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Les diagrammes sulvants lllustrent la mAthode. by errata med to nent une pelure, fapon A [ * : i i 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 - ) i " fj j i* ^ " ' " ■ k^- :.v|l 'A *] ■■:k ml yt^ ii mnMMmmnM r^ ;f ■ ■, — '« — ' *■*' "-" '■"'■-' THE ■ ■'■■■ ■ f ". • ■■ ...., J ■■>:; - ■ ■■'■ < 3 -•*-■■»-'" PRESENT STATE O F f\ /'■ ORTH AMERICA, &c. '■% j-,-1- PART I. r" • ^?^ ?l — >m • fi '■'•^ •^.M t I ■ii, ' « ^v> K LONDON: A Printed for, and Sold b y R. and J . Dodslby in Pall-mall, ^ _ MDCCLV, WPIIP MHIi" li «««>t 'I I I ..^ mmwmm ^ 7 StGfmuuW -fiie^ The ^Sott/isWrn. 3o/finfi^of tic Oidfima :Aa[r J/Consj^mx^i ' XakW S UPEBIOH ^tx%- / /> , C— .\ r t'V-. ?« foqiio i*. ^j^iSSM ^xrnoir ^ C ,t^"»! "Ufej MJw^^^S' i^S? »;>*// TIWiWrt'"t"'ip^'" — -"'CT' — M.-?''*****viy? //H**'V ^ Som4l 0f 'Vujgiuifl •Xv2'. r^>5r 'tfmilinaliatni -^^ SSr "^r ^OHImtZ. 4/ .f\j '-K IN oR\ Labkadob LStJhuuu t.S! /><«'*• \^ E / .AJ K^^ ^'^TTi ^C lAn 4 \tto|»i •^ .<»^ Ef r hM^ g^ iIv)I«i(m \ a^ /V^'a |:«"rr '^^^Bm^^^ D i ^ l^w*«/ A,> G U L T OT M E X I C O \e^^ •^ 6\s \mC fhnMnrml s V Hutt MTvet (oiytmd,AlmM^i (he Jtuf/ttt anJ/M/Jf/oittH.i <; andi/if iKtn'ou^ (tr/t>un tfittutipiM/iM /n^'Jh/ivft'j .ifivtnll rtj/ur/t'if GovfmmfnAi irt/inventAntrhif ^iftn/i/rt.iifftiona e/'i^f ytafiachntetiiyvi'otfi' n-MlHtyr^bA .fnitiiccfii'iil m/ATSm Hni/i JlewJerSij itf»/Petm*fimma » 'wJJjVtoytanrl -w /w/ y<-ffl'iitt iwvi^ to 04>mfAm^'{^nify m tAfi^eintyi/ioii of'i/h' '/••>ti/oiy i>/^ taW^'S c h«-/r >i^ \ . u u 1 j 1 ffl 1 \-1 MsWa/u/ AccrjtATE MAP lORTH America^ ^(M'bttrin Ihr Errors ofat/pnctetSfft^ BriHflt.FrrnrJb rtHaJ)uh'ip Jfii^U , fTJ/w/iftf tbrrr^is o/^OWaiBrikiifi, \SS ...V \tjtt \nar4t SounJ- tl. S ■J '-'•>: ■^iflir ^ A <^ O C ^ ■ y .iir-^i i?( *i * AT «•+-:• C .r^> .^ ^:Ji i^ \ <\ 'S' V FuM J'tuM l^tunM of' Xn^mat .nun/it^ ill ITij Miffiutyj Uro- l/hw., ill III iiiy Tn^aluu tim/iu/eiiiuf'SiUf m i^ot;iuii/6y traatt iiil/ieTrmttj •jr'(rtKchtMoumi> a^Kewfaiff- lmA/m,/,iti /A,' AiirM.iM tf'Hi.il Siv^- tv iht ITmrsvrai Miivr i/>tJVoiiHEMfftnfo^iat*illat\af;ta\yfi\)m Htmet thrv tfhi^ /,itf to /AfJti'i'fr niinoii , ^ '/nmt t/tfiiff i/»l(i(ipi ill WKitmt BotoiJan/ i>i ihe Caimte e/" tftr 'VMt'i!bpi,Kiiifrth>/(ir iSatit^ tij Qeorgia . —^ — r '^ 7%M ii tl ivutfauntty txinu/ii^f atmit laooJttHn in letfitt /ri>ni Aorth to Stmi^, itnii/rnm^fi'tn itt S ooMiMi inBnatMi. ihittam^/iarto^fAtdMyi ,nv'//tMtEnovi>iA/ii :iY''/^ynvc\i dii'ivi'n ' (oimniiydilauatr,! t/u Jtuf^tt anJ/br/j^i\tii.i ,y'trh\r/ JIn'tir/i, um^ Cvinm ifittinipiMhM /ii,'Mwj(yj •tfivmliyai'ithiiu ai f/ifir ovfmmftif,< iit/im»fHtA,ntrHif HiftrJi/rt.hA'i-fionaiBiitf^vlMiiiii :faulet5i9i>>w<->- iri//i Xnr'ldA .Connectit-iil //vVyiNewIuik Jfewlihjt rfey r»*/JVnujirlrauia ifi//iifarf\anAiriv /ufyi^f/iiM/Zr i/ffruiii/ifi/, teAmf'{fi(y "I t^^iAviiyifiti/i I'/'t/ir '/'■rn/oiy iij'y.i>,'ivi\itlTt\mi) tH'oiU) ,mt/ fx^>'thiftv /uv,fiv/,i .iih-/i i^u/iiiMi luv iiAi ■lit;/ afftvu/i^/ Til' MiiM/itivit/iiirf ofl/iio JUiji lit t/ii- A^'Htiinint i)f't/i, fhi^l^ltiivr uv M,i//eit'2}rrr/biwi France /mj ,i/iy/ii^/ r/i//ifA> r/iH^America ViinUif^Jifi^rrMif'Jf^Latiiuiie. .On/ f/if n\if t^' Hif tnu-oliimj liir/MMHirt/if^'Souih Caralina,/J h/Z/Zm/Vv/oiii/j to ftpsan accon- tfAiiurn tvtifefn (ttMaBOxan imi/Spaiu. in i^js . ___ 'NEWihii/ ACCITRATE MAP lORTH AMERICA- ^(M'ltetrtn theEn-ors o/a// ^tnceetfuf^ Briftsh.FrfnrJb atufDufch ^Mh/fs , n.yirr/nt^' tbrrrfrhfs o/^frtYd/Jin'hiri, VFmucf jkS/iiu'n.k. fbfltnu'fx o/^mch of \ Ifis'Mtf/efv( /o //tr .'^A'MontM- ' 'j^ inu <>/'//ti- ( fttli/i/t'J/iwt'iitl'fe .^ ZflRJ)S COMMISSIONEltS . 'l*. iJir llxrcutiug- the Office of -»--'' - . 'Vy //,■» //fisinWnfn/, wit^i/O/tJ/tH^j ll/ll/j'ftUt ^UtuM' tlftl'lltft . Briliih ,^la6U! Jtilu tMf h'aD^ree. ' *■•'' -^ rt; lj» 2 t'aJl^fn'i S /" ifii>fey ill IWl-lwiTl //S/rf". \3S nv.JOMM Seii/y. ,v:^' !!;'■.*'>■' /y . .J« " H>n t .!iTAT8 T'>^-a8aHq ^ o ■■ 'S^f J- • >u I /-■! 1. ^. : Vi O a H O v1 £4m4 Ml' -'mi item M, wi^^iif^itiss^meisBsssm^iMwsspum .', ./ ::i.: v.;,V Vv;i^vO\:- T H E .. CONTENTS. . ^ > C H A P. I. ^7^ HE Difcoveries^ Rights y and Popjftons of Great- ..-.j Britain, ^i. x:;.. .-jniii-.j-if./, :i \:'ii.;i./. .V>\ •. - -s 'sv-.^^vVi v.\ v.vn , C H A, P. II. - .-_.'•.• TJ^tf DifcoverieSy Rights^ and Ptiffeffions of France, CHAP. III. , . , , A. The Encroachments and Depredations of the French upon his Majefty's Territories in North-America, in Times when Peace fubfjied in Europe between the Two Crowns, ^f. &'c. CHAP. IV. The Situation^ Abilities^ Temper^ and Difpojition of his Majefly's Northern Colonies. ^^^ c;^ H A p; V. The Situation^ Abilities^ Temper ^ and Difpojition of the French Northern Colonies. -. CHAP. VL Conjiderations on the prefent Meafures for the Prefervation of his Majefty's jufl Rights and Pojfejftons in North- America. H: . CHAP. m ■*srn^mgHHmym- ■-jAiff %^''^»'»~ ■ The CONTENT S. "t'M 9 CHAP. VII. Covftderations on the Plan for a general Concert of his Ma^ jefty's Northern Colonies, drawn up by Commijftoners from Seven Provinces in a late Congrefs at the City of AlhsLiiy in the Province of 'SQVf-Yotk. v ' '' CHAP. VIII. ^ new Plan, humbly fubtnitted to the Confideration of tht Public^ for extirpating the French and their Indians out of his Majefty*s North-American Territories^ &c. without any Expence to Great-Britain, except the Regular Troops pe has in that Country y and the Min of War that arey or may be^ employed there* ) V ' '^"v >^^ '.^V^ .1 > i '\....\.".:t '^ \ - .n\'^'i ;lVL','.v' ya'; o ',\\V I . ■u-\ \::, THE ^!Hf*it.*-*^ y-yr 1^1 ! ■ -• --* — "l^^i^nwiiftimjun in I ' ' iniHiiiMiw ,:n'U^':' Liin ,i'(>.fvT '■'' fr :; Am-^^\ -! .J - i ... THE ::\.:..,,/,_:'-^ . 'H. PRESENT STATE ■a: ■■ Is :< ■■ ) y ;.! * NORTH-^MERIC^y &c. ,;.*u ' I / "2^ni-rfi ny?o.i:;i i_C..H A "•• ■ 1. ^' ^ iir:[^M <. ^ T'he I)ifcdv€rieif RightSy andPoJTeJJionsofGx^zX.'^ HE CABbTs, with bther Subj^iSts of the Crown of ^or^^^^/^^- • •' , _ ■ ' r'lca firft dif* JE«^//*W, did' in 1496 and 1497 difcover and covered by take polleflion of, according to tlie Forms ufed in tKofe Times, all the Eaftern Coaft of North- America from Cape Florida to the North PolarCirde^ for, and in the Name of, the Crown of England, They had a Grant from the Crown of the Property of all Lands they fliould difcover and fettle Wejhoard of Europe \ but they made no Settlements in confequence of that Grant. This" . B Dif- I \ .■*g¥ ^l . "»St> < iW i iWHi mm ■ "P^^SA- ■S«^t~ ' (•••- ■• , » .^ prior DifcO" C'l.jin. .11 ■'■•i » ^ f Difcovcry of the Continent of North- Atnerim^ P"^ ^ that of any other Europeans \ for Columbus did not dif* cover the IJla?uis in ihniGulf of Mexico till 1498, and it was 1 5 04 before t\\c French difcovcfed any Part di North- America. In thofe Days Priority of Difeovery, even without a con- tinued Occupancy or PofTeffion, was decnwd agoad Clarim. It is true, we did not immediately make any Settlements there, nor did we fb much as navigate the Coaft for near a Century following, Henry the Vlllth being too much en- gaged in the Difficulties which attended the Progrefs of the Reformation, to be ait Ici&irc for f^^^^JE?* Un(iert»kp« ; iir^j^m the VTth being "a'^tinbr; Queen M^ry oemg bent Tjpon the Re-eilablifhment of Popery ^ and Quc^n Elizabeth being conftandy employed in guarding againft the Variety of Dangers to whichithe.'ihttfrtiatStatJ of her own King- doms, ^he Power of t\^ Crown o(^ Spain j^ ..^J?4' t^ rSP^'^^- State of Ettropey c^pbfed hers cwj: 'notwithftandmg this In- attention to North-America^ and the little Regard England at foil /hewed to. the . Difcoye^-y; pf .t|ie C^ bpt^ ^\ Vv^ iliewed it to have been the earlieft Difcovenr uiade ^oq ciq) 'it be annulled by any fubfequent. Difeovery pretended t^; any other CounUy, norjby.a n^ledl of the Improvement of it on pur own part.. However, a^ feveral European Treaties have fince been made, eftablifhing by StipulatioathatZJfght acquired at firil by this Difeovery to greats Part of iVi?/'/^-, Afnerica, I fhall not dwell upon* the Effe^ of |tji^E)i&(?^V(^ry^ as confirming^ a Ri^ht, but proceed fp ^(^^i^i^f^^^£ur: |£ ropean 'la % OmmmUmm Wii " iiiWaOTii "jgffgg ..ijL — ■■■■ ' fJ ^ [3] ttopedn Treaties, (uicc made, relative to this Country; the Gbnveyanccs made to Great-Britain of Part of it by the Natives of the Country ; the confequentiai Grants of the Crown^ and the Scttlcmcrvts made by his Majefiy\ Subje^s. ' 'J"ljt coiifcqiience of the Treaty of Utrecht^ CommidiwiesTiic nouni* from' the Crowns of Great-Britain and France detcrmin- ^>'7 ^'.'i"- p.my's I i-r- ed the Boundaries of the -Iudson's-Bay Company's Ter-''^"^^ •': * ' c«.rt.uiicJ ry •ritories, to be all that Country from the North Pole to a cer* ^ ^"fy ^'^"^ tain Promontory upon the Atlantic Ocean in N. lyat. 56 De- grees 30 M. to run S. W. to Lake Afj^^w, and from thence continued dill S. W. to N. Lat. 49 D. and from thence con- tinued ftill S. W. indefinitely ; which S. W. Line takes iii Part of Lake Superior, which is as large as the Cafpian Sea^ Though the Sieur UAnville has in his Map of America, publifhed in ^750, under the Diredion and Authority •of the Government of France, marked the South Boundary -of the above Cofftpafty\ Territories due IFeJl from the above ProihontOry, which is fo far injurious. - ' fr. - *''• The Limits of New-Britain, or Labradore, are not on '^'^'^ '''";'^ the South and Weft Sides afcertained by any Treaty be-'"'""^^'- ^ •' ' hiailvc not tween Great-Britain and France; it beingr with the Re-'^'^'r^' . . Tivaty, iiiul m^dndQT 01 JVortA-AmerIca, the Boundaries whcicof wcrc''''^'^-'J^'^>''' lli'^httj that not fettled by the Treaty of Utrecht, referred to Cofnmijja'^'^'^''^^'^'' ries of the two Cromm, who were to fettle all ANierica??. Difputes, concerning Boundaries and the Donniuion of the Jndiafts, in twelve Months after the Ratifications of that Treaty were exchanged. Commijfaries did accordingly meet B2 at ■ "IT II mm' ■•-"■■ iCSS'A-' .--i J't '■,ai:'6.ct^m.0iii^. '^JWSjffppilwi* .ji l:J 9X Soijfons and Camhray^ but never fettled one Point rektive to the Limits oS Nortb-Americay and the Dominions of the Indians therein, except the Boundary of the Hudfin s-Baf Company I have juft mentioned *. But if prior Difcovery and frequent Vifitation of a Country gives Title to it, we have an indubitable one to all that Country called New^ Britain or Labradore^ extending Southward from the before mentioned Promontory in N. Lat. 56 D. 30 M. to the North Side of the Entrance into the Streights of Belk-IJle^ and from thence due Wefi till it meet the Southern Boundary of Hud/on S'Bay Company's Territ Dries. I'hough the French have been careful to colour the whole of this Coiintiy upoa their Maps for themfelves. Three Years ago a Number of pf^d ;i^C\\\:^^.'(l ^wjivu i>h /Wealthy -. I • -^•, \N ; f «! i. ■ »*■ •Nothing can be more impolitic, when we are engaged in a Confederacy againft /Vw/r*, than to leave any Point to be determined after the Conclufion of a Peace r for if we can- rot get it conceded while the Contiedcracy ftands and our Force is united, how can weob- tain it when we are left alone upon the Diflblution of the Confederacy ? The Frtnth have fo often experienced the Benefit of this Imprudence on our fide, tlut in all their Treaties tliey ufe every Artifice in their Power lo obtain this Advantage, and they feidom mifs it. But when we recollciSl the weak and tiaiterous Minijiry of this Country, wko ne3;pciated the infamous Peace of Utrecht., we cannot wonder that die Interefts of AmtricOi &c. tiiould be referred to Ccmmiffai-ia after a Conclufion of a Peace. This Weaknefs knd Tseachety in our Managers of the Treaty of Utrecht^ what it was in cur Power to command our own Terms., has given Being and Support to mofl of the Evilathat have fince happened \n Ame- rica between us and the French. And one would h;ivc hoped the ill Succefs of this Part. of the Treaty of Utrecht would have deterred us from the like impoHtic Conduit at tfie Treaty of jfix La Chapelie. But no, the Necejpty of our Situation then obliged us to/uhmit to the fame Mifiake oncetnorey and we now fee and feel the Confequences of it. For the French jxfufe to fettle any one Pomt in Difpute with us, unlefs upon fuch Terms ' as. are abhorrent to our Honour and Intereft ; they are conftantly committing Depredations on our Fellow- Subjedb, and making Encroachments on us in America., and will not recede from any one of their Encroachments* though his Majejly's Claim to mofl of the Territories they have invaded is indiipiitably jufl ; and they have at laft pufhed Affairs to fuCh an Extremity, that * European War with ^cin feems to be iuevitable. , ^^'% « < .'_.! *• . «— . .^ m tt f ^^s,^ ■.i^anmssumeammmm^ mm I -^— "p** J« 4- iiIJLM«M.^««IWN*«iiMMi I si wealthy Merchants of the^ City of Londm petitioned for an exdufive Grant of this Country, for a Number of Years, on Terms that would have been very beneficial to the PubKcy as well as themlelves. Their Petition was referred to the Right Honourable Lords forTrade and Plantationsy who re- ported in favour of the Projed:, and proved his Majefty\ Title to the Country ; but for political Reafons it was after- wards dropped. And finee that there have been feveral bolder Attempts than ever of private Traders, Subjefis of his Af^- y^, to eftablifli ^Commerce with the EJkimiattx Indhnsy. who refide on and near the Sea Coaft of this Country, which has frotti one End to the other been often explored by his Af^z^lg^'s Subjects ; but there never was anyEftablifhment made in it by any European Nation; for the Natives have an invincible Antipathy to all Foreigners, and deftroy all thofe that happen to be wrecked on their Coaft, or attempt to trade with them^ whenever it is in their Power. .^f. -- JJy the Treaty of iT/r^c/^/, which in this refpeA is conr-Newfamd- firmed by that of y^ix La Chape/ky Newfoundland wastotheCrowa ceded to Crr^<2]f-5r//^«r^ refervmg ta the rrenchy throu^ Britain hj ... •,..«. . the Treaty the good Offices of our iniquitous Adminiltration in i'ji2yoiUtrfd'i, Liberty to vifit and to ere !W h^ou; (exq^ ifk, Cftft* ^f JPi^iffi;]t^ there ii iritocd alfb a Glaufc, in tl>p 15th Article of. tjie Treaty €£ Utrecht with Spam^ wH^'eby ^ Preteoqe is given^ to tlie'AS5&^j!^?wz>'£/x. to claim 'a Right tftfifli ^t i^.^eyfidhti4i. in direa C<)ntradiaion to til© 7th aiid 8'lh Af^^es ofrtjijf Treaties made with that Cnwn m {^67 ^?kI 1670, ^whereby it is agreed that G>*(j»if-Bmvte^ focver, being or iituatemith9'/f^i?^'-/wfe4, 0r iA ^y^^art of Americay which the Subje<9:s of Gr^^^-JSlr^Ajft;* do at prefent hold or poilefs. And that the S\!bje^- niards claiming a Righf to fifLat Nekifoundlmdi, X^tmm^ the following Anfwer to Lord i^/«/<»^;^, -^i^crjetary: of State, dated June i'^^ ij 12, " We have confidei'cd the Ex- ** tradt of a Memorial from the Marquis de Mmttl t 7 3 , ^*: iPaileB. iwmtv.iiaf' Ma^y^^iinA iklkts' ' m.f hafve fifiiecj " there T^nvsBoAyfhatr^^ can learn, did *«' do it 46 4f • teigirt bel<*iging to them. By the Ad to « entourage the Trade to i^hbfiu^d/aful, paifed^ti^e « T^nth ^d'Eievdhthof hirlate MafeJIfy^ 'Whttl We W^ •* ift Amity arid Alfiiricc ^th Spaih, it is ^edared and <« enafted, " fhat no j4/ieh or Stranger whatfoever, libt « rcfidirlg withih the Kiligdbm 6i ' )£nglancl^ ' IXdminiion b^ « JVitkSy '-ir Town *^of 'Semk'k tipdh "Tweed:, iliair at any " time litttaftcir take Bait, or ufe any fort of' Trade, or '^/.Fifhirtg'- whatever, \s\. Newfoundland^ or in ^ any of the "' .^z/:^ i^djacent." Purfuant to Vhkh Aa Tfif^dions « hktfe j^wievtry l^caf'^giMk' t^ t^e'Cbmfnbdores^'of the ^ Goltvoys, tb p'revent Foiieignef S ■ Cbmiiig Aither.^' The fesi^ret Cottm^ttce of 4:ht MoaJe'oJ^CommhSy in lyi^, cbh- fef^'iii their Repbrt, that ^(if\toe^^^ acc6\iht* fot (he Reafbiis thatptc^^ailfeci ^*ith the Miniftry to admit the Infertibn<)f the abbv^ Akick itito the Treaty 'of tT/f^^c/j/j for the' Mariagei^iit'bf-it: Vai Intrufted with 'm\tHp Pa- fifi who wS fefit £o Eftdh for this l^ipofe, and to hcgbciate what was-eikfeded frbm that Crbwn relating to the Fre- ki>ider^ and itt> Papers tibhcettring it were to be found in the pfuHic OificeS. V Upon the Fotindatiori'of the above Article m favour of Spaik^ we find Don Uztariz, formerly Privy Gounifcllor to tile ^/^g*, arid Secretary ih the Council and Chamber bfth^l^^x in' %4 'iii . lu^ mort ^ceilent Theory 'M 'PrMk^'"^ ijoh^imrccy b^^ advifing the King < ' M».-A. t i. :•>_)» 5 : mm y< M ' i A.aiii'e, or ceded to Great-Bri- tain by the Treaty of Vtretbt. C8] ■ - . hisMaAca- to avail himiblf of. that Ri^t w!iencver'heJi^ Power fufficient to make good bis Preteiidoxts* \,c^ -j^^^j^-^ •> Ac AD I E, extending from the River of St, Lawrfnca to the River Pantagoit or Penobfcot^ was pot only iuft difco- yered, but firft, fettled hy ^^ Effgii/b .^, for vx ,160 a we had, both by the Accounts of Englijb 2Ji!i French H^S^o^ rians, a Settlement in that Country, which. is two Years before ever a French Family.fettled in any:Part of it^ as appears from the fame Authority. ^In 16^0 ^ that Part of Acadie as far as the 48 D.^of N. Latitude, was granted by the Crown to the Council of Pljmouth.Qt.New-Eng- landy which Company I fhall have fiirther occafion to ipeak of. In 16 21 the Council of Ncw-Englafid refign- ed to the Crown all Parts of their Grant to the North- ward of the River St, Croixj wjien, it was thefi grafted with the reft of Acadie Xo ^m WilUc^m Akxw;ider\ Scoe-t tary of State for Scotland^ and called Nova-Scotia, In 1623 King Charles the Ift, marrying a Daughter of the FrenchY^m^t gave 22X Acadie ot J^ovia-Scotia Xo France, In 1627 it was taken from the French by Sir David Kirk, In 1632 it was again ceded to France by the Treaty of ^S*^. Germain, In 1654 Cromwell lent and reduced it. In. i^^62 it was again delivered up to \i\^ French King by Cbqrles II. and confirmed to France at the Treaty of Breda m 1667^ notwithftanding a Remonftrance againft it from the Parlia^^ ment of England and the PeojJe of Nf^^fJ^England. In J 690 it was taken by 700 New^England Msriy at the Ex- ^\ pence . ««, ^,_,. t9] pence of that Country, which was never reimburfed them. In 1 697 it was again ceded to France, In 1 7 1 o it was re- duced again by Forces from Great-Britain and New-Eng- land^ and confirmed by the Treaties of Utrecht and Aix La Chapelle to the Crmion of Great-Britain y " With its an- ^* tient Boundaries, as alfb the City of Port-Royal^ as fully " as ever France pofTefTed them by Treaty or other " Means." From this Summary of Fads there cannot be any Doubt of Great-Britain % Right to the whole of the Country called Acadie ox Nova-Scotia, And as the Sovereignty and Pof- feffion of it has been fo often changed by Treaty and other Means, one would have imagined it impoflible any Doubt could have arofe about the Extent of it. But it is certain that France has ever fince the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle infilled on its antient Boundaries to have, never extended beyond the South-Eajlern Peninfula, and have accordingly taken poflefTion of all the Country we claim as Acadie or Nova-Scotiay except the above Peninfula, which is not one third of the Country both Crowns always pofTefled for Aca- die or Nova-Scotia before and fince its precife Bounds were afcertained in confequence of the Treaty of ^r^a^^, as ap- pears by both Englijh and French Hiflorians, &*€. tho' no Bounds were exprcffed in the Treaties of St. Germain and Breda, However, a Difpute arifing in the Execution of the Treaty of Breda^ a Difcuflion of its Limits enfued, and it was then flipulated by the two Cromns^ that St. Law- rr •• \ C rence "■'»«f»fE^("Wfr?«»- MM [ 10] rence Hrver Jbould be its Northern Boundary ^ the Gulf of St, Lawrence and Str eight of CanCo its Eaflem^ Cape Sable- {hone its South-Eafttrny and the River Pantagoit itt Weftern, Which Limits France always poflcffed as Acadie^ and it ever retained down to the Treaties of Utrecht and Aix La ChapelUy when it was eonfif med to the Crown of Great-Britain with its antient Boundaries ^ as fully as ever France pojfeffed it by Treaty or other Means* Now to proceed regularly and clearly with re/pedl to his Majejlys further Rights in North-America, I ftiuft date the Procef^ of Grants, ^f. ^^^^t^r^i^-vv^. His Ma- Cabot*s Grants being dropped. Sir Walter Raleigh did ■Ifght^to^an obtain of Queen Mzabeth in 1584 a Patent for exploring from thT!2' and planting Lands in North- America^ not actually pof- pl'^Oce-feffed by any C^rj/?/w» Prince : and wheh he returned to ?wecn 3^4 d" England the next Year, the whole Country from Cape Flo- iltJ^^ ' * rida to St, Lawrence River, which before went under the general Name of Florida, was called Virginia, in Honour of the Virgin ^een, there being yet no diflind Settle- ments which gave particular Names to the feveral Places: along the Coaft. Upon Sir Walters Attainder, his Patent heing forfeited, feveral Adventurers petitioned King Jantes L for Grants, and a Grant was 'made in 1606 to two Com- panies (one of London, the other of Brijlol) in one Char- ter, of all the Country lying from thirty-four to forty-five Degrees of Northern Latitude on the Atlantic Ocean, and the Iflands within a hundred Miles of the Sea Coaft, and &ons t " ] ^om the faid Cosfi. inland indefinitely, if not actually pof- fefled by any Chriflian Prince or People. Neither the French nor any other Cbrijiian People, but us, had at that Time any Settlements South of St. Lawrence River, but in Acadie^ where the French begun to fettle two Years before the Date of this Charter, as appears by De Laet of Antwerp, by Per€ Charlevoix^ and fevcral other of their, and by feveral of our own, Hiftorians. Nor had the French, as appears from the fame Authority, made any Difcoveries or Settle- ments at this Time higher up the River St. Lawrence than Montreal* Nor had any European Power, but the Eng' lijh^ any Settlements in any Part of this Grant at that Time. The Grant extends upon the Atlantic Ocean from the Cape now called Cape Fear to the Mouth of Pantagoit RivCT, which is the Southern Boundary of the Country we claim as Acadifi or Nova-Scotia. Indeed P, Charlevoix fays, M. Afo»/J entered Kennebeck, or Sagadahoc River, which is within this Grant, in 1604 j but he alfo fays, he and all the Adventurers with him immediately removed to Port'Royal iw Acadie^ and in i6q6 they all returned to France^ ., Both the London and Briftol Companies began, imme- r- ■ - - diately after their Qrant, to make Adventures in Trade and Settlements. The London Company purfuing them to the Southward of the Bay called Chefapeaky and the Briftol Company to the Eaftward, beginning at Saga- dahoc River. ^|^n^^^i,|,..|^ viit^-'^r^^^^A '.33 lo ^bi:>« v.: '■P«»*I*T^ CiTSxgrai?! .t .vw^^. The North Line of this Grant crofles the North Side of St. Lawrence River a little above Sagueney, and running due Weft flrikes the North Side of Lake Superiour, to which the South Boundary of the Hudfons-Bay Company's Territories do extend. But as the French were before this fettled at Rebeck, Trois Riviers, and feveral other Places on the North Side of St, Lawrence below Montreal, which J . K are ya'i w^- .^ -*, ^^tn-^-v-^-ttit'^ iijn- iii—iiii I *| i^'-atemtm^^- -■•T;-w,asiif«JSa ''* f*3l . are within this Grant, all that Part of the Grant to the Northward of the River St. Lawrence as high as Montreal is invalid. But as they had not made any Settlements prior to this Grant higher than Montreal^ they have no Right to any part of the Country to the Southward of the River St. Lawrence below Montreal^ nor to the South- ward of the North Bounds of this Line above Montreal, ^ This New-England Company made many Grants of Land, one of which, in particular, in 1629, gives to Sir Ferdinando Gorge and Captain Mafon all that Trad of Land lying from the Heads of Merrimack River, and Sa- gadahoc or Kennebeck River to the Lake Iroquois^ now called by the French Champlain^ and the River which empties itfelf from the faid Lake into St. Lawrence River oppofite to St. Peter s-Bay^ to be called Laconia. Part of this Grant was afterwards fold to the Agent of the Maffachufet' s-Bay Province, and confirmed by the Crown in 1639. The London and New-England Companies, being dif- appointed in their Hopes of vaft Wealth from their Pro- jeds, furrendered their Patents to the Crow7t in 1635. And in the Beginning of Charles L new Grants were pro- cured : but by reafon of the enfuing Civil Confufions and Diviiions in England the Conditions of thefe new Grants were not complied with, and People fet down at plea- fure and at random. Upon the Reftoration of Charles IL thofe Settlers petitioned for peculiar Grants, and had them ; but ',< B hi. itVii '•si.^'':>^m^^^- ; ! :' t ^ HisM.ijcfty's lurthirRiaht [ 14 ] but it is not pertinent to my prefcnt Objed to trace Royal and other Grants for Lands to the Northward of 34 D. of Latitude any further. But it is neccflary to mention three other Species of his Majefly% Right to a very large Part of the fame Country, which he decives from European and Indian Treaties. While the London and Briflol Companies were engaged to the Pro- ij^ trading and fettling at the two Extremes of their Grant, vinccs of D o » &c"!ji!dti'i ^^^ Swedes, Fins, and Dutch in 1609 crept into that part !aryandcon-of i^ lying from the Lat. of about 38 D. to the Lat. 41 D. UoSntiy of ^' comprehending the prefent Provinces of New-Yorky lioufou^"' ^^'^-J^^f^^y ^^^ ^^^^ P^^^ ®^ Pennfyhania, In 161 8 '^hoqu7l!^^ the Governor of Virginia had feveral Bickerings with the Dutch, &c. fettled in, and trading to, this Country, as interfering with his Mafter's Grant. However this ferved 410 other purpofe than to frighten the Swedes and Fins under the Protection of the Dutch, who foon after had a Governor appointed by the States of Holland, and the Country was called Ne^'o- Netherlands. The Court of Eftgland complained, but the States difowned it, and faid it was only a private Undertaking of an Amflerdam Weft-India Merchant. Upon vvliich King James L com- miflloned a Governor, and called the Country New-.Albion, to which the Dutch fubmitted. But during the Civil Troubles in England in Charles I. Reign, and in the Ad- miniftration of x}as. Republican Party, the Dutch again efta- bliflied a Government there, till it was reduced by Eng- lafid I i- •(>l<#*»k**^'. ngaged Grant, lat part . 41 D. v-Torky 1 1618 dth the itry, as } ferved id Fins T had a md the ourt of ind faid fterdam I. com- -.Albion^ le Civil the Ad- lin efta- jy Eng- land i [ r5 ] land in 1664. In 1667 at the Peace concluded at Breda ^ between England and the United Provinces^ it was (lipu-r lated by the third Article of the Treaty that the Englijh were to remain in Pofleflion of that whole Country, in Exchange for the Country of Surinam^ which the Dutch had taken from the Englijb, In 1672 the Dutch reduced New-'Albiony but the Year following, at the Treaty of Weftminfiery it was reftored to England^ with whom it has continued ever fince. Neither the Treaty of Breda nor that of Wejlminfiery fpecifies the Bounds of Neuo^ Netherlands y or NeVL-Mion^ but in general Terms cedes to England all the Rights and Poffcffions of the Dutch in North-America, , ^ , , '*^ The firft Year the Dutch begun to fettle in this Coun- try, they entered into an Alliance with, and by Treaty did acquire the Protection and Sovereignty of, the Five Nations of /Www then living on tli? South Side of St. Lawrence River, oppofite to Montreal ; who ^e known to the Englijh Under the Names of Mohawksy Oneydoes^ OnondagaSy CayugaSy and Senekas ; and to the French by the general Name of Iroquois, This Alliance and Sub- jedion continued without a Breach on either Side till 1664, when the Englijh upon the taking of New-Netherlands y which from this time was called New-Torky immediately ^•entered into a ftrid Friendihip with thofe Five NationSy which has held without the leail Breach to this Day. >UaC The ii, ■ 1 ' \ .:^ ^-.'-^^M^m^s^spm' -^ 9jtgtrv-w.«r— / f t '6 ] • The Fhe Nations by this Treaty acknowledged to the Governor of New-Tor k at Albany^ " That they had given ** their Lands and fubmitted themfelves to the King of " England^ And in a few Years after they dedrcd and had the Duke of YorK% Arms put up at each of their Caftlcs, as Tokens of their being Subjects and under his Protc»- »-asfJJHjW«»-"* =—•!.,«.-•.. <~^.»i|-|Hil«.».Miii H" ' i mt. preflcd themfdves fo the Governor and Commiilioners of New-York in thefc Words, " Brethren, you tell ui the ^* King of England is a very great King, and why Should " not you join with us in a very juft Caufe, when the " French yavci with our Enemies in an unjuft Caufe ? O Bre- " thren, we fee the Reafon of this ; for the French would " fain kill us all, and when that is done they would carry " all the Bea'Oer Trade to Canada^ and the King of Eng- " land would lofe the Land likewife ; and therefore, O " great Sachem^ beyond the great Lake, awake and fuf- • *• fer not thofe poor Indians that have given them/elves and " their Lands under your ProteSiion^ to be deftroyed by " the French without a Caufe." All which Grants they further confirmed by feveral fubfequent Treaties, and a Deed of Sale of all their hereditary and conquered Coun- try, for a valuable Confideration, in 1701. Which was alfo renewed 172.6; and again, very particularly fo, at a Treaty held at Lancajler in the Province of Pennfylvania in 1 744. But as Treaties with the Natives of America by European Powers may not be thought fufficient, or be ad- mitted,, in fupport of a Claim to Property and Jurifdic- ': tion, in a European national Difcuflion, unlefs confirmed "by a European 1 leaty between contending Nations for American Rights, I have not quoted any, or fhall I, (though there are many fubfifting in almoft every part of his Majeflys N or th- American Dominions, as much to the .Pwrppfe of Property and Jurifdidjon as thofe of the Five D Nations) i^ ^:'^ym^ ^m%ig m' -«Br— '^-" / 'I [ ,8 ] Nations) but thofe Chat relate to the Jrofms't b^cauffe they are fully and amply confirmed by France to Great-Britain in the Treaties of Utrecht and Aix La Chapelle. They are tliere acknowledged to be Subjects of, and the Dominion over them is ceded to, the Crown of Great-Britain i and it is flipulated that neither they, nor any other InJianSy who were friends to the Englijh, {hould be molefted by Xh& Frenchy but that the Subjedb of both Cr^twm fhould enjoy free Liberty of going and coming to the Cohnies of either, for the Promotion of Trade as a common Benefit. But as the Treaties of Utrecht and j^x La Qhapelle refer the Dominion of each Crown over all t^, Indians in North-America^ except the Iroquois^ to be fettled by Commiflaries after the Ratifications were ex- changed, the Treaties that have from time to time been made by his Majefiy\ Governments in North^America with the Indians^ will be of great Service if ever this Affair fhould come upon the Tapis. And if our Governor! had ^nown the Importance of fuch Treaties, they might have improved the Opportunities they have had with more Clearnefs and Precifion than they have done in fome In- ftances, both as tq Dominion and Propcrty^v^jvl n m ,nnir '' 'Thofe Cefllons of the Five Natiyj9is confirmed by France to Great-Britain are of infinite more Importance than they appear to be at firft fight ; for they are further and con- clufive Proofs for the utter Exclufion of any French Pr&- tcnfions to the Five great Lakes^ all the Cmntry between the \. 1*9 3 the Laiify^aff de^RiiMf^and Cbun^rynfth Ohio. ; ./hdM i?/i/? £a:/^»/^7irr//^ry^untfy. •^ The French Hiftorians tell us, that when they fettled atTheHeredi- Canada in 1603, which is £ix Years before th& Dutch j)or-oMhe°"/'/X fcilcd themfelvts of New-Netherlands, now called N^vo^ Torky the Iroquois lived' in that Part of the Country ex- tending upon the South Banks of the Riv r St. Lawrence from the Mouth of the Iroquois, 6v Sorrel, Rivtr, as-hi^ up St. Lawrence as to be oppofite to the Weft End of Lake Sacrement, and from the Weft End-of the faid Lake thro* that and Lake Iroquois or Champlain, ^nd Iroquois River to its Mouth, which is oppofite to St. Peter* s-Bay, This being the earlieft Account any Europeans have of them, We may fairly conclude this to be their hereditary or native Countrv. ' ^'''^ lava vxoi^iV •iii.xlt^^ijlf; v.-^lRib^ffif/n v»'>4i • c The fame Authority acquaints us, that they found the The con- Iroquois engaged in a juft and neceflary War with the -^6/*, -they have ever fince made tkdr • D 2 chief Kr-' yf>y»w w i f »» •T-paiaj^r- - ^ ^ .: \ 1 ■ . I > [20] chief Refidence, and do now continue in the Pofieflion of; except thofe Parts they have fold to the Engli/h and made particular Grants of, efpecially upon Mohawks Ri- ver, upon Lake Ontario^ where the Englijh Fort Ofwego was built in 1727, and thofe Parts abput the Forks of the Rivers Delaware^ SufquehanahzxA Ohio in the Province of Pennfyhania that they have fold to the Proprietors of that Province. Upon their Removal to this Part of the Coun- try the Satanasy or Shaouonons^ ; who then lived round the Lakes Ontario and £r/V, warred, againft them; but the/ro- quois foon drove them 9Ut of the Country, and they fled as far to the Weftward as the Banks of the Mijftjfippi. By this Breach with the Sat anas the Iroquois improved fo much in the Art of War, and fo far recovered their Spirits, which were before deprcfled by the Algonkins^ that now they thought themfelves a Match for theri;i : ^v^d a.s Indiam ne- ver forget an Injury, nor reft till ^heir Revenge is fatiated, they immediately after their Vidory over the Satanas re- newed the War with ihsAlgonkins, in which they had fuch Succefs as not only, to recover their hereditary Domi- nions, but alfo to drive the Algonkins- from tlieir own Country to that where ^ehck now ftands, and never refted till they had deftroyed tlie whole Nation, except a few who put themfelves under the Protedion of the French at Rebeck ; and thofe that have defcended from them that efcaped the Fury of the Iroquois are ftijl in the Neigh- bourhood of Rebeck ; but the Algonkins have never been confidered t^Hi-;) a ^ . vrlft trK^m-?-': nrM In' «> / Fire Arms and Tools of Iron and Steel having never been ffeen in this Part of the World till the French introduced them, the Novelty and Ufefulnefsof them, together with their alluring Toys a.nd Ttn/els, and the French Demand for the Indians Furs and Skins ^ brought aU the Indians between Rebeck 2sA the Lakes, except the Iroquois^ to the French to trade : but as the French had proteded the Algonkins and adually affifted them againft the Iroquois^ they could not be prevailed upon to have any Commerce with the Frencby who thereupon commenced the Allies of all the In- dians that came to ^ebeck^ and prevailed on them to join in a War againft the Iroquois^ whom they were now deter- mined to extirpate, never dreaming of much Difficulty to accomplish it, as they had the Advantage of Fire Arms and a vaft Superiority in Numbers of Indians^ Oi ?r i ':r..'i The firft Adion after this Coalition happened upon tlie Banks of Lake Iroquois^ and proved to the Difadvantage of Xh.!^ Iroquois j for the French kept themfelves undifcovcred till the Moment they begun to join battle, and their Fire ,/^rms furprized the./r(7^?/ow fo much that they were put into Cpnfufion. This Vidlory and the Fire Arms. giving the French Indians new Confidence, they became fierce and infolpnt, defpifing the Commands of their Captains, an4 Pi>'ftU Occafions rafhly attacked the Enemy, who were j>bliged to keep themfelves upon the defenfive, and to p^S^rt:?:-.- r /^ ¥- \ I malce up wlii&t tlicfy Tvanted in Force by Stratagem land a ftilful Management of the War, in which they fucceeded io well that they deftroyed great Numbers of the Enemy, and loft but very few of their own People. One Stratagem they made ufe of in this critical Conjun&ure, was an Ac*- ceptance of an Offer made them by the Governor of Ca^ nada to fend fome French Priefts among them ; but asfoom as they got them in their Pofleffion, they made no other Ufe of them than as Hoftages to oblige the French to ftand neuter. And being now furnifhed with Fire Arms from the Dutchy they gave full fcope to their Revenge againft their Enemy Indians, The firft they met with were the ^atoghies or Hurons^ as the French call them, and the Remains of the Algot^ins^ whom they defeated in a dread- ful Battle fought within a few Miles of Rebeck, The French own if the Iroquois had known tlieir Weaknefe at that Time, they might have eafily deftroyed their whole Colony.' ^^^ i«ta*^i. • iQiis^ja 3iiii-Qfi I This Defeat in Sight of the French Settlements ftruck Terror into all their Indian Allies, who at that Time virere very numerous, becaufe of the Trade which fupplied them With many ufeful: Conveniences. The Niptceriniens who then lived on the North Banks of St. Lawrence River, fled upon this to the Northward as far as Lake Abitibis, The Remainder of the ^atoghies or HurenSy with the Utaiva'- was and feveral other Nations^ feampdred off South- Weft- ward. But foon after they began to bein wdnt of the ' European ■M ' ^ ' W w i ^l mmm r *3 J Europeof^ Cbmmodities from the French^ and in order to fopply themielves they returned to Sluebeck ; and by this Means the Places of their Retreat was difcovered to the Iroquois^ whofe Revenge not being yet fatisfied, they im- mediately after attacked them in their new Settlements, and by the Year 1650 entirely extirpated or adopted all the Nations of Indians that refided on both Side the River St. Lawrence above ^ebeck^ and on both Sides the Lakes Ontariay Erie, and Huron :. which they never could have accompliihed had they not ftridly followed one Maxim formerly in ufe among the Romans, viz. the encouraging the People of ot^her Nations to incorporate with them. Like them alfb when they have fubdued any People and fatiated their Revenge, by fome cruel Examples, they adopt the reft, who if they behave well enjoy the fame Rank and Privileges with their own People, fo that fome of their Captives have afterwards become their greateft Sa- chems and Captains. In 1672 they conquered and incor- porated the lUinois /««//^«i refiding upon the River IlUnoiSy which rifes near Lake Michigan, and difembogues into the MiffijffipL And they alfo then incorporated the Satanas that they fonnerly drove from the Lakes Ontario and Erie*. And the Rivers lUimit 'iSid Mpffiffipi make the Weftern Bounds of their Conquefts, and of their Deed of Sale to the Growa of Grettt^Britain in 1701. They alfo coa*- quered^ the JVew*Tork or Hudfm^River '• Indian^^ the D^ knmre^ Siufquehctmhi Obio,i and otker Imlians in the Provinces DiQ [ 84 ] Provincts of New-Torky Pennjyhiafikfy Mary iapul znd Virginia hy 167.3. The Twightwees^ or Miamis^ i^efidin^ on the River Oubache- or St,. yerom, they cojiquered -iii 1685. ' ■ / - 'taf 3^ " ■"' '■• ■ >i lof! s^jfiax-o H tjlcr ^ , . ,^■w,^•^J/Cl , In fhbrt the neareft Ifjc^/am,'tSis'thhy werj attacked,' fled to thofe that were further off, where they followed themj: . and not only entirely fubdued the vanquifhed, but themr that received them. And they carried their Arms and Conquefts as far as New- England and the Utdwawas River to the Eaftward, to Hudfon s-Bay Company's Ter- ritories to the Northward, to the Illinois and; Mijftffipi Rivers Weftward, and to Georgia Southward, adopting thofe whom they did not deftroy, and making them their Vaffals and Tributaries. The Tufcaroras, that formerly lived in Carolina^ upon their Expulfion from thence by the People of Carolina in 1 7 1 1 , fled to the Iroquois^ and were incorporated with, and to this Day refide among, them. And fince that they are generally called the Six Nations, The Cowetas or Creek Indians that refide in Georgia are in the fame Friendfliip with them. ,;: v..ri.<, Thefe Conquefts of the Five Nations have not proved temporary, or merely nominal, for all the Nations round them have for many Years entirely fubmittcd to them, and pay ; a yearly Tribute to them in Wampum, or Indian Money ; they dare neither make War nor Peace without their Con- fent, except thofe who quit their Nations, and get under the immediate Protection and Support of the French, Two * * -^ m • .u old .JlHtU W i i w -ixi %M:M6nicohat^3nfy iQb ^\it every Y^lrLov [two to receive tliis Tribute; ai>d thsSe Saebems aire dftoO' feen ifTuing their Orders with ar ^bitrary. an Authority as a Rrnian 'Dilator. ■'.<^ •^.•\ a;) Vi:fnLoOL;i>. 'isA*\ ;,J; \ that now they have twenty Forts, bcfides BbckrHoufes,, or Stockade Trading, Houfes^ and one Fort thi^Jately look S H fronai U9l' fnam 118 on the O^h River, in the Country of the Five Nat/cm whkh P^Oftce ceded to the Crown of Great-Bri- tairi^x the Treaty of Utrecht, and confirmed by that of Aix La Chafelle, Which finiihes what I have to remark on hi* Mfi^efty*8 Rights and Poffeflions to the Northward of Latitude jf4 I> ;< and now foi* our -Rights to the South- ward of that Ladrodtfj^ •')':: ? ^^ Wc dot only firft explored the Eaftern Coaft from C^^e HisMajcfty's - _ ' Right from Florida to the N^th Polar Circle, hut from Sir fFaher^q^-to-i^ D. N. Lat. Ralei^h\Gr?^t'\^i^%^, the Goaft to the Southward of ChefapeaihBay has been conftantly vifitcd, and moft of our firft Settlements in T^orth^ America wctt to the Sbuthward ci^that Bay, and in that PartnoW caHcd North-Catolina \ the Particulars and Succefs of which may be fccn at large in moft Colle6:ions of Voyages to, and Hiftorics of, North- America. From thefe Settlement* the People fpread to the Southwfetd of N. Lat. 34 D. artd efti^lifhed themfelve* without any Grant from the Crown, but what had been fb'feited or refutned, till 1630, when King Charles ^^ grained' aH the Country and the Mauds on the Siea Coaf! 6f the Atlantic Ocean lying between 31 ID. and 36 D. N. Lat. and from thence due Weft to the South Seas, to Sir Ritbert Heath b^ the Name of Carolina, -onfiTJnH ofiT iri^' tM 5 lling <%arles I L granted X and 36 D. 30 M. N. Lat. and ftDraiiicncetlue Weft to the Pacific Ocean, no Chrijlian Prince [30 Prince or People intervening, by the Niime of Carolina, Tills Grant comprehends the prcfent Provinces of North and Sotab Carolina and Georgia^ and all the Province of Louiftana^ fince ufurped by the French, In 1698 Col. Welch travelled from Charles-Towny South-Carolina^ to the Mijfijftpi River juft below Old Kappa^ where Ferdinand SotOy a Spaniaad from Florida^ firft difcovered the Miffijfipi in 1 54 1. In 1698 alfo, ^iv Daniel Cox intended to re- vive a dormant Title to the Country granted as above to Sir Robert Heathy but finding the Eaftern Coaft already planted, he fent two Ships into the Gulf of Mexico^ under the Command of Capt. William Bond, to explore the South Coaft of Carolina^ and to make a Settlement there. Ortc of the Ships entered the Mijftjftpi River, and afcended it above one hundred Miles, taking PofTefTion of the Coun- try in the King's Name, leaving in feveral Places the Arms of England for a Memorial thereof. And Capt. Bond took feveral Draughts of the Coaft and River as far as he difcovered. And it was not till the Year following, when Sir Daniel Cox was foliciting a new Patent in Eng" landy that M. D* Iberville on the Part of France hit upon the Mouths of the MiJJiJJipi, and built a Fort at one of the Entrances, as would have been done the Year before by the Englijh if one of their Ships had not deferted them. From thefe Particulars relating to the South Coaft we de- rive a further Right to the Country lying between the 29 and 36 D. 30 M. N. Lat. And on the Weftern Side of ^arm'l m lapt. \ far ^[ 31 ] ^ it tliat it bounded by the Pacific tkiifiy we ftili have a further Right, founded on the Difcoveries of Sir Fruncis Draki in 1578, who explored the whole Sea Coaft, took formal PoiTefTion for England^ and called the Country New- Albion. v^V) Yo aw'Ina , > To great Part of this Cotintry both the French and Spa- mards have not only laid claim, but have availed them- fclves of ; therefore I fhall now consider the Merits of their Claim. i During the Inattention of England to Norih»Anter/cay The spa- nlartls Right from C^o/'s Difcovciy of it in 1496 to Sir Walter Ra-^oFkrUa. leigFs V^tent in 1584, the Spaniards got footing in this Territory on the Eaftern Coaft, and in 1565 utterly ex- tirpated the French out of it, who had been endeavouring- to eftablifti a Colony therefrom 1555. And the Spa- niards were in Poffeflion of a large Part of Carolina under the Name of Florida when the Treaties of 1 667 and 1670 were concluded between England and Spain, By thofe Treaties both Nations were to hold whatever each then poffeffed in America^ whereby Spain has a Right to part of Carolina y ftill called Florida*, In 1702 and 170,? •r ' ' the • A-prtp9St by the fame Authority, we have an undoubted Right to the Bays of Cmi- Ptacht and Honduras j for at the Condufion of thofe Treaties we had Colonies actually planted by the Government of famaka at both thofe Bays. Upon which his Majcfty's Claims to both, of them, and his Subje£h' Right to cut Logwood^ &c. there, is as juflly founded as the Spanijh Claim is to any part of Florida. But notwithftanding the Spaniards have drove us from both, and are efFcdlually preventing us from recovering our fboting^ there by fortifying and planting Cclonieu ■> 'i ■a • A' I \^\y^i:,m,i^^h-(?a^it^ which i> juft f ft the 9«irth\ifftrd vi^iT^thcjlSojitJi BquiidlMy. -of Georgiay by his Majefty's Subjeds of Carolina^ at|d wpi^M hav9 b^eii utterly ^xtjjya^ed o^t'X)f fhriday if Governor M<79rd had not pfed{4tftte\y raited the i^ege oi ^gt^m at the Appfi^rancoiiof :]i:wo JSj^4^|!& Frigates ivhjcj)^ eould have done him no Injury. And in 17 14 the Creik Iti-^ dians compleat^d their B^^tirpatUni out of Florida, the Town of A^gufim Onljy e«iepfeiJ^ .Tb^j^fpre in j 7.38^ when the Qoiurt of (Sj^<« claiilaed' ji vaft Trae Sputht Branch of St. yohns River. But the Charter for Georgia- granted to the late Trujieesy and ike Commiflion ai^din-- ftrudions lately given to the Governor of Geeirgiay docs not extend the South Bounds of this Province beyond the South Branch of the River Altamaha ; fo all Uie Country to the Southward of the Altamaha to the South Branch of St. yohns River continues part of South-Carolina Province. In the late War with Spain the Spaniards ereded fevcral Forts and Settlements to the Northward of St. yohns Ri- ver, which General Oglethorpe demolifhed. But I have idvice from Georgia that fince the Peace of Aix La Cha'^ pelle [31] felle tlicy hive again built fcvcr^l Forts. to the Ncrfthwar4 of St*:^(7/&»!s River, and laft Summer a cpnfidei:able Num-. ber of Families came from the Havanab to fettle upon iiait Appdation Fields, the fineft Country in the World perhaps, which are abfolutely to 1 the Northward of* the: Stipulation in 1738, and confequently within his Majefty*s Territories. This Ufurpation, with their unwarrantable Expulfion of us from the Bay of Honduras^ and the fearching and feizing many of our Ships upon the High Seas, purfuing no other Tramc but from one part of his Majiefty^s Dominions to another, iince the Peace of Aix La Chapelky feems to portend the fame Evils to us that we now experience from French Encroachments and Depre- dations^ if we are not fpeedily reftored to our juft Rights and Pofleflions, and effe6bually fecured againft future In- fults and Encroachments of the like fort. But if on the contrary we tamely fubmit to them, what are we not to expe6k next ? Does not pocketing one Affront or Injury always give an Invitation to another ? Has not fatal Ex- perience convinced this Nation of the Truth of this ? P. Charlevoix fays, in 1555 the French turned their Thcciaim Thoughts to planting of 'Colonies in the South Part ^"caiZaM. North-America^ and in 1562 Admiral Colonic undertook a Settlement in Florida^ but did not fuccced. In 1562 alfo, M. Rebeaut went to Florida^ and built a Fort at Port-Royal^ and called it Charles-Fort^ eflabliihed a Co- lony there which he afterwards deflroycd, and returned to '-^ P France )'.T.->^ he; V --^ H ,„yj Bi-aijar.. ik«^ ,:\ .1 Kl f 14 ] tranc€ m 1 5^3. Iii i J63 M. Lduditua went to Fiofida {[nd built a •Fdtt'^ick>heioallcdlCiira/MnV and «went dn iettling tiil 1565 A^ien Don MinmdBz defbo^ned thd whole Eftkbliihrnem, iihoe which the Wr^fkb hsc9c i;iat had the leaft footing on the £a(lern », where they liaveiifufped 9 vaft Territory beiongimg to t^e Csown of Gr^at^Mritaift^ and planted a powerful Colony, to which they di^rejgiYeii the name ot Louijtam,' : hmrm\ oj nvin ^^usYt^^ >vi The Origi!! By M. JoUet\ Journal of tlie French Enterprizes to. dif- of the "fSU cover and get footing on the ^great "Bls^i Mifftjj^i^ it.?p? andSmic- pears that he in 1673 travdllBd^onsi CV?/}^^ over l^a^ Mjjijjipi, or and difcdvercd fame ,part ofrthe River Miffifftfi^ xx^io^ wiiich he feturned. The next i^r^^rc^ Adventurer was thg Sieur De^La Sa/k, who in the Years 167^, (i6&o^ ci.6.8;?, and 1 683, went from Lake Ontflriot through the J ^Isiie^ Erie^ Hurofjy and Mkiiganj and the River Illinois ^ tP the Miffijfflpi^ \and returned to Canada:. In 1684 -he went from Rocfjelle in OJd France j with tWQ hundred Soldiets^-in hopes of finding cut an Entrance into the Mijffiffipi 'm the Gulf of Mexico, but he miffed it, and fell in with the Bay o( St. Bemardt or Sit. Lo««, between :2 8 JD. and 29 D. N. Lat. jufl to xht Southward of the Soutih Line of Carolina Charter granted by Charles II. in 1^665. w Here J a #?>»# «>J^UJ \». .irtd f as 1 (bit pff the Month of the Miffi^pi^ hit wa& murdered by. hit o\yA People, who afterwards abandoned the Fort at St^ ^Hardf . and went tx) Canaday without diicovering the Entrance ^tp thp Mijftffffju , Tjiuf fell that bpld^ ^^ter^, pirifij!^i and valuable Gentleman the Sieur De La Salk^ who wa$ an Kfenowr to his Country^ after whieh the Mip^ ^^^iwas^ncgle^^d.l^: the French iiW the latter Epd of 1^98, when M. D\Iheniilk made an Attempt tp difcov^ its Mouth in the Gulf of Metcko^ and in 1699 he di4 difcoyer an Entrance, and byjilt a Fort n^ar the MputhSj In 1701 the next Efkblifliment was made at the Mobil^^ '**• Riirer, • la j 702 lile Dauphin begnn to be fettled. Put all thefe Settlements took no form till 1708. In 1712 £.w/i XlVi panted the Sieur Crozat a. Patent for all Lands boutided by ^ew-M^icOi and by the Lands of the Enghfit of Carolina^ all the Settlements, Ports, Havens, Rivers, and principally the Port and Haven of the Ifle EkMphin^ heretofore caUed M^^ere ; the River of, 3t. Z/0«/j,. heretofore called Afi^5^/?/, from the Edge of the Sea as far as the Illinois ;. together with the. River of St* ^phitip^ heretofore called the Mijfourys'y and of St* jferom^ ' heretofore called the Oubache, With all the Counitries, Territories, Lakes withiu Land, and the Rivers which fall dirediy or indire the Northward of twenty nine Degrees of North Latitjude, ju^ a Fremhtmin would have to one of the King^ Fore^ls in this tjland upon coming from fr»;w:^,; walking thro* it, riin^ingiCjicily a Notice ftuck up at each End that no Perfon niUjft_ enter ther,^ without a Tick^tifronp^ the Ranger* jaii4r*be|^ i^sfiirning^to ;Vhe Middle and impudently fttti^ig,hiij|>(yf:d©\»r|^^i,;i,vv .grlfi . 3Gtt ia'o As to the Sieur De J^aS£l^yjyi{tQy^xyoiM.B«rnardi^^ Frmh or Su^Lofiis. Pay, totheSoutbvvwdofi tbe So\Jf h^ Bounds in Mtt/- o( Caro/ma, and the French claiming it in confequenqetif ufurpation that Difcovery, , iphiehoves the Spaiiiard^ to ^tteiid to rfiat, niards, snd rcDiCtc witiV efpecially as it is within three hundred Mile$ of fclitte pf thetheworft jich|eft ^Mines- of. N&up^idexicoy, whiijh . perhapii^hJWji. willex-rces to the ppri^^ce, b^^ longj^^the. pf^ench hiM?e. as kecouaii Appetite '^Z'* fc^r ,a?, , finy ^Spaniard whatever. And no. Man ■ I believe .can ^treat this as ^ chimeracal S;L}fpicioi\, when herecolledis the ^opft^nt ;^nqroacljm€nts tfee French haue ;aBade upon ^^Spa^rds. in the Inland. oiJiiJpamQliiipfiSis^^JPoniJ^e ever fince they got footing there, and upon all tlieirNcighr hours in all Parts of the Globe at all Times.,., jBut if they lhoii|d not . further encrpac^ '^^..}^^:^^.^^'^di m J^ew- Mexico, tf they fettle St. Bernard" s-Bay^ there cannot he any pain. «*?♦ <:t*^^1^^vsr^ '■VH'iti ' ^ »-(i.i., ■ tiiw .r.:'>i ■■, . •!•. l^art rf the 1* rMc bf J<^^-iteirfrbi y fe^ tijrtfecir aittfeib^'i At the Afg^^/, tlky^ercainc intd-i'ftctty-h;iildfciA^ m^ dt it S^Af^ ^^'i^l^f^f^ tht Captiife of ttid tioklen^Bl^ firoilK thei iM^;^ 'Midi Ship had ah tmttienfcSuhtof Monty, oh Bbard thiit ihrf fook ih at the Mrj^jfipii ^ And tM^ could not come ftom thdhce if tfhtf F>r«;^£^ feid fibit' ^cfcatrigcd thdt BuhiptaH Manufadarcs for it'i^th^ht Nm'Mejtwant; TKt^^ it is of th6 utnfioft Itttfk)ltM:eto Spain to dc{)rirc thrtn of t^t't^art^bf -NiW'Miiiidi^A^l^&jiitXiAiayk^ Wfiy they did not oBUgeFrtf;7C^fd^dktiik]MthisClaiih^at the'fVfidity of Utrkbi^ is vetjr ca/(ily atbbaoted for, when M^ recdfed dLoic^fx XlV^ had juft ptit his Gf ^idfoii 6» the Throne of ]^c«h the Ae^cwmt I have thtrt coH^^aed^f tfee^^iicci* vei^ies, Rights and Poffeffions of theG^bWh <^ Gf^eat^Brr- tain 'm J^hi^Jmerieaf itfia^kftrtha^A-^c^e^dtlrav^ any jqft PfeCcnilons^to any P^t-the^niyf- iffom the-N^ordk Pole to the tWenty^ninth Degi^efe of North. Latitude oh thf:.4timi»k (Odesin^ i«id from ^ence due Weft to the Squ/6 iS«wi;icxdepctoj/J/2>^and CTSte#?^ Newfrii^ila»c'^, 'ahd XXitkn^a ov rNew-^rancei And thefe th^y could never have hai any Firete«fionHd'iif M^rK^-^/^^/^^liad^^ brigir nal Difeoveryof l^t^ahhts befen pri^pef ly attended to by \(fm * By ^S^ haa By ['39 ] 8)r tlie abantt Siate itf his jK^9%*9 Itight^, \G(W4^ j$7rhe Limi» jidred down to / very hs|xraw iLvtSxH^ ic6ifi|mted wi.tk ^h^t N^-Fran^ the A'tf^ Hjiflorians and Maprmakers (undsr the Autho^W»r/&avIii. ri^ of iGove^nmtoC) delineate it tb.be. But there is oo'feives of hy J . . , . the NcglcfU F0un^9t:ibk for any Ftetente^to extcM thiisPr^/if^ totbkhiEngknd. N4rs^wird "ity^nd^b^ Ssuth fi(W«a^'^ ^'Hud^nVBay' Gpmfw^^s '^9ryfriilidri^4fffi New^Britaitt ^ L^abradore; /o tia W'ifiniBarid \bt^nd 'Lake Abitfltis^iave/ thi. (^pmtfi af ihi Uta/wa)w^ Rifaef^t 4ifimbogues klireQfy ^ppofite to MoH' tf eal ; to 4heS';;rj ,.5i'vA r?fij ;::■:( Va:. Oft ;jii!/i.rf 03 iiii'V ¥/fJii St. l^Mb< V i tiitv.i ^ri St Gef^maifitih xi^imthout any>Spetlfication'o£ljiii^s, x^^i HiB Majtft:^% But methinks I hear the fober and thinking Part of Man- Colonies ac- cufedof kind fay, '* Though our Claims may be valid againft Abufes, and" Fronce, how came we by thofe Rights and Pofleffions? Cruelties to '^ . *e Miansy « Thcy did not come to us by Inheritance ? Prior Difco- Crown of <« ygyy j^d Prc-occupancy gives only a Right to derelid: Title to v [«] Performance Therefore I ate vtriygkwl the Author of the State of tbe'BntiQi and^ttnth Colonies^ has no other Authority to found his Acciifation againil the Colonies in general than the exploded HifloriatUt or rather Anti-Hifio* rians^ oli North- America*^ and fbmd particular Inftantes, from other Authorities, ci Cruelty and Injuftice betweeii ptivate Peribns and the hxliam^ from which we ought not to form an Opinion of any People. rmH ht(f ' «f M;if • u _G 2 Ji.rjii'j iffttfliji' I thought VT<»»V^ l-T •' >. V •> i,Ki i:u: • Moft, if not all, our Maps alfo, preceding that by Dr. Mitchell, are very erroneoui and injurious to his Majtjiy'i jiill Right! ; and evert the Dta«r has rtot confined Canada^ or Ntw-Franccy and Span'tjh Florida, to their juft Limits. Such- erroneous Books and Maps, upoiiTufcH iit|N)rtttit Subjeds, artf of worfe Confer quence than People generally imagine ; for, bcfldes miileading-ourfelves, the French quote thejtj agairtft us, evefn in National Difcuflions, arAilfhorftics. Therefore I am fofry tb' fee the ^uthor of the State.i/the Hntlih tmiltrcuch.CoJonlts, &c who, I am confident, wrote A^ith a View to inform and ferve his Country, attempting to prove the Indcpentfeiiey of the .ftW (^li/wwof indiani, who in alAioft every. Treaty they^ever made with his\^**. jejlys Governments have aqknowledged themfelves the jbubjecb of Great-Britain, and hkve yfcld«»4" tfccir D*tnihibns to the Soveiicfgtity o*' tWs Crwt;* ; tho* it is true (olne of their Great Men, when they have been exafpetatcd ^on particular Occafions, haveinftfled iri Debate that they were born free, and would be fo. And this is the only Authority, with a<^ of th>irf\ n ih' iJ '( •i i -t •s t* i»i\j sit c ■JiVOIt lit t r.'. * )!■' i [ 4+ ] % I thought myfclf obliged to make this Preface, before I came to wipe off the unworthy Afperfions that have been caft on the firft Settlers of North- America. in dired Terms, fupportcd by Evidence. ■ '<^' '^^ ' > .'^i •) - U n^Hi < wvi^ His Majejiy'i Ouf firft Scttlcrs, far from Spanijh Injuftice and Cruelty, Nolth-Ame- fought to gain the Natives by ftrid Juftice in their Deal- ofthechargeings with them, as well as by all the Endearments of Abufes and Kindncfs and Humanity. To lay an early Foundation for the Nativtiy a firm and lafting Friendfhip, they afllired the Americans and his Ma- , , ,. , i v i i jeftv's Title that they did not come among them as Invaders but Pur- Jmnica ac-chafcrs, and therefore called an Aflembly of them together quired from 1111 1 j-rrri-r the Indians to enouirc who had the Right to difpofe of their Lands; and proved to be, ... \ > n 1 -r*- 1 1 juft and fair, being told It was their Sachems or Princes, they thereupon agreed with them for what Diftridts they bought, pub- licly and in open Market. If they did not pay a great Price for their Purchaies, yet they paid as much as they were worth. For it muft be confidered that Lands were of little Ufe to the Natives, and therefore but of little Value. They lived chiefly on Fifh and Fowl and Hunt- ing, becaufe they would not be at the Pains to clear and > break up the Ground. And as fbr their Meado\vs and Marihes, they were of no Ufe at all, for want of Neat Cattle to fecu them, of which there were none in thofe I^rts of the World. The Englijh had no fooner made fome neceflary Provifion for thtmfelves, than they applied their Cares for the Benefit of th& Indians, by endeavouring . to bring them from their wjW M^etpf^Lifc to the civil and ■ • [45] and polite Cuftoms of Europe. For this Purpofc thej marked out Land to build Indian Towns, fupplied them with all proper Utenlils for Building, prefcribcd to them Forms of Government, and above all omitted no Pains to bring i!icm acquainted with the Gofpel ; for whatever the firft ^venturers to North^America might be, the firft real Settlers were inddftrious, peaceable, con- fcientious Perfons, diffcnting from the Difcipline of t!ie" eftablifhed Church, though agreeing with it in DoEiriney who removed into thofc remote Regions, upon no other View than to enjoy the Liberty of . their Confcicnces without Hazard to themfelves, or Offence to others ; they were not Criminals, nor were they neceP- fitous ; nor had they, with their Brethren, made any At- tempt to overthrow the Church and State at Home, and being difappointed therein went to America to fecure a , Retreat for their Brethren, as the high-flying Mr. Salmon vainly imagines, and moft falfely and injurioufly aflcrts they did. And what I fay of them, their uniform pro- per Condud, and meek Principles of Obedience, on all Occafions, fully prove. After they were arrived fome time, and it was found neceffary, they made Laws to forbid any Perfon purchafing Lands without the Approbation of the Legiflature, to prevent the Natives being over- reached, or ill* ufed in their private Bargains : And thofc Lands, lying foft convenient for theim, have in mbft of our Colonies been made unalienable, and never to be purchafed out of '"^'"^ . their .:f r f ll t 4^ ] their Hands, th*n which i^©thij(»g cquld ^lowfc dertipnftra^ the Colonies Cfrrc and Concern for the Natives, And thi^ their Condud to them is fully and cofhelufively proyq4 hy (Sihe Laws of ahnoft every one of Q\\jMQr^^fteKkm Cot- lonies. Yet nothing Coukl oblige t|ik^ Indians t& Peace and Friendfliip in fame of oi^ Provinces. They were alarmed with ftyong J<5aJouiies.af the growing Powei: of the Engli/h^ therefore bogan a Wi^r with aRefc>lution to extirpate them^ hefore (J^y Iiad too well eftabliflied themielws, which forced our Peoi^le to purfue them through all their Re- ceflies, till they obliged them to enter into a folemn Treaty of Peace. Such however was the perfidious Nature of fome of the Atnerkan Savages, that they faon renewed their Hoftilities, though to tlieir own /atal CofL And ever fince the Settlement of the Frenck at Canada^ many Tribes (:£ Indians have almoft conftantly, both in Peace and War with the Tu'o Crowns^ been animated and affifted by them to war againil fome one or other of our Colonies, and havQ given them but few l^toxy^lf of Peace> and thpfe. very fhort ones, to this Day. .^ But nptwithftanding all the wi£e^ juil, and humane Coa- dud of oxxf Colonies, in a legislative Charader, which has alfo been extended to all Dealings and Intercourfe with, the Natives, I, am fenfible great Frauds and Abufes have, bc^a imp^d vpon the Indians by private People, in De^ iiaqi;^ of tl^ fevereft Laws, and the moil pundual Exqcu;* tjoii.qf tli|?p?^ q^,Offcnd^ wJt^^^^^J^^^ But; 5xF^ienccr •iiadJ ' ■ ,lv'j{] 7ii/r avtfi ffioi -A oi ^ 7 '>,-\, u..^ ,iiu"„';rw lii 'j/:,*. kw >*i«.il '..- -. i.^i. >i-Av,,» -v*^*!"- .^t>W.i\. ^^.vk ^.■. C H. A P.. . 11, nv'f'Si tJirli qu Lvliljl K . r * 1 ^ '^ If -a'i Lrii; ^tn^i^-jK a- France. .7 /i3ii; ^) A cfu 1 if:- HE firft JRr^X tlikt ever appeared in ^orth-j^me-'^^^^^^ rica^ according to their own Hiftorians, were {bmeJ^*J^CJ"'*» Fifhermen from iV« . La Roche difembarked at tKe Iffle oCSahle m jicadicy but made no Eftablifhment any where. In i6o2 Chauvin failed up the River ^. Laimence aftUiig^ as Trots Rivieres, .In 1603 Mpnn entered Porf -Action . in ^^C4uife^ viiifed the Me of $t. Croixy failed asjfar^ as Kenndec VSiwtt in New-Engiandy then went to Porr-Royal in Acadies and re- ^ , . turned to France in 1606 with all fcis Pepolefc In itox ; "-'^ tbe ir^w/& firft'bqgan to fettle on the l^w^r St. ILawremCy ib/'.irijn the J^ohH Side li&dj: TmsRiviereSykxid in 160^ at vnY. wf^efeck, ' They wf nt on fettlihg oh the Ni^rtK Side of tjie River only, between S>udecT^ni Montreal^ till 1629, when Sir David Ktrk rtducd ^e6eck and, Hts Depen- dences,^ called Canada or l^ew-Francey tq tlie Obedience of the Crffmn of Great-Britairiy which was reftored to Trance by Treaty in 1632, and they have remaiped in Pofleffipn x)f it ever fince. But certainly they derive no Right by this Ceflion to any furtheV Extent of Territory than what was taken from thein, which was only' the Di- ftriA and Settlements between ^e^ecksmd Mo^f real on the North Side of the River. Thisj Ts tlie Way Frahch slc- (\\mcd . Canada, the Limit? of .which I bave^ f^i^ted in The Right « ■ •' ^ '\A?»\ ><.». > •' . . of the Fm/.A^'age 39. ^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ,^ ^ inthecllf* By the Treaty of Uirechyfo tax «fldl4n^ <^prefl«4 i^ fiie iQovamor^s CommifTion, and all the Iflands in the Gulf of St. Lawrenu were ac* tirallxi ipdckicii 4a to.QflWfeiffi^^ of ^wn thc'^^'sCom- Power or ftipulating (he; X^l^ ^f -i 1^^ into the l^d* t£ dw Frttichi, that when ^Y&l^e^ fji Great-Britain, ^out defceaded to fliarB, what!ibe.had a Right tp the wh<^e of| Cs^-£r^(2ff widi then^jvarid ixillAttr hdthtr 8ide ilaouid idfttifyy but the whdl^ tttnatnctpeQ .^ the Conveniehcj of cadi r^:Fifhcr^» ^t\Fr&u^ML kk M got. th^ Aibdi^i^wndyr as to ^dudc^t fibai ^f pant tiTthii ifland; and to obtain the pernicious Liberty to fortify it. Mr. Moorcy one of the Lords for Trade and Plantations, was fo barefacedly corrupt upon the DifcufHon of this Point as to fay, to thofe who urged the Neceflity and Utility of ' excluding the Frend^kooL this Hhnd, " Muft the French ** then have nothing^?" "I* By the Treaty of Utneh alfo the French have Liberty The Frtmh to nfh within thirty Leagues of I^ova-Scotia to the Eaft-j^i thin thirty '' " Lt' ilJUCS of ward, beginning at the Ifle of Sable, And, t '■ H By Neva- Scotia f foimdcd on the Treaty of Utrtcht. (i \? i A [s«] Their Right By the faitie Treaty alfo, oiir GDtf tspt AdminiAradofi '""'t/i&^nttd to the /^ril^i6 Libet^ tb caicki^lifidieu^J^ «. urt N.'ufound- Inr.d deri kom the Treaty Utrecht. /^//derived mod advaiitageous Places on that Part ^ Newftiuniiiafid^ from Cape Bonavifta rutmihg ^wti bythe We^tfil '8idb to Vomt Riche, ^^^^^^"^ '^^ '^^ ^^^^^ '-»tiJ xii ;:hfifjri;T c'l [\v, -j-in t'f!T But, thank God, thefe ate all the Rights th^ have any Vf f • ' Foundation iiti:?f.«)Kl ha% skrrf -r^ -bioJ orb "in 3n<^'',y\^dlV ' ; HulSI Kid. ■.. .iaifh;c^;n ;,,-; :r^^rmo:) -(fbok^ ■;.-! ai .,^;-! u -ffl V ii CHAPi '■'!r*p* rc'iH! C53J i . 1 I • >> Jl.. - ' " M ^ ^ ,, C vi A * , 111. . K » .f 7be Emroachments and Depredations of the "^^ Frtnch up6n his Majeftfs territories in •^^ North- America wtTtines when Peace fubfified ,.^Jn Europe between the Two Crowns^ &c. &c, t •r tf i' SHALL >ftate. the French Encroachments and Depreda-^ , tions in each of his Hajejiy^ Provinces of North-Amtr rtcay as the Continent is now divided, by the Authority pf thep^du'^ begiiihinc to tht. Northward \. whereby we fliall have a cljparer Idea of their Situation and Importances and of the Propriety of the Meafures hereafter to be hum- bly propofed for extirpating the iV'^^/cA and their Indiam put of his ikr^^^ vince immediately after the late War with France, they fpirited up thefe Indians to.wa^^ ag^f^ us, by their ample Supplies ; by their giving them a' targe Bounty for every Etfglijb Prifoiier they brpught to^ thcm> ^4 «: m^lpHJar^^ forev^ EngUJh Scalp they ^ftuld, .{produce |. byjtheii^ pro- miting to proteA them in their Forts 5 and by difgii^ng theitifelves and occafionally joining the /ndians in their Enterprizes againft our Settlements. ' With thefe three hundred Indians they have conftantly harraffed our infant Colony oi Nova-Scotia, fb that \^fe' hax^e ftiad^h'o S^ttlej- ments but what have been fortified' and pidktited'att round, which has been Attended with vaft Eip^ce. ^ indeed it i^ hard to cokdeWe what Diftf efs tJiis ' handful bf Itidiahi have reduced this Colony to.' ^ They cannot clear and break up the Ground, nor plant hor fow without their t^ck^tsr, nor' go frbiri bne ViHage to ' another fo^ Relict without imminent Danger^ from ^fkulfcing /«^w, of f^n mfi)f . >^!^S killed and having their ^:alps carried away Tor the ^SuM^ i-S^r^^ Bbuiity, or of beihg taken and either put to Deatlf ^^ ViiS /ifli^h- 'mott d-uel Torments tliat lavage brutality can* in^ vc'iit, or of bemg carried away^Captive to the rrenco, who nave gifterwards infifled on a tfice for their Redemption, ec[iial'tb tfie Prjce Slact Sfqv^s are fold for in our Cordmesi uiidqx thfe * m'eclous I^retehce of tlieir Slaving paid it to ^e /«^/i»i to ^lave them from being put to l>eath. Thih the >_r kij an ^iFreftfi haiM? )ma4e:Wj|)*yrjrt^?!T^;BcwLiiity they g?|Vc thte Indium f9pr ca)ptiva(^y|g^ur P^jfje, 1 he Indiam- f|ar- prize4.|he Village pf^ P^rtmo^tb^ pxie Night, and altho* Hi h«d A Qufurd pf Spldier^ a^cjf ^a^ picketed ip) they bui;nt the Houfes, and pyt> jx^^i Ma|, l^Vpmen andipW d$atli^» iAl»4 firpni Qifr ^rftjA|;t9fnp^ to fettle it iincethe latft WftT ^ith iV^^^f, the JWitf^j have been kilHng or Captiv&tliig pur J^cjo^c; whenevf ijppportunity pri^fented. ^ ij •r^«The ^rw hiiObwemmicait,^^ and his ^ddple, and pro5I j j ■• The French have alfo re-built a Pbrtf' iii! this Province fince the Peace oi Aix La ChapelkyvX the Entrance into the River of St. Johns^ on the Weftcm Side of the Bay of Fundy oppofite to, and diftant ten Leagued from, Anna- foiis'Royal'^ by which they have the Command' of the River St. yohns Indians j being about an hundred and fifty fighting Men, whom they occafionally i^e upon the People of the North-Eaft Parts of New-England, At the En- trance into this River there is a capacious Road for Ships of any Burthen, and on the Nortfi Side of the Road is a Streight, not Piflol Shot ovei-^ through which there is no pafling but at the Top of the Tide when the Water is upon a Level, for at other times the Fall is io €onfider»- able, efpecially at low Watery as 'to make a Defcent of thirty Feet. This Entrance on which the i^r^ic/ft Fort Hands, is lined on both Sides by a Iblid Rock, and has more than forty Fathom of Water in its Middle. When you have pafled this Streight the River fpreads itieif half a Mile in Width, and with a gentle Current towards its Outlet admits a delightful Navigation for large Shjps, fixty Miles into the Country, and much further for fipalla* Veilels ; taking its Source ^om thtee parts of Sc> Law^ :ji^i t rence Ill [ 57 ] rBftce River, one rjf which is direcftly oppofite to ^cbecL TYit French have often conveyed Succburs and Merchandize from Old France to ^ebecky both in Peace and War, up this River, to avoid the Difficulty and Rifque of the Na- • vigation of St. Lawrence River. By this River alfo they, as Occafion requires, convey Troops and Stores from ^^-'' beck to the Neutral French^ the Indians^ and their other Forces in Nova-Scotia, And if they are fuffered to re- main in Pofleffion of this River they may always have a Communication between France and Canada in Winter,^ which they cannot have only from May to OEiober by St. Lawrence River, and they will at all times have a much more fafe and eafy Conveyance to and from Canada than by St. Lawrence, But what is more material they will be fumiflied with a Harbour, more commodioufly £iJ tuated for annoying the Britijh Colonies, by Men of War and Privateers in Time of War, than that American Dun- kirk Louijbourg itfelf ; and at all times a convenient Port near the Ocean for Aimifhing Naval Stores to Old France^ and their Sugar Colonies with Lumber of all forts for the Conftru^ion of Dwelling Houfes, Sugar Mills, and Caik to contain their Iflands produce, which is what they have long cdmed at, but never could fecure before. In fhort liiere is not one Advantage we derive from the four Pro-^ vinces of New-Englandy that they will not reap from this River when the Country comes to be fully fettled by them. < And they are bent upon fecuring a Footing upon or near *.i.. ,^ I the i [ S8 ] the Atlantic Ocean, as they have not one fort, or any Tcrritpry in their own North-American Cclopica near i^, buf the Iflands in the Gulf of St. Lawr^/jce, which yield them nothing but a Security for t^eir Fiihery, and a Si* tuation to didrefs and annoy our Colonies, and their Trade and Navigation, in Time of War. The French ajfo d^ny our Right to navigate or vifit any, jwt of Nfiva-Scgtia: iqi th? Qut of Can/Q and Oijlf pf St. Lavircmc^ or tq vifit and fetde Canfo, whid;^ wf fc^le^ ipoj^ aftq: th^ Peace of Utrecht a$ part oi Nwa-r Scotia^ and ca^-ried pi^ our, prin- cipal Fifliery at, till the late War when they took it from but Sir H(ilUi^ Pepp^rell recovered it in his way. to us the Sieg;? of Lou^urg. And ev^cry Yp«; fwce the Peace oi Aix La Chaipelle the Governor, of LQuifboi^rgy and the Conun^dcrs in Chief of the Men pf War, that have, been ftationed there, havcg^ven public Nptiqf; t]^^ they will feize and con^fcate all Englijb VeiTelsi they fi^d. ^^Qanfo^ the Gut of Canfoy or in the G^lf <^ St Ltmr^me^ 4^v By thofe* three Forts they hf^v* aMailftd, theoaii5lye!^:of.all. the Pro vince of NworScsitia^ e»:ept . the- , S^thiBafiixviL Pcninfula. And although, they do not. difputQ out . Rigkt to this, except C/wj/^.and t;be.£iarhQurA luitJifiGvilf pfjSl,, Lawrence^ they havjc not fufejed.u».tQteoj<^i.iti iiftgp tfeg Peace oi Aix La Chapalley but. by, thfi/i £ncroai:h(xveAt9. and Depredations have ib annoyed ^. diflreli^dL U9,. tbaf we have not been able to do any more towaixk fettling, cveni the Peninfula, than to eftablifli four fmalliTowiUy: and. build >y\ Ml vaft Expfcftte df Blood and Tredftirif. 1 thlhk the Parlia- tntht bf Onat-SHtitiH h;ive j^taAttd ClnC^ the late W:lr 450,066/. fbi* ftttllng and fcctirihg Ntyo^StotiTt^ and all iv5 havfe tfcr fh^ fbf thh Imnl^fc 'Silftl is the thoxc four Tofi'ns Of Villages, and fbiif Potts. i' T Sihcc the P^aeft of £/yfrfci9> thti Pr)ihch }Mt fetiled feven /-rrm/; tn- Vill^ei in the Pwmnce of thtj Malffdt^ftti.B^ oh thcandlJipr"!* _ _ •-»ii«i^i f «.« ^dations ill his Sbtith Banks of St. Lttwrenct Riw befwech the Ifle ofMajcftys _. .,, M«i.-«. Province of Orleans and the MotJt'h of Iro^um^ or aJw*/*^/ River. Some the aa^,- 4of tliefe Villages are pkkttitd ilj bVit fldtte of them hav^c' "^''' ''^' •wiyFoftl, or other Defence?.' V ^' *'•..' - -i The French have MifHonarics attrAri^' tlic PenoBfcot oV Pimtag4it Indiam^ who do not exceed Ortfr hundred and ^% fitting Men, and generally rifidc near the Ba^ olF Ffnobfcof, Thtj yi^t alfe l^(^h^ie« amOilg thb Mr- ftdgwapg Indiansy #ho arc sdxmt ohel huhditd and fifty %hting.Men, and do retide tij^on Kennebec ^i^er nbOut one hundred and twenty Miles from its Month. Th^k Indians hare, both in Peace and War with the i^rfvf A, beenproroked by thenv to arinoy and diftrefs our young Settlements oil the Eaftcm Frontier of this Province, and they have killed, fialped; amd c!iaf)ti\rated many 6f our People, even fince the. Peace oi Ai» LaChapelle\ but- the Government of thcv.Ma^/Sf^f^ by fc^ildiitig two Forti lad Year on Jf9n;7i&ir£^«r^ and'fbfti^g one hundred Men i^ each, keep them in gceat Aw4 Eind they dare not adt againfl us :23iu'i I 2 . at i ( * ; « •■ J.s •*f4^,-,- fea] at prcfent. Thefe Indians have often acknowledged them- felvcs Subjedts of the Crown of GrsafBritatn, and the Government of the Province they refide in has taken the greateft Care to accommodate them yrith every thing they require, and to prevent Frauds and Abufes being impofed upon them by private Perfons ; for no one is allowed either trade with them or to purchafe Lands, ,but by the Govern^ mentis Appointment. For the Management of Trade with them, a Commiflary General is appointed by the Le* giilature, and convenient Store Houfes have been many Years built, where they (may at all times be accommodated with every thing they require at no more than Five per Cent, advance upon the original Coft at Boflon by whole- fale for ready Money, and they are allowed the full Price their Furs and Skins will yield at the Boflon Markety which is vaftly more profitable to them than the French can pofTibly fubmit to. But notwithilanding all thefe wife and juft Regulations, and frequent Subfidie?, the Addrf^fs, Ingenuity, and unwearied Pains of the French Priefls, who live among them, and conform to their Manner of Life in every refpc^):. by which they are fo difguifed as £'equently to be taken for Indians y has proved fupetior to all buc Ef- forts, and they will do nothing without their Advice and Confeiit, but when awed by Force ; therefore the Gover- nor of the Majfachufeis carried one thou^d Soldien with him lafl Year to force them to renew Treaties, and per- mit the two Forts to be built, and nothing but a fuperior w u '^ 1 Force Force will ever be able to rival French Pricftcraft and Ufe- fiilnefs, for moft of thefe Priefts are good Mechanics, and prove vaftly ferviceable to thi Indians in the common Con- cerns of Life. .t'C' ^ Since the Peace of ^/> La ChapeUe the French hscvt French Y.n~ - . croaclimciita built a Fort at Cowafs or Cohajfer on Conne&icut River in and Depre- 1.1 dationsinhis the Province ai N^w^ffafnpJkiteyyvhKhis one hundred and^'y'/'>'' Province of forty Miles South of St. Lawrence River, and as vasixiy ^^"-^"""P- Milcs deep ill his Majefty's Territories. t fhere are no friendly nor encmical Indians in this Pro»- vince, except a few Straglers, but the French have harraffed his- Majefty*s Subjeds in the Frontier Settlements almoft every Year fince the Peace of j^ix La ChapeUe with the Incurfi^s of (he Indians that reiide about Lake Iroquois OS Champlc^iny belonging to the Province of New-Tork^ who do not exceed fixty fighting Men, and who have killed, fgalpcd, and captivated many of our People in this Pro- vince. .■')t«.'^;•' " ' ■ r-r :\^^ As to the Province of New-York and the Five Nations p^^„^^ £„, hereditary and conquered Country, the French have got^[°f'''j|,"/p"J.' Pof^ipn of all that Part of it that lays to xki% Northward j^;|;;;';>'* of St. Lawrence River and .the Five great Lakes, and all^;^'.']^^^^*'^ that^Part of it to the Eaftward .that lays between our Fort of Ofwego on the hike Ontarioy and the Mouth of the Iroquois, ox Sorrel Rivei.upon the South Side of the fcver St. /yawr^wf^,^ and > as , far South frqm the Banks of this River, ' as River Iroquois and Lakes Iroquois^ or Qhaniplain I'l-i tr' I >1 .•■<»< [ 62 ;] -and SacreMiftL They ufurp?f!f'.^ By one Fort buiJt on tht North Siidie of the £aft Ehti^tiGje of Lake Ontario in 1672. ^^^ c.'iijD %one Fort fituated at Mifilimakirkic nt2LtKht Lakes //i/r<9», Michigan and Superior in !6:>'3v'' > ^« ^'' • ^ Dy one Fort built on the Streight bctWdsn LjifeH S^;> atid -^l^Wi*. Huron in 1683. i\iwi .Vci io rbrroij 2:)i:l/' V JiW* ..■••,-' 1 By one Fort ercded at Natgara Fall on the Streighit of Lakes Erie and Ontario in 16^4, and sinother Fort oit the iame Streight in 1720; '^ " ' ^i^'o^* S-^'^i - ^ j.oo ^sau By one Fort on the Weft Side, ^d another on the Rim St. Jofeph on the Eaft Side, of Lake Michigan^ another oh the Weft Side of Lake Toronto^ and three mofe F6tts and a regular fortified Town, With*a" CitadH,' called St, Pre- deric or Crown Pointy at the Lake and Rnr^r'of Jtroquoiiy or Champlain Lake, and Richlieui; or Soml Riveri all of which Forts, ^c. were built between the Peace of Utrecht •''and the Commencement of the late War. ' ' '" The French have in this Province alio, feveral other Tovyns and Villages between the Mouth of /roy^wj Rlver and Montreal on X^ak South Side of St. luawrence River ; in which, with the feven Villages they have iii ih^'maj- fachufets Province, there are twenty-eiglit Farim Churches. And they have belides the Forts already nientibried; many Stockade Forts, or Block-Hbufes, for Trading Lbdg«, ft( this Province. - ^' *!/ • Two flf % [63 ] :„ Two hundred JFr^c^, Indians ^ accompanied by fome Canadeam diTgUifed like Indians^ . made an Irruption into thi* Provinige i^ Year, fuf priced the Town of Houfacky Tacked and burnt it, and maflacred and captivated both Men, Women and Childreni except a very few that ran away, uvrji^i.j . .. .\ , \ •^ ; The Fr4Wi6 have fince the Peace oi Aix La Chapelle r«ized feveral of our Traders in the Country of the Fhe Na^ionsj, confiicated their EiFoiSs, and made them pay the Price of Skvea for their Redemption. They have been continually, fince the Peace oi /lix La Chapelle^ ufing every Artifice, and frequently Force, to draw? aSths Indums in this Province as weU as in all, the reR ffFom the jBr/Vj^ Intereft. Laft Year they perfuaded oni liaWofthe Omndago Indians^ one of the Fhe NatioASy with: feveral from the other Nations, to remove from the Placeiof their ufualRefidenoe to a Place called Ofweegachic on- the Raver Cadaraquiy where they have built them a Church and Fort. Many of the Senekasy the mod nume- rous Na^icxn of the Ftvik appear to be wavering and rather incli^ed^ to the Fav^c^. In Hiort, a great Defection mani- (c&s itfelf among all the Five NatiojtSy for not more than a, hundred 4iid. fift)( of the feveral Natiotis attended the Congreis.hcld at Albany lad Year, though they had notice that all his Majifly^ Governments would have Commif- floncrs there with Prcfcnts from nioft Provinces as well .is ffoni tiiQ Kmgt and on all pfcccding.likc Occafions tliere .'x were 11 .11 1 1 [6+3 were never lefs than fix or fcvcn hundred^ The ttlmoft that couH be obtained of them at this Meeting; was aa^' Agreement to (land neuter in our Difputes with the 'French^ for they unanimoufly declared, that fo far from a^ing againft the French they fhould be obliged to nmke the. bed Terms they could with them, in order to preferve thcm- ftlves and their Country from being dcftroyed by their powerful Arms. The Engiijhy they obfervcd, would not fight for themfelves, and as for them they cckild riot de- lend their own Country and that of the Englijh too. But if they faw the Englijh adt powerfully, and that their own Country, Wives, and Children were fafe while they went forth to War, they then fhould be glad to meet the Go-' vernor of New-York and the Commifiioners again, for it was againft their Inclination to treat with the French^ but Necefllty compelled them. Therefore if fome bold Stroke is not foon made to retrieve our loft Reputation and the wonted Confidence and Friendftiip of this brave and faiths ful People, who upon all other Occafions have been our beft Friends and have it in their Power to be our worft Enemies, fo as to a^ in our Favour and to influence their Allies and Tributaries, who, together with the Five Na^ tionSi make feventeen thoufand Men, to do the fame, we (hall not only lofe the AfTiftance of the whole Indian In-^ tcreft of North-America^ but have it turned againft us. For IndianSy like more refined and politer Nations, will not join the Wcakeft, efpecially when their own Country ..,.. is i [65] is in danger from the Strongeft in the Field ; and it is ini- poflible for their Sachems to reflrain their young Men, who delight in War more than any thing elfe, when all their Neighbours are engaged^ and the -Sound of War echoes from Hill to Hill all around them. The French have (ince the Peace of Aix La Chapelle Fnnch £„- ii'/r-ri f croachmf iits built two Forts on Beef River y which iffues from the South ^^a Depre- dations in his Side of Lake Erie in his Maiefiy\ Province of Pennjylva- Majejy's J'''^ •'•^ Province ot nia : and laft Year they forcibly attacked and took a FortPff/ytva- built by his Majefiys exprefs Command at the G^nnuence of the Rivers Mohongala and Ohio in this Province, which they remained in Poffeflion of when the laft Advices came away. They alfo have feized feveral of the Traders among the Indians in this Province, and made them pay for thci^ Redemption, and confifcated all their Effeds to a very great Value, for one of theie Confifcations amounted to upwards of 18,000/. In 1 750 the French built a Fort in his Majefty's Province /v«if/; En- 01 Ktrgtnta on the River Oubacbe or St. jerom, m the and Dcprc- _, /-!«-» »-r *•» dations in his Heart ot the Country of the TwightweeSy or Miamisy Indians^ Majfji/% inftrift Friendfhip '.vith his Majefty ; and laft Year they A/V^/mV?. fent three hundred French Families to fettle about this Fort. In 1751 they built another Fort at Sandojki on the South Side of Lake Erie in this Province. They have alfo one Fort upon the River Illinoisy one at the Confluence of the Rivers Ouhache and Ohioy one at the Jundtion of the Rivers Mijfouri and Mi£ijftpi^ one higher up the River Mijfotdriy Jfr and •I' l« ^^.m^ti m**- ■ 'l 'wtT. '1- .^t»«,:Vv C 66 } and one at the Confluence of the kfrcrs Kajkakim and Mijffiffipi^, all built in Times of Peaxre fince the Treaty of Utrecht i and within this his MajjsJfyWtoymct, Laft Year they marched a B6dy of pegoiar Troops, Mi- litia and Indians into this Provirttie, and attacked and de- feated four hundred of his Majefiys Forces at the Great Meadows, They compelled our Com'mandler in Chief of thofe four hundred Men to enter into Articfe of Capitula- tion and give Hoftages, in as formal a Manneras if War had'aiftually been proclaimed between the two Crowns. But the Very Night they were'figtted the French broke them, which we have great Reafon to rejoice at, for they were the moft infamous a Bnnjb Subjed ever put his Hand to. f' - ..j/ t'l^io? The FrencHf h^e for thcfe^H^' or three Years paft fct their Indians loofe upon the Inhabitants of this Province alfo, and killed, .fcalpcd, and captivated many of them^ fcized fome. of their Effects, and forced thbfe that were fettled without the Mountains, together witli fome. of our friendly Indians ^ to break np their Scttliements and retire 'witKin the Mtfuntainsi And, '"^ ^'^^" ^V ■ '* •^^They continued to have, by the laft* Advices, twothou- fand two hundred reg'jlar '^rdops and Militia, and fix hundred Indian Warriors at their Forts in this Province and Pennfylvania that are near thfe Ohioy and threatened a further Irruption, for which they' Were preparing. ^ The *j'iij C^yJ •The Northern Boundary of Georgia extending to the^^^'l'^j^ ch En • chmLMts Northernmoft Branch of the River SavajiaL and from '.",/.'' *^''" thence due Weft indefinitely, the inland Frontier of ^^^''^^^if^^ Carolinas is very narrow, but as narrow as it is the French ^.'^'^^' ^'"" have mounted two Forts ic^ i,t on the MiJI^Jftpi River in Times of Peace, and fince tlii^ Treaty oi Utrecht, ^ In his Majefly\ Province of Georgia the French have/'rwcAEn- •^ *^ croachmcnts one Fort built at the Mouths of iht MijrtJTipi in 1699; and Dcprc "^ *^ ^ datioiis in his another Fort and Settlement at the "Bay of Mobile begun in Majejiyh ' . ' • ' . Province of 1701 ; another Fort ajnd Settlement at the IJk DauphinGeorgh. begun in 1702 ; another Fort, with a Settlement round it, . at Alibamousy at the Confluence of the Rivers Mobile mdiLocufachee in the Heart of our Fellow Subje As th&Upper Creek Indians Country, which was begun in 1 7 1 4 under the old Pretence of a Trading Lodge ; the City of New- Qt^leans w^l fortified on the Mijftjftpi River founded in 1717; another Fort and Settlement at JPanfacola on the Gulf of Mexico \ two more Forts on the Mijijppi River, befides many Stockade Forts,, or Blockhoufes, for Trading Lo4ges among the innumerable Indians in this Country ; and they have feveral other fmall Towns or Villages, be- fides thofe I have mentioned, on and near the Mijftjftpi River, built in Times of Peace fince the Treaty of Utrecht, In 1730 they utterly extirpated the whole Tribe (t rt^pt a few that efcaped to the Chickafaws) of Indians called Nautchee, that refided about the Forks of the River Tafqu which rifes in this Province not very far from, and • K 2 empties ,1 •'I mmn-^^Hmmm, *i ,dt f /Wl t68] empties itfelf into, the Mijftjftpu The French did this when they were in profound Peace with thefc Indians un- der the Sanation of a formal Treaty ; but finding they conti- nued an Intercourfe and Trade with the Englijhy they fell upon them in the Night, and maflacred Men, Women, and Children, not fparing even thofe they took' alive, but put ^hem to death in the mod inhuman and cruel Torments. This Perfidy and Cruelty of theFr^w^ being communicated to the Chickafaw Indians who refide a little to the North- ward of the Nautchees Country, and they fearing the like Fate, as they were in the ftriAcft Friend/hip and conftantly traded with the Engtijb^ they declared War againfl the French^ and it has not been in the Power of all their own Force and Policy to prevail on them to make Peace to this Day, nor could they ever prevail on any other Indians to join againfl them, as they are remarkable for Faith and Bravery, uS their War is efleemed jufl and neceflary, and as they are highly revered for their Military Atchievements. Thefe Chickafaws have been as fev:re a Scourge to the French Colony of Louijianiy as any of their Indians have been to any of our Colonies ; but their long and conflant Hoflilities againfl the French have reduced them to four hundred fighting Men only, who continue the War with as much Spirit and Intrepidity as ever. The French of Louifiani have entirely alienated the ChauSias from our Interefl, who refide in their Neighbour- • ' -"" .'• - ■ — ^ - • hood [ 69 ] hood between the Mobile and Miffijftpi^ and amount to five thoufand fighting Men. "^ " And by their Fort at Alibamous they have obtained fuch Influence among the Upfer Creek Indians^ amounting to one thoufand two hundred Men, that they would have broke out againft Carolina and Georgia feveral times, if it had not been for the Interpofition of the Lower Creeks^ who amount to one thoufand three hundred Men, and are our faft Friends. /' \% From this Dedu£tion of French Encroachments it ap^The/^m/.A have fiir- pcars that they have drawn a Line, and have a Chain of r""nded hi» Forts and Settlements, all alone the Back of our Settle- ^V("'!i" ' ° with I'orts, ments from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Mouths of the^'- Miffijftpi in the Gulf of Mexico^ whereby they have accom- plidicd their ancient Defign of furrounding the Britijb Northern Colonies Settlements, of fortifying themfelves on the Back thereof, of taking Pofleffion of the moft impor- tant Paiies of the great Rivers and Lakes, and of drawing off the Indians to their Intereft, who they have more or lefs conftantly, both in Peace and War, iffued from their Forts on our Frontier Settlements, feme of which they have deftroyed, others they have impeded the Progrefs of, and in moft of our Provinces prevented the prajeding or making new Eftablifliments. For there is nothing more terrible than Indian Wars, and wherever they happen the Inhabitants eat their Bread in continual Fear and Trem- bling ; no Man is fure when out of his Houfe of ever re- turnings ■ I! w% n [70] turning to it again ; while they labour in tlie Fields they arc under terrible Apprehenfions of being killed and Hal ped, or of being feized and carried to the Indian Country, there to end their Days in cruel Torments, or be turned over to the French to be redeemed at the Price of Biack Slaves, They arc many times oWiged to ncgledt both their Seed Time and Harvcft. The Landlord often fees all his Land plundered, his 1 loulec . burnt, and the whole Country rui led, while they can t think their Perfons fafe in their •Fortifications. In fliort, all Trade, Bufmefs, and Com- merce is at an entire Stand, while Fear, Dcfpair, and Mi- fery appears in the Faces of the poor Inhabitants, I fay, this Condudl of the French is in Confequence of an ancient Defign or Syftem, and it certain) \ is fp, for all their Governors and Writers of tlie Northern Colonies have 'Conftantly recommended it to the Court of France^ who, Aye are now fatally convinced, have carried it fyftematically into Execution. And our Colones have as conftantly remonftrated to the Court AGreat-B'^itcUn thefe Encroach- ments and Depredations, and the further terrible Confe- qiienccs they had the utmoft Reafon to exped from them. IBut it is now too late in a great meafure, and therefore to little Purpofe, to enquire further why we negledcd to ex- ert the Power God and Nature put into our Hands to pre- vent thefe Evils, or to remove them whenever and where- liis.T//r>//>*sever they appeared. Therefore I ihall enter into this En- Colonies ill- / rr juriouny qiiiry in the Courfe of thefe Sheets no further than by chargfii with a ^ Ncgwas,'^*. pointing ♦ ' m mw [7' ] pointing out feme of the Caufts, w iiich if removed the EfFccfls will ccaft, and to acquit his MajeJ'ys Colonies of the cruel Accufation, from Pcrfons of all Kanks almofl in this Country, of having negledlcd their own Defence, and, by other criminal Condud, having invited the Calamities tlicy fuffer. This has been very induftrioufly propagated by {pmc People, who have found it neceffary to blame the Colonies, the better to excufe tlicmfelves ; and by otlier» who have had fupport in their Clamours from a late Pamphlet called, a Brief State of the Province of Pemifyl- vania^ which I fhall fay no more of at prefent than tliat it is calculated for private Purpofes, at the Ex pence of a very refpedtable Body of People called ^nlccrsy to whom this Country is more obliged than moft People at prclent know or can imagine, and who will very foon bo acquit- ed, with Honour, of the exceptionable Coiidudt laid to their Charge. Some People would do well in never lofuig fight of this, being, of all others, tlic moft improper time to inflame the Pafllons and alienate tlic Hearts of even the moft remote and infignificant of his Miijejiy\ Subjcds, and of its being the moft proper and necelVary Meafure at this critical Conjundurc to reconcile all jarring Interefts, and to pleafe and oblige every Clafs of his Majefly\ Sub- jeds in every part of his Dominions, that they may aft with their Heads, Hearts, Hands, and Purfes unanimoufly for the Recovery of his juft Rights, and for permanently fe- curing him in the Pofleflion of them* ' % ■ i 1 '■*\ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) in J' 1.0 1.1 1^12,8 |25 |io ■^™ l^H 2? 1)4 "^ L25 i 1.4 12.0 \^m Ta S%. 7 Sdences Corporation as WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSRO (716) •72-4503 '4S [72] It is certain not any one of the Colonies are to blame, as will appear when I come to fpeak of their Condud, Temper, and Difpofition, fo it muft lay elfe- /j'f»'.",'^i '>■-• ^^»'^.;;*i*^ Jjn*.><.ii^ijf4>vi k:.:.-i*» ■ri\i^ iij-^ , v ij>»l»'.»«:. The Affairs of North- Amerka at a very impor- tant Crifis. where. The Affairs of North- America are become of the laft Importance to his Majeflys Northern Colonies in particu- lar, and the Britijh Empire in general, by the French En- terprizes, and the Succefs of them I have ftated ; by their having gradually increafcd their Troops in Canada and Louifiani fince the Peace of Aix La Chapelle down to 1753, tranfporting them in their Ships of War, which re- turned to France with a bare Complement of Men, leaving the reft in their Colonies, and by this means they have been lefs obferved by the Powers of Europe than if they had been fent in Tranfport Ships ; by fending two thoufand fivt hundred regular Troops to Canada, and three thou- fand five hundred to the Mijftjppi in 1753 ; * and by the vaft Armament that has been fo long preparing at Br eft, and perhaps now failed, confefledly for Ca?tada. Let any Man refledl on thefe things, taking into his View at the fame time the Conduft of the French in re- fped to the Neutral IJlands in the Weft-Indies ; + in re- fpea * This I know to be true from Authority. t In 1 749 the Courts of Great-Britain and Frame entered into a new Convention re- /pedting thefe IJlandsy which the French were very bufy in fettling contrary to Treaty. And for the Sak.e of Peace Great-Britain ftill condefcendcd to Jet, what flie has a fole and juft Right to, remain Neuter; that is, neither We nor France (hould attempt the Settlement of either of them, and that France fhould immediately break up what Settlements were Jtuadc there, and her Subjedts fhould immediately evacuate the lilands. Orders were fent accordingly ^^■ttjVffWM i 't [ 73 ] fpe£t to the Bahama Iflaiids, which they have trumped up a Claim to fince the Peace of Aix La Chapelle, and did two Years ago fet up Croffes upon fome of them, with Copper Plates, containing the French King's Arms, and a Declaration that they were to preferve the Rights of Louis XIV, which Rights we never heard of before ; in re- fpedl to our Eajl- India Company in AJia ; and in refpe^l to the Coaft of Africa ; and it is impoflible for him to doubt the Juftice of our Caufe, or the Neceflity of our going to War, if the French will not immediately relin- quifh the whole of their Encroachments upon his Majeflysrh^ F.tif- Territories, and make Individuals in particular, and the Honour and Nation in general, ample Satisfadion for the Lofles they the NatLi have fuftained, and the vaft Ex pence we have been at in from the AJia and America, and for the Expence of our prefent Armaments both by Land and Sea ; which amounts to in- finitely more than it will require to drive them out of the New-World. Can the Honour and Juftice of the Nation put up with lefs ? If we do accept of lefs", may not the Nation exped, and won't it delerve, to be ufed by other Nations, as a noted Coward is, bullied and male-treated by every little Fellow ? L But accordingly to the Governor of Martlmco, but he dying before they reached Martinico, his Succefibr faid the Orders were not direded to him, and he would not execute them. Upon this new Orders went, and fome of our Men of War faw them executed. Since this they have again fcized upon, and are fettling them with a high Hand. They have already got four tbciufand Souls on St. Liicieiy near two thoufand Souls on Dominica, and near one thoufand Souls on St. Vincent., and they have fortified each of thefe Settlements, and have lately begun to fettle Tobago, another of thefe Iflands, ■i' .^-ii^l-.^i .«->i>.^..-..^.^. ■l.^t>^^ > i > - «i^.^»^^|. j^,^Jj-^^ *4l^yByi*.AAtV. .ftr '^:... ■m-.^--:.-M^ ^*-' M IM< "" ■ H ["^''"""riiwiiiii ■Ml "( His Maj/fy'i D''clariiti( n fairs in r'ua. \- i [74] But notwithftanding the bad Condition of our Affairs upon the pre- we ought Hot to dcfoair : On the contrary, thank God, State of Af- ° * ' ' ' ^mt-WQ, may now chear up, for behold his Majefly gloriouily de- claring in his late Speech to Parliament, that " I never ** could entertain a Thought of purchafing the Name of " Peace, at the Expence of fufTering Encroachments up- " on, or of yielding up, what is juftly belonging to Great- " Britain, either by ancient Pofleifion, or by folemn " Treaties. Your Vigour and Firmnefs, on this impor- " tant Occafion, have enabled me to be prepared for fuch " Contingences as may happen. If reafonable and ho- " nourable Terms of Accommodation can be agreed up- " on, I fliall be fatisficd." ^° ^^ifh^' ^^ cannot be imagined that the French will give up their Encroachments, by any Man that knows their infinite Importance to them ; and all that they have hitherto done, or can be expeded they will do, is to make Propofal after Propofal, taking care the laft is more favourable than the preceding, knowing you can't accept the moft favourable they will make, till they have gained further footing, and time to be prepared for all Events, and then you may feek Redrefs in the Uncertainties of a War that they are pre- pared for. For Experience teaches us, that the French al- ways employ Times of Negotiation, not in endeavouring to efface the Remembrance of paft Outrages, but in concert- ing the Operations for new ones. However, Great-Britain has expei^ted from the French, [ 75 ] has been fo long a Sufferer by French Perfidy, and fo often deluded by the treacherous Negotiations of that faithlefs Nation, that it cannot be fuppofed that fhe will any longer liften to their infidious Propofals, than till we are ready at Home and Abroad to give them a decifive Blow ; therefore continuing to negotiate with them, while we are pre- paring for War, can do us no Injury, but may be very po- litical. Nor can it be fuppofed that Great-Britain will fuf- fer herfelf to be again deceived by entering into any Treaty of Accommodation with that perfidious Power, but what fettles every Point in the Treaty, and does not refer the lead Particular to CommifTaries, that can pofTibly be difputed, in Europe^ '^fi^'i Africa^ and America ; and not even thisNo Accom- till his Majejly is reftored to his juft Rights and Poffef- with the fions, and has accumulated fo much additional Power into we have Sa- . ^ tisfaftion, his own Hands, as can at all times compel them to an ex- and Security a<5l Execution, and pundual Obfervation, of the Treaty, ture En- croachments For to come to an Accommodation with them on anyandDepre- dations. Other Terms is only purchanng the Name of Peace, and giving Being and Support to new Encroachments and a new War. But this the haughty and infolent Gallic will never fubmit to till heartily drubbed into it. And certainly there never was a greater Neceflity, nor we can- not expeft a more proper Conjundure for this Nation's en- tering upon the Work than the prefent, whether we con- fidcr the Nature and Greatnefs of the Objedt we are to L 2 contend i;:^ J- -• — -^-»v . h r% -««, r I! i i n \- France. t 76 ] contend for, or our Ability, compared with theirs, to carry oh a War however remote and dilcontiguous. niicNccef- This Nation has often entered into War to revenge the fity of g"inp; ^ ^ ° ta War with jj^f^jlfg and Injuries affeding its Merchants and Seamen; and often only to defend Foreign Princes, and to fupport the Dallange of Power in Europe, in Confequence of Treaties, when neither its Trad*::, Navigation, Territories, nor Subjeds were aiFedled. But the War that is now juft and neceflary we fhould engage in againft France, is of fuch a Nature as to demand all our Refentment, and aroufe all our Courage. Your Provinces are invaded, your Towns are burnt, many of your Plantations de- ftroyed or deferted, your ancient and faithful Indian Allies and Subjedts cut off from all Communication with you y others of your Fellow Subjcdls murdered, fcalped, captivated, and fold at the Price of Black Slaves, and many of the reft in imminent Danger of the like melancholy Cataftrophe ; your faireft and beft Revenues endangered. And all thefe Infults, Injuries, and Barbarities committed by the very People we have the Name of Peace with. Your Fathers refented every In- fringment upon Britijh Liberty, and fhall tlie Blood of Britijh Subjeds, fhed in an unjuft and cruel Manner, cry for no Vengeance from you ? .. , . Befides thcfe CommT.nds to War, if we have not rea- O! ! :t we fonablc and honourable Terms of Accommodation fecured an- to con- Tlic Nature and Grcat- \- raettatt*^*""**!!!? to r77l to us by the French forthwii :, w.'iicli is as vnin to cxned as that they will yk-V us up Cube-Breton .ind Cmird i vo- hintarily, wc have the vjift Importance of the Nt.rtheni- Colonies^ upon which alfo depends the very Being of vnur Sugar Colonies^ that calls for our clofeft Attention and the moft vigorous Efforts of the combined Nerves of the wl:ole Empire. It is from the Americcm Colonies our Royal Navy is fupplied in a great mcafure with MaRs of all Sizes and other Naval Stores, as well as our Merchant Ships ; it is from them we have our vafi: Fleets of MercJiant Ships, and confequently an increafe of Seamen ; it is i'rom them our Men of War in the /hnerican World arc on any Occafion man'd, and our Troops there augmented and recruited ; it is from them we have moft of our Silver and Gold, either by their Trade with Foreigners in America, or by the Way of Spain, Portugal, and Italy, in Payment for their immenfe Quantities oi Fifi, Rice,^c. it is from them we have all our Tobacco, Rice, Rum, and moft of our Sugar Sy Dyi7ig and other valuable f Foods, Cotto?t-Wool, Pimento, Ginger, Indico, Whale and Liver Oil and Whale-Bone, Beaver and other Furs, Deer Skins, and innumerable other Articles, and many of them in fuch Abundance as not only to be fufficient for our own Confumption, which other- wife muft have been bought of Foreigners at exceflive Prices in hard Money as formerly, but a great Excefs to export to Foreigners, which increafes the Ballance in our Favour with fome Countries, and leflens the Ballance * againft Tl i1 rti w««i 'u ,) t, # >w >h r i>ft <*»*f ' M wawii --•~i m wii I ^ i iidh w r 78] ngaluft us in others ; it is from tliem our whole African Trade receives its SupiX)rt, which Trade requires vaft Quantities of the Produce and Manufactures of this Coun- try, and Eafl- India Commodities in return for Gold- Du fly Ivory y GumSy and feveral Sorts of Dying Woods imported into Great-Britain ; but were it not for the Colonies this could not be done, as the Trade could not be fupported was it not for the vaft Afliftant Profit of Black Slaves for America ; it is from them we (hall receive, as has been proved by Experiments, all the Silk^ Hemp^ Flaxy Irony Pot-Ajhesy TViney Fruity Olive Oily DrtigSy and in fhort all the Commodities we are now dependent upon, and have from. Foreigners in the fame Parallels of Latitude in Europey Barbary, and Perjia ; it is from them great Part of the Revenue of thefe Kingdoms is derived ; and it is from them great Part of the Wealth we fee, that Credit which circulates, and thofe Payments that are made at the Bank and the Bankers in London refults ; and they are fo linked in with, and dependent upon, the ^w^r/i"^?/ Revenues and Remittances, that if they are ruined and ftopt, the whole Syftem of Public Credit in this Country will receive a fatal Shock. But what will your LandholderSy Manu- fa&urerSy Artificersy MerchantSy &'c. lay of the Impor- tance of your Colonies, and the Neceflity of going to War Xp regain and preferve them entire, if it cannot be done by other Means, when they refled: that if they are loft, they will lofe one Third of their Property and Bulinefs in gene- ral : % / ■IMKi »»■ fpmwm^m^'^ f 79] ral J for it is certain, that full one Third of our whole Export of the Produce and Manufactures of this Country- is to our Colonies, and in proportion as this diminifhes or increafes, their Eftates and Bufincfs muft increafe or dinii- nifh ; for as in the Body Natural a Finger can't ach but the whole feels it, fo in the Body Politic the rcmotefl and moft infignificant of your Colonies can't decay, but the Nation muft fuffer with it. Therefore the Mother Country muft needs rejoice in the Security and Profperity of every one of her Colonies, becaufe it is her own Security and Profperity; and the Colonies are to her as the Feet are to the Natural Body, the Support of the whole Political Frame. And they have enabled us to make the Figure we do at prefent, and have done for upwards of a Century paft, in the Com- mercial World, from whence we have derived Wealth, Power and Glory, and the greateft Bleflings given Man to know. Confider then, if you ought not to dired the whole of your Counfels and Arms to fupport a War, wherein, with the Being of your State, you aflert the Dig- nity of your Reputation, the Safety of your Friends, the beft Branches of your Revenue, and the Properties of your Fellow Subje£ls. - 7 hus much for the Necefllty of going to War, and theO""" Ability •''='*-' to carry on a Nature and Greatnefs of the Obied we are to contend for : y^ar againft Fram And now for our AbiUty to fupport a War vigoroully ands'^^^atcr tiua eftedtually. . ;; \ . >? i . , '. .. ever. i NMM \' ll l> It* h- •v^ [ 80 ] It is certain that the Exccfs of the Sinking Fund, ari- fing from the Rediidion of the Intereft of the National Debt, amounts to 1,300,000/ per Annutn at prefent, which with the Land Tax raifed to four Shillings in the Pound will yield 2,300,000/. per Annum over and above the or- dinary Services of Government. The Proprietors of the National Debt defire no Part of their Capital, but only the Intereft ; therefore this Sum may be applied to carry on a War, and whatever it falls deficient for the Purpofe to 1757, may undoubtedly be borrowed at Thx^Q per Cent, per Annum. For fuch a facred Regard has been paid to public Faith and private Property, on all Occa- fions, fince the Revolution, that Public Credit has gradually extended from that glorious Epocha to the prefent Time, and we were convinced the other Day that it never was fo extenfive as at prefent. But in 1757 ^^^ Excels of the Sinking Fund will be, from the Reduction of Intereft, the Salt Duty which will then be redeemed, and the Land Tax at F'our Shillings in the Pound, 3,200,000/. over and above the ordinary Exigences of Government, which is fufficient to carry on fuch a War as this Country ought, if pofllble, to carry on, I mean a Naval War in all Parts of the Globe without borrowing a Shilling. But if it fhould be found neceffary, as it always has been, to divert the Power of Fra?ice in Europe from being wholly bent againft this Ijland^ which if it was you would be obliged to keep great Part of your Naval Force at home for your own • 'j^fff^«5"iteiispP''HP^ [8, ] own Defence, and confequcntly annoy and diftrefs the Enemy the Icfs abroad, by attacking them in Europe on the Continent, and you fhoiild want to borrow a Million or X.WO per Annum : Such is the flouriftiing State of Public Credit, and muft continue to be, from a Senfc that the extraordinary Expence can be but temporary^ and that the Revenue of 2,200,000/. per Annutn to pay off in Times of Peace is perpetual^ that you can never want it. So that, however great a Paradox it may appear at firft Sight, this Country never was, in point of Finances, fo capable to go to War when it did not owe a Shilling, as at this Inftant when it owes 72,000,000/. For when was it that we had a (landing Revenue of 2, 200,000 /« befides the occafional Million from the Land Tax raifed to four Shil- lings in the Pound, and the ordinary Services of Govern- ment ? Or when was Public Credit fo extenfive for new Loans as at this prefent Time, tho* to all Appearance we are at the Eve of a War with the mod formidable Nation in Europe? And has it not often happened in former Times, when the Nation owed little or nothing, and Go- vernment was in the greateft Diftrefs for Supplies, that the People could not, or would not, either pay or lend them ? But what a great Aid will this Ability receive if the Occonomy of our American Colonies is put upon a wife and folid Foundation for the mutual Intereft of Great-Bri- tain and her Colonies ? Then they will require neither M Troops I i [ 8a ] Troops nor Money from this Country Tor their own De- fence, or tc drive the French out of the New Worlds or any other Afliftancc, but that of Men of War and the Maintenance of the regular Troops that have been ordered there from hence, let the War be ever fo long or difcon- tiguous, which will be not only . preventing a vaft future Expence, but the faving of the whole of the prefent for all Afrterica, except the regular Troops and Men of War. A Fund more than equal to thefe great and neceffary Services in America may be raifed in his Majejly% Colonies in fuch a Manner, ' As will free their Trade and Commerce from injudici- ous and deftrudive Impoils and Reftrii',:'-^ ^-!Xi \u:w^^.^ As *mt^fmm^f^ 1 As [83] As will ftccr clear of all the Difficulties, to the Satisfac- tion of King and People, in appropriating and ifUiing pub- lic Money complained of by the Crown, which has created the greateft Uneafincfs in the Colonies ; As will not opprefs, plague, and harrafs tlicm in the Col- ledion, or be moftly funk by the Colledlors ; And, As will enable Government to apply it in any Part of America, fo that the Strongeft fhall fupport the Weakeft, and the unexpofed the expofed, Colony 5 and all of them fhall ad in Concert againft the Common Enemy, without any of the Rifques and Difadvantagcs of tlie Alba7iy Plan of a Union. Upon thefe Principles, and with thefe Views, I fhall humbly propofe a Plan in my lafl Chapter, that appears to me to be adequate to thefe important Objefts ; and if it is carried into Execution, or fome other that will produce the like EiFeds, we need not fear driving the French out of the New Worldy for in our Northern Colonies we have upwards of 300,000 efFedive Men, and the French have not 30,000 in all New-France and Louijiani, , Now let us turn the Tables and look into the Finances The state of of France ; and here we find from Authority that they have „anccs. anticipated, or funk, their whole Revenue till 1761, fo that the King has not a fingle Branch but what is mort- gaged down to that Year at fix or feven fer Ceftt, Interefl, and which even he cannot refume without deflroying the whole Syflem of public Credit in his Kingdom. But by M 2 renewing ii (I i r ^. A u i ■ t f , [ 84 ] renewing fome Taxes he took off foon after the late War, and levying the twentieth Penny upon the Clergy, he will be enabled to boiTow, at exorbitant Intereft, immenfe Sums till his other Revenues are redeemed. However this miifl make his People, with the other peculiar Diftreffes accom- panying a War with us, very uneafy ; and his Power muft be greatly enervated to what it would be if his ufual Re- ' venues were unincumbered. And as to his North-Ame- rican Colonies, he can't raife a Shilling in them for their Defence, which with his paying upwards of 1,000,000/. Sterling per Annum in u ubfidies to foreign Princes, gives the bed Opportunity we can ever expe<9:, from his Fi- nances, to attack and reduce his dangerous Power. The Britifl) Our Fleet confifts of more than double the Number of and French ' Fleets com- Ships and Guns that the French Fleet does. But if the pared. French go on upon the Plan for reftoring their Navy, that they have purfued ever fince the Peace of Aix La Chapelhy their Fleet will in 1761 confift of a hundred and twenty Ships of the Line, and it does not exceed fixtj'-four of that Size now in the Water and building. Therefore nothing but a War can prevent this Branch of their Power from becoming too great for our Controul, and wbf^nevcr this ihall be the Cafe, adieu to all that is dear and valuable in this Country. Britijh and Notwithftandiug the Dutch are funk loWer in the Poli_ f^^'"f ^^Jjj'tical World, than ever their Country was in the Watery, pared. ^^ j^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ idQiQ powctful Ally of our own creating than this [ 85 ] than ever they were by Land, in the Emprefs ^een ; to her we are to add the Emprefs of Rujfia^ the King of Poland^ who is a Subiidiary Ally of ours, the King EleSior of Hanover^ the Prince of Hejfe^ the EleSior of Bavaria^ who is a Subfidiary Ally of ours alfo, and the King of Sar- dinia, In onpofition to thefe, France has the Kings of Sweden^ Denmark^ and Pruffta^ to whom flie pays an- nually inSubfidies 725,000/. Sterling ; and the EleEior of Cologne^ who has alfo a Subfldy from her, who it is more than pofTible are all the Allies flie can depend upon in cafe of a War with us ; for Spain, it is almoft impofTible to imagine will interfere as fhe can have no Intereft in the Quarrel, and it is more effential to her to preferve Peace with Great-Britain than all the other Powers of Europe ; and if flie does not meddle, it is highly probable neither Parma nor Naples will, as thofe two Courts are gready fupported and influenced by Spain, But to admit Spain does join France and declare againfl us, her Navy added to that oi France will then be no more than equal to that of ours in Ships and Guns, and the Spaniards cannot man their Fleet, nor the French vidual theirs, in time of War, fo as to adl with full and combined Force at once. There- fore if this fhould be the Cafe, we fhall have nothing to fear but upon the Continent of Europe, where there can be no other Authority at prefent than mere Conjedure for what Part our Allies, or thofe of France, will ad, or how far either Side fhall make it the Interefl of fome of the t . Powers .» • 7 ' '^^. « i * 4 «Jr^nr ^-'^^ , I"- ■Jf- » .• %.-^ 7Z^ £W ^/i5^ Third CnAPTEft;^ -i^rTt^'^ ^^ ^1 ,n.. Hn : •. "i *.''*. '^ 'T^r^^'TT^?^^^^ f..f "!!# * « j» •■■*;: ► •*.' A-"^** X,^T ■ *>.'. "♦ ^ E'R R AT. A. -> V » '"■'.. ■■••• "page 10. Line '3. read (hort for flione/ . ' 11; ■ 15. rftf^^* » T fc t ■ I • *• ' III. ■ysr T -» %: • ; ,-tF : f f^*r >vs ri'/'r '"• -r ■».!-• » i.-.-* f"-«» f» ■ t «v.; .^r. ^^ «. j ,*t ;. *». i^'sjg. lie- reft, of this Wors. will he puMifhed with ai > foffihkDiffatcb. ti. # '>,;■-.-< .<.!«^'' V^' r »*— —i* iiii >! ■•wmIm the •s m ancBy '^.'^ out *' tioi zw^. » :=-.'. S «.- I 4i ';54.:ir*^(