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\l 
 
 SiipplemeDt No. 2 to the 211th Auniial lleport of the DepiirtiiieDt of Marine ami Fisheries, Fisheries Branch 
 
 I 
 
 DISCOLORATION I.\ CAXM-I) LOBSTHRS 
 
 REI'Oiri" 
 
 H 
 
 OF AN INQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES LEADING TO A 
 
 DETERIORATION IN THE QUALITY OF 
 
 CANNED LOBSTERS 
 
 ^ Classification \ 
 
 rniNTEI) />•}• (irjih.li of I'AIU.lAMENr 
 
 s 
 
 t I 
 
 ^^^.^vy^ 
 
 I 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 P HINTED BY S. E. 
 
 DAWSON 
 EXCELLENT M A.I EST Y 
 
 I'KINTKK TO THE (QUEEN'S ^[OST 
 
 [No. llr-1897.] 
 
 1898 
 

 ■♦I 
 
 National Library Bibliothdque nationale 
 of Canada du Canada 
 
NOTE. 
 
 Under an Order in C.uncil dated 8th May, \XOC,, I was instructed to undertake an 
 in.iuiry into the causes h'ading to a deteri(.ration in the .luality of canned lobsters 
 This inijuiry has lasted for a year and a half and is now concluded. The results are set 
 down herein. It was commenced in conjunction with Dr. A. A. ]^ru.''re, at my request 
 to him, and it was conducted jointly with him for a veiy considerable period. Then 
 Dr. Brucre n(jtified to me his intention to retire from the investigation. I am there- 
 fore, left solely responsible for the report in its present form, and am only too sensible 
 of the loss to it of Dr. Bru.Ve's able co-operation in the light of the very material value 
 of his observations whilst he was associated with me. The present occasion is also 
 taken to tender to him the fullest acknowledgment of his aid. 
 
 ANDREW MACPHAIL, B.A., M.D. 
 
 Professor of Patholoyj, Unitrrsity of Bishops CoUcye, Montreal. 
 
 iMi; Peel Street. . 
 
/\ C U I 
 
 '3 
 
 
INDKX. 
 
 liitrcp(liictiiii\ 
 
 \'aliic> of the Iiuliistry 
 
 Till' fxtoiit of till' (IctiTioration. . . 
 
 Till' loss iMitaili'il tliiTi'liy 
 
 TIk; (listril lilt inn of till' loss 
 
 hcsc^ription of (laiiiaKid cans . . . , 
 
 .Method of iii(|iiiiy 
 
 discoloration, its kinds and cjiuscs 
 
 lirown cole ill r II I ion iiajKi- 
 
 Vcllowisli lustre ii|Min scaiu , . 
 i'ur|ili>li colour after liatli. . . 
 
 Siilplii le of iron 
 
 .Siil|iliid('of tin 
 
 Oxide of iron 
 
 liact. 
 
 (iasps 
 
 Theories in \ i i^rue 
 
 The use of acid 
 
 Seasonal influence 
 
 The (luestion of molting 
 
 The (|iiestioii of size 
 
 The nuestioii of se\ 
 
 Kxaiaiiiatioii of tissue 
 
 The lilood 
 
 The muscle 
 
 The e[)ideriiiis 
 
 Description of present methods. . . 
 
 Anatomy and physiology 
 
 I'seof salt 
 
 I'se of lining's 
 
 Leaks and do-ovei's 
 
 The material for solderin<,' 
 
 Soldering 
 
 Of the bath 
 
 Time of iKiiling in the shell 
 
 Use of dead lohsters 
 
 lireaking off alive 
 
 Parts nuist liable to deterioration.' 
 
 The (luality of the tin plate . 
 
 Bacteriology, &c 
 
 The remedy 
 
 Kvidence of its value 
 
 t'onclusion 
 
 Ahstract of process 
 
 I'age. 
 
 •I 
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 II) 
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 10 
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 32 
 
INTRUDUCTIOX. 
 
 I'i'fnro uiidortfikin^' this iiKjinry, it was la-cfssfii'y to mt'dsun- the itiiportiiiu'C of the 
 work ill Imnd, to asciTtuin thf aiiiouiit. of lal)our it would ho tiioiiylit advisaldc t(j hi-.stow 
 upon it. Tliis problem was approai'lied from various sides. 
 
 l.st. The value of thf iiuhistry. 
 
 2nd. The f>.xt('iit of the deterioiati<m. 
 
 .'Jrd. Till' loss ciitaili'd thereby. 
 
 Ith. The distribution of the loss. 
 
 Tiie foilowin;,' facts arc; therefore submitf(>cl. because it was the consideration of 
 them which pointed to tht; necessity of an e,xtensi\'e and elaliorate research. If any 
 results were to be ol)tnined, it was only by [)roceedin;,' in an orderly manner and to 
 great leii^'tlis, if necessary. i'iVen if no results were to be arrived at, the preliminary 
 woi'k would have been done for some more fortunate oliservers. Therefore, the incjuiiy 
 was projected upon a wide and sound basi.s, and the various operations are set forth 
 along with the conclusions to which they led. 
 
 I.-VALUH OF THE INDUSTRY. 
 
 Statistics are available in a supplement to the twenty-fifth annual report of the 
 Department of Marine and Fisheries. In it the Deputy Minister states that the number 
 of cans p.icked in Canada tiiat year was H,2Sr), l."i7. or nearly .300,()UO cases, which at 
 the nominal price of 88 a case amounted to S-',4U0,0U0. 
 
 The value of the export of lulxsters in \f<d\ was i?l,'j;5(J, 17") 
 
 do do 1892 was l,909,75fi 
 
 do do 189;5 was 2.071.225 
 
 do do 1S9J was 2,;!;U,GtJ0 
 
 do do 189.") was 2,i;i5,75(j 
 
 While last year the value amounted to 2,489,99."> 
 
 The average price per pi-und in 1SS3 was "J12 cents ; in 1S9.S it had risen to I I-IO 
 cents ; at present it is 1872 cents. 
 
 (2.) The extentof the deterioration. 
 (3.) The loss entailed thereliy. 
 (4.) The distribution of the loss. 
 
 These three factors will be considered together. 
 
 It is a matter of exceeding dithculty to estimate accurately the annual loss sustained 
 by the industry through deterioration in the quality of the goods, by blackening and 
 other causes, because the loss falls in so manv cpuirters. 
 
 First, there is the loss to the individual packer ; then to the buyer, the wholesale 
 merchant, to whom the goods are sent, to the retail dealer, and finally to the consumer 
 who probably bears the bulk of it, and whose loss can never be ascertained. 
 
 To obtain some expression of opinion, a communication was addressed to packers, 
 buyers and dealers in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, the United States, and Great 
 Britain. 
 
 It contained two questions : 
 
 let. What do you consider to be the causes of the depreciation in the quality of 
 canned lobsters 1 
 
 2nd. What, in your opinion, is the annual loss to the lobster packing industry 
 through this deterioration 1 
 
« MAKISK ANn H8IIKIIIKS 
 
 rl;:-:;;::-:;tr:d::::;:;-;!/'T" 4'"' fv"'- 
 
 ::n;=;::;;;'''ii7i:;l EF^^S^^^^^ 
 
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 l;r..m M,.,,s„, (.:,.„»,. V lll,„.k«,.|l. S„l,., S,,„,u,, |„„„|„„ : 
 ™, IWdl r!,.,». ,t C,„„p,„,.v, N... L-r Min.ins I I |„„ |. ,„|„,„| , 
 
 ti, «t,- :;;::r;;;;:r'r """ ''"■:■ " t"':""'- «' ■•■»•'."'»..-..»... 
 
 :;;i;];t;:S;i:;-:;;;™-ir?;:'i:°!t:r-^™-' ^^,:Nl:;;;.r:;;:;'i!f 
 
 ,,„,, i;':!;;.;,';,': '•"■""■"«i"™ * I'-i-,;,,,,,.,. ,-.„„,,„„,, L„„i,..,i, ,;„« .m,,. s,,. ,.,„. 
 
 wiii p;«;:;;;;i; =!:•;■ XS~r;;;;3" "" '- "'^"■' "■•■ •-■'" '■■ ''-» «■»'» 
 
 u„i,.:: ';;;:■;:: !;;;"„"i::;;::;::*:i;;';',:;';,t: '■: ■'■™'"i"- ««--'« i..>.f » ...«-«„ 
 r;l ;£;;,;;;■ is- i^iij , ;^f tr t;L | i;"!;:r^.^';:!;,;z;:;;.::;;;l 
 
 these «oocl.s '" " '"^■' '""* «""^«i«™tu>n, .f w. .nak. any proHt by handling 
 
 -n" ^'i^'n'' l''^;':*^"- ^"» '^ '•'^■•'-'•' No. 17 IJotolph r.ane, London, Hn^lancl ■ 
 
 worse, to the injurv of Jrconeerned ' ™''^' ''"'''""'■ '""'^^ ■'^"' *'•"'■" ^-' ^<' 
 
 for at n es nt ''i'^'^'''^''^" '^'^ ••^'"''^^''^' ><^ ^^'^"'^ '^^^ -» ^'»<'nMou.s 4lue to this industry 
 
 1 would he (luite sate in sav 11" i-lii*- if fl,^ < i>i i ■ • i. '""""" '"v-^- i ininK 
 
 and the lobsL-r preserved Ta7tn I.. ? hiaoken.ng so called, could be prevented, 
 
 Mr. Grant in liis reply says • 
 
njscoLon.iTiox I\ CAWKJi /.oustehs. g 
 
 ultimiitely til.! juhlim-.s who hiiy tli.-iii ;ii n price iii,.l k.'.-p tlu-in in stork ,iwiiitiii« the 
 
 (l»'iiiivti(|H (,f tlii> triulf. Soiiu- Msisi.iis I km. A tin- JuIiImts lost- all tlicir « Is As ,i 
 
 (l.'iiier I can sikmI; v.-ry f.-.-lin-ly imd .Mri suy lli-il I Imv.- lost f lioiisaiids ut' .lollius hy 
 slupiMii- juhslors oM cuMsijiiuiicnt. Tli.- ut.ly (•crtiiiii nictliod in Imtulliiij,' johstors is t(, 
 K.'t n.i ot tlu-m lis .|uickly a.s pu.ssil.l,., |i „iii.'lit I..' int.'ivstiMi; h. \ou t.. know th.- 
 actual coniniorciiil viiluH of a choice c.iM of hiiylit IoI.si.ts. !''..w irali/c the fa.l llmf 
 the choice parts of eij»lii lohsters j,'o to till a urie pound can. 
 
 "Tlic ronsuincr thinks nothin,i,' of payinf,- I I'A cents for i fiedi lol.st.T. .Muilii.Jv 
 
 •yci-ht and the .•an of |..bstors show a value of on.- dollar. Now. if the .-annitii: .if 
 
 h.irsteis could l.e inoiiu'lit down t.. an exact scientili.' proe.^ss and the .•..nsuiner .-oidd I... 
 
 guaranteed that the ■.'.....Is wer.' as go...! as when fi.^sh, the .pn'slion will answer its.. If." 
 
 As loiij,' ai,'o as 1SS7. In.p.Mior |)u\ar wrote: . 
 _ "<)uiii;rt,, t Iw inferior ;,'rade of ;,'....dspr.-pare(i l.y soni.' pack.Ms, th.- lohster l.usine.ss 
 IS in greatdang.'r ..f beiii« .seriously iinperiM...!. Canadian paek.'d lol.st.'r is at a v.-rv 
 low ehl) in Kni;li>h markets, s.. much s.i that London i.'r.-.'n grocers will hav.. nothin- U, 
 do with Prime M.iwanj IslamI lol.sters on accunt of their interior .|iiality. 
 
 i'Voin this it is elear that the loss is a very iiiiit.'iial one. (,i.t only in tlie .leteriora- 
 tK.n ..f the present product, l.ut frointl.. fa.-t that the h.-st .|nalitv now pro.lu.ed is 
 inferior to that which sIk.uUI I..- ol.taine.l an.l can I..- ol.tain.' I hv tl,. adoption of 
 scientitic m.'thods," ' 
 
 DKSrRIPTION' OF l».\MA(.KI> CAN'S. 
 
 This deteri..rati(.n in the .iuality..f the ..'ontents ..f cans is vari..uslv i.'tVrreil to as 
 " blackening ' ,,r "smut," and other cans are known as beini: "sour. ' ••acid." '• ferment 
 ed" and '• blown." This points to the fact that th.' deteriorati..n manitVst itself in 
 various foriic, and is due to widely .liderent causes. 
 
 ft will lust be n.'c.'ssary to ile-scribe theappearam.'s presented by a series ..f damaged 
 cans, rpon ..pening a large number it was at once s.m'u that tli.'re was the larg^'st 
 po.ssible variety .jf condition. Inde.'d the disroI,,ration was abs.'nt in many cases an.l 
 the degree to which ;it hail pr..ce.'dc.l wa,s dillerent in all. in some the contents 
 were unit .rmly dark, the colouring matter penetrating th.' wh..l.' tissue. In others it 
 was conllncd to that porti..ii which was in contact with the s.-am of the can. and at the 
 junction of the cover and bottom with the two ends of the cylind.'r. A-ain it .jccurred 
 in spots corresponding with the puncture mad- in the cover to all..w tlie air t.. escape 
 or t.. assist m the process of s.-aling. In th.'.s.' places the conlinuitv of the tin eating 
 was broken, allowing the middle plate of iron t.. come in c.ntact with the c.ntents" 
 Ayain, the tliscoloration ommenced over small aieas wh.!r.' the tin was er.jded, but 
 whether thiserosi..n was due to a primary d.-tVct in the material or whether it w;is due 
 to s..me .solvent action ..f the contents had to be reserved for further .-xamination and 
 will be referred to latter. In some cases the paper lininir was al..ne disc.lourcd and in 
 others a .space along the seam of the can. 
 
 In most instaiu'cs the contents remained soli.l though disi'oldured. S.tme were 
 liquid an.l uniformly black and others liipiid but of a, normal colour. Many cans were 
 bulging almost to the point of bursting' with gas, an.l when punctured the gas escaped 
 with a rush and foul odour while in others the amount of gas was imperceptible. 
 
 them 
 
 METHOD OF IN.,il IRV. 
 
 We are now able to define the scope of the in.|uiry as follows ;— 
 
 1. To classify and describe the different forms of deterioration. 
 
 2. To ascertain their causes and consid.'r the varL.us theories in vogue respecting 
 
 J. 
 
 3.. To determine whether they began to operate before or after the process of can- 
 
 ning commences 
 
 4. To consider the present methods. 
 
 5. To provide a remedy and prepare a scheme for the profitable preservation of 
 lobsters. 
 
10 
 
 MAliIXE AND F/Sf/EHIES. 
 
 DISCOr.OHATION AND ITS CAUSES. 
 
 _ First of " blackening." Tliis should 1„> described as •' .lisc.luratio,, " f...^ the colour 
 
 caus;:lS.^':t:;:t:..Z.,| •:''.:S:"'''' -'-- '"^^--^ '<-'^ '^" ''-■ - -Hfterent 
 
 1. Urowriisli discoloratinii of the paper ;doiie. 
 
 This t'or.n was found to be due to merely to scorching with an ov,.,h..;,t..d ropner too 
 .. .g apphed. To deterrnme this a can en.pty except for tire lining, was s.-al' d w a verv 
 hot c.pper, on opening, the paper was found scorched as described. A^rai,, ,, sin i ■ r d s 
 coloured «rea was ren.oved ron, ,he lining of a can and treated with h vdro I ^ c 1 d" 
 Clour was not re.uove,], pn.v.ng it was due to organi. .le.struction'of the p „' y 
 heat, and ot no serious moment excepting in respect of appearaiur ' ^ 
 
 - A yelowisn discoloration of metallic lustr.. alon^ the .scam of the ..an 
 _ J his IS observed in many .-ans newly mad.' and befnie the lobsfr is introduced and 
 IS due to cxeessivc heat m the soldering of the can itself, as can be shown n "p.; . 
 
 n" I'is'Pl^r^ '"' "' """^"'''^ '''"' '■•"'^ ^" '^ '''-^ '' ^■" ■''-'• -•- ''^-i^ 
 
 .'!. A purplish discoloration observable imnu'diatelv after the cans aiv remnved from 
 
 the second bath, which will be .leak with in consi<lering the " Remedy.' '" ^"'^""" 
 
 4. SL-LI'IilDE OK IKOX. 
 
 Tn another series a bhukness as intense as that of ink was observed commencing 
 
 n d . ' .K''i''";ill.v .'xtends to the contents of the can. This substance is soluble 
 
 n lylrochlonc acid and yields a precipitate of sulphur. When (iitered and diluted wi h 
 dstdled water and a .stream of sulphuretted hydrogen passed through, no preeipitaU 
 obtained, indicating that m. lead or tin is ,.re,sent. If tin were prcse'it we Clc have 
 
 '?S '^r:;';-;::;?' I' ''"'.T r --''-'■ ^f- -w.ammoLm'.li^^Mle 'S^i 
 .1 black piecpitate is brought down whu'li ,s soluble in hydrochloric aci.l, and with 
 potassium ferrocyanide yu.lds tlie -eaction of a ferrous .sal.. This diseolorationtl en is cue 
 to sulphide o iron and ,s cau.sed by the sulphuretted hydrogen acting upon he mn 
 
 u d/ "■;; '"'"^"" "■'■'^"' *'•'"" ^'"^ P"f'-t''^c-tive fermeniacion ot^roteid ma ^^.' 
 
 under the inlluence ot micro-organisms, as will afterwaids .appear. 
 
 O. SLI.l'lHDK OF TIN. 
 
 with'hv.'l/'''.l!l"''' 'V""'^'7'" ''y^'^^" tinge upon the paper. This material when treated 
 with h3 drocl lone acid and sulphurette.l hydrogen, produced a brown precipitate of nroto 
 sulphide of tin which dis,solved in sulphide of amiSonium, giving sulphi.le t!n when 
 aei.l was added a yelow instead of a bro. n precipitate wks^epaiated. This is he reac 
 
 Sie oi iron!'"""' ' '"'^'''"'' "^ ''" '""'^ ^"'"'"^ "' ^'^« ^'""« ^—■'- - 'h« ^Z' 
 
 G. OXIDE OF IRON. 
 
 A can wt H I ! T "f ;>!'^"^/''^>-- ^'^S^^ <>i "'on due to common oxide of iron. 
 A can was hi led with o solution ot salt and water and boiled for three hours when a 
 similar condition was produced. The material from the can answered a the tests ?or 
 
 hvd nt i"'"l V r' '] '? "^^' r^'"' '^"^'^•'"^ »'^^« ^ '^'-'^^^^ '-> precipitate of fine 
 M>atensoluble in hydrate ot potassium ; ferrocyanide of pota.sli gave a blue precipi 
 tate, and sulphocyanate of potash gave a deep red colour. ^ " ^ P'^'^"!'' 
 
DISCOLORATION IX CANNED LOBSTERS. 
 
 u 
 
 7. I3ACTEU1AL ACTION. 
 
 Discoloration due to bficteria. Tn many cans which arc in the early staije of putre 
 faction oik; observes (olonies of bacteria ujion the sui'face of the contents t;i\in<' a 
 uniform brownish tini,'e. Tliis may lie scraped off, leaving the tissue beneath of normal 
 colour. 
 
 From the foregoing it will appear that the ultimate source of a huge series of 
 discolorations is the presence and oi)eration of b.icter'ia. 
 
 Tt was therefore clear that an exhaustive bacteriologic study would ha\e to be 
 undertaken. To tids end, it was necessar\ to establish a laboratory where abundant 
 material was accessible. Accordingl}' in May, IS',))), this was d( ne in Charlottetown, 
 Prince Kilwari; Island, with all the necessary apj)liances. The work was continued 
 t' ere till the latter part of June, and reconunenced early in .luly to investigate some 
 matters which were overlooked during \.\w first visit. 
 
 OASES. 
 
 -iinilar 
 
 ' eagerly sought for is a bulging of the eiu 
 -s within. These trases art 
 
 of the 
 I produ t of bacterial 
 
 The sign of deterioration in 
 cans due to an accumulation o. 
 activity, and upon analysis were found to b(^ composed chietly of : 
 
 l:^ulpliuretti'd hydrogen. Carbon dioxide. 
 
 The material from which sulphuretted hydrogen niay be readily formed, is often 
 introduced into the can by the non-removal of the gut and its contents. The stomach 
 and gut of a living lobster were i)laced in a test tube with acetate of lead paper, within 
 six hours sulphuretted hydrogen was flevelofied in .ijipreciable nuantity and rapidly 
 discoloured the edges of the plate placed in contact with it. 
 
 Tiir.oiiir.s IN vooiK. 
 
 Among the numberless theories as to the cause of " blackening ' of lobsters the 
 use of acid easily holds the first place. Now, as a matter of fact, if a portion of lobster 
 tissue be immersed in pu''e hydrochloric acid for a few days it l)eeomi>s beautifully white. 
 Therefore, the use of acid in the manufacture of cans has been almost abandoned, and 
 much ingenuity has been displayed to procure a suitable substitute. The genei-al con 
 sent is in favour of employing a nnxture of rosin and linseed oil. Another preparation 
 is made as follows : "add one pound melted rt)sin to a gallon of lard oil, and stir to the 
 consistency of cream." The effect of strong acid iipjn the tin is of course to dissolve it, 
 but when tin is etched by a dilute acid the etiect is to dissolve the minute crj'stals more 
 (juickly than the larger ones, giving to the surface a frosted appearance (moiree 
 nietalli(pie. ) 
 
 SEASONAL INFLUENCE. 
 
 To determine what influence, if any, the time of year in packing exercises. .Small 
 packs were made in the following months: May, June, July, August, October and ^ 
 December. Upon examination of cans packed at these various periods it was not pos- 
 sible to observe any diffei'ence in quality in respect to colour. 
 
 THE QUESTION OF M01,TIN(i. 
 
 Tt is worth incpiiry if there is any connection between the deterioration and the 
 molting of the lobster, but before doing so, it will be ssecos'i.ary to discuss the details of 
 the process by which the shell is cast. 
 
 All shell-tish grow in stages. They are surrounded by a hard inelastic covering, 
 and when in the process of growth this covering becomes too small, it is cast off. This 
 is known as molting. The process was >vell studied by N'itzow in the marine laboratory 
 of Roscoff, and by Francis Hobart Herrick in the laboratory of the United States Fish- 
 ery Commission, at Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, from whose excellent report many of 
 
12 
 
 MA lilNE A XI) FISHERIES. 
 
 tl.es,. ,,l,VMoluj,^u.al HtaUMn.-nts are tak..,,. Ti,. shell nf a lobster varies i„ l.anlness a„.l 
 colnur. .lepen.iu.^ „,u.u ,l,e ,.enu.| sinee ,l,e last ,n..l,, A,, ani.nal whieh . ^n 
 
 >T 1 I l" m"'"" "\"^'""-"-" '^^ -"-^t shell,- ..,.ew slH.ll,-..,.a, 's , i 
 
 In I'riiice 
 
 It is i.nus.ial (., ohtain soft shell lohsters l.etore the 
 
 I'idw.inl [slaiHi 
 
 Mii.IJl., ,.f I,. I.. . 1- 1 .• , ' """" """" ■"^"''" loiisters before the 
 
 nuklle ot .l„ly at ulueh t„ne a tew may W fo.uul i„ the ti-aps with the east oil' shell v 
 their sule, or the shell alone n,ay he fo„„.|. tho ani.nal having eseane.l l.v va on , H 
 sM.alerMxe. Hh^ .u.wly „,oltecnobster lies lint,, and helplessjau is overil ly,, i 
 
 11 east ol hut he l,n,„u of t.e stomach, o.opha.n.s an.i inte.tim> is exfoliated as we 
 these str.U'tures Ikmii- .lerived from infoldin-s of the skin Waiter i. I 
 
 al.sorh.l and the tlesh converted into a pulpy mass. T^on' "now ^ u' e i:.;:^'^ 
 size and a va\m\ liardenin- of the new shell. 'n-nK.d in, i,as. m 
 
 Many factors ,1^,, to account for this rapid growth of the shdl. ( „, cad, side ,,t the 
 stoicacli ..f a inoUiii, lobster are found two bodies an inch Ion. and half an in h 1 ick 
 eo.i.poscd of calcareous matter and known as .astroliths. ■tIh.sc bodies a be a^ 
 itxow su,,,.ests, '■dissolved 1,1 the acids of the stomach and entering the Ivin -fo n a, 
 
 no^anic reserve comparable U. phosphatic pla,p.es found in th.r n,br ^s " 
 
 t.ctus n ruminants. ( ,. the other lian<l llerrick may be ri^lit in holdi.e^ that he e 
 .U^is roluhs '-represent the l.ine which has been removed bx absorption fVoi Ik old 
 shell preparatory to the i.iolt." Ihit there is a more obvious^ source of sup If ) . , 
 areous ma ter necessary for the formation of the new shell. After mult, /th bst^ 
 is in the habit ot sv.allown.j,. tra.mients of shell, which are chan^.-d in t h,. stomach o acid 
 I.h.-phates and thence carri,.! by the blood to the locality where they aiv m 1 1 
 <!.. ..ul to say what period inust elapse before the shell ac.piires any ^.i id " 1 de. ■ 
 ot hardness. iiemui.m, speaking of the craylish. s.ys that he has seen the new if e 
 eome as hanl as the old m •> , hours, but tha,' it usually re.,ui.vs from two t, t re a ■ • 
 n hart ran, re^erri,,. to the same animal, says he has sel,u the shell resutne its „on lal 
 cons s ency ,n t.s hou,-s \ U/ow admits that the carapa.-e has become perceptibly L,'. 
 n _ I luans. l,u, that r hour^. must expire before it il completely so.' t ^wou d e , i 
 
 ndth'i U ;"::;; '''fr'V*''""r ■' -'-'--''l-> variation -in the time re, ud 
 .UKl tliat it is not marketable for at least a month. 
 
 Now. from experience, the condition of the H.-sh has no bearing upon its detcriora- 
 
 > 
 
 TIIK (^KSTION OK SIZK. 
 
 size, anil, therefore, the ai,'e of the 
 
 It remains yet to eonsider what bearinic tlio 
 lobster has upon its yalue as a preserycd food!^ 
 
 .1 f ^^•'' ''?'■''/,!;"' "• '"''"''■'" ''■'"'^' ■'■•'■ ^'"^ '•■•'^'^ f''<>'n ^vhich the a^e of a lobster may be 
 c l-t^.u-mmed. he a^e can scaively be determined by direct observation, simv the .o. - 
 
 wl 'ui 1 '""''""'"«''^' ^°'r' .«"PP'y- teu>perature, kc, probably introduce variations 
 
 ea I V l''7 ";-''r V"'^' "^""^: iM..u,u.. By ob.serva: ion, Herrick foumi that one 
 
 .ea.hu. lobster which had been hatched from the egg mea.sured U inch, while three 
 
 :^:". "";:;;";r ""''"^- '", ''^^'T''"• "" '''" --^mcted a t;u>ie f;om whS 
 
 .ipp..ai.. that tleincrease ni length after each molt is about twelve per cent of the 
 
 ,rey,ous ength or one-eighth, that is, an eight-inch lobster wouhf mea re n e 
 
 ches att^r molting. If now the number of molts and the time interval could e 
 
 scertamed .some conclusions could be drawn. In another table he estimates I at a 
 
 lU mJ.e.s long, .'..times. This leads Inm (o the conclusion that a 10 inch lobster is 
 
 gZth- " ^"''' '• ^' "'" ^' ^"" """ *'"^^ '^' '«^«^«'- '-^ ^" ---^1 -^ rnthei slow 
 
 ..{^l^l"'''''''''''^^^^^ inches long discloses tiothin-r 
 
 w:r^;!;:::t"m '""' ''"■" """^ '^^ ^'"^"•"^' ^'^^ ^''^^^--^ «^ - "->« ^'-- ^ 
 
DISCOLDliA'JiOX IX ('.1A'.VA7> /.<) !iSTk/;s. 
 
 13 
 
 (QUESTION OK SKX. 
 
 tlie 
 
 
 W'f \\n\r iKiw to ciiiisidiT ulictlici- tljc sex of tlic lol)stfi- liii'< aiiv liraiiiiu' i"|ioii tlii. 
 (lelci'ioiiitioii of tilt" riUiiuMl |ii((iluct. Itywayof piffacc to tliis coiisidi'iatioii, a short, 
 statf'incnt of the sexual liahits of the lolistci- will he iicctissaiy, 
 
 Tln'r(Ms a i-oiiijilctc sc()aiat,ioii (/f llut sexes. 'I'li" female is smaller in si/e, ilie 
 <'la\vs aic less liii^'lily (le\elo[)e(l. The alxloiiieii is liioader ami moic (■(ttiei\e. 'I'he tii-st 
 |>air of swimmeretts is rodtii-ed ill si/e to admit of the more cnmplete tiexiiii.' of the 
 alidomeii fof the |ifMtect ion of tlii' e^'Lfs. 
 
 The ofLtaiis of fein-oduetioti aie, (I ), tl \ai-ies. consist iiij; of two masses uf tissue 
 
 cuniuH;ted by a l)i'id;,'e and situated in the d( csal re-ion, extending,' fiom ilie middle nf 
 the caraiiace to the fourth or fiftli alidominal segment. Just pievious to laviii", the 
 ovaries are seen (illed with ej,'t,'s, which may he removed hy cuttini; into the wall."' (•_'.) 
 Two sjiort tubes leadini; from the o\aries and o|ienin,i; into (."i) two small slits upon the 
 basal sejrineiits of the st!,(.nd p;druf walking; lei,'s. (4.) The leeepiaele for the fertilizimr 
 element of the male situated between the third |)air of le;,'s. (.">.) (JIands which secrete 
 a cement sid)stance for .>ecuiiii^' the (>i,'j,'s, after they have been laid, to the abdominal 
 appendages. The mali- lobster possesses a pair of testes, opening Ijy ducts at the base 
 of the last pair of walking; le;,'s, and tiie first pair of alidominal legs are modilied as if to 
 serve for conductini,' the fluid, which is inclosed in gelatinous capsules, into the seminal 
 receptacle of tlio female. 
 
 The pairiiiLC of lolisters may take place at any time of the year and a|tparentlv has 
 no conncu'tioii with the condition of the ovaries of the female. The seminal fluid can be 
 obtained from the receptacle of the female independently of the time of laying, hatching, 
 or even molting. Tlie male element i;. stored up until needed, and retiiins its vitality 
 for a very long time. 
 
 Ther(> is a conflict of evidence as to how often the lobster lavs eggs, when they an; 
 laid, and liow long they are carried externally. 
 
 It is (juite true that lobsters may be taken at all seasons of the year, with the c^r.s 
 in all stages of development, but this does not affect the main statement that, for the 
 majority of lobsters, there is a definite breeding season. The process of laying is as 
 follows : The eggs are extruded from the body after being carried about a year, and are 
 fertilized by coming in contact with the spermatozoa ready stored up in tin; seminal 
 receptacles of the female. The tail is folded in, and the eggs'are attached to the swim- 
 nieretts by means of a cement substance .secreted in s])ecial glands, and there carried for 
 about ten months. The lobster is now said to be in " berry." Then tht; embryos 
 escape as free swimming animals in the ocean. 'J"he number of eggs is very lari'e, a 
 twelve inch lobster producing about fifteen thousand. Seeing then, that the female 
 lobster spends, the most of its time in the business of reproduction, it is very important 
 to decide its value as a food supply, especially since the number of males and females is 
 probably enual. 
 
 First, lobsters can never at any period of life be coinparf^d with fish bearin" thtnr 
 roe, because; the eggs ripen over a period of two years, and there is no sj)awnin<' time 
 comparable in point of intensity with that which obtains in the cas<; of fish. 
 
 In the report of the English Fish Commission presented in 1877, it is stated that 
 "the lobster when in berry is in the very best possible condition for food." The only 
 evidence adduced is the fictions of fishermen and cooks. The fishermen wished to 
 continue catching the female fish, and the cooks lusted after the eggs for the garnishiiH' 
 of salads. One witness remarked with the real fisherman's wisdom "lobsters in berry 
 are worth twice as much as any other, the spawn is bruised and put into sauce and 
 makes better sauce than the lol)ster itself. In salads it is boiled and sprinkled over the 
 salads ; it is a capital article of food. The caoks will not have the lobsters without 
 spawn." rpou such information as this, and with logic like a fisherman's, the Commis- 
 sioners are led to remai'k "it would be as illogical to prohibit the taking of lobsters in 
 berry as to prohibit the trying of full herring." 
 
 On the other hand, ib rrick shows that a lobster in berry is actually lighter than a 
 female not carrying external eggs, by an average of 1 ■ <i3 ounces. 
 
14 
 
 MAHIXE AM) riS 
 
 IlKRIES. 
 
 In thj. .-us., of smaller lol.stors, tlu; diin.n.noe was fonn.l 
 
 ounc-,.. The n.alos are hoa i; u.X f r ,^ 1 "''/" '"" .""'^ '^ ^•■""' "^ '"> 
 
 .•laws. Tl.o ,uatt,.r was put to 1 . . 'u 1 " " '"i V' "'" '"«'■'■ '^i"^ <'^' ^he 
 
 oanni„.l...tw..,.„th^U;;.;;i^;:;'"'"'"'^^ "• ^'"- """'-"'y t.. d<-U.ri.wati.m after 
 
 K\AMi\.ATi()\ or rissnos. 
 1(1 arrive at a corichision as tn wlietlwr li.livt,.,. .; 
 
 '■■•"'"';"■'. it "», .,,»r,. ,i,,t t;!;™; :;':,;;' '■','""■',""' "■■i«"i."i.«i.' 
 
 ■IIIK lil.dul). 
 
 A iniMilier (if (roodsizcd 
 
 i.i,,n,i >v„. a, ,,,„,,, ,„,,,,p; ;;■;;- jj;,.';;;;;^^^ ..da„,t,,,. 
 
 npoti the s /e of the aiiiiinl nvl M.,. tl, i '|"intit,\. 1 he amount ( eiieru s 
 
 ti- i.io..i issued i w s :l: v\s ^ :' ^'r^'r ""'' r '•;''>'" "f^^^-'^''"" - ^'•"'- ^s 
 
 tin,, layers trausparent. in wi^'H el/t ;''''^;^'''''''^?'^'^'' "Pal.seent clot, i„ 
 
 f.-on. the presen...' of flaky u,:: ,,';:.'; ^^7^'"' 'i>i;'l<n..ss. opa(,ue. 
 
 appeared on the surface, a, first ILd , Tue h. n ,' Vl 1 .'""' '^'''"'^'' ^-'^•'■'■^""" 
 
 exten,l(Hid(.w,,wanlin.(. thesuhstVnce. he , "V''^"' ^'"^' ^^'"'^ '"'o"'' 
 
 its thickness, an.l after a Un.e he ;S. ' ". ! ."iledT m''""' °' '"r"^ ""''-^'"-' 
 e.xudation of a dark-coloured serum. '^ ""' ■^'^"X" ''"'our, with the 
 
 Ilus cojoui" disapiieai's on he'itincr t.i \ai\ f : , , , 
 
 of hydrochloric acid (!.' hvdro^ ,;;."• i? .!^ ,^.; '"i^^^"' '*"^''' '^ -.''y "'" -l-'ition 
 WluMi further heated it Assumes a brown hue S. h "''"'"" r"' "V'^ '"'"■'>' '"•^^"•• 
 T1.0 blue colour does not return .,/"n]f :'':,:"":; T ITl^ "' ^'" ^'"•^'^'^"' 
 exposure to air, there is a slight reappetr nee Ti o " ^'''''''^''^ ''> ^^'^^er, but on 
 
 eliloroform. ether or peroxid.^ f LS! ' •■"'our.ng matter is not soluble in 
 
 -^ absorptive b.nd^ ^hmlgl. IS^i^ a/I^S^r th^'^ .'^T'^^'^ ''^'^ '^ >■''"'' 
 colouring matter is a respiratory imnnenr; " the whol,> spectrum. This 
 
 stucly. Tl. nucroscopic eianSioll'^niL uZ'':;Z\7\Z^ .vS^'T" .^•■^^-- 
 and a X(.). -^ ocu ar revealed wl.if.. l>l,.r„i > ' "lutn was made with ^'., olnect ve 
 
 "■ ";' """ """" *" iv -mj ta^ r:'i;r;,K,.';'iS!'' ' "r '■' "■' 
 
 protoi.ks,,, f,,„„„,lar .u„i stai„i„s faintly wit! m.tlw . ;' l'" , '"T" '',' S"" '''" 
 
 THE MUSOLK. 
 
 din, and ligl. itripe. i„^l;lr.«Ve:tS i^^^^^^^^ 
 
 broader than in the mammalian musMo T^ fi i .'""''•^'^ »* t'>e crab, but much 
 
 light stripe is almost as Cad^ tT^d m s'tHpf fnTe^rt '■ T*,r'^' /''^^' *''^ 
 there as a well n.arked line or n.embrane know fas Dobi h" > K... '^'"''' r"'"^' 
 Ihis hne seems to consist of a row of ,r,...n„u ''!'/^""'^^ .'">f' "' Krauses meml)rane. 
 way between it and t^^^hJX^^Jj^^t^^^-^''^ ""'t ^'^ ^^"^"^'^ '•"" '"^'^ ^'d- 
 ing with the lateral disc of En-^lenmn ^ ^^"' '' ^"°'^"' ''''"' '"'" eorrespond- 
 
 cent^'ofsrr:?;;^;;:^^ The 
 
 
DISCOI.ORA'I lOS IX c.WX/:/) LDllsTEllS 
 
 15 
 
 Bosklcs tlic ti'Miisvcrsc .sM'i.'itinii tlicn' is a lunyitudiiril striatiun (juc to tlic iiM'sciu-*' 
 fif lihrillcs. Histologically tlu'ii, tlii' ninsclc of tln' lolisicr is almost iilciitiial with tiia^ 
 of tilt! ci'al). 
 
 i;i'iiif:i(Mis. 
 
 Tho e;i(l('iinis covering' the surface, and from wliirh tlic shell is sccrctod, is com. 
 jjosed of epitheliti cells, containing a pi;,'m('iit ,solu!)lo in ether, and chh.rofonn. On 
 evaporation of the ether, an oily residue remains piLrmented hkI, wliich, wjien combined 
 with alkalies, forms a soap. 
 
 DIOSCmi'lIoN OK l-WKSKNT M KTIK >lis. 
 
 and 
 
 
 It will he necessary to giv(! s(*me small description of the methods at iirc-ent 
 employed in the lobster packing industry. It shouhj he said in the outset that those 
 engaged in the industry are using their' best etVoris to secure satisfactory results and 
 that any failure is due to causes t>ntir'ely beyond their knowledgt;, and all tho.se with 
 whom vvo came in contact showed a disposition to do everything in their jirjwci' to 
 forward th(> investigation. At the same time, in many cases llie wonder is not, that tho 
 canned pi'oduct is so bad, but that is as good as it icallv is. Many of th(? faclor-ies 
 arcs moic hovels with inadeipiate appliances for ordinar'y cleanliness, and under the best 
 conditions it is to be renrembcrcd that the quantity and kind of offal connected with 
 tlie process is admii'ably suited for' tin; gr'owth of jiutrefaetive nucro organisms. The 
 factories are seated upon the shor'c with stages leading into deep watei' for the accommo- 
 dation o ' boats, or' the buildings therirseUes arc at the end of a sta<'e connectiii" with 
 the shore. Her'c the boats come laden with lobsters fr'om the tr'aps, and they are then 
 count(^d out. They ar'o shovelled into casks and at on f thr'own into a vat and boiled. 
 The time during which they are boiled is said to be about tifteen rrrinutes, but bv actual 
 test of marry cases, we found it to bt; nc/u'cr half an hour' when all the lobstcr-s w'ei'e out. 
 They ai'e then thr'own ujion large tables t(j cool, and when cool ai'e "broken of}" that 
 is, the body is broken tVom the tail, and the claws reirroved bv striking against the side 
 of a V)arr'el into which they fall. 
 
 The tails are taken to the "tail table' and the meat either " punched " or 
 "pulled." That is, either pushed out from behind with a suitable instrument, or pulleil 
 out in fr-ont with a fork. The latter method is pr'eftn'abie, as otherwise the last sei'iirent 
 of the tail is apt to be broktm olf. The claws are cracked and the meat shaken out : the 
 " arms " are split lorrgitudinally and the " ai'in-ineat" pulled out with forks. Next the 
 tails are split and the gut removed. This splitting may he done upon the " front " or 
 back. Front splitting is preferred since it does not interfere witli the contour of the 
 body. The l)lood which has coagulated in the claws in boiling is removed by w.'ishing 
 in sea-water, and the tails are clearrsed in the same way, care being taken to remove as 
 much of the " gr-een-gland " as possible, which in boiling has tinged the upper part of 
 the tail. The meat is placed in strainers, and soon is r'eady to be packed. The cans 
 are of two sizes, half-pound and pound : of two shapes, tall or flat. So there are 
 " pound-tlats ' and "pound-tails,'' " half-pound flats " and " half-pound talLs.'" 
 
 As the lobsters which ar'e taken ar'e becoming snraller year by year, it takes an 
 increasing number to fill a can. The average now is about six to a pound. 
 
 The cans are lined on the bottom and sides with vegetable parchment of suitable 
 shape. The tails are curled uj) and placed in the bottom: then comes a little arm 
 meat, and the claws are laid in rows on top. .Salt has to be added, and one has heard 
 much discussion as to whetlier it should be put in first or last, whether dry or in the 
 form of pickle. The m^at is " pm.s.sed," the can "wiped.' the paper lining is; put on 
 and finally the can is covered. The cans are now gi\en to the sealer, and an expert 
 workman will seal a thousand in a day. When the day's catch is in the cans, the 
 " bathing" begins. A huge vat is filled with water and kept boiling by a fire of 
 hardwood in a bi-ick furnace. The cans are placed on trays and swung in by means of 
 a crane. The practice of packers differs, but the average length of the first bath is one 
 
16 
 
 .W.IA7A'A' tX/, ns ///■:/;/ /,s. 
 
 •-••',vs plan..! n„ ,, rark. T Lm, ,1... s.,H..rs m... „ 1 ' '■■"" ;"'" '"•"•"•'' •"" ■"'•' "'<• 
 
 ;' ^i-i- i-.n, i„ i,s ,■„...,, ,„.. s 'a, ,^ ':";:; Z '"'"! 7"' 'r'"'^" ""^""^ ''-'"« 
 i-';;'-iM, ,1... ,..ns is v.nuusiy .i..si,nato,i. si ;:i: •,';;;;,!' 'rT";''- 7''iv'i'--'-" -f 
 
 ;...:;;:;::;.i.,;:;v;:::u:;:;r-' ''-'•"''•■''- -;^:." .-:-;.. ;-::;-,,:;;:;;- 
 
 '" ' '■.;•--•. an.l th,. I,,ilt--|,n„,„l r.ns !m; i„ ,., ,.,."• '"' '""'""' '■"'^ •"'• l""l^''l ^^ 
 
 ,'';"■ "'"•'••ll|'l".V<VS, IIHMI ,in>l \V,„n,Ml 111,, hn.in.. i 
 
 •-' I'l'-.n,,,,.. ,h,. ,,,v ,s I. ,„,! „n s ;„, .1 ;"" \'' '""' ""Pi'-'is.-u.t. Tl,. wn.k is 
 
 'n.lnl,..,luMrpn,p,:n:i,i,.s:wh..l, ,,, ,,m " n, T '" , '""' "'"^' '•"^'•^"'"1 I'-n.. t., 
 
 , . ■'•'"'^•-i is'ai.u.ui,.,,, , ..:':,"":;:; ':';^ '"" •;;• -ai,!....,..,.,,..!. 
 
 r ■iiiii>- ■ ' " ' ^ ' ' > Hi'liralc. run- ii. ,-.... .■ ■. 
 
 "'"'■"''- •""■ the . •,.,,1.1,1- ,,(■ i, ,,v, 
 
 I'SK i>l' S \|.| 
 
 .« a.l.l,..i. :n,u as sal, a.ul wa.o.- an ' .1 , n, i 1 :'''' ^' ' '"■";'^-'-'' "'-- -.1, >l.,.nl.l 
 tWi.s ..,Mp!..ynu.,„. Tl,.. „s„al a, ,,,.,„ '.''"T"- "';;'•" '^ " """-' nwl,...,.,.,..,,, 
 -ln^-1. is .n,ln.l..,l in ,1.. vvi^l.t an! ,| ..', . '" ''"■'^'" ".' "'" •'"•' l"""..l .-... 
 
 •"■■'-,,nn .„• p,„,i,. ,„ s..„H. „;„.!.. I ; ,,'•'' -^'^ 'V ^-"''^ "^ M"' -h,.l., a valual.l,. 
 'i.y sal,. Tlu. ,.,.s, p,...u.„.... s....„,s ,. 1, i ; . J ' : •■ "'"';'"" """'' •'^''■•^" ''^^ l'*^^''^-'' i" 
 
 . ■•>• salt. Now. as ..n- pa,. ..f h s , ^^ . ^.r """^ Vl I^'"'*'"''^^-' *--• -"I -'M th. 
 
 t.Msp.„.nt„ls. thnvf,.,-,.. ,.f .hv sal, so. ,,,:'''' '^ '''''■''''* '^'' ''"•'^■*> '•*' salt. Tw,. 
 
 I'SK OF |.I\I\,;s. 
 
 " I.KAKS" AMI " DO-OVEIiS. " 
 
 WluMi the cans arc iTiuoved fn.m th,. first huh ,1,^ .. i 
 expa.usu.n of tho heat...l air and st.au. itin y '\ ' T'"' '-■'•"^■"^' ^'^^'"S to the 
 
 ther. will I,, no .xpansi,,,,, and wh m „ etur 1 r , .' ''''";i "'"'' ^'^ '" ^'''^ '" "'« ^''"^ 
 t - oan is pnnctur.;i and s;al.,l tie enT "^ono v > ""\ "'" "? " ^^^'•" -^'^ --" -^ 
 there is a :,.ak in any .an this n.ncav Ins X V, ')-'"'\'^^^'^'' "le second bath, if 
 
 ^uch a .an is known'as a - I.ak vt t s t ^ n 1 7' ''"' '^ ••^^^'''■^-'«'' ^Y oonvexity. 
 
 with a bit of nunal. a nail o.- a pie.e f l^L^ and'TL ^. l"T-^ "'f '"P'^ ^'^ ^'•'^' -^"« 
 aside. This test is of very unoerLin valne s Ihe , •''"'' • f ^''^"'^ '^'''^fJ 'u-e set 
 
 can and the proxi.nity of the eon ents o the cove ?'''"^ T^' ''' ^■""""- «^" ^'^e 
 dedared by paekers to be " leaks • were s.vu tl u i . -V""^"'' "* '''''' ^^'''i<='' ^''^''e 
 found to be sterile after three n ntht Tl isr • Tf '^^'^'^ "'""ended. Thev were 
 .•e-barhe.l for half an hour. These oanl ^ known as M o .. ""■ "'? " ""'"'*-"' -«' 
 nitenor valu. Ody a linmed nu.uber L-t pw" in ^^0^'" T^" ^""''"'•'^ "^ 
 'leaks will depend on the .are exe-eised in mile. ,1 , ^ '"^ Pe'-centaire of 
 
 niperfe.tly sealeii 
 
 cans. 
 
 ^ince out of five hundred 
 
 cans 
 
 and sealed by us with only ordiri'irv ^.,i.<i „ ^«^ ^ , "-^^ i;iiua pm 
 
 no 
 
 put up 
 
 ow. 
 
 •n, if a leak should occur it is to be 
 
, 
 
 hlSi uil.Di; \Tl(>\ IX , asm: I, l.<>l!srKi;s. ly 
 
 m;.mM;nn,,,..,.,,d,)M. |.n...,...n,'..l^ mm.,„.,.,| ,n„n ,1... lirM JnsN.uI 
 
 ' ""*:'> '""l"'.^'."- '■•■'" '■" li.'lt .„ hour, w|,„ h, ,,., n,. knnw, ,s n,-„lli,.i,.n. ,„ ,|,.Mn,y 
 
 '"' ''"'""^'•>' ^" '" ','! '"•^"; ""■' ""■ '■"""■'"■ "M,'l,l Im. in,i,M..| (iH.rrl.v, (l,„u..|, pnSMl.lv 
 
 I'll: M \ I l.l;l \l, nil; sdllM lilM.. 
 
 M;n,N n,;,k,.r. |,.v,. .,.,.,t1 nuMur !(,.„ ,,„n-|,; | ,,, .,,,,, ,.,,,,. A- . ,n;m,., .,^ 
 
 '•"■' •';'■;."",' '■",'" -'''" "."■■"l'l'"""'''l -l^.'nil.u.v It ,,.,„|,.,-, .1,,. „nta,-M,n.„f,;n,s 
 
 "";'■"""""'•■""' "■'"■^' '" ■•'II' 'I- -'••, n,Mn ,•„, , |„. ,,.,M,..,.,| wi,h„u, .„„.. 
 
 wlirn tl,.., ■;,,., sh,.,|,.,,,lH- ru.i,, ^uktl/rs ;,,:,! | „.n,„.,,l ,•. ,1,.. ,,ss,„. u„|, „.,„|,,„,- 
 
 A-.'ini, .hall ii„. l,„ii,M,i 1... MuM,.,-,.,! „,„,„ ih. im.I.. ,,, iI,,. i.,si,|,. n|' i !„. caM ' This 
 
 " ■' I""" ;;"'"'• "' ' V. ■...,■„.■... .hu„..|, ,„ s,„ ,,nnln,.., tl,,.,-,- is a n..,-„lal i,.,, that all 
 
 .•ui.s shall hav.. ll,,. KnduM.s u|..m t h,. o,it.,i,l,. oi, arr, , ,,f a wimn.fal l„.li,.f tl,,. the 
 
 .laii-.T ttui,, l,.a.| |,n,sun,i,;r ,s h.ss,.,ir,l l.y this iiiaiiMMn tv, „,1,|,.,. I,,,,,,;. an allny ..l' I,.,,] 
 
 .■■ii|,|i|,|;| Vi,. 
 
 I< isi„ 11,.- s„l,i,.,.i,.;,„f tl„. ,.,.,.,. that th.. lnl,st,.,. |,a,.k ,-. la„,.v ha ■ a„ „|,|„„.t „nit y 
 
 l.;-.,at,.t,., n.vra! th. natun- ,„ tl„. ■■ tlnx ,|„.y w,.,-. ,.sin.^ S„„„. afr.-rt,..! „. ii,„i 
 vifdl,. 11, a saMifat.r.l s,,„„u'... j'hr ,„ai„ thin,; is that, whatr.s,.,. ,„at,.,-,al 1„. ,,-,,1 u,,! 
 
 tiu-T ts m,M„„.. l.,.tt..,- than tl .hnary "salts „f |.,„„n ■ it -.1 1,| 1„. „.,,) i„ „„„|,.,,,. 
 
 M.m. a.„l „,„ a lnw..,| t,. l|,,w ,|,,wn „|,.,„ the r,,nl,.n.- ,.f !!,.■ ran. h, many ras-.s th.- 
 '•opiMT r,M,,lnv..,i was t,..u laf.-,-, an,! ..„„v,.y..,l .1,,. |„.a. to th,' i,it,.,i.,|- uf ,h,.ran Tl,.. 
 c'lvsivnti,' sha|i,'.l snl.|..rni/j; irons Un- this ivason ar.- ohj.-.^t ionaJ.I,.. 
 
 of lilt; i;\|||. 
 
 I" llnvc ,,1 Ih,. lai'jrost, ta,.U.ri,.s th,. h..at i. a,,, 1 lo , h,. ,.ans in imn ,..t,.rt> l.y 
 
 1... us., oj l,v,- sL,.an.. Ill th.. .-afly part of th.. in,|niry, as will aftrrwanis x|,lain..,| 
 
 ll..'pnn,..[,l,.sas|a,.l,„wn l.y I'ast.-ur for tl... st..rili/,al ion of ,n,.,lia vv.m,. a,,pl„.,l an.l 
 l.a,l to „. al,an.lon..,|. I |,on this l.asis tl„. use of sfain r,.torts Uo„l,l llav L.-.-n 
 inva ual.l,.. I.ut stn,',. it ,s us.-h.ss ,|,.alini; with a t.un|..M.atnrc of h.ss than that ..f Kit) 
 t. tiu. tu.c.;ssity tor strain r.-t.-rts no lon^.,.r ...xists. Th.. ,n..th...l of iisiny th.. ,...t,,rts at 
 
 pr.'soiit IS taulty, l)..,.aiis.. too liiirh a t,.|n,)..ra( ur.. is ..inpl,,y..,|. ft is t| i,.,,,,,, ,., j,, ' 
 
 trod...... sfam till tlu; pr.>ssur.i -au-,, n-ist«rs fifl....n pounds t., th.. s,,„ar.. in,.h an.i 
 
 .;is th,> Kau-.., .l.,.-s not l„.^ri„ t,., n.-^JHtor till th.- .•it,n..sph,.ri.- ptvssur.. of 1| ,„;„„ds 
 IS ..v.M.c.mo, an actua, pressure abnv., tl,„ va..uiii„ ..f L'i) p.mnd, is l,,-!,,:; used Vc-ord 
 m- .. lu.-nault s tal.l.'s this is t.. 1,.. translat,.,! into a t..n,p.Matur.. .,f I'ls Falif..nl...it 
 wluel, IS to,, high tor any tiss,,,. int.-n.l...l t.. 1.,. us...l as food. B.-sidcs as hi-d. a torn 
 jHTatur.. IS .hsastrous to tho tin. In any tin ...ystal th,> ...>.,.tlicio.,t of tlionni-.Txpansioa 
 has one value m the direct...n .f th.. principal axis, a.,.1 another in that ,.f the sul.sid- 
 uuy jvxis. AlH.ve :i 3 V they assun,,. .lillerent values, an.) as th., crystals are ..rient^Kl 
 m a law ,.ss tasliH.n they t..,,.! U. .Iisi„t.>grate. At th., same time steam retorts inay be 
 use.l ami titte.l with a tlu'rinonieter inst.,.ad ,.f a -au-e, and the st(.a.n intro.l,i..,.d with 
 out pi-essure. 
 
 The folh.wing is an abstract ..f It.^-naults tabl.. iv.luce.l t.. |.'ahr..riheit s.-ale • 
 (;a„K..sl,„w„„01.s. ,,..,■ s,,.,„. T,.,„p..na„n.'F. 
 
 ^ Ol .) 
 
 ^■■'' 0J5 
 
 ^ '^ •):!■! 
 
 ^"•^ •>40 
 
 ii-;5 oto 
 
 1^-3 ;: 0^5 
 
18 
 
 M Alt I. SIC AM, risilhli 
 
 IKS. 
 
 iiMi: 111 iiDji.isi. IN Mii.:i,i„ 
 
 T.. (1 
 
 I'tcrmiiic the 1,'iiu'tli <<i i Jmi' I', 
 
 r wllicll liihsl.T- sli,,||l,| I 
 
 '■ linilnl lli,. tnllMUiMi,' 
 
 l'N|HTIIIii'llt W .Is iiiikIc 
 
 Si\ lolislcis uciv lil;i,',.|| ill liuiliii" uiti.i ,1,,! , i ■ 
 
 i"'^--'''!" •■ '",1 ..1 l-uilin-sln.nl.l l„. ^iv.M, i„ tlu. .1,,. ,||' , ' '''''^' 
 
 <" I'-at hnim a,i,,lir.l t„ ,1,.. .■;,i, ,„,. ,. .Ini, i , , , ' ' '"■■'^""•"" """""" 
 
 -- '-■ ih.- louu... L.I ,i„. iL, .1 :',„ ,",:';: ':i::;r'-'-' 7" ''"i-;"' "i-n .•..• 
 .n./i!2,.::';::,i;;;;:'''' '■'^""•'"'--^' .•— a,,:,...,.,...,;.,,,,.:,,!,,,,.,.,,,,,,, 
 
 I II llii- (|iit-.iinh ?i(i answer can lie •ri\,.n 1,,,,..,,,. ;, i i , , 
 
 ;"..' l,':: :;■;:. ':;"^u;,":;:' ':;;^:;:::- ;l ■;:;;;:;-;,';'s:i:7r'; ":« ■' 
 
 Aiiiitlicr very iinporlaiii (Hirslimi i^ ; 
 May luhsttTs wliiih haw .lir.l Kct'oiv Ih-j, 
 caniiiiii.' .' 
 
 Til (li'it'iiiiiiit 
 
 ISK iiK HKAi, |.ii|;s||:i;s. 
 
 pluiii,'!..! iiitu l„,ili,,- walcr lir iim.(1 f, 
 
 '-""■'niMinr.liis six Inl.si.TS w,.,v 1<,1|,.,1 l,v f.iivil.lv Livakili- nn tl. . ■ I 
 
 r:;t:.j:;:;:::j,;:pr^f.t;---;,;^^ 
 
 -i™ u Mu,':,,::';:;;,,;!™;:,.:;;;',:,' '^ "■''»■" ■" •«"^- --i- ■ ■^- ■ „ 
 
 J-:"';:'™!:*;:":!':;ar';;/r™e,::;';''"'''''^-' ■"■»"- -(«iv..iy. 
 
 "ri— i>i«i'.vi.- i.i"'Vn;.:;;Jir k;;;:;;;;;,-::,,,:;!™'; ™ ■'- ■■''" "■• 
 
 I-1I...I.- I..l.»t..r m 1 ,.,.,■,,. six,,,.,, I,,,,,,., ,,|.,„, ,|„„j,, ,i^J„^ .J^,;;" • <- ■ l» -0 C. 
 
 ■' IIKKAKIM; OKI-- .M.IVK,." 
 
 nieth.ui a oonsi,leral)IP l..^s sine.. •, f.i , IL/?. i • , f P'"^'" ^''^'•«' '« "^y this 
 
 yet in any ease a consideral^e a ni .^ S ^ " bsfin I' T ""' ""' "'"^^^ "^ '''""''' 
 oc..vgulu..i ah.,ut the ha,se of th.> Iw and ho'nn T !'?' " '" '/ ^^'^P'^'^''-^ "^'^ '^ 
 
Inl|.i« ini' 
 
 />lsr,,i,o/;.\rioX I.\ CANXhJh Lo/iSTt:/;. 
 
 I'Mds \\i,<\ i.iAiti.i: iM i)i:ii;i!i()i; \ n 
 
 i>\. 
 
 '" <l'-icriiiiiM' wlictlicr dtii' )i(n(iuii ,,t' il 
 
 ■'I'liil Im-i , ,■! iiiiiiilirc i,\' r:i\\ 
 
 Nn ilill'cl 
 Uliiaiihc 
 
 I'lMc (•(iiilil lie olisri's (■(! ill 1 1 
 
 •^ wen- |i;irki.,l Willi 
 
 >'■ ;iiimi;il is iiioi'i' li.il,!,. I,, ,|,,, 
 
 "•lil WS UlllllC 
 
 19 
 
 rrn.r.ti,. n,,,,, 
 
 11' result- 
 
 Th 
 
 i"i'si"i.sa simiit III',, win, I, apprur.ii,,.,. i,, t| kniirkl, 
 
 Tin: i,.i Ai,,n oi nn nv |.|, vik 
 
 iiiid nilnMN with mils iiloiif. 
 s iilways. Ii..w..\,.,, ,.vcn in |„,i|,,,| 
 
 (■\<'ii L'(M),(ll|ii ras. 
 a 
 
 ;;:;';::'::;;;;;i;lo:'"-'""' ' «»'•>" Xn^-:r';;;;!s;:;r;';;i::;:;; 
 
 A l.Ut,'H llUlllliir (if Ciuis lliailr n|' 
 
 linpliilr rr|,ivs.'nlin,:; ll„.,s,. tw,, -faiios w-, 
 
 Iiiickfil and cjuTt'ul (.liservutions made ii|jnn ih,. icsuks 
 
 rii- runrlusi-.n to wl,i,.|. NM. have roiw u,inn ihi- ini|,.,iianl mat tn ,s , hu i,„ 
 111 (■.■ssily exist- tor a \ eiy hl^'h liiade ut' tin [ilale ' 
 
 In .lie early days of the industry the niaterial used was iron-plate instead of sleel 
 I'l.tte a- at present. I liree y.-ars a^'o several packers, thinkit^ the deterioration wa. 
 some way hound up with the use of steel n.verted to the foriiier p,.aetiee ^a ve 
 .-msideralile expense, l.ut t hey eould ohserve no diireiem.e in the result ""1 he 
 nni^.r .. a very heavy ,ra. • o plat, a, a material advance in eost. but with , 1 
 
 pondiii;,' prolit, as has already I n pointed out 
 
 ii.\('ri:iuoi.o(.v. 
 
 It is unnecessary to overload a ivpor' of a pra.'tical i.at ure with teehn^eal details 
 o l,acter,olo,,u. svork or dwell upon t he .lilHculties oneountered in it, heca, ^o h v / , 
 ..t a purely seientihc interest and of little value to those whose first husinesH ' 
 «ood lobsters Besides, n is ,uestionable to what degree suc.h t . es ^ul ulT 
 seeut.Hl in a deputnu-ntal im.uiry The main ol.eot was kept conUnumt" ' v^w' ;!; 
 ro de a reiiHHly and there would certainly be no justiHeation in .lelavim ' he 'l.r 
 tor the sake of attaining to a scientific completeness of detail. This ii tin. i or ' ' 
 Mu-e the working- out ot these .scientific re,,uirements can be done at one. leisure an 
 lias no heavy beanii- upon the business in hand. ^"'' 
 
 Only so much then is introduced as will .serve to show the method of workin-- 
 •oncerrnn- the difhculties they ar.. only such as are incident to all ori-ind K. ' ,"^. ' 
 i.uiuiry rt may be noted, however, that much labour w sp . 1 ' , "^.r "'•';^ 
 
 able media. ^Iany o..,anisu.s refiised entirely to grow upon thj; mlK^'^^^J^^ 
 and It was not until there was substituted for tli.> ordinal^ peptone-ehtt ne an , f 
 ent agar a preparation composed of lobster bouillon and agar,' that "uccefs^esu tec 
 
 An exhaustive series of plate cultures was made from a iarge number of cZ'wiH 
 the object ot ISO ating the bacteria infesting the tissue, to identify th n nd o s d 
 their growth and lite history. I^^inally, four micro-o,-ganis,ns were obtu ed V ^ 
 culture The,se were taken and in ^irn they were introduceT i ' :h1 canT 
 
 I^hu. t^^,""" f-T"^ '" ^"'"i ^^ ^'"^'^ •^^"'^' '^«'"' ■ '^"•■-•ultures we -e obtare i 
 similar to those which were introduced. Lastly, these bacteria produced in the ste fl. 
 cans, ^conditions similar to those observed in the cans from whicl^ they we" oHgind'; 
 
 lie— 2i 
 
20 
 
 .1/ IA'/.VA; .I.V/' FIS//K/UKS. 
 
 <>t ll.rs.'t.,,,r „„..r..nr^,uns,MS. tlirsl,,. ( is,„,Hl.. ,,ruMs„.„Mllv, tli.M (l,rvl,MN,- 
 
 not L.,.,. huli.Th. ,.„ a„.,| nr .l..>,.nl„..i. Tl- t„r. .s,,„lv nf ,1,.... (un,,. I ,l„. ,„,a 
 
 llli'liulll iusl,||i,l,l,. I,, liiiili,.,' ,|..|av llir p,,-..,!! r-,,,,,! 
 
 Tllr fnlluwi,,^ l.ri.f M „l' ,s ,.M,;ul..,l tn„ ,„,.,.. ..f (1„. work ,|,„„- i„ l |„- 
 
 r.^yii.vl, l.lH.r,....n..> n. th.- m,,,.,,,,, I.n.r.l u|' , l„. I!„val (•..11..^.. ,.f I'liv si.ia,, -, l.,„„l,.n 
 ■111. I Ihr |,,i_V.ll ( n||,.;i.. nf S, ,,■-,■,, „s, |:i,i.r|;,,„l (.laiMia.v. I Ml? ) 
 
 '^' '•uniiMiis a... nniir.l |., ||.. ||1., | \- , |,r,,visi,.nallv. 
 
 Kivsli iiiunilaiiciis vv.iv niailc i,, Lun.lui, will, ilir tulluwin- ivmiIis: 
 
 l-urt Mlav, (...lain,,. .„l„..all .|„,u a .u,uUr ^m.-uiI,. u,.|| ,„a,k,.,l „, .1,,. ul„,|,. 
 ■•..ms,. nt tl,,. s,,,,.l,, w„ ,. al tl„. |n|, will, MMTat..,! ,.,1^,... il„. s.uYa,.,. s|i,|,ilv ,l,.,„, .mmI 
 
 ajami slivak li„. ml,,.,- m,.M. „„ ,v.„lts ; , , ,,- n,,u |,L„.,.,| „, .1,,. ,n,M,l,alu,. a. 
 
 Fifth (lay. — All ^luwih-- aiv m a|i|,ai.Mii 
 
 Sixth (lav Th.. sinfa.v uf th.. .i,M.|atin.. lul„. is ,|,.,„,.s.s,.,| ami sin-a,..,!. I n.uih 
 
 has .|,.s,.,.,„l...l l.'avn.^a t rans,,a,v.ii ,,vni,l (ih.n l.n,|y I .•„,. , uh„.h .■o„m....|~ wiili 
 
 -h.. ma.n.^n.wth. l,..-,„.-h is u u|.m h.. r.^.s ,.„„>-!, w,ih ,|,M,n.M ,n|nni..s a,„| ih. 
 wlioic urowil, rotiitc.l in spiral turiii. 
 
 S,.v,.nth,lay. I Iravy ;in.vMli in l.m h o,,|,,| ,,„, n,|„., , 1„, .i,,|,„|,, ,, , |,.. ,,„, ,s n,,w 
 -'■'..•al at .u...,i,vs of th,. s.i...l ,1,.. ...,l.„.i..s aiv .1,m.,vI,.. N,. Inpn^ta,. „.i, ,.f u,.ia.in.. 
 I.iitli auar tulx.s show (livimci ih.nmh liiit. i:ni\vth. 
 
 hi-iith (lay. — Heavy ,^r.,wili.s,ntac,.,.Nt..nsi,„i. xvi,|, .JiMuni ,.,!..,. ,,,„| ,r|jsi,.„iM.. 
 icaily appcaraiu-,. SiUrh, much ..xpamlcl. tilmv and tubular at . ..,,. .uiil.. t ,vmM,ar..|,t'' 
 
 ••"■Mi'.ut.Tw.iy.h.wn, .1,.. ,!;r.,wth is „|,a,|U ■ and ,|,.ns... 1,,.,. i,,, filmv a..ai,. and 
 
 hiiaily dens,. ,n t h,. l,.w,.r quarter Tl nd i- p,,int,.,l and t |.... scrran.d • a-ar 
 
 tubes show discrete, wiiite moist iii|,iMi(.s. "^ 
 
 Nintliday.-Surfae.. -n.uth extended and m..isi : t u,.t birds ,,f ih,. stiteh is cv- 
 |>aHde(l. tuinilar and tilmy : lb,' bottom vei" dense 
 
 Tenth day. Thre,' toiirtlrs of ij,,. stit,.h af n,.vv tubular: ih,. l,,u,.r pari v,.rv 
 dense anil ()pa,|ue : no lii|uefaetion. 
 
 I'lli.MMith day. -All tiies(. eliaraeteri.stie.s -iioiv marked. 
 
 Twelfth day.-.t4piatiiu' iiijuefyin^'. surface growth e.xtt.ndinu. 
 
 Thirteenth day. (lelatiiu. cui)pe(l and Ii,|utifyinu. 
 
 Fourteenth day. (k'latia,. li,in,.fied ami -rowth"dinusin- throu-lH.ut t'l.. lui),. 
 
 Microscopic examination with No. I ocular ami ,', oil immersion lem;- juuv cul 
 ture, rods ot varying length and thicknes.s, some slightly curved ami utiiers .^o short as to 
 i'pseml,lo cjcci. N.- sp,.rulation was ,,l,.serv(^,l. In hangin- drop No i issh.wl 
 with an nndiilatory inovemont. 
 
 (Jrows in hych-ogen. Coagulates milk. Forms gas. 
 
 IV inotilf. 
 
 II. 
 
 Fourthday.— The gelatine tulH's show a growth in the whole course ,.f the 
 with a rather smooth edge, the growth transparent and not litiuefvin.' ( )ne in 
 agar tube shows a faint growth. The other none. ' " 
 
 Fifth day. - (Growth more marked. Tubes placeil in incubator at 20 C 
 Sixth day.— Xo surface growtii : tiie .stitch transjiarent, edges smooth and i 
 Agar growth very indefinite. 
 
 Seventh day.— (Jelatine tubes show increased growth: the edges Hlmlv and 
 -No liquetaction. ■' 
 
 ^ Eighth day.— The stitch is wide, the edges more undulating and tilmv \o 
 taction. 
 
 stitcli 
 clined 
 
 ilmly. 
 wavy. 
 Ii<jue- 
 
/>/^ro/.o/.- \ri(>\ /.\ < .ixx/CI> l.or.sTEIifi. 
 
 21 
 
 A^'.ir v.TV line wi.l.. i.;in-,|.,irriil oiuuih, <|iiii.- murk.Ml j,, l„,tli ii,l„"v 
 
 .Ninth .lay. (;..|,iImm. ,,,,1 li,,nclyin- n.. Miir'n.v -...wtj. : ,(,i,.|, rrian.- ii, ,|,anir 
 
 Ifllslio. AifflC yidWtil llliil'i' visililc. 
 
 'lentil (l,iy. (ii'litlinc IiiIm's • ;;rMWi h iimn' ni.it kc<| 
 
 riic'M'Nili (j.iy < 'ii|,|,|i,!.r , (■ siiil'acT Ajiiii', u'l'.iwin;;. 
 
 Turllll, .lav. A^ai. MTV line t r.ins|mrenl .•.,!.. iHrs : ,untlii..nt ;inil .'Ijsh.nin.. 
 uHalm... .npiiMiKut MiHar... no s„rC,ue ,ruwlh, stit-li wnl-r, u;.vv lior,!,,- wi"lli Jairrai 
 ""^' '^ l^l'"!';"" l-ie an. lilmv. hnnnu Hie nex, ,|i,,.e .hn. M,.. ,.„|,,.in« Inhumes 
 
 iH' liMN.'tHti..n III., iiirar ( iiIm. ,.0,il„n.ci 1 !,.■ same' ,.||,,r,,..(,.| i>ties. 
 
 ;.'"■'":'■">;"■ "^""""■■""'" I'l'ivMlmn. ,,f ,.i. iii.l.ain. an.lrii,-i..,s. il... ,.|,ains 
 
 Nei.y line.sniM,l,i,n,-|„„,. iMinnnul ..na. 1 1,.. ,.|„>ler. eumiius..,! ..C tV lliree in.liviilu- 
 
 ■ iK In a mass ini)Hi>sili|i. ii, ruiint. 
 
 ( 'iiaiiiiiales iiiijk : m;iuwn in livliui^cn. 
 
 IIT. 
 
 Nc. VTUWII, al ,■,„„„ t,.,n|.rralilM.. TIh' IuIm-s «,.,■,■ pi: j at I'd ('where theV 
 
 '••■'"aine.l tur tu„r,|a,v. whe,, ,,n,w,h wa- Ms.l.le ,„ a^'ar, there hein^ -en e,.|nnie> nnni, 
 
 "": ^'"■'•"" "• """ '"'"• '""' '^^"l^" "" 'I Ilier The rulonies la.-e an.l ilislinet v'ith 
 
 " ''■"'; ';'■""■'• •■ "■'-is,,areni hunle, The a^'ar liihes were i.laeeil at .•'■T C wii'en the 
 
 -""" ' '".";'""; '"'y '■■■'I'i'l. Hie e,,|,,nie. euntlnent i exhihiiin- nne u„|e transparent. 
 
 ,i.'f..ul II w,lhs„nnuisl,nnh.rs. hV 1 1„. a ;rela. me .ui.e was ,nu..„lat,.,l and in twu 
 
 .iayssl.uwe.l a .list, net ,r.,wth. with a u a . y inail..,. t ran^lueenl, hut n.Mie „,,„n siirfa... 
 liM^v,, .lays Mi.av, .,n..,„l„nya,,p<Mn..| up.,n the siirtae,. ,.F the gelatin.- I,ul„. an.l the 
 Mileh was Willi,, an.l .lens,, with heiv an.l I h..re ..irs,.ts ra.liatin^Miiit war.l in lun-irans 
 |"i'.Mil points, .M'ler t,.ti .lays. th,ve,.|atin.' Ii..-an I,. Ii.pi..ty 
 
 .Mi.ms,.,.pi,. ,.,„,i,i,iati.,n: pur.' eiiltnr... a tine h.ni.' ni.l, strai-ln „r N,.rv -entlv 
 '"lA-.l, the i.nliM.luals with nn.sp,.,.ial r,.|ati..n t,. ,.aeh .,lli,.r. Iiitt in nianx .'as^s u-ineil 
 .n.l t.. e,„| t„ t.a.r v..ry l„n,r. straiu'ht, an.l wavy threa.ls. at l,.ast t..,. linies tli.. h.n.'Mi 
 .>t the SM.i^i,. r,Ml. I he ru,l sh„ws ivlVa,'! i ^ .• I.u.jie. „,„ ,„ |,„ ,|i.iin;;ui.slie.l iVnin sp„r,.s 
 lns,,ruanisi„ when ..vannn...! in I li.. han-iie.' .|r,,p, is .sh.wlv motile anrj shows a 
 n.nisl,ape,l h..a.| .la.kan.l roniHl, the tail un.hilat.n:, slo.lv, " I n a v.-uii;; u-.-wlh no 
 thre.i.Uare visihl... I )Mrin,e ,.ieht,.,.n hours, the same lian«iM,'".|rop was" kept iin.h.r ol,- 
 -rvadon upon a war::; .sta^e, when en.l sp,,,,.. app,.are,l in nearly ev.-rv ro.l ami nioiion 
 sti I p,.rs,st,..l. A .•overt.-lass pivparatiun wa.s nia.l,. fr.an t his han^'in- .'irop. th." ronn.le.l 
 "Ii. ha.l less..ne.l III s,/eun,l,.rtl„.,,r,,ressof.tainin- hut fr-,. spon-s wen- ..I.s.tv,.,] 
 .mil -oiii,. just l)r(.akiiiu trom till' oruani.sni. ' 
 
 C.iaeiilates milk. < ir.iw.s in hyilroeen. 
 
 rv. 
 
 I'nurth.lay ( Jelal in., t pI,,... sIh,w a ,l..pro..,sed surface with pal.- sim-are,! t;rowth. 
 J IIP .stiteh IS w„|..alM.v,.aml ..uiv,.s to a point l)ol..w. as a senVs of small <lis..ret... yellow 
 colonies III a lin(\ 
 
 .^ixth .lay. -Surface sim.are.l. ,l,^p,e.s,sp,), stifh-rowth sunk ,|..wnwar,l, l..avin- a 
 Ul..hul<. at flu- top. loininy with the .stitch which tapers to a point. 
 
 S.-venth day.-Surfa,.e growth, glistening, radiating with .listinet ed<res transnai- 
 .•nt. .Stitch descending, globule heeoming larger, ,,olonies at hott.-m. still distin,.t and 
 tapering to a fine point. 
 
 i'lighth day. -Ivxtensive transp;irent growth on surface: upper part of -stitch 
 tru.iipet-shap..d tor ..ne-toui • h ..f its length, remainder conical, the bottom composed of 
 flistmct colonies. ' 
 
 Thes.. characteristics l„.,.anie more niark..,l till tlw t^yentieth day, when llie gelatine 
 ^vas completly li.|ueiied. r"^'"^ 
 
 This crgaiiism forms gas. coagulates milk and grows in livdiTx^en, 
 
22 
 
 VAfflXh A\/> A7.v//A7.7/r.V. 
 
 MW'fri 
 
 "■■4 
 
 lyiiiKtu 411 viimi.. xvith ..,vit ..|l 
 
 xirm . pnn. .•,,|»,w,.. ff,„. s|,.,r. .-mIs. stniichr. .iriu'l 
 
 iV't "lltri 
 
 i.'i<' 'T III |iiiirs 
 
 ,:;;r'- "•"" ' ••'" "'^ •""' --h ■'«• '•'.«• '..i"'::.::ir;.;:;';;';::':..::';:: 
 
 V.^;r[^'xrrr;:;:^ .-'- --,..i..„ 
 
 Itu.'u-i.. ,u.H«J •^uli.lnii.. I In, h,,...,,,,, I.I 
 
 Larii,. ,„■,•,! * .i«l...,i.|i,,x„i,.. 
 
 ^I'tlivl in.., ,nnl .liih..(hv|;,iiiiii,. 
 
 '•n..io :;;;.'l:i:;,':'':i;r;::;;^'';' '-'i- '-|'-.nv . , ,.,„., i,„„„., 
 
 t.ll .■rvsl.ds H..M..,l,|;.il,r,l l,v liltrii,,,. 
 
 Pi^i.-i. a.Hl •■,■-... lM.,.y ,.l,n.,.i„„., „-|Mi,:!'"'"x; •■•""■"■ "■'■.'"^' ^'" '''"''^ ""-'"' """ 
 
 llini|;;:ll a \Nrl |ii|, 
 
 iiii; I(|;mii»^. 
 
 :;:;=:r;::l's;^,t:::=:::; ^ ' '•»■■ ■ 
 
 Ti,,.. "'J ;s;;'L'.'t,t:V,i'' '■'■':';■'';''"'■.''' '""'i-'»-.i.',-n.,„„,i, 
 
 •■• i™-.a.'n.., ■:,:;:,■ ,„' i;;:'',':";, "- '•■■".'■•". i" «■■■ n, 
 
 .l.u„;,,„l I „|„,, i, I ,,,,"„ '" "'."H".";.!. nn |.l„„. ,.,l,„ „„s li„i,l,. , 
 
 ■•"■ ^r'- - ""»''•''"■'" .V. ™i..':;:;:ti.!;;''' ' - ■■ "■"• 
 
 "■ rn;:;;;:;,;':Vi;;.|:;:;;;;';;i::::'i.''', "■'";''' <t '™> '- >■ ' -« »..!, ,i„. 
 
 ,..o,..'l;::r ,;::;u;:;;::;„i':;*,:;r" irt^!"':::'-™: ' '■"-' -'■ -""-"w 
 
 :x,;';?,z:,'ti;;:':,;;:;'";:i:;' -'"^r F' ■'■- ""'■H'-'i"''-"' ';:.•":;■ 
 
 ■n I ,' ' '" "^ ■^"''■■^'"i'<'<'> liii'l no iiscliil t'iiii.l(.viii..iii 
 
 '•''"HI .l.u.h it il..nH iM t I,. ', •;'.'■""'•*• """rlxv of ,1,.. nir.ilwm or rtu, 
 
 tori,. .„.] ,h.Mr spoivs """" '""" " """f '--'fH..i..n. .„ .les.n y aM b.,- 
 
 '•y .isr'K'wS-:^""^^^^^^^^ ;'^-.i^w......,i,..., .„..,.,,, 
 
 an..,, f,,,,,. .„,MU, iH.urs' hoili, : thu. f . iT^r -""^ " --viva! of bacteria 
 '1'or.Ms no valid warrant for vi.w "H^"'"'"'"' "ctnally r.>ache<i, but 
 
 "f Mt.-.l roMMa .; Fob* ]v ' r,;^ '7? "..l.t hours as tl,,. .vxtu-ui. 'li.nit 
 
 ••l»tinato still. .N„ f. t nt^Xi ZTt '''''"'''''^' """'"' •■"^'■''' «'•'•"- '-- 
 lK.i'in. point. Suoht;; \ t;"" '"-'tters ot th.. a,r ,s «ra.lually raiso.l to ,ae 
 pr.vecli4.beir,ievdo:.>e . > SctJw .,"'' T'" "'" ''''"'*^- ^'"•" '""""cii'Uely 
 
 aside in a war.n pllll'f^r ..:' . V;"^' J ^ .^''"w^T-"''' • ''"i '"''"•'"" '^ ''''^" '"' 
 time to the boili,,, to.,-n..r^t' ; I V • •" ^'"'" '■'""' ^''^ '"fusion a .seeon.l 
 
 their point of ,i„al cl; elo ,!:„; ^^ '';-^' ■•;;^ ;-^''''^>'-<n.ys all gmus then approaching 
 
 i.>urs Ld the p...,.j o/E "is ^^a d'^"u-r ;iSs"jrtr"'^ '^"' ''^",-- '-'- 
 then. res,.ta„.e o„d .naby kill the Jt of'l,,:^ No i^f:;::i,:t.^:';x;;;,:i";;;::':,;f 
 
Ill |>airH 
 . "f' tiin 
 
 hlSCtUitltA i'>\ /X iA\\/:/> , /;v ' V/;,v. 
 
 23 
 
 .•CSS if ,1 Im. ,, ,„.at..,| a M.lli,.... .,,.1..., ,., , H,. ,,.,. .n.t | ,.,' ,|,s..,„„ .mu-ms 
 
 ..•Hti.,u ehn- .n.m.t..s w.-.v H,„lu....nt ...a „.,.l..l. wl „. .hr.... l„m.l,..,| „„.,.,,. 
 
 lllilK.ils hniliim- rail.-il to ii.Tuiiiplivl,. • " 
 
 IV..r'..ss.,r •I'viHlnll uIm, ,„„lih I ,Mlt tlm( H ,,m|.. r, •,.„,•,. , |. |. ,,,.„ 1 ou ( ,,, ..|' 
 
 l'.M..ui wurk..,! „,,.,„ ,.,,.1..,. I, ,h..M,u M'a.s„.„n.t.,..n. .,.,.l,Jl ' 
 
 .\.l,.«r....n| 1,..,,, »h„h w.ll .Ir.troy Im. Ima .s..nlin.|y insull.,. „f tu.l..s,n,v tl,.w 
 
 P...V..I ,y y.vus nt .■nMly..x|,..rin,..|,.Htl,al an ..x,,,..,.,- ..r (ss„ l.nii, , an I . half i-.i 
 "•'"["'■"•'"■••-t Im.,1,,.- wal-r «i|| „u. ,„ iMMi.y .as.., ,|,.Mi.,yull tli. 
 
 I III- lull ...T I i-.-.||( 
 
 "li> ^Ulli'li llitfst 
 
 ' V'","^' '"."".'" ""• •'""" '" l''^'" *'"•■'' l-."(-,ia w..,..|„.M..,l h,,,Ku.,( n.|n..i,MMl 
 
 " 'I'l'lv lli.;|inh...|.l..suts...nli/,a.i..,,aslai,l ,|.,um l.y TviMlall , • ,.,..s..,vari„n m 
 
 1..I.SI..,.,, I ,al iMusav, III- .!..;;,■ flMMt (.. I„..,„,,|..y;..|. ,!„■ .Inn I, .., ,|,.. a„„|, 
 
 .•.itiun an.l . ,,. unmUrv „t su-rrssiw ..x,,us,nr. ... .|,.Mn.v .1,.. l.,u„.n;.. . .nlu.anlv this 
 
 suits I „t ll,..t..m|,..n.tnn. ,■ In in,,. ,m a,. .,,..„ t..,t I „l,.. an. ..,, liivly ,li|H.n.Mt, tV,.i„ 
 
 hos.. wIm.I, „„.. „n.|.. n, a s-al.-l .an .ill..! w„l, a ,„|..| Mial.Tial. TU,U,v,. as a „" 
 
 iMiiiiary .„..,asur.. it was ......ssary K. .I.-I.tihi,,.. iI,.. l..nu'il, .,t li,,,.. , ,„,n.,| t,', ,a,-..'i I,.- 
 
 ;■''''"■'■•■""•■"■. "'* •'"■ 'V"":;."^ v*' " •^"••''"'' '••'" "• '■'"■ <-"ii-.Ht,un. ..,• ,i„ ,„..,i, i,, wiu..i, 
 
 III; ..!!:'!' .^..""'!"T"':'-.., 'v ""^ ;:"'l- ^'",'M'i"i«'it.is was .•..Mstru,i...i. ,.,...,.,1,.;; „r a .•u,, 
 
 r. 
 <l 
 
 .\M air .•liain ,..,■ was s..!,],.,... .,„ ,..,,, ,,h.,-,.,.,| s„ as tu all„w a th. nn.,.,,. u; i„ l„. ,.ani...| 
 ;''-;- tif -HI w „... was hll...l wi.l. ,.,|, ,n.,. ,h,. ..an. Tl... ..„ was ...w lill...| .,,1 
 lol.st,..ran.l s..al...|. 11,.. a,,,,ara.,K uas ,1,..,, ,,la,.,.,| ,n a ^..>-..| ..f . ,t..r ^|,i,.|, wa- k..,.t 
 
 'I'll.' f'..|li)wirii,' lalil.. sl.iiws llic n'siiit : - 
 
 Tlllll' ilj M illUtr.-. 
 
 .") 
 
 10. . . ,' . . 
 15 
 
 •"'0 ... 
 
 :}.•) 
 
 K) 
 
 ■I") 
 
 r.o 
 
 ')5 
 
 1)0 
 
 '■ II \i.i- rcuvji n.A Is.' 
 
 'I'. iii|.. iMir.- ( ' 
 .. li .•> 
 
 . . . r, I 5 
 
 . . i;.". 
 
 . Tn '< 
 
 '.tl' 
 ... !»! . 
 ., •)() 
 . .. ')7 
 
 . .. '.17 .". 
 . . . '.>s 
 
 'liiiii. ill \iiii itf.-. 
 
 •' I'OI .VI) ri.ATH." 
 
 10. 
 
 15. 
 
 L'O 
 
 •2'). 
 
 W . 
 
 35 . 
 
 M). 
 
 45. 
 
 50. 
 
 55 . 
 
 60. 
 
 'ri'iiipi-iitturt I'. 
 
 . .jO 
 
 . 5(; 
 
 . t!8 
 . 7^ 
 . So 
 . DO 
 . 04-2 
 . 97 
 . 9!) 
 .100 
 .100 
 
24 
 
 MMUXK AX I) FISIIKIIIE.^. 
 
 I on, tlns,ahl,.„ .i,|H.ar< that it iv.iui.vs .t Irax lialf a,. l,„ur tn rais. ,1,,. ..mfnts 
 
 api uatus It unuh|i„.,.a.,v lu .l.t.Mnnno tl.. tin,,, with snVntili, a.vn.ac-v will a 
 pla.uunn .l.c,,.. ihonnu,,,,...,-, I.„, an inst.ann.nt of this .IMicacy was not "ssiM .,i 
 til" a ,,.v,> ...suits an. s.llin.nt I y ar.n.'at,. to,, practi-.a! pun.oM.s^ 
 
 '•-m t "••;^l--n,.n. of i>a^,.,,,. i, .as shown that ,„a„; tWn.s of |,a,,,.,ia .,,■ 
 
 . > Mb..,.v,., that tlH. lKu.t,...,a of tho iolK,..,. was no, of so .|..|i,.at,. a ....nstitu o u, 
 
 •M 1 u " 'ii^?;; ' ;■'■ •■":'-■"'■';-' -- ^- ;ie„..,.s, ap,.ii...i .a.. /;,.,. at int.;.v i: 
 
 f..il 'n '" "■""" ""'■" '■' ^'"''"■" •^■"^' >'•• '^-^'■"-- ^^•■'« "- 1, this also 
 
 t.uh I. 1 h.n a t..,„p,.,.alu,.,. of !)() was ,.„,j,iov,..l : so,,,,, of tl^. .ans so t,.-,, .,| , , • i 
 
 i o ""• ""•'"•"■'■^"•"■" "» '■'■' <'■ "M-'l •" ^'M rah;...nh..,t, uill snili,.,.. |:„, 
 
 I Is not iM,--.,hl,. ,„ |„.a,.|„.,. I,, ,.o„v,.,.L a lol,st,>,. fadi.i.v 
 
 ■.',;•,' " "'^"l"^'!' ;'■'■>•, t,.w ta,.torn.s ,,o.s,.ss, an,l whi,.|, a,-,. Im.vo,,,! tl,.. 
 
 .a h . ,n„N wo.h^nH.,, Jh,.,...io,.,.,all..x,,o,.in„.ntswe,..M.,.„ti, lata,,.,,,,,..,.:,,,,'. 
 
 1 ,l..,U...,.s o,. hat of l„„l,n,. wat..,., whi,.), vi,.|.ls ,.x..oll,.nt ,...s„hs. If ,, is |, ., 
 
 ■allv l.-ss poi'tc-t than a I ..|,ii„.,.,,, „n. , ,f 1').-. ,l.,„- ;. : .. , , ., '.^ ni, oi,ti 
 
 itl, .,0 s,ii-li |.is|<s as 
 
 I 
 ,.| 
 
 f ■21-2 ,1, 
 
 ally l,.ss poiT,..., tl.an a ,,.n,p,.,.,u,„.,..,f \'X, ,1,.^,.,.,>. it is all..,,,!,.,] w, 
 mi;rht ,,. ass,„.,at,.,l w„l, t !,.■ ,.„,p|ov,n,.„t. of low.-,. t..n.pc.,.atan.,.s. Kollowin.;ilii.s; Ij,;:: 
 
 an.l a.. ,n,,M,p,.n th,. ,nto,.,,,atio,, th,,s,^ai,H.,i,atV..sl,pa..k .as,,,a,l,.a,,,hl .Tw^ 
 upon s ,.,.l,.a,,o„ ,.,.s,,„„.,|, „ i. ,„„ ,,, ,„.„\„ „,,.,^,.,,_^ th,! . ;; 
 
 h ,',■'' ^";'^'"^^'"^"'>- T",'"-^- ''''^•"■" ^^■'■'■" ^-•- ^-t-s to .-onsi.i,.,. : ,h,. 1.!::. '■ , 
 
 ",'\',, " ""-•'* ';xi;'-nva„.l ,1„. ,nt,.,.val h.tw, ,h,.,„. LVon, a f,.lK.o„si,|,.,.a;ion o 
 
 •III II «'M', N^,. >.on,.|u,|,. as follows ,„ the fa^,. of pon,„| r-.tn^ ■ 
 
 Isi Apply the t,.,np..,.at,i,.,. ,,f l,oili„o. waf,. fo|. ,„„. ho,,,. 
 
 -nd. Aft,.,. 11' to ir, |,on,.s. apply il„. sa,„f. I„.at to,. n„ „,i,M,t,.s. 
 
 ;''•"• At,.,, anoth,.,. I -J | :, ho„,.s. apply th- sa„„. l„.at fo,. .|l) ,ni„nt,.s 
 
 app<a,s tli.it It tak..s,:li.,uf halt an h.,,,,. cai-l, tin,,, to i,ri„,r the c,)nt,.nis ,,f ,1, ,,, ■ , 
 
 is a sp(.<.,al p,.(.cautio,,, i,i vi'vy wa,.|i 
 
 I W'alh,.,., o|. ill v(.,\ hadiv inf,.i.t(',l 
 
 (th. .\> 
 loc.ali,i..s.^i,^^is^a,Ki.al,i.. ,„ ,i.. a fo„,.ih l.oilin, of ,n .,„„„„. a, , .pi.,,,,,, of 
 
 In th,' (.as,, of half poi,ii,| ,a,i..^ th,. ti 
 
 """; '"■■'>■ '"■ iv,l,i..,.,| ,o tiftv n,i,int,.s. foi.tv 
 
 nm,.,,... an, ,l,,,.,v n,i,,,,,..s Cans t,...at,.,l in .his wav ha.,: all n^na ' p rf^ 
 
 'i^hi to, I., n.o.iths tl„. (.si, ,s r„.,n a„,| whi,,,.. tl„. skn, lailliantlv ,•,.,] a.,(l f he 
 "^^""•■••'■^ .^ ' ■•'« I" li-li f,.,.sl, f.-o.,, tl„. sla.ll. Tn,l,.,.,i th,. onlv '• , , f i t ' tl ., 
 
 ■;;;;;-■•' -;' -;'- ti,,. ,„... is ..ati„... i,a,.,i. ■rh.s.dt^l'h.. J L iZi^ 
 
 O.I, an, wo„l, p,.n,„t ot l,ein,^ h.at,.,! a,u'ai„ l.v the cook l.,.fn,.,. so.-vi,,.. | ., . 
 tact h,.,.., ho, I,.,! fo,. l,.ss than an hnui. '■ '" 
 
 ^^^Y'"'! "'T'''T ''"' ;:'»^••''Mui.v ,o 1„. ..o„l,.,| ..api.lly aft,.,. ,.ad, hoili.,,.. This 
 
 Is l„.t„ 1 il T?' """ ' ■; ""■ '^?"'"""^ 'M'I'li-tion „f col.l watn. in the „t.'.^ 
 
 ^als h, ,«,.,.„ l,o,h„.. Ihos.. who k,.ep th..,,, ,.ool,.st will uvt the best ,.,.s„lts 
 
 (■m:\\in,, ii,..: cans. 
 
 ;'"l;"'';'; ';; ^"-v liltl. p,.olit l,. keepi,.;, tl„. lohst,.,. .issne f.,... f.on. ronta.nination if 
 
 ,, r , T , ^''"" '""■'' '"i^'" '"''"'1 s„l,lo,.,.,l with ..osin have a lav,.,, of that snl. 
 
 ^•■H'- "i'OntJn.hottoM,. whenheat is applied M,.. .osin v.-latilixes a.id p.loafes ll.; 
 
 .V 
 
V k 
 
 I'lSrOI.OliATloX IX (JASXEh l.()l:STKl!S. 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 m,-,.l sv.lh is u-bur. Workmen l.a^c. a haMt uf ...-uTvin,' t Iw can. l,v nlari,,.. .h.-ir 
 
 Mams are tran.ferrcl t., tiie l.ri-lit (in, ' '" "' ' "" 
 
 It lias I.eoM, already ]„.i„te,i ,.ut tl.at tl.e l„.st Mux f.,r uuAuv^ ..ans is a,i,l I.eeause 
 
 n Kdean. I rus,„ l,a- l.een used, the ex.vss n.ust he re,„„ve:i hy tMrnen. ne Tl e 
 
 vhoie .nsule ot t . ean ,s ,.. he thun-u^hlv rnhhe.l .,,1, s... .|,.an.n. tn ,e M.e 
 
 I...I V ij. and water, a soh.t.nn „f -u„la, ur perhaps i,es,. „f all a ,:l,„l, unMstened w h 
 
 -H-thylated s,.,r,t. A .allnn w,ll s„,lice for a I, I red eases. |, won d le s 
 
 urau,,.. .son,e lend of revolv.n, hrnsh which nu.uht he kept n.o,stwi,h ihe.,, io 
 Ihe cans are n..x, ,o he passed throuuh elean, fresh water and wiped drv The v 
 
 1 1 eated in the same w av. 
 
 N\-hen the meat i,: r.-nioved from the .|„.|1, ,1 i> to l„. received IM pans whirl, Inve 
 
 ;:'•';; '^'f^- '- • --l-'' -^ '-'-« -^^er. The eia ws and arn. ar. ,o h.' ^..I 
 
 ^^ rvmT'k'nT'';"' ";/''" .^^■'^^- -l^l— vl-areanx,ons,ool„au,,hehes 
 •lis I o I, he spin upon thetront and every trace of ,h,.,.ut ren.oved ; if this pree.nn , n 
 .s ne,,Mecte,i no ...od results can he expected. The n.eat shonM he o,ntlv p es.cd a 
 ; U..d odra,n,,u,tedrv. ein, covered over wi,h p.eces of cot.on ^,s, re.lJ.ved f: 
 ::...'•, '" r "r? V' ."•H--*I ,."' :■--• 'i'-''l.v hv lund. if a cvUndrlcal 
 
 ■■lehin.' is irvc.l it .h.mid he hoiied immerliateU hr^i'ore usin..' 
 
 Il is MUile useless adopting these precautions unless th.'han.is of the employees are 
 
 e and packer, wno value then- result., will attend to ,hi> p, dure, tho .1 i .n v 
 
 appear to he an unnn^cs-ars rctinenient ■ 
 
 nenient . 
 
 i;i;mo\ i\i. ini: \ii 
 In the section uj.on sealing, it was p,u,,led ,,u 
 
 I tn,U lo faciiiialc till- pi-,,ces., a .nial 
 
 ^^.V" "7' /■'"";■ ',",'■' iii^ilt^'-'of cp.al in,portance. the removal of ihc air fr the 
 
 n a ter the hrst hath hy puncturing the tin. In a word, i, n.av he sa,d. no ^n th 
 tin. process IS useless, hut a Ion- .series of inv,.sti„:„;,.„. .i..., :. -. '">;".''^ 
 
 J^ntion, of which the following are deLdk "-'••^^'""'' '""■'"^ ^> separate hue of investi- 
 It IS well known that some forms of hacteria thrive onlv in the ahsenc,. of ai,- ■ 
 -;-. ;lH. p,oee.s of prohing the cans would create that verv condition! If Urh;;ct;^ria 
 
 
.16 
 
 ■V.( /.7A7; ,I.V/' /7v/// /.vr.v 
 
 ;;::.:::;:;;:;r.:;yjM;:i::;i;:;';;r^^ i., 
 
 n.M...I. n.nuh,.,- t.;,,- ^JZ^^ZuriZri' '" r"'"' '";""'"■ "" ''^ ""- 
 
 ^h.w.nl ,!..> .iiso.lora.inn .Un^rXn'Z, ' "'" """ "'"'■'' ''■■"' ' " l""'"''- 
 
 ^J^::^i'::'nu,^^^^^^^^^^ h- .•..,•„,.,„„,„„,, 
 
 l>rol,iM,'. as is . l..ar ,t n „ „ '''^ '■'"'•■ ' P-'-l. It th.,,. tins .l..f.v, i. ..a„s..l hv 
 
 --;>' "- .--■ ;^i:Kr:;',:;;::r;;r:,,::;:;;:-r ""^'" '"' '-■'"' '" '-- 
 
 i"'al-ra,on..sfo,.v..,.s I '',':' :V'''^ "'"" I"" ••"•-.. 
 
 it tVon, ^vrnis. Thnvtoiv ,n .ll .nlw „ ' . ' ' ' ''"""-'' '""'"'i ^^""1 n. tV... 
 
 an ...MUial pan .UhJliZ:!!!. "''•^"''"'"•" "■"'■'^- "'<— -- -, ,„.oi„.,|, an,l ,l,is ,s 
 
 as i, n,av n, f, .x „ hi ' . ' "' ""' "''I",'''---. wa> an, uipat-,!, an.l. al.u 
 
 '- "'«■ '•:"-ii^i/n,aw:Vr :m x;:::;;x'.,;;;:.;r' '^^ •"•• '•-•- - - — -• -^ 
 t.w .'';;■ ;;l^un;.;:';;'ii';;rf:'::;;;;;;^^'''' ^ •-; ^ -'"' »- '"-ays ..,.,. a ,,, 
 
 -ill blow ,t pm . -I , -., ; '• ""I"^"-'- "" " -ill '>-' unn.vessa.v snuv ,„, 
 
 ^■an.,nf„nn..,poUM.,a.a.ias:;v::x;;i^ 
 an,iS,:;:;:4-a:;;^:N'?:z:-v;!;;;:^^^ 
 
 -■-'uU l..> plaoed upon ,1... nv.rk 't t , ','"" ^"'"""■'' ''''" '''' I"'-'"'- 
 
 would rotiin „„di all Ji ;,;'!''"'*'■'>• ''^ j'''-' -''.-- t...l, an.Mf ,hov 
 "^' ^'oiour. texture, flavour an <'en a '. , T""" "'" ''''"'"'" """'•^'" "''-"■^"•i. 
 sulve,]. The -luestion a>l<ed a^ ' V 1 v V ■■'r''"'"TT- "'" '"■"'''*'"' """''' '"' 
 oan settle.- We have n^ , 1 e ' >., " ;''.':'''''' •■'"<" '1"> answer. •• Tin.e alone 
 
 ■i"terio,-ationis,l, .1 "" -1-nenee ot „t,een tnuntt.s. an.l after that p,.,io,| no 
 
 llie .'n.ls 
 
 nulaiion 
 
 1 1' now 
 
 .' l)|o\\ II 
 
 e .'.Mil r.', 
 ni. 
 r^it 
 
 IT 
 
 Mil 
 
 led 
 
 .1 
 
 have toeneounter up, . a ea v : U i' ''Z 'V "l"'^^" "V ^•'""''''"'^ "^^ -"»>'' 
 
 no deterioration wL oh. W ^Ht ti^ " '"^ ^'''' ^^'^^ ' V'^ ^-''•" -^'""i"-i. and 
 
 H-.land„osi,nsofalt.; n.:' lel ;:;:" """• '"'"^ "^"^*^" '""""'^ "'<' -- 
 
 -"> ^- r-i.>^.ai in.,;,:.;-; Hn^i^f '^f ^,r— \r::;-: t^ 
 
 s 
 
/>/sr,>/.nUAT/f}X /.v rAXX/,-/, /.f,/isrK/:s. 
 
 27 
 
 IM'diilcins wciT ti, Im' liirtlicr dc;. It uitl. in il, i i . ■ , 
 
 'I- I.-V.UC „,.,„• i.i,v,i. ' , ^1 1,,;':;',';"':, '" "■'■•""■ ■•'■ 
 
 I"'" < .■...1. i „i,T,,i ;„i J;/:;, ,',,;, ' " ■' "'''""■ '>■ '■"■ ■'- '""■ 
 
 ; ^-^:''i^'''^'"''^^^^^^ -r ■■"■ 
 
 ;i;;'i;::;:;:;r,^';:;:;t,:;;™-;:t::-:' :::,;;:::-v;i :^^ 
 
 »;;;.:;;:- ;::i:;;u:;;.;:;:;l-::;:r:;,:,!:;i :^;:v^...:;f h,:: ':-;:::;;; 
 
 :;:::::;,"r;:.,.,;:l;;l,;,!;r" "■ ---"^:-:r:l™"r-,r;;:::: :;:;;;; 
 
 l■:n.iM;■■;::;;:;'::,^:!;J;r::r^;:::;;:•::■■' -r' '-- ^ - ...■ .i„. 
 
 ::;:::i::;:;;;;r::;,.;;::j:;^;: ' ■■z:r:r "l';r -7-"^'^l'- ■:.i::'::':' :j" 
 -^;;|i^..;i.-..n !jv ;, ^^v,.':;.:::i'^;;:^;.;-J':;"■v::,!T:.:l^t;' ■;';"" 
 
 •"Ml .\|r. I<,;wkr. w|„,M. k-,„,u|,.,l^,. „,,„|,, ,i„. ,,,^,. ,,,^,^, ■ '"" " '""-■ '^ < "S 
 
 111 th." fnlluwi,,;; iHt.Ts ,m|y s,,,,!,. IK.rsu„,i'r.„a'u..rs ,-t.v ,, 
 .iriiionv witli a furiiia' 
 
 iiiitlcil t(, \,i\,,'^ til,. I 
 
 ni 
 
 l'\ 
 
 liu 
 UK 
 
 '■I'lony witl, a tufii.al i-..|,..ft, aii.l it is tl„„i.rl,f l„ , . '■■'.""",'" """^^ "i''mi Mil.. 
 I'n.ssiut. ..t„,.i„i„n bv .■..,Mp.t,..„t iu.|..J „„/ ,a ,1 . ) ' ^^■"i;: -.'" »"';• - a,. 
 
 ■n.s i,. ,a,,,n,,.a,...„nl,n.„;i,,'^..."':':'^. '"""'" ''^ '■"l-"'-^ 'I- -1-i- 
 
 nii-raccnnlii,- I,, til,. i,i,.tl„„| licins.-tdowi 
 
 l'|'Wi:i.i, I'.iais. ,v ( ',,., 
 
 N". L'7 .Ml 
 
 liN'iM. i-\\i:, l.,,M„,s, .J;uiii;„.v 1 I, Is;, 7 
 'Sir DnNAi.i) A. S\tmi, K.C.M.C., 
 
 "',-li * ' ini.ssii)ii,.r t'oi- ( 'anaila, 
 
 I 7 Vii'lDfia St., S. W. 
 
 ■^IIV-I),. Macphail l,assnl..nitto,| .„ my i„s,„.,ni,m s,.v,.ral .ai„„l,.< ,,f j ll, |,', , 
 l-"lM..rs w h,..|. |„. .nfunus us wo... ,,a,l<,.,i !.v liitu i„ .hu... las, ' ' ""' 
 
 'I ^Mil li.' of iiicstiiiial,!,. l.(.t„.|it t,. th,. wli,,|,. iiHhistrv. 
 
 iiii|ilc i<, cvcrv 
 t'ls liiftiiiiL.' black. 
 
 ^^l■ liavc the liuiinm- tu I'cmaiii, sic, 
 
 ^ 'Mil' incist ,)b,.,li,.||t s,.|.vaMfs, 
 
 <"iin.ss|.: ,v I!i.a(k\m:i,i., Limiti;!., 
 
 Sir DnvA!.!) Smitji, 
 
 \' it'll ii'ia Stret'i, S. W. 
 
 |'"\vi:li. linos, a- (•(». 
 
 I.nviiiiv, .laiiuaiv \-J. I. ^'.17. 
 
 
 or some years pa.st. 
 
28 
 
 MM! I XI-: AX I, FLSIIEIUIuS. 
 
 We 1,.,|„. that tlif Canadiai, (icMMiinieiit will UMuss ,,ui these .■xi,(.n, ,^ .,, ,1 
 
 '•'•v.v,. a larj,,. an.i i,„,,..rtant industry which has h...... .na.hK li S ^^ ^ i 
 
 years on a,..„unt ..f the uncertain out-turn of th. tins. <lun,n.shnio tor m,„h. 
 
 We arv, vour- t'aitht'nilv. 
 
 No. 1 Fi;\( iMiji 11 Di ii,i>iN..,s. 
 
 'I'hc Hii,rli CoMiinis'^ii.Mcr for Canada. 
 No. 17 \'ictnria Street, S. W 
 
 TliO.MAS !•-. ni.ACKWKIJ,. 
 l-o\i)o\, I'i.C.. January 7. |,-^97. 
 
 .Sllf,--\\ |. ha\e M-en to clav a can (if |c.),.stei-s iM-eserve.l l,\ l)r- M.,,.,,l,.,;i i • ,i 
 Hrs, week of June last. XNV'understand tha, . 1 ■ e o , , \ ', ,, k '''^ ' ^''''V'" 
 ot IVince ivlward Island a district notorious for produ^i,;. hhe,,;^' ;,;:;: 
 -ore or less deter.orated l.y the pres ..ce of soeailed black sn.ut and infe, o | ^J V'^' 
 
 II' ^-nn o|,ene,l hetore us was not only ahsolutelv free fron, t leteet n.^t refe r mI 
 
 U;. 'n.t Ihe colour, t.ssue and tiavourof then.eat resend.ied the fresh ar icle , a ■ ■ rl 
 ^^l.le decree. ,,u„e unat ta n,al,ie l,y , he present ,.,e,hods of canning the cn'sta^.V 
 
 it Ins process ean. as we are assured, he adopted in the factori,.s without in'rurrin.^ 
 ^■eat ad,i, nonul expense, the business in this article .dl not , onlv. as a . u, ^ 
 
 ^•^"l""'"'","^'^ ';rr ^"^'t'^""-y "• -'-yboly cncerned. but n-rv lar'e , ^f 
 
 Honey wdl annually be saved, winch hitherto have been lo.st ei, her thro .d dvi 
 <-M or co,d,sea.,on and con.plete destruction of n.anv parcels .hipped . n , ' 
 
 •;;■"•- '"-;l"- '>■■• Maepl.ail has soUed th.^ iroblen, n! !. n.an, ;.,, uu.st 
 
 t.u Mupass the n,ost .san.iruuie expectations which mi^dn have been entertained 
 
 K. L\ZK.\l;> A Son, LlMiTKO. 
 
 'lo the llii^li t'oinuusxioiicr for t'anada. 
 No. 17 \ictoria Street. S,^^'. 
 
 We base, etc., 
 
 .M. L. w ii;/i!ri!(i ,v CO. 
 
 No. IS TlilMTI Sti.'KKT, 
 
 l-oM.o\, S.I-;,. I 111, .p.niuarv. lS:i7. 
 
 he 
 le 
 
 , '^V'" ^^'" ';<^''"".^'''^"'"''''l ^vitli ■■' visit from Dr. Maephail on .M.ndav las, when 1 
 
 As fa, as we ,o d.l see. there was no; tiie sli.^hte.st trace of discoloration eitlu^r on ll 
 hsli or u, th.' uiteri.,r of the tins in which it was paeked 
 
 l»r. .Macphad s .systen, of prese.vin- seems to have l,een perfectlv su.v..ssful and if 
 
 st^ i ; Uh!" .; l" V''"' l-neiit should be derived fron, ,t b • eanners and othl' s te ! 
 
 e.sted m the t ule, tor undoubtedly -reat harm Ins been done by th.. numbers of tins 
 
 ;;;:ti:nv'dt::i;;:,:r"^'^ -->• --• ""■ — - -'^ "■'->''" .H.r :h,:f,;';;; 
 
 NN e are. sir, youi' (iliedieni servavil. 
 
 K. bAZi'NI'.V .V Co., Ln.. 
 
 HKNin W. |'l.;\|,■ol,^ ,v- C,, 
 
 Sir Do.vAi.i. ,\. S\Miii, 
 
 Hiuh Connnissioner for Canada, 
 N'ictoria St.. S. W. 
 
 SiH. ^V 
 
 No. ;■") IOast Ini)|.\ A\i;mi.:. 
 
 Loxhos, l.-)th January, |n;>7, 
 
 Pacl-eirbv I r' \'rr''''A,'""\'"' "l!l';"'^">'.ity "f inspecting a samph. of canne.l lobsters 
 
hlSCOLoHATIOX IX r.ixXEJ) I.OHSTEHS. 
 
 29 
 
 
 fnr,.,u.m..l l„l,st.Ms w,ll 1„. i„,.n.as<.,l. "'^' ^t,„„,„„., ,h,.,|,„,„u| „. tins ••onntry 
 
 Prices now ohtainahlc for I Ik- liiv'li rlass 
 Si'otiii Jind in Ncwt'ounijlahd wduld no doi 
 
 '"ds parked on tlicsoutli nIioiv ot' Nova 
 
 oi-ouiiano in .X'WioumllaiH wduU no ( (.id,t lUol,,. „..;,l t' ., i i . 
 
 7*-;", IV i>i«.."i M 1 .1.1 ..,1:,', : ; , ;; ;;: ::i,''i;' -i; '-i-'i- 
 
 \\ 1' arc, -ii'. 
 
 \oiir ohediont scrwmt'^. 
 
 "HXHV W. |"i;.\l:()hV ,vC(). 
 A. W. La rii.wi ,v Cu. 
 
 Nil. I 7 I'iMi.i'or Lank, 
 
 I o the H.-h ('oiHM.-siom.r for Canada. ■• i-' I, .i,..niai \ . 1 S.(< . 
 
 V'ictoi'ia ( 'iuinibers, N'ictoria St,, S,W. 
 
 l»KAIi S||;, \V( 
 
 ;■;:'""- ;" = « " "-"'•>■ "■.•» .'.• ...a,,,.,,. fc;;,r „;;;;; ,'';;,: "s;;;'' 
 
 tons, ,„i<l -v,., «,. ,„to,.c»to,l |.a,t«.s siMcridj lioi,.- tlwl ll,,:,- »ilU,. ,? ' 
 
 VouiN faitiifully, 
 
 A. VV. LATHAM a- C(.). 
 W. & J), lL\i;vi:sT. 
 
 i'owcATK Dock. V y\'v:n Tii.wik.s >Sthi.-i-t 
 To the Honoural,!.. ^^ONUON, E.C. I 2th January, 18,.7. 
 
 Sir DoxAM) A. Smith, (J.C.M.d. 
 
 Yours most re,sjiect£uliy, 
 
 W. & D. HAItVEST. 
 
30 
 
 MAUIXK ASI) F/S ///■:/:/ /is. 
 
 s AMI I.I. II \NS(,\. Sipv .V i; 
 
 Ai; I i;i; 
 
 N... 17 I! 
 
 'i"llll f-wi 
 
 ><ir l»..\\Mi Smith. (I.C.M.C. 
 
 l-"Ni,nN. IvC, |-j,|| .lamiaiv, isti: 
 
 sent iin.ali>ta,'l...\ >tal.. .,r ihin-.. I'n^nc hm l,,||,r|,iv- 
 
 Wr unv tavunrahlv iinprcssr,! wiij, a sa.M|.l.. ,sl,..xv„ In „s hv I .,■ Mar,,|nil wl,i..;, 
 
 !;;;;!,;;;:;" '""■'^'■'' '" " •'-■'■•' ^' •"-'' -'— -^ i^'t.,, :;..„, i„'s;.!,''::'' ;;;;::; 
 
 It this IS an iiHlicatic f what ran he dniic li\- ,-i.-,.t-,.l I • .-,• 
 
 ;i;;:;;:i;,:: '->- ■ >-• •^ ':::X.u\:r\t .;::::::, 
 
 l!«'lii've US, (icar ^r, y,,urs faillit'ully, 
 
 SA.MIIll. II.\\M)N,S(.X\ I'.AIJTi:!!. 
 
 •liillV I'rilAlUN A- S(.N>. 
 
 X<1. 7 r\|,.\ CnriM. Ol.l, i;i;,,.\|, Stiikim, 
 
 ^. ,. , l>(.\iHi\, |:,tj| .lanuarv, |Sn7 
 
 ^ir |)(iN \i.ii A. Smith, 
 
 lli.u'li roiniiiissioiiLM" tor Canada. 
 N'ictDfia Sttcet, 
 
 1>V l.l"\ri.^hT,l ' li"' ""■ '''"'""■" 1 ^"''"^,-''^^' -""■ "^ tlu.,.ans of iobs.ers packed 
 in IM. .Mat ili.ul. ii is iiiv opinion t lev arc tar siiu(.ri,>r t(, •invtl.i,, ■ I 1 j-uvn 
 
 in my ..xpriioiu... nf Um, ui (ift.vn vca.-: ' .t.>>tl,Hm F liavcsivn parke.l 
 
 ...:!:; ;';?«;;:^:;;:t:;;;;.,;;^•l;-;,;:::';l;;;^;!;t:^;^^ 
 
 .':,;:;,:;'„',":,:;:"■■ ■"" '"*'■'' '--i»"''|"".-»n ^v.Ji'::,,';:,;.;:,:';: 
 
 I remain, youi-f< respectfuHv. 
 
 G. H. TOoMJiS, 
 
 '.'/ ('hni\ijftf't<,,iii. I'.K.l, 
 
 i 
 
 •fo.siM'ii 'J'li.w KKs >;• Sons. 
 
 Sir l)o\.u,i) SMnii, 
 
 High Coiiimissioiu'r tor Canada, 
 
 -Xo. 17 X'ictoria iStroet, S. W. 
 
 No. 1 111 (^\^•^o^• Sthkkt, 
 
 f^oMx.N-, H.C., 15tli .lanuarv, lSi)7. 
 
 Wear." ulad to leani from Dr. .Maephail that the lobster whip], Iw. .1, i i , 
 been packe,! in a di.stri.t where the Hsh vhieh turns hlack in tlti.i f "' ''r' 
 
 found, and we consider that his experiment with th Le in o f V^ 
 He..ded improvement on the methocJ of packing at pl^se'rh v ^^.^ , ^S^h'""" '' 
 as the colour of tlie lobster was conceni"d '^ ' ^ ^'^"'•^'^'.V- -i^ far 
 
 tlr 
 
 U 
 
 e suggested to Dr. Macphaii. that the 
 
 avour was in our opinion, 
 
 standard of some of the tine .lualities of Newfoundland particul 
 
 that the tish in its present form, would immediately ta'l 
 that we referred to. 
 
 not e(|ual to 
 particularly, nor do we think 
 e the place of tlie tine (|uality 
 
( 
 
 I'lSCol.OL'ATloX L\ CAXX/:/ 
 
 »U'c uri' c-itjci/ir 
 
 iirMii'istoiiii tVniii h 
 
 Or. .M;if|i|iiiils [irncfss r 
 
 II was uliat hf uant. 
 
 I'oiii 
 
 I'/'"''-^. ^vlii'li l»r. .Mii.'i.hail puinlnl 
 
 A 
 
 > /j)/!sr /.;/:. 
 
 VlTV hii^f) 
 
 31 
 
 II iiii|i<.riaiil (iilliciili 
 
 I -laiidarij, \\\ 
 
 in'li \vc 
 
 similar to tl 
 
 K' NdUIld cm; 
 
 •'iMuhttiii, " \v| 
 
 iiialini' til 
 
 "I", ".l- lilc M,UI,()illir ,,,• 
 
 V (■oiiiicci.'d Willi liis 
 
 ,SWl'||(.(| 
 
 tl 
 
 ncli mcaiiN tiial it 
 
 III 'lie till when i 
 
 t I- what 
 
 •iK' 1III-. wliicl 
 
 II' iattiT 1 
 
 r hciiiir II 
 
 l)!v tak 
 
 A 
 
 1^ CXI.ccIrd 
 
 lU'-W U. I(, I 
 
 ^'' MIMIC lllllC Im Id 
 
 't iipinidi) thai ii w, 
 
 ll<l\f llils 
 
 \va> rcyai 
 Wc ,■ 
 
 dcd I 
 
 mid lilt imatciv 1 
 
 inciican plna^c t. 
 Iiicjiid 
 
 ^"(iiici 1,1- lat'T, I,, I 
 
 r this coMilll 
 
 icccmc 
 
 I Was \ CIV 
 H' trade, as 
 
 ''IliWII Of 
 
 Ice. It till- 
 
 -\ ■ teiij \^ 
 
 '""• '"I'l II \\ullld prnl 
 
 \ the Ir; 
 
 le i)\erc,,in 
 
 HlC as l)e||ii_r .sucecs-fiil | 
 
 mnided i, 
 
 111 the j,'|-adih;r ,,f 
 
 to hear t'lo.ii |)|-. M;,,.] 
 "listers, uhieh I 
 
 iiail that I 
 
 I'ls lieeii :i -real 
 
 II ntliei particular.' 
 
 '■!'<■ ad' pled : j 
 ic new s\>ieiii ot' 
 
 Jiifilia- 
 iiit wc are 
 
 'ackiiii,' 
 
 "^ I'l'llleiple ilicliidcsai 
 
 I llllplovclllcilt 
 
 ;nus. unc licei, verv deinmental to the ..UJwc ■,,'"' t'"'""""^- '""' '"- 
 
 '"•'^'■t-l.V ;'lad to hear that he ha. heeii ahle t ' , , • '"' "'"'"• '""' '"' ^'"'"l-l '••' 
 
 US to depend on the iv.Milarilv of Ihc' p. 'ii,; '"'''■'''''■'■ ^' ^•^■^"■"' "'-'' -"'M '-.-.hh. 
 
 -™i.:'i::itlJ;!T :;;;^^ i.i^-.i,ictiic...„e..,o 
 
 n' '"■;-''•• ''-"■"--- -'i^/v-'r; s, ; ;:: ; :;'^' ;:;';;■ '^"-'- -'--^ -inm. 
 
 "••"'" ^""' ""-1" «- n.Mil, ill ,,„ improvcmc, I i V ' '""I"-- -r' p.i.hi,,. U,,. 
 
 tl.aii what is pacl<e,i at Vivseni l,v -onie f . Ies ^ ^ "";'"' """""" ''^■"<'•• 
 
 '•nn,n,i:,Mh n,o„er nuani itie; „„ I '" "nine, s, and if he is siicc-cssfnl in 
 
 a I..'rfcrt siicees.s. I """t''^ "P '" 'Ins standard, the i^esiilt wonl.l undouhtidly he 
 
 ^. '""Nr;;:;;:,,!::;::;::^ 
 
 •><■ ,^'nuled unitonnlv '^ " ''^ l"'-^''''""- ■"id that the parcel should 
 
 ,«-J;'i:::';lj:,:;^ri;;;::::^,;;i:'-^^^^^ ,„,..,, 
 
 absolutely frco from all ohnoxious ..crms" . ' *"";"'"'" <i"V('rnmeni to he 
 
 i( the system were advertisc^lj i^nir ; e' WhT'"''''':;",'' '^ '"'"'■ ""'' ^^ "''"'< 
 remove a greitt, deal of the picju.licc which his 1,,,, l'' "i ' 1 """i''""''*'. it would 
 
 "■""^':;;"V:;i"i r t"' f '- "V.",..-h.v ,l;:::::r,° :r:t;; 'i; ' "^' -■» •■■■ 
 
 .\c shall he ;,dad to hear of Ur Ma<'i,hiilV <ne,.,. «•" soki. 
 
 '"'''■"•■ >■ '"■» "'-• «■ '. '" - ''..■■"-"■'A.;™:;,,:;:'!,™, ;;-„;;:;:•• » « '■• 
 
 We are, dear sir. 
 
 Yours faithfully. 
 
 I'OH J. THAVKIIS .V SONS, i,,,.. 
 Iv 1 Jo Won. 
 
 ArsTis, Niriioi.s .v Co. 
 
 Ni;w ^'uuK. December I I IS'JG 
 Tlie Honounible th,. Minister of Marine and Fi.sheries, 
 
 Dominion of Canada. 
 
 cann^'^b; I'n-i^i^lei.^rr shL' thc'^; v ^f^;\ '^ .^^I''^ "^ '•'•-..• 
 
 a special process on which he^iias been ex^JilmnUn! '"'' "''"'' '"" '^^ P^duced under 
 
 »inneJ!:f"t£^;:::r:;!.^:;:,;-— i;''^'\f^*^ ^-- -'ity,the fish being 
 
 that wo ,.cc.ive from the I)lii.?io,i ; ' of canned lobster 
 
 conunand a higher price in o^^ket t1', .h^ '"T"' '*'"?' '\'^''' ^^"^^P'^' ^-^"'^1 
 the Do,niaion1o,. the past few ™a s ' «"^^h..^-"<I-^ as we have been receivin,^ from 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 AUSTIN, NICHOLS & CO. 
 
32 
 
 MAiuxr: AX/ 1 rif^ III-: HIES. 
 
 ;;;.;.:;t;;::;^^(;;:;:^:;:,Jr::;:::-;:;;;- 
 
 ;;:;;;:■,, ''i::,r;::" "■ ' ■^"»" * "■■ '■■-"■"i-- r.»..i ,' i.„. ,,i, "; 
 
 < I'M 1,1 SliiV. 
 
 I l.av.. ,,^^^^^^^^^ ,i„,, ,,.„|,..,„.| |,„„ ,.^.,, ,.,„,,^,,,_„^, ., 
 
 .Ms„„e, . [ l,,.,v,. -,.,.„...UI„. ,.auM.. ,„■ ,|„. ,1.,.., innuiun, I f, .nnul;,,.. l.Huu ,1„. ,n,..s„n s 
 
 ;'■;;;:'': ;'"■"*■'■ ' ■" •"" •"■-■•"-■ '- "- -s. , „ i,is ..w. ,'.s,:.Msii.iii,v. .. :' 
 
 """■■' "^■■'^"•"■■^';l"-'''.""" ' '— '■ n, ...nta.t wiU, so man; „..■,. ,i,| nvnv..,! 
 
 '•y -;--• I" I'nn,... vhvanl Islaa.l (l„. , hanks. ,f M,' wh„l,. i,„lu.,.v, u> s,. fa li ! 
 .o,,,l,,,av In. a,.,.,^.,,|,sh,., a,v ,1,.,. ,„ M.^srs. Ma.ln.s < : ran,, I i;..anl, Ti!| ^,H 
 
 l'ar(|iiliafs,)n, ,MacNiitt and LcuiL^wmi h, 
 
 Las. uf all, ii n.ay nni I,,, out of plar. ,., sav thai whilr a, nn.rs th. inTpl.-xit ics of 
 tl- u„|„ny u-..,v .r.a, ti,..y ncH,l,l have Ih-.m. .^vutor ha.l i, ,„., 1 „ tu ,1 ■ so 'nti . 
 
 s H It a. ,1 L,.n,.,„s„y „t ham! rs,,,.,-,,.,,,.,..! t,.,,,, ih. I lnnu„ral,].. th.. .MinisU-r nf Marin.- 
 
 A.;sT,rUT n..- MKTnnl. K K, UM M km .,„ ,,„; ■,„, ..^sMS„ o,- ,.Oi;sTK,!S, UN T,,,, ,ms,S nv 
 
 rill'. ii)ui:m)1\i. iM.nim. 
 daily.'' ];;;!;;';;: ''^■'•'''''^"'•'■^'^^'''^•''•''Ii^''-'''.nnu„. in s,.a wau.r whirl, is ron..w,.,| 
 
 ■1. ('nn\ on lia,.. wash,..! tah|.>s and luvak ,,IVas s,„.n as p.,ssil,|,.. I'a.r,. ID 
 •', I nil the tads, r..,n..v ilu' nu'at tVoin arms and claws, |«|ao,. s.-nanitelv in nnw 
 whirl, have. I,..,M, rl,.ans..,| :„ |„,i|in^. f,vsh wal.-,'. Pa.^e 15 -'paiaUh ,n pans 
 
 fivsl, wai"! " iC-'l^' ""'■ ''""""'' ""'•' "■""' "^ '^''- ""'■' "'^ ^'■""" -'"'"' '" "''•' 
 .-,. Wash a .seooiul time in Cvsl, wa,,-,' whi,.h has l«.,.n l,.„l,..l and c.,„ (If tl,.- 
 
 tK.h wat..,. ,s lak,.,. ,■.,„. a tmsh sprin,- .adoep p,.,v well, this hoili,,,- is un.KV^sarv ) 
 K I a.... ,,,,,, ,.th..nware dishes and .•ov.t will, clean .•.„t.,n wl,i..h has j„st l.eVn 
 
 I)i>i1.mI m t,,.sh water. Allow t.) drv. Paye m. ' 
 
 7. Wash th.-.laws in the same way. mnovin.^. all eoajrulated blood and drain ,irv 
 .. l.'an.se all eans, .emovmg .■os,n with tiirpi-ntine. and all other stain with 
 
 1. ethylate,! spnits .„■ othcy s.n.abl.. Iluid. wash in ..old tV..sh water and wipe .Iry w 
 
 elean d.,th. Do not toueh msid.- ..f eans afierwa.-ds with finders. I'a.^es •' 4 and •>0 
 . . Insert hn.nj^s winch must he kept f,e.. fr.,m ,lust in the oiiKimd paokaives" ' 
 
 b,.st . nalit V '*^ " '" '''"' "'"" ^" "'''" ^'f"^'P"""i*'"'^ to the pound, .salt to I'.e of the 
 
 wif). Vr ?r'i "T '"'T'""'"; '" ')'" "V' ^'^ '"'"•'• '"^'^'ili".^- ^l'« '"f'^^t as little as possible, 
 witn al-.ioliitely clean hands. Let the meat be .piite dry. ' ' 
 
 1:2. Cover, wipe and seal at once. 
 
 i:!. Concave the ..over as much as possibl,. b.-fore the blow-hole is sealed, hv press- 
 ing d.iwn the middle. Paye iT). ' ^ ^ 
 
 II. liathe atonce, the pound cans, Hfty ,„inutes to one hour, the half-po„ml cans. 
 
 ':;^^;: %: n';:. .1"" '""''" " '^ ^'•^"' -'-''' "-'^' ''-' --^ ^e boiun^ 
 
 1.x Heinove and cool. D.> n.jt probe. Keep cool. Pa<re -H) 
 
the 
 
 I 
 
 DISCOWliATWN IN CANNED LOBSTERS. 
 
 33 
 
 17. Hnmove and keep cool. Do not probe. Keep cool. 
 
 haif,lL:J!t^li;,;:;.:"^*'"" '"^"''^ ''^^'^ '^'^*'"' ^''" ^^-""^ ^'^^^ ^^-^^ ™'-^-' ^^e 
 
 ly. lieniove and k(!op cool, do not probe. 
 
 20. Tn very hot weather repeat No. \A after another twelve hours. Pa^e 24 
 -'I. Do over any leak and treat as a fre.sh can " 
 
 22 l!..forecon.n,encin« "scald" in fresh hot water all ve.ssels, tables, knives forks 
 cloths, .kc., winch are likely t.. com j in contact with the nu-at ' 
 
 -.5. Let the shortest possible time elapse between breaking off and packin-' and 
 
 ^^^l:::(ir^ '"'""«• ''^^^^ '" ^""^" ^-^^ -^''- ^'-^ --^ uii ;iz::p;^s! 
 
 24. Allow no bodies, refuse or other offal to accumulate about the factory or to be 
 
 hrown n>to the water around it. Factories built in the water .sh..uld have ?free dean 
 
 !!nd :uE '"'" ^ ''"" '"'^ "" ^'"^" '^^« ^'^ •^^ '^^P^ ^'--^ - -^-« rue^tioncS: wilhln 
 
 110—3