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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, seion Ie cas: Ie symbole — ^ signifie A SUIVRE ", Ie symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre film^'> d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul ciichd, il est fiimd d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'tmages ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 'I T INl pii: DOMINION OF CANADA. •^ THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS. INFORMATION FOR INTENDING SETTLERS, (FOURTH EDITION.) PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA. OTTAWA € lt¥*» i V7^ \ h.^^^ ^^ ^^^ /X y :TrOR0^ ci ^ o ml^ ^ '^ MtLOWl WMITTOS ICR ^ ^ irOfN IroH C^iNTf IttKT* ^ NUMO LITHOeMPHIC CO MOMTHCikk . MAP OF THE EAST PROVINCE OF QU] w ' THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, CANADA. PI DOMINION OF CANADA THE EASTERN TOWNSHIPS. INFORMATION FOR INTENDING SETTLERS. (FOURTH EDITION.) PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA. OTTAWA. 1882. 7 4 i I Hi s i X X O I 5 DOMINION OF CANANA. THE EASTERN TOVANSHIPS. The Eastern Townships comprise that portion of the Province of Quebec lying 8outh of the liiver St. Lawrence, and adjoining the frontier of the United States, as marked on the map attached to this pamphlet. A glance at this map will show the relations of the Town- ships to the cities of Montreal and Quebec, and to the Ri.er St Law- rence, the great water communication of the Dominion. The Eastern Townships, from the fact of their lying outside of the ordinary route of travel from the United Kingdom to the West of the Dominion, have not hitherto been so much sought out as other parts of the Dominion by settlers from Great Britain. They, however offer advantages which, at the present time, are worthy of particular 'consi- aeration. It is proposed in this pamphlet briefly to consider them under the several heads of Climate and Production, Soil, Communications and Markets, and general suitability for Immigrants from the United Kingdom. I. CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS. As respect mildness of climate, the Eastern Townships are more favourably situated than any other part of the Province of Quebec their .outhe.nfrouiier being on the line of 45<'n. latitude; which cor- responds in Europe with that of the south of Fraace. This condition gives in summer sufficient heat to ripen Indian Corn and Tomatoes Grapes are also grown in the open air ; and the co.iditious are favor'- able for their culture. Apples and the ordinary small fruits will not only grow in great abunduuce, but the conditions of the country are spi-ially adapted to their production. Grazing and ^tock-raisiu..• have however, been the special features of the Township industries, fbr rea- sons that will hereafter be particularly .tutted. The ordinary cereals, such as wheat, oats, barley, «te., grow in great abundance. In Winter, the climate is generally colder than that of the United I-' — 4— Kingdom, but the cold is aooompanied by a drier and brighter atmos- piiore; which causes a much loss disagreeable feeling of cold than a warmer temperature accompanied by dampness ; and it is an undoubt- ed fact that owing to this drier cold in winter, people suffer much less in tanada than they do in England. During the winter, too, the snow winch falls remains on the ground ; and, packing under foot, forms a smooth road which is very favourable for the operations of teaming and lumbenng. This is an advantage peculiar to the country, as even in the newer settled localities, before there has been time to make very perfect roads, the snow road offers facilities which are not exceeded, and m truth not equalled, by the best macadamized roads of the United Ivmgdom. In short, both in summer and winter, the climate of the Eastern lownsh.ps IS very pleasant and healthy ; and settlers from the United J^ingdom when they become accustomed to it, very greatly prefer it to the more humid and cloudy conditions which they left behind. II. SOIL AND FEATURES. .P .1. ^u- r" ""f ^^' ^"^^'^""^ Townships is very fertile and susceptible ot ho highest degree of cultivation. The features of the country arc roJl.ng, having the appearance when viewed from an elevation, of an upheaval of immense waves suddenly stilled ; and these slopes and va leys, before they were cleared, were covered with a luxuriant growth of hose kinds of forest which, in America, are known as a sign of natu- folV-T r^'^'^T''"''''^- There are many kinds of woods found m the Eastern Townships forests. Among these the followin^^ Bass Wood, Butternut, Hickory, Cedar, &c. It is also to b^ noticed that contiguous to these woods are numerous water powers which may sir. "^-^"factures. The country is litera ly intersected with treams and rivulets, the waters of which are clear and cold, and the home of the red trout. There are also numerous lakes of very ^reat withti^r'^' "^ one of them, Lake Memphremagog, compares wth,i It does not exceed. Loch Lamond, in loveliness of scenery. Ihese lakos, as w.'ll as streams, are rich in valuable fi.h. In a word or natural b ant^ of landscape, the Eastei'n Townships may eomfar; with any part (»t'tJi,Mvoild. ' III. si.:ttlk.ient on will, lands and purchasing IMPROVED FAKMS. ed m tin, pampl.let, s.v.og three pluses of a settler's life. No 1 cor- roctly represents the " el.antj- in the bush ;" that is the first L louse 1 „: "m f " '''™/' ^''' "'""'"«• ^"' ' -p--^^ *o ^r n wMd? „, t ^ "n" ' '"^ ^"- ^ '^ ' fop--ntation of the way m wlueh matters would stand at the end of " 30 years." The settler :: *: it^'t '""."r ™^"' "^ "^^ -- »- ^"- -«' * ' «- - eoaes m. He must be prepared for a great deal of hard work. But m the words of the Earl of Bufferin, late Governor General, he wi' find tl. tod sweetened by the reflection that he owns no mater, and that he IS eonstantly ,mpr„vi„g hi., own estate. There arc hundreds uchaZ ' "'"""^''° '"'"''"' '^'^-^^^^ -P°4 » pendanee, and edueated and eomfor'ably settled their families at vervTo7^''''™" "7 *" ''™°*' " °"'°>' P"'^ <>f "'» Townships tt eti: ; :"'''^'' ""^ ■' '^ "-'^ "'^'^ ^P--"^ *at is inrit:d to settle ,n the ]i,a,t<,rn Townships. The aetual purehase money of an s,,n r , r '^'™' "•' "'" *^»"'"^'" >=l»'''>^ »^« ''ciually rrt:,"r"r ''■''"""'■ ■'^ "'"'*™ "i-Fovcdfarm" advato 7~" "'""'■ '""• ^'^l''-. *™-». aud eultivation, rtacly at once to enter upon. It may be explained here that the rrason why improved farms in Caaaeanbeobtamed on sueh moJerate t™, is owing to the faet fac , t " T '"'"■^"'"' """*™''^ ''"-S *« "'«''" »*■"'<■• north-eastern d °, 1 [.T" '"""""•"' "" '■''" P""-' "*'" •=!"» of settlers, to un- it™ fiVrtr^ •'■ V° ™"™™^" '""~'' '" "*^ - -" <- "tain a Wse, held than the old homestead for the sake of the settlement of th«r ..us, as for the love of adventure and of the life with whil 1 ey «aued for ■„ own sake. It thus happ..ns that eondition, are affordel ,t ^p<'cinl!_y nrvoiirablc. lor M„, f,.nant fann.T ih nu tl!,> ]In h>,i KhvM om. I I — 6— with a little capital, to acquire a ftirm on which his previr)us liabits of life have adapted him to work ; while the older settler of the country has more special adaptation for the pioneer life ilian the newly arrived iinnii'-rant. But newly arrived immitj;rants of intelligence very soon become acquainted with what may be called the specialties of the country. At the date of the last published pamphlet of the Quebec govern- ment there were over 900,000 acres of wild or forest land for sale in the Eastern Townships. Some of these have since been disposed of, but there are yet large areas available ; and there are also lands held by the British American Land Company. The Government lands are sold at from 50 to 60 cents — from 2-!. 4:hd. to 3s. stg. — per acre, on condi- tion of settlement. The Ea.^ern Townships also po'^sess a good deal of mineral wealth. In some places gold has been found, and in some localities it has been profitably worked, and there is promise of further development. There are very considerable copper mines which have been worked ; nickel has also been profitably worked. There are slate (quarries of great va- lue. There are also valuable building stones, including valuable gra- nite and marble. Many other minerals have been discovered which have not been worked or have not been found in sufficient quantities to rise to the rank of industries. IV. COxMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETS. Tlie Eastern Townships are now thoroughly op.ned up in every direction by llailways, in operation; and several other important lines are contemplated. The Grand Trunk Railway connects Richmond, Sherbrooke and Compton Avith Montreal on one side ; and Portland, which practically may be called one of the winter ports of the Domin- ion on the other. The Central Vermont Railway connects another portion of the Townships with the Cities of Montreal and Boston ; the South Eastern Railway still other portions with the same citie-*. The Quebec Central connects Sherbrooke with Quebec. The St. b'rancisand Mcantic International Railway connecting with the Graul Trunk at Sherbrooke, opens up a large and valuable tract of country for settle- ment and is a portion of a projected, and it is to be hoped, soon to be completed, through line connecting with the ports of St. John ajid St. Andrew's in New Brunswick, and making the shortest possible line be- s of itry ived soon the ern- ie in but iby sold mdi- alth. beeu here ickul fc va- gra- hich es to ivery liues lond, land, •uiin- athor ; the The s and )k ab I'ttlc- to be d St. e be- bJ z . flC H if z o < z s u. o H IS M El 05 Ui ^1 UJ X I- 55 -■r lU UI ae X >- tweon Montreal and the Atlantio seaboard. The St. Lowrence and Lake Champlain llaihvay ; the Montreal, Portland and Boston Railway; the Massawippi Valley Railway, -i-everally open up other portions of the Towr.ships. The parts of the country served by these several rail- ways may be seen by a study of the map. It will further be seen that thet^e conneetions open for the Town- ships trade with Montreal an 1 Quebec on one sile, and thu New Eqo-. land States on thj other ; both of whieh are valuable. The New England States have, in the past, taken vast quantities of dairy produce from the Town diips. The butter, for instance, pro- duced there has been remarkable for special excellence. The clear streams and rich grasses of the hillsides are most favorable to excellence ia this product. Ctieese factories are numerous in the Townships, and the cheese turned out, like the butter, is remarkable for good qaality. It is believed that the Townships are favorably situated for taking part in the considerable cattle trade which is now being open up between the Dominion and the United Kingdom. A good deal of fine stock will be found throughout the Townships, and at the farm of the Hon. Mr. Cochrane, in Compton, some of the finest stock in the world may be seen. Choice animals from this farm have excited admiration and brouglit very high prices, even in England. Breeding from the very finest animals that could be procured in England, seems, in Canada to have improved the pattern. Sheep do well 'm the Townships, and the opening of the new Ex- port Trade referred to will probably incrcise the profits fro.u keepincr tliem, and make them more numerous than in the past. There are some manufactures of importance in the Townships, particularly of Woollens ; and there are numerous local factories of doors sashes, carriages, iron ware and agricultural implements, intended for the most part to supply local wants. It may be specially mentioned here that the woods of the Townships are adapted for several manufac- tures, such as furniture, carriages, that the conditions are morcfavoura- blc in which men who have acquired wealth may settle. In short this portion of the country afford^ in an eminent de ^ .? ' - '