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m- > *^^~%mi^_.
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TIIK
M
^
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FREE GRANT LANDS
or
cA.]sr^r> A^,
FROM PRACTfC AL EXPERIENJE OF BUSH FARMING IN TIIH
i'REE GRANT DISTRICTS OF
MUSKOKA AND PARRY SOUND.
BY
TII08. McMUIiRAY, J. P.,
OKK OF THE tmsi SKTTLER.S IN DRAPER, AND EX RKEVK OF THE UNITED
TOWSHlUVn OF DRAPER, MACAUI-AV Sl'EPlIEXSON, KIC. ETC.
r-
B Pv A ( ' K B n I L)( i E, ONT. , CANADA :
PRINTED ANTD PUnMSIIKD AT THE OFFICE OF TIIK "NORTHERN ADVOCATE."
1871.
i
iM
THE
FREE am LANDS
Of
CA.1SI A.D^,
FROM PRACTICAL EXPERIENCP] OF BUSH FARMING IN THE
FREE GRANT DISTRICTS OF
MUSKOKA AND PARRY SOUND,
BY
THOS. McMURKAA', J. P.,
ONE OF THK FIRST HE'ITLERS IX DUXVEll. AND KX-UEKVE OF THE UxNITBD
TOWNSHtrS OF DRAPER, MACAJI,aY .slErilENSON, ETC., ETC.
BRACEBRIDGE, ONT., CANADA :
PRINTED AND '- bLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THB "NOBTHERIT ADVOCATE '
1871.
/"'
/
'"'' Entered according to Act of the rarliampnt of Caiia<!a, in the year One Thousand
Eight Hundred and Seventy-one, by 'J'homas McMurray, in the office of the Minirter
of Agricultur*. . -
t
.-■r*s£f';i-
I ■(.
^ttritatbn.
One Thousand
f the MiniHter
To the Ontario Governinent, in consideration of what it has done
to imnrove the navigation and promote, the development of the Free
Grant Districts, this work is respectfully dedicated by
THE AUTHOE.
% Cartr ai C^aiilr.
The Author hereby expresses his obligations to those persons who
supplied much of the information contained in this work, and takes
this opportunity of retur, mg his sincere thanks lor the prompt atten-
tion which was paid to his enquiries.
r
fi
PREFACE.
ho fa«t of „y bei,,,, the first settler in the Township of Draper
.and first Keove of the united TownsMps of Draper, Macauhy, SteplLn-
.ety heneo I have received letters from all parts of the world asking
or nrforjnauon ,Ao„t th, eo.ntry, and, although hard pressed for time
I have always „m,ng y responded to those appe,Js; but, in the opinion
«f the Author, the time has now arrived in the history of theLZ
of enquny There are tens of thousands in the United Kingdom ami
manye,, Canada who are anxious to know whether this clTr^
IS fit for settlement or not. ".ounirjr
With a vi,.w therefore, to put them in possession of the most reliable
.nfo„nat,on, tins work has been wiitten. Having resided in the s tU^
ment now for a,.„„t ten years, during whieh I have olosely watehedt
growth and development, and being i,. possession of many faet which
m St prove both n.teresting and instructive, 1 desire to gfve them tht
Brachp.uiihje,
21st February, 1871.
THOMAS McMUHRAY.
CONTENTS.
Frontispiece. page..
Dedication
A Card of Thanks '"
Preface ^
History of the early settlement of Muskoka
The Free Grant Lands of Muskoka,-—
Situation
Extent
Climate
Soil
Timber .
Scenery ,
Crops . . . .
Eoads. . . .
Progress.
Statistics
A new steamer.
Villages
Bracebridge.
Gravenhurst
Severn Bridge
W;i3hago
Muskoka Falls
View of Muskoka Falls,
Poem on " " _
Origin of the word Muskoka.
Port Carling
Port Sand Held
Kossoau
.opposite
2<^ipis&ing Junction.. .
Maganetawa
Huntaville
Early Reminiscences.
The Eice quarrel
AVild Beasts
Indians
Lost in the Woods
Vll
. 13
. 16
. m
. 16
17
17
17
19
21
22
25
26
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
37
37
'I
CONTENTS.
#
PAOE.
What brought the writer to Muskoka 39
Hinta to Emigrants 41
Queries and Answers 45
Prices of necessary articles 48
The route to Muskoka 49
Inducements to Emigrate, 49
l>ee G rants of I^and. 42
The Settlers JW
The Backwoodsman's Sorg 54
The advantages of Muskoka 55
The first Newspaper 56
Agricultural Show 58
Trade 6()
Sources of enjoyment 67
TheSloigh ride 68
The Wool-picking Bee 69
Concert 7 •
Social 71
Game i 72
Hunting 72
Fishing 73
Winter employment 7S
Extracts from the Surveyors' Eeports ; 73
The Friends of the Emigrant 78
Rev. A. Styleraan Herring, B.A. , 79
Hon. Mrs. Hobart 79
Colonel Maude, C.B., V.C 80
Visit of the Members of the Ontario Government ... 82
Further developments 8<5
Bush Raiigers 87
Experimental Townships 88
Religious and Educational 90
Church Deflication 9.^
A Black Picture 95
Muskoka calmly considered 103
The Press 107
The Rev. Dr. Newton 114
A Letter 109
The Settlers' Greatest Enemy 115
Railway to Bracebridge 116
Anson G. P. Dodge, Esq 122
The Free Grant Lands of Parry Sound : —
Early settlement 125
.Situation 12<I
vw.y..
.. 39
.. 41
.. 45
.. 48
.. 49
.. 49
.. 42
.. 53
... 54
... 55
.. 56
... 58
... 6(>
... 67
... 68 •
... 69
... 71
... 71
.... 72
,... 72
.... 73
.... 73
.... 73
.... 78
.... 79
.... 79
80
82
8<;
87
88
90
93
95
103
107
114
109
115
116
122
125
126
CONTEKT.S. 3l|
Extent ^^
Climate ..^
^«" ■■••'••■■■'■'™:::::z:::z
Timber j2^
^•^"^"^ ''^^'^^^^^'"'"''"'^r!^; 129
^•■"P^ 12»
I^oads jjj^
V^illage of PaiTy .Sound .^
tacilities - ,,^.
I Vw
^V"llo will succeed . ,,„
F'sliing " j!j.^
Townshij) of McKellar .1)
A ilominiscence .„_
„„ „ 1.15
IJic Route ^.
Byuglnlet '
ItrJ
Extracts from Surveyors" Reports , >..
Ontario . >„
., ^. 145
Jidvertisements _
HISTORY
OF THE
€mI^ ^tiilmtni oi Mukh
The Koad was commoiiccd at Washago, in 1853 ; Messrs, St. George-
and O'Brien were the contractors.
In the fell of 1859, Mr. It. J. Oliver was appointed Locating A"-ent at
$4 per diem, under the Government of the Hon. John A. Macdonald ;
Mr. P. M. Vankoughnet being Crown Lands' Commissioner. On the
1st of October, 1859, he met the settlers at the Severn Bridge and
issued about 17 locations — (on the Road only) — James H. Jackson
William Johnson, and John Young, James McCabe, David Leith and
the Simingtons, were the first settlers in the Townships of Morrison
and Muskoka. A small shanty had been opened as a tavern, and was
kept by a brother-in-law (Mr. Swift) of the late John Tipping, Esq.,
J. P., of Orillia, who purchased 5 acres off lot No. 1, west from
William Johnston. Donald Ferguson, a brave Highland Scotchman,
was the first settler in the Township of Draper, At this period the
road only extended to the South Falls, and the badge was not built ; but
"Donald," nothing daunted, crossed the river and located on a lovely
spot close to the Falls on the north side of the river. AVhile lots on
the road were located in the fall of 1859, it was not till 1861 that the
lands in the Townships of Morrison, Muskoka, Draper and Macaulay,
were thrown upon the market, and at the same time Mr. li. J. Oliver
was appointed Crown Lands' Agent. It was in the month of May, in
this same year, that the writer became a resident' of Draper — before the
Township Avas entirely surveyed. I cannot but refer here to the bitter
opposition which was manifested towards the Government by a portion
of the Press anrl a number of gentlemen, for attempting to open up this
part of Ontario ; every form of misrepresentation and abuse was sought
14
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF MUSKOKA.
after and circulated, and it was even asserted that it was only to
" afford situations for their friends" that the country was opened up.
The town of Barrie figured very conspicuously in their opposition to
the settling up of the North ; among the fault finders we might name
B., L. and M. ; but, as they have lived to see their error, we decline
exposure; but, as a sample of the opinion in which Muckoka was held
in those days, we may just state that M. told our author that "he
would not pay the taxes on a single 100 acres of land for all the land
north of the Severn. Muskoka has been much abused, still it had a few
earnest friends who have done their duty nobly. Mr. 11. J. Oliver
fought many a hard battle and silenced many a foe. "VVe find, on ex-
amination, that he wrote not less than 83 Editorials and Letters in
defence of the country. Mr. J. C. McMullen has also been a true friend
of the District ; and, by his willing pen, has won many friends in the
settlement.
Prominent amongst the early settlers stand the names of Mr. and
'Mxa. McCabe ; they opened a tavern at Gravenhurst in 1861, and many
a worn-out traveller has been glad to see their unpretentious log cabin
where they might rest their weary limbs and get some refreshment to
sustain nature. Never shall the writer forget his first interview with
" Mother McCabe." When he arrived there, he was hungry and foot-
sore • but he met with an " Irish welcome," and a dinner was served up
by " Mother McCabe " which would not have disgraced any Hotel
north of Toronto. The old log shanty looked dull outside, but within
all was cleanliness and order ; her clean white curtains kept out the
musquitoes in summer and cold in winter, while her feather beds
afforded sweet rest to many a weary land-seeker. How welcome was
the sight of the dim low light through the bush, to the weary travellier,
can only be fully appreciated by the early pedestrians when no horses
or vehicles wwre on the road ; there are hundreds in the settlement who
remember them, and some of them have cause to bless "Mother McCabe"
for her generosity.
The first death in the settlement was that of poor Johnston ; he was
drowned at the Severn bridge one Sunday whilst fishing. The poor
widow struggled hard with her two little boys — the elder not more than
9 years — and, with their help, she managed before she died to clear
iibout 8 or 9 acres ; but, alas, fell in the harness.
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF MUSKOKA.
15
} only to
[)ened up.
osition to
jlit name
/e decline
was held
that "he
the land
had a few
J. Oliver
id, on ex-
Letters in
true friend
ids in the
Mrs. William Gardiner and Mrs. Thomas McMun-ay gave birth to
the first children in Draper, and Mrs. Jolin Kelly to tlie first in Moiick.
The first lumber mill in the settlement was built in 1861, by John
Everbcck, a German, on the Kah-she-she-bog-a-mog River, near Sj)arrow
Lake, in the Township of Morrison ; tlic second was enacted by James
Grant ; the first grist mill also by James Grant, on the same stream
where it crosses tlie Muskoka Koad, 5 mile.s north of Washago.
f Mr. and
and many
log cabin
shment to
rview with
and foot-
1 served up
any Hotel
but within
pt out the
ither beds
;lcome was
y travellier,
no horses
ement who
»r McCabe"
#•
)n ; he was
The poor
) more than
ad to clear
THE
FREE GRANT LANDS
OF
MUSKOKA..
SITUATION.
Muskoka is conveniently situated, being only 121 miles distant from
the City of Toronto. Its location is in a direct line in the overland route
to the great North -West. Parties leaving Toronto in the morning can
reach the settlement during the summer months in a day, and the trip
is one of the most pleasant and attractive possible. The eastern and
western boundaries are situated within and between 79° and 80° west
from (Jreenwich. The geographical position of the settlement is good,
forming as it does almost a bee-line of travel from Liverpool to Vancou-
ver. It is the shortest route by hundreds of miles from the Atlantic to
the Pacific. AVho can predict the future of this section of Ontario 1 If
our Canadian Government Avould but manifest that enterprise which the
importance of the case demand^ before five years this route would be
open.
EXTENT.
The District of Muskoka comprises say 40 townships, of about 40,000
acres each, covering an area of over one million five hundred thousand
acres of land, capable of affording homes for one hundred thousand souls.
CLIMATE.
The climate is mild, taking into consideration the latitude 45'', N. — .
There is here perfect summer and perfect winter. The bracing atmos -
phere is very conducive to health, rendering it one of the healthiest cli-
mates under the sun. Save in cases of accident the doctor is seldom
seen here. There are slight falls of snow in November, but it never lies
till the beginning of December, when winter sets in. Snow continues to
i'all at intervals, till, in February, it sometimes attains a depth of 3 or 4
SCENERY.
17
mt from
nd route
ling can
the trip
;ern and
J0° west
is good,
Vancou-
ilantic to
irio ? If
hich the
vould be
feet. In Marcli it begins to settle, Imt is not finally gone till the 8th or
10th of April. In summer there is more moisture here than further
south, owing to the greater elevation and vicinity to the lakes, from
which cool breezes prevail. There is freedom from drought which is so
mischievt)us below, rendering the district peculiarly favorable for stock-
raising and the dairy. Owing to the salubrity of the climate and the
mineral nature of the water, many, who were sickly before coming here,
Jiave since become healthy and strong. If we have somewhat more
snow, we can fau'ly claim that, almost as soon as the snow is gone, the
land is dry for the plough, and soon ready for the seed. Wheat sown
in the last Aveek of April will be ripe by the second week in August.
Rains are abundant in spring and autumn. Fogs are rai-e. The hot-
test months of summer are July and August, and tho coldest months of
winter are January and February. During the winter nu)nths we enjoy
almost without interruption a fine clear sky, and the atmosphere is pe-
culiarly bracing. The Indian summer, which generally occurs in Octo-
ber, is a delightful time of the year. The sleighing season, in winter, is
also a pleasant period.
THE SOIL. ,
While large flats of clay are found in many places, the soil is mostly
of a loamy nature. The average amount fit for cultivation will probably
be two-thirds. One gratifying fact is that the land, on being cleared and
cultivated, has turned out much better than was anticipated.
TIMBER. - 4
The timber south of Muskoka Falls is principally composed of pint
of fair quality ; north of the Falls, a very perceptible change is notice-
able, the great proportion being composed of hardwood, consisting of
maple, basswood, beech, birch, elm, &c.
i^N. — .
ig atmos-
,hiest cli-
s seldom
never lies
ntinues to
of 3 or 4
SCENERY.
The sceneiy is varied, and in many instances extremely grand. At
Beaver Creek, about 9 miles north of Washago, the rocks rise almost
perpendicular near 200 feet, from the loftiest peak of which a deer,
being closely pursued, is said to have leaped down in .safety to the
valley below and thereby escaped.
/
18
FHKE GIUNT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
MUSKOKA LAKE
la one of the mofiit cliaiming slioets of water in this Provincp. There
<vro over 300 Islands dotting its surface, which, for beauty and variety,
cannot be excelled. That portion of the Lake between Gravenhurstand
the Narrows is exceedingly beautiful, and much admired by the lovers
of nature. Mrs. John B. Robinson, Mrs. Dodge, and other ladies who
have travelled extensively, j^ronounce the scenery to be equal to any-
thing to l)(! found on this continent.
THE MUSKOKA RIVER
Is very attractive and celebrated for the perfect reflection which is
everywhere noticeable — in fact, some declare that in this respect it is
equal to the far-fam^d Lakes of Killarney.
The Telegraph says : —
♦'LAKE ROSSEAU
Is perhai)s tlie most beautiful of the chain of water communication.
It is particularly placid, fdled with picturesque islands, and the shores
are wooded to the water's edge. In its general characteristics, it greatly
rcfsembles the celebrated Lakes of Killarney. The party landed at the
head of the sheet of water, at a place named Sandy Cut, but which,
before the party left, was duly christened Port Saudfield, in honor of
the Hon. J. S. Macdonald."
The Rev. Mr. Rogers, Presbyterian Minister, writes in the Eccord
for January, 1871, that " This Lake is a perfect gem of beauty, about
12 miles by 7, variegated by numerous islands, a place fit for a philoso-
pher's musing or a poet's fancy. This Lake will soon be connected with
Lake Joseph by a short canal, a lake of larger dimensions and much
spoken of for its lovely and vaiiegated scenery. It is also being con-
nected in the same way to Lake Muskoka at Port Carling."
Speaking of Lake Muskoka, he says : — " The scenery on this Lake is
unsurpassed by anything I have seen in the Dominion."
LAKE ST. JOSEPH.
This is a large and beautiful sheet of water connecting with Lake
Rosseau at Port Sandfield. The land adjoining this Lake is principally
timbered with hardwood and of very superior quality ; at one point it
touches very close upon the Georgian Bay, where a shipping port and
THE CROPS.
1»
cc. Tlierc
[id variety,
snhurstand
tho lovers
ladies who
al to any-
u which is
5spect it is
ixunication.
[ tho shores
5, it greatly
idod .it the
but -which,
n honor of
the Eecord
luty, about
[• a philoso-
lected with
and much
being con-
;his Lake is
with Lake
principally
ine point it
g port and
tovm will in all probability shortly spring up ; true, there arc other
parts where they have less rock and cun boa>t of letter farming country;
but there is no spot more healthy or romantic tlian this. Hero tho
sportsman and the pleasure-seeker can enjoy tho richest possible treat,
and men with shattered constitutions may hero have them repaired.
Ye broken-down millionaires, fly hither and recuperate !
The Kev. Alex. Kennedy, of Pickering, writes under date 2l8t Dec,
1870 :—
'' My intercourse with settlers, whether village or landward, gave mo
a highly fav()ural)le opinion of their intelligence, energy, stlf-ndiance,
and contentment. I do trust that, by diligent elTort and sobriety, they
will win for themselves prosperity in their forest homes. Of the soil and
climate of the country my very Kmited knowledge forhids me to speak
dogmatically ; but, from what I saw and learned, my conviction is that
both are better than your rocky southern entrance and your northern
latitude would lead a stranger to infer. But of your lake scenery I feel
free to spec k in the liighest terms. It has been my lot to see many
corners of creation in several and distant lands ; but, for romantic gran-
deur, I am not sure that I have seen anything to surpass Lake Musko-
ka, with its all but countless islands and its rocky and wooded shores.
Without much hazard of prophetic failure, tho day may be predicted,
and not far distant either, when the wealthy m our largo cities will
erect villas for the summer residenoo of their families on tho healthful
and enchanting shores of Lake Muskoka."
THE CROPS.
Splendid samples of wheat have been raised in the district, the yield
being large and the grain of superior quality. From practical exper-
ience the writer feels confident that, by good tillage and by paying pro •
per attention to tho rotation of crops, this staple can be profitably raised.
Oats grow luxuriantly and pay well, we have seen as good oats here as
we ever beheld either in Ireland or Scotland, and recommend Scotchmen
in particular to make Muskoka their home, for they will be certain to
have an abundance of oat-cake and porridge.
Indian com does well in some localities. It has been successfully
raised by the Indians since they can remember.
Great crops of potatoes and turnips are also raised, and of the very
best quality. Vegetables of all kinds do well. Apple trees, berry-bushea
20
FKEE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
and all descriptions of fruit-bearing plants seem to do well. Clover and
all the grasses are eminently successfnl even on the ridges ; snch a thing
f»s bumt-up pastures being almost unknown, the herbage being green
and fresh from early spring till snow fails again in the autunni. In a
wai m and well-watered country like this, crops can be rais(^(l on soil
that would be useless if subject to drought.
Mr. Walter Sharp, of lots number 4 and 5 in the 13th concession of
the Township of Draper, had 15 acres last year under oats, which yielded
DOO bushels, or 60 bushels to the acre.
Mr. Andrew Thompson, Postmaster at UfBngton, in the Township of
Draper, and District of Muskoka, planted an early rose potatoe weighing
one and three quarter ounces, and raised from the same sixteen and three-
quarter pounds, tlu's yielding 153 times the quantity planted.
Tlie Rev. Mr. Rogers, Presbyterian minister, states in the Eecord
for January, l871.
" The crops this year (1870) are excellent. I saw fields of oats that
would yield 50 bushels per acre, also very good samples of wheat and the
best potatoes I have ever tasted. I saw also many patches of Indian
corn, of excellent growth and fully matured, and ripe tomatoes in great
Abundance."
Tlie follov/ing is fiom the Northern Advocate :
Early Rose Potatoes. — The Rev. Mr. Hill, of Peninsula Farm,
Chaifey Township, planted two pounds of early rose potatoes, which
yielded 224f pounds. At this rate an acre would produce between
1100 and 1200 bushels. We place Muskoka against any county in On-
tario for jiotatoes.
Water Melons. — We have to thank Mr. Jacob Spence of the town-
ship of Draper for a valuable jiresent of superior water melons just re-
ceived. It was once thought that melons would not ripen here, but
tliis season has demonstrated that they can be raised, and that the qual-
ity is equal to any grown in Ontario.
From the Report of the, Commissi'mer of Agriculture and PuhUc JVorls
for 1870.
*' I am glad to learn that most of those who have settled on the free
:grant lands seem to be satisfied with their choice. The excellent samples
of wheat, oats, peas, &c., that were sent to my Department from the
neighborhood of Bracebridge, which did not arrive in time for the Pro-
ROADS.
21
'uhlic JVorls
Int froTn the
vincial Exliibition, clearly indicate the agricultural capabilities of the
Muskoka District, which, with other extensive areas of fertile land in
the course of being opened up to settlement in this Province, would
afford homes of peace and plenty to thousands of industrious families in
themother country, that arenowstrugglingwith disappointment and want.
"Respectfully submitted,
"JOHN CARLPTG,
*^Cu,amissioner.
"Toronto, January, 1871."
ROADS.
The prosperity of a country very much depends on the state of the
roads, and speed and cheapness in travelling have a great deal to do
witli commercial success. This fact has been long iccognized, and many
improvements have been made in order to secure this most desirable
■end. Half a century ago, Macadam introduced his system which formed
a new era in road making ; and, while we cannot boast of having atl-
Tanced so far as to have much macadamized road, still we are highly
favored beyond many settlers of former days. By the introduction of
ditching along the sides of the roads and elevating the centres, vast
improvements have beer made ; and the settlers have no cause to com-
plain, as the Government have done nobly in this respect.
The road from Washago to Muskoka Falls was commenced in 1858 ;
again in 18G4 the Government expended a large sum of money in doing
repairs, when detours were made at Hock-rock and Golden Creek,
which not only improved the road but added very much to the comfort
of the settlers. lu 18G6, repairs were made on the l*cterson Road
; (running through Draper) under the efficient superintendence of Mr.
^Oliver, whose engineering ability was ably manifested in the improve-
fments which he introduced.
In 1866 the Parry Sound Road was completed, thereby connecting
Lake Couchicliing with the Georgian Bay at Parry Sound Harbor — a
distance of 80 miles ; since then the Government have pushed road-
making through with vigor. A good plank and gra\el road has been
J)uilt between Washago and Gravenhurst, which is a gi-eat boon to the
leettlers. The Stevenson Road has also been extended and bridges
|fcuilt, thereby opening up a large section of good country. The Nipissing
load has also been o} nied up to the Maganetawau, and rapid improve-
lents are still going on.
9»
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
PROGRESS.
It is a satisfaction to find that, wi'h the confederation of the Provinces^
somt life has been thrown into this movement, and a deeper interest is
taken in the matter ; but ic is only of late that this subject has met
with that attention which it deserves.
The results of the past two years have been most encouraging, and
warrr it increasing exertions in this important department. The Hon.
John Oarling deserves the highest praise for the course he has pursued,
He has done all that could reasonably be expected, and has shown him-
self to be " the right man in the right place ■" and, from the opportuni-
ties which the different members of the Government have had of
judging of the success of those immigrants who have settled in this
district, I feel confident that they will be prepared to lend every
assistance in their power to promote a scheme which is so good for
individuals, and beneficial for the state.
It cannot be said that there has been a great rush at any time, still
the settlement has made sure and steady progress, every year having
added to its population and development. Morrison Township, the fi^^roi'
first through which you pass on entering the territory, possesses con- qj^q
siderable good land, although it is rough and rocky tlirough that part
penetrated by the Colonization Road ; still west of that and in the ji^^^
neighborhood of Sparrow Loke the soil is rich and the per centage of jj^,
agricultural land large; hence it has been settled by a very intelligent fpjj^
and indust nous class of inhabitants ; schools and churches have been ^^y
erected, miils and post-office? have been established, and the settlers jyjQ
begin to feel that brighter days aAvait them. Jay . j|
Muskoka Township, to the north of Morrison, has participated largely throu
of the spirit of enterprise which has everywhere characterized the settle [^ g^j^^
nient of this District. It can boast of Gravenhurst, a spirited and amjj^ q-j,,
bitious village, the centre of large lumbering operations, where the priii- \yji
cipal pai t of the steam boat building of the north is carried on, Thi-^ ^.h
township contains a large number of settlers, including not only the iiitj|| pi
dustrious poor, but men of position and wealth. A. J. Alport, Esq., Jjttty
P., of Maple Grove, has his ho?ne here. Wonderful improvements havcjAj^j^
been made in this township ; large clearances have been eflfected, ^^'Sfmg
everjrthing indicates great prosperity and perfect contentment. J^e a
ote
at
e
^
PROGRESS.
23
Draper Township has not been lacking in that energy which has so
ietrongly marked the history of the Muskoka Territory. Ths enterprise
itnanifested by the two first settlers, Mr. Donald Ferguson (a Highland
iBcotchman), and the author, who is a Lowland Scotchman, has been
;i|argely imbibed by all who have succeeded them, so that the develop-
f*nent has been most rapid, as will be seen by a reference to the statistics
aumished in another part of this work. One serious drawback to the
let'^lement of thr Township has been the difficulty of getting to the land
*|n the north side of the Muskoka River. However, notwithstanding
is hinderance, a large number of settlers have lately found their way
ither, and the number is constantly increasing.
The soil is very superior, and as bridges will shortly be built, it is
asonable to expect that very soon all the unocpupied lots will be
ken up.
Macaulay Township has great natural advantages, and is admirably
situated. The head of navigation on tlie north branch of the Muskoka
]|iver, where the thriving village of Bracebridge now stands, touches
i^e south-west corner of the Township. The soil is good, and settlers
ale rapidly filling up the Towuship. Settlement is progressing most
Township, the favorably, the prospects are good, and Macaulay is destined to become
possesses con- ©ne of tlie richest Townships in the District.
ough that part Stephenson Township has made great headway during the past year ;
it and in the JmiKlreds of settlers have been induced to take up land there, so that
per ccntage of itnow compares favorably with any in this section,
very intelligent TJ^e settlers are improving in their circumstances ; and not only can
les have been they live, but many of them are saving money.
and the settlers Monck ToM'nship is very conveniently situated to the west of Macau-
lay; it also is advancing with sure and steady i)aco ; no one, in passing
icipated largely through this District, can fail to notice that the settlers do not believe
rized the settle in standing still ; for, wherever you go, progress and rapid improvement
)irited and am 9^0 observable.
where the prin- "Watt Township has settled up quickly and the inhabitants are noted
ried on. Thi for their intelligence and perseverance ; new frame houses are taking
not only the ii'th* place of the old log cabins, and everything gives evidence of pros-
/Alport, Esq., ^pW^ty and succese. Besides those already enur.ierated, the Townships
rovements hav>)f ^IcLean, Brunei, Stisted, Chaffey, Cardwell, Wood and Medora, are
»n effected, a^'flipg up rapidly, and the accounts received from those Avho liave located
tment. h%e are most favorable.
le Provinces^
er interest is
ect has met
luraging, and
. The Hon.
has pursued,
3 shown him-
he opportuni-
have had of
ettled in this
o lend every
s so good for
any time, still
[•y year having
24
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOK \.
In 1868, Muskoka was organized into a Territorial District, and a
Stipendiary Magistrate was appointed ; the Cro>vn Land Agency then
became an appendage to that office, Mr. C. W. Lount receiving thf
appointment.
As an evidence of the growth of the settlement, I may just state thai
according to tlie Crown Lands Reports, only 1G3 persons located on
wild lands in 1864 ; whilst the Hon. John Carling stated in the Hous^
of Assembly, on the 9th of December, 1870, that no less tlian 139,00'
acres of land had been taken up during that year in the Muskoka D\<)
trict alone, and I may add that the past success of the settlement is ,
sufficient guarantee to all who shall hereafter locate that, with sobrietj
industry and perseverance, they may succeed. '
The following statistics Avill enable the reader to mark the stead)
progress which the settlement is making. I submit the Townships o!
Draper, Macaulay and Stephenson, simply from the facL that I avM'
Eeeve of said Municipality.
i
I
a
3
PROGRESS.
25
istrict, and a
Agency ther.
receiving tlv
just state that
ms located on
;1 in the Hous^
3 than 139,00'
! Muskoka Di4
lettlemcnt is
, with sobriet}
ark the stead}
e Townships
ac'o that I -vva-
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'«g ggs gg gg^y* *'
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00
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- s s s 3 3
56
rnEE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
THE "NIPISSING," A NP^W STEAMER.
The " Wenonah" has done good service to the settlers in the Mus-
koka district during the past few years ; while at the same time she
has proved remunerative to her enterprising proprietor, and I rejoice
that she has fostered a trade upon these lakes, which necessitates the
construction of a much larger vessel. I have thought that a description
of the new steamer ai, present building at Gravenhurst, would interest
my readers, and have therefore gleaned the following particulars, whicli
will give some idea of what she will be like when finished : — Her lengtli *
of keel will be 115 feet; length of deck, 123 feet; breadth of beam,
19 feet; breadth over all, 31 feet; gross tonnage, 150 tons. She will
be driven by a low pressure beam engine, manufactured by Messrs. F.
G. Becket & Co., of Hamilton. The length of stroke will be six feet
the bore of cylinder, 24 inches. Her boiler will be a return tubular
made of ^ inch Low-moor plate, weighing 8j4 tons. The whole con-
struction of this steamer is under the supervision of one of the most .|
experienced mechanical engineers and draftsmen in the Dominion. Tlu
contractor is Thomas "Walters, Esq. The master builder is Mr. RoIki
Robinson, of Kingston; and, all things considered, I feel justified i'
stating that she will be a model of design, comfort and beauty, beii,.
the exact copy of the " Emily May" in every particular, only one-sixt!
smaller. She is to be fitted up as a mail, ex-press, and passenger teamei
The latest improvements will be adopted in the build of her deck-
cabin and general outfit ; and she will be furnished in the most elegai
manner, so as to promote the comfort of those who shall sail in he
over our beautiful lakes. Her average speed will be 14 miles an how
and she is expected to be launched on the 15th of April next. I ic
tainly must congratulate the inhabitants of this district upon the ii
proved accommodation furnished ; while at the same time I wish .1
A. P. Cockburn success in his grand enter^jrise.
VILLAGES.
As the settlement fills up. Villages arise as a natural conscqueupl
The following sketches will no doubt pre e that the l>istrict is in -
prosperous state : —
\
fr
M
th
git,
pii
wa
w;
SCO
Thi
bal
anc
1)00
ing
ma:
(lur
is
the
nun
the
kee
E
(he
list
its '
tlie
;i bo
T
[ten
|«xce
inde
[has
VILLAGES.
27
in the Mus- |
ime time she |
md I rejoice |
cessitates the i|
a description i
vould interest
iculars, which
; — Her length'
adth of beam,
ons. She will
by Messrs. l\
ill be six feet
return tubular
rhe whole con-
le of the most I
)ominion. Tht^^
V is Mr. Rober:|
'eel justified ij
1 beauty, beiii^|
only one-si xtl I
3sengei ^teameri
of her decks
be most elegaiil
lall sail in Iwj
miles an hod
|il next. I cci|
!t upon the H
ime I wish m
iral conscqueM
District is inj
BRACEBKIDGE.
The viUage of Bracebridge is the most important in the District of
Muskolva ; it is situated in the south-west portion of the Townsliip of
Macaulay, 1 1 miles north of Gravenhurst, on the north branch of the
Muskoka River, at what is known a.s the North Falls, about 5 miles
from its influx Avith Lake Muskoka. When the writer first visited
Muskoka, in 1861, there was not a tree cut nor a settler to be found on
the present site — all was a dense forest ; in fact, there was no road to
it, and the only means of crossing the River was by walking over a,
pine log which fortunately spanned the stream, which I can assure you
was a dangerous experiment. What a change has taken j)]ace since then !
While I write, a hundred chimneys are sending forth their smoke and
scores of teams are driving past, giving evidence of activity and life.
There are 4 large hotels, 7 excellent stores, 2 saw-mills, grist-mill, 2
bakers' shops, 2 butchers' shops, 2 boot stores, carpenters' shops, sash
land door factory, blacksmith shops, cabinet warehouse, drug store,
book store. Court-house, Crown Lands office, Registry office, Jail, Print-
ing office. Churches, Schools, &c.. Orange Hall, Post-office with daily
mail, money order office, and P. 0. Savings Bank. Passengers can,
during navigation, come through from Toronto in a day. Bracebridge
is destined to become a town of great importance, situated as it is in
the centre of the District, surrounded by a rich farming country, with
numberless avenues all leading directly to it ; and, being on the route of
the Toronto, Simcoe and Muskoka Junction Railway, it cannot fail to
keep the lead, as it has already taken it.
Bracebridge is now certain of being made the present terminus of
the T. S. & M. J. Railway. The Government has placed it upon the
list of those lines entitled to aid, and has granted $4,000 a mile towards
its construction from Washago. The Company, anxious to penetrate
the back settlements, have pledged themselves, on the Townships giving
a bonus of ^50,000, to construct the Road with all possible speed.
This village at present is a more important place than Orillia was
ten years ago, and the commercial position of this village in 1871 far
ixceeds the standing of that village in 1861 ; and, if the past be an
index to the future, we shall gain more during tlie coming five than it
.as in the past ten.
■Ma
28
FREK (IIIANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
A SHORT SKETCH OF THE RISE riD PROGRESS OF THE
VILLAGE OF GRAVENHURST.
Ten years ago, tlie prasent site of the village of Gravcnhurst was a
wilderness of pines which flourished in all their primeval grandeur.
But, as the resources and advantages of the country became gradually
known to the outside world, eager immigrants from the mother coimtry
and land seekors from the older settlements canio h*^re ; amongst those
Messrs. Jas. Sharp, senior; David "Wright, Joseph Brock, Edward and
James Hewitt, and Jas. McCabe, the last-named party also being pro-
prietor of the " Free Masons Arms" Hotel. The progress of Graven-
hurst and vicinity was necessarily slow for a few years.
Messrs. P. Cockburn & Son, commencing lumbering operations in the
country during tlie winter of 1865-'GG, gave an impetus to industry and
advancement previously unknown ; they purchased logs from the set-
tlers and gave them employment during the winter months, soon con-
vincing the inhabitants that pine trees were useful for other purposes
than being burnt into ashes. Mr. A. P. Cockburn, M.P.P., contributed
very materially about this time to the welfare and progress of the settle-
ment by placing a steamer on Muskoka Lake, built near Gravcnhurst
wharf, and known as the " Wenonah ;" he also opened a general store,
distinguished as the " Montreal Store," — since that the country has
steadily progressed.
Gravcnhurst is pleasantly situated on a gentle declivity between Mus-
koka Bay and Gull Lake ; it is distant from Toronto, lOG miles ; from
Orillia, 26 miles ; from Severn Bridge, 12 miles ; and from Bracebridge,
1 1 miles. It is connected with Lake Couchiching by a new plank and
gravel road constructed during the past summer. The principal build-
ings are Brown's hotel, Mr. Cooper's new building, the Queen's hotel,
the stores of Messrs. Cockburn & Co. and George Clarke, the Episco-
palian Church. Messrs. Sibbald & Chamberland are building an exten-
sive shingle mill, and Messrs. Cockburn & Co. a steam saw mill ; a
planing machine and sash and door factory are also to be run in con-
nexion with the saw-mill.
A. P. Cockburn, Esq., is constructing a fine new steamer on Muskoka
Bay, which he expects to launch in the month of April next. I
might mention that James Sharp, senior, is general agent for the
different steamers and the " Union Line " at Gravenhurst, Tlie lumber-
I
" SKVKRN RR[DUE.
2^
OF THE
irst was a
grandeur.
gradually
ler country
[)ngst those
dward and
being pro-
of Graven-
tions in the
ndustry and
om the set-
s, soon con-
ker purposes
contril)utcd
of the settle-
Gravenhurst
eneral store,
country has
ictween Mus-
miles; from
racebridge,
w plank and
ncipal build -
)ucen's hotel,
the Episct^-
ing an exten-
saw mill ; a
run in con-
on Muskoka
ril next. I
iagent for the
Tlie lumber-
in" firm of Ilotclikiss, Iliigiison <S: Co. have an office at tlii.s point. The
only places of -.vorship nt present are the English Church and school-
house. Two new churches and a public hall are in contemplation. Tlio
medical profession is represented by Dr. J. Adams, of Nova Scotia.
Amongst the expectations are the Toronto, Simcoe and Muskoka Junc-
tion Railway, and a branch of the Montreal Telegraph Line. Being
situated at the foot of navigation, (Jravenhurst does a large and increas-
in"' trade. The .steamer IFeiiouah calls at the wharf twice each day.
The tillage is favored with a daily mail, with a through mail from
Toronto during the season of navigation,
" SKVEliN BRIDGE."
This part of Morrison was first settled about 1858. The first settlers
were James H. Jackson, William Johnston, and John Young. It was
then the farthest point north that was settled. The next season five or
six families more came in among them, the Messrs. Symingtons and a
few families of Prussians. The first st.re was owned by O'Brien & Co.,
of Orillia, in the house now occupied by Mr. Mackenzie as an hotel. The
next store was kept by a Mr. Gray, and H. W. Dillon opened a tavern.
There is a good plank road, splendid water privilege, a first class hotel,
two excellent stores, one kept by Mr. Jackson, the other by Mr. Samuel
K. Thomson, who luis named that part of " Severn Bridge" Sandy Row,
in honor of that loyal part of Belftist, Ireland ; tliey are first class
stores and refiect credit on the enterprising proprietors. Tliere is also
a Town hall^ Orange hall, blacksmith's shop, and carpenter's, and wood-
tui'ner's shop. A new bridge has been built this season by (xovernment,
under the able superintendence of W. L. Owen, Esq., and it is said to
be one of the best got up bridges north of Toronto. Severn Bridge is
two miles north of Washago and is vc ly rocky immediately at " Sandy
Row," but there is a great deal of good land in Morrison and the ad-
joining townships. Two miles up the Severn River are the falls ; these
are beautifully picturesque, and will repay tourists for their trouble in
visiting the same. Four miles down the river are Grass and SpaiTow
Lakes, justly famed for their fisheries. There are some Prussians around
Sparrow Lake, and tlie other settlers are a mixture of Irish and Scotch.
[The settlers in Morrison are noted or tiieir loyalty.
2
30
FllEE GHANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
AVASHAGO
Is a little villfigi at the head of navigation, on Tiuke (.'ouchiching,
12 miles north ot'Onllia, and forms the entrance to the Free (Jrant dis-
trict of Muskoka. Here the steamboats land their freight and passen-
gers. It contains an hotel, post office, and saw mill. Many have tin-ned
Taack on their arrival here, and it is not mnch to be wondered at, for the
scone is anything bnt inviting, liock is veiy prominent, but I assnro |
my readers that if they will penetrate the settlement, a more pleasing
prospect will meet their view.
MUSKOKA FALLS.
Muskoka Falls is situated on the north-west corner of tlu^ Township
of Draper, at the junction of the Peterson line of road >vith the Mu.skoka
Road. It is 21 miles north of Washago, and 3 miles south of Brace-
bridge. . There is in this village a post office, with daily mail ; store,
hotel, school, meeting-house, &c. The soil in the neighbourhood is
good, and the country around is well settled. It is chietiy remarkable
for the beauty of its scenery. The Grand Muskoka Falls are always at-
tracti%'e to tourists, and much admired by the lovers of nature. In the
spring of 1866 a scene of unusual interest presenter itself. In former
years the spray had fonned an arch over the Falls, but on this occasion
it assumad the form ot a cone with a crater, and from its mouth tlui
spray came boiling forth in awful grandeur, ascending at least 100 feet.
It might be compared to a mighty, massive silver fountain, sending forth
its sparkling waters. Any one who has witnessed Vesuvius, burning in
Lis fury may form sonu* conception of this grand siglit. As I gazed
upon the scene a double rainbow spanned the Falls ; countless icicles
were hanging from the branches of the tall pines as they bent gracefully
over the cataract, and I wished that the world might be jirivilegod with
the sight. I drove some distance in order to get an artist to take a
negative, but the spray was so great that a good picture could not be
obtained. Multitudes of those who love the sublime and })i( turcscpTc
take a trip^hither once a year; and, when we consider that the Falls are
175 feet in height, and that 3,670 tons of water per minute rusli
through this narrow mountain gorge and descend to the basin beneath
with a voice like thunder, it is not to be wondered at that visitors from
almost every part of the continent liave carved their names on the
#
Jouoliiching,
Grant dis-
iind pa.sson-
lijivc tunu'<l
I'd at, for tho
but I a-ssure
ore pleasing
111' Township
tlic Muskoka
til of Brace-
mail ; store,
libourliood is
f I'emarkablc
\\v always at-
ure. In the
. Ill former
tl-.is occasion
,s mouth the
ast 100 feet,
sending forth
IS. Inuiung in
As I gazed
iitlesa icicles
L'ut graccMly
•ivileged Avith
ist to take a
could not be
I picturesque
tlic Falls are
minute rush
basin beneath
visitors from
names on the
tl:
MUSKOKA FALLS.
:J1
])rulg<' that Hpjins th«> (Jnm.l Miiskokii Falls. Tin; wi-itiT is not n littl»>
promi of tlu' tlioiij^ht that he was on*' of tlu; first to carve liis naiiii! on
that wonthnful record,
MUHKOKA.
Here lumry rockH tliat cmiiitlosB ages past
Hive bravM the force of winter'n wihlcHt blast,
Ami scorching heat of Hiimmcr's fierccHt ray,
Those rugge<l, Iteetling crags of granite gray,
With awiul majesty, suhliniely grand,
In all their native, an'nont, niosa-clatl glory stand.
Behold the niai le grovcH in hriglit array,
Tlieir gorgeous tints anil l)rilliant hues display.
Among their short-liv'd fading ghuies see,
Emhlem of constancy, the hemlock tree, —
That ever green its H|ireading Immches show,
Alike in summer's sultry heat and winter's chilling snow.
Above tlie hemlucks green ami maples bright,
The sombre pine uplifts its stately height —
Its cone-caiii)'d head above the other trees.
Its tasscl'd i^iliage trendiles in each breeze,
And nindile re<l sijuirrels sport and wild l)iril8 sing
Among the waving branches of the forest king.
The wild duck skims along the glassy lake.
The wild hare fearless plays among the brake ;
In glens where foot of white man ne'er hath tnxle,
The sliaggy bear and fox make their abode ;
And through the \astuess of tlieir furest liome.
The graceful l)0unding deer and savage wild wolf roam.
The calm, unrutlled river ipiiut Hows,
Save when some sudden breeze mars its repost;, '
Or when some scaly tenant of t'. e Hood
Darts forth his shiny length in (piest of food ;
Or o'er its smooth and placid surface glides
The fi-agile bark canoe the skilful Indian guides.
But see now, bursting through the narrow gnrge^
Its wildly rushing torrent seethe and surge,
One l)()iling (uiiss of toam, from rock to rock, —
It falls, it bounds, with ijuick successive shock.
The thundering noise the rocky banks resound,
And waken countless forest echoes far around.
The rocks toss uj) the foam in si)ortive play.
And glittering rainbows sparkle in the s])ray ;
The awful scene, the deaf'ning roar appals —
•Sublime, majestic, (irjind MuskokaJalls !
That mock the puny arts of man, and st.aud,
The wondrous mighty work of an Almighty han<l.
But more, the scenery sul)lime and grand :
See yonder, where the stalwart choppers hand
Has fell'd the woods and cleared the trees away,
And fruitful crops his labor well repay.
The seed he sows a plenteous increase bear.
And well-tilled granaries reward his prudent care.
32
FREE GRANT LAENS OF MUSKOKA.
; }
Sec through you field, how patiently and slow
The meekly lab'ring, well-fed oxen go,
And pull the plough to hreak the fertile soil
That yields rioh harvests for the settler's toil ;
Or homeward draw the heavy loaded wain,
To fill the bursting barns with sheaves of golden grain.
A happy home where peace and plenty dwell,
And ruddy cheeks of health and comfort tell ;
And while they robust, vig'rous strength enjoy.
In useful tasks the woikuig hours emyjloy.
« With pleasures true n'ld real contentment blest.
And honest labor makes thrice welcome evenhig's rest.
Draper, ISG't.
MuskoKa is a transformation of the Indian word Musqnoto, signifying
clear sivy, or no clouds. Intelligent Indians inform us that Musquoto
was the first Indian who discovered Muslioka Lake and Kiver, and that
they took tlie iianie of Musquoto from this fact ; and, by some trans-
formation on the i)art of the whites, Musqiioto has been transformed
into Muskoka.
PORT CARLIXG.
This thriving village is situated in the Township of Medora, on the
banks of the Bia:iong (Tluuider lighLuing) river, on both sides of the
rai»ids from whence the river derives its name. The village has been
named in honor of the Hon. John Carling, through whose practical
knowledge of and well-known intei'est in the improvement of the route
of communication with the Free Grant District, a Lock is in course of
t
construction to enal)le our line of steamboats during the season of
navigation to traverse the Muskoka, Kosseau, and Josepii Lakes. This
lock is in the centre of the village plot which has been surveyed, and
will soon be in market, in lots of different sizes, for building purposes.
These lots are well arranged and beautifully situated, sloping gently
down to the river; some have a little roll.ng stone, but the majority are
good clay loam and Avill prove a good investment to the i)urchaser.
Already there are several houses, hotels and stores, doing a brisk busi-
ness, so that intending setth;rs will be favorably circumstanced in fixing
up in the bush. The land on Joseph Lake is remarkably good ; and,
as it is contiguous to the Georgian Bay, a ready market for all produce
will soon be within reach. To ohow the rapid progress of settlement
in this delightful neigh bo rhooil, I have only to mention that the first
settler, Mr. Michael Bailey, came in to this place in June, 18G5, and
now there are scores of settlers all around and many more coming in.
PORT SANDFIELD.
33
.ignifying
Musquoto
and that
me trans-
la.sformed
•a, on the
les of the
; has been
practical
the ronte
course of
season of
Ikes. ThU
eyed, and
purposes,
ing gently
ijority are
purchaser,
brisk busi-
l in fixing
ood ; and,
all produce
settlement
\t the first
18G5, and
coming in.
The traffic per steamer " Wenonah " has been as much a.? she could
carry; and the " AVabamick," on Lake Kosseau, has had her capacity
fully tested during the season of navigation just closed. Arrangement!?
are being made for a school which will be in operation in a few days,
so that educational privileges will Ije within the reach of most. Keligious
services are held fortnightly by the Wesleyans from Bracel)i-idge, and
otlier ministers come occasionally. The Orangemen are about building
a hall, which will be completed early in spring and be (piite an orna-
ment to the village and a great pul)lic benefit.
There is a post-oftice kept in the store of J. D. Cockburn, Escj.,
whose attention to that pait of his business entitles him to great
respect ; and a Land and general commission oflice, under the superin-
tendence of Mr. G. C. Hazlewood, who will be most happy to sji]»ply
information to inquirers. A Colonization Eoad has been made, con-
necting Port Carling and Bracebridgc, some eighteen miles distant, so
that in .summer and winter our channels of communication are good.
Upon the whole, the claims of this neighbornood upon the attention of
intending settlers arc great ; and the fact of our liaving a daily mail in
.summer, and twice a Aveek during the winter, supplies all that which
such h new country could be expected to furnish.
PORT SANDFIELD.
This place is a cut made by Government to give steamboat communi-
cation between liosseau and Joseph Lakes, and is named after the
Honourable J. Sandfield Macdonald, Premier of our Local Legislature.
The ceremony was duly performed by the Rev. A. Styleman Herring,
B.A., London, Jlngland, during liis trip into the Free Grant Territory
in the summer of 1870. It is about three miles in a bee line tu the
west of Port Oarling, and about five miles by^^water. It is every way
likely that a village will rise up here of .some importance.
ROSSEATJ.
This village is at the head of Lake Rosseau, it contains a post-office,
large summer hotel, and some stores.
XIPI8SING JUXCTIOX. *
This villag(; is only about a mile distant from Rosseau,. 22 m.iles from
Parry Sound, and 32 m''es from Bracebridge, at the junction of the
34
FREE CJRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
PaiTy Sound and Nipissing Colonization Roads. Here thei.'e is a post-
office named Ashdown, a large hotel kept by Mr. Richard Irwin and
several good stores ; there is also a blacksmith's shop, and the proispects
of the place are cheering.
MAGANETAWA.
Maganetawa is situated half way betAveen Rosseau Junction (at tlie
head of Lake Rosseau), and Lake "sipissing, and is about 31 miles .lis
tant from both. James Miller, the first settler in this section, located
here in October 1808, his nearest neighbour at thdt time resided at
Rosseau .Junction ; his example has encouraged other.s to follow, and
now there is a good settlement and considerable clearing, some having
not less than 30 acres under cultivation. A village is just starting,
and at this point a store and post-office are much -M-anted. Land
seekers have y\v the advantage of a good colonization road, the soil is.
a good clay loam, and it is asserted by some that there is no less, tha
80 per cent of it fit for cultivation. There is a splendid water pri' Uii.'
hen- on which Mr. Miller is ei-ecting a saw-mill ; a good Sabbath-
school is also kept up for the benefit of the children. I have no hesita-
tion in stating that Magauetav/a will yet be a place of considerable
importance, iU situation is excellent.
HUNTSYILLE.
Huntsville is situated on the Vernon River, near its mouth or conflu-
ence with the waters of Fairy Lake, in the Township of Chaff'ey. The
Huntsville post-office was opened January, 1870. Two stores are now
being built, with cheenng prospects, on the part of the spirited proprie-
tors, of doing a good Imsiness. The Muskoka Road has been extended
to this place a few months ago, and a very substantial bridge spans the
waters of the Vernon. Lakes Vernon, Fairy and Peninsula, are all
beautiful sheets of water in this vicinity, abounding with a great variety
of fish ; 'Nvhile their sloping banks and beautiful forests have rendered
them objects of delight to the admirers of rural scenery. The land in
the vicinity of these Lakes is of a superior quality, which is being,
rai)idly cleared of its timber ; and wavi^ig fields of grain, with the most
abundant crops of potatoes, tV'c, amply reward the enterprising settlers
for their toil.
Maple, elm, basswood, hemlock, birch and iron wood, maybe regarded
EARLY REMINISCENCES,
85
as the prevailing kinds of tinnlHr. Pine is scarce, yet tliero are some
fine specimens both of the white and Norway i)ine. Tlie land is well
watered by numerous springs and creeks; swamps are seldom found,
■while the old laurentian formation of rock, cro]>s out on almost every
lot of land; but this rock is not deceptive to the agriculturist, as he
may dig or plough close beside the visiljle rock witlu)ut obstruction.
Hunters report much good land north and east of Franklin and Cliatfey.
The ex/cnsion of the Muskoka Road to form a junction with tiie 15ob-
caygeon Road, on the cast of Franklin, would l)e a great boon to this
section of country. To effect this, a petition, numerously signed, has
been forwarded to Parliament. The influx of settl(!rs to the vicinity of
these Lakes during last summer has been v<'ry great, yet there is much
good land to be given away. Preparations are being made for the
erection of churches and mills next summer.
EAELY EEMINISCENCES.
THE RICE QUARREL.
In the- earj-ly settlement of Draper, three families resided together
until they would have time to erect a separate house for each. One of
the women had brought in a quantity of rice, which mysteriously dis-
appeared little by little ; and, after having been robbed of her entire
package, she gave expression to her su-spicion that one or other of the
women must have been interfering with the same ; this gave rise to a
lenible quarrel, and made a wide breach in those three ftimilies ; a
eparation took plac(>, and considerable sensation was created.
After some time Ugh: w^s thrown upon the whole aftairin the foUow-
iii^ manner : — one of the men cut down a hollow tree, and as he was
cutting it up, you may judge his surprise as the rice came running out ,
the thief was at lait detected ; a naughty chip-monk or squirrel had
found its way into ths shanty, and as there ha})]iened to be a crack in
the box which con^^ained the rice, an entrance wa;ii effected, and little by
little it removed tlie stock in order to complete its winter store, but the
woodman's axe bhisted its hoi)es, cleared the innocent, and shamed the
quarrellers.
V
36
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
WILD BEASTS.
No fear need be entertained with reference to ■wild animals ; I have
bo<^n in the settlement for about ten years, during which period not a
single case of injury has occurred. The sight of a wild animal is very
lare ; shortly after I settled in Muskoka, as I was on my way to the
Severn Bridge, I saw a large gray wolf ; it was crossing the road near
where James Boyd now lives, about a mile north of Grant's Mill ; when
it heard my footsteps, it stopped. I shall never forget how I felt as I
looked for the first time upon this noble specimen of the North American
wolf ; there it stood about 20 yards off, with glaring eyes, pricked up
ears, and bushy tail, After w.; looked at each other for a few seconds,
it turned rouad aiid walked away in the direction from whence it came
as cowardly at < ssible.
The wolves ox 'a are not to be compared to those of Russia in
ferocity ; besides, de; . are so abundant that they seldom know Avhat hun-
ger is. I have heard them howHng as they were on the pursuit, and the
sound is anything but pleasant.
The bear has been often seen, but has never been known to attack
any one. They invariably flee from the face of man, and never give bat-
tle unless in defence of their young, to which they are strongly attached.
The lynx is very rare, only one having been shot in the District. As
an evidence of the perfect safety which we enjoy, I may state that not
so much as a lamb has been destroyed by any wild animals in this neigh-
Ijourhood.
INDIANS.
Few Indians reside in the District, but numbers of them pass through
it on their way froni Rama to their hunting grounds. They are a very
quiet, inoffensive people, fond of jewellery an?l gaudy attire. They sing
very sweetly, and the squaAvs execute some nice bead work, Avhich dis-
plays great taste. It is amusing to see them gliding along in their bark
canoes. They are dying off very fast, and I fear that they will soon be-
come extinct. Some of them, however, live to a good old age.
Old Chief Yellow-head died in 18G5, aged lOO years. He was an
honest Indian, much respected by all who knew him, and ho continued
to frequent his hunting grounds till a few days liefore his death. On his
last trip he called at the residence of the writer, and i ?mained over
night.
EARLY REMINISCENCES.
37
LOST IX THE WOODS.
very
sing
(lis-
)s*rk
a lie-
is an
nued
nhis
over
The following was Avritteii some years ago, on the occasion of Moses
Richardson and his wife getting lost in the woods ; Draper township
was then but thinly settled, and the sensation it created in the settle-
ment was intense ; I happened to be one of the party who wept in
search of the missing ones. Persons unacquainted with the bush
should be careful not to penetrate far into it, unless provided with a
compass. "What means this blowing of horns, firing of arms, and the
oft-repeated ' Hoop, whoo' that greets the ear and arrests the attention
■of every settlor?" "A man and his wife are lost in the woods" is the
prompt and e.xcited reply. How sad is every countenance, how agitated
-every breast, how anxious every neighbour! The unhappy pair had
gone in search of their cattle, mistaken their way, and got lost in the
dense forest ; with wild desperation they are forcing their way through
the thicket of the swamp, or ascending the rugged mountain's brow, or
'^limbing over logs vaiidy in search of the home they left ; but, alas,
they are totally bewildered and every step they takt leads them farther
from "The dearest spot on earth," "Home, sweet home." The neigh-
bors now begin to collect from all points of the compass ; they form
themselves into companies, and decide what the signal shall be in case
the unhappy wanderers are found. Animated by a noble iihilanthropy
they start, cheered by the happy thought of saving the lost ; for hours
they pursue their difficult task ; crossing deep gullies, ascending almost
perpendicular heights, then going down steep precipices, they onward
go ; the sun begins to sink in the western sky, the shades of evening fall
upon them, the dark curtains of night at leugtli are thrown around
them ; to proceed farther would be folly ; in the dark they might pass
the objects of their search ; an eminence is sought and a tire is kindled,
in order to attract the notice of the lost ones ; the searchers gather
around it ; a little bread and pork, with some " bright water" from the
bi'ook that tlows at the mountain's base, form i-heir evening meal ; no
levity characterizes their conduct ; there is but one expression visibhi
on each countenance, and that is sadness ; hemlock brush is cut and
spread that the weary searchers may rest themseh'es thereon ; sleep is
out of the question; their trouble is too deep for t>iem to enjoy "Na-
ture's sweet restoier, balmy sleep." The solenni words, " Let us pray,"
for the first time ai'c repeated in this dense forest ; and, -on the still
-^w
S8
FllKH GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA,
evening air, prayer ascends to Him avIio came " to save that which was
lost." Here, many miles from any human liabitation, prayer for the
first time is oftered by " white men" to " The (treat Spirit;" the miss-
ing ones are not forgotten, and earnest supplication is made that God
would direct their steps. But what of the poor wanderers ? — they are
"Weak and faint ; hunger drives them to despair and death ; death from
starvation stares them in the face ; the husband, as the only alternative,
urges his wife to cut a slici! from the calf of his leg in order to satiate
her craving for food ; but the fiiithful wif<! repiMliated the thought, and
replied that she would rather willingly die with her husband.
Moments of anxiety pass, and the long-looked for morning dawns,
the sun begins to peep in the eastern horizon, and after i)artajcnig
of some refreshment they agahi start on their mission of bumanity ;
the burning sun beams upon them, they wipe the perspiration from
their brows, and the iiies from off their necks, and uncomplainingly per-
severe over logs and swam])s ; now the coat of one of the party is caught
on a^ snag and rent to shivers, while another man's pants are almost
torn from top to bottom. Hark I Hark! the report of firearms informs
them of the fact that one of the companies has found the wanderers, all
fire off their guns in ecstasy and run in the direction of the firing to
catch a glimpse of " Moses" and his wife. Oh ! what a sa<l sight was
then presented to their gaze. Poor creatures, how sad their condition,
how weak, how changed, what wildness is in their eyes ; they are mad.
with fright, and are starving with hunger, as one pipe of tobacco has-
been all that they have enjoyed for over 48 hours ; the realization that
they were lost, tlie fear of death, and the lashings of a guilty conscience
for having gone out on the Sabl)ath-dny in search of their cattle (they
had been lost once before by disregarding the sacred precept "liemember
the Sa1)batli-day to keep it holy "), together with tlieir swollen limbs
and bleeding forms, completed their misery and nuido the sight paintu^
to behold ; still there was joy mingled with sadness, every eye sparkler
with delight, every countenance is lit up with a smile, all share in the
triumph, men embrace each other and weep for gladness, while the forest
rings with their shoutings and rejoicings. A little nourishment having
been administered to the sufferers, the friends form themselves in pro-
cession and take turn in carryirig the weak ones homo ; after reaching
the log cabin and bidding them an affectionate farewell, they turn their
steps homewards without a murmur, although they have travelled many
EARLY REMINISC?:NCES.
3f>
iliing
weary miles, scorched by a burning sun, and as they proceed tliey inform
every one they meet of the " Good news." " They r«^ found, tliey're
found ! " is the repeated f'.iculation, and all join m a sincere and hearty
"thank God, thank GaV
* IT- ( .
.1 (*>/ \.^''
WHAT BROUGHT THE WKITEIl TO ^lUSKOKA.
The question has often been asked, What brought you to Canada ? — and
how did you find out about Muskoka I Witli reference to the first part
of the enquiry, I have to state that, having a numerous family, we com-
menced to consider what was best to be dom? under such circumstances.
With our limited means we saw no prospect of ever being able to pro-
cure farms for them at home, so the tliouglit of emigrating began to oc-
cupy our attention. With regard to the second, 1 would state that the
Government, in 1861, sent Mr. J. A. Donaldson over to Great Britain
and Ireland, in order to make Canada known, and promote emigration
to the Provinces. It was announced in the Belfast papers that he was
staying at the " Plough Hotel," and would be glad to give advice to any
who were desirous of emigrating to Canada. I waited upon him, and
received a pamphlet, with map of Ontario, together with much valuable
information. In looking over the map, I was favourably impressed with
the position of Muskoka. Its proximity to Toronto, and its tmlimited
Avater fticllities, led me to conclude that if the soil was what the survey-
ors reported it to be, that eventually it must be-iome a plac(> of consider-
able importance. On the 10th of May, I8GI5 we set sail from London-
derry, and arrived at Quebec on the 20th, after a pleasant voyage of ten
days. m^''\'-: i:,^;^ ':sr..^*--*^-'-'-' ■> ^■- '■.-.T-i^^'iMlX'-fil^;-.-.- .-^-^rj^rv ■;■,■::4n■y^-:
On passing along the Grand Trunk, I was very much disheartened at
the appearance of the country ; but as we neared Toronto the scene im-
proved, and I thought Canada was not so bad a place after all. On our
arrival in Toronto, I rented a house for a month for my family, while I
proceeded to examine the Free Grant Land.? of Muskoka. At Orillia
many persons tiled to dissuade me from going there. One man said,
" If you go in there you will die, and there will be no one to buiy yon ;"
but notliing da'ut^d, I proceeded on my journey. On turivhig at Mc-
Cabe'.-; Taveiti, where the Village of Graveuhurst now stands, I hired a
flat-bottomed boat, and rowed across Muskoka Lake, and up Muskoka
River to the Noi-th Falls, now known as the Village of Bracebridge,
which is the centre of the District. Here I was welcomed by Mr. JameS'
f-Ji
■»"^
40
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
Cooper, to wlioin I liad a note of mtroduction from K. J. Oliver, Esq.,
the Crown Liinds Agent. After spending a night at the camp, near
where the whaif now stands, I proceeded to Draper, and met with Mr.
Richard Ilanna, who "was emph)yed by tlie Government in opening np
tlie Peterson Line of Eoad, who rendered me all the service in his power,
and to whom I feel much indebted. After examining the land pretty
thoroughly, I selected 400 acres on the banks of the south branch of the
Muskoka liivei", about two miles east of the Grand Muskoka Falls, and
succeeded in getting Mr. Hiiiina to quit road making, and fall to and
chop ten acres of land, and build a log hou;,e, all of which he promised
to have finished in a month, with the assistance of his men. I then
Avent back to Toronto for my family, and, at the expii*ation of the month,
returned, expecting that my house would bo finished ; but, while the
frame was erectf^d, it wan destitiite of floors aiul roof ; so we were obliged
to make a shaka-down, with nothing but the blue canopy of He/iven for
our covering. On retiring to rest all was pleasant, but at midnight the
clouds began co gather, the lightning played, the thunder rolled, and the
rain descended in torrents. There we were — out in the wild woods,
miles from a human habitation. Moments of eternal duration pa.ssed
away, and at last the morning came, Avlien we got changes from our
chests, and a fire started. This was our introduction to l)ackwoods life.
The news soon spread that we had located at Draper Falls, and others
soon followed. The settlement has gone on increasing, until aiow the
Townsliip is well settled by a loyal and industrious })eople. Settlers now
can form no estimate of the superior advantages which thej'^ have over
the early settlei-s. When the writer first located, he had to float over
streams on rafts, was obliged to go 35 miles to the mill ; his nearest post
oiii.ce was 21 miles off, and he was destitute of stores, schools and chur-
ches, all of which the settlei's now possess in abundance. In fact, siich
has been the rapid growth and development of the District that the writer
coidd not inuigine that half a century could possibly jiccomplish what
has been achieved in a few years. It is truly astonishing how quickly
the forest becomes cleared.
"The rising hut of logs prepared with skili,
Beside the shelter of some neighboring liill,
The " settler's " home, of rude construution, stands,
The quick achievement of the neighboring hands.
Its sloping roof, of plank or shingle form,
Defies the dashes of the downward storm ;
EARLY llEMrNISCENl'ES. 41
llude as it seems to the fastidious eye,
Is atill a home where many comforts lie,
Where humble worth can rest from healthful toil,
And eat the products of the generous soil ;
Where female charms jvud virtues car. expand
Bcsrde the bounties of the well-cleared laud.
And honest labor indepeiulence win.
Far from the haunts of idleness and sin."
ft
I must say that several things impressed me very mucli on my arrival
in this country ; the first was the vast extent of Canada, the enormous
area covered witli woods and forest, its great Likes and noble rivers.
Another thing that arrested my attention was, the advancement which
it had made — Toronto, as regards buildings, business and beauty, being-
superior to many old country towns. I also noticed that, while the
birds here are decked in gaudier colors than at home, yet they are very
deficient in song. The improved position of the la))ouring classes was
also very striking ; working men are not only better paid here, l)ut they
have better fare ; in this respect they enjoy perfect etpiality with their
employers, eating at the same table, and treated in e/ery way as equals.
HINTS TO EMIGRANTS.
THE BEST TIME TO ARRIVE.
If possible, get to the Free (Irant District by the first of May. In
order to get a little crop in, it is desir.able that emigrants get here as
early as possible. One week will be required to select your location,
another to erect a log house; then follows the clearing of some land
and cropping the same. It is not to be expected that much cMi be done-
the first season ; l)iit, by a little exertion, suflicient roots and vegetables
may be grown for family use, and even some oats and peas may be
raised. The writer has sown grain crops and planted potatoes as late
as the last of June, and had a good return ; but 1 prefer the month of
!May. Old country people have no idea of the rapiility with which
crops mature in this country, especially in new land.
ON LEAVING HOME.
Emigrants are often induced to maker a clean sweep and part with
almost everything they possess. It is urged, as a reason for this course,
■^^
42
FUKK GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
II
that the freight is so high that tlio cost wouhl overcome th«^ profit.
Now, there are many litth' necessaries, wliich, when sold, realize very
little; while those same articles, if kept, would be exceedingly valuable
in the bush and prove a source of much comfort and convenience to the
family as well ; therefore, do not sacrifice your conveniences ; they will
not take up much room, and the freight is nothing in comparison with
the comfort thtiy Avill confer, llemember to bring all your bedding and
'Nvearing apparel with you.
THE PASSAGE.
Provide yourselves witli some fresh eggs packed in salt, a piece of
:smoked ham, a few pounds of cheese, some pickles; and, if you are
Scotch, a ([uantity of oatmeal cake. Put these articles, together with
any other little conveniences, in a trunk which you will keep beside you
in your berth. All your boxes and luggage will be stowed away in the
hold of the vessel ; so, whatever you absolutely require on the voyage,
should be put in this trunk, which you will keep in your berth room ;
it will also servo as a seat.
MAKE FOR TORONTO,
The capital of the Province of Ontario, the business centre and seat
of commerce. The Free Grant Districts of Parry Sound and Muskoka
are reached from ' j. On your arrival in the city, inquire for JNIr. John
A. Donaldson, Government Emigration Agent, who Avill give all neces-
sary information.
A HOME IN THE WILD WOODS.
Havings* made up your minds to take advantage of the Free Grants
of land, lose no time but proceed without delay.
We have known some who, on their arrival, frittered away their
means and time in our cities, and then, when their money Avas all gone,
would make for the bush. Shun such folly, and do not delay a day ;
remember " time is money," and you will require every shilling you
have to enable you to clear your farin and to keep you till you raise some
crop, so do not waste a penny. On your arrival procure lists of the
uuoccupied lots and make a thorough examination of the land l)efore
locating ; this is of great impot-tance ; your choice is for life, and your
success or otherwise depends to a great extent upon the choice you
HINTS TO EMIGRANTS.
43
make. There is an abumlanco of good land to choose from. Some tjiko
almost the first lot they see, without i)roper examination, and after a
time get discouraged. The plan i<r to take time, in the first instance,
and make a wise selection, then begin and Avork with a will.
The following is from the "Muskoka Settler's (Juide: "
The class of settlers best adapted for the country are strong able men
who will not be discouraged at every little incident they meet ; men
who have both vigour and courage to grai)])le with and overcome diffi-
culties ; men willing to live bare, work hard, and put up with many in-
conveniences for a few years. At the same time it must be observed
that there have not yet, and humanly sjjcaking never will be, such hard_
ships encountered in this settlenu'ut as have been known in many others.
There is the good Colonization Road, there are the mills and stores, and
there is employment to be got at good wages. These are great advan-
tages ; still, there is the land to clear and fence, houses and barns to
l)uild, and roads to make, and .any one coming here and I'xpecting to
find all the conveniences of an old settlement will be disappointed.
Those, on the other hand, who are willing to economize and work hard
for a few years may expect to see their^labor crowned with success and
to obtain and enjoy all the comforts of life in houses of their own. Many
have come here with only a few dollars and have got on wonderfully,
but not without losing much valuable time while working from home. A
single man, or one with a very small family, might make a commencement
with very little means. But to get oxen,, a cow, feed, seed, and provisions,
one would recpiire to have something like .^500 or £100 sterling, with
Avhich properly managed he Avill have every prospect of success. Many,
however, have gone into the woods with only an axe and a will to use it
and have been quite successful. In a new settlement there are always
persons willing to sell out for the purpose of raising a little money to
enable them to make a better start on another lot, and generally it will
be best for those who have sufficient means and not much exi)erience to
buy some partly improved place. Lots with from 10 to 20 acres cleared
may be got from $300 to $1000 according to quality of land and situa-
tion. In some localities lots with a few aci'es cleared can be obtained
for less. Men thinking of coming into the bush should consider well
before making a move. If they can do as well elsewhere they should
not come here, and similarly those who can benefit themselves by leaving
should lose no time in doing so. Thei*e may be some here who should
44
FRKK fJHANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
never have c(»ino ; but there are tniiny who am not hero wlio should be
here. Thone wlio have hvml and oonifnrtable homes of their own shouhl
stay where they are ; btit then^ are many on small farms, on rented
farms, and on mortgaged farms, with families of boys jOfrowing up, who
could here st'cnre homes both fen* themselves and thcii- sons — many
ptrong men who are hired out and working hard, who, if they would
oome here and work as hard fm' tlwrnselirs, would soon bo independent.
There are many able-bodied men living in cities, paying high prices for
provisions, house-vent, and Hre-wood, and losing theii- health into the
bargain, who hcrfi woidd get land of their own for nothing, a house of
their own for tlu; raisir.g, firewood for the chopping, an<l very soon they
•would be able to rai.se tlieir own provisions. It is specially for the in-
formation of such that these facts are now stated, for, from enquiries
which have hitherto been made, it may fairly be inferred that there are
thousands who would willingly come hero if they thought they could
secure homes and make a living for themselves and families, biit who
either have not known of the country, or have not known in what
quarter to seek the infornuition they desired. The best months to look
for land are : in the spring, May, and in the fall, August, Septem' or
Oetaber. In these months the flies, which are troublesome m *n
June or July, ai'o avoided ; nor does the snow prevent a thorough ex-
amination of the land being made. To those without experience it has
often been said that they had better obtain employment with a farmer — if
possible on a \w\v farm — for a year or so at first, so that they may have
an opportunity of learning the specialities of Canadian farming. In this,
however, each must judge for himself. Many would be better to do
this before attempting to clear a farm for them-selves. Two or three
brothers may do well together, but it seems never to answer for friends
to join in partnership in clearing a farm. It is often done — generally the
parties are inexperienced — but the result is invariably a separation be-
fore long, and a state of accounts that is very difficult to adjust. The
new settler shoukl be careful to select his vei-y best land for his first clear-
ing, and to lay out his improvements systematically. It is during the first
two or three years he is in most need of the best return he can get from
the land, and of economizing his time, and of cultivating properly what
he has in hand. These things, which seem so obvious, are more generally
neglected than one would imagine, and are the greatest causes of want or
success in the bush. Appended will be found a statement of the route-
T
QUERIKS AND ANSWERS.
4^
and cost of leiicliing here, atul a short statement of the cost of articles
necessary to be purchased.
In conchisiou, it has been (hjsired to abstair from using enticing hiu-
guage to induce settUu-s to corne here, Tliere seemed to btj a call for in-
fonnation respecting the country, and it is the humble endeavor of this
l>amphlet impartially to supply that want. We can only add from our
cxi)erience that thuso who come here will Hnd a country fit for habitation,
civil, kind neighboui's, and a hearty welcome.
QUERIES AND ANSWERS.
I submit the following as specimens of letters which I daily receive,
together with my answers, which from their nniltiplicity nuist necessarily
\)e brief. Tliou.sands of anxious enqrii-ers will gain unich information
by reading them : —
1. Is any portion of the Free Grant Lands tolerably free of stones
and rocks 1
Yes, some places entirely free, with 70 per cent, fit for cultivation.
2. What is the quality of the soil, kinds of tind)er growing on it, Ac?
Sandy loam ; timber, mixed, a good al of hardwood.
3. What kinds of crops are raised, and their (piality I
All kinds of crops raised here, anil the yield is good.
4. Are there many settlers in the District, and how do tlujy thrive ?
There are thousands of settlers, and they all thrive well and like the
country.
5. Is there good employment for laborers giuierally ?
.Abundance of employment for all who are able and willing to work.
6. Is thei'e much game there, such as deer, mink, foxes, (fccl
Plenty of game, and money to be made by hunting and trapping.
7. Are there many trappers engaged in ti-apping there 1
There ai*e some, but yet there is room for more ; the country is large.
8. Do you tliink trapping and hunting would pay there for the winter ]'
I know some who follow it, and they succeed admirably.
Saint Pancras, Middlesex, London, England.
Ckiardians of the Poor, St. Pancras JForkhouse, N. IF.
December 26, 1870.
Sir,— Seeing your letter addressed "To the Editor of the Montreal
Daily Witness" published in a pamphlet giving information to intending
AJ5
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
•emigrants, printed at Toronto, 1869, I am induced to ask you a few
<juestions.
First. — What is the climate of Draper ? and how low doos the ther-
mometer register?
Secondly. — Wliat is the price of good land — Cieaved and uncleared ?
Thirdly.— The cost of living 1
Fourth. — Is there any wild fowl or game to shoot '
Fifth. — Any information that you may think desirable for cmigi-ants
to know.
Mb.
Office of the *' Northern Advocate,"
Bbacebridge, ITtli January, 1871.
-, London, N.W.
Sir, — Your favour of the 26th ult. received. In reply 1 )jeg to state
that the climate of Draper is very healthful. We have a few cold days
in winter, say one week, when the thermometer goes down, .say from 20°
to 30° below zero ; but we are so protected by furs, «.tc., that wo rather
enjoy it, and with care no injury is done. Cleared land may be bought
.at from $20 to $25 dollars an acre, uncleared from $1 to $.5 — our dollar
being equal to about four shillings sterling. Tlie coft of living
here is much cheaper than in England, as you see by enclosed list of
Bracebridge markets; besides you sit free of rent, and firewood costs you
nothing but the trouble of cutting it. Game is very )>lentifid, es})ecially
deer and partridges, while our rivers and lakes aboiuid with the
choicest fish.
I herewith send you a copy of the Northern Advocufr, which will give
you much information regarding the Free Gi-ant Land^. I may just add,
that Col. Maude, C.B., V.C, has purchased a beautiful projK rty in
Draper, and enjoys it very much.
Yours veiy sincerely,
Thomas McMuuray.
Church Street, Toronto,
December ir)th, 1870.
Thomas McMurray, Esq.
Dear Sir, — Yov name having been mentioned to me as a gentleman
who would be able to give me some information as to the Muskoka Dis-
trict, I trust you will excuse the liberty I have taken in addressing you.
QUERIES AND ANSWERS.
47
eivo
add.
0.
It being my intention to settle somewhere in these parts, coukl you tell
me the general quality of the Fi'ee Grant lands ? How far from a to\m
or village ? Whether there are good markets 1 The crops that could be
suitably raised 1 The timber on the land ] Whether there are streams
near '? Would any be suitable foj- stock-raising ] any easy facilities for
trading 1 The nearest place of worship 1 The amount of cajjital that
would be required to work a farm, three being in partnership 1 Also,
are there any improved lands for sale ] And any other information you
can give. Also, what should you advise us to do, take Free (Iraiits or
improved land. By liudly letting us know, you will confer a great
favor, and
Yours, obediently.
Bracebridge, 20th Dec, 1870,
Dear Sir, — Your favoi' rccpiived. The soil is generally of a sandy
loam, although there is some heavy cla^ loam. Free Grant land can still
be had within a few miles of a village. We have a good cash market for
all sui'plus produce and stock. You can raise every kind of crop hero
that can be grown in the County of York. There are some lidges of
pine, but the bulk of the timber is maple, basswood, elm, birch, and other
descriptions of hardwood. This country abounds with living streams.
There is no better country in the Dom^iilon for stock farming than this.
<-\attle and sheep do well here, and pay. The facilities for travelling are
good for so new a country. There are places of woi-ship all through th©
districts, and schools are being everywhere organized. I cannot say how
much capitiil it would take to work a farm, unless you state the quantity
j)roposed to be put under cidtivation. Partnei'ships are not desirable, in
my opinion, in farming. Tlicre are imju'oved farms for sale, prices rang-
ing from two to ten dollars an acre. I consider it a great advantage to
get a partially improved place, if you have not vo pay too high for the
imj)rovements. If a man hat: little help, it is well to have a small clear-
ance to begin with ; hv'+ where a man has a number of strong sons, able
to wield the axe, unless he can get a bargain of a place, he had better go
right back into tlie bush, aiul take up a block of wild land. The Nvrtfi-
em Advocate newspaper will give you much viiluable information. 8ce
■copy forwarded by this mail,
Youri very sincerely,
Tnos. McMuHHAY.
1^'
■^p
\l
48 FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
I have often been asked, Wliat can a partially cleared farm be bought
for ] and what capital is required to Avork the same 1 In reply to these
questions, I submit the following : —
A farm containing 200 acres, with comfortable log house, bam and
stable thereon, with 40 acres cleared and fenced, can be purchased for
£400 or less. To work a farm of 40 acres, it would require
£ s. d.
' 1 yoke cattle 20 stg.
Plough 3 4
Waggon 15
HaiTows, &c 5
3CWs 16
20 Sheep..... 16
Sow in pig 2
Poultry 1 10
Cost of seed 20
6 Months keep 50
148 14
The returns would be
10 acres wheat, 200 bushels, at |J 40
10 " Oats, 400 " at 50cts 40
10 " Peas, 300 " at 50cts 37 8
10 " Hay, potatoes and turnips 30
Profits from cows, sheep, poultry, etc 30
177 8
Now, if we deduct the £70 charged for seed and keep, we have a net
profit of over £100 stg. a year ; so that four years would pay for the en-
tire farm, or, if you were not prepai-ed to purchase, and wanted to rent
the cleared land, you might do so for about £20 a year.
PRICES OF NECESSARY ARTICLES.
Oxen $100.00 to $120.00
Cow 25.00 to 30.00
Sheep 4-00 to 6.00
Cooking Stove 20.00
I
I
INDUCEMENTS TO EMIGRATE, 49
Shovel Plough .$10.00
Pork (fresh) per 100 lbs 5.00 to $6.00
Flour, per barrel 7.00
Harrow Teeth, per lb 0.10
Axe 1.00 to 1.50
Potatoes, per bushel 0,30 to 0,50
(grindstone, from 2 to 3 cents per 11),
routj: Fuo:\r Toronto" to the muskoka district,
Toronto to Bracebridge (Summer route^, distance 124 miles,
fare $3 75
Toronto to Kosseau (Summer route), distance 140 miles, tare 4 15
Trains leave Toronto for Lake Simcoe steamers, and their regular
through connexion, twice a day (Sundays excepted) : —
For the steamer Emily May, at Bell Ewart, trains leave tlie city at 7 a.m.
For the steamer Ida Burton, at Barrie, trains leave the city at 4 p.m.
Toronto to Bracebridge (winter route), distance 12(5 miles, fare $4.50.
Trains leave Toronto for Barrie daily (Sundays excepted) at 7 a.m.,
connecting with daily stages for Muskoka, via Orillia.
INDUCEMENTS TO EMIGRATE. , ',
Canadians may well feel proud of their ountry, for none under
Heaven can boast of greater advantag''s than the inhabitants of our
beloved Dominion, Peace and plen; <ontentment and prosperity,
t haracterize all the Provinces united iu iiiis grand ( ontV^deration ; but
the Proviiic .»ith which we stand more closely i .^ jitified surpji ^t»s all
the rest in attractiveness and good fortuna. .'- ; ,
There are many things which the people of Ontario, without a' y
egotism, may juooly boast of. Here we have all the element essential
to a nation's greatness, and a nation's wealth. The inhabit. uits po8se.s8
intelligence and self-reliance. The soil is the richest on the continent,
and our climate the healthiest in the world. Here we hav< :i rge
field for all. The capitalist can find ample scope for his weaif id the
laborer abundance of employment and good remuneration for liLs services.
Our system of education, under the able superintendence of the Kev,
E, Ryerson, LL.D., is deservedly the admiration of the world, and is
now acknowledged a model for other nations to imitate ; while our
Municipal Institutions illustrate the advantages of local self-government.
50
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
and are well adaptiMl for the development of our country ; in fact, so
highly are they held in efrtimation that the Emperor of Kussia recently
.sent Commissioners into our Province to become practically acquainted
Avith their workings, so as to introduce them into his territory.
The scenery of Ontario is varied and grand. There is Niagara with
its world-renowned cataract, Hamilton with its mountain, and Musk ok"
whicli stands unequalled for its chain of enchanting lakes. Here we
enjoy the utmost liberty, and can boast of p freedom beyond even that
of the mother coimtry. Our magnificent forests are free, and you can
roam where you will A\ithout running the risk of aristocratic vengeance,
wliile our beautiful sti'eauis al)0unding with fish, may, in their season,
be enjoyed by all without molestation. I believe in the sentiment, " that
all men are born free and eq\ial." Here men are measured, not by their
gold, nor the extent of their domains, but by their moral worth. Hence
all stand ui)Ou a gi-and equality, so that the honest poor man is as much
respected as the millionaire. Anothei- thing that marks the progress of
civilization, and which we may well rejoice at, is the deep, practical
synq)athy manifested for a class who have strong claims upon our benev-
olence ; and if it be the duty of the Government to provide for those who
are deprived of their senses that duty has been nobly discharged by the
present ministry, for in two years they have given somewhere about
$600,000 to charitable and benevolent objects, tuid certainly the blessing
of the blind, as well as that of the deaf and dumb will rest upon them.
They have also inaug\u-ated a system, with reference to the treatment of
the insane, that will immortalize their administi'ation. Mr. Langmuir,
insj>ector of prisons, informed us that some 300 lunatics have been taken
from the jails and placed under favorable treatment, whereby twenty- five
per cent, have been cured ; and, of all the cases brought under their
notice within the last two years, no fewer than 57 per cent, have })een
discharged cured.
A great saving has been effected in this department as well. Hitherto
all lunatics were confined, and not only wa?; this confinement detrimental
to their recovery, but it was a soui'ce of great expense to the countrj-.
Now, howevtr, oidy dangerous lunatics are kept in this way, and harm-
less ones are permitted to move about and make themselves usefid, and
thereby a gi'eat saving is gained.
It is gratifying to know that Canada which takes the lead in education-
al matters is also leading the way in other charitable ways, and the pre-
*^ ^
INDUCEMENTS TO EMIGRANTS.
51
sent Admiiiistrution deyei-^'e no small credit for what they have done in
the various reforms, wliich characterize their administration ; but still
we venture to assert that the crowning glory of their administration will
ultimately be found in what they have done, and will yet do to open up
this new country, and fill the Free Grant Districts with countless
thousands of loyal settlers who will make Muskoka second to no part of
Canada in wealth and importance.
For the encouragement of those about to emigi-ate, and as a proof of
our prosperity, we give the following from the Ottawa Times : —
" We understand that the Customs and Internal revenue receipts for
the months of July and August show an increase of considerable more
than hi. If a million dollars over the coiTCsponding period of last year.
Only about .$150,000 jf this is consequent upon changes in tariff ; the
balance is entirely the result of largely increased amount of business done
in the country. What makes it the more gratifying is the fact that the
increase is general throughout the Dominion, not being confined to one
or two cities, and thus indicating a condition of general prosperity, which
is in the highest degree satisfactory."
Here wages are higher, and food is cheaper than in England, while
our taxation is a mere nothing. Nor is there the slightest }>robability
that the labour market will be glutted, for of all the thousands of emi-
grants who arrived last year, the demand continues, while wages remain
as high as before.
Canada, therefoi'e, offers a home where all the necessaries of life can
1)0 enjoyed by those Avho are able ami willing to work, with pertect
security to life and property. ' — ; „ -. ,■..
It should then be the object of every lover of his country, of *^very
one who believes in British institutions, and desires that the largest pos-
sible number of his fellow-subjects should share in the benefits the
nearest, gi-eatest and cheapest of British colonial dependencies has to
liostow, to set forth her claims to their first choice, and thus prevent
many thousinds who cross the Atlantic from becoming alienated fi-oni
their ailegianJO to their motherland.
The Globe of December 28th; 1870, says :—'' The perfectly free and
liberal character of our i)olitical constitution, the complete control the
people can, if they will, exercise in their Federal, Provincial and Muni-
cipal government, should remove all difficulty out of the way of the
latter half of our proiwsition. As to the former — so far as countriea
1. -
P
52
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
speaking the English tongue are concerned — it would seem that the
desii*able point has been already attained. With resi)ect to the prime
necessaries of life, Canada may certainly comi>are very favourably witli
any British colony, and they are to be liad far cheaper here than in
Great Britain or the United States.
"With respect to taxation, howevei-, the advantages are in favour of
Canada beyond all comparison. The taxation per head in the Dominioji
is only 18s. lid. sterling. In Great Britain and Ireland it is £2 4s. 7d.,
or about two and and a half times the amount of oui- proj)ortion. In
the United States it is £2 19s. 5d. per head, or more than three times
that of Canada. But the taxation of the other British (colonies places
that of Canada in a still more favourable light. In New Zealand the tax-
ation is actually £12 7s. 2d. per head; in South Australia, £0 7s. 4d.
per head; in Queensland, £5 13s. 9d. per head; and in New South
Wales, £5 6s. 9d. per head. Thus Canada is taxed only in the proportion,
in round figures, of one-thirteenth of New Zealand — less than one-sixth
of South Australia — one-sixth of Queensland — and something over one-
fifth of New South Wales.
" At the present moment there can be no doubt that thousands of per-
sons in Great Britain are contemplating emigration during the coming
summer. The industrious millions of the old country can find an outlet
for their over-stocked labour market; where wages — we si)eak, of course,
of handicrafts and agricultural employment — are higher than at home,
where food is cheaper and where the hand of the tax-gatherer is most
lightly felt. Nor is there the least fear of the su[)p]y of hands exceed-
ing the means of employment."
FREE GRANTS OF LAND.
Heads of families get a grant of 200 acres of land, and each member
of his family, over 18 years of age, 100 acres ; and, if moi-e is Avanted,
each settler can purchase 100 acres, at 50 cents an acre, cash. The con-
ditions are residence on the lot at least six months a year. There sliall
he cleared in 5 years at least 15 acres, and there shall be cleare<l during
each year not less than 2 acres. At the end of five years, the deed will
be issued. A Homestead law provides that, if the first settler or his
heirs remain on the land, it cannot be seized for debt for 20 years.
This Free Grant system has already proved a great stimulus to the
settlement of country, and I look for yet greater results.
\
THE SETTLERS.
53
THE SETTLERS.
A better class of people never took possession of a new settlement
than the inhabitants of these Districts. Here you will find all classes,
rich and poor, learned and unlearned, fired with the same zeal and
working for the same object, namely, to prepare an independent home
and improve their circumstances. Already ,ve have some thousands of
.settlers, the greater part belonging to the sons of toil, and they are
daily on the increase. The nationality, as far as we can judge, is as
follows : one-third Canadian, one-third Protestant Irish, one-third com-
posed of English, Scotch and German.
Great credit is due to the first settlers ; they had to endure many
liardshiiis and privations. Lumberers and steamboat owners have cer-
tainly done much for the country, but tlie early pioneers deserve the
medal.
I have spent hours listening with the deepest attention to those aged
heroes as they related the tlirilling incidents connected with their early
history. There is a wonderful jjleasure in the realization of the fact,
that, after years of weary toil, a competency has been acquired and <a
<;omf3rtabl(^ home provided. We have seen a man stan<l in front of his
mansion, gazing upon a country that was cleared for miles, and heard
him exclaim, with pride, " When I came to these parts, there was not a
tree cut nor a settler within twenty miles of me." What a change has
taken place I The woodman's axe has been at work, and now you gaze
upon a landscape of surpassing beauty. Numerous farm houses appear
in view, giving evidence of comfort and prosperity ; herds of cattle are
grazing upon the pasture lands, orchards are laden with the choicest
fruits, and fields of golden grain are waving in the breeze, where, a few
years ago, the foot of white man never trod. Monuments have been
raised to men less worthy than some of those pioneers who have done
so much to raise Canada to the position which it now occupies among
the nations of the earth. But, for the early pioneers, no marble monu-
ment is erected :
They sleep in secret, and their sod
Unknown to man, is marked by God.
Settlement in 1871 is easy work compared with what it was in the
early history of the Province. Now we have the Colonization Roads
running through the very centre of our Free Grant territory, so that
54
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
settlers can easily, cheaply and quickly make their way to their new
homes ; whereas the early settlers had no such advantages. Many of
them had to ford streams and follow Indian trails for miles to reach
their locations ; some had to [?o from 40 to 50 miles for tludr seed and
pack it home upon their backs all that distance. Tlien it was no rare
thing to have to go 40 miles with a bushel of wheat to the mill and
take the flour home again. Some who are living to-day in splendid
houses, and who own magnificent farms, have gone over 40 miles for
their first bushel of seed potatoes.
THE BACKWOODSMAN'S HONU.
Note.— I give this, not because of any merit wliich it possesses, but
from the fact that it was the fii-st piece of poetry published on Muskoka.
and was written by one of the oldest settlers.
Tune — Auld Lamj Syw.
» , , , ; Come to the land of rivers,
And groves of goodly pine —
f : ■-■'' '■) i< A land to last forever,
J < To be both yours and mine ;
■ ' ' - " Our rulers now, God bless them,
», ,,' . ' In wisdom they designed
Free grants of land to give away
■ • « • > •' « In thid most favored clime.
One hundred acres every man
Shall have on terms good.
Only to come and lead the van
To grand Muskoka'a wood.
Here are the falls of splendour,
Magnificent and grand ;
And here are nature's wonders
On these free tracts of land.
,J ! 1,
Here may the angler's wishes
Be more than satisfied ;
A good shot may make riches
Down by the Severn side.
The Severn in his grandeur,
Which dashes from rock to rock.
Reminds us of our native land,
Our fathers and their flock.
Then come along, young men of sense.
Bring axfes and bring hoes ;
Begin your farms now to clear —
The woods resound with blows.
Your old friends and your comrades
May wish to live at ease ;
Take courage, boys, and come along,
It will your sweethearts please.
THK ADVANTA(iES OF MUSKOKA. 09
The towushiim arc laid out in lots,
Tho roatl on either side,
From Severn to Muskoka Falls,
1b ample, good and wide.
On either side you may now have
Those lands, as not located ;
But if you do nf>t come in time
You're sure to be defeated.
Then here's a cheer for our good Queen,
For Britons we are still ;
We have the hearts to fell the woods,
And work with a good will.
Our homes shall he in these wild woods,
Our daughters, young and fair,
Will sing around our bright log fires,
In health, and free from care.
— W. Mkkcikk.
There is nothing like taking up lantl in a new and [(rosperouH settle-
ment, and there is no way that a man will accumulate more money than
l)j adopting this course, as the history of thousands can testify, as every
year your property is increasing in value. I could enumerate many in-
stances of men v/ho camn to Canada without a shilling in their pockets,
who, by taking up land in a new settlement when it was cheap, grew up
with the place, and ama.ssed great wealth.
The Oshawa Vindicator says that Dr. iMcCiill and jNIr. Cilen have sold
to Mr. Thomas Conlin 100 acres of timber land for $8,500. This makes
Mr. Conlin the owner of 700 acres of land, all within the township of
East "Whitby. Mr. Conlin came to this country with only one shilling
in his pocket, and by gi-eat industry, good judgment and prudence, he
l;as become one of the largest land-owners in the township. This is the
kind of men to build up a country, and this is the countiy for that kind
of men.
Tenant farmei-s and otheis who wotdd sell out, and realize say from
.£200 and u])wards, coidd do well here ; for while it co.sts $20 an acre
(equal to about .£4 stg.) to clear the land, the first crop generally pays
for that, and hence it jjroves a good investment.
THE ADVANTAGES OF MUSKOKA.
These are both varied and substantial. It is within easy access of To-
ronto, and is on the direct line of the Overland Route to the great North-
West. It is also as I have shown in a previous cliapter, almost on a bee
line of travel on the shortest route from the Atlantic to the Pacific ;
besides, it is likely to be penetrated by the Sault Ste. Marie and Ottawa
^6
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MURKOKA.
I ■
i-T
. .
River Railway, and now the certaiiiity of the construction of the Toronto,
Hinicoo (t Muskoka Junction Railway to the village of .HiaceV>ri(lgo is a
fixed fact. While, at the same time, it possesses a very large extent of
country, 70 per cent, of wliich is fit for cultivation, and its water facilities
are unsurpa.sscd on the American continent. The inipoi-tance of the
water-power which this country contains cannot be over-estimat«'(l. It is
designed to bean important manufacturing country, and may one day be
the very workshop of Canada itself. As a stock-raising country it will
stand unrivalled in the Province ; besides, minerals liavc been found in
sufficient quantities to satisfy even the most incredulous, that this whole
section abounds with the richest treasures which will be develoi»ed at no
very distant date. As for stock farming, Muskoka will be to Ontario
what the Highlands of Hcotland is to the Lowlands of Scotland. It will
be a great nursery for sheep and cattle ; the land is both high and roll-
ing ; it is well watered, and a very rich grazing countrj', and when it
becomes linked by the Railway to Toronto the market will be very little
inferior to that great centre. Then there is considerable timber, both
pine and hemlock, and, as it is now demonstrated that the latter contaiu.s
.an extract which is veiy valuable, it must prove an increasing soiu'ce of
wealth. Competent judges say that it is worth 20 per cent, more than
])ine timber.
It is now generally admitted that Muskoka possesses many advantages,
and that it has made rapid progress.
THE FIRST NEWSPAPER.
The first newsjiaper in the Settlement was published by tlie author,
on the 14th day of September, 1869, bearing the title of the ^'Northern
Advocate." It was first printed at Parry Sound, but from the fact that
Bmcebridge was more central it has been lemoved thither. The object
of the publisher was to give reliable information about the Free Gi-ant
Lands, and his labours have been very successful. The circulation is
1 ,000 copies weekly. A great many copies go to England, Ireland and
Scotland foi* the information of intending emigrants, and through its
advocacy many have been induced to settle in our midst.
It is somewhat singular, that when the writer first came to jVIuskoka,
he hatl to row across Muskoka lake, and when the fii*st issue of the
Northern Advocate was published, it so happened that the steamer was
under repairs, and he had to row 16 miles across the same water iu order
to deliver the first number.
THE AORICULTL'RAL SOC'IKTV.
57
Wo have a moKt flourishing Agricultunil Socioty, the Hy-hiws and
llules of which tognthcu' with the Annual Keport I respoctfully suhnnt.
By-Laws and Rules of thf Mtiskoka Union Agrinillnml Society, ax adopted at
a Meeting of the Directors held oti the \5th of February, 1870,
1st. — That this Socifity sliall l)e known as the Muskoka Union Agri-
cultural Society (which shall comprise the several Townshij)s in the
District
2n(l. — That a general public meeting shall he held in the second week
of Janiuuy in each yeai', on such clay in said week as the President shall,
l>y uotitication hi AVi-iting to the Secretary, given one nu)nth heforehand,
appoint.
."ird. — That this Society shall be governed by a President, Vice-
President, Secretary, Treasurer, and nine other Directors.
4th. — That all subscriptions shall be paid before the first day of May
in each year, in default of which the member shall forfeit forthwith all
benefit of membership for the current year.
5th. — Competition for prizus and all other benefits of membership-
.shall be limited to membei'S and to residents in the district who nuiy,
l)efore 10 o'clock on the morning of the Show, pay double subscrijjtion,
which shall entitle them to the rights of memljership for tlic current
year.
6th. — Stud Horses not to compete with Farm or Team Horses.
7th. — That a sul)scription of $1.00 .shall entitle a member to comjiete-
for four prizes, and the payment of 12i cents entrance fee for each entry
above that number.
8th. — Stock and produce entered for exhibition must be the hmafide
property of the exhibitor.
!)th. — The exact age of all animals competing for prizes, being under
one year old, shall be specified to the Secretary at the time of entering,.
and taken into consideration by the Judges.
10th. — In the absence of competition in any of the classes, the Judges
will exercise their discretion in awarding a premium.
11th. — No animal to compete in any shape for more than one pi-i^e.
12th.— No farm produce of the same kind to be entered for more than
one prize, but entries of different \'arieties of the same kind of gi-ain Avill
1)6 allowed, and niu.st be the growth or production of the year in which
the exhibition is held, and from the exhibitor's own or rented estate.
» -
^
FKKK (5UANT LANDS OK Ml'SKOKA.
13tb. — All entries for tl»! Show hIiiiU he iniulo three (UiyH previous to
tlie Hliow, or up to 10 o'clock on tho tnorning of the Show on payment
of 12i certH to the Sf^cretary.
14th. — Thi! election of Judges shall be made by the Directors. No
person shall bo both Judge and candidate for the same prize.
15th. — That the rights of membership shall l>e restricted to bona fide
settlers in the District of Muskoka.
10th. — That owes must have suckled their lambs till the first day of
July, and all sheep niust have been regulai-ly shorn after the 15th day of
May.
17th. — That tho Prize List be published at least three mouths before
the day of Show.
Fi-oui the " Xortkevii Advucate, " oj' tlin 7th October, 1870.
AGRICULTURAL SHOW.
The third annual Show of the Muskoka Union of Townships Agri-
<!iiltural Society wa.s held at Bracebridge on tin; 27th ult. The weather
was most favoural)le. The attendance largt; and respectable, and the
whole proceedings prove<l a great success.
We wei*e very much impressed with the vast progress that has been
made during the past year. The «[uantity and cpiality of the stock and
produce exhibited, astonished all present. Tlie catth; shown called forth
the admiration of visitors. Some competent judges said that tlie oxen
were equal to any that they had ever seen at the Provincial Fair.
The display of ]>roduce Avas very large, and the samples would compare
favourably with any county in Ontaric*.
The show of vegetables and roots was large, and very completi'. The
tomatoes, melons, pumjikins, squash, cauliflowers, beets, potatoes, etc.,
were equal to anything that we ever saw, and went far to dispel the
^lelusion of those who imagine that we cannot raise those things to ad-
vantage. In the Free Grant Districts the dairy produce exhibited is
worthy of much commendation, and fully justifies what we have for
years advocated, that this country is admirably adapted for stock-raising
and diary purjM^ses.
The ladies' department was very attractive, and reflecttxl great credit
upon the good taste and ability of the Muskoka ladies. Some of the
articles shown displayed great ingenuity, and wonderful perse\erance.
Truly they are ministering angels and " patterns of patience."
AUHICULTUUAL SHOW.
59
Tlio contniHt between the Sliow of 1H70 and that of last year ih very
Htnking, and HpeiikH well for the proHperity of the DiHtrict. In 1869
only one Haniplo of butter wjih exhibited ; this y«!ai' we had 24. In 1869
no bread was shown ; in 1H70 we had 12 Hanj|)!*>8 In 18G9 only one
piece of lotlieH' work was entered ; in 1870 over 50 viad with each other,
aind HO all throii^'Ii the different departmentH. A decided iniprovemenfc
was noticoable, and next yeai' we anticipate even greattsi- siu'cesH.
The annual dinner of the Socic^ty waa held at the •' Dominion House,**
Hud was got up in splendid style by Mr. B. W. Ross.
The chair wa.s occupied by Joim Toviotdale, Es(|., President of tho
Society, Reeve of Draper, etc. ; the vice-chair by A. H. Browning, Esq.,
Reeve of Monck. Aft<ir the cloth was removed, the President rose and
proposed "Tho Queen" and other loyal toasts, which were well receivtHl.
Tho toast, "The Army and Navy" was ably responded to by ex-Captaiii
JSlaven, of Orillia, who, in a gniiihic speecli, alluded to tho time when
the soil of our frontier wa« polluted by a band of Fenian invaders ; and
when duty calh^l him to go to defend our homes, and signified his
willingness on a moment's notice to do so again. He considered that
Cansula would be in a position at no very distant date to boast of a
militaiy force etpial to any in the world. He paid a high tribute to the
soldier-like (qualities of the Volunteers of Canada, and pi*edicted that,
if properly officered, they would yet tlistinguish themselves, and [)rove
to the world that they were neither lacking in skill nor courage.
"The Red, White iuid Blue" was then sung by Mr. Rich. James Bell.
In reply to the toast, " Our Local Members," John Morrison, Esq., M.
P., said that he felt veiy thankful for the cordial reception he had met
with, and the enthusiastic manner in which the company had received
the toast. He felt that it was his duty to apologize to the settlers for
not visiting Muskoka before this ; but he promised that whether lie
should seek to represent North Victoria again or no, he would, if spared,
return to this section. He spoke of the scenery as being most romantic
and picturesque, and said it reminded him of the Highlands of Scotland.
He expressed himself much surprised at the amount of land that he had
seen fit for agricultural purposes. He had no idea until his arrival,
that Muskoka was as good a country as it is ; but what surprised him
most, was the number and respectable appearance of the settlers. Ho
considered that a railroad would prove a great benefit to the settlement,
and thought that the Government could not do better than apply some
60
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
Mf
rf their large surplus to assist in the construction of the Muskoka Junc-
tion Railwaj. Thanking the rate-payers for the liberal support given
him at the last election, and promising to return again at no very distant
date, he iX)ok his seat amidst loud ai>plause,
A. I'. Cockburn, Esq., M.P.P. said that hefelt in duty bound to return his-
sincere thanks to the gentlemen present for the hearty manner in which
the toast had been received. It was to him a soui'ce of pleasure and
of pride to be surrounded by so many warm friends. He was perfectly
delighted with the whole proceedings of the day, and tlivj success which
had attended the Muskoka Union of Townships Agricultural Society was
far beyond his most sanguine expectations. He con:ndered that the show
which they had witnessed to-day, would go far to elevate the district in
the estimation of those who had come from a distaJice, as they hnd evidence
before them in the pre Jucts of the country wliich had been exposed, that
must satisfy every candid person. He alluded to the spiiit of enterprise
which was everywhere manifested, and predicted a great future for this
country. He though^ that a railroad was just what was wanted to settle
up this nortli country, and was of opinion that every member of the
house would go in favoui- of giving a ,^rant ro the Toronto, Simcce and
Muskoka Junction Railway, as soon as it touched Free Griant Territory.
He promised to watch over uic interests of the settlement, and do all in
his powei b:} promote its interests. ■ r
" The Judges " wei*e next toasted. Mr. Arch, Thompson, in replying,
said that ho was much pleased with, the Show, and considered that the
stock exhilnt<3d would compete with any noi'th of Toronto.
Mr. J. Cuj>£jage admitted thac he came with his mind prejudiced
against Muskoka but he coi.i'essed that " a change came over the s})uit
of his tlream," and he was .about to leave with very favorable impressions
of the country. He had often witnessed worse oxen at the Provincial
Fair than had been exhibited to-day, and wished us increasing success.
Mr. Peter Nisbet, (Pijkering Tov/nship) was surprised at the qunlity
of the road leading into the district, and at the active signs of life which
were seen in Bracebridg -. He had been examining men and things since
his arrival, and was foi'ci'oly struck with the very intelligent, and highly
respectable appearmoo of the iuliabitants. He expressed himself pleased
with the shew, and said tliat the dairy department was superior, that the
fowl shown were cl;oice, and the cattle numerous and excellent in quality
^
AGIUOULTURAL SHOW.
61
diced
sj)U"it
'ssions
iiicial
uulity
which
s since
highly
)lea3ed
lat the
luality
He wtis about to leave the settleinout with a good impression, not only
of the coi'.ntry but also of the people.
Mr. Taylor Avas glad that the stranger.s were disappointed " agreeably,
and that they found the show better than they had anticipated. He
also made a vigorous speech, setting forth the progress of tlie Society.
Mr. W. Sharps said that when he was locating here, some of his friends
were afraid that he would not be able to li\'o in Muskoka ; but he wiis
glad to .state after an experience of six years that he found that he
could not only live by farming in Muskoka, but he was able to do more.
" The Agricultuial interests of tlic District " was replied to by Mr.
l\xul Dane, who evidently is not very friendly to the " powers that be."
liis speech was noted for its originality, and caused considerable merri-
ment.
Mr, Albert Spring strongly defended the Government, and stated
that he did not expect them to build a road to his door, lie tlionght '
that if the Ciovernmcnt made the great leading highway into the settle-
mer.t, tliat that was all tliat could reasonably be expected from them,
and the settlers should make roads connecting Avitli the colonization
roads. ' He held that the Government had done a great deal for Mus-
koka, and that they deserved the hearty thanks of every settler in the
district. He claimed to be a railroad man, and considered that all we
Winted here in order to make a first rate country was a railroad. He
was convinced that this district would be a great stock-jiroducing sec-
tion, and Ave re(pnred the " iron horse" to bring us into contact Avith
Toronto, Avherc Ave could find a ready sale for tat cattle. He thought
that the Government could not better promote the interests of immigra-
tion than by giving a liberal grant towards the building of the Muskoka
.1 unction ]{aihvay. He Avas a poor man ; but, knowing the advantages
of railroad conununication, he Avould Avillingly subscribe |200 to assist
the enterprise ; and, considering the expense of l)ringing in goods under
the ])resent arrangement, it would l)e to our advantage to give a liberal
bonus, and by so doing Ave Avould be gainers.
"Our(Uiests" Avas next proposed, andj;heai-tily responded to, after
Avhich Dr. Gunn (Whitby) remarked that he could not bnt admire the
road ; although he had to confess that on entering the settlement he
was very much discouraged at the ai)pearance of so much rock ; but, as
he neared the Fort of Gibraltar, and saAv the flag waving in the brepze, .
lie thought that there must after all be a country beyond Avorth dc^fend-.
(]2
FHEi: GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
is.
ing, and ho had found it really so. There was a prevailing opitiioii
outside that Muskokji was unfit for settlement, but this was attributable
to ignorance. He spoke of the grandeur c" the sceneiy, and the healtli-
fulness of the climate, and said that even Saratoga Avas not to be com-
pared to it. His party had greatly enjoyed their trip. They had found
that the sail had given an increase to their spirits, vigor and appetit(^
He paid a high comi)linu'nt to A. P. Cockburn, Esq., M.P.P., and the
officers on board the " Wenonah" for the excellent acconnnodation fur-
nisluHi and the courteous attention paid to visitors while sailing on that
comfortable steanun. He designated Muskoka a great safety valve,
where enterprising Canadians might come and find scope for the de-
velopment of all their energies. He spoke highly of the intelligence of
the settlers, commended their appreciation of education, and compli-
mented them upon the strict observance of the Sabbath which he had
observed throughout the settlement. He thouglit that ]\Iuskoka was
well adapted for butter and cheese-making, and concluded by wishing
the district continued success. i;fft- '
The Kev. Alex. Kennedy (Pickering) remarked tluit he was of opinion
that this district would at no distant date form a very important part
of the Dominion of Canada. The right men were in the right place.
They possessed all the elements necessary to bring tiiis about; for he
could see that the settlers were men who jiossessed self-reliance, and
were not easily discouraged ; and, if they continued as thej'' had com-
menced, they V juld yet see such prosperity as would make them glad-
He, with the (Cher speakers, Avas favora1)ly impressed with l)otli the
country and the people.
.1. P>. Browning, Esq., rose and said that he was deligliled to meet
Avitli his old friends once more. At the counnencenient of tln^ Society's
operations, he acted as Secretary, and took a deep interest in its wel-
fare, and now he felt rejoiced at the measure of success Avhich had fol
lowed the efforts put forth. He said it Avas a hiAv in nature to knoAv no
vacuum ; so, although he Avas called away to another sphere of action,
his place had at once been supplied by a gentleman Avho had nobly dis-
charged ihe onerous, duties of. Secretary, and he Avould not detain them
Avith a speech, but simply propose the health of liich. Jas. Bell, Esq.,
the Secretary of the M. U. of ToAvnships Agricultural Society.
Mr. Bell, in reply, returned his hearty and sincere thanks to the
gentleriKii present for tho enthusiastic manner in Avhich the toast liad
A({RICULTUUAL SHOW,
G;3:
been received, and said that the noble day which tlieywere so pleasantly
bringing,' to a close caused his heart to swell witli pleasure.
" The Press " was ably replied to by Mr. John C. McMuUen (Orillia),
who claimed to hv, the pioneer pressman of the district. Having many
years ago written several articles in defence of the country,
" The Health of the Ladies" wa.s responded to by Mr. J. B. Brown-
ing and Mr. John McArce.
"The Health of tlu; President, Vice-Presid<>iit, and Officers of the
Society" was next proprtsed and.resjtonded to by John Teviotdale, Esq.,
and A. H. Browning, Esq.
"The Lumbering hiterests" was replied to by H. H. Cook, Esq.,
who cliiimed to be one of the pioneers of Muskoka, — having travelled
through it for the i)ast 14 years gettinr; out square timber. He
described his limits as covering 300 square miles, and said that the
settlers got about ten times as much for their square tindjer as for saw
logs. He considered the ShoAV a great success, and pronounced it one
of the best he ever attended. He alluded to the enteiprise aiul perse-
verance of Mr. A. P. Cockl urn, M.P.P., in putting the " Wenonah"
upon Liik(; Muskoka at so early a period in the history of the settle-
ment; and, thanking the President for the honor conferred upon him,
was followed by J. D. Macaulay, Esq., local agent for the extensive hrm
of Messrs. Dodge & Co., who claimed that lumbering was a great bless-
ing to the settlers. It put money in circulation, gave employment
during the winter months, furnished a cash market for all surplus pro-
duce, and prepared the way for railroad facilities. He was satisfied
this would be a well-settled and prosperous part of Canada before long,
and complimented the settlers on their intelligence and courtesy.
" The Mechanical interests of Bracebridge" was replied to by Mr. D.
H. Cameron and Mr. Robert Ferguson. The former thought that the
Society should in future award prizes tc manufacturers as well as to
farmers, that the success of a country depended as much upon the one as
the other.
The latter thought that Muskoka was second to no place in Canada
for hospitality !ind kindness to strangers. Here we knew how to enter,
iaiii strangei-s. He did not regi*et leaving the city of Toronto to carve
out a home in the wilderness, for here he had pure air, sound health, and
a good appetite, and the prospect of a comfortable and independant
home. He adviseA the farmers and mechanics to pull together, and
^4( FREE OR ANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
Ktiuul united, ami A'eiy soon Muskoka would be ijiised to tako a piomi-
nent position among the first counties of Ontario.
"Our Host and Hostess" was replied to in a good-natured speech
from ^Ir. B. W. Koss, the spirited proprietor.
Auld Lang 8yne was then sung, and three cheers having been given
to the Queen, the comj)any separated, much pleased with the enjoyable
evening they liad spent. - ■' - , ..»
Tlie followiug is the list of prizes awarded at the third annual show of
the Muskoka Union of Townships Agricultural Society, held at Brace-
bridge, 27th September, 1870.
HORSES.
Best Brood Mare, witli foal at foot — John Teviotdale, Esq $ 4 00
Best Span of Horses— M. McCarthy 4 00
♦Second best do.— W. Sharpe 2 00
SHEEP.
Best aged Ram — Messi-s. Browning 3 50
Second best— S. Wi'/is 2 50
Best Ram Lamb— W, Tait 3 00
Second best do.— A. J. Alport, Esq 2 00
Best pen 2 Ewes — Messrs. Browning 3 00
Second best do.— W. Holditch 2 00
Best pen 2 Ewes {having raised lambs this season), — Messrs.
Browning 3 00
Second best do. —W. Tait 2 00
Best 2 Ewe Lambs— \V. Holditch 2 50
Second best do. — Alexander Barron 1 50
SWINE.
Best Boar, over nine months old, — Thomas George 3 00
Best breeding Sow— T. George 3 00
Second best do.— W. Sharjie... 2 00
CATTLE.
Be,st Bull— Thomas Keal, jun 5 00
f^econd best do. — G. Scholey, sen 3 00
Best Bull Calf— J. Teviotdale, Esq 2 00
\
00
00
00
00
00
AGRICULTURAL SHOW. 05
Best Milcli Cow— do. do 4 00
Second best do. W. Sliarpe '2 00
Best yearling Heiter — W. Shavpe 2 00
Second best do.— W. Ennis 1 0(>
Best 2 year old Heifer— W. Slmrpe 2 00
Second best do. — il. Mooi-o 1 0<>
Best Heifer Calf—A. Black 2 Oiv
Best Yoke Working Oxen — James Pninty 4 OO
Second best do. — P. Managan 2 .')(»
Best Yoke .3 year old Steers— W. Ennis 3 OH
Second best do.— Charles Edga'- 2 '00'
POULTRY.
Best Goose and (lander — J. Tookey 7.>
Second best do.- W. Sliarpe 50
Best Turkey and Gobbler — John Teviotdale, Esq 7.'>
Best Rooster and 2 Hens — John Teviotdale, Esq 75
Second best do. — James Tou'-'oy .^0
Best Dvick and Drake — John Teviotd;'' ?, Esq 7->
Second best do. — do do OHO
PRODUCE,
Best two bushels Fall Wheat— A. J. Alport, Esq 3 00
Best two bnshels Spring Wheat— W. Tait 3 00
Second best do — Messrs. Browning 2 00
Best two bushels Oats — John Teviotdale, Esq 2 00
Second best do — A. J. Alport, Esc^ 1 50
Best two bushels Peas — John Teviotdale, Esq 2 00
Best two bushels Barley — R. Ennis 2 OO
Best two bushels Rye— W. Tait 2 00
Best bag Cup Potatoes — Sanies Tookey 1 50
Best bag Potatoes (any kidd) — George Scholey, sen 1 50
Best firkin Butter (10 lbs.)— Patrick Managan 3 OO
Second best do— W. Tait 2 00
Best roll Fresh Butter (2 lbs.)— W. Sharpe 3 00
Second best do — J. Tookey 1 50
Best loaf home-made Bread — Nehemiah Mathews 1 50
Second best do — C. Jenkins 1 00
m
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKdKA.
Best collection of garden Vegetables — Kalpli Nicholson 2 00
Second best do — Charles Bard 1 hO
Third best do — James Tookev 1 00
LADIES DEPARTMENT.
Best fancy NeedleAvork in Berlin wool — Mrs. Fonson 75
Best specimen Knitting — Mrs. W. Ennis 75
Best Patch Qnilt— Mrs. R. Stewart 2 00
Second best do — Mrs. Fenson 1 00
Best 2 lbs Worsted Yarn, spun at home — Mrs. Hannah 2 00
Second best do— Mrs. J. Whitfield 1 00
EXTRA I'lUZES (cOMMEXDED).
Span of horses, Richard Chapman ; two ewe lambs, Jolui Kelly ; bull,
Charles Robertson ; milch cow, Messrs. Browning ; heifer calf, Messrs.
Browning ; working oxen, Charles Jenkins, James Tookey, Messrs.
Browning, Charles Bard and W. Whitfield ; boot.s and shoes, W.
Kennedy ; horse shoes, Duncan Cameron ; card basket, Mis. Thomas
Myers ; braiding, Mrs. Thomas JMyers ; sample needlework, itc, Mrs.
W. Kennedy ; sofa pillow, Mrs. Thomas Myers ; baby's jacket, ilc, Mrs.
Fenson ; fancy needlework, Mrs. A. Barron.
TRADE.
The following is from the Norfho n Advocate of the 25th Novembei-,
1870 :—
" It is very gratifying for us to be in a position to state that the faJl trade
Las been brisk, even beyond our expectations. The quantity of goods im-
ported into the district this season is almost incredible. Still, the demand
has been equal to the sup})ly; and if large cash purchases by the settlers
be any criterion of prosperity, then Muskoka is eminently prosperous —
in fact, so rapidly is business increasing that a railway becomes a ne-
cessity ; for although there are hundreds of teams employed in the
carrying trade, they are altogether inadequate to the growing require-
ments of the iilace. Outsiders may wonder how it is that money is so
plentiful is Muskoka, and that purchasing for cash is the rale, not the ex-
ception, all through the settlement. For their information, we may just
♦state that the crops this year were abundant, and the prices realized re-
SOURCES OF ENJOYMENT.
G7
juunerative, so that the Het'ler-s have the ineans within themselves to
procure everything they require.
Home of our correspoudeuts seem wondeifully anxious about a market.
Their constant inquiry is, where can you find a market for your surphis
grain, etc. 1 Wliy, we have it here, right at our veiy door. Our store-
keepers will take in trade, or pay cash for any <piantity of i)roduce or
raw furs ; and our cattle merchants will pay cash for any lunnber of Jilt
cattli . But some say, how long will this last ? Well, we believe it will
continue for years, for new settlers are pouring in so rapidly that a large
quantity will be wanted to furnish them with seed, and sustain them
until they raise something for themselves. Then we have extensive
lumbering operations going on, thus affording employment to man}-, and
furnishing a cash market at the same time. Few can estimate the
extensive importance of the lumbering operations carried on in these
parts. Here we have at work five of the largest and wealthiest hmd)er-
ing firms on the American Co^dinent — Messrs. Dodge k C!o., Messrs.
Clarke, White & Co., Messrs. Hotchkiss, Hughson & Co., Messrs. Cook
brothers, and the Bell EAvart Company. The first-named concei-n
employs 800 men, and the others in like pro})ortion. Who, then, can
estimate the benefits derived by the united operations of those gigantic
establishments '? Another source of wealth to the settlers is the income
derived from the sale of their saw-logs. Those who have obtained their
patents i-ealize the entire proceeds of their logs, and thus they are enabled
to make greater improvements ; hence the wonderful i-apidity of the
growth and development of Muskoka. But some one asks, " What will
become of you when lumbering ceases % Why the settlers will tlsen be
able to "paddle their own canoe!" Already they hear the snorting of
the "iron hoi*se;" and before the home market becomes glutted, they
will be in direct con?municatiou with tlie city of Toronto, the best
market in Ontario.
SOURCES OF ENJOYMENT.
Some imagine that because we live back in the woods, we must be ex-
tremely lonely, and destitute of all means of enjoyment. This is a great
mistake. We would not exchange jjositions with our city friends. There
is no end to our sources of pleasure. If hunting is our ambition, wo
have any amount of sport. If fast driving is our choice, the good sleigh-
ing which we have facilitates that means of enjoyment ; or, if we are
C8
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
loiul of social j,'allieriugs, there are frequent opportunities of gratifying
it to the utmost, hh the following case.s will illustrate :
THE SLEIOH RIDE.
Calm is the niylit, and clear and bright ;
The silver moon is shedding
A Hood of light o'er the snow so white,
And an iey glory spreading.
The earth looks f. air as a dream of love, - '
Jn misty light the moon does lend her,
And the starry vault of hlue above
Is sparkling bright with a frosty splendour.
Swiftly wc honnd o'er the frozen groiuid,
fiaily, joyously, eheerily ;
And our thoughts keej) time to the musical chime
Of the sleigh-bells tinkling merrily.
For our hearts are attuned to the jjleasing strains
Of gladness, glee and innocent mirth ;
And we feel, tho' sin has made dark stains,
Vet happiness lingers still on earth.
Jn wrap and rug, right warm and snug,
All care to the winds we Hing ;
And laugh and song, as we speed along,
Make the silent forest ring.
The distant owl our voices hears,
And screams fnmi his dark and lonely dell.
In answer to our joyous cheers,
A discordant, \\ ild, unearthly yell.
Faster we gn— the frozen snow
From our horses' feet is Hying ;
The echoes longrejjcat our song.
Far in the distance dying.
Our joyous breasts exulting bound,
And utterance hnd in gleeful voice.
Till rocks, and hills, and dales resouml,
And even the gloomy woods rejoice.
Our sleigh now glides where the river hides
Under the icebridge strong.
Where deep and low the waters tioAV
Ho silently along.
And now it is past, and on we roam,
By the frozen lake — a snowy plain,—
Past the gleaming lights of the settler's home,
And away through the lonely wood again.
The Falls ! it is they ! We can see the spray
That the seething waters toss,
Like a glittering cloiul, o'er that foaming Hood ;
And lujw, as the bridge we cross,
Its echoing thunders louder grow.
('heck'd is our noisy mirth and song.
And we stop and gaze where far below
The rolling torrent roars alonjr.
ifyiiig
wool. l'I(KrN(t RKK.
The trees that stand r>ii eitlier haml
Are hung with icedrojis fair
With gems of light and jcwela bright,
An(l dazzling crystals rare ;- -
KeHecting back each twinkling star,
With a sparkling hcanty rieli and grand,—
A glittering scene, surpassing far
Our wildest dreams of fairy land.
AVheu swiftly past, in the roaring blast,
The frost king sweeps in his pride,
His icy form the raging storm
And the mantling snow wreath hide.
And unseen spirits the way prepare,
AVherever his royal feet wouhl go,
With dazzling carpets, white and fair.
And the crystal bridge where waters Hom'.
I love the clink, on the frozen rink.
Of the skater's inm heel ;
The merry huzza of the boys at play
With their sleds, on the slippery hill ;
The long, long nights, by the bright Hre-side,
In tlie joyous home where happiness dwells ;
And best of all, the merry sleigh-ride,
And the musical chime of the tinkluig bells.
09'
WOOL PJC^KING 13EK
Sii'j — Understiinding one of tbe objects of your columns being to con-
vey abroad information concerning our great country, as well as to
supply means of edification to our own people —the settlors. It may, I
think, be fairly regarded as a needful part of your work to give the out-
siders some idea of bush life, as well as land. One of the questions, no
doubt, arising in the minds of those moving in, would very likely be ;
How do the poor folks make out to i)ass their evenings 1 or, have they
anything corresponding to missionary breakfosts, complimentary dinners,
or oyster siippers 1 Some sketches of i-eal life in the bush might serve
the purpose of answering such (juestions. A " wool picking bee" (let me
guard against being misunderstood), does not mean an insect of the bee
kind peculiar to this region, and noted for picking the wool of the sheep,
but is the name for a kind of afiair which will be best understood by a
brief description of a single "bee.'' The one I had the privilege of
attending was got up bj a Imly inviting her friends and neighbours
on a given evening. A goodly number accepting, they assembled and
commenced operations aroiuid a large home-made table, by teasing the
tufts of wool, preparatory to further nianufticture ; meanwhile some of '
li
ml.
70
FHKK OUANT LANDS < •!<' MUSKOKA.
the young ])eo)>le were good iiatiiredly teiiMUig out; auotlicr. Amongst
tlie company jn-oseut might l)e notictul the various functionaries of the
locality, as trappers, postmaster, preachers, putiimasters, scliool tesichors,
misctdlaneous tnvders, etc., and in most CiUics several oflic(;s meeting in
the same individual, and all claiming the addition }^.'\\ . (i.e., bush
whacker), and not least, the correspondent of the Northern AJrocate-
But now the work and amusement proceed in unison, which is moro
than can always be accomplished. Interjiei-sed, moreover, with sou'e-
thing of edification, and not altogether without a religious bearing, hymn
singing, and a trifle of political and theological discussion, etc.
Here in l)ush life is fomid,
^\'<)^k and play both abound,
And yet atrangely agree ;
Here extremes we'd iniite.
Here the sombre and bright,
Mixed together yon see ;
Ihirestrained seem to run
Both tlie serious and fun
In tlie " Wool-Picking Bee."
About noon of night, there might, p' ' jis, be noticed a shade of falling
off in the spirit of wool-picking, wii. ,i sound is heard indicating a
change f scene and a vaiiety in the exercises to be introduced, of which
one might for an hour or two previously have smelled the ap})roach*
Preparations are oi'dered, the avooI is speedily i-emoved, and picking of
another kind introduced. It might do in the city to say " the delicacies
of the season ;" but here the dishes, or what was on them, would re-
quire somewhat varied terms to describe. It Avas in fact a great meal,
of which the items would be more tedious to describe than they were to
discuss practically. A roast beaver might, perhaps, be the most notable
deviation from ordinai-y fare, but breakfast, dinner, and supper were so
amply represented, that a good old-style brother declai-ed the big table
to be wickedly [)iled luxuries, when a youngster i-eplied : "If this be
wickedness I hope to be always a sinner." It is not too much to say
that y»^^ justice Avas done in relieving the rude table from its cause of
groaning ; so, having pickctl the wool, the bones of the beaver, and
chickens, and singing the doxology, each seemed disposed to pick a part-
ner, and the " bee" stood adjourned sine die. This I must say in conclu-
sion, for the relief of some of your uninitiated readers who may feel a
kind of commiseration for the sadness of poor bush life, and would
■start with alarm to hear of a wool picking bee ; had they only the chance
of taking part in the affair they might be more disposed to envy than
CONCERT, SOCIAL, ETC.
9$
\nty ; and I serioiisiy advise them, if ever they get an iuvitatiuu to a
wool-picking bee, go. S.
Driiper, October 26, 18G9.
Tht! Nd'thnn Advocate of the 27th January, 1871, contains the fol-
lowing ; -
CHURCH OF ENGLAND CONCERT.
The concert hdd on Friday evening was a grand success, reflecting
much credit upon those who made the arrangements, and deserved praise
to the ladies and gentlemen who carried out so efficiently the excellent
programme.
We regret that want of space prevents us from entering into full par-
ticulars; but still it aftbrds us much pleasure to state, that the Hall was
l)rilliantly lighted, most tastefully decorated, and filled to its utmost
capacity by the clUe of the district, while the whole entertainment ex-
ceeded our most sanguine expectations.
The singing of the Misses Culverwell was exquisite. Tiieir rendering
of " The Valley of the Chamouni " was perfect, and displayed good taste
and considerable cultivation.
Mrs. Cozzens performed her part admirably.
The Misses Fraser presided at the piano in a manner which fully jus-
tifies their high reputation ; and we have no hesitation in stating that
in our opinion Miss Fraser is the best amateur pianist we have heard.
Mr. Boulton exceeded himself on this occasion.
Messrs. Wray, Richardson, Kirk, Walters and Dr. Brid-land, added
much to the pleasure of the evening j and the Messrs. I'ortas won golden
■opinions for their excellent rendering of the " Lai'board Watch," &c.
Altogether, a great treat was enjoyed, and should our Newmarket ami
Barrie friends visit us again, we can promise them a full house, and a
hearty welcome.
The building fund has been augmented over $40 by the concert.
a>
WESLEYAN SOCIAL.
The third social of the season, under the auspices of the " Ladies' Aid
Society," was given by Mrs. Wm. Kennedy at the Orange Hall, Brace-
bridge, on Tuesday evening. The attendance was larger than on any
former occasion ; and the proceeds amounted to over $15, so that num-
-erically and financially it was a great success.
72
FRKK OllANT LANDS OF Ml'SKOKA.
Tlifi programnic was varied and attractive, and jjave tlio most inuniali
fie<l satisfaction. The Misses Webster aotjuitted tlieniHi'lves adniiiably.
Mr. and Mrs. Speor never f^ave {greater satisfaction than on this occasion.
Mrs. Jjnrdeii, Mr.s. Tomlin, and Miss Slater added very nuich to the en-
joyment ot the evcinini^.
Mr. K. J. IJoll, Mr. Lon;<, Mr. Astk-y, Mr. (Jriffith, Mr. Russell, Mr.
Macaulay, Mr. May, Mr. I5urden and others, also took pa.t in the meet-
ing-
A vote of thanks was unanimously given to Mrs. TJo.ss for the use of
her excellent piano.
The next social will bo given by Mr.s. Clerilui'-, and Mrs. Speer, on
the 7th Fel)ruary, in the same place.
(JAME.
Th(^ lovers of sjiort may here find ample scope for enjoying themselves,,
afl game abovnids all throngli the District. Deer is exceedingly i)leutiful.
Some of my neighltonrs have shot as many as nine each in a single day.
Partridge is abundant, and the quality excellent. l\al)bits also are
numerous.
Some time since, i\Ir. James F. Ifaines killed a large moose deer near
Vernon Lake, whicli .stood from hoof to fore shoulder 18 hands high, and
measure'! around the breast G feet 8 inches, while it was 8 feet 4 inches
from liead to tail ; the head from tip of the nose to the ears was 3 feet,
and the noble animal carried a pair of very large horns.
In November last I had the good fortune to join in the liunting ex-
pedition which took place at Prospect lake the property of Colonel
Maude, 0. B., V. C.
The first day the weather was ratlier unfavourable, but on the second
it was all that could be desired.
The gallant Colonel had all his arrangements most comidete, and little
did th(i party think when they started that so grand a reception awaited
them, or that they would enjoy so rich a treat. As to the tiporf, it wa»
splendid, and far exceeded the exi)ectations of the most sai\_^uine. A
good supj)ly of beaver, mink and deer awarded the toil of those who took
part in the cliiise. One young buck weighing over 160 lbs., shot by Mr.
J. Long, was very fat and exceedingly handsome, indeed it was the
greatest beauty we ever saw. The head of this lovely creatui^e is being.
L'coud
waited
it Avas
le. A
took
)y Mr.
as the
being
FISHIN(!. — WINTEU EMPLOYMENT.
78
stuffed Ity Mr. ('has. Bard of this phice, uiid will be presorved in com-
memoration of this gala ooousiou.
Colonel Maud«j may well feel proud of Prospect lake. It is tnily
beautifid, whih; the country around forms a hunting ground which is un-
Huri)assed in the MusUoka district. The Colonel evidently is a nuin of
progress. Considerable iin[>rovemonts have aln^idy betin made, and his
settlement in Draper is hailed with dt^light by all the inhibitants.
FISHING.
Our rivers abound with speckled trout, and our lakes with the finest
(|uality of fish, such as bass, pickerel, white fish, and lierrings. Salmon
trout is also very ]»lentiful in some of our lakes.
WINTIi^il KMl'LOYMKNT.
Many of my readei-s may be anxious to know what the settlers do
during the winter months, when the snow is deep. For the information,
of such I may state that the prinei[)al part of the chopping is don<' then,
and fuiiiher improvements effected, while some hire out at the lumbering
shanties and earn good wages, to enable them to stay at home and work
their farms during the summer.
'* I«lGV in the primal woods the axe resounds.
And the tall pine receives its mortal wounds,
Ah Ktroke on stroke diaturba the silent snow,
The wound enlarges by each well aimed blow.
The forest giant shakes in all Lis might,
AniPcrashing falls beneath his dispoised weight.
And (juickly carries to the branches bent,
That strive in vain to stop his sure (lesct;nt,
A swift and certain ruin with rebound,
And echoin{5 woods repeat the thundering sound.
Strii)t of his limbs, and scjuared, and hewn he lies,
To human kind a good but hard- won prize,
it soon is made to raise the sheltering house,
Or o'er the seas afar is doomed to ntam,
To build the I rk, or to adorn the hall,
liaised from the ruins of a forest fall.
His roots remain to meet a slow decay.
And mend the soil when sown some future d.-iy."
EXTRACTS FROM THE SURVEYOR'S REPORTS.
I have thonght it desirable to furnish extracts from the surveyor's
Teports, in order ta give my readers a c Direct and, as far as possible,
impartial description of the country.
•^'mm
"/l
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
MORRISON.
Partly bounded on the south-west by the river Sevei"n and Sparrow-
lake, and to the north by the township of Muskoka, contains 48,519
acres, including water and roads. It was sub-divided into farni lota by
P. L. S. J. 0. Browne, in 18G0. '"' ''
, ,^. EXTRACT FROM THE SURVEYOR'S REPORT. . ^,,,^
"The township, upon the whol' presents a fine field for settlement, as
is witnessed by the number of squatters who have made impi'ovemeuta
upon the land. The soil is varied both in surface and quality, generally
intersected by ridges having a bearing fx'om north-v/est to south-east, and
of more or less abruptness as they approach the decj) channels of the
lakes and rivei-s, or liave been denuded and covered by alluvial soil in
the Hats and valleys which intervene.
■' The most i-ugged and unfavourable portion of the land io in the north
and north-west ])ortions of the township. The north-east shoi'e of Leg
Lake, and some ])arts of Lake Kah-sh.e-she-Bog-a-mog, fl inked by steep
bluffs dii)ping down into deep water, and producing a stunted growth of
dwarf oak, birch and inferior pine. The subjacent rock is gueiss,^
traversed by intrusive veins of highly crystal ized granite and pure quartz,,
and passing gi'adually into micha schyst and clay-sluto. The dip of the
strata, where exi)osed, is from 30^ to 4./ to the east.
" On the more exposed ridges, in several parts of the township, there
appears strong indications of iron and copper ore of nvicli purity. The
spots on which I more particr arly observed these, are on lot 1 6 in con-
cession A ; lot 5 in concession 6 ; and to the north of concession line 1
and 2, about lots 30 and 31.
•' Approaching t 'le southern portioii of the township, the land gradually
im[>roves, and pai'ticukiily \ipon the eastern shore of Sparrow Lake and
the River Severn, and the lliver Kah-she-she-Bog-a-mog on the western
side, and upon the southern and some parts of the eastern portion of the
east side, there is a good bveadth of excellent land, producing a prolific
growth of valuable timber, with indigenous white clover and nutritious
grass. Tlds Iftst named description of land extends into Rjde iipon thvi
east, and into the unsurveyed portion of R^ima on the south. Tlie latter
I cursorily ex])lored, whilst fetching a canoe up tlie Black River, which
intersects it for about five miles on the south, and I believe that it would
not only be highly favourable to cultivation, but would matc^rinlly aid the
DRAPER.
7^
settlement of the southoin aii<l easU-rii district of the T(nvnisliip of Mor
risen, if it were opened for sale, as it would afford access to the land which
I have described above, on which, to my knowledge, settlers have lieen
deterred from improving by want of access through the wilderness which
now intervenes between it and the sui-veyed land. "
" A vej-y favourable feature in the topography of the district, is the
extent of water by which it is traversed, affording with little interruption,
in its unimproved state, an unbroken chain of communication from either
extremity of the township to the other, and abounding in excellent fish.
" Upon the upper lakes, and the Kiver Kah-.slM»-sheBog-a-raog, there
are several falls well adapted foi- Mill sites.
" The c(;nti*al portion of the eas ,ide is much occupied l)y large beaver
ponds, which at pi-esent obstruct the natitral drainage of tJie country, and
drown much otherwise available land. The effect of settlement • ,'ould
be the immediate retreat of the l>eavf!r and the destniction of theii* dams,
which would drain down wide breiidths of land naturally productive of
valuable crops."
DRAPER
Is situated to the ea.st of the 8overn an<l Muslcoka Road, the Town-
ship of Muskoka lying on the south-east boundnry, and contains 44,550
acres, including watcu-and roads, of whi'h 20,000 acres, including water
and roads, were subdivided by P.L.»S. John K. Roche, in 1858. The
following is an extract from the Report of 8«i vey :
** The Township of Draper is very well situated in regard to water
and mill privileges, the MusVoka River flowing tln'ough the townsliip,
upon wlucli there is an abundance of pr^w*';- ; and, in addition, it is cut
up in evei'y direction by streams anf' beaver pond«, possessing capahili
tier of being turned to useful purposes.
" The surface of the township is generally hilly, undulating ain.t roll-
ing, a? id very much so tov/ards the south-eastern part ; the granit** rock
shows itself near to the surface m most pailx, a«4 there is a total
absence of limestone throughout. The soil is priiKif>ally composed of
a sandy loam, in many instances covered with a rich Mack moald, and
in the north-west part of the Township we found a clay sulwoil, liut
saudy loam is the prevailing soil, and, where it is suffKi*»ntly deep, wiH
produce excellent crops. The graaite i-ock, in general, is to<> near the
surface to favor the township for agricultural purposes, though \ have
no doubt a settlement will soon form, as tliero is a fair proi)ortion of
wmmmm
70
FREE <iRANT LAN])S OF MUSKOKA.
good land adjoining tlu; centre line iii the valley of the ]\luskoka liiver,
and abont tin; north-west corner of the township, where good clay land
is to be fonnd. t i _. ,-■ ., .v;.i: ,• r
" The timber consists principally of liemlock, maple, beech, balsam,
tamarat and pine, the latter inferior in quality and not suitable for
merchantable purposes. A small pi'oportion of cedar is found in the
swamps, and very few oaks througliout the township."
MACAULAY,
On the North Branch of the Muskoka Kiver, contains about 41,902
acres, of which '2G,000 acres have been subdivided i?ito farm lots, inclu-
ding water and roads, surveyed by I'rovl. Land Surveyor, John Kyun,
in 1857.
'*0f tlu^ portion of the Township surveyed, tlie soil gen(!rally is good
clay — in some cases, a sandy loam— growing a very fine <[uality of hard-
wood, with but very few good Pines ; a considerable portion of the land
is rocky, or strewed — in detached patches — with boulders, but is not,
upon the whole, inferior in general character to that of the Southerly
and Westerly boundaries, <*cc.
"A^ far as has been observed and could be judged, the portion left
unsurveyed is either too rocky or swampy and inifit for settlement, at
least jor the present.
" From the Survey and examinations made, I incline to the opinion
that some improvement in the character of the soil may be found to the
eastward of Macaulay, and m;iy be sought for, Avith better ])rospect of
success in that direction, than in those of the other boundaries."
MUSKOKA,
Iknnided on the South-west by the Kiver Severn, and on the North
))y J^ake and Kiver Muskoka, and partly subdivided into farm lots by
P.L.S. Rankin, in 1857, contains about 32,540 aeres, of which 23,1)45
acref* hftv« been subdivided into farm lots, including water and roads.
Tb*- Muskoka lU)iu\ runs in a North-easterly direction through the
Townnhip. The M]ov.'ing extrad is taken from Mj-. Kmkin's Keport
of Survey : —
" I have to report, tlwi hr the purpose of forming a settlement from
the Severn to conne/it w'Uij Hefi'a Line to the Ottawa, a sufficiency of
good land is fVmnd, *o f«' a* tfcfe^ township i.^ concerned, lying in a
#
MUSKOKA AND WATT.
77
i'ood
tolerably direct route from near its S.-W. corner to tlie Gre^at Falls of
Muskoka, viz.: up, or near the side road Letween lots 20 and 21, to-
ne.ar tlie top of the 4th Concession, .and thence along or near to the line
by P.L.S. Unwin, leading dinictly to the Fall, where there is abundant
water-power for mills or any other sort of machinery, and in the neigh-
borhood of which there is much excellent Pine.
"As to the character and general features of tiiis part of the country,
I need only lu-ietly observe, that tlie rocky ridges (granite) lie generally
N.-E. and S.-W., and are of greater or less elevation and ruggedness, —
by far the worst part of tlio township in this respect being within the
limits of the first three Concessions.
" The shore of the lake also is, almost throughout, rocky and rough.
'' The best part of the township, and where the largest portions,,
togetlicr, (»f good land fit for settlement are found, is the N.-E. part,
bordering on the Muskoka River in both its branches, along the Beaver
River, and around the head of Muskoka Bay.
"Some of the larger swamps, on being cleared up, and the Beaver
Dams, which back water on them taken away, will no doubt prove
desirable for cultivation.
" The only stream (except the JMuskoka River itself) of any note is
the Beaver River, and that gets very low in summer.
" No mill sites, except that at Muskoka Falls, were observed.
"Tlie Lake abounds in Islands — mostly clumps of rock, though gen-
erally timbered.
"The fish cauglit here are pickerel and bass in the summer; white
fish and trout, as I am informed, in the autumn."
m a
WATT
Is situated in the county of Simcoe. It is bounded on the nortii by
the tOAvnship of Cardwi-U and Skeleton Lake, on .the east by the town-
ship of Stephenson, on the south by the township of Monck, and on the
west by Lake Rosseau. It was surveyed in 18G5, by Provincial Land
Purveyor T. W. Nash, and contains an area of 48,856 aicres, including,
wat(!r and roads.
The following is an extract from Mr. Nash's report of survey : —
" The yoil of this township has a local reputation of being the best
along the PajTy Sound Road. The valleys furnish a lich clay loam, in
o
78
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSK
ftc^
some places inclined to sandy loam ; in tlio high parts the land is not 8o
good, being light sandy soil. , . , . ■ • '
" The good land is found in the valleys in all parts of the township in
larger or smaller tracts, there being but few lots but what liave some on ;
perhaps the valley of Three Mile Lake contains the best lots in the town-
siii}), there is however much good land near I^ake Kosseau.
" The land taken by squatters is generally all good, some of the best
lots, however, are Still vacant. The po(jrest portion of the township is
that north-east of tlie Parry Sound road lots, and that adjacent to the
northern boundary, the fourteenth concession l)eing mostly l)roken land.
Tho shores of the waters are mostly lined witii hemlock and scrubby
pine, maple, balsam, pine and birch are found in all parts of the town-
ship, beech is found on the high sandy soils ; the pine is not found in
groves, so that no portion of the township contains sufficient to reserve
for timbering, but it is scattered pretty equally throughout the township,
the best perhaps being on the portage from Lfike Rosseau to Three MiL'
Lake, the largest found were about 3^ to 4 feet diameter.
" WATERS.
" The water system is that of the Muskoka River, tiie whole drainagr-
being to the west, into Lake Kosseau, then by Muskoka Lake and Kive,r
into the Georgian Bay. Tho surfaces of the lakes are about 100 feet
below the nuiin level of the country, and in many places have precipitous
banks. Mill seats Were found on lots No. 30, con. 1 ; No 13, con. 4 ;
No. 24, con. 8 ; No. 42, ton. A.
"ADVANTAGES AND PROSPECTS OF SeTTI.KMKNT.
" The very best nieans of developing the ivsourcos of this townakip
and neighbourhood is that already adopted by Cioverument, by improv-
ing the Parry Sound road ; this road eftectually opens up the whole of
this township for settlement as well as most of the country immediately
north and east of Lake "Kosseau ; it pos^^esses besides, military consider-
ations of some irnportitiice, as it affotvJ* military access to the defensive
harbour of Parry S>und."
THE FRIENDS OF THE b:.\[IGRAXT. ' .
Amongst the list of noble m»>n win. have taken a deei) interest in emi-
gration, we must give apromnient place to the Rev. A. Styiemau Her-
THE FRIENDS OF THE EMIORANT.
79
n
'n)
inprov-
11 lie of
lately
iisider-
Pciisive
'
L, lucumlxnit of St. Paul's, Clerkenwell, London. For many
years he has been enj,'aged in this benevolent work, and has been instru-
mental in assisting hundreds to come to our shores. We shall never for-
get with what pleasure he was met, on his arrival in our village, by some
of i\w emigrants that he had been instrumental in sending to this coun-
try ; and at the public meeting held in honor of Attorney-General and
party, wluni Mr. Herring was called up to reply, how gratefully he ac-
knowledged his gratitude; to Almighty God for having put it into his
heart to engage in this good work. Well might his parishioners give
him a welcome on his return home, and j)resent him with a handsome
testimonial. He is a noble man, (nigaged in a nobh; work. By av ords
of comfort and acts of kindness, he has endeared himself to many in the
settlement.
The Hon. Mrs. Hobart, of London (England), has also been doing a
good work.
Tlie Hon. John Carling, Commissioner of Public Works, in his Annual
Report for 1870, states that " during the past season. Colonel F. C.
Maude, R. A., and the Rev. V. Styleman Herring, Vicar of Clerkenwell,
London, both active members of Colonial Emvgmnt Aid .Societies, have
visited this Province for the purpose of asci^'^Ainiug from personal oU-
sei v.'ition, and from intercourse with tho large number of onugr.'Utts
which they had been instrumentjil in sending out, the condition of such
in this their new field of labour. These gentlemen visiUnl the cities
and various towns in the Province, and addressed meetings of immi-
grants in Toronto, Ottawa, and other places, and everywhere received the
most grateful acknowledgTfi^fiits from the immigrants for having assisted
them to th J country, where tiieyare not only able to support themselves
■md then fiimilies, but in many instances already to provide themselves
with freehold homesteads in the cities and towns, or in the Free Grant
Districts of the Province, in addition to visiting many other sections,
these gentlemen niade an extended tour through the Muskoka Distri<t,
with which they expressed themselves highly pleased, seeing in it a sec-
tion well calculated to furnish homes for the now distressed but steady
and industrious working classes of the Old Countiy."
It affords us great pleasure to add, tliat Colonel Maude has been so
well pleased with the Free Grant Lands, that he has purchased a farm
iti tlie Township of Draper, in the District of Muskoka, and decided to
rnir iifffiMMn
^fm
80
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
become a permanent resident. FolloAving notice is from the I^arthern
Advocate of th.' 28th October, 1870 :
. COLONEL MAUDP; C.B., V.C.
*
This genthimun, wo are happy to state, has not only taken a very deep
interest in emigration in London, England, but since his arrival in Canada
lie has been so favoraljly impressed with the country that he has decided
to make it his home. With this object in view he has purchased the
Prospect Lake property, and is now making the necessary preparations
for building a suitable house for a family residence.
Prospect lake is situated on the south-east corner of the township of
Draper, 1 1 miles east of Gravenhurst, and 1 2 miles from Bracebridge.
The Petersoji road runs through the north part of the farm, so that he
has the bfiuefit of a good leading colonization road to his very door,
which is a great advantage ; while at the same time it forms the best
hunting ground in the district, from the fact that there is no settlement
S(»uth of his property, Ryde Township not being in market. The writer
was on tlie spot a few days ago, and found parti'idge, duck, deer, etc.,
in great abundance.
The gallant Colonel, in our opinion, has made tlic best speculation
that has ever been made in Muskoka. We wish him much success.
EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION.
(To the Editor of the. '' Xorthern Advocate.")
Sir, — My object in visiting your hospitable shores was to ascertain
FOR MYSELF whether my emigrant friends Avere progressing satisfactorily.
Most glad am I to be able to report favorably.
Some few have undouljtedly signally failed, but it is through their own
misconduct or by unforeseen circumstances, but to the honest, persever-
ing, above all to the sober, Canada affords ample opportunities for ad-
vancement. I am informed 40,000 emigrants have settled in the Domin-
ion during the past two years, Yest' relay I met here a man earning
$20 per week, .sometimes $5 per day, who previous to emigration, was
eighteen months almost out of work. Who will gainsay the benefit to
all parties, of mich an emigration ?
Great Britain has thousands of good charactered persons, able and
willing to work, but cannot ncn obtain it. Wliy not induce them to
move here, and thereby add strength to the Dominion 1
EMIGRATION AND IMMKJRATION.
81
I aiu encouraged to entertain strong hopcjs that the Government will
liberally respond to the almost universal voice of public opinion and put
forth more powerful means of attracting and perhaps aiding, the honest>
industrious and sober to locate within this favored Dominion.
Population and wealth generally go hand in hand, ami CJauada greatly
requires the one, and the other will spejsdily follow.
Canada was ni>ver so prosperous as at the present moment. Let the (Gov-
ernment of the Dominion ; the municipal authorities and private indi-
viduals, EACH, noldy and liberally forward on this movement, wldch
nuist inevitably lead to most beneficial njsults to the whole community.
A word to my emigrant friends : — After having travelled from Quebec
to Sarnia,from Parry Sound to Niagara, visited many emigrants at their
home, t/oe grant districts (100,000 acres of which have been taken up for
settlement sinc<! April last) and Eastern Townships, 1 am more and more
convinced of the blessings of Emigration.
I find those who care for your souls are zealous, the school system
excellent, land and the necessaries of life cheap, and labor good. To all
of you I say, "Go forward," (Exodus 14 — 1.5.) Do not look back too
much on the gloomy past, but look hopefully forward to the future.
Avoid murmuring— (1) Keep to your churches. (2) Keep from the
whiskey, the curse of this land, woe be to any Legislature which encour-
ages the multiplication of liquor shops. (3.) Keep care of your cents
and dollars. Establish " p]migrant Aid Societies," which aim at giving
advice to those newly arrived from the old country, a savings bank, a
labor mart for hirers and those requiring work — sick and medical
clubs — getting out relatives by weekly payments, tK:c. The Ottawa
Society is flourishing. .J. Johnson, Esc^., Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa, Avill gladly forward their prospectus.
I beg publicly to express my gratitude to the Messi-s. Allan [Montreal
Steamship Co.] for their considerate and liberal treatment of my emi-
grants. ,
I shall carry home (whither I proceed in a few days, after 12,000
miles of travel) the happy feeling thai many who in the old country
were in poverty and misery, are now by the blessing of God compara-
tively in a state of happine.ss, contentmei't, and comfort.
I tender my most heartfelt thanks to all pai-ties for the many acts of
kindness and hospitality I have received from many de<ar and valuwl
82
FREE (JIU.NT LANDH OF MUSKOKA.
friends, and I shall ever pray God will abundantly bless and prosper tlie
people of this country.
T remain, sir, your obedient serAant,
• . . -r s A. SITLEMAN HERKING,
. J . . i'\ >St. Paul's, Clerkeuwell, London.
Ottawa, Octol)er 25.
THE ONTARIO CiOVEKNMENT VISIT MUSKOKA.
The members of the Ontario (Sovernment and other cel(0)rities
visited the Free Clrant Districts. I have pleasure in inserting the
following, copied from the N<yiiherii Adcoratc published at Ikacebridge,
Muskoka. ■ ^^ •.;'■■;■ -^
On the 14th Sept., 1870, Bracebridge was visited by the Hon. John S.
Macdonald, Attorney-Oeneral ; the Hon. S. Richards, Commissioner of
Crown Lands ; the Hon. Jolni Carling, Commissioner of Public "Works ;
the Rev. A. S. Herring, B. A., lucumbent of Clerkenwell, London (Eng-
land) ; Charles Marshall, Esq., London (England) ; Fred. Cund)erland,
Esq., M.P.P. ; Wm. Lount, Esq., M.P.P. ; A. P. Cockburn, Es(i., M.P.
P. ; the Hon. Sidney Smith, John A. Donaldson, Esq., and a number of
distinguished persons.
On the day of their aiTival, the villagers got a hint of their intended
visit, and resolved to give them a reception. Immense bonfires were
kindled on the banks ot the river just as the steamer "Wenonab" ap-
proached the wharf, and the effect produced by those illuminations was
grand l>eyond description. A large concourse of people assembled at
the landing, and gave the company three of as hearty cheers as ever
greeted the ear of mortal. The party Avere then conveyed to the
" Dominion House," where a splendid entertainment was got up by Mr.
Ross, the well known host.
The chair was occupied by John Teviotdale, Esq,, Reeve of the
United Townshiiis of Draper, Macaulay, Stephenson, etc., and the vice-
chair by Robert E. Perry, Esq.
After ample justice had been done to the good things provided, the
chairman rose and proposed the first toast "the Queen," which was
drank with all honours ; this was followed by " the Governor and Lieu-
tenant-Governors of the Dominion of Canada," which was most
enthusiastically received.
THE ONTARIO GOVERNMENT VISIT MUSKOKA.
8»
ig-
' vice-
Next came " the Army and Navy," which was responded to hy Wm.
I. cunt, Esq.,M.P.P., in a humorous speech. Mr. Lount conchided with
expressing his strong disapprobation of the manner in wliich the
Dominion Government had treated tliose brave men who were prepared
at Avhatever sacrifice to (h'fend our homes.
" The Ontario Government" M'as then proposed, to which the Hon.
Mr. Macdonahl replied. He st.ated that wlien he left Toronto he had
no idea that such a reception awaited him. Tlie great object ho had in
visiting Muskoka was, to examine the surface of the country ; and he
was surprised to find such a crowd of persons congregated to welcome
him. He took a deep interest in the prosperity and development of the
North, and hoped that the day was not far distant when this section
would be as flourishing as those townsliips on our frontier. He con-
sidered that the credit of settling up (nir wild lands was lue to his
(fovernment, that the policy he had adopted was experimental and
worked well. The present Government he contended was a Govern-
ment of the people, not of party ; their object was to advanc(! the best
interests of the country, not of party. He intimated that tliey had a
large surplus of money to be disposed of, and stated tliat upon all
reasonable representations he would give us a helping hand. He con-
tended that he liad introduced a greatiT number of reforms, and
established a system of economy, such as no former Government could
lay claim to, and made an able defence of the course he had pursued
since the coalition. , ,.
" Our Guests" was replied to by the Hon. S. Richards, who said that
it was not the Avant of interest in Muskoka that prevented him from
visiting it before this, but his duties, public and private were so enor-
mous that he found it impossible to get away, and concluded by wishing
the settlement continued success. .,,., , , , . . „,.,. ,,, .,,
Success to the Emiijratkm Societies of old England. This toast was ably
responded to by the Rev. A. Styleman Herring, who said that he was-
very thankful that God had put it into his heart to engage in this good
work, and was rejoiced to find that here the over-crowded population of
England could find employment at high wages, and vastly improve their
circumstances. He had frequent opportunities since his arrival of con-
versing with those who had been transplanted to Canada, and he found
that they had been vastly benefited in theu' circumstances by the change ;,
^
!i
84
FREE (iRANT LANDS OF MUSKUKA.
and he was perfectly satisHed that those emigrants who were sober ami
industrious would succeed.
Success to the Toronto, Simcoe and Aludoka Jiiiiciion Uailwoy was drank
with great enthusiasm, and ably responded to by Mr. C'und>erland, M.P.
P. In his reply he remarked that he felt that lu^ was surrounded by
friends, and was glad to be in a position to state that the building of tlu?
road was no'w a fixed fact. His mission to England had been entirely
successful, and the stockholders were willing not only to embark in the
undertaking, but manifested much sympathy in the object. At first
some persons were ready to doubt the sincerity of those engaged in this
extension ; but the men who took hold of this enterprise were thoroughly
in earnest, and were possessed of courage and perseverance, and blessed
with means to cari-y on to a successful completion any undertaking in
which they embarked. He desired to speak out honestly, aiul to be dis-
tinctly understood in reference to this scheme. He considered that the
road to "Washago would be a paying investment for the shareholders ;
but beyond that point it would not be so for some time to come ; hoAV-
«ver, they were prepared to give pound for pound of what it would cost
to build the road from Washago to Bracebridge. He was pleased to see
So much interest taken in the Free Grant Districts by the Ontario
Government, and felt confident that if a Kailway was built to Brace-
bridge, two years would accomplish for this Section what it would re-
•quipe twenty years under the present system to effect. Considering this,
he was satisfied that the Government would render reasonable assistance,
as it was eminently calculated to further the interests of emigraiion, and
raise the Districts into a position, whereby they Avould become a source
of enrichment to our flourishing Dominion. He concluded by stating
that if the Municipalities did their duty the road would certainly be
completed as quickly as labor and capital could accomplish the task.
Mr. Teviotdale on being called, rose and stated, that we would be
gainers by giving a bonus to the Eailway, for at present we had to pay
indirectly large sums for freight on goods that would be greatly reduced
"when Kailway communication was established.
The Health of Mr. Teviotdale, Reeve of Ihaceh-hhje, -was then proposed
by the Hon. John S. Macdonald, and drank with all honors.
rroj<periii/ to the Free Grant Distridf^, Mas replied to by Mr. Thomas
McMurray, who referred to the great improvements made since he set-
TH;-: ONTARIO OOVEIINMKNT VISIT MUSKOKA.
85
tied ill Di;i}H!r, in ISGl, and while giving the Government great crodit
for what hud l«'en d(»iif, he said there were other things which required
h'gishition. It s(!('nied very hard that the settler who was at liberty t«>
burn uj) his pine, while performing his settlement duties, wjw prevented
li(tm .selling that timber without paying tlx^ Government 75 cents a
thousand for the same. He thought that the settler should have the pri-
vilege of making the most of whatever timber was ui)on any land that
he was actually clearing, as it would asnist him materially in fuither im-
provements. Another matter, which deeply affected tlu; interests of the
settlers, was th(! cancellation of arrearages. Now that the District was
thrown open to actual settlers on the Free Grant system, those persona
who had taken up land prior to the passing of that Act, and had paid
one or moic in.stalments, were exceedingly desirous of getting the b.d-
ance cancelled, and unless this is done, great suft'ering will be caused to
some who have not the means to meet those instainumts. He then
-alluded to the unsafe state of the Kegistry Offices, and urged the j)ro-
priety of introducing an Act to authorize the erection of suitable
Jlegistry Offices at Bracebridge, Parry Sound, Nipissing and Sault Ste.
Marie. He also contended tluit the form t ion of the District into a
Provisional County, giving us control of our y.wn municiiwd funds would
be a boon to the settlement. , .' ■- '
Our Tjocal Member was next toasted, and Mr. A. P. Cockburn, M. P.
P., responded. ''■ ■ ' " '
Next came the IleaWi of Mr, Chas. W. Lount, S. M., which Wits fol-
lowed by that of Mr. Wm. Lount, M. P. P., who replied in a speech
characterized by much eloquence. He believed that this Section would
be vastly benefited by the jjroposed Railway, that the idea of waiting till
the country was settled before building a Kailroad was a fanc^ of the
past ; tliat now it was seen that where a Railway went settlement im-
mediately followed. He attributed the great success of the United
States, to the fact that they encouraged liailroad enterprise, and pro-
mised to give all the assistance in his power to procure for the settlers
this groat boon. He concluded an able speech by stating that he found
in Muskoka a superior class of settlers to that of any other new district
he had ever visited.
The luinberimj interests of the KyrtJi, was ah]y replied to by John D.
j\Iacaulay, Esq., the popular represeht^ative of Messrs. Dodge & Co.
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WEBSIER.N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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86
P'REE (JRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
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The Health of John A. Donaldson, Esq., Immigration Agent, wa.s then
proposed and drank with great enthusiasm.
Tlie Commercial and Agricultural Interests of Bracehridge was replied to-
by Thomas Myers, Esq.
The Press was ably responded to by Chas. Marshall, Esq., (a gentleman
from London, England, who is better known to the readers of the
*- Saturday Review," as Heraclitug Grey.) He expressed the pleasure he
had in visiting the Free Grant Districts. He believed that Canada had
a great future before her, and that she would yet be the great poAver
upon the Ameiican Continent.
The Province of Quebec contains as many square miles as all France ;.
Ontario as many as England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. New Bruns-
wick is larger than Holland anil Belgium ; Nova Scotia exceeds Eng-
land. Columbia has more territory than the whole North German Con-
federation, together with all the South German States. The North-
West is larger than all Russia in Europe, with Sweden, Norway and
Denmark counted in, and counted twice over. Besides our vast terri-
tory, we were raising a magnificent race of men and women. He thought
that Canada had not been sufficiently appreciated by England, and ex-
prose ed himself delighted with the scenery of our beautiful lakes and
rivers.
Success to our American Cousins, was next drank, and ably responded
to by Mr. Barker, correspondent of the Springfield Re/publican, who, in
his remarks, paid a very high tribute to the firm of Messrs. Dodge &
Company, whom he designated one of the wealthiest, and, jit the same
time, one of the most honourable firms on the American Continent.
'-' God save the Queen" was then sung, and three rousing cheers given
for Her Maje^sty, after which the company separated.
Next morning the Attorney-General visited the grand Muskoka Falls,
and other points of interest. At 11 o'clock the whole company went on
board the ** AVenonah," and started off" amidst the cheers of a vast con-
course who had gathered to Avitness their departure.
We understand that on their Avay to Port Carling, they were enter-
tained at " Maple Grove " by Squire Alport.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS.
The great policy of the day is being further developed ; and we believe
that during the present year much will be done to promote the settle-
BUSH RANG EIIS.
87
meni of our wild lands. Several neiv features have lately presented
themselves to the friends of immigration. One is to appoint
BUSHRANGERS.
For years I have advocated the propriety of appointing guides, men
capable of leading emigrants through the bush, whose business it would
be to see them properly located. For want of this, numbers have been
so discouraged that they have left the settlement. If the present Min-
istry will adopt this course, the comfort of emigrants will be greatly
promoted, and the interests of the settlement vastly benefited. Cer-
tainly the Govennnent deserve gieat credit for what they have already
done ; but here is an opportunity of adding powerfully to the prosperity
of the settlemer.t, and I trust that their rigid economy for which they
deserve great praise, will not prevent them from taking immediate action
in this matter. Suitable men can be obtained, and the benefits which
are certain to result, would fully warrant the moderate expenditure re-
quired.
Immigration agents should also be appointed, one at Bracebridge, and
another at Parry S'^und, to attend to emigrants and land seekers on
their arrival. How it would smooth the path of the stranger, if, on his
landing he was met and seen after by some responsible person acting
under the direction and control of the Government. The Telegraph
says : —
" The indifference of the land, most accessible and easy of observation, .
is a strong argument in favor of l»overnmeht appointing
AUTHORIZED AGENTS,
selected from experienced settlers in each district, to point out to in-
tending settlers the most desiralde lots, as many in their inexperience
select worthless land, and do not discover their mistake until they have
spent their money and become discouraged. These agents should nob
only be prepared to point out the best localities, l)ut also give them
practical advice with reference to clearing the gi'ound, the best c: ops,
the easiest means of building their shanties, and various other matters
wdiich experience makes so easy."
In addition to this it has been suggested that the Government should
cause a certain amount of clearance to be made and a house erected
t Pimipi
;8fr
FRKK (iUANT LA^]1S OF MUSKOKA.
on eacli lot, so as to liave all prepared for the reception of immigrants.
The London Free Press, in an article on this suhjcct, says : —
"How best to settle the nnoccupied lands of Ontario, is a matter not.
.as yet fully determined. Various plans have been tried ; and, though
they have had their mejisuni of good, yet all the means at command
have not been exhausted. Tlie peculiar nature of the lands, and their
primitive forest condition, is such as to deter many settlers, unaccus-
tomed as most of them are to forest life, to enter upon them, while the
fertile plains of the west offer so tempting a picture. True, the new *
-comer seldom takes into consideration the various elements that collect-
ively constitute Canada a preferable place lor continuous abode ; its
healthful climate ; a plentiful supply of i)ure water ; the presence of
ample fuel ; of timber for building and fencing purposes ; to say nothing
of the equitable administration <»f justice, and the general prevalence of
law and order. Such advantages too often fail to strike the mind of
the Jluropean emigrant, whose imagination has been filled with the
prospect of fertile prairies, v/hich can be rapidly brought into cultivation.
The debilitating fevers, the fitful climate, the scorching sun, followed by
.deadly dews, are reserved for experience to tell the full force of. The
present is too often seized upon by them to the neglect of opportunities
lasting in their character, and beneficial in their operation. How beet
to counteract the tendency alluded to, is a matter worthy of considera-
tion. ]\Iany suggestions have been made, but there is one yet to be
tried, of which a lew words may be said. AVe refer to the establishment
of experimental townships, in which certain preparations shall have been
made, so that the settler may find a lionie ready for himself and fjimily,
or such a portion of the forest cleared as will afford him a toot-hold of
prosperity. The proposition we desire to advance is, that Government
should select some townships, through which roadways should be cut,
,and on each farm a small house put up, and a small clearing, say of
thi-ee acres, prepared. One hundred homes might thus be made in each
township, the expense of Avhich, and it would not be much, might
remain as a charge upon the land. To suitable settlers such farms
might be ofi'ered by the Government, the Oi\ly charge being the outlay
^on the erection and clearing. It would be a great inducement to many
to throw in their lot with us, if it could be said that, on a lot in such a
township a home awaited them ; a home which, while it would offer
immediate shelter, ■'vould at tho same time supply the means of imme-
ilUSHRANGKRS.
8D
diate subsistence. Private companies liave found this plan of procedure
to answer woU, and lead to the best results. Such an experiment has
recently been tried in the State of Maine ; a company not only pre-
paring homes in advance, as we have pointed out, but actually bringing
over the emigrants free of charge. The country to which they went to
seek their population was Sweden ; and, by locating people togethei of
similar antecedents, similar language, and, as far as possible, of previous
accpxaiutanceship, the irksomeness of recommencing life, and in the bush,
has been wonderfully softened. It has been found in Canada, hov. ever,
that private land companies have not proved to l)e continuously advan-
tageous. The aim of such companies has been, in the main, to make
mor ;;y out of their speculations ; and hence lands that might have been
settled have been held back, or else leased out at an oppressive rental.
But the object of our Government 's not to be found in a direct money
settler. If population is secured the prime end in view is obtained, and
tlius the chief cause of the failure of enterprises such as we allude to
■would be removed. It might be well to commence with one experi-
mental township, which could be easily settled out of the incoming
immigi'ation ; und, if the plan was found to succeed, others would soon
be treated in a similar manner. The oifer of " One Thousand Homes
to One Thousand Families" would attract a vast amount of attention at
home, and would lead to organizations among contiguous residents such
as has not been seen. If the head of a family had the assurance of the
Government agent, that, upon landing at Quebec, he and his little ones
■would be at once conveyed, free of charge, to a home, half the terrors
of emigration would i)e at once removed. An ojipressive uncertainty
■would be turned into a pleasing assurance, leading up a prosperous
future. Thousands Avould gladly embrace such opportunities. They
■would be brought face to face with a tangiljle advantage such as would
inspire them with confidence and hope. The fair picture of a prairie-
home would be dulled by the comparison, and a result would be, that a
large portion of the European outflow would be directed here ; and
another advantage .vhich would ensue would be the permanence of a
population so constiti^ted. Once settled in their home they would soon
become attached to it, and no thought of roaming would present itself ;.
and this consideration is by no means au unimportant one, se<?ing that
one of the chief difficulties that affects the increast^ of the population by
means of immigration lies in the fact that m\ny who accept the aid the
ill
:90
FilliE GRANT LAxNDS OF MUSKOKA.
,1
country affords do so only as a stepping-stone to the States. Under the
system suggested, this difficulty would be abated, if not altogether re-
moved; and no j)ortion of the general outlay would be lost in helping to
l)uild up the neighboring people. We hope, therefore, that some such
plan may have a fair trial ; and, if it is once successful, it will lead to a
change m immigration matters which Mill be bountifully beneficial.
' ' llELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. ^^ • ■' '
1 Tlie religious advantiiges of Muskoka and Parry Sound far exceed
the expectation of strangers unac(piainted with the settlenuMit. Visitors
not unfreciuently entertain the idea that the settlers are shut out from
all facilities for the public worsiiip of God, but, happily, it is not so.
Jieligion cultivates a spirit of true sympathy and genuine benevolence,
and manifests itself by Avorks of faith and labors of love ; it delights in
blessing mankind with the knowledge of the Lord, hence love for the
souls of men have led to the formation of missionary societies, whereby
remote districts are visited with Gospel light. The Methodist CJmrcli
is peculiarly a missionary church since its formation, the words of the
venerable founder, " The world is my parish," has been selected as the
motto of his successors, and they are consequently found as the pioneers
in almost every new field of labor. The AVesley an Methodists have the
honor of having been the fii'st to sound the Gospel Trumpet in these
districts. No sooner had it become known that a Wesleyan family had
settled in Draper than the Kev, J. L. Kerr, who Avas then stationed in
Orillia (1861) rode on horse-back 35 miles, to hold Divine Service ; nor
did he fail to continue to do so until the conference appointed a mis-
sionary, namely, the lie v. Geo. McNamara, who had the honor of being
the first regular Wesleyan Minister appointed to this mission. AVliile
the Wesleyans were the first to preach the Word in Muskoka, the
Methodist Episcopal (.Church were the first to appoint a missionary to
this mission, because their Conference met earlier then the Wesleyan
Conference. The minister ai)pointed by the M. E. Church Avas the lie v.
Oilman Wilson, and Ave are glad to add that he has continued an actual
settler in our midst up till tliis day. At present the different denomi-
nations are well represented. We have in all 12 ministers, comprising
4 Wesleyans, 2 Primitive Methodist, 2 Presbyterians, 3 Church of Eng-
land, 1 Congregationalist, besides a number of lay agentp.
At Bracebridge, Ave have, a Wesleyan Church, a Presbyterian nioeting
RELiOIOUS AND EDITCATIONAL.
91
^ng-
house, and there is a Churcli of Englaiul close by, so that the inhabit-
ants are well provided with the means of Grace, The following letter
from the Rev. Walter Wright, Local Superintendent of Schools, will be
read witli interest.
/.^ Go.sHEN Lodge, MusxoKA Falls,
December 2yth, 1870.
To the Editor of the Northern Advocate.
Dear Sir, — It would seem to be beyond dis])ute that the Muskoka
Territorial District is making very rapid progress in all matters, civil,
-commercial, and agricultural, — in everything fitted to promote tho tem-
poral prosperity of any people. So speedy, steady, and substantial has
this march of progress been, that I suppose it would be difficult to fin<l
a fair parallel to it in ^he entire history of new settlement. I think there
has also been a somewluat proportionate progress in things relating to
religion, morality, and general education.
1st. In religion, I do not mean that we have had any striking conver-
sions to God, or remarkable levivals of religion. For these we piay, and
hope, and wait till CJod shall send his Holy Spirit abundantly on us as
a people. But with the tide of emigration, there have coine in among
ns many truly pious persons, connected with the various denomination*
of professing christians, and these, added to those who were formerly in
the settlement, have helped to elevate the general tone of society. Be-
sides, to meet tiie spiritual necessities of a largely increased and constant-
ly increasing population, thervT has been a considerable increase in the
number of Christian labourers and means of grace. Several churches
have been built, and several others are in contemplation. One leading
feature of our religious progress is the great interest everywhere taken in
Sabbath schools ; and of these we have sereral, which are both very well
Attended and very well conducted. ■ ■
2nd. In morality. Doubtless the influx of new settlers, many of them
of a highly respectable and superior class, an increase in the number of
true Christians, and a greater number of religious services among us,
have all had their influence in raising the standaril of general morality.
That it is higher than at one time can hardly be doubted. For example,
at no very distant date, Sabbath profanation, in various forms, was very
common. A great deal of teaming used to be freely done on Sabbatli r
pnd I am credibly informed that there were those, in different parts, who
would not .scruple to log and burn their piles, and do other farm work.
III
92
FBEE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
I ,
^i
on the Lord's Day, — while it was not difficult to procure the means of
indulgence in intemperate liabits on the Sabbath. Now, these tilings
are almost utterly unknown ; and, although there are many confirmed
drunkards, and far too much intemperance among us, yet there are sev-
eral very striking instances of reformation from this worse than beastly
vice. I tliink there is also a manifest improvement in regard to the
abominable and degrading habit of profane swetu-ing. Cases of theft are
very rare among us. Altogether, our new settlement will compare very
favourably, in point of general morality, with any other part of Canada
or of the old world.
3rd. In Education, a general and constantly increasing interest ii be-
ing taken in the education of the youths of our land.
This is shown in various ways. Our county and township councils
give this subject a prominent place in their deliberations and provisions,
while our Local press^finds room for fiequent and extended discussions
upon it. The number of schools in operation has increased during the
past year by nearly fifty per cent.
The aggregate attendance at each of the schools has also greatly in-
creased. The standard of qualification in teachers is gradually but sure-
ly rising, and there is a very strong desire cherished by all classes every-
where to have our schools open during a longer period of the year than
has hitherto obtained. Besides all this, resolutions have been passed
and preparations made for the erection of new school houses in almost
every part of the district. Two very neat and comfortable school houses
have been erected and occupied for some time and others in various
stages of preparation, and we have youths among us whose alreadjr
proved natural abilities and present, attainments give ground to hope
that, with the blessing of God, they m.xy on 3 day be a credit to Muskoka
or to any other land.
I have the honour to be.
Dear Sir,
-M -■« '*j?5. Yours, very truly,
Walter Wright,
' Congregational 3Iimste7\
And Located Superintendent of Common Schools for Draper and Ma-
caulay, &c.
The following we clip from the annual report of the Missionary So-
ciety of the Wesley an Methodist Church in Canada for 1869 and 1870-
\
^.v
KELIOIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL. ,
■ • • MUSKOKA. r ^' ^ '
d3>
it"> /(•'•!> .. ji
It is now eight years since the first Missionary was appointed by th«
Wesleyan Conference to tliis field of labor. Since then, although
Methodism has been slowly but steadily advancing and increasing in
numbers, it was not until last year that it could boast of possessing
either Church, Parsonage, or other connexional property of any dis-
cription on the Mission. We have now a comfortable Pf»rsonage, which,
through the liberal policy of an efficient Board of Trustees, has been
partly furnished ; also one Church in course of erection, while at several
of the appointments our people contemplate building soon. During the
past year, most of our congregations have largely increased, while, by
the assistance of a second preacher, we have been enabled to take up
four new appointments, at each of which we have organized a class.
There are now 1 2 appointments and 1 1 classes on the Mission. Had
we men and means there is yet room and urgent demands for an exten-
sion of the work. Immigration has rapidly increased this spring. New
settlements are being formed »till farther northward in the Free Grant
District, from which frequent and earnest invitations are sent to your
Missionaries to follow them in and preach to them the Vf ord of Life.
We feel deeply for the future prosperity and ultimate success of this
portion of our Mission work.
After deducting 18 for deaths, removals, &c., we report a net incx-ease
of 52. Members, 121 ; on trial, 15 ; Total, 136.
S. B. PiilLLirs.
DEDICATION.
OF THE FIRST WESLEYAN CHURCH IN THE DISTRICT OF MUSKOKA.
One of the most important events* that has taken place in the history or
Muskoka, has just been Kuccessfully comple|pd. A new Wesleyan
Church has been erected in the village of Bracebridge ; and was dedi-
cated to the public worship of Almighty God on Sabbath, the 11th De-
cember, 1870.
The Rev. F. Berry, chairman of the Barrie District, had the distin-
guished privilege of officiating on the auspicious occasion, and preached
three appropriate sermons to crowded congregations. The presentation
was made by Mr, Thomas McMurray, one of the trustees. On the fol-
lowing evening a tea meeting was held for the purpose of liquidating
6
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FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
i '
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!
the debt on the edifice. The church was thronged, and a deep interest
•was taken in the object. Mr. J. Long was appointed chairman, and
•conducted the meeting with great ability and general satisfaction.
The following gentlemen addressed the meeting : — The Rev. Mr.
Gibson, the Kev. Mr. Potter, the llev. Mr. Mattingly, the Kev. Mr.
Webster, the Rev. Mr. Berry, and Mr. Taylor. Mr. James Clerihue
read the financial statement, which showed a balance of $350 due on the
church, and said that it was desirable that the debt should be wiped
•out. Mr. McMurray, on being called, stated that an effort would be
made to raise the amount due, and hoped that evory one present would
assist, and thus have the church dedicated free of debt. The Rev. Mr.
Webster thought that, as this was the first WesJeyan Church erected in
the district, we should not ask any assistance from the Church Relief
Fund, but that we should leave that for those poorer places whicli had
more need of it than Muskoka. Mr. Clerihue and Mr. McMurray then
passed round with the subscription lists, and returned to the chairman
with the gratifying intelligence that the entire amount had been raised ;
thus the Jii'st Wesleyan Church in the District of Muskoka has been de-
dicated /ree of debt. It has been said that "actions speak louder than
words ; " and we ask those who cry down Muskoka to note this fact
that at a tea meeting in the village of Bracebridge, on tlie 12th Decem-
ber, where the members had previously! een heavily taxed towards the erec-
tion of the church, when an appeal was made to them for $350 more, in
order to have the entire debt removed ; the whole amount was sub-
scribed in a few minutes. We trust that outsiders will learn a lesson
from this incident.
The music was under the able leadership of Mr. J. H. Speer, Mr.
Moorhouse presiding at the organ ; and it is not too much to say that
the choir performed their part well. The Rev. Mr. Berry eulogized it
exceedingly, and said he rever heard better music, nor witnessed greater
liberality.
We cannot conclude this notice without a special allusion to the ad-
•dress given by Mr. Webster. On rising, he evinced great emotion, and
delivered one of the most earnest addrecses we ever heard. As tha
chairman of the district remarked, "he is the right man in the right
place ;" and the value of his speech may be judged by one remark made
by Mr. Berry, namely, that he would not grudge coming all the way
./.JM
' A HLA('K PICTrRK.
i)5
from Collin^^wood to Muskoka to hear tlio a<l(hv«s tliat ho had just
(lelivcTod.
#
Votes of thanks were unanimously passed to the Orange body for the
use of their Hall, to the Presbyterians for the use of their Meeting-
house, to the ladies for the excellent festival, to the cl ir for their ser-
vices, and to tho chair. The doxology was tluii ung, and benediction
])ronounced, and the meeting separated.
Next evening a free tea was given to the Sabbath School children and
others, Avhich was also a great success.
"A BLACK PICTURE." , a
As I have no <lesire to extol the District, and am anxious to give a
fair and impartial account of the settlement, I submit tho following con-
troversy, so that my readers may have both sides and draw their own
conclusions therefrom.
The St. Mary's Ikldtt of the 27th ult., contains an article under tho
above heading, which is too rich to let slip the notice of our readers,
and in order to furnish them with a little amusement, we give it un-
a])ridged : —
" A few days ago, a party of eighteen or twenty farmers from this
neighborhood, having read the glowing newspaper accounts of the free
grant lands to the North, started on an expedition to Muskoka, to ex-
plore the region for themselves, and see whether it would be advisable
for them to move thither. On arriving there, they split up into sub-
sections, each detachment taking a particular field. These traversed the
most " promising." townships, examining ti:e soil, consulting the people,
taking notes of the landscape, observing the crops, and obtaining all the
information possible. After tedious and hopeless wanderings, they one
iiiul all returned indignant and disgusted at the imposition of paid
Agents and rascally speculators ; and they declare, in blunt terms, that
the idea of its being an agricultural country is a barefaced piece of im-
politic n, invented by tricky sharks, who are fairly coining money out of
the necessities of the new comers. These statements have been corro-
borated in the main by Messrs. John Rouson, Biddulph ; Thomas
Hughes, Geo. Oliver and Henry Morgan, Nissouri, who have just paid
our sanctum a visit on their way home from Muskoka, Three of these
gentlemen have themselves travelled through eleven townships, and
affirm one and the same story. The soil is nearly all sand and rock
96
FIIFK ORANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
■M
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V
with an occasional spot of clay, whilo limestone was found in only one
small place. The best of the land (a specimen of which was shown us).
is a red sort of sand-clay. The water is, for the most part, of the color
of strong lye, embittered l)y balsam and pine roots. Throughout these
eleven townships there werc^ about half-a-dozen loads of wheat raised.
People who have settled there for seven years past, grow nothing but
potatoes — which arc really splendid, and como up in double the profusion
we see them in Perth or Middlesex. The timber is good, and there is
a prodigious lumbering business in the prospective. Pine and birch are
very plentiful, but maple and beech are seldom observed. Tho residents
are chiefly emigrants from English cities, who know nothing of farming,
and are easily victimized by the Government agents an,d private adven-
turers. It is pitiable to see the shifts they are put to in some cases —
the broken-heartedness visible upon their features, and the utter wretch-
edness of their lives. In many cases the remnants of luxury add a kind
of ghastly significance to the scene — sil?c dresses, faded and torn — the
ramnants of fine carpets, and other mementoes of an easy and comfort-
able existence among friends in the old countiy. In short, the narrative
accords with the exclamation of one of these returned farmers: " It is
the most desperate country a white man ever set his foot on with a
notion of settling !" Some of them say they wouldn't take the whole of
Muskoka as a gift, if they had to pay the penalty of living out of its
soil : and that starvation and rags will haunt the dwellings of settlers as
long as they exist. Of course, we kno^\/^ Aiotliing of these things from
our own personal knowledge, but it strikes u;3 that there has been a
good deal of studied misrepresentation in favor of those lands from time
to time. Our informants may, in their present state of mind, look at
the blackest side of the picture ; but it may do good to people to leam
that it has a black side. We desire to see every part of Canada turned
to good account, but if a section is fitted only for timber and game, it is
worse than useless to inveigle farmers into it, in the Quixotic ellbrts of
making it an agricultursi country."
The abov(3 seems almost too ludicrous to answer, and yet we cannot
refrain from a word or two of comment. In the first place, we must
congratulate the Government upon the wisdom they have manifested in
selecting London as the seat of the Lunatic Asylum, as we have evidence
before us that at least, 18 or 20 will shortly be fit subjects for admission
into that great institution, and the expenses of removal will not be great-
A ULAC'K PICTURE.
We are not very plentiful of money, lint we will give tiie Eilitor of the Vid-
t'tte twenty dollarn for the ])hotographs of those 18 or 20 men who gavo
the " black picture " of Muskoka, that we may submit them to the ex-
aminjition of Professor Wells of New Yf>rk, and have them ])ro(IuceJ in
the Phrenohifjiral Journal, published by that gentleman. We wish that
the Editor had informeil us how many days it took tlu^so three gentle- '
men to travel tlirough the eleven toAvnship spoken of. Wo have been
told that they never wetit off the road, and consecjuently they are inca-
pable of giving an opinion on the subject. We have found that those
who takf! time to examine the country, almost invariably form favorable
impressions ; while on the other hand, those who run in and run out
again, without taking time to explore the district thoroughly, carry
away falsf» id<!as of the settlement. There is a novelty about the ob-
jections raised by the authors of the "black picture," which is refresh-
ing. The water is complained of as being " for the most part, of the
color of strong lye, embittered by balsam and pine roots," now certainly
this is something new ; the Avater has always been praised ; all who haA''o
ever visited Muskoka, saving and (Excepting tlie authors of the " l)lack
picture," have admired the clearness, freshness and excellence of the
Muskoka water. Have they not " let the cat out of the V)ag V We fear
they are not all teetotallers, or they would be better judges of pure cold
water. The blackest thing in the " black pii'ture," however, is the state-
ment, that "throughout these eleven townships, there were about half-
a-dozsn loads of wheat raised^"" If this had been the tirst lie they had told^
surely, it would have choked them. They must either be tembly stupid,
or mightily proficient in lying. Why, the fact is, Bracebridgo flour mill
— a mill whic would do credit to the flonrishing county of Perth — is so
full of grists tiiat they can scarcely turn round in h ; and every day
farmers are coming streaming in with more. This year there was an un-
usually large quantity under wheat and the yield was good, being from
twenty to twenty-five bushels to the acre, and so superior lias it been in'
quality, that visitors have carried away samples of it, declaring that, it
was better than any they had met Anth in the front tov/nships. Another
libel on our district is embodied in the following sentence : — " People
v/ho have settled there for seven years past, grow nothing but potatoes,"
now we do not believe a word of it; if there is such a case in the district
we are not aware of it, and it is exceptionable. As a rule the settlers
are progressive and prosperous, and their prospects are bright and cheer-
ing.
iri
98
FREE GKANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
I I
\i^m
As anotlier ovidence of tlie uttor ignorance of the authors of tlu'
" l)lack i)ictiire." ■\ve quote tlio following: — "The residents are chiefly
emigrants fr(jm English cities, wlio know nothing of farming;" nothing
could l)e farther from truth thau this. There .ao sections where the
English element predominates ; hut instead of them l)eing in the prepon-
derance, the opposite is the case. Tiie nationality as near as can be is as
follows : — One-third Canadian ; one-third Protestant North of Ireland
people; the remaining tliird comi)osed of English, Scotch and German.
The settlers liere can smile at the mock sympathy of the authors of the
" l)lack picture." They have all without exception the necessaries of
life. Their crops, thank Heaven, were abundant, and prices proved re-
munerative. Labour is in great demand ; Avorking men getting f 1 25
per day, and caii)enters$l 75 to $2 per day.
In evidence of the general prosperity of tlie inhabitants, we might
just state that not a single application has been made for assistance to
our municii)al authorities, Thooe wiseacres say "they wouhl not take
the v.hule of Muskoka as a gift;" but who cares for their opinion 1 The}'
aie not the fii'st who have tried to cry down the countr}' ; others, of
greater calibre than they can ever expect to be, have spoken and written
against it ; and yet, despite all the calumny that has been he;t^ied upon
it, it .&roA\s, it prospers, it thrives. It is not a flying visit to Muskoka
that can enable a man to speak with authority on the subject. A dis-
trict so vast and varied cannot be judged so ; but the opinion of those
who have lived in tlie settlement, and grown with its growth, is worth
something, and those iiersons aro. unanimou.. in the opinion, that there
is from 50 to 70 per cent, of the entire district fit for cultivation, while
e\en the most rocky parts will mal e good pasture land and if piosperity
is a criterion by •• uich we may judge of the merits of the settlement
then we say that there cannot be found in the Province of Ontario a
place giving greater evidence of development and growth than the Dis-
trict of Muskoka, and we venture the opinion that before ten years shall
elapse, Muskoka shall be recognized as a place of no ordinoiy importance.
Here vre have natural advantages, and water facilities unsurpassed in the
world. Near ten years ago, the a\ iiter was told by those who had not
grasp o. mind to see the inevitable future of this important and now
rapidly flourishing section, that Muskoka would be deserted ; but what
is the result ? it is filling up with a rapidity unequalled in Canadian hi£t-
tory.
i
THE BLACK PICTURE.
99*
Let those fault finJcrs crack tlio following nut : — There is not to our
knowledge in the District of Muskoka a man disposed to leave it even
if money were offered for that purpose. The people like it, and they
are happy and contented with their choice ; and those who attempt to
cry down Muskoka, are not fit to carry drinks to the noble pioneers of
the Nort)\. As to the assertion that " it is the most desperate country
a white man ever set foot on >vith a notion of settling," we need only
State that doctors differ. We have lived in it for near ten years, and
we like it better every day. It is not a fanning country equal to Perth,
but there is sufficient laud fit for cultivation to make a good settlement,
and a prosperous section. The land is givoi as a free grant. It is easy
of access, being within a day's journey of Toronto, and next season a
railway will be built into the very heart of the Free Grant District, so
that it has its advantages. And certainly to the admirers of nature
it is full of attraction. They say ** one and all returned indignant and
disgusted at the imposition of paid agents, and rascally speculators, who-
are fairly coining money out of the necessities of the nev;- comers ;" now
we are at a loss to know who is meant in this wholesale accusation, un-
less it IS designed as a stab at the Crown Lands Agent, the store keepers,
and hotel keepers of the district. Mr. Lount is the only paid agent in
the place, and it is the first time we have ever heard him accused of
trying to induce parties to settle in Muskoka, so the shoe does not fit
him. As regards our merchants, they stand as high morally and com-
mercially as those in Perth, and are innocent in the matter, while our
hotel keepers are just like all other hotel keepers, they want to make
money ; but the authors of the " black picture" cannot but say that the
fare in Muskoka was both good iu quality and plentiful in quantity,
while the charges were as moderate as anywhere el«e. In conclusion,
Ave trust those 18 or 20 will profit by their trip to Muskoka. If they
ever go to visit another place, and desire to give publicity to their travel.!,
let them learn to do so correctly ; and if Muskoka is so " black" a place
in their opinion, let tiiem avail themselves of the supposed superior ad-
vantages to be found in Perth, and improve their privileges. We trust
they will make better farmers and better husbands by their visit to-
Muskoka.
THE BLACK PICTURE.
Some time ago we had occasion to refer to a statement which appeared
in the St. Mary's Vidette, which gave rise to a great deal of discussion.
1 ^-
100
FREE <3RANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
;•■
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...>^'t
)
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with reference to the Free Grant Lands in the districts of Muskoka and
Parry Sound.
We regret exceedingly at the one-sided course which the Editor of the
Vidette has seen fit to pursue in this matter. As far ja we know, only
one paper, the Samia Observer, has attempted to coincide with his views,
whereas the Press of Ontario has almost unanimously vindicated the
fact that there is a large proportion of land fit for settlement throughout
these districts.
We know not what character those 18 witnesses bear when they are
at home, but we have been told that they commenced their explorations
on the Sabbath, and it appears that some of then; got on the spree at
Port Carling, and one of them fired a gun, whereby the lives of the
peaceable inhabitants were endangered, and came near being arrested.
They also examined a farm within a mile of this village, lately purchased
by Mr. John Elliott, of London township, and ran it down, stating that
it was flat rock Krd sand ; now we are in a position to prove that such
is a base libel. We know the farm well, and feel satisfied that it would
be hard to beat it either in Perth or Middlesex. It contains 215 acres,
all hard wood, and is entirely free from stone or flat rock, while the soil
is a rich clay loam that cannot be surpassed in quality.
With reference tc the insinuation of the Vidette, that " the writer of
the comments in the Globe is probably as ignorant of the district as him.
tfp.lf," we are in a position to state that the Globe is M'ell posted with re-
ference to the settlement, and is not in the habit of making haphazard
assertions. They sent a reporter here who travelled every inch of the
ground between Washago and Farry Sound, and that reporter felt the
responsibility of the task he had undertaken, and faithfully performed
his part. He examined the farms and products of the country — con-
versed freely with the settlers from lot to lot, and after a thorough in-
vestigation, gave a favorable opinion to the world, and if the Editor of
Vidette will do likewise, he will have cause to write in a different strain
of Muskoka, which is not only noted for its beautiful scenery, its intelli-
gent inhabitants, but also for the fertility of its soil. With reference to
the imputation thrown at ourselves, namely, "that it is our business to
puff our home," and consequently " little dependence ^ can be placed in
our statements ;" we have just to remark that our business is to state
Jctcts, this course we have invariably pursued, and with such weapons we
liave faced much opposition and have always triumphed. We well re-
THE BLACK PICTURE.
101
member the time when Mr. Simpson's letter appeared, and had it not
been for such misrepresentation, probably we would never have taken
the stand we took in reference to these settlements ; but being thoroughly
convinced from personal knowledge and close observation, that there
was a large amount of land fit for agricultural purposes, and satisfied
from its geographical position and wonderful natural advantages, that be-
fore long Muskoka would become one of the most prosperous parts of
Ontario, duty prompted us to advocate the settlement of these wild
lands; and we think that the past success of the settlement in a sufficient
guarantee to those who shall hereafter settle, that with sobriety, patience
and industry, success is certain.
If the question is put. Why do you recommend people to settle in
Muskoka 1 we reply : We are acquainted with hundreds in these districts
who have been much improved in their circumstances by settling in our
midst. Numbers who came here with very small means, and some ev«?n
without means, now own good farms, which are well stocked, and their
•circumstances would compare favorably with those outside.
The editor of the Vidette tries to excuse himself thus :
" All we can say to this is, that if we have printed the truth, it mat-
ters very little to us whether the Premier or any other dignitary suffers
by the exposure. If we have not done so, we were, at any rate, war-
ranted in publishing the earnestly-expressed opinions of so many respec-
table farmers of this neighbourhood, made after a thorough personal ob-
servation of the country.'
Now, we state, had the truth been printed, we would not have troubled
ourselves to reply; but the "Black Picture" is a Waci/a&eAoorf, and,
in justice to the settlers and the settlement, we were obliged to enter
upon the defence.
The amount of evidence in favor of what we have written and said
about this country is so voluminous, that we find it difficult to make a
selection. However, for the information of our readers, we give a few
extracts, and call attention to the letters of the Rev. John Webster,
headed "Muskoka calmly considered," which appeared in the two pre-
'vious issues of the Advocate^ by which it will be seen that in his opinion
th re is from 70 to 75 per cent, of the land fit for cultivation. A great
deal of weight must be attached to Mr. Webster's statement. He has
travelled the length and breadth of the District with a zeal worthy of
i
11
«^« I
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102
FRE'i GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
It inn;
the great work in which he is engaged, and has had ample opportunities,
of judging of the country.
^ The Globe says, a short time ago a dark picture was given by tlie St,
Mary's Vidette of the state and prospects of the Muskoka region. It
seems some farmers from that neighbourhood had gone on a flying visit,
and came back with a most dreadful account of what they saw, heard,
and tasted. The Northern Advocate takes up the cudgels in favour of the
maligned region, and point by point meets the representations of the St.
Mary's visitors, and with a great deal of earnestness repudiates the re-
presentation as a laughable and outrageous caricjvture. The ftict is, the
"picture" drawn was so black that it carried its own contr.adiction on
the very face of it. For instance, it was said that in eleven townships
*' about half a dozen loads of wheat were raised." The Advocate, in re-
ply, says that the Bracebridge flour-mill alone is so beset with teams^
bringing and taking away grists, that oii£ can scarcely turn himself.
Half a dozen of loads for eleven townships Avould not justify the erection
of a flour mill at all. To represent the water of the Muskoka region as
a villainous compound, like lye, is also exceedingly foolish, and worse^
for even the casual visitor can easily know that generally it is exception-
ally good. Muskoka may not be all its most sanguine friends have re-
presented it to be, but it is not the waste, howling wilderness the Mis-
souri farmers have pictured, or anything like it. Other people have
been there as well as the good friends from Perth, and are quite sure
that the picture drawers must have taken heavy suppers, and had un-
pleasant dreams.
The Beaverton Expositor says: the editor of the St. Mary's Vidette
repeats that personally he knows nothing of Muskoka, and then retorts
to the refutation of statements contained in his paper, that they Avere
the ** accounts of intelligent and trustworthy farmers who had paid a
visit to that region ;" while, he asserts, the writer of the comments in the
Glebe is probably as ignorant of the district as himself, and little
dependence can be placed on the Advocate, because it is its business to
puff its home. We do not suppose our confrere has wilfully maligned
Muskoka ; and his anxiety to defend his friends is not surprising, though
the manner in which he does it is. We can assure the Vidette, from
personal knoudedge, that the tale of those " intelligent farmers" is equally
ftb incorrect as were the reports circulated through the American press,.
during the civil war, and stated to be vouched for by " an intelligent
contraband."
MUSKOKA CALMLY CONSIDKREI).
103;
The Orillia Packet says : —
" At the entrance of the district it has a most forhidding aspect, hut
there are continual signs of improvement as you go further in. The
products of the district are usu. Jly of the best quality, and the yield
per acre good. It is not claimed that Muskoka is equal to the older
parts of the Pro^'ince, hut it is claimed that good land may be obtained
there, that the climate is healthful, and the ■water good and pure, though
generally soft. The settlers are, as a class, possessed of more than
ordinary intelligence, contented and prospering. They went there for
the purpose of securing homes for themselves and families, and this they
are doing in a much larger proportion of instances than is the case in
most Canadian settlements. We are personally acquni'ited Avith not a
few Avho went there with nothing, and are now in comfortably independ-
ent circumstances, and there are sev^eral really wealtliy persons in ther
district, who have avoided lumber and Government land speculations.
In fact, the latter is of comparatively rare occurrence there.
" The story related by the Vidette has very little foundation in fact
and we are only surprised our confrere allowed himself to be so grossly
misled by sucli an eminently ridiculous story, which carries contradic-
tion on the face of it. The greater part of the studied misrepresentation
with reference to the District of Muskoka has been the work of the en-
emies of the settlement J Government agents, there is but one in the Dis-
trict ; and the settlers avoid it well knowing that ultimately the result
would be adverse to the prosperity of the settlement*"
The Barrie Advance says . —
" The settlement has a very zealous defender in the editor of the Ad-
vocate. He is himself one of the pioneers of the District ; and as one
who is in a position to know the facts, and of good repute as to credi-
bility, "vve prefer taking the picture he draws on the subject, to that of
the Vidette^ s eighteen witnesses."
The following appeared in the Nenihern Advocate on the 6th and 13th
of January, 1871 :
MUSKOKA CALIMLY CONSIDERED. .
BY THE REV. JOHN WEBSTER.
To the Editor oj the '' Niyrthem Advocate. "
Mr. Editor. — I wish, through your paper, to place a few thought*
before your readers on this great Muskoka country. The enquiry is fre-
104
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
■''' ■■'?
<i
quently mndo, " Wliat do you tliink about Muskoka ?" Without no-
ticing those questions separately, my friends will find an answer to them
in this letter.
The country is variously described by diflFerent individuals, according
to the stand point from which it is viewed. In my opinion, some place
their standard far too high, and others far too low. After having spent
nearly six months in the district, I believe a medium view will be more
<:orrect, and therefore I sliall follow it.
The country is diversified — it is not one great plain, neither is it a
mountainous country. We have hills and dales, rocks and lands, rivers
and lakes in abundance. The scenery is most beautiful. It would be
hard to surpass in loveliness some of those lakes, nestled as they are in
an almost unbroken forest, still with enough of clearance oiv their shores
to give them a beautiful, wild, romantic appearance. As you sail on
those waters, and pass silently around numerous rocky islands, covered
with trees, mostly pine and other evergreen trees, as the balsam, spruce,
and hemlock; passing now and then an island with one solitary tree
standing on it, to brave the buffeting of the storm alone, you imagine
you see some of the scenery described in some fairy tale you have read
in childhood. But the Christain can, however, turn the whole scenery
to a better account, as he reads his Bible, and reads of Christ, the ''Rock
of Ages," upon which the soul can anchor and be safe, while the storm
of life passes over him. Some of the largest islands can be cultivated,
having excellent soil on them.
THE ROCK
Generally rises up suddenly and £ brup'^ly ; some places to a great height,
and then sinks down into the ground to unknown depths. It is no un-
common thing to see wells, within a few feet of a great rock, or surround-
ed with rocks, sunk 30 and 40 feet and not touch the rock. They are
ill ridges, generally running from southward to northward, — some
places extending for several miles, and other places only a short distance.
But those rocky ridges are not nearly as extensive as a stranger would
imagine, as they are not very wide. There are very few rolling stones
in the land ; they are only found in a few localities. There is very
little flat rock. We have not much swampy land — the rocks of Muskoka
;seem to take the place of the swamps in the western part of the province.
1
MUSKOKA CALMLY CONSIDERED.
105
1
THE SOIL
Is generally light, l)eing a sandy loam. In some places you may find
clay , but it is the exception, not the rule. The soil however is fertile
and well adapted to the growth of grass, peas, oats, rve, barley, potatoes,
and all kinds of roots, but will never, in my opinion, be a first rate
wheat country. In some chance places and seasons you might have a
good crop ; but it won't pay for the farmer to turn his attention to wheat
raising Stock raising and dairying is what will pay, and pav well.
The land being high, dry, and rolling, is admirably adapted for sheep
grazing. The farmer, who turns his attention to stock raising, us above
mentioned, will, with the blessing of God, I think, succeed and live as
comfortably as in almost any other part of Canada. There is, I presume^
about 70 or 75 per cent, on an average, o' 'and that can be cultivated.
The timber in the forests is pine, hemlock, aaple, beech, birch, and in
some localities considerable oak.
The spring and well water can be used for washing purposes as satis-
factorily as rain Avater. It is not black and brackish, as some have
stated, only where it is affected by minerals. The water in the Muskoka
Eiver and Lake is of a darkish color, and in some of the creeks, but the
water generally is clear and beautiful. On account of its softness it does
not agree with some people when they first come to the district, but when
they become u.«ed to it the effect it first produced ceases, and they general-
ly like it better than hard water. I will not say that ad like the country ;
but the most of those who settle in it like it very much, and are happy
and contented. I would advise any Canadian wishing to " locate land,"'
to come first, spend a few days, look around him ; if he can suit himself^,
select his lot, build his shanty, return and fetch his family and move
them at once to their own homes, and thus save them from a great
amount of toil, fatigue, and expense.
11
THE I AND POLICY.
Government has made a pretty liberal land policy, and grants 200
acres to a man having children under 18 years of age, and allows him to
purchase a third 100 acres for $50. A young man can draw 100 acres,
and purchase the second for $50. By this free grant system many are
induced to come out and settle in the district. The Act however needs
mending, which I hope will take place at the present session of Parlia-
m.
106
FREK (iRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
' .1
ment. T am not going to embark in politics, Mr. Editor, nor find fault
with tlie fJovernment, or anyont*, else ; but, as a Canadian, I understand
Canadian life ; and now, as I live in the Muskoka District, I know Avliat
the settlers need, and wiiat would be advantageous and beneficial to
both the settlers and the (Government. I can only name a few, with-
out entering on any particular argument, as I have not room in this
paper. 1 shall notice —
1. The restriction on the pine growing on the land being cleared for
the "settlement duties." While the country should be protected from
l)eing 'stripped by mere speculators, yet the actual settler should not be
forced either to burn uj) the pine on the land he clears, or pay the
Covernment 75 cents per thousand feet if he sells it. WIktc a man
lives a little distance from the water, 75 cents per thousand feet tak;
away his profits, and he cannot aff'ord to draw the logs to any market
consequently he is forced to burn up the most beautiful and vahial)le
pine. He should be allowed to have every stick that grows upon his
land ; and, while he ought to be restricted and prevented from " strip-
ping" the land of the valuable timber, and not clearing it, yet he should
be allowed to sell any timber on tlie land he clears, fences and prepares
for crops. For the want of this privilege, thousands of dollars Avortli
of timber, last summer, was burnt in clearing the land ; which was i^
great loss to the country, and of no benefit to the Government.
2. The restrictions on mines, minerals, i^c, should be taken away,
and let the owner have all that is in the ground and rocks, as well as
what is on them ; and if there is anything valuable in them, let tin;
country be developed. If there should be a valuable mine, or mineral
of any sort discovered, let it be worked, and pay the Government a tax
aocording to the value received.
.3. Another amendment should be made, to allow those settlers who
Avere in the country and drew one hundred acres under the old Act, to
draw a second, and thus allow those, who bore the toil, burden and hard
ships of a new country life, to have at least equal privileges with those
coming now into the District.
4. Another is, squatters should be allowed to have their land, and
<?njoy their clearings, without having to pay for them. Some of them
suffered almost everything but death by starvation when they came to
the District. Small as their shanties and clearings were, they were made
a great blessing to the other settlers coming into the District. They
MUSKOKA CALMLY ( ONSIDKHEI).
107
)
ought to have their lands as free giants. I hope some member of the
Government, or some other gentleman of the House, will bring about
these and several other reforms, which this great new country needs to
make it what it ought to V)e.
THK ROADS.
The Government lays out harge sums of money yearly in building roads ;
l)y this means much has been done towards the settling of this countiy and
giving employment to emigrants. The road from W.ishago to Graven-
h irst lies, for the most part of the way, between two great ridges of
rocks, which give the whole country, to a new comer, a barren and fright-
ful appearance. jVfany persons who are fearfiTl and tender-hearted, return
next day, declaring the country is not fit for white men to live in. A
laigc amount of mcjiiey was spent on this road durjng the past summer,
in grading, planking, gravelling it, and in building bridges. The lakes
and rivers are our great highways in the summer season ; consequently,
•oif the leading Government roads, the other roads are neglected by the
settlers, but they must in a few years be opened out.
KMKiHATKiN
Is pouring in rapidly. Mr. Lount, the Crown Land Agent, since May
last, has located over 100,000 acres of land. The emigrants, both from
the old countries and Canada, are generally of the right stamp. I never
saw abetter class of people settling in any new country. The majonty
of them are a reading, well educated, industrious people ; many of them
highly cultivated. With such a class of peoph;, and the blessing of God
this part of the country is destined to take, in a few years, a prominent
place in the Dominion of Canada.
RELIGION
Is not neglected. There are three Wesleyan ministers, two Primitive
Methodist ministers, one Church of England minister, and Congrega-
tional minister. The Presbyterians were supplied with students from
their college during the summer season. The Church of England have
tvro churches, the Primitive Methodists one church, the Presbyterians
one church, and there are three small union churches in the District.
. THE PRESS.
The Globe says : —
We are glad to notice that the locations in the Free Grant District
■t3i
108
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
,-v,
■: I
I ^ :l
are increasing in a very gratifying degree. The number of acres taken
up (luring tlie hist three years was 239,732, of which 139,23,'} were so-
occupied during 1870. The number of adults over 18 years of age who
settled in that region during the same period was 2,021, of whom 1,080
were during last year. The plan, first suggested we believe by Mr.
Donaldson, the Toronto Emigration Agent, of making a small clearance
on Free Grant lots and building a houae, for which the settlers are to-
pAy, is to be tried in a township selected for the purpose. Wo cannot
but think that it will be a great boon to many a family. It will enable
ihem to bring all their goods and chattels on at once, and allow them to
put in more or less of a crop during the first year. We trust that it
will be found so successful as to be -carried forward vigorously as a part
of the regular business of the Department.
The Daily Tcl&jraph of December 21, 1870, says : —
THE MUSKOKA DISTRICT.
In the course of the debate on the Address, several members of the
Opposition stated that the land in the Muskoka district was unfit for
cultivation, and that the Government were acting cruelly and deceitfully
in inducing people to settle in such a rocky wildorness. The charge was-
met by members of the Government and others, who informed the
House that, though there certainly were barren tracts in the district, at
least 70 per cent, of the land was fit for cultivation. This statement
is fully borne out by persons who have visited the Free Grant region ;
many of them old Canadian farmers in every way capable of forming
an opinion. It is a fact tliat many Canadians have gone into the Mus-
koka District from the older settlements of the Province, and are doing:
well there. It is also a fact that hundreds of immigrants have taken up
lots during the last year or two. Now, when we find all those person*
remaming in the district, and when we find them contented and satisfied,
the country cannot be such a wilderness as some members of the House
would have the public believe. So far as we know, very few persona
have abandoned their lots ; and complaints from settlers are seldom
heard. They want gravel roads and a railway, in order to give them
connection with our market ; and were those wants supplied, we believe
the Muskoka District would rapidly fill up, and would, in the course of
a few years, become one of the finest settlements in Ontario.
As the following letter, written by a gentlemen who has visited the
MITSKOKA. CALMLY CONSIDEUED.
hnf
Free (inuit Di-strict, fully meets the assertions of mombers of thw
Opposition, we give it place in these columns : —
"Sir,— raving atu'ndc<l the sittings of the House during tlie debate
on the Address, I was much surprised at the reckless manner in which
hon. members, and notably Mr. Kvans, addressed the House in regard to
the condition of the settlers, an<lthe (juality of the land in the Muskoka
District. H(r stated that it was not fit for agricultural purposes, and in-
finitely inferior to the prairie lands in the Western States ; that tlio
advantages hehl out by the Government of Ontario were not such as to
induce a Canadian farmer to settle in the District : an<l that there wa.>*
not a fsirjuer in Upper Canada who would recommend his son to take
up his residence in Muskoka, with a $500 note to start himself, because
the Government had power by act of Parliament to take away every
valuable stick of tind)er on his land if they saw fit, and no freeman
would tak(; u[) land on such terms. Now, Mr. Evam; cannot have made
liimself personally acijuainted either with the settlement duties re([uired
by the Act of 1868, or with the Muskoka Territory itself. Having
travelled in Muskoka last summer, and gone, I may say, through a con-
siderable section of it, I can fully corroborate all the Minister of Agri-
culture stated in his reply ; but I consider that the latter gentleman did
not go far enough ; that he under rather than over valued the resources
of the Free Grant District. Having had a great deal of experience of
land in several parts of Great Britain, and having been out here suffi-
cient time to become acquaint f^d with the cai)abilities of the Province of
Ontario for agricultural purposes, a few words comparing the Muskoka
with others, and enumerating the advantages it holds out to settlers,
may perhaps be interesting to your readers. I may first premise that I
never heard one settler complain of his position, but all spoke most
strongly in favor of the territory, whether they were shipwrights from
the Thames, farm laborers from Devon or Canadians. The advantages
of the Muskoka District, which present themselves most prominently to
my mind, are —
"1. The short distance it is from Toronto, Bracebridge, the centre of
the Free Grant townships, being nearer to it than London, Canada
West ; and when the railroad is completed to Gravenhurst, Bracebridge
will be within six hours of Toronto.
"2. The easy means of access by railroad and boat, with a break of
only 14 miles staging over a plank road, for the construction of which
7
110
FIIKE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
:' I
last summer the Government appropriated a large sum of money. When
the rail runs through to Gravenhurst that staging will be avoided.
"3. The easy terms on which a head of a family can acquire at least
200 acres of good agricultural land, viz : to reside for six months in
«ach year for five years in his location ; to clear fifteen acres of land
during that period ; to cultivate at least two acres yearly and to build a
log-hut of certain dimensions.
"From a careful examination of the country, I am convinced that
there is at least 70 per cent, of good agricultural land, and comparing it
with Northumberland, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and the adjacent
parts of the counties bordering thereon, I am of opinion that the pre-
ponderance of Muskoka in good land over the named counties is at least
37 to 40 per cent ; and comparing it also with counties in the south-west
of England, such as Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, &c., the result in favor of
Muskoka is as 7 to 6. Of course, in an agricultural point of view it
does not come up to the midland, eastern and southern shires of Eng-
land, but on the other hand it has ad\ antages of its own which they do
not possess, such as water privileges, &c. As to the idea that the Free
Grant District is a mass of rock (though the fact that there is plenty of
rock there cannot be denied) is all a mistake. Many of the settlers,
however, prefer a portion of rock, as they consider that the rocks retain
during the night a large proportion of the heat received from the sun
during the day, and, consequently the atmosphere is greatly mellowed,
preventing the frosts in the spring and fall from being greatly injurious.
The crops that I saw when there promised a good return for the settler's
labors, and that promise has been fulfilled. I have seen samples of
cereals grown there quite equal to that produced in the best wheat
growing townships in. Canada. The roads, in consequence of the rock
in the district, are in capital condition, and can compare most favourably
with those of much older settled districts. That the climate is not
severe is proved by the fact that last spring the steamers were lunning
in Muskoka on the 4th of April, while Lake Simcoe was not open for
navigation until the 22nd. It is also a mistake fiat the Free Grant
District is so far north, nothing of the kind. The parallel of latitude,
which is the boundary line between the eastern townships and Vermont^
runs through the Muskoka Lake. In fact, it is in the same latitude as
"Cornwall, Ontario.
" As to the Government having the right to take the timber as stated
<(
! r.
MUSKOKA CALMLY CONSIDERED.
Ill
by Mr. Evans, it is also a mistake. A settler, if located on a pine lot,
is allowed to cliop thirty acres daring the five years without any license,
and after the expiration of the five years al) the pine on the lot is abso-
lutely his own. If he wishes to chop more than the thirty acres before
he receives his patent, he must pay the same license as a lumberer would
have. But, if he is located on a hard-wood lot, there is absolutely no
restriction whatever. Again, if a man finds that in his lot there are a
certain number of acres unfit for agicultural cultivation, he has only to
bring two witnesses who will make the necesaary affidavit of the fact,
and he is entitled to an equal number of acres out of another lot, retain-
ing his own also. In fact, a man has 100 acres of agricultural land
whether he has only that amount or more.
" I am so perfectly satisfied with the territory and the capabilities it
affords of enabling a certain class 'to get on, that I have written to the
old country, advising several parties to come out in the spring, and take
up locations in Muskoka; and I have every reason to believe that sev-
eral will make up their minds so to do. It is not only a farmer who
can get on there ; for there is almosi a representative of every class of
persons there. Witness, ofl^icers on half pay, jewellers, shipwrights,
•clerks, painters, weavers, lawyers. &c.
" Apologizing for occupying so much of your valuable space, but the
conviction that the resources of the Free Grant Territory are not known
as they ought to be in Canada, must be my excuse. A settler going
there will find everybody ready to lend him a helping hand, and afford
him every information. I know instances of men who settled in that
district four or five years ago with almost nothing, and have now good
farms, and are happy, contented and prosperous." .
Again, the Telegraph has the following : —
"THE COLONIZATION ROADS
are doing an immense and plainly perceptible amount of good in increas-
ing immigration, the Hon. Attorney General lias pledged that the Gov_
ernment intend still pursuing a liberal policy with reference to the open-
ing up of this district. Nature has done much in clothing this part of
the land in beauty, in supplying it with great resources and inducements
for immigration, and it only remains for the Government to assist in the
development of the Muskoka district
" As an evidence of the increase of immigration to this Province, we
i)
u
112 FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
have much pleasure in giving the following from the Hamilton i^pedator
of the 21st Januaiy, 1871 :
" IMMIGRATION REPORT.
"Mr. Carling is not a showy Minister in the debates of the House, but
there is an unol)trusivo enthusiasm iri his management of the affairs of
his Department Avhich has already yielded good fruit, and gives prom-
ise of moYi\ Above all, there is a praiseworthy punctuality in his deal-
ing with the public which we should like to see imitated by the heads
of departments at Ottawa. The present year is but in the first month
of its age, and yet Ave have Mr. Carling's Immigration Report for 1870.
From our knowledge of what had been dune in this Department, we felt
justified in predicting, some tune ago, that the immigration for the past
year would be greater than it had been in 1SG9, even though the latter
year showed a handsome increase over preceding years. We are glad to
find that we have not been flisapp'^inted. The total number of inmii-
grauts Avho settled in the Province in 1869, as shown by tlio reports of
Hamilton, Toronto, Kingston and Ottawa agencies, was 15,893. In
1870, the number was 25 290, showing an increase of 9,397. As an evi
dence of the judicious policy adopted by the Government on this (jues-
tiou, and as an illustration of the progress we are making, we give the
immigration returns sin e 186G :
*' Number of immigrants settled in Canada in
1860 10,091
1867 14,666
1868 12,765
18«9 18,630
" These figures, let it be borne in mind, are for the two I'rovinces of
Upper and Lower Canada previous to Confederation, and for the whole
Dominion afterAvards. The figures show that the largest number of im
migrants in any one year was under 19,000, whi^ ^ last year, for the Pro-
vince of Ontario alone, it was over 25,000. It may be said, and no
doubt will, that more might have been done ; but if the numbers were
increased a hundred fold that argument would be of equal force, and
might be urged with as much fairness as it is now. It should be re-
membered that a'healthy immigration is one that can be readily absorb-
ed by our industrial system. A greater number than is indicated by
this test is not desirable in any one year ; for, of all thmgs, we must
IMMIGRATION REPORT.
113
guard against a well-founded discontent among our immigrant popula-
tion. Even a temporary inconvenience in obtaining employment is certain
to cause such discontent, and it is certain to find its way across the
ocean, to our future inju-"y.
" With our ever widening area of settlement, it is very true that incon-
venience and discomfort from Avant of employment con be but tempor-
ary, and it is equally true that those who are ready to settle upon land
may come in almost unlimited numbers ; but after all, the great major-
ity of immigrants will be men in want of employment immediately upon
landing ; the more industrious and energetic of whom will get into bet-
ter positions in the course of time. How nearly the immigration of
1870 was proportioned to our industrial wants, may be roughly estima
ted by returns from the municipalities, in answer to Mr. Carling's in-
quiry as to how many they could find employment for. According to
these returns the number asked for was 22,802. It is very certain, of
course, that every employer who could find work for a laborer upon his
farm, a mechanic in his workshop, or a domestic servant in his home,
did noi; make a statement of his wants to the Government, This num-
ber, therefore, it may reasonably be inferred, does not mark the limit of
the countiy's capacity to give employment, but merely expresses the
more urgent wants of employers. The number that actually arrived we
know considerably exceeded this, for Mr. Carling tells us that *' in addi-
tion to the number reported from the above (Ontario) agencies, there
has doubtless been a large accession to the Province of settlers from
Great Britain and Ireland, who paid their own expenses out, and of
whom we have no available record as to their numbers." These, he
thinks, Avith the arrivals reported at the fijur agencies, probably sum up
to a total of not less than 50,000 souls added to our population by immi-
gration for the two years 1869 and 1870. The fact that all these have
found employment among us without in the least affecting the labor
market, is a most gratifying proof of the prosperity which the country at
present enjoys. Each one of them will create employment for others
who are to follow, and If the change has been a satisfactory one to them
— as we know to be the fact in nineteerr cases out of twenty, at least —
each will become an immigration agent within his own circle of friends
At " home," co-operating with the other agencies at work, and helping
irs to solve what, after all, is the grand problem for Canada — the settle-
ment of the country.
^
114
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
ri.;^
■ F' *y
•1^ ; f
"There can be no doubt that when the Government selected Mr. White
as Emigration Commissioner to England they did an inestimable service
to thJsP rovince. We have heard same carping criticism — of the per-
functory and professional kind — upon Mr. White's mission : he didn't
go at the right time of ohe year ; he didn't stay a sufficient length of
time, and he didn't go into the agricultural districts — ^with other stuff of
the same kind. But he did something far more important than all these ;
he did, in fact, the one thing needful to be done at the time ; he caught
*he public ear on the emigration question, made it a subject of popular
discussion, and enlisted in its behalf the efforts of philanthropists, and
these efforts are now bearing fruit.
"Encouraged l>y past success, Mr. Carling proposes to enter upon an
experimental field. He recommends that a township bo set apart from
among the back townships of the Free Grant district, containing good
agiicultural lands, and an appropriation made sufficient to enable the
Government to make a clearance on alternate lots, to the extent of from
three to five acres, and erect a log house thereon ; these to bo given to
heads of families of good character, with the cost of the Govern-
ment improvements as a first charge upon the land, and to be repaid in
instalments during tlie 3rd, 4th and 5th years of settlement. This is
spoken of as but an experiment, and it is just possible that therci may
be found many practical difficulties in carrying it out ; but it is Avell
worth trying, ind if it be guided to success its value will be very great."
The Rev. Dr. Newton writes : —
"I have great faith in the bright future of this country. My duties
as a clergyman necessitate an extensive and familiar knowledge of the
people and the District of Rosseau and Nipissing, and I am glad to bear
witness to much contentment and prosperity among sober and industrious
settlers. Many who came in with very little, are quietly making com-
fortable homes, and realizing property. And observe the longer they
live here the better they like the country."
The publisher has much pleasure in presenting the following letter,
which he has received from R. J. Oliver, Esq., late Crown Lands Agent for
the District of Muskoka :
"St. Louis, Mo., U. S.,
"18th January, 1871.
"Thomas McMurray, i.sQ.,
■^•Dear Sir, — I have re.id with interest the Prospectus of your His-
tory of Muskoka, sooj^ to be published in pamphlet form. For sorao
THE SETTLERS GREATEST ENEMY.
115
time past I have been arranging my notes on the settlement, with the
view of publishing them, but am very much pleased to be superseded
by one so well qualified for the work. Your long residence in the set-
tlement, dating from within a few months of its opening to the present
time, gave you every opportunity for collecting such information as you
may need, and I know you have not been a sleepy observer of passing
events.
'^1^/ie constant influx of land seekers to my office through your agency, during
your itinerancy in the Temperance cause, leave testimony to your untiring zeal
in iJie u-elfare of your adopted country, and now that you ^have the press
at your command, full scope can be given to the genius and power of
your mind. The inf mation you promise to give is much needed
abroad. Canada has lopg been most shamefully misrepresented by in-
terested and competing parties, and a compendium of facts coming di-
rect from the settlers, not bearing the authority of speculative organiza-
tion, will be received without suspicion, and consequently a much
stronger tide of immigration may be expected to flow into the vast Free
Grant Districts of Canada.
"Since my residence in the States, 1 have made it my special object to
Inquire into the condition of settling on prairie lands, and my conclusion
is that a person with limited nuans can make a home, on bush land in Canada,
at half the cost ; with better chances for success, and with much more com-
fort than can be obtained on the bleak tiee-less prairies of the Western
States. I speak advisedly and from personal observation and inquiry,
"Hoping that your laudable enterprise may be fully sustained.
"I am, yours, &c.,
"K. J. Oliver."
THE SETTLER'S GREATEST ENEMY.
I cannot conclude this book without giving a word of warning to those
who are in the habit of tampering with strong drink. It has been my
painful duty to record the sad havoc which drink has caused in the set-
tlement since my arrival ; and as I do not wish to be personal, I will
simply state that not a few farms have been lost on account of intem
perance. Some of the first settlers, in consequence of it, have been
obliged to quit the settlement after considerable improvements had been
made, and not a few deaths iiave been caused by indulgence in the se-
ductive practice of drinking. It matters not where we turn — as in the
116
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
city 80 in the backwoods — drink is the common enemy of man. If I
should Hft the veil, and relate what I have known and witnessed of
drink's doings in Muskoka, it would fill a volume larger than the present
one. Drinking is the road to ruin, and we tremble for those who are
walking thereon. Some thdt we love and respect are on the very verge
of the precipice, and sad to relate, they seem ignorant of their danger.
Stop ! I cry, or your fate, like some who have already perished, will be
sad and terrible. Drink is alike injurious' to both buyer and seller, and
its victims have been made up of both classes. Many of my friends and
supporters are engaged in the business, but while I hate the traffic, I en-
tertain no unkind feelings towards the men. My Morst wish is that
they would engage in some other calling, or banish the liquor from the
bar.
RAILWAY TO BRACEBRIDGE.
The following petition, signed b> over one thousand settlers, was pre-
sented to the Ontario Government :
" PETITION
"To the Honourable the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, in Parliament
assembled.
"The petition of the undersigned, settlers of the District of Muskoka,
humbly sheweth : —
"I. That railroad communication is much required by the settlers, and»
in order to promote the development of the district, it is an absolute
necessity :
" II. That the interests of immigration would be largely promoted by
an extension of the Toronto, Simcoe, and Muskoka Junction Railway
through the Fr^3e Grant territory :
" III. That apart from all local considerations, the Province would be
largely benefited by promoting this scheme, from the fact that there is
still unoccupied a vast extent of country, capable of affording homes for
at least 200,000 families, that would quickly become settled by a loyal
and industrious people if railway facilities were furnished :
" IV. That said company, having accepted tenders for the construction
of their road to Washago, your petitioners are of opinion that your hon-
ourable body could not expend a portion of the surplus at present in your
hands more advantageously than by giving a substantial grant to aid in
the extension of this line through the heart of the Free Grant district.
"And your petitioners will, as in duty bound, ever pray, &c."
RAILWAY BUSINESS.
117
The Northern Advocate of February 24th, 1871, contains the fol-
'iowing : —
"KAIL WAY BUSINESS.
'* We call the attention of our readers to tlie article which appears in
this issue, headed " Eailway to Bracebridge " by which it will be
seen that an arrangement has been entered into to extend the Toron-
to, Simcoe, and Muskoka Junction Railway right through to Bracebridge.
The conditions are the best that possibly could be made, namely, the
Government give $4,000 a mile, the Company $10,000, and the District
$2,000. On these terms, and on these alone, the Company will extend
their line from the present terminus — (Thomson and Millar's, Rama) —
to Bracebridge ; and, unless these conditions are complied with, the Road
must stop at Tliomson and Millar's.
"The Bonus will be extended over twenty years, and no payment is re-
quired unless as sections of the road are completed. By this arrange-
ment the ratepayers will never feel the tax — in fact, they are paying
more now in extra freightage twice over than will be required of them
by way of assistance in the construction of the road. Besides, when the
line is built, the value of property will greatly increase and a vast im-
petus will be given to business, while the wild lands will quickly be
taken up and general prosperity mark our settlement.
"Here we have numerous lakes and rivers which would become tribu-
taries to a railway. Our supplies of timber are almost inexhaustible ;
our mill privileges are unequalled on the continent ; and all we want, to
laake Muskoka one of the most flourishing parts of Ontario, is railroa<l
extension. Give us this, and our district will become quickly settled,
and capitalists will be induced to come in and develope its resources."
RAILWAY TO BRACEBRIDofe.
Realizing the importance of Railway communication, the writer has
taken every opportunity in his power to agitate the matter, and has
watched closely the discussions which have been going on in reference
to Government Aid towards assisting to build a Railway through the
Free Grant Districts. Fortunately, he was present in the House, when
the Act to aid in the construction of Railways was brought forward, and,
finding that immediate action was necessary, he Imrried home and had a
meeting called — Geo. F. Gow, Esq., Reeve, in the chair — at which the
subject was discussed.
PF
118
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA.
i if
A deputation . consisting of Jno. Teviotdale, Robt. E. Perry, and
Thomas McMurray were appointed to go to Toronto in order to secure
the extension of the Toronto. Simcoe and Muskoka Junction Eailway to
Bracebridge.
On Tuesday afternoon, the 14th inst., they left Bracebridge, and the
next morning they reached Toronto just in time to see the House pro-
rogued.
An interview was sought with the Attorney- General, and at nine
o'clock the following morning the deputation, accompanied by the Hon.
Prank Smith, Mr. Fred. Cumberland, M. P. P., Mr. Wm. Lount, M. P. P.,
Mr. A. P. Cockburn, M. P. P., and Mr. Wallis, M. P. P., met at the
office of the Attorney General, and were received most graciously by
the Premier.
Having received the assurance, that $4,000 per mile would be grant-
ed by the Government between Washago and Bracebridge, the Deputa-
tion afterwards met the President of the Board, Mr. Cumberland, Mr.
Lount, and Mr. Cockburn, at the " Queen's Hotel," when the following
arrangement was entered into, subject to the'endorsation of the different
Reeves and approval of the ratepayers of the district.
I
"Toronto, 16th February, 1871. j
" Messrs. Teviotdale, Perry,
AND McMuRRAY, Bracebridge.
"Gentlemen. — Adverting to your interview with the Attorney Gen-
eral this morning, when you presented a petition from the Muskoka
District, praying that the Government would recognize the Toronto,-
Simcoe and Muskoka Junction Railway as entitled to Parliamentary aid
to Bracebridge, under the Act just passed, I understood the Attorney-
General to say that the Ministry would so recognize that Railway and
would apply the aid to its construction as far as Bracebridge, so soon
and whenever the Company was in a position to satisfy the Government
of its ability to command the remainder of the capital and to construct
the Road within the period (six years) limited by its Act of Incorpo-
tion.
" It is clear, therefore, that if we can establish that ability at once, we
can at once get Bracebridge declared as the Northern Terminus of the
Line, and we can secure the setting apart of a grant in aid of say $4,000^
RAILWAY BUSINESS.
119
per mile for every mile actually constmcted within the Free Grant
District,
"We have, as you are aware, surveyed the line of location throughout
to Bracebridge, and we have before us the estimates of the cost of the
line to that point.
"We have made very beneficial airangements by lease with the North-
em Railway Company, under which a very important portion of the
necessary capital is secured ; but at present we are unable to do more
than secure the means for completing and uniting the line as fjir as the
Portage in the Township of Rama.
" We are nevertheless satisfied that if the Municipalities comprised
within the District of Muskoka can contribute by bonus say not less
than an aggregate sum of $50,000, being equal to $2,000 per mile, we
may be enabled to submit such a scheme for securing the whole capital
as will induce and justify the Government in passing an immediate
Order of Council securing the aid to Bracebridge as aforesaid.
"In the absence of such assurance from the Municipalities, we see no
prospect or ability for projecting our line beyond the Portage, and we
shall have (at any rate for the present) to restrict our appeal to the Gov-
ernment for aid in that point.
"I have, therefore, to inquire whether you are prepared to give to my
Board of Directors such an assurance of assistance by By-law to the ex-
tent of $50,000 as will warrant them in submitting the whole scheme to
the Government at once.
" ?':ould you do so, it will be upon the understanding : —
" 1st. That the By-law shall await the demand of the Company, and
shall only be submitted to the people when the Company is prepared to
commence the execution of work.
" 2nd. That when and so soon as the By-law shall be passed, the de-
bentures of the county shall be placed in trust, only to be issued from
time to time in proportion to the work actually done between AVashago
and Bracebridge.
" If you assent to these suggestions, it is our conviction that the an-
nouncement of the fact, that provision has been secured for the constnic-
tion of our line to Bracebridge, will give such an impetus to the settle-
ment of your District, as that when (say a year hence) the By-law comes
to be submitted, the strength of the township will have been so increas-
^m^^
1
!
i
_, :
J 20
FREE GRANT LANDS OF MUSKOKA
ed as to make the burthen of tlie bonus a very hght one. The truth is,
that your townships arc now paying, in extra freiglit, charges enough to
cover all the liability upon a debt double in amount to that which (un-
-der the wise provisions of the Government) will now suffice to secure you
liailway connection with Lake Ontario and all the markets.
" I am, gentlemen,
*' Your obedient servant,
"Frank Smith,
"P/w. of T. S. & M. J. Railway:'
Toronto, IGth February, 1871.
-^'The Hon. Frank Smith,
■' '' "President, T. S. &M. J. Railway,
" Toronto.
" Sir, — In reply to your letter of this date, we beg to say that your
.statement as to the result of our interview with the Attorney-General
is correct. Our interpretation of his reply was to the effect that the
Government and Legislature did not desire to limit the extension of any
railways into Free Grant Districts, but would grant aid under the terms
of the Act to such an extent as the Companies could show their ability to
.construct within the periods named in their charters.
"We quite recognize the importance, therefore, of your being in a pos-
ition to satisfy the Government of your exility to construct j our Rail-
way to Bracebridge, in order that, under the terms of the law, the Gov-
ernment aid may at once be set apart for that purpose.
" We feel satisfied that if it can be at once announced that the Railway
to Bracebridge has been recognized by the Government and will be built,
our townships will settle up with great rapidity, and will be ready and
willing when called upon to contribute by bonus the amount you require
to complete your capital, and under the securities you suggest.
"We accordingly feel warranted in giving you the assurance that, when
called upon (that is to say, whenever you are ready actually to com-
mence work), our townships will grant an aggregate bonus of $50,000
in aid of the railway betv/een Washago and Bracebridge, such aid to
be contributed from time to time in proportion to the work actually ex-
I
*,
RAILWAY BUSINESS.
121
ccuted l)etweon tliose points — tliat is to say, at the rate of $2,000 per
mile, or say $10,000 for every section of five miles actually constructed.
" As wo are only acting under subordinate powers, it is our intention
at the earliest possible moment to call together the Reeves of the
respective town.^liips, who, we cannot doubt, will approve and support
the action we have now taken, and who Avill themselves officially com-
nmnicate to you the decision at which they may arrive.
" We are, sir, your obedient servants,
"John Teviotdale,
"KoBT. E. Perry,
"Thomas McMurray."
MEETING OF THE REEVES OF AIUSKOKA.
In accordance with a requisition from the Railway Delegation, the
Reeves of Muskoka met at the Orange Hall, Bracebridge, on Wednesday,
March 1st, 1871.
On motion of Geo. F. Gow, Esq., Reeve of Macaulay, Mr. McMurray
was appointed Chairman, and Dr. Bridgland Secretary.
The Charman on rising gave an account of the interviews which the
Deputation had had with the Hon. John S. Macdonald and the Hon. Frank
Smith, President of the T., S. and M. J. Railway, and read the cor-
respondence which had taken place ; after which Messrs. Teviotdale and
Perry addressed the meeting. After which all the Reeves expressed
themselves in favour of* the scheme, and the following letter was for-
warded to the Pi'esident of the T., S. and M. J. Railway : —
"Bracebridge, 1st March, 1871.
"The Hon. Frank Smith,
" President of the T., S. & M. J. Railway, Toronto.
"Sir, — At a meeting of the Reeves of the District of Muskoka, at
which all were present, it was moved by A. H. Browning, Esq., Reeve
of Monck, and seconded by Albert Spring, Esq., Reeve of Draper, and
carried unanimously : - -
,1
sJt-
i
122
freb: grant lands of musk ok a.
" 'That this meeting fully endorses the action of the Deputation who
have just returned from Toronto, after having had interviews with the
Honourable the Attorney-General and the officials of the T., S. and M. J.
Railway, and return them its thanks for the trouble they have taken
in the matter.
•"G. F. Gow,
" 'Reeve of Macaulay.
" *RoDK. Stuart,
" 'Reeve of Muskoka.
" 'A. SUFFERN,
" 'Reeve of Watt.
" 'David Hogaboam,
" 'Reeve of Stephonson.
" *A. Spring,
" 'Reeve of Draper.
" 'A. H. Browning,
•' 'Reeve of Monck.' "
Annual and Special Meeting of the Toronto, Simcoe and Mus-
koka Junction Railway.
On the first day of March, 1871, the above meeting Avas held in To-
ronto, and we have much pleasure in submitting the following from the
report of the Hon. Frank Smith :
" 6. Your directors have continued to exert great efforts to secure the
prosecution of the works to the Muskoka terminus at Bracebridge ;
and they are encouraged in the belief that, under the application of the
recent Railway Subsidy Act, and with the co-operation of the Munici-
palities of the District, there is no practical obstacle to the accomplish-
ment of that object early in 1873."
COMPLIMENTARY BREAKFAST.
(From the NortJiem Advocate of February 17th, 1871).
" On Tuesday last, it having been ascertained that A. G. P. Dodge, Esq.,
•of the extensive lumbering firm of Dodge & Co., would visit Brace-
COMPLIMENTARY BREAKFAST.
123
bridge, on his way to the Magannetawan, a number of the principal mer-
chants of the pi rt waited upon that gentleman on his arrival and invit-
•ed him to a complimentary breakfast at the " Dominion House." A
large number sat down, the chair being occupied by G. F. Gow, Esq.,
Reeve of Macaulay, and the vice-chair, by R. K Perry, Esq. After a
liberal discussion of the good things provided, Mr. Dodge was presented
vrith the following address : —
** ' REsrECTED Sir, — It is with feelings of unmiiigled i)leasure that we
greet you on the present occasion, in order that we may have the happy
privilege of extending to you a sincere welcome to Bracebridge, the cen-
tre of your business operations in the District. Nothing affords us greater
pleasure than to encourage enterprise and promote the development of
this important and rapidly growing section of country and, satisfied thafc
Dodge and cnterjirise are synonymous terms, and that your operations
in this place are calculated to promote this gi-eat object and promote the
public weal, we hail with delight your visit. Without any flattery we
may be allowed to add, that, in addition to the very extensive nature
of your operations, the highly honorable manner in which it is conduct-
■ed has made your name a household word in every home throughout
the District, and induced us to take this opportunity of testifying our
esteem.
•"The high position which you occupy, as vice-president of the Toron-
to, Simcoe «k Muskoka Junction Railway, is another inducement which
prompts us to the performance of this duty. Convinced as we are that the
construction of this line would materially benefit this country, and con-
scious of the deep interest which you have taken in the promotion of
this scheme, we rejoice to have this opportunity to return you, in the
name of the settlers, our hearty thanks, with the request that you will
use your influence to hasten the day when we will be blessed with Rail-
way facilities. Your first address [at the meeting of officials of the
Northern Railway, which was held at Parry Sound on the 6th of Sep-
tember last, wherein you remarked, *|I am no annexationist ; I believe
in individuality ; I want to see a spirit of emulation between the two
great nations, and to be for ever united in those two great bonds —
Friendship and Commerce, together with the friendly spirit which yoa
have manifested towards our Queen and country, the noble philanthropic
utterances which you have made when alluding to our Institutions, an!
124
FREE GRANT LANDH OF MlfHKOKA.
I i
the great liberality which hm shown out in your every act, have en-
deared you to our people.
t « ^|^Q remairi, yours respectfully,
" Geo. F. Gow, Keove.
. " John Tkviotdalb:.
" RonKKT E. Pkrhy.
" Thomas Myers.
"J. W. Dill.
" H. PoilTAS.
** KicnAiii) Daniels.
'* Kev. John Webster.
'* Rev. J. K. Gibson.
" Joseph Coopeu.
" S. Bridcjland, ]\r. D.
"J. N. Byers, M.D.
"E. \V. Malpas.
" H. J. McDonald.
"George Wray.
"William Hanna.
"Thomas McMurray.'"
(fee. (^'C. &c.
I ^
« (
fmf
■ Mr. Dodge, in reply, said, that he hardly knew how to express hi&
thanks for the kind reception he had met with. He took a deep inter-
est in the progress of the Free Grant Districts, and was desirous to aid
in the construction of the Toronto, Simcoe, and Muskoka Junction Rail-
way. He expressed himself highly pleased with the kindness which had
been shown him since he came to Canada. At Ottawa and in the back-
woods he had experienced much friendship, and was now beginning to
feel at home Avith the Canadian people. He had a high appreciation of
the merits of the mother country. He recognized that whatever was
great, good and grand sprung therefrom ; and he auticipated that the
great Anglo-Saxon race was destined to make rapid strides upon the
continent. He had not as yet allied himself to any of the political par-
ties in this country. He was carefully observing things, and was resolv-
ed to identify himself with that party which was best calculated to pro-
mote the interests of the people. His highest ambition was to serve the
settlers, and he was anxious that all his commerce would prove a mutual
benefit.' "
THE FREE GRANT LANDS
OF
I^A^RRY SOUND.
I
PARRY SOUND.
About the year 1858, Messrs. J. and W. Gibson erected a saw mill
on the Seguin River, where the Village of Parry Sound now stands.
They continued to manufacture lumber until the year 1863, when they
sold out their interest in said mills unto Messrs. J. and W. Beatty & Co.,
the present owners. When this change in the proprietorship took place
very little interest was taken in this section, it being generally considered
unfit for settlement, and unfit for agricultural purposes ; besides it was
almost completely isolated, as there was no road, and the only way of
reaching it was by sail boat. Up till this time no land had been sur-
veyed ; nor had any ventured to locate there. However, when Messrs.
J. and W. Beatty & Co. took possession, they built a fine steamer called
the " Waubuno," which made weekly trips to and from CoUingwood,
thus mail communication was established and means of ingress and
egress famished. On the recommendation of Messrs. J. and W. Beatty
<fe Co. a road was opened up between Bracebridge and Parry Sound, a
distance of 55 miles; this, together with the enterprize manifested by
the Beattys, gave a stimulus to the settlement of the country. It has
often been asserted that lumberers are opposed to the settlement of the
country, but in this case it was not so ; instead of their discouraging
settlement, they did everything in their power to promote it, and the
result is patent to all, as the district is being rapidly filled by a noble
class of settlers before whose presence the forest is being rapidly cleared.
It is gratifying* to add that since the district has been explored, it has
proved more desirable than was at first anticipated, and it is now filling
up with great rapidity.
8
I! >:
126
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
is?
The Government of Ontario offers as a Free Grant to any actual set-
tler over 18 years of age, on(^ hundred acres of land in thivsJDistrict.
Heads of families get two hundred acres as a Free Grant.
Locatees, in addition to obtaining a Free Grant of 100 acres, will be
allowed to puri,liase an additional 100 acres, at 50 cents an acre, cash.
After years of experience and close observation, I give it as my honest
conviction that a man of limited means, with a large family of'' healthy
children, cannot do better than l)y taking advantage of the Free Grant
Iiands so generously provided, and settling down in the bush ; f(jr while
they have to work hard, they are free from numerous temptations.
*' Here hardy youths soon learn the axe to wiehl,
And drive the steers athwart the trosted fiekl ;
Or pile the firewoo I on the burdened sleigh,
Which bears its needful weight the homeward way.
Here beauteoun maidens, household work within
The homely hut, soon learn to knit and spin —
To beat the chum, or weave the garment \\arm,
While sons and fathers face the bickering storm.
Here mothers nurse the darling babe, and give
A helping hand, that all within may live
In peaceful comfort, and delighted see
The charms of independence yet to he,—
When the fair farm is cleared, and debts discharged,
And the home comforts more and more enlars;ed."
A
SITUATION.
mi
i
The District of Parry Sound is situated on the east shore of the Geor
gian Bay, and is easily reached in summer 1)y tlie Northern Railway
from Toronto to Collingwood, thence via steamer "Waubuno" to Parry
Sound Village, which is the business centre of the District. It is situ-
ated between 80° and 81° west of Greenwich, and Ijetween 45° and 46°
of north latitude.
BOUNDAKIES.
The District is bounded on the south by the Territorial District of
Muskoka ; on the north by French River and Lake Nipissing ; on the
east by the District of Nipissing ; and on the Avest by the Georgian Bay.
EXTENT.
If*
I
The District embraces about forty townships, coAering an area of
2,500 squaid miles ; containing about 1,600,000 acres of land, capable
of furnishing agiicultural homes for at least 100,000 souls.
CLIMATE.
127
CLIMATE.
Some persons imagine that the District must be extremely cold, but
it is not uncomfortably so. The forest affords much protection, and,
situated as it is close to a large body of water, the atmosphere is of a
nice even temperature ; nor will it ever be otherwise, for there are
ridges of rock running through the country which will prevent it from
being entirely cleared, so that the District will not be subject to those
sweeping currents of air which are so frequent in some of the front
townships, and are so trying \ipon the constitution of man. The climate
is exceedingly healthy, and, unless in cases of accident, the services of
the doctor are seldom required. '
Ague is unknown here, and the District is acknowledged to be one of
the most healthy in the world.
Persons who are consumptive will derive much benefit, and, if not too
far gone, will be perfectly cured by a short residence in the place, —
numbersj in the settlement can cheerfully bear testimony to this fact.
Here you have complete summer and perfect winter, and enjoy an at-
mosphere both pure and bracing, which is conducive to the most perfect
health.
AS STATED IN THE IMMIGRATION PAMPHLET.
" No where on earth do the seasons of the year move on in lovelier,
grander procession. In spring, we have a quick awakening of vegetable
life, and nature puts on her best attire, promptly as a bride on her wed-
ding-morn. Our summer is short, but gorgeous Avith splen<lonr, and
bedecked with flowers that can hardly be surpassed ; we have oppressive
heat at times, and occasionally drought, but how do our summer showers
refresn the face of all things ; how welcome is the raiji, and how green
and beautiful are the fields, the gardens, and the woods, Avhen it falls.
In autumn we have the wi.ving fields of grain and tasselled corn ; our
orchards display apples of gold in baskets of silvery verdure, and we can
reckon even the grape among our fruits ; our forests present a lichly-
tinted and many-coloured foliage : we have mid-October days in which
the weather is superb ; our Indian summer is a splendid valedictory to
the season of growth and harvest ; a bright and beautiful hectic flush
sits upon the fa,ce of universal nature as death draws on and we glide
imperceptibly into winter. This, though confessedly severe, is exhilar-
:!ffi'l
128
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
-ating, hardening animal as well as vegetable fibre, wliile it has its
ameliorations and joys in the fire-side warmth that tempers into geniality
the c'ear, frosty air ; we have also the merry jingle and fleet gliding of
the sleigh, aiid the skater's healthful sport, togetlier with almost entire
exemption from damp and mud, two most disagreeable accompaniments
of winter in milder climes. The characteristics of this country are only
begianing to be known abroad, as its resources are only beginning to be
developed at home. It offers inducements rarely suri)assed to industrious,
energetic, prudent settlers. Let it only be thickly settled with a popu-
lation worthy of it, and it will take no mean rank among the countries
of the earth. Sunnier climes there may be, but a fitter habitation for
the development of a manly, vigorous race, it would be difficult to find
in any part of the world."
THE sr-v .
There are some large flats of cla^, but the soil is chiefly of a loamy
nature, easily worked and admirably adapted to the climate.
As to the precise quantity fit for cultivation iii this District, it is im-
possible to say, but having personally examined the land and being in a
position to give a tolerably accurate opinion on the subject, the writer
considers that he is under rather than over the mark, when he states
that there is at least 70 per cent of land fit for agricultural purposes, in
the District, besides, it must be remembered that even the rocky parts
will make excellent pasture, and for stock raising is very valuable.
There is a tract of excellent land£ called t^«e "Oak flats," around
Manatavaba lake, 12 miles north of Parrj-^ -y-^'Tid village, which is
worthy of attention. Already several settlt-s e 'ocated themselves
there, the land is of very superior quality, and i..^ pconery cannot be
suri)assed in beauty.
The land generally, is rolling, and there is very little swamp.
Stock farming would pay here as cattle^thrive well and grass sedd
and clover grow luxuriantly, even where there is little depth of soil
WHAT KIND OF TIilER?
Thii question is often asked by those w..-, want land, and so much
importance is attached to it, that many persons judge of the nature
of the soil by the timber that grows thereon There is great variety
however in this respect, the ridges of rock are chiefly covered with pine,
SCENERY, CROi'S.
12»
.
and some with oak ; the vall^s of good land between the ridges are
principally covered with hardwood. Maple abounds ; elm, basswood,
beech and ironwood are plentiful, with some balsam, hemlock and
scattered pine.
There is considerable white oak around Manatawaba Lake in the
Township of McKellar.
SCENERY.
The scenery is the most picturesque imaginable, the lakes are dotted
with innumerable islands, and for beauty and variety cannot be excelled
in the Province.
CROPS.
During tlie past year the crops have been most productive ; the settlers
have been cheered as well as amply rewarded for their laborious toil.
WHEAT,
The staple of Canada, has been raised here with success ; but it must
be remarked that in a new country where the clearances are small, this
article does not get a fair trial.
OATS
Are a good crop both as regards quality and quantity. On account of
the extensive lumbering operations that are earned on, oats are in great
demand at high prices. The writer has seen a ten-acre field of as good
oats raised here as he ever met with in the " old country."
PEAS
Return a very large yield, and prove a profitable crop to the farmer.
INDIAN CORN
Has been cultivated to advantage, although it is not so sure a crop.
The Indians have grown it for years, and wo have seen some fields per-
fectly matured ; the success, however, is greatly owing to the season.
BARLF.:: AND FALL RYE
Have been tried to profit ; the latter has been very remunerative, and.
is a favorite crop with the settlers.
ROOT CROPS.
These grow to perfection in this District. It is admitted that pota-
■■'■'m
■mi
130
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
f:^^
'^■r^
toes do best on new soil, and it is astonishing the large yield of roots
that may be obtained when properly seen after.
On account of the elevation, and close proximity to the Lake, there is
consequently more moiiture here in summer than in some older town-
ships, the beneficial effects of which are realized by the settlers, for of-
ten they enjoy the most delightful growing weather when farmers out-
ai'^e are suffering from drought.
FRUIT,
So far as it has been tried, has proved successful. Currants and goose-
berries grow to perfection; strawberries, of the choicest quality, have
been raised, and grapes bid fair for profitable cultivation.
ROADS.
Two leading Colonization Roads branch out from the Village of Par-
ry Sound : — " The North Shore Road," going in a northerly direction
towards Sault Ste. Marie; twenty-five miles of this road are already com-
pleted, and it will be built as far as the Magannetewan river during the
present year. '' The Parry Sound Road " takes an easterly course
through the Muskoka District.
Another road called " the Nipissing Road," branches off this one at
Rosseau Junction, twenty-two miles east of Parry Sound village, and
runs in a northerly direction towards Lake Nipissing, At a point on
this road, some Iwenty-five miles north of the Junction, a cross road is
being constructed, running west through the townships of Spence and
McKellar, until it intersects the "North Shore Road," near Arm-
strong's Rapids, sixteen miles north of the Village of Parry Sound,
•where a Post office has been e&tablislied.
PARRY SOUND.
This village is beautifully situated on an inlet of the Georgian Bay,
«nd can boast of one of the best harbours to be found on the North
Shore. Messrs. J. and \V. Beatty & Co., the spirited proprietors, have
exhibited great taste in laying out the streets, and ornamenting the
same with shade trees. From the top of Belvidere you command a
delightful view of the bay, dotted with numerous islands ; and we may
truly say that " Parry Sound, as a summer retreat, can rarely be beat,"
f or the beauty of its scenery, the healthfulness of its climate, and the
jsport which it affords, will make it always attractive to the admirers of
VILLAGE OF PARRY SOUND.
131
nature, A year ago the District of Parry Sound was formed into a ter-
ritorial district, for tlie more ready and convenient administration of
justice, and for the registration of deeds and instruments relating to
lands of the Province. Consequently a court house is being erected,
with registry office and jail, and Mr. J. W. Rose has been appointed
stipendiary magistrate. There is a large wholesale and retail store kept
by Messrs. J. and W. Beatty & Co. A magnificent saw-mill and grist-
mill, owned by the same company ; a temperance hotel, bearding house,
bakery, butcher's-shop, tinware and stove depot, and drug store, black-
smith shop, post and money order office, school, public library, W«sley-
an Church, with resident Wesleyan minister, Church of England min-
ister, and Presbyterian missionary.
At Parry Sound the religious interests of the inhabitants have been
well looked after by the spirited proprietors of the place, Messrs. J. and
W. Beatty & Co. Here the Wesleyans have a neat church, and preach-
ing twice every Sabbath, together with a prosperous Sabbath School,
with Mr. Wm. Beatty, M.P.P., for the superintendent. The Episcopal
Church and the Canada Presbyterians have each a missionary stationed
at this point.
The following is from the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Report : —
"In presenting the first Annual Report of the Parry Sound Mission, we
desire to record our gratitu e to Almighty God, first, for the opening
of so wide a door for the triumphs of the Gospel; and, secondly, for the
power He has given His Church to enter and present with success the
great truths of salvation.
"Five years ago Parry Sound was known only as the hunting ground of
the Indians ; it is now a thriving village in the very heart of the 'Free
Grant Districts.' Immediately after the selection of this place by the
Messrs. J. ■ v W. Beatty (worthy Wesleyans), for the location of their
large lumbering establishments, a tide of immigration at once set in,
and for the accommodation of their workmen, and the incoming settlers,
as also for the establishing of our beloved Methodism, Mr. Wm. BeaJ,ty,
the resident partner, erected forthwith, at his own expense, a neat and
commodious Wesleyan Methodist Church, deeded it to the conference,
free and unincumbered, and for four years, with the assistance of one
or two other brethren, he has conducted public religious service twice
every Sabbath, led a class meeting at the close of the morning service,
and superintended a flourishhig Sabbath school in the afternoon, and rc-
•' m
i>[
■\ \l
t.
II
132
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
gtilarly sustained also a week-night prayer-meeting ; thus from the firsts
lill the means of grace peculiar to our Church have been establish'^cl and
conducted with vigor and success. At the last ConfcenBe, however, th^-
work having grown to such dimensions, it was found impossible any
longer to carry it on efficiently Avithout the appointment of an ordained
minister ; accordingly application was made to the Missionary Committee,,
and the request was granted; and in the 'Minutes' of 18G9, Parry
Sound appears for the first time as a regular Conference appointment.
During the year, five outside appointments have been established, be-
sides occasional preaching through the settlement. Wherever practica-
ble, societies have been formed, and the entire work placed on a connex-
ional basis. At one of th?se preaching places a log Church, respectable
and neat, has already been built, and arrangements have be(;n made for
the speedy erection of two more in other parts of the circuit. With
characterized promptness, the Quarterly Board have also undertaken to
provide a large and comfortable parsonage for their minister. The
building has been commenced, and with the blessing of God upon the
Avork, will ready for occupancy by about the middle of August.
''C. A. Hanson."
T'he residents of the District are noted for their intelligence and high
moral character, and represent most of the religious denominations and
different nationalities.
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES.
AVater privileges are numerous both in the Village of Parry Sound
and throughout the District. There is a splendid opening in the village
for a foundry. Stoves, ploughs, and farm implements are in great de-
mand, and the raw material can be laid down here as cheap as in the
city of Toront*. Wood, suitable for'furniture, is plentiful, and a fac-
tory would be remunerative.
i
* NEW TERPJTORIAL DISTRICT
At the last session of the Provincial Parliament, an Act was passed to
provide for the organization of the Territorial District of Parry Sounds
and for the more ready and convenient administration of justice, for the-
registration of <leeds and instruments relating to lands in that part of
this Province, which will be a great convenience to the settlers. This^
WHO WILL SUCCEED, ETC.
133
Act furnishes m*iiy of the advantages of an independent provisional
county, givin<if both judicial and registration facilities within the Pis-
trict.
Persons arriving in the District now have many advantages over the
first settlers. Everything that is required by those settling down on
bush farms can l)e obtained on tlie most reasonable terms at tho village
of Parry Sound. Hence parties unacquainted with the requirements of
the country will do well to reserve their funds' until they fix upon a lo-
cation, and l«arn what articles are absolutely wanted, before making
their purchases.
WHO AVILL SUCCEED ?
Men who have been accustomed to labor. Say, those persons who
have lived on rented forms in tho old country and who possess sufficient
means to carry them through until they are able to raise crops capable
of supporting their families — such men are certahx to succeed. A strong
hardy class of men possessing courage and perseverance, with constitu-
tions capable of endurance, assisted by a little means, are sure to get
along -well in this country, and in a few years to become independent.
The man who comes to take up wild land, having no mean's to start
Avith, has a poor chance. A married man cannot expect to succeed un-
less he possess at least two hundred dollars at the commencement.
Of course such persons may hire oiit and get employment at the
lumber shanties or on the Koads, but, while doing so their farms will
be neglected.
Some persons have entered the settlement without means and have
succeeded well, but at the first they experienced many hardships.
ADVICE TO NEW COMERS.
The new settler on his arrival in the District, should make a thorough
examination of the land before locating himself There is abundance
to select from, and if you do not get a good- lot it is your own fault.
See that you make a wise choice. Remember it is for life, and your
success, or otherwise, to a great extent depends upon the wisdom of this
initiatory step.
FISHING.
The Angler can satiate his passion for this innocent sport by follow-
II
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, 1
134
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
ing his amusement at some of the numerous Lakes and Rivers through-
out this District, which are now noted for the exuberance of speckled
trout and other specimens of the finny tribe with which they abound.
TOWNSHIP OF McKELLAR.
The Township of McKellar abounds with the purest limestone, and is
pronounced one of the best that has yet been surveyed in this whole
northern section. I have conversed with parties who have explored
the entire country from Parry 8ound to Lake Nipissing, and they all
confirm what I have before asserted, that there is about seventy per
cent, of good land in the District. It is important that new townships
be at once surveyed, and thrown open to settlers. Already numbers
have squatted down upon the unsurveyed lands in Hageraian and else-
where. One very pleasing feature in connection with this District is the
superior manner in which the roads have been made. The bridges are
very substantial, and are protected by side railings ; while the crossways
and bridges are two feet wider than in most places. This, I am told, is
entirely :lue to Mr. Wm. Beatty, M.P.P., who had the roads built in this
improved way. I cannot conclude without stating that I was much im-
pressed with the chai'acter of the inhabitants of Parry Sound and sur-
rounding country. They are orderly, industrious and intelligent ; they
are respectable in their appearance, tasteful in their dress ; their houses
xire clean, and their gardens would be a credit to any city in the Pro-
vince. Flowers and vegetables flourish here most luxuriantly, in pro-
ducing these articles, while both the climate, the soil, and the situation
seem most favourable to their culture. I partook of some of the largest
And best gooseberries I have seen since I left Auld Scotia.
The Globe of the 22nd September, 1869, contains the following:
" It may not be out of place to draw these notes to a conclusion with
n word or two about the inhabitants of Muskoka and Parry Sound, and
the land they live in. The most striking characteristic of these people
" is the remarkable spirit of contentment which generally prevails among
them, and the readiness and vigor with which they repudiate any in-
sinuations against their District. We came into contact with hundreds
of them, and there was not one of them that did not stand up for Mus-
koka as energetically as an Irishman or an Englishman would maintain
the glory of ould Ireland or merry England."
14
EXCURSION OF PAILWAY OFFICIALS TO MUSKOKA.
135
I
A REMINISCENCE.
Depitation of Officials of the Nirrthtni Railway of Canada to Muskoka and
Parry Sound.
In response to the invitation given, a short time since, by the Reevo
of Muskoka to the Managing Director of the above road, a large and
influential deputation of the officials of the N. R. Co., with other promi-
nent men, arrived on the evening of the Gth Sept., 18G9, by the steamer
'* Wenonah," at Bracebridge the business centre of the Muskoka District.
Although the weather was unfavourable, the attendance was large and
respectable. The Reeves and leading men turned out well, and erinced
a deep interest in railway extension.
The party consisted of the Hon. J. B. Robinson, Presidont ; F.
Cumberland, M.P.P., Managing Director ; Mayor S. B. Harman ; Alder-
man Baxter; Alderman Dickey; D. Crawford, Esq.; C. W. Moberly,
Chief Engineer; Hon. Col. Grey, M.P., New Brunswick; A. P. Dodge*
Esq., New York ; R. J. Reekie, Esq., Montreal; Crpt. May, Bell Ewart ;
the Toronto press was also ably represented.
On the 7th a public dinner was given to the deputation at Graven-
hurst, at which A. J. Alport, Esq., J. P., Reeve of Muskoka, presided.
It was got up in excellent style, and reflected great credit upon the
spirited proprietor, Mr. B. Fuller. A public meeting was also held,
when able and interesting speeches were delivered by the President,
Managing Director, Col. Grey and others. The remarks made indicated
a willingness on the part of the Company to deal liberally with th©
people of these new districts, and if the settlers will only do their part,
the Northern Railway Company will meet them as far as possible in
these matters.
On the 8tli the party left the Village of Gravenhurst by steamer
"Wenonah," and proceeded to the Indian Village at Port Carling.
After a sail on Joseph River, they partook of luncheon on one of the
beautiful islands, after which they started in the steamer "Wabamik"
to Nipissing Junction at the head of Lake Rosseau, where they arrived
safe and sound after many adventuries by the way, and found a home
for the night at Mr. Irwin's Hotel, where the host and hostess gave them
every attention. Here they were met by Mr. William Beatty, M.P.P. A
very pleasant night was spent, and it is due to Alderman Baxter to state
that he contributed greatly to the hilarity of the occasion.
13C
FREE (SIIANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
ri
On the morning of the 9th the party left in four conveyances, wliich
had been provided by Mr. Beatty, and proceeded to Parry Sound. The
weather was all that could be desired. The sun shone brightly — adorned
the face of nature, and at 4 o'clock in the afternoon they arrived, and
were greeted witli a hearty welcome by the inhabitants, who took (juito
an interest in the reception. The Village looked quite gay, with flags
flying at the custom house, post office, mill, hotel and other places, Avhile
the steamers and sailing vessels in port vied with each other as to wliich
would make the grandest show. The steam pleasure yacht "Mittie
Grew," owned by A. J. P. Dodge, Esq., was tastefully decorated with
flagij and streamers representing the different nations. Tiie stars and
fitripes waving in the breeze side by side with the glorious old union jack.
Tlie " Wave," owned by Messrs. J. and W. Beatty & Co., was also in
gala attire, having been furnished with a complete set of new flags for
the occasion.
After luncheon at the Seguin House, the party were sliown the-
principal places of interest in the village, among which were "the Mills,
printing establishment of the Narthern Advocate, Belvidere and the Camp
Ground. Teams were then in readiness, and the party had a pleasant
drive up the North Shore Road, where they had a delightful view
of Mill Lake, and the Cascades on the Seguin Iliver. On their return^
dinner was announced, to which the party with others sat down, and
partook of one of the best dinners that could be provided in Ontario.
The bill of fare was sumptuous, and the table elegantly decked with
heautifnl flowers. Great praise is due to Mr. and Mrs. Blair, of the-
Seguin House, for the manner in which dinner was served up, both a»
regards the variety brought forward and the style in which everyiliing
was prepared. Mr. Wm. Beatty, M.P.P., filled the chair with his usual
ability, and all went merry as a marriage bell. After ample justice
had been done to the good things so liberally provided, a beautiful sup-
ply of pure cold water was freely furnished, and the Chairman rose and
said, *' gentlemen, fill your glasses ;" he then gave the first toast, "The
Queen and all the members of the Royal Family," which was drank
with all honors. Song — " God save the Queen," led by Alderman
Baxter.
«* The Governor and Lieut. Governors of the Dominion," came next,
and was drank witli enthusiasm.
ill
te
S«
M I
1 I
KXCUIISIUN OF RAILWAY OFFICIALS TO MUHKOKA.
137
The tliird tost was " Tho Army and Navy," to wlikh Aldermon Bax-
ter and Dickry, replied.
A good deal of merriment was caused l>y tho skirmishing of those two
gentlemen, and for once we fear, the former got slightly wounded.
"The Dominion Parliament," was responded to by Col. Grey, M. P.,
of New Brunswick, in a very able and racy speech, he said ho came to
examine tho country and to make the acquaintance of tho Canadian peo-
ple, and being a member of tho Dominjori Parliament, he considered it
nothing more than his duty to do so. He expressed that he had been
most agreeably surprised ; that the country was much better than he ex-
pected, and he considered it capable of great fertility ; as regards tho
roads, he thought that the less he said about them tho better. .
The Colonel anticipates gre.at things for Parry Sound, and expects
that it will become a town of importance before ten years.
" The Local Legislature," was replied to in a very neat and eloquent
address by the efficient Managing Director of the Northern Railway, F.
Cumberland, Esq., M. P. P.
" The Mayor and Corporation of the City of Toronto," was the next
given, and heartily responded to by S. B. Harman, Mayor, who, in re-
plying, stated that the scenery through which he passed was mo.«t ro-
mantic, the lakes and rivers extremely beautiful, and that pleasantry
and good humour had characterized the whole trip.
He spoke strongly in favor of Eailway extensions, and his address
was graceful and practical. The mayor has made many friends by tliis
trip. We congratulate the City of Toronto on having so popular a re-
presentative.
*' Success to the Northern Railway." The Hon. Jno. B. Robinson
replied in a practical speech, noted for the strong, good common sense
views which he expressed, and the information which he conveyed.
" North Shore Development." A. G. P. Dodge, Esq., replied to this
toast in a speech which gave evidence of high moral training, ad-
vanced mental culture and deep research. His allusions to the " Pil-
grim Fathers" was most touching. His statements that the North
• Shore of the Georgian Bay is rich in iron ore and other minerals, is
valuable, and the development of this North Territory is only a matter
of time. Although Mr. Dodge is an American, and the son of the dis-
tinguished American Philanthropist, the Hon. W. E. Dodge, of New-
York, yet he is no annexationist, hear him, — " I am no annexationist.
138
FHKE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
I beliovtj in iiulividuality, I want to see a Hi)irit of emulation iK-twoen
the two great nations, and to be ever united in those two great bonds^
Friendship and Commerce."
P. S. Cfibson. Esq., P.L.S., of Willowdale being present, was called
upon by the chairman to make a few remarks, and we consider that his
address was one of the aldest that was delivered during the evening, his
remarks were practical and pointed. In alhidiiiji to the roads he said
that we were not to be Icjoked upon as beggars Avhen we asked for a
grant of money to build and repair roads ; that we only asked back a
part of what the Government hail already received for the timber which
they had sold. He also advocated the opening up of crosa roads in ad-
dition to main leading roads.
" The Press," — This toast was replied to by Mr. Cunningham, of the
Globe who will give his views upon the country in letters which will ap-
l)ear in that j)aper to which we intend to refer o\\ some future occasion.
The Editor of the Northern Advocate also replied, giving a sliort history
of the Muskoka strict, and in the name of the people, gave the guests
to understand 1 hould they see fit to return again we would give
them a hearty welcome, and try to keep the friendship that had been
formed, as pure as the clear water in which it had been drank.
The last toast, " Success to the firm of Messrs. J. and W. Beatty &
Co.," was proposed by the Mayor of Toronto. Mr. W. Beatty, M.P.P.,
rose, and, in a very feeling and eloquent address, thanked the gentle-
men present for the hearty way in which the toast had been responded
to. He said that some of the happiest years of his life had been spent
in the Sound ; that he loved to mark the progress that was going on in
a new settlement , that much oi' the praise that had been ascribed to
him tvas due to the Northern Railway Company ; that only for it he
would not have invested here.
After " Auld Lang Syne" and "God Save the Queen" were sung, the
company broke up, at the wee hour beyond the twelve. In referring to
the bad state of the roads, several of the speakers expressed their deep
regret that the Hon. S. Richards, Commissioner of Crown Lands, was
not with them.
On the morning of the 10th, the party went out in the steamers " Mit-
tie Grew" and "Wave" for a delightful sail among the islands of the
bay. The sky was clear, and the reflection most perfect, and all enjoy-
ed the trip amazingly. Tne steamer "Waubuno" having arrived, the
.
i i
TIfK UOUTE, nVNO INLET, M DOUG ALL.
139
party w^nt off to Byiig Inlet. As the stoamer left tiie wharf, throe
hearty cheers were given to the deputation as they moved out of sight.
THE KOUTK.
Parties wishing to settle on the Free Grants in the Parry Sound ter-
ritory, may proceed by either of the following routes : —
1st. From Toronto to Barrio or Bell Ewartl)y the Northern Railway ;
from thence to th(5 River Severn by steam»r ; from the River Severn to
Gravenhurst, on Lake Muskoka, by stage; from Gravenhurst to Brace-
bridge by steamer, or by the Muskoka Road ; and from Bracebridge to
the respective townships by the Muskoka, Peterson and Parry Sojind
Roads. In winter the communication Avith Bracebridge and Parry Sound
is by stage from Barrie. A company is now formed to construct a rail-
way to connect with the Northern, from Barrie to the Mu.skoka District.
The office of C. W. Lount, Esq., Crown Lands Agent for the Town.ships
of Watt, Stephenson, Brunei, Macaulay, McLean, Muskoka and Draper,
is at Bracebridge in the Township of Macaulay.
2nd. To Collingwood from Toronto by the Northern Railway ; from
CoUingwood to Parry Sound by steamer, once a week, every Saturday
morning, during the summer months ; and from Parry Sound to the
respective townships by the Great Northern, Parry Sound, and Nipissing
Colonuition Roads. A stage runs from Parry Sound to Lake Rosseau,
connecting with the steamer. The office of John D. Beatty, Esq., Crown
Lands Agent for the Townships of McDougall, Foley, Humphrey and
Cardwell, is at Parry Sound.
BYNG INLET,
The seat of the extensive lumbering operations of Messrs. Dodge & Co.,
and Messrs. Clarke, White & Co., is situated on the Maganetawa
River. A very large amount of capital has been expended here, and
considerable improvements have been made of a very substantial nature.
The following extracts from the Surveyor's Reports will give the
reader a good idea of the district.
McDOUGALL.
Is situated in the county of Simcoe. It is bounded on the north by
unsurveyed territory, on the east by unsurveyed territory, on the south
by the township of Foley, and on the west by the Georgian Bay.
11
140
FREE Gil ANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
This township contains an area of about 70,000 .acres, of whicli
43,864 acres (water and roads inchided) were subdivided in 1866, by-
Provincial Land Surveyor, J. L. P. O'Hanly.
The following is an extract from !Mr. O'Hanly's report of survey : —
** This townsliip has considerable diversity of surface and soil. Tlie
surface is generally flat, having few elevations 100 feet above the level
of Georgian Bay. Yet it is much broken both by hills and lakes. The
hills for the most part are abrupt and precipitous, falling and rising by
steps like a terrace, gradual slopes being rare. The land in many places
is of the worst kind, being almost destitute of mould or verdure, while
in other parts it is well adapted for settlement.
" On the accompanying trace I — by different colors, in a general way
— indicated the land fit for settlement, as well as the bad land. Not
that I would be understood to mean that no part of that shewn bad is
fit for settlement. I have no doubt but small patches here and there
will be found intermixed with it of a very fair quality, and so of tlie
other, as soiiie spots will be fouiid in it very inferior. But for a general
and comprehensive classification I think it may be relied on as pretty
accurate, indeed as correct as it is possible to do it without a special in-
spection.
" The timber consists of birch, maple, pine, hemlock, beech, balsam,
ironwood, oak, cedar, basswood, spruce, tamarac, ash, elm, poplar and
birch. This is the order of predominancy. There is a great deal of
white pine, but much scattered and therefore very difficult to fix its
limits, except along the valleys of streams and the margins of lakes, and
Parry Sound. Along the latter there is much of inferior quality and
stunted growth. It is nowhere to be met with in gi-ces, and not often
in clumps, yet there is scarcely a spot without it ; and tlie country,
viewed at a distance, would be probably considered as a vast pinery.
Red pine is entirely unknown.
FOLEY
re
Is situated in the County of Simcoe. It is bounded on the north by
the Township of McDougall, on the east, south and west by unsurveyed
land, the north-west corner of the township touching on Parry Sound,
It was surveyed ^n 1866 by Provincial Land Surveyor George A.
Stewart, and contains ant area of 42,497 acres, including water and
roads.
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY.
141
The following is an extract from Mr. Stewart's report of survey : —
" The Parry Sound Colonization Koad passes diagonally through the
township from south-east to north-west, thus facilitating in the best
possible manner the settlement of the township. This road, through
Foley, is of a very superior quality, and will compare most favourably
with auy of the colonization roads with which 1 am acquainted, and
reflects great credit on the parties employed in its construction.
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY.
" A large proportion of this town.ship is occupied by water, a char-
acteristic common to this portion of the Province. The lakes through-
out this township are generally very irregular in outline, presenting bold
rocky shores and great depth of water. An examination of the map
will shew the position and extent of these lakes. It will be observed
that towards the westerji part of the township they become more
numerous and iiTegular as we approach the Georgian Bay. These lakes
present scenery of singular beauty and variety, and possess many attrac-
■ tions to the sportsman and tourist.
" The hills throughout the townsliip are generally rugged and rocky,
presenting in some cases impassable barriers.
" The rivers are of small dimensions, connecting the several lakes.
The principal river, after passing through several lakes, continues its
course westerly along the tenth concession, and empties into Parry
Sound near the western boundary of the township. It has several falls
in its course which might be made available for manufacturing purposes.
The position of these tails is indicated on the plan and field notes.
" A lake of some magnitude occupies a considerable portion of the
centre of the township. It is named by the Indians Nig-ga-go-bing.
" Land of excellent quality will be found in several places along the
souihern boundary, particularly from lot number on to numljer eight,
and from fourteen westward to lot twenty-four. Towards the western
end of this boundary the land becomes rougher and more broken, although
still containing small patches of good land. At the south-west angle of
the township a very extensive marsh occurs, which rendered it difficult
to continue the survey to that corner.
" This township is principally watered by the River Seguin, which
enters it from the east by two branches, the northern at lot No. 1, in
the 8th concession, flows southerly a distance of about five miles ; and
9
!1
142
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARilY SOUND.
' t ^1
tlie southern branch at lot No. 1, in the 4th concession, flows westerly
u distance of three and a half miles; uniting at lot No. 11, in the 5th
concession, flows westerly a distance of three miles, makes an acute angle
with its last course, flowing south-easterly enters Mill Lake at two miles,
then forming the outlet of Mill Lake flows south-westerly one and a half
miles into Parxy Sound.
" At its mouth is situated the nucleus of the town of Parry Sound,
and lumbering establishment of Messrs. J. &, "W. Boatty & Co. There
is a church, a post and customs offices, a hotel, and two stores and
several mechanics. There are about 20 houses, principally occupied by
the employees of Messrs. Beatty (^ Co.
" Between the village and foot of Mill Lake there are three rapids, to
obviate which there is a very fair portage road. At the foot of Mill
Lake there is a fine water privilege, and an excellent site for a mill, (^n
which the Messrs. Beatty have erected a dam and made other improve,
ments to facilitate the descent of saw-logs and husband the spring's
flood for the summer's consumption, of which Mill Lake is the reservoir.
This chute is about 18 feet high.
" Mill Lake, the largest inland lake in the township, is very picturesque
with its deep bays, bold bluflfs and pretty islands. From Mill Lake to
the forks there is very little obstruction to the navigation, except in the
dry season that it becomes very shallow and unsafe for bark canoes.
*' From the forks, for about two miles, the north branch is composed
of a series of rapids and cataracts, alternating with small basiu.. of still
water. The navigation here Is wholly impracticable. The scenery is
extremely wild and romantic. There are many water privileges which
are not likely to be useful within a reasonable time, and tlicr^fore, for
the present at least, absolutely worthless. To obviate this there is a
canoe route by Trout Lake, and two smaller ones, and entering the
north branch at the head of these rapids. From this to the eastern
boundary, the river may be called three narrow, shallow lakes divided
by three short rapids, where it crosses at the foot of the chutes from
Manatawaba Lake.
" The south branch, from the forks to the eastern boundary, has but
but one small rapid, but nearly the whole way it is srt'ift and shallow.
This stream, as far as I have seen it, is well adapted for the descent of
saw-logs and timber.
" There are primarily two conditions essential to the success of a new
set
act
ne
ha
di*
w
Wil
at
HUMPHREY.
143
settlement. The first is good laiul, and the second cheap and expeditious
access to markets or centres of trade ; Avithout both these conditions
new settlements cannot flourisli, and it is unfortunate they seldom go
hand in hand. The former to raise abundant crops, and the latter to
dispose of them at remunerative prices. I have seen new settlements,
where the land was of good quality, in a very languishing condition for
want of the other. For without competition the redundant crop is sold
at a sacrifice, whilst purchasable necessaries are exorbitantly high.
" Though this township has not the first condition in a pre-eminent
degree, yet it has a good deal of land well calculated to recompense
industrious labour, and has very superior advantages in the second con-
dition, as a steamer weekly plies between Parry Sound and Colling-
wood, and thence by rail to Toronto ; so that Parry Sound, in the sum-
mnr season, is in direct communication with all the civilized world.
Besides the route is both cheap and expeditious, leaving Parry Sound
in the morning and reaching Toronto in the evening ; abou* 'SO miles
for $4.85 cents.
*' Such facilities of communication are of vast advantage U< -^ settler,
and caniHit fail to give a great impetus to the speedy and succ<' sfu!
settlemt'iit of this section of the new country, a progress, without which,
it .(uld not make in another quarter of a century."
HI MPHREY '
Is bounded on e north h unsur\eyed land, on the east by tlx- Township
of Cardwell, on the south by Likes Rosseau ami Joseph and unsurveyed
land, and on the west "v unsurveyed laud.
This township wa sub-divided during 18G6 and 18G7 by Provincial
Laud Sui*veyor Gibbs, and contains an area of 49,590 acres, including
water and roads.
The following is an ict from Mr. Gibbs' Report of Survey ; —
" The Township of Humphrey embraces an area of 49,59G acres, about
12,496 acres lying under the waters of Lakes Rossean, Joseph and
sundry others of less size. The two first-named extend across a con-
siderable portion of the south part of the township, iind are, in great
part, environed by hilly banks, with here and there high and precipitous
rocks of gneiss, syenite and othei-s of granitic and quartzos(i character,
which kinds prevail pretty generally throughout the adjacent country.
" The suiface; although a good deal broken in this manner, is finely
1
144
FREE GRANT LANDS OF PARRY SOUND.
diversified, with rolling hills and land more .slightly undulating, covered
with a growth of heavy timber, consisting of mai)le, beecli, birch, bass
ii-onwood, hemlock, white pine and other kinds common to this section cf
co\intry ; also tamarac, balsam, spruce, cedar, black ash, and alder swamps ;
beaver meadows, with an exuberant growth of grass (the "blue joint ")y
cranberry marshes, and some poi'tions too rocky for cultivation; the
whole interspersed with lakes and small streams, in the gi-eater number
of which flows clear and limpid water.
" The streams, being inconsiderable in size, do not afford many per-
manent privileges for machineiy ; but the falls situated on both sides of
the north boundary of concession B, upon Oak Creek, wliieh is the largest
stream in the township, I have no doubt will be /bund a great convenience
for mill purposes to the settlei-s. Skiffs and canoes have access for up-
wards of about two miles from the nioxith of the creek, at low water ;
and it coidd be made available for driving ])ine logs and timberj several
miles from Lake Rosseau, in the spring of the year.
" The lakes and streams abound with fish, in variety, as salmon and
speckled trout, white-fish, pickerel, bass, perch, suckers, &c. ; and there is
ample scope for the sportsman along their banks and in the adjacent
woods in jjursuit of game ; deer, rabbits and partridge are especially
plentiful. In the forest the bear, the wolf and the fox are frequently
met ; and furred animals, such as the beaver, mink and musk rat, although
long soiight after by the Indian ti*apper, are yet to be found.
" A portion of the tract of high land situate between the north-westerly
bays of Lake Rosseau and Lake Joseph, together with a strip of land ex-
tending along the easterly boundary line northwaixl from the PaiTy
Sound road, and along the north boundary next the noi-th-east angle of
the toAvnship, compi-ising about 8,000 acres, being much broken with rock,
affords little inducement for settlement ; but, after making this deduc-
tion, I believe the township generally contains moi'o good land ti.. " most
others recently surveyed, with which I am acquainted. Tlu rich loamy
soil of the higher land, not rocky, is well suited for agriculture, and will
doubtless produce excellent crops of the different kinds of roots and
cereals adapted to the climate, and the low lands produce most luxuriant
grass — a great advantage to the early settler in feeding and raising stock.
** During the past season, peas, cats, Indian corn, potatoes, turnips,
tobacco, melons and sundry productions, were cultivated by tlie few
settlers present, with much success.
far
of
rot)
the
sefi
ROAD BETWEEN SPANISH RIVER AND PARRY SOUND. 14 J
" Since I left the township I have been informed that several respectable
families have moved in ; and I believe that, with the increased facilities
of access, by the opening of the Pairy Sound road and the Nipissing
road line, together with the Mnskoka Lake steam navigation, through
the enterprise of A. P. Cockburn, of Gravenimrst, during the past
season, it will be speedily settled."
EXPLORATION LINE BETWEEN SPANISH RIVER AND
PARRY SOUND.
The following is an extract from Provincial Land Surveyor Fitzgerald'*
repoi-t of survey of exploration line for a road between Spanish River
on the north shore of Lake Huron, and Pai-ry Sound on the east shore
of Georgian Bay, in the year 18G5 : — ■
*' From the Maganatewau, south to Parry Sound, are several hardwood
tracts of land, though a portion of the country has a partially broken
surface. On the whole, I consider this tract capable of affording fully
GO to 75 per cent, of arable land. It is covered in places with exceed-
ingly fine beech and maple, Avhile other })urts yield a fair gi-owth of pine,
hemlock, ^t'c, and if opened up for settlement, and proper facilities held
forth, would in a short time become a thriving locality.
" At Parry Sound the nucleus of a promising village has already
been established. A magnificent saw-mill, owned by the Messrs. Beatty,
is now in constant operation, and aftbrds employment to a number of men.
'' Though perhaps not niui6 ti.an one-half to two-thirds of this territoiy
is actually fit for settlement, yet, in view of the immense quantity of
vahiable pine timber, of the undoubted mineial wealth yet undiscovei-ed
in this region, of the many important fisliing stations along the nort^"
shore, of the construction of a canal via the French River, and above idl,
being our only land connection with the Great North-West Tenitoiy,
the subject of annexing which to Canada at present occupies so large a
share of the piiblic mind. Yet I say, in view of these considerations,
the country will doubtless, ere long, l)ecomr he scene of active and
energetic occupations, and form the home of many a happy and prosper-
ous settler."
ONTARIO.
Ontario is the largest and wealthiest Provi)xce of the Dominion of
Canada. It comi)rises forty-three fine largo countic", and four new
I
14G
FREE GRANT LA.NDS OF PARRY SOUND.
judicial <listricts, viz : the Algoma, Nipissing, Muskoka a«,l Parry
^ound. There is but one Legishitive Chamber in this Province, tlie
House of Assembly, composed of eighty two members, elected by tlxe
people for four years. Population of the Province, nearly 2 000 000 •
of tjie capital, the City of Toronto, about 00,000. ' ' '
LIEUT.-GOVERNOR : HOX. W. P. HOAVLAXD, C B
ExEc-uTivE Council: Hox. J. S. ^Iacdonald, Premier and Attorney"
Ixeneral. *^
Hon. S. Pichards, Commissioner of Crown Lands.
Hon. John Carling, Commissioner of Public Works and Agriculture.
Hon. M. C. Cameron, Provincial Secretary and Registrar.
Hon. E. B. Wood, Provincial Treasurer.
PUBLIC OFFICERS FOR MUSKOKA DISTRICT.
Stipendiary Magistrate-C. W. Lount, barrister, Bracebridc^e.
Recjistrar— C. W. Lount, barrister, Bracebridge.
Crown Lands Agent- C. W. Lount, barrister, Bracebridge.
District Seat-- Village of Bracebridge.
PUBLIC OFFICERS FOR PARRY SOUND DISTRICT.
Stipendiary Magistrate~J. W. Rose, Parry Sound.
Registrar-J. W. Rose, Parry Sound.
Crowv Lands Agent- John D. Beatty, Pany Sound.
DOMINION OF CANADA.
BMI&RA.TIO]Sr
. TO THE
PiOVIiOE OF iiTAili
'•
To Capitalists, Tenant Farmers, Agricultural Labourers, Mechanics, Piy
Labourers, and all parties desirous of Improving- their
Circumstances by Emigrating to a New Country.
The attention of intending Emigrants i.s invited to the great advantages presented
by the Province of Ontario. Persons living on the Interest of their Money can easily
get EIGHT PER CENT, on first-class security.
TENANT FARMERS WITH LIMITED CAPITAL,
( !an Iniy and stock a Freehohl Estate with the money needed to carry on a small farm
in Britain. CJood Cleared land, with a Dwelling and good Barn and out-houses upon
it, can be purchased in desiral)le h>calities, at from t'4 to £10 sterling per acre.
Farm bands can readily obtain work at GDOI) WAGES.
Among the inducements offered to intending Emigrants, by (government, is
A FREE GRANT OF LAND!
WITHOUT ANY CHARGE WHATEVER.
Every Head of a Family can obtain, on condition of settlement, a Free Grant of
TWO HUNDRED ACRES of Land for himself, and ONE HUNDRED ACRES
additional for each member of his family, male or female, over eighteen years of age.
All persons over Eighteen years of age can obtain a Free (rrant of ()NE HUN-
DRED ACRES.
The Free Grants are protected by a Homestead Exemption Act, and are not lial)le
to seizure for any debt incurred before the issue of the patent, or for twenty years
after its issue. They are within easy .-cess of the front settlements, and are supplied
with regular i)ostal communication.
i^EO-iSTEPis OF THE XjA.BOTm i^j^tijs::e:t
A.nd of Improved Farms for sale, are kept at the Immigration Agencies in the Province,
and an-angements are made for directing emigrants to those points where employment
can be most readily obtained. Several new lines of Railway and other Public Works
are in course of construction, or about being commenced, which will afford employment
to an almost unlimited number of labourers.
Persons dasiring fuller information respecting the Province of Ontario
Are invited to apply personally, or by letter, to the Canadian Government Emigration
Agents in Europe, viz: WM. T^TYr^^r 11 a.i„,« «*w,„* a.i„i..i.: t__j _ i^r ,■.
J. G. MOYLAN, ~
and E. SIMAYS,
Also to the Immigration Agents in Canada, viz :— JOHN A. DONALDSON,
Toronto; R. H. RAE, Hamilton; WM. J. WILLS, Ottawa ; JAS. MACPHERSON,
Kingston; L. STAFFORD, Quebec; J. J. DALEY, Montreal ; E. CLAY, Halifax,
Nova Scotia ; ROBT. SHIVES, St. John, and J. G. G. LAYTON, Miramichi, New
Brunswick,— from whom pamphlets, issued under the authority of the Government of
Ontario, containing full particulars in relation to character and resources of, and the
cost of living, wages, &c. , in the Province, can be obtained.
I'l"/ I'cjooiittiijf, ui u_y icoo<ri, uu tiic vjaiiat.(iuii uruvei luiieuu XlimigraClOn
pe, viz : WM. DIXON, 11 Adam Street, Adelphi, London, W. C. ;
S", Dublin; CHARLES FOY, Belfast; DAVID SHAW, Glasgow;
S, Continental Agent at Antwerp.
Departmknt of IM-MIORATION
Toronto, March, 1871.
JOHN CARLINO,
Commissioner of Arjriculture and Public Work
for the Province of Ontario
Iv
Ml, I
i
It
SORTHERN RAILWAY
OF CANADA.
IN CONNECTION WITH THE
FREE GRANT DISTRICTS
OP
PARKY SOUND AND MUSKOKA.
Land
II
18
of
A ftinuly of
'iveii away to ail comers over lo years
several persons can secure a large block of land gratis.
The (Government of Ontario offers as a Free Grant to any actual settler
over 18 years of age, One Hundred Acres of Land in the Free Grant
Districts.
Heads of Families get Two Hundred Acies as a Free Grant.
Locatees, in addition to obtaining the Free Grant of 1 00 aci-es, will be
allowed to purchase an additional 100 aci-es at !>0 cents an acre, cash.
TRAINS MOVING NORTH
Leave the Company's Stations, ( *ity IlaU" and foot of Ei-ock Street,
Toronto, as follows
A.M.
p. M.
4.00
4.15
S3. 75.
City Hall ; 7.00
Brock Street 7.15
Fare from Toronto to Bracebridge, ....
ao3s^l^TEOTIOls^s.
Bell Ewart — With Steamer Emiljj May, leaving Bell Ewart every
morning, on arrival of Mail Train from Toronto, for Beaverton, Orillia
and intermediate ports on Lake Simcoe, connecting with steamer for
Washago : also stage for Gravenhurst, and steamer Wenonah for Brace-
bridge and poi'ts on Lake Muskoka, and steamer Wabamik for poi'ts on
Lake Rosseau. With steamer Simcoe, leaving Bell Ewart every evening
on arrival of Express Train from Toronto, for Orillia direct, returning to
Bell Ewai't connect with Morning Express Train for Toronto and CoUing-
wood.
Bauuie — Daily stage to Penetaugiushine. With steamer Ida BurtoHy
leaving Barrie at 5.30 s-.m. daily for Orillia and Washago, connecting
with stage for Gravenhurst, and steamer Wenonah for Bracebi-idge and
ports on Lake Muskoka, and steamer Wabamik for poi'ts on Lake Rosseau.
CoLLiNGWOOD — The steamer Wauhuno leaves Collingwood every Satur-
<lay morning for Parry Sound.
FRED. CUMBERLAND,
Managing Director.
Y
\
OL. —
RCrCHENCCS
h'xisliiii Hnilwiiijx
t^,„m tw-tf ffiitln'iiii muter fvnslnii-tioi
♦ ♦♦*.-,. Projeiim A'di/fi'iiiy.v
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^ y
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(i«ili(
- />i>iii
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fit Hmiiidartj linrx
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PROVINCE
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Compiler and prepared for the
FROM THE LATE! iT COv'y SURVEYS , MAPS, M . it .
W. .»
%
by
S.IIOI.\VKI.I.,l'.I..S'
~ 181 I ^^
milr.'! Ic (III I Hill
Al ^
rt
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ENGRAVED »PRINTEO FOR HUNTER, ROSE » C°, TORONTO
by Leogo iC, Montreal
r
**
I
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS,
T«»llt>NTO, 2STII Mat, 18«>.
NO'I'ICK Is Jiorcliy k'vi'M, timt tlie fullnwlii',' OrdtTs iiiul Ifo;;iilutiiiii- liavii Ixi'ii inadd liy Ills
I'Ai'cliriu'.N tlio l.iriitt'iiaiit (iovrrimr in I'lniiicil, under the " I'rct' (iniiits iind llunii ^i< jil A>;t
(if lUUH," and tiiu " I'uliliu I.uiuIk Acl nf lisUu." Iiy UiiliT in t'ounoil lioariii^' dulu tliu liitli iluv u(
May liiittuitt.
OR,3DEPlS AlSriD IR,EC3-XJXj-A.TI01>TS
Maat! nriilcr " 't'lm Frvn OmiitH ami lldtiifntcMd Act of 1H(1H," and "The I'lihlic Laiuh Act i\f
13(10," by Order o/ IIU lixccllencij the l.ieiiUndnt-Uuvcrniir in Council, Jutfd 'llth Miiy, laO'J.
1. TIk^ (|nantity of latid to bo locatod to any ihthciii as a Kroo (Jrant, iindcr " Tlio Vrvv (irauts and
IIoiiK'stiad Aft of l>i(l-(," »ulis(M|iic'ntly to till! 'Jilrd di'y of January, l-5ii;i, hliall liu loO acres ; lint in
cii.su it shall hu niailo to appear to tho satisfaction o, tliu (voniniissinncr 'f Crown l,an>ls, that any
person loea'ed, or to ho lo<'aled as aforeMaid, has nil hy reason of rock, l.tlies or s«anip, loii aereu
that can l)c made availahlo for farndtii; |inrpose-i, lh(^ (piantity hjcated in siieli per.vin may lio
incriiused in the discretion of tho t'ommissioiier n'. Crown l.anclM, to any nunnni .!' acres, not exceed-
ill}; in tlic whole 'MO acres, ho as to make luo i.cres of such farniiiiK land; and the male head of a
family located, or to hu lomited, under said Act, since tho said 'iiird day of January, IMJU, liavinjf
children under oiKlitoen years of ivA^ residin;,' w ith him, may he located for in all '^W acres.
'2. Any locatee under saicl last mcntiuned Act, hein;; the male head of afariiiiy as aforesaid, .sliuU ho
allowed to purchase an additional 10i» acres at M cent< per aero cash, at the time of sucli localion.s
Huhject to tiie same rcnervations and ci>nilitions, and thu performance ipf the .-ame settlement dullcs
as arc provided in res|iect of Tree (irant lieaticjns hy the lith and loth .Sections of the said Act,
except that actual residence and liiiildini,' on the land purchased will not he reipiired.
y. .Sipiatters upon land situate witliiii any 'I'ownship, or part of a 'roHiiship, appropriated hy Order
In Council for Free (irants, ami who had settled or impnned upon such lands liefore the passin^r of
the said Kreo (irants Ai!t, shall ho allowed lo imrchase .said lamls (not exceeding,' In <piaiitity •_'Oii acres
to any one person), at .'lO cents an acre ciish, such sale to he snhject to tho -ame conditiuiis and reser-
vations as are provided hy the !ith and loth sections of said Act in respect 'f Krec tJrant locaiions.
4. Tho riy:lit is n^served to thu Crown to eoiistriict on any land located 'iiider said act, or sold as
lieroinheforc provided, any colonization road, or any road In lieu of, or ) artly ileviatin;; troiii any
Oovernment allowance for road ; also the ri;,'lit to take from such land an.\ wood, gravel or other
materials, rcc|uircd for tlic construction or improvcincnt of any such road, without makiiiL; any coiii-
jteiisation for the land or materials .so tiikcn, or for any nijury occasioned l)y the eoiislruc'tioii of
Hucli road ; and such riulits may bo cxeruiacd by tho Cumiuissioiier ot Crowu Lauds, or any uiio
authorized hy him for that purpose.
6. Holders" of Timlier Licences, their .servants, and agents, are to hijvc the ri;;lit to hiiu! their tim-
ber or lo;,'s over the uncleared portion of any land located as a Free Ciraiit, or purchased as lufoio
jirovidcd, and to make such roads thereon as may ho necessary for that purpose, dojii;,' n,, unneces-
sary ilama;;e, and to Use all slides, portaH;cs, roads, or otlier works proviously constructed or existiiiy
on any land so located or .sold, and the rif;lit of access to, and free use of al! streams and lakes there-
tofore used, or that may ho iieuossary for tho [lassayo of tiiubfir or lu;'s ; and all laud necessary for
sueh Works is reserved.
(i. All rine Trees jjrowinij or beiiiff upon any land lieroaftcr located as a Free Grant, \nidcr tho
said Act, or sold under tho prccedinjf regulations, shall he subject to any timber license m force at
the time of sueh location -jr sale, or granted within li\e years suliseipiciiily tliercto, and may at any
time before the issue of the pa''jnt for such Uiud, be cut and ruuioved under the authority of any £.uch
tuubor liucuso, wLilu lawfully iii force.
S. RICHAKDS,
Coimnimuner of Croum Lands.
DEPARTMENT OF CROWN LANDS,
TOHOXTO. 2STII M.\T, 13^1).
NOTFOE l.s hereby given, that tho followinqr Order and Regulation have been made by His
Kxcellency the Lieutenant-Oovcrnor in Council, under "Tho rublio Lauds Act of iSUU,"
by Order iu Council, bearing date the yTth day of May instant.
OI^IDEI?, -A.lSriD I^EG- U"Ij.A.TI03Sr
3fade under "The Public Lnndu Act. of IStiO," by Order of Jlis Excellency the Lieutenant-
GoneriKir in Council, dated ilth May, 1S09 :
All Pine Trees j^rowinj; or hein,;,' upon any rublio Land hereafter to bo sold, and which at the
time of such sale, or previously, was iiichidod in any Timber License, shall be considered as reserved
from such sale ; and such land sliallbosulijcct to any Timber License, covering or inchidinjfsucli land,
in force at the time of such .sale, or granted within three years from the date of such sale ; and such
trees may be cut and removed from sueh land, under the authority of any sueh Timber License
while lawfully m force ; but the purchaser at such sale, or those cl.-iiiiiin;; under him or lier, may cut
and use such trees as may be nc'cessary for the jmrpos'! of building:, foiiciii},' and fuel on the land so
pundiased, and may also cut and dispo.se of all trees required to be removed in actually clearing
said land for cultivation, but no pine trees, except for the necessary builiiin;:, fenciii','- and fuel as
aforesaid, shall be cut beyond the limit of such actual elearnifr before the issuin.;- of the Patent for
such land, and all pine trees so cut and disposed of, (except for the necessary building-, fencim: and
fuel as aforesaid), shall be subject to the i>aynient of the same duos as are at "the time payable by the
holders of licenses to cut timber or saw lojjs.
All trees remainiii!,' on the land at the time the Patent issues, shall pass to the jiatcntco.
Provided, however, that this order shall not apply to any land to be sold as iiiinmi; land, under
•'The General Mininj; Act of IH(i!)," nor to land to be sold" to any Free Uraiit locatco, under the
regulations or Order in CoiuicU bearing date this day.
„„ „ , S.RICHARDS,
Commissioner of Crown lands.
m
T. RUSSELL
&SON,
^Vatch and (tlivouomctcv panufaduv^v.^,
7 '1 HAVIES INN, HOLBORN, LONDON,
30 & 32 SLATIR ST., AND 60 SEEL ST., LIVERPOOOL.
ESTABX.isiii;!) ijst iror,
THE ONl-Y
WHOLESALE HOUSE
IM ENULAM>
WHICH HAS
.t'KCIAL WARRANTS
/s
MAKERS TO
|rr pijesiij It? (Queen an^ % 5. f, Drintc ^ilfrc^,
3fAyUFACTIJRKIlS OF
CHRONOMETERS, REPEATING, 1 SDKl'KNDA NT DEAD SKCOSDS, KEYLESS AND
E\-EJn' CLASS or FIXE AND ORDINARY WATCU,
TWO AND EIGHT DAY MARINE CHRONOMETERS.
A. W. RUSSELL,
55 & u7 YONtiE ST.,
T O TIO 3Sr T o ,
Re2>i'esentiitiiy !>/ ilir Etna in Aiwiica. j|'
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