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Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainas pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. mais. lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas it* film^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentaires- L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-itre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagK '.,_> ADDENDA. THE FOLLOWINO TJGIITS HAVE BEEN EHTABLISIIED HISCK TU\A WOUK WENT TO PRESS. VAOVl 4 I Amherst Island. — On Soutli Cape, revolving light every 4 minute, alternately red and bright. Hexagonal wooden building, painted white | visible 20 miles. ^ I Antioosti Island. — Flashing light, 20 seconds, from hexnironnl tower HO feet high, on liagot's RIufT, three-quarters of a mile from South Point, at 7u feet, visible 14 miles. 27 I Seven Islands, Carousel Island. — One fixed bright light, from white square tower, 35 ft. high, at 195 ft., visible 20 miles. 2K I 'Egg Island. — Revolving light every IJ minute, from an octagonal building, 30 ft. high, at 70 ft., visible 15 miles. 30 I Cape Magdalen. — devolving li^ht, red and bright alternately every 2 min., from a white wooden tower, 54 ft. high, at 147 ft., visible 20 miles; red It. visible 15 miles. 30 I Cape Chatte. — Revolving light every half minute, from a square wooden tower, 37 ft. high, on N.W. point of Cape, at 110 ft., visible 18 miles. 37 I Red Island Bank.— Lightvessel, showing one fixed light, in 10 fathoms, N.E. of Red Island, and half a mile E.N.E. of red buoy, at 40 ft., visible 12 miles ; steam fog-whistle. 40 I St. Roqne Shoal.— A lightvessel in ^ fathoms, on N.W. edge of shoal, 2J miles from old lightvessel ; shows two fixed lights, at 16 and 24 ft. above deck, visible 6 miles ; fog-bell. 45 I Cape Rouge.— .^ fixed light, at 175 ft., visible 10 miles, from a square white tower, 24 ft. high. I c MAGNETIC VARIATION OF THE COMPASS. Magnetic Variation, westerly, in 1872, increasing at the rate of 3' or 4' annually ; in the Strait of Belle Isle, 36' ; the East end of Anticosti, 28° ; Cape de Monts, 24'" ; at the Saguenay River, 20"; Quebec, 17°; Bathurst in Chaleur Bay, 23°; East point of Prince Edward Island, 21°. '•: Tirrs nltcrnatcly visible 20 vcr oO feet nt 73 feet, lito square building, ■y 2 min., J re'l It. wooden I. ms, N.R. 12 miles; hoaJ, 2J ve deck, ' white lolly ; I, 24'' ; East THE GULF AND RIVER OF ST. LAWRENCE. I.-OENERAL PHENOMENA.— WINDS, WEATHER, CURRENTS, ICES, ETC. WINDS.— The prevalent wind in the summer, in all parts of the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence, is from the S.W. Westerly winds are almost always accompanied with fine, dry, sunny weather ; easterly winds as frequently the contrary. Steady N.W. winds do not blow frequently before September, except for a few hours at a time, when they generally succeed easterly winds that have died away to a calm, and usually veer round to the S.W. In the spring, easterly winds are the prevailing winds, sometimes blowing for several weeks in succession. Strong winds seldom veer quickly round from one point of the compass to another directly contrary ; in general they dio away to a calm, and are succeeded by a wind in the opposite dirt'ction. The direction of the winds in the river is generally directly up or down its course, following "the direction of the high lands on either shore. Thus a 8.E. wind in the Gulf becomes K.S.E. between Anticosti and the South coast j I5.N.E. above Point do Monts; and N.E. above Green Island. FOOS. — The prevalence of fog is one of the greatest sources of danger in the navi- gallon of these paits, and during their prevalence there is no sure guide for the mariner but the constant use of the lead. The fogs prevail when the wind is in the eastern quarter. They sometimes come with westerly winds, but they are rare, and never of long continuance. Winds between South and East bring rain and fog in almost every part ; and E.N.E. winds in the river, above Point de Monts, becoming S.E. winds in the gulf, have the same foggy character. These fogs are probably occasioned by the unequal temperature of the water brought down'by the river and that of the gulf, which is colder, from the influx of the northern stream through the Strait of Belle Isle, and between these and the air. The eddy flood mixing with the waters of the rivet, besides occasioning the dense and low fogs, are also probably the occasion of the phenomenon of Mirage, which sometimes occurs, and which is caused by terrestrial refraction from unequal temperatures in the different strata of the air and water. CURRENTS. — The current which prevails through the Strait of Belle Isle passes along the North shore of the gulf, at a short distance from it, leaving u space between it and the land, in which the alterations of tide are tolerably regular, when not otherwise afi'octed by the winds. Pursuing this S.W. direction towards Cape Whittle, and gradually losing its force as it advances, it takes the direction givrn it by the trending of the coast at this part, and meeting with the current which comes from the AVest, from the river on the North side of Anticosti, and which perhaps is deflected by the projection of the land nt Natashquan Point, it gradually takes a 8. S.E. course aeioss the gulf, and then meeting with the main current of the St, Lawrence, coining to the South of Anticosti, between it and the Magdalen Islands, the whole of the wafers take a S.E. course, through the principal entrance of the gulf, between Cape Hay on Newfoundland and the Island of St. Paul, These currents are modified by various causes, and their strength and direction are difficult to estimate, although it is of groat importance that a proper allowuiiuo should be made tor them, as, from their so«vindii inny also cnnso it to Hot to thiHouthwurd towardu IJritoti Ulaiid. The flood-tidf cntrrin^ the llivcr St. Lawrciici', procccdn upwards in the wide and doup channel of tho estuary, till it is ohNtructvd by tho contracted breadth of tho river near Kcd Island, and the sudden shallowing of it near this part i from this cauBO it is prevented from continuing in its upward course, and in oonsequunce of tho quantity of watrr here collected not flndinif a sufficient outlet, it is n-vertetl, and forms an eddy-Jluod. Tho stream of flood, therefore, runs in opposite directions, on either side of the river. This stream coming f^om tho eastward, as it approtxhes tho northern part of Ued Island Bank, runs very strong, sometimes at a rate of 4 knots, bearing round at this part, and proceeding in a different direction towards the Uazndo Islands, with a velouity of from 2 to 3 miles per hour, and then proceeds onward with a constant current downwards, thus adding to tlio current of water from tho river itself, and increasing its strength. It is strongest in-shore, and extends about half- way over, diminishing in strength towards the middle i and from this difference in ita velocity, and the unequal depth of the river, occasioning those violent whirls and ripples which occur in its strongest parts. On the South coasts of that part of the river between Cape Oaap6 and Green Island, there is no upward current from tho tides that is available for navigation : during tho floods at spring tides, there is a westerly current felt close in-shore, the lino between the two streams being marked by strong rippling. Off Point de Monts there is very little or no stream of flood, excepting cloao in- shore, and the downward current is constant off that point. The point diverts tho current to tho S.S.E. which runs at a ruto of from one to two miles an hour, so that it is difflcult for a vessel to beat round it with a westerly wind. IJuring the ebb tide, tho stream runs down on both sides, strongest on the South, and weakest in tho middle of tho estunry. On the North shore it is turned to tho southward by tho projecting points at the Bay de Millo Vachcs, Port Bersiinis, tho Peninsula of Manicougan, and Point de Monts ; this fact is important, and ought to be attended to, as this southern tendency is increased at these points, by the water brought down by tho large rivers betweun them. On the South sido tho stream of tho ebb tido is also increased, by the efflux of water from tho Suguenay Uivei, which, setting with great velocity across the tail of tho Ked Island Bank, adds to the downward course of the stream. Tho tides in thb river above this piirt aro described hereafter. ICES.— On tho approach of winter the navigation of tho gulf is greatly impeded by floating ices, ond the river is at length choked with broken fields of ice, exhibiting tho most varied and fantastic appearances ; tho whole country on each side is then covered with t>now, and all tho trees, excepting the stern fir-tribes, are denuded of their foliage. In crossing tho gulf, oven during the summer months, islands of ice have frequently been met with. Tho ice that drifts out of tho rivers all disappears by the latter end of May, but these masses make no part of it. The conjecture is, that they are not formed on any of tho neighbouring coasts, but descend from tho more northerly regions of Davib'si Strait, &c., where, it is presumed, they are severed by the violence of storms, from the vast uccumulations of the arctic winter; and pa-ssing near the coast of Labrador, aro drawn by the in-druught of the current into the Strait of Ikllo Isle. They olttn arc a hundred feet in hei^'ht, with a circumferenco of many thousands; the indications of their prcsonco in the night, or during fof^s, have been described on page 8. By iluy, from the duz/liii{r reflection of the sun's rays, also hy moonlight, at u saliMii.stance, Ihilr ajipcaiance is in'illiant and agreeable. " In the fall of thu ytar uociiluiits t'nmi ice belJoin happen, except wiieii the winter commences unusually early, or when vessels have lingered imprudently late, from tho temptation of obtaining high frciglus. m: ( 3 ) II.— THE ISLAND OF ST. PAUL, MAODALEN ISLES, AND ANTIC08TI. THE ISLAND OF ST. PAUL Uei N. 5r E. true, 12) milei flrom Cape North, on Ilreton Iiland. The northern extremity of the Uland U in lat 47° 14' N., and long. no° 8' 17 M'. It IN nearly 3 miles lon|f, and one mile broad. The margin ii rocky and prccipitoui almont all round, indented by covoi, in which ahipe may obtain iholtor during the prevalence of certain winds. LIGHTS. — On St. I'aul'a Island are two lighthouses, one near the northern, the other near the southern extremity i of which one will always be open, unless to a Tcssol near the central rooks. The northern light, brilliant andJLted, is about 140 ft. above the level of the sea i it can be seen to the southward on any bearing between N. by E. and £. by N. (by compass), when it is obscured by the hill to the southward of it. The southern light may be seen from tho northward on any bearing except between S.S.E. and West, when it is obscured by the hills to the northward of it. These lights are visible at a distance, from each tower, of 6 leagues. In Trinily Cove, at tho North point of it. is n provision post. This cove is a mile from the South point on the West side ; on the oppoMite side of the island is Atlantic Coi'e, and a landing may be effected in either of these. Tho oovo on the N. W. affords a small and bold beach, about 130 feet long, where a landing may be effected, but generally with difficulty, by reason of the continual swell of the sea. The interior of tho island rises into three hilin, the highest being nearly in the centre, and terminating in a square summit of about 00 feet on each side, and nearly perpendicular, which is estimated to be about 600 feet above the level of tho sea. Tho surface of the iMiand is, in general, rocky, with some spots of marsh or bog, which probably supply tho fresh water found isMuing from the rock. Stunted fir and white birch trees are the only products of the isle, but some drift wood ma;* be picked up. There is anchorage all round the island, and close in-shore, which circumstance enables vessels to lie there with any winds, by shifting their stations as the wind and weather require — a mode practised by the privateers of tho United States during tho lost war. There arc tolerably regular soundings off the North side, at the distance of half or three-quarters of a mile; on tho N.E. side a bank lies off about three- quarters of a mile, with from 7 to 8 fathoms of water. The general depth of the soundings around the island, at half a mile from the shore is from 20 to 40, but the water soon deepens to 100, fathoms. There is a plentiful fishery of cod and mackerel around the coast, and also an abundance of seals. This island has been noted for the great number of wrecks which have been found on its shores, arising from the frequent fogs and tempestuous weather, the uncertain currents, and abrupt nature of its coast, &c. ; which, it is hoped, will be obviated by the two lifrhthouscs, established in 1840. HAODA ,N ISLANDS.— The Magdalen Islands, within the entrance of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is a group of irregular isles, between the parallels of 47^ 13' and ']()' 37' North. They aro named respectively Entry Island, Amherst, Grindstone, Alriyht, Wolfe, Grosse, and Coffin Islands ; exclusive of Byron or Cross Island, and the Bird Islets, which lie more to tho North, These isles, although so near to the coast of Newfoundland, are included in the government of Canada, being annexed to tho district and county of GaspC. They contain (18G0) a population of 1,100 souls, chiefly French Acadians and Catholics. .\ few English and Irish fomilics are settled among them, all of whom derive their principal subsistence from the fisheries. Beyond the cultivation of potato gardens, agriculture seems wholly unknown on the islands ; but natural meadows and pasturing grounds are common, and afford wholesome sus- teuauce to a tolerable proportion of live stock. The highest range of Fahrenheit's thermometer has been marked 7(>'. SuiuU suppliLB of fresh provittiono may bo got at Entrj Island, and water from i MAGDALEN ISLANDS. Amherst Harbour. Wood is scarce, ami sjiars, except sucli as arc saved from wrecks, not to bo had. There is no harbour for ships, and but thrco for small vessels, those at Amherst, House, and Grond Entry Harbours. It often happens, from the prevalence of westerly gales in the fall of ^ixe year, that ships bound to Quebec, after entering the gulf, have been driven out again, or they have contended until their ccws were worn out, and have gone to the low ports for cargoes, when, by taking an anchorage, they would have secured their passage. These islands may be approached, generally, by the lead, to 7 fathoms of water. Amheist is the most southern and principal island, connected with Grindstone Island by a double line of sand-bars, enclosing an extensive lagoon, five or six miles long, and from one to three wide, the southern part of which is called Basque Harbour, It has three outlets into Pleasant Bay ; the southernmost is the deepest, but has only 3 feet at low water. Pleasant Bay, to the East of this, and N.E. of the island, deserves the name. It is the best harbour in the Magdalens, and the only one that vessels can venture to ride in with all winds. The best anchorage is in 4 fathoms, the rocky point of the entrance of Amherst Harbour bearing S.W. ^ W. two- thirds of a mile. Amherst Harbour is in the S.W. corner of Pleasant Bay ; its entrance is very narrow and crooked, and over the bor is 7 feet least water. The Demoiselle, a remarkable hill of Amherst Island, on the South side of Pleasant Bay, is about 280 feet high above the sea. Pleasant Bay is the best roadstead in the Magdalen Islands, and the only one where vessels can venture to lie with all winds, during the three finest months of summer, June, July, and August. In those months, a gale of wind from the east- ward, so heavy as to endanger a vessel with good anchors and cables, does not occur above once in three or four years. The riding, however, is often heavy and rough enough in N.E. gales, and a vessel should be well moored with a whole cable on each anchor, and open hawse to seaward, and all snug aloft. The best and most sheltered anchorage is in 4 fathoms, with the rocky point of entrance of Amherst Harbour bearing S.W. f W., two-thirds of a mile, and a little more than half a mile from high water mark on the sandy beach to the southward, when a remarkable and high sand hill will bear S. ; E. A vessel of large draught should anchor farther off, and should take notice that there is only from 3 to 3^ fathoms in one part of the bay. The bottom is everywhere excellent for holding, and of red sandy clay. Nevertheless, the attempt to ride out a heavy easterly gale, cither before June, or after August, will be attended with great danger ; and Pleasant Bay cannot be recommended as a desirable place under such circumstances at any time of the year. Fine weather, even in June, is not generally of long continuance ; and dark cloudy weather is commonly indicated by a heavy swell rolling in from the eastward. Winds arc frequently strong from W.N.W., but S.W. are the prevalent winds during the summer months. To the West an islet or rock, called Deadman Islet, stands alone in the sea, at 7] miles N.W. by W. from the western point of Amherst Island, and is extremely re- markable. In shape it is an irregular prism, and about 3 cable's lengths long by one wide. When seen broadside it resembles a body laid out for burial, lience its name. Seen end on, it looks like a pyramid, and about 170 feet high above the sea. It appears to be quite inaccessible, and sharp at the top. The waves foam around its base, and dash their white spray far up its sides, beautifully contrasting with tlie re- markable colours of the rock, which appears of a dark reddish brown at each end, and bluish green in the centre, the colours passing into each other. A reef extends from it, for one-third of a mile, toward Amherst Island. The White Horse, a very dangerous reef, lies N. (50" E. true 7 miles from Dead- man Islet, and W.N.W. 5i miles fron Gull Island, on the coast of Grindstone Island. It is small, and has 10 feet water over puiiited rocks, on which the sea often breaks. ENTRY ISLAND. id from wrecks, ISO at Amherst, ill of the year, iven oat a{<;ain, vo gone to the e secured their 7 fathoms of rith Grindstone ivc or six miles called Basque is the deepest, and N.E. of tho and the only inchorage is in ng S.W. i W, easant Bay ; its vater. side of Pleasant d the only one nest months of from the east- does not occur avy and rough le cable on eacli rocky point of ilo, and a little the southward, f large drauj^ht f from 3 to 3i for holding, and erly gale, eitlier 1 Pleasant Bay at any time of nd dark cloudy stward. Winds nds during tho the sea, at 7j cxtrenielj" n- ngths long by irial, lience its above the sen. bam around its g with tlie re- i at each end, V reef extends OS from Dead- of Griridstune h tho sea often The Pierre de Gros Cap is another dangerous reef, on tho West of OrindNtone Island, it has 18 feet least water, and lies N.E. by E. J E. 6 miles from the White Horse; N.W. I W. from Hospital Cape, and 3J miles from Cape la Trou, the nearest point of Grindstone island. Entry Island is the highest of the Magdalens, and 580 feet high above the sea. It may be seen, in clear weather, from 8 to 9 leagues off. The eastern side is bold close-to. There are high and magnificent cliffs of trap, porphyry, new red sandstone, and red marl around it, excepting the N.W. point, which has a long sandy spit off it ; on the North point is the remarkable Tower Rock. The cliffs of Amherst island are also red of different shades ; these contrasted with the green pasture of the hill sides the darker green of the spruce trees, and the bright yellow of the sand-bars and beaches produce an effect extremely imposing in a brilliant sunny day, which some- times occurs. The Andromache Rocks extend 1| cables from the High Rock, and there is a 3^ fathoms patch one-third of a mile off the N.E. point. The Pearl Heefliea E. by N. 4} miles from the N.E. point of Entry Island, and S.E. I S. 8| miles from Cape Alright ; it is small and dangerous, having 9 feet least water. Grindstone Island) to the North of Amherst Island, is the second in size of the group : it is 550 ft. high ; and to the N.E. of this is Alright Island. Its S. point is Cape Alright, which is remarkable i the cliffs of a greyish white colour, with occasional brick-red low down, are 400 feet high. The S. extremity of the cape is low, with a small rock close off it. Alright Ree/iiea E. by S. 3j miles from Cape Alright ; there is 6 feet water over it. From Grindstone Island the West coast is a continuance of sand-beaches and sand, hills, for 9 to 10 miles, to IVol/e Island, which is of low sand-stone cliffs, three- quarters of a mile long; after which the sand-beaches recommence, and continue with high sand-hills occasionally 9 or 10 miles farther to the North Cape, or Grosse Island, a precipice of considerable height. Off this are the North'Cupe Rocks, 600 fathoms off shore. The East Point of the Magdalens is of low sand, with several sand-hills, which extend W. to the N.E. Cape. Off the East point is the Lmg Spit, a ridge of sand, with from 2 to 3 fathoms of water, extending Ij mile S.E. \ S. from the point : and for Ij mile further the depth is from 4 to 6 fathoms. To clear this spit in 5 or 6 fathoms, take care not to bring Old Harry Head to bear to the southward of West. It is extremely dangerous, and there is a heavy breaking sea on it. Doyle ReefWes S.E. 5 E. Gj miles from the East Point. The least water on it is 3 fathoms on one spot, and 12 to 13 fathoms all round it. It seldom shows, but is one of the worst dangers of the Magdalens. The only mark to clear it is the North Cape of the Magdalens, open two-thirds of its breadth to the N.E. of tho North-East Cape, which is a remarkable hill, 230 feet high, on East Island, which stands at the head of Grand Entry Harbour, and can be seen over all the sand-hills. S.W. of East Point is Coffin Island, the N.E. point of which is Old Harry Head, lying W.S.W. 4i miles from it. From this head 2i miles S.S.W. i W. lies the outer- most of the Columbine Shoals, a patch of rocks with 3 fathoms water. Between this and Coffin Island are numerous small shoal patches, some of which have not more than 3 feet water. This is a dangerous part, and should not be approached at night, or during fogs. At the S.W. end of Coffin Island is the entrance of Grand Entry Harbour, which is extremely narrow, and ought not to be attempted without a pilot. The depth in this entrance is not more than 10 feet least water, and the harbour itself is extensive and well sheltered. Bryon, or Cross Island, is uninhabited. Its East end bears from tho East Point of the Magdaleii, N. by E. | E. 10 miles. The North side has steep cliffs of red sandstone. Approach no nearer than in 8 fathoms. Reefs extend Ihree-quartera of a mile to the N.E. off its East end ; another off the West end extends 1 J mile to tho G. ISf R. of St, Lawrence. C 6 THE BIR]) ISLETS OR ROCKS. West; and off tho sandy S.W. point, a third extends IJ mile to the southward. On the South side there is good shelter, with North and West winds, in 6 fathoms, sandy bottom, the East end of the island bearing E. by S., and the reef to the west- ward bearing West. In this road is a strong underset, which makes a ship at her anchors roll heavily. The BIRD ISLETS, or Rocks, are small, and not far asunder: in the passage between them is a rocky ledge. They are of moderate height, flat and white at top. One appears like a high lump, and abounds with gannets. The southernmost is the largest ; from the East end extends a small ledge of rocks. Between these islands and Bryon Isle is a rocky ledge, with a depth of from 4 to 7 fathoms. It is generally recommended to pass to the eastward of the Bird Islets, unless a special advantage may be gained by passing between them and Bryon. In sailing from these islands, toward Capo Rosier, you will have a depth of from 30 to 60 fathoms, to tho distance of 18 leagues from the islands, and then lose soundings until you approach the cape. LIGHT. — A lighthouse has been erected on the Great Bird Rock. It exhibits a Jixed white light, 140 feet above tho level of the sea, and visible 21 miles off. Lat. 47" 60' 40' N., long. 61° 8' 20" W. The Bird Islets, S.S. W. i W. 4 miles. THE ISLAND OF ANTICOSTI.— This islar'l is 41 leagues in length, between the meridians of QV 40' and 61' .'J3' ; and, with oiie exception, has no bay nor harbour eapablo of affording shelter to shipping. There is not a single detached dange^ off any part of its coasts. It is generally, but nowhere exceeding 700 feet high, and may be seen, in clear weather, at S or 9 leagues ; but the haze is so great, in the summer season, that it can seldom bo distinguished at more than 5 leagues. The island is un- cultivated, and covered with immense forests, to which Indians repair, from the neighbouring continent, for the purpose of shooting bears. Tho only permanent in- habitants are those in charge of the three lighthouses and the provision posts at Ellis Bay and Shallop Creek, and one man at Fox Bay. The powerful stream setting constantly from tho River of St. Lawrence, and the heavy snow-storms in the fall of tho year, have unquestionably been the cause of many shipwrecks on Anticosti. But, in order to relieve such as may be cast ashore here, government agents have been appointed to reside at the two stations all the year, who are furnished with provisions for the use of those who have the misfortune to need them. Boards are placed in different parts, describing the distance and direction to these friendlj' spots. These establishments were made in the year 1809, because the crews of vessels driven on shore here have, sometimes, at the utmost peril of their lives, forsaken them to make their escape to Gaspe. — Boitchett's Canada, 18 Ij. " One of these provision posts is at 2 leagues to the S.E. from tho West end of the island, in Ellis Cove, or Grand Bay ; the other is in Shallop Creek (or Jupiter jRiver, as it is sometimes called), 3 leagues to the W.N.W. from the South point of tho island, and at tho lighthouse." Early in 1829, a shipwreck was discovered to have taken place on the South shore of the island : and it was then found that the establishment for saving lives, &o., had been abandoned, in consequence of which it appeared that 16 or 18 persons had perished from hunger on the island, and no one was left to tell the melancholy tale. Circumstances, however, afforded sufiBcient evidence to prove that tho sufferers were the crew and passengers of the ship Graniciis, which sailed from Quebec on the 29th of October, 1828. The lives of these unfortunate persons would, in all proba- THE ISLAND OF ANTICOSTI. southward, in 6 fathoms, f to the west- ship at her the passage white at top, nmost is the these islands is generally 1 advantage hese islands, horns, to the ou approach ft exhibits a 's off. Lat. th, between nor harbour dange^ off fh, and may he summer sland is nn- r, from the manent in- >sts at Ellis :e, and the e cause of ast ashore ns all the nisfortune tance and rear 1809, le utmost Botichett's st end of r Jupiter I point of ith shore &o., had sons had oly tale. ?rs were on the 1 proba- bility, have been preserved, had not the house which they succeeded in reaching been abandoned and destitute of provisions. The same thing occurred to the crew of the Odessa in December, 1854. It should therefore be borne in mind that there is now no provision post here. These particulars are given as a caution. A complete list of the wrecks which have occurred on Anticosti would be a melan- choly document ; but the instances already given are suflBcient to show with how much caution the island should be approached. In thick and foggy weather, the barque i^/ora was stranded here, and lost on the 22nd of August, 1832, at about 15 miles from the lighthouse, when the latter could not be seen. East Cape is in lat. 49° 8' 17', long. 6P 39" 59". It is a perpendicular cliff. 100 ft. high. To the southward of it is Wreck Bay, which is dangerous, and affords no shelter. EAST POINT LIGHTHOUSE.— At the extremity of the low land to the south- ward of Wreck Bay is Heath Point, on which stands a limestone tower 00 feet high j as the point itself is not more than 10 feet above the sea, at a little distance it appears like a sail, and is useful in marking the extent of the low land to vessels either to the East or West of North. The light is brilliant and fixed, 110 feet above high water, and visible at 15 miles off. Between Fox Bay to the North and East Cape the coast is bold and clear ; there is anchorage in westerly winds between Cape Sand 'fop and East Cape, at the distance of a mile from the shore. Beef Point is the South point of Fox Bay, and from it runs a dangerous reef for Ij mile, with only a few feet of water, and 10 fathoms close to the end of it. A house is at the N.W, side of the head of the bay, and was the scene of the sufferings of the crew of the Granicus mentioned above. Table Head is remarkable by the hill, from which it derives its name ; and from hence to Cape Rohert, 19 miles norih-wcstward, the coast is broken into small bays, which afford no anchorage. From Cape Robert to Bear Head, on which is a white beacon 30 ft. high, the bearing and distance are N.N.W. miles. Between them is Bear Bay, which is the best anchorage on the North of Anticosti, and this is in 13 fathoms of water; Cape Itobert bearing S.E. i S., and Bear Head N. by W. j W. From Bear Head to Cape Observation, a bold, high, and remarkable headland, is 12^ miles north-westward ; the coast between them is bold, with high greyish white cliffs, and small bays between. Eleven miles north-westward from Cape Observation is Carietott Point, under which vessels may anchor in fine weather, and can procure wood and water. Farther on is West Cliff, which appears like a white patch on the land, and can be seen at a distance of 6 or 7 leagues. It is now also marked by a beacon. From Carleton Point to within 4 miles of West Cliff there are low cliffs. From West Cliff to High Cliff is 2(5 miles ; between them the coast is low in front, with high ridges a short distance in the country. This part of the coast is very dangerous, as the reefs extend for two miles outward, commencing at West Cliff, where they are half a mile broad, widen- ing to about 12 miles from High Cliff, and terminating about 7 miles East of it. High Cliff Cape is easily recognised, as it is the only cliff on the North coast to which the sea does not come quite up to the base. From High Cliff to North Cape is 13 miles; it is wooded, of very moderate height, and without any cliff. It is distinguished b}' a beacon. The coast here trends round to West Point, between which are flat reefs, extending a mile off shore. It is in lat. 49^^ 52' 20", long. 64= 32' 8^ WEST POINT LIGHTHOUSE is a white tower, 109 feet high, and shows a bright fixed light at 112 feet above high water, visible from a distance of 15 miles. Between West Point and Cape Henry the reefs extend a mile and a quarter off shore, and ought to be approached with caution. Ellis Bay is the only good anchorage in the Island of Anticosti. It runs inland between Cape Henry and Cape Eagle. Off these two capes run flat limestone reefs ; that from Cape Henry is nearly a mile out to the South, and the other extends three 8 SOUTH-WEST POINT AND LIGHTHOUSE. quarters of a mile AVcst of Cape Eagle. The entrance between them is (500 fathoms wide, between the depths of 3 fathoms. Ill approaching the bay with westerly winds, run down the reefs off Cape Henry in 10 fathoms, until the "West side of the White Cliff, on the Kast side of the bay, is on with the East side of the westernmost of two hills at a distance, which lie near the North coast, between the North and West points ; then haul up with these marks on, which will lead into smooth water, close under Cape Henry Jleef, in 3} fathoms, until Mr. Oamache's House bears N. by E., and then bear up for it, and anchor in .'i fathoms, muddy bottom, about half a mile from the flats at the head of the bay, and 300 fathoms from those on either side. Becscie River is a very small stream at the head of a small cove, affording shelter for boats, and is 12 miles S.E. from Ellis Cove; and 7 miles further, in the same direction, are St, Mary's Cliffs, which are 21 miles from-South-West Point, a wooden beacon, in the form of a cross, stands on the cliffs. Observation River is o\ miles northward of this point, and is the largest stream on the island : on the North of this river are some conspicuous sandy cliffs. Between Soath-West Point and EUia Cove there is no anchorage, and off the shore there are reefs of flat limestone, extending fully a mile, and often 10 or 12 fathoms water close to them. Soath-West Point and Lighthouse- — The point is a low projecting mound of limestone, having a small cove on its North side, which forms it into a peninsula ; on the western extremity of the point stands the lighthouse, a conical tower, 75 feet liigh, and the lantern elevated 100 feet above the sea. It shows a brilliant light, which revokes once in a minute, and is lighted every year from the 1st of April to the last day in December. To the lighthouse is attached a provision -post, which forms a very conspicuous landmark. Salt Lake Bay has fine sandy beaches, enclosing lagoons, into whicii the tide flows. It is 11 miles south-eastward of the S.W. point, and off it, in the centre of the boy, with its N.W. point bearing N.E. | E. \\ mile distant, there is very indifferent anchorage in 7 fathoms. At 6 miles East of Salt Lake Bay stands a beacon, with a lozenge head with cross beneath. Thirty-two miles from South- West Point is Pavilion River ; a beacon, with a lozenge and cross above is placed here. In this distance the coast is the boldest on the South of the island, and should be approached with caution. AVhen far enough to the westward to see the revolving light of S.W. point, care should be taken not to bring it to bear in the least to the westwai'd of N.N.W. Shallop Creek lies 13 miles'N.W. of the South Point, and the houses of the pro- vision-post are here: between this and the South point the coast is very low, and may be approached safely by using the lead. South Point is a cliff of sandy clay, about 60 feet high ; a reef extends South of it for nearly 1 J mile. The tower on Heath Point and Cormorant Point bearing E. by S. in one clears this. A beacon with a loiscnge-shaped head on a mast 40 feet high is placed on the cape. The coast between South Point and S.W. Point is much the same in character all along. The principal distinguishing marks are the houses of Mr. Hamelle In charge of the provision-post at Shallop Creek, and the beacons at Pavilion River, and South Point. Cormorant Po»;j< bears E.N.E. 16J miles from South Point, and W. by N. 6 miles from Heath Point. Off Heath Point there is one of the best open anchorages on the island. The best berth is in 10 fathoms, sand and mud, with the light tower bearing E. by N., and Cormorant Point nothing to the West of W^N.W. The vessel will then be 2 miles off shore, and sheltered from all winds between W.N.W. to E. by N., round b) North. At Anticosti the tide flows, on the full and change, at 1'' 43"" : it run.s tide and quarter. Springs rise 10, and nt-aps 4 feet. (iOO fathoms pe Henry in 10 bay, is on lie near the marks on, 3 J fathoms, anchor in of the bay, ing shelter the same ;, a wooden is 5 1 miles oith of this Ellis Cove extending mound of ^insula; on er, 75 feet iant light, ^pril to the ch forms a tide flows. >fthe bay, indifferent ftcon, with it Point is • In this pproached It of S.W. stward of f the pro- low, and outh of it E. by S. t high is racter all In charge id South ■ 6 miles i on the bearing viU then ■ by N.. tide and I ( 9 ) III.-THE NORTHEllN SHORE OF THE GULF, FROM FORTEAU POINT TO CAPE WHITTLE. The coast of Labrador, which is described in this section, is exceedingly dangerous, and, till the recent surveys, was very imperfectly known; there are, however, several good harbours which can be entered by large vessels, and which are used by the fishers that frequent this coast. The whole of the land consists of granitic rocks, without trees, except in the heads of the bays, where small spruce and birch trees are sometimes found. It is broken into numberless islets and bays, and fringed with islets and rocks, forming in some parts so intricate a labyrinth, that no ships of any size can find their way. The dangers of the coast are much increased by the fogs which accompany the prevalent southerly winds. There are very few permanent inhabitants, but the coast is much frequented during the season by cod, seal, and salmon fishers. Cod is abundant, especially to the East of Mistanoque, and several vessels also visit the coast to procure the eggs of the sea- fowl, which are taken principally to Halifax. The permanent fur-trading and seal and salmon fishing establishments are at Bradore, Esquimaux Bay, St. Augustine Harbour, Little Fish Harbour, and Etamamu ; there are but few other inhabitants than at these places. The coasts of the Strait of Belle Isle, &c., to Forteau Point, at its western entrance, were described on pages 85 — 91. Wo here resume the description, proceeding westward. POINT AMOUR LIGHT, brilliant and fixed at 155 feet above high water, has been described on page 91. Forteau Bay is 4 miles wide, Forteau Point forming its western point. Four miles W.N.W. from Forteau Point is St. Clair Bay. There are a reef and a low islet off its eastern point, to the S.W. This bay affords no shelter. Blano Sablon Bay. — Three miles West from St. Clair Bay is Blanc Sablon Bay. It is exposed to westerly winds, but is sheltered by Wood Island and Greenly Island to the S.W. It is an unsafe anchorage, particularly in the fall of the year, and during winds from the West, which send into it a very heavy sea. It is a mile deep, and 1| mile wide, and on a projecting point at the head of the bay are the buildings of the fishing establishment of the bay. Wood Island lies off Blanc Sablon Bay ; it is lo .v and barren, and about 1| mile long, and has some fishing establishments on its East side. Greenly Island lies 1| mile West of M'^ood Island, and between them is a clear channel ; and off the South point of Greenly Island, at the distance of about 200 fathoms, is a rocky shoal. On its East side is a cove sometimes used by the fishers, but this anchorage, as well as that under Wood Island, is not good. One mile and a half westward of Blanc Sablon Bay is Oulch Cove, a small inlet of the main ; there are some rocks off its mouth which shelter it. It is so narrow, that there is not room for the smallest schooner to run about in it ; hence the vessels which frequent it are warped out stern foremost. From Blanc Sablon Bay to Grand Point is 2| miles. Off it is a dangerous reef of rocks, 350 fathoms to the South and West ; and eastward of it, for 1 1 mile, there are rocks above and under water, extend- ing off the shore for a quarter of a mile in some places. From Greenly Island to Southmakers Ledge the course is W. { N. {S. W. by W.), and the distance 128 miles ; but the course between them on this bearing is not safe, as it will take a vessel too near the Murr Rocks, and would pass just within the St. Mary Rocks. The best course would be W. by S. 128 miles, until past the South- makers Ledge. Perroquet Island lies N. by W. 4 W. I3 mile from Grand Point. It is high, and is frequented by vast flocks of puffins. It is nearly half a mile from the land, but there is no vhtinnel between. One mile and a half in the same direction from Grand Point, is the edge of the 10 BRADOUE HAUBOUH ANJi HAY. shoala on the South of Ledges Island. Opposite to the centre of this island, on the main, to the East, is an establishment which is about \\ mile N.N.E. from the West side of Pcrroquet Island. BRADOBE HARBOUR is on the N.E. side of Led£-es Island ; the passage to it is from the South, between a chain of islands off the island, which are quite bold- to, forming the western side of the channel , and the coast of the main, on which is the before mentioned establishment, the eastern side. There is no passage to this harbour to the North or West of Ledges Island, as the space is crowded with rocks and dangers, although there is a narrow and very deep channel for small vessels close on the island. To enter Bradore Harbour, coming from the East, give Grand Point n berth of half a mile, to avoid the reefs lying off it, or taking care that the West extreme of Perroquet Island does not bear to the West of North. Perroquet Island may be passed as near as a quarter of a mile ; having passed this, haul towards the entrance till the West extreme of Greenly Island is half a point open of the West extreme of Perroquet Island, or bearing S. ^ W., which will clear the Oull Rock and Ledge, which bear S.W. by W., and are distant 280 and 490 fathoms respectively from Point Jones, on which the houses stand. The rock just covers at high water, and therefore can always bo seen ; and the ledgo lias 2 fathoms least water, and therefore is extrenrely dangerous. On the West side of this ledge the West ends of Perroquet and Greenly Islands are in one, and they may therefore be avoided by the course above mentioned. Proceed on this course N. ^ E., till Jones's house bear E.N.E. and the northern islet on the East appears like the North extreme of Ledges Island, N.E. by N. ; then steer for the latter, leaving the Gull Rock to the East, and looking out for a small rock lying off an island on the opposite side, after passing which the channel is clear, keeping nearer the islets than the main. A run of about 700 fathoms from the houses will bring you opposite the entrance of the harbour, when you must haul sharp round to the westward, between the islets into the harbour. This entrance is 80 fathoms wide and 8 fathoms deep. The harbour is perfectly land-locked, but will accommodate but a small number of vessels, — the depth being from 4 to 17 fathoms, muddy bottom. In approaching Bradore Harbour from the West beware of the reefs, which extend three-quarters of a mile to the S.W. of Ledges Island. At the back of Bradore Bay, 4 or 5 miles from the N.E. end of it, are the Bradore Hills, the highest land on this coast, that to the N.W. being 12G1 feet above the sea. BRADORE BAY is 5i miles wide from the South of Ledges Island to Point Belles Amours, bearing N.W. % W. ( West) from it. This bay is very dangerous, from the heavy sea sent into it by southerly winds, but on its western side is a beautiful little harbour, Belles Amours Jlarbmr, in which a great number of vessels can lie perfectly land-locked. Water can be procured here, but firewood is very scarce on this coast. Belles Amours Harbour. — The channels to this harbour are formed by Point Belles Amours on the south-west. It is a mound of bare granite, 60 or 70 feet high, — Stony Point, low and green, bearing IvN.E. ^ E., IJ mile distant from it; and the Flat Rocks, lying li mile S. by E. from Stony Point, and I J mile E.S.E. i E. from Point Belles Amours. These form the East and West passages to the harbour. To enter it form the East, steer N. by W. i W., leaving the Flat Rocks * a quarter of a mile to the West, until you approach the East side of Harbour Point, a bare granite hill, 150 feet high, with several beacons of stone on it, within 100 fiithoras, taking cnre not to approach Stony Point within a cable's length ; then steer North till you are abreast of the rock above water off the sandy part of the point ; then J f • 11. M.S. 2>'iobc saw, in 18C9, a dainjcrims nhoc/ of 11 feet water, about 400 yards to the westward of the Flat Rocks, on the eastern side ul the East passage. I BONNE ESPERANCE HARBOUR. ^l brar a little to the westward, so ns to bring; the East side of Harbour Point and Ponil Point ill one ; Pond Point is nearly opposite Stony Point. Keep them in one to clear the North extreme of the Flat, until Mark Paint, the extreme on the North side of the harbour, comes on with Peak Point, a remarkable rocky point in Middle Bay, bearing W. ^ S. When this mark comes on, haul sharp round to the westward, keeping at less than a cable's length from the high North shore, until you are well within the sandy spit, when you may anchor anywhere to the southward, in from 6 to 7 fathoms, muddy bottom. Between Point Belles Amours and the Flat Rocks thcve is n rocky patch of 13 feet water. There are other patches of 3J fathoms between this and the point. To enter the harbour by this western passage, which is preferable in westerly winds, take care not to shut in Stony Point, behind Point Belles Amours, for fear of the Middle Ledges, which lie off Middle Point, the outermost 600 fathoms off shore. Pass Point Belles Amours at the distance of 200 fathoms, and keep at that distance from the shore till past Pond Point ; then bear away to Harbour Point, and proceed as before directed. Middle Point lies 1^ mile W. | N. from Point Belles Amours, and \\ mile E.S.E. from Five Leagues Point ; between which and Middle Point is Middle Bay, a fine open roadstead, free from all danger. It runs N.N.E. for 2 miles, and is above a mile wide ; the depth is between 4 and 13 fathoms, sandy bottom. Five Leagues Point is the S.W. extremity of a peninsula, which is remarkable from an isolated and precipitous hill, 200 feet high, three-quarters of a mile N.E. from its extremity ; and from the point the two Barrier Reefs extend 1| mile to the westward, but are not joined to it. There is also a reef, partly uncovered, running for a quarter of a mile to the S.W. of the point. These ore cleared by keeping the South extremes of Ledge and Belles Amours Points in one, bearing E. % S. Five Leagues Harbour is to the West of the point of the same name, but is quite unfit for any vessel of moderate size. Salmon Islet lies W. by N. 4f miles from Five Leagues Point ; it is nearly joined by a spit of sand to Caribou Island, off which the shoals extend nearly 400 fathoms to the S.E. Between this island and the main, to the East of it, is the eastern entrance to Salmon Bay, which has but 6 feet depth at low water ; the other entrance to the bay is from Bonne Esperance round to the North of Caribou Island, in which is plenty of water, and is well sheltered. BONNE ESPERANCE HABBOUR is the best harbour on the coast, and lies on the West of Caribou Island. Whale Island lies N.W. by W. i W. ( JT. | S.) 18^ miles from Greenly Island, at the entrance of the Strait of Belle Isle, and all vessels bound to Bonne Esperance endeavonr to make this island, which is the south- easternmost of the Esquimaux Islands. It has a roundish hill near its centre, on which is a pile of stones, as there is also on almost every summit of these islands. Whale Island bears W. by S. i S. {S. W. a S.) 4| miles from Salmon Islet before mentioned. Between lie the islands which form the harbour. They are very steep, and of bare granite. Goddard Island lies to the S.W. of Caribou Island, and is joined to it and another islet by shoal water ; it has a small rock nff it, 130 fathoms to the S.W., and 3u0 fathoms to the South of it is Goddard Rock, which dries at low water. On the other side of this channel, opposite to these rocks, are the Watch, a small uncovered rock, and Breaking Ledge, which just covers at high water. The entrance to the harbour between these is 460 fathoms wide, and 17 fathoms deep. Beacon Islet lies W.S.W. i W. 1 mile from Goddard Islet ; it is rather low, and a pile of stones on it. Thrce-quartersof a mile W. of it is Red Head, an island bearing E.N.E. {N.E. by N. \ N.) 900 fathoms from Whale Island. Fish Islet lies between them. To the N.E. of Red Head Island is Chain Island, formed by two penin- sulas, and beyond it Bonne Esperance Island, three-quarters of a mile long. Lion Island lies a quarter of a mile East of Bonne Esperance Island, and between them is a low islet, leaving a narrow and difRcult channel between it and Bonne Esperance Island. Off the East side of Lion Island is the Whelp Rock, which is always It ESQUIMAUX BAY, RIVER, AND ISLANDS. uncovered, and SO fathoms from the island. Between this rock on the West, And Ooddard and Caribou Islands on the East, may be termed the inner entrance from the main channel. To enter the Bonne Esperance Harbour, being; to the eastward, and the wind from the East, stand toward Caribou Island, and when off the South side, and half a mile from it, the South sides of Beacon and Red Head Isles, and the North side of Fish Ifllet, will be in one, bearing W. | N. Bear up on this mark, or else steer West, keeping the lead going, and a sharp look-out for Ooddard Rook. You will have about 9 fathoms at k>w water, until past this, when it will deepen suddenly to Ifi or 19 fathoms, and then you will bo in the channel. Beat immediately N. by E., and Whelp Rock will be right ahead in one with the West side of House Island, I;'ing close under the mainland, about a mile from Lion Island ; it has a house on it. Keep on this bearing till post the Bold Rock, off the S.W. point of Ooddard Island, bear- ing a little eastward to clear Lion Bank and Whelp at a cable's length, and then run up W.N.W. close along the inner sides of Lion and Bonne Esperance Islands into the harbour, anchoring where you please, in 12 to 16 fathoms, over a muddy bottom. The whole bay may be considered as a harbour ; wood and water may be had in abundance from the mainland. In coming from the West with a leading wind, keep half a mile from the South point of Whale Island, and steer E. by N., to avoid two 4-fathom dangers — one tho Whale Patch, lying half a mile E. by S. from the centre of Whale Island, the other two-thirds of a mile South of Beacon Island, called the Middle Patch. These may be avoided by not coming within a less depth than 10 fathoms, or by keeping south- ward of the track above mentioned. Keep on this bearing till Whelp Rock and House Island are in one, bearing N. by E. ; then haul in upon that bearing, and proceed as before. There are several other entrances into Bonne Esperance Harbour, between the surrounding islands. ESQUIMAUX BAT and RIVER He to the North of Bonne Esperance Harbour. Esquimaux Island lies in the middle of the bay, and forms, with the main to the East, a very narrow channel, which runs 1| mile E.N.E., and then opens into a wide space with two islets in it. The mouth of the river and the trading post may be reached b}' keeping along the East coast. The trading post is on a sandy point, backed by spruce trees, 2 miles above Esquimaux Island. The river abounds with salmon. The approach to this river from the west;vard is so intricate, from the number of islands, that no directions can be given. ESQUIMAUX ISLA17DS. — These islands commence at Caribou Island, and extend for 14 miles to the westward. They are generally bare of trees, and are of all sizes and heights under 200 feet. They form an endless number of channels, which it would be impossible to describe ; and off them are several small rocks and shoals, some of which are fully 4 miles from the mainland. Proceeding westward from Whale Island, 4i miles W. by N. J N. ( W.S. W.) we come to the Fort Rocks, which are low, and extend 650 fathoms to the S.W. of Old Fort Island, which is of moderate height, and 1§ mile in diameter. Tho only channel through the islands, between Whale and Old Fort Island, is the Whale Channel, between Whale and Tent Islands. Mertnot Islet is If mile W.N.W. of the outer Fort Rock ; it is low, and has a ledge off it a quarter of a mile to the S.W. Midway between Fort Rocks and Mermot Islet, the course in through Old Fort Channel will be N.E. f N., with very deep water the whole way to Old Fort Bay, which runs toward the N.E. for 4 miles, with deep water to its head. The Dog Islands lie to the West of the Fort Rocks ; they are very numerous, and are surrounded with innumerable rocks and shoals, although there is anchorage be- tween the northern of them and the main, which can be got at easily with a westerly wind from Shecatica, by rnnning under the mainland, in the channel between it and the ledges lying off it. The Eider Islands lie to the North of the Mermot Islands, and East of the Dog Islands. CUMnEULANl) HARBOUR. 18 From the Outer Dog Rocks tho Purpoiae Roclm lie W.N.W. \ \V, S\ miles, and are throe-quartern of a mile offshore; tlie Daulct I»let lies UJ miles further on in tho name direction. It is a small round-backed islet, H;reen at the top, and about 70 feet high. Togetlier with tho opening to Lobster Baj', \\ mile K.N.I''. from it, it serves to point out to a vessel its position off tho coast. Lobster Bay is a na.row inlet run- ning -1 miles to tiio N.E., and towards its upper end there is anchorage. The Peril Eoch is the outermost danger on this part of the coast. It lies \\ milo S.S.W. from the Boulct, and dries at half-tide. Rocky Bay runs \\ milo inland to the N.E. by E., and is 1 milo East of Lobster Rnj'. There is a small covo and fish stage, which is well sheltered, 1 mile up it, on the S.E. side. To the West of Lobster Bay is Napetepee Buy, which is very similar to it, and runs N.E. for 4i miles. Being open to the sea, there is no shelter with a southerly wind, and is, as well as those to the East of it, too narrow to boat out of with a contrary wind. Shecntica Island lies W.N.W. 3 J miles from Boulct Island, and contiguous to it on the West is Mistanoque Island, and lying close to the main. Mistanoque Bay lies directly behind tho island of tho same name, and runs inland 2 miles to the N.E. ; towards the head the depth decreases, so as to be convenient for anchoring. MistanOG[Ue Harboar. — Opposite the mouth of the bay, on the North side of tho island, is Alistaiioquo Harbour, with a depth of 15 to 20 fathoms. Vessels may anchor in less water a little to the East, between the East point of the bay and the island. Elder Islet lies nearly half a mile to the West of Mistanoque, and Dicer Islet lies off its western side; and to the South of whicli, a reef of roeks runs out KU) fathoms. These islets are low, and '100 fathoms to the N.W. of them is a group of small islands, forming, with the others, the western channel to the harbour, which is quite clear. There is nothing immediately outside Shceatica, Mistanoque, Enter, or Uiver Islands ; so that no other directions seem necessary, than to run through the centre of cither channel which may be preferred. Shag Islet bears W. { S. 7 ^ miles from Mistanoque. It is tho best guide for making the latter from the West, as tho Boulet, &e., is from the East. It is small and high, with a round peaked hill, looking green in the middle, and is very remarkable. To the S.E. by E. from it there are many rocks; Shay Rock, the outermost, is 2 miles from it. When three-quarters of a milo South of the Shag Koek, the South point of Shceatica will bear E.N.E. 8 miles off, and this course will take a mile to the South of the 'Phree Rocks lying midway between them. CUMBERLAND HARBOUR bears N. by E. J E. 3 miles from the outer Shag Hock. It is an excellent harbour, the best and easiest of access on this coat. It may be known by a remarkable high hill on the main land, 3.i leagues North from tho entrance of the harbour ; it is the highest in the neighbourhood, and resembles a castle at the top. The harbour should be approached between the Shag Rock and the Three Roeks, which bear E.N.E. 2i miles from the other. Tho islands forming the harbour are )f moderate height, the easternmost making in two round hills. In sailing in there i^ no danger but what shows, except a small rock, which lies S. by W. rather more than half a mile from the West point of the entrance. As soon as you arrive within its outer points, haul over to the West side, bear N. by W. J W. three-quarters of a mile to the inner point on the West, and then haul to the eastward and anchor where you please. Water can be procured here. The coast at this part, lying between Mistanoque and Cape Mecattina, is broken into immense bays and inlets, the islands being very large, of moderate height, and partially covered with moss. The outer coast is lined with small islets and rocks, which are verj- difUcult to pass through, while within them there is a great depth of water in the intricate channels and baj-s between the islands and main. Sandy Harbour lies N.N.W. i W. 2^ miles from Sbng Island, in the large island of the same name. To sail into it, pass to the East of the Uyr/ Roeks, ling If milo N.W^ by W. from Shag Island, and keep the starboard point of the bay, bearing N.E. more than half a mile from Egg Island, on board in going in. You will then G. iJj- R. of Si, Lawrence, P-- , 14 GRKAT MECATTINA ISLAND. t'( a imnll uncovered rock to the North, lying toward the East side off the entrance to the harbour, and which may he jjasHcd on either side, and then Hteer N.N.E. i E. for the harbour J and when within the entrance, haul to the N.W. and anchor in 6 or () fathoms. Port Aui/iistine is very small, with a narrow and intricate entrance. There ii a Bcnl-tibhinf? iind trading post here. The entrance to it is to the West of Augmtine Chain — a chain of small islets, the outer one a smooth round rock ; the South extremity of the chain bearing W. i S. 7 miles from Shag Island. Emile Ilurhouf, on Long Island, is not tit for anything but small vessels, the entrances being narrow and intricate j and this part of the coast is very dangerous, on account of the numerous islets and rocks off it. Wood Island, so called from its being covered with wood, lies off the entrance of Fish Harbour, N. J W. 4J miles from the Bottle, on the North of Great Mecuttina Island. The entrance to Fish Harbour is on either side of Wood Island, the northern being the best, there being a ledge to the South of the island which always shows J and a rock of 2 feet one-third of a mile S.S.E. J E. from the East point of the island. Wood and water may bo obtained, and there is a trading establishment hcri". Ha-Ha Bay is at the western end of the islands which hide the mainland fron" between it and Mistanoque. It runs N.E. by N. for 8 miles, and has several good anchorages, but is out of the way of vessels. Seal Point, the western side of the entrance, is a mile N.E. of Wood Island. OBEAT MECATTINA ISLAND is to the South of Ha-Ha Bay. and is 2 miles S.E. from Red Point, the nearest part of the main. It is 3J miles long, North and South, 3 miles wide, and about uOO feet high in the centre. It is granitic, and the position of the island, with relation to the high land inside of Cape Mecattiua, 4 or 5 miles W.N. W., distinguishes it from any other island in the gulf. Nearly joined to its North point is the Bottle, a high round islet, with a small rock close oflf it; to the N.W. by N., and half a mile in the same direction, is a rocky shoal of 4 fathoms. Jilnff Head is the high N.E. point of the island ; and between it and the Bottle is a cove, 1 mile deep, called Island Harbour, sheltered from the East by a cluster of small islets and rocks, leaving a passage on either side of them. The anchorage is near the head of the cove, in from 14 to 20 fathoms. Treble Hill Island lies E. by S. about 3 miles from the centre of the island. Flat Inland lies S.S.E. J E. 3 miles from the South point, and the Murr Islets lie S.W. about 4 miles from the same point, and a quarter of a mile N.E. by E. from the easternmost of them, is a ledge on which the sea generally breaks. These islands are quite bold-to, and swarm with sea-fowl. Mecattina Harbour is small and safe, lying between Mecattina Island and the mainland, 3} miles N.W. by W. J W. from Round Head, a high peninsula on the AVcst side of Great Mecattina Island, and 2^ miles N.E. from Cape Mecattina. The eastern entrance is rendered diflScult, from a reef of rocks running across it to the northward, and should not be attempted but in fine weather, as the slightest mistake would place the vessel on shore. The western entrance is in the small bay between Mutton and Mecattina Islands, but there is no anchorage in it ; and to enter the harbour it is only necessary to keep in the middle, there being no danger, to pass safely through the narrow western entrance. The depth within is 6 or 7 fathoms, but 3 fathoms can only be carried through the entrance. Wood and water can be procured, and it is much frequented by whale fishers. To the West of Mecattina Harbour is Portage Bay, lying 2 miles N. by E. from the South point of Cape Mecattina. It runs in about li mile to the northward, and affords some shelter. In the mouth of the bay is a small islet, towards the East side, Whii h forms a small harbour, the western entronee to which is the best. In the approuuh to tliis harbour there arc two 15-feet ledges to be avoided, one 400 fathoms S. i W. from the West end of Mutton Island, and the other half a mile N.E. by E. fiom the aouthern Seal Rock, which is three-quarters of a mile N.E. by N. from the liAKK IIAKIioUU. 15 South point of C'upu Mccuttitm. Insidu tliu bay, juMt witliiii tlio entrance, there is also a snug cove on the Knst side for small vrNsel.H. Great Meoattina Point.— The S.IO. extremity is in lat. fiOMl' 10 North, and long. 6»" fl' 13 West. It is a long and very remarkable promontory of the mainland, and of moderate heij^ht for some distance to the northward of its extremity ; but nbout 3 miles to the North, it rines to the height of 08.3 feet above the sea, and tiiu high land of Meeattina, at the back of the Mccattina Harbour, is the highest land upon this coast. From the point there are some islands and rocks, extending for '2J miles nearly iu a line S.S.H. { R. from the southern extreme of the promontory. The const between this and Cape Whittle is of the most dangerous character to a stranger failing in with it at night or thick weather, and the quantity of wrecks found almost everywhere demonstrates this. Little Meoattina Island.— The eastern point of this land lies W. by S. (•S'. W.) 15 miles from Great Meeattina Point, and between them is an extensive bay, filled with innumerable islands and rocks, among which no vessel could find her way, and all description is therefore useless. Little Meeattina Island is nearly divided into two parts by the Bay de Salahevry, on its western side ; the northern portion is very low, composed of sand, covered with moss, and connected to the southern part by a very narrow isthmus. The South part is remarkable land, the hiji^hest part of which is 800 ft. above the sea, and is visible from a great distance, while the islands and coast around it, being lower, cannot bu discerned so for. To the N.N.W. of the island is the Littlo Meeattina liicer, which is large, and falls 30 ft. over granite, 2i miles alwve the island. Tlicre is no channel for vessels between the island and the main. HABE HARBOUR is on the East of the island, and has several rocks and ledges in it. It is open to the South, bu tithe swell there is not largo enough to affect a vessel. In coming from the East to this harbour, the outermost danger in the space between it und Capo Meeattina is the Fin Jiocks, lying W.S.VV. ^ W. 10 miles from Cape Meeattina, and E. j N. 5^ miles from Point Antrobus, the S.E. extreme of Littlo Meeattina Island, and between which is a large open bay, called the Bay of Rocks. With an easterly wind, these Fin Rocks ought to bo passed at the distance of half a mile. After passing them, 2{ miles westward, the Scale Rock will be 400 fathoms to the right, and the Tail Rocks three-quarters of a mile distant; and one mile further on the same course, the Single Rock,^\xst above water, will be three-quarters of a miiu to the right, and which should not be approached nearer than a quarter of a mile, on account of three sunken rocks around it, loU fathoms distant. When abreast of this, bear north-westward by degrees, till half a mile West of it, when the entrance to tho harbour will bo quite clear, and to the W.N.W. It lies between Daly and Price Islands, and within the entrance, about 170 fathoms, on the East side, is the Watc\i. Rock, above water, and Bold Islet, one-third of a mile from tho entrance. On the West side, bearing N. \ W. 200 fathoms from tho East extreme of Daly Island, which is the West side of tho entrance, lies Safe Rock, above water : and nearly midway between it and Bold Islet, is Rug Ledge, which just dries at low water. These ai u the principal dangers near the entrance, and when within them you can choose the anchorage, by the lead, avoiding some 4 to (i-fathoms rocky patches. In coming hero from the West, after passing one-quarter of a mile off Stuff Islet, lying off the Eabt side of Littlo Meeattina Island, tho entrance will bear N. % W. one mile distant i and it cannot bo mistaken, as it is the only channel through which you can sic clear into the harbour, the other channel between Daly and Price Islands to tliw East of the proper channel, being intricate and unsafe, and therefore must b:^ avoided. Little Meeattina Cove is on tho East side of the island, to the N.N.E. of Point An- trobus, but it is small and deep. Water can be procured at its head. The South shore of Little Meeattina Island, to Cupc Macliiinon, is high and boh!. 16 WAI'ITAOUN IIAUnOMl. with rrmnrkiiblf brnclic* of wliiti' bouhli-r ntnn«'N occiiHionally i Qiid to tlic Wt'»t of tlio isliiiKl it Ai/lmrr Sniiinl, in which flicro it no iliiiitft r thiit cannot bo nion. The Sprmj He,/, iiwiihh nt low wnt>l« from Ciiiio Miickinnon. There it noffood ancUoinp' in Aylmir Sound, until bryond the Dm/la hlanih, behind which is Lon Until, und [.onim Itarlour, whirli in about '^(H) fatlionu wid(> at the entrance, and veHMcls can ride within, in from W to .'j f»thom», over a mudd) bottom. It is Hhultered from the W.8.W. by the Doyle iHlaiid^ and the nppronch to it \» to the liunt of them, ki t'pin« them aboard, to clear bomo ledjfcu lyiii(j in the entrance of Aalalicrry Jinif to the IS'.K. ('y W. i W. front it is Vlntk Jtrt-f, of low black rocks above water : and W. by N. 1 J mile from Ciipe Airey In j\fiiii>r Iteif, awash, whichis 1|, miles from the yi;/iil(imu InlatKh, on the same line of boarinf?. These islands nre Hmall, with a remarkable mound on tho huKCht of thorn. NetHKomu lliver bears N. by W. IJ mile from the islands, and may ho known by the snndy bench, backid with u thick j^iowth of hprurc trees on either side of tho entrance, which is narrow and deep, and \\ mile from which are thu falls, .'>() feet hiKli. A bar of wand extends a mile from the entrance, und is extremely dangerous to boats ; it has IJ ft. water over it. The St. Murk Is/aitih lie W.S.W. from Cape .\iroy, It) miles distont ; they arc of bare steep granite, and bold all round. The CliH' Island and Boat Islands lie to tho West of them. Wataghcistio Island Hcs to tho North of these ; it is I) miles lonjf, and above 1 J mile broad, and lies in the mouth of a large bay, forming a large sound within it, in which tlicie arc several good aiiulioring places. These cannot be approached without 7 miles of dangerous navigation, and should therefore not be attomi)ted but under nbsohite necessity. To the North of tho St. Mary Islands are Hcveril islets, rocks, niul leefs; Cure /!) miles from the S.W extreme of tho Hoat I'ilands, W.S.W. \ W., and (> miles from the S.W. extreme of the St. Mary Islands. The Tender Uock is small and awash ; it lies N. by W. } W. a mile from the northernmost St. Mary Keef, and 2 ?niks S. j W. from the westernmost of the Middle Islands, which lie within the Boat Islands, between them and Wataghcistic. Between the Middle Islands and W'apitngun the coast is broken into coves, and lined with islets and rocks innumtrable, among which nothing but a very small vessel, lerfeetly arcjuaintcd with the const, could find her way. The EtumamH liicrr enters the sea at 4 miles N.K. from Wapltagun. It is rapid, and there is a trading and salmon-fishing post at its mouth. JJistnssttii Ruck is a reniarkablo block of granite, resembling a mortar, and some- times called the (Jun by tlie fishers. It is an excellent guide to the eastern entrance to Wa])itngun, from which it is distant three quarters of a mile to tho westward. Soiitlunakn-s Lcdije lies S. by W. ',)\ miles from the Mistassini Rock, W. \ N. (S. W. hy W. ^ W.) 9 miles from St. Mary Hocks, and CJ miles S.E. { E. from Capo AV'hittlc. Tho course from this dangerous reef to Greenly Island, near the entrance of the Strait of Belle Isle, is East [N.E. hi/ E.) distance 128 miles. It is a small rock, which is never entirely covered in moderate weather ; the extent of tho reef around it is lao fathoms East and West, and 50 fathoms North and South, and there is no danger near it. The soundings are ver,- irregular round it. WAPITAGUN HARBOUR is a long nariow channel between tho outer islands of Wapita;;un, wKiih iiie ut buie granite, und appear as but one inland, und Wapitaguu CAl'K WlinTLK. 11 uWcat of thu I. lo from Ciipo nil the />.»»// inoiiiid on "lunds, and iiT trees on liif'linro tlio is I'Xtremely tliey are of '» Jio to tho ■ iind obovo d within it, approached -' uttompted nro Neveril \'- from tlio How water, I'ata^'hc'istio lialf a milo iftly sailed I or outsido iiig- a milo extreme of (-■ St. Mury tnilo from lONt of tho !»fflici.stic. 30VCS, and cry small t is rapid, md somc- cntranco card. N. {S. IV. ora Capo t'litranco s a small tho reef nd there *lands of ipita{,'uu Inland to tho northward of them, and ia completely »hel(fo?*re of Largo mile to the her in, the nearly two quite bold, nner Birch the channel to proceed ut 100 feet oms off its out nearly Island, and t of Large e is a very Dst of the 3 centre of luartcrs of carter of a ' >ms to the imbers of ;ho Birch r is about mile; its wooded. oms from 'iiver, off ranee of lie river, ;and the " grand Indians. lurbour cir own lUVEll ST. JOHN. -tB breadth to the northward of the island. Steer for the houses, thus open, leaving the Kast end of the island, IdO fathoms on your left, and taking care to keep tho S. side of tho sandy point of the main, which forms the western entrance of the harbour, shut in behind the N. side of the island ; for when they are in one, you will be on shore on tiie sandy shoal of Mingan River. Proceed till you have arrived at the centre of the harbour, keeping a cable's length off the North side of tho island, and anchor anywhere in from to 13 fathoms. In coming from the westward, run in towards the sandy beach of the mainland, nt the distance of three-quarters of a mile to the West of the island, until the sandy point, which forms the West end of the harbour, comes on with the face of tho clay cliffs to tho East of the Company's houses, bearing E. by S., or in 11 fathoms water. Bun in upon this bearing along the beach, and give the above sandy point a berth of half a cable, and anchor as before directed. The northern sides of all the islands westward from Niapisca Island are bold to, so the Mingan Channel, between them and the main, is clear and safe throughout ; on its North side is Moutange Island, to the North of Quarry Island ; the shoals which extend between it and Moniac Island to the E., and which are nearly dry at low water, from the northern side of the channel, which it would be better not to a])proach nearer than at a distance of 1 ^ mile from the opposite shore, or within 10 fathoms water. Mingan, as well as Esquimaux Harbour, has this great advantage, that vessels can enter or leave them with easterlj' or westerly winds. The following observations on this harbour are by Mr. Jefferj', M.Il.N. : — "The coast of Labrador, about Mingan, and eastward to the point called Mount Joli, is low, and nothing remarkable appears to point out, to any one unacquainted, tho position of a ship. The small harbour of Mingan is well sheltered, with sufficient water for any vessel. Harbour Island, which forms the anchorage, is rather difficult to make out, being low, covered with trees, and very much resembling the coast of the main. " To a vessel bound for Mingan, and coming round the W. end of Anticosti, I should recommend steering for Mount. St. John, which is the highest land on that part, and makes like a saddle. This will lead you about 12 miles to the westward of tho harbour, and well clear of the Perroquets, or westernmost of the Mingan Islands. When within a mile and a half of the coast, run along shore, by the lead, until you make out the harbour. " On coming from the eastward, it may be advisable to run inside the islands, into the Mingan channel, as soon as possible after making the land ; any of the channels may be taken, with a little caution, and the lead kept going. When you are through, you will see the houses of the Hudson's Bay settlement : by keeping them their own length open, you will go in clear of the reef off the East end of Harbour Island. It is necessary to be very cautious in approaching the banks on the North side. Tho island is bold, and may be approached within 40 or 60 fathoms ; but you must open tho W. point on the North shore with the North point of the island, until you aro well into the harbour. The anchorage is anywhere off the houses. No supplies of any kind can be obtained, except wood and bad water. " The flood tide sets strongly through between the islands and along the coast to tho westward ; the ebb in tho contrary direction. Lat. of Harbour Island 50' 17' 30", long. 64" 2." RIVER ST. JOHN- — From Lono Pa-it, North of Mingan Island, a broad beach of fine sand reaches to the River St. John, the entrance to which lies nearly 6^ miles N.N.W. I W. from Perroquet Islands ; and Mount St. John, an isolated saddle- backed hill, 1416 ft. high, is 11 miles N.E. f N. from the entrance. It is frequented occasionally by fishing schooners, early in the season. At the entrance between tho clay cliffs on the West and a sandy point on the East side, the river is 130 fathoms wide ; it increases in breadth to nearly half a mile immediately within tho entrance, and then gradually contracts. The tide ascends it about 6 miles, and the river then becomes too rapid to be navigated. 86 TIIR mVETl MOISIC. There is {(ood anchorage outside the bar, there being 3 fathoms ut tlircp-quartcrs of a mile from the mouth. It divides the (governments of Labrador and Canada. The E. point of the entrance is in lat. 50° 17' 3', and long. 04" 23' 13'. From the Kiver of St. John to Mai/pie Point is W.N.W. 8 miles, and between them is Maypie Bu\j, in wliich there is good anchorage, in winds ofl" the land. Three- «luarterB of a mile W. of the Magpie River, which is large and rapid, but of no use to boats, is a rocky shoal, a quarter of a mile off shore. Ridge Point is 3} miles W.N.W. J W. from Magpie Point, and from it there extends a long narrow ridge of rocky ground, with from 4 to 6 fathoms water, for ^ miles to the westward, across a bay, and at times there is a very heavy sea upon it. Sawhill river is 23 miles westward of the River St. John ; it .noy be distinguished by the clay cliffs immediately within the entrance, and by the peculiar hills on either NJdcofit. It will afford shelter to boats and very small craft, but it can only bo entered in very fine weather. Shallop river is 7J miles N.W. by W. from Sawbill River, and affords shelter only to boats. Off this and sandy Kiver, 2^ miles to the westward of it, there are some rocks, the outermost of which are half a mile off shore. The coast of this part is impregnated with iron, the black oxide of which is hero found abundantly. It has a strong magnetic action on the compass on shore, causing it to vary from 14 to 29 degrees West ; but at the distance of two or three miles, this error does not exceed halt' a point, and at the distance of Ave or six miles it is insensible. ManitOQ River is the next to the westward, 4 J miles N.W. by W. from Shallop River. It is the largest on the coast, excepting the rivers St. John and Moisie. It may be readily distinguished from a vessel several leagues off the coast, by two remarkable patches of clay cliff, one of which is close to the eastward, the other about one mile to the north-westward from it. The falls on this river, half a mile from the entrance, are of the most magnificent description. An immense sheet of water rushes over a precipice of porphyry, the height of which is 113 ft. There is good anchorage off this river, the entrance bearing N.E. \ E. IJ mile distant, in 15 fathoms, over mud, and 1 mile from Manitoti Point, the nearest point of the shore. Smaller vessels may anchor further in-shore, to the westward of the bar. The only danger is a small rocky shoal, bearing W. by N. 2^ miles from the entrance of the river, about three-quarters of a mile off shore. Bason river is lOJ miles W.N.W. J W, from Manitou River, but is only fit for boats or very small craft. Cape C'ormorant lies 1 J mile West of it, and Bluskowitz Point is 5| miles W.N.W. i W. from the latter, and between them arc the Cormorant Islets, off which is Cormorant reef, small and dangerous, lying 2f, miles W. :J N. from the Cormorant Cape. To avoid this, vessels should keep Points Blaskowitz and St. Charles open of each other, as when in one, bearing W.N.W., the maik is on the reef. Point St. Charles is in lat. 50° 15' 25', and long. G5' 48' 50'. It is the eastern point of Moisie Bay ; Point Moisie at the entrance of the Moisio River being tho western, and 11 miles apart. Off tho point is a dangerous reef, being so bold that there is no warning by tho lead. Some of the rocks always show, but tho outermost patch> , aic tl ways covered ; these last lie three-quarters of a mile off, to the S.S.W. from the So^th extreme of tho point, and vessels should take eare not to be becalmed to tho westward of this reef, lest the heavy swell from the S.W., so frequent on this coast, should heave them toward the reef. Trout river is on the head of the bay, and is the termination of the rocky shores from the E. and the eoramencoment of the bold sandy beach, which extends GJ miles S.W. by W. to the River Moisie. The RIV£R MOISIC is a larger river than the St. John, but is much obstructed by the sand-bars, which are formed by the great force with which the river descends; V SEVEN ISLANDS BAY. 27 "■ec-quartois the entrnnco 'fwcon them "d. 'Jhrut- ut of no uso )m it there water, for heavy se,i 'tingiiishod on eitlier u only bo loJtcr only " ojo some !h is hero Pi causing reo miles, "Its it is 1 Shallop oisie. It < ^y two lor about from tho tT rushes 'i niile St point i of tho fom tho fit for skowi'tz »ioraiit . 3 N. iowitg ^ is oil istorn g- tho r the ■red ; if tho roof, hom ores liles ted lis; Jhero is uflually not loss than 2 ft. least water on tho bar. It is very bold-to off its mouth ; but from Point Moisic, the South point of tho river, there is a shoal extends '2' miles W.S.W. | \V. from the point, to tho Moitic rock, wlilcli is exceedingly dttn!,'orou8. It is as bold ns a wall to tho South and S.W., ond con generally be seen in fine weather, from the change in the colour of the water, and from heavy breakers when there is much sea running. 'I'hcre is no close leading mark for clearing this rock, but a vessel will bo IJ milo from the edge of the shoal, when the North side of the Manowin Island is on with the South point of Great Roule Island. SEVEN ISLANDS BAT-— The sandy point, which is tho eastern point of the entrance of this magniticent bay, is 11 miles westward of Point Moisic. The bay is completely sheltered by the Seven Islands lying off its entrance, which is 2J miles wide. A fine brood, bold, sandy beach extends for II miles northward from the Eust point of tho bay, to the entrance of tho principal river, near which stands tho Hudson's Raj' Company's trading post. The houses at this post cannot be seen from the outer parts of the ba)', but there is wooden store on the beach, off which vessels usually anchor. Water can be obtained from this river at high tide. The Seven Islands are high and steep, of primary rocks, very thinly wooded, nnd cun be made out from a distance of 7 or 8 leagues, being unlike anything else in the gulf. The easternmost of these islands are the Great ami Little Boule, tha former of which is the highest of them all, its summit being (ido ft. above the sea at high water ; its South point bears West 9 J miles from Point Moisic. The channel between these two islands is subject to baffling winds, and the flood tide sets strongly to the West, and the ebb to the East, through it : a circumstance that must be attended to in all the channels between the.islands. The JUast rocks, which are low and baro of trees, lie between Little Boule and the shoal to the N.E. : they are out of the way of vessels, which ought not to go into this embayed place. The Little and Great Basque Islands lie next to the Boules ; Great Basque, the inner island, is 500 ft. high. Manowin and Carousel lie to the S.W. of the Basques: the former is 457 ft. high; the latter much lower, and the southernmost of the islands ; its South extreme is iu lat. 60" 6' 29 , long. of it, and is composed of two islets. There is a bay on the inner or N.W. sido of Great Cawee, in the mouth of which there is anchorage at a cable's length from the island. It is an intri ateand dangerous place, but may bo of great use as a place of refuge in case of distress. In making for it from the eastward, steer N.W. past the N.E. side of Great Caweo Island, keep- ing half a mile off, to avoid tho shoal off tho mouth of the cove, until the point of tho main land to the westward opens clear of the North side of the islond. When you arrive between the rocks and the island, which you will come to by steering for the point of tho mainland, keeping it midway between tho North side of the island and these rocks, which lie to the northward of it, haul into the mouth of the small baVi which is on the N.W. sido of the latter, and anchor in 7 fathoms at low water. This anchorage may be come at from tho westward, by keeping in mid-channel between Little Cawee and tho main ; but it would be better to pass between Great and Littlo (Jawco Islands, hauling close round tho West point of the latter into tho anchorage. Tile tides run through between the island and the main at a rate seldom exceeding 1 \ knot, and generally much less. Lobster Bay is an excellent open roadstead, between Point (S/jroM^e, three-quarters of a mile north-westward of Little Cawee Island, and tho Crooked Islands, li miles to tho westward of the point ; the head of tho bay is occupied by an extensive fiat but there is plenty of room for the laigest ships. Pentecost river is IJ mile to tho westword of Crooked Island; it would afford shelter to small vessels, but is difficult of entrance. English Point is 7 miles S.W. of Pentecost River, and has a shoal extending off it to the distance of one-third of a mile. It is bold-to on the S.E. and E. Egg Island is 14 miles S.W. J W. from Great Caweo Island. It is low and narrow without trees, and three-quarters of a mile long in a N.N.E. i E. direction j off each end of the island a reef of rocks extends, forming a natural breakwater, 1^ mile long, the northern end of which is three-quarters of a mile off shore, and the southern end nearly a mile. Opposite the North end of tho island, the breadth of the channel is contracted by a shoal extending from tho main ; on the S.W. part of this narrow part is the best anchorage. The passage to this from the Sorr'lr and West is quite bold, and no directions are necessary; but if it be intended to r m through between the island and the main, stand in to the northward, to 8 or 9 fathoms, or until English Point is open half a point to the northward of the North Rocks; then steer for English Point, giving the inner side of the North Rocks a berth of a cable's length, until you have passed them a full quarter of a mile ; you may then haul out to sea, going nothing to tho southward of S.E. by E. to avoid the N.E. reef. The tides running between the island and the main are generally from half to one knot, and part of both the stream of ebb and flood passes through the narrow and dangerous 3-fathoms channel between the island and the North Rocks. Calumet river is 2J miles W. by S. from the S.W. end of Egg Island. There arc reefs to the S.W. of tho entrance for a mile, and extending (300 fathoms from tho shore. Caribou Point is 8i miles S.W. by S. from Egg Island, and affords shelter for the pilot-boats, which often look out for vessels here. TRINITY BAY is five miles further south-westward, and affords excellent anchorage. It is a very valuable stopping-place, in westerly winds, for vessels bound up the St. Lawrence, and at these times pilots are generally found waiting to take POINT 1)E MONTS. 3ti vomcIh upward i but in easterly winds they take shelter in St. Augustin Cuvc, 1} mil* westward of the cape. ^)n tho N.E. point of the bay oro two large rouks. Thi; southern rock lies nearly a quarter of a mile to tho southward of thu point. A river, which fulls into it, will supply fresh water. To anchor, oomo-to at half a milo to tho eastward of tho West point, on which stands a cross, in from U to 5 fathoms, and with tho point bearing W.S.W. or b.W. by W. Small vessels may anchor in 3 fathoms, at low water, just within tho reef, tho western point of the bay bearing S.W. At three-quarters of a milo S.W. from tha point on which tho oross is placed, is a lodge of rocks, dry at low water, and which should not be approdohcd nearer than to tho depth of 4 fathoms. The coast between Cape de Monts and this bay is indented with small sandy coves, and in the interval are three large rocks, always above water, which will be avoided by not approaching nearer than in 8 fathoms. POINT DE HONTS, and Lighthouse.— The lighthouse on Point da Monl$ is 6 miles to the south-woiitward of Trinity Bay. It is a mile and a quarter E.N.B. from the extremity of the cape, and bears S. 52^ W. from the outer part of Caribou Point, over which, and eastward of it, the light may be seen. Tho litffti toioer is of the usual form, nearly white, and 75 ft. high, and tho lantern is elevated at about 100 ft. above the level of tho sea, and exhibits a bright fixed light. During fogs and snow storms a gun will be fired every hour. Ziffhthoiue on Point de Monts, Went 1 mile. Ships from the eastward, npproaohiiig tho lighthouse, on drawing towards Caribou Point, may bring it to bear W. by S., when they will bo in a good f'air-wny, and may, if requisite, advance toward the land by the lead. But after passing Caribou Point, on drawing toward the lighthouse, they should come no nearer than in 12 fathoms ; for thus they will avoid two ledges of rocks, one of which lies E.S.E. from the li{>ht- house, with only 12 ft. over it ; the other lies S.W. from the lighthouse, and E.S.E. from the extremity of Cape do Monts, with 1(5 ft. over it. These rocks are not moro than half a mile from shore at low water. When a ship is to the westward o** Ihe Cape de Monts, tho lighthouse will appear in one with the outermost rocks of the same, and the cape will be in one, bearing E.N.E., nnd from this line of bearing vessels are in the best fair-way for proceeding up or «lown the river. You may, if it bo required, safely approach the North shore, until the lighthouse bears E. by N. j but when it bears E. \ N. it will bo time to tack. When bearing East it will bo shut in with tho high land, and cannot be seen to tho southward of East, at only a mile from the land. V.-THE SOUTH SHORE OF THE ENTRANCE TO THE RIVER, FROM CAPE ROSIER TO CAPE CHATTE. This coast is bold and high, quite clear from dangers, and affords no harbour, or scarcely any sheltfcr for vessels. The water is deep all along, and will not give any warning in approaching the coast by the lead; it must therefore be guarded ajj-ainst 6'. «Si- R. of St. Lawrence. i' 10 (•APR (MIATTF, during Toj^N, or in tlii« iiiirlit, morn roppriiill}' ni thr tlownwnril nurent oftlic river ni'ts over li> tlic Sinilli -iilr IVnm C\\u' ili' Munts. Tlu' land n'lK'tiilly v\m'h from tlio wiitor'n hIrc into round Iiigli liills nt tlic Imck, mill till' whole is rovrrril with trees. Cape Rosier iimlioiit 7 milen to tlie novflnvnrd of ('iii)o (l;iHpe. It is a iii^igrd, rocky i»(iint, nnd tlie nhon> to Ciipc (iimpe '\x very nteeit, with hi);h periinidiiiilnr cliH'-i. To the S.W. of Ciipe Koisier, iihoiit in|imrt(r of ii niih-, is ii line fiuidy l)!iy, with j(ood ttiM'horiiijf urouiid, ih'croiwiiiflf in depth from 1 I to 7 fiitliiniiM toward the heneh, ond hlieitered from S.W. to N.W. winds. Tiicrc nro povcfiU tiNhiiig ('sfiihli»ii- meiits on it mid in the vicinity. The Lighthouse <>n (.'upe KoMcr in 112 feet hi^h, huilt of white nfoiic, nnd sliows a hrilliiint ll.xtd liKJit oftlic lirst order i\t an elevation of i;itt ft., nnd in eonHniuenfly visible K! miles off. The light in shown fiom April Istto Deccnihor l')th. A fog- Unn is established here. Griffin Cove i» <>', miles W.N.W. from (!iipo Hosier. The North jxniit of its entniiiee is bliiH', nnd it hns several lionseH within it. It will atl'ord shelter to Hmall vessels with n West wind, but it is open to the North. Five iiiilen further is (/irat Fo.r l{iirr, off which u vessel might nnchor in line weather: it mny be known by the extent of the ncttlenunt on its banks, particularly on the couthern side. A large stono church has been lately erected. At >){ miles N.N.W. of (Srent Fox lUver is Sripcnt Hi'cf, the only danger on this const. It runs out one mile S.K. by K. from Serpent Point, its outer e.xtremo in ',i fathoms being two-thirds of a mile off shore. IJetweeii Serpent Ueef nnd Great Pond lUver is Fame Point, on which is placed a hvacon. Omit Pond Jlircr, or Aiisfl i/c I'F.Uitnj, Ki miles N. W.. J N. from Great Fox lliver, will afford shelter to shnllopsj it mny be known by a remnrkablo high, wooded, conical hill on the East side, nnd by n bi ach with a few huts on the West. The river issues from«everal Inkes, one of which is only half n mile through tho woods from tho fish stages. On Friijute Paint, which is 10 miles beyond Great Pond lUver, stands a hcdcon. In nil the coves hence to tho westward the ncnt houses of tho Canadian Hshermen will be seen. Magdalen River is a considerable stream, nnd in tho bay, nt the mouth of it, n vessel can nnchor in fine weather, and sometimes schooners warp into tho river itself. On Cape Magdalen, tho western side of the entrance, n heacon is placed. It is 21 miles from Great Pond, and 10 miles from Mont Louis Hirer, which is a much smaller .itrcam; the small bay, into which it falls, nffords anchorngc to vessels nearer the Fast thnn the West side. Between Mngdnlen lliver and Mont Louis lliver, lOJ miles from tho former, a beacon stands; there is another beacon 12| miles beyond Mont Louis lliver. Cape St. Anne is 26 miles further westward, in the rear of which are tho St. Anne or Shickshoe Mountains, the highest of which is 14 miles behind Capo Chattc, and is 3,970 ft. above the sea : it is tho highest land in British North America. St, Anne Hirer is G miles West of the enpe, nnd can be entered by small schooners at high water. On the coast, at 3 miles beyond it, a beacon stands. A few families are settled here, and also at Cape Chatte Hirer, who willingly render assistance to such as require it. CAPE CHATTE is a remarkable hummock, like a short sugar loaf on a point which is lower than the land about it. Its extremity is in latitude 40^ fi', and longitude GO'' id' 19 . At about 3 miles to tho S.E. of it is a small river of the same name. Tho land over Cape Chatto is very mountainous, and is much broken at the toj) ; hence it may be readily known, as there is no land presenting similar features in any other part of the river. 1 Tllli V 'I' till' river iif till' liiii'k, i>* n ni>,'g('(l, •i|> faihoins. The distance between the jioints of the two reefs is about 1 mile ; both are bold ; 10 fathoms being close to the eastern, niul 1 to the western reef. Small vessels may haul alongside tho rock, just within the entrance on the West side, in 10 ft. at low water. At about 100 yards within the cross above mentioned, a bar commences, which extends thence across the entrance, nnd has only 10 ft. over it at low ebbs. This jiart is only two ships' lijiiffths in breadth at low wafiT, but tho harbour widens inward to a large basin, where vessels can lie perfectly laiul-loeked in from 10 to 12 fathoms of water, good ground, and on the S.W. aide the water is deep close up to the rocks ; this place is, however, a bud outlet for ships bound to the westward, as nn easterly wind blows directly in, and the land around being mountainous, there is no getting in or out, in u square-rigged vessel, with canvas set. Those who proceed to the basin must keep their canvas set, and borrow close round the point on which the cross is erected; then shoot in as far as they can, and down with tho anchor. To warp in, keep tho western side on board. The bank to the southward of the eastern reef, and all along the shore, is very steep ; there is a depth of oO fathoms at about 500 yards from it. Near the reef, in 20 fathoms, cod-fish aro generally abundant. At. St. Nicolas' Harbour the tide flows, on tho full nnd change days, at 1'' oo'". Spring tides rise 12 ft, ; neaps, 7 ft. The flood, of spring tides, runs to tho west- ward about 2 miles an hour, and thus along shore up to the Saguenay River. EiKjlish Buy is 11} miles W.N.W. from Cape St. Nicolas. It affords no anchorage. On its western side is St. Gnu's Point, opposite tho north-eastern point of the Penin- sula of Manicougan, and which is the termination of the bold and rocky coast to tho eastward of it, while that to the West of it is low and wooded j and this circunistanco will enable a vessel to ascertain her position on the coast, whether to the East or West of this imrt, and of her approach to the dangerous jSIanicougan Shoals. MANICOUGAN BAY aud Shoals.— This dangerous bay is 1 1 miles W. by N. IVom I'oint St. Nicolas. The shore between is bold and rocky ; the land high, nnd the water deep. The fiood-tidc sets strongly into the bay, and the ebb strongly out. 32 OUTARDE BAY. The land forming the western point of the bay is much lower than any other near it, and may bo readily known by its yellowish sand and clay cliffs, with a fine beach, and very flat for more than 2 miles off. The Bnst end of the great shoal of Manicougan lies 11 J miles West from Point St. Nicolas. This end is of rocks, terminating in a spit, and dries at low water. The S.W. point of the bay, called Manicougan Point, is ITJ miles W. by S. from Point St. Nicolas, From Manicougan Point the land thence westward trends in a curve, 12 miles, to Outarde or Bustard Point, at the mouth of the Outarde River, and the great shoal borders the whole, to the distance of 2 J miles from shore. The tide of ebb ond flood sets along its edges, but is not perceptible at more than 6 or 6 miles off shore ; and on that part, off Manicougan Point, is a great ripple. On the shore, within the shoal, the tides ebb one mile from high water mark, and heavy breakers are seen on its edges, with high reefs of rocks. Outarde Bay is to the westward of the Land of Manicougan. It is terminated by Point Bersiamitea or Bersimis, which is sandy and covered with trees, and the whole is lined with extensive and dangerous shoals. Ships, in rounding Bersimis Point should advance no nearer to it than 2 miles, as the shoal surrounding it ia steep-to. Ships being up to Bersimis Point with the wind at "West, and flood>tide, may cross over thence to Father Point, and engage a pilot for the river. Should the wind be at S.W. by W., keep the North land on board until sure of fetching the point. In Outarde Bay the ebb-tide is slack, and the flood strong. Ships may always get ground in the bay, but should stand in no nearer than 2 miles from shore. The Manicougan, and Outarde or Bustard, are very large rivers, but unfortunately their navigation is much interrupted by falls at a short distance from the St. Lawrence. The water of the Outarde is entirely white, occasioned by large quan- tities of impalpable sand and clay being held in suspension ; and the vessel, in sailing through it, by displacing the superficial stratum of lighter and fresh water, full of these earthy particles, leaves in her wake a dark blue streak, which may be traced as far as the eye can reach. This sand and cia}' are the deposit of the rivers, which, in the course of ages, have formed the alluvial peninsula of Manicougan, and also the dangerous and extensive shoals of the same name. The River Bersimis is navigable for small vessels as fnr as 10 miles from the entrance, and it can be ascended to the falls, nearly 40 miles, but it would be difficult for a sailing vessel to reach as far. Jeremie Island ia 6 miles westward of Point Bersimis, the sandy coast extending between them. On the main, opposite the island, is a post of the Hudson's Bay Company, the houses of which may be seen very plainly from within the distance of 6 miles. Cupe Colomhier is 5 miles westward of Jeremie, and off it is the Oulnare Shoal, discovered by Captain Bayfield in 1830. It is a narrow ridge of granite rock, nearly 2 miles long, parallel to the shore, and having from 2 to 3 fathoms over it at low water. Baie de Laval is 8 miles westward of Cape Colombier. Laval Island is in the mouth of the bay, and all within it is dry at low water. Vessels may approach this bay to within 6 fntl f ms depth, but to the eastward, between Wild Fowl Beef and the Oulnare Shoal, the coast ought not to be kept closer than in 20 fathoms. Poe/i< JV(SM/is another settlement of the Hudson's Bay Company, the buildings of which are readily seen. It may be known by a range of remarkable clay cliffs, like chalk cliffs, between it and the Baie de Laval, the only land of this appearance in the river, and which, therefore, is a sure mark. Poitit Mille Vaches is 4 miles S.W. from Port Neuf ; it is low and sandy, and the shoals off it contract the navigable breadth of the river, between it and Bicquette, to Hi miles. The N.W. reef of Bicquette bears from the point S.S.E. \ E. 12} miles. To tlie AVest of it is thr Bnie de Mille Vaclm, which is Hlled with ishoals of sand THE SAGUENAY RIVER. 33 [her near it, jfine beach, Point St. Jrater. The fin Point St. curve, 12 Id the great Ttide of ebb 1 6 miles off the shore, ty breakers terminated |es, and the \g Bersirois nding it is 1-tide, may Should the itching the always get fortunately m the St. large quan- 1, in sailing ater.fuU of >e traced as I, which, in id also the i navigable ) ascended lel to reach extending Ison's Bay listance of are Shoal, nite rock, over it at is in the approach ^owl Beef loms. ildings of :liffs, like arance in , and the luette, to i miles. of sand and rock, the western parts of which are deep and dangerous. The bay extends to the Esquemin Isles, 12 miles 8.W. f W. from the point. The coast West of this is bold and free from danger, but has no shelter. The SAGUENAY RIVER enters the St. Lawrence between Lark Point on the West, and Point Vaches on the East, opposite Red Island, 23 miles westward of the Esquemin Isles. Tliis extraordinary river, which was imperfectly known till the late surveys, is as remarkable for the great volume of water which it brings down to the St. Lawrence, as for the enormous depth of its bed, which is fully 100 fathoms lower than that of the St. Lawrence. It comes from the Lake St. John, and at Chicoutimi, a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company, which is 65 miles above its mouth, it becomes navigable, and 6 miles above which, to the rapids, the tide ascends. To Point Roches 57 miles from the St. Lawrence, and 8 miles below Chicoutimi, it is navigable for the largest ships, and up to this part there is no danger in the river, the shores consisting of steep precipices, some of the headlands rising more than 1,000 feet in height. The current runs down with great force, the ebb-tide varying from 3 to 6 knots, according to the breadth of the river, which is from two-thirds of a mile to 2 miles. At the mouth of the river, this ebb-tide runs at the rate of 7 knots over Lark Islet Spit, and the S.W. extreme of Point Vaches. Tadousac, which is in the entrance of the river, was formerly the principal post of the French, for trading with the Indians. It has declined, and now belongs to the Hudson's Bay Company. The harbour is off the settlement, a mile within Point Vaches, and is well sheltered, but a heavy anchor should be cast close in shore, on account of the eddies which sometimes set into it from the river. Across the mouth of the river there is 18 to 20 fathoms, but immediately within, the depth increases to above 100. The current setting strongly over this bar, meeting with the spring ebbs of the St. Lawrence, cause breaking and whirling eddies and ripplings ; and these streams opposed to a heavy easterly gale, cause an exceedingly high, cross, and breaking sea, in which no boat could live. On the flood at such times there is no more sea than in other parts of the river. Off the entrance of the Saguenay are several dangerous patches, some of which are buoyed. Off Lark Point, which is formed of two clay cliffs, is Lark lakt, small and low, but marked by a beacon. It is joined to the land at low water. Opposite this point is Vaches Point, easily known by the high clay cliffs. To the N.W. of it is Rouge Point, on which is a white beacon. Off Vaches Point is a reef extending half a mile, and at If mile from it is Vaches Patch, on which is a black buoy, in 2^ fathoms. Prince Shoal. — A small rocky shoal, of some importance in a certain sense, which lies half a mile S.S.E. of the former patch, was discoveied in a singular manner. In the voyage of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to Canada, in H.M.S. Hero, she struck on it on August 18th, 1860, as it had been omitted in the Admiralty surveys. Such an accident might have been of most serious consequence. A published letter would lead the reader to infer that if the vessel had had an Admiralty chart she would have escaped, hut in neither of these instances was there the slightest indication of danger on these charts. The Prince Shoal is a small rocky patch, having 3 fathoms of water over it, and is in a S.S.E. direction half a mile from the 4-fathom patch already laid down in the Admiralty charts. Lark Point bears from it W. f N„ and the black buoy on Vaches patch N. by W. It is now marked by a chequered huoy. The western sides of Brandy Pots and White Islet in line, which clears the Lark Ilcef, leads on this shoal. Brandy Pots should therefore bo kept open to the south- ward of, or just touching White Islet, S.S.W. \ W., which will lead about half a mile to the eastward of the shoal. BUOYS. — The entrance of the Saguenay is buoyed as follows : — To the westward of tlie entrance, the white buoy on the outer er southernmost extreme of Lark M THE SOUTH SHORE. llccf is moovcd in 4 1 fathoms, with Hod Island lighthouse bearing E. i S., and the diamond beacon on the N.E. of Tadouaac Harbour in one with the beacon on Lark Islet. On the eastern side of the entrance, on Vachea patch, a black buoy lies in 2i fathoms, with the beacon on Hot Point just open to the westward of the beacon on Rouge Point, and Lark Point just open to the southward of the beacon on Lark Islet. On the Prince Shoal off the Bar Reef a chequered black and white buoy lies in 3 fathoms, with the N.W. Company's house at Tadousac just shut in behind Rouge Point. To enter the Saguenay, have the beginning of the flood, and sufficient daylight to reach Tadousac. Winds from the S.W. southward to N.E., will take vessels into the river with the flood, but the N.E. is most to be depended on ; but whether you approach from the S.W. or N.E., bring the western points of the Brandy Pots and White Island in one, and open to the southward of Hare Island, bearing S.S.W. i W. Run upon this mark (and it will lead you well clear of the Vaches Patch and Lark Reefs) until La Boule Point comes in one with Point Ilot, bearing N.W. by W. ^ W. which will clear the S.W. side of Point Vaches Reef; Point Ilot being the rather low N.W. point of the harbour of Tadousac, and La Boule, a high and round-backed hill, forming a steep headland, 4 miles above Tadousac, and the extreme point seen on the same side of the river. Haul in for the last-named leading mark, keeping the S.W. extreme of La Boule ji'st open, which will clear all dangers; and when as far in as Point Rouye, bear t iwavds the trading post, into the harbour, dropping your outer anchor in 16 fathoms, and the inner one close to, or within, low water mark. THE SOUTH SHORE BETWEEN CAPE t'HATTE AND GREEN ISLAND. Between Cnpc Chatte and Matane, in a distance of 1 1 leagues, the shore is all bold and bound with rocks. In proceeding up the river, after passing Cape Chatte, the first place of remark is Matane River, distinguished by a large square white house, and a long barn level on the top. This place may be known from within the distance of 3 miles, by its houses and a bluff" clifl', close to the entrance on the western side. Many pilots live here. The River of Matane admits small craft only. The chief settlements occupy both banks, and extend about one mile from its mouth. The two mountains, called tiie Paps of Matane, stand inland to the westward of Matane River, and form the mark for this part of the coast, although Captain Bayfield says they are difficult to make out. At 7 J leagues to the westward of Matane River, is the western point of Little Metis Bay, a spot surrounded by rocks, excepting the entrance, and in which small vessels may find shelter from westerly winds, in 3 fathoms at low water. The coast from Matane to Little Metis is entirely barren. Little Metis is situate on a long, low, flat, and rocky point, with several white houses, extending about a cable's length to the N.E. This is noticed as a guide to the anchorage at Grand Metis, which is 5 miles farther westw rd. On opening the bay (say close in shore), a square house will be first observed, near the water side; a mile farther, in the S.W. corner, up the bay, on the same view, will be seen the upper puit only of a house, which is the establishment of Grand Metis. A vessel may close in with Little Metis Point into G or 7 fathoms of water, and run for Grand Metis, by the lead, in from 5 to 8 fathoms. Should the vessel be turning up, on the North shore, or in mid-channel, 3Iount Cainillc, which will be seen, should be brought to bear S.W. by S., which will lead from sea to the baj'. Mount Camille is Q\ miles inland from the nearest siiorc. Its summit is 2,03G ft. above the level of the sea. CAPE CHATTE TO GUEEN ISLAND. m The cove of Grand Metis is nearly dry at low water. A small vessel may bring up here in li fathoms, with the wind from S.W., but with a West it affords no shelter. The points that form these coves are very low, and cannot be distinguished beyond tho distance of 2 leagues. Great Metis has a large rock in the middle of the cove, Little Metis has none j and the latter may be known from the former, by observing that a round bluff rock lies at its entrance, on the eastern side ; not fur from which, on the East, is a small hill on tho mountain, in the form of a sugar-loaf. The tide here, on the full and change, flows at ten minutes past two o'clock, and rises from 12 to 14 feet. With a ship of great draught it is advisable to lie in 6 fatlioms at low water, with the house at the East side of the River Metis open to the eastward of the islet in the bay, so that the river may be seen between them. The high land of Bic will then he Just clear of Cape Original ; some of the houses of Little Metis will be seen, and Mount Camille will bear S.S.W. ; in such a mooring tho swell is broken before it comes in, by tho shore. The ground, being clay, is excellent for anchorage; and, with one anchor to the eastward and another to the west'.vard, the vessel will ride iu perfect security. From hence, along the shore, will be observed, at great distances, the small white houses of the inhabitants, which are mostly occupied by pilots or fiscrmen, who have cultivated small patches of land around them. Occasionally, when, from a wet summer, the harvest of the westward has failed, these small farmers reap a benefit bj' the greater backwardness of their seasons. Between Great Metis and the next inlet, named Cock Cove, will be seen the high land of Mount Camille. The bearing and distance between the coves are W. by S. 3i leagues ; and, from Cock Cove to the projecting land of Father Point, W. | S., 4.J miles. Father Point bears from the West point of Grand Metis Bay W. by S. 14 1 miles It is low, covered with houses, and the regular lendezvous of the pilots, many of whom reside there. Light. — A light tower, of octagonal shape, and painted white, is erected on the extremity of Father Point. It exhibits, at 43 ft. above tho level of high water, a Jixed tvhite light, which in clear weather will be visible from a distance of 10 miles, when bearing between W. by S. J S., round South, and E. i N. It is lighted from 10th April to 10th December each year. Rimousky Road. — The eastern point of Barnaby Island is 3 miles W. by S. from Father Point, and between their is the anchorage or Road of Rimousky, where vessels ride throughout the summer to take in cargoes of lumber. They lie moored in 4 or 5 fathoms at low water, with excellent holding ground, and sheltered from W. by N., round by iSouth, to E.N.E. The best sheltered berth is with the eastern point of Barnaby Island bearing W. by N., Rimousky Church S.S.W. | W., and Father Point E.N.E., in 4 fathoms at low-water spring tides over mud bottom. Small vessels can anchor farther to the westward in 3 fathoms at low water, with the East end of the rocks, off the eastern point of Barnaby Island, bearing N.W. by W., and distant a quarter of a mile. " The reef does not extend above a quarter o! a mile off the eastern point of Barnaby Island, and may be passed by the lead in 4 fathoms. A landing- pier has recently been built at Rimousky 2,150 ft. long, and having at its end a depth of 8 1 ft. at low-water springs. Barnaby Island presents nothing remarkable. A reef extends from each end of it, under which small vessels maj' find shelter. Between the island and the main the bank is dry at low water, but there is a depth of 14 ft. over it at high water of spring- tides. With neap tides only 9 ft. At the little Eiver Ottey, 5 miles S.W. from Barnaby Island, fresh water may be obtained. At a distance of 3 miles to the westward of the Ottey, the coast forms the Harbour of Old Bic, which affords shelter to small vessels from westerly winds. Two round islets mark the eastern side of it, and it is 1 mile from them to the western side of > i I 36 BIC ISLAND, the harbour. The anchorage is midway between these and the West side, in 3 fathoms, the western point bearing West. Nearly 3 miles West from Bio Harbour, and at the same distance South from Bio Iblaiid, is Cape Ariynole. From this cape a reef extends 1 mile B. by N. The high land of Bic lies S.W. by S. 2 J miles from the N.W. extremity of the cape ; it is very remarkable when seen up or down the river, as it consists of high and narrow ridges, parallel with the coast, the summit being 1,234 ft. above the sea. BIC ISLANB is of moderate height, and covered with trees. This island is 3 miles in length from East to West, ond reefs extend from it to the East, West, and North. At three-quarters of a mile from the North side is the islet called Bicquette, 'which is also woody. Bicquette is quite bold on the North side, and there are 30 fathoms at a musket-shot from it ; but within the extent of a mile and a quarter to the West of it is a chain of reefs, which are dangerous. Between Bic and Bicquette there is a passage, but it is intricate. There are no marks for it, and it will be best understood from the chart. A Lighthouse has been erected on the West end of the island of Bicquette, and a revolvitiff light of the first class was shown for the first time on the 9th of August, 1844 ; the light is shown every night from sunset to sunrise, from the 1st April to the 15th December, in each year. The tower is 70 ft. high, and the light stands 130 ft. above the level of the sea, the N.W. reef bearing from it due West, IJ mile. This light will revolve at regulated intervals of two minutes. A ninc-pounder gun is placed near the lighthouse, and will be fired every hour during foggy weather and snow storms. The S.E. Beef extends 1 J mile E. by S. from the S.E. point of Bic Island, and the channels between the rocks and the island should not be attempted. The N.E. Beef, a small patch of black rocks, lies N.W. J W. above a mile from the former, and 400 fathoms N.E. by E. from the N.E. point of the island. The TFeit Orounds of Bic are an extensive flat of slate, which partly dries at low ■water, the outer point of which is three-quarters of a mile W. J S. from the West point of the island. The N.W. Seefot Bicquette, above alluded to, is the greatest danger, lying West 1^ mile from the West end of the island. The cross mark for it is the West end of Bic in one with the N.W. point of Ha-Ha Bay, bearing S.S.E. | E. ; but this last- named point can seldom be plainly made out, in consequence of the high land behind it. In approaching the reef from the westward, the North extremity of Cape Arignole should not be shut in behind the West point of Bic. This reef is composed of two rocks about 1^ cable long, and which just cover at high water s both it and Bicquette are bold to the northward. There is deep water all along the line from the North side of Bicquette to this reef, and also between the latter and the rocks to the S.E. of it, but these are dangerous passages, which ought not to be generally tried, though it is useful to know of their existence in cose of emergency. The Alcides Rock, on which the ship of that name struck in the year 17G0, has only 4 ft. over it, and bold-to. This rock lies at a mile and three-quarters from the shore, with the West end of the Isle Bic bearing N.E. 3| miles, and Capo Oiiginal E. i N. 4* miles. Ten fathoms of water lead to the northward of it. BAZade Isles.— At a mile and a half from shore, and 14* miles S.W. by W. | W. from the West end of Bic, lies the N.E. of two islets called tho Razadcs j these ai-e two large rocks always above water. They bear from each other nearly S.W. and N.E., one mile and a half distant. Ten fathoms of water lead to the northward of them. Basque Island, a small narrow isle, extending 1 mile and a quarter E.N.E. and W.S.W., bears W.S.W. 5 miles from the N.E. Razade, and S.W. by W. J W. 20 miles from the West end of Bic ; it appears round, is bluff, and covered with trees. There are no houses on it j extending to the N.W. from its West end is a ledge of rocks, dry at low water, and stcep-to. DESCRIPTION OF THE IIIVEB. ;n \n 3 fathoms, th from Bio ■of the cape ; V high and |he sea. island is 3 |> West, and Id Bicquette, Tiere are 30 I quarter to Bicquette eill he best lette, and a of August, 8t April to ight stands St, 1 j mile. every hour nd, and the le from the ries at low West point ying West i'^est end of this last- nd behind B Arignole t cover at 'ep water tween the es, which 'e in cose 17W, has from the O/iginal W.|\V. hese ai'p •W, and rthward .E. and 20 miles There f rocks, Apple Isle, a narrow barren islet, with rocks, lies at 3 miles W.S.W. \ W. from the West end of Basque, and 2| miles from shore. Between it and the land there is a passage. GREEN ISLAND.— This island, with the reefs that projuct from each end of it, is 2| leagues in extent from N.E. by E. to S.W, by W. Two families reside upon it. Lighthouse. — The most remarkable object on Green Island is a lighthouse which stands on its northern side, at about 1| mile from the N.E. end, and which shows a fixed light at GO ft. above the level of low-water mark. Behind the lighthouse, a quarter of a mile off to S.S.E., is a white beacon, which in one with it leads clear to East of the Red Island Reef. The bearing and distance of Basque Island fram the lighthouse are N.N.E. I E. 8| miles ; and from the lighthouse to the extremity of the S.W. reef of Green Island, S.W. by W. 5 J miles. There is no other danger on the North side of the island than a dangerous reef, which extends from the lighthouse 1; mile N.N.E. \ E. This ledge is a reef of rocks which are steep-to, and covered at high water of spring tides. The other part is steep-to and rocky. Green Island reef, which is extremely dangerous, runs out from the lighthouse N.N.E. i E. 1| miles, to the 3-fathoms line of soundings. From its N.E. extremity it trends, with a serrated outline, N.E., till it joins the shoal water connecting Green nnd Apple Islands. Its N.W. side is straight, running S.W. by 8. from its N.E. extremity, to the shore close to the westward of the lighthouse, off which it extends only two cables to the N.W. Its shape is therefore irregularly triangular, and the rocks on it dry at low water, nearly three-quarters of a mile out from the higU- water mark. There is excellent anchorage in westerly winds under Green Island Reef, and it is the general rendezvous of vessels waiting for the flood, to beat through between Green and Red Islands. But as the first of the flood comes from the northward, and sets on the shoals, vessels had better not anchor with the light bearing to the westward of S.W. J W., or in less than 7 fathoms at low water. With that depth, on that bearing, they will be 2| miles from the light, 1 mile from the eastern edge of the reef, and the same distance from the shoal water to the southward. If they wish still more room, they may choose their berth in 9, 10, or 11 fathoms, and will find a bottom of stiff mud in either depth. The ledge of Green Island, Basque Island, and the high land to the southward of Cape Original, in a line bear E.N.E. j E. To ships, on coming up and going down the river, the lighthouse appears like a ship, and very conspicuous. In the night the light may be distinctly seen at the distance of 5 leagues. The reef from the West end of Green Island dries to the distance of a mile from the island. The westernmost part is detucbed from the body of it, and the tide sets through the interval toward Cacona. This part is covered at a quarter flood. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE RIVER CONTINUED. RED ISLAND lies in the middle of the estuary, off the mouth of the Saguenay River, and bears N.W. by W. J W. nearly 5 J miles from the lighthouse on Green Island. It is a low, flat islet, of a reddish colour, without trees, and partially covered with grass. The reef, which extends 2 J miles to the N.E. of Red Islet, and is 1 J mile wide, is nearly dry in some part at low water; the eastern extremity of this reef bears nearly N.W. by N. from the lighthouse. The depth decreases gradually on its eastern end, but the islet is bold-to on the S.W. A red buoy is moored at its East end in 5i fathoms, and a red buoy in 2i fathoms also marks its S.W. end. The eastern end of the a. iSf R. of St. Lawrence. Q 'A/** 3S THE NOIITHEUN SHORE OF THE IIIVEU. It '' reef is (itiito cleaved by keopins; the lijjhthouso and beacon on Oreen Island in one, bearing; S.S.K. The Lighthouse stands on the S.W. point of Red Islet, i^ 51 ft. high, and ia painted red. It shows ajixeil re'l lii/ht at 'iH ft., visible 12 miles off. Lark Reef, on the North side of the river, lies opposite to the western point of Green Mimd, bearing N.W. 8 miles from it, contracting the navigotion of the river to this breadth. It is at the S.E, extremity of a shoal, extending from Lurk Point and J«/t<, the entrance of the Saguenay River, as before described, and which bear N. by W. 3 miles from it. Lurk patch, near the southern end of this reef, never covers, and outside it in 4i fathoms is a tchite buoy. The space between the point of the reef and tbo shore dries at low water, nearly out to the point; this can bo avoided, as well as those to tho N.E. of it, lying off the mouth of the river, by keeping the western sides of the Brandy Pots and White Island in one, and open to tho southward of Hare Island, being S.S.W. i W. •, but this mark is distant, and cannot always be seen, but the buoy will mark its limit. THE NORTHERN SHORE of the river, from the Saguenay to Coudrea Island, is bold and mountainous. The granitic hills in most part rise immediately from the river, forming steep precipitous headlands. Near the entrance of the Saguenay these hills are not above 1000 ft. high, but those of the Ebouleraens attain an elevation of 2,517 ft. above the tide-waters of the river. Cape Basque is tne first mountainous headland S.W. of tho Saguenay, bearing S.W. i S. ()i miles from Lark Point; and about Ij mile northward of it is the Ecluifdud du Basque, a small rocky islet in the mouth of a cove, and bearing 4.^ miles \V. by S. from tho S.E. extreme of Lark Reef, the shoal of which extends as far as this place. Basque Road is a well-sheltered anchorage lying ofiT this, the best position being with the Echafaud bearing W.N.W. rather less than a mile distant, in 10 or 11 fathoms over clay bottom. Bay o/Rocks is about 2^ miles south-westward from Cape Basque, and affords shelter only to boats. Cape Boys, 5§ miles S.W. of Cape Basque, is quite bold and high ; and similar to it is Cape Salmon, which is S.W. 9| miles distant from it. Further to the westward, about 1^ mile, is Port Sahnon, which, like Port Parsley and Shvttle Port, to the eastward, are only boat harbours. The settlements are nearly continuous on the banks from hence to Quebec. Cape Eagle is H miles S.W. by W. 'i W. from Cape Salmon, and is of the same character. Murray Bay is 6i miles W. by S. from Cape Eagle. It is a beautiful place. The bay is Ij mile wide, and nearly as deep, and a rapid unnavigable river falls into the head of it, on which are several grist and saw mills. The bay is nearly all dry at low water, except the shallow channels leading to tho river. Vessels occasionally anchor off the bay, with Point Gaze, at its East point, bearing W. bv N. about 400 fathoms, Point Pies, its West point, S.W. ^ W., and Point Heu, E.N.E. 1 E. The river at this part, between the Saguenay and Cape Eagle, is divided into two channels, by tho Red Liland and bank above described, and the shoals and reefs extending in a line along tho middle of the river, at each end of Hare Island, in a N.E, and S.W. direction. THE NORTH CHANNEL, though not that which is generally used, is clear, deep, and broad, and might bo used advantageously under proper circumstances, as in the case of scant and strong N.W winds; but with easterly winds and thick weather, or at night, it must not be attempted, as there would bo no leading marks, and the depth ia too great and irregular to afford any guidance, besides the want of shelter or anchorage on the North shore. White Island, on Hare Island North Reef, is covered with trees, and bears from Red Island S.W. \ W. nearly 10 miles, and from the N.E. end of Hare Island N.i'^. -, N. 1; mile. A shoal of rocks extends from Whito Island N.E. i E. 3 miles, and dries i" th lied Islii"' HARE huU from one mile inhabitan BRAN N.E- end The nortl and the almost ba a. brick tc niay be Brandy by a cha and the dry at lo leads cle To th( of hard j in bread Hare directioT the isla anehora South 01 IlAllE ISLAND. 39 Mid in one, ffe'h, and is [ni point of Iho river to Point and bh bear N. Iver covers, |oint of tho ivoidc'd, as ccpinf,' the laouthward I always be res Island, ■ fioni tho enay these cvtttion of bearing f it is the S 'fi miles s as far as ion being 10 or 11 nd affords bold and t from it. 'i Parstey ire nearly the same "ul place, iver falls is nearly Vessels ring "VV. 'nt Heu, nto two id reefs id, in a s clear, ices, as 1 thick marks, 'ant of 8 front 1 NJi. Si and (Inis <" tlio greatest part of that distance. Uetwccn the N.K. end of thin shoal and JU'd Island, (JJ miles distant, the channel is quite fice from danger. HARE ISLAND.— Tho East end of this inland lies S.W. i S. a mile and a half from AVhite Island; thence it extends 7; miles to the S.W., oi.'' in no part one mile in breadth. It is 250 or 300 feet high, thickly wooded, und has no inhabitants. BBANDY POTS and Lighthouse.— At S. by W. 1 mile and a half from the N.E. end of Hare Island, lie the three islets called the Brandy Pots and Noggin. The northern Brandy Pot, high and covered with trees, is close to the southern one, and the bottom between it is dry at low water. The southern is a whitish rock, almost barren. The lujlithouse stands 84 yards from the S.E. end of the islet. It is a brick tower, 39 ft. high, showing a bright fixed liglit at an elevation of 78 ft., and may be seen 10 miles off. The Nmjyin, which lies to the N.E. of the northern Brandy Pot, is likewise covered with trees. At low water these islets are connected by a chain of rocks, leaving a passage for a boat only. Halfway between the Noggin and the N.E. extremity of Hare Island, at half a mile from shore, there is also a reef, dry at low water ; but all these are out of the fairway. The depth of 7 fathoms loads clear of them. To the south-westward of the Brandy Pots the South side of Hare Island has a flat of hard ground extending from it, 3 miles in length, and about one-quarter of a milo in breodth. The whole of this side of the island is bound with rocks. Hare Island Bank. — This is an extensive shoal lying above, and nearly in the direction of Hare Island. It commences at about a mile S.E. from the S.W. end of the island, and extends thence S.W. by \V. and S.W. 9 miles. There is good iinchoragc on its South side, in 7 fathoms. On its northern bide is Hare Island ISouth Reef, the greatest portion of which is uncovered at low water, to an extent of '2 J miles; the part always uncovered is clothed with gi'ass and spruce brushes, lying 25 miles to the S.W. of Iliirc Island. The western extremity of this reef bears from that of Pilgrims N.W. by N. 3^ miles ; and the eastern end is nearly Nortti 4 J miles from the same. Off the East end of the bank, about a quarter of a mile distant, is a small rocky 2-fathom knoll, on which White Island will be just shut in behind the South side of Hare Island. A red buoy is moored near it in 3 fathoms. At two- thirds of a mile from the East end of the bank is a 3-fathom shoal, on which White Island will be midway between the Brandy Pots and Hare Island. Between Hare Island bank and the S.W. end of Hare Island there is an unfre- quented channel half a mile wide, and with fiom i^i to 4 fathoms water in it. To the S.W. the Hare Island bank extends 6 miles from the reef of the same name, and its S.W. end will be cleared in 3 fathoms, bj* keeping Kamourasca church just open to the westward of Grande Island, bearing S. by W. 5 W. A red buoy, in 4 fathoms, is placed on it, with the North sides of Hare Island and Ueef in one ; and two beacons in one on tho East end of Grande Island, Kamoursca. One of these beacons is red, the other white, rnd they bear when in one S. \ E. The SOUTH CHANNEL, between these banks and the South shore of the river, is justly preferred for the common purposes of navigation. The tides are not so strong, nor the water so inconveniently deep, as in the channel on the North side of tho river. It has good anchorage in every part, and a sufficient depth for any ships. The breadth of the channel, in its most contracted part, between Hare Island Bank and the Pilgrims, is 2 miles, and its greatest depths 7,8, 10, to 13, 15, and 16 fathoms, mud, sand, and gravel. Barrett Ledges. — The reef thus called is composed principally of two detached rocks. A chequered black and ichite buoy is moored in 6 fathoms on the North side of the West ledge, with tho white diamond beacon on Hare Island in ono with tho East extreme of the Brandy Pots, and the summit of the southernmost mountain of the high land of Kamourasca in one with the South point of the Great Pilgrim Island. The rocks of Barrett Ledges bear from each other N. 63' E. and S. 63" W. on*- ,.\ rt-i-y «JC>- ' i:::--i :> i ) '•♦. 40 KAMOUUASCA, J- I HI qunitcr of a mile. The N.E. rock has 10 ft. OTcrit) the S.W. has 12, Between them is a dopth of 7 and 8 fathoms. At a mile S.W. from the S.W. aide of Barrett Ledges, lies a sthall bank of 10 ft., called the Middle Shoal, with the Brandy Pots bearing N.W. | W., distant a mile and a half. A while buoy is moored on it in 10 ft. water, with the sqaare white beacon on Hare ilsland open West of the Brondy Pots, and the summit of Eboulemens Mountain in one with the S.W. end of Iloro Island. Near it on the N.E. ore from 6 to 8 futhoms of watsr. This shoal appears to be the extremity of the remains of a narrow Middle Bank, extending thence 2 leagues S.W. by W., and upon which there arc still from 4 to .'3^ and ii fathoms, on approaching to the Hare Island Bank. In the channel between the Middle Shoal and Brandy Pots are from 10 to 16 fathoms of water ; but in that to the southward the general depths are 7 and 8 to 5 and 4 fathoms. Cacona. — On the South Shore of the river, the first point westward of Green Island, is the remarkable rocky peninsula of Cacona, 300 or 400 ft. high, lying S.S.W. from the S.W. end of Green Island. At a mile and a half south-westward of Cacona, nnd just to the northward of the stream of it, are the Percee Hocks, two clusters, occupying the extent of a mile and a half. They lie at about 1 mile from, and parallel with, the main, and are nearly covered at high water. On the South side of them tiiere is a narrow 8i-fathom channel ; the depth of 10 fathoms leads clear on the North ; and Green Island and Cacona just touching, and bearing N.E. f Jl., will keep 3 fathoms depth on their North side. The PILGRIMS, — Five islets, called the Pilgrims, He at the distance of 14 miles above the peninsula of Cacotm, at a mile and a half from the shore. They occupy on extent of 4^ miles N.E, by E. and S.W. by W., and are bused upon the Bancdu Loup (or Wolf Bank), extending from shore above the river of the same name, nnd on the exterior part of which the depths arc 2j and 3 fathoms. They are connected by reefs that dry at low wntcr. The (.asterninost is the highest, and is covered with trees ; the others are barren, and of a whitish colour. They are bold-to on the North side, but tliere is no passage for shipping between them and the shore. From tiie N.R. or Great Pilgrim the Br.indy Pots bear N.N.K. 7| miles, and the S.W. end of Hare Island N.W. by N. 4i miles. Hereabout the ebb runs downward nt about 2? miles an hour. The Lighthouse stands on the centre of the Long nigrim, and is a brick tower 3'J ft. high. It shows a bright fixed light at 180 ft., seen 12 or 14 miles oflT, Without the edge of the Banc du Loup is a sand-bank, called the Pilgrim Skoal. It is narrow, but 4 miles in length, and its general depths 13 and 14 ft. at low water. A black buoy lies on its N.W. extreme in 4i fathoms. A depth of 7 nnd 8 fathoms clears it on the North side. EAMOUBASCA ISLES and Lighthouse.— This is a group of narrow islets, lying at the distance of 2 leagues above the Pilgrims, on the same side of the river. The N.E. or Grande Isle bears from the Pilgrims S.W. by W. The bank between is steepto. The liyhthotise, a wooden tower, stands near the N.E. end of the island, and shows a fixed light at 166 ft., seen 10 or 12 miles off. The island next to the Great Island is Burnt Island, and the third of the larger isles is Crow Island. These isles are about 3 miles in extent, and one or two from shore ; the jank within is dry at low water. Grand Island and Burnt Island are very steep on the North side, but Crow Island is surrounded with shoal water. Ou the East end of Grande Isle are thfi two beacons before alluded to. The settlement of Kamourasca is within the islands above described. Its church bears S.E. nearly a mile from Crow Island. From the latter, Cape Diuble bears S.W. I W. about 3 miles, but a long reef extends from the cope toward the island, the easternmost part of which is covered at a quarter flood, and is little more than a mile from Crow Island. Two miles above CapeDiable is Point St. Denis, and a small cove on the South of this point. From Point St. Denis to Point Quelle the land trends irregularly 6 miles to tiie S.W. On the extremity of a shiillow bay, at 6 miles westward from St. Anne's, stand X^ ISLE AUX COUDIIE8-80UT1I TKAVEIISE. 41 Between »f 10 ft., mile and Ite beacon poulomens lore from »nins of a iich there Jank. In |S fathoma lo a and 4 I of Oreon (g s.s.w. f f Cacona, clusters, Irom, and Ith side of par on the I will keep H miles 'ccupy nn (hi Loup bd on the hj' reefs ith trees j orth side, and the ovvnward ck tow er '» f'hoal. V water, fathoms 7 islets, B river. 'Veen is nd,and ' Great Be isles drj at e, but ire thfi hurch S.W, sland, more ', Oild ? the tan (I the village and church of St. Uoque. The country between is occupied with settle- ments, and an extensive mud-bank, with large scattered stones, uncovered at low water, extends in front of it. This mud-bank is included with the greater bank of sand called the Shoals of St. Anne and of Si. JRoqiio, extending more than a third over the river, from the southern shore, and limiting the channel on the South side. The St. Anne buoy is black, and moored on the north-western edge of these shoals in 2 J fathoms, with St. Anne church bearing S.E. J S., and Capo Diable open to the northward of St. Denis Point. All along the edge of the bank, from Kamourasca up to this buoy, there is excellent anchorage in from 7 to 10 fathoms, stiff mud bottom. Opposite to Point Quelle, on the North side of the river, is Cape aux Oies, or Oooge Cape, which is bold and rocky*, forming the western extremity of Mai Bay, Point an Pies, on the West of Murray Bay, 9J miles N.E. } N. from Goose Capo, being the eastern extremity. Mai Bay is formed by a slight incurving of the coast ; shoals extend a quarter of a mile offshore, and there is no good anchorage in it. Coj)e Martin is 3 miles W. by S. from Cape aux Oies ; between them is good an- chorage, and about midway is a large stone, called Orosae Rock. Vessels anchor in 7 fathoms, the Grosse Rock bearing N.W., being here sheltered from the tides, which run past Goose Capo with great rapidity, and occasion at times a strong rippling. ISLE AUX GOUDRES is opposite to Point St. Roque on the South shore ; and at this part the navigation of the river upward becomes intricate, from the numerous banks and islands which form the Traverses and numerous other channels. The island is 6 miles long and 2| wide ; its eastern end is 2\ miles S.W. from Capo Martin. The island, being cultivated, has a pleasing aspect ; it has as many inhabi- tants as it can support, having been settled at an early period. Its South shore is lined with rocks and shoals, extending a mile out from it. Its North side is bold, and Prairie Bay affords excellent anchorage. There is a reef of rocks running off the N. W. of the island, which are all covered at high water. The bearings from the end of the ledge are St. Pierre Church in St. Paul's Bay just open, bearing N.W. ^ N. ; Cape Corbean, the East bluff of St. Paul's Bay, N.N.W. i W. ; the waterfall on tho North shore, N.N.E. J E. j the bluff point of the island, S.S.E. j and the N.E. bluff point of the same, off which is a reef of rocks, E. | N. The North Channel to Quebec is on the North of Isle aux Coudres, and runu along the high northern shore of the river ; and on the South side of it is the lino of shoals, which extend from the West side of Isle aux Coudres to Burnt Cape Ledge and the Bayfield Isles. Tho Middle Channel is to the Soutli of the Isle aux Coudres, the entrance be- ing between it and the Middle Ground, whence it runs westward along tho shoals between it and the Seal Islands, and to the North of Goose and Canoe Islands, into the South Traverse. The South Traverse, that which is generally used by vessels at present, is along the South side of the river. SOUTH TRAVERSE.— 7V*e entrance of the South Traverse lies between the black buoy, on the edge of St. Anne's Bank, on one side, and the bank called tho Middle Ground on the other. The narrowest part of the channel is indicated by a lightvesscl, stotioned at nearly 6 miles W.S.W. from the black buoy of St. Anne's and which is to be left, on sailing upward, on the port or South side. The Light Vessel is moored in about 3i fathoms woter on the N.E. point of the Shoals of St. Koque, nearly in the line from St. Roque Church to the N.E. end of Coudres Island; the former bearing S.S.E., 4^ miles, and the latter being distant 4| miles. It exhibits ivio fixed white lights, which, in clear weather, should be seen from a distance of 9 miles. The beacon at St. Roque, open its own breadth to the westward of St. Rnque Church, forms a cross mark for insuring the position of this lightvessul, the beacon being to the southward of the church. A bell is struck every five minutes on board the lightvesscl iu snow storms iind foggy weather. Should ■jr 6/ '^ ■^»:., It^ V '. \fj 48 GOOSK Ifii.ANI). the vessel run adrift, (his bell ut her nuiHt-hcad will be takrn down, nnd she will only hIiow niie Uifhi till nj,'ixin in jioHition. Three hUick hw>i/H nro placed on tlie northern edge of the ShoaU of St. lloqiio, ninking the Honthern etlj^e of the South TruverHe. They nro moored in 2(, !JJ, and '] fathoms water, nnd at the distance of nearly 1, -i, and 4* miles respectively above the light vessel — the last buoy being on the S.W. point of the Shoals of St. Jloijue. The opposite or northern side of the Narrows is shown by tlic two red huoys, moored in 2J and I} fathoms water on the southern side and S.VV. end of the Middle Ground. It moy, however, bo useful to add here, that the red buoy on tho S.W. end of tho Middle Ground lies on the line of tho Wood I'illar Island and Goose Island touching, and with tho two beacons at St. Koquo in one ; tho south-eastern* most beacon being diamond-shaped. Tho jittssoge between these buoys is only half a mile broad, nnd this ia tho most intiicote part of the navigation in tho river. Tho courses up from these buoys, arc S.W. I 8. 4 miles, and S.W. by S. 2 miles, whence you enter tho South Traverse, distinguished on tho North side by the Stone Pillar, or Pilier de Pierre, and its lighthouse. It is a quarter of a mile in leigth, at 2] miles from tho South shore. Lighthouse. — A revolving liyht is shown from the tower, 38 feet high, on South or Stone I'illar, during the season of navigation. This light revolves at intervals of 1 J minute, at 68 ft. above high water, seen 12 miles off. About 2§ miles north-westward of the Stone Pillar is a 3-fathom shoal, called tho Channel Patch, marked by achepuerod black and white buoy, lying in tho mid-ehannci, and below it arc several other patches, with from 2] ..o 3 fathoms. The marks for the Channel Patch, which may bo passed on either side, are the North sides of tho Goose Island Reef and of the Stone Pillar in one, bearing S.W. J W., the latter being distant 23 miles; tho North side of Goose Island (including the islands close off it) nnd the South sidi of the Wood Pillar in one, bearing S.W. by W. J W. ; and lastly St. Jean Church S.E. J S. 2J miles. Tho Ariynon or South Mock, a half-tide rock, round on the top, nnd dry nt three- quarters ebb, lies at the distance of 2 cables' lengths S.E. from the lighthouse on the South Pillar, with a depth of 7 fathoms close to it. The Wood Pillar, or Pilier Boise, a high round rock, with trees on the western part of it, lies at a mile and a quarter to the West of the Stone Pillar. At half a uiilo to the East of it is a rock, called the Middle Rock, dry nt half-ebb. To the northward of the Piliers or Pillars are tli? Seal liee/s, composed of sand nnd shingle on slate, and having nn extent of nearly four miles N.E. by E. and S.W. by W. To a considerable extent tho rocks which form these reefs are dry at low water. The bank on which they lie is extensive on the N.li. toward Coudro Island. At a mile and a quaiter S.W. from the Pilior Boise lies the cxtromity of a reef, extending thence to Goose Island ; and at a mile and a quarter S.W. J W. from tho Stone Pillar is the commencement of a ledge of high rocks, called the Goose Island Reef, extending thence 2 J miles S.W. ^ W., the western part of which is composed of rocks always above water, and steep-to on their South side. GOOSE ISLAND. — We have now advanced to Goose Island, connected by low meadow land to Crane Island, the whole of which otcupics an extent of 10 miles in a direction N.E. J E. and S.W. ^ W. The South Traverse continues on the South side of this island ; but is impeded by several shoals of 12 and 15 ft. water, which requires great precaution. A farm-house may bo seen on Goose Island, to the eastward of which, and close to low water mark, ia a large rock called the Hospital Rock. Two miles and a half to the westward of this rock is a long reef, dry at low water, but it is out of the fair- way, and close along the island. The North side of Crane Island is in a good state of cultivation. On drawing toward it you will sec a farm-house (Macpherson's) on tho East end. To the S.E.nt half a mile from this house, is the c('gc of the Hcaujcu b'uiik, a narrow shoal which iv^. »4- s IJAYFIKM) ISI.KH. <§ oxtcndH 2 miles thciicc to N.R. > K., and Imvinif, on its shoalost pnrt, only 12 ft. at low wutcr. JJwii/H.—Tho fli-Kt white buoy U on tlio eastern end of the 2J-fiithoms jjatch, next eastward of the Heaujuu IJiuik, in ;j fiitli')m.s at low water, with tlio South hide of Crane Island bcnrinK S.W. by \V. \ \V., und the beacon on the nieadowM of Goobo Island in one with the centre of Onion Island. The second tchiU bmy is on tho western end of tho Ueaiijeu Hank, in A fathoms, with tho lightliouso on tho Stono rilhir appearing open two or three saiU' breadth to tho southward of Oooso Island Keef, and tho two white beacons on Crano Island in one. Crane Island Lighthouse stands on the South coast at l^ milu from tho Weit end of tho island, and sliows (i fi^vd liijht at 41 ft., seen 10 miles off. The buoys and light are of the greatest assistance to vessels passing to the south- Nvardoftho licaujeu Dank, whilst the channel to the northward of the t)ank is be- tween them and two (w/ iM«)/», whieh are placed as follows: — Tho easternmost red buoy, in 4 fathoms water, is moored on tho edge of tho Goose Island Shoal, w ith Onion Island seen over the meadows, bearing N.W., und the South side of Island S W. J W. The eastern entraneo of tlio channel to the northward of tho Beaujeu Bank, be- tween this buoy and tho easternmost white buoy, is half a niilo wide, with 9 or 10 fathoms water in it, but tho depth decreases to 4 J fathoms in tho western entrance, which is only about 2 cables wide, from tho depth of u fathoms to 3 fathoms. A fcccond red buoy on tho shool, which extends 'A cables out from the high-water mark of Crane Island, marks the northern side of this narrow entrance, which is between it and the white buoy on the western end of tho Ueaujeu Bank. Tho marks for this second red buoy are, St. Ignace Church touching the eastern side of the peninsula of Cape St. Ignace, and Macphersi.'.i House bearing N. ^ E. On tho South shore, opposite to the N.E. end of Goose Island, arc tho settlement and church of L' Islet, with a landing pier, 1,200 ft. long, and 8^ ft. water at its head, and at 7 miles higher arc the cape and village of St. Ignace ; between are numerous settlements, and a shoal bank extends along shore, which is a mile and a half in breadth, thus narrowing the channel-way to tho breadth of a mile. BAYFIELD ISLES.— To the West of Crane Island is a group which may, with strict propriety, be called tho Bayfield Ides, in compliment to the gentleman by whom they have been so excellently surveyed. Exclusive of a number of smaller islets and rocks, the principal isles are, Canoe Isle, on the North side of Crane Island, Maryuerite or Margaret to the Weat, Grosse Isle, and He aux Reaux, otherwise Rat Island, and the Isle Madame. The whole, between Crane Island and the Island of Orleans, occupies an extent of 14 miles. There are several passages between tho isles, but they are too intricate to bo understood without reference to the chart. From tho West end of Crane Island a reef of rocks extends to the W.S.W. about half a mile, and a spit of sand, ot 9 to 12 ft. water, a mile and a quarter thence, in the same direction. From the S.W. side of Margaret Isle there is likewise a bank extending in a S.W. direction, the extremity of which is marked by a red buoy. On the North side of this island is a good roadstead, with 8 fathoms of water, lying about a mile to the East of Grosse Isle. You enter from tho southward with tho red buoy above mentioned on tho starboard, and a white buoy, three quarters of a mile further North, on the port side ; the course in being N. by E. For the guidance of the numerous vessels which stop there, a red buoy hos been l)laced on tho S.W. end of Margaret's Tail, as mentioned above, and a white buoy on tho N.E. end of Grosse Patch ; but in the absence of tho buoys, tho East points of Grosse Island and the Brothers in one, bearing N. by E., will lead through the channel between them ; whence a vessel may either haul to the eastward between Grosse and Cliff Islands, or to tho westward between Grosse Patch and Grosse Island, as may be preferred. In the latter case care must be taken to avoid a small rock, with 7 ft. least water, on the North side of which a chequered buoy has been placed; This rock lies about 5«0 yards N.W. by W. from the white buoy, at tho N.E. end of Grosse Patch ; and" about ;5tJ0 yards off the shore of Grosse Island at high water. ^'•f* 44 TIIR MIDPLF, AND NOUTII CHANNRLS. I \ OrOlM I«le, which ImH a farm near its N.H. end, in about 150 ft. in Iwight i and tho next islo, Itmiiij; which is lonfi;, narrow, iow.nnd coverod with trocii, liusonc near its West end Off this inhuul, as the law now Htands, iihips oro ohliKcd to anchor) from whence, after cxoraination, they arc allowed to proceed to Quebec, if not de- tained at the (|uaruntine anchoraj^c. It ban a larj^o landin^j pier which reoehes into 1(» ft. water. The hie Madame is also low, covered with trees, and has only one ha- bitation. The last two isles arc wholly on a base of rock, and from the S. W. end of Madame tho bunk extends 2 J miles to tho S.W., and thus forms tho western entrance of tho Xorthevn Traverni), on the eastern side of tho island of Orleans. A red buoy u placed on the West end of tho reef in fij fathoms, with 8t. Vallier Church 8. \ K., and a house on tho West end of lieaux /«/(«>»J juit open North of tho tamo island. A ship should not approach it nearer than in 7 or 8 fathoms. On tho SouTHKiiN Land, obove tho Heaujou Hank, will bo seen, in succession, tho churches of St. I((naro, St. Thomas, Ucrthier, St. Vallier, St. Michael, and Ueuumont- A hir({o tract, in tho vicinity of the Hiviero du Sud, is in so high a state of improve- ment, as to be considered as tho granary of tho province. The western side of this river is di'itini^uished by the renpoctable villatyo of St. ThonuiH, and the country about it is very fine, exhibiting ehurehes and villages ; tho houses, being generally whitened, are pleasingly contrasted by tho dark thick woof^ on the rising grounds behind them, the boundary of view beyond which is a distant range of lofty mountains. From tho land of St. Thomas a bank extends moro than half-way over toward Crono Island. Its northern extremity is a mile and a half S.W. by W. from tho South point of the island. The bank is partly dry at low water. The Wyk Hock lies immediately above the bank of St. Thomas. This reef is about one quarter of a mile in length, in the direction of S.W. by W. It has only 3 ft. over its West end, and (5 ft. over the East end. The West end lies with the Seminaire of St. Joachim, a large building, with a tinned cupola and cross, on a rising ground near the water ; on the North side of tho river, just shut in with the East end of Ileaux Island, and bearing N. 50' W. Its distance from the nearest shore is rather more than half a mile. Lighthouae. — On the Suuth Shore, at 6 J miles above tho Wye Rock, and W.N.W. from Berthier Church, lie the lieUe Chaase Inlets, two remarkable large rocks. They • are situate three-quarters of a mile from the shore. Tho lighthouse stands on the E. end of Belle Chasse Island, showing ajixed light at 70 ft., visible 12 miles off. St. Vallieu Church beais from that of St. Jean, or St. John, on tho island of Orleans. S.E., distant about 3 miles. The ground, all the way up from St. Vallier Point to Quebec, is foul and unfit for anchoring. The Beaumont Reef, opposite to the Point of St. Laurent on the island of Orleons, is a large rooky bank, extending moro than half-way over from the South shore. It is dry at low water, uneven, and steep-to on the North side, having 14 fathoms close to it. The MIDDLE CHANNEL lies between the shoals and islands which form the northern side of the South Channel, and the long lino of shoals and reefs, which extend fiom Coudres Island to Reaux Island, at the East end of the island of Orleans. The entrance of the Middle Traverse, to tho North of the Seal Islands, has not more than 3 fathoms at low water ; but having passed this shallow part, there is depth and room enough for the largest ships, until we arrive at the Bayfield Islands, where the Middle Traverse communicates with the South Traverse by various narrow passages between the islands. There is plenty of water at all times in most of these passages, which will be best understood by referring to the chart, but the tides set strongly through them ; and though it would bo possible to take even tho largest ships up to Quebec by the Middle Channel, were it requisite from any cause to do BO, yet they are too intricate and difficult for general navigation. The NORTH CHANNEL is a fine channel, and although not so convenient for the put poses of navigation as the South Channel, which is well lighted, and is tho most generally used, still it may be of service at times, as it frequently remains open c THK NOimi {'HANNKL. 1.^ and J near fhnr ; do- into Im- Nof fanco P *'•• Paiid. I. tho lont' rovc- this in try jrillly lunds (lofty vard the or free from ifp, nomc titno oftcr the South Channel bccomox unnavijfublo in the full of tho year. Tho wcMtcrn ontranco to thiit chunnt'i i» hetweoii the rcofn, which oxt< nd a mih' to tho K.N.K, of the N.K. ofCoudrei Itiiand nnd tho const ut Let HfxiuUintmi (lund- itlipii), whore there in a largo lettlerocnt. The mark to olenr the KhouN, on ouch »ido thJK part of the channel, \» Capo Oooiie and Cape Martin in one. There it a liinding pier at 1.08 KboulcnienH, 0!2() ft. long, ond another in Malbaio, renehing into IS ft. water. 8t. I'ai-'L'h IJay \h oppoiiito the West ond of Coudren Island. It i* xhoal and rocky, with a groat lipplo at «ome diHtaneo off, around Capo Corbeau. Ita western point in called Cap ile la Jiuie, and Hhoals of mud and large htonen extend off it for three-quarters of a mile, and which also extend for 11} mile« to the Houth-weittward at an'equal diNtauce. After clearing tho N.W. reef of CoudrcH Inland by tho boforo-montioncd marks, there is a fine straight channel from 1{ to 2) miloM broad, entirely free from danger, and extending 18 or D) miles to the Burnt Capo J.edgo. The depth does not exceed 17 fathoms, and there in good anchorage towards the sides, out of the strength of tho tides, which run stronger and with more sea in this long and open reach than in tho South Channel. The southern side of this channel is a bank, oxtotuling, as before mentioned, from Coudres Island to Burnt Cape Ledge. Its edge is nearly straight, and is easily followed. The Xvptune llnck is nearly lo nulos S.W. from Coudres Island, within tho edge of this southern shoal, and is easily recognised. The yufth Shore is high, but the shoals extending three-quarters of a mile fron. Cap do la Bale and I'otit lliviere will be cleared by keeping tlio o.xtreino western capes, Rouge and Gribanno, open to tho southward of Cape Maillard, which is A miles S.W. of the Church of Petit Kivi(5re. Ahutli» is a landing, 1 J mile S.W. of Cape Maillard ; and at the ISault uu Cochon, 2 miles further S.W., tho shoals which lino tho shore cease. At 8 miles beyond Abattis Cove a light is shown on Capo Jlouge. Tho arc illuminated is East southward to S.W. I'osition 17' "' 20 X., 70" 42' 4ij W. There is only one landing jjlace, La (Irihiinno, between Abattis nnd Cope Tourmenfe, u distance ol 11 miles. To tiie westward of the Suult au Cochon tho mountainous and uninhabited coast is quite bold, the high nnd precipitous capes, of various granitic rocks, being washed by tho river as far as Cape Tournieute, where tho Seuiinairc Bank commences, and the mountains trend to the N.W. away from thu shore. Jill) lit Cape Ledye is nearly opposite Capo Brule on tho North shore, from whieh it is distont 1 J mile. The S.W. end is always above water, and is 43 miles S.W. Ironi the Neptune Rock. Tho BruU: Banks are to the westward of the former, and are jaincd to it by shoal water. Their northern edge is only (JOO fathoms wide, and from 7 to 10 deep. Tho banks form a bay on the South side, but which has no passage through to westward. This must be taken care of, and tho North shore of Capes Brule and Tourmento kept on board on ncaring them. On the N.E. point of the Brule Banks, whieh has extended to tho East, a black buoy lies in 3 fathoms, with the West end of Two Heads Island and the West end of Burnt Cape Ledge in one S. | E., and Capo Tourmente W.S.W. The Traverse Spit lies between the Brulc Banks ond the eastern point of Orleans Island, its N.E. part forming, with the S.W. part of the Brule Banks, the Eastern Narrows of the North Traverse, which is only 250 fathoms wide, and 4 fathoms can bo carried through within this breadth. The Traverse Spit, and the IIorsi^ Shoe bank to the N.W. of it, as well as the BrulC Banks, dry for the most part soon after half-ebb, and thereby greatly lessen the difficulty of the passage. As the leading marks can only be made out in fine weather, and by experienced eyes, it required buoying to render it safe for large vessels. The cross mark for tho eastern entrance of this passage, and for the N.E. extreme of the Traverse Spit, is the S.W. point of Two Heads Island on with a distant blue hill, bearing S.K. by G. ^- R. of St. Lawrence, . H A :if-.^-. 40 THE ISLAND OF ORLEANS. E. :| E.; the N.F'.. end of Margaret Island being at. the same time just open to the westward of Two Heads Island. On the last named mark a red bitotf is moored in 3 fathoms ; and on the N.E. end of the Traverse Spit, and opposite to it, on the N.W. side of Brule Bank, a black buoy is moored in the same depth of water, and with the East end of Margaret Island and West end of Two Heads Island touching, bearing S.E. by E. 3 E. The mark for leading into the Traverse throughh the Eastern Narrows between the buoys, is the S.W. point of Keaux Island and Point St. Vallier in one, bearing S.S.W. l AV. From the F-astern Narrows the channel runs S.W. by W. closo along the southern edge of the Traverse Spit, leaving all other shoals to the southward. At the distance of 2i miles we come to the Western Nurrotcs, which are also 250 fathoms wide and 4i fathoms deep. The Western Narrows are between the Traverse Spit and the West Sand, which is 1; mile long and has 7 feet least water. On the East end of the West Sand, where a chequered black and ivhi'te btmj is moored in 3 fathoms, Berthier Church is just shut in behind the S.W. point of Keaux Island, bearing S. 5 W. ; and Patience Island and Two Heads Island are touching, E. 3 S. ; and the mark for leading clear of this sand, at the distance of 2 cables to the N.E., is Reaux and Grosse Islands touching S.E. by E. The West end of the same Sand is cleared by the line of Joachim Church and the East end of Orleans in one. The mark for leading through the Western Narrows, after having arrived as far as the East end of the West Sand (which will be when Berthier Church is just shut in behind the S.W. point of Reaux Island, bearing S. 7 W.), is Point St, John and Point Daiiphine, on the South side of Orleans Island, in one, bearing S.W. 5 W. Having cleared the Western Narrows, there is a fine clear passage between Orleans Island and the banks of Madame Island, not less than two-thirds of a mile wide, and with good anchorage all the way to the South Channel at Point St. John, a distance of nearly 7 miles. The channel to the northward of the Island of Orleans has water enough for the largest ships, but is too narrow and intricate for general use. THE ISLAND OF OBLEANS is distinguished for its fertility. The shores, in general, slant gradually to the beach ; in some places are a few rocky cliff's, but not of great extent or elevation ; from the foot of the slopes are large spaces of low meadow land, sometimes intersected bj' patches of excellent arable. Bordering the North channel the beach is flat and maddy, with reefs of rocks running along it ; but on the southern side it is a fine sand, with only a few pointed rocks sticking up Iwrc and there. The highest part of the island is by the church of St. Pierre, about 3' miles from the western exticmity, and almost fronting the magnificent Falls of Mimtinorcnci ; and also just above Patrick's Hole, on the South side, nearly abreast of St. Pierre, on which is placed the second telegraph of a chain between Quebec and the quarantine establishment at Grosse Island. The central part is thickly wooded. The churches of St. Lawrence and St. John are situated close down on the southern shore ; the distance between them is nearly miles, and this extent presents excellent cultivated lands, richly diversified with orchards and gardens, and houses at short intervals from each other. Lighthouse. — A Jived liijht is shown from a white building at St. Lawrence, oppo- site to Beaumont. It is elevated 38 ft. St, Patrick's Hole, a little to the westward of St. Lawrence, is a safe and well- shclfcred cove, where vessels outward-bound usually come to an anchor, to await their final instructions for sailing. On the West point of it is a group of very neat houses, at several of which the inhabitants furnish accommodations to the numerous persons who visit the island, from amusement, or from curiosity, both in summer and winter. Off St. Patrick's Hole, above mentioned, ships ride in 10, 12, or 14 fathoms, abreast of the inlet. The telegraph, No. 2, is just to the eastward of this cove, on the high part of the island. The ground is not- good, but it is well sheltered from III Ist open to 1 is moored |o to it, on Ih of wutcr, lads Island Is between fcr in one, [W. by W. joals to the Ire also 250 le Traverse U'te buoy Jg point of Island are distance of The West iast end of ved as far just shut t St. John 5.W. i W. !en Orleans 2 wide, and ', a distance igh for the TIDES IN THE IlIVEU ST. LAWllENCE. 47 easterly winds. Here the river is about 1 mile and a quarter wide, and bold on both sides. At about half-way between St. Patrick's Hole and the West end of Orleans, is a shelf called Morandan's Rocks, They extend a cable's length from the island, and have only 10 ft. over them. On the S.W. part of the West end of Orleans is another rocf; this is dry at low water, lies close in, and should not bo approached nearer than in 10 fathoms. On the opposite shore, a little to the eastward of Point Levy, is another reef, which should bo passed at the same depth. Northward of Point Levy is a small reef, but close in, and out of the fairway. BASIN OF QUEBEC. — The appearance of the lands forming the Basin of Quebec is given hereafter, in the description of the river, from Montreal downward. Wo therefore only add here, that it is 1 mile across between the high-water maiks, with a great depth of water. The Harbour of Quebec, properly so called, commences at St. Patrick's Hole, and extends thence to Cape llou^fi^ River, which is iio;irly .'5 leagues above Quebec. The Port of Quebec comprehends uU the space between Burnuby Island and the rapid above Montreal. The situation of Quebec, the capital of Lower Canada, is unusually grand and majestic, in form of an amphitheatre. The city is seated on the NW. .side of (he St. Jjawrence, upon a promontory, formed by that river and the St. Charles. The ex- tremity of this headland is called Cupe Dlumond, of which the highest point rises '6\o ft. above the level of the water. It is composed of a rock of grey ginnite, mi.xtd with quartz crystals (from which it obtains its name), and a species of dark coloured slate. In many places it is quite perpendicular and bare ; in otheis, where the acclivity is less abrupt, tlicre are patches of brownish enrth, or rathci a decomposition of the softer parts of the stone, on wiiich a few stunted pines and creeping shrubs are here and there seen ; but the general aspect of it is rugged and barren. — [Bouc/ieKe, Vol. i., 241.) The latitude of Quebec is 46' 4S' !) , and its longitude wc assume as 71" 12' 32', from the reasons assigned in the " Memoir on the North Atlantic Ocean." ; shores, in is, but not ces of low dering the along it ; ticking up ?rre, about t Fails of b' abreast uebec and y wooded. southern excellent I at short ice, oppo- md well- to await ■ery neat lumerous imer and fathoms, cove, on •cd from TIDES IN THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. On the days of full and change the tide flows in the river as follows :— Near Cupe dc Moots, on the North side, at 1'' iio'". In Manicougaii Buy, at 2''; here spring- tides rise 12, and neaps 8 ft. At Borsimis Point, 2''. On the South coast, near Cape Chatte, the time is li''. Here spring tides rise from 12 to 14, and neaps 8 ft. Off the Itiver Matanc the time is 2'' 0'" ; springs rise 12, and neaps (> ft. At Grand Metis Bay, the time is 2" 10'"; springs rise 13, and neaps 8 ft. Off shore hereabout the current on the surface always runs downward, from li to2i knots. The time of high water at Green Island is 3'' ; sjjring tides rise 10, and neaps 10 feet. In the midiUe of the river, off the easterti part of this island, the flood from the North shore turns to the southward and sets thence eastwardotf the South shore ; and thus below the Isle Bic the stream sets constantly downward, at the rate of l.i to 2i knots as above mentioned. At Green Island the time is 2'' 4.j'" ; at Kamourasca, 4'' ; at the Brandy Pots, 3'' , in the Traverse, 4'' 30'". Ort' Point St. Rocli or Roque, 4'' 50'" Hero it ebbs GJ hours; and Hows 5i. At the Isle Bic the stream never bends to the westward until an hour's flood by the shore. The neap floods are here very weak, and, with westerly winds, none are perceptible. A spring flood is, however, always found, within 4 miles of the shore, between Father I'oint and Bic. The ebb stream from the River Saguenay sets with great force south-westward 48 TIDES IN THE lilVEU ST. LAWRENCE. toward Ked Island Bank. Off Green Island, on the opposite side, there is little or no flood, but a great ripple. All the way hence to Quebec, the tide, when regular, flows tide and quarter-tide ; but it is influenced greatly by the wind, and by no means to be depended on, as to its running, anywhere below Hare Island, where there is a regular stream of ebb and flood. Between Barxaby and Bic the stream of flood sets in from the N.E. at the rate of about 2 knots ; then fair through the channel until last quarter flood, when it sets to the N.W. by the West end of Bic, and then gradually to the N.E. as the flood slacks. The whole of the ebb, both to the eastward and westward of the island, sets strongly to the N.E. The current between Bicquette and the North coast is generally very strong to the N.E., without any regular change. In the summer and autumn, as well as in spring tides, this current slacks, and, near Bicquette, runs to the westward, during flood ; but, until the upland waters have all run down, and the great rivers have discharged the freshes, caused by the thawing of the snows in the spring of the year, this current always runs downward. From Bic to Green Island, on the southern side, the stream of flood is nowhere perceptible at a mile and a half from the islands. The ebb, or rather current, comes strongly from the N. W., out of the lliver Saguenay, and through the channel to the northward of Red Island, and joining the eildy-Jlood, before explained, increases the constantly downward course of the stream. Here it always runs in a S.E. direc- tion, 2 miles an hour, with a westerlj' wind ; but only so to the southward and eastward of Red Island. Between Red Island and Green Island the ebb runs from 4 to ()5 knots. In crossing over to the North shore, this easterly current will be found to diminish ; for, on the North side, the flood is pretty regular, and the ebb much weaker. Eastward of the Razade Rocks, and near Bic, the eddy flood assumes a N.E. direc- tion, and sets strongly between Bic and Bicquette. To the southward of Bic, spring floods run at the rate of a knot and a half; neaps are not perceptible. Ships that come to the southward of Bic, with a scant wind from the northward, must steer W. by N. to check the S.K. current, until they come into 18 fathoms of water, or up to Basique, whence they proceed for Green Island. The first of the flood, spring tides, sets fiom the N.E, along the North side of Green Island, and strongly toward the West end of it ; then S.S.W. over the reef toward Cacona. In the middle of the channel no flood is perceptible. During spring ebbs the meeting of the N.E. and S.E. tides, near the middle of Green Island, causes very strong ripplings ; and, to the eastward of Green Island, the S.E, ebb comes strongly about the East end of Red Island ; here meeting, the N.E. tide causes a high rippling, much like broken water in strong easterly winds ; but in neap tides the floods are very weak, and in the spring of the year there are none. This renders the part of the river now under notice more tedious in its navigation than any other, unless with af;je wind. From the West end of Green Island a regular stream of flood and ebb comment:^, which luns 5 hours upward and 7 downward. At the Brandy Pots it flows tide and quarter-tide ; and above the Pcrcee Rocks, on the South shore, it sets regularly up and down, N.K. by E. and S.W. by W. From the Brandy Pots the stream of flood sets toward Hare Island; and near the West and N.W. with great strength, through the passage between the island and bank. Above Hare Island the flood sets regularly up the river. The ebbs contrarywise. From the Pilyrims up to Cape Diable the flood is very weak, but it thence in- creases up to the buoys of the Traverse, where it runs at the rate of 6 knots. The iirst of the ebb sets towards the English Bank and Hare Island Shoal, when abreast of the greater island of Kamouiasca, and the ebb contrary. Ill La Prairie Bny, on the North side of the Isle mix Condres, the time of high water is -V' 2j"', and here it flowti six hours; the ebb stream continues an hour and a DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING UP THE RIVER. 49 I is little or no I quarter-tide; jded on, as to fm of ebb and at the rate ood, when it as the flood island, sets [strong to the " as in spring luring flood ; |e discharged 1 this current is nowhere jrrent, comes lannel to the h creases the S.E. direc- ithward and >b runs from rent will be ^nd the ebb N.E. direc- ^'c, spring Ships that must steer >'ater, or up rth side of sr the reef ■ing spring ^nd, causes ebb comes ises a high tides the 'nders the ny other, Tinien:o9, tide and 'arlj- up nd near and and jmac. ence in- '• The abreast f high and a quarter after low water, and the flood three-quarters of an hour ofter high water. The tides in the North Channel being half an hour earlier than in the Southern Channels, the first^f the flood sets strongly on the St. Roque and St. Anne's Banks ; and the first of the ebb sets strongly across the shoals in the middle of the river. In the Traverse spring tides rise 18, neaps 11 ft. In the South Traverse, on the full and change, the tide on-shore flows at half- past four, but it continues to run to the westward until six o'clock, when regular in the channel. With westerly winds thpre is a deviation, but it is certain that the tide on-shore rises 3 ft. before the stream bends to the westward j and this allowance must always he made in every part of the river. In the Traverse, the first of the flood sets from the N.N.E. ; at the buoys, at a quarter flood, it takes a S.W. direction, and, when the shoals are covered at half-flood, at the Seal Reefs, it sets until high water S.W. by W. The ebbs, in a contrary direction, run with great strength— frequently, in the spring of the year, at the rate of 6 or 7 knots. Between the Piliers or Pillars, it is high water at S'' 0". The ebb here runs hours and 50 minutes ; the flood, 5 hours and 25 minutes. Both streams continue to run an hour after high and low water by the shore. From Crane Island the flood sets fair up the river, but the first of the ebb off" L'Islet sets to the northward for half an hour, then fair down the river, and at the rate of not more than 3^ knots in spring tide. At the Isle aux I'v .. x, or Rat Isle, below Orleans Island, it is high water at 5'' 32". It ebbs by 'In ■>'-c seven hours, and flows five and a half. The streams run an hour later. Oi i. \ end of Madame Island it is high water at o'' 40'" ; springs rise 17, and nea^ ' " A. At Quebec the time of high water is 6'' 37"'. Here it ebbs by the shore seven hours and 40 minutes, aud flows four hours and 45 minutes. Both streams run an hour after high and low water by the shore. Springs rise 18, and neaps 13 ft. DIRECTIONS FOR SAILING UP THE RIVER, FROM ANTICOSTI TO QUEBEC. Between the S.W. point of Anticosti and the coast of the district of GaspG, the current from the river sets continually down to the south-eastward. In the spring of the year it is strongest j this is supposed to be owing to the vast quantity of snow which thaws at that time. In the summer, when the smaller rivers have lost their freshes, this current is estimated at the general rate of 2 miles an hour ; but in the spring its rate has amounted to 3 J ; which, of course, varies according to the quantity of snow, &c. Mr. Lambly says that there is a difiercnce of 2 and 3 ft. in the level of the River St. Lawrence, between the months of May and August ; which he imputes to the qnantity^of ice and snow melted in the spring. Those advancing toward the river, in the fairway between the S.W. point of Anticosti and Cape Rosier, with the wind from the North or N. by E., if ignorant of the curient, may think that they are making a reach up, when really approaching the South shore. This is to be guarded against, particularly during a long night, or in dark and thick weather. It is always best to tack in time, and get out of the strength of the current, which will be found to diminish toward the North coast. In coming up with contrary winds, and being far enough to the westward to weather Anticosti, stand to the northward, and keep within 3 or 4 leagues of the land up to the extremity of the Cape de Monts. Here the lighthouse, described on p. 121, will be found extremely useful. The land is all bold, and the tide along it favourable. After getting up to Trinity Cove, or the coast to the N.E. of the cape, the flood will be found setting along the North shore. Should cirLUinstunces render it iiBeesiiury, you may proceed to and take shelter at, fiO SAILINO DIUECTIONS. , 1 1 the entrance of the Harbour of St. Nicholas, already dcscribeil, which lies W. by N. 6 leagues from Capo de Monts. Abreast of Manicowjan Shoals, at about two-thirds of the channel over from tlie Rou-hward, a strong rippling has frequently been found ; at about 2 miles further North, another ; and at 2 miles more a similar one. These are visible only in fine weather, and are supposed to be caused by the slack of the eastern current, which runs down on the South shore, and the regular flood on the North. In this part no bottom is to be found. Toward the Points of Bcrsimis and Mille Vaches, the same appearances may occasionally be found, but there is no danger, it being merely the conflict of the two streams. In proceeding upward, with contrarp winds, a ship should continue to keep over toward the North shore, but taking especial care to avoid the Manicougan and Herbimis Shoals. Thus she will avoid the current setting strongly down the middle of the river, and have the assistance of the flood tide, which is not felt hereabout on thu South shore. 'J'he current is sometimes strong to the N.E. between Bicquette and Mille Vaches. If a ship has advanced up, on the North side, to Bcrsimis Point, with the wind at West, and a flood tide, she may cross over to Father Point, and obtain a pilot. Should the wind change to S.VV. by AV., keep the North land on board, until sure of fetching the point. With a fair wind, and under favourable circumstances, a ship proceeding upward, on the SdiUh side of the river, may find soundings, but very irregular, along the coast to Matane; the shore is, in general, steep. No anchorage in any part; the depth 20, 30, and oO fathoms, at 1 mile from the rock, and all hard ground ; in from oO to 80 fathoms the bottom is of clean sand. From Cape Ciiatte to Matane the course and distance are W. I S. lOj leagues. When at 4 miles to the north-eastward of Matane you will see the Paps bearing S.W. J W.J the}' stand inland to the westward of the river, as already noticed, and this is the best bearing on which thej' can be seen. Mount Camille will now como in sight to the W.S.W., and maj' be seen in this direction 13 leagues ott'. It hence appears to the northward of all the land on the South side, and in the form of a circular island. Twenty-three miles W. ^ S. of Matane River is Little Metis Cove, described on page 126. If requisite to anchor here, give the East end of the reef a berth of 100 yards, or cross it in 3 fathoms ; then haul up into the middle of the cove, and let go. Grand Metis, described on page 126, is 6\ mik- W. i S. from Little Metis. The hank of soundings extends further to the northward of these coves than off' Matane, and 3o fathoms, with sand, may be found at 4 miles from shore ; but beyond this the depths speedily increase to GO and TO fathoms. The edge of the bank continues steep as high up as Green Lland. Along-shore, witiiin 10 fatiioms, the ground is hard, and it is difficult for a boat to land, unless in fine weatiicr. From Grand Metis to Cock Cove, as already shown, page 127, the land trends \V. by S. 10 miles. la flue weather ships may stop tide between, in 15 fatiioms. Fatiieii Point, or Point aux Pkuks, with its /(';//(/, has been already described, as well as Barnaby Island, which lies to the westward of it (see page 127). Small vessels, seeking shelter from westerly winds, may find a dcjjth of 3 fathoms, under the reef extending from the East end of this island in Itimoushy Road. Upon this reef is a large round stone, which serves as a mark. To enter, cross the tail of the reef in 4 fathoms, and then haul to the southward ; and, when the island bears W. by N., with the large stone N.W. by W., anchor at a qtiarter of a mile from the island. From Barnaby Island the Isle Die bears West 10 miles j Bicquette W. by N. 1 1 1 miles; and Cape Original W.S.W. % W. 3i leagues. Cape Original and the end of Bic lie North and South from each other, di.vtant 2.| miles. The cape bears from Bic Old Harbour nearly West, about 2^ miles. From the cape a reef extends East 1 mile. .11 BETWEEN CAPE CHATTE AND ISLE BIC. 0t |W.byN. from the Jps further |ly in fine |nt, which lis part no J the same [erely the ceep over lugan and lie middle pabout on Vachcs. ; wind at t. Should fetching upward, 'long the part; the in from leagues. ) bearing iced, and ow come It hence I circular The eastern part of tliis reef and the western point of the harbour, in a line, bear E.S.E. 1 mile. Soundings, &c., between Cock Cove and Bic Island.— From Father Point the bank extends northward 5 miles. At that distance from land are ;{5 fathoms of water, with sand and mud. Hence, westward, all the way within 1 mile of Bicquette, the soundings are very regular. Ships may therefore stand to the southward by the lead, and tack at pleasure. They may also stop tide anywhere in this extent, in 9 or 10 fathoms, good ground. I/a ship nrrives off Father Point, during an easterly wind and clear weather, when no pilots arc to be obtained, she may safely proceed along the land in 10 fathoms of water. On approaching the Isle Bic the reef extending from the S.E. of that island will be seen; give this a berth, and continue onward through the middle of the channel between the island and Cape Original. With the body of the island N.E. you may come to an anchor, in 8 ot 9 fathoms, clean ground, and wait for a pilot- There is a spot on the island cleared fi'om trees; when this spot bears N.E., from a depth of 11 or 12 fathoms, you will be in a good berth. The ground is hard toward the island. The pilots repair to their rendezvous in April. On their boats and sails are their respective numbers. The proper rendezvous is at Father Point ; but they are often met with at Matane and Cape Chatte, and sometimes lower down. A ship off Father Point, during thick weather and an easterly wind, without a pilot, may stand to the southward by the lead, and tack by sodding. In this case observe that, when in 10 fathoms, Bic will bear due West. To BEAT up from Father Point to Bic Island, you may make free with the South shore, as, by nearing it, the flood tide will be most in your favour. The depth of 7 fathoms is a good fairwaj', and you may anchor in that depth all the way up to the island. When beating in, to the southward of Bio, from the eastward, stand to the southward into 7 fathoms while to the eastward of the island, but approach no nearer to the S.E. reef than 9 fathoms. In the middle are 12 fathoms. In standing to the northward, toward Bic, tack in 10 fathoms all along the island, and when it bears N.E. anchor as above. ribed on berth of ove, and is. The Mutaiic, this the cs steep is haid, Ictis to la ilne scribed, Small I under Upon he tail island from V. 11} end of m Bio 1 mile. THE GENERAL COURSES, Etc., BETWEEN CAPE CHATTE AND ISLE BIC, ARE AS FOLLOW :— A ship bound upward, and having arrived within 3 leagues to the N.E. of Cape Chatte, on which is to be placed a light, should steer W. by S. or according to the wind, allowing for current to S.E., as already shown. Running thus for 24 leagues, will bring you to Father Point. Should the weather be thick, you may haul to the southward ; and if, after gaining soundings in from 30 to 25 fathoms, the water should suddenly shoalen to 20 and 1.5, you will not be up to the point, but may safely run 4 or 5 miles higher ; with soundings, and the woter gradually shoaling from 33 to 2o, 18, c&c, in 3 or 4 miles, you will be up with the point, and nay make sig- nal for a pilot, approaching no nearer than in 12 fathoms. Here you will be about 1 mile and a half from shore, and will, if the weather be clear, see the houses. The shore is bold- to, and may be approached with safety. From Father Point to the Isle Bic the bearing and distance are W. 5 S. 16 miles. While advancing from the eastward toward Father Point, and being off Little Metis, the high land to the southward of Cape Arignole, or Original, may be seen before the cape itself or Isle Bic come in sight. From off Mount Camille, in clear weather, Bic may be clearly seen. To avoid mistaking Barnaby Isle for that of Bic, observe that, in thick weather, a ship cannot approach the land, near Father Point, without gradually shoaling the water; consequently if, while keeping the lead going you come into 9 fathoms, and make an island suddenly, it must be Barnaby ; or. if I i I i: «a SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR falling in with an island on any bcarinf^ to the westward of W.S.W., one cast of the lead will be sufficient to ascertain which it is ; for, with Baxnabj' from W.S.W. to West, you will have from 7 to 5 fathoms only ; but with Bic on the same bearings are from 15 to 12 fathoms. If, with the lead kept going, and no soundings be found, you suddenly fall in with an island to the southward, it must be Bicquettc. With this island S.W. half a mile, there are 16 fathoms of water. At 2 miles East from it are 16 fathoms, and a ship advancing into this depth, from the deeper water, may either haul ofiF to the north- ward, and wait for clear weather, or proceed, by sounding around the reef from the East end of Bic ; steer thence West 2 miles, and come to an anchor, within the island, in 12 or 11 fathoms. At 4 miles North of Bicquctte are <30 fathomr of water. With an easterly wind, if requisite to anchor on the South side of Bie, to proceed from windward, run boldly to the southward, and look out for the reef extending from the East end of the island. The latter may be seen, being always above water. Give the reef a berth of a quarter of a mile, and run along, in mid-channel, until Cape Original bears S.S.E., the body of the island then bearing N.N.W. In 10 or 11 fathoms is a large ship's berth, the ground clear and good. Small vessels may run up, until the island bears N.E. in 9 fathoms, at about a quarter of a mile from the island ; but here the ground is not so clear as in the deeper water. Fresh water is obtainable in the cove just to the westward of the East end of the island. If, during a westerly wind, a ship should be to the windward of the island, and it be required to bear up, in order to anchor, stand to the southward, in 11 fathoms ; then run down and anchor, as above directed ; but particularly noticing that, with little wind, 10 fathoms is the proper depth of the fairway, and that the last quarter flood, and all the ebb, sets strongly between Bicquette and Bic. Should you, with the wind easterly, be too far to the westward to fetch round the East end of Bic, in oider to gain the anchorage, give Bicquette a berth of half a mile, then run up until the West end of Bic bears S.E., when Cape Original will be open of it. The latter mark leads to the westward of a reef that covers at a quarter-tide, and extends W.S.W. 1 mile from Bicquette. Another reef, always in sight, lies between the former and Bicquette. By hauling round to the southward, with Capo Original open, you will pass athwart the opening between Bic and Bicquettc, in from 16 to 12, 10, and 9 fathoms ; the water thence shoalens into 6 fathoms, on the spit of mud and sand lying S.W. by W. from Bic, 1 mile. After crossing this spit, you will deepen into 9 and 10 fathoms, when the passage will be open, and you may come to an anchor. The N.W. ledge of Bic, the West end of that isle, and Cape Orignal, are nearly in a line when bearing S.E. When beating into Bic from the westward, while standing to the southward, do not shut Mount Camille with Cape Original ; in standing to the northward, do not shut Mount Camille with the Isle Bio. Bank of Soundings. — In the offing between Barnaby and Bic, are regular soundings, decreasing from Sii to 30 fathoms, generally of clean ground. Ships may, therefore, anchor in any depth, but no nearer than a mile and a half, with Bic bearing from W.S.W., as otherwise, the channel on the South of that island will not be open ; and, with a sudden shift of wind, you may not be able to quit the island. At N.W. from the eastern extremity of the S.E. reef of Bie, and just to the south- ward of the stream of Bicquette, is the N.E. reef, a dangerous ledge, seen at low- water, spring tides only. To avoid it, give Bic the berth of a mile. Westward of Bic the edge of the Bank of Soundings trends to the south-westward up to Basque Isle, and ships may therefore stand safely to the southward by the lead, 12 fathoms being the fairway. ISLE BIC TO GREEN ISLAND.— From the Isle Bic Green Island bears S.W. by W. I W. 9i leagues; and the course will therefore be from W.S.W. to S.W ., according to the distance northward from Bic, &c. In this course and distance, you i\ fast of the JV.S.W. to le bearings ill in with ^alf a mile, Eind a ship ihe north* reef from lor, within fathomr of proceed extending |ove water, ncl, until V. In 10 all vessels irtcr of a )er water, nd of the land, and fathoms • hat, with it quarter round the alf a mile, II be open irter-tido, i'S'it, lies vith Capo -, in from le spit of you will ' come to icarlj' in standing ig to the regular Ships tlf, with t island luit the 3 south- at low- l of Bic Je Isle, s being bSAV. SAW, 0, jou THE lUVKll OF ST. I.AWKENCF, UPWAUD. 6i pass the Alcidos Rock, the Rozadcs, Basque, ond Apple Island, which have been de- scribed in pp. 128, 129. From the rocks of Apple Island to the eastern reef of Green Island, the bearing and distance are W. by S. 2 miles. The reef extends nearly a mile from the trees on the East end of Green Island, and is always uncovered. Tho small channel on the South side of Green Island is nearly dry at low water. The edge of the bank is steep to the northward of the llazades, &c., but from 35 fathoms, inward, there are gradual soundings. Botween Bic and Green Island there is anchorage all the way in 15 fathoms ; and for small vessels, in fine weather, in 9 fathoms. If up to the East end of Green Island, and the tide be done, you may anchor in 10 fathoms off the reef, and in tho stream of the ledge extending N.E. by N. from tho lighthouse point, at the distance of a mile from the extremity of that shoal. Between Bic and Basque the ground is all clean j but thence to Green Island it is foul. A small vessel may find shelter under the East end of Basque, in 2^ fathoms at low water, giving the East end of the reef extending from that island the berth of a quarter of a mile. The anchorage is with tiie island bearing W. by S. Tho lujhthouse and reefs about Green Island have been already described in p. 129. The lighthouse bearing S.W. by W. leads safely up to Green Island. The land to the southward of Cupo Orignal kept open to the northward of Basque Island, leads clear of the lighthouse ledge. With the lighthouse bearing S.AV. by S., this Icdgo will be exactly between the ship and lighthouse. Between the lighthouse and the West end of Green Island, in fine weather, you may stop tide in 2C or 25 fathoms, close to the North side of the island i but if the wind be fresh, the ground will be found too bad for holding, and too near the shore. During N.E. winds, small vessels may anchor between the S.W. reef and Cacona, in 4 fathoms ; but it will be better to bear up for the Brandy Pots light, lest they be caught by ad- verse weather, &c. Hed Island bears from the lighthouse of Green Island N.W. by W^ \ W. nearly 5^ miles. The eastern extremity of its extensive reef bears from the lighthouse nearly N.W. by N., and is cleared by the lighthouse and beacon on Green Island in one, bearing S.S.E. \ E. When coming up in the night, the light should not, therefore, be brought to the eastward of S. by E., until you are certainly within 5 miles of it. If, with the light bearing S. bj- E. you cannot make free to enter the Narrows, wait for daylight ; and, should the wind be scant from N.W,, you may then borrow on tho youth side of Red Island, but so as to have W^hite Island open twice its own breadth from the North side of Hare Island. On drawing to the westward, you may approach the shoal of White Island by the lead, remembering that the ebb tide sets strongly down between White Island Shoal and Red Island, and the flood in the contrary direction. A vessel may anchor, in fine weather, on the South side of Red Island Reef, in 12 fathoms, at the distance of about three-quarters of a mile. The tide here- about, as already shown, sets in all directions. The SOUNDINGS between Green Island and Red Island are very irregular. At a mile from each aro nearly 30 fathoms of water. The water of this channel, during ebb tide, with an easterly wind, appears broken, but there is no danger. THE NORTH COAST.— The Point (le Milk Vuches bears from Bicquotte N. by W. 4 J leagues. The extensive shoal which surrounds this point commences off the river of PuH Keuf, on the East. Tlie southern extremity of the shoal is a mile from shore, and is very steep-to. The greater part of the shoal is dry at low water. Above the point the land forms the Bay of Mille Vuches, which is shoal, and full of rocks. At 11 miles S.W. by W. from Point Mille Vuches are two islets, called the Esquemin Isles. In the bay, at 4 miles West from the point is a small river, called iSaiilt au Mouton, having a handsome full of 80 ft. noar the mouth of it, which may be always seen when passing. Between the Esquemin Isles and Saguenay River, a distance of 1^ leagues, S.W. by W., are three small rocky islets, named liutidesir and Ias Beryeronncs, which afford shelter to fishing boats. In proceeding for the Saguenay River, should the weather be thick, it would be 6r. ^- R. of fSt. Lawrence. l ,k t •I fil GREEN ISLAND TO THE BRANDY POTS. advitiablo to drop aiiclior at tlic Brnndy Pots, until tlio weather becomes favourable, when tilt! cnlrunco can be easily tfl'ected with a leading wind. The leading marks are good, and the PMtrunce a mile wide between iho ahoaU. The Bull is a round mountain on tnc I>orth side of the Sugiunay, about 6 miles up, and by keeping tho "ull ..|lund, on the port side, ii berth of 2 miles in passing. At 'A leagues above Have Island haul to the southward, and enter the South channel toward Karaourasca j whence jiroreed as hereafter directed. GREEN ISLAND to tih; BRANDY POTS.— The Percee Rocks, Barrett Ledge, M'hite Island, and tho Brandy Pots, have already been described. (Sec page 132.) E'rom Green Island to the Brandy Puts lighthouse the course and distance are from S.W. 1 \V. to S.W. by \y. 1 kagiu's. To siiil to the northward of Barrett Ledge, the lighthouses on the Brmuiy P(it> and Kiimourasea will he good guides, but by day bring the southernmost uiountaiti of Kainourusea in a line with the saddle of the Great Pilgrim, or an islet lying off tho N.E. sido of Green Island, touching the high land of Cape Arignole. Either of these marks will clear the Ledge. In advancing toward the A\'hito Island Reef, you may trust to the lead ; seven fathoms is near enough to tack or anchor in, and this depth is in the fairway to the Brandy Pots. The Brandy Pots are steep on the South side, 10 fathoms being near to them. Tlure is good anchorage to the eastward of the Brandy Pots, in from 9 to 7 fathoms, and good anchorage above them, in from 9 to 14 fathoms. This is the best roadstead of any part of the river, during easterly winds, excepting that of Crane Island, and is the usual rendezvous for vessels bound down the St. Lawrence, and waiting for a wind. There is a good passage to the southword of Barrett Ledg-c up to the Pilgrims, leaving the Middle Shoal, which is above Barrett Ledge, on the starboard hand. The North passage is, however, the best and most used. BRANDY POTS to the SOUTH TRAVERSE and GOOSE ISLAND.— For the flat on the South side of Hare Island, above the Brandy Pots, see page 132. This flat is bold-to, there being 7 fathoms close to it, nearly up to the West end ; and the whole of this side of the island is bound by rocks. The lower end of the .Middle Bank, as already noticed, page 13o, bears S.E. J E. about a mile and a half from the Brandy Pots. Between the Middle Ground and Hare Island are 10 and IC to 20 fathoms of water. On the South side of the Middle Ground there are 8 and 9 fathoms ; at half-tide, in this part of the river, a large ship may safely beat up or down. In proceeding to the westward from the Brandy Pots, there is a 3-fathom rocky patch, and the knoll at the West end of Hare Island Bank to be avoided, the rocky patch being two-thirds of a mile eastward of the knoll which is to the S.E. of the western end of Hare Island j between them there are 3^ and 4 fathoms. The marks and bearings of these have beeu described (page 132). The Middle Bank, which lotncs favourable, le leading marks Hull is a round by keeping the J when abreast of [they think they I N.E. side of tho Jon p. 12(3, and it iKtienne, 10 miles fie Anse St. Jean, at all of which h far too great to [and Red Island, md bold, and the n sudden shift of Island llvcf, she ^hite Island, and U leagues above ard Kamourasca ; ks, Barrett Ledge, (Sec page 132.) distance are from >f Barrett Ledge, juidoa, but by day the saddle of the ouching the high o the lead j seven he fairway to tho thorns being near , in from 9 to 7 >ms. This is the xcepting that of he St. Lawrence, to the Pilgrims, board hand. The ISLAND.— For page 132. This st end J and the , bears S.E. | E. die Ground and do of the Middle ver, a large ship 3-fathom rocky •idcd, the rocky the S.E. of the ms. The marks Ic Bank, which KAMOUU.\SC'.\— SOUTH TKAVEUSE. «S extends between tho Middle Shoal ond Hare Island Hank, has 3) and 4 fathoms on it, and consequently this draught may be carried over it, but if a greater depth than . or 3J fathoms be wanted, White Island must be brought open to the eastward of the Brandy I'ots. When White Island is brought to the westward of tho Brandy Tots, or midway between them and Hare Island, tho mark is directly on the 3-fathom patch, before described. In standing to tho southward from Hare Island, above tlio Brandy I'ots, you will find 18 and 20 fathoms of water. On tho North side of the Middle Bank, 4 fathoms ; but there are 8 and 9 fathoms on the South side of this bank, with gradual soundings to the South shore. Five fathoms is a good depth to tack in. Abreast of the middle of Hare Island the depths are nearly the same. Tho direct course from tho Pilgrims to tho chequered buoy on the South side of the Traverse is S.W. by W., the distance about 7J leagues. The South Traverse and coast between have been fully described, see page i;<'). '|"he bank between the Pilgrims and Kamourasca Isles is steep-to. The mark for tacking here is not to shut the S.W. land with the great Island oi Kamourasca — in standing to the northward, you will gain the depth of 20 fathoms. KAMOURASCA.— From the West end of Crow Island, the third of the Kamou- rasca Isles, as deseribcd on page 132, tho church bears S.E. nearly a mile. Between is a place on which ships may safely be run on shore. To get in, bring the church to bear E. S.E. , or some dibtanec to the westward of Crow Island, and run for it. In passing in, you will carry 14 feet in common spring-tides, and 10 feet with neaps. The bottom is of soft mud. Cavk Diadlk bears from Crow Island S.W. \ W. about 3 miles, and a reef ex- tends from the cape as already explained, the easternmost jjart of which is not more than a mile and a luiif from Crow Island. Sliips from tiie westward, therefore, in order to get in, should run down along the reef in (i futhoms, and luuil in for the church, as above. With easterly winds, the large cove i^n the S.E. of Cape Diablo is a fine place for a vessel to run into, should she have lost her anchors. To enter, bring the ch.iieli and Crow Island in the line of direction given above. Having arrived within the reefs, run up to tho westward, leaving an islet that lies above the church on the left side ; then put the ship on shore in the S.W. part of the cove, and she will be sale. Should the wind be westerly, put her on shore a little to the eastward of the church. SOUTH TRAVERSE.— From Cai)e Diuhle to the South Traversv, the course, if at 3 miles from the cnpe, will be S.W. by W. In proceeding, keep the northern- most part of the high land of Kamourasca in a line with the low point of St. Denis ; this mark will lead to the lightvessel and the black buoy off the point of St. lloque, and the white buoy upon the Middle Ground on the opposite side. When St. lloque church bears S.E. by S., the roadway beyond the church will be in a line with it, and you will be up to the buoys. From this spot run one-half oi quarter of a mile above the buoys on a S.W. course. From the spot last mentioned, the direct course upward along the edge of St. lloquc's Bank will bo S.W. J S. 4 miles, and S.W. by S. 2 miles; but considerable allowance must be made for tide, whether ebb or flood. These courses lead up to abreast of the red buoy, lying on the bank at 4i miles W^S.W. { W. from the Point of St. Roquo. The depths on the courses prescribed are 8, 7, and fathoms, varying to 11, and again to b\ and G fathoms. On proceeding hence upward, with tho lighthouse on tho Stone Pillar in sight, bearing S.W., you will keep in the best water, but south-westward of the red buoy are several detached 2\ and 3-fathom shoals, one of which, the Channel Patch, is in the fair-way ; the bearings and marks are described on page 134. It may be passed to the northward or southward, until you have the Stone Pillar at the distance of 2 miles, where the depths at low water are 5 and 6 fathoms. From this you bear up, on a South course, into the southern part of the Traverse ; and thence not forgetting the Avii/iwii, or South Jtock, the course will bo S.W. J W. until 66 STONE I'lLLAU TO CIIANE ISLANI>. past the Stone Pillar and Oooso Inland Ileef, which you keep on board upon tlic star- board sijf the South side on board, and proceeding as above. If entering the Traverse with lilffe wiiiil, he eareful to allow for the tirst of the flood, 08 it sets stronjfly towards the point of St. lloquo Hunk. On going through, if nioie than hnlf-fii'od, iillow for a set to S.W. by W., and be sure always to keep the South bank on board. Above the Pillars, the tide sets fair up the river. In beating into and through this passage, be eareful and tack from each side on tlio first shoal-east of the lead ; but most so to the northward, on the edge of the .Middle Ground. Ten futlionis is near enough to the bank j and it is to bo remembered that the ship will always go farther over toward the Middle Bank than to tho point of St. Jloque Shoal. Anchoiag^e. — Between tho Brandy Pots and Traverse, there is anchorage all along the English Bunk, and ujion llie edge of the flat on the South side, between the Pil- grims and the greater Kamiujrasea Isle, in !) fathoms; imder tho Pilgrims in 3 fathoms; oH'Caj)e Diablc, in 10 fathoms; and thence, along the flat, up to the buoys. Shoii/d thejlodd hv done, when a ship is in the Narrows, or between the buoys, or if any occurrence render it necessary to anchor thereabout, instead of coming-to in tho channel, run below either buoy, and eome-to theie, in 7 fathoms, on either side. The tides will be found much easier after half-ebb below tho buoys than between them. In tho deep water the tides hero run very strong. Should the wind be incliiuvblo to the southwmd, anchor to the southwaid of the stream of the black buoy, in 7 fathoms. Should a ship be a mile above the buoys, under ,similar circumstances, she snouid anchor on the edge of tiie South Bank, in 7 fatlunns, with a good scope of cable before the tide comes htrong ; f(M', if the anchor once staits, you may have to cut from it, as it seldom tak.'s hold again, the grounds hereabout being foul and unfit for holding. Neai' the Pillars the tides are much easier than below ; at and above them, setting at the rate of not more than 3j miles an hour. Ships bound down with easterly w inds may anchor at 2 miles to the north east- ward of the South Pillar, in 7 fathoms ; or, to the southward of it, in the same depth, with good ground. Stone Pillar to Crane Island, — From abreast of the Stone Pillar, or of tho Avignon Kock, the direct eour.se and distance to Crane Island Lighthouse arc S. W. \ W. 4 leagues. On this course you pass Goose Ishitul, and arrive at tho Beaujeu Bank, the channel to the South of which is that generally used ; tho depth in it is irregular, varying from o to ;j fathoms ; and there are two rocky patches ot 'Z\ fathoms in the way, and difficult to avoid. The marks for pushing the southern edge of the Beaujeu Bank, along the eastern half of its length, are, the Stone Pillar, its own breadth open to the southward of Goose Island Keef; and for the western part of the bank, which turns up slightly to the northward towards Crane Island, Point St. Vallier in one with the South side of Crane Island. 'i'ho South side of the channel is a muddy flat, of 3 and 2 fathoms, with regular soundings toward it. 'I'here is good anchorage all the way up to Crane Island. Stand no nearer toward Goose Island Ileef than 10 fathoms : but above it you may stand toward the island to 7 fathoms. A\'hen up to the lij;hthouse on Crane Island, you may approach safely, as it is bold and clear, with 7 fathoms close to the rocks. Anciioiiagi;, — From off the Pillars to Crane Island, there is all the way good and clean ground, 'i'here is, also, a good road off the body of Crane Island, in .S fathoms. The best road in tiie river, during easterly winds, is at a mile to the westward of Crane Island ; and -liijis Ixuuid downward, if at the Pillars, and caught by strong ,^ CRANK ISLAND TO POINT ST. VALl.lEll. ril Htor- parti tho pop tho Iddlo that It of easterly wintls, had bettor run back to thw ploco than rido below, and risk the .osb of aiiuhora. Crane Island to Point St. Vallier.— Tho direct course and distance from (^lano Island to Point St. Vullicr are from W. by S. to W.S.W. 4 ieaj^ues. Between are tho mud bank of St. Thomas, the Wyo Koeks, tho Belle-Chasso Islets, and the bank of Orossc Inland. {For thsoiption, sco pni/c l.'JO.) The Hank of St. Thomas is above 2 miles broad, and is dry at low water, nearly to its northern ed^je, which is very steep, and the marks for clearing it ore Uello- Chosso Island and Point St. Vullier touching. When St. Thomas's Church bears S.E. J K., you will be abreast tho point of tho bank called Margaret's Tail, having a red buoy, and may thence steer directly up, W.S.W. Tho mark for tho southern edge of Margaret's Tail Bank is, tho S. side of Haystack Island and Crano Island Church in one, bearing E.N.K. To avoid the Wyo Hocks, never stand to tho southward of six fathoms in tho night J and by day, observe that tho long mark is to keep Holle-Chaaso Islets just open to the southward of Point St. Vullier. They are out of tho way of vessels with a fair wind, and vl o cross murk for them is the Seminaire on tho North shore in one •with tho East point of lleaux Island, and Crow Island just open to tho westward of Middle Island. To tho West of Margaret's Tail is a narrow rocky shoal called Grosso Patch, with 7 feet least water j between this shoal and Margaret's Tail is a channel 270 fathoms wide, and 5 fathoms deep, leading to the Quarantine Establishment on tiio southern side of Grosse Island. For the guidance of the numerous vessels which ^itop there, a red buoy has been placed on the S.W. end of Margaret's Tail, as before mentioned, and also a white buoy on the N.E. of Grosse Patch ; but in the absence of buoys, tho East points of Grosso Island and the Brothers in one, bearing N. by E., will lead through. There is a passage to tho West of Grosse Patch, between it and tho island, but care must be taken to avoid a small rock, with 7 ft. least water, lying 180 fathoms off Grosse Island, and on which a black buoy has been placed. When obove Margaret Island, stand no farther to the northward than into 6 fathoms. lUaux or Kat Island and Madame ure flat to the southward ; 7 fathoms will be near enough to both. The South side of the channel, up to Belle-Chasse, is all bold ; 8 fathoms are close to it, with 7, 8, !), and o fathoms quite across. There is good clean anchoring ground, and easy tides, all the woy. When up to Belle-Chasso, stand no nearer to these islets than 8 fathoms, and to Madame than 6 fathoms. The shoal extending from Madamo has already been noticed, p, 136. The mark for clearing the southern side of Madame Bank, as well as the Grosso Island Tail and Patch, is Ilace Island kept just open to the southward of Margaret Island. Tho mark for the S.W. extreme, which is the point of the entrance of the North Traverse, is tho North side of Keaux Island just open to the northward of Madame Island, bearing N.E. | E., and St. Vallier Church bearing S. a E. The cross mark for clearing it to the S.W. is, Berthier Church and tho west-end of Bellc- Chassc Island in one. The North Ciiannei. and Tkaveusf, and the Middle Traverse are but seldom used, and the description of them will bo found on pp. 136, 137. St. Vallier to duebec- — From the Point of St. Vallier to that of St. Laurent, or St. Lawrence, in Orleans, the course and distance are from W.S.W. to S.W. by W. i)i miles. Both sides arc bold; 10 fathoms in the fairway from Orleans, and 8 fathoms from the South shore. Ships may anchor toward the island, in from 16 to 10 fathoms. The SiioAL OF Beaumont, described on page 136, is steep-to. Make short boards until you are above Point St. Lawrence, when you will be above it, and may safely bturid to the southward into 10 fathoms. From Point St. La\vui;n(,k to 1'oint Li.vv, the course and distance are W. by. N. 2 leagues. At u mile and a half wcbtwurd fVoui St. Lawrence's church in St A8 QUKHliC IIAKUOIU. ft Tatrick'H Ilolo. {Set paijt l.'(!»). Herf> in ub(iut 10 rathoma ia tlio fuir-way to tatk from. The depth in thu nuddle in l.J fathom*. From off Point Lkvv to Qrr dkc, tho couixp in W.S.W., nnd tho di«tanro nhoiit 2 mili'd. Tilt' Hhoal* of Utuuport, on tho North side, may be cnsiiy avoided; in standing toward them, iidvuncc no nvurcr than in 10 futhoma, aa thry are ateep-to, and are, in some purtx, atuddcd with rockR. S/iij)i (trririnij at (Jnehvc, with Hood tide and nn easterly wind, nhould take in their eanvaH in time, and liuw* cable ready, oa the ground in the bnxin ia not very good for liulding, tlio water being deep, und the tidew Htrong, particularly apring-tidea. If obliged to conic-to in the middle, there will bo found from 10 to 20 fathoms abreast of the town ; but near tho wharfs, or at 2 cables' lengtha from them, Ih a depth of 11 futhomx; and heiu vcsscU are easily brought up; but, in the ofHng, 10 fathoms of cable will bo required. On the Point Levy aide ia a depth of nearly 30 fathoms, and tho tides are stronger hero than near the wharfs. With the wind heavy from tho eastward, the best riding will be above the wharfs, off tho cove called Diamond Har- bour, in the depth uf 10 fathoms. The Uallast tiuoLNti, or place oppointcd by law for heaving out tho ballast in, is to the west word of two beacons ILved on the South shore, above (Juebec. These buacons stand on tho brow of a hill, above u cove called Charles C'ove, and when in a line bear S.E. QUEBEC HARBOUR may bo coiihidcred as extending from off the river St. Charles up to the Chaudiere Uivcr, a di»tanco of 5 or miles, which all through tho navigable season is thickly occupied by vcmscIs employed in tho timber trade, for tho most part lying alongside the numerous wharves and blocks for embarking lumber, and consequently out of the stream. Hut sonutimes the spring or fall fleet arrives to tho omonnt of several hundred sail together; and then, before they have had time to take their jjlaces for loading, the river is so crowded with sliip[)ing, thut it is difficult to find a clear berth. A gale of wind occurring under such eireumstanees, is sure to do damage, since tho water is deep, the ground (sand und gravel) nut good, the tido strong, nnd the vessels often carelessly anchored. A great annoyance to vessels at anchor off Quebec arc the large and heavy rafts of timber so frequently dropping down with the strong ebb-tide. These often get athwart hawse of vessels, and arc almost certain to do them injury, either by forcing them from their anchorage or otherwise. Docks. — For the repairs of vessels there are at present in the Harbour of (iuebec four floating docks and five gridirons. The docks are capable of receiving vessels from 1,000 to 1,200 tons, and one of them will admit a vessel of 22a ft. keel, what- ever may be her tonnage. One of the gridirons will receive ships of 1,800 tons. There is also a patent slip at Levi Point, opposite the city. a A\ ■> INDEX. AuKornioro Uock, jx AgwanuB Uivur, il Airoy Capo, !« Alcborn I'oint, 7.> A\cido« Hock, .i«, '>•* J Alri«lit Capo, l^l'^a. ana Uoof, 5 AlriKht Island, -i Amot Island and Lt.. <'H Amhorst THland and Uar Auuuonito IV.IUI, ^* A.no.irl'on'tnn.n''^'^''" Anchor Irtli'nd. - Andromacho KocK, o Ansodol'W'i-'n'.f Anlic.osti Island, Antigonisb, 7'i Antrobufl Tomt, lo Appl :rott Lodges, AJ IJarrior Uocts, U l5avtiboB>io and Lights, Basin, The, 19 Biison Uivor, ^u Road, 36, 37 Basque Wa^^ds, 27 Battery romt, 7J Baytiold Islands, 41, l'^ Buacon Island, U Boar, Cap«. 8? H.av Head, 7.J Bear llflail and Ua> , ( Boar Hill, 80 Boar Islanil, 7.5 Beaton I'oint, «|S Beaujou Hank, -LK C» Beaumont K'"'''*;, lUauniont Shoal, ._)7 Hf.auport Siioals, o7 Booscio Hivor, 8 _, Budoquo Harbour, (« Hndtbrd Buy. 8} . „£'!;.' «... w»t ".d lliirbour, 10 15.dl Point, 80 IloTgorunos, Lo;t, oo n„r»iamitoH Point, •J.i Uersimirt Pomt, 3'^ Uorhiinis, Poll- ; „„ B«tcbewuu Havbour, 2- Bic Island, 3o, 30 Biicb Point Light, 61 Hivd Islands, 3, Black Uocf, 10 Blanc S^iblon IViy, J Blaskowilz Point, -0 Blockhouse Point, ( J BlutV Hiiad, 11 Boat Island, 10 Bold Island, M Bold Rock., I'f .. Bonami Pomt, 04 Bonavonturo 63 Bonavcnture Island, 01 Bondosir l8^*"'^'r,T^vour, Bonne Espcranco Harbour, and Island, U Bottle Islaud, 14 Boughton Islands, loiut, and Uivcr, 82 Boulo Islan 1», 27 Boule l\>in», La. 31 Boul»t Island, 13 lliiwi'n Uocks, 'Zl 15".! Harbour, Bay. au.i Hills, «, 10 , , . . , o., Brandy Pots & ^^S^^> ^^' 39 Bras d'or Lake, 85 Breaking Ledge, l Breton, Capo, and I»Und, Braon lHbvn(U3, 76 BrockolsbyUivor and Heart, BrLdenoU Island & UWcr. 8'^ ,.« Brule, Capo, faO Brulo, Capo, and nankMf' Brule IVniuiulaJscUaiuoui, Brunswick, New, 66 Bryon Island, o Buctouche, Of) Bull Mountain, 1 he, r, I Burnt Capo Ld«o, 41,1" Burnt Island, 10 Bustard Point and Kivti, 32 Cacona, 40, 48 CahilUock, (4 Calumet Uivor, .' C.miUo, Mount, 31, ol Can >e Island ,_ 41 Cinscau Pom., «J Canso, U.r. ol, ..9, 71. 73 Canso 1 oaS'S, 71 llivcr, 81 Cardigan River, 82 Caribou Inland, U Harbour, 08 Garloton ^};'''^'.^%, Carleton ]Slount,J'3 Cavlcton Point, < K 60 Carlialo, Now, 63 (Jiirlton Clifls, 75 C'lirouHt'l IsliiniJ, 27 Ca8Ciii)mliiic Bay & Kivor, 63 Cascumpoquo Bay and Har- bour, 83 Caulfiold Point, 67 Caweo Islands, 28 Cerberus Rock, 74 Chain Island, 11 Chalour Bay, 02, 63 Channel Patch, 42 Charlf 8 Cove, 68 Charlea Island and Har- bour, 22 Charlotte Town, 70 Charlottotown, 78, 80 Chasso Point, 27 Chatham, 67 Chatte, Capo and River, 30, 34 Chaudifere River, 58 Chodabucto Bay, 74, 75 Chetican Iwland, 86 Chicoutimi, 33 Chignccto IJay, 66 Clearwater Point, 21, 22 ClifF, Capo, 67 Cliff' Island, 10, 43 Cloudberry Point, I'J Coacoacho Bay, 18 Cobcquid, 07 Cocagne Ilarbour, 65 Cock Cove, 35 Cod Buy, 61 Coddy Point, 81 Coffin Island, 3, 5 Collins Shoal, 22 ColombitT, Capo, 32 Columbine Shoals, 5 Colville River and Bay, 82 Corbeau, Capo, 41, 45 Cormorant, Cape, 26 Cormorant Point & Rocks, 8, 17 Coudro Island, 42 Coudrcs Isbind, 38, 45 Coudres, Isle aux, 41 Cove Island, 16 Coxe, 63 Crane Island & Light, 42, 43, 60 Crapaud. 78 Croix Point, 27 Crooked Islands, 28 Cross Island, 3, 5 Crow Island, 40, 55 Cumberland Basin, 66 Cumberland Harbour, 13 Curlew Point, 19 Dalhousio, 64 Daly Island 1 5 Daniel, Port and Point, 63 Darnby Inlet, 83 Daiipluiie Poini, J'i l>(':iilniiin Island, 4 !'• :m Shoul, 8.) INDEX. Demoiselle Hill, 4 Despair, Capo, 62 Diablo, Cape, 40, 65 Diamonil, Capo, 47 Harbour, 58 D(n'c/(o»*— Brandy Potfi to Goose Island, 64 Oaspe Basin, 60 Green Island to Brandy Pots, 54 Isle Bic to Green Island, 52 St. Lawrence Riv. 48 Sth. Traverse, 55 St. Vallior to Que- bec, 57 Diver Island, 13 Doctor's Point, 82 Dog Bay and Islands, 12 Roeks, 13 Do^s, Capo, 38 Douglas Town, 59 Doyle Islands, 16 Doyle Reef, 6 Eagle, Capo, 7, 38 Harbour, 14 East Cape and Light, 7 —— Island, 5 Eboulumens Ilills, 38 Mt., 40 Eschafaud du Basque, 38 Eddy Cove, 73, 76 Egg Island, and Rocks, 13, 28 Egmont Bay and Cape, 68, 77 Eider Islands, 12 Ellis Bay and Cove, 6, 7 Emery Island and Rocks, 18, 19 English Bay, 31 Point, 28 Enmoro River, 77 Enter Island, 13 Entry Island, 3, 5 Escuminac Point & Light, 64 Esquonum Islands, 33, 53 Esquimaux Bay and River, i), 12 Island k Harb., 23 21 Etam.amu 16 Islands, 11, 12, and River, 9, Fame Point, 30 Father Point and Light, 35 Fin Rocks, 15 Fi.sherman's Bank, 80 Fishery Island, 84 Fish Harbour, 14 , Little, !) Island, 11 Fiizroy Rock, "•' Five Leagues Point nnJ Harbour, 11 Flat Island, 14 Flat Point, 59, 75 Flat River, 80 Flat Rocks, 10 Flower Pot Columns, 24 Flower Pot Rock, 59 Forteau Bay and Point, 9 Fort Rocks, 12 Fox Bay, 6 Fox Harbour, 67 Fox's island, 04 Fox River, Groat, 30 Frigate Point, 33 Fright Island, 23 Garde Rock, 22 Gaspe, Cape and Bay, 30, 69 Gaspe, Coast of, 1 Gaudin Point, 81 Gaze Point, 38 George Bay, Cape, and Lt., 71,85 George Town Har'bour, 8 1 Glasgow, Now, 69 Godbrct River, 31 Goddard Island and Rock, 11 GooJbout River, 31 Goose, Cape, 41, 43 Goose Island and Reef, 42 Governor Island and Shoals, 79-80 Graham Point and Lodge, 81 Grand Bay, 6 Point, 9 River, 82, 83 Rustico Harb., 84 Grande Island, 3't Grange Rock, 18 Grave Point, 81-2 Great Bird Rock, 6 Green Island and Light, 19, 23, 37, 75 Greenly Island, 9, 16 Grenville Harbour, 84 Greve, Granil, 00 Gribanne, Cape, 45 Griffin Cove, 30 (irindstone Island, 3, 4 Grosse Island, 3, 6, 43 Patch, 67 Rock, 41 Guernsey Cove, 80 Gulch Cove, 9 Gulf Shore Settlements, 67 Gull Island, 23 and Ledge, 10 Shoal, 32 Gun Rock, 16 Gypsum Cove, 73, 75 Habitants Bav, 75 Ha-Ha Bav, li /' UuWimand, Car*--, 60 ILiiiiiUon, 63 "_____ Point, 11 mm Rock, 92 Havre Douche, Vi Heart Shoul, b / Heath roiiit,» t . Island, 71, o!' Henry, Cape, 7 Hcu Voint, rf» High Cliff Cape, 7 HighUocfe,? Hill, Port, 8i Hillsborough Ri^e'^' '" HiUshoro- Bay. 68, 7» Hogan, Cape, 76 Holland Cove, 73-4 " Harbour, 83 Hood, Tort, 73, 85 H0B_pUalCape,^^^3 House Harbour, 4 House Islat'd. 1^ Hunting 1«1^,"^' ,f ^ Huntley Hock, (J Idas, Cape, 61 Indian Head, | » ludiun I'oiut, -iA bG Indii.n Hocks. 86 Inhabitant bay, 70 Innian Kock, ( » Iron, Cape, 75 Island Harbour.U . I'oiiit, lo INDEX. LHurent Shoal, 67 Ledges Island, 10 Lennox Island, 8i Levy Point, 47, 4» Linzee, Cape, 8o Lion Island, U L'iBlet, 43 Liverpool, 6b Lobster »ay, 13, -!» Lobster Beach, b-s Logan Point, 70 Long Island, U Long Ledge, 76 Long Point, 2o LongSpitSand,5 Loon Hocks, 19 Lourde Poj^^'^^o Lourdon Beach, 70 Louisa Cove, 59 Louisa Harbour, 16 Loup, Bank du, 40 Lou Road, lb Jack. Cape and Shoal, 72 Joremio IsW, 3%4 jerseym..n Island, -4 Jestico, 73, 85 5£S:^ape.andBay, joli!Mont,20 25 Jones, Point, 10 Jouiiinain, Cape, 66 Just au Corps, 8a Mabou River. 86 McAuslin l8\«n'^> °?>. 71 ^luUkcnzic Point, 67 Mackinnon, Cape, i» Macquoieau Point, 62 Madagascar Rock 73 Madame Pj^"^' ". Madame Id., 4.}, '4 MagdalenWands, 1,3,4 Maldalon River, 30 Magpie Point, Bay, Rivor, 26 Maguacha Spit, 64 MaiUard, Cape, 45 Major Reef, 16 Mai Bay, 41, bl Malpoque. 83 ^ & Miinicougan iia> = k'" River, 31 . „ „¥ l ManicouganPcnin.<.l Munitou River, ^6 Mamnvin Island 27 March Watur, 83 Margaret iBhind, 4, 46^^^^^ Margaret s lail ana 67 61 Millo Vaches, Point and • Bay, 32, 53 River, 24 , ,q 21 Mingan Islands, l.i»'f';,. Mirfmichi Bay and River, Miscou Islanl, 63-4 Mistanoquo IslsiKi. Bay, « Harbour, 9, 13 26 Monckton,66 Moniac Island, H Montague River, 82 Mont Loms Biver, 30 Montmorenci, Falls ot, Monts, Cape de, 2» Monts, Point de, 2. 29 Morandan's Hocks, 47 MortB, Point f^"^' " Moutange W^n^'.f ' ''" Mullogash Point, 68 Murray Bay, 38 Murray Head 4c War., o" Mmr I^land8, 14 MurrRoeks^O p t Jlustpiarro Ri\oruu>* Mutton Island, 14 liamouras^vlslarid,^ Voint, l(.l9,f" Kildare, Capo, V,6 Knoll, The, 81 La Belle Anso, 62 Labrador, Coast of, J Lake Island, 17 L,uge Channel, 24 SlSf id.^^-Koe.. 33, 38 Marguerite Island, 43 Mark Point, U Martin, Cape, 41 Mayliay.62 j^^^,, & Mecattina, t-;apw " Point, 13, U-6 Merigomish.69> 'I MSty*T^'^'■ " _ Islands, lo Mill Creek, 73 , Milk- Vurh-s, Uau i . Nabcsippi River. 21 Kapetcpce Bay, 1* ^ Natashquan Pont, 1, U Natashquan Point ^H..^ N,gataiuu Islands S.H.,iv> Noptune Rock, 46 NostRock.n Neuf Point, 1,3^ Neuf Port and Rl^er,o•> Ne^vcastle, Lower, 65 Newport, 63 Niupisca Island, 23, 2o IJipisiKitBay>/!,9 Noggin Isl'vnd. 39 North Cape, 7, hb North Cape Bocks, 6 North I'f ^l^A'^il, 60 Northumberland btrau, 67, 76 ^ , „, Norwich Bank, 61 Nouvelle Harbour, 64 Oak Island, 67 Oios, Cape aiix, 41 Old Blc Harbour, 35 Old l-'ort Island, 12 Old Harry Head. 6 Old Woman Rock. 6 J oKmanosheebo River, U ()nclle. Pom , 40 Onion Island, 13 (Hignal.C^'Ve. 30 7 • R2 INDEX. 'I U t m B Orlouns, Isliind of, 43, 44, 46 Ottoy River, 36 Oiitarde Point, Bay, and Kiver, 32 Outer Island, 18 Pabos Cove, 62 I'abou and Cove, 62 ralmer Point, 67 I'anmure Island and Uoad, 81 Parsley, Port, 38 Partridge Point, 22 Paapobiac Point, 63 Patience Island, 46 Pavillion River, 8 Peak Point, II Pearl Kcef, 5 Pentecost lliver, 28 Percee llocka, 40 Percival lliver, 77 Perce Islands and Mt., C2 PerilKock, 13 Perroquet Island, Perroquots Islands, 21, 24 Peter, Point, 6i), 01 Potits Islands, 57 I'etite Riviere, 4o Pholan Point, 78 Philip River, i)7 Pictou Harbour, 07 Pictou, Island and Bank, 69 Pierre do Gro.s Cap Reef, 5 Pies, Point, 38 Pilgrims, The, 39, 40 Pilgrim Shoal, 40 Pilicr Boisr, 42 Pilier d'j Pierre, 42 Pillage Bay, 22 Pinettc Harbour, 80 I'inette Shoal, 78 Plaster Cove, 73, 7o Pleasant Bay, 4 PonKpiet Island, 7'- Pond I'oint, 1 1 River, Great, 30 Porcupine Capo, 73, 7o Porpoise Rocks, 13 Portage Buy, 14 Portage Island, 64 Powuell Point, 80 I'rairie Bay, 41 Prennier Shoal, 74 Prestju'lle, 85 Preston's Beach, 65 Price Island, 15 Prim Island and Point, 78, 80 Prince Edward Island, 2, 76,80 Prince Shoal, 33 Piillin Bay, 22 Punwash Harbour and Pt., 67 (iuarry l.Uaiid and Covl, 23 ' Quebec, 2, 47, 58 Quin Island, 23 Race Island, 57 Rag Lodge, 15 Ramsheg Harbour, 67 Rat Island, 43 Rnzade Islands, 3G Razado Rocks, 48, 63 Ruaux, Ho aux, 43 Redhead, 76 Red Island, 33, 34, 37, 53 Red Point, 14 Red Island Bank, 1 Reef Point, 77 Rico Point, 79 Richibucto Harbour and River, 65 Richmond Bay, 83 Ridge Point, 26 Rifleman Reef, 80 Rifleman Shoal, 78 Rimousky Cove, 50 Rimousky Ruad, 36 Ristigouche and Harb., 63 Riviere du Sud, 44 Roaring Bull Point, 70 Robert Cape, 7 Roches Point. 33 Rock Point, 77 Rocks, Bay of, 15, 38 Rooky Bay, 13 Romaine River, 19 Rosier Capo, 30, 48 Rouge, Cape, 45 Rouge Point, 33 Round Head, 14 Royalty Sand & Point, 84 Rozier, Cape and Lt., 59 Rustico Harbours, 84 Saddle Hill, 21 Saddle Island and Reef, 68 Safe Rock, 15 Saguenay, 38 Saguenay River, 1, 33 Sail Rocic, 59 Saiuts Rocks & Clian., 21 St. Andrews Point, 81 St. Anno, Capi . lountaiiis, and Rivi;r, 30 St. Anne's and Shoals, 40 — Augustin Cove, 29 — Augustine Harbour, 9 — Charles Point, 26 — Charles River, 47 — Clair Bay, 9 — Denis, Point, 40, 55 — Eticnuc, Ansc, 64 — Genevieve Island, Mt., and Harbour, 21, 22 — Gi'orgo, Cape, 70, 85 — Ciiles' Point, 31 — Ignace, Cape, 43 — Jaques, 77 — Jean, Anse, 64 — Joachim, Seminairc, 44 — John, Point, 46 — John's Ri\ i.r, 25 St, John's Mount, 21 — Laurent, Point, 44, 57 — Lawrence, Capo k Bay. 86 — Lawrence, Gulf & River, Winds, &c., 1, 2 — Lawrence and Light, 4S — Lawrence Point, 67 — Lawrence River, Tides in the, 47 — Louis Island, 64 — Jlargaret River, 28 — Mark Islands, 16 — Mary Ids. and Reefs, 10 — Mary Rocks, 9 — Mary's CliflFs, 8 — Nicholas Point and Har- bour, 31 — Patrick's Hole, 46 — Paul, Bay of, 41, 46 — Paul Island, 86 — Paul Island, 1, 3 — Peter Bay, Islands, and Point, 64, 84 — Peter's Island, Spit, and Shoals, 79 — Roque Point and Bank, 41, 65-6 — Thomas, 44 — Thomas Bank, 57 — Vallier and Point, 44, 67 Salaborry, Baie do, 15-1(; Salmon, Cape and Port, 38 Salmon Island and Bay, 1 1 Salt Lake Bay, 8 Salutation Head, 78 Sand Top, Cape, 7 Sandj' 1m aeh Point, 60 Sandy Harbour, 13 Sandy Point and River, 26-7 Sault an Cochon, 45 Sault flu Mouton River, 53 Savage Harbour, 80, 84 Sawbill lliver, 20 Scale II' ':, 15 Sea-coal . 'av, 75 Sea Cow Head, 77 Sea Cow Island, 23 Seal Islands, 41, 44 Seal Point, 14 Seal Reefs, 42 Seal Rocks, 60 Sc^a Trout Point, 79 Sra Wolf Inland, S5 .Seminaire Bank, 45 Serpent Rocf, 30 Seviin Islands and Bay, I , 27 Seven Sisters Hills, 83 Sliag Island, 13 Shallop Creek, 8 Shallop River, 26 Shallop Rock, 82 Shecatica Island, 12, 13 Sh(;diae H.irliour, 65, Oli Shiekshoe Mo\iiitain.s, 30 Sheltlc, Port, 3S f . siftl f '37 Hiiy, liiviir, It, 4S V iTidos |f», IG Har- 145 Is, and |)it, and liHtlk, int, It, 5-l(i •ort, H8 I3ay, 11 00 Kivcr, ir, o'S 81 >'iy, I, 13 (iii 30 Ship Iliiilinur, "''■ Shippisan, 4G Shonl Point, 07 Hinwlo Rofk, 1 ") Slime Rock, 17 Smith Island, 8.5 Sonris Head, 82 Southmakers Ledge, 9, IG South Point, 8 South Traverse, 41 South-west Point, 8 Spear Shoal, 67 Spit Head Shoal, 79 Spray Reef, 16 Sproule Point, 28 Staff Island, 16 Stanhope, Cape, 84 Steep Point, 75 Steward Point, 80 Stone Pillar, 42, 65 Stony Point, 10 Sud River, 44 Surveyor Inlet, 84 Swanton Point, 82 Tadousac and Harbour, 33, 54 Tail Rocks, 15 Tatmagouche and River, 67,68 Tender Rock, 16 Tertiary Shell Bay. 18 Three Rivers Harbour, 81 Throe Rocks, 13 Thrumcap Island, 81 INDEX, TigniMh River, H'i /"/(/m— Antirosli, S — ^ Gulf of St. Ti.' wvtnf £', 7G St. Lawrence River, 47 Tormentine, Cape, Co, 6G Tourmento, Cape, 46 Tower Rock, 5 Tracadie, 64, 72, 84 Traverse, Cape, 78 Traverse Spit, 45 Treble Hill Island, 14 Treble Islet, 19 Treen Bluff, 68 Trent River, 75 Trilobete Bay, 22 Trinity Bay, 28 Trinity Cove, 3, 48 Trout River, 26 Tryon, Cape, 84 Tryon Shoals and River, 78 Turbalton Bay and Head, 74-5 Turner, Cape, 84 Two Heads Island, 46 Vaches Point, 33 Venus' Creek, 73 Verte, Bay, 66, 67 Verte Island, 75 Wallace Harbour, 67 Walmsley, 69 Walrus Island, 23 (j. :^ E. St. Lawrence. 63 Walthani Island, 65 Wapitagun & Harbour, IC ■Warren Cove, 79 Wash-ball Rock, 08 Wash-shecootia Bay, 10 Washtawooka Bay, 21 Watagheistic Island, IC Watcheeshoo Hill, 21 Watch Rock, 11, 16 Waugh Shoal, 68 West Point and Light, 7 West Rocks, 27 Whale Chan, and Bay, 12 ^— ^ Island and Gut, 11 Patch, 12 Whale-shed Point, 60 Whelp Rock, 11 White Cliff, 8 White Head, 62 White Horse Reef, 4 White Island, 33, 38, 53 White Sands, 80 Whittle, Cape, 16, 17 Whittle Rocks, 18 Wild Fowl Reef, 32 Wolf Bank, 40 Wolfe Island, 3, 6, 18 Wood Islands, 9, 14, 22, 80 Wood Pillar Island, 42 Wreck Bay, 7 Wye Rock, 44, 67 York River, 76 i*v THE FOLLOWING SEBIES OP NAUTICAL DIRECTOEIES, By ALEXANDER GEORGE FINDLAY, F.R.G.8., Honorary Member of the Sociela Oeogrq/ka Italiana, AKB PUBLISHED BY MR. LAURIE. 14 l.-THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN: A MKMnin Desoriptivn and Explanatory, of that Ocean and its Phenomena; and of its CoastH fmm Northern Europe to Liberia ; its ArohipcTagoea Dnngera, Lighthouses, Winds, Tides, Currents, &c. : with numerous Illustrations. Twelfth Edition, IS69. Demy octavo, 760 pages ...... 14 i2.-THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN: A Description of that Ocean and its Phenomena, including the Coasts of BrHsil, from Para to the Rio de la Plata and to Cape Horn; and of Africa, from Liberia to the Cape of Good Hope, with the Islands, &c. Numerous Illustrations. Sixth EditioHy 1870. Royal octavo, 700 pages 3.-THE INDIAN OCEAN ; With Descriptions of its Coasts, Islands, Sec, (torn the Cape of Good Hope to the Strait of Sunda and Western Australia ; including, also, the Red S^a and Persian Gulf; the Winds, Monsoons, and Currents ; the Pas- sages from Europe to its various Ports, and the Port Regulations and Charges ; Indian Money, Weights, and Measures, &c. In one thick volume, 1,100 pages. Royal octavo, with numerous Illustrations ..,, 4.-INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, CHINA. AND JAPAN, From the Straits of Malacca and Snnda, and the Passages East of Java, to Canton, Shanghai, the Yellow Sea, &c., with Descriptions of the Winds, Monsoons, and Currents, and General Instructions for the ' various Channels, Harbours, &c. In one thick volume of 1,100 pages. Royal octavo, with numnrous Illustrations 5.-THE JAPANESE ARCHIPELAGO. Royal octavo, 100 pages 18 1 8 3 6.-THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN; With a Description of its Coasts and Islands between Cape Horn and Panama, New Zealand and Australia ; its Winds, Currents, and other Phenomena, with Instructions for the Passages between its various Ports, &c. Illustrated by Diagrams and Maps. 90*' pages. Royal octavo. t/i ird Edition -s 7.-THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN; With Descriptions of the Coitsts lietween Panama and the Sea of Japan, and of the Islands North of the Equator, including the Japanese Archipelapro, with its Wind.". Currents, Paasacfcs, &c. One vol. royal octavo, 1,000 page?, with nunionms Illustrations 1 1 1 4 8.-LIGHTH0TJSES OF THE WORLD: A List and Description of the Lighthouses of the World, giving their Position, Appearance.s, and the Character of their Liglits. Handsomely bound in cloth. • - 160 i)ag6s 3 .•^upri.F.MKNTs, containing the Additions and Chanp;ea in the Liuhthousi's, will be i^ led free on receipt of the slips accom- panying the Look for i: ..■"n year.