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''/ /-V fs% M '"-^/^.^^ Jtoufiffeuief iifihe old wards dtf ofdi* nmr do .._ PnfftctJtd Streets t^ ^ yt .4' ,^' ,-^.k ■^ettevftn-d Cove of the lOO c too F^- -f ■ I I I .!■ I II I I -I r R « N e M MO KM CiP"! < I BMIII ir tCcni theSou&emDMtricl ofNowYoifc t N e L I • N Entered according tu aa Art of Ae Ptovii -^^ ^ ^. [ig «?■>■ r€>RfcJ^ORPCM»An By tlieir Obedient Sei'VMnl dLJfJtED jffAH'KL Si 1S45. fonrOeff to tUUr by Jos.Eamfl Esq. fily Siinryor. \ I II I. I I ■' " II I -L rncNCM rcKT 1 I r I J aooo, > I tNOLItN FEET nt««dacc«Hlin8toaiiArtof«iePtovtoridVMti»mimtTOflv y , 1B4» liy Alfred HaA«riua m the Office of m^ R^ftimrar nf tti^ Vr.nnnoe of > u,ada >' ../ If' t i; ■*'"" ti / 1 J \-\v .».u ■'fy 'i i , P ^•■|€: U: ■• -v -'(("Oli' / .?^;'' i (4 m # ,1'tf mrct % I') «lij);lu^V' p -4 8, l':v: i I. i- 1 1 IS 'i ] ^M M ft it rf* ^^ l^i i i: r i •I'f.;^'-' ■ QI S CAREFU PSOMT / ■1 '-/'. THE QUEBEC DIRECTORY AND STRANGER'S GUIDE, TO THE mTE & iii[^itm®H§. ' 1844-5. BY ALFRED HAWKINS, CAREFULLY COREECTED ^T THE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS k OFPICES, It 1 ,1 QUEBEC: 1844. Entered accurdinp; to an Act of the Provincial Parliament in the year One tiiousaind eight hundred and Fobty-four by Al- fred Hawkins, in the Ollice of the Registrar ol the Province of Canada. V ::.' y o .5 Ill tlic Aj.- ice of I ' 1 1 ^■2L^c5 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Strangers Guide to the City and Environs 183 Sketch of the City — its ancient appearance ^c,. . 184 190 The Citadel— Cape Diamond, 191 194 Fortilications within the City — its extent — Gates, Ramparts — parade ground &c., 194 200 Relivli< has just commenced Inisiness in that lino. TJie ^Iaxsion. Boarding House, i)lcasantly situated near the Gran*! Battery is kept by Mil. IIoloate. There are also seve- ral Taverns and l)oardinu' Houses, where tlie public cau find aecomnKxlation according to their taste iind mtaiis. In the Lowei' Town will b(^ found several large Hotels. The Ottawa, kept by Mr. Uichard ^Ieiuam, is situa- ted in Sault au Matelot Street and accommodates u large number of l)usiness m(>n ehieflv connected with tin extensive and growing timber trade of the Port. TIk LoNDOX Coffee House, in the Cul de Sac, is aii extensive establishment kept by Mil. McLeax. Tin.' Globe Hotel in St. Peter Street, bv Mil. Millek. And the St. Lawrexce, by Mrs. Proudly in the sam( Street, oiler a choice of residence to tlie stranger. Ii. this part of the town also, will bo found several Tavern'- and Boarding Houses, Convenient Cabs and Caleches will be found on tlic arrival of the Boats to convoy visitors to their respective Hotels, porters from -whieh will be generally in atten- dance. The principal Seat of British dominion in America, cannot be approached by the intelligent stranger with- out emotions of respect and admiration. It is situated on the north-west side of the great River St. Lawrence in latitude (Wolfe & Montcalm's Monument) bv Meridian Altitude 46° 48' 30'" N. and Longitude West of Greenwich 71° 17' OO''— There stands Quebec, formerly the Seat of the French Empire in the West ; purchased for England by the blood of the heroic Wolfe. I . 1 (I AND ITS ENVIRONS. 185 A oomniodious harbor, which can allbrd sate an- chorage for several fleets — a inagniticont river whose banivs arc seciirod hy sfteep Clitls — a position on a lofty rock, which hid-j defiance to external violence, together with extraordinary boanty of .scenery, are some of the natural a I ! I ■ \ r ' I rsG STR.\NGER*S GUIDE TO QUEBEC ing the highest elevation of Csk])0 Diamond, that he is standing upon the margin of the primeval and intermi- nable forest, extending from a narrow selvage of civili- zation to the arctic regions, he will admit that the posi- tion of Quebec is unique in itself, and that in natural sublimity it stands, as to the cities of the Continent, iniri vailed and alone. The settlement of colonies has always been a subject of deep historical interest and research. Their success- ful establishment has, indeed, been attended with tlie happiest results to mankind. By them new worlds have been peopled — languages perpetuated — commerce extended, and the art of navigation brought to its pre- sent state of perfection. The blessings of true religion have been communicated to man, redeemed from his sa- vage state ; while cities and turretted walls have sup- planted the solitude of the desert and the forest, or ta- ken the place of the primitive caves and wigwams of the aboriginal inhabitants. By colonies the face of the earth has been cultivated, and the produce of the soil rendered the means of subsistence and social happiness. The principal design of the French settlements in Canada, — after the trade in peltry had proved sufficient- ly attractive to the associated merchants of France, to induce thorn to maintain their property in the country — was evidently to propagate the Christian religion as professed by the founders of Quebec, to tamo and civi- li: . ^he heathen and to bring him to the worship of the true God. It was a common saying of Chaj^iplain, " That the salvation of one soul was of more value than the conquest of an empire V The next object was of a more mundane and political complexion, namely, to ac- quire a preponderance on the American continent hv means of their priesthood, — and through the influence which gratitude for their services had procured them among the Indian tribes, to whos^ temporal and spiritu* :M AND ITS ENVIRONS. 187 M al wants they had rendered themselves nearly equally necessary, and whose affections they left no means un- attempted to engage and retain. This policy, long acted upon, influenced every part of their system. It extended even to the character of the earliest edifices w^hich they erected in this country. Tlie only permanent buiklings were those devoted to the purposes of war and religion. The irregularity of the lines of the dillerent streets in Quebec is attributable to tlio same remote cause. Any one who examines the site of the city will perceive at once, that the greater por- tion of the area was occupied from the first by its public buildings. To show this more clearly, let us take a brief survey of the ancient city. ^ The space occupied by the buildings of the ancient Fort, afterwards the Castle of St. Lewis, was very ex- tensive, reaching from Prescott-Gate to the commence- ment of the acclivity of Cape Diamond, and including the large open space where Wolfe & Montcalm's mo- nument now stands. Formerly there were no houses between the Castle and the Cape, and St. Lewis Street was a military road. Immediately in front of the Castle was an esplanade or open space, still called the Place d'ArmeSf on one side of wdiich stood the Church and Convent of the RecoUet Monks. The buildings, with the garden, occuj)ied the whole site on which stand the Court House and the English Cathedral. They possessed the entire area between St. Anne and St. Lewis Streets, and gave the modern name of Garden Street. Not far from the corner of the Place d'Armes, in St. Anne Street, there stands within the precincts of the Church close, a venerable tree, the last relic of those which once shaded the R^coUet Fathers — a touching monument of olden time — perhaps* the last tenant of the primeval forest. Under this tree or on its site, tra- dition relates that Champlain pitched his tent on land- I J '•m (i . t« m i ! ! i; . ir 188 stranger's guide to QUEBEC N ing and taking possession of his new domain. Here ho lived until the habitation, which he was building near the brink of the rock, was ready for the reception of his little band. In the rear of the Recollet Church, at a short distance from it, was the Ursuline Convent, still occupyhig with its garden a considerable space enclosed within St. Anne, St. Lewis and St. Ursule Streets. Beyond the latter were the ancient ramparts of the city. St. Anne Street divided the possessions of the Ursuline Nuns from those of the Jesuits. The Col- lege of the latter stood in a considerable square, now the market-place ; and was surrounded by a garden, planted with lofty and umbrageous trees, extending from St. Anne to St. John Streets. The French Cathedral, occupying one side of this square, and its attached buil- dings covered a space reaching to Fort Street, and was divided from the Place cl' Amies by a road, which was af- terwards Buade Street. At the descent into Mountain Street, the buildings belonging to the French Cathedi'al communicated with the site occupied by the Bishops's Palace and gardens, reaching to the edge of the rock. The ancient Palace is said to be equal to many similar establishments in France. From the French Cathedral to the Grand Battery, the site is covered with the buil- dings and garden of iha Seminary, bounded also by Hope Street, formerly Ste. Famille Street, and St. George's Street. The Seminary garden overlooks the Lower Town, near the place formerly called the Sault- au-Matelot- At a short distance from it are the grounds belonging to the Hotel Dieu, which extend along the summit of the cliff from Hope-Gate, and are bounded irregularly by Palace Street and Couillard Street. The different buildings above enumerated with their spacious gardens, added to flie sites occupied by the magazines, and other government buildings, together with the spa- ces reserved for military purposes, occupied nearly the AND ITS ENVIRONS. 189 r 1 whole of the level ground within the ramparts. It is evident, therefore, that the early inhabitants had no al- ternative ; and were compelled to build in directions leading from one of these public buildings to another, or around their precincts. Those who came to settle in Quebec were, doubtless, attracted by the neighborhood of the different churches, and the protection afforded by the Fort. They erected their small and temporary ha- bitations as near as possible to the convents, whence, in times of scarcity or sickness they received support and medical aid. Hence the winding and irregular charac- ter of some of the smaller streets, particularly of those in the vicinity of the Hotel Dieu and Ursuline Con- vent. The nature of the ground, or rather rock, on which the city is built, effectually prevented any regularity of design. The most level site was the easiest and cheap- est — strait lines were disregarded in comparison with present convenience — consequently, a house was built only where level foundation could best be found ; and those places wdiich were rugged and precipitous were left unoccupied, until some one, more enterprising or with better means, overcame the difficulty, and succeed- ed in establishing his edifice. During the first fifty years after the foundation in 1608, the houses were ex- tremely small, mean and poorly furnished ; partly from want of means, and partly from fear of the Iroquois, whose incursions kept the inhabitants in constant dread, and prevented any expense being incurred in these par- ticulars. Little, however, sufficed for the first colonists : all they required was shelter and warmth during the winter. The summer was passed chiefly in the open air. As an example of the want of furniture and con- veniences in the old habitations, it may be mentioned that when the Hospitalieres arrived in Quebec in 1639, for the purpose of founding the Hotel Dieu, they were { i il. " li ='- ^i i1 i ■ ! m f ;■■■ ? 1 lOO stranger's guide to QUEBEC lodged in a house belonging to the company of Mer- chants, lent to them by the Chevalier de Montmagny, who succeeded ChamplaiN in the government. The house is, indeed, described as having -four rooms and two closets ; but the only furniture in it for the accommoda- tion of these ladies was a rude kind of table made of boards, and two benclies of the same material ! The absence of architectural embellishments must always bo lamented ; but a sufficient apology for the want of sym- metry in the buildings of Quebec, may be found in the peculiar circumstances of the early settlers, and the subsequent history of the colony. The river St. Lawrence, which flows majestically be- fore the town, is one of the greatest, most noble and beautiful of rivers ; and at the same time, the furthest navigable for vessels of a large size, of any in the uni- verse. From its m.outh in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the harbor of Quebec is three hundred and sixty miles ; and vessels from Europe ascend to Montreal, w^hich is one hundred and eighty miles higher up its course. A precipice of naked rugged rock, nearly three hundred feet high, divides the Upper from the Lower Town. The latter, embracing the foot of the precipice, and skirting the base of the promontory to a considerable extent on both sides, is the mart of foreign trade and and the principal place of business. It is built on ground made partly by excavations from the rock, or re- deemed from the water ; and contains numerous and convenient wharfs and store houses, for the accommoda- tion of trade and navigation. The channel before the town is rapid — its breadth is about eleven hundred and thirty four yards. The depth of the river opposite the city is about thirty fathoms and good anchorage is every where to be found. The Upper Town presents the pic- turesque appearance of a fortified city — whose houses rise gradually above each other in the form of an am- ii-\ AND ITS ENVIRONS. 191 phitheatre— embellished and diversified by large build- ings and lofty spires, pouring a flood of light and splen- dor from their bright tinned roofs. THE CITADEL. On the extreme left, on the highest point of the pro- montory, is Cape Diamond, rising three hundred and lifty feet above the level of the river, and terminating towards the east in a round tower, whence is displayed the national standard of England. Immediately in the rear is the cavalier and telegraph, and adjoining may be soen the saluting battery. The fortress on Ca^jo Dia- mond, or Citadel of Quebec, is a formidable combina- tion of powerful works ; and >vhile it is admitted that there is no similar military work on this continent, it has been considered second to few of the most celebra- ted fortresses of Europe. It has frequently been called the Gibraltar of America ; and it is, indeed, worthy of the great nation, whose fame and enduring renown are reflected in this chef d'wuvre of nature and of art — constructed at the expense of Great Britian for our de- fence — at once a monument of her own powder, and a pledge of protection to one of the most valuable, al- though remote, possessions of the British Crown! Que- bec is one of the strongest and most distinguished of those " military posts," which are alluded to in the following beautiful passage from a speech pronoun- ced by the Honorable Daniel Webstkr in the Senate of the United States, which we extract as peculiarly applicable to our subject; and as deriving weight and interest from the splendid talents and long established fame of the eloquent orator. Mr. Webster eloquently describes Great Britain as " a power to which, for pur- poses of foreign conquest and subjugation, Rome, in the height of her glory, is not to be compared; a power which has dotted over the surface of the whole glob© 'I:i' y.'i !- 1 i * [ * ; i " I ! 1 ^ I tii J i -! M 192 stranger's guide to QUEBEC t; with her possessions and military posts, whose morning drum-beat, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth daily with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." And truly, when we look to our own country, what just cause of pride and dignity do we behold! The halcyon days of peace have long returned — the temple of Janus is, for ever closed — yet, when the storm of war was at the higliest, never did the eagle wing of England soar more loftily, never did her star beam in brighter splen- dor ! Then, amid the ruin and the wreck of demoraliz- ed nations, she stood forth the firm and generous pilot — when others slept, and were worn out with their woe, she ever watched at the giddy helm — ^lier greatness grew with the madness of the gale — her swiftness hung on the wings of the storm — her proud pendants floated aloft — her course was steady — lier track was secure ; and she still pointed to that beacon where peace and salvation showed their hallowed, but expiring flame ! Cape Diamond is composed of dark colored slate, in which are found perfectly limpid quartz ci'ystals, in veins, along with crystalized carbonate of lime. From these crystals, which are certainly extremely beautiful, and sparkle like diamonds, came the name it bears. Profes- sor Sillimax considers the prevailing rock to be of transition formation, from the circumstance of the region on the other side of the St. Lawrence being decidedly of that class. The works upon the summit are nearly complete, according to the most approved laws of forti- fication ; and will richly repay the visits of those who are admitted to examine them, both as to external beau- ty and interior excellence. The approach to the Cita- del, which is nearly two hundred feet higher than the ground on which the Upper Town is situated, is by a winding road made through the acclivity of the Glacis, ',1 ANT) ITS ENVIRONS. 193 from St. Lewis Gate, and commanded every -where by the guns of the different bastions. This loads into the outward ditch of the ravelin, and thence into the princi- }3al ditch of the work, built upon both sides with walls of solid masonry, and extending along the whole cir- cumference of the Citadel on the land and ciry sides. The main entrance is through a massive gate of admira- ble construction, called Dalhousie-Gate. Within the arch gate are the Main-Guard rooms, for a detachment ;md an officer, who are relieved every day ; and in front of it is a spacious area, — used as a parade ground, — or rather an enlargement of the ditch formed by the retir- ing angles and face of the bastion. This is a splendid work, presenting a most august appearance, and combin- ing strength and symmetry wi^'. all the modern im- provements in the art of fortification. It is named Dalhousie-Gate and Bastion, in honor of a distin- guished nobleman and gallant officer. Lieutenant Gene- ral the Earl of Dalhousie, G. C. B. who succeeded the Duke of Richmond, as Governor in Chief of these Provinces, in 1820. In the face of this Bastion are loop- holes for the fire of musquetry from within : on the top are embrasures for the cannon. The loopholes serve also for the admission of air and light into the casema- ted barracks within for the troops composing the garri- son. They are commodious and well adapted both for comfort and safety, being well ventilated, and proof against fire and missiles of every description. These bar- racks are at present occupied by the 2nd Bat. of the 60th (King's Royal Rifles,) commanded by Lieut. Colonel Cockburn. On the top of Dalhousie Bastion is an ex- tensive covered way, or broad gravel walk, with em- brasures for mounting cannon, commanding every part of the ditch and glacis, and every avenue of approach to the citadel. From this elevated spot is obtained a delightful view of the surrounding scenery and the harbor — the ! i ^i '. 1 ' I n 194 stranger's guide to QUEBEC 1^:' whole forming a panorama that has been pronounced by competent judges not inferior in beauty to the cele- brated Bay of Naples. An equally magnificent view is ; also commanded from the summit of the cavalier, on which stands the telegraph, at the eastern extremity of the Citadel ; as well as from the observatory on its wes- tern point towards the Plains of Abraham. Within the Citadel are the various magazines, storehouses, and other buildings required for the accommodation of a nu- merous garrison ; and immediately overhanging the pre- cipice to the south, in a most picturesque situation look- ing perpendicularly downwards on the river, stands a beautiful row of buildings with a paved terrace in front, built of cut stone, and containing the mess rooms and barracks for the officers — their stables and spacious kit- chens. The roof of this building is covered with bright tin, and from its elevated site, it is a beautiful and con- spicuous object from Lorette and the road to Lake St. Charles. ■ -*< ■ Exclusive of the space within the Citadel, whose works occupy about forty acres, the fortifications are continued all round that portion of the city which is termed the Upper Town. They consist of bastions, connected by lofty curtains of solid masonry, and ram- parts from twenty-five to thirty feet in height and about the same in thickness, bristling with heavy cannon — round towers, loopholed walls, and massive gates, recur- ring at certain distances in the circumference. On the summit of the ramparts from Cape Diamond to the Ar- tillery Barracks near Palace-Gate, is a broad covered way, or walk, used as a place of recreation by the inhabi- tants, and commanding a most agreeable view of the fertile country towards the west. This passes over the top of St. John's, and St. Lewis- Gate, where there is stationed a Serjeant's guard. Above St. John's-Gate, at the end of the Street of that name, devoted entirely ii AND ITS ENVIRONS. 195 to business, there is at sun- set one of the most beautiful views imaginable. The River St Charles gamboling, as it were, in the rays of the departing luminary, the light still lingering on the spires of Lorette and Charles- bourg, until it fades away beyond the lofty mountains of BoNiioMME and Tsounonthuan, present an evening scene of gorgeous and surpassing splendor. The city being defended on the land side by its ram- parts, is protected on the other sides by a lofty wall and parapet, based upon the elift' and commencing near the River St. Charles at the Artillery Barracks. These form a very extensive range of buildings ; the part within the Artillery- Gate being occupied as barracks by the Officers and men' of that distinguished corps, with a garden and mess-room. They are much admired for their apparent comfort and neatness, presenting altogether a verv agree- able aspect. The part without the gate is used as ma- gazines, store-houses, and offices for the Ordnance De- partment. These buildings w^re erected by the French before 1750, on the site of others which had formerly stood there. They are of stone, tw^o stories high, well secured against fire ; and are nearly six hundred feet in length, by about forty in depth. Until lately several apartments on the Upper story were occupied as an ar- moury ; and between 30 and 40 thousand stands of arms of different descriptions were there arranged in a beautiful and imposing manner. These have been removed to the Citadel, as their more appropriate place of deposit. Immediately adjoining the Artillery Barracks, and connecting the works on the left with their continuation along the St. Charles, stands Palace-Gate, having a guard-house attached on the right. This has lately been rebuilt, and is the most classical and beautiful of the five gates of Quebec. Though perfectly strong for all pur- poses of defence, it has a light and airy appearance, not unlike in design the gates of Pompeii. It stands at the •M H i\ iiji i I. 14 I I ill t I m ]i 196 stranger's guide to QUEBEC nortliern extremity of a broad and well proportioned street, called Palace-Street, from the circumstance that it led to the Intendant's house or palace, which formerly stood on the beach of tlic St. Charles outside the gate, on the site of the present Queen's wood yard. This building was destroyed during the siege by the American troop!i under General Arnold, in 1775. From Palace- Gate the fortifications are continued along the brow of the cliff overlooking the mouth of the St. Charles, until they reach Hope-Gate, a distance of three hundred yards. A broad and level walk divides the outward wall from the possessions of the community' of the Hotel Dieu. The wall near Hope-Gate and guard-house is looj)holed for musquetry ; and aU the ap- proaches are commanded by the works, which here pre- sent a lofty and formidable appearance, projecting over the rugged cliff. On the St. Charles side, midway be- tween it and the gate, a very picturesque view of the rock and the works may be obtained. At Hope-Gate commences the graii(.'ss of tho ascent, heavy huitlicns nvo (ionvovod up tho hill with coinparativoeaso, hy the hanly little liorsos of Noruiau breed, generally cmploved l>v tlie carters. Having thus made the circuit of the iortitlcations, it is necessarv to notice the ditlenint harracks an ,! AND ITS ENVIRONS. 205 with a mutual exchange of gfood offices and prayers." On the 21st October, 1686, on the Fete of St. Ur- sula, and during the performance of High Mass, the Convent caught fire, and was a secoiid time burned to the ground, without any conjecture as to the manner in which the accident originated. Nothing was saved from the rapidity of the flames, neither provisions or linen, or any other clothing than that in use at the time. Once more the Ursulines took refuge with the Hospitalieres, who received them as kindly as before, to the number of twenty-fiv ; and they again remained for the space of three weeks under the roof of the Hotel Dieu, receiv- ing every possible mark of attention and commisseration from that Community. In the mean time, such was the utiUty of this Institution, that every one took an interest in tlie reparation of the disaster. The Governor and the Intendant, the Jesuits and other communities all contributed by every means in their power ] The rebuild- ing of the Convent was soon commenced ; and a small house was hastily constructed, in which they passed the winter, all the necessary furniture and utensils having been generously supplied by the Hospitalieres. It was singular, that on the very day on which the Ursulines left the Hotel Dieu, accompanied, as a mark of respect and friendship, by the Superior and one or two of the Nuns Hospitalieres, the latter w ere near being reduced to the same extremity as that from which they had re- lieved the Ursulines. One of the Hospitalieres, who had returned much fatigued, after passing the day in assisting the Ursulines to establish themselves in their temporary residence, fell asleep in her cell, leaving a candle burn- ing in the socket, which soon communicated to the fur- niture. Fortunately, the sister whose duty it was to see that all was secure before retiring for the night, disco- vered the accident in time to save the life of the careless Nun, and probably the whole building from destruction. : i ) 1 'I i I > t ] \ : \i tm 20C STRAKGER'S guide Td QUEBEC Within the precincts of the Convent lie buried tlio remains of the gallant Marquis De Montcalm, who was mortally wounded in the eventful battle of the Plains of Abraham, 13th September, 1759. A few years ago a plain marble slab was placed in the Ursuline Chapel to the memory of this brave but unfortunate soldier, by His" Excellency the Lord Aylmer, Governor-in- Chief of those Provinces. The following is the simple inscrip- tion upon this sLab : Honneur a Montcalm ! . Le destin en lui derobant La Victoire, L'a recompense par Una Moit Glorieuse ! The community of the Ursulines consists of a Supe- rior, fifty professed Nuns, and six novices. Their rules are rigidly exclusive, and their Convent is not open to public inspection, beyond the Parloir and the Chapel, It is in its interior neat, well arranged, and tastefully decorated. The Nuns are devoted to the instruction of young females in useful knowledge, and ornamental edu- cation when required ; their school has long been es. teemed one of the best in the Province. The paintings executed by themselves are much admired : their em- broidery and fancy work are sold at high rates. The proceeds of the skill and labor of those Nuns go to aug- ment the common stock, and enable them to extend their usefulness without diminishing the fixed property of their community. The Ursuline Chapel contains the following paintings icUch mtty he examined on application to the Chaplain. 1. Over the Grand Altar, The Birth of Immanuel. Luke ii, — By Vigneaxi, AND ITS ENVIRONS. 207 2. Above the Eastern Altar, The Saviour exhibi- ting his Heart to the Religieiises. — By Le Sueur. 3. Opposite, — The Virgin Mary, and the Young Child. 4. Redemption of Christians captured by the Alger- ines. By Restaut, 5. Louis XIII. of France, and the first Royal Gover- nor of New France, ^t ith a Tablet of the then existing Bourb*" I Family. An Allegorical Representation of Canada. 6. In the side Altar, the Communion of St. Jerome, a copy from DominichiciOf in St. Peter's Church at Rome. 7. Jesus Christ sitting down at meat in Simon's house Luke vii. A Painting of high merit and great value. — By Champagne. 8. The miraculous draught of Fishes. Luke vi. — By De Dieu. 9. The parable of the wise and the foolish Virgins. Matt. XXV. — Florence. 10. Full length Portrait of the Saviour, in the atti- tude of Preaching. — By Champagne, The Paintings within the Convent are not open to tlie Public. I j h 1 J THE SEMINARY OP QUEBEC. This highly useful and meritorious establishment was founded and endowed by Monseigneur De Laval de Montmorency, first Bishop of Canada, in the year 1633. It was intended at first chiefly as an Ecclesiastical Insti- tution, with a few young pupils who were educated here for the ministry. At the extinction of the Jesuit^* Or- der, the members of the Quebec Seminary, although the institution was in distressed circumstances, threw open its doors to the youth of the country generally. Profes- sorships were established, and all the ordinary branches R ■f'i ■♦ 208 stranger's guide to QUEBEC ■i ;i |- of literature and science began to be taugbt. The buil- dings were twice burned to the ground, during the lite of its venerable founder, who had resigned his Bishopric, and retired to the Seminary ; where he spent the last twenty years of his useful and pious life ; he died on the 6th May, 1708. The authority of the Seminary resides in a Board of Directors, five or seven in ninnber, one of whom is Supe- rior, elected triennial! V. The other officers are the Su- perior's two assistants, the Procurer, a director of the theological department, or Grand-Seminaire, the two directors, or rather, the director and princii)al Prefct des Etudes of the College, and the Steward, Assistant Procureur. All tliese, except the last, are appointed yearly by the Board of Directors. Besides the five or seven directors, there are, or may be, several aggregate or associate members of the establishment. The members of the establishment receive no emolu- ments, they consecrate themselves, gratuitously, to olio of the most arduous as well as of the most meritorious works, the education of youtli. All the Institution gua- rantees to them is '' food and raiment," in sickness and health, they make no special vows, hence they are at li- bertv to leave the Institution, whenever health or anv other important cause requires it. Except the Superior, the Procurer and Assistant-Prociireur, they are all com- monly engaged in teaching either divinity or the sci- ences. The branches of education taught are chiefly French. English, Latin, and Greek ; Geography ; Arithmetic ; ancient and modern History, both sacred and profane ; Latin poetry ; Belles- Lettres, Rhetoric, and a very ex- tensive course of Philosophy, which includes Logic, Me- taphysics, Ethics, Algebra, Geometry, occasionally Conic Sections, Astronomy, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Architecture, &c. ; to which must be added lessons in AND ITS ENTIRONS. 209 Natural Hist or}', Mineralogy, Geology, Drawing, Music, &c. The annual public exercises are very splendid and in- teresting, they are attended by crowds of the most res- pectable citizens. The commencement or vacation takes place about the 15th August. The pupils return at the expiration of .six weeks. The funds of the Seminary hardly suffice for its sup- port. It has, however, by means of long and strict eco- nomy, and still more by large sums of money arising from the sale of property given to the Institution by se- veral rich individuals in France, previously to the French Revolution, and partly recovered since the restoration of the Bourbons, been rebuilt upon a much larger plan, since 1820. The Seminary buildings including the Chapel, are di- vided into four wings, three stories, and in some parts four stories high. Three of these wings inclose a spa- cious court, where the pupils spend their hours of recre- ation. The fourth wing, instead of completing the square, turns out at the right angles with the central one, and faces with it a largo and beautiful garden. The lat- ter is one hundred and seventy yards long and two hun- dred broad containing seven acres of ground. It faces the Grand Battery and overlooks the harbor. It includes several rows of planted fruit trees, lilachs, &c. ; a hocage of forest trees, and a terrace from which the view of the basin and the surrounding scenery is most magnificent. The whole length of the Seminary buildings on three of its sides is seventy yards. The fourth wing is fifty yards long. They are in width forty-two feet, except the old or central wing, which is only thirty feet wide. The interior is traversed at each story by immense cor- ridors leading to the halls, dormitories, refectories, class- es, apartments of the Priests and of the Bishop, who un- i ' \\i M*. 210 stranger's guide to QUEBEC • i til the erection of the new Palace is completed, resides in the Seminary. In the Bishop's antichamer are sus- pended the portraits of his twelve predecessors. The Chapel of the Seminary, the vestibule of which is at the grand entrance to the buildings from the Ca- thedral and Market Square, contains the best collection of paintings to be seen in the country, of the French school and by eminent masters. 1. Th(i Saviour and the Woman of Samaria at Jacob's Well. John, iv. — Lagrence. 2. The Virgin ministered unto by the Angels, who are represented as preparing the Linen Cloth for thv; Child Jesus. — By DeDiett. 3. In the Wing, a large figure of the Saviour on the Cross, at the moment described by the Evangelist. John :xix. 30. — By 3Ionet, A smaller figure is suspended on each side. 4. At the entrance. The Egyptian Hermits in tlie Solitude of Thcbais. — By Guillot. 5. Next the Wing, The Terror of St. Jerome at tlu' I'ecoUections of a Vision of the Day of Judgment. — Bi/ D'Hullin. 6. The Ascension of the Lord Jesus. — By the Cham- jyagnes. - * 7. The Saviour's Sepulchre and Interment. — ByHutin. 8. Above the Altar, The Flight of Joseph to Egypt. Matt. ii. — By Vanloo. 9. Immediately above. Two Angels. — By LeBrun. 10. The Trance of St. Anthony beholding the Child Jesus. — By Panocel d'Avignes. 11. The Day of Pentecost. Acts ii. — By the Cham- pagnes. 12. Peter's deliverance from Prison. Acts xii. — Bi/ Chas.Dela Fosse. 13. At the entrance of the Wing, Another view of the Hermits of Thebais. — By Gxdllot* AND ITS ENVIRONS. 211 14. The Baptism of Christ. Matt. iii. — By Claude Guy Halle, A small figure is also suspended on either sifle. lo. St. Jcroiuo Wi'itincf. — By the Champagnes. 16. Tlie Wise Men of the K:ist adoring the Saviour. Matt. ii. — By Bourieu, A very beautiful a]).artmont, adorned witli modern Lmic columns, is the congregation hall, or interior Cha- pel of the Students. The Library contains about 9000 volumes. In the Philosophical Cabinet are to be seen a very valuable collection of instruments, which is rapidly increasing : a number of antirpiities, and Indian utensils, a small mineralogical cabinet, composed at Paris under the direction of the celebrated Abbe Haiiy, some geolo- gical specimens, fossils, petrifactions, &c., numerous spe- cimens of the precious and other ores from South Ame- rica, shells, insects, and an imitation of the falls of Ni- agara. THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. Previously to the foundation of the General Hospi, TAL, there had been established at Quebec since 1688- an office for the relief of the poor, Bureau des Pauvres, to which every colonist and community was bound to furnish an annual sum, to be expended under the man- agement of Trustees. The revenue of this office amount- el to tTro thousand livres a year, which were sufficient at that ^ime to relieve the helpless poor, and to prevent mendicity, which was not tolerated. The country par- ishes in the same manner provided for the maintenance of their poor. The Bishop, having undertaken to relieve the city from the support of its helpless and infirm poor, obtained the junction of these funds with the revenue of his o^vn foundation ; and the trustees of the Bureau des Pauwes, were chosen also administrators of the General Hospital, * 'H f ; I' \i .1 212 STE.VN0ER*8 GUIDE TO QUEBEC i I The foundation was at first under the charge of tlio sisters of the congregation ; but afterwards, in 1692, not without great objection on their part, it was i)laeed un- der the care of the HosjntaliereSf receiving from the com- munity of the Hotel Dieu its Superior, and in all twelve professed Nuns. In 1701, the Nuns of the Generaf^ Hospital wei'o made a separate and independent com- munity, and are so at the pnvsent day. Tlie General Hospital is at present a Nunnery, governed by a Superior, having about 50 professed Nuns, a few No\'iees and Postulantes. The whole ap- l)earanee, both external and internal, of this Hosjutal is regular and pleasing ; while the general arrangement and economy are highly creditable to the institution. Its front is two hundred and twenty-eight feet long, its form nearly square. The main building • is thirty three feet deep, but on tlie south-west side, a range of one hundred and thirty-feet in breadth. The Chapel is veiy neat, and has a gallery communi- cating with the Hospital, for the use of the indigent siek. A separate house is appropriated to the reception of tlie insane, the Province, however, requires an establishment on a larger scale for these unfortunates. The means of the General Hospital, from its unre- stricted character, have been found inadequate to defray the expenses of the establishment, and the deficiency is occasionally supplied by grants from the Provincial Par- liament. The Nuns are distinguished for the manufacture of Church ornaments, and for their skill in gilding. The produce of the sale of these works becomes part of the general fund of the Institution. THE hotel dieu. In 1636, the Duchesse d'Aiguillon, niece to the fa- mous Cardinal De Richelieu, resolved to found an Potel Dieu in Quebec at her own expense. She was 1 AND ITS ENVIRONS. 213 however, liberally assisted by her relative ; an«l during their joint lives, they continued to testify their kindness and affection towards the foundation. The Chapel was consecrated on tlio 16th March 104(1, an occasion of great joy to the little community, which consisted at this time of only five professed Nuns, a Chaplain, four boarders, a female domestic and seven laboring men. During tliis year they successively ad- ministered relief to forty six natives of l^'ance, and one hundred and twenty savages, some of whom remained five and six months in the Hospital. The i)resent edi- fice is a substantial and capacious building, tliree stories high, standing between Palace-Gate and J lope- Gate. Every medical care and diUcato attend: ncc is hero gratuitously afforded to the afflicted poor by the reli- dous communitv. The Church is simple and plain, It-ving a ^ew ,'aint- ings which may bo seen on proper applica; >n to the Chaplain. Tlirco or four pictures are sta od to be ori- ginals, as the 1. The Nativity of Christ. Luke ii.- -By Stella. 2. The Virgin and Child. — By Coypel. 3. The Vision of St. Thcrese. — By Manageat. ^ 4. St. Bruneau wrapt in meditation. — By Le Sueur. In the Chaplain's Room, The Martyrdom of two Priests, Broba?uf, and a young Missionary,. Lallemand. This Painting merits notice, as illustrative of the perils and sufferings of the original European settlers of Ca- nada. In the winter of the y^^v 1649, the Indians assailed the Chapel of the Jesuit M-^ onariesat Three Rivers. The Society at that period numbered seven members. Two made their escape, one of whom was subsequently found in the woods cr vagealed in a devotional attitude, and the other was diiscovered prostrate, frozen on the ice of one of the rivers. I ! I fjt '.i. / % i'r ii 214 stranger's aUIDE TO QUEBEC ^-ii' The«priest Daniel and his brother were shot, as they fled out of the Chapel then in flames. Another of the fraternity namelation to remove the present and er«ct a larger edifice in the sanio place. They have also a smaller Chapel in St. Lewis Sub- urbs, called the " Centenary Chapel." There are three Sabbath Schools connected with these Chapels, and the numbur of children attending each, with the attention they give to the instruction with which they are furnished, alibrd much encou^ agemcnt to those by whom they are conducted. THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. Is situated near Prescott Gate, on the site of the an- cient Palace of the French Bishop, and commands an extensive prospect towards the north, with a delightful view of the basin, and of Pointe Levi. The Literary and Historical Society occupy extensive apartments in this building, which with its Museum is open to the public daily, from .1 to 3, p. m. The Quebec Library Association, and the Mechanics* InstUnte have also commodious apartments within the building. THE COURT HOUSE. This edifice is built of <;jrey stone, plain and sub- stantial, standing within an area inclosed by an iron railing, and is one hundred and thirty six-feet long, by forty-four feet broad. The roof, like that of most of the public buildings, is covered with tin. The approach from St. Lewis Street is by a double flight of stone steps leading to an arcade, or vestibule ; from which are pas- sages leading to the rooms below, and wide staircases to the Courts above. Immediately in front of the lower story, and facing the arcade, is the chamber in which , ;: i, ' \ \ r ■ ^ 224 StilANQEU's GUIDE TO QUEDEC I I: I the Court of Quarter Sessions is held. On tlio right are the Police Office, the Justices* Room, uiid Grand Jury Room. On the left, the OtHces of the Pro- thonotary of the Court of Queen's Bench. On the upper floor is the Court op Queen's Bench, fitted up in an ap- propriate manner, with a gallery for spectators. luinio- diately behind the Bench, as in the Quarter Sessiouis' Room, are the Imperial Arms. To the left of tlio Court of Queen's Bench, are the Judges' Chambers, and the Court of Appeals ; and on the riglit, the Vice- Admiralty Officfi, and the Advocate's Wardrobe. The Court of Vice-Admiralty is generally lield in the Quarter Sessions' Room. In the basement are kept tlie the records of the Courts. the jail. The present Jail was erected during the administration of Sir James Craig, and was first occupied in 1814. The cost, to the amount of £15000, was defrayed by a vote of the Legislature. It is one hundred and sixty-feet in length, by sixty-eight feet in breadth. Behind it, in a separate building, is the House of Correction for fe- males ; and between the two is the court yard (5^ the prison, in part of which the inmates are allowed to take exercise uiuler certain regulations. MONTCALM HOUSE. A little to the west of Hope-Gate, within the Fortifi- cations, and immediately adjoining the termination of the garden wall of the Hotel- Dieu, looking towards the north-east, stands the building once inhabited by the brave Marquis de Montcalm. It is now divided into three private residences. The entrance appears ori- ginally to have been through a court yard in the rear ; and as the walls of the building next to the fortifications are very thick, and the foundations massive, it is very AND ITS ENVIRONS. 22; probable that it was once intended for defence on the side looking to the basin. It is at present no otherwise remarkable than as having been the residence of the French General, whose fame the battle of the Plains of Abraham has perpetuated in tlie same scroll with that of his successful and lamented antagonist. THE MARINE AND EMIGRANT HOSPITAL. This building, is situated not far from the General Hospital, on the Bank of the Little Hivcr St. Charles; and nearly opposite to the spot where Jacquks Cautiku first wintered in 1815. The names of the visiting Physi- cians &c. will be found in page 110. EXPEDITION OF 17o9. By the common consent of the world, Quebec is for ever identified with the renown of the two great nations who contended for its possession ; and the history of this period will always be referred to as equally interesting, attractive and important. The varied incidents of tlio expedition — the arrival before the town — the attack of the fire-ships — the fruitless engagement at Montmorenci the bombardment from Point-Levi — the landing under the heights of Abraham — the battle of the Plains — the death of two heroic leaders — the surrender — the subse- quent fight at Sillery — the siege by the French — and the arrival of the English fleet, form a series of spirit- stirring events, which possess the mind of the reader with the eager interest of vicissitude, as they in turn de- velope the great game of war, played by the most skilful liands, and for the noblest stake ! The scone of this he- roic drama, the actors, and the event will be for ever memorable. The tale has been handed down by various writers — but to do justice to the narration it requires the pen of Wolfe himself. If ,:l I I I • -4 r' 'I il I il 22C STHAKOEn's GUIDE TO QUEDEO i We can imac^ino tlio feelings with whicli Wolfe, hav- ing safely landed hi.s army on the '^Ttli Juno, near tho Church of St. Laurent, on the hl*i of Orleai^d, — whore they encamped in one line, abor'* • .\\-<.j from the shore — ])rocecded t(3 the west end of the Island to reconnoitre the position r)f the enemy. It must bo confessed that the view he then beheld was most magnilicent and impo- sing. Amidst the native beauty of the scenery, the French army presented its formidable front, extending along tlie slooi)ing ground upon the north shore, and occupying tiie heights of Boauport from (Quebec on the right, to the cascades of Montmorenci on the left. The village of Beauport rose in the centre, among the battalions of old France — the right rested upon the St. Charles, with the beautiful villaue of Cliarlesbourg in its roar — the left ex- tended to tho chasm at the Falls. The whole front wa?! entrenched, and protected from the English cannon — while all accessible points along the shore wore occupied .and defended by batteries, and by every mcnns which the science of war provides. 15eyond the right, a bridge had been thrown over the River St. Charles, in order to communicate with the town and garrison. This was pro- tected by tctcs du pont and strong works at each end, as well as by two batteries, of eight guns each, mounted upon hulks, >unk in the channel. The enthusiastic spirit of Wolfe must have comprehended all the strength of this position, and all the glory of surmounting it, nor could his gentle and highly cultivated mind have been insensible to the extreme beauty of the scene, the tran- quillity of which his operations were so innnediately to disturb. The French army was composed of about thirteen thousand men, six battalions of which were regulars, and the remainder well disciplined Canadian Militia, witli some cavahy and Indians. The right was under the command of Brigadier General tho Baron do St. Ours, / AND ITS ENVIRONS. 227 the centre of Brigadier General De Sonezort^uos, and tln^ left of M. Ilorbin. Tlie garrison was eonii )\nded by M. L)e Uamozay. Although the Fleet had safely arrived at thr place of disembarkation, no sooner were tin; troops on .shore than it met with one of those storms of wind and rain whieh are fre([uent in the River St. Lawrence. The hurricane was of such violence as to do great danuige to the trans- ports and boats of the fleet, by tiieir driving on board each other. It being absolutely necessary for the combined opera- tions of the two services, that the English sIkjuKI possess tlie command of the basin. General MoncktoV, second in command, was detached on the night of the 29tli, with four battalions, with orders to land at Beaumont, and to clear the south shore from that village to Point L(3vi, which post he was to occupy and fortify — a duty which he accom})lished Avith little opposition. Here he erected batteries and works, the remains of which may be traced at the present day. In the meantime Colonel Guy Carleton, afterwards Lord Dorcliester, establishey ch guard Vergor, enabled he boats division under Brigadier General Townsiiend, which arrived and landed in like good order. General Wolfe was with the first divii>ion, and he was one of the first on shore. On seeing the difficulty of ascending the preci- pice, he observed in a fimiiliar strain to Captain Donald McDonald, a very gallant officer of Eraser's Highlan- ders, who commanded the advanced guard of the light infantry: — "I don't believe thei'o is any possibility of getting up; but you must do your endeavor." The exultation of Wolfe on thus finding himself, with scarcely any loss, on the heights of ABiiAiiAAr, may easily be conceived. After more than two months of so- licitude, the object of his long and anxious wishes was before him — his only remaining liope was that Montcalm would give him battle — of the result he entertained no doubt. The hour of triumph so long sought for, so ea- gerly expected, was at hand — he was determined that day to decide the supremacy of England or France, in America, before the walls of her most important fortress THE battle of the plains of ABRAHAM — DEATH OP WOLFE AND MONTC.iLM. • Any one who visits the celebrated Plains of Abraham, the scene of this glorious fight — equally rich in natural beauty and historic recoll(>ctions — will admit that no site could be found better adapted for displaying the evolu- tions of military skill and discipline, or the exertion of physical force and determined valor. The battle-ground presents almost a level surface from the brink of the St. Lawrence, to the St. Foy road. The Grand AlUe, or road to Cape Rouge, running i)arallel to that of St. Foy, passes through its centre. That road w\as commanded by a field redoubt, a four gun battery on the Englisli left, which was captured by the light infantr}-, as men- tioned in General Townshend's letter. The remains of this battery are distinctly seen near to the present 1 vl h\ 232 stranger's guide to QUEBEC li^' si. ; / race-stand. There were also two other reJouhts, one upon the rising ground, in the rear of Mr. C. Campbell's house — the death scene of Wolfe — and the other towards the St. Foy road, which it was intended to command. On the site of the country seat called Marchmont, at present the residence of Major General Sir James Hope, K. C. B., there was also a small redoubt commanding the inti'enched path leading to the Cove. This was taken possession of by the advanced guard of the light infantry, innned lately on ascending the heights. At the period of the battle, the plains were without fen- ces or enclosures, and extended to the walls to the St. Lewis side. The surface was dotted over with bushes, and the woods on either flank were more dense than at present, affording shelter to the French and Indian marksmen. In order to understand the relative position of the two armies, if a lino be drawn to the St. Lawrence from the General Hospital, it will give nearly the front of the French army at ten o'clock, after Montcalm had deploy- ed it into line. His right reached beyond the St. Foy road, Avhere he made dispositions to turn the left of the Englisli. Another parallel line somewhat in advance of Mr. C. G. Stewart's house on the St. Foy road, will give the front of the British army, before Wolfe charged at the head of the grenadiers of the 22nd, 40th, and 45th re- giments, who had acquired the honorable title of the Louisbourg Grenadiers, from having been distinguished at the capture of that place, under his own command, in 1758. To meet the attempt o^' Montcalm to turn the British left, General Townshend formed the 15th regi- ment en potenccj or presenting a double front. Tlie light infantry were in rear of the left, and the reserve was pla- ced near the right, formed in eight subdivisions, a good distance apart. The English had been about four hours in possession i r I f- A!fD ITS EXVIR0K3. 233 of the Plains, and were completely prepared to receive tliem, when the French advanced with great resolution. They approached obliquely by tlic loft, having marched from Beauport that morning. On being f«^rmed, they commenced the attack with orroat vivacitvand animation, firing by platoons. It was observed, however, tluit their fire was irregular and inotlectivo, whereas that of the English was so well diret'tod and maintained, as to tln'ow the French into immediate confusion. It must be stated, that although the French army was more numerous, it was principally composed of colonial troops, who did not support the regular forces as tirndy as was expected of them. Montcalm on his doatli 1)ed, expressed himself bitterly in this respect. Tlio English troops, on the con- trary, were nearly all regulars of approved courage, well officered and under perfect discipline. The grenadiers burned to revenge their defeat at Montniorenci, and it was at their head that Wolfe, Avith great milita- ry tact placed liimself at the conuncucement of the ac- tion. About e«g*ht o'clock, some sailors had succeeded in dragging up tlie precipice a light six-pounder, which, al- though the only gun used by the Englisli in the action, being remarkably well served, played witli great success on the centre cc>l'nnn as it advanced, and more than once compelled the enemy to change the disposition of his forces. The French had two field ])ieces in the action. The despatches mentu)n a remarkable proof of coolness and presence of mind, on ihe part of troops who had no hopes but in victory, no chance of safety but in beating the enemy, for had they been defeated, re-embarkation would have been impracticable. The English were or- dered to reserve their fire until the French were witliin forty V '.? as. They observed these orders most strictly, bearing with patience the incessant fire of the Canadians and Indians, It is also stated that Wolfe ordered J f ; ^ if 234: stranger's guide to QUEBEC the men to locad with an additional huUet, which did great execution. The two general" animated with equal spirit, met each other at the head of their respective troops where the battle was most severe. Montcalm w^as on the left of the French, at the head of the regiments of Langmdoc, Beame, and Guienne, — Wolfe on tlie riglit of tlie En- glish, at the head of the 28th, and the Louisburg Gre- nadiers. Here the greatest exertions were made under the eyes of the leaders, the action in the centre and left was comparatively a skirmish. The severest fighting took place between the right of the race-stand and the Mt r- telle towers. The rapidity and effect c" the English fiio having thrown the French into confusion, orders were given, even before the smoke cleared away, to cluirge with the bayonet. Wolfe exposiiig himself at the head of the battalions, was singled out by some Canadiini marksmen on the enemy's left, and Iiad already received a slight wound in the wrist. Regardless of t'ais, and un- willing to dispirit his troops, he folded a handkercheif round his arn^., and putting himself at the head of tlie grenadiers, led them on to the charge, which was ooni- pletely successful. It was bought however with the life of their heroic leader. He was struck with a second ball in the groin, but still pressed on, and just as the enemy were about to give way, he received a third ball in his breast and fell mortally wounded. Dear, indeed was the price of a victory purchased by the death of W' r.pE, of a hero, whose uncommon merit was soareely known and appreciated by his country, before a premature fate remo- ved him for ever from her service. He met, however, a glorious death in the moment of victory — .i victory which in deciding the fate of Canada, commanded the applause of the world, ,and classed WOLIE among tlie n\ost celebrated Generals of ancient and modern times. Happily, ho survived his wound ell did &c cacli TC the left of giiedoc, le En- g Gre- ( under md left ig tool; le Miv- lisli fii rs were ciiargo iie head anadiimi •ceeived find nn- korcheif 1 of the as ocni- tlie life ond ball enemv ,11 in his was the <>T.FE, of >wn and e remo- mont of Janada, classed ancient wound AND ITS ENVIRONS. 235 long enough to learn the success of the day. • When the fatal ball took effect, his principal care was, that ho should not be seen to fall. — " Support me," — said he to an officer near him, — " let not my brave soldi* rs see me drop. The day is ours, keep it!" He was then carried a little way to tlie rear, where he requested water to be brought from a neighboring well to quench his thirst. — The charge still continued, when the otHcer — on whoso shoulder, as he sat down for the purpose, the dying hero leaned — exclaiming, "They run! they run!" — "Who run?" asked the gallant Wolfe, with some emotion. — The officer replied, — " The enemy, Sir : they give way every where !" " What ?" said he, " do they run al- ready? Pray, one of you go to Colonel Burton, and tell him to march Webb's regiment witli all speed down to St. Charles River, to cut off the retreat of ijie fugi- tives from the bridge. — Now, God be praised, I die HAPPY !" So saying the youthfid hero breathed his last, lie reflected that ho had done his duty, and he knew that he should live for ever in the memory of a grateful country. His expiring moments were cheered with the British shout of victorv. Such w\is the death of Wolfe upon the plains of Abraham, at the early age of thirty-two years ! It has been well observed, that "death more glorious and it- tended with circumstances more picturesque and interest- ing, is no where to be found in the annals of history." His extraordinary qualities, and singular f.ite, have af- forded a fruitful theme of panegyric to the historian and the poet, to the present day. How they were apprecia- ted by his gallant companions in arms, may be learned by the subjoined extract from a letter written after tlie battle by General, afterwards Marquess, Townsiiend, to one of his friends in England : — " I am not ashamed to own to you, that my heart does not exult in the midst of this success, I have lost but a friend in General r )i <• 1 ■ ( ¥ 23G STRiiNOER*S GUIDE TO QUEBEC I. 'I « i I 'f " 'if f] Wolfe. Our country has lost a sure support, and u perpetual honour. If tho world were sons>iblo at how dear a price wo have purmased Quebec in his death, it would damp the public joy. Our best consolation is, that providence seemed not to promise tliat ho should remain long among us. lie was himself sensible of the weakness of his constitution, and determined to crowd into a few years, actions that would have adorned length of life." The fecHng and affecting manner in which Wolfe is spoken of in this letter, and its elegance of expression, confer equal honor upon the head and heart of the accomplished writer. The spot consecrated by the fall of General Wolfe, in the charge made by the grenadiers upon the left of the PVench line, will to the latest day be visited with deep intersst and emotion. A few years ago His Excellency Lord Aylmer, then Governor in Cliicf, caused a small pillar to be erected on the spot with the following inscription : here died WOLFE VICTORIOUS. This memorial has been sadly mutilated, we trust how- ever, ere long, it will give place to a more enduring memento, such as an iron pillar cast from some of the old cannon, Montcalm received his futal wound in the front rank of the French left, and died at 5 o'clock on the morning of the 14th Sei)tember, he was buried in an excavation made by the bursting of a shell within the precincts of the Ursuline Convent, a fit resting place for the remains of a man \vho died fighting for the honor and defence of his country. The following regiments shared the glories of the day : —namely, the 15th, 28th, 35th, 43rd,' 47th, 48th, 58th, b' AXD ITS EJTVIRONa. 237 GOth, 2nd and 3rd Battallions 78th Frasor*s Ilighlandors, and the Grenadiers of tlie 22nd, 40th, and 45tli. Total of all ranks, including General Officers, 4826, of whom 6L were killed, and 603 wounded. The French force, including Militia, amounted to 7520. The remains of Wolfe were conveyed to England for interment, with all honor and respect, on board the Royal William, of 84 guns. On the 17th November, the body was landed at Portsmouth. During the solem- nity, all the honors that could be paid to the memory of a gallant officer were rendered to the remains of Wolfe. The corps was privately interred at Greenwich on the 20th*. * During our residence in England, in 1841, superintending the engraving of the PUm of the Battle, we were politely permitted by the surviving branch of the family to visit the vault, which is under the parish Cnurch of Greenwich. It was with feelings which we cannot describe, that we placed the key in the door, (over which is inj?cribed on a marble slab, " The Family Vault of Major Gen- eral James Wolfe^ IToi),") disclosing to us the resting place of that illustrious Hero. We were accompanied by a few friends, and two old veteran seamen of Greenwich Hospital who solicited permission. Upwards of Tourscore years had passed away since the memorable victory and glorious death. The vault exhibited to us three colHus, that of the Father, the Mother, and the Son : — we gently wiped the dust from the Coffin plate> and found the following unpretending iuscrJption thereon : — Major General J A M E S W O L F E, Aged 32 Years. ' On the centre Coffin is the following inscription : — Mrs. HENRIETTA WOLFE, Died 26th Septr. 1764, Aged 60 Years. On the Coffin to the left is the following :— The Honble. Lieutenant Genl* E D W A R D W O L P E, Died March 26th, 1769, Aged 74 Te«rf . i \ 238 STRANGEU'S GUIDE TO QUEDEC ' 1 The news of the fnilurc of "^Volfc at ^lontnioronoi, roacliccl England on the morning of t-lio 10th October, it was made known to the public in an extraordinary Gazette of tliat date, und caused a general gloom. The satisfaction witli Avliich they received the glorious accoinits of victory brouglit by Colonel Hale, on the same evening with the publication of tlie Ga/ette, may be well imagined. A day of ]>nbHc thanksgiving was set apart, by authority, for tlie signal ^access of His Majes- ty's arms. The House op C\):mmoxs addressed Ills Majesty to erect a national monument to the memory of Wolfe, in Westminster Abbey, which was carried into eftect, and to this day remains an object of patriotic interest and exultation. Our limits will not permit us at ])resent to extend this interesting subject ; but we will endeavor to do ir justice in our second edition of the " Picture op Quebec, WITH IIiSTOiucAL Recollections.'' His Excellenxy the Right Honorabli: Shi Charles Metcalfe, has been pleased to extend his i)atronage and liberal support towards the undertaking ; and it shall be o\n* care and pride to render it worthy the distinguished honor of his name. In the year 1 827, during the administration of the late Earl of Dalhousie, that patriotic nobleman proposed the erection of a monument in Quebec to the memory of Wolfe and Montc.vlm. A subscription was set on foot, about seven hinidred pounds were collected, and the li- berality of the noble carl supplied the deficiency, This memorial in honor of the two Military Chiefs, stands in The vault was in perfect order and no appearance of decay could be observed on the Coffins, save the ravages of the moth. Not a word was spoken, and all stood uncovered. Before retiring we placed a wreath of laurt^S upon the Coffin, and deposited in the vault a copy of the Quebec Mercury, of 21st November, 1839, containing a list of subscribsrs to our engraving commemorating the glorious victory and death* , , AND ITS ENVIRONS. 230 :)i'onci, ;tobcr, ilinarv lorious on tho ?, niav kvas sot VIajks- 3(1 Ills leniory carried itriotic rndtliib justice UEBEO, LLEXCY jFE, lias Hipport are and r of his 1 of the I'oposed moiy of )n foot, I the li- This ianda in r could be )t a word placed a lit a copy ling a list 118 victory the Government Garden, on the west auhoWes Carrihes Street, and is a (ionspiiMioiis object from tlie River. The Garden is open to the public, and alVords a deli«,d\tful promenade. The Hands of tlio two di.stiiiufuished Hci^n- ments now in the Garrison, are politely permitted co en- liven the scene, durhig at least, two evenin memorable' in the an- nals of the Province. (Quebec is remarkable among North American cities for having been fiv(» times invested by regular forces ; — First, in IGlM), when, in the infancy of the Colony, it f<'U into the hands of the En- glish, — in 1G90, after its iral ca])abilities for defence had been improved l>y the art of fortification, when it successfully resisted th(.' attack of Sir William Piiii'ps, — in 17^0, when, after the battle of the Plains of Abra- ham, it was once more won by England, — in 17G0, wiien having been maintained during the winter, it was unsuc- cessfully besieged by do Levi ; — and lastly, in 177o, when after having been stormed without success — after having sustained a siege and bh^ckade of six months du- ration — the enemy was compelled to abandon his camp in despair. Since that time no hostile banner has been displayed before its walls ; and so long as it is defended by a garrison, loyal and resolute to do their duty — so long as England maintains the glory of her Navy, Que- bec may bid defiance to external attack and foreign vio- lence. May the '•' time honored" standard of Great Bri- tain for ever wave from the battlements that crown this renowned fortress. On the 17th September, 1775, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery who had formerly been in the Bri- tish service, appeared at the head of an army, before the I #. ifv^ ^^a> v^. - ^<^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // & A [/. rf> ^ 1.0 1.25 121 12.5 1^ 12.2 II lllll^ i.4 mil 1.6 I; la am ^ I »£ 12.0 •uuu m I V] VQ V \^- >' ^ ^ /^ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 '^ \ IV i •s? \^ ^\^\ ^ '^" ^0 ^j^ ^«? ^ 240 stranger's guide to QUEBEC 11 If i; I- Fort of St. Johns, Avhich, after a gallant defence, surren- dered on the 3rd November, the garrison marching out with the honors of war. [Montreal, which was entirely defenceless, capitulated on the 12th November ; and Ge- neral Carleton, conceiving it of the utmost importance to reach Quebec, the only place capable of defence, pass- ed, through the American force stationed at Sorel, during the night in a canoe with muffled paddles ; and arrived in Quebec on the 19th, to the great joy of the garrison and loyal inhabitants, who placed every confidence in his well known courage and ability. An expedition of a singulrr and daring character had been successfully prosecuted against Quebec from the New England States, by a route which was little known, and generally considered impracticable. The expedition was headed by Colonel Arnold, an officer in the service of the Congress ; who with two regiments, amounting to about eleven hundred men, left Boston about the middle of September J and undertook to penetrate through the wilderness to Point L^vi, by the means of the Rivers Kennebec and Chaudierc. After passing thirty-t\^o days in the wilderness, they arrived on the 4th November at the first settlement, call- ed Sertigan, twenty five leagues from Quebec, where they obtained all kinds of provisions. On the 9th, Col- onel Arnold arrived at Pointe L^vi, where he remained twenty-four hours before it was known at Quebec ; and whence it was extremely fortunate that all the small craft and canoes had been removed by order of the ofiicer commanding the garrison. On the 13th, late in the evening, they embarked in thirty-four canoes, and very early in the morning of the 14th, he succeeded in land- ing five hundred men at Wolfe's Cove, without being discovered from the Lizard and Hunter, ships of war. — The first operation was to take possession of what had been General Murray's house on the St. Foy Road, and AND ITS ENVIRONS. 241 of the General Hospital. They also placed guards upon all the roads, in order to prevent the garrison from ob- taining supplies from the country. The small force of Arnold prevented any attempt be- ing made towards the reduction of the fortress until after the arrival of Montgomery from Montreal, who took the command on the 1st December, and established his head quarters at Holland House. Arnold is said to have oc- cupied a house near Scott's Bridge. The arrival of the Governor on the 19 th November had infused the best spirit among the inhabitants of Que- bec. On the 1st December, the motley garrison a- mounted to eighteen hundred men — all, however, full, of zeal in the cause of their King and country, and well supplied with provision for eight months. They were under the immediate command of Colonel Allan Maclean, of the 84:th Regiment or Royal Emigrants, composed principally of those of the gallant Fraser's Highlanders, who had settled in Canada. STATEMENT OF THE GARRISON, 1st DECEMBER, 1775. 70 Royal Fusileeis, or 7th Regiment. ' 230 Royal Emigrants, or 84th Regiment. 22 Royal Artillery. 330 British Militia, under Lt. Col. Caldwell. 543 Canadians, under Colonel Dupre. 400 Seamen under ('aptains Hamilton and Mackenzie. \ 50 Masters and Mates. 35 Marines. ' ' 120 Artificers. -, ■ 1800 Total bearing arms. The siege, or rather the blockade, was maintained during the whole month of December, although the in- cidents were few and of little interest. The Americans were established in every house near the walls, more particularly in the Suburb of St, Roch, near the Inten- dant*s Palace. '>^ m; li «!!• 242 stranger's guide to QUEBEC During this anxious period the gentry and inhabitants of the city bore arms, and cheerfully performed the du- ties of soldiers. The British Militia were conspicuous for zeal and loyalty, under the command of Major Henry Caldwell, who had the Provincial rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He had served as Deputy Quarter Master General with the army, under General Wolfe, and had settled in the Province after the conquest. The Cana- dian Militia within the town was commanded by Colonel Le Comte Dupr^, an otBcer of great zeal and ability, who rendered great services during the whole siege. General Montgomery, despairing to reduce the place by a regular siege, resolved on a night attack, in the hope of either taking it by storm, or of finding the gar- rison unprepared at some point. In this design he was encouraged by Arnold, whose local knowledge of Que- bec was accurate, having been acquired in his frequent visits for the purpose of buying up Canadian horses. — The intention of Montgomery soon became known to the garrison, and General Carleton made exery prepara- tion to prevent surprise, and to defeat the assault of the enemy. For several days the Governor, with the offi- cers and gentlemen, off duty, had taken up their quar- ters in the R^collet Convent, where they slept in their clothes. At last, early in the morning of the 31st De- cember, and during a violent snow storm, Montgomery, at the head of the New York troops, advanced to the attack of the Lower Town, from its western extremity, along a road between the base of Cape Diamond and the river. Arnold, at the same time, advanced from the Ge- neral Hospital by way of St. Charles Street. The two parties were to meet at the lower end of Mountain Street, and when united were to force Prescott-Gate. Two feint attacks in the mean time on the side towards the west, were to distract the attention of the garrison. — Such is the outline of this daring plan, the obstacles to AND ITS EKVIRONS. 243 bitants ;he du- MCUOUS Henry itenant Master md had ? Cana- Colonel ability, !ge. le place in the the gar- he was >f Qiie- Tequent orses. — lown to jrepara- It of the :he offi- ir quar- in their 1st De- gomery, to the tremity, and the the Ge- The two 1 Street, Two irds the rison. — tacles to *w» the accomplishment of which do not seem to have enter- ed into the contemplation of the American officers, who reckoned too much upon their own fortune and the weak- ness of the garrison. When, at the head of seven hundred men, Montgo- mery had advanced a short distance, he came to a nar- row defile, with a precipice towards the river on the one side, and the scarped rock above him on the other. This place is known by the name of Pres-de-Ville, Here all further approach to the Lower Town was intercepted, and commanded by a battery of three pounders placed in a hangard on the south of the pass. The Post was en- trusted to D, Captain of Canadian Militia, whose force consisted of thirty Canadian and eight British Militiamen, with nine British seamen to work the guns as artillery- men, under Captain Barnsfare, Master of a transport, laid up in the harbor during the winter. At day-break, some of the guard, being on the look out, discovered, through the imperfect light, a body of troops in full march from Wolfe's Cove upon the Post. The men had been kept under arms waiting with the utmost stea- diness for the attack, which they had reason to expect, from the reports of deserters ; and in pursuance of judi- cious arrangements which had been previously concerted, the enemy was allowed to approach unmolested within a small distance. They halted at about fifty yards from the barrier ; and as the guard remained perfectly still, it was probably concluded that they were not on the alert. To ascertain this an officer was seen to approach Cj[uite near to the barrier. After listening a moment or two, he returned to the body ; and they instantly dashed for- ward at double quick time to the attack of the post. — This was what the guard expected j the artillery-men stood by with lighted matches, and Captain Barnsfare at the critical moment giving the word, the fire of the guns and musketry was directed with deadly precision U I I 244 stranger's GUrDE TO QUEBEC I ! 1^ i against tlie head of the advancing column. The conse- qiienee was a precipitate retreat — the enemy -vvas scatter- ed in every direction — the groans of the wounded and of the dying were heard, but nothing certain being known, the pass continued to be swept by the cannon and musketry for the space of ten minutes. The enemy having retired, thirteen bodies were found in the snow, and Montgomery's Orderly Serjeant desperately wound- ed, but yet alive, was brought into the guard room. — On being asked if the General himself had been killed, the Serjeant evaded the question, by replying, that he had not seen him for some time, although he could not but have known the fact. This faithful Serjeant died in about an hour afterwards. It was not ascertained that the American General had been killed, until some hours afterwards, when General Carleton, being anxious to ascertain the truth, sent an Aidc-de-Camp to the Semi- nary, to enquire if any of the American officers, then prisoners, w^ould identify the body. A field officer of Arnold's division, who had been made prisoner near Sault-au-Matelot barrier, consenting, accompanied the Aide-de-Camp to the Pres-de-Ville guard, nud pointed it out among the other bodies, at the same time pro- nouncing, in accents of grief, a glowing eulogium on Montgomery's bravery and w^orth. Besides that of the General, the bodies of his two Aides-de-Camp were re- cognized among the slain. The defeat of Montgomery's force was complete. Colonel Campbell, his second in command, immediately relinquished the undertaking, and led back his men wuth the utmost precipitation. The exact spot where the barrier was erected before which Montgomery fell, may be described as crossing the narrow road under the mountain, immediately op- posite to the west end of a building which stands on the south, and was formerly occupied as a brewery. The battery extended to the south, and nearly to the river. AND ITS ENVIRONS. 245 We have caused an inscription commemorating the event to be placed upon the opposite rock at Prh-ch-Villc. Soon after the repulse of the enemy before the post at Pres-de-VillCf information was given to the officer in command there, that Arnold's party, from the General Hospital, advancing along the St. Charles, had captured the barrier at the Sault-aii-MateJot, and that he intend- ed an attack upon tliat of Pres-de-Ville, by taking it in the rear. Immediate preparations were made for the defence of the Post against such an attack, by turning some of the guns of an inner barrier towards the town; and althougli the intelligence proved false, — Arnold hav- ing been wounded and his division captured, — yet the in- cident deserves to be commemorated as aftbrding a satis- factory contradiction to some accounts whidi ha\'o a]»- l>eared in print, representing the guard at Pres-cle- Ville as having been paralysed by fear, — the post and barrier " deserted," — and the fire which killed Montgomery merely ** accidental." On the contrary, the ci:?umstan- ces we have related, being authentic, prove that the con- duct of the Pres-de- Ville guard was firm and collected in the hour of danger ; and that by their coolness and steadiness they mainly contributed to the safety of the city. Both Colonel Maclean and General Carleton ren- dered every justice to their meritorious behaviour on the occasion. In the mean time the attack bv Arnold, on the north eastern side of the Lower Town, was made with despe- rate resolution. It was, fortunately, equally unsuccess- ful, although the contest was more protracted ; and at one time the city was in no small danger. Arnold led his men by files along the River St. Charles, until he came to the Sault-au-Matelot, where there was a barrier with two guns mounted. It must be understood that St. Paul's Street did not then exist, the tide coming up nearly to the base of the rock, and the only path between '' f\\ 240 STRiVNGER*S GUIDE TO QUEBEC It the rock and the beach was the narrow alley which now exists in the rear of St. Paul Street under the precipice itself. Here the curious visitor will find a jutting rock, where was the first barrier. The whole of the street went by the name of Sault-au-Matelot from the most an- cient times. Arnold took the command of the forlorn liope, and was leading the attack upon this barrier, when he received a musket wound in the knee which disabled liim, and he was carried back to the General Hospital. His troops, however, persevered, and having soon madi^ themselves masters of the barrier, pressed on through the narrow street to the attack of the second, near the eastern extremity of Sault-au-Matelot Street. This was a battery which protected the ends of the two streets called St. Peter Street and Sault-au-Matelot , extending, l)y means of hangards mounted with cannon, from the rock to the river. The present Custom House, then a private house, had cannon projecting from the end win- clows, as had the house at the end of Sault-au-3Iatelot Street. The enemy took shelter in the houses on each side, and in the narrow pass leading round the base of the cliff towards Hope- Gate, where they were secured by the angle of the rock from the fire of the guns at the bar- rier. Here the enemy met with a determined resistance, wliich it was impossible to overcome, and General Car- leton having ordered a sortie from Palace Gate under Captain Laws, in order to take them in the rear — and their rear guard under Captain Dearborn, having already surrendered — the division of Arnold demanded quarter, and were brought prisoners to the Upper Town. The officers were confined in the Seminary. The contest continued for upwards of two hours, and the bravery of the assailants was indisputable. Through the freezing cold, and the pelting of the storm, they maintained the attack until all hopes of suc^ss was lost, when they sur- I'endered to a generous enemy, who treated the wounded and prisoners with humanity. AND ITS EXVIUOXS. 247 on, from tho Not wounded. The Americans lost in the attack about one hundred killed and wounded, and six officers of Arnold's party, exclusive of the loss at Prvs de Ville, The British lost one officer, Lieut. Anderson of tho Royal Navy, and se- venteen killed and wounded. The following is a state- ment of the force which surrendered, 1 Lieutenant Colonel 2 Majors, 8 Captains, 15 Lieutenants, 1 Adjutant, 1 Quarter-Master, 4 Volunteers, 350 Rank and File, 44 Officers and Soldiers, wounded. 426 Total surrendered. By the death of Montgomery the command devolved upon Arnold, who had received the rank of Brigadier Oeneral. Li a letter dated, 14th January, 1776, he complains of the great difficulty he had in keeping his remaining troops together, so disheartened w ere they by their disasters on the 31st December. L The siege now resumed its former character of a block- ade, without any event of importance, until the month of March, when the enemy received reinforcements that increased their numbers to near two thousand men. A Council of War was called on the 5th of May, and it was determined to raise ti; ' siege at once, and to retire to Montreal. The following fticts relating to the interment, and disinterment of the body of General Montgomery may be relied upon as authentic : — In the year 1818, a request having' been made to the Gov- ernor-in-Chief, Sir John Sherbrooke, for leave to disinter the remains of General Montgomery, in order that they might he conveyed to New-York, and there re-interred. His Excel- lency acceded to the request^ which came to him on the part 248 stranger's guide to QUEBEC of Mrs. Montgomery, the widow of the General. Mr. Thomp- son gave the following aflidavit of the facts in order to satisfy the surviving relations and friends of General Montgomery, that the remains which had been so disinterred after the lapse of forty-two years by the same hand that has interred them, were really those of the late Gone?al. Mr. Thompson be- longed to the army of Wolfe, in 1759. " I, Jamks Thompson, of the city of Qnehec, in the Pro- vince of Lower Canada, do testify and declare — that I served in the capacity of an Assistant Engineer during the siege of this city, invested during the years 1775 and 1776 by the American forces under the command of the late Major Gene- ral Richard Montgomery. That in an attack made by the American troops under the immediate command of General MoNTGOMFiuY, in the night of the 31st December, 1775, on a British post at the southernmost extremity of the city, near Pres-de-Ville, the General received a mortal wound, and ■with him were killed his two Aides-dc-Camp, McPherson and Cheeseman, who were found in the morning of the 1st January, 1776, almost covered with snow. That Mrs. Prentice who kept an Hotel, at Quebec, and with whom Ge- neral Montgomery had previously boarded was brought to view the body, after it was placed in the Guard Room, and which she recognised by a particular mark which he had on the side of his head, to be the General's. That the body was then conveyed to a house, (Gobeit'?,*) by order of Mr. Cra- mahe, who provided a genteel coffin for the General's body, wiiich was lined inside with flannel, and outside of it with black cloth. That in the night of the 4th January, it was conveyed by me from Gobeit's house, and was interred six feet in front of the gate, within a wall that surrounded a pow- der magazine near the ramparts bounding on St. Lewis-Gate. Thctt the funeral service was performed at the grave by the Reverend Mr. de Montmolin, then Chaplain of the garrison. That his two Aides-de-Camp were buiied in their clothes without any coffins, and that no person was buiied within twenty-five yards of the General. That I am positive and can testify and declare, that the coihn of the late General * Gbbert's house was at the corner of St. Letvis and St. Ursule streets, opposite the City Hali^ St* Lewis Street* ^ AND ITS ENVIRONS. 240 Montgomery, taken up on the morning of the 16th of tlio present month of June, 1818, is the identical colfin deposited by me on the day of his burial, and that the present colIin contains the remains of the late General. I do lurther testify and declare that subsequent to the finding of General Mont- gomery's body, I wore his sword, being lighter than my own, and on going to the Seminary, where the American olUcers were lodged, they recognized the sword, which affected them so much, that numbers of them wept, in consequence of which I have never worn the sword since. "Given under my hand, at the city of Quebec, Province of Lower Canada, 19th June, 1818." "JAMES THOMPSON.'' The Tourist will find a ploasinj^ drive to the Plains of Abraham and Carougo ; to the Falls of Montmoronci, and the Natural Stoj)s ; to Point Levi and the Falls of the Chaudiere ; to the Falls of La Puce, about 2 miles beyond Chateau Richer ; the Indian Village of Lorotte ; Lake St. Charles ; Lake Beauport ; and the Village of Charlesbourg. An evening drive through St. John's Gate, along the St. F'oy Road, will afibrd the visitor a truly magnilieent view of the vallev of the St. Charles, and its surround- ing beauties.* In addition to the commanding view of surrounding objects from Cape Diamond we must not omit to recom- mend as deserving particular attention the promenade on the site of the ancient Castle of St. Louis, known as the Durham Terrace. The inhabitants and visitors are frequently afforded an opportunity of witnessing the sj)lendid scenery of the St. Lawrence below Quebec. A pleasure trip to Ha Ha Bay, 60 miles from the mouth of the Saguenay, is de- servedly becoming a fashionable tour and rendered de- • A convenient Pocket Plan of the City and Map of the Envi- rons, [HAWKins'] may be obtained at the principal Hotels and Book Stores of the City. 250 stranger's OUIDE to QUEBEC k^^^ m\ i()p m lightful l)y the elegant accommotlations of the steamers. A regular steam communication is also kept up with Kiver du Loup, a pleasant village and favorite bathing I)lace, about 112 miles below Quebec: Murray Bay and other parishes, and also touched on the way by the steamers. The New Steam Boat, St. Nicholas, Captain Bazilc Demers, runs daily from the Market place to St. Nicho- las, about miles above Quebec : her hours of starting from the Lower Town are 11, a. m. and 5, p. m. From St. Nicholas at G, a. m., and 1, p. m., she runs the dis- tance in about half an hour : an excellent view of Cai)e Diamond and the scenery in the immediate vici- nity of Quebec may be enjoyed from on board, between the hours of 11 and her return to Quebec. The price is exceedingly moderate, being only 4d. each trip. From Domcrs Tavern to the Falls of Chaudiere is a pleasant drive of about half an hour. Another Steamer, Captain Baker's, also runs from the Market place to the Mills at St. Nicholas, about 5 miles higher up the river, at the same moderate price. We have far exceeded our intended limits, and shall close with the following highly attractive extract from the statistical work of the late Colonel Bouchette, for many years Surveyor General of the Province. " The summer scenery of the en virons of Quebec may vie in exquisite beau- ty, variety, magnificence, sublimity, and the naturally har- monized combination of all these prominent features, with the most splendid that has yet been portrayed in Europe or any other part of the world. Towards Beauport, Char- lesbourg, and Lorette, the view is diversified with every trait that can render a landscape rich, full, and complete ; the foreground shows the river St. Charles meandering for many miles through a rich and fertile valley, embel- lished by a succession of objects that diffuses an unrival- AND ITS ENVIRONS, 251 lod aiiiiuation over tho whole seoiio. Th(> throe village^, witli their respective cluirchcs, and many handsome ile- taehod houses in tho vicinity, seated on gently risini? eminences, form so many distinct points of view ; the intervals between them display many of the most strong- ly marked specimens of forest scenery, and the surroun- ding country every where an appearance of fertility and L?ood cultivation, upon which the eye of tiio spectator wanders with ceaseless delight. As the prospect recedes it is still interesting, the land rising in gradations height over height, having tho interval between succeed- ing elevations filled up with primeval forests, until the whole is terminated by a stupendous ridge of mountains, whoso lofty forms aro dimly seen through the an'ial ex- panse. The sense of vision is gratified to the utmost, and tho spectator never fails to turn witli regret from tho contemplation of what is allowed to bo cue of the most su])erb views in nature. **Nor is it on this side only that the attention is ar- rested; for turning towards the basin, which is about two miles across, a scone presents itself that is not the less gratifying for being made a secondary one ; it is on- livened by tho ever changing variety of ships coming up to and leaving tho port. On the right hand, Point- L6vi, with its church and group of white houses, several other promontories on the same shore clothed with lofty trees; and tho busy animation attendant on the constant arvival and departure of ferry-boats; in front, tho wes- tern end of the beautiful and picturesque Island of Or- leans, displaying charming and well-cultivated slopes down almost to the water's odgo, backed by lofty and thick woods, and every where decorated with neat farm- houses, present altogether an interesting and agreeable subject to tho observer. In fine still weather, tho mirage, or reflects of the difterent objects around the margin, in all their variety of coloring, are thrown across the un- 252 stbanoer's oiiide to queuec Ijj M ruffled surface of tnc crater with an almost incredible brilliance. On the Plains of Abraham, from the preci- pice that overlooks the timber grounds, where an inces- sant round of activity prevails, the St. Lawrence is seen rolling its majestic wave, studded with many a sail, from the stately ship down to the humble fishing-boat ; the opposite bank, extending up the river, is highly cul- tivated, and the houses, thickly strewed by the main road, from this height and distance, have the appear- ance of an almost uninterrupted village, as far the eye can reach in that direction. The country to the south- ward rises by a very gentle ascent, and the whole view, which is richly embellished by alternations of water, woodlanc' and cultivation, is bounded by remote and lofty mountains, softening shade by shade until they melt into air. Whoever views the environs of Quebec, with a mind and taste capable of receiving impressions tlu'ough the medium of the eyes, will acknowledge, that as a whole, the prospect is grand, harmonious, and mag- nificent; and that, if taken in detail, every part of it will please, by a gradual unfolding of its picturesque beauties," THE ENP. ^ M I^cavlng Quebec for Montreal, a distance of 180 miles, the traveller will pass the following villages on the north and south banks of the river St. Lawrence. On the South side, miles from On the North side, m lies Quebec, from Quebec. Point Levi St. Augustin 12 St. Nicholas 12 Pointe aux Trembles 21 St. Antoine Les Ecureuils, orBelai re Ste. Croix Cap Sante 30 Lotbiniere Deschambault 45 Deschaiilions Grondincs St. Pierre les Becquets Ste. Anne 60 Becancour Batiscan 6b St. Gregoire 90 Champlain 75 Nicolet 99 Cap de Magdeleine St. Francis Three Rivers ro Yamaska 123 Pointe du Lac 99 Sore I 135 Machiche Contrecoeur River du Loup 112 Vercheres JVlaskinonge Varennes 165 Bertbier 125 Boiicherville 171 Isle du Pas t Lonjrueuil 180 Lanoraie c Lavaltrie St. Sulpice 156 - .1 Repeniigny Pointe aux Trembles 171 Long Point Montreal. 180 m m "\ u ^ % ■ JiJ-^y. i > «... .- 1 5 J ? I ? .-: i •■ - * ■ : • J ■'• '•'< \ - ■ 1 • ' . I' . II u'-i' " ■■ t -• «j it<. ,iU -''n .i;K ^M 'i* , ;; ir. 1. '• •■ .;>, '^'>V, ■ -i 1 "P^SLiiali y*'i «; tt *.'"■'' < »WI*->1*.' ( id' .»» - 1 '. ' ^'•H* ■•■•' V . .?..T..W P .-•.1.1. ,•;■»& i»1* m ? lidMMMMl «44ia *:sL'^ /<' -^Honti M««f^\ •" -tfi'ntrt'Yfl ^> lUf C /oitSLi.ar.. ^, / iiiiiiiniiiininiiii iuTi im III III m m ip- HI rm PI priin ti m !i. t m\