; 4, Aiiiiu ; o, Iliuliard
WIIhoii, d. uiini.; tt, Keliecca Wilson, h. IHIH.
vi. Miiry, in. iloivli liakur.
vii. Miirjiarct, ni. (Ut), — Mumford, (2iid)— .
viii. .laiiu, in. .lohii WtHt.
ix. Frniicis, in. /uliina Itoauli.
Niciloi.s. Prolwibiy the name Richunl Nichols in tlif ciipitiitidii tax
list of 1791 may hv nimnt foi Tiiom.as Kh'IIaimis Xiciiolh, son of VVilliain,
u Loyalist, who was desccudi'd from a younger son of Colonel Nichols,
(lovernor of New York early in the eighteenth century, and who settled
in Connecticut ; perhaps a giand.son. >Ie married Mary Richards.
Tradition says while in service on the loyal side he was taken prisoner
and treated with great .severity. He was much feared and dreaded by the
enemy, and being informed it was their design to put him to death on
some pretext, he jilanned an escape. He and other prisoners seized and
gagged the inner guard, secured his musket, overpowered all opposition,
and e.scalading the outer wall of the prison, Hed to the nearest forest,
through which they pushed toward the Delaware River, which then
formed the limit of the rebel lines. Finding no lM)at there, his com-
panions shrank from the attempt to cross the river, then filled with
floating ice, as fraught with certain death. " My capture will be the
signal of certain death to me," .said he as he sprang in, and fighting his
way among the ice-floes, succeeded in reaching the opposite shore, a feat
which caused his death a few months later from the chill he received.
His widow, with her three sons ad one daughter, came here in 17H3
with the Loyalists, and afterwards married Ezekiel Welton. Descend-
ants are in Kings County, Eastern Aimapolis and, I think, Digby
County. Another branch of this family, George K. Nichols, a nephew
in some way, 1 think, of Judge Wiswall, came about the same time,
studied law with Mr. VV'iswall while he was at Bar, and settled in Digby,
married a daughter of Elisha Budd, and had a son eminent in the
Church, Rev. Edward Elisha Budd Nichols, D.D., Rector of Liverpool.
William Nichols and wife, Mary Richards, had children :
i. William, d. aged 20.
ii. David, m. 1789, Sarah Dodge (dau. of Stephen) : Ch.: 1, Sarah, b.
1790, m. Robert Fitzraiidolph ; 2, Mary, b. 1792, in. Robert
Fitzrandolph ; 3, William, b. 1794, in. (Ut) Phebe Young, (2nd)
Mary Milbury ; 4, Amy, b. 1797, m. Henry D. Charlton ; 5,
«')5iS Nh'lloKs — OAKKS.
Sti'|ilion, li. ITlHt, III. (lHt)Miii,y Idiloll'son, (-.'ihI Minuni WilkiiiH,
/(.. Nithuls ; ti, Kh'oIom', h, 1H(I;», d. IHl'I, tiiim. ; 7. l-ois, li, |M04,
III, .liiiiiiH I'ir'/.iiiit,
iii. 'riiitiiiaN Ki''liiirilH, III. Mury lloWiiiisoii : Cli. : I, Martinet, in. 'riiuiiiiiH
KiigulcH (HDii lit' .liiHi'pli) ; '_'. Kanili, il. iiiiiii. ; .'t. WiIIIhiii Kii'liiirilH,
III. LiiviiiJH I'lillurHi'ii : 4, Itnlit'i't, m. iVIiiria Dml^e : Tt, .lulin,
III. Siiriili |'iitti<rHiiii ; (>, 'riininuN, in. .Motlicii I'litturHoii ; 7. I>iiiiiul,
III. (lit) h)li/H MiiiHliall (iltiii. itf Siiliiinoii, Di^liy), (L'liil) Miiiiiiitli
llarihvii'k, in'i' Miii'sliull (no jmhidi) ; H, Klijiili, in. Murlii I'littur-
Hon ; <.), L'IiiiidI, III. Meliitiililt! I)ii(lt{ti ; 10, Miiry. in. liuv. Miirtiii
I'.iiiiliill ; II, ( ii-«ii'i.'i>. III. Miiiiittii I)<mI^('.
iv. Ituoi^'it, III. ( 'ittliHi'iiio Uiukt'tHoii : Cli.: I, Susan, in. I)uiiii!l Mnii'o ;
'.', Iluiiiy, III. .Villi noiitilicr : '.\, Williiiin, m. A/.iilnili Sinitli ; 4,
Mit'iikin, III. (1st) Aiithiinv WilkiiiH, (l'iuI) Stoplii'ii NicholH ; 5,
Shi'hI), III. .'iliraliHiii .Mooii' ; <' 'Jonigo. in. .\iui Spruiil.
V. Tiois. II). (Jst) .luHopli Uiig^'*''*- (^»(l) Nicliolas Ik'ukwith.
Oakks. Jksmk Oakks, a linyalisl of 178.'J, aftof a rpsidciicc of sonit'
yt'iiis ill |)i;,'l)y, ifinoNcd to tin- townslii|i of Annapolis, and settled near
l5iid).;i'to\vii, on the liinii now oi-cupicd l;y .lolin Hicks. His second wifo
was Uehorali hulilwin, lielieved to have liecn a sister of the Rev. .lohn
Ualdwin, D.I)., of l»ost'in. Henry, liis only son liy his first wife, married
Mary Kitzrandoljili, settled on tlie east liank of the Jo;,';,'in near Dij^hy,
and was the ancestor of the Difihy people of the name. IMiineas, the eldest
by the second wife, settled in the Distiict of New Albany ; Israel and
Jesse settled in l>rid;{etown, hut the former afterwards removed to
|{rid;{e\vatei', and tiienee to Halifa.x, Delancey Oakes, railway eontractor,
heiii;; one of his sons. TIk! latter died in Uridj^etown, leavin;^ an only
child, a son, the late Morrison Oakes, M.D. Parker Oakes, another son
of the [joyalist, removed to Wilmot, near Lawrejicetown. Cliiidren of
Jesse Oakes :
i. Henry, in. Mary Fitzrandolph : Ch. : 1, Edward noiiiy, iii. Anna
M. Littulle, ofNew York; 2, Kdwiii liandolph, M.I', and M.L.C,
m. CioDi'gina •!. M. Hratjg ; .'{, Kliza, in. Daniel Ansloy (no issue) ;
4, .\nno, ill. VVilliaiii Payson ; o, Adelaide M., in. IJar/.illai For-
syth ; (>, (Jeorge, d. tinni.
By second wifo ;
ii. Pliineas, d. 1854, ni. 180(5, Rachel Lovett : Ch. : 1, Pliineas Lovett,
m. EiiMi, liarris ; 2, Abigail, h. 1808, ni. Joseph Whitman ; ',i,
Jesse, b. 180i», m. Eliza Whitman ; 4, Eliz.', b. 1811, in. Edward
Fairn ; 6, Caroline, b. 1814, in. Arthur Harris ; (i, Mary .Jano, b.
1817, in. Ansloy Whitman ; 7, Charles Henry, b. 1819, m. Char-
lotte Parker ; 8, Louisa, in. Gordon Bishop ; 9, Deborah, ni.
Enoch Bishop.
iii. Parker, m. (1st) 1810, Ruth Hicks, d. 1812, (2nd) Nancy Hicks :
Ch.: 1, Ruth, b. 1812, in. George Bruce ; (by 2nd wife) : 2, John
Wellington, b. 1814, unm. ; 3, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1815, m. William
Bent; 4, Olivia, b. 1817, ni. William Bent; 5, Hannah, b. 1819,
unm.; (J, Nfincy, b. 1820, m. Edwin Nichols ; 7, Caroline, b. 1822,
d. unm.; 8, Millidge Rupert, d. unm.
iv, Israel, m. 1813, Maria Dickson : Ch. : 1, Robert Dickson, b. 1815,
m. Eliza Turner ; 2, William Baldwin, b. 1817, m. ; 3,
Henry Charles, b. 1820 ; 4, Stephen Delancey, m, .
<t,\Ki:.s — I'AIIKKII, S5!)
V. JoiHo, III. IHII, Ciitliiiiiif .MdiriHiin : Cli. : I, Aililin Murii, li. IM|:t.
il uiiin. ; 'i. Ciiniiun, li IHIT), d. iiiiin. ; .'t, MnrriMun (M.|)), )>
IKI7, Ml. .Xuiitli'i. iliiii. of Itii'liiinl .liuiiiN, Khi|., will), ikl'ti'i' hit
(Ittiitli, III. I>r. •Icniiiiiu^, of lliilifitx. Tlii'li' ilitii. Mitriu, in,
(■i'ol';{i' |llit^illl/..'k, Hon of K. It. <);tk('H, of |)ii{hy, itliil U'livi'M ,oiit(
Hon, Miiri'iHoii.
vi. Siitli, il. iiiiiii.
vii. I'l-JHcillii, III. Wisstnii IliclxM.
I'.VKKKU. Ma.IOK NaTIIAMIKL I'aIIKKII, fnilll wllnin one of tlir fiiiiiilics
of the hiiiiio in tluH cotintv (Icrivt's its origin, was fjiaiKl.Mnii uf Niitlmiiidl,
of Slii«'WHl)ury, Mass., tlii(iu!,'h liis son Williain, and was liurn 174.'?,
in I JurclicMtcr, Ma.-s., and was a sdldicr in tlic l5iiti.Hli aiiny at tlic sw^v
(if <^m'lM'c. lie si'ttlrd in tliii fastcrn .section of tlm county. It is said
that for scNcral yoars tlioso that fed at his talilt- nmni)('i<'d twenty,
iiR'ludin;; two children of liis first wife. All of his sivtecn chihhen
j^rcw to adult a;,'f', married, and liad families He and liis wife weic the
fii-st persons in tlie county to receive Itaptism hy imineision, to ohtain
which tliey were ol)li;;ed to travel on horsehack (HJie on a pillion liehind
him), tlir(in;ih an immense wildnrness, tho ;(roater part of the disiance
from Annapolis to the (Jaspereaiix Valley in Kinj{s County. lie
was a leading; man ainon^' the early settlers, and had much to ihi with
the layin;; out and construction of roads and in other pulilii; atlairs. His
deHcendants aic very numerous in this county and in Kin;,'.s, amon<r
whom may he mentioned nearly (oi' perhaps ipiite) half a score of llaptist
ministers, and one if in)t two Methodist ministers, JMssidos physicians,
dentists, farmers, mechanics, manufacturers and teachers. He married
alMJUt 17(!(», Ann.i Hardy, wiio died about 1778; (2nd) Salome, dau. of
Deacon John Whitman, widow of Major Kzekiel Cleveland, and die('
1830, liaving had children :
i. Williiini, b. iihout 1770, ni. 17i>0, Lydiii Benjnmin, lived in Ayles-
ford, and had cli.: 1, Silas, h. Doe., I7!'0, in. Nancy Haleoin, and
d. 18(M): 2, Mary, b. 17!>2, m. (Ist) Job Randall, (2nd) .lo.suph
Wado; 3, Deacon Abol, b. Nov. 8, 17!KJ, in. Jan. 25, 1821, lived
in IJerwiuk ; 4, Siiloine, b. Sept. 2, 17!><i, m. Feb. 25, I82.'{, .lonas,
8on of Henry Halconi ; 5, Miriam, b. Se{)t. 1, 17!>!l, m. (1st)
William Chase, (2nd) Foster Chute ; 0, Rev. Obed, b. Nov. 24,
1803, ni. (Ist) Hannah Maria Morse, (2nd) Jan. 24, 18;{7, Mary,
dau. of Reuben Balconi. Ho d. July 1, 18!(0 ; 7, Susanna, b.
Nov. 24, 1805, in. Daniel Morse, jun. ; 8, Edward, b. March 1,
1808, m. Evalina, dau. of .John VV. Morse ; 0, Nathaniel, b. Oct.
14, 1810, d. July 18, 1880 ; 10, Rev. James, b. Aug. 25, 181.S, ni.
.July 12, 1842, Phel)e, dau. of Zebulon, and g. dau. of Daniel
Durland, d. Jan. 2(5, 187«i.
ii. Nathaniel, b. 1772, ni. (Ist) 170!), Diadama Morse (dau. of Capt.
Abnor), (2n<l) 1855, Sarah Ann, dau. of Stephen Parker, wid. of
George Harris, lived at Bear River, and d. 18()0, having had ch. : 1,
Al)ner, m. Helen, dau. of Church Morse, d. 1873 ; 2, Edward, ni.
Betsey, dau. of Henry Balcoin, d. 1870 ; 3, Alfred, m. Charlotte
McGee ; 4, Lucy, m. Samuel Balcom ; 5, William, m. (Ist) Eliza,
dau. of Foster Woodbury, jun., (2nd) John, son of Jesse Viditoe ;
r>»i() PAUKEK,
<!, Ilurric^t, in. .loliii, moii of Sliippy S|)iirr ; 7, Niitlmiiiisl, in. Ann
hiik(!r ; H, Mnry, d. a. 18; !>, liitniuiniii iinnly, in. AI)iKHil, dun.
of Al(!x. MorHi! ; |(», Jiiliii, in. Miiietta, dau. of Alex. MorHo ; II,
Kli/.iil)ot)i A., III. .Iiu!i)l) Wood,
iii. Alloii or .Allium, l». 1774, in. Iliiiiniili Moin« ('dnii. of Abiier iirid jj[.
dan. of OWadiah), d. IH7I : (-'li.: I, St(i|.li(iti, 1>. IH(»2, d. niiin. ; 'J,
Dc^idiiiniji, t>. IHO!!, m. KnouJi I'ari.sli ; :i, Klizal.oth, li. ]Hii',, in.
Kz-okiol l5a:ikH;4, Hacliol, 1., IH(t7, in. ; 5, Daiiiid, b. IKII, d.
illiln. IHH;-. ; 0, llandloy, 1.. |H| I, in.; 7, Willard (1., I.. IHUJ, in.
Lois NidiolH l{nKi,di!H ; H, Olinn^li, li. IH20, in.; !», Sopliia, h. 1822,
in. Ili^iiry Kwiny ; 10, Anilrcw IV, I). 1824; 11, I'ov. W anon
FiOiiiiltiy, li. I82f>, in. Sarah Ewiiii; ; 12, Miriam, d. uiiiii.;
1>'>, liydiii, d. iinin.
iv. Mary, b, I77i'», in. Daniol r.cnjainiii, IForton, N.S.
V. Miriam, b. 177*>, in. Klias (iravtis. 5 cli.
vi. Lucy, b. 1778, m. Duacon ('itpliaH VVollon, 7 cli.
|{y Hucoiid wifi! :
vii. Henry, l>. 1780, in. (Ist.) Kluanor Starratt, (2iid) Sophia F'reiitiss,
)(»■'(■ 'rn|i|i(!r : CAi,: 1, (h-.nrni'. Starratt, in. Hut) Abij^ail I'ay/ant,
(2iid) Susan Smith ; 2, Matihia ( Miristophtir ; .'!, Ilarvt^y, d. num.;
4. Sajciiiif, d nnin.; .">, F]valina, li. unm.; (by 2nil wife) : (J, Lydia,
III. F*'idward ( 'hiisloplier ; 7, l'il''aiior, m. William T. CliriHtophor ;
8, Sophia, m. Klmit.hari Christopher; !♦, (Jharlotte, [m. Charles
Oaki'H.
viii. Kli/.ab>th, b. 1781, m. I8(KI, (1st) Church Mor.se, !t c.h., (2nd) Samuel
Foleh.
ix. F'ariiio, h. 178:5, in. 1801, Abel VVIieehick, ch.
X. Freno, b. 178.'), m. FFu({h, son of F'atrick (Jrimes, d. 182.'{, 10 eh.
xi. Mittio, b. 1788, m. .Fohn VVheeloek.
xii. Fiovefry, b. 17!I0, in. (1st) F'.eriah IJent, (2iid), 1828, Sinn-on
F<Ve(n;aii.
xiii. (Jharlotte, b. i7!'2, in. FJeacon /oeth F'Veeinan, •> eh.
.\iv. F^etitia, b I7!*4, in. F)aiiiel (or Flonald) .VFcriierHoii, ch.
XV. Flcv. Maynard, b. 17!tr», m. (Ut) 1821, Catharine Spiirr, (2iid) Mar-
f^aret (Miller) Norwell, d. 18(;0 N! eh.
xvi. Maria, b. 1800, m. Doacoii l/Utlior Fjeadbetter, d. 1874, 5 ch.
Aiii.iAH J'aukkk, our autlior tliii.I;.s, jiroliably oaiiic, from FiUn(!iil)Ui'g,
Worcfister County, Mas.s., to Novfi Scotia : liut be that as it may, lie was
(loHcondant of a branch of the Parker family, early settitid in (Jroton,
Middlesex (Joiinty, \Fn.ss., his fatlier beiri<{ Obadiali, ;;randf'a(li(!r Natlian-
icd, and ^^n^at grandfather Thoinas. FFe was ariioni; the, early .s('ttleis in
(Sranville, and in 17GI married Miriam .Folinson, widow of 'I'imothy
Kicket.son. He, aecuinulatful a considerable i-stat.e (including seveivil
seven and four'te('n acre, marsh lots) in the IJelleisle l)istrict and in
Wilmot, and died in 17K0. One of his soriH built the first brick dwelling
in the townsliip, whi<!h still stands. His sons Isaac and Timothy .settled
in Wilmot. Children :
i. Abijah, b. I7<it>, m. I78!», f.ydia Fialcom : Ch. : 1, Stejilien, b. 17!»(),
Sarah (lilliatt ; 2, Amelia, b. 17!>1, m. Michael Oilliatt ; .S, Sarah,
b. 17!>.'l, 111. (»eor£{0 Harris ; 4, Samuel, b 17!''"», m. Mary Mes-
senger; 5, Abijah, b, I7!*8, d. unm. ; (J, Abodnego, b. 1800, in. Sarah
Hrefiiiati ; 7, Marsdeii, m. Maria Flalllday : 8, Mary, m. .Jacob
Stark ; !>, Kli/.abeth, in. John (Jarter.
I'AliKKIl— I'lIINNKV. .')♦)!
ii. Ali(^ilii('!,'o, l>. 17<>H, in. IH((.'t, I/iicy ISulcoiii : CU.: t, SnKUiiim, h.
IHiiJ, III. Cer.r^C! Truiij) ; 2, Willx'-rt, li. IH(Mi. in. (Jlmrli.ttc liico ;
;{, 'riiiKitliy, 1>. IKOK, III. ; 4, .Inna.s, in. .Iiiiid I>(iii({liiH ; i"), Olm-
diiili, III. S(i|>liiH h't^llowH ; (i, Siimhh, hi. - ; 7, M/u-y Ann, in.
.)niiii!H I)iiii^Ihh ; H, Willjain in. Ilrliuccii (JliriHloplicr.
iii. .Iitiniis, in. (\M.) IT'-T), lljiiiiiiih Yniini^ (no jmhiii!), (2n(l) Mary Chute,
iii'f Kducii.
iv. Tiinottiy, in. IH(M», Mury Ann i\I(;(;r<!ji;((r : (^li.: I, Jolin, 1>. 1801,
III.; 2, .Ihiiioh, Ii. |H0:!, m, Miiry Slucnin ; .'{, ^iv.<>r^:,l^ llarv"y. b.
IK(»;», III. Mary Ann V'cmni,' ; 4, Stiaihadi, li. IKO!», ni Sarali Ann
Ainticrinaii ; ."•, Mary Ann, li. IKII, in. I'n'Hcitl. ; (J, Mai'tjaref.
Foil, li. IK).'! ; 7, llohiti, I., IKir> ; K, llaiinali, h. IHIK, m. Israi^
Y(.nn« ; 't, Kr/.iali, h. IH2I, «1. iiiiiii.
V. Olmliali, b. I77i'», in. (1st; Ki'/.iali Moihc, (2n<l) Klizabi't.li, dun. of
.lohn r.atli : Cli.: I, Al)ij,'ail, in Ainliro.si! Ucidtji^ ''l)y 2iid wifo;:
'2, John I'.dth, h. IKOt, III. IMiidH-, dan. of .lames Kat.oii ; '.'>, Kv/.mh,
\). 1805, d. iiiiiii.; 1, Kulicrt, li. |K()!», in. Sarah, dan. of .John Hunt
(no isHiio) ; Charh's W., \>, IHII, m. Marf^Mrot, dan. of Ahner
Troop ; !•, Aiiit)roH(\ h. 1812, in. Hoiatia, <hin. of .laiiK^H St(!ad-
niaii ; 7, Taiiiar, h. 1814, in. .loiiathan Amhir.Kon ; 8, llarritit, I).
1817, III. (JiMirKt), .son of Sainnol Uodi^i^ ; !(, Ohadiali, jnii., \>. 1822,
.!i, Mnrilla, dan. of Stcidnin \U:ul ■ HI, K.^ziah, K. 1821. Ohadiah,
jnn., wa.s falh<:r of .1. (i. IlK.wniAK I'aiikki;, harrJHter.
vi. Hannah, in. William Yoiini,'.
vii. Miriaii., in. <)orihin Uickotson.
PiilNM'.v. Thi.s family is prohnldy «lcHc(!n<If'(l from ono of the; cfirJicst
,s('t.tl(!rs of I'lyinouth, Mass. The ancestor' is jiorliaps .loliii or Rolicit.
Kinney, Iwth of whom caiiKi from lOn^laiid with thoir rnotlmr in Ifi.'JH, arni
wi'vo t\u' anceHtor.s of a vtM-y nmncirouH postnrity. (S(!o Davis' " I.andmarkH
of Piyinout.li," App., p. 100.) Isaac I'iiinnkv, the pro^'cnitor of oik; of
th(' families of the iiaiiK; in this county, was liorn at ISarristahle, ('ape
Coil, in 17.'51*, ii.iiil caiiK! t,o (■ranvilie in 17')0. About tlu; same time came
Zac(!IIKUh Pimn.nky, who was lioiri in 1720, said hy .soiik! to have lioen n,
cousin, hy others a nephew, of Isaac. II(? was won of itenjatnin, L;ran<l.soii
of .lolm, f^reat-^raiMlson of .lohn, and ^i'eat-;^feat f^ranilson of .lohn, who
was at Scituatf!, JVlass., aliout Hi.'JO, and may havfs been the .John Finney
of 1(138. fsaac m.'irriiid, 17').'5, Ann 'Phomas, of Welsh ori;,'in. Soiih;
y(!ars later /acciikiis married Loi^ Starratt-, aii'l removed lo Paradise
[)iHtrict, where he settled and reared his children :
i. .lainiis, III. Mary Sproulo : (!h.: I, Susan, h. 1802, in. Solomon
Fosti:r; 2, Martha, h. 1804, in. Ilandley Chute ; .'!, Mary Ann, h.
I80(), III. Conrad ; 4, ZacchciiH, h. 18(18, in. Klizaheth Clark ;
r», .lohn, h 1810, III. Melon Starratt : <i, Kleanor (or llo'cii), h.
1812 ; 7, Hannah, h. 1814 ; 8, I.ois, h. 1815, in. William Spiirr ;
!», /ciuiah, h. 1817, 111. ; 10, Klijah. h. 18|!l, m. Mary E.
FoKtcr ; 11, Sarali, h. 1820, in. (Jilhort Hill ; 12, Jaiiius, h. 1822,
(I. unni.
ii. lioiH, III. .lohn AriiiHtron<{.
iii. Mary, m. C'iduh SchafniT. —
iv. llacho', in. Ahrahaiii l>owlhy.
V. F.llen, III. Calvin Marshall.
.'t(!
"><)2 I'lllWKV- -I'K'Kll'.
vi. Calvin, in. (Isl) Miiiia |{iiiiis4!y, (linil) Miirtlui Sprou'ci, ni'r IJowlWy :
Oh.: I, Williiiiii. Ii. IH2;», III Miirt,li;i<iriivos ; 1', Ann, I.. IML'7, m.
iMriii'l lU^nl, ; '.'>, ISonjiiiniii, li. IH2!), il. iiiiiii. ; 4, Amy, li. IKIJl, in.
Alfred (Jluik ; Ti, Maria, I). |.s;i4, uiiin.
vii. liiiriiiiliiiH, III. Int) Hniiicn Wrnl, ('Jiidj Ann I'lowlliy : Cli.: 1, .Ihiiich,
III. Anieliii Miirni^ ; '_', ('aii!l( S., in. (1st,) Mary lliirriH, (2nd) Liiviniii
Uoiit ; (.'!) (ionr;,'(! 15., d. iiniii.
viii. Ann, in. •Iiuiich Arinstroiii^.
Fma.m: PiirNNi'.Y, liiirii fit, liiirii.stuhlc in l7-'50, niariicd in 17f!.'5, Ann
'I'lidinas, and s<'t,t,lf,(l on a lot, in (iiativillc, iiliout, midway iH't.wccn l>ridjj;<'-
town and IicIIcmsIc. His nanii! liaw Ik'cii <^\vot\ to a scftion of t,li(! Norlli
Mountain lyin^ t.o tlif northward of liis dwc^llinj,', tlic " IMiinm-y Moiin
lain," and in tlic town.ship of W'ihnot, a similar w^cfcion of tlii.s raii;{n of
liills, (»ii(!c c;alli'd " I{iii^i^1ch' Mountain," is now called " Pliinncy Moun
tain " aft.cr on«! of his sons. ('Iiildrcn :
i. Muhitiil)lo, I). I7<>4, in. Hnlofl' HiiloflHdii.
ii. ThdiiiaH, h. I7'ir», ni. I7H<>, IMi:hitiil>li^ h'oster, who was ]>. I7<>4, d.
l«riH : Ch. : I, iHaac, h. I7H7, d. IH(J7, in. ( Ist) Sarah r.i.rdon,
(L'nd) Cynthia Wilk'tt, //.-• Tr.M.|i ; 2, William, 1.. I7H!>, d. IH77,
ni.(l.st) IHI.'t, |{()l)(!cca Starratt, (2nd) Mary Marsliull, /«'«■ lUinnctt ;
:i, Ann, t>. I7!»l, d. I7!>4 ; 4, Cynthia, l)."l7'.»;!, ni, 'riiomaH Hors-
liold ; 5, l<;iizal)(Mli, I.. I7!>r., d. i7!»<! ; <',, Ann, 1. I7!>7, m. William
Walkor ; 7, Wal! r W., 1.. I7!t!>, d. IH'Jt;, iinm. ; K, Carolinu, ii.
IH(»|, (1. |K(j:t, I,- David Dill; !», Klizalu^tli, h. IWKi, m. Daniid
Fiiicdi ; l(», 1'liiriivi.s I' IHtlH, in. .Ifriinlia A. Fostor.
iii. Lot, h. I7(>7, m. (1st; l7Ht>, Kli/.al)i;th Diirland, (2nd) Ann Chesley,
iii'o Dodgu : Cli. : I, Klijah, h. 1787, m. (ist) Amelia Mcs^onf^ur,
(2nd) McHSDiigor ; 2,' /eliiilon, 1). I7H!», m. (Ist) Hannah
llotiortH, (2\u\} .Aliigail Lovdlt ; ;!, liiiwrenci!, in. (Ist) IH2I, Sarah
Itowlby, (2nd) Carolino .Morso ; 4, Stt!|ilit!ii, I). I7!>2, m. .lano
D'Anry ; 5, Li,vi, m. (Ist; Until (Jatc.t, (2iid) Kli/.aheth Marshall ;
<i, .John, (I. iinm. ; 7, At)i<<ail. h. I71'4, ni. WoIIh CoiiKdon ; 8,
Kli/abuth, III. •Iiihn Stttplu^nson ; !>, Mary, m. William Dodgo
(his 2nd wife) ; 10, Aim, m. .John W. .I.imcs.
iv. Levi, li. I7'ii*, wont to MaHs., no further rec-ord.
V. Ahigail, li. 1771, m. Walter Willott.
vi. Klijah, 1.. J77;!, m. I7!»<), Ho|)/.ihali Che«ley : C'-. : I, Stephen A.,
I). I7!'7, d. unm. ; 2, liot, 1>. 17'»H, d. num. ; .'i, JUmjamin, m.
(hi) Olivia Sangster, (2nd) Mary Unrn.s ; 4, Mari^arot, m. Haiidley
Tupper ; o, Aim Felix MeNeill ; (!, Kllen, m. Fraiieis D'Arcy ; 7,
Dnidamia, m. .lohn Shaw; H, Mary, in. (Ist) Israel Miller, (2nd)
William Shaw ; it, Sarah, iii. lienjamin Sangster ; ll>, Harriet,
ni. William Shaw; 11, Elij ih, in. (Ist) Lydia MiiHters, (2nd)
Abif^ail Newcoml).
vii. DoBiiih, b. 177<>, m. David Shaw.
Pickup. SAMnKfi PicKri' scrvod in tho 38th ref^inuMit, from whicihho
retired in ITH.'i, and threw in his lot with tlm Loyalists. At the time of lu.s
arrival liciio he liad boon married eij^dit years, and had four ohiidifin. In
the muster ioIIh of 1784 he is said to l)e doiniciied in the townsliip of
Annapolis, as h(! still was in 1792, Imt lu^jirohahiy dicnl in Chiments, wlmre
his son George, married and settled. 'J'he first two generations of tlm
I'lCKIi' -I'OTTKII. .">().*{
I'uiiiily \v>'\-i' il(>vol(;(| |() t'afiniiii^, l»iit. tJio su('(!(M'(liin{ ones Imvc foiiiid a
iriort! I'oii^'citifil |)ur.siiil, in iiKircdiilJIt! and Hliij)|)iii^ Ic.isiiicsH. William
I >. I'ickiip, uf Si, .loliM, N.l'i., and [iondon, I'Irij,'., died sonic \<'arsaj^(»
Inaviii;,' cutisidciaWIf! I'oitiinc, wliilo Ids ijiotlicr Sannud c^ariicd on an
(iXl.cnsivc sliip-ltnildin^ and sliippin;; hnsincsH at, (!r'anvill<^ l^'vvy for many
ycar.s. Tln^ .son of tlir lat.ti'c, Saniin'l \N'. W. Pi(;i<u|), l-iSi],, oF tlin samn
plai'f, a mcmlM!!' of I lie niiirncipal coimiimI, is i,\n'. pr'(is(^nt. lii'ad of tlws
family. Samuel I'ickiip, \]u' LoyaliHl, married, 1771, Mary JJrown, and
liad <;liildreii :
i. (JoDri^e. I). I77'">, 111. 17'I7, Sarah IShIcdiii, and liad oh. : I, SiiHaii, h.
I7!»H, (1. IKICt, III. ; '-', Mary, h. JHOO, in. .laiiicH Randall ; :t,
Kli/.alxtlh, 1). I>n.'{, III. William .Jones ; 4, (U'.ovm', d. imiii.
ii. William, I). :'"77. m. IHi>:i, Sarah 'I'iiidiurlako.
iii. Murj».irt!t , I). I7*-'*, m. — Mor^'aii.
iv. .Saiiiiii^l, I). 17^;!, III. IHIO, .Ijint! Dewlap, and had eh. • I, Sarah Ann,
\>. IKII, 111. .lohn Koop, jiiii. ; '„', William [)., Ii. JKi:!, d. iiniii. in
KiiKiaiid ; .'i, .laiiici, I). IH|,-t, d. (alirnad) num. ; 4, (Jeortjii, 1).
IHI7, il. uiim ; 5, Saiiiiiul, I.. IHlH, in. (Ist) Hauhel Uay,'(2n(l)
Celiiia Willett.
V. .laiiiuH, I). i7W. d. imiii.
\i. .Iani>, III. John Koop, soii.
PoTTKU. The Jo.sKi'ir PoTTKit wlio look rnfu},'e, lion! from tlie (lari;^(Ms
and evils of the, revoliit.ionai'v' war, appears to liave lived only fonr years
after the peace of llX'.'i. Mis son .Joseph must liav(! ixjeri in the valley as
oiirly as I 772, for lie in that year married Mary Karnsworlh, wlio altliouj^li
liorii ill Massacliu.sel.ts, had then Ikmwi t,\velv(i years in the eoiiiity.
[{(•njaiiiiii was in llieeounty in 1774. It .seems jirolialile that their fathcM-
earn*! here about 1770. (Nicholas and Rfdiert Potter, supposed to he .sons
of Hohert. Potter, camo to Lynn, Mass., aliout 10.31. Robert boing perse-
cute,d as a Quaki-r, iiiovimI to IUiod(! Island, where he founded tlio town
of Warwick, lie was prolialily t.lm ancestor of liishop I'otter, of N(!w
York. Nicholas lia<l a s<m liobert born befoici KJ.'JO. I le married, Jan.
25, IfifiO, Huth, sixth child of Robert and Phobe Driver, of Lynn. Il(!
had a son llobeit born March 18, 16<>1, who married, 1082, Martha ITale,
and had son I'iphraim. I'lpliraim was the fatluif of .Joseph Potter above
mentioned who was born in Marlboro,' Middhssex County, Mass., Feb. .'},
17i:5, married H.'Jn, and died April I, 171)1. This I take from the
" (;hul,e Oenealogi(!S." — Kd.) I1«! had ciiildren :
i. Mary, h. .July.'}, 17:!ti.
il. Hetty, V). .Iiiiic 22, l7.'iK, in. (Joudoy.
(2) iii. .Joseph, b. Au«. 2.'J, 1741.
iv. Robert, b. Nov. 7, 1745.
(;t) V. Renjumin, 1). Miiy !», 174!».
vi. Eheii, b. Au«. II, 1751.
vii. Sarah, b. Nov. 21, 175;«.
viii. .Tohn, b. March .'J I, 1757-
ix. Ueubon, b. Doc.!*, 175!>.
564 porrER.
2. JosKPH PoTTKH, bom in Marlljoro', Mass., Aug. 23, 1741, m. (1st)
1761, Zebudah Hadyn, (2n(l) in Nova Scotia, IMary Fainsworth. Mr.
Potter volunteered into military service in a regiment raised by Governor
Sliirley, and commanded by Col. Jonathan Bailej', and was at the battle
of Ticondcroga, July 8, 17r)8, where Lord Howe was killed. (See Pari<-
man's " Montcalm and Wolfe," p. 97). After the revolution he was
active in promoting the operations of the iron mines at Clementsport,
Children :
i. Aaron, b. .July 11, 17<J2, d. young.
ii. Israel, b. July, 17<iI3, »»• Jan. 7, 1780, Mary, dau. of Cupt. .lohn
Rice, and became a zealous and faitliful preacher of the (ios))el in
the Baptist comniunion : Cli. : 1, Aaron, b. Sept. 'A, 1780, ni.
Susanna, dau. of Anthony Purdy ; 2, /ebudah, b. March 22,
1788, lu. 1807, .losiah Spurr ; ;$. Rev. Israel, jun., b. Jan. 7, 17«0,
m. Catharine, dau. of John Ditniars ; 4, Jului, b. .Ian. 17, 17*.>2,
nj. (1st) Mary, uau. of .lohn Balcoin, (2nd) Maria Marshall ;
5, Joseph, b. Jan. 31, 1794, ni. Marg.aret, dau. of .I(jhn Balconi ;
6, Mary, b. May 10, 17!K>, m. .Fames Balcom ; 7, Sarah, b. Dec,
1708, m. Josiah Spurr (his 2nd wife) ; 8, Fanny, b. .Ian. 11, 1800 ;
9, James Maiming, b. April 7, 18()2,'m. (1st) Sylvia, dau. of Ben-
jamin Harris, (2nd) Caroline, dau of Benjamin Wilson, St. John ;
10, Jacob, b. Feb. 10, 1804, m. (Ist) Catharine VVarne, (2iid)
Maria Cook ; 11, Susanna, b. Feb. 10, 1804, m. Henry Watkeys ;
12, Ann, m. Rev. .1. B. Cogswell ; 13, Josiah Spurr, b. Feb. 22,
1810, m. (1st) Louisa, dau. of Edward Berteaux, (2nd) Naomi (J.
Brown, widow of Eliakim Bent ; 14, Zeruiah, b. Dec. 24, 1812,
m. Thomas, son of Jonathan Hurd ; 15, Isaiah S., b. Oct. 9, 1814,
m. Sarah A. LeCain.
iii. Mary, b. Feb. 7, 1700, m. John, son of Matthias Rice.
iv. Joseph, b. June 14, 1773, m. (1st) 17!><i. Lois Hadyn, (2nd) DHve,
dau. of John Balcom: Ch. ; 1, Warren, b. .luly 1."j, 17!t7.
m. Martha Lewis, of L(mg Island, N.S. ; 2, Sophia, h. March 2."),
1799, m. Abel Chute ; 3, Eliza, b. Aug. 7, 1801, m. John Chute
(son of Thomas) ; 4, Loui.sa, b. March 3, 1804, m. Feh. 0, 1825,
.lames Purdy ; 5. Joseph Lyman, b. May 30, 1807, m. Lydia
Witt; 0, William Franklin, i>. Oct. 16, 1809, m. (Ist) Mary Ann,
dau. of William Gilliatt, (2nd) Mrs. Phehe Kennedy, tire German ;
7, Mary, b. Jan. 2:{, 1811, m. (1st) Asahel Howard, (2nd) Solomon,
son of Georsje Bowlby ; 8, Sally, b. March 0, 1814, m. Israel, son
of William Gilliatt ; 9, Silas, b. Nov. 5, 181(i, m. Catharine, dau.
of Thom.is (Jidi.att.
V. Samuel, b. Dec. 9, 1774.
vi. Sarah, b. Aug. 4, 1770, m. John Dyer, and went to Marietta, Ohio,
vii. Benjamin, b. Dec. 11, 1777, m. .lane, dau. of Abraham Spurr,
d. June, 1801 : Ch. : 1, Eliza, b. 1799, m. Caleb Soulice (Sulis)of
French Huguenot extraction ; 2, Thoma&, b. April 1, 1800,
m. Sarah A., dau. of .leremiah S..111.I1, jun. ; 3, .lohn L., m.
Caroline Hunt (dau. of Elijah, and sister of Rev. Abraham S.);
4, William F., b. about 1804, m. Abigail O., dau. of Caj-t.
Simpson ; 5, Henry, b. about 1807, m. Polly Rice (dau. of Silas);
0, Cynthia, b. about 1810, m. William .Jones, jun. ; 7, .Jane,
b. about 1812, m. John, son of Jeremiah Ditmars ; 8, .lames M.,
b. about 1815, m. Elizabeth Sharp ; 9, Edward W., b. about 1818,
m. Abigail Sulis ; 10, Emmeline, b. about 1822, m. George S.
Sulis.
viii. Lydia, b. Oct. 29, 1779, m. 1801, Williani Gilliatt, jun.
I'orrKU— iMUNCE. 565
ix. Fnmkliii, b. April 28, 1781, m. (1st) Cynthia Boice, (2nd) Abigail
O'Hiieii. C'ird) Mrs. Durkoe, jcV llobbins, of Yarmouth: Ch. :
1, (luorgc Hoico, b. 180", ni. 8araii Payson, was many years a
.1.1'., and some years Warden of Dis^by County; 2, Mary Ann,
m. Holland I'ayson ; 3, Mehitable, ni. Ethel Davis ; 4, William,
ni. Ann Welch ; 5. Joseph J., d. at sea ; (), Edward .J., m. Ellen
Houdreau, an Acadian French lady, posterity in (.lare ; 7, Charles
.1., m. Cynthia White; 8, Franklin, m. Rachel I'ayson; i), Cynthia,
m. .lohn D. Southern; 10, Thomas Rankin, d. in West Indies; 11,
Phebe Susan, ni. Joseph Southern.
X. Martha, b. April It, 178;{, m Thomas Rice.
xi. Susan, b. Feb. 18, 1785, m. John Cilliatb.
xii. Esther, b. March IB, 1787, ni. (1st) 180!», John Armstrong, (^nil)
Stephen Taylor.
'^. Bkn.i.\mi\ Potter, h. in Marlboro', Mass., Maj' 1), 1749, m. 1773,
Sarali Angier, and died in Clements, January K'-, 1823. Children;
i. Hannah, b. 1774, in. John Burns.
ii. Sarah, b. 177<'>.
iii. Mary E., b. 1778, ni. David Spinney.
iv. Joseph, b. April*."), 1781, m. 1811, Susan, dau. of Samuel Cutting,
and settled in Franiinghan), Mass.
V. Louisa, b. .luly 22, 1784, m. Jonathan Milner.
vi. Asa, b. 1786.
vii. Benjamin, b. Aug. 10, 178J», ni. Jan. 21, 1811, Ruth Woare, d. Nov.
27, 1H.")0 : Ch. : 1, Phebe, b. Aug. 1811, m. John, son of Philip
Lightizer ; 2, Ann, b. June 24, 1813, m. Elijah, son of James
Berry; .S, Sarah P]., b. May 14, 181.5, m. Edw. J. Wood worth ;
4, Asa, b. April 30, 1817. ni. Jan. 1, 1847, Elizabeth, dau. of
Abraham Bowlby ; ."), Emnieline, b. Sept. 7, 1819, m. .Joseph
Weare Bobbins ; 0, Deacon Ezra, b. Oct. 20, 1821, m. Zebuda,
dau. of Aaron Potter; 7, .lohn, b. Oct., 1823, ni. Elche, dau. of
Thomas llilncr ; 8, Maria, b. March 24, 1825, ni. John Henry
Lecain ; !t, Rebecca, b. .lune 13, 1827, ni. Aaron Potter, jun. ;
10, Benjamin, b. .June 10, 1830, m. Mary, dau. of Joseph
Lightizer; 11, Ruth, b. Nov., ISJJo, m. John Henry Milner.
Pi.'NCE. See memoir of Christopher Prince, M.P.P. He was descended
in the fourMi ifeneration from John' Prince, b. 1610, student at Oxford,
son of Rev. .John, of East Shefford, Berkshire, through Thomas,-' Job.''
John' came to Cambridge, Mass, 1633, thence to Hull, and d. 1676.
Christopher married (Ist) Mary Foster, (2nd) Ann Payson, and had
children :
i. Benjamin, a Doctor of Medicine, m. Jerusha Tupper ; went to New
York.
ii. John, m. (abroad),
iii. Granville, drowned, unm.
iv. Sarah, in. Samuel Randall.
By .second wife :
v. Christopher Kimb ' .n. A .n Johnston: Ch. : 1, Olivia Sophia,
b. 181(5, ni. Ge... ; Leavitt ; 2, Mary Ann, b. 1818, m. Abner
Parsons ; 3, Joim Christojihor, b. 1820, m. Henrietta Fairn ;
4, S.irah Ann, b. 1822, m. I.sa.ic Chute ; 5, Benjamin, b. 1824,
ni. Harriet A. Bishop ; (5, Christopher Kimball, jun., b. 1826,
d. 1828 ; 7, George Johnston, b. 1827, d. 18:20.
660 l'ltIN(;E— ITKDV.
vi. Elixnbeth, in. (Int) VVilliiiin Cd^iioy. (2ii<l) Kdwiird Wliitniiin, jiiii.
The Imrial of a Win. I'riiico, iiyod 80, is foiiiul in tlie church
records, Anniv]i()lis. Ai)ril JU), IH'J!(.
PuuDY. TIh! Punlys of Anmipolis iiixl I)i;{l»_v countit s oanii! of sturdy
and sterling Loyalist stock, inany of tli<' nani«^ liaviii;^ left a \ory honor-
able record on that side of the revolutionary struiifflc. (Sect "Sahiiif's
Loyalists.") Gaiiiuki-, the- iiinncdiatc! anfcstor t)f this hranch, liclongt'd to
tlu! Province of N(!W York. (He was (h^scendi-d in the fourth iiencration
from Francis Purdy who died at Kairlield, ('onn., in KiHS, through the
latt(;r's son Francis and grand.son Samuel.— Ei».) Two of his sfins,
Anthony and Josiah, wei-e grantee.s in ilw townshi[> of Clements, (Mf^cted
in 1784. (Jabriel, who held tin; commission of captain, was hoiii in 17-1,
and died in 180)5. Jle married IJethiah Miller in New York, and had
children :
i. (floriana, h. 1747, ni. Dr. A/.or Uetts.
ii. James, \> 174!», d. i74!>.
iii. \lahriel, I). 1750, d. 17'">2.
iv. Sanmel, h. J7<">'2, d. 1708.
V. (iahriul, h. 1705, ni. Jane — .
vi. Anthony, h. 1757, ni. 1784, Frances RuBsell ; Ch : 1, Gloriana, h.
1785. d. unm. ; 2, Susanna, 1), 1787, ni. Aaron Potter ; '.i, liuthiah,
I). 1790, m. John Hurritt ; 4, (Jabriel, I). 17'J2, m. Jane Ward ;
5, Ann, 1». 17'.'4, d. unni. ; (5, James Russell, h. 17!'!), m. (1st)
Louisii Potter, (2nd) Eliza Ann (Jilliatt, (■ird) Kunice Harris, h^k
Morse; 7. Eli,,rtl.eth, 1.. 1801, d. unm.; 8, Josiah, 1). 180:i, m.
Hannah Witt; 9, ihuy Ann, i). 1805, m. 1824, John Charles
Closson.
vii. Lewis. I). 1758, ui. Sarah llohinson.
viii. Betliiah, h 17*>1, m. Fredeiio Davoue.
xi. Josiah, h. 17t">4, ni. ])rot)al)ly Hannah Witt
X. Samuel, b. 1705, m. 1707, Sarah Ditmars : Ch. : I, Hethiah, h. 17!'8,
m. Thomas Andrews ; 2, .lane, 1). 1700, d. unm. 184(i; .'?, (Jahriyl
James,!). 1801, m. .lane Dods^o (in Ontario); 4, Isaac Ditmars,
i>. 1802, m. Sarah Ann Vroom ; 5, Mary E., i). 1804, m. Henry F.
Vroom ; (>, Sarah, h. 180t), d. 1808 ; 7, Henry, h. 1807, m. Letitia,
dau. of .leremiah Ditmars ; 8, .John V., h. 1800, m. Mary Vroom
(daughter of George) ; 0, William S., b. 1811, in. Harriet Aujjusta
Ryer.son ; 10, Sanniol, b. 1813, died 1890, unm. ; 11, Sarah Ann,
b. 1814, m. Captain Hiram Betts ; 12, Douw, (J, ISKi, m. Eliza
.T. Burns ; Vi, Frances (jloriana, b. 1817, ni. Capt. Wdliam
Anthony ; 14, (ieorgo A., b. 1820, m. Matilda Harris ; 15, Sereno,
b. 1822, m. Mary Jane, dau. of .lohn Ditmars.
xi. Elijah, b. 17H7, m. Mary Elizabeth Henrietta Schenk, d. 18.'}7 : Ch. :
1, James Lewis, b. 1802, m. Sarah Robinson ; 2, Eleanor Ann,
b. 1804, rn. (1st) Richard Ruggles, jun., (2nd) Henry Fowler
Vroom ; .'5, Bethiah Davoue, b. 180(), m. Rev. .John C. Austen ;
4, Mary Elizabeth, b. 1808, ni. Abner Morse (son of Church) ;
o, Sarah, b. 1810, m. George .leflerson ; ♦), Margaret, b. 18l4 ;
7, Sterns, b. 181(i, m. Elizabeth Dukeshire ; 8, Susanna (Jloriana,
b. 1817, m. James T. Hinxman ; 9, William Henry, b. 1820. d.
unm. ; 10, Frances, b. 1822, m. Charles Clancy Jefferson ; 11,
Robert, b. 1824, m. Susan A. Croscup.
i{ \Ni>\r,r,— M.w. 'A'u
Kandaij,. TIk! Raiidiills of tliis r;ountv nrv rlescciuled from Joiiti
Uaiiddll, wlio WHS of Westerly, !!.l,, in inv^. Djuid, sf)n of his son
Stcpiicii, WHS l)orii at Stoiiiii;^ton, Coon., May 4, 171D ; inarriod at
Proston, Conn., Nov. G, l7.'J!i, Koziiili Davidson; removed to >iova
Scotia in 170G, and died in Kinj^.s County in 178t. ilis sons, among
wliom was the David in tlie list of cajtitation ta.x-i)ay<rrs, 1792, were
most useful i>ioneer settlers wherever they went, transmitting to their
posterity more than average intellectual power. Children :
i. Nathan, d. young.
ii. Keziali, iii. iVfiireli 4, I74;{, — Murchaut, in Now York.
iii. Lucy, h. Fol>. 4, 1744.
iv. Saraii, h. .Inn. 2, 174(1, in. .John Nowcoml).
v. David, li. in I'roston, Coiui., .Ian. 17, 174H, ni. Nov. 2.'5, 177i», Amy,
ildu. of Klislia Whitney, of Hanloy Mountain, livin}^ in the
towuHliip of .'\nna])oliH, hut linally settled in Aylesford : Ch.: I,
•John. ni. (1st) Ruth Gati's, (2nd) N iicy Downy, (-'ird) Mary
(ioucher ; 2, Lucy, h. I7HI), d. youny , .'$, .Jonathan, h. Aug. 1."),
I7H1, lived in Maine; 4, William D, b. Oct. l7H-'i, m. Helen,
dan. i.f liev. T. H. Chipmau; .'>, (Juortje, d. youuf^ ; (i, Lucy, ni.
Peter I'. Chute ; 7, Amy; H, Eunice ; 9, David, »>. Mar. 2H, 17!>;J ;
10, Olive.
vi. .Jonathan, h. .April 2, 17ol, in. a dau. of S. VVillougliliy.
vii. Samuel, h. Sejtt. JO, I7r).'{, m. J7Hi, Sarah Ann, dau. of Col.
Donjainin I'rinco, and lived in Aylesford.
viii. Amos, h. Doc. .'50, 17r).">, m. I7H!>, Susanna Chute, and lived near
liridgetown, lie d. March 24, 18:57: Ch. : I, Kli/.abeth, h. 17Hi>,
m. Benjamin Chute; 2, Nathan, It. I70J, m. Harriet Foster; li,
John, 1). 1704, 111. ( Jeretha Dexter ; 4, Susanna, 1>. 17!)*i, d. 1700;
5, James, I). J70H; iii. Mary Pickup; fi, ThomaH, h. 1800, d. in
Antigouish, May 12, 1880 ; 7, Susanna, h. 1802, m. James Fitz-
mauricu ; 8, Mary, h. 1805, d. unui. ; 0, Theresa, 1). 1807, m.
.Joseph Chute; 10, IJenjamin, 1). 1810, m. Tamar Foster; 11,
Charlotte, l>. 18l.'{, in. James Fit/.maurice.
i.v. Hezekiah, li. Jan. 20, 1708.
X. Klisha, \>. 1700, m. M.uy Atwater, ne'e Tuttle, and .settled at
Antiuonish.
xi. John, 1). 1702, d. yoim<;.
xii. Nathan, b. May 7, 1704, in. 170.5, Susanna, dau. of •Icnas Gates,
and had 10 children, among them llev. Charles Randall, Baptist,
of Weymouth, and Rev. Samuel Martin Randall.
Rav. The MosKS Pay of 1791 wa.s probably a native of lielfast,
and came to the county about the year 1764, when the Neilys,
Burnses and McBrides of the north of Ireland came over. He married
Ann, a daughter of Nathaniel Barnes, one of the Massachusetts settlers
in Granville, and had children :
i. Jane, b. 1775, ni. Joseph Fo.ster.
ii. John, b. 1777, m. Deborah Farnsworth, and had ch.: 1, Rachel ;
2, Henry, in. Lavinia Beardsley ; .'5, Sarah, m. John Quin ; 4,
William, m. Sarah Rhodes ; 5, John, ni. Elizabeth Wheelock
(dau. of Calvin) ; (5, Judson, m. Lavinia Rhodes ; 7, Ichabod, m.
Maria Foster.
.568 HAY — HKAOII — KICK.
iii. IMoNos, I). I7>^l, III. and d. in Iruland, whoro hu was said to have
liL'Ciiiiio ridi.
iv. James, I). ITH"), tii. Iluclicl Karris (daii. of Jdlm), ii native of Duliiin,
who Nurved as a st>r^e;<>it in a HritiHh i-et(iniont at lUinki'i* }lill :
Cli.: 1, Ann, in. VVesle.y Uea(;h ; 2, Charlotte, in. Henry Haker ;
.'{, Eli/.a, in. Diniock (Jatos ; 4, Jane, ni. Parker Mowlljy ; 5, Niman,
III. John Ward ; ti, Frances, in. Aliraliain Fales ; 7, John, m
|{iichel Vantassei (in N.Y.); H, .)aine.s, in. (Ist) Ulizahetli
Sjiroule, (2nd) Lucinda Clark, ne'e (iraves.
Kkacii. The word rear/h is of Celtic ()rij»in, meaning ruler or lorrl,
equivalent to the terniiniil rih, or rich, in old (lotliic and Nor.se naine.^.
(See Ritchie.) The Latin rex, a king, and verb tri/n, to rule, are no doubt
from the same root. Thus Castlereagh is the lord or ruler of the castle.
Jamks Rka<;ii, a native of lielfast, in the north of Ireland, with his
brothers-in-law Neily and newly wedded wife, Martha Neily (dau. of
John), their sister. He bought a farm on the Ardoise Hills, on the old
Halifax road, but on liis death, about ten years later, his widow removed
to Wilinot. His son Joseph went to one of the upper provinces. His
son John mai'ried Sarah (Jates, and became a residero- in what is now
Margiiretsville, and was the faithful stesvard and agent of Hon. John
Hallil)urton, who owned an extensive grant there. John Eeagh had
children (besides Jo.seph) :
i. John,!). 177;{, in. 1804, Sarah Gates, h. 1785: Ch.: 1, Wesley, b-
1804, 111. Ann Ray; 2, (Jili)ert, \>. 180(i, in. Jano Beach; 3,
Mehital)'e, 1). 1807, in. Silas Margescm ; 4, Susanna, h. 1809, in-
Abraham Stronach ; ,">, Ahrahain, h. 1811, ni. Sarah Tujiper ; (5,
Mary, l». 18i;{. ni. (Ist) Rees Stionach, (2nd) John McKeovn ;
7, Isaac, h. 181;"), in. Anne Tupper ; 8, Prudence, h. 1818, in.
William Clark; 0, Elizabeth, b. 1820, in. Adam Bowlby; 10,
Margaret, 1). 1822, in. Christopher Margeson ; 11, Sarah Ann,
b. 1824, in. Bayard Margeson ; 12, Helen, h. 182(5, in. I lias
Phinney ; 13, Jacolt, li. 182.">, d. unni.
ii. .Joseph, in. Nancy Durland, ne'e llavvkesworth.
iii. Polly, 111. John Baker, jun.
iv. Catherine, m. Jonas VVood.
Rice. The three families bearing this name came to this county in
1760, and are derived from a common and not very remote ancestor. It
is probable that Behiaii Rice wa.s uncle to John and Ebenezeh, who are
believed to have been cousins ; for he was an old man in 1 700, and died
about four or five years after his settlement. He and several of his sons
were grantees of the township, in which they held lots Nos. 80, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 92 and 93, in the western end, and Nos. 2, 3 and 46 in the eastern
division. These lots contained 4,672 acres of the choicest land in the
county. Beriali Rice, sen., of Westboro', in the County of Worcester, was
born 1702. One of his sons settled in Cape Breton. Rice, the photo-
graphic artist in the Greely polar expedition, was a descendant. Judah
itKi). .')()9
Rici', liis (ildost son, soon after liis fiitlicr's death sold his fiirrn near
IWoiKly Creek, and removeil to Lower (JranviHe, whore ho built a house
near Stony lleach, supposed to have heen the fn'st dwollinj,' erected at
that place, and tUero the greater iiuniher of his children were horn. He
had heen married in Massachusetts, prohahlj* ahout 17r)8, and his eldest
son was horn there in 17r)9. About the be<iinning of the century he
removed to Hriar Island, and soon afterwards died at Westport. His
sons, Moses, Simeon ami William, settled on Briar Island. (The editor
remembers .some worthy old men of the name f)n the island, but it does
not e.\ist there now, althouj,'h there are several descendants in female
lines.) Tn his will he gave iiis son Stephen all his real estate in Con-
necticut, Massachusetts, llliode Island and New Hamj)shire, which
proves ho was a man of some wealth before he came to Nova Scutia,
His sons, Timothy, Benjamin and Joseph, remained on their lands near
Brid;;etown, the latter finally settling near IJound Hill, where he died,
18.'{9, at an advanced age.
The lands granted to Ebkxkzek Rick (who had previously been a
country merchant) were in the immediate neighborhoo<l of Saw-mill
Creek, now known as Moschello. When he came here he had been
eighteen years married, his youngest child being six and his eldest,
Ebenezer, being eighteen in 17G0. He lived here thirty-two years, and
had been married fifty 3'ears when he died. The dates of his children's
births were found in an old ledger preserved by the Fairn family, the
immediate ancestor of which married his daughter.
John Rice, who was born in Worcester, Mass., December 26, 17.58,
came here unmarried. On his marriage, May 6, 1761, to Sarah, daughter
of Zephaniah and Kunice Smith, he settled on the farm of Colonel
Jonathan Hoar, who owned a grant of five hundred acres on the west
.side of Letjuille River. There John Rice's eight children were born.
At Colonel Hoar's death he purchased part of the farm, of which he was
succeeded in the possession by his youngest son James, who from his
birth, in 1790, lived on it until his death, February 4, 1886, nearly
ninety-six years. The familj' was descended from Edmund Rice, of
Rirkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England, in 1627, who came to America
in 1638, and settled in Sudbury, Mass.; through Thomas, the latter's
fourth cliild ; Gershom, eighth child of Thomas ; and Matthias, the fifth
child of Gershom — John being the eldest son of Matthias.
1. Beriah Rice married Mary Goodnow, and had children.
<2) i. Jutlab, b. 1731.
ii. Aaaph, b. 1733, ni. Mary Morse,
iii. Timothy, h. 1740, m.
iv. Mercy, or Mary, b. 1742, m. Paul Hazeltine (no Lssue).
V. Rachel, b. 1744, m. Obadiah VVheelock, M.P.P.
')7() HICK.
(J{) vi. lUiriiili, jiiii., li. 17-1'"'
vii. Siiriili, li. I74H. m. Kliim Wheolock, .1.1'.
viii. Kunjiiiiiin, !>. 174!), in.
ix. Stuiiliun, b. I7">l (ivtiiriiwl tit MiiHsucliiisetts).
X. .I()8u|>h. I). I7r»'l, 111. Kiiirn.
xi. Ijiuy, h. \7^>it, III. Klkiiiiiili ISIoitoii.
•J. .liDAii Uici;, 1). 17:U, III. 17*iS, Small Kcllv, of I,('oiiuiiMter,
Woirt'stiT Count}', MiiHs., iiiid Imil oliildioii :
i. .\iiiiii, li. 17<V<), III. •ItiiiioH McDoi'iiiHiul.
ii. Siiiiecin, 1). I7(il, in. Nancy HiirtDii, and Imil cli. : 1, Kli/abotli, in.
.Vntli'ow Cognins, W'estport ; iirobahly others,
iii. A/.iihah, li. 17*>'5. m- Saiiiuol Huukiiian.
iv. Sti']ilioii, 1). 17<''">, III. •laiio DoWolf, of LiviTpool, N.S., and hndch.:
1, Kli/.a .laiiu, d. uiiin.; 2, Ste])heiison, d. uiiiii.
V. MoHct), h. 17<>H, 111, Hannah ISIorsu (dan. of .Minur), and had di. : I,
Aaron, in. Ann Payaon ; 2, Harriet, in. .lo]in I'ayson ; .'(, Kniiicu,
in. ThonuiB Haycock ; 4, Kdward, in. Cecilia Hailcy ; 5, Eli/.abeth
.\nn, 111. J.iine.s 'I'itii.s ; tJ, .lohn. d. unni. ; 7, Mary, in. Thomas
Haycock ; H. Haiiloy, b. IH04, in. Kli/.a .laiio IJailoy ; !>. Caroline,
in. Kicc Coggins ; l(», Pliube, b. 1H08, in. .lacob Merrill (perhaps
Morrell).
vi. Aaron, b. 1771). d. unin. in West Indies,
vii. Lotitia, b. 177-, ni. William Johnson, of Granville,
viii. Mary, b. 1774, in. Benjamin Heriy.
ix. .John, b. 177<», ni. (1st) Sarah Hicks, (2nd) Susan Hicks.
X. Williain Pickett, b. 177<>, m. Kunice Prentiss: Ch.: 1, Louisa, in.
•lohn Payson ; 2, William, m. Sarah Ann White ; IJ, Mary, ni.
Tileston Payson ; 4, Lucy, d. uiini. ; 5, .lulia, in. Thomas Horae-
tield ; <>, ,Iohn, in. Charlotte Turner ; 7, Sophia, in. Benjamin
Henry Ruggles ; 8, Henry, d. unm. ; !(, Sarah .lane, ni. Charles
Bailey.
xi. Sarah, b. 1778, in. Williain .Tohn.son.
xii. Lucy, b. 1781, in. P'lancis Ogsbury, or Augsbury, of New York.
3. Hekiaii Ru:e, Jun., b. 174(), in. (1st) in Cape Breton, Mis8 Mc-
Sweeny, (2n(l) Naomi McQuillan,* and had children :
i. A.saph, 111. 180;{, Nancy Elderkin, and had ch. : 1, Sidney Smith,
M.D., b. 1804 ; 2, William, b. 1805, in. Mary Ann Allen ; .'5, .lohn,
b. 1808, m. Lucy Hicks; 4, Timothy, b. 1811, in. 18^8, Mary
.\lice Newcomb ; 5, James Benjamin, b. 18115, m. ; (i. Joseph
Troop, b. 1818, d. unm.; 7, Asajth, b. I>^21, d. unm.; 8, Jephtha,
b. 182.'?. m. (Ist) Mrs. Roundy, widow, (2nd) — Morse,
ii. Sarah, in. .loseph Troop,
iii. (Perhaps) Beriuh.
1. John Kick, married (1st) May 6, 1761, Saraii, daughter of Zophaniah
and Eunice Smitli, (•2nd) Maiy, daughter of Joseph and Zehudaii Potter,
and liad chiUhen :
(2) i. Silas, b. 17('.2.
ii. John, b. 17()4, d. 1784.
* There may Ite an error here. It may have been a son of Beriah who married
Naomi McQuillan
II KK. 571
iii. Sanili. li. IT<iii, tl. I7H4.
iv. Miiry, 1). I7<>!», iii. Kcv. Isriiol r.ittor, il. IHIlt.
V. Iiist)|)h, 1». 1771, il. 17f<>.
vi. NVilliikin, l>. 1774, in. Ann, dau. of Ahmxi llanly, livoil oust, siiU^ of
Www Uiviir, il. iil>()iit Ih:I4 : Cli.: I, Ann, I). Hliniit IHOO, d. iinni.;
'J, Stoplion, ni. Moicy (or Martini), ilitu. of (Ji-nii^u iiinl Sarah
Knill'en ; ,'t, William, in. •lane, <lau. >>f Itt'nJHiniii I'uHhinv' (and
Was fathor of llriijiiiiiiii,\>. aliiiiit IHi'it, A iiiIiki.v, \t. IHi'l, Iji'ii/ihii,
Slii)lii ,1, Cliiiilta, and 8i)nu) who d. ynunj;) ; 4, tlanies, ni, Kli/ii
MfMiillin, rornovt'd to h)aHt|i(ii't ; •'>, .lolm, in. (1st) Loah, dan. of
.John (JroiLHo, (Und) .lan« Sweeny ; ti, Mary, in. Atnliroso, son of
•lohn Taylor, jiiii.
vii. Thomas, I). May, L':5rd, 177'.», m. about l«(X), Martha Pottor (dan. of
•losuph) and was the tirst settler at l?ear River vilhv^e, built tho
tirst bridge there, and was a pioneer ship-builder and mill-owner,
haiidin<.; down those enterprises to throe or four successful genera-
tions of his posterity : Ch.; 1, David, b. IHDj. m. (1st) Mary. dau.
of (loorge and .Sarah Kiiirten, (2iid) Kli/.abuth, dau. of .loseph
Harris, widow of William Turnbull, d. .)an. 12, IHHl, loft «i chil-
dren, of whom 4 80I1S aro well-known and prominout citizens, .
intluonfial in both counties ; 2, Ftev. Ismel, b. IHOIJ, in. (Ist) Ijois
Whitman, (L'lid) .Ian. t, 1H2!>, Su.san, dau. of .lohn Crouso, had 113
ch.; ;{, Mary,!). 1SU.">, m. .lohn, son of Abraham Lent; 4, /ebnda,
b. 1807, in. Iloiiry Alliiie Rice, a cousin ; o, Uoidamia, b. IH()!>,
111. .lohn Copelaiid, jun., 1) ch. ; (!, Franklin, b. 1<SI I, m. (Ist) Su.san,
dau. of Silas Hanly, {'2iid) Eli/a Hardy, her sister, (Jtrd) iW.iry
Amelia Rhodes, o ch. by Ist, and 4 by 2iid wife ; 7, .lane, b. 1814,
111. Harris Mori^an, tieh.; 8, Esther Ann, b. Nov. 2."), 18l(), m
William Rood (son of Samuol, of London, Knj/laiid) ; !), Martha,
b. April lit, 181!», m. Alfred Rico (son of .lohn, of Silas), 8 ch. ; 10,
Catherine, b. March 18, 1822, m. (1st) Thomas, son of .lohn
McLearn, (2nd) Edward, son of Edwin (Jliri.stophor ; 11, Silas, m.
Elizabeth Hughes ; 12, Cynthia, in. Alexander Ross, of Irish
descent,
viii. .Toseph, b. 1787, d. I7i'r).
ix. James, b. near Annapolis, 17S)0,'m. (1st) Fob. 11, ISIU, Dorothy,
dan. of Miner Tuppor, (2iid) June 18, 1818, Ann Evans, d. Fob.
14, 188(i, a. !MJ: Ch.: I, .lohn L., b. ISVi, in. Eliza LeCain, d.
1882 : 2, Mary D., b. 1815, m. Stephen Youn^ ; 3, Elizabeth S.,
b. 18l!t, 111. Arthur Ruggles (son of Richard . I.), (! ch. ; 4, Char-
lotto A., b. 1821 ; 5, Sarah D., 1>. 182.S, m. .loseph Potter (son of
Rev. Israel): (i, Esther R., b. 1825, d. 182«i ; 7, William E., b.
182(i, d. 183;i ; 8, Henry .1., b. 182!), m. Elizabeth, dau. of Abner
Morse ; !), Rebecca W., b. 1830, m. Harvey Honiiigar ; 10,
Arthur S., b. 18;{2, d. 1833 : 11, Catherine, b. 1835, d. 1837 ; 12,
Harriot A., b. 1837.
2. Silas Rick, 1). Annapolis, 1762, m. Sarah' KnifFen (descendant of
Georj^e,' of Stratford, Conn., 1666, through George,-' George,'' George^).
Lived in Hillsburgh, Digby Co., a higlily respected farmer, d. 1853, aged
91. She d. 1856, aged 90. Cliildren :
i. John, b. 178G, m. (1st) Mary, dau. Aaron Hardy, (2nd) Margaret
Potter, wid., in'c Balcoiii, (3rd) Elizabeth, wid. of John Balsor
Rico, m'v Chute : Ch. (by Ist wife) : 1, Alfred, b. July 11, 1819,
m. Martha, dau. of Thomas and Martha (Potter) Rice ; 2, James,
d. unm. ; 3. Eliza, m. Samuel A. Harris ; 4, Caroline ; 5, Emily ;
r)72 ItlCi: — UK.'KKTSUN.
(Iiy 'Jnil wifu) : tl, .luliii (i., iii. (Int) Aniiitiiillik, tliiii. nf Ilirlwtnt
ltiii{KliiH. C'ikI) MoTKiirct Kay ; 7. Miirgurut, iii. C'liikiluH lii({lua ;
(|py .'Iril wifi>) : H, Muiiry, in.
ii. Sully, III. Jhiiikh, hod nf .losliuii ItaiikH, II eliililroii.
iii, <!fiir){(), Ik iii'iHtur imtriiiur, iii. Hnrrit^t, iliiii. nf Riciiunl Clurku, anil
li'ui I'll.: I, Surah Aim, iii..li>hii Vur({liall, or Vari'ii^lu : '2, lluburt,
Ml. Maria IVIim'n ; .'I, Miiiutta, in. David Li-iit ; 4, iHiiiali, <1. iiiiiii.;
r», Kihvai'd, III. Marifarol Ko^'art.
iv. Hut.soy, i». 17!'t. ni. NVilliaiii, h >n of TIidui w Horry, 7 chililren.
V. .IoHo|ili, 1). l7iW, III. (IhI) Siipliiii. (Ian. of Francis Miliar, ('Jii(l) -Vnim
Iti'iiwii, (I. IH7I : Cli.: I, KraiiciH, in. LmiiHa I'nnly ; -, Wm.
Hiiiry, ni. Sophia Marshall ; .'t, Kdwanl, in. Mriiltjot — ; 4,
Norman, ni. (iHt) Julia Lout, (L'litl) wid. Putttr, in'r Uolililuo ;
r>, Mary Ann, in. .Mirahain Lunt ; aUo arcordin^ to tlio "(^hiitu
(iunoalo^ius, " Kaciiul, 'rhoiiiiis, Whitt'tiuld, Sophia and Luonard,
10 in all.
vi. Mary, in. Honry, son of Honjainin and ./ano Potter.
vii. Monry Alline, h. IKOK, in. (1st) Xolmdali, dau. of TlioiniiB and
Martha llii'o, (iJnd) Leonora, dan. of Ui-auoii Aaron Chuto : Cii. :
1, Lois ; L', David ; 15, Allino : 4, .Aaron ; 5, 'I'honiaN ; ti, Wesley ;
7, Melissa ; H, Melvina ; !*, Mary Eli/.aimtli ; 10. Alexinulor Rons.
viii. Dorothy, It. IMOtl, ni. Oldham, hihi of .lames Armstrong, - I'liildreii.
i.\. Charlotte, m. Wilher, son of Aliedne^o Parkctr.
X. Aaron, b. Dee. 22, IHl'.i, m. Ann, dau. of Win. Aymar, 4 children.
KliRNKZi'.H Rice, J vs., was (le.sceiulcfl iti tin* sovcnth jjcnoratioti from
tlip iinnii;,'riiiit aiiccstor, Kdmnnd,' tlnoij^h Tliomas,-' Thomas,' Fcicy,'
Phiiieas, ' l'il>eIU'/,^^r." * llts was Ikjiu in 174.1, inairit'tl a Miss lialcum in
177S, and liad children :
i. Jonas, b. 177», ni. 1801, Dorothy Halsor : Cli. : 1, Samuel, b. 1802,
III. (Ist) Martha Watt, ('Jnd) Stronjj; ; 2, Hannah, !>. 1804, m.
(Ist) .I.'hn Croiise, (2nd) .lacob Dodye ; K, .lolin, b. 18()(i, d.
yoniig ; 4. .lohn, ii. 1810, m. Eli/.abeth Chnte ; 5, Kbenezer. b.
1812, III. Kli/a Thomas; (i, Klizabeth, b. 1810, m. John Thomas.
ii. Levi, b. 1781, m. Marj»aret l{o))inson - Ch. : 1. .lohn, m. Helen
Corbitt ; 2, Abner, ni. Statira McCormick : Ii, Williiim, in. (1st)
.lane Spurr, (2nd) Margaret Mott ; 4, Benjamin, m. Helen
Spnrr ; .">, .lonas, in. Avis Spurr ; 0, Levi, m. Statira Hawkes-
worth ; 7, Lucy Ann, m. Freeman Herteaux ; 8, Susan, d. unin. ;
U, Diah, 111. .lohn Snlis.
iii. Ann, b. 178;^, m. Miciiael Spurr.
RiCKETSON. The name i.s probably an old corruption of Ilichard.son,
and of Northern orij^in. Ahednkcjo and Tlmotiiy came perhaps from
Ricketsonville, Mass., but there is a tradition that they had lived in one
of the Carolinas before they came to Nova Sctttia. Timothy died of
.smallpox liefore 1770. Abednego settled about half-way between
Bridfifetown and Belleisle. He married in 17.57, Phebe Tucker, and died
1778. Children:
* Desides, anil younger than Kbene/.er, jun., Kbonezer, son., had : 2, Joseph, in.
(Ist) Mary (Jrecn, (2nd) Hiildali Wilcox ; .S, Bcnj.ainin, ni. Sarah (ireen ; 4, Anna, d.
young ; ."i, William, d. young ; (i, Sarah, in. IJenjaniin Fairn ; 7, Elizabotli, ni. John
Whitman.
ItlcKKTSnN - UITCIIIK. 678
i. Ilatlmluilia, \i. IT'tH, in. I77".', Il'ihort S|iriiulo.
ii. Ili'iiry, h, I7<l<)(iii N.S. ). in. Mm-y McKmi/.iu (mi iHnuu).
iii. Kli/iiiiuth, li. 17*i'.', in. I7HI, .Iclni h'oHtcr.
iv, I'liuliu, It. I7'>'>, ill. MikttliKW Itiiiit'h.
V. .I..11I1UI, 1>. I7<>7, 111. (1st) l7.H!t. Kli/iilntli K.mtiir, C-'lnl) I7!M1. Haliliah
I'litkur: <.'li.: 1, lliiiiry, li. I7'.M), m. IHI4, (Miurlotto 'riimnuH ;
ii. 1'IioIk'. I.. 17!i-'. III. Till'. xl.. re Hill : .'t, Kli/.al.Hli, ii. I7'.tr>, m.
Ki'tiili'i'it' Kiiiu'li : 4, Miiiiun, li. IHDI, d. iinin.; i>, Aliuiiiii'^o, li.
|H(»4, .1. iiiiiii.; <1, .Idnl.iii, 1). |H(«;, d. |H1."_', uiiiii.: 7, Cluirli.ttf.
1.. IHIIH. III. Williuiii K. Wlnu'lock ; H, SImiliac, I.. IH||. m. Suruh
Hi'stur 'I'linrno ; !t, Sii.siimiii, li. IHII, in. (I.st) .liicul) Kuwi', CJinl)
Wlllmin II. KviTiat ; 10, Ann, l>. IHI.'t, iiiiin. ; 1|, .Ihiiu^h I'lirkor,
1). IHI7, III. Kli/.ii lioliiikcr (no Imsuo).
vi, Ciitliiiriiii'. 1). 1770, III. Litcli.
vii, I'litionct', li. I770, III. (JtM>r>{o NiclioU.
viii. Frodoiii', li. 177:.', in. (Int) ('lmiii)ttii MiKon/ie, (•_'ii(l) IHI<». Mary
Thoin.iH: Ch.; I, Wullor, h. IHIO, in. (1st) J«;t7, Sfliim Meiit,
(L'ml) Kllii v.. .liiliiiHtoii ; 2, .limupli lluiiry, b. iHI.'t, in. Stoad-
niHii ; '.\, Ai'iiiHiiillu, l> IHI.'), in. <!i'i)rL!o .liiliimton ; 4, Miiry Ann,
h. IHI7, III. Kdvviii'il Uuckniini ; ft, Kli/jiliotli, d. iiniii. ; *>. Jniin,
ni. (ill .Maiiii').
ix. Mary, 1). I77r>, in. K/.ekiel MesHoiiKcr.
X. Nitnuy, I). I777t hi. •loiiii Marttliull.
Unniir,. (/l;/ the Kdllor.) The iiaino is derived from the Gothic and
(lid Oerniiiii root wind r'n'h or rih, si;,'iiit"yin^ nih' or iloiiiinloii, (generally
found in terniinatioiiH, as I/rinrlrh, from old (ierinan fifini, fionii', trans-
hited Henry, and interpreted to mean "Prince, or Uulcr of Home";
Frlfdrich, translated Frederic, "Prince of Peace"; thus sometimes in
Enj^iisli takinji tiio favourites En^^lish termination //, and in otiier names
retaining the sound of c. It is often found at tlu! hegiiininj; of a name,
as in the familiar l»iehard, Uiclimond, etc. Tlu; surname Kichan is
another instance. The name llich by itself is a well-known name, and
no douht tlie ori;j;inal of this name, the terminal syllable being an after-
growtli. llich, MacUich, MacUichie or McHitchie, Ilitchie would i)e tlie
natural order of deveh)pment. The family is said to have been a sept of
the clan McPherson. In Meland the name is generally spelt lliche}' ; in
modern Scotland it usually takes the t. Joiix RnciiiK, Es(j,, a native,
it is supposed, of Glasgow, came to Annapolis from JJoston as early as
1775, probably earlier, and perliaps one or two years before the arrival of
his uncle* Andrew, whose family will be next recorded. (See njemoir, p.
* Thoro was no point on which the deceased author was more positive than 011
this relationship. He suys, however, that they were proliahly natives of Ardoch,
in I'erthsiiii-e, and erroneonsly assigns Andrew's death to the year 1781. Anxious
to eleiir up tiiis genealogical pronleiii in a reniarkalile family, I eon.sulted Mr.
William A. Ritchie, of this town, who has long familiarized himself with the tradi-
tions of the Kas-ioii, LeCain ami Ritchie families, and he gives me what he has found
among the descendants of Andrew Kitchii!, and lome of the descendants of John,
naming esjiec^ially as his informants the following persons, who lived eontemiHU'arv
with those who, it is to he su])po8ed, would know : His grandmother, whose hnsliaiiij,
William LeCain, was the brother of the wife of the tirst John Ritchie ; and Andrew
Stirling Ritchie, born in 1785, youngest son of the first John. The tradition he
r)74 lUTCHIK.
.■$11.) He marritHl, as for roiisons stated in tlif note I now helieve, (Ist)
in 1770, when about twenty-five years old, in K(linbiii'j,'li, a la. ly whose
Christian name was Janet; (2nd) at Annapolis, not later than the
aunnner or autumn of 177G, Alicia Maria, daughter of Fiancis IJ.
LeQuesne, or LeCain, and became the father of a District Chief .Judge
of th(; Court of Connnon Pleas, grandfather of three Supreme Court
judges (one the Chiet .Justice of (.Janada), and great-grandfather of a
present Judge of our County Courts. His widow survived him twenty-
.■^even years. They had children :
i. John Corbett, b. .July 11, 177i>. His '• birtlulivy " I loarn from hia
only surviving daugliter ; the year fi-oiii the church records of
Sydney, where his burial is registered, "July !(!, 18(J0, a. 85
yeiii's." As a young nifin of fine iiiartiid a]ipearance he attracted
ilie attention of the Duke of Kent, who induced iiim tu accept
a cominission in the Royal N(jva .Scotia Rei;iiiicnt, raised in 17'.'J$,
and recruited to iLs full strength of olHcers and men in the autunm
of 17'.'4. (Murdoch, Vol. 3, p. I'M.) His n.ame first ap])ears as
an otHcer in \~W>, when the name of Anthony (ieorge Kysh, who
that year soKl (jut hia commission, disappears from the list as a
lieutenant, and that of John C. Ritchie appears as the junior
lieutenant. In the list; of officers wlien the regiment was disbanded
in IHOlJ (Miu'doth, ''ol. 2, ]). 'il()'», liis name appears the eighth in
order of seventeen lieutenant', and second before that of Timothy
Riiggles, who was b. March 7, 1770. Afterwards he removed to
Sydney, where he is said to have been t)ne of the lessees of the
coal mines, and is described iu the church records as "clerk of
gives nie is that Auiliew Ritchie came to Boston with wifa, ^hl^garct .Nb'Nei.sh,
and his first two cliildrcn ; tlial in due time he sent his oldest son .John to
(rliisgow to school ; tliat while this son was in (ila.sgow a hiotlier of Andrew died,
leaving a son .TouN ; that tlie latter came out to lioston with his cousin .John,
and was thenceforth an inmate of his micle Andrews liousehold until he attained
Ills majority, when he went into partiierslii]) witli or was .set uj) in l)usiness by
his uncle. He tells me that the late Andrew !<tirling Ititcliie claimed ex])res8ly to
have been named in lionour of liis fathei's uncle Andrew, whose full name was
Andrew iStirling, although he fiever useil tiie second or its initial in piactiee. I may
here observe that a seeonil (Christian name was selilom or nevei- known among
English-s])eaking ))eople un*'l 'owaiils the middle of the hist century, and the
second name, or its initial, w.. generally disused until very recent times. (Of this
thy cas'> of Thomas Harcday, M.IM*. , is an e.\am|)le. ) The oidy two grandsons of
Aiub-ew Ritchie now s\irviving, think the latter cana- to ISoston before the birth of
his second child ; and one of tliem, aged b-i, hut witii naturally excellent mental
capacity entirely unimpaired, telN me one brother with a sf)n came over with, or
immediately after, Andrew, but the other nephew .bilm, fatliei' of Judge Thomas
Ritchie, came some years later. Restates that he knew lioth the judge and A. S.
Ritcliie in their lifetimes, and was known by them as second cousins ; and another
reliable man. son of a deceased giandson of Andrew, well lemendiers his fatlier and
Andrew Stirling Ritchie associating and conversing together on the footing of second
cousins, grandsons of l)rothers. It is notable that the four chihlren of .lohn were
given the very same names as tlie first four cliihlren of Andrew, sen. ; and a man
born iu 1788, who took an intelligent interest in the jwlitics of the ci-nnty in 1819,
informed me about forty years ago that the two Thomas Ritehies wdio sat for the
county and township respectively in 1810 were cousins. About the relationship of
two prominent public men, it does not seem likely that contemporary opinion would
be misinformed. But .seeking to verify or disprove these traditions, I s 'ight
traces of the family in Boston, and found on the Suffolk ''.jiiit files, folio 7'2,44t»,
under date of February '28th, 1754, that Andrew 1iile}iie "from the country"
(which my informant, Rev. Anson Titus, a most accomplished archieologist and
genealogist, assures me is a mere lapsits pliimie iov "from the oW country ") had
lui'ciiii;. 575
till) mines," and was long a iii'uminont, citizen. He in. (1st) while
.stationed at Halifax, Au;.;. 18, 1800, Alexis, dan. of <'ol. Campbell,
•Jlst regiment, CJnd) at Sydney, Nov. 18, 18(»7, Amelia, dau. of
Hon. David Matthews, a Loyali.st, Attornuy-(ieneral of Ca])o
Breton: Cli. : 1, Harriet Despard, hiid. Dec. 14, 1801, lived
when youni.' with her nncle Thomas at •' The (Jrange," Annapolis,
m. Charlf.s Hogu"*, d. at Windsor, several eh.: 'J, Helen Ami, l)])d.
Sept. 11, 18();{, d. at Halifax, iinni.; ;{, Thomas Campbell, b. 1805,
whose baptism is not recorded at Sydney, the parish being vacant
for a year at that period ; lie went a>vay when a young man and
d. abroad ; 4, Alexis Jane, bpd. July 14, I80(!, d. 18;$", bu. Jan.
19 (her mother (1. at her birth); (by 2nd \v.); T), Caroline Maria,
b. Sept. 21, bpd. Out. 17, 1808, m. Hon. Edmund Murray Dodd,
Judge of the Supreme '-/ourt (his 2nd w.), and is the mother of
His Honour HloMixn Mukhay Doi>i>, Judge of the County Courts,
and had l» other ch. xVrnelia (Matthew.s) Ritchie d. April 14, 181(5.
By second wife :*
Thomas, b. Sept. 21, 1777. (Seciueni'irof Thomas Kitciiik, M.P.P.,
p. :y.)4.) He ni.(l8t) July 27, 1807, Klizabuth, dau. o." vVilliani More-
ton Johnstone. She d. June (bu. 2;>rd), 1810, a. .'{2 ; (2nd) May
20, 182H, Elizabeth, dau. of (ieorge Best, of Pershore, County of
Worcester, England, a sister of the Rector of Granville. She d.
— ; (lird) Sept. ;J0, IS.'iO, Anne, dau. of Col. .Joseph Norman
Bond, of Yarmoutli : Ch. : 1, John William, b. March 2(), 1808,
m. Amelia, dau. of Hon. William Bruce Almo-i, M.D., d. 1880;
2, Thomas Andrew, b. 1810, in. Laleah Almon (sister of Amelia),
d. 1880 (no issue); ;t, William Johnstone, b. Oct. 28, 1813, ni.
(1st) Miss Strange, of St. Andrews, N.B., (2nd) Grace Vernon,
dau. of Thomas L. Nicholson, Escp, of St. John, and step-dau. of
Admiral VV. FitzW. Owen, R.N., d. Sept. 2."), 1802 ; 4, Laleah,
been in the town " Hfteen days'";'and folio ~'A,!>'H), under date of Octoln'r 1st, 1754,
says Andrew Kitohie, witli "•//( and rhi/d, " hatii been here .some time." His
second child. Aim, aeconliiig to lier recorded age at burial, must tiierefoie have
been born between October 1st and November 24th, 1754. In 1702 Mr. Andrew
Ritchie was appointeil constable, but declined to .serve. Tl. 3 prefixes "Mr." and
"Mrs." in tho.se days in New England were narefully confin,, 1 to •f.ons of recog-
nized standing in tiie coiiinumity. "(iood-iiian '" and "good-wite ' denoted peo|)le
of liumbh^r rank. Finally, under date of October 2(ith, 1770, in Snti'olk Court files,
folio 80,002, we have, "John Richie and wife Jennet (.Ianet\ last from Edinl>urgh,
come to town with Capt. John Dunn the 21st Oi'.tobcr, 1770, in the ship iHiisro.
Tluji lotliji tioir at Mr. Andn-ir Richie ■•<, in Marlborough Street.'' I cannot but
concbidi' that these were the Andrew and John who came to Ann.ipolis, and it
woiihl follow that .lolm Ritchie was a widower when he married Miss LeCain, which
is very likely, seeing that he was l)orii in 1745, and men in tiiose days very rarely
indeed reinaineil single after the agi; of twenty-four or twenty-tive. He wa,s no
<loubt son of an ehler brother of Andrew, whose name, there is reason to supjiose,
was Thomas, and probably both he and his uncle pos.se.sseil means as well as social
.'itanding. The substance of the traditions seems fully contirnied by the entries cited,
and by the recorded age at death of John's son, John Corbett Ritchie, while Judge
Thomas Ritchie, m\ the stimo erected by him in honour of his motiier, describes
himself as hir eldest son. The fact that no tradition of another marriage sin »Mves,
and that in some lines of John's descendants the tradition of a relationship between
Andrew and John is lost, is no surprise to a genealogist ; but it is surjirising that no
obituary notice of so prominent a public man as John Ritchie can be f;)und in
Halifax or Boston papers, or the Oentlemaii'n Mannziiie of the period. His descend-
ants claim as the arms of the family the following, which differ from those of the
Ritchies of Craigtown, granted as late as 1758, chiefly in substituting grifliiis' heads
for lions' heads : " 1st and 4tli, three griffins" heads eraseil on a chief gules ; 2iid and
3rd, a cres<;eiit between three crosses niolino argent ; rrext : a unicorn's head erased ;
motto: virtute actpiiritur honos."
* I finil a very faint tradition in the town that John C. and Thomas were only
half-brothers.
')7G RITCHIE.
111. (Ist).Iiiiie 3. liHIJ,"). Charles Tlioniaa Cmiiiinsjjhaiii MacCoUa,
Harrister, (2iul i Auj,'. 2H, 1852, Anthony Francis Forbes, son of
Capt. Anthony VaiiSoniersill Forbes; 5, I{ev. .lames ,)ohnstono,
b. Feb. !), IHl't;, d. ,)an. 22, 18'.»L>, m. (1st) Kliza Aliiion (sister of
Amelia), 2 sons and l! dans., (2n(l) Sojihia IJarr, wid., »ii'i (Sarrctson,
of N.V., oni' son, (ii'iinic (('. ; (1, Flizabeth Lij^htenstone, b. 1817,
bpd. .Ian. iT., 1818, ni. Nov. lit. 1840, Hon. William .lohnstoiie
Almon, Senator (bro. of Amelia) ; 7, (leorye Wildman, 1). 18l!>
(bi)d. Oct. .'!), 111. iMi,ss .lane Cudlip, of New iJrunswick, d. yoiiiii.',
several eh. ; (by ."ird wife): 8, Alicia Maria, bpd. April 11, 18.">l!,
d. youn^' ; M, .loseph Norman, b. May 25, 18IU, in. (1st) Ajiril 14,
1858, .Anne Mary, dan. of Septimus K. Seaife, (2iid).hnie7, 1877,
Mary, dan. of .lolin Cochran, Es(|., Newjiort, uird), .Inne 4, I8!t5,
her cousin. Alice Maud, dan. of .lames H. Cochran, of Brooklyn.
Hants County.
iii. .\nn, b. .Aui;., 1781,* m. Daniel W. James. She was buried
"March 2(J, 1854, a. 72."
iv. Andrew Stiiliiiii, b. ])robably autumn of 1785, bpd. Ajiril 2.S, 17Ht!,
" Andrew Ritchie, of Itosette, buried Dee. 12, 185!», a. 74" (St.
Luke's Cii. rec.) Ho for some years w -s a merchant of St. .lohn,
N.U., where he in. Mars^'aret, dan. of Dr. Adino I'addock. and
represented tlio city and County of .St. John in the J'rovincial
Parliament from 1821 to 1827 inclusive, his colleagues in his first
term iieini.,' Ward Clii])iiian. afterwards Chief .lu.stice, John
Wiliiiot and Charles Simoiids. all distinj^uished men. He then
returned to Anna|iolis, and lived on St. (Jeorge's St., lower town,
but removed to Dalhousie and thence to Rosette : Ch. ; I, Mar-
garet Paddock, 111. 18511, (jreorge (iiliiiour; 2, William Pagiiii, in.
and lives in Perry. Me. ; o, Alicia Maria, m. William (iormlev ;
4, Thomas Heaborn, b 182:5, d. Feb. 2, 18!»t;, m. J.m. 2'.i, 1852,
Mari,';iret Klizabeth Co]ieland, and had son Jolni, b. lS54, now
in railway employ, Cliirriicc and others ; 5, Andrew Stirli) g, b.
1827, bu. Jan., 18,50, a. 22, uiiin. ; (i, Elizabeth .lohnstoiie. bpd.
Maj' 7, 183.'!, d. a. 4 years ; 7, Anna Thiirgar, b. Jfay 27, 18;i5, m.
Sejit. 11, 187(), John Wyman .lames, P'.sq. ; (probably) 8, Edward,
b. May 15, 184:5, m. Nov. 21, 1872, Annie, dau. of Kiehardson
Harris, Esq.
Of the above sons of Tlioiiias Uitcliie, lion. John W. Krrciiii; was
Solicitor-Gpiieral and M.L.C., 1SGI-G7, meinlicr of tlio Colonial Oonfei--
ence on the union of the Provinces. 18()()-()7, Senator, 18G7, and appointed
Judge of the Huprenie Court in E(|uity, September 28, 1870. Sik
'\VlLLl.\M JoilssTO.NE Hi TCI UK practised law in St. John, N.P>., was a
member of the (jovernnieiit in 1854, Judge of Supreme Court, 1855,
Chief Justice of New Brunswick, December G, 18G5, and Judg<! of the
Supreme Court of Canada, October, 1875, and knighted after being
appointed Chief Justice of Canaiia, January 11, 1879. Hon. Joskimi
NoKM.\N UrrcniE wa.s apj)ointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova
Scotia, September 26, 1885, and is still living.
1. Andrew Ritchie married in Scotland, Margai-et McNeish, and came
to Boston, ]Mass., with his first-born child, and thorefoi-e Ijetween 1752
and 1755. Tlie rest of his children were born in Jioston. H(^ seems to
— -——■ : • See p. 164.
Hkv. James J. Ritciiik,
Hi dor of St. Liilci'''t, Atn.-qmlU.
RITCHIE. 577
have remained in Boston till September 3, 1777, when he was denounced
by the "Committee of Corresjioudenue and yaftity " as bein<i "inimical to
this State ; " after which he, doubtless hastentsd* to join his nephew at
Annapolis, with liis daughters and young children, Ijut the two or three
eldest sons probal)ly remained and took some part in the war on the loyal
side, for <"i tne muster lolls of Loyalists and discharged soldiers at
AnnaiKjlis taken between 18th and lilth June, 1784, the following names
appear as " Loyalists settled at Ai\napolis " : Andrew, Andrew L'nd,
Thomas, Matthew, James and John liitchie, of whom Andrew, sen., and
John were married, and each had a child under ten. Fn the Digby grant
of February 20, 1784, the names Andrew Ritchie, Andrew Ritchie, jun.,
and Thomas Ritchie follow one another, .'300 acres to Andrew, sen., and
100 to each of the others ; anrl at some distance down there is a grant
of 300 to John, which would seem to imph' that Andrew, jun., and
Thomas were both unmarried. The author (juoted the " customs
accounts " in the archives as showing that Andrew and the first John
Ritchie were merchants in Annapolis as early as 1770. Andrew, sen.,
was a loading spirit of the town from the time of his arrival till his
death, October 3, 1807. The dates of the birth of his children 1 get from
their recorded ages at burial, excejjt Andrew and Matthew, of whom I
can find no such record, and only place Matthew after James because he
is so placed when named with James in their father's will. Children :
(2) i. John, ]>. 1751 or 1752.
ii. Ann, b. before Nov. 24, 1754, m. William Cross ("bu. Nov. 27,
1842, a. 88 ").
iii. Margaret, b. about 1757, m. Francis B. LeCain, jun.
(3) iv. Andrew, )>. 17(>0.
V. Thomas, b. about 17*)3. Thomas Ritihie lived on a farm, took a
great interest and wielded SDUie influence in public att'airs*; was
elected a member for the townshij) of Annapolis, and made a Jus-
tice of the Peace in 181!) ; never married ; was buried May 13,
18.33, aged 70, a capable and worthy public man.
vi. James, b. before May 14, 1707, bu. May 14, 1847, a. 80, m. Rebecca
Messenger, probably dau. of Ebenezcr* : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, ni.
James Copeland ; 2, Harriet, m. Thomas Himlon ; .3, John, ui.
— Wright, (if Clements, and at one time livetl at North Range,
Digby County, where his brother-in-law, St.anley Wright, had
settled, probably several ch. ; 4, James, settled and n:. in N.li. ;
5, Daniel, m. Milbury (sister of Beecher M.); (i, Elliott, m. Lydia
Potter, ne'e DeWitt ; 7, Charles, m. in N.B. ; 8, Thomas, d. unm.
(4) vii. Matthew. + (His surviving son, David, aged 95, thinks Matthew
shcul 1 be next after Thomas.)
(5) viii. Robert, b. about 1772.
* Tradition says lu- escaped violence by Hight in the night to Marhleliead, wliere
he ynt on board a British man-of-war.
t Wherever 1 have met any family of this surname, however spelt, I have found
Matthew a favourite Christian name in it.
37
578 RITCHIE.
2. John Ritchie, born 1751, nmnied, perhaps in Boston, Elizabotii
Prescott, or Proctor, and lived on tlie place a little to the eastward of the
Cape, now occupied by the widow of Alexander llitciiie, son of Andrew,
2nd, and near what was known as the Fred. Hardwick j)iacc. If he went
to school in (llasgow, as tradition says, and came home with the otiier
John, his cousin, he must, on his return, have been about nineteen. He
.died January' 1, 1S;{5, aged 83. Chihlren :
i. Miu-garot. b. about 1774, m. 1701, Charles Mott.
ii. Elizatjetli, b. about 177<), m. (1st) (Jeorge, son of Peter Pineo, jun.
(who lost his Hfo at AUaiu's Crook bridge during its construction),
(I'nd) — Bullcye.
iii. John, b. 177'.t, d. 1781.
iv. Thomas,!). 1782 (:';. descendants not traced. There was a Thomas
llitcbic, l)i)d. Dec. 28, 178<>, whom 1 cannot place, unless he is of
this family.*
V. John, b. 178."), d. unm. at sea ']ierhaps the one bpd. Dec. 28, 1786).
vi. Rebecca, 1). 17!>0, bpd. June 28, m. 1810, Sergeant- Major Robert
Trotter. 2.'Jrd Regt. Royal Welsh P'usiliers.
vii. Mary Ann, b. 17!);$, bpd. .March, 17!*4, d. unm.
viii. Rol)ert (a son or dau. of .lolin, name not entered, was bpd. Jan. 2,
17!>!t). '"• March 8, 1820, Martha Mossman : Ch.: 1, Ninetta, Itpd.
July 2. 1821 ; 2, Azelia Lonsdale, l)pd. June 1, 1823. He
renu)ved to N. B., where he prot)ably had other children.
'^. Andrew Ritchie was baptized in the First Presbyterian Ciiurch,
Boston, June 1, 17G0, and is tlie only one of the children of the first
Andrew whose liaptismal record I can find. He married, one would
judge from the dates of his children's liirths, after 1790, Elizabeth Card,
of Windsor, or, as some traditions have it, a woman whose mother's name
was Card. Perliaps she was a widow and there is some reason for
supposing he may liave been previously married, and the father of James
Pvitchie, who lived near Yaiinouth. He, after living .some years at
Windsor, returned to the county, and died at tlie house of liis son
Andrew at Rosette, or Moschelle, alxiut 1828. His widow was i)uried
April 27, 185;$, aged 85. Children :
i. Matthew, It. prol)al)ly 17'.'7 (a son or dau. of Andrew R. was l)]id.
Jan. 14, 17!>8), m. June 2. 182;^, Jane Ellis: (.'h.: 1, Wilkinson
■lames Ex.shaw, lipd. Oct. 27, 1824, ni. Sept. 29, 1845, Ann
Balsor. several ch.
" ii William H., 1). 17!»8, bjid. Jan. 2, 17!Ht, m. (1st) May 14, 1821, Mary
Ritchie (dau. of Robert), (2nd) Jan. 18. 184!), Mary MacLauchlan :
Ch.: 1, Jane Eliza, bpd. 182(>, m. June 20, 1844, Stathern Bailey ;
2, Charles, bpd. 182(i ; (by 2nd wife) : 3, Mary, m. Joseph Cope-
land ; 4, Fannie, d. unm.
* The few Hrst year's entrie.s of Mr. Hailey's register are admittedly made after
the event, and therefore defective, owing, lie writes, to his not being able to proer.re
a suitable l)Ook, and no records ke])t previous to iiis arrival can l)e found. He
alleged that tiiey had l)eeu taken to Halifax, and 1 think it likely they are in the
military arehives in London. A William Kiti.hie was baptized August, 1784.
HITCHIK. 579
iii. Aiuliew, li. iiliout 1H04, <l. Nov. 2H, 1851, a. 47, in. (Ist) Catharine
Harkor, (2n(l) Aug. 13, 18:{7, Kli/.alwth Evans JoHerscm : Ch.: (liy
Ist w.) 1, Thomas, h. at Rosette, 182i>, ni, and lives in Yarmouth ;
(liy 2nil w.)2, Adeline Ale.^is, m. .lusejih li. Kinney, of Yarmouth,
M.P.P. (his Ist w.) ; ;i, John Jleid. d. -- ; James Henry, resides
in California ; 5, Mary Keid, m. (Jeorge Kinney, of Yarmouth —
these last four were all l)a{)ti/.cd Nov. 21, 1844 ; <i, Cornelia, bjid.
June 4, 1840, tn. J. Moore CaniphoU McDormand ; 7, Alexander,
ni. Nov. 30, 1876, Sarah Harris (dau. of Alexander); 8. Andrew ,
9, Charlotte, ni. William Spurr.
iv. Thomas H., h. 180(5, m. June 14, 182'J, Jane Copeland, and d.
Dec. 25, 1852, a. 4r) : Ch. : 1, Charles, b. Jan. 20, 18:J0, m. Dec.
30, 1855, Harriet , Jefferson ; 2, John Arthur, b. .Ian. 20, 1831, m.
Harriet McDonald (lived at Milton, (,,Jueen's County), two .sons ;
3, William, 1). .lune 28, 1834, m. .lanet McMuUen (in Liverpool) ;
4, Edmund, b. March 28, 18.'!0, m. Feb. 4, 18(!4, .Jane Copeland
(dau. of .lames) ; 5, Robert Miller, b. July, .3, 1838, m. (Ist)
Mary Hennesy, (2nd) Agnes, dau. of Sylvester Comeau, of
Marshalltown ; (>, (Jeorge, b. .luly 10, 1840, d. unm. ; 7. Thou)as,
b. Aug., 1843, m. Maria Christopher (lived in Boston); 8, James,
b. Feb. 12, 1840, ni. Evaline Ritchie (dau. of Alexander, son of
Andrew) ; 0, Henry Albert, li. Nov. 12, 18.")0, m. Elizabeth
Ritchie (dau. of Thomas, son of Andrew Stirling).
iv. George, said to be younger than the preceding, m. Elizabeth Ritchie,
/ICC .Jett'erson : Ch. : I only, Jennie, m. .Jesse Jefferson. A George
Ritchie d. 1878, bu. Oct. '28, .said to be "aged 74."
vi. Susan, m. .John Langley.
vii. Caroline, m. William Hiudon.
viii. .Vle.xander, b. 181.3, m. Nov. 21, 1844, Mary .Jane Sweet. He d.
188ii, a. 73. Ch.: 1, Margaret LeCain, bpd. May 17, 1840; 2,
Fanny, b. July 31, 1850; 4, Evaline, b. Apr. 21, 18.52, perhaps
others.
4. Matthkw Ritchie married Elizalieth Easson, who was born 1775.
He was a master mariner. 8he was buried October 1, 1847, aged 72.
Children :
i. Thomas Easson, b. Oct. 3, 1793, m. Nov. 11, 1821, Jane Thompson :
Ch.: I, .John Edmund, b. 1824 ; 2, James, living on Virginia
Road; .3, Charlotte (these two were bpd. Jan. 0, 18.3((); 4, Charles,
bpd. Sept., 1833 ; 5, Mary .Jane, bpd. Sept. 15, 1835 ; 6, Avis,
bpd. Feb. 3, 1838 ; 7, Dorinda Thompson, bpd. Feb. 27. 1840 ;
8, George, bpd. Aug. 8, 1841. One dau. m. William Pinkney,
one m. James Robertson.
ii. Maria, b. Aug. 15, 179.5, d. 1815.
iii. John, b. Sept. 29, 1798, m. Mary Stiles: Ch.; 1. Enoch ; 2. Free-
man ; and others.
iv. Andrew, b. Sept. 22, 1799, d. March, 1888, unm.
v. David Easson. b. Oct. 9, 1801, m. March 3, 1831, Catherine
Ryerson : Ch.: 1, Simeon, d. unm.; 2, Sarah, m. David Easson ;
3, Charles, d. unm.; 4. Selina, m. Dec. 13, 1858, Charles Steadman ;
5, Ste])hen Delancey Ryerson, m Nov. 9, 1871, Fannie Sanders.
vi. Avis, 1). April 10, 1804, m. Thomas R. Spurr (son of Michael 3rd),
vii. Harriet, b. March 13, 1800, m. William Wheaton.
viii. Clara, b. Jan. 0, 1807, d. unm.
ix. William, b. June 24, 1810, m. June 10, 1851, Maria Sweet : Ch. :
Severi! d:ri«.
X. Mary Ann, b. Sept. 22, 1813.
680 KriciiiK— uoAcii.
5. RoHKUT RiTciiiK, l)uiii al)()ut 177-, nmrrifid Avis Kasson, was a
sclioiil-teat'licr, and died .luiu' (1)U. Juno 5), 185.'i, ii<n'.t\ 81. Cliildien :
i. Alexiiniior Kas.soii, bjul. Due, 17!'!', m. •''in. H, IHIiO, Kli/,iil)oth
l.oC.iin, il. Aui,'. -'4, IH.'U : Cli.: I. Willimn A., 1>. April 15, 18;U,
ni. Jan. .'»(), lHri7, Funnii! Foster (hud ono cliild A'o/'i/koi /•'., iliud
without is.siiu) ; 2, John Mooro Ciiniphidl, It. May 5, IH',\'2. ni.
Joiuinii Duly (two <Ijiiih., Mdiii, d.. and /ir.v.s/e).
ii. John Easson, l>. Jan 1!', IHl.'f, m. IHMH, Harriet h, Mnylturry; was in
early life an aitilicfr and dealer in tin and hollow ware, and later
general merchant in .Vnniipolis, and now resides at Varnionth, n
much respected eiti/.en : I'll : 1, Sarah Hruce, I). .July 10, IH.'iO,
ni. Kdward Brown; 2, Ann Kli/.aheth, It. Aug.. 1H4(>, d. young;
13, Eninia Tlionias. It. Nov. H, 184'J, ni. Henry Xolilo ; 4, Caroline
lUker, It. Nov. 10, 1H4;{ ; Tt, David Alex.indor, It. Dec. IT), 1845,
m. Hunna I'enatigon, of St. .lohn, N.H., n ddes at Candiriilge,
Mass.; ti, llolii'rt llynnian Daviilson, It. .\u>j,. li", 1847, m. Ada
Hrown ; 7, Maria Uoj^ers, It. Oct. ITi, 18."t(), ni. Henjanjin Patten ;
8, Ella Avis, It .lune Ti, I8."i;i, in. (lat) Wni. II. Kinney, (L'nd)
.lauios NN'hitman, d. Dec. 10. 18!';") ; !), Bessie Dakin, It. April 2,
1857.
iii. Mary, ni. William Ritchie (son of .\ndrew).
iv. Sarah, d. unui.
v. David, Itpd. N(tv. 20, 1821, d. May, 1845, aged .SO, unm.
vi. C(din. Iipil. Oct. 15. 1828, m. Oct. 5, 1852, Sarah Lovett, sister of
.John VV. Lovott, E-sq., of Yarmouth: Ch.; 1, John Lovett, b.
Feb. 8, 1854 ; 2, Francis, b. May 18, 1850 iboth d. young).
Colin Ritchie, Rosette, d. Feb. 10, 1888.
vii. Helen, m. William LeCain.
viii. Ennua Malvina, m. William Thomas.
Roach, or Rochk. James Roach, or Rocnic, a native of Limerick,
came to Annapolis as an artificer in the employ of the Board of Ordnance,
and died in 1752, the year of the birth of ins .son John. The family is
no doubt of Norman descent, and was originally de la Roche. Burke's
" General Armory '' gives Roach as a variation of the name Roche, and
the coat of arms of the Roclie family presents the heraldic play on the
words roc/if (French), a /wX-, and r(i<ii:h, the name of a species of fish.
Roche, of Carasse, County of Limerick, Baronet (baronetcy extinct 1801),
bore arms, "Gules, three roaches, naiant ar., .a bordure engr. of the
last; crext, a rock, there(>n a stork clo.se charged on the V)reast, with a
torteau, and holding in his dexter claw a roach, all ppr.; motto, Dieii est
ma ror/ie." Another Limerick family is mentioned with arms slightly
variant. Roche, created Earl of Fermoy by James II. after his abdica-
tion, was son of a mayor of Limerick and grandfather of Sir Boyle Roche,
the distinguished mend)er of the old Irish Parliament. James lioach
had children as follows, but perhaps not exactly in the order here given :
i. .lamep, d. in the West Indies,
ii. Th(tmfts, d. in Boston, unm., accidentally killed,
iii. A daughter, m. Marniaiiuke Lamont, an English gentleman, Clerk
of the Cheque to the Beard of Ordnance, who returned with her
to England.
(2) iv. John, b. 1762.
itoAcii. 581
w*. John Koacii, l)(>ni 1752, died Auf,'ust 'M, 1828, inuriiod Lydia
Frost, and luid oliildicn ;
i. Miir^;ivret, li. Doc. 22, 177">, d. iiniii.
ii. Jhiiios, h. .Iitii. 4, I77H, in. Full. 27, 1H|!», Kli/iiliotli ToriilinHDii :
Cli.: 1, Lydiii Miiiiii, b. .Iiui. 17. 1H20. m. Jan. (i. 1H:!1». TlidniiiH
Burtcin ; 2, Martini Ann, li. Sept. 12, IH.'2. ni. Hicluir.l H\i<,'hi)H ;
;i, Uilliaui Homy. I>. .Auj,'. I.">. IH24. ni. May IK, 1H4!», Mary
liijigar ; 4. H'lorolla .tanu, ii. .Inly fi. IKl'7, hi. NVilliaiii llawko.
iii. Eliziilioth, Ij. .Ian. 24, I78(», in. Micliai'l Spurr (.son of Alirniii).
iv. .lohii, 1). Nov. Ti, I7H2, d. uniii.
V. Ailliiiiii Henry (sou inciiioir of William H. Koacii, M.I'.P.), b.
.Ian. 12, 1784, m. 1812, Mary Ann. (bin. of Major KoluTt
Tiiii]iany, a di«tiii'4iiinhtMl Loyalist: (Jli.: 1, Cliarlottu Isabel, b.
Sept., 18111, (1. uiiiii.; 2, Mary .\nn, b. 1810, m. I'arkniftn;
;$, Lydia ; 4, Sarah .lane, b. line. 28, 1H1!», in. (i. A. Seymour
Cricliton, of Halifax; 5. Robert Tiiiipaiiy, b. Feb. 25, 182K. Uov.
RoiiKKT Tlmi'any liociiK, l>.l)., who now resides at Katontown,
New .lersey, in. .Ian. 12, I8.'")2, at Charlottetown, 1'. I'].!., .Sara,
.'(rd dan. of .lainu.s Harden I'aliner. .\tioriiey-(ieneral of I'rince
Edwaril Isliiiiil, and has live oil., one of whom, AVr. llihliirt
llcnni I'lilriil; Hnrln, Rector of Loiij; iSraneh, N..I., is a rising
minister of the I'rotestant Kjiiseopal Church of the I'liited States.
vi. Mary Ann, b. March 28. I7H7, d. unm.
vii. Marthii Maria, b. Oct. 27, 17i"'", m. .Anthony Hannan, Ea<|., .1.1'.
viii. Frederic Laniont, b. Dec. 18, I7'>2, d. aged 15.
Roach. P.\ti{|('K Roach, the pro},'enitor of this family, uanie with
the north of Ireland families — liui'iis, Dunn, Mc Bride, Neily and others
— either unmarried or married shoi'*ly before liis emij,'i'ation, for, accord-
ing to the census of 1770, all his chilchcn were horn here. He settled
first in (Ji-anville, but his eldest son, Matthew, on his marriage, removed
to VVilnn)t. His son James married and settled in Annapolis, where he
died, leaving an only child, a son, who died in 1888, in Massachusetts, at
an advanced age, leaving descendants there and in thi:^ county. His
remaining son, Patrick, moved, before the beginning of the century, to
the United States. He had children :
Marthn, b. 17()K, in. — Dulton,
Matthew, b. 17(i4.
.lames, b. 17<i5, m. Nan 'y Fairn.
Mary, b. 17<>7, d. .same year.
Patrick, b. 17<)8, in.
Hannah b. 177.'i
2. Matthew Roach, b. 1764, ra, 178.'), Phebe Ricketson : Children:
i. .Tames, b. 178(5, m. Phebe Foster: Ch.: 1, Eliza, in. .Joseph
Fleming ; 2, William H., in. Isabella VanBuskirk ; .3, Mary Ann,
111. Parker Morse 4, Charlotte, m. Thomas Orpin , 5, Jamea
Orandison, in. (1st) Priscilla Parker, (2nd) Lucy Freeman ;
6, Abraham, d. unm. ; 7, Mary Lavinia, m. Thomas Colley ;
8, .John Frederic, m. Hannah Freeman ; 9, Susan, m. Henry
VanBuskirk.
ii. Mary, b. 1787, m. (1st) Sila. Chute, (2nd) James Parker.
iii. Frederick, b. 178!t, in. 1817, Elizabeth Ricketson (dan. of Jordan):
Ch. : 1, Mary Elizabeth, b, 1818 ; 2, William Henry, b, 1821 ;
(2)
(3)
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
582 KOACII — KOUIiLKK.
;», FhihuI. I.. IK2:«; 4, Lc.iiiwi, h. IHL'7 ; '., .Ihiiioh K., 1). IKJI ;
f), Klinr, I). IK'M ; 7. Siihhii Ann, l». IH.'MI.
iv. /olmiii. Ii. I7SH. in. IHlii, KninciH Noily : ('li.: I, Williiiiii MurMilen,
l». IHIT), in. L'liroliiio MiisttaH ; ti, lliiiiiiiih I'liikor, b. 1M17, in.
liii,'»iiH(>ii Spiiiiuiy ; .'<, Mmy, h. l«l!t, d. IH'JI ; 4, .loliii Ncily,
1). IH2l,ni. Mary .liiiio IIchkIi ; 5. Miiry .liiiu), 1». IH'J.'J, m. Williitin
Kimtt!!- ; r>, .lainuH I'lirkor, h. 182.'), in. Iliiiiiiiili .A. Cliutit ; 7. Ihu»(.',
t). IM-.'7, ni. Kli/jilittli Ni'wcunili ; H, Suriili .Ann, 1). IKMO, in.
Suiniit!l Spiiiiuiy ; !), KohiTt, (I. iiiiiii. ; 10, I'hcbo, d. until.;
II, (ii-iiruo. III. Kli/iiliotli KlindeN.
V. •Idliii, I). I7!*'<, 111. .loniHliii VVi'Ht, Kc'c L)('lonK(n(> iHBiitt).
vi. .AbrHliHiii, It. l7'-'r>, d. iiiiiii.
viii. Imiac, in. Mercy Wolton : Cli. : I, (Jilhort, in. Lucy Smith; 2,
(ionrnn, ni. Simaii (iati^H ; .'{, (iracinu. ni. .Foliii AndurHuii ; 4,
E/.okiol, 111. Mary VVIiouton ; f), Isaac, d. uiiiii.
viii. Warriiii, d. iiiiiii.
ix. U'aUur, d. iiiiiii.
X. Patrick, m. (Ist) fSirali Whitman, (2nd) Nancy Hakur, /nV Churchill :
("h.: I, I'liebi) Ann, in. Uobort I'altoii ; 2, Lnvi, <i. at Hoa, uiiiii.;
(hy 2iid wifu) : It, Matthew, d. iiniii.; 4, Itcnjainin, in.
xi. IMiebo.
xii. Miriam, d. unin.
3. Jamks Roach, 1). 17()r), m. Nancy Fuirn, and ha<l child:
i. .laincH, 111. Eliza Schotield : Cli.; I, .Jainos Henry, m. Mary E.
Wo )dhury ; 2, (Jantliiio, in. David I). 'rupjHjr ; .'!, ('liarloH
Edward, d. iinm.; 4, Hunjaiiiin, in. Margaret Pollock ; T), \\'illiam
H., III. Mary }). Whitman ; <>, (leor^je Frederick, in. (no
iHNue) ; 7, Eli/a, d. unin.
l{onnr,KE. I'y family tradition, the l{ol)l)Ieos an^ of Scotcli f)ri^in, Imt
inov(( jirohalily the name i.s an Anfjliflcd form of tin; German Kapalye.
(Sal)ine mentions several prominent Loyalists of New York named
Rapalje and Hapeljo. — Ed.) Tlii.s name when spoken sounds to En;,'lish
ears very like Ualiliahto, from which the transition to Robhlee is
(^asy. Joiix RoHHiiKK came with other Loyalists to Clements, where
so many of liutch and (jerman extraction setthsd, hriiif^iiif^ with him his
ehlest .son, Thomas. Before IHOO the latter was in (Iranville, on a farm
which comjirised the most interesting spot, historically, in the Dominion,
jierliaps on the contini^nt — the site of Demonts' first fort and .settlement,
and of the Scotch settlers of l()21-ir).'{0 ; and when he took possession
the outlines of the old Scotch works were plainly visible. A dwelling
house, built twt-nty to thirty years ago, stands on the very spot where
Champlain's map of IfiOf) shows the bakery stood. In digging the cellar,
a bar of iron, such as would be u.sed to support the arch of an oven,
several cannon-balls and shells, and fire-bricks of foreign make were
unearthed. John's sons, William and Josepli, went to New Brunswick
and Prince Edward Island, and founded families in those provinces.
Thomas Roiiblbk, son of Jos<!j)h, adopted by his unchi Thomas, who hfwl
no children, was liorn 1774, died 1H54, married 1798, Hannah Delap,
born 1780, died 1877. Children:
lt(»iiiii,i:K — liodi' lii<i<ii,Ks. SHM
i. John, li. I7'-M), III. Kli/.ii < Hiviii Miiiris, i>t llortini : Cli.: I, .IikIndii,
III. Syliil (;i'iiHcii|i ; \i, I'tOu'ccii, in. .I<iliii Litl InwiKul ; It, Miiry,
til. (iui>i';;u KiiMcliill ; t. I'/iiimlii, in. ■Iiiiiitis Itn^'iirt ; Ti, l.ncilla, in.
(ImI) OhitrlcH I'littiir, CJiidl Nciinmn l{i(t(! ; ti, .lulin, in. Kriincim
(Nivort ; 7. Kmiiui, in. Kol)oit I'arkor ; H, 'I'hoiniiH, (I. uiiiii.;
!), Kirtlikiiil, (1. iiiiin.; 10, llitniiikli, in. Siliis (jittluwond.
ii. •Iiiiiius, l>. IMDI, il. UIIIII.
iii. 'riioniiiN. ti. lH0:t, in. Iliumali Kli/ntiutli CioHuiip : ('li. : I, Miiry, <l.
UIIIII.: 2, Willidin, in. Susan Lcitcli ; :i, Suruli, in. .lolm Mc-
Oililndi ; 4, MuHos, III. ;\iiiia Itaxttu' ; Ti, Atalaiita (irauu, iii.
I'Vinlrrif .Anilci'Hiiti ; (i, Fniiik. in. Mary .li'im Unnii-y.
iv. Mary, l». IH(ir>, in. Kilwanl, s. nf Unv. Kdwanl llarrin.
V. Harris, h. IHOH, in. Ktinii'c Katon : (Jli.: I, 'riininaH, in. Ut) Mary
S. Wulilair, (L'ml) ( Jiiitrudi) ('arvoll ; '_', .hindi, in. Miiiniit Wallaci! ;
It, Sarah, unin.; 4, Kli/.alictli, in. Kicli.ird llitnnott ; a, Hannah,
III. IttiV. Williain Kidttdut ; ti, Kiinicu, in. William Skiiiiiur Kiitliur ;
7, William, m. Sai.ih Millci'.
vi. .\nii, I). IHIO, m. William H. Hall.
vii. SiiHaii, II. IKj.'t, III. J<iHf|ih Kcid Hall.
viii. Josiiph, )). iHiri, 111. Lucy Hall (d;iu. <>! Ilmiry): (Mi.: I, Stoplitiii
H., III. Aniialirl Chutc!; "J, .laiiu-s, d. unin.; .'t, Watmtn, d. uiiin. ;
4, Julia, III. .Iiisi'|ih (!r(is(;u|) ; "i, Harriet.
ix. tliidHoii, I). lHir>, III. Syliil ('r(iscu|).
X. Kli/.alititii, b. I>^l'.», 111. .laiiK's 'ruwiiHlii'iid 'riioriio.
xi. William, t>. IH'Ji, d. iiiiin.
xii. Sarah, li. IMlTi, iii. Sti!|ihoii B. Truop.
Roop. John IIimh', ]iii»li;ilily of (icrmdii descent, caiiic to tlii.s county
uinon^ th«! Loyalists, had ennsideraliie family, and left a larj^e posterity,
tispeciiiliy in l^igliy ('onnty. One of his sons, .lohii lioop, juii., in. (1st)
Mary Uitinars, (I'nd) Oct. 12, IK-Jfi, .lano Pickup. C'liildren :
1, John, b. 1808, ni. Sarah Ann Tickiip ; 2. Catharine, b. IKOO, in. James
Hains ; ',i, Mar^jarot, b. IHI2, iii. (Jilbort I'arker; 4, Dmnv Ditmars, b. 1KI4, in.;
5, Sarah, b. I8ir», in. Itaioii; (i, Mary, b. IH17, m. Michael Syphor; 7. Ami,
b. 18!!), m. Jan. !>, 184(t, JameH Meiritt ; 8, (Christopher, b. 1821, iii. (U.S.A.);
!>, Isaac, b. 182.'l, in. (I'.S.A.) ; (by 2nd wifiO 10, William, m. Christina Munm;
11, Susan, III. Israel I'ottor ; 12, Olivia, m. (Jorni)linH Lcttcnoy ; l.'t, Josi^ih, m.
Asenath ('harlton • 14, James, in. lieinma I'ottcr ; 15, Melis.sa, m. Harris
flutl'urHoii ; l(t, Lciuisa, in. Abraham I'ottcr.
RrrtOLKH. Tlin name de Hiij^ifc'ie and do llii<;}j;el<^y can Ih! found in
England as a name of local note early in tlio tliirteentli century, and of
more general distinction in the next ccsntury. Tlio immigrant ancestor of
the American family was de.scendeil from Thomas liuggie, who was of
Sudlmry, Sull'olk C'ounty, in 1517, and who had, among otiier sons, a son
Nicholas, who had a son Thomas. Tlie name of the wife of this Thomas
is nc>t known; but he removed to Nazing, Ksse.v. lie had two sons,
Thomas and Jolin, who settled in Koxliury, Mass., in l(i;i7 and ioS.")
respectively, and no doulit other children. This Tliomas, son of Nicholas,
and grandson of Thomas of Sudbury, Suffolk, has been erroneously con-
founded with anothi!!' Thomas, of Lavenham, Suffolk, who m. Margaret
■)84 Kldfil.Ks.
Wliiitliick, mill liail ci^^lit cliililifti, iiml was n ^mmlHon of Williiun, ii
bnitlicr ot" till' 'riiniiiiis lirst inrntiiiniMl. ami tliiTi't'ori" a him'iiihI cKiisiii to
till' fiitlu'f lit' (lir t wn iiniiii;;t'iiiit iiiitTNlKis ut' tlir Nrw l'/ij{iaiiii family.
Tlioniiis, till' iiiiiiii;,'nuit tn Hoxlnirv, was hurii in l.'iSI ; liailasmi Saimii'l,
1>. Kl'JK. Ml. (Ut) Haiiiiali, ilaii. of (ii'i»i>,"' Kowlo, of Cliiwlcstowii, ('Jiiii)
Ann, ilaii. i>f lli'iiiv ami Ami r>iii.'lit, of Wati'itDwii. Hi- was a pruiiii-
lu'iit I'ili/.i'ii ami puliiic oIliciT in Uiixiiiiiy, ami sn was his sun Sainucl, 1).
ICfiS, liy liis lirHt wife. Saiiiiiol (tliP youiij^iT) in. Martha W'Dudhriilyi?
(dau. ot" Ucv. iloliii WoDilhriil;;!', and ;;iaiiililaii';liti'r nt' K(n'. John Wood-
Itrid;.'!', of Wiltshiio, who caiiif with liis uncle. iJcv. 'riioinas ParkiT, first
minister in Ncwhury), and hcraini' thf father of l{i'\. Tiiiiothy l!uj,';^les,
and ^'ranilfatlier of {'.iiiuADiKH (Skskhai- Timothv llufiiiLEs, who was
born Oc'toher II, 1 7 1 1. ;,'raduafi'd at Harvard I7.'{-, in. Ilatlisheha, only
dau;,'hter of Melatiah liouinc, and widow of William New(;oinl), and thus
tlieri' is a kinship lietween the l{u;;j{les family of Annapolis County, and
the Holdsworths of Dij^'hy County, whose Loyalist ancestor married a
Miss i'lourne. — [ Kd.]
A sketch of the history and si r\\L'>s f)f this distin^'uished man may lie
ap|)ropiiately introduced by ipioting the following; description of tli(»
Kin,'lish hoiiic of Ids ancestors in Essex, from the* New Kngland
Historical and (!enealo;,'ical lle;,'ister for April, lf<7l :
Ckmokai, 'riMoriiv IIuoulks. "The rural village of Naziiij,',* in Ksscx,
the 'iioine,' as it has been called by an American author, 'of our fathers,'
around which were clustered the alVections and remembrances of tliiur
youth, comprises the north-west corner of Waltham half hundred. There
is a peculiai" feature about this quiet little villaj.;e and its surround in j^s,
which is strikin>,'l\ characteristic of the many ru.stic homesteads and
picture.s<|ue spots for which old Enj^'land is noted. One mif;ht imagine
from the great number of gal)le-fronted cottages, with low thatched roofs
and overhanging ea\i's that abound in Nazing upland especially, and the
di.stance it is from any line of rail, that it had undergone but little
change during the past three hundred years.
"Tlicolil ])inisli <'liur('li i.s situiitcil on the side of a hill (ivcrlooking part of
Hei'tfonlsliire anil Midille.'J'jx, uiid hoimdi'd (in tiiecast liy tile River Leu, and on the
west and south liy Waltham Abbey and Kpping. It consiHls of a chancel, navo and
north aisle, witli a 8(|iiiue einliatlled tower containing five hell.s. The ]iody and ai.slo
are divided liy four pointed arches, rising in inreular elusteied eolunins. Behind tiie
first column, whieii is a))i)arently lioUow, is a small door, leading by a narrow wind-
ing stairs to an aperture, in front of the chancel, sutficiently large to exhibit a jierson
nearly at full length, to the congregation. Tliis was, no doubi., the entrance into
the rood-loft ; lint wlietiier it was intended originally as a jilacc of penance is not
certainly known. It is evident, however, that at no remote period it was used for
— ■ * ■
* From Niere or Xare — Xosc.
Rir(i<iLEH. :»M.)
|llir|l<m(!N of ({('lll'l'lll lliallkH^'JN iri^', IIH mi u wcimlrll tulilrl ln'lli'ilt ll till' M|li'ltlllr JH
iiiMi'iilii'il till' line liiiiiili'i'il mill Hixti-oiitli iValiii, ° I will |ia,\ iii\ vuwh iiiitn t lir l.iinl
ill till- KJglit of all till' |M'ii|i|i'.'
" TliiM I'liiirrli waH a|i|ii'ii|ii'iat<'il hy KiiiK llainlil In IiIh llini i\r\\ l\ fminilril < liiiii li
in W'altliain, ami wan liixt Nii|i|ilii'il liy tlir Caiioii- ut W'iill liaiii, m l>y |ii-r-4iinM
U|»|M>illll'l| liy llll'IM "
ll WHS from this historic and iiitcn'stiiiju \illii^r<' that ihi' |)tii^i'iiitoi's
ot' the ltii;;;{l)>s family (>ini;(rat*'(l to Aim-iii'a. I''n'i|iii'tit iiit'titioii is inaih>
of th(! iiaiiu! ill old Jud;,'f Samui'l ScwcH's diary, |tlH()l7l'<). In 170S,
under date DcccinlM'r liith, on the occasion of the dcatii of a iiicnilicr of
liis family, he says ; " I j,'o to the (io\ernor's (l)iiilley*) and spejik altoiit
[pall] iM'arers, he leaves it to me : so does my son. As I come home I
HjM'iik for Sirt Huj,'i,'les 'rimothy, son of Martha AVoodl)iid;{e, my
ancient aci|iiaintance and townsman,' etc.
'I'he name Timothy lias continued to (h'si^'iiati' the eldest son of the
eldest son, in that hiancli of the family to the present lime 'i'imothy
l)wij,'ht Uujij,'les, of Briilj,'etow n, barrister at-law, Q.t'., In-ini,' tlu) si.xth
who in successive ^.generations lias home it. His son Timothy marks
the seventh ^{eneration.
The first Timothy and his Histers [laiinah and Patience l{u;,'^'les were
admitted to full communion in 170!*, his sister .Martha in 1710, and
Sarah in 171 1. J
Jo.seph iiuj,'i,'les, whom I take to lie him who afterwards settled in
Aylesford, ownc 1 two no)j;ro scsrvants in I 70^*, whose names were Ih' mael
and Venus. A curious method was adopted hy memliers of the IJuj^^jlc;
famil}', l()7r) IGOO, to distinj^uish the three existing' Johis, the tcnns
major, minor and middle lieinj,' used for that jiurpose.
. To the Rugi^leses and Paystms — who also came to America in the
same shi[),j! during the iirst j^eiK^ation, was applitd the name of the
•' Nazing Christians." Thoma', Ru,^;,des was the first of these to die,
haviiiji,' dejiarted this life November 18th, 1(544.
The fact that the " Roxhury Land Records " are filled with the names
of this family, proves beyond dispute their early and continuous residence
in that district.
The Rev. Timothy Ru;,'gles, minister of Rochester, Mass., having first
graduated in Har\ard, being the second of the name to have achieved
that lumour, married and was ordained about the same time, and his
first child — the man of whom we are writing — was born in that town on
October 11th, 1711. The long ministry of this gentlenvin among the
good people of Rochester bears ample testimony of his diligence and
* Governor Dudley was, I think, Sewell's son-in-law.
+ " Sir" seeniH to have been a title given to Harvard Htiidentx in their second year.
Ij: These facts have been gleaned from ))arish reiiords.
i; Lists of Kniigrants hy Camden Totten. Leg. Lili.
•■>H(i in;(ir.i,Ks.
fiiitlifulness as a pastor, and an'ortls uiuloiibtt^d proof of the ro<,'ar(l and
estwMn in whi(!li \n' was held by tlioso whom lio srrvwJ. Though his life
8e(Mns to liavc been a busy ono, lie is said to liave found tinin to superin-
tend the earher education of his young son, the future lawyer, statesman
anfl general, who was thus fitted at an early age to pass tlu! matricuila-
ticn examinations nec(>ssary to his entraiK^t; upon his college coui'se. He
giaduated in 17.'$2, being then just twenty-one years of agc^, and (»n
leaving college ]n'. at once proceeded to the study of the law. He had
not been at the liar long ])efor(! lu! was ehjcted to a seat in the Massa-
chusetts Asstnubly, in which he was instrumental in the passage of an
Act, still in force, to prohibit sherill's tilling writs. In his profession.'.l,
aa well as in his legislative capacity, he soon gave evidence of a. degree
of ability far above? mediocrity, and it was not a very long time before
he found himself occupying a high place at the IJar of his native; j)ro-
vince, and taking high rank among the most tluent, finished and forcible
speakers in the halls of its legislature.
8j)eaking of the (estimation in which he was held in his profession, a
writ<!r of some note; tells us: " His re^jiutation was so grtmt that hi; was
early and freejuently employed in the adjoining counties of Barnstable
and Bristijl, and was tlie principal antagonist of Colonel Otis in causes of
importance."* About this time (1740-1745) he removed from Rochester
to Sandwich, where he jirewecutcd his profc^ssion with constantly
increasing reputation until 1757, whim ]w was made a Justice in the
Court of Common Pleas. Five years later he was gazetted Chief Justice
in that court, a place which he held acceptably until the beginning of
that gi-eat revolution which ultimately <lrove him into exile and com-
{)arative poverty. The Severn Years' War, 175()-17G.'5, which was termin-
ated by the treaty of Hubertsburg and e)f Paris in the latteir year, rageei
violently on this cemtinent ; the old colonies, particularly Massachusetts,
lending eve-iy possible aid to tlm Mother Country in her attempts to curb
or elestrejy the power of I'^-ance in America. In 1750, and almost
immediately before Mi- Ruggles' appointment to the Bench, he accepted
a colonel's commission in the forces raised by his native province, for
service on tlie- frontieMs of Canada. In the? campaign which followeel, Im
serveid unele^r the eonnnand e»f Sir William Johnson, and did good
service in the e^xpedition against Crown Point, and in Se^ptember of the
same year, he was second in e;onunanel under that leaden- at the battle of
Lake; Gejorge, in wliie-h the French uncier Baron J)i(!skau, met a signal
defe'at, after very severe anel obstinate fighting, in which he distinguisheel
himself for ccjolness, courage aneJ ability ; and so highly were his services
esteemeel on that occasion, that he; was promoted to the positie)n e)f
General of Brigaele^ and placed under the command of the Conunnnde'r-
*(). A. WiU'ii in ('nririii'.s Jouriid/, f^cimlon, 1842.
UUGOLES. 58f
in-chief. In 1758 he coininaiuUHl the third (livi.sion of the provincial
troops under Abercrornbie, in the unsuccessful attack upon Ticonderoga,
which was d«!f(!ndcd by Montcalm, who resisted all the (ifl'orts of the
Hnglish, dcifeating them witli a loss of 550 kille<i, and nearly 1,100
wouniled. Jii'igadiur Itugghvs also served with distinction and credit in
the campaigns of 1759-17(50, under Amherst. In the winter of 17(')2,
wliile the belligerent forces on both sides were in winter (piaiters, he
had the lionour to be chosen Sp(!ak(M' of the House of K(!pr(!sentati\es.
The conduct of Mr. Uuggles as a military conmiandei' has been highly
praised by most competent judges. The writer, whom 1 have before
(pioted, and who was in a position to be well infoi'nied, says on this
luiad : " Few men in tiie Province were inoi(! distinguished, and few-
more severely dealt with in the bitter controvei'sies prt^ceding the
revolution ; as a military otlicer- he was distinguisluul for cool bravery
and excellent judguumt and scienc(! in the art of war, and no provincial
olficer was held in higlu'r estt-em for those- (|ualities. His appearance
was commanding and dignified, being mui'h above the connnon size ; liis
wit was ready and brilliant ; his mind clear, comprehensive! and {)ene-
ti'ating; his judgment was pi-ofoinid and his knowledge extensive;; his
abilities as a public speaker placed him among the first of the day ; and
Iiad he been so fortunate! as te) have embrace'el the! pe)j)ular se-ntiments
of the time-s, there is no eloubt he woulel have ranked aiiiemg the
heading characters of the! re'volutie)n."* 'I'his is very high praise! ; l)ut
there is certainly no douV)t of its being we 11 ele!se!rved, and has additiexial
weight, coming as it de)es from one whe) had be!(!n " so fortunate as to
have adopted the popular sentiment e»f tlu! times,"
Tlie war having terminated in 17G0, his military services were no
longer reeiuirejd, and h(! at e)nc(! exchangee! his military unife)rm for his
barrister's gown and resume!el the practice! of liis pi'ofessie)n. About this
time, 175.'?, ho re!me»ve!el fi-om Sanelwich to Hardwick, where he! built a
dwelling, se) substantial that it is saiel te> subsist te) the present elay.
During the following eight or ten years, T have' e)idy e)ccasional glimpses
of him. I have! already saiel that he! was Speaker eif the ffe)use e)f
Representatives in 1762, anel following ye'ars, and that he was at the
same time! Chief Justice in tiie Connne)n Pleas. f As the dispute's and
distractiejiis wliich were ultimately te) culminate! in war, grew to volume
and virule'nce, and the pee)ple biigan to take! sides, the!re was in) eloubt
as to the party to which Mr. Hugghis intende!(l to attach himse'lf. I>y
* It has been Biiiei l)y men coiiipejtunt to jiulgc timt lie woulel Imvej liw!n
(ip|)e)iiite!el ('oiuiiiarKlcr-ine^hief, and litjcii tlin first I're'sieU^nl e)f tile! Uiiite'il States
in lii'U of Wasliiiigton. — [ l''i).]
t Alxmt this tirnej lie was (i|)](oiritcil " Surve'yoi'-(<e!nt'iiil of tlii' Kin>,''.s I'^oii'sts,"
"an e)llii;e! e)f protit iittoneloil with little laljour." This was a rfwaril for his
military servieies.
588 III :(i>'iM;,s.
pen iiiirl loni^iif, ill llu' liiills of l.lin liC^isliituns an<l on t.li»( pldlforin Im
(liM'lai'oil ii^fjiiiiHl ri'hcllinii and IiI()0(IhIh(|. Suys a wrilur of t.li(^ pi-riod :
"111 (;oii.sri|ii<'n(M' of l,lin j^rii'v<»ii,s I'x.'irlioiis of (lie i'>ril,i.Oi (Jovci'iiiik'hI.,
(iol<!;{aU!.s w(^r(' clioscn liy tlic liC/^islatnii' to iiicfl, t,ln^ (li-lcj^al-cH from t.li<!
oIImt rolonicH, at Ni'.w York, l,(» sci'k oiil woini' pnlilic relief from iminr-
(lial.r and t.lircatencd evils by a repr<^s(riil,atioii of llieir Hul1<'rin>,'H to l.lie
kin;^ and I'arliament,.'' Mr. Ilii;f;,de.s was cliom^n as one of the delej^ii.te.s,
on (lie pari of MasHaeliiiHettH, and was a,lso elected " I'resident of that
(U'li'hrated (yon;^rf^Hs of dist inj^iiiNJied mitii from r.ii;i, of the eoloiiies."
Jl(^ openly diHsented from the renolveH passed l>y tl"- ( 'onf^ress, over
whose pro(;ee(hii;4H he |ireHid('d, and thus not only ineurred their dis-
pleasure, hut the anj^er of the AssiMiilily whieli had <riiosen hi'ii to r(^pro-
Heiit tliem as a dclc;4a,te, for we are told that lie " was iti'iisiiriiil liy the
House of |{cj)reseiitatis(^s, and repriimindrd hy tlie Speakiw in his plaee."
When the appejil to arms had Iteen (iiially decich-d on hy the Ameriean
peo|)le, till' pr)|)ular exeitenient was at a f(%arful hei;{ht, ;iiid all thosti who
had eounselled iiKKleration, eitiier in demand or action, weri! diMtjuiiid to
lie eiiemif^s to their country and traitors to tin? (•aiisc; of liljerty, and as
HiK^h worthy of death. No man in Massachusetts was re;;arded as so
inimical to tln^ cause of rehejiion as (ieiu^'al llui^/^les, whosir known and
reco^ni/iMJ aliility, ^nwit eiier>.(y, and untlincliin^ i;oura;{(; made him an
ohjeitt of fear as wiOl as dislike ; and, to crown his unpi)pularit,y, he was
maih^ a Mii.ii.ilnnin.H Councillor, a position which he acce|)l,('d at the hands
of the drown, anil for whi<'h lie ijuaiified him.self in due form, notwith-
HUiHiVm^ all tlie inlluen<!(!s hrouj^lit to hear upon him to prevent, him iloin;^
HO. This last fact/ wu. ieiuiied a deliance^ on his part, of the powers of
the rirhels, and thi^y prociseded to deiioiince him as a iiiali;{iiant, and
openly Ihre/itcned his life. in coriseipieiice of this violence he was forced,
with his family, and such of his nei;fhl)ours as riMiiaiiied loyal t< f he Mither
(Jouiitry, to seek safety and refuse with the Ih'itish forci^s in liustftn. On
the evacuation of that eity, Mr. I{u;,'j^les went with it, and was I hijlieve
in lion^ island diirini^ its opiirations a;^ainst the rehel forces in tJiat direc-
tion, hut I liave failed t/odiHciiver many particulars <;onc(W'niii;^' his life and
doin;;M at this timi!. In I7HI( I find him an exile f nun his native province
in his old a]L{e, hut, still as vij^orous as he was loyal. lie was living in the
(Miiinly in that yi^ar, and at l)i;{liy or Annapolis, lie hiuj made an
application for a frrant of lands in tliat portion of tin; I'rovince, in tin;
early part of the year, as will more fully appear from this letter which tlio
Surveyor (JeiKM'al addressed l-o him uiidei' date July 2nd in tliat year-.
Mr. Morri.s' let,ter was as follows :
" Sill, - 1 mil ijiicclcd liy (Jovt'iiior I'liir to asHiiii! ymi lie will pay eviiiy attcii-
tiiiii Ui ydiii- ,ip|)li(!iitii>ii for liii Ihoiisfiiiil iu'VI'h of liiiiil, lieiii;; hilly (•oiiviiK^eiJ nf ycmr
tiierit, 1111(1 HciiHihIe c>f the many iiiisfortiiiuiH ynii iiavi siitt'ciiMl in the iiitn iinhiippy
HIHJdlJCH. ;'.S!>
('i)lltimt. Iln \» ii|>|)l'<'li(!nMlvi' I lull I III! IiiiiiIh ynil liii'lllinii will, ill hhiiii' i|i';4ii'r, JiiliT-
I'liri! with llir. |>l'i!HI!llt. MutI li!lliril> fiil'lllill^ lliri'i', lillil Iiiih ijiiri'li'il iiH' I <i |i<illil nut.
iitlliM' lanil for ymi. I tlirirt'nii: In';- Imivn (i> iriiKlllliKiliil liiiul t.u llii^ raMlwiiliI of
()i'iiiivill(!, anil III III!' iiiii'l liwiiril of I In; fiiiiiiH hcIIIi'iI in Wiliiint ; llial. Ih to Hay, \»'-
\Vli:fii llioHi' fiuiiiH mill I 111' liay of Kiimly. 'I'IiIm laiiil Ih naiil liy IIiomi' who know il.
Iiiwl., to III' aiiioii;; I III' fiiM^Hl ill t III' I'l'oviiu'i^, iiiiil llio iniii'aMin;; hi'I I li'iiii'iit in Wiliniil
(iuIiIh III) I III' Miliii' of il. cvi'iy ilay.
" I liopi', afli'i' iiii|iiii'iii^ ,'ilii I III' niallrr, yon V'<ll Miri'|il of a loiiilion in Hoinr
pail of I liJM I rail , or in hi mm of I lir hinils on I lii' liai^k of Annii|ioliH, wlinli IimM' liiti'ii
rcpniHi'iilril 111 III' rxli'i'iiii'ly Koml, iiihI wliii'li liavd liri'ii ii|i|iliril lor li\ ininy pi'i'-
iHoiiH, liiit not yi'l ii.HHi){iiiiil III any oni\ Mr. VVIIIiaiiiH Iiiim a ^raiil of I .'lOU iii'|-i!h
Hoiiii^wlittri* I liiM'iialionlH ; lii^ will ^ivi' yon nvciy ni'iTSHary iiiforiiialioii in llirKi;
inaM.crs. I liavr In inlrriil llic favour of a lini! from yin in iiiihwi'i- a.s hooii im
you i^aii III' infill iiii'il in whiuli Iruul In i'Iioohh. I liavr tlii' lionour In la , ' r.U: , i^li:.
Oh IJk? IDlli of I 111! H/iriif! inoiilli, (Jm Snrvi'yordnimi'jil liavin;^ rt'CM-ivod
a reply tVoiii (iciii'i'al I!ii}^;.;1ch, Ui the fitvi'^ii'iu'^ li'.Uvr, wyiiir Ut liiiii a;.;aiii
ill till! t.ciiiis t'lillowiiif^ :
"Sill, I liavi' lii'i'ii lioiioMii'd wit II I III' faviiiir of your li'l I ir, ili'livircij iiir liy
(lolonr.l Small, ami liavi; Hiiii'i'. Iiiiil fri'i|Ui'iil op|ioit iinil irs of talking willi I liii <iiiV(ir-
tior U|iiiii yiiiir |tarlii'ular Hihi.il ion, anil lint i^nal ili'Miri^ you liavr to proi'iiri' moiiii''
lliiii>< poriiiaiiitilt for your family. lln lum ^ivrn nir in wrilin;; llir loilowiii^,'
ilirri'lion.i In iihhui'I' (irniriil I!ii).^')^Ii'h, ami all ollii'r LoyiilinlH .ipplyin^ for laml,
that hr wIhIi^m to aiMomiiioilati' all of lliiim iis ii iicli iih '\h in his powir, lint from llir
viihI miinlii'iN who lia\i' alrcaily ronii', ami air i unl iniioiiKly ('omint^ loHrlthr in Ihr
I'roviiirr, III! linilN it imliMpi'iimilily lu'rCHMiiry to piml poiii' any furl lirr arraiiKi'mi'iil
until liii nici'ivrH His Maji'Hty'M iiiHtrinlioim upon llir .snlijirl. Aj^rrrin^r with you,
that ' thr primary (ilijiirt of (iovrrnmrnt Ih, ami ou).;lil to lir. Ihr Nrttliiif^ of thr
rolony, anil lii^xt to that, to rxtciiil ilonatioiiH to Hiirli iih liavr siilli'inl inoHt,' hr. haH
ilirt:<:tril mr In hhhiii'i! yon tint tin nooii aH HIh MajrHl.y'H plriiHiirr in imnlo known in
irHpri't III Ilir... uiallrrH, I hat you air tliii forrmo.sl to itjirivr wiial. favour ami
inilul^jrnrr il. niay lir in liiH powrr lo (^'ivr.
" .MiiHHi'H. Hoi 'foul, HaiiHitr ami (Inmminn.s wrrr rrronimrnilril in Sir .Amirrw
llainmoiiil liy <lrm'ral (larlrlon, in Ihr Mtron^;rHt Irriim poH.sililr, i\» a^jrnlH for a
nuiiilirr of LoyaliHiH who riimr with thrm, ami olhri'H that wrrr to ronir, ami in
tr<!titril .Sir Amlrr.w to o-xurt hiiiiHcIf in thnir lirlialf. In ronKri|nrnrr of this rrnim
tn'tliihition, ami a rrpi^titioii of it to (•ovrrnor I'arr, Ihr (tovurnmrnl. upon Ihrir
I'lKtonimriiilal ion ^avi! iiir orilri'H a ropy of whirli I rnrlimi! yon liy whirli you will
Hiir I hat all tin laii<l from AnnapoliM In Si. Miiry'H Kay am! roiiml Ihr l!ay to Ihr
(.'apr am) tf) Varmoutli, lirforr unappro|iriiilril, wrrr ilrNin il lo lir lai<l oul in lifly
arrr farm lots, anil propri lown plotH, for I hr rrrrplion of Ihr l.oyaliHlH. Umlrr
IIiIh oriirr my ilrpntirM' air at pri'Mriil ai'lin;^. l''or I lirni) r(!ii.soiiM I wiih iiiilmnl lo
liikr Ihr I i lir it y, with I hr (•ovrrnor h approliation, to rrromnirnd ol iiri- IiiihIh lo yon ;
anil I lirg h'livo again to hhhiipu you, HJr, liiat uitlirr of Ihr IrarlM I rrriiinniriiilril arr
far Muprriiir lanilH to iiiiy in tlio iiliovr ilislrirtH, ami all iiriNoiiM of any kmiwlri|j>r of
till! roiintry, ami of I lirsr trartH in parlirular, will join inr in iIiIh r{iiiiioii. 'I'lirrr
hiivu iMirn many appliitalloiiM for llnit Imrk of .AnmipoiiM, in parti iiliir, liy our ohl
* MIh ilrpiilirH in llilHi'iiunty at thi.stiinr wrrr 'riiom is .Milliil^r, I'liinras .Mill
iilgr, •lohn Harris, .Jimrpli KuggliiH, ,lohii MoriiNon ami onu or two otlirrs, wIiohi>
liailirH ha\r rHi-aprii mr.
600 HI «;<;i.i;s.
iriliiiliitiirilH, wild luivr fii-ijui'iil ii|i|m)|I iifiil H'h nf Mi'iiriliiiiK mil I lie Iii'hI,. I Impn,
llicri'lorr, vi>ii will, iifliT limiiiK ii hIiiiii' fur y"iiin"l' "'"I liiiiill.V, iuit|iI nl I liii
rxillliiliili!!' Ill mil' III tlinHi' |iliii'i"i |ii<i|MiMi'i|. m ill iiiiv iillii'i |iiLil III llii^ riiiviiii r wlii'ir
il I nil III lir liirili-il In yiiiir ailviiiilii><i\ wit In ml iiiliM li rili^ Wl( li llii' ml I li'liiriilM now
UmiiK mi.
" I liiivii rcciivi'il II III In- liiiiii Ml. Wm win ' .mil nlliiT liiciiiJM in Nrw N'oili,
rc'^mniiii'iiilin^ vmi in a |i<ii I iiiiliii iiiiiiim r, iiml mii wmlliy fiii'iiil, (^iilmirl Siiiiill, Ihih
Hiiiil Hii iiiiirli mi .V">ii' Ix'liiill lliiil I liolil iii,VHi'll liminil liy uvv.vy li« nf friiinilHlii|i iiml
iif liiinmii, ((I iiMhiMl ymi in my |iiiiri»Kimiii.l liiii' lollii' ii'iiint;! of my |)iiwit ; iiinl you
may ii'mI lu^miii'il, miml woilliy hii, lliiil you iinil ■,01. Iiimily mIiiiII iliiiiii my |mi-
liriiiiii' III li'iil loii III llii'ii' inliTi-!ilH, mill lliiil il uim »illi llii" Minliniriit I IIinI, tlii^
liiyHi'lf I III- lioiimii lo Willi' Sou oil lliiM Miilili'i'l. I hiiM' I 111' limioiii lo ln', mII, with
llii' lil).!lii'Hl ir^^Jinl Mini I'hIi'I'III," fli'., I'li'. I
(ii-ni'iul l{u;^>^li'M rmiilly doli'iiiiiiHMl In iiccrpl his oi'mif in \\\<- luwiiHliip
of VV'iliiiiif, iiiiii It is |iriiliiil)li', IIiuukIi mil criliiiii, llml. In- ciiiniiii'iii'i'il
(•li'iuiiij,' liin IiukIh ill I7HI. Till' hjioI In- Ni-lorlrd for lii« ih-w ilwollin;^
lioiiMf was oil till' t'ai-o III' ami in'iir to llir (ii|) of Ilii' Noil.li Moiinlaiii,
wliirli ilmiii;^ Ills lifoliiiif and fur n. frw yoai's afli'i'VVMrds Wori' iJif naini!
of I lie" lliif,'^'''''* Moiinl.iiin " ; lnil aflrr llir coninirncriiii'iil of I Ik- ccnl my,
and lolliisday il 'ms lirm LoIIit known as llic " I'liiniioy .Moiinl.ain,"
fiolii I 111- lali- IjiiI I'liiilii-v, wiio liccaiiH- tin- |iilii'liaHi'i' of I lie |ii'o|ii-rl y <in
till' o(M!asion of ils sail- on llio di-alli of .Mr. Kii;^;,'lfs.
I Hif^ifl. llial. llif .Morris Uii^'oIi-h coiri'siiondfni'i' is so infii;^rc and dial
llic lolli-rs of I. Ill' lall.cr a.ri' cnl.irrly wanliiiij;. I am induced to add ono
iiioic .sliorl nolo of Ml'. .Morris lo I, In- (ii-ncral, lici'aiisi- il (•ontains refer
eiiees of ini.eresl. I'lider dale iif .Se|ilemlier lllli, I7'*^.">, lie sayK : "I
liav.e liiid llie lionoiir lo reeei\e ymir favour of llie 2nd insl., eneioMirij.; a
■skeLcii of tlie lands you wisli lo olilain. The l,,'!()l) aeres is |ire e!if,'af,'ed
all Ihe oilier l.raet.s may lie ;,'ra,nled you, and in lieu of f.liis en^'aoed
I shall, ill llie deseripl ion of Ihe ;^ra.nl., e.xtend Ijie weslern line of llie
oliloiif^ s(|iiare (,o ihe line nf A rliiil hnol s, and Ihe weslern lioiindary lo
the ISiiy of h'liiidy, whieh will then eoiil.ain 1 0,01)0 aeres, with ample
fillowanite.s. . The kinj^'s line of ten sliillin;.^M for every hundred
aeres, I suppose, will lie remilleij, I will make a reliirn of your ;^ranl.
(iH soon as I hear I, hat, you approve of what I now propose."
In the following year tie "lunf wa.s issued, and iJie undismayed ^^ratilen
eommeni'ed a, lalioiir at. t.iie a'^c of more than seventy years whieh few, if
any, of the yoiinj,' men of today would voluntarily undertake. 'I'lie work
of ehoppiii^ down the forests and e|earin>( the lands foi erops, and of
prepanil.ion for Iniildiii;; went on simultaneously and rapidly iiiiiIim' his
direirtinii. Two vouii^; men, ] S( ronaeh and h'fdiw, were en^ii;.;ed (0 woi'k
with 111 for a limited (iiimber of years and to reeeive tiieir pay lit
■ ■ ii :vgj- ' ^ * - ' .ij..i!i - ■ . ■ !_ ■ ■ ■
• Aftin'wiinl Si?' Brookfi VViitHon, l.onl Mnyorof Loiidon.
I Li-lli-i I'look of I III- llmi. (.'liiiM. .Mollis for ITH.'I, in N. S. Aieliives.
; See SIronieli iin<l l''iili'.-< I i('ni'alo><i(!H.
itnioMCs. /iOl
liiiiil. 'rii*\y did t.lit'ir' work, and Imi paid tliciii uh ii^ict-d ii|ii)ri, nnd llM-ir
dfHrfndiiiil.s nn' now t,hn owikm'h mid oiM-iipiiTH of tiiiiiiy a fair Iioiik;
in iJiM iMtaiil.ifiii LowiiHliiji of Wiliiiol,. It. wan Mm; liaiidH of llumt^
iiiiiri l.lial. Dxcaval.t'd '.L- iiolilc (Millar ovur wlii(;li lJi<^ old liOyaliHl. <M'<^<:l.i'd
liis tiitw iiiaiiHion,^ l.lii^ir liaiidH il. waH wlii<:li |irfparcd llic land on wliioli
an oi'(!liai'd of a|>pl<- t.riM'H was Hoon planlcd, and il. was l.lioir liaridM also
wliicli |ilaiil/(Ml i(,. 'riicir ordrrn w<'r<i to di^ t.liis pi(M-iT of ^'roiind say,
alioiit. an acrii tliriMi U'vl di'i'|i, and to Uirow out. «tv<!ry root, ani '<loni!
from it.. TIh! t.rdi-H wcri! l>roii|^lil. from MaH.sarliiiMt^t.l.H, <ind wlirn (.mnlt'd
formt'd (,Imi tirMl orchard in t.lial. Hiw;t.ion of l.hr rounl.ry. Hom<! of t.lii;
t/ntoH, I Ixiliiivo, art! Mt.ill in Ix-arin/^. Nearly hoiiIIi from tJiit posit. ion of
t.lii! lioiiHo i.s a dc<!p ^uli^li in tlic mountain sidr, formed, proliaMy, liy lli<-
^'radual waHliin;^ away of a wcdj^i; of ma^nt^sian linifMt.oni- wliii'li onrc
llll<;d it.. In t.liiH vault., im it. wan ^{(incrally (!<illfr|, and wliirli wa.s hIii-I
l.itrrd on all Hid<fH <ix<!<^pl t.lm Houtli, \Ir. liu^^icH int.rcHiui-rd nuiny oxot.ic
plant.M, amon^ ot.lu'rH, p<^a<;li<>s, ^rajtcs and (piinccs, and morit t.han on<-
hiack walnut. Lro-.
'I'Im! (iitniM'ai'H four dau^^lil.orH were mar-rird lirforc tlic Itrvolution
hrokti out., and all Llmir liUHliandH prohalily adli<-rcd to tJiii (Milonial Hidn,
for t.licy ncv(U' camn I.0 Nova Hcot.ia. 'I'lirci! of liiH Honn fojlowi-d liiui into
oxil<f aiirl Hc^l.l.lcd in t.luM county. TIk^h)! weed Timotliy, .lolm and
Kicluird, wlio also inarriiMJ liitfont tlmir luivcnt. to t/lic county.
(inuirid ltu^;{lcs was aflli<;t,cd wil.li hernia, and tradition allirniH that,
altoul. the lic^innin^ of Au^'UHt., ITDT), he accompanied some visit iii)^
friends t.o his " vault." i^arden liefor<^ alluded t.o, and that, in cL-imlierin;^'
up it.s st.ee|) sidt^s he so a^'^raval.t^d I. he disease that. il. I.erminaled his life
four days afterwanls, at the advani^cd age of eighty years. I conchule
this memoir of tint famous old Loyalist l>y copying the (.including part of
the oliitiiary not ice of him which appeared in the Uni/u/, Wavllf in Aiigu.sl,
I7i>r', and wliich was presumahly writti^n hy the late Kev. John Wiswall,
who olliciated at liis olweipiies :
" 'I'lic iilca I lull, his iiilviiiii'cti age wniilil iiol. pei'iiijl. Iiiiii In i'itii|i flic riiiil of IiIh
IiiImiiii'i- never ilitiii|M'ni'il the spiiil. iit iiiipnivciiieiit liy wlilili tic wmm, in it iiiimt.
eiiiiiHint ilitgroii, iiiiiniiit(!il ; ami tliu diHliJct, nf iiiiintry in wliicli lie liveil will lunp;
feel tlli^ lieili'lil.M ieMllitili(< fliilll the liheiiil cxrilinim he llin^lr In inlMilirf the ii;^l inil
tlinil inlei'cMlH (if I he I'liiviiiie."
It may not lie without iisi; to ri-mark that for much th(t gntater part of
his life he ate no animal food and drank no spirituous or ferniented
liquors, small liee.r excepted, and that he enjoyed health to his advanced
age.
Ill) was liuried to tho oaHtward of tho (!liaii(!iil of the (then new) (church,
lately known as the '• t'ine (Jrove Church," in (central VVilmot near the
present villagit of MiiMleton — u (ihuroli toward llio uroution of which ht;
* 'riiis celliii' wiiH Hiiiii III he nini' feel. In height, iinil the HlejiM leiiiliii^^ In il were
(it ilreHHCil Qlliliey griinile, liinliglit IViilll jtitHlnli,
802 HUGOLES.
was ii considerable contributor ; and tin appropriate nionunicnt to liis
memory has been erected there by bis greatgranddaugliter, Mrs.
Eliza Jiayard West, of Caledonia, Minnesota.
(NoTK. - I am imlehted to an estceimsd corrosjHMKlcnt, H. Stoddard Rug^'lcs,
Ks(|., of Wiikt'tield, Mass., for the inforiiiation tliat \\\v Josepli Riig^dt^s iiR'iitioiicd
on p. 585 as ownci' of tlic two slaves, was not tlie ( ifni'iiil's ncplu-w, Imt (,'apt.
ilostrph, of K(»xl>ui\, grandson of Samuel, jun., thioiigli the latter's son Josei)li, and
father of Hon. Nathaniel Kugglcs, of Hoxliiny, memlier of Congress fi'om IHI.'{ to his
(h'lMi in ISM) ; tliat nil of tlie (Jeneiars hiothers Imt one were aident workers in tho
eaiise of Independenei^ ; and that lu! had li\e nephews, including his favorites,
Timothy, son of Hon. Edward Ruggles, of Hardwii'k, in Iheurniv on tlu? colonial side.
Sjieaking of the refusal of tiie (Jenei'al's wife to sharcMiis exile, an<l other painful
eircumstanees, my Ameriean coi'respondent, in a most genc^rous spirit, adds : " The
sacritii'es that this man made upon tiie altar of duty weie far greater than his
ile.s(!endants in Nova Scotia know or understand." — Kl).)
The General had children :
i. Martha, h. Aug. 10, 173C, m. John Tufts.
(2) ii. Timothy, h. Jan. 7, 1738-9.
iii. Mary, b. Feb. 10, 1740-41, m. Dr. John Green, of Worcester, Mass.,
a surgeon in the Continental army.
iv. John, b. Sept. 30, 1742, d. a. 79, m. Hannah, only dau. of Dr. Thomas
Sackett, of Long Island, N.Y.: Ch. : 1, Bathsheba, b. 1779, d.
about 18()5 ; 2, Timothy Audierst, 1). 1781, d. 1838 (was a capttiin
in the N. S. Regiment of "Fencibles") ; these two were born at
Newton, L.I. ; 3, Eliza Bayard, b. 1797, m. Austin Woodl)ury,
one of whose descendants still owns and occupies the old home-
stead of John Ruggles ; 4, (''ranees Mary, b. 1802, m. •louathan,
son of Fairfield Woodbury.
(3) V. Richard, b. March 4, 1743-4.
vi. Bathsheba, b. Feb. 13, 174r»-0, m. Joshua Spooner.
vii. Elizabeth, b. May 15, 1748, m. Gardner Chandler.
2. Timothy Ruggles, Jun., was born January 7tli, 1738. Althouj.{h
a Loyalist, as was proved by his proceediiif.;s after the war, he was- not
so pronounced and active in the assertion of his views as to foifeit his
Massachusetts property, and finally settled at Jielleisle, where he died in
1838. He married Sarah, daughter of Col. Simeon Dwigbt, who was
born May 1st, 1748, and died in 1842. Children :
i. Sarah, b. Feb. 2, 17«8, m. Judah Hinckley,
ii. Anna, b. June 8, 1769.
iii. So])hia, b. Jan. 19, 1771, d. young.
iv. Betsey, b. Nov. 16, 1772, d. young.
V. Timothy, b. Dec. 1, 1773, d. young.
vi. Timothy, b. March 7, 177(5. (See memoir of Timothy Ruooi.es,
M.P.P.) He m. Jane, dau. of Edwartl Thome, and d. 1831 : Ch. :
1, Jane R., b. 181 J, m. Abel Sands (of N.B.) ; 2, Harriet, b. 1813,
m. (1st) Thomas Bartlett, (2nd) William J. Starr (St. John, N.B. ) ;
3, Armaidlla, b. 181(5 ; 4, Timothy Cwi^ht, b. 1818. Timothy
DwioHT Ruggles, M.P.P. and Q.C., m. Havilah Jane, dau. of
S. S. Thome, Esq., M.P.P.; she d. 1892. He resides at Bridge-
town. 5, Edwarci Thorne, b. 1820, d. unm. ; 6, Stephen Thorne,
b. 1823, m. Mary, dau. of Joseph Chirchill Wade, d. young.
vii. Sophia, b. Oct. 20, 1777, m. (Ist) Jacob, son of Christian Tobias, M.D.,
a Loyalist, (2nd) John Jesse Thonuis Smith ; and was mother of
Timothy Christian Tobias, long Collector of Customs at Annapolis,
who in. Augusta De Wolfe and had no ch., and of Simeon Dwight
Tobias who m. Sophia Henkel, and had 6 sons and 3 daus., one of
whom m. Thos. S. Whitman, a leading merchant of Annapolis.
RUCiOLKS. 593
viii. Simeon I)wii,'lit, b. Jiin. 23. 17H0, in. Miirgaret Robertson, d. 1812 :
Cli.: 1, William l{., i>. 1808, ni. Seriiph Cutler. 1 sun d. young,
.'{ (liius. ; 2, Henry Uwijjht, b. 1810, ii phy.sitl. ,,i(l Hurj.'eon tit
Weymouth, N.S., m. Simih, diui. of Siimuel Ciimpboll. IVI.P.P. ;
I tell.; d. iiged ; '.I, Mary Ainolia (or Mary Adelia), b. 1811, in.
.laiiiuH Runcinian ; 4, Elizabeth Jolmstono, b. 1812, d. unni.
ix. Harriet, b. Feb. 2.'!. 1782. in. Stephen DoWolfe.
X. Clari.ssa, b. April ■'{, 1784, m. Dr. (<eorjj;e W. Shepherd,
xi. Israel WilliaiiiH, b. Aiij,'. 27, 1780: was lon« a .1. P. and comniia-
sioiicr ill the Siipruiiie Court, and d. .Ian. 7, 1880; in. (1st)
Klizabi-th, dan. of Phiiieas Millid^'e ; she d. Oct. 28, 18;!4. a. 42 ;
(2iid) Maria, dan. of John Owen and sister of the late Rev. H. L.
Owen, of Lunenburg : Ch. : 1, Matilda, m. John Watson ; 2,
Stephen Millidgo, bpd. July 24, 1817, in. Thomas Ea.sson ; :',
Edward, bpd. Miiy 2(i. 181!l ; 4, William PIdwin, bpd. Nov. 18,
1820, 111. Charlotte Easson ; 5. Phineas Millidije, b()d. Autr. 7,
1822 ; <i, (ieorge I?., bpd. Dec. 22, 1825 ; 7, Charles Hurnet, bpd.
Sept 2, 18i".»; H, Elizabeth S.arali, b. Oct. V.i, 18.'J1, m. Eleazer
Jones, of Weymouth; (by2nd w.): 2 sons, 1 d. unm.; the other,
Rev. .1. Owen Riiygles, a prominent Church of Fjngland clergy-
man, died in 18!>.">, leaving a family ; 1 dau., Anna, resides in
Annapolis, unui.
3. Ricii.VRD Hurj(!i.ES, the youngest son of the General, was horn at
llochester, Mass,, March 4, 1744, m. 1771, Welthea, dau. of Ebenezer and
Welthea (Gilbert) Ilatheway, of Massachusetts, and d. October 21, 1832;
•she d. December 4, 1825. Some of this family were born in Massa-
chusetts, some in this county. Children :
i. Bath.sheba, b. Sept. 21 or 22, 1772, m. F. Hutchinson.
ii. Cynthia, b. April 15, 1774, in. (1st) .John Durland, (2nd) James
Harris,
iii. Thomas Hutchinson, named in honour of the last Royal Governor of
Massachusetts, b. Nov. 1!), 1775, m. Oct. 14, 1800, Sarah Jlelms,
Hc'f Fowlor, who was b. March 11, 1788: Ch.: 1, Ann Elua, b.
Oct. 2, 1801, d. unm.; 2, Welthea Anne, b. Sept. .'}, ISO-,', m.
.lohii Donaldson, and was a grandmother of Rev. L. J. Doi.ald-
son ; .3, Thomas Gilbert, b. March li>, 1807, m. Louisa Travif; ntill
living in P.E.I. ; 4, Harriet Sophia, b. March 31, 1809, m. (lat)
Austin Woodbury, (2nd) Samuel Balcom, (3rd) Gilbert Fowler
Ditmars ; 5, Benjamin Henry, b. Jan. 9, 1811, m. Maria Sophia
Rice, still living at Westport, large family ; 6, Eliza .lane, b. Aug.
9, 1813, d. young ; 7, Charles Travis, b. April 13, 1817, m. Eliza
Travis; 8, Frederic Williams, b. Feb. «, 1820, m. Sarah A.
Crocker, d. about 1885, large family,
iv. Richard, b. Sept. 25, 1780, m. Oct. 18, 1820, Eleanor Ann, dau. of
Elijah Purdy, of Bear River, and lived in Clements, farmer and
school-teacher ; he d. 18(52. She m. (2nd) Henry F. Vroom, and
d. Feb., 18.34: Ch. : 1, Josiah .Tones, b. Nov. 4, 1821, d. Jan.,
1895, in. (1st) Mary, dau. of Thomas Gilliatt, (2nd) Adelia Whit-
man ; 2. Clarissa, b. Sept. 24, 1823, m. James Edw. Harris ; 3,
Arthur, b, 1825, m. Elizabeth G., dau. of .Joseph Rice, and is
father of H. Dwioht Ruoules, barriater-at-law, and 5 others ;
4, William Spurr, b. 1828, m. Rebecca Berry, d. 1891 ; 5, Eliza-
beth Adelaide, b. Sept. 22, 18.30, m. (Ist) Israel Lent, (2nd)
Charles C. .Jefferson ; 6, (ieorge Albert, b. .Jan. 26, 1833, m.
Lydia So;diia Chute ; 7, Armanilla, b. June 2, 18.35, m. John
Rice, jun. ; 8, Charles, b. .July 28, 1837, ni. Bessy, dau. of Thomas
Lee, Lynn, Mass. ; 9, Rev. Gilbert, b. Aug. 19, 1839, m. Eunice,
38
Mi III (;(;i,i:s kimskv.
(lull. Ill l''riuilJiii Kiel'; H), 1,'i'riliii iii'l'irliii, rii. VVilljuiii < > wyiii' ;
II. 'I'liiKitliy. Ii. ,\|>iil '.M, IKII, III. : lU', Ifirliiinl, l.wiii of 'I'liiinl.liy,
III. Alilijii ( lliiyw/ird ) Wliid', mul iihiidvi'iI In ly'.S.
V. Wollliiii, I will III Itii liiii'il, III rjiiii ji'H Tiii'lii'i
vi. iSii|ijiiii, li .1)111. .'tl, I7'^>>. III. .lolili Ityiiiniiii, 11 rli.
vii. 'I'lyiilirim, li ,Miiy L'l. l7Mii, «l. iMiiy 'jd, IHK.
viii. 'riiiiiiiiiM <iill)iii, I). .Iiitin II, I7MH, Ml. .Nov. I, IHIO, Miiiy Morn
liuiiMi', <l. Miiy L'L', IHII, <> ill. : .'! moiim (< Jillicrl., Williiiiii uml
( 'iiiil liM^ ;Lhi| '.'i >liui).<;lil IT. liiilirrl uml ' 'IllU |i i il. illliii ; \\ llllulii
IivimI ill I lin .Siiiilli, ikinl JH hhhI Io liitvn liitiui iili ollirnr in l.lin
i 'oiiltMli'Dili' .uiiiy .
'I'll!' (iciHTii.l liiid 11. ii('|ilii'w wlio Willi also II Lusiijisl,, mill I'liijiiwcil hiit
iitiitlf Io IIiIh loiinliy. Ilin iiiiinc wrh .I(imi:I'II l!(i;iii,KH; \if wum u hdii
ol' lin- (iflMTlirn yillMl^flT lllol.lll'l .l(i:i<'|lll, mill WUH lldlll A|iril H, I71H.*
Ill- iiuurii-il lii'ii' Luis .S'iciiiiis Hi'l.licil al. Ay li'srurd, ami liinl rliililrrii :
i. U'lllmiii, III. iMiiiy VViml. : ('li.: I .Mury, in. Iti'iijiiiiiin i)<i(lij;n; \i,
l''iiLm:i'n, III. Ili'liry Itiiiin ; 't, l'!ll/ii, in. ii itliU'^yiiiitii iiiiiiiitil Kiiy
Ill, ami wi^iil In Alnrii; 1, I'Iiiih'iih ItiiiikH ; ii, 'I'lyiiiirini.
il. .Iimii|ili, III. IrniMi Wooilworl.il : <:ii.: I, .limi!|ili, li. IHKI; "., Williiiiii,
III r.S.A.; ;i, .NirlioliiH, III I'.S A.; iiiiil [irolialily oI.Iiiiih.
iii. 'riloiiiii't {{jiIiiiiiIm, III. .Miin^iiii!!. NhIioIh: (!Ii,: I only, Loim, hi. Hitl)
IHl'.l, Williiiiii JJoilj^ii, f:.;iiil) iiiiiirii^il MKiiiii ill I'.S. A.
iv. .liiiiirH, III ('(illiiirimr \\iillm:i!; <'li.: I, Sanili Ann, in. (.'oopiT UiihIm ;
li, Loin, III. II"V. VVilliinl < I. I'liikri ; ;i, .lolin W.,iii. Kli/iilinlli
I'li'iili^iMi ; t, Williiiiii ('iiiii|il>i^ll, III. .VIiii'iiL lllHttli'y ; n, liiiviniit, in.
Hut) < it'oiKi: Wliiiniiui, C-'ml) lliiiim I'ii-iiNhh.
V. .lolill, I.. I7'.»7, -I IHL'I.
|{,i'.MHKV. Tlii.H I'liiiiiiy is III" Si'ol.i-li iiii;,'iii. ^Si-r |!iiiI(I''h " (Jciii'ial
Animry.") At. Ili<' piTioil nt' llii^ I'Vciicli ii.\|)ul.Miiiii, I'i.s.ia.min U.i mhi;y
wiiM iK'liiiK II.H (-'Ink of lliir (/'liiMiiic to I In- I'.oaril of < )i(|iiaiiin al.
AniiiipoliM Hoyiil. ill- mail it'll liric, liiil. Ilif iiaiiir of IiIh wifr is not,
known. Oiii'. Hon ( r.i'iijainiii) Hrlliird on laiiils iii'lon;,'inj,' l,o liis fiil.ln'r iw
j(ianl.tr ill (iiaiivillr, wlifii in IHO'.I all l.lii- family ifri'onlH witi; (li-.'.lioyrd
hy t.lii^ liiii'iiiii;; of liin dwi'lliii^ lioiisi-, l.wo of Ihh riiildntn |ii!i'i.sliin;{ in
^]K^ llaiiii'M. Hi'.iijaiiiiii {{.iiiiiHry, jiiii., inaiiii'd, I7'.*H, Amy, dan. of
IJtiiijainiii (Jlii-Hliiy, and iiad <tliildn-ii .
i. Sophiu, 1.. IT'.tH, .1. IHO<),
ii. Itiiniiiiiiin, l>. IHIH) m. Kli/iilii'tli KhhIiiI' : (']i.: I, Eli/.alxil.li, m. Siian
Ifoiriiiiin ; 2, Aiimliii, in. Oliitrlim Aiiiiiition^ ; .'t, (Uihi'Iiik WuIIhco,
III. I<)li/.iil)iilli l''iiHii!i' (iluii. of Williiiiii) ; 'I, .liiiiiiiit, 111. .loHit|iliiiiii
iSiinkH ; f), Miii'l.lia Ann, in. .Ihiiihh WilliH ; <i, ( UtVf.Dm, in. liiirry
liiiwin (I'.H.A.); 7, ' my Aii;{imlii, in. (inorj^n lliiLcliiimon (I !.S. A.);
H, Artlinr, iii. Ki .mi KoitUir ; 1*, Unnj. Iliiilitirt, <l. iiiiiii.; 10,
l'liili|t Kii'liiii'ilHoii, il. IIIIIII.: II, Ailii, m. Oiimn Kiillitrlon ; Iti,
IjoiiiHii, III. .\iii(iiHl.im liiiri'ill ; l'l, Kllu, in. Iliinry ItuiiiiiH.
iii. Amy, tl. IHOI, III. KiiiHiiiiin.
iv. Miiiia, I,. iHitr., .1. ih:m,
V. OliiiiIoM, 1). IWIH,
vi. •loNOpIl, II. IHI I.
* Aniillii^t' Him of tliiHiiini'iarH lirollini' iloHitiili, Nal.liiiiiidI, li, iIuiid M, l7r)U, wun
(1 lidyiiliNl., Mini Hi'lllfil, il Ih mii|)|iiimiiiI, III (JhiiikIii. KhnI. I Ki>. I
riVi;iis«»N SAVi»r;ns. r>!».')
ItVKKHON. (Sec llintoiy ill' ( '|c||irii(,H.) P'riiric^iM, I 111- lin''<">l<ir ul' the
A riMii|iiilJH iinil N'lii'iiMiiil/li I'oiinly I'mnilit-H nf lliin iiiiini', mIih nlwiiyfi wruli'
l.lii- riaiiM' It yiii i^iiii, wjii ii iIi-mi'imkIiiiiI. in tli<' litdi ^'i-iH-nil inn Irniii Mail in
Myat'Hon, who ciiini- iVnin llolliiinl Id hi'iinklyii, N.N'., in IDID, l.liniii^h
Oi'iir^c III' .Jiisi'H,' \,\ifiiH,'' (iciir^c IjiiriiM.' Ill' liiiil rlnjilri'ii :
I. .liiliM, III. (ill N !'..).
(M) II ll'l'lllH'lH.
III. (il'U|)/lV
IV. Mull.lll, III I liilul.liisi Viililtiliildl K ; (Ml. I, SiU'iili, III 'rilniilliH
Ifiiirm ; L', I'ili/.ii, III. '<l'<i.y ''', Slii|iliitii ; t, Mmy, in. (Mm
liiiiii'li ; it. Aliiiint, III. (iiiiiiKviii ; (i, pSimi'iin, in LaiiiimuM ;
7, ( 'llll|•|l||.ll^ III. ( 111)1^(1 |i'li:lillt ; H, iliiini;!.; ',», .liilmm.
V. Ann, III. .liiiiiKii Itunt..
'J. l''liA.N<'IH I'vi.liHiiV iiiiit'i ii'ii ,Sai';ili I iyfi'.Miili, iiiiil liinl I'liiliji'i'li :
i, .iiilin. III. iHil.'t, Sii|iliiii ltii(;L;liiH (liiui. of itii'lianl. Cli I, Siimli,
I). IHIII, III. .loliii Miirr ; L', .li.jin Culvin, !• IKII^; .",, (,'illii'i'l I!.,
Ii lM<t7, III. Wiil.-l. , I, M.iiy, I,. |HU!l. hi. Wni II. (».
Il.ililiiii'l.iiii ; I'l, Wirjllin.i /\iin, l> |H|ll, III. |>'invli!i' hiliiiiUM; (i,
lliiiiii:! Aii)j;iihIii, Ii. JHlli, III. Willmiii I'lnily; 7, iSi)|iliiit, li IM V!;
K, Miii^'iul II., I>. IHII, III Kiitil. .Ii.iii^ii ; It, Cliiiilim, l>. iHjti;
|((, Allinil, 1.. iKI'.t; II, Ailiili/i Aiii.tli/i, I.. IHL'I. in. Vi.i.ijii.m
lliliii.iis; lii, Kilwiii, li. IH-'.i, il. Aii^., IHllI, III. (I Hi.) Mm y K.
I'.'l'illt.t., 'lillll) SlIHHIl l''llMllir.
ii, Siiiiitoii, III. .Ii'iiiiiim Vim ItiiiiKii'k (liitii. nl (imri'l) ; Uiiimi <:Ii.
iii. Miirlili, III. .Iiiliiliiia, will, ul Siiiiimiii
iv. Sltiiilii'ii lilt l/uni:i-y, It. 17'^'', m. \,i>m Killiun, nix riiililri'ii, in
Yiii iiioiilli.
V. (ii-nijj,i\ II. I7'M, III. .M.iiy lliiiriH.
vi. Kli/iiliiilli, III. 'riiuiiniH I'liiH.iiii. ,
\ li. I'lHiH'im III. .liiiiiim lii!('itiii.
viii. tlfiiiiim.
Sa.niiKIih. I'.MMiiiN S\NriKiiK, a y'"in;< niJin, said In liavc lii-fii ut'
(^iirniHJi liirlii, wan hciiI. <<ul, liy (.In- llDaiii of ()r(lnan<-i' an an aitiliciT l.o
t.alot l.lii^ |ila('i' III' 'riioina.s Saiii|i.Moii, wiio liail iliiMJ, icavin^^ a widow, wlio
waH a daiij^liti'i- ol' AnI.oinc (>iiviiT, a l''i'i'ni-liiiian, who waH living hfir al
l,li(f liiiH! of t,hn ri»n(|iii'Ml, liy NirhoJHon, and who in lal.m' yoarH caiiid lo Ik-
known II.M Anl.hony Olivdi'. Satid<'r:( .soon inairicd l.jii! widow. 'I'lir
Htoni-H lliat. mark l.lm ^favrH of Aiil.liony ()liv('rand Ihh wifi' aif anion^,'
tliti oIiIchI. in til"! old ciuimlcry, iim In- dird in I?'!*"!, hcvimi yuai'H aftiT l.lir
Horond inarriaj^'r of Imh daiif^lil.)!!'. Madatni! Sanditi'M wiih l.lin ninl.li of
(>livni''n foiifliM-n rliiidcun. I'ardoii iSandncH wan hum "• l'''i.dinj{ man in
tint commiinit.y. \\i' wiih t.hn ai^liii^ oxfCMilor of .lo.si-|)h ('osiiiiM, wli.i
dii*d in tin! IiihI, ddcadn of thi! oinil.ury, U•lt,vit\^^ an only rliild mairiiMl l.o
•lohti ( 'oopiM', t.liM lii-Hl. iVlitl.hodiiHl. iniHHiotiaiy in tin; town. 'I'hiM woman'H
ill tntal,mi;nl. liy \u:f htiMbatiil lod Ihm- l.o Hoparati; fioiii liim and livi? in
hitt' old honl(^ AfUu' tlin di-al.ii of hci' Hiit'vivin^' jiarcnl. hIii- i'<;moviM| l,o
lOn^land, hi'f nativi- land, h-avin;; SandnrH inana^i;r of ln)r iar^^r and
!)iH> ,SANT»KliH.
viiltiuMc CHtHtc. IIIh (li-sccti(liititH lire Mlill |i(ish<!hnimI lit' a iiiiiiilirr' nf
Iftli'iH wr'iUch III liiiii l)y lii-r', anil known as tlm "(!iio|ii'i- Lcltrrs,'' run
tiiinin;{ iniitiy rotVi'i'tiiM's to |i(!i'NiinH iitid tJiin^s, of consiili-i'iililr liiHtuciciil
iin|iiir'liin(:<-. SIks ret uriiud Lo AnntlI)llli^4, and diod in iH'M't. lli; had
j'liildn'd :
i. Mary, h. 17*")'-', d. I7r.!».
ii. .Inlin, ITTi'l, il. unin. in 'rriniiliiil.
(2) iii. I'linlnn, li. I7r>l>.
(;i) iv. Daniol, li. I7<'l.
2. I'akiion Sani»ki{h, .Iun., was Imrn in 1 750, and dird in \X2l\. Il(!
inariitid Plu^lx', dau^^litfr of .losiali l)od;^i', and had ihiidrrn ;
i, Ilicliitnl, (1. at Hi!a, innii.
ii. I'aiili.n, li. 17h;1, iii. IHHH. Martlia Wmkn, h. 17H)1. Iln i|, \HV,2 :
Ch. : I. IMii^Ik), Ii. MIO, iiniii. ; L', Martha, li. IH|-J, i:,hm. ;
;{ I'lirdon, h. IHI7, m. (^aruhni) VVnoil Vc(„,||| ; .J, VVilliani
Fiirrcstor, i>. IHiJn, il. unin ; 5, llimry HtMijaniin, i>. IH'2I, uniii. ;
(i, (!ariihn(i Surali, li. IH'j:t, iinni. ; 7, Mary, l>. \H'2Vt, iiniii.
iii. tloHiah, d. mini,
iv, Wiliiaiii, ni. /iiiporah Curliitt : Cii. : I, Kichard Ohvcir, h. IHlTi, in.
(iHt) Kli/.alictli iSriiwn ; 'J, l''rcdoric Wilhani, li. JHKi, in. Kifaiiur
.laiii) Spnrr ; :!, Mary Khzalxith, h. IHIM, m. Wiliiaiii Ni< liol ;
4, ('iiarhiN M., Ii. IH'JI, d. iiniii. ; 5 Anna, h. IKL'K, unin. ; <!, Susan
M., d. until. ; 7, LonlHa, li. lH2'i, d. unin.
V. liciiijuiiiin. III. Siirali M<;('iiriuici< : ('h. : J, rardnii, in. ; 2, .lam-,
d. uiiiii. ; ■'!, Kli/.aht'th d. unin. ; 4. Itrrniird, in. (!iiarli>lto
Staiiforlii ; 5, KHi'ii, n • llarvry ; <i, Saniurl, in. ; 7, I'liiiiiy,
III. I'ayiiK ; K, .Artlinr, in.
vi. Krt^iUirii', d. iiniii.
vii. Mary, d. iiiuii. '
viii. liiiuiHa, in. Uoiilion Dodf^o,
ix. I'hetio, d. unin.
X. Caroiiiio, in. ISonjaniin II. KandurH.
xi. SiiHan, <l. niiin.
3. Daniki. Sandkkh was lioni in 1761, and diod in 1849. Ho married
in 1792, Hannah Hioks, who wa.s born 17C3, and diod 18:58. Chiidnin:
i. .John, 1). 17!t2. ni. Hst.) Ilnnnali UickN, (2iid) Eliun ISoylo : Ch. :
I, LouiHa, Hi. .lohn Kdj^ar; 2, Kiiiiaa, in. Edward McDonald ;
15, ilusoph, in. (in I'.S.).
ii. Oliver, 1). 17!'4, in. Kliza 15arnahy : Ch. : I, Ann, in. Ilohrrt
MarHliall ; 2, Hannah, in. (Ist) Zacchoufl Fostor, (2nd) Williuiii
Howo ; .'5, Ehzaliuth, in. William Miilor ; 4, Cathorino, in.
l5onJaniin Miilor ; 5, .lohn, in. I5urtha Walker ; (J, SuHan,
ni. ('ornoliuH Hitdnip ; 7, Daniel Oliver, M.D., ui. Ann McKcaii ;
8, Charlt'H AiiihroHe, in. Maria Louisa fSanders.
iii. Mary, in. .lohn Starratt.
iv. Elizahelh, in. ( Miver FoHter.
V. Ann, III. Alexander Fowler.
vi. Sidney, m. 1820, Eli/.aheth Easson : Ch. : 1, David, h. 1H2<»,
ni. Harriet CuHhiny ; 2, Mary E., h. I8;!l, in. (iHt).lohii Ford,
(2iid) Henry White, son of Maiiloy White, .I.P. ; .'5, Havilah .Jane,
SANKKIIS SAINDKIIS. 607
l>. IH.'IK, III. (iooruo llowK ; I, Ann Kli/.ii, l>. Ih;>!), m. Knlitirt
('iiHliiiil{ ; >>, AviM Sniilli, li. |H||, m, |(. |,i'i<lic lliiiilwick ;
I). Miinii'l, h. IHC!. il. IHtH; 7. •Inliii, l>. |H|*i, in. l,cMiiH;k ShihIi'Ih ;
H, Si(liM>. I.. IHIH III. (|«t) Willi l-'/iiilkiiir, (l-'iiil) Kllni Smith;
U, l-'ruiiiiH, II. iH.'il, III. St<-|ilii'ii I), li. Kiii'lih^
vii. Kilwiiid, li. |M(t:;, III. iML'f), Miiiy Ann llii^kn: Cli. : I. (iri.srldii, h.
lMii7. III. .I'liiiillmn W'lKxiliiiiy ; 'J, 'riicrrHii, It. IH'JH, in. Alt'ruil
NjcIidIh ; .'t, William K., I). IH.'IO, m. MMi'^iit'tit (iiiU'h; 4, liitiiiHJi
•limit, II. IK;t'J ; .'), Kiiiliiy, m. Ailii SnndttrH; ti, ( 'Imrldtto, h. |H,'t((;
7, Kiilli, iiiiiii. ; H, Allivil, 111. Klliiii Mrlnlyid.
viii. liitniiiiiiiii II., Ii. JMdt, m. |M!I">, ( 'iinijinr .Siindi'r.s ; tliiii' ili, d niiin.,
uikI <litii., Miiri.'i LiiiiiHik, II. IKII, III. Cliiti'ltN AiiiWi'iiHo Siiniliti'H.
SaINHKIIH. 'riMOTIIV HaIIMiKIIH, |inililllily 11 lli'plirw of JdSCpll Sllllll-
• Ins, ot' Siili'iii, Mass., who wiih a j^iurili'i- of Yfuiiioiit.li, in I7ti.">, lliroii^ili
Joscpli'M lirotlitT 'riiiiolliy, ciiiiit' Id tills county wlini i|iiitf yoiiin(, lii^t wruri
ITtJO and I7<)'). Ili.s ;;niii(lfiitln'r wiis KdwanI SiiuikIi'in, whosu iiiiini-
f^niiit, unct'slor tlic fijitdi- Iuih liccn iinuiilr to ti-in'c, Imt t.lin millior
Hiij,';<i'Ht.s ('lii'iHt.oplirr SfinhdiTH who canif t.o Windsoi', (,'otiri., in Iti7l, of
im JiiK^iiirit. Siirn^v fmnily, of which oin- liniiK^h set tied in Mcrl'^-Hhiri' hikI
iitiot.liiT ill l)t'voii. 'riicri' i.s u fiiniiiy whose iiiiim' wuh lirst s|i<'ilcd Siiiiii-
«l<TsoM, and afterwards Saiiiidi'r.s, in i'iynioiilh ( 'oioiiy, of whom I'lsther
SaiindiM'H, or Saunderson, married TliomaH Savery, hoi'ii I'lHI, a lineal
aiKM'Htor of the editor. The early iiiemhers of the Aniiapoli.s hi'aiiirh did
a vast and a most valualile |iioiieer work in deselopin;; the a;^'iieiiltiirai
resources of the county, while some of them eii;^a;,'e(l in liimlierin^' opera-
tions more (extensively than the avera^^e of their iieij^hlioiirs. 'riinothy
Saunders married Martha Ncily, widow of James lleagii, an Irish lady,
atid had diildntri :
i. Timnthy, b. I7!M, in. Isl ) iJatlislidia Sproul, (liiid) Kunii^e Spinney;
(Jh : I, Uiilmrt, li. IH12, in. .Miit ildii Nowcomli ; 2, HelNoy.d. uiiiii.;
;{, Mary, m. K/.ekiel Wdndwnrtli ; -J, Olindiali, d. unm. ; (hy 'Jiid
wife); r», 'riiiidtliy, m, Luuy I'iiu^o (no issiug; (i, Saiiiuol, m. .Ann
I'piiiney ; 7, lloiiiy, in. (in I'.S.); H, Cideli, m. (in U.S.); !>,
Miirtlia, III. ('Iiarliis Spinney ; 1(1, ('atlmiine. in. (-'iilviii (Jiockor ;
I I, (.'aniline, III. (in I'.S.); I'J, ( Jiiilford. iii. (in U.S.); J I!, Sal all,
III. Clark Woltun.
ii. Henry ,'kov ), h. I7'.t.'t, in. IH17. Sarah Haiidall : CAi. : I. Susan, 1..
IHIH, ni. Kdward H. Harris ; li. Natliaii, h. IH'.'(», m. (Ist) Al.i«ail
Whitman, (2nd) Harriot McCreyor; .'t, Kli/iihetli, h. IHJl, d
uiiin. ; 4, .loHupii Henry (Kuv.), Ii. \H2',\, in. Carolino HairiH;
r», Sarah .lane, I). IH'Ji"), d. iimii. ; (i, TliomaH Handley, li. lH'.i7,
III. .Iiiiio Neily ; 7, Margaret, li, IKliW, in. William Siuill ; H,
Charles, h. IH.'.I, iii. Mary Sloan (in U.S.),
iii. Hanniih, h, I7!*r), m. l'lli|)halot IJaiikB.
iv. FruiiceH, h. I7!>7, m. .lames (Jrimus.
V. David, h. I7!>!», in. Kli/.ahoth lUiodes, dau. of William UliodeH, who
came from Now Kn^iand, and in. I.ydia Huhh. (Sir I'kihh (Unr-
iiliMji/.): Ch. : 1, .lohii, in. (1st) Marf^aret Neily, (L'lid) Hannah
Hendry ; 2, Ohadiah, iii. Rebecca Ward ; .'<, (Jynthia, in, Doaii
Wheelnck ; 4, Klizabuth, m. (jiideon Hearduley ; 5, Maria, in.
James VaiiBimkirk ; (>, Ilev. Eiiwahk Mannino Saunurrh, D.D.,
598 SAUNDKRS.
m. Mitria Kishoro Freemiin, and fathc of tlio distinguished
authoress Miss Makuaret Makshall SacnfU'IRs ; 7, Martha, ni.
Diniouk (Jouchcr ; 8, G. Wiiitotield, in. Sarah Saunders ; {>, Walter
W., ni. Julia Robinson,
vi. Obadiah, b. 1800, ni. 1821, Cathtrine, dau. of William Rhodes : Ch. :
1, William, d. unn>. ; 2, Mary, m. Charles (Jrandison Bent ; 3,
Lydia, ni. Inglis Noily; 4, Salome, ni. William Mc(Jill ; 5, Sidney,
ni. Jane McNayr; (>, Matilda, ni. John Pudsey ; 7, Caroline, m.
James .Feft'erson ; 8, Zeniis, m. Adelaide McNayr ; {), Helen, m.
William Lent ; 10, Eliza, ni. James Sc(>iield ; 11, Obadiah, m.
twice
vii. Robert, d. young.
Elizal)eth, who m. Abner Morse, was, I think, a r.ister of Timothy,
the ancestor mentioned above.
John Saunders, fourth son of Joseph Saunders, the j,'rantee of
Yarmouth, and his wife Sarah Hill, born at Haverhill, Mass, June 27,
1755, married Noveuiber 26, 1781, Hannah Saunders (daughter of
Timothy, and certainly sister of the Timothy whose record is just given).
He settled at Paradise, and c^ied about 1842. She was born February 7,
1758, and died Augus^i 11, 18o5. Children :
i. John, h. Oct. 28, 1782, m. Jemima Wilson, and d. Sept. 8. 1857 :
Ch. : 1, Harvey, m. (Ist) Leonora Whitman, (2nd) Ann Jefferson,
»«'(' McGregor ; 2, Walter, m. (Ist) Margaret Toole, (2nd) Sarah
Wheaton ; 3, Christopher, m. Lois Whitman ; 4, Charles, m. (Ist)
Anna Hilton, (2nd) — (in U.S.) ; 6, Wiltshire, m. Maggie (in
Nevada) ; 0, Deidamiii, n.. Freeman Whitman ; 7, Mary, m.
Thomas Kempton ; 8, Lydia, d. unm. ; i), Elizabeth, d. unm. ;
10, Jane, m. Lewis Minard ; 11, Hannah, m. Hayden Cameron.
ii. Timothy, b. Feb. «, 1784, d. March 30, 18H5, m. — Whitman,
wid.: Ch. : 1, John Clark, d. unm. ; 2, William Starratt, m. Eliza
Wright ; 3, Susan, m. (1st) William Baker, (2nd) Jesse Oakes ;
4, Loret*:a, m. Daniel Whitman ; 5, Patten, m. Hannah Wilson ;
(i, Henry, m. Rachel Whitman , 7, Hiram, m. Anna Johnston,
nrt' Rice (was a railroad constructor in Scotland, Switzerland and
United States); 8, Mary, m. Walter Wilson ; 0, Abigail, ni. Ansley
Whitman.
iii. Joseph, b. Dec. 7, 1785, d. Aug. 16, 1851, m. VanKorden or
Cornwell, went to Canaila West.
iv. Elizabeth, b. April 21, 1788, d. Feb. 19, 1789.
V. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 21, 1790, d. March 5, 1875, m. Alexander
Wilson,
vi. Abner, b. Nov. 25, 1791, d. May 31, 1870, m. Sarah Tedford, b.
1793, d. 1886 : Ch. : 1, Samuel Tedford. b. 1815, m. 1845, Eliza
Pool ; 2, Hannah, b. 1820. m. James Vidito ; 3, Catherine S., b.
1822. m. (Ist) James Reid, (2nd) Ezra Leighton ; 4, George J.,
b. 1823, unm. ; 5, W. Wallace, b. 1826, m. Sarah Tedford ;
6, Andrew F., b. 1827, m. "-becca Servant ; 7, Joseph, b. 1829,
m. Eleanor Phillips ; 8, An.; .et, b. 1831, d. 1865, m. Bartelle
Hosmer ; 9, Adelaide, b. 1832, m. Stephen Chesley ; 10, Abner M.,
b. 1835, d. 1871, m. Mary Percy,
vii. William, b. Mav 5, 1794, d. March 31. ^""^5.
viii. William, b. Nov. 7, 1795, d. May 14, Ui83, m. Irene Poole : Ch. :
1, John, m. (1st) Louisa Gates. (2nd) Anna Chesley, (3rd) Sophia
Purdy ; 2, Gilbert, m. Seraph Morse ; 3, Sarah, m. Rev. Walter
Goucher ; 4, Stephen, m. Annie Allen (in California) ; 5. Eleanor,
m. William Patten ; 6, Ada, d. unm.; 7, Edmund, m. — Johnston.
SAUNDERS — SCHAFNEU. 599
ix. Doidainirt, h. 1797, cl. May 14, 1803. '
X. Miiry, 1). Doc. 31, 17!»8, d. Jan. 13, 1844, unni.
xi. Amoret, b. Aug. 14, 1800, d. March 17, 187i), m. Robert Wilson.
1. ScHAPNER. The name is an old German word signifying "overseer,"
or " manager.'" Adam iSchafnkh, from whom our Annapolis County
family are directly descended, was horn in the Palatinate on the lower
Rhine about 1720, and came to Halifax with the German and Swiss
immigrants in 1752. His wife died on Iward the ship a few days before
his arrival, having given birth to a boy, who survived her. He went
about 1754 to Lunenburg, and there married Barbara Baltzer, a sister
of Stophel (Christopher) and Peter Baltzer, who with their parents came
out in the same ship with iiim from the same part of Germany. Soon
after the arrivi^l of the Massachusetts settlers, the Schafners and
Baltzers removed to Granville and settled on lot No. 1 in the lower
section, which Scliafner bought from Ebenezer Worthylake, one of the
grantees, a little westward of Denionts' first fort, and the " old Scotch
fort," which is still owned by .some of his posterity. His son Ferdinand
was married before his arrival in Granville. Two of his grandsons
settled in eastern Annapolis, and gave the name Schafner Settlement to
what is now known as South Williamstou. Children :
(2) i. Ferdinand, b. 1752.
ii. Barbara, m. John Bohaker.
By second wife :
iii. George, m. 180l>, Mary Coleman : Ch. : 1, Eli7,abeth, b. 1800, d.
unin ; 2, Abitrail, b. 1808, m. Joseph Johnson ; 3, Sarah, b.
1810, m. Daniel Kennedy,
iv. Catherine, m. Richard Armstrong.
V. Abigail, m. White.
2. Fekdixaxd Schafxer, born 1752, married Barbara Hawbolt.
Children :
i. Caleb, Lieut. -Colonel in the militia, ni..Mai X Phinney, dau. of_
Zaccheus : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann, ni. Joseph Bohaker ; 2. Olivia,
unm. ; 3, Handley Chipman, m. Selina Randall ; 4, W i lliam C ,
J.P., m.Jlst) Eliza, dau. of Henry Best, R.N., (2nd) Azuha
Phinney ; 5, EdwarTTSTanning, ni. Eliza Jane Biahop ; 6, Maria,
m. Rev. Thomas Todd,
ii. Ferdinand, m. 1812, Dorothea Whitman : Ch. : 1, George, b. 1814, m.
Cornelia Bogart ; 2, Diadama, b. 1816, m. Kinsman ; 3, Edwin, b.
1818, m. (Ist) Eliza Croscup, (2nd) Mary EUza Bent ; 4, John, b.
1820, m. Catherine Greenwood ; 5, William, b. 1822, m. Sarah
Clark, ne'e Fash ; 6, Sarah, b. 1825, d. unm., 1878 ; 7, Andreas, b.
1827, m. Whitman ; 8, Angelina, b. 1821), m. John Healy.
iii. James, m. 1816, Esther Croacup : Ch.: 1, Elizabeth Ann, b. 1810,
m. Richard Clark ; 2, Hannah Amelia, b. 1818, m. William
Croscup ; 3, .John Henry, b. 1820, m. Lucy Anderson ; 4, Benja-
min William, b. 1824, m. Mary Hewett ; 5, Isaac Ditmars, b.
1820, d. unm. ; 6, James Edwin, b. 1830, m. (Ist) Mary Church,
(2nd) Jane McConnick ; 7, Caroline, b. 1834. m. Lawrence
Delap ; 8, Gilbert Fowler, b. 1830, m. Elizabeth Winchester.
<;
600 SCHAFNER — SHAW.
iv. John, 111, Rebecca Bishop : Ch. : 1, Go«rge, m. (1st) Phobe June
Chipniiin, (2nd) Catharine Kennie, tier Pock ; 2, Maigfiret Ann,
in. Robert Marshall ; .'J, Maria, in. John L. Fitzrandolph ; 4,
Mary, in. Ingram Neily ; 5, Juhii, m. Susan Parker ; (i, Rebecca,
111. Isaac Morse ; 7, William J., iii. (1st) Mary Croscup, (2nd)
Susan Morse ; 8, Janie.s, tl. unnu
V, Frances, m. Warren Rent.
vi. Barbara, in. John Bohaker.
vii. Elizabeth, m. Michael Bohaker.
viii. Mary, m. John Hardy.
ix. Catherine, m. Edward Croscup.
X. Hannah, m. Joseph Hall.
xi. Ann, m. (Ist) William Tomlinson, (2nd) Samuel Lord Chipman.
Shaw. Moses Shaw, a United Empire Loyali.st, a native of New
York, died in Granville, where his tombstone can still be seen. A son
was a member of the firm of Rutherford it Shaw, of Digby. But most
of the name in this province are descended from a MosK.a SriAW wlio
came here earlier in the century, two of his children, born previous to
1770, being natives of Massachusetts. He was born January 18. 1735,
and was no doubt son of Moses, wlio was born in 1705, and who was son
of Benoni Shaw, of Plympton, and Lydia, daughter of John Waterman.
Benoni was son of Jonathan, a native of England, who came over with
his father John Shaw, and in due time married Phebe, daughter of
George Watson. John, the immigrant ancestor of this family of Shaws,
reached Plymouth as early as 16.'$2, with wife Alice and children, John,
James, Jonathan and Abigail, who married Stephen Bryant.* MosKS
Shaw, the pioneer settler, married (1st) Ann Phinney, of Barnstrobic,
Ma.ss., and (•2nd) Mehitable, daughter of Joseph Patten, M.P.P., and
widow of Zachariah Hall, of Boston. He died in 1821, aged 86. He
served in the colonial troops in Nova Scotia in 1753. His eldest soik,
Isaiah, farmer, merchant and inventor, was member for Granville in
1806, and again in 1812. Moses, a nephew of Isaiah, son of Moses, jun.,
was also a member for two terms of four 5'ears. (See memoirs.) One
or two of the sons of Moses, sen., removed to Yarmouth. Another,
David, married in Granville, but settled near Berwick, Kings County.
Isaiah removed to New York after retiring from the Legislature. Our
present subject had children, all born in Granville :
i. Isaiah, b. Oct. 11, 1763, d. in New York City, 1819, m. (Ist) Ann
Ketchum, (2nd) Sarnh Hausman, ne'e Ketchum : Ch. : 1, Mary,
b. 1788, m. James Delap ; 2, Sarah, b. 1790 ; 3, Fllizabetli, b.
1793, m. John Kennedy ; 4, Mehitable, b. 1795, m. Woolrich ;
5, Harris, b. 1800, d. 1800 ; 6. Ann, b. 1801, d. unm.
ii. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 26, 1764, m. 1/81, Josiah Snow, and removed to
Wakefield, N.B., d. 1854.
* The first Savery in Plymouth apprenticed a son first to John Shaw, and then
to Stephen Bryant.
HIIAW — SL(JC()M1J. 601
iii. Moses, b. Sept. 23, 17()(>, d. Feb. 8, ISrd, ni. Phebe Moore, who
wtis born at Tarrytown, N..I., Oct. 15, 1771, d. nt Irontown,
Miirch 4, 1843: Ch.: 1, SHiiiuel, b. IWH, d. in infancy; 2,
Joseph, b. at Wilmot, March 14, 1802, m. Maiy, dau. of .lames
Thorne, and d. at (Jasp«3, N.B.; 3, Alfred, b Sept. 29, 1803 ; 4,
Moses, b. May 31, 1806, d. in infancy ; 5, Phebe Moore, b. Nov.
8, 180H, ni. (Ist) Joseph Hall, (2nd) lienja nin Tripp, of Belfast,
Me. ; (), Moses. Moses Shaw, M.P.P., wns b. at Magaguadavic,
April 13, 1809, ni. (Ist) Cornelia (Jesner, (2nd) July 20, 1837,
Elizabeth, dau. of William an ' Letitia (vVhitmun) Spurr, who
was b. Jan. 14, 1818, d. Aug. 24, 1884. He died Jan. 23, 1870.
iv. Joseph, b. May 29, 17()8, d. March 25. 1798.
V. David, b. April 9, 1770, m. Desiah Phinney (dau. of Isaac), and d.
at Cornwallis, Fob. 14, 1840 : Ch. : 1, Thomas, b. 1800, d. unni. ; 2,
Harriet, b. 1800, m. William Pinoo ; 3, David, b. 1802, d. unm.;
4, James, b. 1804, m. Pamela Bishop ; 5, Margaret, b. 180<), d.
unm. ; (i, Sidney, b. 1808, m. Caroline Skinner ; 7, Moses, b.
1810, d. unm.; 8, John, b. 1812, m. Susanna Norwood ; 9, Ann,
d. unm.; 10, Havilah, m. Charles Norwood; 11, David, m.
BathshebaSproul ; 12, Isaiah, b. 1798, m. (1st) Ellice Woodworth,
(2nd) Sarah Lyons.
vi. Zebina, b. March 14, 1772, lived and d. in Yarmouth ; father or
nnclo of Zebina Shaw, Sheriff of Yarmouth,
vii. Havilah. b. May 14, 1774, m. James Hall, J.P.,andd. at Granville,
Sept. 17, 1816.
viii. Mary, b. Dec. 22, 177<>, m. Captain John Harris.
By second wife :
ix. Susanna, b. 1782, d. 1784.
X. Susannah, b. March 8, 1784, m. (Ist) James Reed, (2nd) Benjamin
Hoed, d. at Granville.
xi. Anna, h. June 5, 178(i, m. (1st) Guildford Reed, (2nd) — Smith.
Sloccmh, or Slocum, The name, like so many English surnames is of
local origin, and due to the abundant growtli of the sloe tree, or wild
plum, in some valley or depression among the hills, called in Old English a
i'omhc. A person named, say, Richard, living in such a spot would become
known among outsiders as *' Richard of the sloe combe," and when the use
of surnames became general, his posterity would inherit the name crys-
tallized into its modern form. Our Slocombs derive from Simon, who
married at Wrentham, Mass., in 1719. (He no doubt was a lineal
descendant from Anthony Slocum, one of the first purchasers of Taunton,
Mass., in 1637. There is a Slocomb genealogy, by Dr. Chas. E. Slocum,
of Syracuse, N.Y., but I have not seen it.^ — -Ed.) The eldest son of Simon
Slocomb a: d Abigail, his wife, was John, born 1720, and in 1747 married
Experience Healy, by whom he had two sons and a daughter, who came
here with the Loyalists of 1783. (A Captain Simon Slocom was a prom-
inent man in the Province as early as 1759, when he was a member of
the House of Assembly. — Ed.) John was then married, and his sister
and brother were respectively nine and fifteen years old. The sister
married Thomas Outhit, from whom all in the county of that name are
descended. She, at his death, married John McNeill, a Loyalist, and
thus became ancestress of the McNeill, of Wilmot. The two brothers
settled at Wilmot.
602 SLOCOMl'..
John Slocomh, Sbn., 1). 1720, in. 1747, Experience Healy, d. 1778.
Children :
i. John, b. 1754, m. 1778, Eleanor Spriggs, d. 1845 : Cli. : 1, Sarah, b.
177'>, m. John Hawkeswort'- ; 2, JoHhua, b. 1781, d. April, 1781 ;
3, John Prince, b. 1782, i'». 1805, Rebecca Hawkesworth ;
4, Joshua (Tphani, b. 1784 (in N.S.), ni. 180J>, Elizabeth Farns-
worth ; 5, William, b. 1785, ni. Eliwi Miller, d. 1863 ; «, Caleb,
b. 1787, ni. (l8t) 1810, Sarah Lenahan, (2nd) Sarah Wilson ; 7,
Eleanor, b. 178S), d. 184i>, m. Okihani Gates ; 8, Lavinia, b. 17".»4,
ni. Peter Middlenias.
ii. Lavinia, b. 17<54, m. (Ist) Thomas Outhit, (2nd) John McNeill.
iii. Caleb, b. 17«8, ni, 17!>2, Mary, dau. of Alden Bass : Ch.: 1. Caleb,
b. 17!>3, m. 1814, Mary Hamilton ; 2, Thoniiu v.uthit, b. 17i>4, m.
Mary Berteaux ; ti, Mary, b. 17fMi, m. Adam Enston Hawkes-
worth ; 4, Eliziibeth, b. 17^7, m. John Brown ; 5, Timothy Rice,
b, 17SM>, m. 1825, Hannah West ; «, John, b. 18U0, d. unni ; 7,
Susan, b. 1802, d. 1802 ; 8, Susanna, b. 1803, m. William Miller,
J.P. ; 9, Naomi, b. 1806, m. James Crowley, of Digby ; 10, Ruth,
b, 1810, m. William Gould ; 11, Julia, b. 1810, m. Isaac Noble;
12, Esther, b. 1812, d. unm. ; 13, Sarah, d. unm.
John Prince (son of John) nnd Rebecca (Hawkesworth) Slocomb had ch. :
1, Mary, b. 180(), m. James Parker ; 2, William, b. 1808, d. 1809 ; 3, Sarah,
b. 1809, d. 1810; 4, Abraham, b. 1810, d. 1831; 5, Rebecca, b. 1813, m,
William H. Harriscm ; 6, Isaac, b. 1815, d. 1837, unm. (in Edinburgh) ; 7,
Sfirah, b. 1817, m. William H. Harrison ; 8, Jacob, b. 1819, m. Jerusha
Tupper Gates.
Joshua Upham and Elizabeth (Farnsworth) Slocomb hadch.: ' r-i'jnnr.
Spriggs, b. 1809, m. Solomon Bowlby ; 2, John, b. 1811, m. (1st) s-Jarah
Sothern, (2nd) Catherine Keizer ; 3, Deborah, b. 1813, m. Joel Banks ; 4, Mary
Upham, b. 1815, m. David C. Landers, M.P.P. ; 5, Elizabeth, b. Ic;i7, m.
Francis Miller ; C, Lavinia, b. 1819, m. Henry Miller ; 7, Joshua, b. 1820, d. 1831 ;
8, Joel, b. 1822, m. (1st) Irene Huntington, (2nd) widow Gates, ne'e Landers ;
9, Samuel Busby, b. 1824, m. Susanna Brown (no issue) ; 10, Angelina, b. 1826,
m. Nathaniel Whitman ; 11, Naomi, b. 1829, m. John Gates ; 12, Ruth, b.
1831, m. Charles A. Elliott.
William (son of John) and Eliza (Miller) Slocomb had ch.: 1, Jacob, b,
1822, d. 1885, unm. ; 2, Savah, b. 1823, d. 1825 ; 3, John, b. 1826, m. (Ist)
Dorothea Baltzer, (2nd) Adelaide Bruce ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1828, m. William
Beach ; 5, William, b. 1830, m. (1st) Caroline Wilkins, (2nd) Maria Armstrong ;
6, Caleb, b. 1830, d. unm.; 7, Abraham, b. 18.33, ni. (Ist) Eliza Gibson, (2nd)
Sarah E. Bent ; 8, Sarah, b. 1836, m. John Bruce ; 9, Henry, b. 1837, d. unm.;
10, Isaac, b. 1840, m. Louisa Miller ; 11, James H., b. 1842, d. unm.
Caleb (son of John) rind Sarah (Lenahan) Slocomb had ch.: 1, William
Sutcliffe, M.D., b. 1810, m. Emnieline Little ; 2, Caroline, b. 1812, m. 1836,
Pardon Starratt ; 3, Ann, b. 1814, d. 1816 ; 4, Rebecca, b. 1817 ; 5, Christina,
b. 1819, m. Morris WheeJ^ck , 6, Walter Bromley, b. 1821, m. 1852, Sarah
Morgan ; 7, Eliua, b. 1823 ; 8, Eleanor, b. 1826 ; 9, Ethlin B., b. 1827 ; 10,
Sarah Ann, b. 1829 ; by 2nd w., Sarah Wilson, he had : 11, Obadiah Moore,
b. 1832, m. Mary Nickerson.
Caled («o«, of Caleb) imd Mai y (Hamilton) Slocomb hadch.: 1, Catherine,
b. 1S16, m. (1st) Joseph Banks, (2nd) Captain Harvey ; 2, William Alfred, b.
1811, m. Emmeliiie Brown ; 3, James E., b. 1819, m. Mary Middlenias ; 4,
George H., b. 1821, m. Abigail Walker; 5, Caleb Edgar, b. 1823, m. 1849,
Adeline Parker ; 6, Eliza Jane, b. 1825, m. .Jacob Fritz ; 7, John, b. 1827, d.
SLOCOMB — SMITH — SNEDEN — SNOW. 603
1827 ; 8, Mary Laviiiiii, h. 1829, d. unni. ; 1», Israel, 1). 18a2, m. 1862, Catherine
Darton ; lU, Charles Rideout, h. 1842, d. uniii.
Timothy Rice (.w»i o/ Culfh) and Hannah (West) Slocomb had ch. : 1, ,Tnne,
b. 1825, d. uiim.; 2, Isaac, h. 1827, m. Elizahuth Durland ; •'), Ingram liill, I).
1829, m. 1855, Adelia Smith ; 4, Sarah Abigail, b. IWJl, n). 1850, Thomas Dur-
land ; 5, Lucy Lavinia, b. 1835, d. unni. ; (>, Isaiah, b. 18;J7, m. 1859, Margaret
Frend ; 7, Harriet Adelia, b. 1839, ni. Robert Weaver ; 8, Susan Amelia, b.
1843, m. Henry Weaver ; 9, Joseph Dimock, b. 1845, d. 1848.
Smith. This Smith family was of Loyalist origin. Austin Smith,
whose name is in the Annapolis nmster roll of 1784, married — Tuttle,
and settled later in Wilmot. He had children :
i. .Jonathan, m. (Ist) 1790, Love Woodbury (dau. of Dr. Joiiathiin,
sen.), (2nd) Ann Gates, and had children ; 1, James, m. Rebecca
Freeinan ; 2, Fairfield, m. Margaret Magee ; 3, Lou, m. Robert
Walker ; 4, Famitcha, m. Daniel Robinson ; 5, Manley, went
abroad ; (by 2nd w.) 6, .John, in. Elizabeth Forbes ; 7, CoUing-
woiid, ni. (1st) Jane Cassidy ; (2nd) Maria Goucher, nee Weaver ;
8, Theresa, m. Thrnmis Marshman ; 9, Mary, ni. .Jonathan
Parker; 10, Elizabeth, ni. Edward Morgan; 11, Fanny, ni.
Alfred Hent ; 12, Susan, d. young ; 13, Sampson, m.
ii. Francis, m Mary VanHuskirk : Ch. : 1, John G., m. Angelina Harris ;
2, William, m. Elizabeth Hicks ; 3, Rev. .James Austin, m. (1st)
Mary Ann (iunter, (2iid) Elizabeth McD(maId ; 4, Herbert, m.
Achsa Raker ; 5, Elizabeth, m. Edmuml Palmer ; 0, Azubah, m.
William Nichols ; 7, Mary, m. — ; 8, Catharine, m. John Gates ;
9, Helen, m. Major Stronach ; 10, Grace, m. (Ist) William
Marshall (son of William), (2nd) .James Alessenger. (Francis
Smith was some years Deputy Sheriff, and was a candidate for the
shrievalty in 1821, well supported.)
Snkuen. Lawrence, son of Stephev Snedev, who was born 1743,
and married, 1763, Margaret Townshend, and died 1814, was one of the
leading men of the town in his day. His elder brother, John Townshend
Sneden, born 1765, married, 1815, widow Margaret Ruggles, nee
Robevson, and had sons, John Townshend, lx)rn 1816 ; James Robertson,
born 1818, and George Ricketts, born 1820. Lawrence, born 1768, died
1823, married 1800, Elizabeth Amory, and had ch.: 1, Anne, born 1802,
married Dr. Robert Leslie ; 2, Stephen William, born 1 804 ; 3, Mary
Esther, married Rev. J. M. Campbell; 4, John Anthony, born 1808 ; 5,
Margaret Augusta, born 1812, married George Simard Millidge ; 6,
Lawrence James, born 1816, married Catharine McLauchlan. The name
only survives in the county on the gravestones and church records.
Snow. Nicholas, Anthony and William Snow came over to New
England among the early settlers, and are supposi'd to have been related.
There was also a Richard and a Thomas. Anthony had only one son,
Josiah, which seems to have been a family name, even down to the
founding of the Nova Scotia branch, although this early Josiah left no
604 HNOW — SI'INNKY.
sons. He was |)r()l)iil)ly cousin or uncle of a Niclioliis Snow, who
nmrriwl Mary, perhaps sistcT of (ieorge Upham, of VVivc^liscomho,
Somerset, and who was citizen and armourer of Ltindon in February,
IGGO. He came in the Aunr in 102IJ, and inarritMl Constantia Hopkins, a
Miii/Jloifer passenger, and had twelve or thirteen children, and was a man
of mark amonj,' the Pilgrim Fathers. The line of descent is from Nichohi.s,'
througli Jabez,-' Jabez,' Jal)ez,' to Jaiik//' Snow, who was born June 19,
17.'}3, niarric^d. May 22, 1758, Elizabeth Doane (dau. of Dr. Jonathan),
was a captain in a colonial conipany during the French war, and came
to Granville among tlie early settlers, and was a leading spirit there,
filling the office of coroner and other prominent positions, (jlnldren ;
i. Josiiih, b. Oct. 17, 1755, in. 1781, Elizabeth Shaw : Ch. : 1, Anna,
1>. Aug. 1!>, 1782, 111.; 2, .loimthau Doane, b. Jan. 27, 1784,
III. Sarah llnusiimn ; 3, .Fabez, 1), April 0, 1785, m.; 4, Josia!',
b. March 10, 1787, in.; 5, Moaos, 1). April 21, 178!), iii.; (5,
Warren, b. Juno 1, IV'.'l, in.; 7, Jiviues, b. April 12, 171)3, in.;
8, Elizabeth, b. Fob. 21, 17!»5, m.; !», Mary, b. Feb. 23, 17!>7, ni.;
10, Martha, b Oct. 12, 1700, m.; 11, Jane, b. Sept. 4, 1801, m. ;
12, Havilah, b. July 3, 1804, in.; 13, J()sei>h S , b. May 22, 1807.
ii. William, b. Sei)t. (J. 17(>3, in. Margaret Winchester : Cii. ; 1, Eliza-
beth Doane, b. Oct. 27, 1788 ; 2, William Quigley, b. Oct. 16,
1700 ; 3, Hannah, b. Dec. 8, 1702 ; 4, Ann Eve, b. Jan. 15, 17»5 ;
5, Jabez, b. May 24, 1707 ; <"), rainela, b. Oct. 4, 1700 ; 7, Wink-
worth Quigley, b. Jan. 12, 1802.
iii. Silvaniis h. Feb. 24, 17B5, m. (1st) June 2, 1801, Mary Clark (dau.
of Thomas), (2nd) 1814, Mary Lent (dau. of Abraham): Ch.:
1. Silvauus. juu., b. Jan. 15, 1804, m.; 2, Mary, b. May 12, 1805,
m. ; 3, Elizabeth, b. Nov. 14, 1800, m. ; 4, < )livia, b. March 12,
1808, m.; 5, Eunice, b. Feb. 28, 1811 ; 0, Stephen, b. May 31,
1812 ; (by 2iid wife) : 7, Jane Elizabeth. 1). Nov. 13, 1816 ;
8, Eleanor Ann, b. April 2, 1818, iii. ; 0, Hannah, b. March 20,
1821.
iv. Edward, b. Jan. 17, 1771, m. — . (The record stops here, and I
cannot find the materials tc) complete it. — En.)
Benjamin Snow, a Loyalist, a graduate of Dartmouth, who opened a
Grammar School in Annapolis in 1781, soon removed to New Brunswick,
and was one of the grantees of the parish of Studholm, Kings County. It
is likely that the late Francis C. Snow and his son Harry A., recently
well-known woollen manufacturers at Lequille, who came here from
New Brunswick, were descended from him.
Spinney. Of the immigrant ancestor of this family, or the part of
England from which he came, I have no information. The author only
mentions that Joseph Spinney, fs ■her of the Joseph whose family he
records, was born in Massachusetts. Elsewhere he notes that a John
Spiioey, of Kittery, N.H., married in 1729, Mary Waterhouse. Camp-
bell, in his "History of Yarmouth," p. 67, says, "John Spinney, who
came from Portsmouth, with seven sons, is as striking an example as can
SIMNNKY — SI'IKd'L. (10.')
anywhcro he found of nuninrical increuHo," lm\ ing com«^ to Al)iiptic in
17fi2, and lu'come the ancefiior of j)rol)ahly five hunched desceiidaiitM then
livinj^, al)()Ut iialf of them in tliat county. He may liave Iwsen the fatlier
or grandfatlier of the one who founth'd tlie Annapolis family of the name.
1 find, however, from tlie town recordsof (iianville that a Hamuel Hpinney
was there in the last century, that lie had a wife Klizaheth, hy whom he had
ch. ; 1, JosKl'il, h. April l.'l, ITC;?; U, David, h. Feh. ID, 17G4, d. June
9, 1765, and that the wife died Feh. 1 1, 1706 ; that he married (2nd) Nov.
2G, 1766, Hannah Smith, and had eh. : ."?, David, h. Oct. 2'.i, 1767; 4,
Eli/aheth, h. Nov. \'^, 176!). A David Spinney, .son of Andrew, married,
1826, Kliza Fo.ster (dau. of E/ra, of N.li.), was in Granville in 1828 and
1834. The Joseph Spinney, stated by our author to be son of Joseph,
may ha e been the son of Sanmel, b. 1763, or that man may liave been
identic) 1 with Joseph, sen., said to be born in Massachusetts. Joseph
married Sarah Beech and had ch. : 1, Abraham, m. — Barss ; 2, Samuel,
m. Mary Rhodes; 3, IJenaiah, m. (1st) Mary Banks, (2nd) Abigail
Locke ; 4, Mary, m. Eric WcUton ; f), Ann, m. Jolin Banks ; 6, James, m.
Letitia Wheelock ; 7, Elijah, m. Margery Rhodes ; 8, (Jharlotte, m.
Israel Whitman ; 9, Sarah, m. George Neily ; 10, John (in U.S.A.).
Spuoul. Robekt Spkoul, the progenitor of the Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick families of the name, came from the north of Ireland, pro-
bably at the same time that the Neily.s, McCormicks and Elliotts came,
and must have settled in Granville later than the year 1770. By his first
wife, who may have died on the voyage, he had tliree sons, James, John,
and Robert, born in Ireland. James, the eldest, b. 1763, went to New
Brunswick and became the ancestor of a large posterity there. John and
Robert removed to Wilmot, the former settling near Paradise, the latter
farther up the valley. Thomas, the son by the second wife, settled in
Granville, from which many descendants have gone foith to neighbouring
counties and the United States, some to California. The name, once
numerous, has now nearly disappeared from Granville. Robekt Sproul,
d. 1801, m. (Ist) Sarah , d., (2nd) Jane , d. 1800. Ch. :
i. James.
ii. John, ni. 1708, Anne Parker : Ch. : 1, Mary, b. 1799, m. James
Phinney ; 2, Miriam, m. John Miller ; 3, Elijah, ni. Martha Bowl-
by ; 4, Obadiah, m. (1st) Amy Rumsey, (2nd) Eliza Lent, ne'e
Brinton ; 5, Elliott, m. Ellen Cripps ; fi, Sarah, m. John Wesley
Pool ; 7, Nancy, m. — Maybee ; 8, William, b. 1805, m. (1st)
Sarah Durhind, (2) Dorcas Brown, n^e Longley ; 9, Diadaina, m.
Beldon Sproul.
iii. Robert, m. Bathsheba Ricketson : Ch. : 1, Abednego, m. Lucy
Clarke ; 2, Elliott, m. Sophia Baker ; 3, Robert, jun., m. Elizabeth
Baker ; 4, Samuel, m. (1st) Hannah Wheelock, (2nd) Caroline Dur-
land ; 5, Edward, m. (1st) Nancy Daley, (2nd) Minetta Katherns ;
G, James, m. Lydia Messenger : 7, Jane, m. ; 8, Bathsheba, m.
iv. Sarah, m.
«iOG SI'KOUL— SI'UKH.
\\y socimd wife :
V. ThiiiiiikN, III. llHiiiiiih flii.Hkell : Cli. : I, Daviil, in. IMit'lx' h'owItT ;
'J, NV'illiiiiii, in. Mnry KimihIi ; .'t, 'riidtniiN, in. Kleiuior McKuii/ic ;
4, .liiiie. III. AloxHiiilor Miiillttt i.Vcndinii Kruiicli) ; 5, Klu-ii, iii. (iHt)
I'liiOii! .\iiii McColl, (I'lnli Miiry .Imio iMcCull ; (i. .ViulrciiH, in.
('atlinriiu; Itowlus : 7. iHiiiali, in. Kli/.ii)>utli IhiwIch : H, llitimah,
III. .Joliii NN'liito, livoil at Soutli Kiiii^o, Ui^'iy County, iis did
.'Mux. Muiliut mid family,
Spuun. Mit;il.\i;i, Si'cuii, wlni canit' in tlic ('littrinniii Molly, witli
Ills wifo Anil Mini and family, liad a m'rant of land and st'ttlcd at Hound
Mill. He was ji(>rliaj).s son of Holtert, and fjrandson of a senior llohert,
of |)oroli('stf'r, Mass. One of his aiicostors was captain in one of the
colonial iTginicnts that attai-ked I'oit Moyal in 1707, his company hcinj;
the first to land on tlie (Jranvillc hIioic, at a jilacc n<iw called Weather-
spoon's Point, luit known as Spurr's Point fiom the circumstances of this
landinj;, down to 1770, so that the name had heen known Ihmv for half a
<'entuiy hefore the arrival of these settlers. (The order of llie hirtlis of
his children I take from the " Chute Genealogii's," the author assuring me
they are more correct. — Ed.)
i. Abrani, h. 17r)(i, in. Mary LeCivin (dim. of Francis) ; Ch. : I. Mary,
III. ITltl, (ieoifj;e Davis ; 2, Michael, h. 177r), in. Auj^. '.►, 17!W,
Kli/abvth, daii. of .luliii lloacli, and d. .Fan. 2.'<, IH78, in his lOlird
year ; H, Kli/.abeth, ni. Christopher V. Harris ; 4, .lane, ni.
Heiijaiiiin Putter; 5, Thomas ; «i, Ann, in. Henry, son of Micliael
Honnigar ; 7, Abiiiail, i). 17H.">, d. April liO, 1871, in- Thatcher
Scars; 8, Rev. (iilbert, b. .lulv !>, 1787, ni. Enthcr Chute, and
had (> daus. ; 0, Diadaina, in. Elijah, son of Heiijainin Hunt, and
father of llov. Abr.vham Sitkh Hint; 10, Maria, iii. Samuel
McColly, in (.)ntario ; 11, Alicia, in. John Sulis ; 12, Abram, in.
18'20, Ann, dau. of Captain .lohii Harris, livcil at Smith's Cove,
Digliy.
ii. Ann, in. William, son of Philip Bcrteaux.
iii. Abigail, m. .John Harris, Jl.P.P.
, iv. Shippey, in. 1788, Letitia Voorhies (see "Frontier Missionary," p.
215): Ch. : 1, William, b. 178!», d. 17!l(!; 2, Mary, b. 17!U, d. 17!tl);
'A, Jane, b. 17!>2, iii. Burns ; 4, Luke Voorhies, b. 17!>4, m. Van
Horn ; 5, Mary, b. 17!H5, m. Isaac Ditinars ; (i, Elizabeth, b. 17!>8,
in. (1st) Isajiu Ditinars, (2nd) Edward Morse, (!Srd) John Ditmars ;
7, John Cooj)er, m. (Ist) Harriet Parker, (2iid) Louisa McNeill,
mie Haines, and d. on her property at Harton, Digby County ; 8,
Catherine Marsden, b. 1802, ni. Maynard Parker ; !), Sarah Ann,
b. 1804 ; 10, Shippey, b. 1807, d. 1812 ; 11, Margaret, b. 1808, m. ;
12, William, b. 1810, m.
V. Michael, m. (according to the "Chute Genealogies") Diadama, dau.
of Rev. Arzarelah Morse, but I conjecture that she d, and that he
in. (2nd), Dec. ',i, 1791, Anna Rice (St. Luke's Church records).
Ch.: 1, probably Azariah (or Arzarelah), bpd. April 7, 1787; 2,
William, probably bpd. Dec. 3, 17D1, ni. Letitia, dau. of John
Whitman ; 3, James, d. unm. ; 4, Diadama, b. 17!M>, probably bpd.
Jan. 7, 1707, d 1878 unm. ; 5, Ann, in. — Burrill ; 0, Susan, ni.
James Gilliatt, or perhaps she was dau. of William and Letitia. —
[En.]
^c<i,^ ,t^ {^k.^
V
KKV. AHHAIIAM SPUUU HUNT, M.A.,
Horn III near Itlivr, Aniiaiiolid Cminln, April ?, ISI',, ilieil Orlnber .'.!, 117:. (.Sec ;i. m.)
HiMmn— sTARHArr. (j07
vi. Thoiiww. h. I7fl.'» (d. "H.<|.t. I. \Ki7, imi»\ 74"). in. Miiry, tluu. of
Koitt IIimhI, liy w., Kli'iiiiiir KHiiioitil, an IriHli liidy : (,'|i. : |,
Mnry. Ii. 17H». iJ. Dw. 2(>. 1HI1» ; '_', Kohuit, h. I7»l ; ni. (»it. '_>(),
1H14, Miiiiit Wliitnitm, (2n(l) IMu'lm Nulnnit (Wi'trntui), wul. of
Kttv. II. W, CunninKlmin ; <l. " Mny 15, |WJ», in 7Mtli yoiu" ; .«.
KUiHnor K., in. Klimtlmii Wliitiimn, M.P.P. ; 4, Williuni, li. 17<M,
(I. "Si)|(t. "Jl*, IH4I, ». 47," III. Aniuliii Mhnh. m'c Di-NVolfe, hikI
wuM fiithtT of Jami>H IhWulfv Hfun-r, Ks(|., uiid of Murij, w. of
•loliii (I. Iliirdiii^, Kni|,, Ht. John, N.K., itnd otliuiH ; 5, John, d.
Miiy '-', mm ; «1. JiHii-,* III. Hiipt. ii'J, IH^r., Alfml Whitnmii.
M.IM'., etc.; 7, Kli/Ji, III. •lohii Wliitiimn, s. of .\limlinin : H,
Nimnii, li. IKOl, III. JikiiiuH (imv, d. " Kul>. I«l, IHtl'i, u. (14 " ; 1»,
ThonuiN, li. IH()*J, III. I82H, ChiuiotUt ViinltuHkiik, itiid wuh fiithor
of ImMln, III. .\ylwiii ('ruii^liton, and KUnnor E-<m<md, in. Kov.
H. D. DdIMoIh, liiid 2 HoiiH d. uniii. ; 10, Kdwiinl, h. Mui-cli 19,
1H(>7, III. Murxiu'ct, dim. of .fuinuN H. DoWolfi!, M.IM*., Livur-
|MM)1 ; 11, Ann, h. Hept. H, 1H(M>, in. The««lofu H. HiirdiiiK ; 12,
MuiiH, b. July IM, 1811, .1. Nov. 2H, 1844, in. Tho.idoio S. Huid-
ing (hiH 2iid w.) ; l.'i, ('hurlottu, h. Mttiuh 28, 1814, in. Klkitimh
Youn^. M.IM'., d. uiirly.
vii. FiloHiior, in. Ahndiiiin Luiit.
viii. Kliaihoth, in. Nov. 15, 1787, Jiifoh Fritz.
Mk'IIaki. Sim'kr (mm of Ahmhavi, hdii.) hud ch. by w. (Kli/Jilieth Koiicli) ;
1, ThoniHH Roiiuh, b. Apr. l.'i, 17iW, in. (IhI) Avih Ritchie, ditii. of Miitthow,
HUH., (2tid) Kli»il)oth (LeCuin), wid. of Alo.\. Hitchiu, luid hid ill. : (by Ist w.)
WiUidin, Anna, (h'imie uiid Chdrlntte ; 2, .lohn M., b. .Inn. 11, 1H<H, ni.
(Jiu'olinu Corbitt, imd hud ch. : M<tr\i, ElkaMh, John M., Annu, Anfhoiut,
IFiUiuin, Matildd nml Junie.t Henry; li, Jhuiom VVilkio, I). Juno 17, 180.S, in.
Snwiii Copulnnd, luid liiid ch. : Elizabeth, Eleanor, Arin, Jaiws, Michael, Oiorije
liud John a.
.loHN Cooi'KK Si'URR (nun of Shippi\i) hn(' ch. by Ist w. (Harriet Parker) :
I, Mary Ann, in. Hiram R. Smith ; 2, Nathaniel Parker, m. (iHt) Sophia
Parker, (2nd) Elizabeth Binhop, (3rd) Rebecca Skinner ; 3, Angelina, d. uiiiii.;
4, William Voorhien, in. Kninia Ditinars ; 5, Shippey, in. Elizabeth (Janipbull ;
«, Alfred, m. Horatia Snow ; 7, (ieorge Edward, in. (1st) Mary Ann Neily,
(2nd), Maggie A. Magee ; 8, Isabel, in. Edgar BiHhop ; U, .lohn Church, in.
Nancy Lockhart, nee Whitman ; by 2nd w. (Louisa McNeill, n^e Haines), 10,
CharleH, in. Emma Pattuii.
RoiiKKT Si'iTKR (son of TJiomas), by w. (Maria Whitman), had ch.: 1. Anna
Rice, b. 181<i, d. unm ; 2, Alfred, b. 1817, d. 1821 ; 3, Edwin, b. 181!), d.
1H20; 4, Alfred Whitman, b. 1821, d. 1860, unm.; 5. Eliza Jane, m. Frederic
W. Sanders ; (i, Robert James, b. 1824, m. Margaret LeOain ; 7, Edward
Phelan, b. 1820, d. 1830; 8, William Henry, b. 1828, m. Abigail Dow ; »,
Charles Edward, b. 1829, m. Margaret Tupper ; 10, Seraph Maria, b. 18^)4,
in. James W. Herrington, d. Aug. 2, 1857 ; 11, Bernard, b. 18.3U, m. Eugenia
Bogart ; 12, Charlotte Letitia, b. 1837, m. (Ist) Lovett Bishop, (2nd) T. T.
Vernon Smith, C.E. (his 2nd w.) ; 13, Thomas, b. 1845, m. Susan Elliott. By
2nd w., no ch.
1. PrtiSK Htakbatt, the ancestor of the Annapolis County family of
the name, was probably born in Scotland about 1720, and mnoved to
the north of Ireland (Fermanagh), where one of his sons, Joseph, was born,
f«)r in an early census return for Granville he reports himself as of Scot-
tish, and his son Joseph of Irish, birth.t In 1770 Joseph is reported as
having a wife and two children, but no descendants are in the county.
(He there is stated to be of American birth. See page 198. — Ei>.)
The early Starratta seem to have been seafaring men, and Joseph owned
* Possibly some of these are not exactly in the correct order.— [Ed.]
tFrom this it would appear that lie was married before emigrating. — [Ed.]
608 STAURATT.
one of the first schooners built on tlie basin, after tlie advent of the
Massachusetts coltinists. Two of his brotlieis are said to have been
King's Pilots, and died in the pursuit of that calling. The father first
settled in Granville, it is thought, on a farm afterwards owned by the
late Colonel Millidge. About 17H0 they removed .to the vicinity of
Paradise, where two of his sons w«'re killed, in 1S20, by tlie caving in
of the bank while building a dam over the stream known as Starratt's
Brook, near the site of the j)resent railway bridge across the strc^am.
Peter married in Maine (where Ik^ had lived before^ coming to No\a
Scotia), Eleanor Armstrong (perhaps a second wife), and had children,
besides Joseph and perhaps »)thers, who probably moved back to Maine : *
(2)
i.
John, b. 1746.
(3)
ii.
George, b. 1747.
(4)
iii.
VVilliani, b. 1749, in. — Webber.
iv.
Mary, m. John Brown.
v.
Anna, ni. — Robinson.
vi.
Lois, m. Zaecheus Phinney.
vii.
Eleanor, in. John McGregor.
2. John, born as supposed about 174G, but perhaps later, married in
1778, Hannah Bancroft, born, it is suggested, at Reading, Mass., 17')'),
and had children :
i. William, b. 1779, m. (1st) Susan Leonard, (2nd) Susan Betts : Ch. :
1, William, m. Abigail S. Bent (dan. of Beriali) ; (by 2nd w.);
2, George, m. Bessie Sophia Diniock.
ii. George, b. 1781, in.
iii. Simon, d. unm.
iv. John, b. 1784, m. 1806, Mary Sanders : Ch. : 1, Daniel, b. 1807, m.
Eleanor Blood Morton ; 2, Pardon, b. 1810, m. Caroline Slocoml) ;
3, Helen, b. 1811, m. (1st) John Phinney, (2nd) Gilbert F. Chute;
4, Elizabeth, b. 1813, m. Peter De Laucey ; 6, Ann Almira, b.
1816, m. Jeremiah Bancroft ; 6, George, )). 1819, m. Evaline
Phinney ; 7, John, b. 1822, m. -- Bollard ; 8, James, b. 1824, m.
Esther Robinson (no issue) ; 9, Mary, b. 1826, in. William Tufts ;
10, Hannah, b. 1828, m. Charles H. Burgess ; 12, Rich. C, b.
1830, m. Mary Skerry ; 13, Theodore H., b. 1817, d. 1860.
V. Jeremiah, b. 1787, m. Sarah Dudgeon: Ch.: 1, John, m. Etheliijda
Rtjbinson ; 2, Harvey, m. Margaret Pierson ; 3, Joseph, m. Ma-
tilda Kinney ; 4, Hannah, in. Judah Wells ; 5, Sarah, m. Calvin
Smith; 6, Handley, d. unni, ; 7, Rev. Manning, in. (1st) Ijavinia
Kinney, (2nd) — Pride ; 8, William, m. Rebecca Hoar ; 9,
Samuel (in U.S.A.) ; 10, Jane, m. Henry Brown.
vi. Sarah, b. 1789, m. 18(M>, David Whitman.
vii. Peter, b. 1791, m. 1813, Rachel Robinson, b. 1792 ; Ch. : 1, Sarah
Ann, b. 1814, m. Walter Wilson ; 2, Robert Roliinson, b. 1815,
in. (1st) Rebecca Bishop, (2nd) Lovicia lieardsley ; 3, Simon Peter,
m. Ami Dudgeon ; 4, Eleanor, b. 1821, m. William Starratt ;
5, Wallace, b. 1823, m. (1st) Susan Dunn, (2iid) Carrie Caldwell ;
6, Mary Eliza, b. 1826, m. Alline Morse ; 7, Aiiioret, b. 1827, m.
— Davidson ; 10, John, b. 1833, d. unm. ; 11, Hannah, b. 1836,
m. Jos. T. Bass.
viii. Handley Chipman, b. 1793, m. Jane Dudgeon : Ch. : 1, George, b.
1818, 111. Phebe Johnston ; 2, William, in. Eleanor Starratt ; 3,
John, 111. Sarah Ann Brinton ; 4, James, in. (1st) Rtvchel Stjirratt,
(2nd) — Bacon, (3rd) Esther Diiimck ; 5, Silas, d. unm.; 6,
•Other Stari-atts, of Scotch-Irish extraction, early settled in Maine and N(?\x'
Hampshire, and it is possible that Joseph may have been of aiiotlier family. — [Eu.j
STARRATT — STRONACH. 60!)
Elizabeth, unni. ; 7, Sarah, m. Ansley Brinton ; 8, Eleanor, d.
unm.; 9, Amanda, m. Lewis Smith,
ix. Hannah, b. 1795, m. James Lynam,
X. Samuel, b. 1797, m. Ann Bancroft : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. 1826 ; 2,
Alfred, b. and d. 18.'8; 3, Caroline Adelia, b. 1832 ; 4, Alfred, b.
1834.
xi. James,* b. 1799, ni. Eleanor Morse, of Paradise, removed to Bridge-
water,
xii. Henry Alline, b. 1802, m. Amelia Dudgeon, had probably ch.
xiii. Eleanor, b. 1785, ni. Henry Parker.
3. George Starhatt, Ixjrn, it is said, 1747, but perhaps later, married,
1785, Sarah Balcoin, and had children :
i. Mary, d. unm.
ii. Elizabeth, m. Robert Charlton.
iii. Simon, b. 1790, d. 1871, m. (Ist) 1824, Abigail Bent, (2nd) 1831,
Mary Corbitt : Ch.: 1, Amanda, m. Edmund Bent ; 2, George, b.
1825, d. 1829; 3, Euphemia, b. 1827, d. 183H ; (by 2nd w.): 4,
William E., b. 1832, m. Susan Freeman ; 5, Alvan, b. 1834, m.
iv. Joseph, b. 1793, m. (Ist) 1826, Rebecca Bent, (2nd) Susan Mar-
shall : Ch.: 1, Benjamin, b. 1827, m. — Fowler; 2, George, b.
1829, m Emily Bentley, ne'e Dugwell; 3, Abigail, b. 1832, d. unm.;
4, David Bent, b. 1836, m. ; 5, Stephen, b. 1838 ; 6, Ferguson.
V. Benjamin, b. 1793, m. Christina Rowland : Ch. : 1, Sarah Elizabeth,
m. William Stanley Bent : 2, Mary Olivia ; 3, Robert Charlton,
m. Patience Chesley ; 4, Zenas Edwin, d. unm. ; 5, Annie Bent,
m. George Lavers.
vi. Ann, b, 1796, m. Rufus Bent.
4. William Starratt, born, it is said, 1749, married a Miss Webber,
and had children :
i. James, m. Ann Troop : Ch. : 1, Jacob, m. Susan Hardwick ; 2,
Joseph, m. Mary Ann Davis ; 3, Abner, d. unm. ; 4, James, d.
unm. ; 5, Charles, m. Ellen Riley ; 6, William, d. unm. ; 7, Mary,
d. num.; 8, Anne, m. Antonio Gavaza ; 9. Catharine, m. James
Hardwick ; 10, Henrietta, m. Josiah Hardwick ; 11, Eliza, m.
John Vroom.
ii. Joseph, m. and lived in Cornwallis.
And probably others.
Stronach. The founder of this Annapolis County family, George
Stronach, was born in or near Glasgow, and was a son of a merchant of
that city. He lost his mother at the age of fifteen or sixteen, after which
he was sent to a High School to prepare for a university course, but owing
to disagreements with his step-mother, or dislike of the school, or both, it
is said he left the coach which was to have conveyed him to the school,
after a visit home on a vacation, and took ship for America — then
about eighteen years old He met General Ruggles in Halifax, and came
with him to the County of Annapolis. He and Benjamin Fales, already
* See DesBrisay's " History of Lunenburg," p. 211, from which it would appear
that John also was born in Ireland, and therefore not a son of a wife married in
Maine.
610 STRONACH — THORNE.
noted, obtained for their three years' services to the General a deed of a
thousand acres of land (five hundred to each), on and jiear that portion of
the North Mountain which now bears his name — the Stronach Mountain.
The tract of land was divided from north to south, the east side going to
-Stronach, the west to Fales ; and the Stronach road was afterward
•constructed on the line between them. They built houses (juite near each
•other, and he married Fales' sister, Mary, and after her death, Elizabeth
O'Connor, nee Merritt. He was clever and witty, with a little eccentric-
ity, while his superior education mode him conspicuous among his fellow-
settlers. Children :
i. Rev. Ebenezer, m. Amy RandivU : Ch. : 1, Major, m. (Ist) —
Smith, (2nd) Margaret Croploy, nee Cook ; 2, Mary Amy, d.
unm. ; 3, George James, m. Maria Nichols; 4, Rachel, d. unm. ;
5, Emily, unm. ; (i, Ebenezer, m. Helen Gates ; 7, William, unm.
ii. William, m. Hepzibah Gates: Ch.: 1 (only), Asaph, m. (Ist)
Lorinda Milbury, (2nd) Mary Reagh.
iii. Nelson, ni. Margaret Fales : Ch. : 1, William Elder, in British
Columbia ; 2, Mary, m. Horatio N. Bent ; 3, Abraham B., M.D.,
m. Jessie Gates; 4, Alfred, m. (in B.C.); 5, Jane, m. John
Dunn ; 6, Spurgeon ; 7, Jacob Ruis, m. Alice Baker ; 8, Enoch J.
iv. Reis, m. Mary Reagh ; Ch. : 1, Sarah, m. William McNeill ; 2,
W. Pryor, m. Jessie Ray ; 3, Naomi, m. Johnston McNeill ;
4, George, m. Susan Margeson ; 5, Samuel, d. unm. ; 6 and 7, died
young ; 8, Julia, m. Isaac Fales.
v. Rev. Abraham, m. (Ist) Susan Reagh, (2nd) Betsey Marchant : Ch. :
1, Mary, m. (1st) Henry McMahon, (2nd) Ezra Reid ; 2, Edmund
Reis, m. Jane Robinson ; 3, Sarah, d. unm. ; 4, Lucy, m. Henry L.
Baker ; 5, Rebecca, m. Edward Eaton ; G. Rachel, m. David
Kinsman; 7, Rebecca Nelson, d. unm.; 8, lubia, m. (Ist) Pont
Stronach, (2nd) Amos Hums ; 9, Amelia, m. Charles Baker ;
10, George, m. Mary Martin ; 11, Maggie, m. James E. Newjomb ;
12, Eliza, m. James Francis.
vi. Sarah, m. William Downey,
vii. Elizabeth, m. Luther Baker,
viii. Margaret, m. William Cochran.
ix. Rachel, m. Oldham Gates.
By second wife :
X. George, m. Susan Bent: Ch.: 1, William, unm.; 2, Armanilla, d.
unm. ; 3, Inglis Charles ; 4, Susie.
Thorne. William Thorne, the common immigrant, ancestor, came
over to America as early as 1637 or 1638, and is said to have finally
settled near New York. Stephbn, b. 1720, a great-grandson of William,
through his son Joseph, and grandson Joseph, came to Nova Scotia with
the Loyalists of 1783, bringing his wife and family with him; his
youngest son being thirteen, and his eldest (by his first wife) being forty
years old. He m. (1st), in 1742, Sybil Sands, (2nd) Jane Rapalje, nee
Lefferts. Children :
1. Stephen, b. 1743, d. in New York.
(2) ii. Philip, b. 1745.
<3) iii. Edward, b. 1747.
THORNK 611
iv. Richard, b. 1749, m. a dau. of Ctd. Frederic Williiims, Dighy, and
had one son, Frkdebic Williams, who ni. Sarah Tucker. He
lived at the head of St. Mary's Bay, aoine distance south of Digby
Neck road, and left two sons and two daughters : Rkhard W., ni.
Philenda Farnhain, still living in Digby, and Frederic H'., m.
Mary Josephine VVooster, in Lower Granville ; Mary Eliza, m.
Captain John Bennet, of Digby ; Eugenia, m. Thomas Boyne, of
St. John, his 2nd wife.
By second wife :
(4) V. James, b. 17G7, m. 1792.
vi. Sybil, b. 1770, d. unm.
2. Philip Thorne was born 1745, and m. 178i, Hannah, dau. of
Jonathan Woodbury, MD. Children:
i. Joseph, b. 178(5, ni. 1808, Grace Dunn,
ii. Hannah, b. 1788, d. 1788.
iii. Jonathan Woodbury (M.D.), b. 1790, m. dau. of Snow Parker (no
issue),
iv. Stephen, b. 1792, m. and lived in N.B.
V. Bertha, b. 1794, m. William Armstrong,
vi. Sybil, b. 179G, m. .fames McGill.
vii. Richard, b. 1799, d. unm.
viii. Lydia Jane, b. 1801, m. Blackburn,
ix. Lorena, b. 1803, in. Charles White.
X. Edward Foster, b. 1804, m. Henrietta Clark : Ch. : 1, William
Henry, m. Mary Ann Andrews ; 2, Edward R., ni. Jane Cameron ;
3, Sarah, m. John Lemuel Brown ; 4, Mary Matilda, m. Henry
Andrews ; 5, John ; 6, Alma Hall,
xi. Woodbury (M.D.), b. 1808, m. 1835, Maria Sabine, dau. of John
King, R.N. ; Ch. : 1, John Crickmore, b. 1838, m. Clarinda
Clarke ; 2, Sarah, m. William Anglin ; 3, Maria, m. George
McArthur ; 4, Joseph E., m. Ann Knapp.
3. Edward Thorne, who was born in 1747, m. in 1774, Jane, dau.
of Jeronimus Rapalye. Children :
i. Edward, b. 1781, m. 1808, Catharine Bogart : Ch. : 1, Stephen
Rapalye, b. 1810, m. 1832, Maria Sands, and had only dau.,
Elizabeth Sands, b. 1833, m. G. Sydney Smith, Esq. ; 2, Abraham
Bogart, b. 1812, m. (Ist) 1836, Elizabeth Dickson, nee Sands,
(2nd) Elizabeth Kennedy,
ii. Jane, b. 1777, m. Timothy Ruggles, jun., M.P.P.
4. James Thorne, was born 1767, and married, 1792, Anna Sneden,
and had children :
i. Margaret Anna, b. 1793, m. John McCoU.
ii. Sti-phen Sneden (M.P.P.), l>. 1795, m. 1818, Mehitable Patten
Hall : Ch. : 1, James Hall, b. 1819, m. Mary Robinson, ne'e Piper;
2, Stephen, b. 1821, m. Lydia Lockhart ; 3, Havilah, b. 1823,
m. Timothy Dwight Ruggles. M.P.P., etc.; 4, Anna, b. 1826, m.
Lewis Johnston, M.D. ; another dau. m. James Alexaider James,
of New Brunswick, barrister,
lii. Jane, b. 1797, m. James Hall,
iv. James, b. 1799, d. unm.
612 THORNE — TKOOP.
V. MHry, b. 1801, m. Joseph Shaw
vi. Syliil, b. 1804, m. (Ist) Moses Hall, (2nd) Edward T. Knowles.
vii. Edward Lefl'erts, b. Sopt. 9, 1807, m, July 5, 1835, Susan Scovil,
St. John, N.B., and d. Feb. 23, 1882: Ch. : 1, Mary Lucretia,
b. April 20, 183(i ; 2, William Henry, b. Sept. 12, 1844 ; 3, Daniel
Scovil, b. Feb. 2G, 1848 ; 4, Susan Louisa, b. March 15, 1854,
m. Sept. 8, 1875, Legh Richmond HarriHon ; 6, Arthur Townshend,
b. April 19, 1859.
viii. Ricliard Ward, b. Feb. 10, 1812, m. May 4, 1842, Catherine Alder,
dau. <i Henry Hennigar, Ordnance Department: Ch. : 1, Richard
Ward, b. July 6, 1843, m. Sept. 14, 1881, Mary Ada Chapman ;
2, Stephen Sneden, b. May 11, 184H, m. Sept. 4, 1883, Alice
Bertha Lowerison ; 3, James Lefterts, b. Dec. 5, 1847, m. June 17,
1878, Amelia F. Capen ; 4. Kate Ellon, b. May 29, 1849, m. Sept.
17, 1876, Wni. H. Fleming ; 5, Anna Sybil, b. Dec. 11, 1851,
m. May 24, 1874, Robt. Chestnut, son of Henry Thome ; 0. Mary
Hennigar, b. Sept. 30, 1853, m. July 3, 1888, Edward T. C.
Knowles ; 7, Ada Louisa Sancton, b. Aug 31, 1859, m. June 7,
1881, Peter Wellington Snider ; 8, Harriet Pritchard, b. Feb. 17,
1801.
ix. Sarah Hester, b. 1810, m. Shadrach Ricketson.
X. James Townshend, b. 1815 ; m. Eliza Robblee : Ch. : 1, James H.,
m. Lydia Jane, dau. of John Wooster ; 2, Mary Emily ; 3, Anna
Sneden, m. Benj. F. Ctmgdon ; 4, Joseph Reed, m. Blanche
Pickup ; 5, Frederic Williams, m. Emma Croscup ; G, Edward
Lefferts, m. Martha Thome ; 7, Sybil, d. unm. ; 8, Stephen
Ernest.
Troop. 1. V/lentine Troop, the founder of this family, must have
been born in Germany,* for tradition affirms that the German language
was spoken in the family after his arrival here. He had been married
four years when he arrived here, and died sixteen years later. His
descendants have been not only numerous, but many of them prominent
and influential in Church and State in this and other provinces of the
Dominion. He married, 1756, Catherine Church, in Massachusetts, and
died at Granville, August 16, 1776. Children :
John, b. July, 1757.
Jacob, b. 1758.
Jennie, b. Sept., 1760.
George, b. 1762.
Elizabeth, b. 1765, m. Silvanus Wade.
Henry, b. Feb. 14, 1768.
Joseph, b. Oct. 1, 1770. m. (1st) Sarah Rice, (2nd) Frances Manning,
n^e Farnsworth : Ch. : 1, Sophia ; 2, Caroline, m. Wm. H. Morse ;
3, Elizabeth, m. Wm. H. Chipman ; 4, Tamar, m. Richard Starr;
6, Jane, ni. Winckworth Chipman ; 6, Maria ; 7, Mehitable,
m. C. C. Hamilton, M.D. ; 8, Sarah, ni. James Lockwood ; 9, a
son or dau., d. unm.
viii. Catharine, b. Sept. 30, 1772, m. Joseph Fellows,
ix. Jane, m. Spencer Barnes.
• Tradition in such matters cannot always be relied on. There was a Troop in
Barnstable, Mass., as early as 1666 ; and Valentine married in that colony, and was
not unlikely a New Englander. — [Ed.]
(2)
i.
(3)
u.
111.
(4)
IV.
v.
(5)
VI.
vn.
TROOP. 618
2. JouN Troop, b. 1757, m. 1780, Eunice Fellows (dau. of Israel).
Children :
i. Susanna, b. 1780, ni. Ezra F. Foster.
ii. John, b. 1782, in. 180C, Hannah Gesner : Ch. : 1, John, b. 1807,
d. 1823, unni ; 2, Eliza, b. 1809, m. 1829, John Wade ; 3, Fainitcha,*
b. 1812, m. 1834, Calvin Young ; 4. Sumner, b. 1816, m. Lydia
C. Kinney ; n, Maria, b. 1814, in. 1837, Edwin Morse ; 6, Joseph
Henry, b. 1819, in. Hannah Bent ; 7, Eunice Ann, b. 1822,
d. unni.
iii. Polly, b. 1784, m. Thomas Chute.
iv. Israel, b. 1786, m. Ann Millidge : Ch. : 1, Sarah Caroline, b. 1815,
m. Lawrence VVillett ; 2, Kmily, h. 1818, m. William Mills ;
3, Stephen Millidge, b. 1821, m. Sarah McCormick ; 4, Hon.
William liotsford, b. 1824, m. (1st) Susan Morehouse, me
Messenger, {'2nd) Adolia Brown, (3rd) Elizabeth Magee.
V. Jiseph, b. 1789, d. unm.
vi. Jacob, b. 1791, m. Ann Miller : Ch. : 1, Angelina, b. 1826, m. David
Harris ; 2, Thomas Williams, b. 1828, in. Catharine Troop, ne'e
Oliver ; 3, Gilbert Fowler, b. 1830, m. Annie M. Smith ;
4, Leimard, b. 1832, m. Catherine Oliver ; 5, Georgina, b. 1835,
m. Nathan Chute.
vii. Cynthia, b. 1795, m. (1st) Simcoe Willett, (2nd) Isaac Phinney.
viii. George, b. 1798, m. 1825, Susan Parker: Ch. : 1, John, b. 1826, m.
Hannah Harris ; 2, Keziah, b. 1828, m. Thomas Harris ; 3, Alfred,
b. 1831, d. unm. ; 4, Cynthia, b. 1833, in. Seth Wade ; 5, Emily,
b. 1837, m. Francis Christopher ; 6, Anna, b. 1839, m. William
Milbury ; 7, Jo.seph Edward, b. 1841, ni. Martha Bent,
ix. Eliza, b. 1802, in. (Ist) Samuel Wade, (2nd) William Young.
X. Leonard, b. 1804, d. unm.
xi. Sarah Ann, b. 1806, m. Michael Harris.
3. Jacob Troop, b. 1759, m. 1774, Anna Morse (dau. of Abner).
Children :
i. Jacob, b. 1775, d. 1803, unm.
ii. Anna, b. 1777, ni. Henry Balcom.
iii. Valentine, b. 1779, m. 1806, Tamar Bath, d. 1861 : Ch. : 1, Ann
Maria, b. 1807, m. William Bent ; 2, Jacob Valentine (M.P.P.,
New Brunswick), b. 1809, m. Catherine Fellows ; 3, Harriet, b.
1811, m. Alexander Hardwick ; 4, Silas M., b. 1814, m. Ann
Witherspoon ; 5, Alfred, b. 1816, m. (1st) Sarah Ann Mills, (2nd)
Lovicia Irvine, ne'e Marshall; 6, Israel, b. 1819, in. Adelia
Welsh; 7, Keziah B., b. 1821, unm.; 8, Stephen Bamford, b.
1824, m. Sarah Robblee.
iv. Polly, b. 1781.
V. Elizabeth, b. 1784, m. 1803, John Bath, jun.
vi. Abner, b. 1786, m. 1812, Henrietta Cooper Bath : Ch. : 1, Keziah, b.
1813 ; 2, Margaret, b. 1815, m. Charles Parker ; 3, John Bath, b.
1817, m. Susan Amelia Bent ; 4, Elizabeth, h. 1819, m. William
Witherspoon ; 5, Robert Hill, b. 1820, m. Priscilla Fowler ;
6, Valentine, b. 1822, m. Lavinia Dodge ; 7, Abner, m. Rachel
Clark ; 8, Obadiah Botsford, m. Tallias Stirck ; 9, Charles Edward,
m. Jane Willett ; 10, Eus^er^e P., m. Lydia Bent ; 11, Henrietta
Cooper, m. Lawrence Willett.
vii. Catharine, b. 1788, d. 1803.
viii. Maria, b. 1792.
ix. Phebe, b. 1798, m. 1820, John Bath, jun.
* This lady may have spoken in German to her family. — [Ed.]
614 TROOP — TUFFTS.
4. Georqk Troop, b. 1762, m. (Ist) 1787, Mercy Morse, (2nd) Margaret
Chipman. Children :
i. Valentine C, bpd. Aug. 30, 1785>, ni. 1H19, Rebecca Ansley : Ch. :
1, Rebecca, b. 1820, ni. Robert Hunter ; 2, Ozias, b. 1823, m. ;
3, Lucri'tia, b. 1825, m. George N. Rouse ; 4, Alphonso, 1). 1826.
ii. David, b. 1730, d. unm. «
iii. Abigail, b. 17i>2, d. unm.
iv. Nancy, b. 1704, m. William Elderkin.
V. Catharine, b. 1797, m. William Elderkin.
vi. Mary, b. 1800, d. 1824, unm.
vii. Abigail, b. 1799, m. — Bailey,
viii. Thomas Handley, b. 1802, d. 1832, unm.
ix. George Whitetield, b. 1804, m, Charlotte Robinson : Ch. ; 1, Emma
Charlotte, unm. ; 2, Thomas Handley, m. Anna Hamilton ; 3, Mary
Eliza, d. unm. ; 4, William Robinson, m. Alice Lockett ;
5, Augusta, m. Russell Cropley ; 0, Susan, d. unm.
X. Jacob, b. 1806, m. Mary : Ch. : 1, Alice, d. unm. ; 2, Susan,
d. unm.
xi. Charles J., b. 1809, m. Sophia Pentz : Ch. : 1, George, d. unm. ; 2,
Jacob H. ; 3, Catharine ; 4, Julia ; 5, Charles,
xii. Maria, b. 1811, m. George Oxley.
xiii. Arthur Wellington, b. 1813.
5. Henry Troop, b. 1768, ni. Mary Randall. Children :
i. Alexander Howe, m. 1817, Eunice Chipman : Ch. : 1, William
Henry (barrister), b. 1819, m. dau. of Venerable Archdeacon
Coster, Fredericton N.B. ; 2, Alexander, b. 1822, d. unm.;
3, Harriet Elizabeth, b. 1824, unm. ; 4, John George, b. 1826,
m. Miss Morrow (a leading Halifax merchnnt) ; 5, Robert Grant,
b. 1828, d. unm. ; 6, Joseph Osborne, b. 1830, d. unm. ; 7, Jared
Ingersol Chipman (barrister, M.P.P., and Speaker), b. 1834,
m. Isabel Grassie.
ii. A son or dau., d. unm.
iii. William Henry, J.P. ,m. Lucy Ann Manning : Ch. : 1, Mary Ann,
b. 1826 ; 2, Charlotte Augusta, b. 1830, m. Hon. Avard
Longley, M.P.P., M.P.
TuFPTS. The Tuffts of this and Halifax counties are descended from
Captain Peter Tuffts who came from England in 1638 to Maiden, Mass.,
through Peter,^ m. (1st) Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Layside, (2nd) Mary,
dau. of Seaborn Cotton ; Rev. John,'' of Newbury, m. (1st) Sarah, dau.
of John Bradstreet, (2nd) Elizabeth Sargent ; Rev. Joshua,^ m. Abigail,
dau. of William Ellery, and came to Cumberland, N.S., in 1762.
William Ellery Tuffts (son of Rev. Joshua), b. 1747, m. 1772,
Hannah Whitman, b. 1751. Children :
i. John Whitman, b. 1774, m. Phebe, dau. of Arthur Schofield, who
d. 1819, aged 106 : Ch. : 1, Freeman, b. 1803, d. 1841, m. Lucy
Thorpe ; 2, Mary, b. 1805, d. 1859, unm. ; 3, Orinda, b. 1806, d.
1884, unm. ; 4, Jemima, b. 1808, m. William Frye ; 5, Samuel, b.
1810, m. Louisa, dau. of Andrew Kniffen, and was the father of
Professor John Freeman Tufts, of Acadia College ; 6, Gardner,
b. 1812, m. Nancy, dau. of Alex. Wilson. John W. and his wife
both d. 1896, she aged 79, he 84.
TUFFTH — TL'I'PEK. 616
ii. Dorcas, b. 177(i, d. aged, unin.
iii. Sarah, b. 1778, in. — Beaton (achool- teacher).
iv. Suinuol, b. 17H1, d. 1808, uiiiii.
V. Phebe, b. 178.'{, lu. .Joseph Hrii^ham Balcom.
vi. Mercy, b. 1780, ni. .Foseph DaniflH, jun.
vii. Hannah, b. 1788, ni. Samuel L/uiKley.
viii. Ann, b. 1701, ni. Samuel Marshall.
ix. Jacob, b. 17!I4, d. a^ed.
TuppKR. The Tappers of Annapolis County are a branch of the
Kings County family from whom Sir Charles Tupper ia descended.
They are of English origin, but an idea prevails among some of the
family anti(iuurians that they came from Hesse Cassel to England to
escape persecution on account of their religion in 1520 or 1522, whioti
of course cannot be verified, and is probably fabulous. The Diet of
Worms met in 1521, and condemned Luther's works, but no general
persecution was instituted against those who then believed in them. The
name may be Anglo-Saxon from Topfar, or Toppher, as contrasted with
Norman English, and has probably existed in England from a very
remote era ; in some cases it may be from a Norman name Toutpert, to
which I would venture to assign the Guernsey family, which produced
Martin F. Tupper, the poet ; while Topper, in " Burke's Armory," I
should consider another form of the Saxon name. This eliminates any
idea ' «f a connection between the old Guernsey family and the English
stock which sent out this branch to America. The immigrant ancestor
came from Sandwich, in Kent, to New England, in 1635, and was one of
the founders of Sandwich, in Plymouth Colony, Mass, where he and
several of his early descendants held important offices and exercised a
great and beneficial influence in civil and religious affairs ; one or two
actively engaged in the work of evangelizing the Indians. The line
of descent was through Thomas,' Thomas,'- Eliakim,'' Emakim,* who, born
in 1711, married in 1734, removed from Lebanon, Conn, (where he had
been a representative, and had the ' titles of Captain and Deacon), to
Cornwallis, N.S., about 1760. His wife was Mary, daughter of William
Bassett, of Sandwich. He had a son Charles, who was the father of
Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D., and through him grandfather of Sir Charles
Tupper, Bart. Elisha, Miner and Asa settled at Clark's Ferry (now called
Tupperville), a mile or two eastward of Round Hill. They were sons
of Elias, a brother of Captain Eliakim, born probably 1717 (died at
Tupperville, May 14, 1800, aged 83), who married September 4th, 1740,
Jerusha Sprague, who was born 1723, and died 1795, aged 72, and had
children, besides others who probably remained in Connecticut ;
i. Elisha, b. 1763, d. 1811, m. 1792, Elizabeth Sprague : Ch. :
1, Lucy, b. 1793, m. James Carty ; 2, Ann, b. 1795, m. Stephen
Chipnian ; 3, Amy, b. 1797, m. Stephen Bent ; 4, William, b.
616 TL'PI'EK — VANBLARCOM.
17!M), III. July 10, 182:<, Elizabeth Tapper (iliiu. of Eliakini, of
Stewiiicko), ami tl May 8, 1H27, luaviniyt only ch. : Maria, h. Due.
8, 1825, III. BarKillai ForRyth ; 5, Eli/^beth.
ii. EliaH, h. 1755, d. 178«.
(2) iii. Miner, b. 1757.
iv. Asa, b. 1761», d. 1810, m. Margaret. Agar, ni'f VanHorne (b. 17ti7, <l.
1827) : Ch.: 1, Lawrence VanHorne, b. 17)W, in. 1HU>, Lucy Hent ;
2, •lerusha, b. 175'5, in. Handley Chipiiiiin Mor.ie ; '.^, Phebo, b.
17!M}, III. (l8t) Robert Fitzrandolph. (2nd) Joliii Quirk ; 4, Eliiw,
b. 17(H), in, Elizabeth Tapper (widow of his cousin Williuin), aii(l
hiidch.: 1, William, b. .Ian. 17, 1830; 2, Murqavvi, b. Fob. 11,
18:J2 ; :}, Liidiii, b. Doc. 10, ISIW ; 4, Mnnj Eliuthdh, b. Nov. 27,
18.'{t( ; 5, aUim Hennitjiir, b. June 20. 1841 ; and perhapH others.
V. Eliakini, b. 1701, in. Eii/Jibuth Nowcouib, and settled in Stewiacko.
2. MiNEK Topper was born in 1757 and died in 1805. He nmiricd
Margaret VanHorne, and liad cliildren :
i. John, b. 1791, in. April 30, 1812, Elizabeth Longley, and d. July
30, 1840: Ch.: 1, Susan Ann, b. Feb. Hi, 1813, ni. Henry
Randall ; 2, Israel, b, 1816, d. unm. ; 3, Miner, b. J.in. .'JO, 1817,
m. Feb. 1, 1842, Eliaibeth Ann Winchester ; 4, Mary Eliza, b.
Sept. 10, 1821, m. Peter McKay : 6, Mayhew, b. Aj)iil 1, 1824,
d. 1827 ; (■>, Harriet Lovicia, b. March 8, 1826, in. Edward C,
Hon of Benjamin Foster ; 7, Elviiia, b. March 11, 1830.
ii. Mary, ni. Henry Gates, M.P.P. (his Ist wife).
iii. Dorothy, in. Feb. 11, 1813, James Rice.
iv. Jerusha, ni. Hira Tapper.
Eliakim Tapper, late M.P.P. for Digby, was son of David and grand-
son of Eliakim, who, the deceased gentleman always claimed, was a
brother of the grandfather of Sir Charles Tapper, and therefore son of
Capt. Eliakim.
VanBlarcom. The VanBlarcoras of thi.s county are no doubt
descended from Johannes VanBlarcom, wIjo emigrated from Holland,
and settled at Hoboken, New Jersey, about 1623. Blarcora is the
name of a community settled near Rotterdam, Holland. Peter Van-
Blarcom came to Shelburne, N.S., among the Loyalists of 1783. I
cannot trace the Alfred who is mentioned in the capitation tax list of
1792, but the author gives us an Anthony VanBlarcom, who married
Rosanna Wade, and had children :
i. John, m. .Tane Eagleson (no issue),
ii. Joseph, d. unm.
iii. Elizabeth, m. James Webber.
iv. Martin, m. Sarah Leonard, and had ch.: 1, James, m. (1st) Eunice
Jones, (2nd) Lydia (no issue) ; 2, Eliza, m. Ritson Longmire ;
3, Seth, m. Mary Jane Powell ; 4, Benjamin, m. Catharine
Nickerson, formerly M.P.P. and Sheriff of Digby ; 5, Mary Ann,
m. Hiram Young ; 6, Harriet, m. Thomas Baxter ; 7, Phebe, m.
Isaac Young; 8, John, in U.S.A.; 9, Joseph, m. Henrietta
Young ; 10, Zebediah, m. Eliza Eagleson ; 11, Hiram, unm.
VANHUSKIRK. 617
VanBuhkiiik. Tli« iiniui>{raiit uncpstor of tho VanfJuskirks came to
New Amsterdam, now New York, amoii},' the early .st^ttlers from Holland,
but accordinji! to the "Chute (ienealogies," was a native of Denmark, \>y
name Lawrence Andersen, to which Vanlloskirck was added hy way of
some distinction, "Van" being the Dutch e(|uivalent for tho French ife,
"of"; as, Lawrence Anderson, "of Boskirck. " About 1660 ho settled
at Bergen County, New .lersey, was an al>lo man, advocate and judge; he
had a son Lawrens, born about 1663, married Hendiicke van der Lindu or
Van Derlinde, and was a member of the Assembly. He had in turn a
son Lawrens, who died 1774. By his wife Eva the last named had two
sons, John and Akhaiiam ; John had a son LAWKKNCt: and a son
AiiRAiiAM. Tho latter, born about 1740, was Colonel of the 4tli battalion
N. J. Ix)yal Volunteers, and settled at Shelburne, N.S., and his son Jacob
had a daughter Sarah, who was the mother of the late Thomas V^an Bus-
kirk Bingay, of Yarmouth, barrister. Lawrence, born 1729, in Hacken-
sack, Bergen County, N.J., was a captain in the King's Orange Rangers;
came to St. John in 1783, and lived afterwards in Kentville and Ayles-
ford, dying at the latter place in 1803. He married Jannetje
VanBuskirk, a cousin, daughter of Abraham, his father's brother. His
sons John, Gaurktt, and Hknky were grantees in Aylesford and Wilmot,
and the sons of John remained in this county. Children :
i. A])rHhiini, b. about 1750, was of the King's Orange Rangers in
17H2, Ml. Ann Corson, came to Nova Scotia, but later returned
and lived at Athens on the Hudson, and .d. at New York about
1^20, leaving sons and daughters.
ii. Thomas, 1). 1752, also a Loyalist otticor, came to Nova Scotia, but
leturned to the I'nited States.
iii. John, b. 1764, m. Catharine : Ch. : 1, Charles, m. Oarritie
Vrooni ; 2, Lawrence, in. Mary Bryiiier ; 3, Jeremiah, m.
Mehitable Welton ; 4, Mary, m. Francis Smith ; 5, lOllen, in.
Nathaniel Morgan ; 6, Dorothea, m. (•st) Martin Ryerson, (2iid)
Thomas Welton.
iv. Garrett, h. 1750, in. Elizabeth Potts, step-dnu. of Capt. Oldham
Gates : Ch. : 1, Lawrence, b. 1780, m. (Ist) VanHorne, (2nd)
VanBuskirk ; 2, John Oldnock, b. 1782, m. Elizabeth West ; 3,
Dorothy, b. 1784, m. Ezekiel Brown ; 4, Ann, b. 1786. m.
Thomas Gates ; 5, Samuel, b. 1788, m. Alary, dau. of Paul
Crocker ; 6, Catharine, h. 1790, m. Edwin, son of John Morgan ;
7, Jemima, b. 17^2, m. Martin Ryerson ; 8, Abram, b. Sept. 5,
1794, d. young ; 9, Henry, b. June 13, 1797, m. Ruth, dau. of
John Morgan; 10, Nelson, b. June 13, 1799, m. Betsey Chute ;
11, Charles, b. April 2, 1804, m. Rebecca, dau. of Wells and
Abba Congdon.
V. Jemima, b. 17C1, m. Simeon Ryerson.
vi. Theodosia, m. James Harris.
vii. Henry, b. 1767, m. (Ist) Isabella Donkin, (2nd) Nancy Potter : Ch.:
1, William Henry, b. May 1, 1798, m. Elizabeth Watson ; 2, Dr.
Lawrence E., b. Nov. 6, 1799, m. Mary E. Hanley, d. 1867 at
Halifax ; 3, Elizabeth, b. Jan. 14, 1802 ; 4, Dr. Robert, b. March
13, 1804, 111. .\nn, dau. of James R. De Wolfe ; he died soon, and
she married ReV. W. H. Snyder ; 5, Dr. George Pitt, b. April 16,
()18 VAXhtsKlllK— Vimro — V»(H»M.
imi 111. Margurut Koid ; •;, Clmrl..(tu, l> Juno U, IH08, ni.
TlioiimH Sj)iiir, liridgutnwii, <1. 1857 ; 7, Aliniliiiiii. Ii, •Ihii. 4,
IKll, III. Klixa ilatrU, d. lH((r> ; K, Dr. IiikHh, I>. .Viiril 0, IHl.'i.
III. Eliza, dau. of .laiiiei HarsB ; )>, JamuH Uoiikin, b. May 4, IHKi,
III. Catharinu, siiittir of Kuv. H. L. Owen.
ViDlTo. This family is probably of ffuguvnot origin, but whence
they caino directly to tluH province I (iiid no record. John Vidito,
residing at Annapolis, died December, 18'J0, aged 9.'1, and therefore was
born in 1727. He may have been father of JrsTUs, who had children :
i. JosHo, III. Isabel Fisher: Ch. : 1, John, in. .\iin Daley ; 2, William.
III. Mary Mai'Hliall ; M. Ruv. Natiiuiiiel, iii. Caroline Miinroe ; 4,
Parker, ni. Mary H. Dunn ; 5, Rev. Silas, iii. EU'anor MclJregor ;
(i, James, in. Hannah ISaunders ; 7. Uubeuca, in. Gideon Clark ;
8, Husaii, m. David Ward ; 0, Caroline, in. (ieorgu Marshall ; 10,
Mary, ni. Oliver Marshall. *
ii. .Tacob, m. Elixa Feoplea.
iii. Pliebe, in. Thomas Stacey.
iv. Charlotte, in. Stephen Jett'erson.
And probably others.
Vroom. Counkms' Piktkrsk Vroom settled in New Amsterdam, now
New York, some time previous to 1645. He had three sons — 1, Cornelius
Corsaen Vroom ; 2, Peter Corssen Vroom ; .'$, Hendrick'-' Corssen Vroom,
born 1653. The latter had six children — Cornelius, Judith, Kacliel,
Hendrick,' Alfred, and Katryna. The sen Hendrick' was born in 1683,
and had sons Hendrick,* (jieorge, Jolin and Peter. The eldest son Hen-
drick* had children — Peter,'' John,'^ Ueorge, Hendrick, Janitie, Sintie,
Catherine and Lemmettie. The two eldest sons Peter^' and John* were
the Loyalists who came to Nova Scotia. Their brothers (Jeorge and
Hendrick were among the New Jersey men in the Revolutionary forces.
Peter' D. Vroom was a colonel in the Revolutionary army, being a son
of George Vroom, the uncle of the four brothers just mentioned, and
therefore first cousin to the I^oyalists, Peter and John. This Col. Peter
D. Vroom was the father of the late Hon. Peter" D. Vroom, for some
years Governor of New Jersey, and also U. S. Minister to Prussia. The
Hon. G. D, W.' Vroom, of Trenton, N.J., and Peter^ D. Vroom, Lieut.-
Col. and Inspector-General of the U. S. array, are sons of the late
Governor Vroom.
In 1776 Peter Vroom, evidently the one who subsequently came to
Nova Scotia, was arrested and brought before the Hillsborough Commit-
tee in New Jersey on a charge of "disloyalty." After being several times
before the committee he was committed to gaol. On the 2nd of Febru-
ary, 1776, he was taken from Millstone gaol by Capt. Peter D. Vroom,
by order of the committee, and brought before the Provincial Congress of
New Jersey, at New Brunswick, N.J. The following is from the Minutes
of the Congress :
VltooM. (II!)
" Tlio |iruc(>(!<liiigH of th(^ Coiniiiittou i>t' HilUI>or<)Ugli, in the County ut'
Soinei-mft, aj^iiinHt Pi!t«'r Vrooin ut' I'isciitiiway, in th« County of Midtlln-
Hex, ))eing transnuttcd to thin CongroHH iind rtiiul, ordered that the cliiirgo
agiiiiiHt Hiiid V'rooiu hu now conHJdered.
" Pi't«'r Vntoni l'»iini{ ordertMl to b« l»rought Wfore thin CungnwH
Htt«nded accordingly, and the pruccedingH of the (.'uuunittee of Hilln-
burough were reacJ in tin- presence of Haid Vroom, who confeHMed the
charge therein exhibited, and having offered matter in mitigation was
ordered to withdraw.
" JiiiMo/veil, — -That the determination of the charge exhibited against
Peter Vroom be deterred to some future day in the present session, and
that in the meantime he be committed Ut the connnon gaol of the County
of HomcMW^t, the keeper of which is hereby required to receive and keep
him in close confinement until this Congress take further order therein."
Further record says: "On application of Peter TenEick, in favour of
Peter Vioom, and from the family circumstances of said Vroom, it. is
resolved, that the former order of commitment be re8cind<<l, and that the
aforesaid Peter V^rooin be committed to the custody of Captain Peter
Ten Kick, who has pledged his parole of honour to bring said Vroom before
the Congress whenever recpiiied."
Further, under date March 1, 1776: "The Congress having resumed
the consideration of the charges exhibited against Peter Vrwjm,
Kesol red,— TUiit said Peter V^room pay the costs of the present prose-
cution, to be taxed by the Township Committee of Piscataway, and give
obligation with surety, i,v» the Chairman of said Committee in the sum of
150 ptmnds for his good behaviour in future ; and that he yield up to .said
Chairman all his arms and weapons of defence, to remain in custody of
said Chairman until the said Committee shall deem it proper to
re-fleliver them ; and on non-compliance herewith, that said Vroom be
re-committed to the keeper of the common gaol of the County of Middle-
sex, V ao is hereby ordered to keep him in close confinement during such
non-compl iance. "
John Vroom married, 1781, Jane Ditmars, and had children :
i. Henry, b. 1782. ni. 1808, Abigail Ditmars: Ch. : 1, Jane, b. 1809, ni.
Calvin VVheelock ; 2, John Ditmars, h. 1811, ni. Catharine Jones ;
S, Jeremiah, b. 1817, m. ; 4, Harriet, h. 1813, m. Calvin
Wheelock ; 5, Adolphus Wesley, b. 1815 ; 0, Mary Magdalene, b.
1813, 111. Thomas Jones ; 9, 7, Avard, b. 1822, in. Eliza Chesley ;
8, George Henry, b. 1824 ; Cornelius Hennigar, b. 1825, m. —
Pearce.
ii. George, b. 1784, in. 1805, Mary Amberman : Ch. : 1, Sarah Ann, b.
180t), ni. Samuel Purdy ; 2, Henry Fowler, b. 1807, m. 1829,
Elizabeth Purdy ; 3, John, b. 1809 ; 4, George, h. 1811, m. Sarah
VanBuskirk ; 5, William, b. 1813, in. Frances Eliza, dau. of Ezra
F. Foster, and was father of Rev. Professor Vroom, now of
(i'iO VIlooM— WAI»K.
Kiiiu'n (*(illu.;«<, WiiiilNdi' ; )), Kiixlxrii- I.. K., Ii. IHl.'t, m. Kiiiiirtt,
ilikii. iif K/i'ii F. I*')mtiir, ikinl WHM fntluT of H'm. I'l. I'lniim, imw
II li'iiiliiiK Nt. .IdIiii iiii'i'cliuht : 7. •Ihiiicn, Ii, 1HI7, III. Kllcn
KiiriiM : H, Uimr, li. |H|<,»; 0, Kilwin, l>. IH'.'I, m. HuKart ; 10,
('iii'iilinii W'iiimI, Ii. IH'SA, m. I'lirilnn SitiiiU>rN
* iii. Imhiu', Ii. I7H)i, mi. IHI7, .Mikiy S|iiiri' (iluu. of .Slii|i|itty): Ch. : I,
llulliti .liihi-, Ii IHIH, III. (JMti .liihii Ho^urt. (L'ihI) Nt*<|iliiin
(^iitiruiui ; 2, l.otiriii Aim, li. IH'.'I, in. Wjlliuin Vuinliiim .IniMm ;
.'<. .liihii, Ii. IM'.'.'t, Ml. (IhI) Kli/,ii Stiirriitt, CJ) Scrii|ili IViirco ; 4,
('iiriijiiiu, Ii. IH'.Vi, III. |)iiiiw .liiiitm ; 5, iMurKitritt Kli/iiliiitii, li.
IH',i7, III. Ili'iny Kuwlcr IIiiiiih ; tl, Ismic DitiimiN, li. IMiill, m.
(iHt) Muiy .\nii Hull, (-'nil) Si'nt|iliiiiii piiinuiH; 7, Ailiurt I).,
Ii. IK'tl, III. (!|iiirli>Ui) .Moi'hL- ; H, Wiliiikiii \' hirs, li. !».'(;(, in.
Mitry Ann Wnndniiui ; !>, Ktlialinu Sii|iliiH, li. iHilfi, in. (IhI)
.litnii'N .liini'N, ('.'ml; Williitin AinliTHtin.
iv. Cluirity, l». I7HH, ni. ClmrlnH ViuiliiiMkirk.
V. Siimli, Ii. I71MI, III. Sinioii I'urdy.
Wai>k. Tliis fiiinily is (It'scciuli'd from Jon.xtii.vn W.mik, wlio finij^riitt'd
in lO.'JU (aocnnliii;^ to "Siiva^jc'.s (icin'iiloj^ical Pictioniiry ") from I)('nv(>r,
County of Norfolk, on West Hiiic, one niili< fioiii Downliiiin >l.irk«it, and
Pruthujue, hin wifo. HiH widow, Iiowovjt, whh nanxMl SuManna, but h« may
have Itt'on twicn mariit'd, or l'rud((n(;<! may Ih* a ii'''^^tak»'. lie certainly
had adau^htt-r I'ruditncf. Il<^ wa.s a man of suUstancc, al)ility and itilhi-
ence, rcpn'.sentative to the (Jviieral Court; a int>rcliaiit, siit down first at
CharlBston, hut removed to Ipswieli. .Ioiin, prohahly his j^reat grandson,
in I73H, then carryiti}^ on a cariia;,'!' and c^haii' manufaetory, thirty-tliree
years old, raised a com|iany of troops to aid in tlie caiiture of Louishurg,
und after that was aooomjilished Ik^ went with it to CJU(!)h>(;. In this com-
pany, which participated in the batth^on the Plains of Ahrahaiii, was liis
apprentice, Samuel IJt^nt, already sjioken of. He came to Granville in
17<)0, after wintering,' in Halifax, and his wife and children, accompanied
by her father and brother (James Arbuckl(% .siniior and junior, who died
soon after their arrival), came in 17^1. He settled on lot No. 76, on
which Home of his d<!.scendants now resside. He was commissioned captain
of militia in 176."$, and was also a hij^hly respected and ellicient .Justice of
the Peace. The first turning lathe us(h1 in the county was intr(j<luc«fd by
him anfl employed in his chair factory, which was also the first one in
the valley, and for over half a century the only one. He has respectable
and worthy descendants in almost every honourable industrial pursuit and
in all the professions. A great-yrandson, John Chipman Wade, repre-
setited Digby County many years, during four of which he was Speaker.
Afterwards he was in the Dominion Parliament. He married Sarah
Arbuckle, of Massachusetts, and died 1813. Children:
i. Daniel, m. (1st) 1776, Mary Starratt, (2n(l) Elizabeth Fletchor, n/e
Withorspoon : Ch. : I, Hannah, b. 177(», tl. 177<> ; 2, Mary, h.
1778, m. Job Young, jun.; ■'?, Elizabeth, b. 1780, ni. Charles
Bent ; 4, Hunnuh, b. 17B1, m. Abraham Yuung ; 5, Susan, b.
WADK. 6S1
IVH:i, III. Airliiliiilil Miiri'iHoii ; it, ItdHiinnii, h. I7H4 in. Kilwiml
CiiviMl ; Miy L'ml \vif«i:7, 'rimiiiim, li ITM.'i, tii. IH(>7 «'liiisiiii»
MorriNoii, IiimU!|i. I, H'tllimn H,hni,<l, ti. IHIU, <l IKV.I, luiin.;
2, lii'tnijinn, \>. IHI'J. <|. iiiiiii.; :i, Hhirn, It. IN III, in. LiA'dho
Htint ; 4, Jiiliii Moiiimm, U. IHIH, in. .Iiiliii Ann Millt^r ; n,
Ciilfninni A., I.. IM2I. (I. IIIIIII.; H, Man/ I'Jm'liiir, \, IM-JII, m.
<iilli«irt Hyiii'Niiii ; 7. i'litlinlin- Ailflin, li. |H;t7, li. luiin.
(2) ii SylvHiiiiH.
iii. .Ii>s<!|ili, III. I7HU, Siiriili rattuii (ilaii. <>f ,li>m<|ili, M.IM'.): Oh.: I,
I'liltoii, li. I7H!I, ni. Smith, hihI Ntittltid in h iliHirict on ihu St.
•Iiihn ItiviM', loft II Hiin ^N'illiHin, iinil ii iliiii. in. linir^^t! ItoiKty, of
(friinvillc ; 'J, .loHuph, l>. I7!ll, il. unin. ; .'I, Siinth, d. iiiiiii. ; 4,
• lohii. III. ; o, Siiiiiintl, in.
iv. Iluiiiiuli, III. Jitintih Mitcgrtigor.
(•')) V. •lolin, Jim,
12. Syi.vancm W'akk iiiiirtii'il Kli/iilxtlh Tiim*|i, ami liiid cliihlron :
i. Juhii, III. (Ut) IHl'.', Ilikiritit ('lii|iiiiiiii, (2iiil) Oliviu ('hi|iiimii : <,'h.:
1, Aiini.', li. iHl.t. III. I'cUir Mi-Niili ; '-'. Ilurricl, l>. IHIn. m.
Wiilt.ir Witlii^iM ; .'t, .Ioiin Ciiii-man, li IHI7. il, !«!»'-', m. ('iirolino.
(lull, of Hvv. |{()i.(rr N'intH, jiiii.; (Iiy 'Jiiil w.): 4, ('hiirlottu, d, iinni.
ii. .loMtiph, III. (Ut) I'mdoiifti I'ortur, ('-'iidj Mary Ititndiill, (.'trd) Nancy
I'lirkoi' (no iHHiic), d. IISH7, HKud 101, iv wull-|iii)Mt)rvud ceiitttiiiki'iiin.
iii. (ii<or;{u, III. IHII, Kli/iilM'th Whtudock : < h : I, (iilhurt. Ii. IHII, m.
IH.'tr>, Hiichol lliillidity ; 1.', I'holiu, l>. IHI;<, d. iiiiiii. ; .'<, Joot'ph
(Miui-i'liiil, III. IH:<H, Nancy Hoiit ; 4, lUiniuinin, h. IHI7. in. Ann
Tiiii|iatiy ; 5. SylvaiiiiN, l> IH!1>, in. Ann Yoiiiik ; *i, (iuor^c, It.
IH21. III. Fii-<;l..vo Ci.n«doii ; 7, Aliol, 1.. IM2H, m. William Youiik ;
8, Mary Kli/aliotli, li. 1825, m, .lohii J'oni^don ; !>, fjiicrotia, l>.
im:{4.
iv. JanutH, m. IMiebo flail : (Jh. ; I, llarriut, m. Saninol Bath ; 2,
.lainos. III. A^'iioH .lonuN, of MarHhalltown ; .'<, Kli/.aliuth. in. .Iiihn
K. Hath ; 4, SainiittI, in. (Ut) MiHH Harnahy, of Digliy, ('Jnd)
Klixalutth KIIn, of WoodHtouk ; 5, David, iiniii.; *>, TliomaN, d.
iiiim. ; 7, Cliarhm, d. iiiiin. ; 8, WoHton, d. iinin.
V. Catharino. in. David (lall
vi. .lol), in. (iHt) 1820, Hannah VVithorHpocMi, (2nd) Mary Harvey : Ch.:
1, Joseph, h. 18.'tO, m. (Ut) liikvinia I'arker, (2iid) Aliigail Mofho ;
2, Hannah Olivia, li. 18:{2, d. 18:{;{ ; 3, Hannah Olivia, d. uniii.; 4,.
Annie FIIi/.aliuth, li. 18.'M(, in. Hunry Allen ; 5, Noriuan, I). 18;<8,
d. uiiin. ; H, Jane, h. 1840, m. Klienu/.er Bent ; 7, ('atharine, li.
1842, III. John Honey ; 8, Ellen, 1.. 1844, d. unin.; », John, h.
184G, III. Kiniiia Lang ; 10, Alfred, in. Mary Trofry ; 11, Fi.kti^iirr
B., Barrister, Q.C., uf Bridgewater.
3. John Wade, Jun., married 1789, Phebe Leonard, died 1811,
Children :
i. Seth, 1>. 1790, in. 1814, Maria McCormick : Ch. • 1, Mary, ni. Thomas
Miller ; 2, William, m. Irene Nicholls ; 3, .lane, in. (Ut) — Bailey,
(2nd) William Letteney ; 4, Stephen, d. unin. ; 5, Ann, d. 1855,
m. Holoiiiun Markfiall ; 6, Daniel, d. unm.; 7, Hannah M., m.
Amos Allen,
ii. Samuel, l>. 1791, m. 1821, Eli^a Troop : Oh. : 1. Sarah Ann, b. 1823,
m. Walter Willett Wade ; 2, Euiiia, b. 1825, in. Charles Young;
3, Seth, b. 1828, m. Cynthia Troop ; 4. Cynthia, b. 1830, m.
Stephen Bent ; 5, Leonard, b. 1832, unm.; (i, Henry, b. 1834, m.
622 WAKK— WALKKll — VVELTON.
Hitniiah Hariling ; 7, Kohert, in. Aniiti Siimh (lullis ; 8, Isriiul
T., J). 18;J7. 111. Li/.ziii McKuown ; !>, Kiiiily, in. John Hiitcliin.son.
iii. Willmm, h. 17i».'<, in. (iHt 1820, Miirj^mot VVillott. (2iul) Miuiii
Mcl'urinick : Cli. : 1, Mrtry, 1>. 1821, <1. uniii.; 2, Waltor Willett,
h. 1822, III. Simvli Ann VViido ; ',i, Kdinund, I). 1825, in. Miss
Douglas ; 4, Doliorah, h. 1828, uiiiii.; 5, Isaac, li. 18.'U), d. uiiin. ;
H. Hunuier, b. 1832, in. Ann Juhnsoii ; 7, Aliigail, I). 18:i5, in.
ItiiMby OatuH ; 8, Eli/.ii, in. /ubulon IMakesley ; !), Margaret, in.
Prior Saiidford ; 10, NVtIliani, in. (no issue).
iv. Ann, b. 17i't>, in. William Youny.
V. Sarah, b. 17'*7, in. Henry Milbury.
vi. John, b. 1801. d. Oct. !>, 1880, m. 1829, Eliza Troop: Ch.: 1.
Cnrulino, b. I8;{(), d uiiin.; 2, Henrietta, b. 18;{2, in. Andrew
Mack; 3, Muria, b. 1837, unni.; 4, Eliza, b 18.{!>, uiiin. ; 5, John,
b. 1842, d. uiini. ; (i. .Vlice. b. 184r>, in. N. K. Cleiiionts, Yar-
mouth; 7, Charles,!). 1848, unin. ; 8, Caroline 0., b. 1854, d. unin.
vii. Su.san, b. ]80lt, iii. .Foseph Osinger.
viii. Leonard, in. Maria McCormick, and had Rev. John Moork Camv-
BELL VVauk, Rector of Aylesford, and others.
Walker. (Seo memoir of Thomas Walker, M.P.P., p. .'597.)
Robert Walker, ancestor of one family of that name, was liore early
in the last century, probably in some branch of the military service, as
few settlers came here prior to 1760, except those so employed. He
married twice, his second wife being a widow James. Children by first
wife :
i. Robert, d. (probab'y killed by Indians).
ii. Andrew, b. 1757, m. 177!>, Mary Clarke, b. 17(il, d. 1835: Ch.: 1,
Andrew, b. 1780, m. Faniitciia (iie8ner(no issue) ; 2, Ann, b. 1782,
d. 18«7 unin. ; 3, Mary, bpd. Dec. .3, 1789, ni. (Ist) James Chesley,
(2nd) Klias or William Burbidge ; 4, William, m. Ann Phinney ;
5, Thomas Cranville, b. 1780, in. Charlotte Clark ; <>, Adolplius,
m. Susanna Roberts ; 7, Elizabeth, d. unin. ; 8, Helen, d. unm.
iii. Margaret, b. 1769, in. Peleg Little,
iv. Anna, b. 17(iO, m. Asahel Dodge,
v. Sarah, b. 17^3, in. James Delap.
Welton. Ezekiel Welton, a Loyalist, I believe, was born in 174.5,
died in 1839, married (1st) , (2nd) Mary Nichols, iiee Richards.
Children :
i. Cephas, m. 1794, Lucy Parker, and had ch. : 1, Mary, b. 1796, d.
1797 ; 2, Allan, b. 1797, d. 1816 ; 3, Sidney, b. 1800, m. Isabel
Morse ; 4, Walter, b. 1802, d. 1805 ; 6, Eric, b. 1804, m. 1827,
Mary Spinney (no issue) ; H, William, b. 1808, d. 1832, in. Louisa
Willett ; 7, Walter, b. 1809, m. Mary Helen Dodge (no issue) ;
8, Parker, b. 1812, m. (Ist) Mary Neily, (2nd) Charlotte Ward ;
9, Lucy Ann, b. 1816, m. Jacob Neily.
ii. Eric, m. Elizabeth Smith (probably dau. of Jonathan) : Ch. : 1,
Frank, m. ; 2, Thomas, m. 1821, Dorothy Ryerson, ne'e Van-
Buskirk ; 3, Gilbert, m. ; 4, Ezekiel, m. Sarah Barton ; 6,
Jonath' .1, m. Margaret Grant ; d, Cephas, m. ; 7, Austin, m.
Helnn Neily ; 8, Mehitable, m. Jeremiah VaiiBuskirk ; 9, Mary,
d. unm. ; 10, Mercy, m. Isaac Roach ; 11, Emily, m. Edward Dean ;
12, Ann, m. Archibald Lamb ; 13, Julia, m. Thomas Brennan ;
14, Rachel, m. John Ward.
WHEELOCK. 623
WitKELorK. Hev, Ram'II Wheelook, called the founder of Medfield,
Mass., was burn in .Shropshire, England, 1(500, educated at Clare Hall,
University of Cambridge (B.A. lfi2G, M.A., 1(531), a learned and able
Nonconformist divine, came to Massachusetts in 1637, and held some civil
ortices in Dedhani, Mendon and MedHeld; built in Medfield 1(551-52, and
died there in 1G83. His great-grandson Ouadiah,* through Uenjamin'^
(who in 1G68 marrieil Klizabeth, daughter of Samuel BuUen), Obadiah,''
born 1685 (married, 1708, Klizabeth Darling, and was a man of note in
lleholjoth and Milford), was born in 1712, and married in 1733, Martha,
daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Lovett) Sumner, and had children :
i. Zippcinih, h. May 12, 1734.
ii. Martliii, I). March 17, 173(5.
(2) iii. Obadiah, b. July 7, 1738.
iv. Joseph, b. July 17, 1740, in. (Ist) Nov. 5, 17(5!>, Deborah, dau.
of Jonas and Thiuikful Farnsworth, (2na) June 1(5, 1795, Sybil
Tarbell, of (Jroton, Mass., and liad ch. (by 2nd wife): 1, Welcome,
b. June 23, 17iM), in. Mary Eliza Andrews, and was High Sheriti'
many years ; 2, Joseph, b. 175)8, m. (1st) 1824, Mercy Whitman,
(2nd) Hannah Whitman ; 3, Amariah, b. 18^0, d. 1821 ; 4, Azubah,
b. 1803, 111. 1848, David, son of Oliver Foster; 5, Tarbell, m.
Mary Fisher (dau. of George Easson) ; (5, Sybil, b. 1808, d.
young ; 7, Rev. Jesse, Methodist minister, b. 1811, d. 1841.
V. Elias, h. April 17, 1743, m. Sarah, dau. of Beriah Rice, lived at
Nictaux, and had ch. : 1, Abigail, m. Michael Mai tin, d. 185')-
2, Sophia, in. Lt.-Col. James Eager; 3, Ward, ni. 1804, Aziibali
(iates, 9 ch. ; 4, Elias, in. Mary Hook (?), d. in England ; 5,
Sumner, m. 1815, Mary Willett ; 0, Sarah, m. Elkanah M rfcon.
J.C.P.; 7, Charles, b. June 17, 1791, m. Hannah E. Bcltzoi,
(5 ch. ; 8, Amoret, m. Samuel Morse ; 9, Betsey, d. unm.
vi. Abigail, b. Ajiril 24, 174(5, m. — Monlton.
vi4. Jesse, b. Oct. 2, 1748, m. Abigail Lovitt, and lived in Maine ; 6 ch.
viii. Amariah, b. Sept. 18, 1752.
2. Obadiah Wheelock was born July 7, 1738, at Mendon, Worcester
County, Mass., and married, in Nova Scotia, Rachel, daughter of Beriah
Rice. (See memoir, page 333.) He had children :
i. Asaph, m. 1797, Mary Church : Ch.: 1, Harriet, m. William, son
of Thomas W. Banks ; 2, Th(.ma8 C. (J.P.), b. Jan., 1799, still
living, m. Caroline Wheelock ; 3, Jesse Hoyt, b. 18()0, in. ,
(in Mexico) ; 4, Edmund Morton, b. 1803, m. Mary Brine ; 5,
Hannah Rachel, b. 1805, in. William Foster ; 6, Obadiah, b.
1807, d unm. in California ; 7, Constant, b. 1809, m. — Mess-
enger ; 8, Mary, b. 1812, m. William Miller ; 9, Sarah, b. 1814,
m. Samuel T. Neily.
ii. Lucy, m. Elkanah Morton, J.C.P.
iii. Calvin, m. Mary Pennall.
iv. Mary, m. Walter Willett.
v. Samuel, m. .
vi. Irene, m. Jesse Hoyt.
vii. Americus.
Another branch of the Wheelock family settled in Wilmot. Abel
Wheelock was a son of Joseph Wheelock and Abigail, his wife ;
624 WHEELOCK — WHITMAN.
grandson of Gershom Wiieelock and Hannah, daughter of John Sto«lder ;
and great-grandson of Rev. Ralph Wheelock. Abel was thus a second
cousin of the Obadiah^ whose record precedes this, and his children were
third cousins of Obadiah, M.P.P., and his brothers. He married in
1764, Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Foster, and lived in Granville.
Children :
i. Benjamin, b. Jan. 2(5, 170"', ni. 17!K), Elizabeth, dau. of John
Jacques, and lived in Granville ; Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. March 28,
1791, m. George Wade ; 2, Sarah, b. niH, m. Abner Foster ; 3,
Abel, b. Aug. 27, 17i)7, ni. Elizabeth Ann, dau. of Ezekiel Foster,
jun.; 4, Mary, b. Aug. 7, 1799, in. Thouias, son of Ezekiel Foster,
jun. ; 5, William K.. b. Sept. 14, 1804.
ii. Joseph, b. July 7. 1767, d. young.
iii. John, b. April, 17()», m. (Ist) 1792, Mary Gilliatt (dau. of William
and Rebecca), (2ud) Mittie, dau. of Major Nathaniel Parker, and
lived at Torbrook, Wilmot ; Ch. : 1, Abel, b. 1793, m. Jane, dau.
of Joseph Foster ; 2, Ann, b. 1794, m. John Hoffman ; 3, Rebecca,
b. Sept. 10, 1796, m. Guy Carleton Payson ; 4, Mary, b. 1799, m.
Peter, son of Obadiah and Hannah Morse.
iv. Sarah, b. Feb. 24, 1771. m. Thomas Wheeler Banks.
V. Samuel, b. Jan. 6, 1773, m. Mary, dau. of Walter Wilkins, lived at
Torbrook : Ch. : 1, Joseph, b. 1807, m. Sarah, dau. of John
Hoffman ; 2, Benjamin, b. 1809, m. Sophia, dau. of Thomas W.
Banks ; 3, Sarah, b. 1811, d. 1815 ; 4, Walter, b. April 1, 1813,
m. Mary, dau. of Silas Gates ; 5, James, b. 1815, m. (Ist) Henri-
etta Smith, (2nd) Lydia Crisp, ne'e Palfrey ; 6, William, b. 1817,
m. Love, dau. of Samuel Roberts ; 7, Wesley, b. 1819, m. Mary
Jane Masters (dau. of Rev. Ezekiel) ; 8, Rev. George Whitefield,
b. 1822 (Methodist), d. unm. ; 9, Anthony, b. 1824 ; 10, Samuel,
b. 1826, d. soon ; 11, Samuel, b. Dec. 24, 1828, m. June 24, 1858,
Maggie, dau. of Jacob Gates ; 12, Rev. John, b. 1831 (Baptist), d.
1865.
vi. Elizabeth, b. 1775, m. Major Ezekiel Cleveland, jun.
vii. Abel, b. April 23, 1777, m. Nov. 20, 1801, Parney, dau. of Major
Nathaniel Parker : Ch. : 1, Samuel, b. Feb. 20, 1803, m.
Eliza Ann Berteaux ; 2, Lucinda, b. Sept. 22, 1804 ; 3, Olive,
b. Dec. 24, 1806, m. 1827, Robert Berteaux ; 4, Parney, b. Jan.
20, 1808, m. James Berteaux ; 6, John, b. July 28, 1811, m.
Emily J. Dodge ; 0, Abel Maynard, b. Dec. 23, 1813, m. (1st) Eliza,
dau. of Walter Wilkins, (2nd) Elizabeth Cutten, wid. of Benaiah
Morse ; 7, Letitia, b. .July 15, 1816, m. James Spinney ; 8, Mittie,
b. July 15, 1816, m. James P. Wiswall ; 9, Ezekiel Cleveland,
b. Oct. 3, 1818, m. Amy Elizabeth, dau. of Charles Dodge,
viii. Abigail, b. 1779, m. Samuel Felch.
ix. Oliver, d. young.
Whitman. Joun Whitman came from (see "Whitman Genealogy," by
Farnham) Holt, or Coventry, or perhaps some part of Hertfordshire* to
Weymouth, twelve miles south of Boston, Majjs., in 1637 or 1638. His
son Zaohariah married Sarah, daughter of Dr. John Alcock, of Roxbury,
and the latter had a son John, who was born in 1688, and married Mary
Graves (daughter of Charles). Their son John, born in 1717 in Stow,
* Our author says Dorsetshire, but on what authority I do not know. — [Ed.]
WHITMAN. 625
Mass., and married in 1747, Mary, daugliter of Rev. Mr. Foster, of
Stafford, Conn., who came to Annapolis in the Charumu/ Molly, was
destined, through his posterity, to be a potent factor in making the
industrial and political history of the county. (>See memoir.) He died
Sept. 12, 1763; his widow married Samuel Bancroft, and died in 1812,
aged 85. He had children :
i. Dorcas, b. May 5, 174'.t, m. Capt. Eben Perry, who was killed at
the battle of Benninjjton, 1777.
ii. Daniel, b. June 5, 1750, in. 1778, Surah Kendall, and settled at or-
near Rosette, d. April 23, 1840: Ch.: 1, Sarah, b. 1780, m.
Frederic Morton ; 2, Isaac, b. 1782, in. 1804, Mary Hendry ; 3,
Mercy, b. 1784 ; 4, John, b. 17K(i, ni. Ann Wliitnian, ace Harris ;
B, Daniel, b. 1788, m. (1st) Nancy Roop, (2nd) Jane Banks (dau. of
Moses); <>, Silas, b. 17".>1, m. 1815, Elizabeth Bancroft ; 7, Asaph,
b. 17i>3, ni. Ann Harri.'* ; 8, Mary, b. 1705, d. unm.; 9, Zachariah,
b. 1708, d. unm.; 10, Lois, b. 1804, m. Israel Kice.
iii. Hannah, b. Au<,'. 12, 1751, ni. William E. Tufts (descendant of
Rev. John, of Newbury, Mass.), 1772.
iv. Edward, b. Aug. (5, 1752, in Stow, Mass., m. 1775, Dorothy, dau.
of Capt. Oldham (rates, and settled near Lawrencetown ; he d.
Jan. 15, 1820: Ch.: 1, Oldham, ni. Nancy, dau. of Benjamin
Fairn, and wid. of James Roach, Rosette, 10 ch., d. 1848 ; 2,
Mercy, m. Andrew KnifTen, of New Albany, d. 1875 ; 3, Jacob, m.
1814, Elizabeth Lanjriey, 11 ch., lived at Marshall's Mountain ; 4,
Lydia, b. 1780, m. 1809, John Merry ; 5, Salome, b. 1790, m. 1807,
George Armstrong ; tt, Edward, m. about 1808, Elizabeth Cagney,
wid.* dau. of Capt. Christopher Prince, and was father of Hon.
William C. Whitman, M.L.C.; 7, Charles, m. Lois Dykeman,
New Albany, d. 1850, 9ch.; 8, Asa (or Asaph), m. Mary Dur-
land ; 9, Dorothea, m. 1812, Ferdinand Schafner ; 10, James, m.
1812, Maua Longley, d. 1832, 5ch.; 11, Deidamia, b. 1797, m.
James Steele, d. 1865; 12, Margaret, b. 1801, m. 1822, Henry
Kent.
V. John, b. Sept. 25, 1753, m. 1784, Elizabeth, dau. of Phineas Rice,
remained on the homestead, Rosette, d. 1833 : Ch. : 1, Elnathan,
(see memoir of Eln. Whitman, M.P.P.), b. 1785, m. (Ist) 1812,
Eleanor Spurr, (2nd) Charlotte Tupper (by Ist wife, father of Hon.
George Whitman, M.L.C); 2, Alfred, m. Jane Spurr ; 3, James,
m. Ann Bailey ; 4, Letitia, m. William Spurr ; 6, Maria, m. Robert
Spurr ; 6, Dorinda, m. John McDormand ; and, according to the
" Whitman Genealogy, " which differs from this in date of marriage
(making it 1780) and order of births, Elizabeth, John, Ebenezer,
Eli and Annie, 11 in all.
vi. Salome, b. March 29, 1755, m. (1st) Major Ezekiel Cleveland, 2 ch.,
(2nd) Major N. Parker (2nd wife), 10 ch. (see Parker, ante), d.
June 5, 1831.
vii. Elnathan, b. April 16, 1756, d. March 1, 1765.
viii. Jacob, b. Oct. 14, 1767, m. Ann Spinney, settled near the old home-
stead, d. Sept., 18.37: Ch.: 1, Spinney, m. Caroline Harris ; 2,
Elizabeth, m. George Harris ; 3, Joanna, m. William Best ; 4,
Jacob, m. ; 5, Whitetield, d. unm. ; 6, Mercy, m. Edward
Berteaux ; 7, David, m. 1808, Sarah Starratt.
ix. Isaac, b. Nov. 3, 1758, d. July 20, 1777.
X. Abraham, b. Sept. 10, 1761, m. 1793, Hannah Webber, finally
* Her first husband, William Cagney, was a cornet of cavalry in the "American
Legion " under Arnold.
40
026 WHITMAN.
settled at Oanso, d. March 14, 1854 : Cii.: 1, James, d. unni. ;
2, Isaac, in. Deborah Bears ; M. John. m. Eliza Spurr ; 4, Dorcas,
in. David Bears (P.E.I.); 5, Mercy, in. Josepli Wheelock, J. P.;
0, Hannah, m. (Ist) Norris, (2nd) Joseph Wheelock ; 7, Letitia,
ni. William Hart ; 8, Sarah, m. Benjamin Bigolow ; !>, Abraham,
m. Lavinia Hart.
Jti. Mercy, b. March 2(5, 17G3, m. Nelson Freeman, d. Fob. i:\ 1828,
U ch.
Isaac (hou of Dnniel) and Mary (Hendry) Whitman had ch. : 1, William A.,
b. Nov. (5, 1805, m. twice ; 2, Simeon F., m. but no issue ; 3, Joiin, ni. (Ist)
Sarah Beals, (2nd) Sarah Felch, (3rd) — Benjamin ; 4, Joseph, m. Abigail
Oakes ; 5, Ansley, m. (1st) Mary Oakes, (2nJ) Elizabeth Oates ; (i, Eliza, ni.
Je.sse Oakes ; 7, Mercy, m. James Merry ; 8, Mary .Vnn, ra. Handley Merry.
Silas (s(>/io/i>.(/(ie/) and Elizabeth (Bancroft) Whitman had ch.: 1, Samuel,
b. 181<) ; 2, Jennniah, b. 1810 ; 3, Handley, b. 1821 ; perhaps others.
Daniei, (.son ()/ Diiniel) and Nancy (Roop) Whitman had ch.; 1, Dimock
(lately deceased), in. (Ist) Fanny McLauchlan, (2nd) Caroline Whitman, (3)
Annie Craisr, ne'e Odell ; 2, Zachariah, m. Susan Hutchinson ; 3, Mary, ni.
Manning Marshall ; 4, Sarah Ann, in. John McKeown ; by his 2nd wife,
Jano Banks, he had : 5, Asaph, m. Jane Payson ; 6, Lois, m. Christopher
Saunders , 7, Rachel, m. Henry Saunders ; 8, Harriet, d. unm.; 9, Daniel, in.
(ist) Sarah Ann Marshall, (2nd) Loretta Siunders ; 10, Esther, m. Albert
Oakes.
Olpham (.ton of Edward) and Nancy (Fairn) Whitman had ch. : 1, Benjamin,
m. Ann Longley ; 2, Levi, m. Matilda Lloyd ; '■', Athalia, m. .Tohn Kerr ; 4,
Henry, in. Augusta Prentiss ; 5, Sarah, m. Patrick Roach ; 6, Ebenezer Rice,
b. Feb. 22, 1813, m. Susan Beals; 7, Diadama, b. May 18, 1815, m. Arod
McNayr ; 8, Asa, b. Jurie 27, 1817, m. Mary Beals ; 9, Amos, b. April 21,
1819, in. Mary Ann Hannan ; 10, Oldham, b. Jan. 25, 1822, m. Rebecca
Cochran.
Jacob (son of Edward) and Elizabeth (Langley) Whitman had ch.: 1, Jacob,
b. June 18, 18U) ; 2, Edward, b. May 17, 1818 ; 3, Lucy Ann, b. Jan. 4, 1821,
ni. Nathan Langley ; 4, Nathaniel, b. June 4, 1823, m. Angelina Slocomb ; 5,
Asahel, b. Oct. 1. 1825 ; «, Sarah, b. Dec. 29, 1827, in. Christopher Grant ; 7,
Deborah, m. John Miller ; 8, Freeman, m. Diadama Saunders ; 9, Abraham.
Edward (son of Edward) and Elizabeth (Prince) Whitman had ch.: 1, Hon.
William Cagney, b. 1809, m. Caroline Belyea of N.B.; 2, Eliza, b. 1811 ; 3,
Edward Tile8t(m, b. 1813, in. — Robinson, widow ; 4, Ann Amelia, b. 1816 ;
6, Christopher, b. 1818, d. unm.
Charles (son of Edunird) and Lois (Dykeman) Whitman had ch. : 1,
Margaret, d. 1852 unm. ; 2, Louisa, m. Russell Durland ; 3, Dorothy, m. John
Miller ; 4, George, m. Lavinia Ruggles ; 5, James Edward ; 6, Isabella, m.
George Gates ; 7, Salome ; 8, Irene, d. 1850 unm. ; 9, Sophia, m. John
Stoddart.
James (sim of Edivard) and Maria (Longley) Whitman had ch. : 1, Israel, b.
1813, m. Sarah Spinney ; 2, Margaret Lovicia, b. 1818, m. John M. Chute ; 3,
Lucy Ann, b. 1823, m. John McGregor : 4, Isaac James, b. 1833, m. Sarah
Spinney ; 5, David Edward, b. 1833, m. Emmnline Louisa Rood, tiee Brown.
Elnathan (son of John, jun.) and Eleanor (Spurr) Whitman had ch. : 1,
John, b. June 3, 1814, m. Mary, dau. of Edward H. Cutler ; 2, William
Osmond, b. June 4, 1816, d. unm. ; 3, Charles Bailey, b. Sept. 28, 1817, m.
Jane Chipman, nde Tupper ; 4, Edward, b. July 29, 1819, d. 1820 ; 5, Hon.
George, b. April 3, 1823, m. Mary Arabella Boice ; by his 2nd w., Charlotte
Tupper, he had : 6, Maria, m. Samuel Bogart.
WHITMAN — WILKINS— WILLETT. 627
Ai,KKEi> (,s«)i of John) and Jane(Spurr) Whitman hBcl ch.; 1, M;iry Elizabeth,
b. July 4, 1827 ; 2, Margaret, b. Jan. 2.S, 182!), ni. — Swymiiier ; 3, Edward,
b. ''.ept. 20, 1830 ; 4, Alfred, b. May 27, 1833, in. — Crosby ; 5, Eleaimr, b.
Feb. 0, 1836, lu. Jainea De Wolfe Spiirr, St. John, N.B. ; ti, Henry, b. Aug. 6,
1830.
David (xon of Jacob) and Sarah (Starratt) Whitman had ch.: 1, William, b.
180}> ; 2, Amoz, b. 1810, in. William Best ; 3, Mercy, b. 1812 ; 4, Samuel, b.
1815, ni, ; 6, Leonora, b. 1819, m. Harvey Saunders ; <>, Robert, b. 1822 ; 7,
Anne Maria, m. Hon. Avard Longley.
Ihaac (»()>i ()/ Abrnfiam) and Deborah (Bears) Whitman hadch. : 1, Maria,
m. Albert Kinsman ; 2, David, m. Mary Myers ; 3, Jane, m. Levi Hart ; per-
haps others.
John (son of Abraham) and Eli/.a (Spurr) Whitman had ch. : 1, James
Edward ; 2, Thomas S., m. Louisa Tobias ; 3, John, in.; 4, Bessie, in. Edmund
Twining ; 5, Robert, ni.
WiLKiNS. This family is probably of Welsh origin. It is supposed
that Walter Wilkins, who was born in 1702, and died at Halifax, Janu-
ary 7, 1792, came to Halifax with Lord Cornwallis, and was engaged in
trade there, and acquired the land on which his son settled in WiJmot,
in payment of a debt, and that the son, Waltek Wilkins, was bo-n in
Halifax, and came here about 1780. His sister Mary had, in 1765,
mai-ried Alexander McKenzie. It was probably the name of hi? father
which appears in a list of non-resident tax-payers in 1770. He married
in 1781, probably Sarah White. Children:
i. Walter, b. 1782, m. Ruth, dau. of John Foster: Ch.: 1, Anthony,
m. Maria Nichols ; 2, William, d. 1885, m. Isabel Reals ; 3,
Eliza, m. Maynard Wheelock ; 4, Mary, m. William Brown ;
5, Sarah, d. unm. ; 0, Caroline, unm. ; 7, Louisa, unm. ; 8,
Amanda, m. John L. Morse ; 9, Walter, m. Sarah Lavinia Bent ;
10, Ruth, m. Adelbert Ryder ; 11, Adelbert, m. Bessie A. Gates.
ii. Mary, b. 1784, m. Saiimol Wheelock.
iii. Anthony, b. 1780, m. (Ist) Cornelia Durland, (2nd) Abigail Arm-
strong : Ch. : 1, Walter, m. Leonora Marshall ; 2, Daniel, in.
Louisa Brown ; 3, Thomas Cainbia, m. Asenath Crocker ; 4,
Sarah Ann, m. Wentworth Elliott ; 5, Mary Eliza, m. Israel
Marshall ; 6, Caroline, m. William Slocomb ; 7, Benjamin, d.
unm. ; 8, Lavinia, m. Samuel Elliott ; 9, Rebecca, in. Daniel
Bruce ; 10, Louisa Jane, m. William Spicer.
WiLLETT. Walter and Samuel Willett, cousins, born in New
York, came from Pennsylvania, where they had settled, Ix)yali8t8 of
1783. The name is said to be French, Ouillette, changed to the
English form after the domicile of the family in America. (There seems
no reason to doubt this, although there were Willetts of English extrac-
tion among the Pilgrim Fathers. These, if our author was right, were
probably of Huguenot stock. — Ed.) Thomas and William Willett were
members of the New York Legislature from 1725 to 1750. Walter had
628 WILLETT.
served in the loyal forces, and left his property at the peace in tlie
possession of his sons, some of whom were of age. He took an active
interest in militia affairs, and on a call for militia to garrison Halifax,
on one occasion during the absence of the regulars he is said to have
marched his company to Halifax in thirty-six hours. . Samuel, who had
been a cornet of cavalry, settled in Wilmot. Walter Willett left in
Pennsylvania children by his first wife: 1, Thomas; 2, (Jilbert ; .'I,
Thomas ; 4, Waiter ; 5, Caroline ; 6, Ann ; 7, Michael. He married
(2nd) Abigail, and by her had :
viii. Isaac Phinney, b. 1787, in. Ann Morrison, d. 18()1 : Ch.: 1, Walter,
m. Rebecca Gilliatt ; 2, Reed, ni. Charlotte, dau. of John Robert-
son, M.P.P. ; 3, Isaac, d. unm. ; 4, Ann, ni. William Hood,
ix. Ann, b. 1788, d. 1808, unm.
X. Harriet, b. 1790, m. James H. Priestly.
xi. Graves Simcoe, b. 17i*2, d. 184(!. m. Cynthia Troop: Ch.: 1,
Walter, m. Mary Hudson ; 2, Geoige, m. Arbuthnot McSweeny ;
3, Gilbert, m. Barbara Pigott ; 4, John, m. Ellen Tarver, Mexico,
xii. Mary, b. 1790, d. 1842, m. Sumner Wheelock.
xiii. Lawrence, b. 1799, m. Caioline Troop: Ch.: 1, Lawrence, ni.
Harriet Clark ; 2, Margaret S., m. William Spurr ; 3, Armanilla
Caroline, m. Edward Anderson,
xiv. Eliza, b. 1801, m. Samuel Churchill.
XV. Margaret, b. 181)3, d. 1842, m. William Wade,
xvi. Gilbert, b. 18U5, m. Armanilla Wheelock (no issue),
xvii. Deborah, m. William Thomas.
Samuel Willett was a cousin of Walter, already mentioned, was a
cornet in a cavalry regiment on the loyal side in the Revolutionary war,
and came here in 1783. In 1786 he married Leah de St. Croix, daughter
of a French Huguenot Loyalist of good family and some note, who came
to the county at the same time. He was a man of good education and
fine intellectual powers, scrupulous and exact in the performance of all
his duties. He had children :
i. Samuel, b. 1787.
ii. Joshua, b. 1788, m. 1811, Catharine Durland : Ch.: 1, Mary, b.
1812, m. — Balcom ; 2, Gilbert, b. 1814, d. 1817 ; 3, Catharine,
b. 1816. m. Joseph Jacques ; 4, Leonora, b. 1818, m. — Ryar ;
5, Matilda, b. 1820, d. 1821 ; 6, Gilbert, b. 1822, m. — (in U.S.);
7, Daniel, b. 1824, m. — Ward ; 8, Bamford, b. 1826, m.
iii. Benjamin, b. 1789, m. Phebe Woodbury (no issue).
iv. Walter, b. 1791, m. Mary Wheelock (dau. of Obadiah) : Ch. :
1, Mary, m. John Webster ; 2, Lavinia, ra. Archibald Walker ;
3, Rachel, m. Israel Gilliatt ; 4, Selena, m. Samuel Pickup ;
6, Irene, m. James Palmer ; 6, Walter, d. unm.
V. Thomas, b. 1793, m. Deborah Wilson : Ch. : 1, Ann.
vi. Augustine, b. 1795, d. unm.
vii. Lawrence, b. 1797, d. unm.
viii. Leah, b. 1799, m. John Pittman.
ix. Eliza, b. 1801, d. unm.
X. Caroline, b. 1803, d. unm.
xi. Temple, b. 1805, d. unm.
xii. Margaret, b. 1806, d. unm.
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WILLIAMS. 021)
Williams. Thomas Williams, who may have been born in Annapolis,
appointi'd in 1769, CoininiNSJiry and Ordnance storekeeper, married Ann,
only dauyhter of Captain Kdward Amherst of the 40th regiment, d. 1788.
John Williams, a captain in the 40th regiment at its organization in
1717, may have Iwen his father, or possibly a brother, Thomas had at
least two sons, Major Edward or Robert, who died without issue, and
Thomas, Iwrn 176M, died 1806, who married Anna Maria, daughter of
Thomas Walker, sen. (See memoir of Thomas Walker, jun., M.P.P.)
1. Thomas Williams, the younger, had children :
i, Charlotte Ann, IjjmI. Sept., 1788,* ni, Jiiii. 25, 1801>, James Robertson,
and liad ch. ; Williaiii Fonwick and Thumas Williams. The
latter, l)|i<l. .laii. IH, 1815, became h clergyman, and was Rector
of St. George's, N.13.
ii. Thomas, m. Charlotte Moncton, dau. of the Marquis of Calway (no
issue).
iii. Anna Maria Fenwick, bpd. Aug. 14, 171I5, m. Jan. 15, 1817, Thomas
Kinith, St. John, N.15.
iv. Mary Kliza. m. (Ist) Dec. 18, 1818. Hugh Chisholni, (2nd) John C.
Vail, M.P.P., and Registrar of Deoda, Kings County, N.B., and
was step-mother of Hon. W. B. Vail, of Nova Scotia.
(2) V. William Fenwi<;k, h. probably Dec, 17'.«>, bpd. Feb. 2, 1800, d,
unni.
vi. Georgina, m. Dec. 251. 1825. Rev. Horatio Nelson Arnold, M.A., of
Now Brunswick.
vii. Henrietta,! m. James Whitney, St. John, N.B.
2. Sir William Fenwick Williams, of Kara, was educated at the
old Grammar School, Annapolis, and the Royal Military Academy
at Woolwich, became Ensign in the Royal Artillery in 1825; from
1840 to 1843 he .served as a captain in Turkey, and in 1848 was a
commissioner for the settlement of the Turkey and Persia boundary,
and in 1854, at the outbreak of the Crimean War, was British Commis-
sioner with the Turkish army. He was in command during the four
months' siege of Kars by the Russians under Mouravieff, and on Septem-
ber 29, 1855, defeated the besiegers, who were much superior in numbers,
and in an advantageous position. He was obliged at length to surrender,
November 14, 1855, and was afterwards made K.C.B.; was Commander-
in-chief of the forces in British North America in 1858, administered
the government of Canada from October 12, 1860, to January 22, 1861,
and in 1866 and 1867 was Governor of Nova Scotia. He received the
degree of D.C.L. from Oxford and Kings College, Windsor. He died in
London, July 26, 1883.
* According to St. I^uke's Church record, which, compared with the inscription
on the monument, would make it appear that Thomas VVillianis, jun. , was married
before he was twenty years of age.
1 1 cannot vouch for the correctness of the order in which some of the children
are placed. — [Ed.]
fiaO WILLIAMS— WINCHKSTKB.
Another fninily of Williamh in «l»!sc«'n(l»Hl from Jahi'Kh Williams,
probably KiikHhIi or Loyalist, who wuh b. IT^il), (1. Hept. (bu. Hept. ir»),
18(4, aged 7'>, in probably 1797, Sarah Kairn, and had ch. : 1, Arinunilla,
b. 1798 ; 2, Klizalieth Ann, b. 179U; a, Lucinda, b. 1801 ; 4, Harah, b.
180;J ; f), Zcniiah, b. 1805, d. 1825, unni. ; 6, JeruHha, b. 1808 ; 7, Wil-
liam Henry, b. 1811, m. Klizabeth Margaret Fleet, 9 ch.; 8, Mary, b. 1813;
9, Charltttte Ann, b. 1816; 10, Mar>,'aret Letitia, b. 1816; 11, John, b.
1818, ni. Marpiret Ann WelJH, r» or more ch. ; 12, Ca»-olino, b. 1821;
13, Anna, b. 1825. MoHt, if not all of their daughterH but one married.
Col. Khkokkk? Williams, probabiy not related to either of the two
preceding, was a prominent man in the county in the latter part of the
lant century ; probably a Loyalist. Descendants in female lines are to
be found in branches of the Ruggles and Thorne families, where Frederic
Williams and Israel Williams will be found as Christian names, and no
doubt in other families.
WiNCiiKSTEK. Nathan Winciikstku was a grantee of lands near Rosette
on the site of a previous French settlement, al>piit three miles from the
town, was married when he came, and lived with his family on his grant.
One of his sons settled in the township of Digby, one in Granville,
ahd Isaac and Hoencer in Clements and Hillsburgh respectively. John
remained on the homestead. John Winchester, died at Annapolis, 1840,
aged 98, is classed by Sabine as a Loyalist. The first Winchesters who
came to New England were John, of Hingham, who came 1635, aged 19,
with Clement Bates, and therefore probably from Hertfordshire, and
Alexander, of Braintree and lleholwth, who arrived October 3, 1635,
in the train of Sir Harry Vane, the younger. Nathan Winchester had
children (the order of births is not vouched for as correct) :
i. Josiiih, m. Hannah Winslow (dau. of John Howard):* Ch.: 1, Abi-
gail, m. Isaac Marshall ; 2, George Lefere, d. unm.; 3, Mary, h.
17!*0, m. Capt. Benjamin Thurber ; 4, Joseph, ni. 1819, Sarah
Bryan ; 5, Joaiah, m. Margery Bacon ; G, John, m. Mary Smith ;
7. Amy, m. Gilbert VanAmhurg ; 8, James, il. unm.; 9, Rachel,
m. William Snow ; 10, William, m. Nancy Barnes ; 11, Winslow,
d. unm.
ii. Mary, b. 1756, m. Benjamin LeCain.
iii. Isaac, b. 1769, m. about 1801, Mary Morgan, b. 1766 : Ch. :
1, Nancy, m. (1st) James Brown, (2nd) Jacob Roop ; 2, Sarah,
m. 18.(3, Edward Brian ; 3, EHza, b. 1804, d. 1855, m. Thomas
Hannan ; 4, Margaret, d. 1855, unm. ; 5, Charles, m. (1st) Maria
*John Howard Winslow' (Josiah,* Josiah," Kenelm," Kenelin,* the latter
brother of the Pilgrim Governor, Edward), b. 1738, m. Abigail Fenno, and came to
N. S. among the early settlers and was hotel-keeper in Annapolis : Ch : 1 , John
Fenno, b. 176*2, d. 1787 ; 2, Abigail, b. 1764, m. John Winchester; 3, Hannah, b.
1766 ; 4, Mary, m. Cyrus Dean, Halifax ; 5, Joseph, b 1772, d. young ; 6, Joseph ;
7, Matilda, m. Wm. Pratt ; 8, Rachel, m. James Halliday.
WINCUKSTKIl — WINNIKTI". 6'U
ll'ipley, ('Jiiil) \Hi\'2, Suritlt MnrolinUMo, mr Cjiiuruau ; li, .lnliti, iii.
Mary SVinle ; 7. NHthnii, i\. uiiiii.
iv. iFoliii, 111. 17^1, Atii^iiil Wiimlow (lUii. of .lohii Howiinl), and d. IH'20,
It, m. Cli.: 1, .lohii. b. I7H:i. d. IH(i<), iiniii.; 2, Muiilidi. b. I7M4,
III. John L.>ii(;luy ; :i. Wdliiiiii, li. I7M>, d. 1H44, in. .\iiii Witliur-
H|iii()ii ; 4, •Ihiiiuh, b. I7)U, III. (iHt) .\iiii Wiriclieiiter, mv \V«ntlii)r-
H|Hi<iii, (liiuU I'ickoU ; 5, Miiriii, b. 17<*>'i, in. ArtuiiiiiN Odull ; H,
.\bi){iiil, b I7!)r», III. .Iiiiiiu!« W. I'rittt ; 7. Iliirriul, b. I7!>7, d. iiiiiii.
V. Spmictir, III. 17!*1. KniiicitH .Vim Kiiiloy: VAi.: I, Kli/jibotli Hetiiinu,
b. I7!ll, III. Thuiiiiis M"('..iiiiick ; 'J, MHitliii. b. 17<>L', m. IHIO,
OliiirlvH Yerri^ul ; .'t, •Ihiiiuh, hi. 1H|4, Kli»ibetli Hryiiii ; 4, TlioiiitiH,
d UIIIII.; 5, Muiiry, d.; *t, FrancuH, iii .iHcob Odull ; 7, (witimriiie,
III. Thoiiiiis Cuiiiliduii ; K, Rubuceii, d. iiiiiii.; !), F]iiik>y, ii:. AiiiimdH
HeiiHDii (no iHHiitt); 10, Kdwitrd, d. iiiiiii ; 11, Williiun, in. Elixit — .
vi. Williinii, III. 171HI, Mary Doinint (wiil.) ; Ch.: 1, riiiiHtoplior E. H.,
b. I7!)l, III.; '2, Williiiiii H., b. 17t>4, in. Ly<lia Stoulu ; M, \hhius
Piirkor, b. 17iMl, in. IHHK, Lydiii Stoolo ; 4, Soimiim, in. Miiry .\nn
Morrison ; 5, Mury.
VViNNiKTT. Tliis is the oldest family, so far as residence is concerned,
in the Maritime! Provinces. WiM.iam Winniktt was horn in France of
Huguenot parents, whose name must have lieen spelt Ouinniette, and
came with them to Liondon after the revocation of the Ktlict of Nantes.
He joinc'J the expedition of Nicholsim against Port Royal in 1710, being
then about twenty live years old ; was among the first to enter the fort
after the ct.ptare, In the following year, having resigned his military
position, he married Marie Magdalene Maissonat, a French lady of the
Roman Catho!>c faitii, and commenced a life of mercantile pursuits,
becoming the pioneer and founder of the commerce of Knglisli Canada.
He was a man of good education and much enterprise ; .soon established
a large trade between Aimapolis Royal and Roston, and found ready and
profitable customers in the French settlements at the head of the Bay of
Fundy, Minas Basin, and Cape Breton. Most of tlie vessels by whicii
this trade was carried on were built under his own superintendence at
Annapolis. He served several years as a member of the Governor's
Council at Annapolis, where his children were born, whose services are
so largely interwoven with the iiistory of the county and province.
Children :
i. Ann, b. 1712, m. Alexander Cosby, 40th regiment, for many years
Lieut. -Governor of the town of Annapolis, and was mother of
Phillips Cosby, 7th reji^iinent, who was killed in the service.
Her husband d. at Canso, where he held the chief military
command in 1741-42, and she for nearly half a century lived at
Annapolis, where she was known and respected as "Madam
Co.sby."
ii. Elizabeth, b. 1713, m. John Handheld, afterwards Lieut. -Col. of
the 40th regiment and Commandant of the garrison, who super-
intended the deportation of the French in 1756.
iii. Mary Magdalene, b. 1715, m. Edward How (for whom see p. 527).
iv. Margaret, b. 1717, d. 17J3.
v. Charles, d. unm.
vi. Edward, b. 1722 (Captain of the Warren, 1752).
((?J2 WINNIETT.
(2) vii. JoHtiph, 1). nlxiiit I72H.
viii. Mntthnw, Hurvivt^d JoHoph iimiiy yi'urH, Major of Militiii itiid Deputy
Pnitlioiiotrtry <if (ho Suprttiiie Court, it witnonH to tlio rHtiticntion
of tlio likMt Indiuii TriN>ty, ami huh li witru'NN on Itt-liulf of tliu
Aivimcil jiid){(>ii ill ilitt Kri-ikt inipi>iicliiia-iit triul. (MunlocirH
" History of N.H.," p. 87.)
ix. ilohii, (I. pi'ol)nl)ly iiniii.
X. AldXHiiilur, (1. iiiiiii.
xi. HiiHHiiiin, III. - I'tki^e.
2. JosKPii WixNiKTT, horn iihout 1726, miiiTicd [)t'c'('iiil)or 26, 17r)l,
Miiry I)yHOii. {Hw mt'iniiir, p. '.VM).) Sli« waH born 1728, iincJ (Jie«i 1804.
Hfl died D<H«ml)nr .J. 178!). (.'hildr.'n :
i. Anne, )>. 17')-. probiihly il. nnni.
ii. .losoph, 1>. 17i'»r), prohiibly uiiin. Wiw Eniiii{n in the ftrmy, one of the
graiitfos of I'orrott, <1. in the Horvic«, I7!*i>-
iii. Mitry, I). 17r)7, <1. 1811, ni. .lohn Hiwiiilton, 40th ru}{iniunt.
iv. Eli/aliutli, h. 17)10, d. 1808, in. it Mr. Niinn, of 40tli ruKinumt.
V, Miir^iirot, h. I7tl2, d. 1811, in. Uohort Wolstloy, itii otKcer of the
gitrriHon hehiiiKiii^ to thu Koynl KiigiiiuorH Do|iitrtiiiL'nt.
vi. Williiiiii, b. 170a, d. Nov., I8'J4, in. 1788, Miiry Totteii, (Ihu. of a
LoyikliHt guiitleiiiiiii ; he whm JS'ioriff of the cminty fur Hourly a
(|Uiirtor of II century ; witn also Reijistrar of Doedn, and lield
Hevitial minor otticuR : Ch. ; 1. tloHoph, b. •fune 17. 1780, in. Mary
MatiCnIIu, eldest dau. of Lieut. -Col. MacColht, town iiiajor of
HalifiiT, anil was in tlie CoininiNHariat Department in Halifax
about 1828 (d. without issue); 2, Hiisan Mary, b. Dec. 10, 1791,
d. uniii.; ;J, William RoiiKUi' Wolhklky, b. March '2, 171W ;
4, Elizabeth, b. !7?>'', ni. Hev. John Thomas Twining, D.D., and
was ni'tliur of H. C. D. Twining, Eh(i., Clerk of the House of
Asseinlily, N.S.; 5, Mary Ann, b. April 10, 1700, m. Iteiijaiiiin
Lester Peters, of St. John, N.B.. Barrister, Stipendiary Majjis-
tratf, etc., and was mother of B. L. Peters, .lud^e of the County
Coui't, and several others; 0, George (Jilbert Totteii, b. May 'M,
1801, d. unin.; 7, Alexander Howe, b. June 10, ISOM, iii. Sophia
Upham ; 8, Isabella Cliailotte, b. .lune 10, 1805, d. nnin.;
9, Phillips Cosby Fenwick, b. Oct. U). 1807, d. (in .faiiiaica)
unm.; 10, Henry Charles Darling, b. Oct. 18, 1800, d, uiim. ;
11, Thomas Williams, b. Dec. 10, 1811, m. (abroad) ; 12, John
Thonms Twining, b. April 21, 1814.
vii. Alice, b 1708. d. unm
viii. Martha, b. 1771, d. unm.
Sir William Robkrt Wolselev VVinniett, thircl child of Sheriff
Winniett und Mary Totten, was born in the house next to that in which
General Williams was Iwrn, married Aug. 14, 1828, Augusta Julia,
daughter of Col. William Fenwick, R.E., whose mother, Maria Walker,
was a sister of the mother of General Williams ; entered the Royal Navy
as a midshipman in the Cleopatra ; was wounded in the capture of Ville
de Milan, and after a long, varied and faithful service, was in 1848
appointed to the Governorship of Cape Coast Colony in West Africa,
and Governor-General of the Cape Coast District, and knighted. He
had previously been mainly instrumental in procuring the abolition of
the practice among the native tribes of offering human sacrifices to
WINNIKTI'— WiSWAr.l,.
tlifir ^imIn. II«> piiiii \\'\H liiHt visit to Iuh iiativo town in IHIH. Me
(iii'd in Afiicii, leaving, it in Itolit'vrd, tlirro cliililii'n living >» liondun.
Ht'calliMg liiN visit to Aiin/ipolis in IH(H, tli<> iiutliMi' wrott^ :
Wlicir MJiH I'm I Hiiyal t>\ I lie rivt'r «ii|t',
'I'lit'iu III- uiiH liiii'M, iIm'I'c |ia->Mi>i| liJN liiiyliiKMl'N hoiirx,
Ami pliM'ki'il tii'Ht friiitH of kniiu'liMl|{i' iniilNl itN IIuhi'ih.
VVIit'ii IiinI I Hiiw liiiii, will, yvl llj^llililMl,
KikIiiwi'iI witli iiiaiihiiiHrN riiliiiiiiiiti'il |iii\viirH,
III' wtoiiil iilli'i^Hlnil Hi-|iulrhl'i'N IichMi)
VN'llt'lu tint'*' Hllri't'MMiolls of Ills fulllui'M krt'J)
Thuir liliint vi^iU, l)y I'ort Koyivi's iluep.
It WIIM llJH Ilist full'WI'll to Al'Ullil',
Till' liiHi uilii'ii ti) HiciH'K III' lovtMJ HO well ! —
AliiM ! liitHlutipH not, iiativu t'lii'Mi, in tli»u,
lint wIlCI'C AtllllltillM I'HHtl'I'll •lilloMH KWvIl
On Afiii''H roiiNi, liJM dust icpoHirig lies,
Kcneulh (liu gu/.o of iilii'n stiiis iiml skiuH,
Alkxandkk IIowk VVinmktt, sisvciitli child of tin* .SlicrilV, hy hia wife
8o])hiii, diiUKlitei' of tlie Into tlud;;!^ I'pliiiin, hud ohildr<>n : 1, VVilliiiin
Hufus, 1). 182H, Ml., imd wns killed in the disdiiu'j,'<f of duties as an
ein|)loyee of n railroad conipan)' in th»> I'nitwi States, leaving one or
more chihhen ; 2, Francis Smith, b, is;il, il. unm.; ."l. Charles Alexander,
I). 18;J4, d. lH;{f<; 4, Rose, h. IH'M], living in Kin^s County, N.S., the
only m«*mher of the family healing the name now in Nova Scotia. He
removed to Northumherland County, Ont., and died there, hut his widow,
with her flau;,'hter, returned to this Province, and died Auj,'ust, 1889.
The author, in an obituary, speaks of her as one of his oldest friends, to
whom he was "indebted for many worrls of encouragement and direction."
WiswAi,!,. (See memoir of the lion. Peleg Wiswall, M.P.P.) The
Rev. John VViswall's grandfather was Ichabod'-' Wiswall, wlio was born
in I.4incashire, and came when an infant with his father. Rev. John
Wiswall, and four or five brothers to New England. He studied three
years at Harvard University, but withdrew without taking a degree.
He applied himself to the study of divinity, and preached some time to a
small colony that went from Massachusetts to Cape Fear. He after-
wards went to sea and married on the island of Arrowsick, where he
preached, and at length retui-ned, and was ordained pastor of the first
church at Duxbury, Plymouth Colony, where he married his second wife.
He opposed the annexation of Plymouth Colony to that of Massochusetts
Bay, preferring that it should l)e united to Rhode Tsland, or New York.
He died 1695. He was accomplished both as a classical and mathe-
matical scholar, and also ir. the then fashionable science of astrology, and
was, moreover, a poet and a musician. He left one surviving son, Ptleg,''
who was born 1686, graduated at Harvard in 1702, and soon afttr
034 WISWALI-.
leaving college went as chaplain of a " letter of mar({ue " ship, and later
went to sea as a maritime merchant and trader, but devoted more of his
time to the pursuit of a knowledge of the countries he visited than to the
pursuit of gain, and closed his life as teacher of the Boston School. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Rogers, of Ipswich, of an old
Massachusetts family, who were long supposed to be descended from
Rogers the martyr, until able genealogists disproved the tradition. The
Rogers family of Yarmouth, N.S., is a branch of the same family. He
left by her four children, Elizabeth, Daniel, Piiscilla and John.^ John
Wisw\LL entered Harvard in 1745 and graduated 1749, aged 18. He
taught school at various places, and it length was ordained to the
ministry at Casco in 175o, after having preached about a year. December
31, 1761, he married Merc;y, daughter of John Minot, of Brunswick, JNle.
Coaforming to the Church of England, he founded in 1701 St. Paul's
Church at Falmouth, now Portland, Me. In 1762 he was deranged for a
few months, but wholly and permanently lecovered. Going to England for
the purpose, he was by the Bishop of London ordained Deacon, December
22, 1764, and Priest, February, 176r). Whilt he continued Rector of St.
Paul's the "cruel revolution" broke out, when "it became a crime to honour
the king, even in him who had learned to fear Goil." In 1775 he fled to
Boston, from which city he addressed the following letter to Mr. Hind,
Secretary of the S.P.G. Society, dated May 30th, 1775 :
" Since my last the disorders of the eaxtern country have grown to so great a pitch
that I have been obliged to flee to this town for protection. On Tuesday, the 9th of
May, while walking with Mr. Mowat, commander of one of His Majesty'p ships,
then in the harbour, on a hill contiguous to the town, and apprehensive of no danger,
we were on a sudden surrounded b.. a bodv of men arinetl with iiusijuets and
bayonets, wlio commanded us to surrender ou selves ])risoner8. We were with tliis
company of banilitti (which consisted of sixty-seven men commanded by one Tlionip-
son, their colonel) three hours and a half Insfore the people of Falmouth were made
acquainted with our situation, during whicli time we were greatly insulted and
abused, and in great danger of Ixjing shot to death. They had lain there in ambush
from Sunday, and their intention was (as their colonel informed us) to have surpri.sed
us in church, but contrary winds prevented their arrival in season. By one o'clock
the townspeople an<l the country folks in the neighbouring towns were informed of
our situation, and a large body of men appeared upon the hill where we were — most
of them with the intention to carry us into the country and confine us there j but
some of the townsmen began to intercede for our liberty, being induced thereto by
the spirited conduct of Captain Mowat's lieutenant, who, upon information of the
danger we we''e in, sent out his boats, and ar.'.ong others had seized J. Preble, Es((.,
of Falmouth, who had been appointed by the provincial congress (teneral of the
eastern forces, and by lettc.- assured the select-men of his resolution to fire from tiie
ships upon the town, unless we were immediately disnussed. After much altercation
it was agreed to carry us to a tavern at the entrance to the town, where we were
guarded by a body of near three hundred men. The officers of the militia, after some
debate, agreed to dismiss us for that night, E. Freeman, select-man of the town, and J.
Preble, Esq., being bound for our forthcoming in the morning. As we were retiring,
though guarded by the "cadet company of the town, one of the mob fired at us, but
WISWALL. 635
providentially we eaciiped unhurt. The next morning the ofticers sent for Captain
Mowat, who (as was his duty) refused to go from His Majesty's ship. By this time
they were joined by several other companies from the country and made up a b(,dy
of five hundred armed men. They possessed themselves of a large house in the centra
of the town belonging to one of my parisiiioners, and converted it into a barrack, turn •
ing out the family, including his wife, though sick in bed, and pillaged the house of
almost everj'thing that was valuable. Tliey forced me in the afternoon to appear
before them. I was strictly examined and tpiestifmed by their leaders, and it gave
me pleasure that I could assure them tiiat I had never in my sermons so much as
glani'cd at their political disputes, tnough I declared that the severest punishment,
nor the fear of death, sliould tempt me to violate my oath of allegiance to King
George, and of canonical obedience to my Diocesan, and I would not conform to
their provincial congress, nor deviate from the rules of the Church of England, nor
the instructions I had received from the venerable Soc'dty for the P. (J. in foreign
parts whose .servant I was, and that I was resolved, liy (!od's help, that no temp-
tation should prevail with me to do, or even promise to do, anything unworthy my
ministerial character.
" I was then allowed to retire to my house. The next day tliey placed a guard
at another of my parishioners' houses and carried away all his plate. They i)er-
mitted me upon my parole to walk about town unguarded, aiul on Saturdaj' I made
my escape on board the king's ship, having g()o<l rea.son to believe tliat they intended
to carry me away with them and confine me close prisoner in the country. On
Sunday I read jirayers and preached on board the ship, and on Monday having
received a letter from tny churchwardens, we put to sea, and the next Sunday I
arrived at this place, where I am witiiout money and without clothing, and my
family at more than one hundred miles from me— my wife and three children
destitute of l)read, among enemies who bear the greatest malice to the Church of
p]ngland ; my little flock persecuted and many of them obliged to flee from their
dwellings.
" I liave not been able to hear from Falmouth since I have been at Boston, as no
letters are suffered to pass by land, nor has there 1)een an • communication by water.
It afl'ords me no little consolation when I rofiect that my misfortunes do not arise
from any disatlection of my people to me or to government, foi' they continue to con-
tribute all in their power to my comfort and happiness ; but all they "an now do is
to wisfi me well. Most of them, and the most considerable, strictly adhere to the
line of their duty, and continue to be firm friends to the government, ami it is for
this that they suffer persecution by an infatuated people urged on by the prayers
and sermons of their preachers to the most atrocious acts of rebellion."
He was made chaplain of a regiment in Boston, and was afterwards a
chaplain in the navy, his son Peleg accoinpanj'ing him in tiie ship, and
his journal contains very interesting accounts of some important engage-
ments wliich he witnessed. At the close of the war, after a visit to Eng-
land, he was appointed Rector of Cornwallis, and a little later became
Rector of Wiimot, in this county, which place he filled until his death.
He preached the first sermon ever preached on Hanley Mountain. He
married (2nd) Mary Hutchinson, widow. He had children :
i. Peleg, b. 1703, m. (Ist) Oct. 18, 1792, Seraph Cut'gr, (2nd) Mary
Nichols; Ch. : (only) Mary, m. Charles Budd, M.P.P. (See
memoir of Hon. Peleg Wiswall, M.P.P.)
686 WISWALL — WITHERSPOON.
ii, Jolin, h. ITfif), WHS long n highly respected magistrate and respected
and imeful farmer, m. 1700, Hesdcliah Cutler (dau. of Ehenezer):
Ch. : 1, James P., b. 1801, d. 1878, m. Minetta Wheelock (dau. of
Abel), and had 10 ch. ; 2, Charles, d. unm. ; 3, Mercy, d. unm. ;
4, Miriam, d. unm. These ladies long conducted an excellent
boarding school for young ladies, at Wilmot. 6, Seraph, m. Ben-
jamin Smith, of St. John, N.B., a wealthy banker and broker ;
she was his third wife, mother of Dr. Peleg W. Smith, Sheriff of
Digby ; Benjamin Smith, barrister, of Kentville, and of Eliza, who
m. Alexander McNab, C.E. ; (5, John, d. unm.
iii. Elizabeth, b. 1767.
iv. Bradstreet, b. 17<>y, d. 1773.
V. Robert, b. 1772, d. 1773.
Four names representing this good old family appear in 1896 on the
voters' lists of the county as of persons qualifying on the anciently known
" Wiswall liomestead," Charles James Wiswall, Abel Maynard Wiswall,
Edwin Gilpin Wiswall, and John Wiswall.
WiTiiERSPoos, or Weatheuspoon. John Witherspoon was one of
the earliest settlers in Annapolis County, having been here as early as
1757, when he was captured by Indians while cutting wood on the
mountain near the fort, and taken away to Quebec, where he was kept a
prisoner until the capture of the city by Wolfe in 1759. Ho wrote a
journal, as tradition say.s, with tobacco juice mixed with blood drawn
from his person, and concealed it every night among the cinders lest it
should be taken away from him by the sentinel. A copy (from a copy
written many years ago and stiil preserved in the family) was published
among the transactions of the Nova Hcotia Historical Society for 1879-80,
and is exceedingly interesting. At a date so remote, it would seem
.probal)le that Mr. Witherspoon, although from Massachusetts, carne here
in some employment connected with the army, like Runisey, LeCain and
others. Tn the census of 1770 he was at Granville, where .some of his
descendaiits are now among the most prominent citizens. He was then
head of a household of eight persons — one man (probably hired), his wife,
three boys and three girls. He married in Massachusetts, but it is not
known who his wife was. His children were, as far as can now be given,
as follows :
i. James, b. Aug. 9, 1802.
(2) ii. Joseph.
(3) iii. John.
iv. Rose, m. Daniel Wade.
V. Mary, m. 1783, Thomas Fowler.
2. Joseph Weatherspoon married, 1793, Mercy Hardy, and had
children :
i. John, b. 1794, m. Rebecca Edgett (dau. of Joel) : Ch.: 1, Cynthia,
m. John Milner ; 2, Alton, d. unm.
ii. Benjamin, b. 1795, d. 1823, unm.
VVEATHERSPOON — WOODBURY. 637
iii, Joseph, b. 17W, went ubioud.
iv. Jiunea, h. 1801, m.
V. Aaron, b. 1805, ni. Dec. 31, 183«, Eliza Halliilay (dau. of Jolin) :
Cli.: 1, Lucy, ni. James Oliver ; 2, Cynthia, ui. Moses Oliver ; 3,
Benjamin, ui. Adeline Spiirr, nee Milner ; 4, Ann, m. We.sley
Hudson ; 6, John, unni.; fi, Aaron, m. Bes.sie Purdy (no issue);
7, Mary, m. Ebonezer Young ; 8, Alanda, m. Joseph Van-
Blarcom.
3. John Weatherspoon, Jun., born 1765, married, Oct. 12, 1790,
Elizabeth Mills. Children :
i. David, m. Elizabeth, dau. of William Mills, and had ch. : 1, Maria
Ann. b. 1820, m. Silas Troop ; 2, William Mills, b. 1822, m.
Elizabeth B. Troop ; 3, Hannah Eliza, b. 1825, m. Robert Deiap.
ii. Ann, ni. (lat) William Winchester, (2nd) James Winchester.
iii. James, b. 1802, m. Mary Amberman : Ch.: 1, Keziah, b. 1821, m.
Joseph Gilliatt ; 2, John, b. 1824 ; 3, Phebe Ann, b. 1820, m.
William Harris ; Elizabeth, b. 1828, ni. Jacob Bent ; 5, Mary
Jane, b. 1830, m. Joseph Potter (son of John) ; (>, Susan, b.
1832.
iv. Robert, m. Ann Mills : Ch. : 1, Hannah, m. Joseph Halfyard.
Woodbury. The pioneers of the Woodbury families in this county
were Jonathan and Isaac, who were uncle and nephew, the latter being
a son of Elisha. They were descended from John Woodbury, who was
born about 1579, and came from Somersetshire, England, and settled at
Salem, Mass., where he was a leading man, and was .sent by his fellow-
colonists to England to secure a patent for their land. The line of
descent is through his eldest son Humphrey,'^ Thomas," Jonathan,*
Jonathan," Elislia" (father of Isaac") and Jonathan". The latter, born in
Haverhill, Mass., 1737, and baptized in Salem, N.H., 1738, came first to
Yarmouth, where in 1763, his household is returned as consisting of five
members living on a one-acre lot on Cape Forchue river. His name
appears as one of the grantees of the township in 1767, and in the
"scheme of division " he appears as owner of 163 acres in the first, 539
in the second, and 154 in the third division. Mr. Woodbury was a
physician by profession ; came from Yarmouth to Granville and thence
to Wilmot, and died in 1830, aged 93. He married (1st) 1760, in
Massachusetts, Lydia, daughter of Dr. Foster; she died in 1808; (2nd)
in Nova Scotia, December 12, 1811, Lorena,* daughter of Jeremiah
Sabin, who came to Sissiboo (Weymouth) probably from Marblehead,
Mass. She died November 10, 1853, aged 80. Children :
i. Lydia, b, 1760, m. Christopher Baltzor.
(2) ii. Tester, b. 1763.
iii. Hannah, b. 1764, m. Philip Thorne.
(3) iv. William Fairfield, b. March 15, 1766.
V. Lovefrey, b. 1768, m. Jonathan Smith.
* She was a sister of the Editor's father's mother.
638 WOODUUFIY.
vi. Eniinii Harris, 1>. 1770, d. unni.
vii. Manley Gates, b. 1778, cl. iinin.
By second wife :
viii. Jonathan (M.D.), ni. Mury Eliza Randall : Ch.: 1, Jessie, d. unm.;
2, Robert, ni. Laleah Inglis ; 3, Arthur C, d. unui. ; 4, Ellen, d.
unm.
ix. Lorena, 1). 1813. m. (lat) Robert Woodbury; (2nd) William H.
Chipman, of Bridgetown (his 2nd w.).
2. Foster WooDUfHY was born in 1763, and probably came to
Yarmouth an infant, with his parents. He married, 1784, Elizabeth
Webber, who was Ijorn 176.J, and had children:
i. Elizabeth, b. 1785, d. unm.
ii. Lydia, b. 1787, m. Samuel Dod^e.
ill. Fi)8ter, b. 178J), m. Elizabeth Simpson: Ch.: 1, Foster, m. Mary
Johnston, lu'e Little (no issue) ; 2, Simpson, m. Miriam Wheelock ;
3, Thcmias, m.; 4, Eliza, m. (lat) William Parker, (2nd) John
Vidito ; 5, Mary, d. unm. (burnt to death).
iv. Jonathan, b. 17'J1, m. 1820, Elizabeth Charlton : Ch.: 1, Ellon, d.
unm.; 2, Ellen, b. 1821, m. Oliver Foster; 3, Caroline, b. 1822,
ni. Adolphus Fo.ster ; 4, Mary, b. 1823, m. Leonard Fitch ; 5,
Jonathan, b. 182H, m. Griselda Sanders ; 0, Austin, b. 1828, m.
Susan Jane Murray ; 7, Lucy, b. 1830, m. John Fitch ; 8, Eliza-
beth, b, 1831, m. Rev. George Weathers ; 9, Edward, b. 1833, d.
uum. ; 10, Beecher, b. 1835, m. Mehitable Woodbury.
V. Phebe, b. 1703, m. Benjamin Willett.
vi. Mary, b. 17SM), m. Hrooke Watson Chipman.
vii. Joseph, b. 1798, d. unm.
viii. Susanna, b. 1800, d. 1801.
ix. Lucy, b. 1800, d. unm.
3. William Faikfield Woodbury was born in Yarmouth, N.S.,
March 15, 1766, and is .said to have been the first English male child
born in Yarmouth. He married, 1791, Mary, daughter of Austin
Smith, and had children :
i. Austin b. 1792, m. Elizabeth Bayard, dau. of John Ruggles : Ch. :
1, James, m. Jessie Barry ; 2, George (J. P.), d. unm.; 3, Louisa,
m. Edward Barnaby.
ii. Jonathan, b. 1793, m. Frances Ruggles (dau. of John): Ch.: 1,
William Fairfield, d. unm.; 2, Gilbert W., m. Elizabeth Spinney;
3, Charles, m. Elizabeth Bishop ; 4, Austin, m. Sarah Jane
Spinney ; 5, Adelaide, m. Edward Fuller ; 6, Eliza, m. William
West ; 7, Mehitable, m. Beecher Woodbury ; 8, John Ruggles,
m. Lizzie Heritage ; 9, Robert, m. Augusta Heritage ; 10, Lucilla,
m John Taft.
iii. Mehitable, b. 1795, d. unm.
iv. Mary, b. 1797, d. 1797.
V. William Fairfield, b. 1798, m. Mary Jane King (dau. of John King,
R.N.): Ch.: 1, George Leander, d. unm.; 2, Egbert "Sydney, d.
unm.; 3, Matilda H., m. James J. Reagh ; 4, Gertrude J., d.
unm.
vi, Manley, b. 1800, d. 1807.
vii. James, b. 1803, d. 1817.
viii. Mary, b. 1805, m. Luther Morse.
WOODBURY — YOUNO. 639
ix. Foster, b. 1807, ai Maria Morton: Ch.: 1, Oeorge, ni. (lives
abroad) ; 2, Louisa, in. (Ist) H. A. Borden, (2nd) — Mitchell ;
3, Susan, ni. Joseph Deniiison, M.D. ; 4, Mary, m. James Mc-
Phail ; 5, Norman ; (i, Harry.
X. Harriet, b. 180i), m. John Dodge,
xi. Matilda, b. 1811, m. Joseph Morton.
xii. Francis, b. 18i:i, m. Elizabeth Congdon : Ch.: Hibbert (D.D.S.), b.
1842, m. 1881, Laleah VVeatherspuon, dau. of William M.; 2,
Maria, m. (Jeorge Bell, M.D.; ^^, Frank (D.D.S.), b. 1843, ni.
Jessie B. Troop,
xiii. Lucilla, b. 1815, ni. John Foster.
Isaac Woodbuuy married (1st) Hannah Clark, (2nd) Mary Fowler,
nix St. Croix. Children :
i. Edward, b. 1793, m. 1816, Betsey Marchant : Ch.; 1, Hepzibah Ann,
b. 1815, m. Robert Neily ; 2, Isaac, b. 1818, m. (1st) Hannah
Robinson, (2nd) Phebe Merry ; 3, William Henry, b. 1820, m.
Margaret Neily (dau. of (ieorge) ; 4, Mary Jane, b. 182.'{, m.
Charles Foster ; 5, Hannah, b. 1825, m. Joseph Hudson ; (>,
Gilbert Fowler, d. unm.; 7, Harriet Ann, b. 1833, m. Charles
Covert ; 8, Ennueline, b. 1834, m. Richard Forsyth ; 9, James
Edward, b. 18;i7, m. Helen Welt(m ; 10, Elizabeth, m. (Ist)
William Henry Pearce, (2nd) Reis Goucher ; 11, Louisa, d. unm.
ii. Hannah, d. uum.
By seccmd wife.
iii. Isaac, b. June 8, 1798, d. 1863, m. (Ist) 1823, Martha Chute, (2nd),
Elizabeth Brotha, wid. of James Orde and Peter Lony : Ch.: 1,
John Gauladette, b. 1825, m. Naomi, dau. of John C. Wilson, Escj.
iv. Mary, b. April 23, 1800, m. (1st) James DeLancey Harris, (2nd)
William B., son of Rev. Cyrus Perkins.
V. Elisha, b. April 3, 1802, m. Nancy C, dau. of James Harris, Esq. :
Ch.: 1, Rachel Maria, m. Abraham Balcom ; 2, Chalmers, m.
Sarah Jane Whitman.
Young. Samuel Young, with three sons, Ichabod, Robert and Job,
came to this province in 1760-61, from the colony of Massachusetts Bay,
and settled near Belleisle. tchabod married and remained in Granville
several years, but returned to Massachusetts, and later mijjrated
farther west, probably to the valley of the Ohio. It is said that the late
Brigham Young, the apostle of Mormonism, was his grandson. Robert
was probably married before his arrival here, but his wife died soon after,
and he married again and raised a second family. He, too, and the
major part of his children went back to Massachusetts, or to Maine.
The lots which the Youngs took up included what is still known as
Young's Mountain, and Young Cove, extending, as did the others, from
the river to the shore of the Bay of Fundy. William and Samuel, sons
of Job, settled in Wilraot ; and Joseph and John married and settled in
what is now Digby County, whence a descendant removed to Yarmouth
County, and became a leading ship-owner there, but, after financial
reverses, died in California, where he had spent some years in his earlier
days.
640 YOUNG.
Job Youno, b. 1741, in. 1 7G;i, Hannah, dau. of Nath. Barnes. Children :
i. William, h. 17()4, m. 17!M), Mimm Parker: Ch. : I, Susanna, b.
175»1, u\. Diiniel McC(.rinick ; 2. Miriam, i). 17!>2, m. (1st) 1818,
Ann Wade, (2nd) Elizii VVadu, nir Troop ; 4, Edward Thome, b.
17!M}, m. (Ist) Mary Charlton, (2nd) Maria Rutleo ; 5, Job, b.
17!>8, m. Elizabeth Leonard (dau. of Abiel) ; «, Maria, b. 1802,
m. James Tobin. of Digby ; 7, Margaret, b. 1805 ; 8, Hannah, b.
1807, m. George S. Hawkeaworth ; !(, Statyra, b. 1800, m. James
Budd; 10, Curoline, b. 1811, m. Ward Neily ; 11, (Jeorge Fox,
b 18UJ. ni. Caroline Durland ; 12, Deborah, b. 1816, m. Adam
Durland ; 13, Eilwood, b. 1817, m. Eliza Bohaker.
ii. Samuel, b. 1705, m. 1700, Lydia Morse (dau. of Abner) : Ch, :
1, Samuel, b. 1707, m. (Ist) Sophia Spring, ne'e Haines, (2nd)
Elizabeth Carty ; 2, Sarah, b. 1700, m. Abram Covert ; 3, Abigail,
b. 1802, m. John Uaines ; 4, (Iraee, b. 1804, ni. Lsaac Dodge ;
5, Lydia, b. 1805, m. Jacob Davis ; (!. Mary Ann, b. 1808, m.
Hardy Parker ; 7, Miriam, b. 1810, m. Ennis Munroe ; 8, Joseph,
b. 1811, m. Eliza Young ; 0, Aaron, b. 1813, m. Mary Berteaux ;
10, Mo.ses, b. 1815, m. C.itharine Neily.
iii. Joseph, b. 1709, ni. Rachel Moore: Ch.: 1, .losejjh, d. unni. ;
'2, Lindley, m. Isabel Mackintosh (no i.ssue) ; 3, Phebe, m. (in
Belfast, Ireland) ; 4, Rachel, m. William Y. McClintock ; 6,
Rebecca, d. unm.
iv. Hannah, b. 1708, m. James Parker.
V. Timothy, b. 1771, d. 1824, m. 170(), Abigail Fletcher: Ch.: 1, David,
b. 1707, m. 1821, Sarah Bent (dau. of Seth) ; 2, Phebe, b. 1801, m.
William Nichols ; 3, Harriet, b. 1803, m. Caleb Morgan ; 4, Mary
Ann, b. 1805, m. Henry Milbury ; 5, Susanna, b. 1808, m. Henry
Munroe; 6, Elizabeth, b. 1811, m. Nelson Che.sley; 7, Israel, b. 1814,
m. (1st) — Parker, (2nd) Mary Ann McGregor ; 8, John, b. 1817.
vi. Job, b. 1773, m. 1800, Mary Wade : Ch. : 1, Elizabeth, b. 1801 ;
2, Silas, b. 1804, ni. Caroline ; 3, Alfred, b. 1800, m. (1st) Amy
Merritt, (2nd) Charlotte Covei t ; 4, Joseph, b. 1808 ; 5, Marion,
b. 1811, m. Abel Wade ; 6, Christina, b. 1813, m. Abraham
. Gesner ; 7, Amasa, b. 1815, m.; 8, James, b. 1818; 9, Charles,
b. 1820, m. Eunice Wade ; 10, William, b. 1823.
vii. John, b. 1776, m. Mnry Ann Bailey: Ch.: 1, William Henry, m.
Elizabeth Saxton ; 2, Stephen, m. (Ist) Mary Dorothea Rice,
(2nd) Rebecca Smith, nee Winchester ; 3, Phebe Ann, m. George
Dakin ; 4, Mary Elizabeth, m. Phineas Burns : 5, Cynthia Jane,
m. William Journeay ; 0, John, m. Lydia Hibbert ; 7, Hannah
Parker, d. unm.; 8, Margaret, unm.; 9, Job, m. (Ist) Elizabeth
Journeay, (2nd) Kate Abrams, nee Praisall.
viii. Nathaniel, b. 1777, m. Polly Cotton (no issue).
ix. Robert, b. 1779, m. (1st) 1800, Mary Dench, (2nd) 1824,
Miriam Moody: Ch.: 1, Patience, b. 1801, m. Thomas Wright;
2, Ebenezer, b. 1804, d. unm,; 3, Robert, b. 1806, d. unm.;
4, Elizabeth, b. 1809, m. Joseph Young ; 5, Nathan, b. 1811 ;
6, Lucy, b. 1813, m. Nathan Doudall ; (by 2nd wife) : 7, Mary,
b. 1828, m. Abraham Bent ; 8, Robert, b. 1830, d. unm. ; 9.
Ebenezer, b. 1831, m. (Ist) Keziah White, (2nd) Mary Wither-
spoon ; 10, John, b. 1833 ; 11. Israel, b. 1835, m. Francis LeCain.
X. Sarah, b. 1780, d. unm.
xi. Abraham, b. 1784, m. Hannah Wade : Ch. : 1, James, m. Sarah
Bettinson ; 2, Thomas, m. Lois Durland ; 3, Daniel, m. Cnroline
W^ilson ; 4, Calvin, m. Famitcha Troop ; 5, Hiram, m. Mary
Ann VanBlarcom ; 6, Abraham, m. (Ist) Jane Young, (2nd)
Abigail Sproule, (3rd) ; 7, Isaiah, m. Elizabeth Covert ;
8, Hannah, m. Darius O. Nutter ; 9, Isaac, m. Phebe VanBlarcom ;
10, Eliza, unm. ; 11, Jacob, unm. <- ,
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page 2. On discovering and entering the mouth of SissilxM) River
on June 10th, 1604, Demonts and Champhiin named it Port Sainte
Marguerite, St. Margaret. It was no doubt on Long Island that the
priest D' Aubrey was lost. The full name and addition of Deraonts was
Timothe Pierre Du Guast, Sieur de Monts. From Du (j uast comes the
modern French and Acadian name, Dugas.
Page 5. Poutrincourt, a Picardy gentleman, was Jean de Biencourt,
Sieur de Poutrincourt.
Page 7. The names of the two lonely occupants of the fort in July,
1606, were LeTaille and Miquelet.
Pages 9, 256. Poutrincourt was " Lord of the Manor " by transfer
from Demonts in 1605, which was confirmed by the King in 1607. It
was Poutrincourt's design to settle his family in America.
Page 11. The Masonic Stone. — This stone is here and at pages 17
and 31 spoken of as bearing the date 1609. Hon. Sandford Fleming,
C.M.G., who took it to Toronto for Mr. R. G. Haliburton, to deposit it in
the Canadian Institute, says the same in a book written by him, but he
may have followed Murdoch, who had never seen it. Through the care-
lessness of some official or servant of the Institute it was used by the
masons in the wall of an addition to their building, and authorities differ
so as to the real date that we must ever remain as much in the dark
about it as the stone is. I have even heard a tradition that it was 1605,
and that Haliburton, when he wrote his history, pp. 155, 156, had not yet
seen it, but spoke from a written description by its finder. If dated
1 605, it might have been meant to mark the beginning of their first edifice
— part of the corner-stone. A discussion on the subject appears in the
proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts for 1891. Dr.
Jackson was about to take the stone away to present it to the " Pilgrim.
Society" of Plymouth, when Mr. Haliburton fortunately, as we
would naturally say, but as the event proved, unfortunately, secured it. .
Dr. Jackson, M-riting in 1856, says he found it on the shore of Goat.
Island ; Haliburton in his History, in 1829, seems to intimate that it was .
found by the doctor on the point or peninsula of the Granville shore,
41
642 ADDITIONS AND COIUIPXTIONS.
opposite the Tslanr). Ilotli agree tlmt the «hvte on the stone was IfiOt),
although Halibui'toii says the "6 " was worn and indiNtinct. Dr. JaclcHun
anya it was a gravestone ; lialiburton says it was phiced on the point
by the Freneli to mark " the date of their first cultivation of tlie
soil, in memorial <ȣ their formal possession of the country." But
this is evidently wrong, because for such a purpose they would surely
use a national, and not a Masonic emblem; and they tirst cultivated the
«oil by planting a garden in 1605, and their cornfields planted in the
year of the date on the stone were, as has lieen shown, on the point or
cape within the present site of the town. If the date was 1600, it was
probably part of a gravtistone commemorating the man whose death
from wounds inflicted by Indians during Poutrincourt's voyage south,
occurred at the fort in November, 1606. (See pages 7 and H, ante.)
There is in the library of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts a rare
book entitled "Ahiman IIkzov of the Grand Lodge of Nova Hcotia,"
written in 1786, giving a history of Masonry in the Province to that
date. In it the following statements are made : "From Europe the Royal
Art crussed the Atlantic with the first emigrants. . . . It is said to
have been known in Nova Scotia while in the hands of the French."
Pages 16, 17, 182. It was not until after Chapter II. was printed
that my attention was called to Rev. Dr. Patterson's valuable papers
read before the Royal Society of Canada on Sir William Alexander's
colony and " The Last Years of Charles de Biencourt." The former, page
92, makes it clearer than is shown in these pages, that the survivors of
Argall's raid, under the leadership of Latour, and as has been generally
understood, of Biencourt, being wholly deserted by France, made full
submission to the authority of Alexander. But the long-received opinion
that Biencourt died about 1623 is shaken by Dr. Patterson's recent
discovery of two old MSS. offered for sale in Paris, one showing that
Charles Biencourt de Poutrincourt, born 1583, died about 1638, "son of
Sieur de Poutrincourt, governor in Acadia for M. Demonts " ; and the
other being a receipt of Charles de Biencourt, Sieur de Poutrincourt, for
three thousand livres as his salary for a year as Director of the King's
Academy, and dated December 31, 1621. It is hard to reconcile these
interesting documents with the statements relied on by Murdoch, Vol. I.,
p. 67, viz.: that of Champlain, Vol. II., p. 92, in 1624, that Biencourt
(whose then recent death it is supposed he had not yet heard of) had tlien
lived eighteen years in Acadie ; and that of Latour, in a petition by him
j(to the King cited by French writers, dated at Lomeron, in Acadie, July
•35, 1627, that Biencourt had died in Acadie four years previously. Bien-
ccourt, when he was sent to France by his father in 1610, is said to have
i.been about nineteen, and it would therefore seem that he must have
ibeeo born in 1591, eight years later than the one who ia now found
ADDITIONS AND (OKUKCTIONH. 848
ill Kriince i' 1621 and HI.'iH. A wclI-rPttd correHpondent* assures uu' it
was not uncommon in France in tiiose days for two sons to be jjiven tlie
saints Christian name, and lie distinguislied by titular designations or
"surnamos"; and that the Charh^sde IJieneourt, Sieur de Poutrincourt in
1621, might be a Ijrotlier of tl>e Charles de Biencourt, Baron de St. Just,
of Acadian fame and misfortune. When Poutrincourt set sail from St. Just,
in Champagne, in February, 1610, it is said that he had with him his
eldest son, Charles de Hiencourt, and a younger son, Jac(|ue8 de Bien-
court de Salazar.t
Pages 28, 4:^ 44. D'Aulnay died in 1G50. His grant of Hog Island
to Jiourgeois must have been at least ten years prior to the date indicated
on pages 43 and 44.
Page 82. The words "and Mascarene " at the end of the title of Chap-
ter VI., are due to a clerical error. Jean (John) Paul Mascarene was born
at Castras in Languedoc, France, in 1684, of un old and excellent family.
His father was Jean Ma.scarene, and his mother Margaret de Salavy.
His father after long imprisonment as a Huguenot, was transported from
France, and young Paul was brought up by an uncle, Ciesar Mascarene,
and his father's mother, Louise de Balarand. His father never saw him
after he was two years old, but died at Utrecht in 1698, aged thirty-eight
years, two days before the son succeedetl in reaching Utrecht from
Geneva to meet him. In 1707 Paul Mascarene was naturalized as a
British subject, and commissioned Lieutenant. In 1720 he was in
command of the British forces at Placentia, Newfoundland; but in 1721
we find he had returned to Annapolis. In 1750 he retired on the pay of
a Colonel of foot, and died in Boston, January 22nd, 1760. He married
Elizabeth Perry, of Boston, who died January Ist, 1729, leaving a son
and two daughters. J. Mascarene Hubbard, Es(|., of Boston, is a
descendant.
Pages 122-144. I am gratified to find that Dr. Bourinot, a gentleman
of Jersey extraction, and therefore not to be suspected of Acadian or
Franco-Canadian prejudices, in his recent excellent work, " The Story of
Canada," p. 198, characterizes as "atrocious" the scheme for the depor-
tation of the Acadians succe.ssfully executed by Lawrence. Here I may
* Mr. Placide P. (iaudet, Acadian genuulogist. He givos four cxainples, of which
I will citf three : Denis Gaudet, his ancestor, h. in France, 1012, ni. Martine Gau-
tior, buried at Port Royal, October II, 17(M>, left two sons, — Pierre, the elder, b.
1651, m. Anne Blanchard, and settled at BeaubaMsin ; and Pierre, the younger, b.
1054, settled at Port Royal : Pierre Conieau, b. in France in 1005, ni. Kose Bayola,
had two sons Pierre, one b. 1052, dif L'esturgeon ; the other, b. 1660, dit des Loups
Marins : and Jean Belli veau, b. 1651, son of Antoine Belli veau and Andr^e Guion,
m. Jeanne Bourque, and had four sons, of whom two were Jean, the elder, b. 1672,
in. Cecile Melanson, and removed in 1728 to Tracadie, P.E.I. ; the younger, b. 1674,
in. Marie Madelaine Melanson, d. at Port Royal, September 13, 1707, from a wound
i-eceived <luring the siege of that year. For all this he tiuotes parish records with
which he is familiar.
tMoreau, " Histoire de I'Acadie Fran9ai8e," Paris, 187 J.
644 ADUITIONH AND ('OltKE(m(>NH.
remark thiit M. Richard'H Hevcrn ficiiuncintinn of T'lirktnnn and IiIh
inuthcxls an an hiHttjrinn, <1(> not with juHticn apply to IiIh '* Half Cen-
tury of Conflict," for that work eontainH enough to fully osttihliHh the
concluHionH expreHHed hy nie in Chapter IX. Parkman, although HOine
t»f luN Htatements evince a Hpirit of unfairnens to the Acadiann, doeH not
an a rule exemplify, as Macaulay doeH, that in an hiHtorian truHtworthineHH
is one thing, and brilliancy another.
Pages 166, 168. Women Buif'orod no less severely than men in the
cruel proscriptions of Ijoyalists hy the promoters of the American
revolution. The wives of Ool. Beverley Robinson and Roger Morris,
daughters of Frederic Phillipse, descended from one of the founders of
New York, and Mrs. Inglis, wife of the Hrst, and mother of the third
bishop of Nova Hcotia, were by an Act of the liegislature of New York
attainted of high treason for their loyalty, and banished on pain of
death, the only case in wliich women were ever so dealt with in the
history of the English people. Mr. Bailey, on November 6, 1783, men-
lions that a Inidy of four hundred expatriated Txtyalists had perished by
shipwreck on their way to Annapolis. Joseph Wanton, jun., a descendant
of the Col. Wanton conspicuous at the siege of Port Royal in 1707 (page
/iG), was one of those whose property was confiscateci after the prace and
••ontrary to th« treaty. Others, on returning to tlieir old homes, were
seized and imprisoned.
The following schedule without date, endorsed " Abstract of difft.
Companies," was found among the papers of the late Amos Botsford, the
agent for settling the Loyalists, fre(|uently mentioned in the history of
the townships of Wilmot and Clements. I cannot explain the second and
following columns; but it would seem that 870 privates in loyal companies
were to have each one liundred acres of land in this county :
RETURN OF 8KTTLKRS AT ANNAPOLLS.
Compniiien,
Major T. Ward's 7.'> r»0 09 oT 22
Andrew Ritchie 62 29 21 41 13
Win. Clmndler 29 10 9 6 6
Richard Hill 28 23 29 20 2«
Nttth. Chandler 23 4 1
Chris. Benson 8 7 5 2 9
Uouwe Ditmars 79 47 45 68 23
John FolheniuH 27 23 25 19 23
Joshua Chandler 5 12 9 II 18
(Jabriel Piirdy 19 11 8 7 9
•Neil McNeil 86 46 35 38 29
Peter Allaire 28 16 8 12 4
* Great-grandfather of John 8. McNeill, Esq., late M.P.P., and now Registrar-
of Deeds, Digby County, and of a very numerous posterity in that county.
Cnmjtnnifi.
JcMiliim I>*t St. Croix 4.1
•folin Him-hnwiii !Vt\
Hunt a7
KIwii Wind ;w
i'lttrick HiiKK*'i'ty • ••'»
lliinluiilirook 41
:Wlh ft 40th Rojj; '2-J
.IiirviH ITi
Young !t't
Hilton 2")
Miij. 'I'hoM. Hiiggefonl 15
SuHttorcrH flO
H7()
H70 lit 100 ii(!r«H. Id74
l(l<R(
rrioNS.
(14.')
24
20
14
9
2->
22
27
l.'l
IH
2t{
2N
1
14
10
U>
1
12
i
»
12
24
2A
1.5
•A
1
, .
»
H
12
H
t2H
:v>
•M
lil
l»
12
\r,
H
H
»
12
rt
:»s
12
10
e
4IU
4SI
462
270
4r>i
4(12
270
Page 175. The followiiijir are the iiuineH of the Orand Jury of tlie
county from Hepteuilier term, 1796, to May term, 171)7 :
Kilwiiril Tliorno, Foruniiiii ; .lolin Hiiggleit, .lolin Slocnni, Itenlinn Tuckor, .Tanuiri
Kager, .John Ditniai-H, .lohii Kvtiil, .Joshua <lo St. Croix, .John Hill, John I'olhoniuH,
EliHha Jiuild, AnihroHo Haight, .Fohn AikiuH, Kohurt WolHcIuy, .Iomhu Hoyt, Charluit
Uoucet, .lohn Hurkutt, .Siiuiiiol Strcot, .lohii Ricu, ()l>ailiali Wheeloi-k, .JanieH Thorne,
Timothy Kuggleu, Asa Tuppor.
Of these John Hill, and a brother, Richard, LoyaliHts from I^ong Inland,
lived in Digby, and owned the htts and water-lots on Carleton Street and
Water .Street, eastwardly from Hircli Street. No posterity of the name
remain in tlie county, but the late Judge Hill, of the Supreme Court, was,
I think, of this family, as were the prominent Hill family of Antigonish.
There were long somewhat noted descendants of Reuben Tucker in
the county, among them Charles H., the well-known school-teacher and
poet of St. John, Ottawa, and Digby, not long deceased. Descendants in
female lines are to be found in some branches of the Ruggles and Thorne
families, and others. Probably he was not related to Dr. Tucker, the
Sheriff. Aikens and Street have been mentioned on pp. 170 and 250.
The old records of the Se.S8ion8 of the Peace are lost, or I would give
a list of the town officers of the other townships "a hundred years ago."
Page 178. It ought to have l)een mentioned in connection with the
subject of education in the town that Mr. Watts, referred to on page 297
as a minister of the Church of England, was, in 1728, the first school-
teacher in the town of whom we have any record, and that John Bass,
a brother of the Joseph whose family record appears on page 474, and of
the first bishop of Massachusetts, a graduate of Harvard in 1761, came
(i4({ ADhlTlONS AND (OltltKcTIONS.
luti'H Hliortly tit'tttr tliiit (liit)<, iiiui tiiii;;lit hcIiooI many yniirM. Ili> (li<><l nt
Nnw All>iiiiy at an advaniM-il a^c 'rii<> liuildin^ in which MoNaniara
conducted hin aciuii>niy MttMMl on th*> Hit** of th)> old raihoad station until
t\w land was (ixpropriatcd for thx {lurposcH of tho railroad, whon it whh
Hiild, and iM'ooniinK the |>i'()|it'rty of Mr. Urdc, was ri>niov«>d to St. JanieH'
Strtwt and titU'd up as a dwt'llin^, and ntill stands in a renovated and
attractiv*' condition next oastwanlly to tin- new Music Hall.
PaK« \^'>y Tln'"collin plat«'," so to sp«'ak, of t\w old hlock houso,
with " IHHl," tho yi'ar of its " passinj,',' cn^jravcd on it, consists of a
silvfi' hand around th«' head of u walking stick niadc of sonir of its w<km1
at tlie time, att a memento, for H. K. (iillis, F]si|. ThtTt* was no litth^
excitement in the town when it was known that the work of demolition
hiul commenced. An attempt was made hy some of the citizens to stay
thi' hand of the destroyer, an<i a suiiscription was on the same day started
to repair the danwige already done ; iiut the Kat had gone forth from
Ottawa at the instance of the occupant of the otiier buildings in the
fort, whose representatiimi proved mistaken.
Pages •J89-21)l, H-i-fy. The first Kxecutive (Council under Uesponsihle
(iovernment, when the House of Assembly met on February 3, 1841, con-
sisted of Hon. S. B. Robie, M.L.C. ; Sir Itupert I). (Jeorge, Bart., M.L.C. ;
Hon. J. W. Johnstone, M.L.C., Solicitor-General ; Hon. K Murray Dmld,
M.P.P. ; Hon. Thomas A. S. DeW..lfe, M.P.P. ; H(.n. Alexander Stewart,
M.L.C. ; Hon. James B. Uniacke, M.P.P. ; Hon. S. (}. W. Archibald,
M.P.P., Attorney-CJeneral ; Jos.'ph Howe, M.P.P., James McNab, M.P.P.
On February 1 1 the House went into connnittee on the general state
of the Province for the purpose of eliciting explanations respecting the
policy of the Government and the effect of the recent political changes.
Mr. Howe, although a member of the Government, w.is Speaker of the
House. Kvery member of the (Jovernment in the House spoke on thi.s
occasion, defining the position of the Cabinet and of himself as a meinl>er
of it. A report of the speeches will be found in the A^ora Si'otian
newspaper for February IH, 18+1. A similar discussion occurred in the
Legislative Council on the 17th of the samt? month, when Mr. Johnstone
spoke at length ; and on the 1 8th, when Hon. S. B. Robii^ and Hon.
Alexander Stewart spoke. These were reported in the Xora Scolian of
the 25th, and may be referred to as evidence that Responsible Government
was then fully established. On April 28 of this year Mr. Johnstone
succeeded Mr. Archibald as Attorney-General.
Dr. Bourinot ("Story of Canada," p. 362) thinks that T^rd Falkland
"became the mere creature of the Tory party, led by Mr. John.stone";
and it might appear that he evinced undue subserviency to that section
of the Cabinet when he consented to Mr. Almon's appointment to the
Executive. The seat should have been given to Mr. Huntington, Mr.
AUDITIONS AND roUUK<TlON.S. 647
IIowo'h altic liouti'iiant iiiul it truNt<>i| NnuIi-i- of IIm> |)<i|>iilar iiiiiv(>ni**nt ;
liut I iippri'li«'ii(l tliJH Htt>]> liiui Immmi n>ii(i«>r«><l iiiiprikctiriiUIn by tlit* ineooii-
ciliiltl*! <litV<>r<>tic*> tliiit. Iiiul tiiiMeri Ix'twt'fii Mr, Il(isv<> mid Mr. iloliiiNtont)
(III the Colli'f^o i|UfNli<>ii, Hut for tliin (litl'*>r(>ticc, tin- HtruKgl'' wliioli <miii-
vulHod till" ProviiuM' from 1843 t«) 1847 would not havo oot-urrod, urd»mH
tlio prov««rl)ial arioinaly of "two kiiiKs in liriMitford '' nMidcred moiiih mucIi
dill't'rofifo in«'vital»l(f. ( )nc« tin' Htruxulc Iw^aii it was oaHy topnxluct* thi<
iiiiprfHsiuii that Mr. JolitiHtoiu) Htoo<l for tiiti ourtailint^tit an<l Mr. Ilowo
for th« oxtcnsiun of popular ri),;litH. Kriorinous puWIiu int't'tiriKH, attcixitMi
hy crowdH from loiij{ distarii;«'H, wnr*' litOd in this I'ounty during tho four
years of intons*'! and hittor strife. There was a very notahle one at Pine
(Srove, presi(h>d ovt'r l»y Major Chipnian, Km(|., addressed by Mr. Mown.
Mr. Jolnistone, in reply, delivered a most able and brilliant speech of flv«
hours' len>{tli in a barn near Hridxetown. Mr. Howe replied to this in a
series of surpassingly able letters adtlressed to Major Ohipinan, and pub-
lished and distril)uted in pamphlet form. Afterwards, Mr. Howe invit«>d
Mr. Johnstone to a joint meeting, held, I think, in Annapolis, Mr. Howe
having with liini his able and ehxpient co-worker, Mr. (afterwards Hon.
Hir) William Young, and Mr. .lohnstont* being assisted by Mr. (afterwanls
Hev.) .lames J. liitchie. The addresses at these gatherings were in the
liighest style of oratory, and Mr. Johnstone, although unequal to Mr. Howe
in the ad caplandmn arts, and without a particle of his humour, showed
a capacity for close reasoning and sustained (lights of lofty eloquence,
apparently inspired by an inward consciousness of rectitude, with occa-
sionally a vein of caustic sarcasm, all proving him fitted for a wider and
more important sphere.
After the passage (tf Mr. Howe's measure to extend the franchise tt>
all ratepayers, Mr. Johnstone introduct^d and carried a measure establish-
ing manhood suffrage, and two elections were run under it. Afterwards,
Mr. Howe and tfie Liberal party very wisely repealed this and restored
an assessment basis, but a restrict<nl one, with levisiim and registration.
The comparative brevity of Mr. Johnstone's tenures of power may be
attributed largely to his ignorance and contempt of those tactics un-
happily so re(|uisite to success under a popular system of government,
no matter how pure tho motive or exalted the aim of the statesman.
Undivided and engrossing attention to the public interests is sometimes
incompatible with the watchfulness and cunning neoessaiy to guard
against the wily advances of an Opposition ably and artfully led in the
press and parliament. When he introduced his bill to abolish township
representation he admitted that it would deprive him of two supporters
from the township of Halifax ; but he expected that the merits of this
and his other measures would commend his administration to the people
generally. He was defeated by a parliamentary majority of tliree at the
election which followed.
CAH Ar»i)rn<tNs anh rouitKorioNs.
It hIioiiM liavc Ihm-ii iiHtiitioiiod in tint iiKMiioir of Mr. •loliriHloiio Ihut.
l(i'Hi(l«m liis ^rciit. ^iflH hh an orator, hit (liH|iliiy<-<l in tlitt wicial circle uiomI/
lirilliiiiit iind faKi;inHtin;{ (-onviM.sationiil poworM.
i'a^it 2'JK. Hin<;(t this paj^o waH printocl I for tho firHt tiint! noti<!<«l
tliat th« lato J)r. Akin.s, in hiH " IliHtory of llalii'ax," p. 71, ^ivtm ll<>v.
Dr. Ilntyiiton, llrtitor (»f Ht. PaiilH, thi- orinlit of (tHtahliMliin^ Um firHt
iSun<lay HchiMil in Nova Scotia, "ahoul 1 7H.'5, porhapH a littln hiUtr." If
latfr tlian ITH.I, I'Virnian may yttt hav<t antif^ipatt-d liini. Hut thti Kcv.
li. I>. DttHloiN, in an alilr (lapnr on tho old church in Annapoliii, just
puhliHhitd, HayH that H<!V. Mr. Watts, in I7'-'H, opttnod "on« of tho Jirst
•Sunchiy Hi^hools taught in th<t Province." This takits away thtt |>ahn from
Kaik<ts himsolf, immortaii/,(td as the founder of Sunday Schools. The
<liHlin(;tion has also lieon (tlainxMl for liitv. John Wesley.
I'a^e liH't. The fo' lowing are the names of the .liistices of the |'ea<;e
for the County of Annajiolis from tlu; division of the county to IK4!),
iifUu' which, I think, it is ^eixtrally concedctd that the olti<;e lost much of
itn former importance and prestij^e, partly owin^ to tlit- j^ieat imtrease of
uppointnients, aixl partly to the diflerent motivos that inspired them :*
IH37, Kicliiiril .laiiiim ; IN.'iH, iHrui;! W. Itii^^les, llt-nry IIiiiIhiiii, I'ntiir Dii UiiiiMiy.
.John 'i'lipitm', .loMitpli .Sliiiw, ( 'liurliw Wliitimin, (idorxo Vrnoin, Williiiiii MiirrlH ;
IH'1'2, SiiiiMi)!! liiHliop (/hipiiian, lleruy (iiiMiii^i', Diiviil (.'. I^uiiIith, I'uli^r lioriiiott,
.loliri liatJi, .lolui Knop, jiiri., Aliens M. (!iilii<;y, lliiii(lliiy .Stiirratt, Kilwanl Katoii,
Wi'Hton llali, U'illiaiii It. Tiinilnill, (i<«.,'({it llairin, Airxamh-r Kuwlrr ; iH-i.'t, .lacoli
Kitiiiptiin, 'riioiiiaH ISiigart ; IHir>, JairirH (iray, I'Iijikmih Oakt^s, Daniol Nii'liols, •lolin
KoHH, WuitiT Williitt, •liiliii MjIIh, ■laiiicM I'otti'i', M(iH(!H Sliaw : 181.''), KtiiHStrotiacli ;
IK4H, Al)el CliiitK : IHtl), Williaiii Kaii<<all, AuHtiii VVorxllitiry, TIioh. C. Wliititlurk,
Kri Weltoii, Wiliiaiii II. 'I'l'iiop, <iilliitrt, Kra^li, K'lwanI II. Kilv.raiiilnlpli, Walter
KickotHori, .Vliiiri' 'I'lippt!!', .InHi^pli VVhiDiJork, Holxirl II. liatli, ■loiiii K. liat.li, .laini^s
lAtunlry, KoliiM't I'ai'ktir, Knliiirt Mills (2iiil), .liiliti Ktuiiiedy, Aiiilritas lioliakiM-,
William K. I'oltur, •laiiinH |{ali:i)tii, •IdIiii WilKori, I'lttm MiiJilltiiiiaH, Arthur I)ihI){ii,
JomI Itaiiks, Sainuiil MalcDiii, .((inlati Mi^HHiiii^nr, VVilliarii I'l^^iitl., Aiiiirt^w llttiider
Hdli, iMaac Willi:) t., .Inliii Sliiiriior, 'riioiiiaM WliiM^lock, MilwanI Baker ('itnl).
I*a;^es .'{.'{'.t and 4"J*). /\t. these places respeiiti vely should liave heen
intriMluced l)iof,'raphical memoirs of I'iiinkah Lovi'.tt, .Iu.n., M.P.I'., and
•Iamkh Ri'hhkm, I.ovktt, M.IM*., the former of whom, know,i iis Ool.
liovett, was first elected in !77r), and the latter in 1H'J7 ; i)Ut the author
h^ft no materials fioni which I could have framed them. During one
Himsion, i'hineas Lovett, sen. and jun., were (contemporary memlters,
although it does not appear that tiie former served ; and I'hineas, jun ,
was for a sliort time sherifF. (See pp. Ifi'J, '^Hfi, IWi.) i''atiiei', son and
^randuun of a family once numerous and influential in the county, hut
now for the most part flourishing heyond its horderu, represenl,ed its
people in the l^effislature — a rare occurrctnce. I am now informed that.
* A fui! of |.'( is iiiiw (tliargitil liy tliu Oiivitrniiieiil on a iiiagiHlriite'H coiiiiiiiHHioii,
Ar)r>ITI(»fH ANT) r'oliHKOTloNS. (54!)
I'liiiKtas IaiviiH, jiiii., lived at lloiuid Mill ; t.liiil> •liiiiieH H. r^ovtitt wan
Itiirri tli(M'i) ill I7KI, and wlii-ii fiiHt itlfcd-d lived and carried on liusinitHH
tlieri! ; tlia(. lie ntiiioved to Annapolis, where lie wan a general inercliant
an<l oontra<;tor, and liiiill for ii reHideiuu) and Htore the large hotiHe now
known as tlie"Uliftoti llotiHe" Hotel, and that he died in I8(i'l at the
resi<ien(!e of Mr. I'. Mcl'hee, hJH noii in law, at Halifax.
Pages .'{;{!*, 407 and r»7.{. .Ioiin llmiiiii;, M.I'.P., and 'I'iiomah lilT<;iilK,
M.IM'., son of Andrew. I have now no <loiil>t that these tM'o gentlemen
were eoiisins-gtu'iiian. 'I'he deceased author appears to have |HiHseHsed
eviden<!(; that the uncle and nephew, Andrew iiikI John, wert^ in (lartner
ship as inerchants in Annapolis as early as 1777, or even earlier. This, of
courH(% might have, linen the case, although the eldiu* still resided in
Itoston. From the list on page (ill, it would appear that. Andrew
Rit.(;lii(% fatlier or son, was ciiptjiin of a (;oiii|)aiiy of loyal troops.
I'age .'HI. Thomas iJarcilay was a great giamlnephew of the cf^le
hrated Francis Uarclay, author of the "Apology for the Peopl« ('ailed
t^uakers," a lirotlier of whom, Mr. Uarclay's greatgrandfather, was
associated with I'eiiii in the coloni/.ation of I'eniisylva lia and New
•lersey. 'I'he grandfather of Thomas ahandoned the "Society of Friends "
for the (/liurch of l'4igland at about middle age. Hy intermarriage with
the liest families of the early Dutch settlers of New York, th« lilood
of that people largely prevailed over the ancestral Norman -Httotch and
Knglish in his veins. In Kivingt.on's ft'd.zfffitrr, New York, under date
of October 2, 177r>, tho following marriage notice appeared : "This
evening were married at Union Hill, in the borough of Westxihester,
New York, John Watts, Jun., Ks<|., Recorder of New York, to Miss
Jane |)e Laiic(^y ; and Thomas II. Ilarclay, Ks(|., to Miss Susannah iJe
Lancey, daughters of the late I'eter l)e harKjey, ICs«|.
" ' I<<iiiii<l tiiitir niipliu! Ix^iis,
(Iiiv(iriM)( with iiiirpic wiii^H, tli' lilahiiii lioy
Shook from IiIn ritiiiiiiit tordi llie ItlisKfiil lirit.'i
of iniio(:(!iil iU'Mii(!H,
And V'cniiH Hi'iittui'uii niyrtUm.' "
I'age .'{'.).'J. Mr. Moody's sword was presented to (!apt. Hetijiimin
McConnell, jun., of a family from whom Mc^t'onnell's Hill, a little west
of (iilbert's Covo, on the St. Mary's Hay K<iad. t«K)k its name. All of the
family have long since removed to Ontario. I'Vom Henjamiii the sword
passed to his son lOlisha, of Malahide, Out., and from him to his son,
Klisha Newton Mc(Jonneil, of that pla«!e,
Page 171. IUhs. The stateint-nt that John, brother of the Joseph
hass whose family record is here given, settled at Liverpool in an error.
And I am now informed that this Jo.seph li/id no son John ; in fact, there
(ioO ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
was none given in the author's record. T um also informed tliat this
Joseph's wife was Elizabetli Searle. The true order and dates of Ids
children were : 1, Sarah, b. xVug. 14, 1748, d. younj^ ; 2, Alden, b. July 12,
1750 ; 3, Sarah, b. Sov. 12, 1751 ; i, Elizabeth, b. May 8, 1753 ; 5, William,
b. Nov. 23, 1755; 6, Lydia, b. Oct. 11, 1757 ; 7, Edward, b. Feb. 26,
1760; 8, Thankful, b. July 24, 1762 ; 9, Joseph, b. July 7, 1767— the
last two in Annapolis, the others in Dorchester, Mass. William and
Alden removed to Nictaux, Edward to Newburyport, Mass. In 1657^
John Bass, son of the immigrant ancestor, Samuel Bass, married Ruth,
daughter of John Alden and Prlscilla Mullins, immortalized in Lojig-
fellow's poem. Joseph, a grandson of Samuel, married Elizabeth Breck,
and was the father of the Bishop, and of the two Annapolis County
pioneers. The Barsses, of Queens County, are from a collateral l)rancli.
Page 480. Bertkaux. From some Annapolis records by Rev. Mr.
Wood, found at St. Paul's, Halifax, it appears that " Philip Edward, son
of Philip and Afari/ Berteaux " (probably his first wife), was baptized Sep-
tember 13, 1770. His second wife was probably Martha, not Elizabeth
Gould.
Page 490. Further genealogy of Chipman (from the " Chute Gene-
alogies "):
John {J^th child ami eldexi Kuri' •'lUj xon of Hamlley) and Eunice (Dixon)-
Chu'Man had oh.: 1, John Hancock, b. May!), 1770, m. Elizabeth Osborne;
2, Handley, b. Aug. 26, 1771 ; 3, Charles, I). July !>, 1772, ni. Dec. 3, 1789,
Eunice, dau. of Mason Cogswell ; 4, George, b. April 23, 1774, m. — Fraser,
wid. ; 5, Elizabeth, b. June 18, 1775, d. in infancy ; 6, Elizabeth, b. May 30,.
1776, m. S. Herman Burbage ; 7, Eunice, b. Aug. 9, 1777, d. in infancy ; 8,
Eunice, b. June 30, 1778, ni. David Whidden ; 9, Allen, b. March 26, 1780,
ui. — Gardner, of Liverpool, \.S.; 10, Daniel, b. April 21, 1782, ni. Sarah
Bishop (7 ch.) ; 11, Lavinia, b. Nov. 21, 1783 ; 12. Jane, b. March 19, 1785,
in. Timothy, son of Timothy and Elizabeth Barnaby ; 13, William, b. Dec. 9,
178fi ; 14, Jared I., b. May 22, 1788 ; 15, Olivia, b. March 8, 1790.
The words "by second wife," on page 490, are misplaced. Williaiii Allen
was evidently by first wife, but there is some uncertainty about the date of
Nancy's birth, and whether she was of first or .second family.
Pages 493, 494. Further genealogy of Clark :
William (son of likhard) and Joanna (Dunn) Clark had ch.: 1, Henrietta,
m. Priestly Milbury ; 2, Su.san, m. William Nichol ; 3, William, \n. F^thelinda
Rice ; 4, Maria, m. William Short (his 2nd wife) ; 5, Letitia, m. Henry Craig ;
(5, Edward, m. Theresa Parker.
JosEi'H (sOTi of Richard) and Maria (Morgan) Clark had ch. ; 1, Sophronia,^
m. (leorge Nichol ; 2, Rachel, m. Joseph Burton Chute ; 3, Mary, m. Edmund
Cornwall ; 4, Robert, d. unni. ; 5, Philenda, m. Edward Rice ; 6, Harriet, m.
.lohn Cornwall ; 7, Emma, m. .lohn Gilliland ; 8, Charles, m. Eliza Quigley v
9, Henrietta, u).
Joseph (moh ii/ Hubert) and Hannah (Eagleson) Clark had ch.: 1, Maud ^
2, .Josephine ; 3, Robert Joseph Norman.
RioHARn {xon of Robert) and Elizabeth Ann (Schafner) Clark had ch.r
1 (only), James, m. Emma Greenwood.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 651
John (.ion itf John) and Louisa (Berry) Clark had no sons who left issue.
RoKERT Rai.I'H (.i'*)i of John) and Maria (Durland) Clark had ch. : 1,
Hubert, ni. Eli/A Sullivan (no issue) ; 2, Charluttn, m. Albert Craig ;
\\ Major, d. unm. ; 4, Edwin, ni.; 5, Abraham, ni. Maria Livingstone;
(5, Mary Eliza, in. Henry Gardner ; 7, Sarah Ann, m. Gilbert .Jaccjues ; 8,
Wesley, m. Anna Harris ; !), (Ja harine, m. Andrew Lyons ; 10, Celeda, m. ;
11, Augusta, ni. Daniel Giles ; 12, Maynard, ni. Louisa Morton.
William Hknry {xon of Henni) and Prudence (Reagh) Clark had eh.:
1, Sarah, m. Phineas Whitman ; 'J, Mary P., ni. George Steers; .S, (Ulbert, d
unm.; 4, Henry, ni. Maria Pendleton ; 5, Wallace, ni. Rosalia Brennan ;
(), Isaac, m. Abbie Merrill; 7, John W., unm.; 8, Charles R., m. Emma
Merrill ; 9, Thomas Ansley ; 10, William Hrenton ; 11, Arthur Stanley.
T cannot, perhaps, more fitly close this work than by conimeiuling to
the people of this county, for wliose benefit especially it was undertaken
by the deceased author, and brought to a conclusion by me, the senti-
ments of him who drew from tiie early history of its cliief town the
inspiration for "The Rising Villa,?e " :
" Happy Britannia ! thougii thy history's page
In darkest ignorance shroiids thine infant age,
-Matur'd and strong, thou sliin'.st in manhood's prime,
The first and brightest star of Kuro[)e's clinic,
The inu'se of science, and tlie seat of arts,
The liome of fairest forms and gentlest hearts ;
The land of lieroea, generous, fi'ee and brave.
Tlie noblest conciuerors of the field and wave ;
Thy flag, on every sea and shore unfurleil.
Has spi-eail thy glory antl thy thunder lun-Icd.
When, o'er the earth, a tyrant would have thrown
His iron chain, and culled the worhl liis own.
Thine arm preserved it in its darkest hour.
Destroyed his iiopes and crushed his dreaded power.
To sinking nations life and freedom gave,
Twas thine to conquer, as 'twas thine to save.
, " Then blest Acadia I ever may tiiy name,
Like hers, be graven on tiie rolls of fame ;
May all thy sons, like iiers, be brave and free.
Possessors of her laws and liberty ;
Heirs of her splendour, science, power and skill,
And through succeeding years her ciiildrcn still ;
And fi3 the sun, wiih gentle dawning ray.
From night's dull bosom wakes and leads tiie day.
His c<mrse majestic keeps, till in the height
He glows one blaze of pure exhaustless light ;
So may thy years incn-ease, thy glories rise
T'o be the wonder of the western skies ;
.\n<l bliss and peace encircle all tiiy shore,
I'ill empires rise and sink, on earth, no more."
INDEX.
The (IfHcnloijux, bfiiiij in alphahftieal order, furnixh their oini index.
Acadia, purchased by Madame de Guer-
cherville, 13 ; ai>andoiied by Poutrin-
coiirt, 14 ; occupied by Sir William
Alexamler, IH ; re-ceded to France, 19 ;
lioundarieH of, 28 ; concjuered by Sedg-
wick, 29 ; granted by Cromwell, 30 ;
re ceded to France, 31 ; population of,
in 1(S83, 34; in 168U, 35; famine in, 40;
finally becomes a British possession, 62.
AcADiANS, Account of, by Villebon, 41 ;
ordered to choose deputies, 68 ; ten-
dered oath of allegiance, 69 ; take
({ualified oath, 74 ; elect new deputies,
78 ; always anxious to leave the Pro-
vince, 129, 130; their character criti-
cised, 82 ; by Phillipps, 84 ; vindicated
by the Editor, 133 ; their fidelity under
Du Vivier's threats, 105, 132, 138; their
partiality to France, 107 ; withstand
Ramezay's threats at (Jrand Pr«^, 111,
112, note; reward offered for twelve
charged with treason, 112; called on
to swear allegiance, 114; their sad
doom approaching, 117; deprived of
their arms, 117, 123; ask ami are
refused leave to remove, 1 17 ; deputies
meet (iovernor Lawrence, 118 ; instruc-
tions to Major Handfield for their
removal, 119; vessels engaged to
transport them, 121 ; some escape
deportation, 122, 141 ; subsequent fate
of these, 141 ; delegates to Halifax
shipped to N. Carolina, 124 ; families
of these scattered elsewhere, 124 ; their
buiblings burnt, 124, 125, 141 ; their
expulsion first asked for by Massachu-
setts, 127 ; always detained contrary
to treaty, 129 ; Gov. Shirley's opinion,
130 ; allowed to take qualified oath as
inducement to stay, 131 ; motives in
keeping them, 130, 131 ; their utility
to the English, 130, 137, 138; friendly
and hostile governors, 132 ; their dis-
tressing condition as neutrals, 1.33 ;
find effort to get away, 134; pathetic
petition styled "insolent," 134, 135;
indiscriminate punishment of, 13P ;
necessity of the act not perceived by
Br. Government, 137, 138 ; their per
Bonal effects appropriated by Lawrence
and his friends, 139 ; except cattle and
flocks which starve at Grand Pre, 139 ;
never accounted for by Lawrence, 139;
discussion of the subject many years
stifled, 123, note, 139, 140 ; opinions of
Sir B. Watson, 125 ; of Rev. Andrew
Brown, 141 ; of Murdoch, 140; num
ber deported from Annapolis, 141 ;
Rameau's account of the return of
survivors and settlement at Clare, 142 ;
loyal in the revolutionary war, 163.
Adventists, 307.
Alexander, Sir William, obtains patent,
16 ; builds fort, 17 ; ordered to demol-
ish it, 18 ; his colony, 17, 18.
Allain's River, called Mill Brook, 9 ;
Leciuille, 9 ; ,Tenny River, 70 ; Bridge
built over, 170.
Allain, Louis, imprisoned, 63.
Alline, Rev. Henry, 302.
Ambernian family, 516, note.
American revolution, 161 ; attitude of
people of Annapolis, 162.
Annapolis Royal, first cultivated, 8 ;
first so called, 63, 65 ; description of,
in 1716, 67 ; in 1721, 70 ; grants of
land in, 77, 78 ; description of, in 1743,
97; in 1782 and 1789, 169; in 1804,
176; in 1826, 180; attacked l)y In-
dians, 72 ; by Indians under l>e la
Loutre, 99 ; l)e8ieged by I)u Vivier,
101 ; attacked by Marin, 106 ; threat-
ened by Ramezay, 110 ; a depot for Bay
of Fundy ports, 116; prominent resi-
dents in, 1755-1760, 147; 1770-1775,
157, 158, 159 ; in 1804, 176 ; threatened
with invasion by revolted colonies, 162;
arms for defence supplied, 162 ; plun-
dered and two leading citizens cap-
tured, 163 ; anticjuity of, and true
date of founding discussed, 181 ; barns-
and cornfields on present site escape
destruction by Argall, 182 ; incorpora-
tion of, and first town council, 186.
€54
INDKX.
AiiriupoliH, ti)wiiHlii|> of, 14'); Hrst Krunt-
L'<!H of, Ui(\ ; ])aaHL'ng(.TH hy Charmiinj
Molly, IfiO, 151 ; later arrivnlH, 151 ;
(liviiicd into lotH, 152 ; iiiiiiiuh of adult
inhabitants, tlieir faniiliea ami offeetH,
at varly dates, 1,52, 15.'>, 171 ; Hiininiary
of ccnmis of 1768, 154 ; of cunwUM of
1770, 15<i : state of, 1770 to 17H0, 158 ;
rustic HOL'ial hahitH, 150 ; effeetH of
American revolution, Uil ; attitude of
the peoi)le, 102 ; war with France, 1703,
174; effects of the war of 1812, 177,
284, 285.
Anne, Queen, her letter, K5.
Apple trade, 322.
Argall destrovH Port Royal. 13, 14.
Armstrong, Capt., 07, 183, note ; made
Lieut. -(lovernor, 73; lulniinisters tjuali-
Ked oath to Aomlians, 74 ; cruel pun-
ishment of his servant, 75 ; liis com-
plaints against Father Jireslay and
Cosby, 70 ; his trouble with the Aca-
dians, 77 ; suspends Winniett from the
(Council, 84 ; severely censures him to
the Br. Govt., and becomes friendly to
him, 84 ; commits suicide, 02.
Arson, crime of, committed, 91 ; execu-
tion for, 293.
Attorney, first in Annapolis, 80.
Aidirey, priest, lost on Digby Neck or
Long Island, 2, nott, 041.
Aull, John, 200.
Aymar, James, 247.
Bailey, Rev. Jacob, 164, 100, 297. (See
Genealogies.)
Balcom family, 255. (See Genealogies.)
Baltzor, or Bolsor, 199. (See (genealo-
gies. )
Baptist body, 290 ; churches, 303 ; first
Association in the Dominion, .303 ;
Annapolis and (iranville one church,
304.
Barnard, Rev. John, his diary of the
siege in I6J7, 54-58.
Barrat, Mfidame, 44.
Barrack-masters, 184.
Bass, 236, 324, 649-650. (See Genealo-
gies. )
Bayard, Col. Samuel V., 81, 233, 2.34 ;
bridge, 236, 305.
Bear Island granted to Henry Daniel, 92 ;
shelters Imbert's vessel, 256.
Bear River, 5 ; at first named " St.
Anthony's River," 5 ; named Imbert's
River, 257 ; first called Htibert's
River, 258, 259 ; this name survived
with the French, 259 ; forms boundary
between Annapolis and Digby, 287.
Beardsley family, 497, note
Belleisle, Lc Borgne, Sieur de, assumes
authority, 31 ; lord of the manor, 35 ;
Widow of, 44 ; settlement so called, 33,
193.
Benson, 247.
Bent, family of, 190 ; Charles (iramlison
founds Ljike Pleasant settlement, 281.
(See Genealogies.)
Borgier, .34.
Hiard, Father, 12, 182.
Biencourt, " (Joat " Island Hrst naincil
for, 5 ; goes on a mission to France, 1 1 ;
returns, 12; holds conference with
Argall, 14, 181 ; remains in Acadia, 16;
submits to Sir William Alexander, 16,
642 ; dies in Acadia, 10 ; his supposed
return to and death in France discussed
642.
Biographical and genealogical sketches of
early Knglish settlers, arranged alpha-
betically, Armstrong -Young, 465 to
640 ; IJeardsley, 497, note ; Bass, Ber-
teaux, Chipman, ('lark, corrected, (i(0,
650.
IJlack, Rev. Wm., 304, .305.
IJlockhouse, 108; on Dauphin St., 81;
the latter removed, 114; old block-
house demolished, 183, 046. (See
Krrata. )
Bloody Creek, massacre at, 64.
Bloomington, 27*':.
Bogart family, 247. (See Genealogies.)
Bomb-proof. See " Fort."
Bonaventure in connnand, 45.
Bonnett, 247, 306.
Bimdroit, 34, 35.
Boulardarie, 53.
Bounty for new land cleared, 117, 217,
238, 255.
Bourgeois, Jacob, 30, 44.
Breda, Treaty of, 31, 44.
Bridges at Hicks' Ferry, 222 ; Allain's
River, Saw-mill Creek, Moose River,
Nictaux, Windsor, 282.
Bridgetown, 222 ; laid out in town lots,
223 ; becomes joint shire town, 288.
Brouillan, De, becomes governor, 41 ;
charge against, 43 ; sails for Fi'ance,
45 ; his death, 46.
Cahouet, 64, 80.
Campbell, Mrs Agatha, n^« Latour, 86,
91 ; Rev. J. Moore, 298.
Canadians, celebrate<l, descended fi-om
settlers in Annapolis County, 170, note \
250, note.
Cape, the, 33.
Capitation tax-list, township of Annapo-
lis, 171 ; Granville, lost, 215; Wilmot,
230 ; Clements, 251.
Census of 1671, 31 ; of 1686, 35 ; of 1714,
66 ; modern census returns iu detail,
318-321.
Champlain accompanies Demonts, 4, no<« ;
his map, 5 ; winters at Port Royal. 9.
Charming Molly, passengers by, 150.
Charnisay, See " D'AuTnay."
INDEX.
655
Chowley family, 190; Rov. Hol>crt A.,
307. (Seo (ieneaIogii!H. )
<'hipiiiuii, further gunealogy of, tiSO.
ChriHtiaiiitv first pruached in America,
1, '2«tt.
<.'hurch at P(irt Roval, new one Imilt, 44,
88, 180; at DuIh'oiiHiu, 2(18 ; Kt Liiku's,
17fl, 171* ; at Pino (irove, 241 ; opjMwite
(ioat iHlanil, '291. \
Churches, other, 278, 2%", :121 ; at Pine
(irove, 241 ; Roman Catholic. 21M»-21H ; '
Church of England, 298 .'100 ; Congre-
gational, 300-304 ; Haptist, 304, .3().i ;
Methodist, 305-307 ; Presbyterian, 308;
A<lventist, 2.J8, 307, 308.
Chute family, 191), 23H. (Sec (icnealogies. ) \
Clark, further genealogy of, (i'lO.
Clonients, towuHhip of, 243 ; grantees of,
24U ; capitation tax-payers in, 2<51 ;
houuties for newly-cleared land, 2r>.).
Clemont.sport, 244 ; church at, 300.
(Ilementsvale, 243, iio/i'.
Close communion, 303.
Commission of the Peace. 75.
Commission to settle boundary with
Massachusetts, 90.
Corbitt, Ichabod, 178. (See (ienealogies.)
Cosby, 72, 93 ; death of, 95.
Council, F^xecutive, first formed for Pro-
vince, t)8 ; new appointments to, 76 ;
first under responsible government, 1
646. j
Council, county, 291 : list of first mem- ■
bers, 316, 317.
Council, town, 186.
County of Annapolis created, 195.
Court of Justice established, 69 ; Common
Fleas, 157 ; Circuit, 173.
Court-house, 173 ; burned, 286.
Cross, William, 176, note.
Custos Rotulorum, list of persons holding
the office, 316.
Cuthbert, Rev. Robert, censured, 72.
Dalhousie settlement, 260 ; road sur-
veyed, 261 ; altered, 267 ; population
in" 1820, 265,266; land cleared, 266;
settler killed in a quarrel, 267 ; John
Aull, 269 ; a murder, 270 ; college,
290; Dalhousie, Lord, 290.
Dari?ie family, 268.
Darling, Sir Charles, 177 ; Colonel, 266.
D'Aulnay de Charnisay, removes Acad-
ians from La Have to Port Royal and
brings out more, 19; accuses Charles
Latour, 19; attacks his fort, 19; is
chased back by Latour and defeated at
Lequille, 20 ; goes to France to under-
mine him, 20 ; correspondence of, with
(•overnor of Massachusetts, 21 ; again
attacks Latour's fort , 26 ; takes it, 27 ;
his cruel treatment of Latour's wife
and garrison, 27 ; his death, 28, 29 ;
the real foundei' of the present fort,
182.
Davison Bros.' niill.s, 278.
Davoiie, Colonel Frederic, 248. (See
Genealogies. )
De Brouillan. See " Hrouillan."
Dee<ls, two offices of registry in early
times, Digby including Clements, 2S».
D'Kntremonts, Philip Mius, 35.
De la Loutre See " Loutre."
De la Tour. See " Lit our."
Delong settlement, 274
Den)ontH enters Anna])olis, 2, 3; winter.^
at St. Croix, 4 ; removes to Port Royal,
4 ; returns to France, (i ; sale of Port
Royal to Poutrincourt by, 11, 256, 641;
returns to Port Royal, II ; full name
of. 641.
De Razilli, Isaac. Cliude. (See"Ra/.illi.")
Des Knclaves, 95, 116. 296.
Des (loutins, 38, 47.
Ditmars, 248, 273. (See (ienealogies.)
Division of the county, 224, 253, 287.
(See memoirs of .Xlooily, VViswall,
Roach, Robicheau, Holland.)
Domanchin Rrook, 33.
Doctor, first in the Dominion, 9.
Dodge, Josiah, 199. (See (ienealogies )
Doucet, (Jovernor, 71.
Douglas, .Samuel, 73.
Du (iua.st. See " Demonts."
Duke of Kent, visits of to Annai)o'i.s.
184; buildings erected by, 183.
Du Vivier marries clandestinely, 46 ;■
besieges Anna))olis, 101.
Dupont tirave, 7.
Dutch hymn sung at Clementsport, 299.
Dyson, 147.
Karthi|uake shocks, 286.
Knssoii, John. 147. (See (Ienealogies.)
Klectious, 1.58. 20«}, 215, 'J 16. (See Me-
moirs of Members. )
Kquille, river named, 3.
Kvans, Henry, negotiates with (iovernor
as to settling Annapolis, 148 ; his jour-
nal, 148, 150 ; memoir of, 339.
Kxecutions, 27i>, 293, 294.
Executive Council, first under respon-
sible government, 64(>.
B^alkland, 270; grantees of, 280; Lord
Falkland, 290.
F'amilies, early Knglish, biographical and
geological sketches of. and their de-
scendants, arranged alphabetically,
Armstrong to Young, 465 to 640.
Amberman, 516, note.; Beardsley, 497,
nofi' ; Bass, Berteaux, Chipinan, Clark,
corrected, 650. VVinslow, 630, notf.
Famine in Aca<lia, 40.
Farnesworth. 199. (See (Ienealogies. )
Fellows, family, 199. (See Genealogies);
Hon. James I., 158, 199
Ferry, Annapolis and Granville, 151, noti\
210. 221 ; across Imlwrt's River, 280 ;
Hicks' Ferry, 223, 228 ; Pineo's, 280.
656
INDEX.
Fires. I8A.
FiHher, Kev. Natlianiel. 302.
FiitherieH, (liHpiitea uotiui-rning, 'Itili, 21 7<
263.
Fitxraiulolph, H(>ii. JuHuuh, 287.
F«.i»HjH, L'httileH Miller, 178. 307.
Fornmii. .lunieH, establiHhea Niiiiilay
Sch<M)l8, 2»>7.
Fort, tirHt site of. R ; Pontgrave in
charge of, .5 ; nearly ileHerted, 7 ; aban-
doned, 10; reo<x-upied. 1 1 ; deHtroyed
by Argall, 14 ; rebuilt by Sir William
Alexander, 17 ; demoliMlied by order of
King CharleH, 18; rebuilt by D'Aulnay
on new xite. 19, 182 ; suri-endered to
.><e<lgwiirk, 2H ; restoi-ed to France, 31 ;
captured by FhippR, .37 ; proposed re-
moval of, to Round Hill, 40 ; descrip-
li(m (if. in 1700,42; earthworks com-
pletetl and hospital built. 43 ; bonib-
pr(M)f magazine built by Subercase, J)8,
180; bomb-proof, covered by brick bar-
racks. 181 ; and tlemoli-<hed, 183; de-
scription of fort in 1711, 64; in 1710,
»i7 ; in 1745, 107, 108 ; Mohawk fort,
81 ; description of fort in 1743, 97;
attacked by Indians under I)e la
Loutre, 1(0 ; by l)u Vivier, 101 ; govern-
ment wharf built, 108, 183 ; garrisoned
by militia, 163 ; ohl powder magazine,
180, 181. 182.
Fortieth Regiment, 183.
Frederick Street, former name of St.
Anthony Street, 70.
Fkkbmasonky, stone with masonic em-
blems found, 11, 31, 641 ; first knlge
in N.S. , (Mi; existed among the first
French colonizers, 64.'.
Frenouse, Madame de, 42, 46.
(Harrison, 02, 183, 184.
(•aulinH, 64.
(jenealogies arranged alphabetically,
Armstrong to Young. 465 to 640 ; also
Bass, Berteaux, Chipman, Clark, cor-
rected, 660.
(Jeneral's Bridge, 61.
('ilpin. Rev. Edwin, 208.
(ioat Island nameil Biencourtville, 5,
256 ; Armstrong's Island, 83 ; granted
to Charles Vane, and called Vane's
Island, 82.
(Jodfrey, Rev. William Minns, 300.
(ioldsmith family, 188.
( <ood times, order of, 8.
(ioreham's Rangers, 162.
(irace, Rev. Thomas J., 296.
Grammar schools. 178.
Orandfontaine. the Chevalier de, 31.
(irand jury a hundred years ago, 645.
« J rand Prfe, battle of, 110.
Grant of township of Norwich, 89 ; of
township of Annapolis, 148, 160.
(irantees, lists of, 160, 195, 196-7.
Grants of land in Annu|toli8, 77, 79.
(iranville settled, 33 ; unoccupied after
French removed, 194 ; urant issnud,
194 ; names of grantees of, 195 ; |Hipu-
lation of, in 1767, 197 : namrs of adult
males, 197 ; represented in Assembly,
206; ferry to Annapolis, 151, iiolf., 210,
221 ; loyalists arrive, 211 ; election of
1785, 2i2 ; other elections, 215 ; roads
in. 215, 282.
(iray, James, Vm[., 187.
Grinton founds Springfield, 279 ; his
sons, 281.
(irist-mill, first on the ccmlinent, 9.
(Juercherville, Madame de. buys Denionts'
rights, 13; sends out emigrants, 13 ; her
ship sails to Mont Desert, 13 ; captured
with its passengers by Argall, 14.
Haliburton, T. C, member for Annapolis,
283.
Halifax founded, 113.
Halliburton, Hon. Brenton, names Mar-
garetsville, 225.
Handtield, Major, 119.
Harris, John, siu'veya Dalhoiisie Road,
261.
Harrison, Rev. John, 297.
Hay, first doctor and apothecary, 7, 9.
Healey, .John. 217. (See Genealogies.)
Helxirt. Louis, apothecary in Demonts'
expedition, 9 ; winters at Port Royal,
9 ; governor pco <»'m.. 13; Bear River
named for, La Riviere d'Hebert, 2.'i8.
Henderson, Am rew, 84, 174, 176, 223,
306.
Herring fishery, 245.
Hessian Line, 243 ; called Clementsvale,
243, note.
Hicks' ferry, 223.
Uillsburgh, township of, fornierly part
of Clements, 288.
Hoar. Jud^e, l.')7.
Hog Island, sole! by D'Aulnay to Bour-
geois, 43, 44, 174, 643.
Holland. William. 286.
House of Assembly, list of mopibers for
Annapolis County and toviisliips, 311 ;
memoirs of members— see " Memlx;rs
of Provincial Parliament."
Houses, old, 184, 185.
How, Edward. 110; death of, 115; l)iog-
raphy of, 527.
Howe, Alexander, Comr. for Shelburne
Koad, 170 ; applies for grant in (iran-
ville, 213. (See Members.)
Howe, Hon. Joseph, 288, 527, 646, 647.
Inibert, Simon, 12 ; gives name to Bear
River, 257.
Indians, 11, 72, 99, 295,296; Malicetes
attack Port Royal, 72; cut off supplies,
106.
Industrial establishments and products,
321.
INDEX.
65T
Inferior Court, eRtablighment of, 157 ;
jiulgeR of, 313 ; not lawyers by profes-
sioii, 313, note ; roorgiinized with u
^ lawyer for chief in each district, 313,
notn. Thoniu8 Ritchie, first chief in
Western Circuit, 394.
Invasion of Annapolis by privateers, 163;
of county near l)igl)y, 286.
Iron mines, 140, '242, 244, 245.
Johnstone, Hon. James W. , 289, 290 ;
appeals to County of Anna])olis on
issue concerning College (lUUHtion, 291 ;
carries Simultaneous Polling Act, 291 ;
settles minoH and mineral question,
291. (See pp. 303 to 439, inclusive,
and 646, 647. )
Justices of the Peace first appointed, 75;
number of, in 1181, 284; list of, to
1837, 313— see memoir of Moses Shaw,
M.P.P., list from 1837 to 1849, 648.
Kempton family found Maitland, 272.
Kent, Duke of, 184. (See " Uuke of
Kent.")
Kilmarnock, Lord, 184.
Kirk, Sir David, 17.
Knighthood, Honour of, conferred on
natives of Annapolis, 177.
Lafleur, Charles Petipaa, Sieur de, 35.
Lake La Rose, 146.
Lake Pleasant, 2H1.
Lamont, Marmaduke, 210, 211.
Latour, Charles Amador, succeeds Bien-
court, 16 ; is Lieutenant of the King in
Acadia, 19 ; refuses to change his alle-
giance, 17; seeks aid in Ik>ston, 20;
returns and defeats D'AuInay, 20 ;
addresses Boston authorities, 22 ; cap-
ture of his wife, 27 ; he retires to
Quebec, 28 ; marries D' Aulnay's widow,
29 ; his death, 31 ; Seigniory of Port
Royal granted to heirs of, 44 ; visits
Port Royal, 73 ; his issue, 78 ; claims
of family to seigniory, 86.
Latour, Claude, changes his allegiance,
17 ; recants, 18.
Lawrence appointed Lieutenant-Gover-
nor of the town, 115; petitions against
by citizens of Halifax, 139, 141 ; his
death and character, 141.
Lawrencetown, 225.
Lebel, 182 ; Poem on, 187.
Le Borgne, Emanuel, captures Denys,
and seizes Port Royal, 29 ; surrenders
it to Sedgwick, 29 ; in command, 31 ;
Alexander, 35, 41.
Leonard, Jonathan, 228, (See Geneal-
ogies. )
Legislative Council, separated from
Executive, 289 ; First member of, from
Annapolis, 287; Liut of, from Annapolis,
810.
42
L'Escarbot ioina the colony, 7 ; its his*
torian anil poet, 7, 8, 9.
Le Prince family, 194.
Leslie, Dr. Robert, 188.
Letter of maniue, 285.
Limekiln aiul brickyard, 6rst mentioned.
42.
Loutro, 99, 296, 533.
Lovett, Phineas, sen., 164. (See memoir,
333.) Phineaa, jun., 162, 285, 309;
James R., 287; notice of both, 648.
Loyalists, arrival of, 161, 164 ; character
and aims of, 165 ; their cruel treatment
by the States, 166 ; came here by com-
pulsion, not voluntarily, 168 ; women
proscribed, 644 ; companies at Anna-
polis, 644.
Maffistrates commissioned, 75 ; for th&
French, 76 ; lists of, to 1837, 313 ; un-
just dismissal of— see memoir of Moses
Shaw, 468; further list of, to 1849,
648.
Mai Hard, Father, 296.
Mails, to Halifax, carried on foot and
horseback, 159, 283 ; by regular corrier»
283 ; weekly, 283.
Maitland, 271.
Maudoux, Priest, 296.
Manslaughter, case of, 267.
March, Col., 48.
iVJargaretsville, 225, 242 ; supposed
nmrder in 235.
Marshall, family of, 200. (See Genealo-
gies.)
Maacarene commands New Hampshire
troops in attack on Port Royal, 69 ;
first to mount guard, 94 ; arrives to
assume government, 93; his precedence
disputed, 93 ; defies the Indians, 99 ;
his gallant defence against Du Vivier,
101-106 ; commends Uie Acadians for
their fidelity, 105, 132, 135 ; his life and
death, 643.
Masonic stone. See "Freemasonry."
Masonry. See "Freemasonry." ,
Masse, Priest, 296.
McKenzie family, 200. (See Genealogy.)
McMair, Arod, 279.
Meetings, Political, in Annapolis, 647.
Melvern Square, 226.
Membertou, Indian Chief, 9 ; grief of, at
departure of French, 10; baptized, 11 ;
death and burial of, 12.
Members of Legislative Council, list of,
311 ; of House of Assembly, list of.
312.
Members of the Provincial Par-
liament, memoirs of Jonathan Hoar,
323 ; Erasmus J. Phillips, 326 ; John
Steele, -328 ; Joseph Woodmas, 329 ;
Thomas Day, 329 ; Joseph Winniett,
330 ; John Harris, 331 ; Henry Munroe,
331 ; John Hicks, 332 ; Obadiah
658
INDKX.
Wlioolo(;k, XV.\ ; riiiiiciiH Lovc'tt, sen,,
H'A3; .l<>.s('|ili i'atti'ii.:<:<l ; CliriHtophi'M
IViiu'R, :t;<5 : .lolin Hall, ICtO ; Henry
Kviiiis, Xil ; William Shaw, .'{.'{H ; ■loliii
Kili'liit!, ;»:«», GUI; I'liinraM Lovtti, jiiii.,
U48 ; Sloplicii anil tliinicN Do Liincuv,
33!» ; Tli.iinan I'.aivlay, .'tU ; D.iv'id i
Si'a))iirv, .'WS : lii-iijaiiiiii .lariu'M, ;t.')(l ;
TliDiiius Milliilf^'c, .■(.">((; Alcxiiiidi'i-
Howo, .■{,").'); Henry Hiiliii'ifonl, .SdO ; ,
Jainoi Mooily, ',Ht2 ; Hword of, (iJ7 ; i
Ktlwanl Tliorni', 'M'A ; 'I'lHiiniiH Kitcliie, |
304 ; TiK.nias Walker, .'«»7 : iHaiali |
Shinv, mi; .lolui Warwick. .•{<»!); Wil-
liam Kolicrtsoii, 400 ; .loliii Harris (sun
of Samuel), 401 ; Pole^ Wiswall, 402 ;
Sereno U. iJoue.s, 40(i ; 'riioimiM Hitcliie,
(son of Aiuliew), 407, ti4!) ; 'J'imotliv
Riigt^les, 407 ; Williairi H. Koaell.
40!) ; Samuel CamplitOI, 412 ; John
Kohertson, 415; Aliraliam (iewiier,
417; Thomas ('. Halihurton, 418;
James K. Lovetl, G4H ; John K. Mor-
ton, 42(5 ; John Jolinstonc, 428 ; Cliarles
Hudd. 480: Jame.s Delap, 4:<2 ;
Frederic A. Rolneheau, 432 ; William
Holland, 4.'l.'i ; Klnathan Whitman,
434 ; James 15. Holdsworth, 435 ;
Stephen S. 'I'horne, 435 ; Samuel 15.
Chipma!!, 437 ; Henry Gates, 4.S8 ;
James W. .lohnstoiie, 439 ; Alfred
Whitman, 457 ; Mosos IShaw, 458 ;
Avard Longley, 459.
Menneval, l)e, Bucceeds Perrot as (4over-
nor, 37.
Menou, Marie do, 37.
Methodist missionaries and churches,
304-306 ; first Methodist church in
Annapolis, 305.
Mice, Plague of, 286.
Middleton, 226, 240, 241.
Iblil'.tia raised by Shaw in 1776, 208 ; by
Barclay, Millidge and Taylor, 174.
Mill, first built in America, 1, 15, 182;
saw-mill, 268 ; gypsum, 249 ; first card-
ing, 249.
Mill Brook, early name of Lequille, 19.
Miller families, 200. (See Genealogies.)
Millerites, 308.
Millidge, Rev. John, 298.
Mines and minerals question settled,
291 ; of Annapolis county, 2, note, 242,
244.
/MiuB, Sieur d'Entreniont, 35.
Monument, oldest in the Dominion, 73,
note.
.Moose River, called Rock Brook, 5, 244 ;
Bridge over, 264 ; named la riviire de
L'Orignal, 268 ; bridge over, 283.
Morehouse family, 248, 273.
.Morris proposes to settle English among
French, 112; settlers referred to by,
212, 220 ; letters of, in archives, 230,
J2ol.
Mor«e, Rev. Ar/areluh, 302.
Mumcic, Col. Henry, 164.
Murders, 270, 293.
Nej^roes, removal of, 212 214.
New .Mlianv, 276; road, 276; grantooH
of, 277 ; lilt of selllers, 278.
New ii),'hlH, .'lOl, .W.i.
Ne\VH|iaper. (iist in (bounty, 224.
Newton, Hihliert, 68, 71.
Nii'holHon, Kianeis, 59.
Niitaux mines, 242.
Northlicld. 273.
Norwich, lownNliip of, HO.
Nova Scotia Ueginient, 234.
Order of (iood Times, 8.
Paradise, 226.
Parker, Al.ijah, 200; Nathaniel, 279,
Parker's Hrook, 33.
Parliament, Provincial, Members from
Annapoli.s, 311 ; Dominion, 312.
Patten- Karnsworlh feud, 202.
Perkins, Rev. Cyrus, 178.
Periot in eonnnanil at Port Royal, 34, 38.
Perrott, (Japtain, 249 ; settlement, 274 ;
grantees of, 274.
Petipas, Claude, 35.
Phillipps, Governor, 67; advised settle-
ment by English, 67 ; tenders oath of
allegiance to Aeudians, 69 ; censures
Wm. Winniett, 70 ; visits Annapolis,
76 ; commends Winniett, 77 ; finally
leaves province, 77.
Phillips, Erasmus James, 77, 147. See
"Members."
Phipps captures and pillages Port Royal,
37, 39.
Pine Grove churches, 241.
Pineo's Ferry, 284.
Pineo, Peter, jun. , 222.
Pirates pillage Port Royal, 39.
Poetry, first written in America, 8.
Polhemus, 249.
Pompey's rock, church at, 296.
Pontgravti, winters in Franco, 6 ; re-
moves colonists from St. Croix to Port
Royal, 6.
Population at various periods (see
"Census"), 317; by religions, 318, 319.
Port George, 225.
Port Lome, 240.
Port Royal abandoned, 10 ; state of, in
1685, 34 ; in 1689, 40 ; captured by
Phipps, 37 ; pillaged by pirates, 39 ;
retaken by Villebon, 39 ; description of,
in 1690, 40, 41 ; discords in, 43 ; seign-
iory of, granted, 44 ; expedition against,
by Massachusetts troops, 45 ; attacked
by them, 39, 48 ; again attacked, 61 ;
besieged and taken by Nicholson, 59.
Potter Family, 249. (See Genealogies.)
Powder magazine, 182.
INDEX.
659
I'lHilriiicourl roturuN to France, ; ciiinos i
liiii'k to Port Koyiil, " ; iIi'iii'h IiiikI for
fiirminij;, 7 ; cxplon-M Hotitti, 7. H ;
uliiiMiloiiM I'oit Koyal, 10 ; coini'H li;ick,
II ; uIiiiikIoiim AcmiIIii mid I'iiIIm in Wat-
tic, 14 ; lull iianii' of, Oil. .
I'riivcr, a ri'iiiMikaldf, 1S7.
HlvKoiidr, 1,1, Att. '
I'losliylriiiui cliiirilu's, .'107.
I'rircw of coiintrv i>io(lii((' in I7<IH, li')."!.
I'riesls, •_>, II, I'J, i:i, 17, I!), :«), 7H, SS,
'JiHl ; hiim|h'|iiIlmI, H<). '
I'rivalL'tii'H io)» Ainmpolis, Hi.'l ; invaili- ,
llif county, •Ma-, til lid out in tin- !
iiiiinly, 'JHh, -iSd.
I'l-oliiitf court, jiidHC'M of, ;il().
I'roilucts of the county at various peri-
ods, :n8, :int, .•v.ii, .•(■ii.
i'uritaiiH, tliiiir | olicy to\\aid.>! the In-
iliaus, '21)5, not. .
Quuruau, •J-K).
Raihvav, Windsor ami AnnapoliH, IStJ,
'2\'2 ;"Nova Scotia Cuntral, •241. '242.
Hullii'u, Duniouts' Hourolary, "2, noti ,
Ranif/.ay encamps at the Ca|)e, 101) ;
refrains from attack, 110; sends expe-
dition against Nol)le".s force at (Srand
I'ri', 1 10 ; threatens Aeadiaus at (jraud
Pre, 11-2.
HaiUHav, road and proposed township of,
■2()t). '
Rav, Hon. W. H. , Hueceeds Johnstone as
il.l'.I'., 291 ; Skctuh of, '29'2.
Razilli, Isaac de, takes possession of Port
Royal, 19 ; Claude de, receives grant
of I'ort Royal, 19.
Registrar of deeds, first in county, 211.
Registry of deeds at Digby for lands
in Clements, 288,
Relics, Historic, 11, 31, 182, 187. 188.
Responsible government, '288 ; supported
in Annapolis, 289 ; fully established,
289, '290, 616 ; first cabinet under it,
coalition, 289, 646.
Richardson, Col. Philip, 2'26.
Rising Village, poem, 188.
/Ritchie, John, joins in asking arms for
v/ fort, 162 ; taken prisoner, 164 ; com-
^^ niissioner of road to 8helburne, 170.
See "Meniber.s."
Rftchie, Thomas, 180 ; introduces bill
/ respecting African slavery, 284. (See
\ / memoir, p. 394.) John W., 287,576;
^ Sir William J., 177, 576; J. Norman,
576.
River named L'Bquille, 3 ; Dauphin, 6 ;
called British River, 70, 83 ; bridged
at Hicks' ferry, 223 ; at Bear River,
284 ; frozen over at Annapolis, 293.
Road to Shelburne commenced, 170;
Nictaux to Liverpool, 236 ; Wilmot to
Lunenburg, 236, 237 ; Leonard road.
2M7 ; toward Halifax, '2:<7 ; Liverpool
road, 2.'I7 ; to Ni, Miirfiaiel's IJay, pro-
jected, 2H2 ; from lleiir Kiver biiilge to
Moose Kiver briilge, 282; Annapolis to
Hear Kiver, '2.')4 : Dalhoniie, 'Jtil, '2tl7 ;
Hear Itivcf to Allain'M I'lfck, 2V2.
Roach, William H., '287, •2N1». See
" Mendxns."
Roads, lirst construction of, S ; in (Iran-
ville, 21.').
KolMrlHon, Key. .fames, '2!)!), :«O0.
Koliicheau, Prudent, appoinleil .I.P,, 70;
receiver of i|uit rents, 84 ; family exiled
although loyal, l'J!»; Krcdcric A., '2Stl.
See " Sleniiiers."
Kol)inson, Father of Sir . I. 15., 170, iiDte.
Kosi'ttc, 'X\ ; origin of name, ti(i.
Rotnid Hill, lallcd Kos(dte, ,'{,'{ ; fort pro-
posed to lie reuu)yed there, 40,
Roxliiiiy, 275.
Uuggles, ( ieui^ral Timothy, 227 ; Biogra-
phy of, .'J83.
Runisey, 147. (See Genealogies.)
Uuncinian, (leorge, .'107.
Uyerson family, '249. (Sue (ionealogies.)
Saint Castine, .')4.
Saunders family, '200. (.See (ionealogies. )
.Sau-niill Creek bridge, '282.
Scandal, Clericil, 17"2.
Schafner, Adam, 201. (Family of, see i
(leneulogies.)
Schools an<l teachers, 178, '223, '2'24, 297,
307 ; first in Annapolis, 297, 645.
Scotch fort, 17.
Sedgwick tokes Port Roynl, 29.
Shaw, Moses, family of, '202. (See
" Mendwrs " and Genealogies.)
Shaw, William, charges against, 207 ;
exonerated, 207, 210.
Shelburne, road to, commenced, 170.
Sheriffs, 238 ; list of, 309.
.Shipyard, first in America, 7.
Sigdgne, Abbe, 296.
Simultaneous Polling Act, 291.
Sinclair, Frederic, innholder, 173, 177.
Slavery, bill respecting, 284.
Sneden family, 253. (See Genealogies. )
Spinney, Samuel, and family of, 200.
Springfield, 279.
Sproule, Robert, family of, 201. See
Genealogies. )
Stages, Tri-weekly, established, 283.
Steamboat, first to cross the bay, 283.
Stocks, the, 174, 283.
Stoddart, Sergeant, receives grant in
Dalhousie, 280.
Stone, Inscribed, found near old fort, 182,
187, note; Masonic, 11, 31, 641.
Street, Ebenezer and Samuel, 260 & note.
Subercase becomes Governor, 47 ; defends
Port Royal against colonial troops, 48 ;
builds bomb-proof and finishes barracks,
58 ; surrenders to Nicholson, 72.
660
INDEX.
Suixlay SchooU, firit in Aniurica, 'i1)S,
048.
HurnHinua in Port Koyiil, 3.Y
Hurvuyi)r'(>uri«rHl, HrRt in tli<> iiroviiioo,
77 i tii-Nt ufter Hulifux foiitiili-<l, IP.'.
ThoinpHoii, (.'(il. O. F., Oriiiit to, for mili-
tary Hurvicua, '28(J.
Thornu funiilv, 'i!i\.
Torltruok ami Torbri ok MinuH, ^42.
Tottvii family, 'Jr>t).
Tuwn otticurs u humlrod yuam au<>, ITS.
TriK)p family, 2ttO. (See (Jeiu'aK»uieH. )
TupMir, Thuiiiaa, niivHiuiiary to IiuliaiiH,
Utrecht, treaty of, 129.
Valli<-re, De la, 34.
Van Itiiuren, '2fil.
Van Bimkirk family, 231, 255. (See
(ienualogiex. )
Vaiiiiier arreHted and eHcaiHiH, 07.
Vetch iHicomeH (Jovernor, H3 ; capturcH
priestH and Acadians and holdH au lumt-
aueH, 03 ; enliHtH Mohawka in New
York, 80 ; builds Mohawk fort, 80, 81;
his character and caro»r, 80, 81.
VillelK)n takes |)OHNesHion of Port Royal,
39 ; describes it, 41.
Villieu, 41.
War of American revolution, 161 ; atti-
tude of people toward, 102; with
Franco, 174 ; of 1812, 284 ; disap-
provetl of in New Kngland, 285.
Waterloo fund, 178, 224, 220.
Watts, Rev. Richard,297; taught school,
645.
Wheelock, Abel, 229. (See (Jenealogies. )
Road, 276.
Whipping, Punishment of inflicted, 75, 88.
Whitney, .laniuH, 28,1,
Whit.'ti'.ld, 300.
White HouMe Field, a iiart given for
"lM)wlinK green," 84 ; for church, 170.
WillianiN hoime, 185.
WilliniiiH, Thomas, sen., lAO ; niado
priwontT, 104 ; comniiMHioner for iShet-
i)urne roail, 170.
WillianiH, Sir William Kenwick, 164, 177,
402, 020, (See (li^noalogieM.)
Winnictt and Dyson, 147.
Wilniot, 225 ; namcH of residents in 1777,
228; <!ensua of township in 1708,228;
pro|«mal to form with Aylesford a new
>^ounty, 230 ; population in 1827, 240.
Windsor Bridge, 282.
Winniett, .Foseph, 114, nott ; 147. 160,
\M), IH2. (See memoir of .Joseph
Winniett, M.P.P., and Oenealogies.)
Margaret, her gravo-Mtone, 94.
Wimiiett, Sir VVilliam, 177, 250, 632.
(See < Jenealogies. )
Winniett, William, has leave to go up
the bay to trade, 70; cenMured by
council, 70 ; further reference to, 70,
80, 90 ; appointed to the Council, 77 ;
suHjiended by Armstrong, 83; restored,
86;" highly esteemed by Mascareno, 94;
death of, and account of his family, 95,
(rice memoir of Jos. Winniett, M.P.P.,
and (Jenealogies.)
Winslow family, 030, nofe.
Wmwall, Rev. John, 298. (See Genealo-
giea.) Judge. (See "Members" ami
(iunealogies. )
Wood. Rev. Thomas, 147, 179, 297.
Woodbury, Jonathan, 201. (See Gene-
alogies. )
Worster, George, 201 and note.
Young, Job, and family, 197, 202. (See
Genealogies, )