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Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE City of THREE RIVERS 'V^'4'ipfi AS A ' v\':7v..?^.:<5 SEA-PORT AND HEH N ET - WORK OF RAIL ■ ROA DS. ' '.-";■■ "^'n' .-; >;.•-' .-4- V i.^ 1 , -■ :(fv-?.- • GEORGES BALCER , ■ ■■ . i)- ■ CONSULAR AGENT FOR FRANCE, AND SPAIN VICE-CONSUL FOR SWEDEN AND NORWAY. . ' THEEE-RIVEBS, 1S80. Journal des rrois-RmirCi^Ptintiug Office. rr- >^W,a:« \ ■.7\;^-'^:, ■ /■:";,:'■■-■'■ it*-...; ,.;i' »^.; .; 'i^;: I! l'-:'~'^^\-^-. Hli ^•<:'v/' ' P THE LiTY OF /-f/ THREEHIVKRS A!S A SEA-PORT AM) HKH KET WORK OF RAIL HOADS. OEUHGKS BALCl^K CONSULAR AGENT FOR FRANCE, AND S'PAIN VICE-CONSUL FOR SWEDEN AND NORWAY THIIEE-RIVE^.S, 1880. Jourual (les Troh-llivihres, Printing OtH««. f, i,- it- L PIIEFACE. The history oi' many cities on this continent of America is IVequtMitly of a wonderful nature. Some rise, with a rai>idity unknown in any other «'ountry or in any other an-t', from a mere village into an emporium ; others are IVmndt'd in a spirit of greatness and do not deceive the hopes of their founders ; while others again, like still- horn children, never seethe light of the future for which they were conceived. A mere hazard often seems to guide the Croddess of Fortune, while well combined plans, better judgement and clearer foresight are generally the helping iments and the promoters of many destinies. Here in Canada, where growth never takes such a rai)id course, where everything matures in time and in season, the ])r ;gress of our (Communities is appearently slow, and in a very few instan-es only do we sua,r(^ the surpris;^ of a astonished observer. Still the history of many of our important centres are full of instruction, and, without dwelling too long on the enormous difficulties of the earlier period, many a tab' of continual hardship, constant struggles, indomita])le energy and disappointed hopes may be related with profit to the present and even to a future generation. The Province of Quebec, especially, is one of the oldest battle fields in the history of this continent, and very few hamlets can be found whi 'h do not share in the glories and the miseries of a past which is undeniably full of merit. It may be that some localities are stillrestingon their laurels and require earnest appeals for a resurrection ; but others have taken advantage of all circumstances which came within their rea?h. Quebec, the ancient and alorious «'Hl)]ta] ; Monlival. Ihr prid,- of Cnna.h,, Junv a.trartr,! aiul st.'adily lix.-d th,. aH.'Htioi, of lh.> world iqum tlwiv lam... Mild their pn'sent importance— historical or .onimi'r. ial— is cveryw^hcrc admitted. Three-J^ivers, which shaivd from the earliest period the lortnnes of her sister cities QuW.e.- and Mrs of the first .•ommercial company m C^uiada h.-r destiny seenn-d so briuht and so sure that i^o^v other pla.es ccmld dis]nite with her the .-laim to be first among- the .settlements of •' l.a Nouvelli> »ance " But relyino- too mu.-h on this prestiov, .tul the attention .,1 most .,1 h.'r . -tix.^ns dire.t.^d to adventurous . nt.^rprises to military exploits or to , ontinual vio-ihui. ... .nd tho rest intrench..d indignity or absorbed by more ui-. nt wants ■she gradually lost sio.ht of those means ol adyancement so absolut.-ly necessary in the struogh. {or .'xist.'nce in a new world,— and soon th.. rising stars of Qu.'b.v and Montreal threw gloommo- shadows oyer the futuiv of Three-Riyers And for y..a,rs .sh.> ivmained in almost a dormant .ondition iiwak.mmo- only from time to tim.> and puttino- forth a' sndd.m spurt of energy-hut relapsino- as soon into the fatal indolence of the past. But as rumor fayors her - althought without posi- tive prool-that at on*^ of her timber-yards the first steamer which .rossed the Atlantic, the - Ro,/a/ Williun, " was build -when history r.^cord8 that direct shipments to Europe were ethn^ted from her port long befor,^ any lar-e sea goino- vessel att.4npted to reach Montreal ;-wh.m the first" iroi" furnace m the country had been established and worked in her immediate vicinity,-then the respect of the .-ommer-ial world will. join in the faith of the historian and agive that 5 ill siuli ii commnuity lln-rr is still ;i uood flciin'iit for liiial su cess and pltMity oi' h()i)e lor a Ini^ht liitun'. As ( inuiiistanct's i>-,.ii,.ially alter casi's, so circumstaiict's well appli* d nuist alter the destinies ol' individuals, oi'citics and ol (ountries. ]Jurinji' the last twenty live years a marked improvement has oeciired in Three-Rivers ; a steady advanc v' ran be noted, and this jnogress was merely checked by the late t«Mrihi(^ commercial crisis whicL caused a dead-lock in the ( ommercial lile ol' the whoh' world. In spite oi'these hitter times, or rather durinii' their interval, events have taken i)lace which will alter' the nature of Three-Rivers to such ;in extent that it will be impossible to preA'ent her •(miinii' forward to the front rank amonu' (mr busine.ss centres. We undertake the task of relating in the following: pages the various changes through whic^h Three-Rivers has passed durinti' her existenc*', of dwelling upon her present condi- tion, of pointina" out and analysing the circumstanc«;s which recently have been brought into life, and whose inlluence and probable results we confidently submit to the consideration of the interested commercial communitv. r.^:; .ul^y j.s sitnated in 40" 22" iiorlh latitndo. iiiid 72^81 " wost ol' Given wifth. Her position, nejiT luke St. Peter, on the north shore ol' the river St. Lawr<»iu'e and at the month of the ]ar' river St. Manrice, has the])arti('nlar advanta^\' of 1) 'iiii»Mt the head ot the natural deei)water navii»'ation on th" St. Lawrence, find of eommandino- the vast territory of the St. Maurice whose sup-rhcies exeeds 200,000 square miles. Th«» population of Three-Iiivers a-n-ordino- to the last census amounts to 10,137— of which about 9,000 are Fren"h Canadians aiul the balance of British or foreiiiii descent. The early history of the place is rather interesting, and, although we have no i)articular reason to dwell here on purely historical considerations, yet her existence is so closely identified with the general history of th- Country, that a short synopsis — sufficient at the same time to givi' an idea of the ti'rrible hardships with whi'h werv associated the birth of the nation— may not be altogether out of pla''(\ HISTORICAL SKETCH l')84- !.■)!)!) It was ill the bt'u'iiniini>- of the Kith - in the interest of Knu'iand, and another Italian, Criovani Verazoni, in the service of France, exi)lored the coast of Nc-^^h America in the hope of Hn,din;u' a shorter route to tht iast. Afttn- many fruitless attempts, commi'n«'in<>" from the Crulf of Louisiana to the rocky coast of Labrador, the first named power, relying" on the reports of her of his Griand Admiral C'habot, decided to renew the attempt, and. ill the year 1584, commissioned two vessels under the com- mand of Jacques Cartier, a daring navigator of St. Malo, V^ ith orders to resume the researches commenced by Vera- zoni. And with his two small crafts and 120 followers this intrepid explorer sailed, g!i the 20th April 1584, from his native place on his perilous mission. Gruided by an advanturous spirit the small tleet soon crossed the Atlantic eventless and in perfect safety. And almost immediately, as if let by a lucky star, Cartier dis- covered that Newfoundland was not a part of the main continent, as had hitherto been generally supposed : — on a bright summer morning the straits of (^inso oixMied silent m ! 1 ll jicl unobstructtMl bcjoiv the nstoiiisht'd sailovN. And fso. ^^ i'uU of anxious but hopi't'ul oxix'ctntioii. they sailod throuu'h ^ this tVicudly u'atc and had the honor of beinu' the first to ^ enter the waters ot the (lulf Sailinu' under the northern , "^ coast of Nova Heotia the (iroup of islands, known now as the Mai2'(hden Islands. Were soon siu'hted, and on the 24th .fuly 1584 the fortunate discoverers anchored in view of the main laud. At this i)oint, now Cape (laspe, Cartier and his followers landed the same day. After havinn' returned tha n ks to Heaven with joyfull hearts, they erected a cross bearinu' the coat of arms with th(^ Flenvs Ic Lys and an inscription, thus formally takina' possession of CVuiada in the name of Fran- cois I and under the title of '• La Nouvelle France- '* S!o the most Maniruine hopes of Chabot and Cartier were already partly realised — ^a new country had been discovered and anothin' territory added to the crown of Franee. From (laspe the expedition sailed cautiously alonu- th<' northern coast as far up the river as TadoUsac. Keturning' home at the end of the same year (dirtier submitted to the King' the result of his eventful cruisL', and* being armed with g'reater powers and better equipped, he sailed again in the following' season for his new possess- ions. This time his fleet coiisisted of three vessels, manned by hardy si>amen and by quite a number of young' nobl'- men. Cartier weig'hed anchor from St, Malo on the 17th May 1535, his vessel, the " (^-ridide Hermine " of 120 tons, taking the lead. In this his second A'oyag'e he completed the discovery of the (xulf and on the 5th September, St. Lauren - tius'day, entered the river, giving to this noble Stream the name of that Saint according to the custorai of the time. Continuing his course up the river, and admiring the beau- tiful aiul wild scenery of the Laurentides, he passed the Island of Orleans and moored his little fleet in the St. C'harle-^ riv(»r nmir Stadacona — the future Quebec. But anxious to advan(-\i still westward Cartier, after only a few" so, I lib Til as kh h»> lis ks Ic :1S 1- .1 i 9 days r<'st. procccdod up the river in the " Emerillon, " the smallest oi' his vessels, a, «>'alleini oi' alioiit 40 tons carryino: t\V() small boats and iVbont 50 men, and reached the Indian vilhi<>'e oi' Hoihehm'a — the present site of Montreal. Here the advance up the main river necessarily ended. Two "freat object seemed to ffuide C^artier : the dis- covery of a practicable hiji'hway to the east, and the estab- lishment of i>ermanent posts to facilitate trade with the Indians and their conver.sion to Christianity. In furthe)-- ance of these' views he entered iuto communication with the various tribes he met, contracted several treaties with prominent chiefs and alsoCarei'ully explored the interior of the country. In one of his first expeditions he discovered the St. Maurice river, called by the Indians " Metaberoutin " or the stream formed of three rivers — and, on the 7th Octo- ber" loSf). the coal of arms of the descciident of Saint Louis and a <-ross (the third planted on Canadian soil) were erected on one of the small inlands at the mouth of this river — showino- proudly to^ the astonished natiA'es the symbol of the power of distant France. .p, ; But here ako a series of difficulties <'ommenced. ) Misled by the Indians who, in their exaggerated lang- uage made him believe in the existence of a vast and im- mensely rich territory in the direction of the setting sun, he at once made an attem])t to ascend the St. Maurice, hoping at the same time to find a less difficult passage and a hnal outlet to the eagerly desired routt» to the East. But in vain. The boats crews of hardy tixplorers wn^e compelled to return ; the numerous rapids, following in continous succession, and the formidable cataracts, Invaded by the imposing Falls oi Shawinegan, forced them but too soon to abandon the scheme as impossible. After several irnitless attempts in other directions Cartier besfaii to realise the fact that he was surrounded bv 10 1 1 tin imiiieiise country, studdt'd with iinmnierahjc lakes and! almost unending .streams — that he was in reality in the very centre of a continent far more ditiicult to penetrate than to cross the roaring waves of the miii'hty Ocean. And a feelini*' of disappointement came over this brave heart ; doubts took possession of his mind, the future of his under- taking seemed to be sealed more and more in mystery. He felt deeply the pains and the hardships of his followers and all the diificulties with which nature seemed to combat him ; and worst of all, he foreshadowed the merciless sar- casm of an unfeeling and ignorant crow(\ and the terrible oi)position he would have to overcome in higher quarters. Burdened with such thoug'hts he passed the winter near Quebec, and leaving a detat^hment there and another at Tadousac, he went to France in 1536 and returned only in ^541. The fears of Cartier Were only too soon realised. In spite of the importance of the newly acquired and immense territory, very little was done for Canada. There being no immediate tangible results, who was the man sufficiently far seeing to foretel the future ? — Where was the courtier who, in one of the most frivolous -aes of his header, neo'h'cted the wise measuri's introduced by his predet-essor ; and it was h'ft to the gvnius of ('ol])ert to redeem ai»'ain for the colonies, the rig-ht of a serious consideration. And the memory of this glorious oni in French history recalls, even to the present geiU'ration, tln^ gratitude of the Canadians for the indomitable energy and the in'ofound soli itude with which their interests were then furtlii(ed the reign of Louis XIY to the pinnaide of glory, prepared and led to a general weakening of the state. And before the mortal remains of this ruler were so unceremoniously hurried to the crypt of St. Denis, the un- wise ambition of this " Gruuil Roij " had sealed the doom of the monarchy, and with it, the destinies of the colonies. The Kegent was certainly not the man to save such a perilous situation, and the sad reign of Louis XY could only hasten the comtlusion. And to say if only a few years m'^re of that generous and rational policy of Colbert had been allowed — if a few more of such enlightened men as de Tracy, Talon or de Callieres had been at the head of our administration — -the disasters which befel this our colony during the last century would most likely have been avoided, the result, — we may assume, — would at least have bt?en different. r :...• *■■ ;> 13 II 1")99- 1737 > . - jt Tho last year ol' the 16th century is the lir.st in which, •commercially '.spt'uking, any notice oi'c nseqiience was taken of the t'ity or Three-Rivers. • . , ^ , », , > ^ -. In th(> year loOiUle Pontgrave of St. Malo and Pierre (Miauvin of Rouen, merchants and naVii>-ators, sailed from llonlleur, under th.' direct patronai^e of Kins>' Henri IV to establish permanent posts and a regular trade in C'a- inula. Afler visiting several places they stopped at the mouth of the St. Maurice, and Pontgrave, having been here before and knowing that at certain seasons of the year large iratherintcs of Indians were held at this point, strongly urged the establishment of a permanent settlement in this locality. But Chauvin, t-onsidering the great exposure of the place, decided in favor of Tadousac, and so the latter — now a very small village and summer resort — had the honor of becom- in"" the iirst rei»:ular commercial station in Canada. We hear nothing more about Three-Rivers until the year 1603 when Sieur de Champlain, representing the Vice- roy of La Nouvelle France, accompanied by the same Pontgrave, who was in reality the promoter if not the actual founder of our city, after having erected a fort at Quebec, came to examine the suitability of Three- Rivers as a military as wadl as a tmding post. This time Pontgrave's views in favor of the locality prevailed, and thiv result was that a small body of oihcials, employed by the " Company of the Hundred Partners, "—then holc'ing the monopoly of the fur trade and all other business in Canada, established themselves on the spot known as the PUitemi-^ now the centre of the City. 14 As early as 1615 rci^iilar ivl;g-iouK servi, undertook an expedition against their 'iiutual foe. Although considered a WMse measure at the time. Luis artion on the part of ( 'hamplain proved really disas- trous. From this simple de<'ision long continued hostilities ensued, a series of serious obstacles to the developemeirt of French inliueiK e in North America was created, and the slow and dillicult progress made by the struggling colony for many years afterwards must mainly be attributed to this cause. In thus openly taking part w^ith their here- ditary foes, the vengence of the " Five Nations," whichin course of time became such a powerful combination, was aroused against the FVench. and this enmity was never ap- jieased. Champlain arrived at Three-Kivers on the 1st July 1609, followed by a great many canoes of Algonquins and Hurons, and w^aited the arrival of his Montagnais contingent before opening the cam])aign against the Iroquois, which was waged out of our district. In 1(518 these same allies, for whom France sacrificed so much, reduced the rising colony almost to the verge of ruin. Out of a petty quarrel which occured at Quebec, and in which tw^o whites were killed by the Montagnais, a conspiracy followed which was entered into by the Indians of the different tribes. Their object w^as nothing less than the destruction of the entire colony. Flight hundred w^arriors of these tribes assembled at Three-Rivers and planned to massacre all the Europeans at that post ; if this succeeded a determined attack on Quebec was to follow id the entire white population w^as to be massacred. Fortunatly the plot U'us discovered in time by the Ktv. Mr. I)u])lessis, who snc- c-eeded after eiidrriiiu' inaiiy trials and pr'valioiis. in alHv t- iiisf a leconciliation. • • Soon after this t'veiit the quarrel vith the Tro{|uois as- Humed a more serious eharaeter. l>nt the result this time was that the alliance between the Tlurons, Alu()iu[uins a.id the Mortaa'uais with the French xVas consolidated ; — an alliance which, throuii'h shear necessity more than from real affection, was for ever (>sta1)lisln'd. At this jnnctur*' the Al«>-onquins tried hanl to induce ('hanii)lain to resume a more active part in the n'cneral hostilities, but. beinii' aware of the serious consequences of any action with the Indians, their eftbrts remained without effect. In 1624, throug-h the untiring- exertions and salutary inlluence of the missionaries, peace was at last established between the French and the friendly Indians on one side, and the Iroquois and their allies on the other. A lar«>'e number of Indians, comprising 60 canoes of Hurons, 18 of Algonquins and 25 of Iroquois, came down the St. Law- rance in (Company to the general assembly at Three-Rivers, where the treaty of peace was to be solemly ratified in pre- sence of Champlain. Larger flotillas of warriors soon fol- lowed from other quarters, and neA'er was seen in (Vinada such a large gathering of Indians from the various nations and tribes. The fires of the Glreat Council were lighted after preparations of the most imposing description, and the assembly opened with the usual ceremonies. After many conferences and lengthy debates a general peace was pro- claimed and finally concluded But treaties in those days as well as in our own times, were made only to be broken again The fickle and barbarous Iroquois soon found an opportunity to recommence hostilities, and their enemies were not slow to share the responsibility. At this period the Iroquois traded with the Dutch n tolonistts on ihc Hudson, as well ns with the Eiialish of Ncw-llliiiilaiKl. The \va'"s oi' th«' 17th ceiitnry. so ottcn ii'vivt'd hctvvci'ii France, IloHand and l^^njrland, transplant- ed to lis continent the aniniof.ities Ivoni the other side of theocv n. The iViendshij) olthe neiirhhourinii" colonists beiuff from the very heiiinninu- of a ])recaTiouH nature, such a tenacious animosity may he easily explained. Thus we always see the «'oloni>jts taking- up the quarrels, and on each occasion a far more bitter warfare was carried on aiyainst each other in North America, then did their res- pective nations in Euroi)e. With obstinatious hatred all the Indian tribes of the " Five nations," until then only secretly HU])plied with lire arms and ammunition by the Dutch and Ermlish, hailed with areat joy every declaration of war. They seconded the plans of the enemies of the French, and f-upported by such power- ful allies, hostilities presented from that time a most fear- ful character. This horrible calamity weii>-hed upon Cana- da with almost ruinous effect. It is unnecessary for us to dwell upon the details of this sad period ; we can easily iis ; th*'«'stal)- liKhiiU'iit ol' a kind ol' (roveriimcnt, — lav I'roin hciny* iH»r- h'ct \v«' liTaiit — had lor cU'ect to partly alleviate tho just claims of th»' rolonists, and to raise th«' couraiic ol' the p(»o])l«. UndtT th«' inllu«'ii(i' and cntM'uy ol dc Tracy's administration a new era ol" prosp«'rity dawned on the colony. By Mr. di; Frontcnac's cxcmi)lary chastisement ol the Iroquois, a peace ol'eiuhteen y«'arso]icy which lavored and })uilt ii]) the Knii'lish colonies — liberal institU" tions and innuijifration oi; a extensive scale—wer*' complete- ly denied Canada. The inci'ssant a])pli«.ation of the absolute authointy of the kini>' ; the jealousy i)revailin«i' anionp- the menil)ers of the sov«'reiiiii council ; the cui)idity and prodi' Uality of Kome of the Intendants' — accomi)lished the rest. — When the last and terrible conlli' and defeiulinji" ibrceSi thi' utter neglect and inditfereUce of the ( ourt of VerKaillen upon such a vital tpiestion to the nation ; to be or not to bi' a colonial power- — all this lelt not a par- ticle of doubt a.s to the fiiuii re.sult. And during- four years of despairinii" expectations — with(mt almost any succour from France — Montcalm and Vaudreuil at the head of a handfull of Braves, endured untold of mi.series in sustaining' the final struggle. Their heroic endeavour, their vic- tories even which exhausted their last resources, — all and every sacrifice should be — aiul were alas I in vain ! ! ! After such constant reverses of fortune, with w^hichthc early his+ory of Canada is so profusely .strewn, w^hat im- portant progress can be expected from an isolated setth- ment ? Three-Rivers had been establiished chiefly with the view of concentrating and fostering' th" widely extended fur trade. She was also intended to serve as a barrier against incursions of the Indians, and as an outpost, or ad- vanced guard, to ensure the safety of Quebec where, for the time beinu', the entire fortune of the colonv Was centred. 20 IIn(l«'r «()Vt'r ^A' ln-i* huttfrioM thf ht-ml fattory of th<» coinpaiiy louiid ami)!*' H«'Uiity, and tliiH protection also s«nvd to j-nromau't' the sctth'r who «ultivatt'(l this contiiu'iit, Irom th»i (in'iit Lakt's to the (riilt'of \I«ai<'o, Iroin the Athmtic to the I'a'iUc, can nearly' all trace their (n'iL?in to th»^ early settlers oi' Three- Ui vers. And not only did these adventurous men penetrate the wilds of the unhroken Ibrest, actinu,' as j^'uides to the pioneers and as settlers of the Crreat West and th«' alley of the Mississipi, hut we also Hud them ready to share the danirers ot" war and rally to protect th<' new homt^ of their lathers. We miufht instamv the case of Francois Ilertel who, with his three sons and about llity followers aided by a few Indians, Imldly atta<'ked in 1690, the laro-e r]ni>"lish settlement of N«'W Hampshire, and for months mainlained his supremacy in the field. • liut in course of time, this adventurous disposition cherished by the people proved very injurious to the we - fare of Three-Uivers and the colony at large. It had th" effiH-t of dispersing the scanty population all over the conti- nent, and withdrawing them from the more desirable d\ '/>«'>^ji.^ ^^fi:; ■ i' '**/ 22 III .'-.■. r.>;l,/ 1737-1825 fi. : ' The iirst discovery of iron ore in Caiurda may be clearly traced to the year 1667. Althoui»h the Jesuit Fathers had been aware, for a long- time, of the existence of mineral wealth at several points and particularly in their Heigneury of the Cap de la Magdeleine, no attempt had hitherto b(^en made to prosecute this new source of prosperity. In the year above mentioned, we find Colbert strongly advising" the Viceroy and (rovernors of Canada tp exi)lore diligently for iron and other productive mines, so that such fact being, known in France, they might serve as an inducement, and stimulate immigration to the < olony. In the year 1668. under the sagacious direction of Monsieur de Talon, the iron mines near Three-Kivers verc visited by a sieur La Potardiere who, on his return to Quebec reported — strange to say — unfavorably as to the quality and quantity of the ore. NotMnthstanding this unfavorable opinion interest in these mines was not lost sight of. In 1672 the Viceroy, comte de Frontenac, personally inspected the different places in our vicinity, and in his notes to he Imperial g'overnment <^he various mines were laid down as being of very great value. In 1681 and 1686 the Marquis de Benouville also reported to the same effect. Still, very few practical steps were taken until 1787, when a company was formed tn work these mines, which obtained a large grant of land and the site of the 8t. Mauri<'e Forffes, situated about eiffht miles north of the city. But having exhausted their capital in erect- ing furnaces, smelting houses, workshops and other build- ings, they were compelled in 1740 to return their charter to the Governor of Three-Ei\ers. From this moment the imperial Grovernment of France undertook the works and carried them on very successfully, as appears by aii offi'ial do^u- 23 iin'iit dated 1752, in which year Monseigneur Franquet, then ( olonial Inspector, visited the Forffes. During the . whoh* of the official administration hirge additions and im- provements continued to be made ; from 250 to 300 peojde were usually employed. Some of the buildings still remain, and we have only to look upon these monuments of a bygone period, to be convinced of their great extent and impor- tance. Under the constant supervision of experienced direc- tors skilled M'orkmen were brought out from France, and the manufactured articles of the St. Maurice forges be to the end of the French domination salt and potash, masts and tim- ber, tiax and hem}>, coarser urains and hsh, were exported in French Canadian vessels to the mother country and the AVest Indies. Apart from the products of the mines and the fur trade, of which Three-Rivers continued to be one of the chief centres, our citv cannot boast of contributinu" a verv laro-e proportion of the trade of the colony. Still she furnished her quota in the shape of potash nnd timber, which found their way to several forei^'ii markets. ■ $>. After the treaty of Paris, when Canada became irrevo- cably an Eng-lish dependency, a large and serious emigra- tion took place from all parts of the colony. Many of the the best and wealtiest families returned to France, and most ol those remaining- in the country isolated themselves so completely that, for a long time, even ordinary social inter- course wath the new rulers was totally suspended. As a consequence of this state of a flairs w^e see quite a new element, for a considerable time, at the head of all commercial enter- prises. England, guided by the selfish and unscrupulus principles then in vogue in all North American Colonies, forced upon the conquered Province her commercial policy and all its consequences. In protecting exclusively her own industries, she estranged the French Canadians entire- 2') ly from thoir old market, and forced the menhaiit upon a new one, which could not be otherwise than absolutely unknown to him. To (Ireat Britain were sent all our exports, and English manufa<'tured goods were the only iroods allowed to be imported. We there- fore see in Three-Kivers from this time, up to about 8(1 or 40 years ago, the entire wholesale importing and shipping- trade, solely in the hands of English traders. Through them a vast amount of merchandise was distributed troughout the adjoining distri»'t, and from our port, in which w^ere cr)lle('ted a great many articles of export, direct shipments continued to be made." '' >r' " ■ * . .- < -r^rr .: ' From the very beirinninu' of this new era we see our trade chieliy in the hands of the family of a most enter- prising man, Aron Hart Esq. This man, and after him his sons, monopolized up to the last generation the entire traffic of the vast extent of 'ountry known then as the Grovern- ment of Three-Rivers, larger by far then many kingdoms of olden times. For the reason above stated this field was so to say un<'ontested, by French-C^uiadians totally abandoned, and offered to a shrewd business man all the advantages that could be desired. To some member of this family, in company with associates from Quebec, is attributed the building at one of our ship-yards, of the FIRST STEAMER^ which crossed the Atlantic—" THE ROYAL WILLIAM. " — Although generally admitted, positive proof of this assertion cannot be satisfactorily furnished. Still the rumor is worth while to be related, and we have all reason to be proud of even this supposed honor. At anv ratf , an extensive correspondance was carried on for a long time, betwe«^n Aron and Moses Hart of Three-Rivers and Robert Fulton of New- York, as appears from records now existaut in this city. And one of the first steamboats on the river — if not the first — (for Montreal also claims thv^ honor to have introduced it in 1809) was build by him and run between M ^^K'Ih'c jmd Moiitmil. Not very long ao-o, old .itizeiis could well iciiiciiiJM.r th.' tiiiu^ when this new kind of craft left our wharls, ajwl when, on arrivinj-' at the foot of the cur- rent near Montreal, a teem of oxen was obliged to tow her up into the harbor. , , That ship building vvas a regular industry ol «nir i)ort, is an old and uncontested fact ; quite a large num- ber of vessels for river and ocean tratlic were build in our yards. - . < . . . , : , „ . , ■(••i Here we nuiy close the investigation of the past, and dwell with nune interest and <'ertainty on the doings of the present generation. *... , ' •J, :!>■■ ;.:.! / Is' '■'••'■ * ji i ■ -■:■- - ) i! 1 j- . '' '.' ■",'■■ ' : ' :• I : M ! ( , Ml' , i , ' t '-'v , i<-«M- ■- ■-Ul(Ai.i_',£ii4 jj;. ^'If'il 1." 4..'l.l_ t. ^'••li .1 :- J *"M. iUU; '»t^ » - V '.^'' '\ U '< J.- jj '«» ! wJC ■•' ',. h- f ... j>-. -.1- 'f* . ' :t".::': »!• »J'< .) , ,' f,' til ; • i»* UiuU'r thr t'onnor period of the political division oiC.i* iiadu prior to ('on federation, the important publir vvorksand improvements in the respective Provinces, of which we are so ju'stlv proud. Were introduced and partly executed. The people of LovVer-C^inada, (Province of i^uehe**) aware of the immense advantaiivs of our geosjra}>hical situation, natural Wealth and i>'rowin«»' population, and stimulated }>y the rapid progress of Upper-Canada, became aliVe to the importance of the r;ipidly increasing* resources of the pro- vince, commenced he series of works which speadily ertected a material change in the prosperity of our country. In the front rank of our resoun^es we must place the enormous extend of our forests, 'Which not only will enable Us to furnish for many years to come, foreign niarkets with our timber, but which will also prepare, for futur«' genera- ^ tions, an unlimited space 'or new homes and new <'ities. Our mineral deposits come next. Then our i)resent posi- tion as a nation, and Hnally the gvog'raphical situation with those incomparable Water routes, which need no furthei* eu- logies, nor detailed explanations. We are already able aiul prepared to carry to the extremities of the (llobe. not only the products ofouK sdil and our INDtJSTKliis, l)ut we are able and ready to forward under the most favorable condi- tion those of the western provinces of our Dominion, as well as a part of the adjoiningr states of the American Kepubli<-. We have already stated that the position of Three-Ri- vers at the head of the natural deepwater nav gation of the vSt. Lawrence, and at the mouth of the I'iver St. Maurice, jnfive her a particularly favorable advantagv. In support of this statement We haVe onlv to take a view ol'thc rlookiiiii' both rivers, and \vh rannot be 5U'<'Us- ed of exaffjjvration, when we predict that, in the near tnture, quite a serious attention will be drawn to such a situation — not only by interested parties — but by the commercial community at lar«^e. In this our »^ra of cheap and rapid transport, in which the concentration of power, speed and space, is becoming* an absolute necessity and so to say the main element of success, the time will soon arrive when the draft of water of sea going" vessels will no longer be from 20 to 22 feet, but when it has to be increased in proportion to the required carying capacity, which already produced vesssels of 4 and oOOO tons, with draft of water from 25 and 28 feet and even more, (hice these changes in ocean vessels becoming introduced, the practicability of the water routs will have to be considered first. And where artifi<-ial means must be employed to render them suitable, quite a serious problem will have to be solved, which will not less seriously o ,,< . . :,»t ., ,,,', In view of the ibreiioina: we need not dwell upon the im])ortance this branch of commerce occupies in our district. It not only holds the first place, and is far ahead of any other industry, but it actually absorbs the chief attention (perhaps too much so) of our population. To it we are solely indebted for the present shi])pin ..•. To o'ive an idea of the direct shipments, we will take the customs return of the trade of the last six years, viz from 18*74 to 18*79 inclusive. We would have preferred to give a summary of at least ten years and even more, as dur- iiij^ the last, and in the beginning of the present decade, a far more healthy trade existed in our staple. Unfortunately prior to 18*74 we cannot rely on the information to be ob- tained from our <'Ustomhouse returns. We beg therefor to take this fact into consideration, as from about that period 82 the Ititc nn]>iv( ('«)tti(iiii n'tiiriiNis simply this : It is only diiiin«f the last lour un«l live years that re- gular Consular Auents lor loreiiiii Powers have been esta- blished in Three-Hivers. and l)erore that time all foreign ves- sels wev oh/i^'ff/ to clear at (^uebt'c, where the ( ustomhouse papers were also made out and the cariio reported as belong-- iiig- to that port. Then apiin, il' the master of any vessel wishes to clear at the last named place, he has yet the op- tion of doing" so. Previous to 1S7;> aJI cargoes of vessels thus shipped at Three-Kivers and clearing for sea at Quebec, were entered in the books of the customhouse here nn'rely under the heading of ' Lumber " ; never Hgured w ith any specification, nor as leaving for a foreign port, 80 we ao tually have been furnishing a ( onsiderable augmentation to the value of exports from neighboring places. A trade w^hich justly belonged to our port, was never fully known to in- terested outsiders, nor taken notice of in official quarters. And all this to the great prejudice of our legitimate com- mercial infiuence. , , , To prove our aifirmation we will take the offi<'ial — " Tables of the Trade and navigation of the Dominion for " 1875. "—It contains 24 vessels with 18, 482 tons as enter- ed outwards from our por^ whereas the {Swedish and Nor- wegian vessels alone nr ..jered 26, registering 16, 408 tons, and the total number of vessels loading in that year in Three-Rivers amounted to 57. And this system is partly followed up even to the present day. To return to our direct export of lumber by sea to for- eign ports and to the United States, we submit the follow- ing statistics from our customhouse and our consular re- turns. "'T, 88 ^ >^ •§ IS c2: S '"^ c c e c C M — is 1- c^ M :• T 'J T ~ T I- "t ?■! C O- i« n M t- co"« rl< 00 on N — ' e^i "* M •o f-» © O C c c c .= £'=■''='-' '-< •* 05 TJ ■* o "*.c^ 00 e^ a: i~ o c c c © o o » = © © o *_ 05 {ft CD CO CI © Ift CO Oi CO^C-1 *- ■* O OS lO M ■^ (M lO '^ T»- lO 0> (M m' ©" Co" (M~ M M t— — . ^ O O c © © c CD cv; M «>J M -t cc_ in^ ss CO IN c. 1- 1:- So 00 00 « X 00 o ^ (iltAXl) TOTAF. OK OIKKCT l-lxi'OHTS l)rin.N(S TIIK F-AST . : .. , . - SIX YICAFJS : , '.'iiu' and Si)rii«-«'(Wls and (leiil Knds, \u'r{ W. M :tl,H;!!i,:>:i(l I" " hourds and planks *' ;U,2Jt:i,:il() ; I** •" p)(lin!i-s^^srantlinii:s " l,^o/i,HH() Ttdogra])h poli'H (ccdai) " 22-iJ)'24 Staws (white oak) j)hMVS ; lAHjOoM Total value ol' the dir«'rt exjiorfs !$l,r)2>7,OHT. ^ ; „ ' In adding' to the above statenn'nt ol' dived exports the larire (juantity ol' sawn lunibei- shij)iH«d indii«'etly ; the (|uantity disposed ol" lor honn> <*onsuniption, lor I'lir- nilure and other maiuit'actories of wood g'oods, Ibv ship lining' in urain c^arryiiiL"* vessels, for eatth^ stalls on or*'an ste.iniers, touether with the sawloji's rafted on our rivers and sawn at other milk in the (^u«'hee distriet, we may fairly realise a g'ood idea' of the vala«' and extent of the luni- lur operations in our district. And here w«' may remark that nearly the entire quantity uiven in the foreiii'n state- ments of exports by wni and to the United-States, was pro- duired by three mills, and even a coaisiderable amount of lumber manufactured at these three establishments is an- nually sent to Quebec, by river craft, for transhipnn^iit per sea going vessels. So much so, that during the y«'ar 187H, netwly all the deals saw^n at Messrs. Baptist & Co's mills were thus forwarded to Quebec. ? This fact, taken iai connection with the prevailinji' <;om- mer<'ial crisis and the repeal of the lleciprocity Treaty with the United States, at'counts for the great decrease in the number of our arrivals from sea, and for the almost total suspension, for some years, of our lumber transartions with the United Staites. In order to u'ive an idea ot the productive power of the saw mills in our district we submit the following Hgiwes : 9A StaTK.MKN'I' SKKW IN(i SAV\IN(i CArAdT^ OK'llIK I'lnNCIl'Al, • iMlMiS IN 'I'MK TW1,'KK-Kn KHS DISTIMCT. . .» Itirrr. Projh'nhtr. Ainiiirl ^ir (itiiui I'eel J li u u u 11 u (( u i(. Sit'. AiiiU' V H. (iiaiulhois H Million 1-2 ;{ ' •2(1 ' • •2(1 :{ 8 12 \) • in ..>.• 10 : , H ;{ H Li M I! itiscaii I'ricc Hi'os N. do (t do JjiiiK s Slioi'lis u SI. M.iiii-icc. ( (Id (li. G. B-iplisI Sou {k Co Alf.x ha|)tist Iloss Hilcliic i'k Co It u do N a MiisJ\iiioii() uiiUioi feel ... . Of tho above quantity about two third.s and one third. repreKent the proportions of pine and .spruce lumber respect- ively. A small ({uantity of hemlock lumber, and some ash and basswood, is usually sawn at some of the smaller mills. . . ^ HPOOL FACTORIES, ' ' In connection with the lumber trade of our district, new branches of industry are being developed. We have now established in and near the (dty three mills for the manu- facture of silk and thread spools, made from the wood known as white birch or houlenu, which is best adapted for spools, and of whi<;h we have a considerable quantity in our forests. These spools are either exported to the thread miiiuii'iictnrt'rs of (livni Hritain or used in ('niuulji at iho thivad winding: t'stablishmont oi' \I«^ssrs. 'viinlviii, Hc^-ittit' & Co in Montreal. Some of the honl(utii, sawn intodifierent dimensions, is exported to the United States. Messrs John Skroder & Co. shipped from their spool factory in Three- Rivers, durina" the last two years, HOO cases and sacks of spools, valued at over |iir),(|O0, to the Paisley thread factor- ies in Si'otland. These irentlemen have received enquiries from derma" y lor their spools, and expect to open .v trade with the (lerman thread manulacturers durinu' the i)re- sent season. ST. MATTRIOE MANUFACTURING WORKS. . Messrs. Wilson Paterson & Co. of Montreal have estab- lished a factory lor the produc^tion oi' curtain rods, broom handles, pick handles and handles for various agricultural and other implements. Quite a quantity of these i^-oods have been exported by them to l!]ni»land, and the continent, and even some to Australia, but the greater portion is rc(|uired for home consumption. DRESSED lAT.VlHER. Messrs Ross Ritchie & Co. annually piepare a consider- able quantity of dressed lumber, in the shape of planed, tongued and grooved pine and spruce boards and planks, which they export to Australia, Cape of Good Mope, New- foundand and South America. Messrs. Ct. IJaptist Son iSc Co. have also in the city a very complete establishment for prtq)aring lumber, well supplied with the best description of wood w^orking machinery, from which all wood work required for house building etc., is produced in large quan- tities and prepared by experienced workmen. .-■ J:.-"'. i-:-bi ■.---... u„i- -^.. BOX FACTORY. ...-.^ .-..-<.-' -\ - ' ■ It is contemplated to establish a box factory in the city, during the present season, i'or the manufacture of pa«;king 37 Koxt's and cases on an cxtonsive scale. A very large , . A match fa«tory on an extensive scale, has been in oper- ation for several years in the village of Ste. Anne, near the city. ■-.^- r. ,,,,., FURNITURE FACTORY. ' -r , j A lariife and well conducted establishment for the ma- nufacture of house furniture was established, seve 1 y«*ars ago, in the city by Messrs. liergtu-on & Gelinas. Furniture of every description, from the most expen- sive black walnut sideboard and bureau to the cheapest kitchen chair, is manufactured at this establishment. SQUARE BIRCH AND ASH. ^ >< <<: During the present season, a large quantity of square l)ivch and some ash timber has been made in our vicinity for export to Europe. The building of new branches of railway will no doubt still fr^-ther increase our trade in these descriptions of timber, as we will be enabled to bring out such timber from remote districts with much greater fa way is the differ- ence in freight to England between the Baltic and the St. Lawrence ; if this can be obviated a very large business in these articles of lumber will certainly be the result. SHIP BUILDING TIMBER. Our district can .supply an almost unlimited quantity of superior ship building timber, suc^h as Tamarac of excel- lent quality, futtocks or knees etc. Already some shipbuil- ders from the state of Maine have procuivd large quantities of such timber from the district south of Thret^-Rivers ; and, with increased railway facilities with the United v^tates shipbuilding districts, we will undoubtedly ])eable to supply our neighbors with as much as they require of this choi(.'e and world renowned timber. HEMLOCK TIMBER- Thefeis probably no part of the country which can prod- uce more Hemlock than the district of Three-Rivers. For years a very large quantity has been annually cut down chielly for the Hemlock bark, which is used to a consider- able extent in tanning leather, ^^ome of the bark is now being exported to the United States. The extract of Hem- lock bark for tanning purposes is produced, on a I'.ii'gi' scale* :10 at the establiNhiiUMit of Messrs E. Ih-adley tHc Co, which is situated at St. l^^onard south oi" Three-llivers. This ex- tract is exported to Enghiiid and the United States and is of a very superior quality. . LATHS AND SHTN(4LEt*. '■■ ;• ;jr;- ;.' An immense quantity of laths and shingles is turned out by our saw mills all through the district ; they are re- (juired chielly for home consumption and some find their way to the United States markets. With the above detailed statement we are supposed t» have given a j^retty fair insight into the value, extent and consideration of our principal staple. !!;?/;—«. ^ '■ j- ^T '''' IRON AND MINING INDUSTRY; "^ ^■- ■■"^4, We will now pasis to a consideration of our Iron trade and mining industry, and take a glance at some other bran- . hes of our products and manufactures, in so far m they may interest parties in other markets. We have already stated that our Iron industry is not only the old<^st in this district, but also the oldest in the Dominion. We have seen that both under French and Brit- ish rule in Canada, the Imperial governments of these <'Ountries have recognised its importan(?e ; but, although of such ancient date, this industry of ours is yet in its infancy, when we consider the immense developement of which it is capable. ? < r - . ii5 THE ST. MAURIOE FOR(mS. i'! h '// ^n: I f: After passing, v/ith alternate reverses and success, thiough tlie hands of several propi*ietcrs, the St. Maurice For- i>-es are at present owned by the firm of Messrs. Greorge McDougall & Co., who also own the adjacent Forges of 40 L'Islet, which InuV K> roiiKidiM-ed a branch of the old St. Maurice Forijvs. Havimi' been closed lor .several vt'in-s, owing' to the commercial crisis, operations liaAc niiain been resumed at these works on an extensiA'e scale, and both es- tablishments will annually produce aboui 8000 tons ofpia' iron. These gentlemen have also recently reopened the old car wheel factory, which have been closed for some time and for the reasons above stated.The St. Maurice iron, the ex- cellent reputation of which is long established both in P]u- rope and America, as w
i-oiH'rty ol" the I'aiiiily olthc late (!• ol'U'*' lieiuson Hall Esq, of Quebec- ; this eiiterprisiiiu' u'eiitleinali also owned a larg'e extent ol' timber land in the Thive'Rlvers district, From the numerous bitildinu's in eonnection with these Works, the Radnor Foru'es now present the api)earan('e of a Sfood sized vilhm'i'. liy the constru tion of the Piles branch railway, to the north east of Three-Kivers, the Radnor works arenovv brouii'ht into direct raihvay communication with our city wharfs and railways Thi' mininii" riu'hts in connection with these Foru'es extend oVer a laru'e tract of country whi(^h also supplies the necessary wood for charcoal. Lake Tortue, whihice of rcnde/ A'ons, and sel- dom fail to make their appearence in the city, at la.st once a year. The following- lig-ures of exports will give s 52 CVoss Foxes .. .,• ., ,f j^ f. •5,500 Lynx i., ,.. if, ;.4 .. - , 1,465 Fishers , ; . ?^r ... • 875 Bears t^,..; ..j.,^'_, :.;_,.,, .,,, , 12,800 Beavers "''"f'.j^;.;!,;r.;,T.T;J.-'' 950 Otters - ,^^-j.; 12,400 Minks ,| 13,680 Martens j, 257,000 Muskrats The value of thes<^ furs amounted to about three hun- dred thousand dollars (i|800,000). 45 Til coimcrtion with lh«» Fur trade ofThnM-Rivors is tho liUU*' and important trad<' in Mooho, Caribou, Elk and ]iu»k skins. In addition to the lari»i' quantity supplied Iroin our Canadian i'orcsls thousands ol" these hides are annually im- ported to Three- Wi vers, ehieliy i'rom ('alii'ornia and other l)arts of the Tnitud States. These hides are dressed and prepared by our Indians and Hallbreeds, and manufactured into Mocassins and Mittens. Larji^e (piaiitities of raw Buf- falo hides are also imported from Kansas and dressed in the same manner. Both of these branches of industry are car- ried on exclusively by the house of Henry M. lialcer. Buckskin and kid uloves are manufactured on a lar^-e scale bv the same house, chiefly by skilled workmen brought over from France for this branch of business. The finer U'rades of materials riHjuired, such as Hnekid and trimminirs, are imported I'rom 1^'rance and Austria, the lininj?s from Enj»laiid and the United States. The ordinary Kid, Cari- bou, and some other skins are produced and manufai'tured here. . : i'., './ . .1 , j, ■,:.■ ,,,,..?,' ,,.' ■ ' , .;, -/ ^ . ;....,, , ■ A similar establishment has lately been opened by Messrs. Siej^el & Co. -f.- v ,.,;r... f.'i.-; ..,,.• ■ ,.; ,.; ',.,,.,., Until a few years affo the extensive tanneries and leather manufactory of Messrs. Richardson & Co., were w^orked at St. Luc, a few miles distant from the City. Since then the firm has transferred their establishment to War- wick, a station on the Gr. T. R. R. in the Eastern Town- ships. -:.•,.,,!•,..,;: ;.,i. ...,.t/ v,i fv, ..,.,!,•.-■.- ,■!u^■J•■■'/ = ..rv . j;;t. t,, OTHER MANUFACTURES. >, ,i,(r^>. ;. :/:iinri We have a great many other manufacturing industries established in our city and district, but their products are chiefly required for home consumption, and they consequen- tly would proove of little interest to outside parties. 46 AGRKTLTUKK. In AiiTicnlture and Ktock ruisinn' we loiity r opportunities lor the eNtiiljlihiucnt oi'iiew brmichcs ot'iii- induslrv arc still on huiitl. The city «'orporation of Three- Kivers, desirous ol' iiidiii«»' materially in the <'stal)lishment ol' industrial works within the city, oiler very fair en- coura«^-eineiits. In the surroundin«>; country we have an aboundanic of raw material and many valuable water pow- ers, so that ener«]:etic men, with even limited »'apital, may here Hnd an easy Held for th»'ir «'neri»ies and an ainindant supply of ' tiiulc ol" tlu' St. Lavvn'iice. But, 118 a prellul, K't un irlMiicc at the pn'scnt situation oi'our n<'igh])()rinu' ports iiud cxaluiiu' rapidly tln'ir ( oiidi-' tioii and tin* syst«'ins prcvailinii' at lln'so i)orts, as coutt'asted ^vith the I'ort ol' Thrrc-Kivcrs. hi Montreal the most stn-nttotis exertions are heiny' liiad<' to redu«'e the harbor expenses ; it is eVen proposed to abolish a lur^c jiroportion ol" the dues, The jn'eMs and the me'cantile interests are alive to the neceHsity tor a ra- dieal chanu*', The existinju' chariies on hull aiul cargo are prety heavy indeed ; a vessel, say of 70() tons, load- ini»' a carii'o of lumber, i)ays. even under the niosf fti^ vonible ('ir<'umstances, not less than from %\,^i) to $180 Harbor Dues alone. There hi'iufj' u'harl'ai>'e dues eharj^ed for each daV the v«'ssel remains in ption of ooods shipped oi' landed, as well as on ship's ballast, it is not easy to fol- low the various chan. ^ ,,; ..., , It is extremely doul)tful that the people of (^inada \vill be so i»'enerous towards Montreal, but. admittinu' the possibility of such oicurintt', the ultinuile result will remain materially the same. ; : ,. For we do not face to day the sivuie circumstam'es as we did twenty or thirty years au'o. Now, where the produce of the West (uin be as conveniently and cheaply brought to any other point nearer to sea; when we have shipping' ports which otter not only similar advantages but decidedly great- er economical facilites, the old question is one of by gone days, at least radically changed. Oiu* may now ask \vhi('h is the cheapest : to bring freight from any part of the Province oi Ontario, ard the West, by barges or by I'ail, as near as possil)le to points where sea going vessels will load at less expense.^, con.sequently at cheaper freight —or for the country to assume liabilities to better accomod- ate certain centres and certain private interests, and all this with no other possible object in view than to equalize a ditference ? In looking at Quebec We hnd just the reverse. Possessing all the advantages nature can bestow upon " a place, men there seem to do their Utmost to create and ac cumulate difficulties, in fact chase from their harbor the very vessel whii^h would not ask better then to frequent their port. Under the p.seudonime of " Trade Union, " under the cover of " Ship Laborers Benevolent Society, " most despotic rules al'e enforcedv drawbacks accumulated, distur* ")0 bances orffaiiiswl and iniquities (Committed, which Koldom it ever are witnessed in any other country. {Should this state of affairs continue in Qut^bec, surely the greater part oi' the shipmasters will have to \oc^^ out lor other ports. But let us ii>-nori» i'or a moment the strife and the difficulties of our neighbors, is it not folly to regard but one or two ports, no matter how exalt«»d a position they may occupy in our Do- minion, as the sole centres of attraction, the onh^ ports from whi«'h shipments may be affected on a regular s ale, on the only real and inl'alliblt^ }>rincipes ? A new continent is being opened up in the great West and north West, and even* already the presure of the enorm- ous trade pouring in from these new districts is being felt. What proportions will this trade assume when these vast territorities are peopled by millions of Agriculturists and stoy rail and water shall be completed and regular connections establish- ed throughout this immense region ^ Surely we shall then require more facilities for shipping than one or two favored l)ort8 can supply, and any port that can otter superior ad- vantages will certainly attract her fair share of sea going- vessels to her wharfs. Let us now return to the Port of Three-Rivers. Situated immediatly below Lake St. Peter (Montreal's favorite dredging held) at equal distance between the two largest cities on the St. Lawrence ; forming the extreme point of the natural deepwater navigation of the St. Law- rence ; absolutely free from any material encumbrance or maritime obstruction — such is the actual position of our port. {.; ,^,; •:,./■ , , .._v,,;_ ',.; ,:■.'■'■' r ^, -. .,, .^ . ; iji Vessels of every descrii>tion, from the heavy man of war to the small coasting craft, can approach our wharfs with- out fear of danger and without haAnng re«'Ourse to any arti- ficial channel or other protective means. With a fair wind 51 thesailinii' vessel may even dispense with towaares, for noth- ing- can prevent her coniinu' up the river under sail. Our harbour is sufficiently ' nue and spacious,the current very mo- derate, no rise and I'aL oi' the tide of any consequence, and no dreduing" or breakwaters required an , where. Wc have not yet initiated the systeia of Harbor Diu's and intend to dispense with thcni as long' as possible. Police and anchor- age fees are also ignored. There is only one fee to be paid, viz, that of the Harbor Master, which amounts to the mo- derate sum of from $8 to $5 per A'essel according- to ton- nai>e. AVe have iu> Trade Union, Shipla))orers Societies or any other organisation of the kind, which bear so heavily upon the purse as well as upon the patience of the shipowners. The master of a vess^^l is Vee to employ his crew at loading or discharging' his ship, and our workingmen are always ready and willing to work for the best wages they can ob- ttiMi. In no port of the continent can cheaper labor be ob- ' ined than at the Port of Three -Rivers ; no more peaceable law abiding peoi)le can be found any where. Crimps (or sailor stealers) are unknown here and would not be tolei- ated for a moment. Cxood steA'edores and competent workmen are always on hand to load vessels cheaply and well, w^hile the ship- master has a large and cheap market to purchase his sup- plies and provisions, and where all the necessary articles for Vessel and crew can be obtained. Carpenter work, iron work etc. is well and economically done in Three-Kivers. We have seen by the statistics of our lumber exports that some two hundred Vessels visited our Port during: the last six years — an average of about thirty live ships per year. In comparing this small iieet wath the large amount of tonnage at the ports of Quebec and. Montreal We admit the difference is very great, and we cannot be expected to exercise with such a quota, any pow«Miul inllui'iu'e on the .shipping trade. We must not attempt either to dive into the various eauses whieh have hith»»rto prevent<'d us eom- petino', with any degree of suecess, with our neighbors. But as a proof of the cheapness of our harbor, and with the view of attracting and fixing the attention of shipowners and all other interested parties, we will merely take the case (which occurs every day) say of a vessel of 700 tons register loading a cargo of deals at Montreal, Three-Rivers and Quebec respectively. ■ • .. •.. This we trust, is the proper mercantile way to compare the values of shipping ports, and we hope by such a com- ]>iirison to be able to establish the undeniable advantages of the Port of Three-Rivers. " :• • <» :>:. To simplify matters we will assume the freight to b<' the same from each port, say 80 sh. stg. t^qual to about i|20 per standard, so that the gross freight appears uniformaly about $7000 — the vessel being supposed to carry 350 standard — and we proceed to give a statement of the ship's expenses at each port. = . PORT OF MONTREAL. Towage up and down the river $500.00 Pilotare do do 85.00 Towages of vessel in harbor 25.00 Harbor Dues on ballast 800 tons @, 10 cents 50.00 do on outward cargo, say 850 standard of ) deals @ 10 cents per 1000 feet [ 69.25 Board measure ) do on vessel, say 20 days at the rate [ -inr nn of I cents per ton per day j C'ost of discharging ballast 45.00 Stowage for 350 Petersburg Standard deals @, .f 1.00 ) ocn nn per standard ) Police dues 21.00 53 Port \yaideiis iW q qq IJrokcrauv 10.00 M $1246.25 ... poj^-p OP QUEBEC. i- - Towages in h irbor to and from ballast c^round and ) , loading' berth etc j * -^0.00 rilota' 56 The £?i'eat daiiiicr of conceiitnitinii- thcst* artt'riesoltradt' Upon one point is evidently to expose, in a free country Buch as ours and similarly situated, this i)oint to bo tapped by foreman inlluenceand to divert a jjreat portion of the trafhc into foreiii'n channels. What a nici' piei-e of commercial g-eneralshi]) this Would be for C^mada, aft«'r our enormouf' outlay in e^tablishino- our canal and railway systems ! Whereas by an equitable distribution of our shippiuQ- busin- ess every branch of our expcrrt trade will be enabled to find the most suitable route and the moist advantageous port ^^ shipment in the Dominion ; foteiun competition would thus be virtually excluded, and encum))rances or J>loeiYino- imported freio-ht destined for the interior, it must be admitted that r>nr Port must become a commercial centre of more than ordinary interest, and that the attention of the shipping- trade especiallly, must soon be tixed upon Three-Kivers as one of the most desira})le ports on the iSt. Lawrence* iSHIPPINU. We now ofter a statement of our export trade for the last six years, shewing the nationality of the vessels loading- at Three-Rivers during that period, the various countries to w^hi(^h our exports have been directed, together with the Value of the (cargoes shipped. At the same time it must be borne in mind (as we have already explained) that a large portion of our exports does not appear in these statements, as a great many of the vessels loading here cleared for sea' at the Quebec Custom House, so that these cargoes do not ap- pear in the official returns of our Port. - | -V :v -fTT fiO w a c H Eh » 1-5 % h^ w w f} w o w H 72 I'D I- I- I- ro $: ■ ■ .Sri? 5 ^'2 3 - o O Zi X x' _c _o_o_o o o o ■^ TO CI to 1'^ '^« '>* c- I - r: t - ) - ( - — w^^ J' -O irj ».-t< T* — :o :o TO rs GO I - to I o X X TO ^3 rz: 'it.'-- -^ ;^ -^ ■ ^^ ^^ C^ --^ <-« '"^ '■/^ — "tS ri _ -^ =: 53 G =.:S ^ - j-< oj ^ 0) - o -7. .2 -P =-i = s o X — , ^ ^ 3^ - O o 2:; lO o ^3 x'^ CO Xi rr> •- T3 ;= X ^ X O 00 i2 i ! **- BriUiin America 1 .ill ■ 5 ^ ::: Ti ^M "^ ^ r: .- — ■■—*■" ZT — J^ _ «v .- ."5 — V; ^^ 2 1 :: C3 i 1) — > -• ■• 1 1 5 o — — :l4 o — — — — 'T* T* — ® 1 1 »-H M 1 . X »-t« X o dC mi^ >• I ^ X X X "9* 1 'i«S 1 ;^ re X to o a 1 m ~~" -•* 1 5 '. — H 6 _• 1 ~^ U ^ o -a o 1=) o -3 H 1 ^ 35 J 1 "• X 1 1 re ro 12 ^' ■ o H -9l -11 :^ X 00 '^ M yA 'O ::* - -ii 72 s ^ e* '^» 'T) C , -• '?^ V 1 VD ^^.^ ^^ — \ • ,^A , . — ^^^ : ^ i? • I . '■5 " o •-* j2 :3 -J ' ^ ^ • • * MENT .2 .^ ^ > "2 -3 -2 »-4 5 'Z. U '■■■" t^ o H m • 2 ^o I-' ■*^ 1 '^ t^ ) t ;^ -o 00 ;-__■ •ai.-i^^ j__i_.- : •:• : . .. .-...," i~^ 62 ^ ;% P4 I X H O w a H Q w o w as o - w ", ^ — ; — . ^ ^ • BM • ^ M « ;• '. li fi t. :• ^ T" ^ •f^ •- .^ 3- .2 ^ £ 5 •— r: 22 ~ S ■— 1 'C '.<<'-E.B //f ~ — -S 1^ '— ~ s _r *• •^w i i: = = ^^c -Z ^ -• ' « <• — "^ ' • -' -i II ._ a^ifH ■— _ -" ^^ __ '-■-' , 1- " r m . ~~ • ' ^" .- ** ,"^ -^ „, r: r: 1- r: I-; 1 ** X *^ c/ O X i-t M«a i^ :c *" »-■ ». ».f X — o or: CO ^* . _• "C "~* .^ —4 C s -^ -^ ^ Q t "^ — 'J. " "" '-\ '^ ^ - ^ ''■ "^ T. a. 1^ 2— ml^ 1 • ^ ^ CT. r? Ct X ^ -— I- v1< »_ ~ 0*^ Vfc» ^ ' * r X 1- eS -J — -^"f* c. •■T — c: ;^ -^ ^« o; iO — ^ X^ >»,■ -d X •— » »0 O r- ^ '^^ ^ •- ,-^-^ — > : - ■^•V ■Si .::/ 1 r^ , s • ^—4 •2 .^^ "^3 '7^ 1 ^^ C3 S » 3 3J s -: -t: ^ oj -^ ^■4 in O tX) o =: X;d ^D ^ ^ ;- •-- ^ f ^ " ^ ,^ ' 00 0© •» ■"p* *^ ~ ^ ,~ ' I " " 88 }\y this stiitt'mcni it will bo Keen that the jLcnMitor ])()r- liou or our luinbcr luis Ih'cu cxportt'd to the murk«'tH of (treat Hrititiii : Sovith America «'onies next, and the balanee is distributed iini()n<»s( various ort trade will })e noticed in the fact that (rrtuit Britain absorbs th(^ !Lj;reatest cpiantity of Canadian lum]»er, and that our di- rect transactions with loreiufn countrit's are exceedin^-ly limited. .., Our Port and our resources beini? but poorly known abroad, and our lumber merchants f>enerally transactini»" their business with lariiie export houses in Quebec, it is (]uite natural that ou" transactions, in a dire«^t manner, with foreii^n t'ountries should 'ontinue to be so restricted. Of late years, howevcn-, more attention has been given to the establishment of direct trade with ioreign markets ; s«»v- eral shii)ments have been made with the view of testing- our lumber in several markets hitherto untried by our lum- ber merchants, and th(> result has been quite satisfactory, especially in the case of shipments to France. Oiir choice first quality clear white pine, so well known in the British and United States markets, is gradually becoming exhaust- ed in supply, more difficult and costly to. pro<'ure from the forests than in bygone years ; the consequence is that other grades and descriptions of lumber aT> now brought out which require new Jields for trade and v, .her customers as purchas(»rs. = „ > ^ , . In our statement shewing (Comparative expenses of a vessel in the there principal ports on the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec and Tbree-Eivers, we have proved the difference existing in favor of Three-Rivers. All the items there (Comprised are those of an absolutely necessary char- m inter, and wo have not alluded to any expenses indirectly con- nected with a ship's proloni^'ed stay in port. We may mer- ely mention the tkc^t that such expensi^s are invariably hi!*'her in the larger ports than in a smaller harbor, and con- sequently the balance in favor of Three- Rivers as a ship- ping i)ort may be still further incn^ased. In (consequence of all this, we would particularly beg the Ottawa Lumber and Phosphate Merchants, and our Quebec and Montreal shi|>pers to inquire into the facts enumerated in this statement, as Well as regards the situa- tion of our port in general. They soon would b' persuaded that the .shipment of any cargo would leave a far laru'cr margin of profit when made from Three-Kivers than from either of the other ports. Because Ottawa Deals and Phos- phate once loaded by train or in barges, vvill reach our wharfs without the slio-htest delay, and handling for final shipment is affected at verj' little expense. r SHIPMENT OF C^-VTTLE. Before closing our review we dt'sire to submit a few remarks on the imiiortant and increasing business of live cattle shipments, and, as the subject is deserving of through investigation, we would ask for special attention to the matter at the hands of parties interested in this trade. Any person visiting' Three-Rivers with the view oi' examining' the facilities that exist for cattle shipment must be convinced that we have the most advantageous port for this purpose. From the city limits, and extending west- ward along the St. Lawrence for several miles, we have a magnificent tract of beautiful grazing land, as level as a prairie, and watered by several streams. This Imnlienf is traversed by the main line of the Q. M. O. & O. Railway, with a branch line to deep water at our shippinu" wharfs, forming without ex<'eption the inost desirable entree pot for the cattle trade that can be possibly imagined. • -, Cattle comino' IVoin long- distances l«^»r shipment requi- re a few days rest before going on shipboard, espe- cially after being- crowded together in the railway cars for several days, in warm weather and with insufficient care and feeding, as very frequently in the case. There cannot be founJ in the world a better place for this purpose than at Three-lvivers ; and if this Port becomes the prin- cipal point for the shipment of live cattle we confidently predict that the death rate on the voyage to Europe will })e very materially reduced. The cattle will be landed in much better condition than at present, and the prejudices, actualy prevailing in t-ertain quaters in Europe against what is popularly termed " american beef " will easily be removed. The manager of the Grand Trunk Kailway remarked as follows on this subject in reply to enquiry lately made by a prominent Montreal merchant respecting the providing of better accomodation and other conveniences for resting and feeding cattle at that port. — After alluding to the many difficulties connected with the handling of this traffic at the port of Montreal, he mentioned the great inconveniences at- tending the shipment of cattle in a harbor where necessary accomodations do not exist, and made special mention oi' the danger to the cattle themselves, as well as to the public, caused by driving large droves of these animals along the wharfs crowded with piles of merchandise constantly en- cumbering the wharfs, and where hundreds of persons are continually passing to and fro. The manager further dep- recate the manner, hitherto resorted to, of landing cattle from the cars and immediately crowding them on shipboard, without any rest whatever, and cojicJude by remarking that, unlesF ^-^tter accomodation and conveniences can be supplied in Montreal, the live cattle trauewill seek another port of shipment. Where could a more favorable place for resting, feeding 66 Mild shippiiijo- cattK^ be louiid than already exists, on the hanks of the 8t. Lawrence, at the Port ol" Three-Rivers ? This lari^e plain already alluded to ( oiitains several thou- sand acres of as fine meadow land as can be found in Ca- nada, and intersected by streams of ex<'elleiit watc^r. From this resting or re 'ruitiiig- pla e the cattle can be driven to the ship's side, at any hour of the day or night, without the slightest inconvenience or danger. Such a favorable rcM-uit- ing ground and such i'a ilities for handling and shipping cattle do not exist at any other ])ort. We must also not omit alluding to the supplies re- quired for feeding the cattle on the Atlantic voyage. At Three-Rivers any required quantity of first class hay and oats can be purchased, and at lower prices than at any other port on the St. Lawrence. A certain (juantity of live stock can also be purchased for shipment at Thive-Rivers and from the surrounding dis- tricts, including the Eastern Townships. In fact all circumstances combine to facilitate, in a remarkable degree, this most important branch of the Ca- nadian export trade at the Port of Three-Rivers. "VVe cannot lay too much stress on all these advantages, and cordially iiiA'ite parties interested in the cattl<> trade to investigate these statements and to inspect our locality personally, and judge for themselves. _^ '■ 1- ' !i'-: ' : ;<)' • :'';Mi:'|.:!:f; ;•: j <••', i» I (; ti7 CONCLUSION. • Having' thus rapidly analysed the various phases of the l>ast and present life of our city we sincerely trust, that, after a perusal of our statements, the commercial community of Canada as well as commercial men abroad, will find some items of interest. We have faith in the future of our city, and are confident that the Port of Three-Rivers wall eventually assume a more extended influence as a business centre, and become one of the leadino- shipping- ports on the St. luawrence. We do not aspire to become a second Liver- pool or New-York, but w^e claim that our position, natural advantages and facilities are such as will command our fair share of the shipping- trade of Canada. Certainly no more favorable point of shipment for, at least, a portion of the immense and constantly increasing trade of the G-reat West can be found in the Dominon. Three-Riyrs, Canada, ) July 1880. J . - . ; "' - , p ORPOF^ATION DES Tp^ois-R IVIE f\ES. A line assemblee du Conseil-de-Ville des Tiois-Rivieres, teime le troisierae jour de 8eptemhre 1878, il a ete Propose par le conseiller Boudreault, Seconde par le ooiiseiller Vanasse, et resolu : Que pour euo-ao-er \es i^ipitalistes A etablir des uiauu- ta "tures dans les limites de la cite, il soit resolu que la Coi- poration de la Ville des Trois-Rivieres est disposee a ac(W- der aux mauufactures qui seraieut etablies a Tavenir dans les limites de la cite, tous les encouraLrements possibles qui serout compatibles avei^. les pouvoirs ^^t attributions de la Corporation, soit sous forme d'exemption de taxes ou autres avantaues que les eireonstanees permettront d'aeoorder. Certifie, J. (i. A. FRiaON, ►Secret ai re-Tresori e /• H()t>:l-de-Vii.le, IVois-Rivieres, 28 .Tuin 1880. ;,^ .''■>«^,. a- iV' ■ : CoRPOF\ATION ur REE- j^IVERS. At a meetiiiiT of the City-C^onncil of Thiw-Kivers held on the third day of September 1878, it was : Moved by Couneillor Eoudreault, ' ' ' Seconded by Councillor Vanasse, and resolved : That, in order to induce capitalists to establish manu- factories within the limits of this City, it be resolved that the Corporation of Three-Rivers be disposed to i>Tant to all manutacturs that may hereafter be established in this City, all possible advantages compatible with its powers and attributions, either by exemption from taxes, or granting other privileges which circumstances may justify. Certified, City-Hall. > Three-Rivers, 28th June 1880. \ J. a. A. FRIGON. • Seci .tary-Treasurer. .ii- 1 •■ '.w . ,.. p ORPORATION DES y ROIS-RlVIERES A uiu" assembler du C'oiiJscil-dc-Ville dosTiois-Rivieivs, teiiue le dixieme jour de Mai 1880, il a ete Propo.st' par lo coiisciller Vaiuisfse, Secoiide par h' conseiller Kousseaii, Qu'il est de Tiiiteret des citoyeiis des Trois-Kiviere.s de t'aire (toimaitro aux cxpt diteurs et autres personnes interew- sees dans le commerce d'exportation des aiiimaux vivants les avantag-es exceptioiniels qu'oftre le port des Trois-Eivie- res pour ce genre de commerce, et d'encourager ces commer- 9ants et exportateurs A profiter de ces avantages ; quil soit en consequence resolu : Que ce t'onseil oftre de fournir gra- tuitement, pendant dix ans, dans la Commune de cette ville, le terrain necessaire j)our le paturage des betes a cornes et autres animaux qui pourraient 6tre emmenes en cctte cite dans le but de les mettre a bord des vaisseaux d'outre-mer, pour etre transportes en pays etrangers. CVrtifie, J. a. A. FKIGON, Secretaire-Tresorier, HoTEL-DE-VlLLE \ Trois-Rivieres, 28 Juin 1880. ] PoRPORATION OF ThREE- RiVERS. At a meotiii*^ of tho ('ity-Council oi" Three-Rivi^rs, h.'ld OH the tenth day of May 1880, it was Moved by Couin'illor Vaiiasse, Seconded by Councillor Rousseau, and resolved : Whereas it is of the greatest interest for this City to make known to forwarders and other parties interested in the export trade of live stock, the exceptional facilities offer- ed by the port of Three-Rivers for this kind of trade and to en(;ourage that class of traders and exporters to take advan- tage of those facilities, be it resolved : That this Council offers to grant in the common of this City, free of any char- ges, for the space of ten years, the necessary ground for the pastiv'ire of live stock that may be brought to this city, to be fo, » arded to foreign countries on board of sea going vessels. Certified, J. a. A. FRIGON, Secretary -Treasurer. City-Hall, Three-Rivers, 28th June 1880. »• 'iVl 1 ^•'■■'''rK,vv; V ' v..' J>^:-)i -,;n' ^^'j. ,- ' 'ta-' i' 't ..fr ■;(( !,. -f, 'V fi n :.;,)■•■ t ■^i;lt|7i '5';>p*io \|ir.ftj,,.-f <-a *:?^'<.:--!' ';^;"'UV!5i-?;- ,;■;; 1 . ' ,■! 'i-u':-ii','', ru J.= .B-rr-r i/e^h, ! I I i-i ' i ! 'a "LI *• 1 • % \ \ ■■•''■■ \ ■ t - ■ '■■ ... ..i:^v . , m ^r r'-i^T- i^' ■ i 1 ' - . . -■ "; \ - ■ \< 1 '• T^^T7i;1 ^ "■*"V'rr '- ---■^- M\i>! oi- nib Three: Riviers '"'•***-'**«**H«^^^ -?>- -« ^'■-t^.s- ':,''-<.? '^^■--X-t- ^^^ ^ of tlie ^y .^//v/c/ or r/^/?£^ /r/i/£/r^ r^: 9 l^ A if>ftfi n ff •If //'/// /t,'-rrl y ( r^'l n t'l I' • ^ / ^ { ;/c.//.'/c"/ v*.- ,7//VJi'^' /r/^^jf>i'' /'//,■ /,'ft// ftiutttx i-onni'i fi'ii It • n, fhi' )ii't< r t>/"/'/ii I'f /t^f't'.v ,trftj Hii' "' ro Hit f'tr-.i Ou II ~ mo I nil* ^' '■J- •- ft* ( ■ <■!( I'HIII » I r\ f "^^.j J N£W yo/T*/f y £ fFMOA/T A (7' A' .S IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 // / fc ^ita ///// ^^ s. %° u. A ^ 1.0 IS"- i I.I 2.5 11 t 1^ ilM 1.8 11.25 il.4 11.6 y <^ /a 'W a /A vV# ';■ 9 \ ^-.•""r ^r (imORPOUlED §Y ^gU^ m^T^ER 1818.) CAPITAL ----.. $3,000,000 • , SURPLUS 325,000 HEAD OF3PICE, ^OEBEC* .TAS. a. KOHS, President. .TA.S. HTEVENSON, Cashier. BRANCH THREE-RIVERS : Alexander Str. ! F. a. WOTHERSPOON, Manager Agents in London : Union Bank of London. Ag-ents in New- York : Messrs. Maitland Phelps & Co. A general banking- business transacted. Sterling ex(;hang'e and drafts on New-York bought and sold. Drafts issued available at all points in Canada. Collections made at all points. Current rates of interest allowed on deposits. ADVOCATE AND ATTORNEY. ST. J-OSEP^KL STK;, .: : • THREE-RIVERS.— CANADA I^ilver medal, Paris 187H. The Canada Extract and Dye Wood Works. EXTRACTsl K. BRADLEY cSc CO. PBQFBISTOB^ S "^larf^s at |f. ^coiiaiiil AND mani;fai;t(j»khs oi-' St'diuu'iltrss Extrads of IleiiUorl,' Uitrli, Tinnaracli, liuttmiiU Mapk^ etc. Dealers in ^emlock §ark OFFICE : THniiK-HIVEHS, V. O. (:A.NA1)A I TOWN OF NICOl.ET P. Q.— CANADA. PROPRIETOR OF STEAM SAW^MILL. riNE, 8rRTJCE AND HEMLOCK l.UMBEK ALWAYS ON HAND AND SAWED TO ORDER. Pine, Spmoe and Hemlock Shingles, Laths, Battens, et«* furnished at the shortest notice and on moderate terms. Nicolet, July 1880. IIEOKIIE BAPTIST SON & CI). LUMI?E]l MERCHANTS AND MILLOWNERS. ttTANUFACTUHEHS A3«0 SJtIFFEiiS ^F FINE ANH SPRUCE liUMBEK. Saw Mills at Les Sres, River St. Maurice. Steam Saw and Planing Mills in Three-Rivers. Head Office : Notre- Da/vie Street THREE-RIVERS, CANADA. fW ^^ Wf* *^ "W WR W> A ^ €^ 'lc?3 TCI) WHOLESALE DEALER AND IMPORTER OF S SKINS MANUFACTURER OF Gloves and itlens in Kid, Burt Moose, Caiiboo k SHIPPKR OF RAW-FURS AND SKINS. THREE-EIVERS, CANADA. mm '"■'" mKTTfit umj^i e\f so. ST. MAURICE STEAM SAW MILLS. L S ( iifiiiiroi;^ THREE-RIVERS, P. Q.— CANADA. ^Deep water wharf on the St. Lawrence (-lose to saw mill. Cargoes delivered free alongside Vessel. (S^WiMCAPAgj^rgi: mill ; 20 Maypw mzT ^gNjjALLr - * ;, 4 , " - Mm Wmkii aiiJ MaiiiiMurors THREE-RIVERS.-CANADA. PINE AND SPRUCE DEALS AND LUMBER, TAMAHAC, HEMLOCK, BIRCH, ASH, CEDAR. Telegraph poles, Pine and Cedar shingles, Pine laths, Pa- lings^ White Birch spool wood. Dimension and build- ing timber of all descriptions. • I Mm \i ( I • u (I m. MANUFACTURER AND ILXPORTER OF SAWN PINE AND SPRUCE LUMBER. n ti« 'J W: ^- a £ iiW 'VfT '19. SPIIP BROKERS AND INSURANCE AGENTS. ' Ships Provisions and Supplies furnished at the ; : , - LOWEST CURRENT PRICES. J ^.^.-.v... OIPIFICE : 14: IPOI^a-ElS ST. r' iil! THREE-RIVERS, P. Q.— CANADA jyvi PORTER AN D poyviMissiON Merchant .S> a-s:]srEii^A.ij A.a-EisrT. »I.D c:3"t-r-i THREE-RIVERS, CANADA. m s\ \ ; :*:;; TIlUl^K-iaVEKS. p. Q— CANADA. w!;^ ^DtM'p Water whar<'t*or largest class ol'sea g'oiiio- vessels. -^ pEALER IN yOBACCo's AND CiGARS ISTO. 33 :PXiA.TOIsr ST. \ } :-/ , . THEEE-IUVEUS, P. Q. gf^-MAKES IT A SPECHALITV TO SUPPLY SHIPS.^^ <».. .^^ liii|)()rlor ami Dealer in Hats aM Furs. IlimJUMM. OF — KAW FURS AND SKINS. ' i ,:^^^^- -I W'.^.'h