^^, IMAGE EVALUA TFST TARGET (h 1.0 I^|2j8 |50 "^ I.I 112 u |iO 11.25 11.4 4l?^ Photographic Sciences Corporation lAGE EVALUATION =ST TARGET (MY-S) ^ <^ v^,% z & ^ 1.0 I.I I^|2j8 ■ 50 "^ ■ 2.2 Its ■» 12.0 1.8 11-25 111.4 11.6 itographic dences rporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. C C n Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut c 1H CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. productions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tachnical and Bibliofiraphic Notas/Notas tac Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy avaiiabia for fiiming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographicaiiy uniqua, which may aitar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D Colourad covars/ Couvartura da coulaur |~~| Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommagAa D Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raittaurAa at/ou pallicul6a I I Covar titia missing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I ] Colourad maps/ Carter gtographiquas an coulaur □ Colourad ink (i.e. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) □ Colourad plates and/or illustrations/ Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur D Bound with othar material/ Rali6 avac d'autras documents D Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de la marge intirieure D Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAes lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte, mais, iorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas Ati filmdas. D Additional comments:/ Commentairas supplAmentaires: This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ C:i document est film* au taux de rMuction indlqu* ci-dessous. 1GX 14X 18X 22X 12X 10X 20X phic Notat/Notes techniques et bibliogrftphiques ••t of this i. lange alow. L'Institut a microfilm6 la maiilaur examplaira qu'il iui a *t« possible da se procurer. Les details da cet exemplaira qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibllographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une ln^.ss« reproduite, ou qui peuvent exfger une modification dans la m6thoda normaia de fiimaga sont indiqute ci-dessous. black)/ I ou noire) ur r distortion ibre ou de la ure >n may >8sible, these hes ajout6es dans le texte, s pages n'ont D D D y D D D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdas et/ou pelliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d4color6es. tachat^es ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages ddtachies Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplAmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refllmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partlellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc , ont it* filmdes ji nouveau de fa^on d obtenir la meilleure image possible. checked below/ ion indiquA ci-dessous. BX 22X ^y zr 26X 30X 20X 24X 28X n 32X Th« copy filmsd h«r« ha* b««n r«produc«d thank* to th* o*n*ro*ity of: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia L'axt a*n« Th* imag** appaaring hara ara th* ba*t qu*llty po**ibl* con*id*ring th* condition and iagibiiity off tha original copy and in icaaping with tha ffilming contract *p*cific*tiona. L**l plus d*la conf' filmi Original copia* in printad papar covar* ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or iilustratad impra*- •ion. or th* b*ck cov*r wh*n appropriata. All othar original copiat ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or iilustratad impres- sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printed or iiluatratad impression. Les i papi par I darn d'im plat, origl pren dim ladi amp The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — »• (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. IMaps. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un( derr cas: sym Les film Lora repr de I et d d'ln^ illua 1 2 4 5 L'«x«mplair« film* fut raproduit grAc* i la g*n*rotitA d«: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Lm imagM sulvantat ont At* raprodultat avac la plus grand soln, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da I'axamplaira film*, at an conformit* avac laa conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axamplairas origlnaux dont la couvartura an papiar ast imprim*a sont film*8 an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Imprassion ou d'illuttration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas origlnaux sont film*s an commandant par la prami*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darni*ra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un das symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la darni*ra image da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbols —•' signifia "A SUIVRE ", la symbols V signifia "FIN ". Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux, etc., peuvent *tre film*s * des taux de r*duction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour *tre reproduit en un seul clich*, il est film* * partir de Tangle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite, et de haut en bas. ^n prenant le nombre d'images n*cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m*thode. 2 3 5 6 [From Procectliiigs American Association for the Advancement of Science. Vol. 49, 1900.] The Caikns of British Columbia and Washington. By Harlan I. Smith, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y. One of the kinds of burial, on southeastern Vancouver Island in British Columbia, on the San Juan group, and on Wbidbey Island in Washington, was in stone cairns. This method of burial is known to have antedated contact with the whites by a considerable period. The stone structures are usuallv located on slopes, with a gravelly soil, which are strewn with angular bowlders, and near the sea. So far as we know they are always within a mile of shell-heaps. Ill general the cairns consist of irregular piles of bowlders, from three to twenty feet in diameter. One is found over each body, which in some cases, are found surrounde<l by a more or less rectangular cyst formed by placing the slraightest sides of several bowlders towards it, and covering the opening thus formed with one, two or more slab-shaped rocks of like character. In some cases there are the slab-like stones over the grave but the vault is not well-formed, if present at all, and in other cases the cover stones are .so small that they do not fonii a protecting roof over the body. Over the cyst the rough pile of the cairn was reared. It is fre- quently bounded by a single row of large stones while the filling between this wall and the vault is of small fragments, bowlders, and in some cases largelyof soil ormixturesof these materials. Rectangular cairns have been found where the outer row had been carried up so as to form a retaining wall making the whole structure similar to a truncated pyramid. Cairns were also found in which the body was placed at the side of a large IxJwlder and covere<l with small bowlders piled up against the large rock. The skeleton, which was placed on the side in the usual flexed position, is found on the original surface of the soil, sunken into it or in a shallow 92171 Pacific N.W.HistO''' ^^ r PROVINCIAL. LiDr?ARy VICTORIA, B. e. SECTION H. hole dug down into the surface soil or in some cases even into the gravel below. It is often much decayed, especially in the cairns near Victoria, where complete skulls are rarely obtained. In forty-two cairns excr.vated there no entire bones were secured. At North Saanich, and near Coupe- ville, however, complete skeletons have been collected. A few copper ornaments have been found buried with the skeletons an<l a .stone object was secured from among the top stones of one cnirn. The cairn building culture, so far as recorded in this area, seems to be practically a unit. The cairns are perhaps most highly developed in the vicinity of Victoria which is near the centre of their present known dis- tribjition. The slight variations in the different localities seem likely to be due to carelessness, poverty of the builders or lack of preferable mate- rials, rather than to a diflferent culture. The cairn building cultuie is ex- tinct. None of the present Indians build cairns or know of any people who have. The skeletons are sometimes burned, but the evtdences of fire in the cairns do not seem sufficient to conclude that the bodies were burned in the vaults. The skulls show a variety of types and deformations, both post- and ante-mortem, and are not considered in this paper. The scarcity of specimens of any kind in the graves is remarkable, and its counterpart is found with the skeletons in the shell-heaps, especially of the Lower Fraser, where objects, save for a few pieces of copper, were seldom found associated with the skeleton, except by accident. The bunal mounds of the region present similarities of structure to the cairns and one may be derived from the other. On the other hand some cairns seem to have degenerated until they are no more than a s^one-heap over a grave. The cairns are always near the coast shell-heaps, in which few skeletons aire found and those are often in disorder. Possibly the cairns are the burials of some of the people who made the shell-heaps. [Note : To be published in full as Part II, Vol. IV. Museum of Natural History] . of Memoirs of the American Archeoi,ogical Investigations on the North Pacific Coast in 1899.' By HARI.AN I. Smith. • Prr inted before the Section of Anthropology of the American Association for the Ad -cement of Science, New York, 1900, and published »)y authority of the trus lees of the American Museum of Natural History in the "American Anthropologist" (N.S.), Vol. 2, July-September, 1900.