-,'*>. «>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A .// * i/. % 1.0 I.I III 1-8 1.25 1.4 1 1.6 ^ 6" ► m & /a ^i ^ h. ^. V y ^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notat/Notaa techniques at bibliographiquas Tiie Institute has attempted to obtain the best G/!03nal copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may ise bibiiographicoiiy unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. n □ D n n n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagAe Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou peiliculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ RellA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es iors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, iorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmies. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppiimentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t4 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point do vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mit^ode normale de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. r~~| Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/oi Pages restauries et/ou pelliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxei Pages dAcoiories, tachetAes ou piquAes Pages detached/ Pages dAtach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Qualiti inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du matiriei suppi^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule 6dition disponible r~n Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ r~lr Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ |~~| Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc., ont M filmAes A nouveau de fa^on A obtenir la meilleure image possible. The c to the Thei( possil of th( filmir Origlr begin thj la sion, other first f. sion, or illu Theii shall TINUI whici Maps differ entire begin right requii meth( This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed hern has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Pubiic Archives of Canada L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grice h la ginArosit6 de: La bibiiothdque des Archives pubiiques du Canada The images appearing hare are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on thd last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettetA de l'exemplaire filmi, at en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmaga. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont film6s en commen9ant par le premier plat at en terminant soit par la dernl6re page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autras exemplaires originaux sont fiimis en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol ^^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la derniire image da cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^' signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimis d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est fiimd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1/ V ^ i» '' a ;-- ^l r\J V n A \ MANITOBA ^ AUD TUB CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. A KRPRINT OF TWO LBTTBBS PEOM Of Janvabi 30ih iki> SIbx, 1B94. LONDON! MINTED AMD PUBLIBHBD BY GEORGE EDWARD WRIOHT, THB TI PBINTBD AMD "^^^JJ^J^^ PBINTING HOUSE SQUARB. 1894. n OANAO/L. y^ THE N0UTU-WE8T.-I.* (FaOM A CoHRBSPONDBJiT.) . Many of tho probleuii connected with the present condition and pro- •pective development of the Dominion of Canada have a profound interest for the people of the Unite.l Kingdom and of the Empire at large. In tiiose problema are involved matters deeply affecting emigration, food and coal supply, trade relations, maritime position, Imperial defence and com- munications, and many other questions, which, from a national point of riew, are of the first importance. Though the growth of population in the Dominion has not been so great during the last decade as was expected, events are none the less moving fast. Tiiis movement, too, is one which, in tho very nature of things, must have far-reaching influences. It does not seem to mo tin exaggeration to say that the course which affairs take in Canada during tlie next few years may havo a decisive influence upon tho direction of Uritisii history. Tho primary reason for this impression is obvious. Canada is the first of the groat colonies which has formed a political combination that gives her a position closely akin to that of a nation. Iler territory comprises 35 per cent, at least of the whole Empire, and covers nearly half of the North American continent. It is only within the last few years that she has become fully conscious of the vast possibilities of this largely undovelupo.l area. Facing upon the two greatest oceans of tho globe, the country is brought into easy commer- cial communication ai-.d international relation with much of the world. For nearly 4,000 miles it borders upon, and therefore has more or less intimate relations with, the United f^tntos. Thus, il.orgh Canada has not a nation's franobiEC, her people and statesmen havo to consider in many ways II o interests of a nation. Py tho mere ctmpulsion of ciroumstanoos her states- men are fast becoming states r.en of the I!mi Ire. Already more than once their advice has been csseiitial to tbe wiso conduct of the most difticult ♦rublisbed ia Th: Tima, SOtli Tannuiv. I8ft4, 1-a Iin])«iiiil ne]{«)tiaiions. It in this fuol which gives Much oitrume ilgnihctne« to hor preaoiit ]>ONitiun. In wlint direction will point th« intorosti and MpiratioiiK of a ^^(.•at rcilony which lias reached this stago of growth 1 How far do thnse iiiterostH and aiipirntiona coinoido with thoso of Dritilh people (;onorany / Thono are largo «|U«*fltions which cannui bo answered off-hand. That tliuy must ho nnnwerud Hooner or later invites or almost compelH tliu ctirefiil Htudy uf C'linadiaii cotiditions. England nn.st keep in touch with thn thoughts and iiitorosts of her children abroad if sho is to bo to thoni still in ntality a niothi-r land ; if she it to be among them ft growiui^ mther tluin a waning influunce. Antony the C'ntiadiati problems ruferrml to an of national intorest I am disposed to place forcmont thone coimorted with tho growth and settle- ment of thfi vast provinces of tho North-West. These provinoos are sure, sooner or liitur, to be lillod with a |x>pulation of many millions of poopl«, Knglish-niieaking, and for the most part of British blood. To umigranti from the United Kingdom t'ley now ofTor tho most readily accessible areai in the fimpiro where homestead land-^ can ntill be easily acquired. Thej equally offer abundant lands to tliose foreign emigrants who are willing to add to the strength of the Ktnpire by adopting British citizenship^. Tho extent lu which this proces.i of assimilating energotic and useful material from other races is l)eing carried on in Canada, as in the other colonics, may be strikingly shown by a single illustration. Within tho ist few years Manitoba and the North-West Iwve absorbed nearly 10,000 of the industrious and intelligent inhabitants of Iceland, who have Tolun- tarily become most useful, loyal, and satisfactory British subjects. Thio migration is still going on, and it seems not unlikely that a considerftbl* proportion of the population of that interesting island will ultimately b« transferred to British soil. Increasing population in these vacant areas means increased powers of production in direction-^ which intimately concern British consumer*. It is only seven and a half yearw since railway communication was fully est** blished with tho North-West, but already wheat from Manitoba farms and cattle from Alberta ranches aie finding their way to the English market in increasing volume. Any one who studies existing conditions, who seee bow comparatively email is the area as yet occupied, who observes the facility with which production nuy be increased, will, I think, be cott- vincod that the Great Lakes, the 8t. Lawrence, and Canadian railway systems will soon be the channels for an immense outflow of food pro- ducts directed towards Britain. Tlio inevitable pressure of consumption upon production in the United States, hitherto the chief source of British importation, gives peculiar interest to this nueation of Canadian food •apply ; tha Ailing up, riurtovei-, of tItcM vaiit territories with an Adequate popuUtiun !■ almost etieiitial to the oumpleto ccmsolidetion ef that reiiiai liable, hut as yet not fully appreoiateU, maritime position whioh is seouiod to the Kmpiro hy thu faot that thu Dominion luitts, with •ommunclin^ outlook, u|)on hoth ilio Atlantic and the I'acilio, whuru these oceans respectively furnish tl.it Bhorto->t linii ensieRt nccuss from the American nontinont to Kuropo an-l Ania. Ju^t At tlio middlo utid wnntorn Staten bind Nuw England ami the east to tho Pnuitic Htaten, so tlio tilling Q]) of tlie Nortli-Wo.st will cotiiploto tliH eoliesion between tho Atlantic and the I'acilic provinces of C'anada. Wishing to form tin oBtimatb of thf proj,'re88 and pfoapocts of tho North- Wcst, of its food-producing capacity, and of the conditions of sottleinont, I eloctud to visit tho country at a sensun not usunlly considered favourulilo. Friends in Enf,dand and Canada alike r« proachod me for not planning to reach the prairiui in time to see the wonderful prospoct afl'ordod by the wide stretches of waviii(]( f,'ruin. hut wo know that in all countriuA not only the promise of spring; verduru and of summer growth, but alao of curly Autumn ripening, may be blighto.l liy rain or drouglit or frost, and so £ preferred to visit the North-Wust in the late autumn and eurly winter, when the former had got down to tli<« bod rock of reality ; when his stacks had beon tbreshod and the grain measured or sold ; when he wan preparing to face tho winter and was carrying on the operations necessary to make the work of the spring moat effective. If audi a time for studying a country lacks some elements of the picturesque, it ha.i interest otjual to any other, and perhaps more of instruction. A new and strange sense of vastness grows upon the mind as one travels day after day over the prairies with the distant sky-lino as the chief object which fixes the eye. Tho impression is diti'erent from that produced by wide space at soa, 'for the imagination ut once begins to till up these •normous areas witli homes and bu.sy inhabitants. At first sight it seems only necessary to pour out population over thesu vast spaces in any direction. 'I'his is soon found to be a mistake. 'I'hero aro lands good, bad, and middling. Some districts are more subject to frost than others. There are areas whoro the soil is excellent, but where at some seasons water in sufliciont abundance is wanting. There is alkali land in the far West, where the great American desert pushes northward a considerable offshoot. One limited district there is wliero, from some peculiar con- figuration of the country, hail is an almost annual infliction, and whero, as in Dakota, the hail insurance companies build ui) a business. All this is in tho midst of an extent of good farming land well-nigh incalculable. In such circumstances the iirst, second, and third duty of those who would •rtllo tilt* t oiiiilry in ir»riifetitly to rtduce tho huiineNt of laud neUction •H cloiuly »■ limy 1)0 I.) At) PkAct «oi«ni«. Tu allow any acttlor in tlie North-Wost tu \;n upon land which ia not the l>«it availahio ii a Rcoit iniHtnko. Tho raiUay coiniianivn nnd tho (lovoniinont nru bnginnin^ to r(>uli/o thifl too long-tief^loctod truth. Lniida are now carefully nurvpyed And thoir olinnu toriHtii'H iiotod. Skilled pioiioom »ru invited to precefU pactieii of cniii^r.intu and inoko careful choice. Tho Canndiiiti Pnciflo Knilway Company Lhalluu^'ON iu\0Hti(j;atiotis of itH landa and givui free puRHon to thxHo wlio winli to cxrimiun thorn with n \ tow t'> auttlO" iiiont. It aonds out cxp(>rii'iu'e(l ugontN to assiat the individuiil rotllor in innkiug n choico. All thin In linvin;:; a f^ood efToct, nnd is correcting tho mistiikes of cnrlior dnyH. Tli«' trouhlo taken will bo well ropuivcr the Southern Mani- toba road to Estovan, tho point to which it was last winter completed, and thence back to rejoin the main lino at Prandon, in all a distance of nearly 600 milea. At ii;tcrvul.s of 10 or 12 miles over nearly all this distance prosperous little towns are springing up, each equipped with two, throe, or fou? ( levatois to dcnl wit!i tho j.rain raised in tho snr.o.mding districts. Who it was being shipped rapidly at the time, and tho.<(o elevators were usually surrouiulod by teams waiting to deliver the:r loads. V.u^o stacks of straw, soon to be Ivuruod fer want of any Ijcttcr i.Fc, showed where the grain had been threshed in the fields whero it was grown. In the latter part of October I ti tti« «1«)liv»ri«i of wh«iit At Kort Winitm ftton« imounttd to • thoua»it<1 r«r-loK(Ia p«r weok, adcI tho railroadi w«ru flnding it ilillloult to de«l with all tliAt w»ii oflTcrctl. tvr IHI4 tho whole North-Weiti'in pro ly of Iiihour. For IHO'i tho output wna hutwoon 15 an'l U\ million hunhtlii, hut the avorngo i|U.ility wAH HUM h hif^hir than in WM, and thu crop wu.i ^oiiorally ouvod in good condition. For 1H{»3 a roliablo report indicuton that tho A^'gregnto pn» dut tion ■liovra u largo inuruuNo ovor 1803. As the yield pur acre in not moru than an averago ono, the ndvanuo !■ duo to incroAiing population and II widt-r acrcagi'. It ia froni couHiduring thono dgurca and thon roiiKurf hering how shoi-t ii the tiniu ainco no wheat for exportation was produi'od that wo got an iidu ready for a crop. In May, I80O, not a and had boon broken on th«) farm. In 181*2 ],t)0() acres at least wtio under crop, with 50() acres odditionul of Bunimcr fallowing. Utitwcon Juno, wlion the farm seeding elohed, and Hcptcml)or, whon harvest began, a now block of 700 acres waa made per- fectly roidy for tho next spring sowing in April. The 01 orations cunsistod of a first ploughing, in which a very thin sod is turiiod from tho virgin jirairie, and then, when this ia completed, tho back-set, or second deeper ploughing. Careful harrowing follows, after which the soil is as cotiii)lotely prepared for tho seod drills as in tho best ICnglish farming. At an adjoining farm, lattdy set off from tho same estate, HOO acre.s wore ready for seeding where not a sod had been turned tlie previous spring. It probably costs between five and six dollars (JL'l to JLl Cs.) per acre tu prepare land as thoroughly as that which I examined at Qu'Appollo, I heard of cases where, under a rougher system of farming, land wos made ready at nnicli less cost. A man with two yoke of oxen and a gang plough breaks up a quarter section (IGO a "rc^) during tive spring and sunimer months, and the wholo expense per acie is less than three dollars {12s. Cd.). The rapidity and cheapness of {reparation strike the observer forcibly after he has watched tho slow processes by which farms are made in the forests of Eastern Canadu or IJiitish Columbia, in New Zealand bush, among Tasmaninn and Australian gum trcos, or by reclaiming waste lands in England or Scotland. Manifestly any consider- •bU Appltr^itton (if oftptUi or • Urf* Inflow of fttrmiiif popiiUtlon mlgM, urui^r •iich oonditintiH, incr*A«n the whsnt output v*rjr i»piilljr. Farina cnrri««l uii Itjr cumpaniuN on » Ur){« notkln ar* ititt on tho^ trial in |h« North-Wanf. Som« liavn provott unrotminorativ*. Onn of thoHO to whit'lt I hftM* rttfiTiflil hail l>o({uii to pay very aatiafat^tory dividanJa, anil thara ia noiipparant louaoti why it nhouM li« an nn'nptional raxa. Kvary^ thing c1«i|i«iula upon hoiiaaty aud thor»ughriaaa o( niana^^mant. Tha watchful Myu of tliu aumll utviifli- ntmina on tlia whola thn nioat raliahia uioana r)f •topping laakii^*'!, for whiidi tharn ara tv.ixuy opportuuitiaa on ■ Urga aHtfttf, nnd iThich iiro fatal in a tinia of knari fnrmioff rompatition. On tha otli«!t' liiind, groat iiavinf(i iira often offaetnd Ity a nuftifiant command of cnpitul, in wlucli tha company linn an RdvAiitaK" ovor tlio nmnll fnrnier. But, wliuthttr liy \(iV^o proptitttora or ainall, thn Xorth-Wanlnrn prairioa hnvn u capucity for rapid inorenno of production which ini({ht n| aodiljr liecoiiia vt-ry yrpiit under any Bxigonoy of dnniand. Tha iNorth'Wt'HtciM fiirmor h.ii hin upeeial >I>IomH of nature, and lin doo.n ao hy ntudyin^ thorn and adapt* ing Idmnclf to new-'onditions. 'I'hc koy to siiccoMsful farming in tlie North- Wiist consiatH in knowing how to nicot tho dnngers of froat. To thi.n ond thefarntor mu<«t prepare during (ho autumn for tho work of tho aprini;. Abundance of full pinughing is r ndcoasity of tho country. 'I he moment the liATvest iit ofV the fluld.s the jdough ia ttirnci««y Mre o|>on to a mui'ii mora proflttthl* u»«. It ia cUlmad that froKon wli»a f«f, kutter, and othor pror thiit th«ro ia at prohont moro thnn one rciiintn. Labour in often acarco und oxpiuaivo, htu\ tho attention to dotal! required in mixed farm* ing ia therefore rendered dillioult. Fencing ia necuaaary with a variety of atock, and fencing in aomo parta of tho treeless prairiu country ia expon« live. On the othur hand, thoro in n'niiolhirig of tho tcmf>tiition of gariililiiig in whuat raiHtng. With a good auui^oii, largo oropa, un'e| tho profita from n few Imnclred acres of whcRt land aro very lurge. A a far RB ono could luarn from rather exlennivo inquiry tho production varioa uil tho way from If) to 40 LuhIioIh por aero, accordin;; to tho nature of tho Hnil and seuHon. The price, too, has varied in ditl'eront yoara from bbv. to 81 por buahel for the boat grado of grain. In such circuni.stancoa tlio totupta- tlon to Bpeculuto on tho charx-es of the year is very {,'roiit. As long, liow- ovor, an tho farmera of tho North-West stake so much upon a sin^'lo pro* duct, HO loii;^ must thoy bo proparo'l for peat (luctiiutions of prosperity. Wheat, in .^yinpHthy with prices all over tho world, htiH t.cver boon so low afl during the last two years. 1 found many a faiiaor in Manitoba who was getting only r>r>c. a bushel for his wheat, j-aying at thu same time liij,'h ])rico8 for p.>rk, l)«of, button, and othor uocessary articles of food, brought from Ontario and tho United States. That this is liad farming, foi' which there can bo no sulllciont excuse, is a lesson whicii is boing slowly but certainly leariiod. When it hai been thorou^^hly learned -when ini.ved farming is the ruli rath'-r than the exception— I believo that tl.o per- manent prosperity of the North-WeHtern farmin;:; interest is a.'SuroiT. 'JJiia 1-a 10 «ras tho opinion I found held bj men witii long oxperience of the countryf •uoh ns Qovenior "^chultz and Mr. Groenway, the Premier of Manitoba. The risk from frost, if faced with far-sighted energy, does not seom to me 00 great nr the risk from drought in Aiintralia— scarcely greater than the risk from a rrulonged wot season in Great Britain. Hence I believe that this vast country will gradually bo filled up with a prosperous farming population. The cold winter is not seriously dreaded by the people, and the ovhor seasons givo great cliniatio compensations. During tho whole month of October, while I was going westward over the prairies, there wai not a drop of rain, while the perfect sunshine which prevailed week after week furnished a striking contrast to tho reports of storm and wet and cold which came from England. As I journeyed eastward some weoki later winter was settling down on tho land, and at Winnipeg the thermo- meter had already been at 20dog. below zero. But there were the same bright sky and sunshine, and the clear cold seemed to give an added activity to people's steps and a buoyancy to their spirits. 1 • II.* What was said iu a previous article about the North-West had reference chiefly to the comparatively treeless prairie country which has hitherto been tho principal area of wheat culture. It would be a great mistake, however, to suppose that North-Western Canada consists exclusively of level prairie. Westward from Manitoba along the Qu'Appelle, northward on tho Saskatchewan, and all along the eastern slope of the Rocky Moan* tains are vast regions of a partly wooded, partly grass-covered country,park- like in appearance, undulating for the most part, and with striliing varia* tions of scenery formed by the grouping of mountain, hill, lake, and river. Country of this kind will always have for many settlers attraction* which they do not find in the absolutely level prairie — attractions for tvhich no richness of soil or ease of culture can compensate Parts of these regions, whiJ j admirably suited for ranching, are, without irri- gation, less fitted for agriculture. This is true of considerable districts in the vicinity of Calgary, where, however, the opportunities for irriga- tion are excellent, and only await the application of capital and skill. Other parts seem suited alike for grazing and agriculture. It is difficult to speak with anything short of enthusiasm of the appearance and apparent possibilities of one vast rogio i which is now attracting much attention and to which a very considerable stream of settlers has already set in. The railway lately opened for a distance of about 200 miles from i ♦ Published in The Times, 31st January, 1894. ti Calgary to Edmonton gives easy access to one part of this counti-y ; the lino between Regina and Prince Albert to another. Between those points and both north and south of the Saskatchewan aro areas which nature looms to liavo specially adapted for thut mixed farming which 1 have mentionod as being the most reliable and satisfactory. Thero are numerous streams, large and small, of excellent water. The Hutri« tious native grasses, onoo tho only food of millions of buffaloy naturally turn into good hay as they stand, and, as in tho purely ranching districts, give winter us well as summer food to horses, which aro accustomed to puwing awny tho snow, and to cattle as well, when the snow is not deep on tho ground. Abundant shelter for cattle is furnished by tho valley a and woodland bluffs, and the latter supply also material for fencing and fuel. Of other abundant fuel I shall have occasion to speak when considering Iho coal supplies of the Dominion. In a drive over a northern portion of this territory, from Edmonton to St. Albert, 1 was struck with tho signs of prosperity which followed even the careless favraii\g of the half-breeds who havo for some time occupied this district. Wide lields of wheat stubble, herds of sleek cattlo in the fields, droves of fub pigs around tho stacks of straw in the farm- yards, flocks of poultry, all toltl of plenty to support in comfort a people content to live chiefly on the produce of their own farms. I cannot but think that this whole range of country offers great and varied induce- ments to hardy settlers, and would yield a rich reward to those who brought industry and intelligence to the work of fanning. It is sure to bo filled ultimately with a prosperous population, whether the process of settlement goes on slowly or rapidly. Of the extent of territory capable of successful settlen;ent still further north, in tho direction of the Peace River, no one as yet even attempts to form an estimate. There is already abundant evidence to show that the deep northward bend of the isothermal lines which occurs as we approach the Rocky Mountains upsets entirely all calculations based on tho idea that latitude alone determines climate. How far this fact enlarges the supposed scope of agricultural settlement in Canada is one of the interesting problems of the future. Our present concern, however, is with lands actually in the process of settlement. Turning from the farming to the grazing districts, wo find that tho ranching industry, in Alberta especially, has in a few years grown to large dimensions. It is carried on chiefly by the aid of English capital and under English direction. At Calgary 1 found an interesting experiment being carried out with a view of reaching distant markets rapidly and effectually. Large numbers of cattle from the Cochrane Ranch were being 19 killed in abattoirs at Calgarj, and the chilled beef was being sent to the oitios of Eastern Canada in cars specially arranged for the purpoae. Tha meat was received at Montreal and Ottawa in perfect condition, competinf succossfuUy with tho beat that local markets could supply. It is claimed that, with improved transport arrangements, this is by far the best way in which to carry tho products of the ranches to English markets as welt. Bomo ardent believers in the system think that tho scheduling of Canadian oaltle, by compelling tho use of new methods, may prove to the Canadian farmer a blessing in disguise. In 1872 Canada had exported no moat, live or (load, to Great Britain. The numbers of live cattle sent had already rison in 1891 beyond a hundred thousand annually, and yet this does not rcprosont more than a fifth of what the British market absorbs. A special class of ships has been designed to meot the wants of this groat trade, which has become a considerablo factor in the prosperity of several Itritish ports as well .is Canadian, and in the success of steamship and rail" way systems. Horses have not ns yet been exported in large numbers to 1ti'it:vini but the stock on the ranches has increased lapidly, and the wants of the British market are now being carefully studied. Lately an experi- ment has been made in transferring numbers of choice horsos from tho ranches to Ontario farms, wlience, after being thoroughly broken, they are brotiglit to Kngland for sale. That it only pays to bring to the English market horses of tho l>e8t (juality is a point now well understood. Tho ranching of tlic North-West, like its farming, has had its entire do- volo[)ment within the last ten years. Experience has been painfully ac(iiiired ; the raiichma)i has had many fluctuations of prosperity, and has folt his way slowly towards success. The best accessible information indi- calos that the industry is now established on a permanent and fairly satisfactory basi«. Between Western ranches and Eastern farms it seems clear Canada will more and more become a chief source of meat supply for the United Kingdom. What has now been said shows to how great an extent the Canadian North-West depends upon its agricultural interests. Alike in the areas principally devoted to wheat culture, in those where from the first mixed f«rminR predominates, and in the ranching districts, the present and piospoclive prosperity of the country will consist in finding an adequate market for a large sinphis of food products. This broad fact should bo kept constantly in ?nind, since it cannot but exercise a decisive inHuence on the future policy of the Dominion. I have as yet said nothing about the towns of the North-West. Theso must always furnish some index to the general prosperity of the country around them. Winnipeg, as is well k ^>wn, after springing up with wonder* V 13 , ful rapidity in the first years of settlement, suffered a violent reaotioo a« the result of over speculation in busineei and especially in real estate. The truth is that the inflow of farming population never matched the oxpoota- tions of those who first went to Manitoba ; the city increased in size beyond the neceasities of the province, and bo was compelled to wait some years for the latter to overtake it. JNow the period of stagnation is past, and Winnipeg is making a steady and healthy growth. The constantly- increasing mileage of railway lines which centre at the city mark out for it an assured and large future. Brandon, too, is becoming a considerable railway centre ; much building is going on, and the smaller town is bvxious to secure from the railway companies the same advantages as a wholesaib -distributing point which Winnipeg now on joys. From both Rogina and Calgary railway systems extend north and south, and both have a prevailing air of substantial prosperity. I have before referred to the numerous email but flourishing towns which spring up along every now line of railway. None of those depends upon manufactures ; all ows their existence to the increasing wealth of the surrounding agricultural OOTintry, and furnish the most conclusive proof of its producing capacity. One remark about all North-Western towns should not be omitted. In them life is as safe, property as secure, and the ordinary supremacy of law as complete as in the old towns of Eastern Canada, or in the country towns and villages of England and Scotland. This advantage over the western towns of the United States the country owes in part to the greater slowness of growth which is eo often complained of, and to the natural selection of population effected by a northern climate — partly no doubt to superiority of judicial and social institutions. It is no small thing that the North-West can offer to every immigrant all the social security to which he has been accustomed in the oldest communities. A l?.'bor popalfttion is unquestionably the greatest need of the country. While, however, there is at present a strong popular demand for a vigoroin immigration policy on the part of the Government, I have found that this demand is always qualified by the opinion that numbers should not te purchased at the expense of quality. Should restraints be placed upon undesirable immigration by the United States, Canada will scarcely welcome what her neighbours refuse. But there are strong reasons for thinking that the North-West has now gained a stage of development and established for itself a name which will draw to it a steady and sud'cient inflow of the most desirable population. What are the classes of settlers who succeed and seem best fitted for the North-West ? On the whole one is inclined to describe it as essentially a country for the poor man or the man with a moderate amount of means. Alberta, witli its ranchus, and some of the prairie disiriotn, such as tht Qu'Ai)polle Valley, with opportunities for farms on a large scale, furnish openings for the successful use uf iui^or capital ; but men who themselves work the land are what tho country chiefly requires, and to them it will prove most satisfactory. Among those the advantage certainly lies with immigrants who have had sonio previous practical acquaintance with the iarming conditions of the Canadian climato, or of a climate similar to it. They l)egin at once tu make crops grow, which tho unskilled immigrant rarely does. Settlers from tlio Eastern Provinces or from tho more North* em States easily adapt themselves to tho conditions of tho country ; so on the whole docs tiiu Scottish labourer. The English and Irish farm hand lias less flexibility for change, but he, too, succeeds by dint of pluck and industry. Among foreigners the Icelander easily takes the first place, in virtue of his sobriety, industry, and frugality. Tho Scandinavian does well, and the plodding German. TheNorth-West will never be a congenial home for the Italian and other Latin races. These naturally gravitate towards the warm southern and middle poitions of the United States oi towards South America. I heard very grave doubts express* .1 about the success of one or two colonies of Russian Jews. The difficulty in this case was attributed to inherent disinclination to agricultural pursuits. It may have l)con quite as mu(;h due to the fact that as emigrants they had too much assistance. The experience of the North-West sho'.vs that extraordinary care is re- quired to make a success of assisted emigration. I think that Lord Brassey has discussed in the columns of The Times the comparative failure of his efforts to make easy the path of the emigrant on the colonization estate in which he is concerned. He will be interested in knowing that many of the men who appear to have been discontented, if not idle, when receiving aid, have become comparatively successful when thrown entirely upon tlieir own resources, and compelled to work their own way. This I learned on very good authority. The consideration of this point leads up to ft larger question. To speak broadly, it must be said that the young Englishman of the Tietter classes sent out to the North-West to be a farmer is not a success. The consensus of opinion which I discovered among practical men upon this point was very striking, and the general statement is not disproved by many exceptions. The labouring man, coming from tlie Eastern Pre vinces or from the Old Country to the West with scarce a dollar, will in a few years be a fairly prosperous and contented settler, with a good farm and an increasing stock. The young Englishman, coming with the apparent advantage of some capital, and a quarterly or half-yearly re» mittance from home, at the end of the same time has not got nearly so IS far— ho has Ioha land under oultivntion, ofton he is in debt and more or leas discontented, execrating the country, nnd preventing n more suitable cIbbs of emigrants from coming to it. Wellington thought that Waterloo was won on the plaj'ing fields of Eton. The public school life of the young Englishman develops qualities which make him a good soldier or Bailor, but not a good farmer ; it gives him the spirit and dash of the racer for physical labour, not the patient force of the draught horse. And, after all, the farmer must be the steady draught horse of the social system. Often it is not the strongoat fibre which is sent out from tho better class of English homes, tho market for all that is excellent beinflj lest at homo. No greater mistake can be made by English parents than to think that a North-Wostorn life may prove a corrective for tendencies to dissipation. The very opposite result flows naturally from the absence of social restraint. "Perfect devils to drink" was the description given by an Edmonton hotel keeper of two young Englishmen who happened to be with him at the moment, and with money to spend furnished by a now remittance. " Rnm-punch all the morning, then brandy and soda till 3 or 4, when they are paralyzed and have to sleep some hours, then whisky toddy till bed-time." And he offered to show them to us in hia bar room in any of these stages of inebriation. An extreme case, no doubt, but pathetic enough to think of. A good deal of the loafing around hotels and bar rooms in the North-Wes^. is done by young Englishmen, and the terra " remittance man " tends to become an expression of contempt. If these men must come out, let tho extra ladies of the family come to exercise their better influence over them. They will be as well employed as in slumming or parish work at home, and they will be giving what the North-West wants— something of England's best to leaven social life. One nerer meets in the West an Englishwoman who is not a centre of wholesome and refining influence. It would, indeed, be a boon to the country if the same were true of every son of an English gentleman who goes to it. There are numbers, of course, who, according to their lights, are trying to do their best. But public school life in England creates a very strong desire to mingle sport with work in after life, and often with the prominence, on tho whole, given to sport. Conditions in tho North-West will not at present admit of thus mingling employment. It is the persistent worker who succeeds there. The remittance which is intended to help too often tends to weaken. In the North-West Mounted Police young Englishmen have done well. The military discipline and the life on horseback in the open air draw out; their better qualities. So with ranching and with work on sheep and cattle stations in other parts of the Empire. What I have said applies chiefly to farming. 10 One has no compunction in pointing out instanooB of failure. It !• well that parents should he warned of what their children must confront when they go abroad, and it is equally right that any unsatisfactory form of emigration to the North-Wust should bo chocked. Perhaps, too, perfect frankness of discussion about the actual position of affairs may do some- thing to prevent otisconceptions and to rotuody iniRtakes. To another matter reference should bu made in this connexion. The system of paying largo preiniuma for the instruction of youths in farming or ranching is utterly discredited among practical men in Canada. Occa- sionally the plan may work well, but it is open to gravo abuses. Labour of all kinds has its cash value on Canadian farms. The best possible means by which a young man can test his suitability for the life and become competent is to hiro out as a labourer with a Canadian farmer for a year or two, depending entirely upon his wages for his 8upi)ort. If ho passes this test succossfully ho is fit for the life of the country. If the work proves too sovero, the experiment has not at least been an expensive one, and he can select some other outlet for his energies. At the end of his period of service the money that would have been paid in prcm'unis or thrown away in lightly-spent remittances will be suffi- cient to give him a good start in u sphere for which he has been prepared by hard but necessary experience. There is a good deal to be said in favour of gaining this elementary experience in the older communities of the Eastern Provinces before ho faces the rouf her life of the West. This must be determined by circumstances. Arrangements can often be made through friends or emigration ofHcos with substantial farmers to give em- ployment to young men, at first for their board and later for wages, which increase with their earning capacity. The latter point is easily settled justly by the employe holding himself free to find a better market for his labour if he can. Sending out young men with capital, but without experience and settled characters, is practically to invite the attentions of those who are always ready to plunder or lead astray the weak and unsophisticated. In addition to the settlers from the older provinces of the Dominion, and from England, Ireland, and Scotland, there are being formed at some points in the North-West a curious variety'of small colonies of difi'erent nationalities, mostly northern—Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Belgians, Bavarians, Alsatians, Icelanders, and many others. A small band of settlers comes at first under some special impulse, and gradually attiacts to itself recruits from the home centre. The numbers are eutlicient to give a degree of cohesion to these small communities and some vitality to the languages ' ^ley speal English-speaking populat A more complete intermixture with the prevailing would facilitate the work of assimilation. IT Chi the other hand, tho •mtfrant Rndahinaetf at one* kmong friendi, and •o do*s not feel eo keenly the change from the old to the neir land. It H diSlcult as yet to judge howfarthia method of settlement \rlll extend. It can in any caio only temporarily leni>then out the prooees of amnlgnmation. A new and highly interesting factor has lately appeared in the settle- ment of the North-Weit. The United States have become an impo^^ant re- cmiting gronn ' for immigrants. Tn the Eaetern IVovinoes I had hoard of • roorement northward from the Western States towards the Alberta and Baskatchowan districts. On inquiry at the land office at Winnipeg I wne shown long lists of receipts for first payments on lands in tho l^inca Albert districts nmde by farmers in Dakota, Nebraska, Washin^rton, and even as far south as Kansas. These men had already moved into the country, or wore jireparing to do so in the coming spring. At Calgary a more striking proof of the reality of the movement was thrust upon mo. In going northward to Edmonton I found myself spending a not very com- fortable, but highly interesting, day in a train packed with emigrants, men, women, and children, most of whom were removing from a single district in the State of Washington to tho banks of the Saskatchewan. I learned that tho northward trains from Calgary for some timo before had been crowded in a like way. In conversation witli the immigrants it was easy to discover the explanation of this new and unexpected movement of population. "Land is getting to be land on this continent," one of them romarkod to me in Western idiom. The rush into a newly-opened district, such as that which took place at Oklahoma a few years ago, illustrates the extent to which land hunger is already folt in the United States. Guided by an instinct almost like that which directed the buffalo to the fertile feeding grounds of the Suskatchowan, the tide of population which filled up the older Western States and flowed on to the less fertile regions of Dakota, or to the moun- tain districts with their limited farming lands, seems now to have taken a bend northward. If the expectations of its pioneers are fulfilled, it seems probable that this movement will become very considerable daring tho next few years. My latest information shows that it was kept up through the spring and summer of the year which has just ended. These immigrants are of a class which the North-West most of all wants. Many are Canadians returning after trying their fortunes in the United States. Most seemed to be bringing with them money, horses, cattle, and household equipment. Best of all, they bring skill in pioneering work and acquaintance with its conditions, in these points having an infinite superiority over the emigrant direct from Europe. It iras striking to observe the confidence and reliance upon their own reaour'-ei with «)uc)i thcno inoi), Accompaniocl l>y thoir wivoi and chililron, fut.>e«l itio task of finrn Alberta T found that a fi^roup of Morniona^H^n ofTiihoot from Salt Lake — bad {mrobaned to tho nouth nnd oatit of lioth- bridge more than riO(t,<)(K) ncrcH of land from tho Albi-rta Coal and Mining Company. About TOO Bottlers liavo already ontorod this country, and preparatioiiM are being made for n continued inf!\ix from Utah, where land has become scarce. Other immigrants nro freely accepted, as there \h not, C believe, any wish to form n distinct Mormon colony. Tho capitalists who have undertaken this cntcriiriBo oxpoot to repeat hero tho process of irrigation by wliich tho Salt Ijako Valley was chanfcd from a Bcmi-dosorl to a richly pioductivo country. It is propoBod to divert tho waters of the Bt. Mary's river through a canal wliich will make n largo area as well Buited for agricultural as it now is for pastoral purposes. Tho North-West is thus being approached from various points, and by many classes of immigraiitH. A great rush of population, such an marked the settlement of some of tlie Western States, is neither to bo expected nor desired. But cverythinf; now points to a steady and healthy growth, Bucii as is required for the fuller consolidation of tho Dominion. A study of Korth- Western Canada enables ono to understand the main conditions of the rivalry in production going on between the wJicat grower at iiomo and the wheat grower abroad. The North-Wostern farmer has first of all cheaj) land of his own, worked by machinery with singular ease, and with a store of natural fertility which is only exhausted ftftor many years of continuous cropping. If ho takes up a Government homestead his land costs him little more than the expense of survey. Even if he buys it from a railway or land company, it has not cost him in tho first year, when ready for seed, more per acre than the yearly rent of wheat land in England. His invested capital is therefore very smaM. This is his first and great advantaf^e. Against this must be put the fact that he is far from tho market which the English farmer has almost at hi9 door. It costs from 30c. to 40c. a bushel to cairy wheat from Winnipeg to Ijiverpool or London. While the wide, level stretches of prairie offer great facilities for tho use of labour-saving agricultural machinery, still for any extra labcur required there a hij^h price must be paid. Tho English farmer, on the other hand, has cheap capital and cheap labour, and he lives in a country where all manufactured goods are cheap. In direct taxes he pays more, in indirect less than the Cfttikdinn. The coiiteit ii inoto nicely balancod tliun in gtMiutully ani)* |)Oie(l. Agiiuultural .lupicasion in felt at iim«t in thu now land am well ai in thfl old. Siiporiur energy or nkill miiy inolin* the udvantago occ way or tho other, or thv cliMnro of the itaaon. A lower ing of reota may gire it to the Kiiglisliman ; ii lowering of duties to tlit« < anudiiin. The chpa[)oning of tmnHporlation 1m>11i by land and seu will have much to do with tho quottion in the fiittiro. When thu exhuuBtion of hin landt conipolB thu fnrmrr abroad to ubo firtili/ot h, tliobalnnco of advantage will Again 1)0 Hhiftcd. The nrua of iibiindnnt wheat {irodiiction Ims during tho Inst 4<) yoarH tnovt'd ateiidily wcBtward in America from Xow York State throngh Ohio, lowh, and Illinois to Ktiiipas ; then northward through Minnesota, Wisoonuin, and iJakotii to the Canudiun North-Went, and there the Kuropoan farmer will have h' last keen comjittition with :i rich virgin f.uil. Ah with wheat, 8o with cattle and horpc?. For tho leaso of hia broad imvliircd in tho gra/.ing cctmtry, thu ranchman p.iyn but n trilling Hum. During the whole summor his Rtoik feoda upon grass uf tho most nutritiuua kind, raised withotit any expense for fertilizers or cnlturo. During the greater part of the winter it feeds upon hay cured whore it stunda in the fiolda, without any expense for being cut. But the ranchman, again, ia distant from Iiis market, and the fatigues and rinks of long tran.<*portutiun for his cattle weigh heavily against him. Neither in wheat nor in cuttle has there boon much }>rofit during the past two Bcasons for tho man of the North-Wost. 1 doubt, however, whether agricultural depression or tho failure of crops ever presses so closely or severely upon the Canadian as upon tho English farmer. The latter has bis rent to pay whatever happens. The former reduces his expenses, and, owning hit land and having littlo demand upon him for ready cash, tides over a crisii more easily. LEADtN'C AUTIrLK KUoM TlJE TiMKS, JaMAUY 31, ISlM. Yesterday wo published tho first of a series of letters upon Canada, and to-day wo publish tho second, which comi lotes wl.at tho writer has to say about the JNorth-We.st us an agricultural territory. Though much has already been said and written upon this subject, much also hits been for- gotten, or has bocon.o obsolete t]uou;.h rapid changes of conditions. In any case, it cannot but Ih) of int* rest to various classes in this country to hear what aro the impressions of that great region carried away by a com- petent and perfectly indejjendent observer, who has seen tliiuga as they are at the moment. One of the absorbing preoccupations of tho middle classes in this country is to find careers for their sons, and the difliculty is not always '.mfelt in the case of daughters. Working men are, perhaps, too much enamoured of the new political economy, which teaches that cost of prodiiotioti {{OTArns prio«i, wliiU tnuln iiniont e%n Kor«rn cost i>t prorlito- tion, to b« v!ii|)oao(t to htiitow nitirh thoiigltt u|>i>n wmi^ratinii. Y*t it iiia«t hav* dawned upon ni»njr of thoni th»t, whnt«vnr truth th<«r« may l»« iu this tliMory, it in a truth fnr too remot* to he worth c»niidorin((, in vi«w of thu piKMent onrtiiinty that, if (innnnni rhonin to iindtuhid thitm in th« labour murktit, narnoaiiri will g*d •tnplovinnnt whiln thny Htand idle. To ■uch it flannot but l>a interniitinf; to lifirn tliitt conipfttcm-u, mul «v«n WAAlth, iH nt tho k'onimnnd of mnn Mtartiiifi without o»pitnl, itnd willing to go through u Mhort traininK on tho npot, for which tlinir diiily work will l>o takrn ns an ocjuivnlent. ('npitalitta who can nll'ord to wnit for returns caiuiot fiiil to |>«rcoivn tho immi'iiso fiituro that lien i>«foro inv«Htors in a cn\intry tliat is rnpidly flUing up with immigrAntH from nil parts of the world, a country, too, in which proporty and life aro an Hncun* as in nny KngliHli town or Tillng«. For those who tiiko liirgor vl«w« rind concorn tluMiisitlves with the wclM>«ing and eicj^.-msion of tho Ktiipiro hundod down to lis hy our fon-fiithers, the dovoloptnent of CnniidR opi^ns up (|uo.ilionii of tho di'OpeNt interest. Tho dostlny of tho Dondtiiou is by no moann no iniini- fost a.n in Homvtimofl nnsunitul. If Ciinadn is in contact fov tiiounnnds of miles with the United Statcn, Hhn in no Ihhb in contact or|ually real with Kurope on ono hand and Asia on the othor. For n lonp tirno to come hor principal nuirkots for agricultural produ>^e will bo reached Ity son. Tliat doos not prevent hoc from importing goods from tho iruitod Htate.s, but it doo"* pre- vent tho establishment with th«im of tho exclusive conuiiercial relutioiiA and symiiathies which somo would have us accept as inevitnl>lo. (Jreat i."sue!« aro trembling in a balance heavily weighted in cither scale, and it will largely depend upon the course of events in other parts of the Empire, in particular upon tho policy pursued vtduntarily or of necessity by the United Kingdom, whether tho beam nltimaleiy dips on one aide or tho othor. From the point of view of tho individual, tho North-Wost, as clearly appears from our Correspondent's account, is n land of personal effort. The man who can do a good day's work, and is willing to do it, finds himself in rorpiost from tho first. If his nniscloa aro supplemented by a modiouni of brains, ho has no difTicnlty in mastering the conditions of Buccossful cultivation. As 8(X)n as ho has done this ho can become tK« possessor of land in feo-simplo for loss than it wo\dd fetch tit a yearly rent in England. He needs very little capital, and for a pound an acre h« can break up tho virgin prairie and obtain a farrr\ yielding crops for many years in succession without signs of exhaustiDii. Our Correspondent cites cases of men beginning with nothing and going into partnership with farniers already established, who in five or six years are the possessurs of several thousands of pounds. Tho conditions are simple, but they must t II f II I I bt rlgoronily (ib»«rv«««l in the raco. Thia ii Worth noting in ronn duiitig Ihitiah farnxr it mny ne«>ni that there ii littlu comfort in the nows that men iro poaring in from the eniitom provinoua, from tho w«f tho New World. Tho shing competitK North-Weat ia the laat great expunnu of Tirgin land, nnd when that ia fairly filU'd up thoru wilt bo an end of wheat for nothing. Cropn will rui|uir« manure, careful hanhundry, and a uiodo of farming in many wayn more ox- ponnivo than tliat now in vogue. Tliu margin in favour of the Canndiati growei is not no very largo if everything be taken into account, and it ia OHay to Boe, as our ('orreMpondont pointn out, that circunietancea tend to reduce it. There ia however, nothing in all this to roduco the intrinaic prosperity of tho North-WuHt. At prHsent tho energies of the aettlura are mainly given to wheat growing. It in easy, it calls for lost labour and losd super- vision than mixed farming, and the produce is easily handled and trans- ported. Tho produce of mixed farming demands nearer markets, or far more elaborate appliances to put it upon distant onei. A.» iK>pulation grows all the demands of civilization will have to bo met un tha spot, and the energy now almost exclusively devoted to exportable produce will necessarily be largely diverted into other channels. That process would bo greafly hasten m1 by the immigration of women, for whom, we gather, there is, in Canada as in ^V ustralia, a very large field of usefulness. A woman who is not afraid of household work, nnd is not too ignorant and alovoiily to do it fairly well, has prol^ably at least as good a chance of rapid rise to comfort, if not wealth, as the most energetic man. Yet it ia jirobably only to women bred in the country that it is of any use to point out these possibilities, s'.ico to the town-bred ones the life seems repul- sive and even intolerable. For those of either sox who do not caro for Canada, yet seek some outlet, it is evident that tho old home of the Matnbelt has many advantages. Theso warriors seem to have an excellent eys for frrtilc soil J and the account of their '* old home " given by a Correspondent in our columns io-dajr miobt well tempt even a fastidious cultivator. 1 . rOPIEH of thin HMPRINT nm\ of PA^fPI^.Fr^^^ containing further infonuntion reiatiuK to MANITOUA, tlio NOUTIl-VVKST, and the other lUlOVlNCRS of CANADA, may Iw obtained from tho Hon. Sir ( 'hnrlos Tuppor, Bart., Illj^h ComniinHJonor for Canndn, 17, Victoria-utrcct, I^onthin, S.VV., or from any of tho following Cuaudian duvcrnuient AgcntM in the United Kingdom : — Mr. JOHN DYKE, 15, Wator-strout, Livorpool. Mr. THC)ftI.\8 CJllAIIAMK, 40, Ht. Enocli-squaro, Glasgow. Mr. W. STUART, Nuthy-lni.lno, Invornosi. Mr. r. FLEMING, 4i, H-gh-atroet, Duiuleu. Mr. EUNEST WOOD, 71), H.igloy-mad, IllrmiHgham. Mr. J. W. DOWN, Hath-lnidjre, Uriatoi. Mr. GJ:0UGE LEAUV, Ganlon-hou«J«, William-stroet, Kilkonnj. Samples of the A(;IIUCULTUUAri PIIODUCK of MANITOBA and the N0HTII-WK8T are ON VIEW in the Cunadiuu Section at tho Imperial Institute. '^11 . 4 WEEKLY EDITION, PRICE TWOPENCE, IS ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY 'MORNING. CONTAIN INU A i SUMMARY OF THE NEWS IN THE TIMES OF THE PUF.VIOUJ; SIX DAY^ And Printed in a Form Hiiitublc for Hinding afl an Annual Volume, or for PoHtal TrauHmisHion Abroad. FOR TIII<: VFAIIS 1H90, 1891, 1092, and 1R93, (AN BE OBTAINED ON APPLICATION TO THE PUBLISHER. PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE. BLACKFRIARS.