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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 'rata o lelure. □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 cc PHILIPPE I)E ROCHEBLAAH. ROCHEBLAVE PAPE.RS. COURT OE i:n()Uiry at port CHARTRES. tn^. HR. Jama^, '■ i ; I i. C( ..-1 ri , ■') i L tfflMMia FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 8 4. PHILIITE DH ROCHEBLAVE AM) ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS, HISTORICAL SKETCH AND XOTKS l!Y EDWARD GAY MASON, PkKSIIiKN r OK IIIE CHICACJO HiSIOKH AI. Sr)(.lKI\. COURT OE ENOUIRY AT EORT CHARTRES. INTRODUCTION BY jOHx\ mose:s, Six KK'Artv oi iHK Chicacjo Hisiokk ai. S(ii.iKr\. KK PRINTED l-ROM \'<)t.. IV, Cim:A(;o Historical Socikiv's Cdm-kctions: "Early Chicac.*.) and Illinois." CHICAGO: FF.RGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 1896. , . « t » « • 1 f 1 '%,. ■koitoi BRITISH ILLINOIS. Philippe Francois de Rastel, Chevalier de Rocheblave. By Edward G. Mason of Chicago. ACERTAIN interest attaches to the name of Roche- blave as that of the last British commandant of the region known a century or more ago as "the Illinois." His official position and his relations to that region during the revolutionary period, upon which his correspondence, preserved in the Canadian archives, sheds much light, seem to render a brief sketch of his life an appropriate: intro- duction to a selection from that correspondence. Philippe Francois de Rastel, Chevalier de Rocheblave, was born in the village of Savournon in the old province of Dau[»hine, now in the department of the High Alps, in the southeast of France.* His father, the seigniorial lord of Savournon, was Jean Joseph de Rastel, Chevalier Marquis de Rocheblave.'^ The son entered the army as an officer in the French service and was placed upon the half-pay list in i748.-f- A desire for active employ- ment and for an opportunity to better his financial con- dition, it is probable, brought him to Canada in that year.:): He acquired experience in Indian warfare, and was one of the officers who served under the brilliant partisan Charles de Langlade in I755,§ when he led his bands of western savages from the country about Lake Michigan to the rendezvous at Fort Duquesne. In the • Marriage Register, 1763. — Kaskaskia Parish Records, t Rocheblave to Germaine, Feb. 28, 1778.— "Canadian Archives." t Rocheblave to Haldimand, Oct. 7, 1781. — Haldimand MSS., British Museum. §" Wisconsin Historical Society's Collect'ns," III, 213; VII, 132. I 6-34-1 231 ^^ 516626 mm 232 EARLY ILLINOIS. memorable defeat of Braddock which followed, due more to Langlade than to any other man,* Rocheblave dis- tinguished himself and won the praises of his chief. One incident of that famous campaign, however, does not reflect credit upon the subject of this sketch. After the remnant of Braddock's force had fled, the French and Indians were busily engaged rifling the bodies of the dead which lay thick along the banks of the Monongahela. A young man of Langlade's party, of much enterprise and promise named La Choisie, discovered the body of a richly-dressed English officer, and Rocheblave, almost at the same moment, claimed that he had found it. La Choisie managed first to seize the well-filled purse, of the contents of which Rocheblave stoutly demanded a share, and they parted in no friendly way. The next morning, La Choisie was found assassinated, and the purse of gold was missincf. While there was no direct evidence of Roche- blave's guilt, he was strongly suspected of the crime, and its shadow rested upon his name thenceforth. -f* It is stated that Rocheblave continued to serve in Lan- glade's command during most of his subsequent campaigns in the old French war.:J: And he appears to have seen other service as well. In August, 1756, the governor- general of Canada — Vaudrouil — writing to one of the French ministers, says, that Sieur de Rocheblave with another cadet, a corporal, a militiaman, and twenty Shaw- nee Indians knocked at the gate of a small fort, three leagues beyond Fort Cumberland, where there remained some families and thirty militia. He killed four English- men whom the Indians scalped, wounded three, who dragged themselves into the fort, and took three prison- ers.^ And in the following year, Vaudreuil writes to the * "Wisconsin Historical .Society's Collections," VII, 132, 133. i//>i 'k BUITISII ILLINOIS — ROCIIKliLAVK 235 to Great Hritaiii in the fall of 1765, Rocheblavc, as his opponents say, abandoned his property there, and pre- ferred the Spanish government to the British, taking the oath of allegiance thereto." At all events, he was in command at Sainte Genevieve on the Spanish side of the Mississippi in 1766, and engaged in certain legal proceed- ings there.-f- In the following year, he was still Spanish commandant at the same place and was most tenacious of the rights of his catholic majesty even in ecclesiastical matters. When the good Father Meurin appeared at Sainte Genevieve, acting under the Ro-nan catholic bishop of Quebec, Rocheblavc declared "I know no English bish- op here, and in a post where I cor^.'nand I wish no eccle- siastical jurisdiction recognized except thnt of the arch- bisiiop of St. Domingo." He at once n.ade a decree pro- scribing rather Meurin, and orders were issued for his arrest as a state criminal for recognizing a jurisdiction not admitted by Spain. A friend warned him of his danger, and he left Sainte Genevieve and crossed the river into British territory. | In 1770, Rocheblavc became engaged in an altercation with Lieut.-Col. John Wilkins, then commanding for Great Britain in the Illinois country with headquarters at Fort Chartres. The strife between the two commandants waxed hot, and attracted the attention of Gen. Thomas Gage at New York, and of Don Alexandro O'Reilly at New Orleans, the commanders-in-chief in North America for Great Britain and Spain respectively. Rocheblavc for- warded his correspondence with Wilkins, arid a letter of complaint to his chief, the governor and captain-general for his catholic majesty of the province of Louisiana. He sent all the papers, together with a conciliatory letter and * Petition to Carleton, April 10, 1777. — Haldimand Papers, "Canadian Archives." t St. Louis City- Records. + Shea's "Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll," p. 120. i wnimm, ! "" 236 EARLY ILLINOIS. a copy of Ins orders to the commanders of the several posts within his government intended to prevent the re- currence of such troubles, to the commander of the forces of his Britannic majesty in his American colonies. Gen. Gage replied in the same spirit, and, while he said it was not possible from the letters of Rocheblave and Wilkins to discover the merits of their controversy, he agreed with Don Alexandro in the expediency of putting a stop to these little disputes in the beginning to avoid their in- creasing to animosities. And in courtly phrase, he ex- pressed his ambition to follow Don Alexandro's example and to obey his commands on all occasions,* the humor of which, under all the circumstances, Don O'Reilly's Irish blood must have enabled him to enjoy. It does not appear what the precise difficulty was, but it is evident that Rocheblave was as prompt to oppose the British, in behalf of Spain, in things temporal, as in things spiritual. By what process this foe of Great Britain, who as a Frenchman had fought against her troops, and as a Span- iard had quarreled with her officials, was transformed into a subject of George the Third is a mystery. Nor is it known when the marvellous change took place. It was alleged against hirn that he never took the oath of allegi- ance and supremacy required of those who held office under the British crown.f However this may have been, Rocheblave returned to Kaskaskia some time between 1770 and 1776, and posed as a British subject. Lieut.-Col. John Wilkins was followed in the command of the Illinois by Capt. Hugh Lord, who had at Kaskas- kia two companies of regulars and a few artillery-men. Maj.-Gen. Haldimand, who succeeded Gage in command at New York in June, 1773, was rather in favor of keep- ing these troops in the Illinois country. But Gen. Gage, * (iage to O'Reilly, May 16, 1770.— Ilaldimand Papers. i I'etition to Carleton. — Supra. W hi c^ li til S( pi m \T&,mwm' K "Wr BUMHB*^.'*'*'"' ' — ■— ■*"■*— "^Wiafir'fci BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 237 who resumed command on his arrival at Boston in May, 1774, feared, as the troubles with the colonies began to increase, that the detachment might be cut off and was inclined to order it eastward. Various circumstances pre- vented the accomplishment of this design until Sir Guy Carlton, the commander-in-chief in Canada, in whose jurisdiction the Illinois country was included, determined to carry it out. And after the disasters to the royal arms in 1775, when the soldiers of the colonies invaded Canada, he issued the necessary orders.* In the spring of 1776, Capt. Lord and his men departed to join the British forces by the way of Detroit and the lakes.-f- He, was instructed to entrust the administration of affairs to such person as he judged proper. He selected Rocheblave as his successor, and it is a proof of his con- fidence in him that he left his own family in Rocheblave's charge, and four years thereafter they were still with Madame Rocheblave.j Carleton wrote Hamilton, the British lieutenant-governor at Detroit, that the troops were withdrawn from the Illinois to avoid unnecessary expense, and that a salary of ^200 per year had been granted Rocheblave to have an eye to the king's interests in those parts, and to advise the government of whatever might be carrying on there against them, and that his appointment was deemed to have commenced May i, 1776.^5 And he wrote Lord George Germaine, the secretary of war, that he had employed Rocheblave to have an eye on the pro- ceedings of the Spaniards and the management of the Indians on that side; that his abilities and knowledge of that part of the country recommended him as a fit per- son; and that he thought such a one necessary since the post which had been held upon the Mississippi had been * Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778. — "Canadian Archives." t Carleton to Hugh Lord, July 19, 1776. — Ilaldimand Papers. t Madame de Rocheblave to Haldimand. — Haldimand MSS. § Carleton to Hamilton, Sept. 15, 1777. — //>/(/. I ^!% - *-HM»<«M 238 EARLY ILLINOIS. witkdrdvvn.* Rocheblave naturally magnified his office, and considered that Capt. Lord had appointed him judge and commander of a vast country, and had in effect in- structed him to continue to bestow upon the savages the presents ordinarily given in order to avoid alienating them, and that it was also committed to him to break up the designs and evil intentions of the Spaniards to say nothing of the rebellious colonists. He so informed the home government nearly two years after his appointment.^f* But however backward he was in advising his superiors of the extent of his authority, he lost no time in impressing it upon the people of the Illinois country. The French in- habitants were speedily taught to address him as comman- dant of all the British part of the Illinois, and with the most humble respect and submission, as did the residents of Peoria.| The British inhabitants were less docile, and complained by petition to Carleton, that Rocheblave trampled upon their liberties, "despised Englishmen and English laws," acted both as counsel and judge, traded with the savages against his own edicts, and was partial to the French.^ If one-half of their allegations were true, he certainly carried matters with a high hand and played the part of a despot. Still it is but fair to Rocheblave to say, that however unjust to the people, he seems to have been faithful to the government. And notwithstanding his previous, frequent changes of allegiance, he served the British crown during his stay at the Illinois with a zeal and persistence which obtained from his superior officers a quasi-recognition of his right to the positions he claimed. Even Sir Guy .Carle- ton who so carefully limited his authority at the outset, a * Carleton to Germaine, Aug. 13, 1777. — "Canadian Archives." + Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778. — Sufira. » X Inhabitants of Peoria to Rocheblave. — Sit/ra. § Petition to Carleton. — Supra. I F<- . kkmbM* riffit''^'*iiri ii i«ii" ■> "" BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCIIEBLAVE. 239 Dffice, judge ct in- 2S the them, ip the Dthing home |- But of the 5ing it ich ili- um an - th the sidents le, and leblave en and traded irtial to re true, played lowever I to the Vequent 1 during e which lition of y .Carle- outset, a i few months later promised him an order authorizing him to call out the militia, which practically made him com- mandant,* and apparently paid no attention to the com- plaints against him. The home government made no objection to his assuming the title he coveted, and Haldi- mand, who succeeded Carleton as governor of Canada, June 30, 1778, and with whom Rocheblave carried on an extensive correspondence after the capture of Fort Gage, always treated him as the former commandant at the Illinois, and in fact paid him his salary as such officer until some time in I783,f and also his expenses in that office."!* Certainly he was untiring in his efforts to obtain information concerning the schemes of the Spaniards and colonists, and nothing pleased him better than to hold a solemn examination in the audience room of Fort Gage at Kaskaskia, usually at five o'clock in the morning, of some trader returning from a winter visit to a tribe with which 'le Spaniards at St. Louis had been tampering, or some refugee from the colonies bringing cheering but delusive tales of their probable return to their allegiance; and to send off an express with the depositions of such witness'^® duly signed, sealed, witnessed and verified upon oath, to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton at Detroit, or Sir Guy Carleton at Montreal. He was really, as he himself says, left in charge of a great province without troops, without money, and without resources.^ And he accomplished much with very- little means. His services were especially valuable in regard to the Indians among whom his military experience and long association with them as a French partisan gave him influence, and he kept the tribes in his neighborhood quiet, and the routes of the Ohio and Mississippi open for a considerable time by his personal eftbrts alone. * Carleton to Rocheblave, Oct. 28, 1776. — Haldimand Papers. + Haldimand Papers. i Rocheblave to Germaine, Feb. 28, 1778. — Supra. 240 EARLY ILLINOIS. ' In fact, he decidedly preferred this kind of occupation; and this feeling, together with the lack of harmony be- tween himself and the British traders at Kaskaskia, in- duced him to earnestly entreat that an English lieutenant- governor might be sent to take his place, and he be de- tailed to take charge of Indian affairs.* He was equally anxious that at least a few troops should be sent to pro- tect the country, the importance of which he seemed to realize far more than any one else in the British service, except perhaps Gen. Haldimand who, had he succeeded Carleton in time, would probably have granted this re- quest. For after Clark's successful expedition, Haldimand expressed the opinion that had the two companies of regu- lars which he left at the Illinois when he commanded in New York, been left there they would have assured posses- sion of the country and prevented subsequent conse- quences.-f* Rocheblave insisted, but to deaf ears, that the Illinois country if better known, would be one of the richest colonies which his majesty possessed, and that it would soon become the centre of communication between the colonists and the Spaniards by the way of the Beau- tiful River.j Carleton wrote Hamilton that it would be impracticable to send any troops to Rocheblaveij and none were ever sent him. But it was the financial rock upon which he split. Not- withstanding Carlcton's strict limitation of his allowances to ;^200 a year and the cost of his expenses, j| Rocheblave could not reconcile this petty sum with the dignity of his office, and came to grief accordingly. His expenditures may not have been altogether upon government account. of bj hi h^ Pi hi all :>* , * Rocheblave to Hamilton, May 8, 1777. — "Canadian Archives." t Haldimand to de Bude (?), June 17, 1779. — Haldimand Papers. X Rocheblave to Germaine, Jan. 22, 1778. — Snpra. % Carleton to Hamilton, May 16, 1777. — Supra. 11 Ibid, Sept. 15, 111"] .—Supra, Cl I. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCIIEBLAVE. 241 ition; ly be- ia, in- iiiant- be de- qually o pro- led to ervice, ceeded his re- limand if regu- ided in posses- conse- that the of the that it between e Beau- ould be nd none t. Not- lowances cheblavc ty of his enditures ; account, 9. rs. but doubtless in part they were, and his surprise and grief at the non-payment of his modest drafts for twelve and thirteen hundred pounds are almost pathetic, albeit some- what humorous. Carleton had notified him in May, 1777, that he must not incur any further expense, but could draw for his salary only which was all that Hamilton was author- ized to accept, but he paid no attention to this/^ Then finding that he could extract nothing from Hamilton or Carleton, he addresses himself directly to Lord George Germaine at Whitehall, and assures him that his expendi- tures have always savored more of the niggardliness of a private individual than what could have been expected from a great power like Great Britair; that he did receive orders to incur no more expense up'';n government account, but the absolute necessity of his work had obliged him to continue it on his own account, expecting of course to be reimbursed.-f This producing no efiect, he applies again to Sir Guy Carleton, who is told that it grieves Roche- blave to the heart to speak on the subject of finance, but he is persuaded that the goodness of Carleton's heart will not permit him to refuse the payment of Rocheblave's rejected drafts, and that he has strongly felt that the honor of the nation would not permit his fanaticism of zeal to be costly to him, nor that he should become the sport of his neighbors and savages. And while he confesses that he has persuaded the commandant at Vincennes to carry part of Rocheblave's expenditures in his account, he says he forced himself to this kind of deceit which the crisis alone could justify and that it troubles him all the more because it is foreign to his character. ;|: The government was obdurate, but with undiminished cheerfulness and energy, he continued to raise the warn- * Carleton to Hamilton, ^^ 16, 1777. — Haldiinand Papers, t Rocheblave to Germaine, m\. 22, 1778. — Supra, X Rocheblave to Carleton, I-eb. 18, 1778. — .Supra. •w 1 242 EARLY ILLINOIS. ing voice of one crying in the wilderness against the early expeditions of the colonists along the Ohio and the Mis- sisippi to New Orleans to obtain supplies from the Span- iards, and the danger which these threatened to the Illinois posts. The daring young continental captain, James Willing, descended the Ohio from Fort Pitt, with an armed vessel and forty soldiers, captured fur-traders going to deal with the Indians under British permits, officers of militia with Rocheblave's own pass, took bateaux and cargoes in British waters, and nearly caught Rocheblave himself as he returned from a visit to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott at Vincennes. Willing went on his way to attack the British settlements on the lower Mississippi; and Roche- blave duly reported every account and rumor concerning him, giving them the darkest possible coloring, and again and again begged for the troops which s .ch expeditions proved to be essential to the preservation of the Western country.* It was all in vain, his requests for soldiers were un- heeded, his accounts for expenditures more or less in the public service were disallowed, and his drafts on the gov- ernment representatives whether at Detroit or in Canada, went to protest. But his busy pen was still at work, and when the eventful July 4, 1778, arrived, he was correspond- ing as briskly as ever. He was true to his financial record to the last, for he made one more draft, and that for over $1200 and on the government treasurer at Quebec ;f calmly oblivious of the repeated injunctions of his superior officers that he should draw on Detroit only, and for no more than his annual salary. He accompanied this bill of exchange with a letter to the treasurer praying that it * Rocheblave to Abbott, June 20, 1778. Rocheblave to Carleton, July 4, 1778. — Haldimand Papers. + Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, treasurer, Quebec, Bill of Exchange, July 4, 1778.— //'/ he appears to have still been a prisoner at Fort Gage. He tells what he would have done had he been supported or could aid have reached him from Vincennes, begs that his last draft may be paid, asks help for his family and Capt. Lord's, and urges his own exchange. He says his prison is worse than anything in Algiers, and that he is to depart the next day "for the congress," although quite ill. Clark sent those of his men whom he could not persuade to recnlist to carry letters to Gov. Patrick Henry at Will- iamsburg and with them went Rocheblave across the Alleghanies in custody.:). In this detachment was Levi Todd, brother of John Todd the first governor of the Illinois county under Virginia.{$ In the following spring, Rocheblave was joined by his former correspondent Lieut. - Gov. Hamilton of Detroit, whom, after the capture of * Reynolds' "Pioneer History of Illinois," 2d ed., p. 95. t Bowman to Mite, July 30, 1778. — Almon's " Kemembrancer," 1779, p. S-V X "Clark's Campaign in the Illinois," p. 37. § Reynolds' "Pioneer History of Illinois," 2d ed., p. 143 n. 9, ll: L 15RITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE, 24S charge, ly bear- ogative, manner itenants, tly after t ructions tc, to do r ;^2CX) a heblave's ers fromi ition felt lie arrival IS written, ure, vvhCiY rage. He ported or that his md Capt, lis prison to depart 11. ; persuade y at WilU icross the was Levi or of the ng spring, ent Lieut.- capture of ,"1779. P- i^- Vincennes, Clark also sent to Williamsburg as a prisoner. Hamilton was closely confined and placed in irons for his cruel treatment of captives and his connection with Indian outrages. Rocheblave appears to have had the freedom of the town on parole.* While here, according to his own account, it was proposed to him to return to the Illinois to govern that country in the name of congress with the titles of governor, superintendent of the Indians and colonel, and that all he had lost there should be made good to him. And he represents that when he resolutely withstood these flattering temptations, the governor and council of Virginia asked the French Marquis de Vau- dreuil, commander of a ship of seventy-four guns which was lying in Virginia waters, to transport him to France or the West Indies as a traitor to his native country. The marquis sent an officer ashore whom Rocheblave went to meet with the county lieutenant, but no parole to return to the town was exacted of him. The officer threatened to send him to France or the islands but Rocheblave says he told him that the king of France having abandoned him after the last peace, he had become a British subject and that the king could exercise no jurisdiction over him. And that the council, seeing that the French officer had not succeeded sent him a parole to sign, which he evaded by pretending to be sick, and made his escape.'-' Thomas Jefferson gives a different account, for in writing to Gen. Washington from Richmond in September, 1778, he said Lieut. -Gov. Rocheblave had broken his parole und gone to New York, and that the authorities of Virginia would shortly trouble the commander-in-chief to demand the return of the lieutenant-governor as soon as they could forward the necessary papers.-f- * Madame de Koclieblave to Haldimantl; Rocheblave to Haldimand, Oct, i), 1780. — Haldimand I'apeis. Jefferson's '"Writings," I, 258. t Jefferson's " Writings," supra. 3^ 246 EARr,Y ILLINOIS. It However this may have been, Rocheblavc arrived in New York in July, 1780, in company with SchieffeHn, lieu- tenant of Detroit volunteers, who had been taken prisoner with Hamilton, and had also made his escape. In October of that year, Rochcblave wrote Haldimand at length, settiiiGT forth his desire to raise some volunteers to chase the rebels from the region of the Mississippi, the Ohio and the Wabash, forwarding all the bad news concerning the colonists he could hear or imagine, modestly calling attention to the fact that his letters to Carleton would show that he had predicted all that had happened in the West, months before its occurrence, and entreating some aid for his own family and that of Maj. Hugh Lord, whom he said the brigands had deprived of the last morsel of bread.* With characteristic assurance, he followed this some ten days later with a plan for carrying on the war, entering into minute details.-f* In December, 1780, he wrote again from New York to Haldimand, asking that his pay might be sent to his wife, and, faithful to his charge, he asks for aid also for Hugh Lord's family.^ Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton was exchanged March 4, 178 1, and wrote to Haldimand three days later to Inform him of that fact, and incidentally mentioned that Rocheblave was still in New York waiting for a convoy to Quebec.i^ This he seems to have obtained in the fall of that year,j| as we find him at Quebec on Oct. 7, 1781, addressing a memorial to Haldimand on the advantage of occupying the Illinois country, and merely mentioning that Lieut.- Gov, Hamilton, to whose judgment it was proposed to refer the project, was aware of the superior knowledge * Rocheblave to Haldimand. — Haldimand Papers. + Rocheblave's Tlan, Oct. 20, ijSo.—J/uW. i Rocheblave to Haldimand, L^ec. 12, 1780. — J/>i(/. ^ Hamilton to Haldimand, May 7, 1781. — Jfiicf. 11 Haldimand to Hamilton, Oct. 23, 1781. — /iiJ. 4 *;•( i. JWtMw^.lMH Wi If i1»l#-tflflHlr BRITISH ILLINOIS — KOCIIEnLAVE. 247 rived in lin, lieu- prisoner October length, to chase he Ohio ncerning y calling n would ;d in the ng some y\\ Lord, st morsel followed g on the jer, 1780, d, asking ful to his lily.l . 4. 1781, form him ocheblave Quebec.^ lat year,ji Iressing a jccupying at Lieut. - oposed to cnowledgc •of Rocheblave to whose department such a question belonged.* In February, 1782, he applied for a passport to Detroit and a recommendation in his favor, and for leave to send an express to his wife,-f* and in March, his importunity obtained from the government a warrant for ■disbursements as commandant at the Illinois.| Notwith- standing this however, he again recalled his services to the much enduring Haldimi.nd, suggested that his warn- ings, which might have saveci Cornwallis, had only been laughed at, and proposing to secure the Illinois country, and with the aid of Germans and Acadians from Virginia and Maryland, to arrange the neutrality of Kentucky and the Indians at a trifling expense. But, if this compre- hensive proposition was not entertained, he asked for a passport and a circular letter to the commanders of the posts, where he might desire to trade, and last, not least, for the reimbursement of his losses.§ Haldimand evi- dently thought the most economical plan, and the one promising the most respite for himself, was to permit this persistent individual to engage in trade. And he accord- ingly gave him letters to Maj. de Peyster at Mackinac, who was informed that Rocheblave had been continued on pay and was to be employed as found useful, and that he had been allowed to take up a small cargo of goods which was not to pay freight on the lakes, jj But before he set out on this expedition, Rocheblave sent from Que- bec, Aug. 31, 1782, another petition praying for the pay- ment o^ his salary and the expenditures incurred during his long captivity,^ and his salary as commandant was granted him.** The peace which Haldimand thus secured * Rocheblave to Haldimand, Oct. 7, 1781. — Haldimand MSS. i Ibid, Feb. 17, 1782. % Il'id, March 22, 1782. — Haldimand Papers. X Warrant to Philip de Rocheblave, March, 1782. — Ilnd. II Haldimand to Peyster, April 28, 1782. — Ibid. 1[ Rocheblave to Haldimand, August 31, 1782. — Ibid. ** Warrant to Philip de Rocheblave, October, 1782. — Ibid. 17-34-2 J^ lU m 248 EARLY ILLINOIS. for himself was not of long duration, for Rocheblave seems to have been unable to resist the temptation while at Mackinac of engaging in his former pastime of making drafts on government account. And Haldimand was obliged to write him with some sternness, regretting that Rocheblave had been interested in bills drawn from Mackinac, contrary to orders, as they must be allowed to go to protest." Perhaps because of the unfortunate outcome of this attempt to resume business, Rocheblave soon after de- parted for the Illinois, and doubtless revisited his old home at Kaskaskia in the winter of 1782-3. Maj. de Peyster, then commanding at Detroit, advised Haldimand of this, and asked what was to be done if Rocheblave returned or drew for back pay.f Haldimand replied that Rocheblave had been drawing money for salary from Quebec, and his pay was to be continued from there, :|: and in March, 1783, another warrant to Philip Roche- blave for his salary as commandant at the Illinois was duly issued.^ And in the same month, Rocheblave, who had returned to Quebec, confidently submitted to Haldi- mand a plan for uniting and strengthening the parts of America left in British possession taking in all the terri- tory formerly owned by France, including the Mississippi, New Orleans, etc.|| He took the opportunity, however, to request a settlement of his claims for losses and expen- ditures during captivity ;*[ and also addressed Haldi- mand's secretary, Capt. Mathews on the subject.** Rocheblave apparently had regained the favor of Hal- dimand, who cheerfully granted him a pass for two bat- * Haldimand to Rocheblave, Nov. 2, 1782. — Haldimand Papers. t Peyster to Haldimand, Jan. 7, 1783. — Ibid. X Haldimand to Peyster, March 12, 1783. — Ibid. § Warrant to Philip de Rocheblave, March, 1783. — Ibid. II Rocheblave to Haldimand, Mch. 11, 1783. H Ibid^ Apr. 7, x-j^i.—lbid. ** Rocheblave to Mathews, Apr. 7, 1783. — Ibid. dl at ad !'• tr: ?a - r.^lUJ i! -CV.J-;.1uU. I 15KITISII ILLINOIS — ROCIILIiLAVE. 249 ocheblave tion while )f makitifTj nand was tting that iwn from illovved to le of this after de- :d his old Maj. de laldimand Locheblave id replied alary from 3m there^ lip Roche- llinois was :blave, who I to Haldi- he parts of II the terri- Mississippi, y, however, and expen- sed Haldi- ct.** vor of Hal- br two bat- 'apers. 7, 1783. -//vV. teaux for another trading expedition, but declined to dis- criminate in his behalf in the Mackinac business.* This favor was gratefully acknowledged to the secretary by the recipient who announced his intention to try to go to the point which he was at before the unhappy affair at Mackinac, which he promised to long remember, and well observed that for a man of his age not to go forward was to go back, and with unwonted consideration, said he would refrain from fatiguing Haldimand with a letter.-f- Within a fortnight, however, he sent him a plan for settling the upper country with loyalists, Germans, and Acadians, so as to secure the territory on the Mississippi to the British.:!: Haldimand had to promise to do all in his power to support Rocheblave's endeavors to recover his losses ;5j and in the fall of 1783, rumors reached Canada that an act of parliament had been passed to indemnify the loyalists for their sacrifices. Rocheblave promptly sent in his claims again, and was hardly satisfied with the decision to wait until the act officially reached Quebec. He wished his demands established immediately because he said he had to go from Quebec and "find Madame Rocheblave and the rest of the family at Chikagou," and settle all affairs in the upper country before possession was given to the Americans, jj He seems to have remained at Quebec during the following year, as, in January, 1784, he besought the government to give him a situation; in March, he asked for a passport and circular letter to the different posts and for an advance of cloth and powder and a grant of lands on the river Rideau; and in April, sent in a formal memorial designating the one-thousand- acre tract of land of which he would like a grant to hold * Mathews to Rocheblave, April 10, 1783. — Haldimand Papers. + Rocheblave to Mathews, April 17, 1783. — Idid. Z Rocheblave to Haldimand, April 28, 1783. — Ibid. § Mathews to Rocheblave, Oct. 22, 1783. — Ibid. !l Rocheblave to Haldimand, Nov. 6, 1783. — Ibid. 250 EARLY ILLINOIS. under the crown.* Haldimand .sent him a letter of rec- ommendation to enable him to forward his goods to the upper country, but he still applied for assistance; his wife reinforced him with an impressive letter stating their distressed condition owing to the refusal to pay her hus- band the money laid out for the government of the Illinois and praying for justice; and Rocheblavc begged for per- mission to at least acquire some land from the Indians, until finally Haldimand succumbed and ordered the laying out of one thousand acres of land for Philip Rocheblave on the Grand Isle near Cataraqui or other part in that neighborhood which was ungranted.f The year 1785, found Rocheblave still at Quebec, whence he wrote Haldimand at London complaihliig <^hnt after all his services, he had received no indemnity for losses such as had oeen granted to every refugee loyalist, that he had even been deprived of rations, and that this had a bad effect on the Canadians. | It vvouid seem seem that about this time, Rocheblave began to turn his attention to increasing disaffection among the sub- jects of Great Britain in Canada. More than one of Hal- dimand's correspondents informed him concerning the treasonable expressions and doubtful conduct of the once loyal commandant at the Illinois.^ Secretary Math- ews wrote to Rocheblave's predecessor, the now Major Lord, desiring information concerning his successor's conduct at the Illinois, as his behavior since Haldimand's .departure had been such as to justify suspicion of his (Ostensible character, he having been very active in stirr- ing up discontent among the Canadians. || And in the * Rocheblave to Haldimand, Jan. 3, Mch. 7, Apr. 12, 1784. — Kald. I'apeiv t Haldimand to Rocheblave, Mch. 26; Rocheblave to Haldimand, Oct. lO; Marie de Rocheblave to Haldimand, Nov.; Rocheblave to Haldimand, Nov, 2; Haldimand to Holland, Nov. 4, 1784. — Ibid. X Rocheblave to Ilaldiman, Jan. 21, \']%^.—Ibid. § Rouband to Haldimand, Mch. 20; Baby to Haldimand, June 4, 1785. !l Mathews to Maj. Lord, Aug. 25, 1785. — Ibid. bl H \h *-*^eiw . ,T-.rvrt. -rt ,'-.i.H*.a"'i>'*mj» [ -!ani9»BW9»>S .^BiBb BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE. 251 ir of rec- )ds to the his wife ing their her hus- he Illinois d for per- e Indians, the laying ocheblave rt in that t Quebec, di.ii'.g ^^"'''t enmity for ee loyalist, and that ouid seem an to turn g the sub- Due of Hal- erning the Df the once :ary Math- novv Major successor's laldimand's :ion of his ive in stirr- A.nd in tlu — Hald. Tapeis. imand, Oct. lO; aUlimancl, Niiv. une 4, 1785. fall of 1786, Mathews wrote from Quebec to Haldimand in London revealing, what he called, the odious character of Rocheblave, and commenting sarcastically upon his assurance.* With this faint praise, the name of Roche- '•' '.ve disappears from the British archives. Among the papers of Pierre Menard in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society is a copy of a docu- ment executed at Kaskaskia, July 29, 1801, certified to be correct by Ph. Rocheblave.-f* And in a report of com- missioners on land claims in the district of Kaskaskia, dated Dec. 31, 1809, Philip Rocheblave is stated to be the then present claimant of a tract of land, which claim was V rejected by the commissioners.^ It is uncertain, how- ever, whether the person mentioned in this document and in this report is the former commandant or a son of the same name. Of Rocheblave's family very little is known. His wife, from her letters to Gen. Haldimand, seems to have been a woman of force and education. Patrick Henry gave express instructions to John Todd, and to George Rogers Clark that she should be well treated, and her property restored or that she should be recompensed therefor.^ Augustin Grignon says he knew two of Rocheblave's nephews, Pierre and Noel de Rocheblave, both engaged in the Indian trade, and that Pierre became first a clerk and then a member of the Northwestern Fur- Company. j| He is said to have been one of the most important personages in this company, and to have had a seat in the old legislative assembly at Ouebec.lT No other noteworthy mention of the name of Roche- blave has been found in the annals of the West. He was * Mathews to Haldimand, .Sept. 7, Nov. 9, 1786. — Haldimand Papers. + Chicago Historical Society's Autograph Letters, Vol. 61, p. 399. ; :j: "American State Papers; Public Lands," II, 130. - § Henry to Todd, — John Todd's Record-Book, Chicago Historical Society. Henry to Clark. — "Calendar of Virginia State- Papers. " 11 "Wisconsin Historical Society's Collections," III, 215. ^ Ibid, VII, 133. T 252 EARLY ILLINOIS. not an altogether admirable character, and his feat of changing allegiance three and perhaps four times within a space of twenty years redounds more to his versatility than his consistency. But his eventful and curious life has a romantic interest of its own, and illustrates vividly the transitions through which the Western country passed during the revolutionary period. And his name marks an epoch, and will always have a kind of prominence as that of the last official representative of monarchical institutions upon the soil of Illinois. 1; aI ^r» H*,-!:;!"! ^tunL'^''^ifei)a.«^^^^.^i rT«iarif«aaiiiiV. is feat of s within a versatility jrious life es vividly ry passed me marks linence as onarchical ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. Sir Guy Carleton to Rocheblave. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, B. 39, p. 242. Crown Point, 28th October, 1776. Sir: — I have just received your letter of September 14th, with the interesting intelligence which you therein communicate to me, I can but approve the zeal which you show for the interests of the King of whom you have become a subject, and to whom, by the proof you have just given, as well as oy the favorable report which has been made to me concerning you, I do not doubt that you , will render good service. I hope by your skill to find the means of defeating the designs of the rebels, of which you inform me. I submit to you whether you should not make every possible efibrt to engage the savages of the Beautiful River to aid you. ' I will send you as soon as possible the necessary order to authorize you to call out the militia; in the meantime to recompense the trouble which you may have in the performance of your duty, you can draw bills of exchange tipon the Treasurer of the Province, Mr. Dunn, at Quebec, for the amount of your expenses in the work of which ' ^j^ou have charge, to the amount of two hundred pounds sterling per year, beginning from the day of the departure of Captain Lord* from your post, until further order. * Hugh I-ord attained the rank of captain in the British army, Dec. 25, 1762, was assigned Feb 5, 1770, to the i8th Royal regiment of Ireland, and 'was ranking captain in 1776. — R. G. Thwaite's examination of British- Army Lists. He commanded a detachment of soldiers stationed at Kaskas- l^Jlia, while Lieut. -Col. John Wilkins of the same regiment was commandant 253 a: 254 EARLY ILLINOk We have taken, burned and destroyed the greater part of the rebel fleet upon Lake Champlain, three sail only, out of the fifteen which they had, having escaped. The Rebels upon this event, set fire to all the houses and all the ships at this place, and fell back hastily upon Fort Carillon, but the bad weather which is coming on, pre- vents us from pursuing them this year, and we shall be soon obliged to re-take the route to Canada for our winter quarters. M. ROCHEBLAVE. -.t Richard McCarty to Rocheblave. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, b. 122, p. 6, Second letter, important business. Sir: — I have the honor to wish you good day, and to- present my respects to Madame de Rocheblave, and court- esies to Mademoiselle Pazet and friendship to all the family, to which I would render any service in my power here; I wish to make use of you to do this. I was ill at the departure of Mr. Charleville, and so I was not able to appear to present my defence. Mr. Levy has been himself to the house of Mr. Cecil to tell him that our society was separated and dispersed at the time at the Illinois, Wilkins' term of office ended March 30, 1772, and he was temporarily succeeded by acting-Maj. Robert Hamilton of the same regi- ment who had been stationed at Fort Pitt. On June li, 1772, Hamilton was relieved by Capt. Lord, who remained in command of the Illinois,^ having two companies from his own regiment and three men from the Royal artillery under his charge there, until May I, 1776, when he and his men were recalled to Canada. — Haldimand Papers. In 1779, he was major of the 75th foot, or Prince of Wales' Own, with commission dated May 30, 1778, and in 1783, was a major on half-pay. Dec. 25, 1802, he was appointed major with full pay in the 7th Royal regiment, garrison battalion, and in 1807, was a major commanding the garrison of the Island of Jersey and the last mention of liim in the army lists is in 1829, which probably was the year of his decease. — R. G. Thwaite, su/ra. e. g. m. rn — wrote from St. Ursule at , 4the Illinois, which seems to have been another name for Cahokia, on June 7, ■ 1778, to a correspondent at Mackinac, sending the latest information to Maj. ''li ■inrs,' M 256 EARLY ILLINOIS. I ! Petition to Carleton concerning Rocheblave. From "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, Series B., Vol. 185, i, p. 2. Illinois, ssf. To His Excellency General Carlton, Gover- nor of the Province at Canada, etc., etc., etc., residing at C)uebec. The petition of Daniel. Murray* Agent for the contrac- tors, Patrick Kennedyf and Thomas Bentley, all of the de Peyster and expressing the pious hope that God would soon send the wished-for news of a union with England and her colonies. 15ut in April of the following year, he wrote to his wife at Montreal that he had become a captain in the Illinois battalion and aide-de-camp of the commander-in-chief of the department of the West. And on July 12, 1781, Maj. de Peyster, then British commandant at Detroit, wmte to Gen. Powell that the Wea Indians had entered heartily into their cause, and had lately attacked a party of rebels and Indians, under Capt. Richard McCarty, near the Wabash, and had killed McCarty with some of his people. Maj. de Peyster added that he had all of McCarty's papers, but they gave no information other than that McCarty and all the inhabitants of the Illinois were heartily tired of the Virginians. — McCarty to Askin, McCarty to Mrs. McCarty, Maj. de Peyster to Powell; "" Canadian Archives. " — E. c;. M. * Daniel Murray and his brother William, of London, England, were •traders residing in the Illinois country before the Revolution. Wm. Murray negotiated, in 1773 and 1775, extensive purchases of lands from the Indians iipon which were based the persistent claims of the Illinois and Wabash companies to a large [art of the present states of Illinois and Indiana, finally rejected by congress in the early part of the present century. Wm. Murray was a member of both companies, and Daniel of the Wabash company; and the contractors, for whom he was agent, were tliose contracting with the British government to furnish provisions to tlie Western posts. Wm, Murray left the Illinois in 1776, and Daniel remained in charge of his brother's affairs. When Clark arrived, Daniel Murray took service under him as quartermaster and commissary, and supplied large f]uantities of provisions and merchandise to Clark and to Montgomery. When the Virginia troops were withdrawn . Murray was obliged to leave the country, descended the Mississippi to New Orleans, and was captured by the British on his sea voyage to Virginia and taken to Xew York as a prisoner. In December, 1781, he addressed a memorial to the Virginia delegates in congress at Philadelphia, praying them to save him and his brother from ruin by prevailing on their State to pay the bills of exchange drawn in their favor by Col. Montgomery for supplies fur- nished. — i:, r.. .\f. t Patrick Kennedy was a trader doing business at Kaskaskia under British — — >»" .» I >ii f the earli(;st in print of the country he passed through. He was one of the elaimants under acts of congress giving four hundred acres of larJ in the ^district of Kaskaskia to heads of families who had cultivated land in Illinois r|>rior to and including the year 1788. — E. g. m. iSV ^a ^ I / 258 EARLY ILLINOIS. Rocheblave in particular. That with such inhabitants as we happen to have any controversy respecting accounts or Demands unavoidable in business he acts in the first place as council for such against us and afterwards as a judge — He one day decides a matter in our favor and immediately issues out a sentence in favor of the oppo- site party — That contrary to our wise constitution and to the great detriment of the merchant, he acts in the capac- ity of a trader, buying and selling goods both wholesale and retail and has been known to make proposals for the purchasing of a cargo (last summer) to a very consider- able amount, which he would have effected had his Credit been equivalent thereto. Public advertisements with respect to property he orders in a most arbritary manner to be torn down which he has been known to do twice in one day. Protest and appeal from his sentence he pays no regard to, seizing notwithstanding of such for the payment agreeable to his sentence refusing undeniable security. He forbid the trading of liquor to savages under the severe Penalty of two thousand dollars and those very savages notwithstanding such orders being constantly drunk when in the village, upon an enquiry made accused him even to his face of being the person that intoxicated them with Rum or Taffia which they said he barter'd to them for Beaver, Otters, etc. Such is his partiality in favor of the French that upon approach of savages coming to war against their enemies last spring he sent out a party of men under French colours to know the design of their coming. That such partiality is not to be woudered at when we consider that the said Mr. De Rocheblave on this country being taken possession of by the English abandoned his property hero and preferred the Spanish government to ours taking the oath of allegiance thereto. M >'>m«} uniM t f.^j»aw«Ej«-^j«-*' ■ )itants as accounts the first ards as a avor and he oppo- Dn and to he capac- wholesale lis for the consider- his Credit )perty he wn which otest and to, seizing -eeable to under the hose very constantly de accused ntoxicated jarter'd to that upon ;ir enemies ler French That such •nsider that eing taken operty here i taking the BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 259 That 'tis not within the cognizance of any person in the country so far as we can learn that the said Mr. De Rocheblave has ever been qualified by taking the oath of allegiance and supremacy r ^viously necessary towards the holding of such an office. That abstracted from all manner of prejudice whatever, we do not look upon the said Mr. De Rocheblave from his behaviour at all times and partiality against us on all occasions to be by any means an Englishman's friend having endeavoured to throw aspersions upon the char- acter of some of us without the least foundation (and merely thereby intending to veil his own iniquitous prac- tices) openly countenancing known Villians against us and even encouraging the savages to rob our boats, whose '-^l sole motive was trading amongst them in their winter . grounds. That Mr. Murray, one of your humble petition- ^ crs, acting here as agent for the contractors applied to Mr. De Rocheblave to oblige Mr. Viviat a merchant in this place (who had obtained a certificate from Captain Lord) in the said Murray's name on his the said Captain Lord's A leaving this implying that he had already bought provi- .'5 sions sufficient for the subsistence of two companies of ' soldiers twelve months, to lodge the same according to •',;the said certificate which he hitherto has refused to do ,?and notwithstanding it was farther enforced in conse- ilquence of a Lieutenant governor's coming to Post Vin- Pcennes who might have occasion for the same yet the "same application was of no effect. '] We humbly hope that your Excellency will be kind enough to compassionate our situation and grant us such •redress and that in the most speedy manner possible as /iBritish subjects have a right to expect at the hands of an 'English governor and your petitioners as in duty bound ' fwill ever pray. T. Bentley.* ■' Dated at Kaskaskias, lOth April, 1777. * Thomas Bentley was a London merchant having trading-stations in West 260 EARLY ILLINOIS. I I Declaration of Gabriel Cerre'. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series II, Vol. 14, p. 59. The year 1777, the 29th of April, at five o'clock in the morning, there appeared before us, Commandant at the Illinois, the undersigned, in the audience room of this fort, Sr. Gabriel Cerre, a merchant of tb'j country whom we had summoned, for the purpose of declaring to us in legal form what he had learned, yesterday evening upon his arrival. And after having received from Sr. Carbonau^ clerk, and from Sieur Maisonville, a merchant of Detroit,^ both here present, the oath to hold and keep secret what in the declaration we are about to receive, presently from the before mentioned Sr. Gabriel Cerre, who after legally taking the oath to tell us the truth as well as to keep Florida and the Illinois country. He seems to have been the only one of the parties to this petition who dared to sign it, and Rocheblave's vengeance soon fell upon him. In May, 1777, Bentley left Kaskaskia with Rocheblave's passport on a bussiness-trip to Canada. At Mackinac, in July of the same year, he was arrested by Major de Peyster by order of Lieut. -Gov. Hamilton, upon the accusation of Rocheblave, that Bentley had given aid to the rebels the year before. He was sent to Detroit and thence to Montreal, where he remained a prisoner without a hearing for more than two years, in spite of his frequent protestations of innocence, demands for a trial, and the intercession of powerful friends in Liigland. During this period his property in the West and South was practically confiscated. At length, in November, 1779, he made his escape and crossed the frontier by the help of an Indian guide, ami found his way to Virginia. Here he played the role of a martyr for the colo- nial cause, and at Williamsburg called on Lieut. -Gov. Hamilton, who had imprisoned him and was now himself a prisoner, and offered his service-. The following year Bentley was at Post V'incennes and wrote thence to Major de Peyster and to General Haldimand, asserting his loyalty to Great liritain, suggesting methods for the reconquest of the Illinois and giving information concerning the plans of Col. La Balme. Yet in 1781, he appeared at Rich- mond, Virginia, and presented a claim for compensation, because he had sac- rificed his fortunes to support the credit of that state in the Illinois country. His letters to the British and to the American authorities preserved in the Canadian and Virginian archives, and but recently brought to light, are curi- ously inconsistent, and show quite clearly that he deserved his ill-fortune. Still he managed to persuade George Rogers Clark that he was a faithful friend of liberty, and later established a claim to land at Kaskaskia as a luyai citizen of Virginia. — E. c. m. H ci ol iHS BRITISH ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 261 p. 59- ck in the nt at the this fort, whom we us in legal upon his Carbonau, )f Detroit, ecret what lently from 'ter legally as to keep )nly one of the vengeance soon li Rocheblave's ily of the same 3ov. Hamilton, ,id to the rebels itreal, where he 3, in spite of his the intercession erty in the West ember, 177"^. '^'-" idian guide, antl rtyr for the colo- iiilton, who had red his service-. ; thence to Major to Great Britain, iving information ppeared at Kicli- :cause he had sac- e Illinois country. preserved in the to light, are curl- ed his ill-fortune. he was a failhfu! askaskia as a loyai secret that which he is about to impart to us, has declared and spoken that which now follows: That having been among the peorias on the River of the Illinois the above named stated that last winter, hav- ing been wintering with the Kickapoos and Mascoutens at a place called the bad land, there arrived there two sav- ages, Kickapoos, and that these went to a person called "fair weather" likewise chief of the said savages of the Village of the Raven on the River of the Illinois, to en- gage him to send hither those young men in response to : my invitation. To which messengers the before mentioned g "fair weather" replied that he would not stir, that he had t been the winter before at St. Louis to the Spaniards to drink there and see his father, the Spaniard, who had before promised him a medal, a chief's coat, a hat, etc., that the commandant showed him all these articles, but • told him he would not give them to him, until the com- . mander sent word, that he thought the time of the arrival |of the message from the sea would be about the time of grass, adding that he would not tell him the contents 'because it was yet a secret known only to him; that the -inhabitants of St, Louis (?) were ignorant of it, but that ias soon as their father had awakened from his sleepiness he would make known to them, and would be prompt with his word, and would give him then what he had promised, advising them not to mix themselves with the troubles of the bostonians with the english. The Sr. Cerre told us that he knew nothing more, that the declaration contained the truth, and he had nothing to change, add, or take away, and signed with us and our clerk and the Sieur Maisonvil. Done in duplicate at Fort Gage the year and day above written. Signed, Cerre, Maisonville, Rocheblave, Com- mandant, and Carbonneau, Clerk. [Endorsed:] In Sir Guy Carleton's (No. 32) of nth August, 1777. [4 «A 262 KARLY ILLINOIS. ' !| ", ■ Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series (), \'oI, 14, p, 56, Signed, RociiLBLAVE, Fort Gagk, the 8tli of May, 1777. I bc_t:j Mr. Abbott to come hither where his presence will dispose of many things, and where he can give orders for the common safety of the two departments. If he comes here, I shall try to induce him to take charge of everything as did Mr. Lord. His presence is more neces- sary here than at St. Vincent. If I succeed, and if I can be of assistance to him, I will willingly remain with him, if not, I shall see if I can be of use elsewhere. I was in command formerly in these parts for three years; and had not during that time to decide more than one process a week. At present with fifty men in all, I have during this term put three or four persons in prison, and that was as little as I could do. At present one is obliged every day to imprison young men who demand that if the English law is favorable to them it should be followed; on another occasion the same people will the very next day demand the old French laws which have always been followed. If I were not a little crazed already, I believe they would cause me to become entirely so. If S. C. should judge it proper to employ me on the River of the Illinois wherf: there are only a few Canadians who do not litigate because they own nothing, this river would need some one t ,j watch the savages who so far will not permit the native English to penetrate there, which is an injury to commerce. I think no one can be envious of my lot, and besides I myself am become a savage from constant association with them. I forgot to call your attention to the fact that as soon as I learned of the death of Bartalon, I gave letters of administration as successor to Mr. Cerre, an honest merchant, in order that having liquidated here the said succession, he could take the total :1^^ Pi lol ■'■ r:^: W»l. i.i. »H » M M HH I|ll . l|. - KRITISH ILLINOIS — RQCIIEULAVE TAPERS. 263 p. 56. lay, 1777- presence ive orders ts. If he charge of ore neces- d if I can with him, for three more than n in all, I J in prison, ient one is lo demand should be le will the A'hich have ttle crazed me entirely T me on the r Canadians r, this river 3 so far will :re, which is e envious of lavage from o call your )f the death as successor that having ike the total amount to Michilimackinac, or to Montreal according to circunistances. The greater part of the proceeds were under way, when I had the honor of receiving your letter. He had accompanied it himself well in advance to the Illinois River fearing the savages who have killed two men there. He has returned, and is about to remove the rest. I have ordered him to deliver it all to Mr. De Peyster to whom advices will be given. Mr. La Mothe can make ajDplication for it to him. What I can not do in a large way, I will do in a small way for the remainder of this succession, your wishes being commands for me. To day, the eleventh, my letter not having gone on [account of the raising of the waters and the continual rain, I have opened it to say that the same propositions have been made to the Saukies and the Foxes on their [return from war here upon the Illinois as to the Kickapoos. 'This afternoon those sent out in advance of the convoy [have seen nothing. We have news that it had not been Ijseen as far as eight days travel and more than sixty leagues from here. This causes us anxiety. [Endorsed:] Copy of a letter from Monsieur Roche- )lave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton. In Sir Guy Carleton's (No. 32) of nth August, 1777. ■"? Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott. (?) Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series Q, Vol. 14, p. 64. ^igned, RoCHEBLAVE. FORT Gage, the first of June, 1777. t Sir: — The boats have at last arrived from New Orleans f'here they were delayed by the loss of the powder taken way from the colonists to the amount of eleven thousand pounds. Thus has been reduced this much vaunted arma- ment. It is true that the old governor. according to report loaded a boat intended for the colonists, But the ships of ii^-34-3 it r" ^wm* i\ I ] II- ^ 'A I I' ! I 264 EARLY ILLINOIS. his majesty got possession of it. All appearances are for a foreign war in the near future. I have here a party of Delawares, and a collection of Kickapoos, Mascoutens and Pottawatomies from the River of the Illinois. As these three last named nations always make war upon the subjects of Great Britain (the Span- iards laving persuaded them so to do) and it being neces- sary to reassure you as regards that quarter, I have con- trived to draw them hither and after some difficulty, all has been well arranged. The war chief of the first men- tioned will go to see you. This tribe appears to me to be attached to our interests. They promise to prevent the passage of the colonists in case of anv attempt on their part upon the territory. The cannons you ask for will leave to morrow. If I can be of use to you, you can always rely upon me. I have always the honor of insist- ing upon the advantage of your presence here, for you would then know better your weakness and your resources. Had circumstances permitted I should already have paid you a visit. They are expecting in the town sixty merchant boats. The French half pay officers who have remained here should be replaced, being in a battalion from which the Spaniards are seeking to recruit their garrison. If the Delawares wish to be of use to you, they and the Kickapoos are the most desirable. I have the honor to be with the highest consideration, Sir, etc. [Endorsed:] In Sir Guy Carleton's (No. 32) of nth August, 1777. Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series Q, Vol. 14, page 69. Sir: — Yesterday. evening there arrived a cargo from New Orleans, the pyvi>er.s of which report that the Span- C I I t \ t r I « « « » : r ' » * I • •sit ft BRITISH ILLlNc^lS — ROCHIiBLAVE PAPERS. 265 :es are for )llection of 1 the River ons always (the Span- ing neces- have con- fficulty, all first men- to me to be prevent the pt on their ask for will Du, you can or of insist- ^re, for you ar resources. Iready have : town sixty rs who have a battalion recruit their to you, they lonsideration, 32) of II th ott. 14, page 69. I cargo from iat the Span- iards have taken possession of twenty-two English ships in this river, that these had made an attack upon them at sea. They have afiBrmed this so strongly and in such detail that there can be no doubt of its truth. Thus from I whatever cause it may have arisen, reprisals or otherwise, i hostilities have begun, and it remains only to decide how we shall come through with it. Shall we make the first move, or shall we permit it to be made. In the first case the advantage will be for us, in the second it will be for ^our neighbors. If we should get the stait of them, we -'Should not see them again very soon; if they should get ^nhe start of us, they would stir up much work for us even |to the very gates of Canada. % If you wish us to anticipate them, you would do well |to send about thirty young men here, and inform me in |advance of their coming. I beg you to pay thirty piastres '^o the express. I am in too much haste to write more at &)resent. I have the honor, &c., :| Signed ROCIIEBLAVE. J Fort Gage, the First July, 1777. [Endorsed:] Copy of a letter from Mr. Rocheblave, ^^ommandant, by appointment of Sir Guy Carleton, at ort Gage, to Lt.-Gov. Abbot, dated Fort Gage, first of uly, 1777. In Sir Guy Carleton's (No. 33) of 13th Aug., 1777 (2). Sir Guy Carleton to Lord George Germaine. From "Canadian Archives," Series Q, Vol. 14, p. 66. 10. 33.) Quebec, the 13th August, 1777. Afy Lord: — I have just received a letter from Lieuten- it Governor Abbott enclosing Intelligence which he iceived from Monsieur Rocheblave and which, together llith Mr. Abbott's letter I transmit to your Lordship. Mi ■mmj I !!■ i! 1 1 } 1 'i I i , , 1 i ' •' i ) J 266 EARLY ILLINOIS. Mr. Rocheblave is a Canadian gentleman, formerly in the French Service, whom I have employed to have an eye on the proceedings of the Spaniards, and the man- agement of the Indians on that side. His abilities and knowledge of that part of the country recommended him to me as a fit person; and I thought such a one nec- essary, since the Post which had been held upon the Mississippi has been withdrawn. I likewise enclose you two letters I have received by the same conveyance from Lieutenant Governor Hamil- ton, from whom I have received at the same time a very voluminous packet; as it contained nothing very material and he is in direct correspondence with your Lordship, 1 do not think it advisible to detain the Boat Captain Pear- son sends in hopes of overtaking the ship which sailed yesterday with another dispatch from me. I am, with all respect My Lord your Lordships most obedient humble servt. Guy Carleton. Lord Georc;e Ger Maine. [Endorsed:] Quebec, 13th August, 1777. Sir Guv Carleton. (No. 33.) (2 Inclosure>.) Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series Q, Vol. 15, page 193. Aly Lord: — It is nearly two years since the troubles which agitate disastrously North America obliged his Plxcellency, Sir Guy Carleton, to request Captain Hugh Lord, who commanded at the Illinois, to leave there with his garrison in order to be nearer the center and to aid i". gathering together all his forces, which as a skillful leader he considered to be too distant. Mr. Lord had orders to leave the administration of affairs to such person as he judged proper. BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE TAPERS. 267 ormerly in o have an the man- )ilities and ommended a one nec- upon the eceived by nor Hamil- time a very ;ry material Lordship, 1 iptain Pear- vhich sailed am, with all ient humble ARLETON. > InclosLires.) laine. 15, page 193- the troubles obUged his laptain Huc>li ive there with and to aid i:; skillful leader had orders to person as be m I If there could have been found a more zealous ofificer I who had given many proofs of his capability and of his ^ patriotism, in all probability he would have been given the I preference. The commands which he left me in appoint- I ing me judge and commander in a vast country were in § efifect to continue to bestow upon the savages in these "i trying circumstances the presents ordinarily given in order I to avoid alienating them. I have felt, my Lord, how important it was, during the crisis which has forced the mother country to the most '4 strenuous efforts, to carry the greatest moderation into ^J every expenditure. Mine has always savored more of the • niggardliness of a private individual than what should ihave been expected from a great power such as Great '' Britain. It has been necessary for me to break up the designs and evil intentions of our neighbors, the Spaniards, and to , dissipate the injurious impression they have sought to give ^ithe savages against the present government, in seeking to ..renew the small degree of inclination they have had for the old, and to give from time to time something to the vast tribes who inhabit our boundless forests. I' ,fe I do not know, my Lord, what terms to make use of in ^having the honor of expressing to you the greatness of tny surprise at learning that my expenditure for thirteen fnonths which was in the neighborhood of twelve hundred , 'Kvres sterling has not been ctllowed. His excellency, Mr. itarleton, in a letter of May last has checked me in every jfivay. Having received his letter and proving to him in ^|uly the absolute necessity of continuing my work, I have said that I would suspend matters out of respect to his orders, but am continuing in my own name, subject to the condition of receiving a prompt reply. Thus far I am Still waiting. It is by management of this kind my Lord, that Mr. Abbott, lieutenant governor at St. Vincennes, sees ;t r ^1* t 268 EARLY ILLINOIS. himself today forced to abandon his government, to avoid being a victim of too precipitate a plan of action; and that he runs the risk of having the doors shut upon him for a long time to come by the Indians who have been tampered with by our neighbors. Through him I am deprived of needed aid. In vain should any one continue to decry a country which if better known would be per- haps one of the richest colonies which his Majesty pos- seses. The efforts made by our jealous neighbors to expel us confirm this assertion. The fear of wearying you my Lord prevents me from writing at greater length, and I close by imploring you to redress my wrongs, and to take into consideration the state of this country, and to per- mit me to assure you of the respectful consideration with which I have the honor to be my Lord, your very humble and very obedient servant. ROCHEBLAVE. Fort Gage of Illinois, the 22nd of January, 1778. [Endorsed:] At Fort Gage of Illinois, Jan. 22nd, 1778, M. Rocheblave. Inhabitants of Peoria to Rocheblave. Translation from "Canadian Archives." Sir: — We the undersigned have the honor to assure you of our most humble respect and submission. All present have been witness to the arrival of your letter addressed to F. Maillet and of your word to be carried by him to the Mascoutin Chiefs. We certify that the said Maillet has shown great zealousncss in this matter. Find- ing some difficulties and some coolness on the part of the savages, owing to the persuasion of the Spanish comman- der at St. Louis this Spring, he felt obliged to add to your word some further inducement in order to conquer their prejudices and objections which they brought forward, and has joined to this pressing reasons and urgent solici- BRITISH ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE TAPERS. 269 t, to avoid ction; and upon him have been him I am le continue Id be per- ajesty pos- )rs to expel g you my ngth, and I ind to take and to per- oration with ^ery humble :IIEBLAVE. y^. 1778- 22nd, 1778, ive. or to assure lission. All your letter De carried by hat the said atter. Find- e part of the ish comman- > add to your :onquer their ght forward, urgent solici- I tations which he made to them in our prssence to over- I come their irresolution. In honor of which, Sir, to assure I you that we are with respect and fidelity your very hum- I ble and obedient servants. JYTE Truteau. Joseph Venault, Louis Chatellerault, I Lateau Hay, Louis Jauntetot, Eustache Lambert, I Joseph Verinat, Amable Val, Bapte. Casterique. ■'I I Witness, at the Pees, the 26th January. (?) LlONNAIS. :M ■jW To Monsieur Rocheblave, Commandant of all the English part of the Illinois. f [Endorsed:] French letter that came enclosed by Mr. |Rocheblave to Mr. Hamilton and transmitted by him to ^General Carleton in his letter of the 6th August, 1778, ||marked Detroit No. 7. Examination of Henry Butler before Rocheblave at Fort Gage. ranslation from the "Canadian Archives, "Haldimand Papers, V. 122, p. 21. Today the 15th of Feb. 1778, at eight o'clock in the ^^morning there appeared in the audience chamber of this ||brt upon your order a man named Henry Butler, of Irish rigin, having resided for six years in the province of ennsylvania, to whom after administering the legal oath '^to speak the truth, we have put to him the following ques- tions. Inquiry firstly, how and when he came to this ^ountry. % In reply, he states that he arrived several days ago ^**aving seen himself threatened, as had been the case be- ore, with being obliged to take arms in favor of the l^ebels. He left Fort Pitt three months ago in company |vith three others. He had embarked with a Mr. Morin, I % ■^ itflflLt. f ■ !l '\ ? ' i: r I M I > "•3, 270 EARLY ILLINOIS. whom he had met with while hunting upon the beautiful river. He was asked what was going on at that time at the Fort and in the surrounding provinces. He replied, that he had heard it said that the troops of the king were spread through the villages in the neighbor- hood of the said Fort and that their general was at a place called the White Horse. He was asked if he had heard that Philadelphia had been taken and how.^* He nswered, that the people of Philadelphia had re- no '^ry thing which barred the river and had given free entrance to the ships of his majesty. 'Jc was asked if there had been any affair between the troops oi" the King and the rebel army.? He made answer, that he had heard it said that there had been a battle upon a small river called Schuylskill and that the rebels had lost. He was asked where Congress was.? In reply, he stated that Congress was at Lancaster at the time he left, but that since it had retired to Carlisle. He was asked as to whether he had any knowledge of an armament being prepared for this country. He replied, that he had heard nothing of it before leav- ing. He was asked if he knew George Morgan and where he was } He replied, that he knew him, that Morgan had gone to Philadelphia in search of money to pay for the provi- sions of the troops of which he was the purveyor, and that he had not returned. He was asked if he had any further information to give? He replied, that he had heard it said, that this enga^ije- ment would take place this spring, that the people inclined for the party of the King and were only kept back by the '•iBik" kHH BRITISH ILLINOIS— rocheblave: papers. 271 2 troops of I neighbor- at a place elphia had lia had re- had given Lancaster at 3 Carlisle, nowledge of before leav- id where be 111 had gone r the provi- ror, and that tion to give? this engaj^^c- Dple inclined back by the oath which had been exacted from every family to the contrary, and added that they had conducted the prison- ers taken from the royalist army to a place called Win- chester. He furnished his statement declaring that it contained only the truth, and not knowing how to sign his name he signed thro' his clerk and the witnesses here below. his Henry x Butler. mark RocHEBLAVE, Commandant. Patt Kennedy, Charles Gogis, Carbonneau, Clerk. And today the i6th of the said month, continuing the same interrogatory which business had obliged us to inter- rupt. The same Butler after having again taken oath was asked what was the force of the garrison and the name of ithe commandant.-* He replied, that the Brigadier Gen. Hand, formerly Idoctor to the eighteenth Regiment, commanded there and 'Ithat there were in the neighborhood of one hundred men 4?in the garrison, the greater part of them deserters from *|the troops of His Majesty there. The thing has not been learly explained, they are deserters from the colonies. He was asked if there was a great number of barges or ateaux prepared .-^ He replied, that there were in the neighborhood of incty barges or bateaux already made ready and that hey were employed daily in constructing others. There ould have been a larger number but that a storm had jiestroyed seventeen of them. He was asked if he was acquainted with a person called . Liny.? He replied, no. He was asked what pay they received.-* He answered, that he had received nothing during the ree months that he had been at Fort Pitt. u* 'I- 272 EARLY ILLINOIS. He was asked what the people thought of this on this side of the Apalachians? He repHed, that they had kept quiet until they should have constructed the barges, and that then it was thought that they were for the escape of the chiefs and of con- gress, and that the people had planned to arrest them if they sought to escape in that direction. The reading of the declaration having been made to him, he declared that it contained the truth, and that he had nothing to change, augment, or diminish therein, and has made his mark not knowing how to sign his name, the year and day as below given. his Henry x Butler. mark Patt Kennedy, James Morin, Carbonneau. Witness. Witness. Clerk. [Endorsed:] Examination of Henry Butler at Post Vincennes before Mons. Rocheblave. i It ' Rocheblave to Carleton. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, 1>. 122, p. 12. Sir: — I have the honor of informing your excellency that, at the close of last month, I went to St. Vincennes to confer there with Lieut. Gov. Abbott upon the affairs of this region. I urged him not to leave, or at least to withdraw here and assume command. I was not success- ful in this attempt. I took for my return route the way of the Wabash and the beautiful river, ascending the Mis- sissippi, and arriving at this Fort. My intention was to learn the disposition of the Indians, particularly of the Delawares. M. Abbott and I have been informed that they have entered into engagements contrary to the inter- ests of the crown, and I wished to dissipate the impressions .iMu^ ji«miw**iM»i liRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 273 ; on this y should thought of con- them if made to that he rein, and ame, the Butler. ONNEAU. lerk. at Post 122, p. 12. xcellency /"incennes he affairs t least to t success- he way of the Mis- )n was to ly of the ■med that the intcr- npressions to our disadvantage which our neighbors seek to inculcate daily. I learned upon my arrival at the beautiful river, the fifth of the present month, that two days ago a vessel had passed coming from Fort Pitt, which had taken two brothers who under the passport of Mr. Abbott had gone to trade with the Indians. I learned the next day that they had also taken M. Le Chance, officer of Militia at this place who left before me, going under my passport to journey to St. Vincennes. They took with the latter his childred, his effects and his negroes. They took likewise one of the two brothers of the first capture, with fifty packages of skins which they had, after making them understand that they should only put the blame on their passport and that they wished to take Mr. Hamilton, Abbott, and myself. We discovered that, by their lan- guage, they were seeking to inspire a spirit of independence among the people. The ship is large, pointed and with quarter netting having, according to some of the engages, two cannon, and four, according to others, who say that two are masked, and forty soldiers, commanded by an officer from Philadelphia named Willing, who has three others under his orders. It is loaded with provisions. Congress has written by this occasion to the Spanish Governor at New Orleans, and the Commandant of that nation in this region has received a letter of the contents of which nothing has transpired. As I had good reason to fear they would proceed only as far as the Illinois, I decided to abandon the project of visiting the Indians at the adjoining rivers, and by travel- ing day and night to arrive before them. I met at the entrance of the Mississippi the recruits of the two captives, whom they had landed stripped of everything, after hav- ing required of them that they would not take arms against their pretended states. I learned that they under- stood (if one could put faith in what some soldiers said to ^4 ■i'^PIWw' ffiWipf?''^ii'Wi^i5^"^'^ ■*' ^p*- 1 • ; / if 1)1 ! 274 EARLY ILLINOIS. some engages of their acquaintance) that their aim is to possess themselves, with the aid of their supporters and others of their sort, of Natchez and Manchac, and to force to take arms in their favor several thousands of those located at the foot of the Mississippi, and to return with munitions of war. If such is their plan, I think that in any event, they must prepare a way of retreat for the chiefs of this fatal revolt, who, taking refuge in a country covered with immense forests, surrounded by numberless rivers, and assisted by our neighbors, could not be dispossessed of it without a severe blow, and without causing immense expense in view of the local difficulties. I would be all the more tempted to attribute this pro- ject to them, since after the battle of Long Island, the capture of New York, and subsequent events, when finally things were at their worst for them, they caused to be constructed a quantity of barges at Fort Pitt, and the project was proposed to the Spaniards, according to what a reliable person from their side has told me, and was only abandoned when they had taken lieart again after the surprise of Trenton. Thus we can see the Congress keep- ing alive here the leaven of the rebellion. Your excel- lency knows better than anyone how important it is, for the interests of Great Britain, that they should not have immediate relations with a jealous power, and one which exists in a region where it can in safety foment the trou- bles in the colonies, subdued or to be subdued. Four months ago, after the arrival of the boats from New Orleans, the Spaniards sent off by night three men to carry letters to Fort Pitt. They spread the story that they were going to hunt o the Beautiful River. Although I did not credit the report, I have only recently been assured of the fact by two savages who met them. I regret exceedingly. Monsieur, that the state of affairs . -T^r^illEtig 13RITISII ILLINOIS — ROCHEIiLAVK PAPERS. 275 m is to ters and to force of those urn with nt, they his fatal ed with ers, and ised of it immense this pro- land, the ^n finally ed to be and the r to what and was I after the ress keep- »ur excel- ; it is, for not have )ne which the trou- oats from hree men story that Although ntly been n. : of afifairs does not permit you to maintain here some troops, by means of which, and the inhabitants could give aid to them, they could cut off all foreign relations, make the passage of the Beautiful River at least dangerous, and could plant themselves on the hills at the foot of the Mississippi, and comp^ ' our neighbors to ccntribute only their good wishes to the continuation of our troubles. If /cal and activity alone could procure us these advantages, as my honor is concerned, your e.xellency might remain without anxiety. Although stripped of everything, I would not cease to put forth every effort and would only desist from it, when there was no more hope. I place before you the declaration of a deserter from the colonies, lie as well as others has asked that they might enjoy the benefits offered to those who leave the rebel army. I implore your excellency to give me directions upon this subject, as well as upon the deeding of lands which num- bers of the refugees from the colonies are soliciting, con- jointly with the inhabitants of the Spanish prairie. I have likewise sent you a journal of last year which sets forth the doings of the Spanish with the Indians of our shore to our prejudice, and a notice by which anyone on their side can warn me of any evil designs of the rebels towards me. I must inform you that the roof of the house of the fort which is of shingles is entirely rotten being made twenty five years ago and that it rains in everywhere altho' I am continually patching it up. If there is much longer delay in putting on a new roof, a house which has cost more than forty thousand piastres to the Jesuits will be lost. It grieves me to the heart, sir, to speak with you on the subject of finance. My expenditure for the first thirteen months of my government, has reached about one thou- sand pounds sterling, for which deduction should be made for the sum Mr. Hamilton was willing to pay. I have ' 'I li-l I ' t > J » / i\ Iff ) Hi. .: ( i V 276 EARLY ILLINOIS. taken the liberty of drawing upon your excellency in favor of Messrs. Unirat & Eirre, according to the account which I have had the honor of addressing to you. I have the un- happiness of learning that these same drafts, of which one is in the hands of Mr. Maisonville at Detroit and the other is held by Mr. de Seve at Montreal, have not been paid which renders all business nearly impossible and costs the more. If you were fully persuaded, sir, of the necessity of such expense and of the dispositions of our neighbors, if you were well informed that under the old government T have not had the wit to make a fortune, that at present I have not even the time to think of it, you would see that with resources so small for a country so large, I have been able to make redoubled efforts against our neighbors harboring bands of adventurers coming from the colonies, and have kept alive a sort of government in a region where jealousy and scheming have sought to introduce anarch' and confusion. I am persuaded that the goodness and tl justice of your heart will not permit you to hesitate to order the payment which has not already been made. Your order to suspend all expenses which reached me July last, did not surprise me, having in some sort solicited it, by a letter in which I had the honor of pointing out that in a time where the State was required to make violent effort it was wise to forbid them here. But scarcely had I written thus, deceived by an insidious tranquility, when two well founded alarms came to disabuse me. Out of respect for your orders I ought in reply to point out to your excellency that from this day I have discontinued those for account of the King, and, judging them indispensable, have continued my own. I have strongly felt that the honor of the nation would not permit you sir to make costly a fanaticism of zeal so little proportioned to my means, and that you would need more of me than to see me the sport of our neighbors and of the savages. 15RITISII ILLINOIS — ROCHEHLAVK PAPERS. 277 I have on every occasion urged that I might be replaced by some other person better accredited, and, this being settled in my favor, I will go so far to-day as to even say that the good of the service requires this. A native born I'^nglishman would experience fewer annoyances on the part of those who have this advantage, although those uho are here are little worthy to be so styled. They whom I have had business with of that faction, and who have often wasted the attention due to other matters have given me too much vexation, besides one has need of a clear head here, and my mind is daily impaired and weakened by a thousand details, each one more disagreeable than the other, being obliged to be the fac iotum of everything. I have the honor to be with the most respectful consid- eration your excellency's very humble and obedient ser- vant. ROCHEBLAVE. P. S. I have forgotten to inform you that in July last seeing myself without resources and threatened with a war which they told me on every side would not long be delayed, and almost positive that your excellency would not pay I begged Mr. Abbott to add to his account four hundred and four piastres that I had given in merchandise to the Indians of his government before his arrival, which he did. Meanwhile this same charge is carried into the accounts of the first thirteen months. I ought to reim- burse it, if you have paid it, or to carry it in a deduction upon the current account if you admit it. I have forced myself to this kind of deceit, which the crisis alone could justify, to furnish me either the funds or time, and it troubles me all the more because it is foreign to my char- acter. Fort Gage le 18 Fr. 1778. [Endorsed:] Mr. Rocheblave, 8th Feb. ^Z. I ' 'I r '< I / / \\ '/ i ■ \ I'l 1-i. & l\ V > 'H ,^ t 278 EARLY ILLIxXOIS. Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Series i, Vol. 15, p. 196. Fort Gage of Illinois, 28th February, 1778. My Lord: — The unfortunate situation in which his Excellency, Mr. Carlcton, found himself at the end of the year 1775, at the time of the invasion of the; province of Quebec by the Colonists, obliged him to recall the garri- son of this Country in order to fall back upon Detroit and Niagara. This general judged wisely that under the cir- cumstances it were better not to have the icw troops belonging to him widely dispersed, when in consolidating them lay his only chance of accomplishing anything. In consequence of his orders. Captain Hugh Lord, who had governed this country with general satisfaction evacuated it, leaving me in charge without troops, without money, without resources. This evacuation which the then crisis rendered necessary, and could alone justify, should have been remedied when the face of affairs had changed. But I think there is but little known in regard to this country. It will soon become the center of communication between the Colonists and the Spaniards by means of the Missis- sippi and the beautiful river, n'hich offers them connection with the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans. I have in vain set i^orth the danger of this, but have been powerless to prevent it from lack of means. I take the liberty ni}' Lord of representing to you that the only means of saving this country and to guard against the numberless impedi- ments to communication, is the immediate residence here of a lieutenant governor and troops. This statement of mine should be believed all the more since their coming would eclipse me. I wish that the nation could know that this is one of the best possessions, and that some en- couragement could be given it. Not having the honor of being known to you, my Lord, tl IV I IM^ BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 279 I will not venture to take the liberty of expressing myself at (greater length. I refer you in regard to the account to be rendered you, to Mr. Abbott, lieutenant governor at St. V^incennes, whom to our great regret threatening cir- cumstances have obliged to go to meet the troops at Detroit. I will confine myself to asking your favor for an old soldier on half pay in Europe in 1748 and in America in 1763. Having from fortune only a wife and children, I beg of you that they may be given the pension of the command- ants at the Posts. I have the honor to be with respectful consideration, My Lord, your very humble and obedient servant. ROCHEBLAVE. [Endorsed:] Fort Gage of the Illinois, Feb. 28th, 1778, Mr. de Rocheblave, R. 13th Sept. M i' m Rocheblave to Bosseron at St. Vincennes. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, Vol. 122, p. 35. [Detroit, April 25, 1778.] By a deserter arrived from Fort Pitt, we have learned that the people of Philadelphia having shaken ofif the yoke of Congress, have raised the chain which prevented the ships of the King from passing, and have by so doing returned to their allegiance to his majesty. Congress had fled precipitately toward the mountains, after the com- [)Iete rout of its army, that the people sigh ardently for peace in order to escape from the most frightful misery. ilic chiefs of the revolt are saving their effects by the roule to Fort Pitt. A boat descending from the said Fort, has taken the Srs. Ikcquet and their packages. Mr. La Chance has sub- mitted to the same fate with his brandy. Although the colonists have never had the ill will of this country, this is 19-34-4 1 ^^ \ J. 'Ml 1.5 i^ 280 EARLY ILLINOIS. a certain proof that they would spare them little, if they came there in force. Certain rumors which are abroad as to the bad disposition of the savages, make me desire to speak with the Chiefs of the Loups. I beg of you if you if you are at the Post to induce them to come and see me. (The above extract of a letter from Mr. de Rocheblave dated Feb'ry 28, 1778, was communicated by Lieut. -Gov. Abbott to Lieut. -Gov. Hamilton, and by him sent to Gen. Carleton — under date of April 25, 1778, from Detroit. ) Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, Vol. 122, p. 33. After Midnight, March 17th, 1778. Sir: — At supper time there entered this evening a delaware war chief who reported that five or six hundred rebels are making a fort on the river of the Chaouanons which is eighteen leagues above the mouth of the beauti- ful river. This being true we are upon the eve of great events in this country. He said that his people had killed four of them and had lost a chief. I am more and more convinced that thih Country is to become their retreat and that we need troops here. The Sieur des Groselliers the present mes- senger is about to go in search of merchandise for Mr. Cerre. As we are in extreme need of everything, I beg you to facilitate his progress in every way. If the rebels secure possession, I will warn you in time to stop his return. I have the honor to be, sir, your very humble and obedient servant. ROCHEHLAVE. To the Hon. Henry Hamilton, Esquire, Lieut, gov. of Detroit and dependencies thereto. [Endorsed:] From Mr. Rocheblave to Lieut. Hamilton of 17 March, 1778. Govr. I mmf BRITISH ILLINOIS— ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 281 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott. 1 lanslation from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, Vol, 122, p. 89. Fort Gage, 20th June, 1778. Sir: — The news which the boats arriving yesterday bring us are confined to the acts of brigandage done on the lower Mississippi by the party of Mr. Willing which has pillaged indiscriminately to the extent of their power the I'^nglish subjects, after having once left them in peace, and received their oath of neutrality. Conduct so odious, so worthy of an Arab has already begun to receive a part of the return it merits, a detach- ment of this corps having been surprised to the number of sixteen at Manchac, where a party from Pensacola killed four of their men and carried off a dozen. As they hast- ened to richer prey, they left the Natchez without pillag- ing them but they afterward sent a detachment of thirty- two men in a boat with six pieces of cannon to make this expedition. But the people of the Natchez becoming wise by the fate of the others, attacked them and having killed seven, have taken the rest as well as the boat and cannon, and have managed to prevent them from coming up the river, being five hundred under arms with the savages, having made up their minds not to permit them to take all of their goods. I hope always to have the honor of seeing you, having reasons which should engage > ou to come without delay. I have the honor to be with sincere attachment. Sir, your very humble and very obedi- ent servant. RocHEBLAVL. ieut. Govr. Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, Treasurer, Quebec. Tianslalion from "Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, B. 122, p. loi. Fort Gage of the Illinois, the 4th July, 1778. .S7;'.- — I have drawn today upon you in favor of Mr. Dejean for twelve hundred and sixty two pounds and a r I I I y fi Jxef ti a svcT' 'I r\ 282 EARLY ILLINOIS. ■h half sterling for to pay the expense since the twenty fouth May of last year until today. I have the honor of i^iving you advice by the present, praying that you will honor it. The uncertainty in which I am as to whether my draft of last year has been paid, has occasioned me an increase of expense by the high prices and the state of dependence in which I have been kept. And meanwhile the information concerning the doings of our neighbors the Spaniards with the Americans require that I should do even more than before, if my services are to be of any use to this Country. I offer them freely. I have the honor to be with the most entire consideration, etc. RoCHEBLAVi:. [Endorsed:] 1778, Letter from Monsieur Rocheblavc, Commandant at Fort Gage, Dated 4th July. Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, Treasurer, Quebec. Translation from "Canadian Archives," Ilaldimand Papers, B. 122, p. 10:. Fort Gaol, 4th July, 1778. l^ill of Exchange, i^i26i. 10 sterling. By this bill of exchange, it will please you to pay, tiie second and third of the same date and tenure beintjf uii- paid, to Mr. Dejean or order the sum of twelve hundred and sixty two and one half pounds sterling to liquidate the expense incurred in this country since the 24th of May •of last year up to this day, according to the advice of your very humble and very obedient servant. Rocheblave, Commandant at the Illinois, To Mr. Dunn, Treasurer General of the Province o( Quebec, at Quebec. [Endorsed:] A copy of a bill of exchange drawn by M. Rocheblave on Mr. Dunn, for $1262. 10 sterling, Fort Gage, the 4th July, 1778. BRITISH ILLINOIS^-ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 283 Rocheblave to Carleton. (?) 'Iranslation from " Canadian Archives," Haldimand Papers, B. 122, p. 91. ;^iy: — I have had from time to time the honor of in- forming your Excellency of the journey of Mr. Willing, a native of Philadelphia, a would be captain for Congress, who left Fort Pitt last winter, directing his way, at the beginning of February, towards the lower part of the Mississippi, having under his orders in a bateaux four officers and about forty soldiers. By bateaux arriving from New Orleans we learn that he put himself at the head of three hundred rogues, after having perpetrated every kind of brigandage in the English establishments, pillaging to the extent of more than a million and a half of piastres in negroes, indigo, silver and skins, without counting a pro- digious quantity of merchandise of all sorts, and munitions of war. He has destroyed English Arkansas, which is no longer anything but a desert, and of which the greater part of the inhabitants have joined the troop. He con- ducted the remainder to Spanish Arkansas, and there, having found a kind of portrait of His Pritannic Majesty they carried it along on the end of a pole, and then with a gun fired a number of shots at it, without the comman- dant offering any opposition to this indecency. They went from there to the largest English establishment at Natchez, a hundred leagues distant from Arkansas, and an eaual distance from New Orleans, but it not being very rich they attacked it in the night and carried off several persons to serve them as hostages. They hastened from there to L,uiin the habitations of the merchants. These required two of them to sign a promise of neutrality, and to give their word of honor to leave them in peace, but, after .^Mthering together a band of rascals of all nationalities, they began to pillage and ravage with a fury more worthy of tlie savages who surround us than of a civilized nation. And, as if the names of brigands was not enough for % I"' .•■/MP^-'SIl!:-*rv-,^Tr 'J^ ■i t I, > J . I' .1^- 284 EARLY ILLINOIS. them, they have wished to add that of perjurers, in refus- ing to give their share of the pillage to the ruffians who joined them only upon the promise to do so. In leavinL^ Manchac for New Orleans they left behind a dozen men to gather the animals together. A detachment comini^ from Pensacola by the lakes and the river D'Ibervillc, which is an offshoot of the Mississippi seventy miles from its mouth, killed three of them and led the rest captives to their garrison. Willing came in search of the animals and caused the houses to be set on fire. I forgot to say that upon their arrival at Manchac they surprised and boarded a frigate of eighteen cannon. Odious as may be their doings, the preservation of this country is due to their course of rapine and perjury. Mobile and perhaps Pensacola would perhaps have succumbed, if more desirous of conquest than of booty they had used more moderation, The partisans of the government, although to a great degree already disposed to take arms in their favor, would have been forced to do so by a band of adventurers, but that some seeing the devastations, and others the broken faith in depriving them of their share of the spoils, thought only of getting away secretly to Natchez. Willing, who was ignorant of this and who was counting on his adher- ents, sent after the pillagers two officers with thirty sold- iers in a vessel carrying six pieces of cannon. The inhabitants of Natchez, embarking to the number of six hundred, killed seven of their number, among whom were some officers, and have captured the rest. Willing used money by the handful to recruit soldiers at New Orleans, Such is as far as the present time, sir, the state of this expedition, the progress of which as your excellency may judge, may be attributed only to the conformity of senti- ment of the great part of the people of this country with the other Americans, which might have been kept under control by a few troops joined by those well disposed. H ! i i^ j^ BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 285 Tliese would have overawed our neighbors, whose fraudu- lent neutrality has been more fatal to us than a war, which Avould have permitted us to have put them out of the account before they had strengthened themselves. You will remember sir, that I have had the honor of pointing out to your excellency that there were arms and habiliments for more than a thousand men in the maga- zines of the King of Spain at New Orleans. Upon the arrival of Willing, there were taken away three or four thousand pieces of blue and white cloth, which under frivolous pretexts have been sold to the priests, while the merchants have not been able to procure any. More than two thousand pieces and a great quantity of powder have already been sold there, for the service of the colonies. Their agent will come down one of these days to load two vessels. It is hoped, by the means of the French and the Spanish, in case the Natchez stand firm, to take over three hundred pounds of powder destined down below for them, as well as the products of their robberies. Three bateaux have lately passed on the beautiful river, going from Fort Pitt loaded with provisions to New Orleans, with four hundred men. I have hastened off a part}' to get the start of them if possible, and to forewarn the Natchez, They say these bateaux will be constantly followed by others, so that this fail the beautiful river will be covered with bateaux carrying provisions, which they dare not confide to the sea, if your excellency does not sec to this promptly. The new Spanish Commandant has orders to construct four forts at the Illinois, where they expect a battalion this fall. They will form two in the City. The old officers, on half pay from France have places there, and the ships have gone to Vera Cruz in search of soldiers. Discourage- ment is extreme here among the inhabitants, from the practices of our neighbors and some of the native English, ■ i 1 ( '^1 !-5 I lli > ' ! ' ■] I i 286 EARLY ILLINOIS. much less patriots than the so called subjects, if these were backed up. But I repeat with regret that with troops the ground might have been held. Without this, nothing can be hoped from them, so greatly have they been made to fear. The Spanish have announced, to induce them to come to them, that they will give the means of subsistence during three years, ground, one pair of oxen, and the necessary implements for cultivating the soil. So far they have not been able to gain over any one, which is no small proof of the preference they feel for this government. But it is to be feared that the crisis they have now reached will cause this to disappear. If the government would run the risk of losing three or four hundred pounds sterling, which it would cost to export the harvest of the inhabi- tants of New Orleans who could be reimbursed by the sale, we should have the pleasure of seeing rise and fall, perhaps for ever, the Spanish battalion which can not subsist without provisions from this shore, their harvest having failed. It would be neither possible nor reason- able to prevent the inhabitants from selling to them un- less the failure could be proved to them. They could not draw these from the towns, except at immense expense and with invincible obstacles during winter, which would make them promptly renounce all projects of establish- ment. If I do regret not being rich, it is upon an occa- sion which furnishes us the means of avenging ourselves, without exposure and without consequences, upon a thousand enemies, and for acts of hostility to which I have to be all the more sensible, as, allowing something to circumstances, I have been prompt to do that which could injure them. The crew of the two bateaux which brought the new commandant have settled themselves in the habitations of the linglish, deserted by all that had escaped or been despised by the Americans. The proprietors have carried i \\ .l/.L:isM BRITISH ILLINOIS — ROCHEBLAVE PAPERS. 287 their complaints to New Orleans. I await a reply ta those I have brought here. I await with the greatest impatience the orders of your excellency, or rather I beg of you to give them to some other person a native l^nglishman, in order to escape the too common jealous- ies of some, who having merely the name, and whose affections are all for the Americans, are seeking to thwart all my efforts, intriguing with our neighbors and poison- iiiL,^ with the venom of their hearts the purest intentions. I assure you, sir, that, if I had the advantage of being born English, I should have retained but few of those who are here who seem to me to be the shame and dis- i^race of the nation. Let no one accuse me of prejudice, I'A'ery honest man has always his rights and I have certain ones exempt from national prejudice. A native Englishman would not have done for them what I have done, and for the same reason would have controlled them better. Reckless spirits for the most part, they thought that the government owed them every- thing and that they owed nothing to the government. They raise a cry for liberty in all that concerns them, while their minds and hearts are full of schemes of oppres- sion for all that does not pertain to themselves. Will your excellency deign to pardon the expressions coming from a heart shattered with grief which only fall upon the unworthy members of a race I have always admired and respected, and to whom I may say I have been assured of the esteem of all others, and of the generous and enlightened nations who might have been in their place. I beg you to see, sir, only an excess of zeal in the urL;ent solicitations I have the honor to make to you to send at once a body of troops here, to prevent the impor- tation of an immense quantity of all sorts of aid for the colonics. All the alarms I have sought to give will be only too well realized. We are upon the eve of seeing )l 'n Jl I I /I' • I I / I 288 EARLY ILLINOIS. 'l-i 1 i ■ \h fj'l ■■f here a numerous band of brigands who will establish a chain of communication which will not be easy to break, once formed. If by the schemes of the Spanish the Natchez are conquered, there will be established an armed force in this country. You have no time to lose to pre- vent this misfortune. If militia can be counted for any- thing at present, a person of discretion with troops would attract more adherents than would be believed. Inclina- tion is, in spite of abandonment and distress, still for the government, but it is more than time to revive their drooping courage or all will be lost here. The Indians are in general well enough disposed, but it is difficult to control them with so small a force, besides without numbers one can not inspire respect. All that can be done is to destroy the impressions that our neigh- bors and emissaries of the colonies seek to instil. I am struggling against this all I can, in order to gain time and keep the door open. My expenses since the twenty fourth of May of last year to the present time amounts to thirteen hundred and fifty seven pounds sterling, of which I have drawn upon Mons. Abbott for four hundred and four and a half, as set forth in the expenses of the first thirteen months, to be ■deducted if the account has been paid of which I am ignorant as yet. I draw upon Mr. Dunn for this sum, and implore your excellency to order this payment, beiiiL; overcome with demands. With a letter of credit upon some merchant accredited for a limited sum upon the merchants here, a saving might be made upon the expenses, and one would not be placed in a shameful and injurious dependence, but would be master of his undertakings. I will send the account by the first opportunity being too much occupied today. I entreat your excellency, if I can be of no more use here, when you replace me to grant some assistance to a father \ I 4 ^•>««*^^4.uwikU. -.11. HRITISII ILLINOIS — ROCHEHLAVE PAPERS. 289 of a family in pecuniary difficulties. I recommend myself to you and assure you of the respectful considertion with which I have the honor to be, sir, your very humble and obedient servant. ROCHEBLAVE. Fort Gage, the 4th of July, 1778. [Endorsed:] 1778, from Mr. Rocheblave, commanding at the Illinois of the 4th of July. Rec'd at Montreal, Canada, Enclosed in Lt. Govr. Hamilton's letter of the f)t]i August, marked Detroit No. 7. Rocheblave to Carleton. Translated from "Canadian Archives," Series 15. 97, i, p. i. Sir: — I steal a moment from my guards in order to have the honor of informing your excellency that the \\\g\\t of the fifth or sixth of July last three hundred rebels under the orders of Mr. Gierke [.''], the self-styled Colonel, arrived here where they have made me prisoner. The majority of the inhabitants knowing the manoeu- vres which had occurred in the lower part of the Missis- sippi were resolved to defend themselves, but the dealings of our neighbors, the Spaniards and the abuse of the treacherous English, especially those named Daniel Mur- ra)', Richard Winston and John Hanson, prevented them from doing it. There remained to me for a resource Mr. LcGros who prepared himself with forty men to come and join me from Fort Vincennes, where he is captain of militia, but the rebels having landed on the beautiful river, sixty leagues from here, crossed the neck of land which separates that river from this place, and prevented that. I regret so much the more that he did not arrive, as a number of men on seeing me supported would have joined themselves to us, and we would have been able to hold the balance of affairs in opposition to those who were destitute and in extremities. i^iiB r'i n I, f ,n it II 290 KARLY ILLINOIS, Uselessly for two years past, I have been representing the necessity of cutting off the communication between the beautiful river and the Mississippi, carried on with the Spaniards. It is open, and I hope that there does not result more inconvenience than I have predicted. I beg your excellency to pay the expenses for which I have drawn upon iMr. Dunn. I entreat you to have pity upon the family of Captain Hugh Lord left with mine without resource, their effects and mine having been for the most part seized and sold. I leave here a wife and seven chil- dren deprived of the first necessities of life. They say that I depart to morrow for the Congress. I recommend myself to you to be exchanged. I say nothing to you of my prison, which there is nothing like in Algiers. I have lost between Mr. Lord and myself in slaves, animals, goods and utensils, nine thousand piastres. I hope that your excellency will have regard to our families, and will cause them to receive some aid by the way of Mr. Dc Fcire, merchant at Montreal, who could give his orders to Mr. Cerre, merchant here. I have neither a good pen nor any other paper. Your excellency will excuse a prisoner who writes upon his knees. Sick as he is, the time has come when he must depart from the country. I have the honor to be with the most respectful consider- ation your excellency's very humble and obedient servant, ROCHEBLAVK. Fort Gage, the third of April, [August i>l 17- .* * The date of this letter, as copied from the "Canadiai ives," appear to be .-///'// 3, 1778, but this is a palpable error, as Rocht ve refers in it u> li is capture which took place in July, 1778. It probably wa> writ' 11 August 3, 1778, as he speaks of being made prisoner in "July last,'? and alsu nientiniu his probable departure the next day "for the Congress," that is to Virginia, and we know that he was sent to Williamsburg not long after his capture. It will be noticed that he says he was taken prisoner the night of the fifth or sixth of July, while all other accounts represent this as occurring on the niyht of the fourth of that month. — K. c. M. *}V •WAK'f l»W--'" COURT OF ENQUIRY AT FT. CHARTRKS By John Moses, Secretary Chicago Historical Society. ''I^HE "Illinois country," although ceded by the French () to Great Britani two years previously, in consequence f the armed opposition of its native proprietors, was not rctluced to actual possession, until the surrender of Fort (Jhartres, its capital, "with its barracks, magazines, and artillery," on October lO, 1765. It was not considered "sound policy" by the British government to encourage, nor even permit, British settle- ments within this newly-acquired territory. It was feared that they would not only weaken and retard the growth of tlio older communities on the Atlantic, which they desired to foster, but that the inhabitants would eventually become, as stated by the governor of Georgia, "a separate and in- dependent people who would set up for themselves,"""' Ihe country was to be held under a military govern- intiit, and the French inhabitants, less than two thousand in number, who elected to remain in the country were to be protected in their religion, and treated kindly, receiv- iiiL^r the same rights and privileges as native-born subjects of the king. Trade was to be encouraged, and the most friendly relations maintained with the Indians. riiomas Sterling, then a gallant young captain in the Forty-second Highlanders — the celebrated "Black- Watch" re 'inent — who subsequently fought his way up to a major- at ;ieralship and a baronetcy, to whom Fort Chartres was surrendered, remained in command but a short time, and Report of British Board of Trade," 27. 291 W( n >[ >\ \ ), 292 EARLY ILLINOIS. w. W-':^ M I' was succeeded by Maj. Robert Farmer in Dec, 1765, by Col. Edward Cole, in 1766-S, and he by Col. John Reed. The latter was relieved at his own request, and was fol- lowed Sept. 5, 1768, by '']o\\\\ Wilkins, Esquire, lieuten- ant-colonel of his majesty's Eighteenth or Royal regiment • of Ireland, and commandant throughout the Illinois country," as he described himself Upon learning that the country, where they had lived so long and thrived, had changed owners, a large portion of the French removed to the west side of the Mississippi. Those who remained became difficult subjects to govern, They regarded their new rulers as their hereditary ene- mies, and admired neither their laws, manners and cus- toms, nor their regulations concerning trade. A {e\w British families and soldiers from the fort oc- cupied some of the farms which had been abandoned by the French or sold for a nominal sum. The principal trading of the country, it appears, was in the hands of what was called "The Company," a firm composed of Boyn- ton, Wharton and Morgan. It dealt in cattle and pro- duce, and had stores at Kaskaskia and Fort Chartres. The French and Indians in their free-and-easy methods of dealing with each other had their disagreements, but these were easily settled in comparison with the more serious disputes which grew out of the tra ^e with their new neighbors. As a remedy for the evils of a strictly niilitary adminis- tration. Col. Wilk'ns, pursuant to orders from Gen. Ga^e, Nov. 21, 1768, granted commissions of the peace to seven of his subjects, English and French, who together were to "form a court of judicature to determine all causes of debt," but without the intervention of a jury. Geort,^^ Morgan, manager of "the company," who was very un- popular with the French on account of his supposed Iios- tile interests, was made the president of the court. !t BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENQUIRY. ll 293 The commardant was inclined to favor his appointee, the French petitioned and remonstrated a". Morgan has Settled M' Elliott on Land you thought belonged to the Planta- tion, you had agreed with Mr- Morgan to Improve, ac- cording to the Annex'd Articles, The Court would be glad to know the Boundaries of Said Plantation, also that you wou'd point out to them ihe many Grievances & Injuries you so heavily Complain of Receiving from M''. Morgan.^' "Bacon. — 'I Cannot point out the Boundaries of the whole, but I Can point out the Boundaries of that part of the Plantation now in Dispute.' "Court. — ' How Came it that M*"- Morgan pointed out the lioundaries of one side of the Plantation, without point- h ing out the Boundaries of ye whole.'' ^>M 'I- ( I I i . i > . ' 1 "1^ P I V' 298 EARLY ILLINOIS, "Answ. Hacon. — 'Mr. Morgan told mc that he did not know the Boundaries of the other Parts of the Plantation.' "Court. — 'VVlien the Agreement was made with Mesrs. Boynton, Wharton, k> Morgan, & you, Concerning the Improvement of said Plantation, that is to Say, when you first Enter'd into Articles of Agreement with them, did you then know, or understand, that M""- Morgan had any other Lands than the Lands Alluded to in the Articles of Agreement.^' "Ansr. Bacon. — 'All that I know of this matter is, that Mr. Morgan told me, that he had fourteen Acres of Land in Front, which land extends in length from the Roches leading to Kaskaskia, to the lianks of the Mississippi opposite thereto: But that about Six or Plight months afterwards, M""- Morgan told me that he had Purchased Eight Acres in P'ront, more, which I understood Join'd the first purchased Plantation on the Plast side.' "Question proposed by Mr. Morgan: — 'From whom Mr., Bacon did you Imagine I had purchas'd the last Plot of Land.?' "Ansr. Bacon. — 'I dont know. I never heard from whom." "Court.— 'Did vou know M^ Bacon that M'-- Morgan had any other Plantation, or Lands whatever, in the Country of the Illinois, at the Time you Enter'd into Articles with him.'*' "Bacon. — 'I know of none except the P'ourteen Acres iilready mentioned.' "Court. — 'If 3'ou dont know the Boundaries of )our Plantation, how came you to Imagine that M'- P^lliott has E^ncroach'd upon you.'*' "Bacon. — 'I know the Boundaries on the side next to Elliott.' "Question Mr. Morgan. — 'In what manner Mr. Bacon do you apprehend M'- Pllliott hath I^ncroahed upon you.'" "Bacon.— 'Mr. Elliott has Settled on a Place, which I mn maeisT BRITISH ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENOUIRY. 299 had Clear'd & made some Improvements upon, whereon is a Spring which I Hkewise had Cleared & made Con- venient for the watering of my Cattle, & hath also taken P(Xssession of a Shed or House which I had Built.' "Court. — 'Was this House or Shed just now mentioned, built, before M«". Morgan left the Illinois Country in the be;4inning of July 1769, or had you his Leave in writing or otherwise, to Build Said House or Shed?' "Bacon. — 'The House or Shed was not Built when Mr. Morgan left the Illinois Country in 1769, nor had I his lcav( in writing for Building of it. But I understood from what Mr- Morgan has frequently Said on talking of the Improvements of the Plantation now in Dispute that I might make Improvements & Build on the Land which M'- Morgan hath now settled M""- Elliott upon.' "Mr- Morgan. — 'Is Mr- Elliott Settled between the Face of the Roches & the Banks of the Mississippi.?' "M'' Bacon. — 'No, he is not. He is Settled on the Back part of the Roches.' "Mr. Morgan. — 'Did you M«"- Bacon make any use of the Shade or House which M^". Elliott now Occupies.-'' "Mr- Bacon.— 'No, I did not at the Time Mr- Elliott took Possession of it.' "Mr- Morgan. — 'Did not I tell you Mr- Bacon, when I Settled you upon my Plantation that I was not Certain, whether the Plantation wou'd extend to the P2astern Roche or not.-*' "Mr Bacon. — 'You did say that you was not Certain whether Your Plantation wou'd Extent from one Roche to the other or not; but that if it did not extend so far, you intended soon to Purchase the Adjoining Lands, & wou'd give me leave, in Consequence of Said Purchase, to make what Improvem^s- I thought might be necessary or advantageous to him Mr. Morgan & myself "Mr. Morgan. — 'Hath Mr- Elliott made any Improve- ', ii ll ■maai 300 EAKLV H.LIXOIS. \l U ments on the West Side of the Roches in the Grand Prairie?' "Mr- Bacon.— 'No, he has not.' "Mr. Bacon being desir'd by the Court to proceed to prove the Charge of Personal Abuse — he said as follows: 'Upon going, to Kaskaskia to Settle Accounts with M''. Morgan, & upon getting there Mr- Morgan Ask'd me if I had got the Staves Ready that he had been talking to me about some time before. On my telling him I. had not, Mr- Morgan Demanded my Reason. I told him that 1 Came to know how my Accounts Stood, before I cou'd do anything more to his Plantation. Upon which Mr- Mor- gan Call'd me a Damn'd Rascal & a Scoundral, & added that I had Deceiv'd him.' "Mr- Morgan. — 'Have you Mr- Bacon any P^vidence to prove that you Desir'd a Settlement with me at the Time you have alluded to.-*' "Mr- Bacon. — 'I have no Evidence Present. But one Lowdon a Servant of Mr- Morgan's was Present when Mr. Morgan & I had the Dispute, and I think he must have heard what Pass'd.' "Mr- Morgan Addressing himself to the Court Said - 'On finding that Mr- Bacon had repeatedly Said, that a Certain Gentlemen had told him, (Mr- Bacon) that I\I'" Morgan only intended to make a Slave of him; had brought down Mr- Illliott from F^- Pitt for the same pur- poses; & that neither of them wou'd ever get a Farthing for their Services; & that he (Mr- Morgan) on finding that Mr- Bacon had Repeated this in many places, did then say to him, that whoever that Gentleman was who told him so, he was A Rascal & a Scoundrel, & beg'd of Mr- Bacon to tell him so.' "Mr Bacon. — 'Did you not Mr- Morgan send for M"" Elliott & Consult with him about taking the whole of my Stock into his hands, »lc told him at the same time what mmsssr .;««' BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 301 ail advantageous matter it wou'd be to him? And also, did you not desire Mr- Elliott to find out if Possible what Sum I wou'd take to leave the Plantation?' "iM«"- Morgan. — 'I did propose to M»'. Elliott to purchase M' Bacon's Stock, finding him intirely Discontented & Cou'd not Divine for what? and I also added to M""- I'^lliott, that I wou'd advance the money for the purchase if liim (Mr. Elliott) & Mr- Bacon cou'd agree.' "M""- Morgan to M»"- Bacon. — 'Did you not hear me give particular Orders for you to be Supply'd with a Copy of your accounts before I left the Illinois Country in 1769?' "M«"- Bacon. — 'I heard you tell M»"- Brown to Supply me with the Copys of my Accounts, but M^- Brown never sent thcni [to] me.' "Air. Morgan. — 'Did I not Settle Accounts with you at the Plantation in May or June 1769, & in Presence of Mr. Brown after every Article you objected to in the Account?' " Mr. Bacon. — ' Mr- Morgan Did respecting the Fort Chartres Accots: only. I do not remember that the Kas- kaskia Accots. was Examined at that Time. And I think it was only my Private Accot: that was Examined.' U[)on this Mr. Morgan laid his Books before the Court. By .Said Books it appear'd that a great many Articles had been Alter'd both in his Publick k^ private Accounts. The CouKt gave Mr. Bacon by the request of Mr- Morgan a Cop\- of every Article in his Accounts to which he had made the least kind of objection, & desir'd him to make what alteration he thought proper — with this Remark — *I am iletcrmined not to differ with you Mr. Bacon, altho you lia\o used many unbecoming means in order to force me to it; " Ihe Court after Examining the whole of the Accounts brtwccn Mr- Morgan »Jc Mr- Bacon, in which it Appear'd that Mr. Morgan had granted every Indulgence, \:. even luid Indulged Mr- Bacon with making many of the Charges f i ll 1 302 EARLY ILLINOIS. ll I ', V i; I 1' '^ himself, thought proper to adjourn till to morrow morning Nine of the Clock, in Order to give M""- Bacon Sc his Friends Sufficient time to Recollect themselves. The Court being Determin'd to Examine into the Source of Every matter Exhibited by either Party." "September the 25th. 1770. The Court agreeable to adjournment met this morning at nine of the Clock. When Mr. Bacon Produc'd the Annex'd Paper, which was Read in Court by the Judge Advocate, all Parties Present, [:] « "Representations" by Mr. Bacon. "Gentlemen of the Court, in order to save you much Trouble, ^ that nothing may be Omitted I may think of Consequence to my Ca.se, I have transmitted my thoughts again to paper. What I Set forth in my Petition respect- ing Mr- Elliott is that he was Settled to my Prejudice, that is, his Vicinity isL the Encouragement given to him by Mr. Morgan is of great disservice to me, and Absolutely Con- tradictory to the intent Purport »!i: honest meaning of the 4th Article of our Agreement, whereby he is oblig'd to buy all Stock requir'd by me & in every respect to do his utmost to promote the Interest of said Plantation. Where- as on the Contrary he has Settled a man just under my Nose & made it his Business to deprive me of my Cus- tomers to serve him. "It is plain & Evident to any Impartial person, that it was impossible for me to make anything without Every Effort of Mr- Morgan, or I Shou'd never have agreed to Cede the Improvements and P2verything at the Expiration of the Term. With respect to the land — there is no Spot or quantity mention'd in the Articles. It was P3qual to me where, how much or how little if Sufificient for my present purpose, & it is not to be Suppos'd that I wou'd go and improve upon another man's land if I knew it; the land mention'd in the Articles is said to be in the Grand Prairie, mm mmt ■■M HRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENOUIRV 303 whereas my Improvements arc for the greatest part not in the Prairie, Chiefly on the west side thereof & butt upon tlie Roches, where it is not to be suppos'd I wou'd have Settled had I not been told by M"*. Morgan : he at the same time gave me leave to build upon either one side of the Roches or the other which wou'd have taken in near Twenty Acres of Land, I still think M'- Winston highly necessary to be Call'd upon relative to what I said yesterday, & do with Submission ask it as a favor of this honble Court, that I may be allow'd to Call upon such Evidences as may be necessary to Corroborate what ever I have Asserted. "Mr. Morgan might Assert with some small degree of Truth, I will allow, that he wou'd give up his Share of the plantation for what it Cost him, meaning I Suppose agreeable to the Accots: Stated between him & me. But the Gentlemen of the Court will please to Consider that he has already made his money by furnishing & Stocking said Farm, & might think himself well off if he got good iV: immediate payment for his part thereof. At present however that is not so Easily Reconcl'd either. Because Mr l^lliott declar'd to me that Mr. Morgan had told him we had Clear'd 9000 Livres the first year. If so, the de- crease of Expence and Increase of Stock & additional [mprovements must Certainly Add greatly to the annual Product. "To Convince you Gentlemen that tho I was immedi- ately dissatisfied with the Settlement of Mr. Elliott, and that I am not so difficult to please, I told Mr. Morgan at the Commencement of this Affair that I wou'd much rather quit the plantation k> Settle Another piece of Ground than remain there: upon which he ask'd me what I wou'd do with my Cattle k, Stock; I told him I wou'd leave 'em with Mr. Elliott, and wou'd Accept of what he thought proper to allow me for my Industry, The answer he made was, that would not do, & desir'd me to walk to Mr- Elliott's & desire him to leave that place. 1 ■t ',' ' 304 EARLY HJJNOIS. t I i; I : 1,1 "These Assertions of mine Gentlemen I think of weight to me cV' it is the phice of M>"- Morgan to disprove them or they must hold Good. •'Among other things I have to mention, from among the Cattle which came from Post S^- Vincent, he took four or five of the Cows ..V: kept them all Summer, after which he return'd them to me in a very poor Condition, »S: he fre- quently sends for Cattle for his own use, ^ orders in favor of other people at what price he thinks proper, k pur- chases in the same manner without ever Consulting witli me at all upon the Subject, "He has at present a Negro belonging to the plantation at his own house at Kaskaskias which he detains; but what is most Notorious that he is now in possession of an Ox Charg'd to the plantation last year among the 26 head of Cattle which I receiv'd from Post S^- Vincent which as yet he has made no mention of to me. Now if this is true what wou'd such a Clandestine detention amount to in any •other man, ».^' a poor one too. "I Came to the Knowledge of this matter by means of Mr- P^Uiott who Inform'd mo, upon asking, if such an ox as that was amongst the number come from the Post, told me that by the discription it was the same, & that M' Morgan ofifer'd him all the Cattle but that & one more which he intended to kill, at the same Time he told M' Elliott that if he attempted to take that Ox to the Plan- tation he wou'd run away from him; upon this Mr- Elliott ask'd him if the Ox had ever been there before, in answer to which M""- IVIorgan replied that he had not, for that in Attempting to drive him there he ran away; besides this. Gentlemen, I have seen the Ox myself, v^" am Certain of its being the same. "Mr. Morgan, Gentleman, has too or three times men- tion'd yt he knew I was advis'd, by which he wou'd Seem to intimate that I was insensible of my own Injury, & that Jrn. imiTISlI IM-INOIS— ( OURT OF KNQUIKV 305 some ofificious mcdling & Malignant person had urg'd me [n these Steps. Wherefore in Common Justice to the Suspected I do hereby declare, that I was from my feel- ings as a man & a consciousness of the ill treatment I met uitli resolv'd & did Communicate my Sentiments to M'^- Morgan unadvis'd in any respect whatsoever; Nay the Personal abuse alluded to in my Petition was given me before I Communicated any Particular Circumstances relative thereto, & till then did not think matters wou'd have become so Serious. "I shall in the Course of the proceedings answer any further questions the Court may think proper to ask me & Explain whatever may not appear Clear or Satisfactory. (Sign'd) Richard Bacon."- " Mr- Bacon also presented to the Court a Copy of the Articles he, (M""- Bacon,) had made objections to, and which was furnish'd him by the Court the preceding day b)- particular desire of M""- Morgan, without having made any Alteration whatever therein, but Submitted the Charges to the Determination of the Court. The Court, after weighing, & maturely Considering every Charge, after allowing M""- Bacon every Indulgence Possible De- ducted the Sum of Two Hundred & Seventy Livres which Sum Mr. Morgan readily agreed to give M*"- Bacon Cred^- for, & gave him Credit for said Sum accordingly in his l^ooks, before the Court. M«". Morgan addressing himself to the Court, said he was much concern'd, that M*"- Bacon h.id not pointed out those Charges before, as he wou'd willingly have made Deductions wherever M''- Bacon thought himself Aggriev'd, or overcharg'd, and observ'd that most of the Charges which Mr- Bacon objected to were made in his Absence, which Observation Appeared manifestly authentick by Mr- Morgan's Books. ' llndorsed : " The Copy of Representation of matters deliver'd to the Court by Mr. Bacon the 25th Septr: 1770. No. 2." 3o6 EARLY ILLINOIS. •r' h ,i \: if "Mr- Bacon dcsir'd that Mr- Croghan shou'd be Examiii'd, with respect to the Overchaige of Two Horses, Two Oxen, & one cart & Geers, which Mr- Morgan had Charg'd him (Mr. Bacon) Eighteen Hundred Livres for. "Mr- Croghan, being ask'd by M"*- Bacon whether La Source did not offer him a pair of Horses & a Cart & Gears for one Thousand Livres — Answered — 'La Source did offsr me a pair of Horses and a Cart & Geers for one Thousand Livres, and at tiie same Time hinted that he wou'd be glad to get a Negro for said Horses &c, & pay the difference.' "Another Article ^hiit Mr- Bacon objected to, was a Charge of Three Thousand & Eighty Livres, Charg'd by Mr- Morgan for Twenty Six Head of Cattle, Brought, & Deiiver'd him at the Plantation from Post S^- Vincent. "The Court desir'd Mr- Winston (Looking upon him as a Judge of those Matters) to give his opinion regarding the prices Mr- Morgan had Char'd Mr- Bacon for said Cattle. Mr. Winston, after Examining the particular prices Charged by Mr- Morgan for the Twenty Six head of Ca^ tie Complain'd of by Mr- Bacon said, that, he thought at the Time they were bought by Mr- Morgan, the Charges were very moderate, Viz. at one hundred & Twenty Li- vres pr. head for Cows, & One hundred & Eifty Livres for Ikillocks, three years Old and upwards; which was [what] Mr. Morgan had Charg'd Mr- liacon, as appear'd by M'' Morgan's Books. Mr- Winston obscrv'd to the Court, that he Spoke from Experience, having often bought Cattle at Post S'- Vincent, i / 310 EARLY ILLINOIS. "Representations" by Mr. Bacon. "Gentlemen — With all defiferfence and respect I must once more Entreat your forgiveness in observing that the point- ing out the Bounds of M«". Morgan's purchase of Seven Acres can have nothing to do with the nature of my Com- plaint. In the first place, there is no bounds mention'd in tiie Articles, and Mr- Morgan never pointed out this place to nie before; had he told me to have Cultivated that Spot at first I shou'd Certainly have done it &u not have throw n away my time »fc labour upon a place which at that Time at least did not belong to him. Notwithstanding this I again declare that he told me to built «k: Improve where I have. •'With respect to the General Charges of the Slave either of Fort Chartres or Kaskaskias I dont urge that as a matter of Consequence, tho M«". Morgan is a great gainer thereby, I allude to Some Particular «&: Extraordinar\ ones, purchases made by that Gentleman. " Mr- Tanley no doubt Chai-g'd me as he did other people & had a view naturally to the Interest of his Employers, he himslf cou'd reap no benefit thereby, In Short may it please this Honourable Court I have said iS: deliver'd in writing all that I have at present to Say upon the Subject, which you will no doubt take into your Con- sideration «S: Submit the Same to your Impartial Judi;- ment. Concluding with this declaration that I shall Come To no Compromise with Mr- Morgan, who tho he pretends to Say he will yet make things Satisfactory, has as I have observ'd before put me off from time to time & abus'd me for Demands So Jiust and reasonable. "With respect to the Indians owing Mr- Morgan Money I see no Reason why my property Shou'd Suffer in Secur- ing it. "One Frederick Dunfield a Butcher came from M' Morgan's to the plantation to kill some Oxen for me. iV BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 311 told me that he had kill'd some Cattle for M>". Morgan. I ask'd him where he got them, he told me from Beauvais, I ask'd him what Sort of Cattle they were, he told me that one was a very large Ox that had a piece of wood on his liorns, & that the others was a Black Cow, & a black and white Cow, — About four or five months after I went Down to Settle with Mr- Morgan & in the Credit of his accot- I did not See the Above Cattle Enter'd, & then Immedi- ately told him that he had not given me Credit for all the Cattle he had kil'd; he ask'd me what Cattle they were; I told him some of them he bought of Beauvais, he told mc he had never kil'd one of them, I desird him to let Mr, Brown go with me to M""- Beauvais & perhaps they might know Something about them, which he did & they told him Mr- Morgan had kill'd the Ox with the wood on his horn, & as to the Cow or any more they knew nothing About; We went back to Mr- Morgan & told him what they had told us, upon that M""- Morgan gave Credit for the Ox, & the Cow was Set down Stray'd. " I am Gentlemen with many unfeign'd thanks for the trouble you have had in this Affair, with the utmost respect. Your most Oblig'd & most Obcd^- hum'^le Servant. Sign'd RiCHi^- Bacon."* "In a Paper Deliver'd to the Court by Mr Bacon the 25iliSeptemr- He there Complains of An Ox, which M' Morgan had Detain'd from him in the following words — 'but what is most notorious is that he is now in Posses- sion of An Ox Charg'd to the plantation last Year Among the Twenty Six head of Cattle which I rcceiv'd from Post St X'incent, which as yet he has made no mention of to me, now if this is true, what woud Such a Clandestine Detention, Amount to in Any Other Man — and a Poor line too.' * "TIr' Copy of Representation of Matters Deliver'd to the Court the 27th >i'ptenil)«f 1770. (Sign'd) Richard Bacot, No. 3." 21-34-6 v.; I ■ (.! w 312 EARLY ILLINOIS. 1' |i l-ii "Question propos'd by the Court to M""- Bacon: — 'Did You M»- Bacon point out the Ox Complain'd of? or Did you ever Demand him of M«". Morgan?' "Mr- Bacon. — *No, — I never did.' "Court. — 'Did you M""- Bacon ever hear that M>"- Mor- Sfan used means or endeavour'd to use Means to Conceal this 0.x from you?' "M'- Bacon. — 'By no other way, than by what Mr- Elli- ott told me. ' c "Court. — 'Mr- Elliott please relate to the Court, what you know, Concerning the Ox Alluded to by Mr- Bacon, & which is now in Possession of M'- Morgan?' "Mr- Elliott. — 'I went down by M""- Morgan's request to Kaskaskia to Look at some Cattle which M'- Morgan pro- pos'd Selling to me. Among the Cattle there was one which Mr. [Morgan] Excepted, as he said he Imagin'd he wou'd run away, as he had already made his Escape twice from [those] he had Appointed to drive him. Some little Time after I came home to my plantation, Mr. Bacon came there & Describ'd a Number of Cattle which he had lost, and amongst them One, very much like the Ox above ex- cepted by Mr- Morgan, I told Mr- Bacon, that it was very probable, that this might be the Ox, Especially as Mr. Morgan excepted Selling of him. I alsohear'd, but not from Mr- Morgan, that Mr. Morgan intended to kill Said Ox.' "Court to Mr- Bacon. — 'Did you Mr. Bacon, in Conse- quence of the Information given you by Mr- Elliott, go down to Kaskaskia to Inquire After this Ox of Mr- Morgan?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'I went down to see if it was the Same ( ^v but did not Inquire after him.' "Court. — 'Where was the Ox when you saw him?' "M'- Bacon. — 'He was in the Yard with the rest of the Cattle.' "Court. — 'Where do you apprehend, Mr- Bacon, the <>x was when you first went to look after him?' •MMHWa BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 313 "M''- Bacon. — 'I don't know.' "Court. — *\Vhat time of the day was it, when you first went to look After the OkT "Mr- Bacon. — 'It was about an hour and a half or two hours before Sun Set.' "Court. — *\Vhen you knew the Ox to be yours, Mr. r.acon, why did you not demand him of Mr- Morgan.?' "Mr. Bacon. — 'The Reason I did not demand him, was, that I had found Colonel Wilkins had ordered a Court of liK[uiry to Sit to Settle matters between Mr- Morgan & mc;' "Mr. Morgan Address'd himself to the Court & Said, tliat when Ensign Hutchins & Ens. Richardson was at my liDuse, at Kaskaskia, whither or not they think I took l)ains to Conceal that Ox; on the Contrary, if he was not always with the rest of the Cattle; and as he was a very Fat Ox, if all of us were not making remarks upon him.? "I'nsign Hutchins, & Ens: Richardson, said — that they saw that Ox in Common with the others & that they were making Remarks with Mr- Morgan on his Fatness: — and l>.s: Hutchins adds that he understood him to be a Run away, he (Ens: Hutchins) advis'd Mr- Morgan to kill him, as he was in such high Condition. On which Mr- Morgan said he wou'd. Ens. Richardson observ'd that Mr- Morgan told him, he had made a Calculation, to find, if he cou'd l)c dispos'd of at Kaskaskia & Sent his Brother in Law AI' Hoynton to sound the Inclination of the French People -but as they were not dispos'd to Buy, was under the ccssity of letting him Run." Mr- Morgan observ'd to the Court, that on Mr- Bacon I'elivering the Annex'd paper to the Court, wherein he < tuplains heavily of him (Mr. Morgan) Detaining the Ox in 'juestion, he went down to Kaskaskia to Inquire into ■he I'ruth of it, he being entirely Ignorant of the matter, t being the first time that ever Mr- Bacon mention'd the 5' i: >%" I 314 EARLY ILLINOIS. ■I /; ',■1 I • 1 . I n 1 '«> matter to him. Upon Inquiring of a French Man who brought him from Post S^- Vincent, He found that the Ox- had been deHver'd to Mr- Bacon at the Plantation ; Mi Morgan proceeds & Says — 'I therefore intend to Sell him for the most I can get, or take him on my own Account & sfive the Plantation Credit for the Value.' "Mr. Bacon to Mr- Brown. — 'Did M""- Brown never tell Mr- Morgan, that I had lost Cattle, & that they were Stray'd to Post St- Vincent,^' "Mr. Brown.— 'I told Mr- Morgan, that Mr- Bacon had lost Seven or Eight Cattle, out of the Twenty Six head of Cattle he had receiv'd from Post S^- Vincent & Several Others.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Whether you Mr. Brown did not tell mc, that this very Ox in Question had Stray'd to Post St. Vin- cent.-*' "Mr. Brown. — 'I do not remember [that] I did. I did not particularize any Ox.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'What is the reason, Mr. Morgan, on yoiir Receiving the last drove "of Cattle from Post St. Vincent you did not acquaint mc of it particularly, when you knew you had receiv'd all the Cattle but four that were Missini;?' "Mr. Morgan. — 'I Knew that you Mr. Bacon cou'd he no Stranger to their Arrival, as it was Notorious, thro the Country, Also I had Seen Mr. Bacon Viewing of the Cattle on Saturday the 22d Instant, which was the fiiit time I had Seen Mr. Bacon after their Arrival.' "xMr. Bacon to Mr. Elliott. — 'Did I not tell you Mr. Elliott, that I had lost Several Cattle, & that I heard one of them had Stray'd to Post St. Vincent. !*' "Mr. Elliott.— 'Yes, you did tell me so.' "Mr. Bacon to Anto. Renaue. — 'How many head of Cattle was it, that Mr. Morgan Order'd you to bring from Post St. V^incent, the last time you went there.^' "Anto: Renaue. — 'I had orders from Mr. Morgan, to 1- URITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 315 bring all the Cattle I cou'd find of His. I found Ten which I brought & heard that four had died.' "Bacon. — 'Did you understand that Fourteen Cattle was all that Mr. Morgan had at Post St. Vincent.?' "Anto: Renaue. — 'I understood from the people that deliver'd them to me that Mr. Morgan had no more than fourteen head of Cattle at Post St. Vincent. One of the Ten above mention'd was Drown'd in Crossing the Kas- kaskia River.' "Mr. Bacon to Mr. Morgan. — 'Did you Mr. Morgan never hear, or receive any Account of the Two Cows Charg'd to the plantation, which-you bought from Madam Xichola.?' "Mr. Morgan.— 'I Dont Recollect I ever did, but it shall be Enquir'd into & Justice done.' "Mr. Bacon to Antoine LaSource. — 'What Value do you put on the two Oxen, Two Horses, & one Cart & Gears; at the time that Mr. Morgan made the Exchange with you for a Negroe.-*' "Monsr. LaSource. — 'I fix'd no particular Value on the Two Oxen, Two Horses, & Cart & Gears. But Excang'd them with Mr. Morgan for a Negroe, which negroe I had my Choice of from four or five, or more.' "Mr. Bacon. — 'Did you Monsr. LaSource look upon the Net,rroe you Receiv'd from Mr. Morgan, to be a Sound Xt'L^roe, & in health, & worth Eighteen hundred Livres.?' "Monsr. LaSource. — 'I had him Examin'd by Monsr. Bluen. I look'd upon him as a Sound good Negroe, and well worth PZighteen hundred Livres, as Negroes Com- monly Sold at that time for Two Thousand Livres.' "Mr. Morgan to LaSource. — 'Please relate to the Court Monsr. La Source, how this Negroe turn'd out, and how you are now pleas'd with him.''' "Monsr. La Source. — 'I never wou'd desire a better Xci^foe than he has turn'd out to be, and am now Ex- ■ )\ 316 EARLY ILLINOIS. i\> n trcamly well plcas'd with the bargain I made with Mr. Morgan.' "Mr. Bacon to Monsr. La Source. — 'What Age was tho Cattle, and what did you value them at, that Mr. Morgan got from you for the Negroe.^' "Monsr. La Source. — 'I Cannot put A Value upon them at this Time as I put no value upon them at the Time I agreed with Mr. Morgan. I Exchang'd them for a Negroc with Mr. Morgan which he likewise set no Value Upon. The Cattle was between three tt four years old.' "Mr. Bacon to Mons. La Source. — 'Did you not Monsr. LaSourse pay Mr. Morgan some difference regarding the Exchange you made with him for the Negroe.^' "Monsr. La Source. — 'No. Nothing at all. But on tlic Contrary Mr. Morgan gave me One Hundred & Fifteen Livres & a Side of Tanned Leather Value Thirty Livres.' "This appears to be a very just & Impartial Account of the matter, as appears by Mr. Morgan's Books, also by a Bill of Sale & Receipt which is as follows: "'I Certify that I have Bought & Receiv'd of Monsr, Antoine La Source Two Oxen, Two Horses with a Cart & Gears, for which I have paid and deliverd to him one Male Negroe & one hundred & Fifteen Livres on account. 30th April 1768. Geo. Morgan.' "By a Paper deliver'd to the Court this morning which is herewith Annex'd, & which was Publickly Read by tin; Judge Advocate, All Parties being present; Mr. Bacon there Says — 'Mr. Morgan, who, tho he pretends to say, he will yet make things Satisfactory, has as I have observe! before, put me off from time to time and Abus'd me for Demands so Just and Reasonable.' Three letters being produc'd in Court by Mr. Bacon, Wrote to him by Mr. Morgan. Said Letters by the request of Mr. Bacon were Publickly read in Court by the Judge Advocate. It ap- pear'd to the Court that they abounded with the most '-H**^'^ I BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENOUIRV. 317 wliolcsome »fc; Good advice to Mr. Bacon; and Clearly indicated that Mr. Morgan wish'd to Settle the Plantation Accots. with him as soon as Possible. "Mr. Morgan inform'd the Court that Mr. l<:iliott was {)rcsent when he Impress'd a Settlement of Accounts with 'S\\: Bacon, own hand, giving him full possession of the Lands I am r.RITISlI ILLINOIS — COURT OF ENOUIRY. 321 now Settled upon — And that this permission extended to A Run about half a mile East from where I am Settled, to another Run, on the west of where Mr. Bacon lives, on the Land towards the liack of the Roches. I asked Mr. Uacon if he was Certain of this. He answerd me — that he was Very Certain, for he had the permission in his hand j writing] & that he read it,' '"Mr. Bacon likewise acquainted me that Mr. Rumsey had asked of him, if ever he had told me, that he (Mr, Rum- sjy) was in possession of Such an Order or Permission. Mr. Bacon told Mr. Rumsey that he had not Spoke to me About it, Mr, Rumsey then told Mr, Bacon that he might tell me, that he (Mr, Rumsey) had such an Order, or Per- mission in his possession. Mr. Rumsey at the same time it seems lixpress'd his Concern for my being put to So much Inconvenience & Distress, & said that he wou'd do me the favour to Apply to Colonel Wilkins for any Tract of Land that was not already possessed; and that as I had Come into the Country, on purpose to Settle, that he wou'd fur- nish me with money, or any Necessarys that I requir'd till Such Time as I cou'd Conveniently pay him.' "Mr. Morgan to Mr, Elliott, — 'Was this proposal made by Mr. Rumsey, thro the Channel of Mr. Bacon, Since Mr. P)acon Lodged the Camplaint Against me with Colonel Wilkins.?' "Mr. Elliott.— 'Yes— I understood that Mr. Bacon had Lodged a Complaint against you with Colonel Wilkins.' "Mr. Bacon, Observ'd to the Court, that after he had (leliver'd the Colonel's Letter to Mr. Morgan at Kaskaskia, In Returning from hence he met Mr. Elliott, after having some Conversation together Concerning Colo. Wilkins's turning him off the Plantation vfec; He told Mr. P2lliott, that Mr. Rumsey had a Plantation, and that he des'rd to say that Mr, Rumsey would Settle him upon it; or if he wou'd apply to Colonel Wilkins he made no doubt that ,1. 1^ 322 EARLY ILLINOIS, Colo. Wilkins wou'd. Mr. Bacon denys that he ever told Mr. Elliott that he Saw an Order from Colonel Wilkins giving Mr. Rumsey Possession of said Land; But that Mr. Rumsey told him he had an order from Colo. Wilkins to take Possession of the Lands Mr. Elliott is now Settled upon. "Mr. Morgan Observes to the Court, that as Mr. Bacon, has given it under his hand, that he will come to no Com- promise with him, and has also verbally declar'd, that if he did not obtain the Satisfaction he wish'd for, from this Court, he wou'd make the most he cou'd by the Plantation, & leave every thing in such a Huggermugger way, that He (Mr. Morgan) wou'd never be able to make anythinij by it. He therefore humbly presumes to hope, that this Court will Oblige Mr. Bacon to find some kind of Secur- ity for the true Performance of his Agreement with him, as pr. Annex'd Articles of Agreement. "Mr. Bacon Denies saying that he wou'd leave the plan- tation in the bad way represented above, or in any other way. "Mr. Morgan Desires that Ens: Hutchins will relate to the Court, what he heard Mr. Bacon Say, when he (Mr. Morgan) propos'd to him, to Appoint Two Gentlemen to Settle their Afifairs, and that he, (Mr. Morgan) wou'd go to any place Mr. Bacon wou'd Appoint, and take his Books along with him. "Mr. Hutchins Informs the Court that he heard Mr. Bacon Say that he wou'd leave it to no other Person but Colonel Wilkins. Mr. Morgan said it was very well, ^^' that he wou'd Refer to the Articles of Agreement which was very Clear. Upon which Mr. Bacon reply'd — 'Is that the way you intend to Come Over me.?* Upon which Mr. Morgan, said, that he Imagin'd, the Phrase had its Deriva- tion from New England being both uncommon & ungen- teel. ^^^ BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENOUIRV. 323 "Mr. Morgan Observes to the Court, that as Mr. Bacon has denied Some things which he has related to the Court particularly with respect to his leaving the plantation, hop'd the Court wou'd allow Mr. Elliott to point out where he has Erred. "Mr. Elliott declares that as him .nd Mr. Bacon were riding together, that Mr. Bacon did then Say, that he wou'd make what he Cou'd by the plantation & leave every thing in a Huggermugger Way. Mr. Morgan being on his Defence, says that he went to the Plantation with Mr. Windsor Brown and Mr. Patrick Kennedy (they both speaking French) to get the French People, from whom he purchas'd the Lands, to point out the Boundaries of said Laiids. Monsr. Louviere from whose father I purchas'd the Tract of Land on which M. Bacon is now Settled, and for which Land I have produc'd Monsr. Louveire's Deed Dated the lOth March 1768 pointed the Boundaries out to us. It begins at the point of A Roche, where hath been a Lime Kiln — a few Perches from the west side of a Run of water, that you Cross in Entering the Grand Prairie going From Fort Chartres to Kaskaskia. Mons. Louveire Pointed, and saic, it was from thence towards the East Roche Six or Seven Acres in Front, and that the same I'^xtended from those Roches Southward lO the Mississippi, lie then went to Shew us how far the Seven Acres did I'xtend, and took us to a lane or Passage, which Mr. Bacon had left between Two Corn Fields, & said that there, or thereabout, was the Boundary which his Father had Shewn to him. Monsr. Boutelet also went with us, and informed us that the land which he sold to me, (agreeable to the Deed which I have already Shown to the Court, Dated the 15th March 1769,) began where Monsr. Louveire's Land Ended, at a run Eastward Six Acres in Front, Appearance I thought it was the Ox, Yet I cou'd not venture to make Oath that it was.' Bonthorn Adds, / 1-^ f 354 EARLY ILLINOIS. il > I I Hi "A Breach of the Articles of Agreement, being the only matter in Our Opinion, Bacon shoud have attended to, yet this was Artfully Avoided : and when Mr. Morgan was desiring & Impressing Mr. Bacon to prove His allega- tions with respect to A Breach in the Articles of Agree- ment, Colo: Wilkins being presont repremanded him; and told him that he disturb'd the Court; and also said in open Court, that he was Convinced Mr. Morgan was Guilty of a Breach of Articles; and that the Court had no Right to give Sentence, only to give their Opinion. "The Court thinks that they were Interrupted in their proceedings by Colonel Wilkins being present; and also thinks that Colonel Wilkins from what he said looks upon the Gentlemen that constitute this Court in so Cypherical & Indifferent a sense, as to be Incapable of giving an honest Impartial Opinion. This the Gentlemen of the Court are sorry to observe, and it is with the utmost con- cern they mention it. But from Colonel Wilkins allowing of an Appeal, thro the Channel of Himself; couch'd in a collection of words foreign to the Dispute ; Replete with bitter Ill-timed Invective; with Impertinent & Groundless Reflections, and with A Variety of False, Scandalous, & Imaginary Assertions, they cou'd not with Safety, & Jus- tice to themselves. Pass it Over altogether Unnotic'd. "What they have done, has been done Cooly & Deliber- ately; is the Dictates of honest, upright Hearts, Supported by clear & uninterrupted Imaginations; Free, & unfetter'd, by malice. Envy, Prejudice or Partiality, we have here- unto Annex'd our Opinions. Conscious of this (tho much concern'd for Differing so widely in Opinion from Colonel Wilkins) we have Subscrib'd our Names, without Trembling with Guilt, as Bacon wou'd Intimate, or without Shaking for the consequences." "The Court in Consequence of Colonel Wilkin's Orders of the 1 6th of this Instant met to revise their Proceedings, BRITISH ILLINOIS— COURT OF ENQUIRY. 355 and Sentence pass'd the 4th of this Instant on a matter of Difiference between Geo: Morgan Esqr. & Mr. Richard Bacon, as also to answer such Remarks, and Observations, as Colonel Wilkins had made on said proceedings, And after having carefully Revis'd f ;j proceedings, & Exam- in'd what other Witnesses Mr. Bacon Call'd upon to Sup- port his charges, as well as Read and HeedfuUy meditated on his Remonstrance, and his paper deliver'd to the Judge Advocate the i8th Instant; are unanimously & Firmly of Opinion, that his Remonstrance, as well as paper of the 1 8th, are Infamous, Impertinent Libels, on the Proceed- ings of the Court; And that neither they, nor the wit- nesses he has call'd upon, has in any Degree whatever, Prov'd, that Mr. Morgan has oppress'd Mr. Bacon, & therefore we must beg leave to Refer Lieut. Colonel Wil- kins to the Sentence or Opinion given by us the 4th of October, which is Annex'd to the Proceedings, and which we must out of regard for our own Honour, as well as Justice to the parties concern'd Religiously Abide by. "And we do hereby Refer Lt. Colo. Wilkins To said Sentence or Opinion Accordingly. (Sign'd) A. Fowler, Lt. in iSth or Royal Irish Regt: of Foot, Acting D'y Judge Advocate. ' Lewis Wynne, Lt. & Presdt. Alex.r. Fowler, Lt. \ i2 Thos. Hutch ins, Ens. 60th Regt: (^^ Wm. Richardson, Ensn: i | [Wm. Conolly, Ensn:"* ) "^ Sign'd; The court certainly came out ahead in the matter of the rehearing. It not only reaffirmed its former judgment and reiterated in additionally strong language its former opinion of the defendant, but insinuated as positively as it could, * Endorsed: — "Minutes on the Revisal of a Court of Enquiry on a Matter of Difference between Geo : Morgan Esqr : & Mr. Richard Bacon, Commencing the i6th & Ending the 20th October 1770." hi^ I! 156 KAHLY ILLINOIS. within courteous bounds, its opinion of the commandant. It was doubtless out of this and other like proceedings, and his disposition to make grants of land to favored pur- chasers, reserving an interest for his own benefit, that there grew up a very bad state of feeling in the Illinois country between the commandant and the different classes of citi- zens, which increasing in factional bitterness finally resulted in bringing charges against Col. Wilkins for mal-adminis- tion, especially in charging the government with sums ex- pended for his private account. He invited an investiga- tion and tendered his resignation in September, 1771, but was not superseded in his command until the following spring, when he left for New York and sailed for London in July, 1772.'-^ We have no account of the result of the investigation, nor of the colonel's subsequent career, except that it is stated that he died or left the army at the close of the year 1775, his name not thereafter appearing on the army- list.t * Brymner's "Calendar of Canadian Archives, report of 1884," pages 54 and 56. t "Colonial History of New York," VIII, 185. iik.L FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, Nos. 31, 32, 33, b n d 34. INDEX TO EARLY ILLINOIS PARIS I, II, III, AM) IV. .\l)be, Fran^oi-s Noize, dit 1', St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 81, 85, 90, ^i. Abbott, Lieut. -Gov. Kdwarcl, at Vin- cenne.5, 242, 242 n, 262, 264, 265, 267, 272, 273, 277, 279, 28011, 288. Aboite River, 208 n. Acadians, Rocheblave's plan for set- tling on the Mississippi, 249. Adams, John (^uincy, president, 21, 40. I34- Aime, Charles, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 17S3, 66. Alaint, , head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1790, 77. Allaire, Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85- Allard, Augustin, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Allard, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Allary (Alary, Alari), Baptiste, 74. AUary, Bazil, Kaska.skia militia, 75, 85, 95- Allary, Clement, head of family, (.aho- kia, 1783, 67, 70, 71; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 88. Allary, Domitilde, widow, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Allary (Alary), Lieut. Jean Bap., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 67, 70, 71, 73, 85, 93; Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 84, 85, 88. Allary, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1*783, 70. Allary, Marie, wid. of Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 71. Alleghany Mountains, 19, 100, 156. Allemand, Jean 1', head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Allison, John, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 61. Almon's "Remembrancer, "cited, 244n. Alphonsn, , St.CIair-Co. militia, 1790, 88. Alps, France, 231. Amelin, Laurent, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 71; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 88. American Fur-Co., 44, 45, 46, 47, 49. "American State Papers," cited, 58 n, 103 n, 120 n. 127 n, i2Sn, 251 n. .Vnderson, David, juror in Rice- Jones murder case, 149. Anderson, John, juror in Rice-Jones murder case, 149. Anderson, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76?, 85. Andre, Jean, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 61. Andre, jr. (Jean ?), entitled to dona- tion, 95. Andre Sonn, , res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Andrews, Joseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. " Annals of Congress," cited, Ii7n. Antalliard, Felicite, wid, J. B. Dumas, head of fam., St. Clair Co., 1783, 71. Antaya, Antoine, jr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Antaya, Antoine Pelletier, sr., dit, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 86,87 Antaya, Michel, dit Pelletier, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 69; 1790, 76; St. Clair-Co. mil., 71, 73, 84, 88, Antaya, Toimetre, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74. Apalachians, 272. "Appleton's Cyclopadia of Biogra- phy," cited, 22. Archambeau, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 82, 88. Ardouin, , head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68. Ardoin, , heirs of, in St. Clair Co.,. 1783, 70, 71- a t- 358 EARLY ILLINOIS, m pi Arkansas Territory, 136. Arkouet, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Armstrong, John, secretary of war, 2'. 39- Arundel, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 88. Ashley, Gen. Wm. H., senator from Arkansas, 123. Ask in, John, letter to, cited, 2560. Astor, John Jacob, 45. Atchison, Alexander, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 88. Atchison, Lieut, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93. Aubuchon, Gabriel d', residing at Kas- kaskia, 1790, 77, 95. Aubuchon, Mary Louise, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, Aubuchon, Raphael d', St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Aumie, Jean Baptiste, entitled to do- nation, 95. Austin, Moses, with J. R. Jones erected first cupola furnace in U. S., 118, Austin, Texas, San Felipe de, 129. Austin, Hon, Stephen F,, 129. Babcock, Mrs. Gen. Orville E., 137 n. Backus, Elijah, of Kaskaskia, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150. Bacon, Richard, of Kaskaskia, pro- ceedings in court of enquiry, 294-356. BadoUet, John, commissioner of land- ofifice at Vincennes, 34, 1 10. Bahatte, Antoine, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Daily, Amoris, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 93. Ballew (Bellow), Timothy, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 61, 71, 89, Balme, Col. Augustin Moltin de la, 207, 207 n, 210, 260 n, Barbau (Barbeau), Andre, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 95. Barbau, Capt. Jean Baptiste, jr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 67, 88. Barbau, Capt. Jean Baptiste, sr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 66 n, 67; com'd't of Prairie du Rocher, 164; of the Court of Kas- kaskia, 165. Barbour, Capt. Philip, 219, 220, Barger Bros., of Vincennes, 103, Barger, Christina, of Vincennes, wife of Diego Roderiques, 128. Barger, Elizabeth, wife of Baptiste la Chapelle, 128. Barger, Frederick, 127. Barger, George, 127. Barger, (Jeorge, jr,, 127, Barger, Margaret, 127, Barger, Mary, second wife of John Rice Jones, 126, 127, 128. Barger, Peter, 127. Barger, Susan, wife of Wm. Shannon, 128. Barker, Mathias, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, Baron, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Barrois, Fran9ois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, Barron, , Court of St. Vincennes, 165. Barron, Gabriel, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Barron, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 82. Barron, , widow of Gabriel, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 71. Barrow, Richard, St, Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 93- Barry, Hon. Wm. T,, 123. Birtalon, , death of, 262. Barton, Hon. David, 122, 123. Barutel, Antoine, called Noel Toulouse Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85, 86, Barutel (Bautel), Blaise, head of fam ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 75, Barutel, dit Toulouse, Henry, Kaskas kia militia, 1790, 85, Basque, Pierre le, Kaskaskia militia 1790, 85, 95. Basye, John, St, Clair-County militia 1795. 93- Eisye, William, St. Clair-Co, militia 795, 93- Fates, Hon. Edward, 38, 123. Bates, Frederick, secretary of territory Upper Louisiana, 37; note on, 37 n 120. Bates, Thos, Fleming, father of Fred erick and Edward, 37. Baubin, , partisan at the Miamis, 1780, 2IO. Baugi, Joseph, head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 61. Bauvais, Alexis, head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 61, 75, Bauvais, Antoine, head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 61 ; member of Court of Kaskaskia, 166, 179, 180, 181 182, 183, 184, 'H'^-fX''-*;. INDKX. 359 IJauvais (Ueauvais), Jean Baptiste St. Geme, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 77 n; Court of Kaskaskia, 1787, 166, 179, I So, 181, 183. Hauvais, Marie llelene Ste. (Jcme, wife of Nicholas Canada, 26. liauvais, Marie Louise, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 6i. Hauvais, , of Kaskaskia. ^ii, 328. Hauvais, Therese .St. Gtinmc, resiclent of Kaskaskia, 20; reference, 26, 28, Bauvais, L'rsule Ste. (jtme, 26. Bauvais, Vital, jr., Kaskaskia militi.T. 1790, 85. Bauvais, Vitale Ste. Cicme. head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 77, 77n, 96, 166, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184. Bavarel, Tousaint, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Bayatte, Antoine, 76. Bayly, William, of Kaskaskia, 1S2. Beaudoin, Jean, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Beaulieu, , of Cahokia, 71 n. Beaulieu, Capt. , (.Cahokia militia, 1779, 164; member Court of Caho- kia, 1779, 165. Beaulieu, Bazile, St.Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu (Beaulioux), Jean, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Beaulieu, Sergt. Michel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Beaulieu, (Chauvin), widow, head of fam., Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71, 71 n. Beauregard, Louis Tousaint, merchant of New Orleans, 184, 218, 228. Beaver Lake, Indiana, 48. Becasse, Jean lite. Chartron, alias la, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 89. Becquet, Srs. , 279. Bedford County, Va., 155. Beguain, Pierre, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Beguiere, Joseph, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70. Beland, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 89. Bellecour, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 80, 89. Bellecour, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 96. Bellefountain, settlers of, in 1795, 93"- Belleville Neios- Democrat, 146. Bellow, Timothy, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, 71, 89, 93. Bentley, Madan.e , store-keeper, Kaskaskia, 1S6. 24-34-9 Bentley, Thomas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61, 210; petition of. 256; note on, 259 60. Benton, Col. Thos. Hart, senator from .Missouri, 122, 123, 130, 134. Hequet, Andrew, St. Cfair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 84. l!e(iuet, Isaliei, widow, head of family. Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Be(]uet, Jean Baptiste, heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 7r. Merger, Laurent Jean, St. Clair - Clo. militia, 1790, 89. Bergeron, Jean liaptistc, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 71, 80, 89. Bergeron, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Bhertelmi, Richard, Kaskaskia, 1790. 76; see Richard. Bibeaux, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Hienvenu, Antoine, jr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 76. IJienvenu, Antoine, sr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Bienvenu, Henry, Kaskaskia militia. 1790, 74, 85, 96. Bienvenu, Michel, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74, 85, 96. Bienvenu, Pierre, Kaskaskia, 1783, 75. Big Spring, Monroe Co., 111., 79 n. Biggs (Bigges), Ceorge, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 78, 89, 93, 96, 182. l>iggs, Thomas, 182. Biggs, William, head of familv, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 71, 105. Bilderback, Capt. , of Kaskaskia, 148. Biron, August, St, Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Biron, Henry, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 89. Bisson, Louis, St. Clair - Co. militia, 1790, 85, 89. Bissonet, Jean Marie, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Bissonet, Joseph, head of family, C a- hokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 71. Blackfish, Indian chief, death of, 206. Black Hawk, Indian chief, 134. Black-Hawk war, 1832, 51, 53, 133. Blain (Blin), George, widow of, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71. Blaine, Hon. James G., 135. Blay, Joseph, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Blay, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 96. «P I 36o EARLY ILLINOIS. In. h. Blay, Louis, jr., Prairie cUi Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Bleakley, Josiah, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1 790,' 82, 89. Hledsoe, Judge Jesse, 123. Blouin, Daniel, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Blue Licks, battle of, 157. Blue- Ridge Mountains, 100. Bluen, , 315. Blundey, Jean Baptiste, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 93. Hoard of (Virginia) Comm'rs to Benj. Harrison, tjovernor of Virginia, con- cerning Col. John Todd's, jr., ac- counts, etc., 2:8. Bogy, Lewis V., U.-S. senator, 128. Boison, , 255. iioisverd (Bois Verre, Bois Vene), Jean Baptiste, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68, 71. Boisverd, [oseph, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84, 89. Bond of commiss'rs, to Col. Todd, 170. Bond, Shadrach, jr., gov. of Illinois, 61, 72, 78, 78 n, 93, 105, 109, 112, 14.1, 149- Jionin, Marguerite, Pierre Menard's -mother, 18, 41. Bonneau, Pierre, 25, 28, Bonthorn, William, witness at Court of Enquiry, 339-351. Bonvouloir, Joseph, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Boonesboro, Ky. , 155. Boquet, Andre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bosseron, Maj. Fran^-ois, St. Vincennes militia officer, 165, 194, 279. Boston, Mass., 327. Bostonians, 185. Botetourt County, Va., 155. Bouchette's " Topographical Dictionary of Lower Canada," cited, 18 n. Bcurassa, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82. ourassa, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bourbonais' Grove, 48, 53, 54. Bousseau, Fran(;ois, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Bouteillet, Jacque, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 323, 324 Bouvet, Rene, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84, 89. Bowen, Ebenezer, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89. Bowie, Col. James, 129. Bowman, Isaac, 194, 195. Bowman, Col. Joseph, 211, 212, 244. Boyer, Antoine, h-iad of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 82, 89; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Boynton, John, of Boynton, Wharton & Morgan, 294, 313. Boynton (John), Wharton (Samuel) & Morgan ((ieorge), merchants, 292, 294, e/ set/. ; articles of agreement be- tween Samuel Bacon and, 294. Braddock, Gen. Edwp.rd, 232. Bradley, Thadious, St. Clair-Co. mill tia, 1790, 89; 1795, 93. Bradley, Thomas, St.Clair-('o. nuUtia, 1790, 78, 82 n. Brady (James) & McKnight (Thomas), merchants of St. Louis, 137 n. Brady, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 89. Brady, Thomas, Kaskaskia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 80, 80 n, 82 n, 89, 137 n. Brady, Thos., of McKnight & B., 137, 137". 13S. Brand, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 93- Brandywine, battle of, 79 n. Branham, \Villiam, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1795, 93- Brashears, Richard, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61. Brashears, Capt, rol)ias, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 209. Brazaux (Brazot), Louis, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 61, 166; of Court of Kaskaskia, 179-184. Brecon, Brecknockshire, Wales, 140. Breese, Hon. Sidney, 109. Breton, Francis, mined first lead in Missouri, 119. Brigandage in the Mississippi, 281. Briggs, Emily, second wife of Pierre Menard, jr., 23. Brindamour, see Michel Menard. British Army- Lists, R. G. Th wait's ex- amination of, cited, 253 n. British Board of Trade, cited, 291. British Illinois, Philipe de Rocheblave, sketch of, by E. G. Mason, 253. British Museum, 208 n, 231 n. British use of Indians in war, 160. Brocus, William, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 61. Brouilet, , militia officer, St. Vin- cennes, 166. Brookes', , daughter, wife of Capt. Tobias Brashears, 209. Brown's, John Mason, "Address at the Centennial Commemoration of the Battle of the Blue Licks, "cited, I58n. IJrowr of Browi of H f INDE lirown, Lionel, of Petosi, Mo., nephew ! of Aaron Burr, 130. Urown, Windsor, witness before Court of Enquiry, 314, 323, 329, 332, 336, 341, 346, 351- lirusegard, see |}eaure 200, 201, 207, 212, 213, 214, 215, 220, 222, 222 n, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227 n, 228, 229, 240, 243, 244, 245, 251, 256, 260, 289; letter of, to Col. Todd, 195; letter of Gov. Henry to, cited, 251 n. Clark, John, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783. 62, 182. Clark, Lardner, 29; head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Clark, Gen. William, agent of Indian affairs at St. Louis, Mo., 39; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1795, 93. Clarkesville, 116. Clay, Henry, senator, mention, 40, 123, 134, 135- Clermond, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 89, Clermont, Auguste, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 89. Clermont, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790. 83, 86. Clino, John, witness in Rice -Jones' murder case, 147. Clover, Adam, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 93- Ciover, Jacob, St. C'.air-County militia, 1795, 93- Clover, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Cochon, Margaret, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. C'ochran, John, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Cochran, Samuel, of Kaskaskia, 149. Cole, Col. Edward, British comman- dant at Fort Chartres, 292. Coline, Francois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. "Colonial History of New York, "cited, 355- Columbus, lexas, 131. Comparet, Jean Marie, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 89. • Comte, Ayme, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96, Comte, Ayme, sr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Comte, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Comte, Pierre, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Condemnation Proceeding, Court Rec- ord, 178. Connecticut, 79 n. Connolly, Ensign William, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, 317, 326, 342, 344, 355- Connor, Henry, 149. I I ?i" 364 EARLY ILLINOIS. N Conrad, Jacques, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Continental Congress, 56, 57. Continental Treasury, 173. Contract, Ante-Nuptial, between Pierre Menard and Therese (jiodin, 25. Cook, Adam, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, Cook, Henry, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85- Cook, John, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74. «5- Cook, John, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 74, 96. Cook, Judge John D., justice of supreme court, Missouri, 123, Cook, Nathaniel, candidate for senate from Missouri, 122. Copy of the Instructions, etc., on the Borrowing Fund of Kohoskia, 169. Core, Jemi, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 247. Corset, Francois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62; of the Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 166, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184. Coste, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83, 89. Cotinault, Antoine, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Cotinault, Elizabeth, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Cotine, Jean Bte., entitled to dona- tion, 96. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 53. Courier, Francois Lefevre, alias, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68, 70, 72; St.Clair-Co. militia, 1790,83. Courier, jr., Pascal Lefevre, alias, 83, Courtois, Alexis, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 89. Craig, John, jr., appointed commissary- general by Col. G. R. Clark, loi. Creath, George, juror in Rice-Jones murder case, 149. Creli, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Creli, Jerome, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 98. Crely, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Crittenden, John J., senator, 134. Crittenden, Maj. John, Kentucky, 213. Crockett, Col. David, of Texas, 129. Crockett, Col. Joseph, 202, 205, 206, 2 1 1 Croghan, , witness in Court of Enquiry, 306. Crow, Mary, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Crow, William, St. Clair-Co. mihtia, 1790, 84, 89. Crown Point, N.V., 253. Crutcher, Henry, commissioner of Ko- hoskia fund, 170, 173. Culniaut, Jean Bapt., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Cumberland Gap, 100. Cumberland River, 195. Cure, Pierre, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Currency, notice concerning called-in, 177. Curry, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Dagne, Ambroise, 26, 28. Damour, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Dalton, Capt. Valentine T., loi. Danis (Dany), Charles, second lieuten- ant, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1779, 26, 42, 62, 76, 76 n, 164. Danis, Charles, jr., Kaskaskia militia. 1790, 85. Danis, Jerome, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 76. Danis, Jean, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Danis, J OS., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 85. Danis, Michel, sr. , head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 62, 76 Danville, 111., 48, 50. Darby, John F., 123. Darby's, William, "Personal Recollec- tions," cited, I23n, I37n. Dauphine, France, 231. Davidson (Alex. ) & .Stuve's (Bernard) " History of Illinois," cited, 17 n. Davis, Jefferson, 134, Davis, John, entitled to donation, 96. Davis, Thomas T., one of first trustees of Vincennes University, 1 10. Deane, Silas, 207 n. De9elle, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Decker, Luke, member of slavery con- vention at Vincennes, 1802, 105, no. Docochi, Gabriel, head of fam., Prairie du Koiher, 1783, 66. Docochi, Gabriel, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Degagne, Jacques, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Degagne, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 66. Degag du Degag Prai Degen 165. / / INDEX. 365 i of family, 2. C"o. militia, )ner of Ko- ! du Rocher y, Kaskas- I called-in, y, Kaskas- l of family, 66. lOI. nd lieuten- 1779, 26, :ia militia, y, Kaskas- o, 76. ,1790,85. mily, Kas- Recollec- (Bernard) 1, I7n. tion, 96. St trustees 10, ly, Prairie ivery con- 105, 1 10. 1., Prairie lu Rocher 1., Prairie of family, 3. Degagne, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Uegagne, , widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Degenest, , Court of St. Vincennes, 165. Degonier, Bte. , at Kaskaskia, 1 790, 76. Dejean, Philip, [a justice-of-the-peace] of Detroit, 281, 282. Delaware Indians, 185, 233, 264, 272, 280. Deline, L. E., member of the Court of St. Vincennes, 1796, 165; Second cap- tain, St. Vincennes militia, 1796, 166. Delinel, Ambroise, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 75- Delines, Antoine, entitled to donation, 96. Delisle, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Delisle, jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Delisle, Louis, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Delisle, Marie Eouise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Deloge, Joseph, alias Poirier, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 84, 89; see Desloges. Delorme, Hubert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Demarais, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Demete, Frani^ois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 89. Dempsey, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94. Demumbrunt, Timothe, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 180, 186. Dennis, Alexander, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 78, 89, 94, 96. Derouse, dit St. Pierre, Fram^ois, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 64, 75. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Jerome, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Joseph, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Michel, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 64. Derousse, dit St. Pierre, Philip, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Deruisseau, Paul, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Desloges, Joseph Poirie, sr., dit, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73; St. «Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 89, 92; see Deloge. Desloges, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 89. Desloges, Paul Poirie, dit, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 84, 94. Desplaines River, 111., 48. Detchemendy, Constance, 23. Devaignais, Jac, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Dickenson College, Carlisle, Pa., 64. Dilailite, Josette, widow, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 66. Dillon's (John) "History of Indiana," cited, loin, io2n, iion, Ii6n, I27n. Dion, Francois, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Dodge, Col. Henry, 123, 129, 130, 133. Dodge, Israel, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62, 159. Dodge, Capt. John, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 159, 182, 183; Indian agent, 205, 209 Dominque, Antoine, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Donation Lands, lists of those entitled to, 61, 66, 67, 69, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 93, 95, 97. Dore, Louis, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Dorion, Jean Marie, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 90. Dormeur, Joseph I'oire alias, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Douberman, John J., of St. Louis, pupil of Chester Harding, portrait of John Rice Jones by, 99. Douglas, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Douglas, Stephen A., senator, 134. Doyle, Benj. H., prosecuting-attorney at Kaskaskia, 149. Doza, Alexis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Doza, Arcange, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Doza, Joseph, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Drouard, Francois, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Drury, Clement, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 66, 78, 90, 94, 96. Drury, Ralph, entitled to donation, 79. 96. Drury, Raphael, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 87, 90, 96. Drury, Wm., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 62, 66. Dubois, Pierre, sr., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Dubois, Pierre, jr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 90. aww mmmm l66 EARLY ILLINOIS. l/iii Dubuque, Capt. Jean Baptiste, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68,69, 70, 72, 73; St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 82, 83, 84, 90, 93. Dubuque, Julien, founder of Dubuque, Iowa, 83 n. Ducharme, Charles, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73; St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83, 90. Duchasfourt de Louvieres, Antome, member of Court of Kaskaskii, 165. DuClos, Antoine, Prairie du Kocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. DuClos, Jean Bapt. , Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Duff, Daniel McEl, Kaskaskia, 1788, 182, 183. Duff, John McEl, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62, 182. Dufresne, |.i' *.iss Michel, of Kaskas- kia, i: , .;;(<. Dufresne, '^ .'' Marie, wife of Philip de Rocheblave, 234. Duludi-. riiarles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 178, 62. Dumartin, Jean liaptistc, heat'i of fam- ily, St. Philips or Prairie du Rocher, on or before 1783, 66. Dumas, Bartholomew, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Dumas (Dumay), Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 71. Dumont, Peter, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Dunfield, P'rederick, of Kaskaskia, 310. Dunklin, Gov. Daniel, of Missouri, 131. Dunklin, John P., married a daughter of Gen. Augustus Jones, 131. Dunlap, Dr. James, tried for murder of Rice Jones, 143 50. Dunn's (J. P.) "Indiana," cited, loi n, 102 n, iiin, ii2n, ii3n, ii5n, Ii6n, il7n, 142 n. Dunn, James, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77- Dunn, Thomas, treasurer -general of Province of Quebec, letters to, cited, 242 n, 243 n, 253, 281, 282, 288, 290. Duplasi, Catherine, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Duplasy, Joseph, captain in Kaskaskia militia, 164; Court of Kaskaskia, 165, 210. Dupuy, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Dutremble, Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, in St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. E Edeline, see Deline. Edgar, Gen. John, merchant of Kaskas- kia, 20, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 42, 59, 65, 67, 74, 74 n, 87, 88, 104, 109, 147, 148, 182, 183. Edgar, Rachel, wife of John Edgar, 20. Edwards, Gov. Ninian, 109, Ii4n, 123, 153 n. E. G, M., see E. G. Mason. Elliott, Henry, candidate for sena'e from Missouri, 122. Elliott, James, farmer at Kaskaskia, 297, et se<]. Elliot, Robert, claim against State of Virginia, 220. Engel, Capt. Philip, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 85, 90. English Turn, Mississippi River, 234. Enochs (Enix), Isaac, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79, 79 n, 90, 94, 96. Espagne, Louis Levasseur d', head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Espy, James, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94- Everett, Hon. Edward, ii3n, Everett, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94- Ewing, Nathaniel, one of first trustees of Vincennes University, no. Fagot, Andre, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Falls of the Ohio, 100, 187, 194, 201, 203, 222, 223. P'armer, Maj. Robert, British comman- dant at Fort Chartres, 1765, 292. Feire, de, merchant of Montreal, 290. Fernande, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Ferrier, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87. Finney, James, adherent of Dr. James- Dunlap, 148, I48n, 150, 151. P'isher, Myers, of Philadelphia, 100. Flanary, Daniel, jr., head of family,. Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Flanary, Elijah, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Flanary, Thomas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Flandre, Jean, head of family, Prairie dn Rocher, 1783, 66, 96. Fleming, Wm., one of commissioners of. Jefferson County, 221. Fleuj mil Hoyl ve( "Flc ma Folkl Fordl INDEX. : of Kaskas- > 42, 59, 65, > » 109, 147. I Edgar, 20. ^ 1 14 n, 123, I for senafe Kaskaskia, 3t State of air-County 84, 85, 90. lyer, 234. air-County 94. 96. ', head of 1783, 66. ty militia, 1. ty militia, >t trustees 10. ', Kaskas- 194, 201, comman- ;, 292. Vlontreal, I militia, cher mill- >r. James^ ii. 1, 100. f family,. ily, Kas- ily, Kas- ', Prairie issioncrs Fleurant, Jean Uaptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. Floyd, Davis, member of slavery con- vention at Vincennes, 1802, 165. "Floyd & Co., 1794," paper water- mark, 97 n. Folk, , of Kaskaskia, 148. Ford, Gov. Thomas, lawyer of Peoria, "Hi.storyof Illinois," cited, 142 n. Fort Carillon, 254. Fort Chartres, Court of Enquiry at, 1770, by Hon. John Moses, 291 ; 20, 56, 57. 58, 81 n, 235, 291, 297, 310, 323. 331- Fort Chissel, 100. Fort Cumberland, 233. Fort Delaware, 135. Fort Duquesne, 231, 233. Fort Cage, 239, 261, 262, 263, 265, 268, 269, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282, 289, 290. Fort Henry, 135. Fort Jefferson, 79 n, 183, 183 n, 200, 205, 219, 226. Fort Lafayette, 134. Fort Niagara, 233. F'ort Pitt, icx), 210, 233, 242, 254 n, 269, 271, 274, 279, 283, 285, 300. F'ortin, Marie Rose, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Foubert, Pierre Jacques, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. F'owler, Lieut. Alexander, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, ef set/. Fox Indians, 40, 263. F'ox River, 111., 52. Fox River, Wis., 46, 47. Franchere, FLlenore, 54. Franklin, Benjamin, 100, 207 n. Franklin, George, juror in Rice-Jones murder case, 149. F>ench Lick on Cumberland, 195. French River, Canada, 45 n. F'rench in Illinois, 56, 160, 161, 171, ^234. F'rench militia of Kaskaskia, 197. F\'hon, James, juror in Rice-Jones mur- der case, 149. F'unk, Jacob, juror in Rice-Jones mur- der case, 149. Gage, Gen. 'I'hos., British commander at New York, 235, 236. Gagne, Amable, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Gagne, Joseph, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 62. Gagnie, Raphael, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 68, 70, 72. Gagnion, Louis, head of family. Caho- kia, 1783, 68; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Gagnon, Marie, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62. Gallaher, Philip, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, Galloway, , interested in land-grant with Boynton, Wharton & Morgan, 353- Galveston, Texas, 22. Galvez, Don Bernardo, Spanish gov- ernor at New Orleans, 191, 192; cap- tures Mobile, 193. Gamelin, Capt. Pierre, St. Vincennes militia, 103, 127, 166, 191; member of the Court of St. Vincennes, 165. Gard, Department of, F'rance, 18. Garrison (Garretson, Garatson), James. St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 62, "72, 79,, 90, 94, 96. Gaud, Louis, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 96. Gaud, Louis, sr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 83, 90. Gautiaux, Ensign Jacques, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 76, 96. Gatien, Pierre, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Gayarre, Chas. , letters of, cited, 234 n. Geins, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94- Gelaspie, William, 208. Gendron (Gandron), John Bapt'e, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 62, 65, 76. Gendron, John Baptiste, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76, 86, 96. Gendron, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Gendron, Perre Bte., res.Tof St. Clair County, 1790, 76. Genereu, Joseph, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. George, Capt. Robert, 219, 220. Georgian Bay, British America, 45 n. Gerard, F>an9ois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Germain, F^nsign Charles, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 73, 84, 90. Germain, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Ciermain (Germin), Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 62, 74, 86, 96. Germain, Louis, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75- Germaine, Lord George, 237, 237 n, 238n, 239n, 24on, 241, 265, 266, 278. iIiiwL: m ) A 368 EARLY ILLINOIS. I' ' (jermans, plan for settling, on Missis- sippi, 347. 349- Gerome, Francois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 90. Gervais, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Gervais, Ensign Phillip, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 90. ( iervaise, , priest, of S<'. Antoine de Richelieu, Canada, 41, 4^. Geyer, Hon. Henry S., 123. Gibault, Pierre, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. (Jibbons (Givoon), John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94. Gibson, John, secretary of Indiana Ter- ritory, 21, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 104, 109, no, 133. Gilbreath, James, Kaskaskia, 147, 148, 150. Gill, Charles, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 62, 79, 84, 90, 96. Gillham, Isaac, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Gillham, James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Gillham, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, .1795. 94- Girard, Augustin, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Girard St. Jean Pierre, Jean Bie., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Girardin (Gerardine), Antoine, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1 790, 90. Ciirardin, Antoine, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 73; member of Court of Kohokias, 165. Girardin, Michel, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, in St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Girardot, , widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Giroux, , head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Giroux, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 90. Girradin, Lieut. , District of Ko- hokia, 164. Girty, Simon, 157. Glinel, Ambroise, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 62. Goden, Lieut. , St.Vincennes mili- tia, 166. Godin, Jean Noel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 90. ,t trustees of Vincennes University, ;io. Johnson, Judge John, 109, 1 10. Johnson, Col. Ki'ch'd Mentor, 123, 152. Johnson, Sir William, u: Fort Niaj,'ara, 233- Johnston, Gen. Washington, 109, no. Joliet, Louis, discoverer, 46 n. Jones, Andrew Thompson, son of .Myers Fisher Jones, 133. Jones, Cien. Augustus, second son of John R.Jones, 1796 1887, 128, 130. Jones, Augustus Dodge, son of (ien. Augustus Jones, publicist of reputa- tion, died in 1885, author of "True Metl.jd of Electing the President and Vice-President of the U. .S.," 131. Jones, Chas. Scott Dodge, son of (jen. G. W. Jonts, 135. Jones, Eliza, daughter of John Rice Jones, 128; married Hon. Andrew Scott, 136. Jones, Geo. Rice Gratiot, son of Gen. G. W. Jones, 135. Jones, Gen. Geo. Wallace, son of John Rice Jones, 128; sketch of his life, 133; mention, 60, 61 n, 66n, I23n, 138 n, 152. Jones, Harriet, dau. of John Rice Jones, 128; first husband, Thos. Brady of St. Louis; second husband, lion. John Scott of Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 137. Jones, Henry, St. Clair-County militia, I795» 94- Jones, John, father of John Rice Jones, 99- Jones, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94; son of John Rice Jones, 125. Jones, Judge John Rice, head of fam- ily, Kaskasicia, 1790, 66 n, 75, 75 n; Kaskaskia militia, 86; paper on, by W. A. Burt Jones, 99; born in Mall- wyd, Wales, Feb. 11, 1759; .practised law in London; came to America, 1784, 99; joined Geo. R. Clark's ex- pedition, ICO; commissary -general, 101 ; took part in Gen. Harmar's ex- pedition, 103; large land- owner, 104; attorney-general of the Territory in 1801 ; pro-slavery sentiments, 105; settled at Kaskaskia, 107; compiled laws of Indiana Territory; promoted Vincennes University, no; rupture with W. H. Il.irrison on division of Indiana Terr y, 112; removed to St. Louis in iSio; good linguist, 117; engaged in lead industry, iiS; one of framers of .Missouri constitution, 121; justice of the .Missouri supreme court, 123; his character, by (iov. Reynolds, 124; married, 1759, 125; second marriage, 127; mention, 60, 61, 68, 123 n, 139, 140, 141, 14J. 145, 146, 150. Jones, Gen. John Rice, son of John Rice Jones, born Jan. 8, 1792; one of first settlers in 'fexas; died, 1845, 128, 129, 130. Jones, Mrs. J. Rus.sell, 127. Jones, Maria, daughter of John Rice Jones, 126. Jone.s, Michael, attorney, of Kaskaskia, administers oaths of office to Pierre Menard, 35, 36; indicted for abet- ting the murder of Rice Jones, 144-5 J candidate for congress in 1808, 145 n; admitted to bail, 280; acquitted, 150. Jone.s, Hon. Myers Fisher, son of John Rice Jones, engaged in industrial pur- suits, 126, 128. Jones, Nancy, daughter of John Rice Jones, 128. Jones, Judge Obadiah, 149. Jones, (^scar Peery, son of Myers Fisher Jones, 133. Jones, Peter, one of first trustees o( Vincennes University, no. Jones, Rice, son of John Kice Jones, 107; assassination of, 118; birth of, 125; memoir of, by W. A. Burt Jones, 140-53; born at Brecon, Wales, 1781 ; studied law at Litchfield, Conn., 140; practised at Kaskaskia, 1806; pro- slavist, 141 ; representative for Ran- dolph County to the legislature, 142; fought duel with Wm. Morrison, 144; assassinated by Dr. James Dunlap, 146; his abilities, 151. Jones, VV^illiam, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79. .90. 94- Jones, William Augustu; I^odley, son of (Jen. Geo. Wallace Jones, 135. Jones, W. A. Burt, of St. Paul, Minn., sketch of John Rice Jones by, 99; sketch of the life of Rice Jones by, 140. Jones, William Ashley, son of Gen. Augustus Jones, publicist and sur- veyor; died in 1856, 131. Jones, William Powell, U. S. N., son of John Rice Jones, 126, 129, 135. I a J 372 EARLY ILLINOIS. Journal of Congress (of the Confedera- tion), cited, 37 n. |u(ly, Jacob, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, S6. Judy, Samuel, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 94- Julien, Franijois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. K Kahokin, see Cahokia. Kahos, see Cahokia. Kane, F,lias Kent, sec'y of state, 109. Kaskaskia (Cascaskia, Kaskaskias, Kas- kaskies), 111., parish register. Church of the Immaculate Conception, cited, 17, 20, 22, 42; heads of families at, 1783 and before, 6 1; residents at, in 1790, 74; militia, list of, in 1790, 85; military commissions, 1779, 164; civil officers, 1779, 165; 1787, 166; order to hold court at, 1779, 174; parish records, 231 n, 234 n. Kaskaskia Indians, 203, 308. Kekion^ja, on the Maumee River, 2o8n. Kemp, , of Kaskaskia, 186. Kennedy, Patrick, of Kaskaskia, 63, 255, 256, 256 n, 271, 272, 293, 323, 324, 33c, 341, 347, 348, 349 n, 351. Kennerly, Geori^e li., son-in-law of Pierre Menard, 23. Kenon, Lawrence, St.Clair-Co. militia, 1705, 94- Keokuk, Indian chief, 134. Kenyon, Lawrence, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 66, 79, 90, 96. Kickapoo Indians, 261, 263, 264. Kincade, James, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Kinney, Abraham, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 94- Kinney, Andrew, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kinney, foseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kinney, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- Kinney, Winder, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- ^ Kohos, see Cahokia. Kohoskia fund, 169, 170. Kuykendall, Jacob, one of first trustees of University of Vincennes, no. Labiche, Klizabeth, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Labriere, Antoine, Kaskaskia militia, i7<)o, 86. Labriere, Raymond Normand, head of family, Kai^kaskia, 1783, 63, 75. Labrosse, Marie, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Lal)uxiere (Labusiere), Antoine, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Labuxiere, Kranc^ois, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 90. Labuxiere, Joseph, head of fa '"'v. Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Labuxiere (Labusiere), Louis, St. ^.aii County militia, 1790, S3, 90. LaChapeile, Knsijrn Antoine, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 74, 74 n, 86, 96. LaCiiapelle, Raptiste, Kaskaskia mili tia, 1790, 74, 86, 96, 128. LaChapeile, Hazile, Kaskaskia militia. 1790, 74, 74 n, 86, 96, 128. LaChapeile, Charles, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. LaChapeile, Jn., res. of Kaskaskia. 1790, 74. LaChapeile, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia. 1790, 85, 96. LaChapeile, Louis, Kaskaskia militia. 1790, 86. LaChapeile, Marie Louise, widow id of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, (: LaChoisie, , French soldier, blave suspected of having assassi- nated, 232. LaCoste, Pierre, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. LaCourse, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. LaCoiiture, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. LaCroix, alias Hagon, Chas., St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. LaCroix, Isedore, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. LaCroix, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 70, 72; sheriff of Ca- hokia, 1779, 165, 173, 176. Laderoute, Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 76. Laderoute, Jacque, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77, 86, 96. Laderoute, dit Seguin, Louis, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 76, 86. Laffont, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Laflamme, Bazile, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 90. Laflamme, Louis, St. Clair-Co. rnilitia, 1790, 81, 90. ^^^2. 1 INDKX. 375 Lafleur, I'aul I'ouiJard alius, head of family, St. Clair Co., 17X3, 73. l.aFleur, I'ieire, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70. Laforme, Cha.s., head of family, I'rairie du Kocher, 17S3, 66. l.aforme, Chas., yr., I'rairie du Kuchcr militia, 1790, 87. Laforme, llipolite, Kaskaskia militi.i, 1790, 86. . LaGaudiniere, Michel, head of family. Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Lagauterie, lynace, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. k 1-aClrave, Michel, head of family, Ca- hokia, 17S3, 68, 70, 72. Lajeunesse, Sergt. I'ierre, St. ( "iair-C o militia, 1790, 81, 90. Lajoie, There/e, widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66. 1-ajoye, Jean Bapt., I'rairie du Kocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Lajoye, I'ierre, I'rairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87, 96. Lake-rcpin Reservation, 131. l-alamet, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 90. LaLaiicete, Sergt. Joseph, head of fam- ad P '')'. Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72, 84. I.alamle, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lalande, Jean I'.aptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 84, 90. Lamar, Mirabeau IJ., 129. Lamarche, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 70, 72, 81, 90. l.amarche, Jacque, .St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 90. Lamarche, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Lambert, Eustache, of I'eoria, 269. Lambert, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 84, 90. Langlade, Chas. de, 231, 232, 233, Langlois, , of Kaska.skia, 148. Langlois, Catherine, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. Langlois, Etienne, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Langlois, Gabriel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 90. Langlois, Gerard, head of family, Prai- rie du Rocher, 1783, 66. Langlois, Pierre, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Langlois, Raphael, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 90. Langlois, Therese Poupard, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 73. Languedoc, province of, France. iS. La})ence (Lapensee), Sergt. KraiKoi- Xavier, St. ( lair-Co. militia. 1790, S3. 91. Lajjcnce (Lapensee), Jean, St. t lair- County militia. 1790," 68, 70, 72, S4, 91. Lapence ( Lapensee), IJeut. Joseph. St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68," 70. S3. 91 : heirs of, .St. Clair County, lji<], 72. Laperche, I'ierre, St. I lair-Co. militia. Lai)lante, Ale.xis, head of family. Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Laplante, Joseph. St. Clair-Co. militia. 1790, S3, 91. Lal'rairie, near .Montreal, 19, 22. Larkin, , St. Clair-C'ounty militia, 1790, 79- Laroche. I'ierre, heail of family, I'rairie du kocher, 17S3, 67. Larue, Jean, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Lasahlonier ( Lasabloniare), Jacques, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67; at Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. LaSource, Antoine, witness before the Court of Lnquiry, 315, 316. LaSource, Haptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783. 63, 63 n, 64 n. Lasource, Catherine, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lasource, Helen, widow, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lasource, J accpies, head of family, Kas- kaskia. 1783, 63, 63 n, 64 n; member of Court of Kaskaskia, 1779, 165. Lasource (La.sasse.se), Michael, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 78, 86. Lassonde, Louis, head of family, I'rairie du Rocher, 17S3, 67. Latulippe, Capt. Pierre (Guery), one of witnes.ses at marriage of P. Menard and Therese (iodin, 1792, 25, 28; member of Court of .St. Vincennes, 1779, 165; militia officer at St. Vin- cennes, 1779, 166. Lavertue, Dennis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Lavigne, Ambroise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Lavigne, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63; St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 75, 97. Lavoie, Joseph, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Lavoye, Joseph, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 96. Lawrence's Creek, 214. \ \7A EARLY ILLINOIS. 'I jii i ' i< i '1 I ■i s It \ Law's (John) "The Colonial History of Vincennes," cited, 103 n, 127 n. Ixach, George, 1 10. Lead-mines of Missouri, 120. Lead-minuig in Mo., pioneers of, 118. Leavens, Ilenry, surety for Michael Jones, 149. Leavens, Thomas, surety for Michael Jones, 149. Lei^asque, Pierre, St. Ciair-Co. militia, 1790, 77. Leblanc, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair -Co. militia, 1790, 91. Leboeuf, Marianne, widow of Phillip, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Leboeuf, Phillip, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Lebrun, Sergt. Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 81, 91. LeCompte, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68, 70, 72, 83, 91. LeDuc, Hon. Marie P., of Missouri legislature, 122. LeFevre, Chas., head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. LeFevre, Fran(;ois, alias Courier, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 68, 70, 72, 83. LeFevre, alias Courier, jr., Fran9ois, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 91. LeFevre, Jean Marie, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70. i^eFevre, Laurent, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 91. LeF'evre, alias Courier, Pascal, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. LeGrand, Gabriel, clerk of Court of St. Vincennes, 165. LeGras, Col. J. M. P., 165, 190, 19:, 198, 199, 228, 289. Lemen (Lemmon), James, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96, 182. Lemieux, Claude, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63, 75. Lemieux, Fran9ois, Kaskaskia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Lemieux, Louis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 96. Lepage, Antoine, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Lepage, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 68. 71, 83, 91. Lepage, Leon, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Lepage, S'.-.on, St. ClairCo. militia, 1790, 83, 9r. Lepage, , widow, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 72. Letang, Pascal, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Letourneau, Jacque, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 84, 91. Levy, Isaac, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72; mention, 254. Levy, Louis Pierre, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 91. Lewis, Gen. Andrew, 155. Lewis, Meriwether, governor of Louisi- ana Territory, 21, 36, 37. Leyba, Don Ferdinande de, Spanish commandant, 175. Libberville, Joseph, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. License for trade, in 1796, 166. Limestone Creek, 156, 221. Limestone Run, 214. Lincoln, President Abraham, 133. Lincoln County, militia of, 212. Lindsay, , 189, 192, 201, 208, 209, 212. Linitot, Godefroy, 228. Liny, W., 271. Lionnais, -, of Peoria, 269. "Liste des Habitans resident aux Kas- kaskias en 1790," 74. Litchfield, Conn., law-school of, 140. Lize, Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 91. Locat, Rene, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Lock, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94; Locuyer dit St. Sauveur, Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Logan (Tah-gah-jute), Indian, 206. Logan, Col. IJenjamin, 215, 216. Logan's town, 206. Loisie, Mary Jeane, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Longchamp, Louis de, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. Longtemp (Loncting), Constant, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Longval, Francois, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 71; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Francois, sr., head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 72; St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Hippolite, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83, 91. Longval, Hubert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91. Longvalle, Jn., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 75- INDKX. 375 [ Longval (Lonval), Joseph, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 86, 96. Longval (Lonval, Louvalle), Louis, hea. C, 122. Lunceford (Luntsford), Geo., St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96. Lyle, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91- Lynn, William, 220. M McBride, William, juror in Rice-Jones' murder case, 149. McCall, , witness of murder of Rice Jones, 147. McCan, Daniel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 94- McCarty, Richard, of Cahokia, license to trade, 1779, 166; sketch of, i67,n, 255 n; goods delivered to, 184; cap- tain in Illinois regiment, 205; letter to John Todd, 206; letter to Kochc- blave, 168, 254. McConnell's Station, Kentucky, 204. McCormick, John, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. McCrosky, Pat., 177. McDonough's "History of Randolph County," cited, ii7n, 145 n, i5on. McDowell, John, secretary, 192. McFee, Thos., of Kaskaskia, witness in Court of Enquiry, 329, 332, 353. McJ'erron, John, surety for Michael Jones, 149. McGirk, Judge Mathias, Missouri, 123. McKee, Samuel, one of first trustees of Vincennes l" niversity, 1 10. McKnight [John] & Urady [Thomas], of St. Louis, merchants, 137. McKnight, Thomas, of Ikady & Mc- Knight, 137. 25-34-10 McLaughlin, Henry, St. C:iair-County militia, 1790, 91, 94. .McLaughlin, William, St. <.lair-County militia, 1795, 94. •McLosky, Alexander, head of family, Kaskaskia, 17S3, 63. McNabb, Alexander, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1790, 77, 86, 96. McNabl), Archibald, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 149. McNabb, James, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77, 86, 96. McN'air, (lov. Alexander, of Missouri, 121. McNamee, lilias, one of first trusteo uf Vincennes University, no. McRoberts, James [father of Senator Samuel and Judge Josiah], St. Clair- Couniy militia, 1790, 91. Mc Roberts, Judge .Samuel, 123. Macon, Amable, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Madison, James, secretary of state, 3S. Maillet, F., of I'eoria, 268. Maisonville, Joseph, Kaskaskia, 1783. 63; a merchant of Detroit, witness to deposition of (iabriel Cerrc at Ft. Gage, April 29, 1777, 260, 261 ; at Detroit in 1778, 276. Manegre, Corp. Joseph, St. Clair-Co. uiiHtia, 1790, 83, 91. Manuel, negro, warrant for execution of, by burning alive, 172. Marechal, - -, widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 17S3, 67. Marie, [oseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83, 91. Marin, Sieur. Perriere, in W'isconsin in 1759. 233, 269. Marleau.\ (Marlow), Andrew, .St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 84, 91. Marleaux, Gabriel, St. Clair-C!o. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 91. Marleaux, (iabriel, jr., St. Clair-County •.nililia, 1790, 91. Marleaux, Jean Jiaptiste, St, Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91. Marquette, Jaciues, explorer, 46 n. Marrois, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Mars (Marr), Thomas, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94. Marshall, T., member of \'irginia com- missioners, 221. Marthen, I'., lieutenant in District of Cahokia, 164; member of Cahokia Court, 165. Martin, Corp. Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 69, 71, 72, 85, 91. J n^ EARLY ILLINOIS, III |M Martin, Pierre, jr., St.Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 91. Mascoutin Indians, 261, 264, 268. Mason, Edward Gay, sketch of Pierre Menard by, 17; lists of early Illinois citizens, introduction by, 55; sketch of Philippe de Rocheblave, by, 231 ; and various notes throughout the vol- ume signed E. g. m. Aiastersun, Michael, St. Clair- County militia, 1795, 94. Mathers, Elihu, St. Clair -Co. militia, 1795. 94- Mathews, Capt. R., secretary of Gen. Haldimand, 248; letters cited, to Rocheblave, 249 n; to Maj. Lord, 25on; to Haldimand, 251 n; from Rocheblave, 248 n, 250, 251. Maxwell, Elizabeth, 42. Maxwell, Hugh H., 23. Maxwell, Col. Lucien, of " Maxwell land-grant, " 23. "Maxwell land-grant," 23. May, le, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. May, Francois le, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 84, 91. May (Hay), Jean de, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68, 72. May, Mary Louise, widow of Louis, le, alias Theophile, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 68, 70, 72. May field, , head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Mayiot, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790; 85, 91. Mease's, E. , notes on maps in Pitman's "European Settlements, "cited, 234n. Menard, Amedee, son of Pierre, 24. Menard, Mrs. Augustine (Ste.Gemme), 24; letters of, cited, 18 n, 19 n, 20 n. Menard, Alzira, daughter of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Berenice, daughter of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Edmund, son of Pierre Men- ard, member of legislature for Ran- dolph County, 23. Menard, Fran9ois P., son of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Hippolite, brother of Pierre Menard, 19, 22. Menard, Jean Baptiste, called Brinda- mour, father of Pierre Menard, 17, 18, 19, 41, 42, 43. Menard, Jean Frangois, brother of Pierre Menard, 19, 22. Menard, Jean Marie, brother of Pierre Menard, 18. Menard, f John, 147. Menard, Louis Cyprien, 23. Menard,. Matthew Saucier, son of Pierrt- Menard, 23. Menard, Michel, brother of Pierre Menard, 19. Menard, Michel [Brindamour], nephew of Pierre Menard, elected chief of Shawnees; one of the founders of Texas, 22. Menard, Odile, daughter of Pierre Menard, 23. Menard, Peter, son of Pierre, 23. Menard, Pierre, dit Brindamour (por- trait), 19; sketch of, 17-24; born Oct. 7, 1766, at St. Antoine, Lower Can- ada, 17; at Vincennes in 1788, 19; interviews Gen. Washington in 1789, 20; marries Therese Godin in 1 792 ; married again in 1806 to Angelique Saucier, 20; list of positions held by him, 21 ; died in 1844, 22; first elected to public office in Kaskaskia, 1795, 20; res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 77; first lieut.-gov. of Illinois, 77 n; 2d wife the dau". of Frangois Saucier, 81 n; Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86; entitled to donation, 96; mention, 74 n, 75 n, 104, 105, 107, 109, 123, 148, 251. Menard Papers, Pierre, by Edward G. Mason, 25-43; ante-nuptial contrac*^, 25; commission as major of militia, 29; as judge of Randolph County; as associate-judge of criminal court, 31; to take testimony in land-office claims; as judge of court of common pleas, 34; as lieut. -colonel of miUtia, 35, 38; as captain of infantry, 36; as Indian agent, 39; to make Indian treaties, 40; birth and family, 41-3. Menard, Sophie A., dau. of Pierre Menard, 24. Mendoza, Sergt. Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91. Mercier, Hubert, St. Clair-Co, militia, 1790, 91. Mercier, Jacques, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Mercier, Sergt. Jean Baptiste, St. Clair- Co. miHtia, 1790, 69, 71, 72, 81, 91. Mercier, |ulien, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Mercier, Mary, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 69. Merney, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94. Messinger, John, elected to legislature of Indiana Territory, in St. Clair Co., 114, 142. INDKX. 177 on of Pierre of Pierre ir], nephew 2d chief of bunders of of Pierre e, 23. mour (por- born Oct. ■ower Can- ,^1^'i, 19; )n in 1 789, n in 1792; Angelicjue ns held by irst elected kia, 1795, 3, 77; first 1; 2d wife :ier, 81 n; j; entitled '4n, 75 n, ^8, 251. dward CJ. contrac% jf militia, I County; lal court, and-office r common )f militia, ■y, 36; as e Indian f Pierre Jlair-Co. . militia, ily, Kas- 5t. Clair- . 81, 91, militia, ', Caho- militia, [islature air Co., I Mesuri (St. Genevieve, Mo.), 220. Methode, Jean Kaptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 91. Metioier (Mitevur), Michel, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 85, 91. Meurin, Father, 235. Miami Indians, 103, 208 n. Miault, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Miault (Miot), Magdalen Angelique, widow, head of lamily, Kaskaskia, 1783. 63. Milam, Col. Benj. R., of Texas, 129. M ililia of St. Clair Co. , Aug. i , 1 790, 88. Militia rolls, 74, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 93, 95- Mine a Breton, now I'otosi, Mo., 118, 120. Misere, see Ste. Genevieve, Mo. Mitot, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83. Monast, Mrs. (Carrie le Vasseur), wife of Dr. Pierre Louis, of Chicago, 54. Monroe, President James, 136. Montague's " Directory and Historical Sketches of Randolph Co.," cited, 17 n. Montcalm, Gen. Loujs Joseph de St. Viran, Marquis de, defeat of, in 1759, 234- Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 19. Montgomery, Col. John, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783,63; commanding at Kaskaskia, 178, 184, 185, 193, 209, 210, 218; letter of, to Board of Com. for settlement of West'n Acc'ts, 221, 222 n, 256; mention, 205. Montreuil (MontureuUe), Jean Bapte., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63, 76. . . .' Montrie, Fran(,ois, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Mooney, Mary, widow of James, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 72. Moore, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63; oath of allegiance of, '79- Moore, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79. 9'. 94. 96. Moore, , widow of James, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 72. Moore, Stephen R., of Kankakee, 111., memoir of Noel le Vasseur by, 44. Moore, William, St. Clair-Co. miliiia, 1790. 91. 94- Morace, a slave, 173. Moraniy, Jac, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Morensi, Joseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Morgan, George, of Kaskaskia, mer- chant, 56, 270; of Jjoynton, Wharton & M., 292; Court of Enquiry to ad- just disputes between certain Frencli citizens and, 291, el set/. Morgan memorial, before Continental congress, 57. Morin, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 63. Morin, James, Kaskaskia, 1790, 272. Moiin, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 91. Monis, Alexis, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Morris, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 63. Morris, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1790, 86. Morri.s, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79. 91. 9fj- Morrison, Judge John, of Waterloo, 111., 146." Morrison, Robert, of Kaskaskia, 104, 105, 147. Morrison, William, of Kaska.skia, 20, 42, 65, 67, 74 n, 77, 77 n, 86, 87, 104, 143, 147, 148. Moses, John, introduction to "Court of ICnquiry at Fort Chartres" by, 420, ct sec/. Mothe, Capt. (Juillaume la, 263. Mount St. Mary's College, Kmmels- burg, Maryland, 23. Mullowney, Dr. Stephen, U.-S. consul to Monterey, Mexico, 131. Mulotte, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. miiilia, 1790, 81, 91. Mulotte, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair- Co. militia, "1790, 69, 71, 73, 81, 91. Munier, Jean, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83, 91. Murdoch (Moredock), Maj. John, al Kaskaskia, 79, 79 n, 91, 94,^96, 105. Murray, Daniel, head of family. Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64; trader, sketch of, 256 n, 259; treacherous to British cause, 289. Murray, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 791, 91, 94, 96; sketch, 256 n. Music, David, St. C-lair-County militia, •795, 94- Music, Kli, St. Clair-County militia, •795, 94- N Nathan, .Simon, purveyor to Geo. K. Clark's army, 198, 219, 228. »W" J WW 378 EARLY ILLINOIS. B I Navelle, Antoine, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77. Navelle, Marque, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Nehaume, Paul, Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Nelson, Elijah, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. New Design, settlers of, in 1795, 93 n. "New-York Colonial Documents," cited, 232 n, 233 n. Nichola, Madam , 315. Nicholle (Nicolle), Etienne, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 81, 91. Nicholle (Nicolle), Julien, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Noize, Francois, dit 1' Abbe, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 85. Normand, Jean Baptiste, Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Northwestern Fur-Company, 251. Norton, James, St. Clair-Co. militia, I795< 94- Obuchon, Gabriel, sr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 86. Ogle, Benjamin, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94- Ogle, Jacob, St. Clair- County militia, 1795. 94- Ogle, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96. Ogle, Joseph, sr., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 79", 91, 96, 182. O'Hara, Henry (henerey oharo), head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 79, 94- O'Hara, H my, jr., St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 91. O'Hara, James, 96, 104. ■O'Hara (Oharro), John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 91, 94, 96. Old Settlers' Association of Iroquois County, Illinois, 44. Olivier, Nicholas, I'rairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Ollivier, Donatien, priest of Kaskas- kia, 20. Omier, Jean llaptiste, Kaskaskia mili- tia, 1700, 87. Ordinance of 1787, mention, 56, 106, 108, III. O'Reilly, Don Ale.xandro, Spanish com- mander at New Orleans, 235, 236. Orr, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 182. Ottawa Indians, 40. Owen, Hannah, mother of John Todd, '55- Pagan, David, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Page, Etienne, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 74. Page, Joseph, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 78, 9/. Page, Lieut. -Gov. John, letter to John Todd, 190. Pancrass, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 91. Pancrass, Marrain, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 91. Pancrasse, Therese, widow, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71 ; heirs of, .St. Clair County, 1783, 73. Parard, Etienne, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 77. Parisian, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 91.. Parke, Benjamin, delegate from Indi- ana Territory, 108, 109, no. III. Pazet, Mile. , 254. Pearson, Capt. , at <^uebec, 1777, 266. Pecard (Picard), Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83. Peck, Judge James II., 123. I'ees, see Peoria. Peltier, alias Antaya, Capt. Antoine, militia of Randolph Co., 1790, 86. 87, 96. Peltier (Pelletier, Pettie), Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 69, 71, 12>, 85, 91- Peltier (Pelletier), Michel, alias Antaya, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73- Peltry account, 1779, 184, 218, 219. Penn, William, 54. Pensoneau (Pinsonneau), Etienne, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. Pensoneau ( Pansinneau, Panconneaux), Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 91. I'eoria, 111., formerly Fort Clark, 23, 268; letter of inhabitants of, to Roche- blave, 268. Syn., Le Pe, Lee Pee, Opa, Pay, Pays, Pe, Pees, An Pay. Perie, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83. Perier, Baptiste, entitled to donation, 97- Perier, Catherine, widow, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 67. Perio, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Perrault, J. F., New Orleans, 189, 193. t INDEX. 379 219. bie, St. yK 23, IRoche- ee ]'ee, li l*ay. |nilitia, lation, fam. , imily, V 193- I'errin, Jean Baptiste, head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64; Prairie dii Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Perrot, Nicholas, member of Court of Vincennes, 165. Perry, Rev. Francis Noel, grandson ol Noel le Vasseur, 54. Perry (Perrey), Jean Fran(,ois, St. Clair- ; County militia, 1790, 92, 105. Peyster, Maj. Arent Schuyler de, 227 n, 247, 260 n, 263; letter to Haldimand, cited, 248 n; letter of, cited, 256 n. Picard, Pierre, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64; St.Ciair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 87, 92, 178. Pickaway, the, 206. Pierce, President Franklin, 131. Piggot, Capt. James, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 59, 64, 73, 78, 79, 79 n, 80, 92, 93, 94; roll of company of, in first militia regiment, Apr. 26, 1790, 78; Sept., 1795, 93. Piijgot, Levi, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92, 94. Piggot, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, "1790, 79, 92, 97- Pilet, Charles, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 92. Pilet, Louis, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 92. Pilet, Michel, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 83, 92. Piper, Daniel, entitled to donation, 97. Pipps, Windsor, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Placey, Capt. , 173. Point Pleasant, battle of, 155. Poirier, Joseph, alias Desloges, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73; St, Clair-Co. militia, 179c, 84, 89, 92; head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 68. Poirier, Joseph, jr., alias Desloges, head of family, St. Clair Co., 1790, 84, 89. Poirier, Paul, dit Desloges, St. Clair- County militia, 1 790, 84, 92. "Poliuto," Franc li. Wilkie's uom de p'ume, 138 n. I'olk, President James Knox, 133. Pollock, Oliver, of New Orleans, let- ters. Col. Todd to, 191; to Col. Todd, 193; mention, 192, 213, 218, 219, 220, 223, 228. I'ond, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 94- Pope, Nathaniel, sec'y of 111. ler., 21, 38; fac-simile, 39; 109, 123. Pope, Pierre la, Cahokia, 1 783, 72. Portage des Sioux, Mo., 20, 81 n, 83 n. Porter, ( Jov. Ceo. 15., of Michigan, 133. Porter, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79, 92, 94, 97- Porter, R., of Kaskaskia, 147. Portugais, Manuel, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Post of Arkansas, 136. Post St. Vincent, see Vincennes, Ind. Potomac River, 100, 233. Polosi, Mo., formerly Mine a Breton. 118, I39n. Pottawatomie country, 49. Pottawatomie Indians, 40, 44, 47, 51, 78 n, 255, 264. Poupard, Joseph, alias Dormeur, head of family, St. Clair County, 1783, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Poupard, Seryt. Paul, alias Lafleur, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. miUtia, 1790, 81, 92. Poupard, Therese, wid. Langlois, heatl of family, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Powell, Gen. Menry Watson, 256 n. Powell, Eliza, first wife of John Rice Jones, 125. Powell, Richard, 125. Powell, Mary, 125. Powers, (ieorge, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 79, 92, 97- Poweshiek, Indian chief, 134. Prairie du Chien, Wis., 46. Prairie du Pont, etc., in 1783, heads of families at Cahokia, 71, 55. Prairie du Rocher and St. Phillips, in- habitants of, in 1783, 66; militia officer of, 1779, 164; mention, 55, 56, 58, 63. Pressley, Peter, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Prideaux, Gen. John, 233. Prince of Wales' Own Regiment, 75th foot, 254 n. Prince, Wm., member of slavery con- vention at Vincennes, 1802, 105. Pring, Nathaniel C, 84. Provant, Antoin, res. of St. Clair Co. , 1790, 75- Provost, Jean Baptist e, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. I'rovost (Prevost), Corp. Bartholomew, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Provot (Provau), Pierre, head of fam., Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 75. Quiquette, John, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76. Quirk, Capt. , 205. Mii»4ii»?. mmm IPPTT il^. 380 EARLY ILLINOIS. r ! 1; ! lift ■11 I' >: R Racine, Marie, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, Radford, John D., of St. Louis, 24. Raine, Elizabeth, widow, head of fam- ily, St. Clair Co., 1783, 64, 73. Ralls, Hon. Daniel, 122. " Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Coun- ties, 111., History of, " cited, I7n. Raper, Daniel, St. Clair -Co. militia, 1790, 79. 92, 94- Rapelais, Jean Baptiste, alias Genville, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92. Raphael, Theresa, 42, 43. Rassette, , widow of August, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71. Raven, ViUage of the, on the Illinois River, 261. Raynor, Jesse, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92, 94. Reaume, Paul, head -)( fimily, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Reboulla, Madeleine, granu»nother of Pierre Menard, 18 41. Rector, William, '49. Relle, Louis, St Clair-County militia, 1790, ^3- Renards (Fox Indians), 255. Renard, Jean le, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 91. Renaud, Antoine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 98, 314. Renard, Charlote, 98. Renoue, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 67. Renousse, Fran9ois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 92. Renoux, Charles, headoffam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 64, 67. Reynolds, Gov. John, 123, 124, 125, •5'. 153; "Pioneer History of Illi- nois," cited, I7n, I9n, 22n, 81 n, Ii2n, Ii6n, Ii7n, ii8n, 141 n, I58n, 243 n. Reynolds, Hon. Robert, father of Gov. Reynolds, 105, 109, 124, 148 n. Richard, Bartholomew, in Kaskaskia, 1790, 76. Richard, Henry, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Richard, Jean liaptiste, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Richard, loseph, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Richard, Pierre, res. of Kaskaskia in 1783, 199; in 1790, 64, 75. Richardson, George, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 94. Richardson, Ensign William, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, 313, 326, 342, 344. 355- Richelieu River, known also as Cham- bly, Sorel, St. Louis, and St. John, in Lower Canada, 17, 18. Richerville, , St.Vincennes militia, 1787, 166. Riddick, Thomas F., 38. Kigby, Josh., 296. Ritchie, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81, 92. Roberts, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, »795, 95- Roberts, John, of Kaskaskia, 170. Robertson, Edward, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 95. Robin, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 64 n. Robin, Charles, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Robins, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92, 95. 97- Robinson, , of Kaskaskia, 147, 148. Roche, Michel, St. Clair-Co. miUtia, 1790, 92. Rocheblave, Jean Joseph de Rastel, Marquis de, father of Philippe, 231. Rocheblave, Madame Marie de, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 237, 254; letters of, to Haldimand, cited, 237 n, 245 n, 250 n. Rocheblave, Noel de, nephew of PhiUp, 251. Rocheblave, Philippe Francois de Ras- tel, Chevalier de, Noel le Vasseur in employ of, 45 ?; head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64; res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 76; Kaskaskia militia, entitled to donation, 97; Gov. Henry's in- structions regarding his family, 163; sketch of, 231-52; letters of, to Lt.- Gov. Abbott, 263, 264, 281; cited, 242 n; to Lt.-Gov. Hamilton, 262, 280; cited, 240 n; to Bisseron, 279; to Thomas Dunn, 281, 282; cited, 242 n, 243 n; to Carleton, 272, 283, 289; cited, 241 n, 242 n, 243 n; from Carleton to, 253; cited, 239 n; to Gen. Haldimand, cited, 231 n, 245 n, 246n, 247n, 248n, 249n, 25on; from Gen. Haldimand to, 248 n, 250 n; to Mathews, cited, 248 n, 249 n; from Mathews, cited, 249 n; to Germaine, 266, 278; cited, 231 n, 234 n, 237 n, 238 n, 368 n, 240, 241 n; from Rich'd McCarty to, 254; Thomas Bentley's petition to Carleton concerning, 256; Gabriel Cerre's declaration before. ;. I:. Rod Roc i; RocI RodI RodI RogJ tia RogJ Rohi ^BCiwM* -liite-. / INDEX. 381 260; Carleton to Germaine concern- ing, 265 ; letter of Peoria inhabitants to, 268; examination of Henry But- ler before, 269; plans of, cited, 246 n; warrants to, cited, 247 n, 248 n. Rocheblave, Pierre de, nephew of Philip, 251. Rock, , St. Clair -County militia, 1790, 85. Rock Village, Illinois, 48, 49. Rodrigues, Christina, nee Barger, 128. Rodrigues, Diego, 128. Rogers, Benjamin, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 79, 92, 95, 97. Rogers, Col. David, 187, 189, 192, 196. Rohle, Louis, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Roi (Roy), Andre, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Roi (Roy, Roihe), Pierre, alias Cadien, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71; heirs of, St. Clair Co., 1783, 73. Roilhe, Pierre, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Ronn, Jesse, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 79. Rouband to Haldimand, letter of, cited, 250 n. Rougas, Joseph, militia officer of St. Vincennes, 1779, 166. Rouliard, Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Rousseau, Fran9ois, entitled to dona- tion, 97. Royer, Augustin, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Rozier, Ferdinand, of Ste. (ienevieve, Mo., 137. Rumsey, J., of Kaskaskia, 296, et seq. Rupalais, alias Goneville, Jean Baptiste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81. Russell, , 157. Rush, Dr. Benjamin, of Philadelphia, Penn., 100. Rutherford, Larkin, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 95. Ryan, Catherine, widow, head of fam- ily, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Ryan, Josiah, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 67, 80, 92, 94, 97. S Sac Indians, 40, 5t, 52, 263. •Sanba, Catherine, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Sansfacon, Ensign Antoine Harmon, dit of the District of Cahokia, 1779, 72, 164. Saratoga, battle of, 79 n. Sargent, Winthrop, secretary of North- west Territory, 58, 63 n, 96, 96 n. Saucier, Angelique, second wife of Pierre Menard, 20. Saucier, Capt. Francois, 20; head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Ciair-Co, militia, 1790, 80, 81, 81 n, 92; clerk of Court of Cahokia, 1779, 165. Saucier, Lieut. Jean Baptiste, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73, 83 n; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 81 n, 82, 92; member of Court of Cahokia, 1779, 165. Saucier, Ensign Mathieu, head of fam- ily, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73; St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81 n, 83, 92. Schoolcraft, Henry R., 119. Scharf 's " History of St. Louis City and County, " cited, I38n. Schieffelin, Lieut. Jacob, of Detroit Volunteers, 246. Scioto towns, 155. Scott, Judge Andrew, of Virginia, 136. 137, 1.38. Scott, James, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Scott, Hon. John, of Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 123, 138. Scott, John R, Homer, 137. Sequin dit Laderoute, Louis, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 77, 86. Seve, de, Montreal, 276. Severns (Sovereigns), Ebenezer, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. .Seward, Wm. H., sec'y of state, 134. Seybold, Robert, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Shabonee (Shaubena), Indian chief, liv- ing at Peoria, 51, 53. Shannon, William, of Ste. Genevieve, 128. Shawanasee, chief of Peoria Indians, 51. 53- .Shawnee Indians, 22, 185, 206, 212, 232, 233. Shawnee's towns, 204. Shelby, Col. Evan, 222. Shultz, Daniel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Simpson, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 95. Simpson, John Knaresborough, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Sink, Daniel, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 95- .Sioux nation, 131. Slaughter, Col. Geo., 170, 187, 190,218. 38.2 EARLY ILLINOIS. I Smith, Christopher, St. Clair- Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92. Smith, ex-Gov. Henry, 129. Smith, Henry, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64, 178, 183. Smith, Hugh, of Kaskaskia, 186. Smith T, Col. John, duel of, 130, i3on. Smith, Nicholas, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 73. Smith, Peter, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 95- Smith, T., 148. Sonn, Andre, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, Sorel, M. de, commander of fort, 18. Sovereigns, Ebeneazar, St. Clair -Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. Spaniards in Illinois, loi, 194, 195, 203; at St. Louis, 239. Spanish commandant near Kaskaskia, 162; at Ste. Genevieve, 174. .Spanish settlement in Illinois, 211. Spanish piastres current in Illinois, 199. Squires, Michel, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- St. Ange (Onge), Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. St. Antoine, parish in Seignory of Con- trecoeur, Co. of Vercheres, 17, 25. St. Antoine de Richelieu, on Chambly, extracts from the parish registers of, I7n, i8n, 41. St. Asaph Station, Kentucky, 155. St. Aubin, Claude, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92. St. Aubin, Jacque, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 83,92. St. Aubin, Pierre, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83. St. Clair, Gov. Arthur, 21, 29, 56, 58, 58 n, 59, 60, 72 n, 78, 79 n, 80, 82, 95 n. 97 n- St. Clair, James, 82 n. St. Clair, Jane, wife of Wm., 20, 42. " St. Clair Papers, " cited, 58 n. St. Clair, Lieut.-Col. Wm., 20, 42, 69, 73, 82, 83, 84, 85, 93. St. Cyr, John Mary Ireneus, parish priest at Kaskaskia, 43, 43 n. Ste. Gemme, Augustine, wife of Louis Cyprien Menard, 24. Ste. Genevieve, Mo., 23, 77n, 116, 133, 137, 138, 139 n, 143. 162, 235, 255 n. St. Germain, Louis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 81, 92. St. Jean Pierre, Jean Bte. Girard, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. St. Joseph, Mich., Son. St. Michel, see Ciree. St. Michel, dame Marie Fran^oise Ciree, 17, 18. St. Michel d'Yamaska, Canada, 44. St. Philips, village in Illinois, 55, 56, 57, 60,67; inhabitants of, in 1783, 66. St. Pierre, Rev. Father de, 20, 42, 43. St. Pierre, Charles Cadron, dit, head of fam., Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 66, 72. St. Pierre, Fran9ois Derousse, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 75, 77. St. Pierre, Jerome Derousse, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. St. Pierre, Joseph Derousse, St. Clair- County militia, 1790, 86. St. Pierre, Michael Derousse, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64; Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 74, 86. St. Pierre, Philipe Derousse, res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. St. Sauveur, Pierre Locuyer dit, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. St. Ursule, 255 n. St. Viateur's College, 53. St. Vincent, see Vincennes. Stanton, Secretary Edward M., 134. Stanwix, Gen. John, 233. Sterling, Capt. Thomas, in command at Fort Chartres, 291. Stevenson, Samuel, 182. Strother, Hon. Geo. F., 123. Stuart, Judge Alexander, 149. Sullivan (Suliphon), John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Sumner, Charles, senator, 134 Sweeney, Jacob, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Switzler's " History of Missouri, " cited, 121 n, 122 n. Tabeau, Alexis, head of family, Caho- kia, 1783, 69, 71; heirs of, 73. Tabeau, Pierre Antoine, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Tangue, Catherine, widow, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67. Tangue, ^an^ois, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Tangue, Joseph, sr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1 783, 67, 97. Tangue, Joseph, jr., head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67; Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Tanley, , of Kaskaskia, 310. Tardiveau, Bartholomew, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 42, 86. Taumur, Jean Baptiste, head of family, Kaskaskia, (783, 64. ; cor. s mmm INDEX. 383 Caho- air-Co. family, 97- family, Prairie o. kaskia family. Taumur, Marie Anne, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 64 n. Taylor, Waller, of Indiana, no, Tecier (Te\ier), Pierre, St. Clair -Co militia, 1790, 81, 92. Teel (Theel), Levy, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 95. Tellier, Amant, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 85, 92. Tellier, Gabriel, St. Clair-Co. militia 1790, 83, 92. Tellier, Joseph, head of family, Kas kaskia, 1783, 64; militia, 1790, 86. Tennessee River, 200. Terrell, Wm. H. H., secretary of In diana Historical Society, 55. Texas, 22, 129, 131, 132. Thaumur, Jean Baptiste, jr., Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86. Thaumur, Mary Ann, widow, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64 n. Theophile, Mary Louise le May, alias, head of family, Cahokia, 1 783, 68, 70. Thibault, Charles, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Thibault, Fran9ois, head of family, Prairie du Rocher, 1783, 67; at Kas- kaskia, 1790, 75. Thibault, Fran9ois, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Thilmult, Jean Baptiste, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Thiljault (Tibeaux), Jerome, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 76, 86, 97. Thomas, Jesse Burgess, of Kaskaskia, 109, III, 142, 149, 152 n. Thomas (Tomas), Mark, at Kaskaskia, 1790, 77. Thomason, Dr. , of Kaskaskia, 1770, 308. Thuillier, Jacques, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Thuillier, Joseph, Kaskaskia militia, 179c, 86. Thwaite, Reuben G., cited, 2S3n, 254n; cor. sec'y Wisconsin Historical So- ciety, 293. Tobms, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80. Todd, David, father of Col. John, 155. Todd, Edward, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Todd, John, jr., mention, 55, 56, 62 n, 63 n, 66 n, 77 n, 244; sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, 155-8; Record- Book of, 159-86; Gov. Henry's in- structions to, 159; proclamations of, 171, 173. 175. 176; Papers of, 187- 229; mention, 251. Todd, Rev. John, uncle of Col. John, 155- Todd, Levi, brother of Col. John, 155. 244. Todd, Hannah Owen, mother of Col. John, 157. Todd, Thomas, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 92, 95, 97. Todd, William, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Todd's Station, Ky., 156. Toiton, Simon, Prairie du Rocher mili- tia, 1790, 87. Tonton, Fran9oise, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 98. Tomure, Jean Baptiste, sr., head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64, 76. Touchet, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Toulouse, Antonie Barutel Noel, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 75, 85, 86, 97. Toulouse, Fran9ois Barutel dit, Kas- kaskia militia, 1790, 86. Toulouse, Henry Barutel dit, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 85. Toulouse, Joseph Barutel dit, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. Toulouse, Pierre Barutel dit, Kaskas- kia militia, 1790, 75, 86, 97. Tourangeau, Capt. Michel Godin dit, of Kaskaskia, 20, 25, 28, 164, 165; see Michel Godin. Tourangeau, Mad. Theresa St. Gemme Bauvais dit, wid. of Michel Godin, res. of Kaskaskia, 1790, 28, 76, 76 n. Trails across the State in 1820, 48. Transylvania (West'n Kentucky), 155. Transylvania University, 133, 140, 152. Travis, Col. Wm. B., of Texas, 129. Treasury notes, a plan for borrowing $33,333^ of. both belonging to this State and to the United States, 168. Trentham, — — , head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Trigg, Col. Stephen, 211. Trotier, Auguste, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trotier, Clement, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trotier, Fran9ois, head of family, Ca- hokia, 1783, 69, 71, 81; comm't of District and member of Court of Ca- hokia, 1779, 164, 165; heirs of, 73. Trotier, Fran9ois, jr., St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 81. Trotier, Fran9ois, son of Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 92. Trotier, Joseph, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 81 n, 92. ^9mm 84 EARLY ILLINOIS. II , m i Trotier, Joseph, son of Louis, St. Clair- Co. militia, 1790, 82, 92. Trotier, Louis, sr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790. 69, 71. 73. 8'. 92. 'i'rotier, Louis, jr., St. Ciair-Co. militia, 1790, 81, 92. Trumbull, Gen. M. M., 134. Truteau, Jyte, of Peoria, 1778, 269. Tureau (Zureau), Rene, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 93. Turgeon, Francois, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 69, 71, 83, 92. Turgeon, Nicholas, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 82, 92. Turgeon, , widow of Nicholas, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73. U Union prison on Johnson Island, Lake Erie, 135. Unirat & Eirre, Messrs., 276. Vadbonceur, Louis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 85, 92. Val, Amable, of Peoria, 269. Valentine, Dennis, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 82, 92. Valle, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64, 65. VanBuren, President Martin, 133. Vandandaigue, Pierre, dit Gadbois, 41, 42. \anderburgh, Henry, no. Vandet, Jean, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 92. Vasseur, Ambroise le, Prairie du Roch- er militia, 1790, 87, 97. Vasseur, Carrie le, wife of Dr. Monast,54 Vasseur, Edward le, 54. Vasseur, Frederick (Alfred), 54. Vasseur, George le, 54. Vasseur, Joseph le, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Vasseur d'Espagne, Louis le, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 66, 87. Vasseur, Nicholas le, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Vasseur, Noel le, sketch of, by Stephen R. Moore, 44-54; born at St. Michel d'Yamaska, Canada, 1799; in Chi- cago in 1820, 44; entered service of Rocheblave, 181 7, and Amer. Fur- Co., 45; went to Prairie du Chien, 46; trading in the Iroquois with Hubbard, 49; marries Watseka, 50; negotiates at Camp Tippecanoe, 51; appointed agent for removal of In- dians, 53; married in 1837; names of his eight children, 54. Vasseur, Stanislas le, head of family, Kaskaskia, 1783, 63. Vasseur, William le, 54. Vaudreuil, Marquis de, French gov,- general of Canada, 232, 245. Vaudry (Vaudiere), Joseph, head of family, Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, 73. Vaudry, Joseph, jr., St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92. Venault, Joseph, of Peoria, 1 778, 269. Vigo, Col. Francis, 19, 105, 109, no. Villaret, Corp. Francois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 83, 92. Villaret, Louis, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Villiers, Neyon de, 234. Vincennes (Poste Vincene, Post Vin- cennes, St. Vincent), capital of Indi- ana Territory, 21, 33, 34, 35, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64 n, 75 n, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, no, 139 n, 140, 142, 152 n, 167 n, 191, 194, 198, 199, 204, 208 n, 223, 241, 242, 260 n, 262, 267, 273, 289, 306, 314, 315, 346; petition of certain inhabitants of, to governor of Northwest Ter'y, 97; University of, no; civil and military officers for 1779, 165. "Virginia State Papers," cited, 190, 193. 195. 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 208, 2n, 212, 213, 216, 221. Virginian Archives, 260 n. Viviat, , of Kaskaskia, 259. Vizina, Joseph, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 82, 92. Voss, Henry, St. Clair-County militia, 1795. 95- W Wabash Company, claims of, based on Wm. Murray's purchases of lands from Indians, 256 n. Wabash Indians, 100, 102, 185. Wabash routes, 272. Wabash Regiment, 103. Wadle, Alexander, St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 92, 95. Wadle, David, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 92, 95. Wadle (Waddel), Jesse, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 93, 95, 97. Wallace, Caleb, 221. Wallace, George, no, 133. Ware, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 93- INDEX. 3«5 Ware, Hardy, vSt. Clair-County militia, •790, 93. 95- Warrant for execution of negro, John Todd to Richard Winston, 172. Washington, Gen. George, 20, 58, iijn, 245. Watseka, Indian girl, of Rock Village, 111., married to G. S. Hubbard and afterward to Noel le Vasseur, 50. Wattape, , widow, head of family. Cahokia, 1783, 69, 71, Watts, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Wea Indians, allied with the British in 1781, 256 n. Webster, Daniel, 134. Wells, Heaton (Haydon), head of fam- ily, Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. West, Isaac, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 80, 93, 95, 97. Western Military Institute, Nashville, Tenn., 135. Wharton, Samuel, of Philadelphia, a joint owner of land near Kaskaskia; of Boynton, W. & Morgan, 292, et seq. White, Laton (Leighton), St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 80, 93, 97. Whiteside, I)avis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, George John, St. CIair-(_o. militia, 1795, 95. White.side, Jacob, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, Joel, St. Clair-Co. militia. 1795, 95- Whiteside, John, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795. 95- Whiteside, John Johnson, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, John Louis, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside Station, settlers of, in 1795, 93".. Whiteside, Uel, .St. Clair-Co. militia. 1795. 95- Whiteside, William, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, Wm. Bolii., St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795, 95. Whiteside, William Young, Kaskaskia militia, 1790, 86, 95. Wickliffe, Robert, married Mary Owen Todd, 157. VVideman, Thomas, of Kaskaskia, 149. Wilkie, Franc B., Chicago journalist, 138 n. Wilkins, Col. John, British comman- dant of Illinois country, 235, 236, 253". 254n, 257, 292, 297; orders Court of hnquiry at Fort Chartres. 321 56. Wilkinson, George, .St. Clair-Co. mili- tia, 1790, 80, 92, 97. Wiley, James, head of family, Kaskas- kia, 1783, 64. Will County, 111., 48. Williams, James, of Kaskaskia, 159. Williams, John, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Williams, Joseph, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1795- 95- Williamsburg, Va., mention, 156, 189, 229, 260 n, 290 n; letters dated at, 159, 190, 198, 218, 227. Wi ling, James, descends the Ohio and captures fur-traders, 242, 243, 273, 281, 283, 284, 285. Wilson, lames, St. Clair-Co. militia, •795, 95- Wilson, Hon. Samuel Montford, 138. Winn, Thomas, .St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 85, 92. Winnebago Indians, 40. Winona and .St. I'eter Railroad, 131. Winston, Richard, a res. of Kaskaskia, prior to 1783, 64; a military prisoner, 1782, 159, I59n; com'd't at Kaskas- kia, 1779, 164, 335; sheriff of Kas- kaskia, 165; witness, 170; Col. John Todd's instructions to, 172; letter to Col. Todd, 208, 221 n; partner of Pat. Kennedy, 257 n; treacherous to the British cause, 289; a witness in Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres, 293, 336, 339, 341. Winston, Mrs. Richard, widow,- at Kaskaskia, 1783, 64. " Wisconsin Historical .Society's Collec- tions, " cited, 23in, 232n, 233n, 2Sin. Wisconsin River, 47. Wise, Henry A., congressman, 134. Wistill, Martin, taken prisoner by the Shawnees, 206. Witmer, Geo., St. Clair-Co. militia, 97. Witmer, George, jr., Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87. Witmer, Nicholas, Prairie du Rocher militia, 1790, 87, 97. Woods, Charles, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Worley, John, St. Clair-County militia, 1790, 93, 95- Worley, Joseph, 182. Worley, Samuel, St. Clair-Co. militia^ 1790, 80, 93, 95, 97. W^right, Silas, senator, 134. Wyeth, Dr. Jacob, of Cambridge, Mass., 137. ">*«»« 386 EARLY ILLINOIS. Wykoff, William, head of family, Kas- kaskia, 1783, 64. Wynne, Lieut. Lewis, member of Court of Enquiry, 297, et seq. ^'ankton, Okobojo & Fort Buford Rail- road Company, 131. \ellow-Head, Indian chief, 48, 50. Young, Fran9ois, St. Clair-Co. militia, 1790, 93- Zippe, George, St. Clair-Co. militia, '795, 95- Zippe, Joseph, St. Clair-County militia, 1795, 95- Zippe, Peter, at Cahokia in 1783, 69, 71. 73, 80, 93, 95, 97. Zureau (Tureau), Rene, St. Clair-Co, militia, 1790, 82, 93. I ■! f It J «:s ll I' if I S i FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES, No. 8 4, rERQUS PRINTINQ OOMPANV, OHIOAOO. ■*a*««MlHaMMilHM EARLY ILLINOIS. t 1 ; ~ * '•, ■% I l«llll l(l|fHIIII|llli iJlUl,, (,,«! 'IW'" wi!H'lW't"i«t '.>!^. -.» 1 * FERGUS' HISTORICAL SERIES. Nos. 81, 32, 33, and 34 Vol.. ONE- Parts I, II, m, iv. EARLY II ;- ILLUSTRATED. RK PRINTED l'Ri:).\I Vol. IV, Ckicaod Historii:ai. .So.iktv's Collections ; "E.VRLY CH[i\.t.M AND IlLLNoIS." i CHICAGO: FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 1890. n i \i 4 ■■S^iWrt^kitt'ai'ivts ■ ■^gj— M i^ iWiw / FERGUS- HISTOF^ICAL .JURIES, Nos. 31. 32, 33, and 34 CONTENTS OF EARLY ILLINOIS PARTS I, II, III, AND IV, PART I. List of Illustrations, ..--.. 12 Menard, Pierre, Sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, - - 17 Pierre-Menard Papers: Ante-Nuptial Contract between Pierre Menard and Miss Therese Godin, June 13, 1792, - 25 Pierre Menard's Commissions as Major of Militia, - 29 Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of the Courts of Randolph County, - - - - - -31 Pierre Menard and John Edgar's Commissions as Asso- ciate Judges, Criminal Court, Randolph County, - 31 Pierre Menard's Commission to take Testimony in Land- Office Claims, ------ 34 Pierre Menard's Commission as Judge of Court of Com- mon Pleas, Randolph County, - - - - 34 Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieut. -Colonel First Reg't Randolph Co. Militia, under the Laws of Indiana Terr'y, 35 Pierre Menard's Commission as Captain of Infantry in Louisiana Territory, ----- 36 Pierre Menard's Commission as Lieut. -Colonel First Reg't Randolph Co. Militia, under the Laws of Illinois Terr'y, 38 Pierre Menard's Commission as Indian Agent, - 39 Lewis Cass and Pierre Menard's Commissions to make Indian Treaties, ----- 40 Record of Marriage of Pierre Menard's Parents, - - 41 Record of the Baptism of Pierre Menard, - - 41 Record of the First Marriage of Pierre Menard, - - 42 Record of the Burial of Pierre Menard, - - 43 Vasseur, Noel le, by Stephen R. Moore, - - - 44 Lists of Early Illinois Citizens, Introduction by E. G. Mason, 55 Heads of Families in Kaskaskia in or before 1783, - 61 Inhabitants of Prairie du Rocher and St. Philips in 1783, 66 Heads of Families in Cahokia and its Environs in 1783, 67, 69 Heads of Families at Cahokia, Prairie du Pont, etc., 1783, 71 Liste des Habitans resident aux Kaskaskias en 1790, 74 ^4 6 6 ,3 6 10 EARLY ILL .\Oi. m Lists of Early Illinois Citizens: Capt. Piggot's Company in First Militia Regiment, April 26, 1790, - - - 78 Roll of Capt. Francois Saucier's Company, August i, 1790, 80 Roll of Capt. Jean Baptist Dubuque's Company, Aug. i, 1790, 82 Roll of Capt. Philip Engel's Company, August i, 1790, 84 Roll of Militia of Kaskaskia, August ■!, 1790, - - 85 Roll of Militia of Prairie du Rocher, August i, 1790, 87 General Return of St. Clair County Militia, August i, 1790, 88 Capt. Piggot's Company in First Militia Regiment, 1795, 93 Names of the Persons entitled to the Donation of 100 Acres of Land for Militia Service in Counties of Ran- dolph and St. Clair, ------ 95 Petition of Certain Inhabitants of Vincennes, - - 97 PART II. Jones, John Rice, by W. A. Burt Jones, - - - 99 Jones, John Rice; Gen. Augustus; Hon. Myers Fisher; Gen. Geo. Wallace; William Powell; Eliza; and Harriet, 129 Jones, Rice, by W. A. Burt Jones, - - - - 140 PART III. Todd, jr., Col. John, Sketch of, by Edward G. Mason, - - 155 John Todd's Record-Book; Gov. Henry's Instructions to Col. Todd, 159 List of Commissions, Military and Civil, License for Trade, . _ - _ . Letter to the Court of Kaskaskia, - - - Plan for Borrowing $33,333 'j of Treasury Notes, both be longing to this State and the United States, Copy of the Instructions, etc., on the Borrowing Fund, Bond of Commissioner, _ - _ _ Proclamation of, prohibiting New Settlements, fac-simile in English and French, _ . - . Warrant for Execution; John Todd to Richard Winston, John Todd to Nicholas Janis, - - - Proclamation of, concerning Continental Money, - Order to Hold Court, - - - - Letter to Spanish Commandant at Ste. Genevieve, Proclamations of, concerning Provisions for Troops, Notice conctrning Called-in Currency, Record of Order on Governor of Virginia, Condemnation Proceeding; Court Record, - Oath of Allegiance ; Court Record, Peltry Account, _ _ _ - . Entries by Col. Todd's Successor, I f 164 166 or V Rc - 167 1- 168 i6g - 170 171 I, 172 172 i' - 173 ' 174 - X74 1 175. 176 1 - 177 177 - 178 179 184 jL Co 1 Im 185 R CONTENTS, II John-Todd Papers : Col. John Todd, jr., to Governor of Virginia, 187 John Page, Lieut.-Gov., Jo John Todd, Co. Lieut, etc.f 190 Col. John Todd, jr., to Col. P. Legras, - - - 190 Col. John Todd, jr., to Oliver Pollock, - - - 191 Oliver Pollock to John Todd, County Lieut, of 111., acknowl- edging receipt of his, by the hands of Mons. Perrault, 193 Col. John Todd, jr., to Gov. Jefferson, - - - 193 Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark to Col. John Todd, - - 195 Lieut.-Col. J. M. P. Legras to Governor of Virginia, - 198 Thos. Jefferson to the Hon. the Speaker of House of Delegates, 199 John Dodge, Indian Agent, to Gov. Jefferson, - - 200 Col. John Todd, jr., to Gov. Jefferson, 204, 205, 211, 212, 213, 216 Richard McCarty to John Todd, Esq., - - - 206 Richard Winston to Col. John Todd, - - - 208 Col. John Todd to the Governor of Virginia, - - 213 Board of Commissioners to Benj. Harrison, Governor of Virginia, concerning Col. John Todd's, jr.. Accounts, etc., 218 Col. John Montgomery to the Hon. the Board of Commis- sioners, for the Settlement of Western Accounts, - 221 Thomas Jefferson to Col. Todd, - - - . 227 PART IV. British Illinois— Philippe de Rocheblave, Sketch by E. G. Mason, 231 Rocheblave Papers : Sir Guy Carleton to Rocheblave, - 253 Richard McCarty to Rocheblave, Petition to Carleton concerning Rocheblave, Declarj 'on of Gabriel Cerre, Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton, Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott, Sir Guy Carleton to Lord George Germaine, Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine, - Inhabitants of Peoria to Rocheblave, 254 256 260 262 263, 264, 281 265 266 - 268 Examination of Henry Butler before Rocheblave, at Ft. Gage, 269 Rocheblave to Carleton, ----- 272 Rocheblave to Lord George Germaine, - - - 278 Rocheblave to Bosseron at St.Vincennes, - - 279 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Hamilton, - . - 280 Rocheblave to Lieut.-Gov. Abbott, - - - 281 Rocheblave to Thomas Dunn, Treasurer, Quebec, 281, 282 Rocheblave to Carleton, ----- 283, 289 Court of Enquiry at Fort Chartres, 1770, by Hon. John Moses, 291 Index, .-.----- 357 *.!.« 12 EARLY ILLINOIS. ILLUSTRATIONS. m m 1 *>■ Jones, John Rice, from an oil portrait by John J. Douberman, in winter of 1823-4, owned by his son, Hon. Geo. \V. Jones of Iowa, 99 Menard, Pierre, from a portrait in Chicago Historical Society, by Chester Harding, ...... 25 Proclamation of Col. John Todd, jr., June 15, 1779, fac-simile from Autograph Letters, Chicago Historical Society, Vol. 72, . 171 Vasseur, Noel le, from a photo, by W. H. Beebe, Kankakee, 111., about 1870, .......44 S n if HIWWiiKimi' II' fi i'ti ippii