^^, 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUA 
 TFST TARGET (h 
 
 1.0 
 
 I^|2j8 
 
 |50 "^ 
 
 I.I 
 
 112 
 
 u 
 
 |iO 
 
 11.25 11.4 
 
 4l?^ 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
lAGE EVALUATION 
 =ST TARGET (MY-S) 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 <^ v^,% 
 
 z 
 
 & 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 I^|2j8 
 
 ■ 50 "^ 
 
 ■ 2.2 
 
 Its 
 
 ■» 12.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 11-25 111.4 11.6 
 
 itographic 
 
 dences 
 
 rporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 C 
 C 
 n 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut c 
 
1H 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 productions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Tachnical and Bibliofiraphic Notas/Notas tac 
 
 Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast 
 original copy avaiiabia for fiiming. Faaturas of this 
 copy which may ba bibliographicaiiy uniqua, 
 which may aitar any of tha imagas in tha 
 raproduction, or which may significantly changa 
 tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 
 
 D 
 
 Colourad covars/ 
 Couvartura da coulaur 
 
 |~~| Covars damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommagAa 
 
 D 
 
 Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Couvartura raittaurAa at/ou pallicul6a 
 
 I I Covar titia missing/ 
 
 La titra da couvartura manqua 
 
 I ] Colourad maps/ 
 
 Carter gtographiquas an coulaur 
 
 □ Colourad ink (i.e. othar than blua or black)/ 
 Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) 
 
 □ Colourad plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planchas at/ou illustrations an coulaur 
 
 D 
 
 Bound with othar material/ 
 Rali6 avac d'autras documents 
 
 D 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion la long de la marge intirieure 
 
 D 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAes 
 lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans la texte, 
 mais, iorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas Ati filmdas. 
 
 D 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentairas supplAmentaires: 
 
 This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 C:i document est film* au taux de rMuction indlqu* ci-dessous. 
 
 1GX 14X 18X 22X 
 
 12X 
 
 10X 
 
 20X 
 
phic Notat/Notes techniques et bibliogrftphiques 
 
 ••t 
 
 of this 
 i. 
 
 lange 
 alow. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm6 la maiilaur examplaira 
 qu'il iui a *t« possible da se procurer. Les details 
 da cet exemplaira qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibllographiqua, qui peuvent modifier 
 une ln^.ss« reproduite, ou qui peuvent exfger une 
 modification dans la m6thoda normaia de fiimaga 
 sont indiqute ci-dessous. 
 
 black)/ 
 I ou noire) 
 
 ur 
 
 r distortion 
 
 ibre ou de la 
 ure 
 
 >n may 
 >8sible, these 
 
 hes ajout6es 
 dans le texte, 
 s pages n'ont 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 y 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagies 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaurdas et/ou pelliculAes 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d4color6es. tachat^es ou piqu6es 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ddtachies 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of print varies/ 
 Quality in6gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel supplAmentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refllmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partlellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc , ont it* filmdes ji nouveau de fa^on d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 checked below/ 
 
 ion indiquA ci-dessous. 
 
 BX 22X ^y 
 
 zr 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 n 
 
 32X 
 
Th« copy filmsd h«r« ha* b««n r«produc«d thank* 
 to th* o*n*ro*ity of: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 L'axt 
 
 a*n« 
 
 Th* imag** appaaring hara ara th* ba*t qu*llty 
 po**ibl* con*id*ring th* condition and iagibiiity 
 off tha original copy and in icaaping with tha 
 ffilming contract *p*cific*tiona. 
 
 L**l 
 
 plus 
 
 d*la 
 
 conf' 
 
 filmi 
 
 Original copia* in printad papar covar* ara filmad 
 baginning with tha front covar and anding on 
 tha laat paga with a printad or iilustratad impra*- 
 •ion. or th* b*ck cov*r wh*n appropriata. All 
 othar original copiat ara filmad baginning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or iilustratad impres- 
 sion, and anding on tha last paga with a printed 
 or iiluatratad impression. 
 
 Les i 
 papi 
 par I 
 darn 
 d'im 
 plat, 
 origl 
 pren 
 dim 
 ladi 
 amp 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — »• (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 IMaps. plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Un( 
 derr 
 cas: 
 sym 
 
 Les 
 film 
 Lora 
 repr 
 de I 
 et d 
 d'ln^ 
 illua 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
L'«x«mplair« film* fut raproduit grAc* i la 
 g*n*rotitA d«: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 Lm imagM sulvantat ont At* raprodultat avac la 
 plus grand soln, compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattat* da I'axamplaira film*, at an 
 conformit* avac laa conditions du contrat da 
 fllmaga. 
 
 Laa axamplairas origlnaux dont la couvartura an 
 papiar ast imprim*a sont film*8 an commandant 
 par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la 
 darni*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'Imprassion ou d'illuttration, soit par la sacond 
 plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas 
 origlnaux sont film*s an commandant par la 
 prami*ra paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'Imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par 
 la darni*ra paga qui comporta una talla 
 amprainta. 
 
 Un das symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la 
 darni*ra image da chaqua microficha. salon la 
 cas: la symbols —•' signifia "A SUIVRE ", la 
 symbols V signifia "FIN ". 
 
 Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux, etc., peuvent *tre 
 film*s * des taux de r*duction diffArents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour *tre 
 reproduit en un seul clich*, il est film* * partir 
 de Tangle sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite, 
 et de haut en bas. ^n prenant le nombre 
 d'images n*cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la m*thode. 
 
 2 3 
 
 5 6 
 

 [From Procectliiigs American Association for the Advancement of 
 Science. Vol. 49, 1900.] 
 
 The Caikns of British Columbia and Washington. By Harlan I. 
 Smith, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y. 
 
 One of the kinds of burial, on southeastern Vancouver Island in British 
 Columbia, on the San Juan group, and on Wbidbey Island in Washington, 
 was in stone cairns. This method of burial is known to have antedated 
 contact with the whites by a considerable period. The stone structures 
 are usuallv located on slopes, with a gravelly soil, which are strewn with 
 angular bowlders, and near the sea. So far as we know they are always 
 within a mile of shell-heaps. 
 
 Ill general the cairns consist of irregular piles of bowlders, from three 
 to twenty feet in diameter. One is found over each body, which in some 
 cases, are found surrounde<l by a more or less rectangular cyst formed by 
 placing the slraightest sides of several bowlders towards it, and covering 
 the opening thus formed with one, two or more slab-shaped rocks of like 
 character. In some cases there are the slab-like stones over the grave 
 but the vault is not well-formed, if present at all, and in other cases the 
 cover stones are .so small that they do not fonii a protecting roof over the 
 body. Over the cyst the rough pile of the cairn was reared. It is fre- 
 quently bounded by a single row of large stones while the filling between 
 this wall and the vault is of small fragments, bowlders, and in some cases 
 largelyof soil ormixturesof these materials. Rectangular cairns have been 
 found where the outer row had been carried up so as to form a retaining 
 wall making the whole structure similar to a truncated pyramid. Cairns 
 were also found in which the body was placed at the side of a large 
 IxJwlder and covere<l with small bowlders piled up against the large rock. 
 
 The skeleton, which was placed on the side in the usual flexed position, 
 is found on the original surface of the soil, sunken into it or in a shallow 
 
 92171 
 
 Pacific N.W.HistO''' ^^ r 
 
 PROVINCIAL. LiDr?ARy 
 VICTORIA, B. e. 
 
 
SECTION H. 
 
 hole dug down into the surface soil or in some cases even into the gravel 
 below. It is often much decayed, especially in the cairns near Victoria, 
 where complete skulls are rarely obtained. In forty-two cairns excr.vated 
 there no entire bones were secured. At North Saanich, and near Coupe- 
 ville, however, complete skeletons have been collected. 
 
 A few copper ornaments have been found buried with the skeletons an<l 
 a .stone object was secured from among the top stones of one cnirn. 
 
 The cairn building culture, so far as recorded in this area, seems to be 
 practically a unit. The cairns are perhaps most highly developed in the 
 vicinity of Victoria which is near the centre of their present known dis- 
 tribjition. The slight variations in the different localities seem likely to 
 be due to carelessness, poverty of the builders or lack of preferable mate- 
 rials, rather than to a diflferent culture. The cairn building cultuie is ex- 
 tinct. None of the present Indians build cairns or know of any people 
 who have. 
 
 The skeletons are sometimes burned, but the evtdences of fire in the 
 cairns do not seem sufficient to conclude that the bodies were burned in 
 the vaults. The skulls show a variety of types and deformations, both 
 post- and ante-mortem, and are not considered in this paper. The scarcity 
 of specimens of any kind in the graves is remarkable, and its counterpart 
 is found with the skeletons in the shell-heaps, especially of the Lower 
 Fraser, where objects, save for a few pieces of copper, were seldom 
 found associated with the skeleton, except by accident. 
 
 The bunal mounds of the region present similarities of structure to the 
 cairns and one may be derived from the other. On the other hand some 
 cairns seem to have degenerated until they are no more than a s^one-heap 
 over a grave. 
 
 The cairns are always near the coast shell-heaps, in which few skeletons 
 aire found and those are often in disorder. Possibly the cairns are the 
 burials of some of the people who made the shell-heaps. 
 
 [Note : To be published in full as Part II, Vol. IV. 
 Museum of Natural History] . 
 
 of Memoirs of the American 
 
 Archeoi,ogical Investigations on the North Pacific Coast in 
 1899.' By HARI.AN I. Smith. 
 
 • Prr inted before the Section of Anthropology of the American Association for 
 the Ad -cement of Science, New York, 1900, and published »)y authority of the trus 
 lees of the American Museum of Natural History in the "American Anthropologist" 
 (N.S.), Vol. 2, July-September, 1900.