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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ADDRE^SS DELIVERED BV R. R. McLEOD, ON THE m EuoW Mrsarjf ji'. •ij ,jfe©:i9ii. OF THE \';t.s »do"is -»"•> ts only record upon itB ample i peace aud l^^f^^ .^ j,oi • rx^rdfih^^-rhrtS^^^^^^^^^^^^ ther afraid nor dismayed, iu ^ to trend tear re of their liyes was shaped by stalwart underlying virtnes. If they wore with us to-day they would disclaim any Hpecial credit, knowing right well how seemingly poor were all their deeds and doings, all their chopping and clearing and home-making to earn a lirinp here. Tnev were too near their task to see what fine qualities they were using, ami what their work would look like at a longer range of years. It takes time to bury out of sight the petty incidents and trifling blemishes, and present the heroic features of any life. We can now readily see that the peeple who left their homes and all their comforts and attractions, and made them farms and homes in those lonely forests were no idlers in the journey of life. Such men and wo- men, the world oyer, form the elements that presoryo human society, that oleyates it above savage conditions. Out of their ranks are bom individuals of conspicuous talents or command- ing genius, who serve the world ai leaders in every line of hu- man conquest. A famous writer, Carlyle, in scarce concealed contempt ror his race, has declared that the history of mankind is nothing but the history of the great men who have lived in the world. We venture to utterU diflfer from that conclusion, and assert that the true history of mankind is the history of tlie rank and file of human nature. The progiess of civilization is most largely due to the conduct of millions whose voiy names have perished in the lapse of years, but whose jprtictico of lowly virtues helped to elevate the standard of conduct and give per* manency to wine institutions. It is not always nor often that the most striking features of even a landscape are the most useful to man. Cloud-capped mountains in rugged raujgos, graceful palms and pines, and restless seas, are ever bidding for poet's praise and artist's eyes, but the lowly grass is little heeded. vVho among us often pauses to think what a dreary world it would be without this living carpet of green, this iuuuiUDrable host of blades and spears, covering hills and plains and mead- ows, furnishing food for herds that feed on its bounties by day, and sleep on its yielding couch by night. Thus with tne virtues of humble people, while they are not conspicuous, thoy are none the less important, and contribute by far the strongest elemtnt to human })rogress Intellectual genius without goodness is re- pulsive and dangerous, but where theie is heart enough for love, and pity, and charity, and brain enough to set them to work, then all graces may be added thereto. There can be no grand- eur of character baaed on selfish motives and sordid ambitions. The JSuprem* Power that preserves ^he universe finds its highest expression in a lowly gervice that a peasant may perform. It is not Newton of miglitv intellect, but John Howard, the philan- throphist. who trod the open but unfrequented road to immortal fame through the priaona of Europe. (.< ■ The pioneers of this Diatrict expected pq oowm«mor»tion. They liyed in an oldcfashioned. world of tindec boxes, .c«iid)e0 and Dutch ovens, and fijeplaces. They raised their own grain, wove their own cloth, ana matched themselves against; lihe difificulties of their situation. Without vigor of body and forti- tude of mind they could not overcome the forests that possewied the land. In that kind of an encounter one gains far more than fruitful acres, for these grim obstacles become his opportunitws. Courage mounts with occasion, and qualities of great worth Jto the world are developed under such conditions. It is fit ting at this distance of a century from the beginning to take a backward look across the gulf of ye irs. Hore and there among us axe those who still remember the forms, and faces, and voices oi the very first to settle h(^re. Never ii tlie history of the world has there been any apnroach, within the limit of a hundred yes.rs, to the vast chanj^os tliai hiive been wrought in the condition of mankind in this Wonderful Nineteenth Century ! The triumphs of science and art iu this c(»mp?irative1y brief period have been po fjreat that we seem to livti in an a^^e far remote from ereu the fathers of many here present. They seem aim jst like a people of a dim antiquity. .c v> vit ; . / A brief contrast of then and noiv will enable us the better to understand tl.o past, find The people whom wo wish to commem- orate. Wm. lUu'ke, the first white man to s.>ttle here, the first to point out ihe value of this district, was .iruiwd with a flint lock gun,, carried flint and steel and tinder to kmdle a fire, as did men of remotest times. His cabin, at bust, was lighted with candles or fish oil because kerosene was unknown. Cotlon cloth was too scarce and dear fur him or his family. Carpets were expensive luxuries. Sugar was too dear for more than occasional use. Rubber goods had not been invented. There were no sewing machines, or knitting machines. There were no steamers and no railways. No telegraphs, telephones^ or phonographs. Steam had not been applied to machinery, and electricity was a plaything of science that had not been hameisf d to do the work of myriad men, and light the cities of the world. Printing presses ^ere all run by hand, and a small weekly news- paper cost $5.00 per annum. There were no photographers anid no lithographs, and colored prints of all kinds were unknown. f Q. Ifc is I philan- mmortftl ijiBt; itbe ind forti- lore tb«kn rtuniij^B* worth Ito fitting ft* backward r us Are ees oi the )eeii any ) the vast lankind in of science J FO {zreat le fathers eople of a 5 better to corainom- the first to I, flint lock ire, ai did rhted with I Cot*on , Carpets more than ed. There rhere were 5phono«v <*^ hinory, and 1 hamewf d i the world, jekly newj- aphor* and unknown. Wheh Mr. Burke drore a nail it Had been made by hatid, when he* bbted a hole it was with an auger that had no screw. A!ll piiper was made from race, and was therefore an expenisive irti- el^. Steel was costly, all manufactured in shiall quantities, atid used so eoomicall^ that edge tools were only faced with it, or had bits of it inlaid on the cutting side. Not a city in the world had other artificial light than lanterns, for gaslight had not been produced. There were no cook stoves, no wasn hoard*, no ttlothes lines, nor clothes pins. The great West of tlie United States and Canada was an Indian hunting ground, whore now grows the wheat and corn for scores of millions. Tlierd were no great flour mills, no reapers, and mowing machinis, and threshing machines, nor any other labor saving device for har- vesting, or haying, or planting. There was no canning, and no cold storage, and no ice making machines, and theso inventions have revolutionized the distribution of food for man an I bsa»t. ' ■ Almost everyone of these inventions and disoov sries baar dii^ectly on our everyday lives, and in thus acting h ; /e placed us almost in another world, so far as manner of livi ig is con- cerned. But in other directions closely connected with our welfare and interests, great strides have been made. One hundred years ago, when a doctor arrived at the bod- tide of a patient, as a rule he was immediately in gr ;ftter paril than he was before. If he had any fever he was bled, cold water was denied him, fresh air was shut out, and poison calom- el was sent down his throat ; if the patient recoverel it was a striking proof of either his good constitution or Providential interposition. All this outr^eoui treatment has beconia obsolete, and a patient is now given a chance for his life. Equipped with delicats instruments of investigation, provided with more efficient drugs, ampler kilowledge, the physician of to- day may truly minister to suft'ering humanity, and improve the chanc«s for recovery. The discovery of ether and chloro- form, and their apjncatioas to suflf^ring mortals, must be reckoned bnlsof the greatest ii^chievemeuts of bur a^e. The Use of antrsej)tics in preventing «idppuration in wounds, deserves also' to be'' classed in the first rahk 6f peaceful conquests. All these disdoVeiies and inveihtioils T have named, and a> great matgr more, hA,V6 a direct practical bearing on' the maanar of human life. Th^y change our mode of travel, our hoiises,, our furniture, our clothing, our amusements, oiir eduOsttiohal advant- ages, and general comforts of living. But there are other dis- coveries and inventions that are of far-reaching import, bat do not so promptly amd practically a£fect the current of ordinary 6 exitteoce, and yet are silently and rapidly changing the eduoa- tional basis ana mental outlook of mankind. The mind of man has suddenly awakened in this gen«ration as neyer before on so grand a scale. All known realms of inyestigation haye been extended until the text books of almost eyery science are worth- ]»BS as sources of information, if they were written but a quart- er of a century ago. We are separated from the man and the eyent we came here to commemorate, n )t oaly by one huadre J reyolutions of the earth around the sun, bat by scores of inv sit- ions and discoyeries that hava changed our m inner of life, our modes of thought, our mathols of work, our food and our clothing, till we are far removed from tlie diys that may be readily recalled by our oldest inhabitants. If Mr. Burke could loin us this afternoon, in the flesh, although he has been absent but 64 years lacking exactly one month, he would hardly trust his senses for what ho saw and heard. The hilU and meadows and natural features would seem fairly familiar, buii all beside "would appear like another world from that he had once known BO well. Inside the houses, the lamps, the organs, the cook stoves, the match boxes, the picture*, the phoiogc'ip'is, the illustrated papers would all be new to him. Safety plus, clotheg Eina, breech loading guns, bicycles, iron axles, screw augurg, orinq machines, mowing machines, horse rakas, side hill plows, would be all new and strange objecks to his eyea. Whei he ba- gan to read the news, he would find such wor Js as telegram, telephone, bicycle, automobile, X-rays, locojiative, steamar, and photograph, with scores of others, and the maaniug of all would be unknown. The fashion and material of clothing, the gay hats and bonnets, the machine made shoes, the white sugar, the fine flour, the top buggies would be a medley of novelties. Only by some such illustration as this can we at all adequately realize the march of events, and the diffdrenea between then and now. It will be no improper divergence from my theme if I eon- tinne to contrast the past and the present, and introduce still other peaceful triumpns that distinguish this nineteenth oen< inry. Not alone in material inventions are Wa differently sitaa- ted than the people here in the early days of settlement. Be- forms of great injustices and abases have wrought most import- ant changes since then, and these in turn have acted on our sentiments and opinions. In the beginning of this centnry, the use of intoxicating liquozs as a beverage was almost universal. Since then a ^eat improvement has been made through temperance organizations, ■•rrilM. eduofr- )f man e on 80 e been worth- I qaart- emd the aadrel in^. 3ftt- iife, oar ,nd oar m.ij be te C3ald ' I a^sgnt ly tru^t . aeadjwi II baiide 19 known y the cook V )'i3, tlie . ,, clothoa au^iiM, .Uplow.i, nhs bs- ielegram, ,in3r, and all wonld the gay ug&r, the novelties, deqaately reen then if I «on- >daoe still anth oen- itij sitna- kent. R©- •t import - ted on oar toxicating ,en a ^eat nization3, and zealous laborers in this work. The first meeting called in this district in the interest of total abstinence had William Burke in the midst, and he then and there placed his name on the pledge in the presence of bis neighbors, and remarked as he did so that "strong drink had been the curse of aU his life." And Mr. Smith here at my elbow, remembers the earnestness of his accents. As Mr, Burke was not greatly addicted to its use, we might infer that the curse had thrown him on the cold charity of strangers when still a child, and orphaied him with- out the intervention of death. His action on thit occasion was of great good to the commuaity, and many followed his example ou the spot, and all this district ever after was safer and sounder for that timely reform. Within this period all over the civilized world, the legal standing of woman han been greatly improved and even in this corner of the earth some serious disabilities have been removed by statute, thus permitting her to own property and transact basinoss in her proper name, even as a married woman with tne enoum%ranc3 m many cases of a living husband. When the first cabin was built on these acres, all the Christian nations were slave traders, and between three and four million negroes Were in bondage. To day not a single nation in Christendom that has not put away this iniquity by legislation, or witnessed its overthrow, by a mightier power. Within the recollection of many of us a debtor might be imprisoned for life, and until Charlie Dickens turned the white h'ght of his pityin(( genius on this monstrous cruelty, the prisons of the British empire con- tained these unfortunates by thousands. A most significant and encouraging omen of our day is the Peace Conference in session in Holland at the suggestion of the Czar, in reality a famous paHiament consisting of notable men accredited by the great nations to confer and debate upon the best means by which war may be avoided through peaceful arbitration. Some advances have been made by this Parliament of Peace ; other good results must follow, and in the long run all cannons will be silenced, all swords will be sheathed, all armies disbanded and men by millions will no longer be turned from peaceful pursuits, to be drilled in murderous manoeuvres and deadly de vices of war. Many are the signs of the better day, and not the least among them is the unwritten alliance of all sections of the English speaking peoples. Ancient misunderstandings, blunders, spites aud jealousies shrivel into 8V cinders before the healiblcr spirit and nobler sympathy, everywhete m»ni- fest among them. Even here and now the new and nobler patriotism has flung to the eager air on equal terms Great Britain^s flag that flouts the winds of all climes, and the star-spangled banner of the great Republic sprung from her fruitful loins. The sentiment that here or anywhere entwines these national emblems, is far grander than the spirit that kindles the flame of international strife. We have a common heritage in lineage, in language in laws, literature and religion, and these are the great factors of national life and destiny. These primal elements will determine the scope of nntional orbits, and the signiflcance of their careers. The Anglo Saxons can, with their present vantage ground, dominate the world in the interest of a common humanity, if they can conquer their own greed and lust for empire, and recognize the dignity of their mission and the scope of their opportunity. Failing in this they will fail in all, for there can be no permanent prosperity founded on unrighteousness. Their sceptres would fall from their hands, and the ruins of their empires would be reckoned with other ruins of wicked kingdoms and commonwealths that have perished forever. j^^.„ t- uti r wf/. • i i^'..^ ."-v.-Ji/^-j >. At the beginning of this century no nation in the world hiad i system of common schools, and the great majorities of the people could neither read nor write. In such schools as there were outside the towns in this province there were no maps, no blackboards, no globes. Books were scare and very expensive, and not adapted to schools. Teachers were not required to pass an examination. School houses were dens of dis- comfort. That the educational facilities of to-day among us may be pioperiy appreciated, it may be necessary to take this backward glance. ' Not only were the people without public schools where the poorest children may gain a knowledge of the rudiments of learning, but they were also unable to legislate in their own interest. In this connexion it is well for us to remember that during the first forty-eight years of the existence of this district the government of the province was in the hands of twelve high officials, including the Chief Justice and the Bishop of the Church of England, and this body sat with closed doors, and the House of Assembly representing the peo pie, was powerless to legislate in their interests, because no act passed in that body could become law without the consent of this coterie of officials that formed a kind of close corporation, and kept all the plums for themselves. Joseph Howe led the reform that ended in securing a 9 government by the people. He armed them with votes that were no longf^r blank cartridges, but tokens of citizenship, but he could neither be^ow nor bequeath the spirit to use them with integrity And independ- ence in the interests of public welfare instead of private benefits. It would be easy to show that not only our political history has undergone great reforms, but our religious creeds have shared in the changes that inevitably shilt the standpoint of human minds and con- sciences. The written creed may remam unchanged, but minds and hearts are touched by surrounding events, and widened with the process of the suns. A sermon that would have seemed without objec- tion to the first settlers here would now drive out of doors about the whole congregation The preacher is forced by common senti- ments to respect the sacred affections of the human heart, and give more attention to binding up its wounds than wounding its sensibilities. We have in a measure learned that to define ortho- doxy as my doxy, and heterodoxy as another man's doxy\ is not the way to do the roost service for religion. There is no indication that the moral sense, the religious sentiment, or the spiritual intuitions of Christendom have suffered from this relaxing of orthodox dogmas. Quite otherwise is the case. Prisons have been greatly improved. A Red Croas brigade of nurses attei^ the battlefields. Flogging is abolished in some navies ; the death penalty is not enforced for larceny. Missions to allevi- ate human suffering and elevate humanity are everywhere to he found. Hospitals free to all. Schools for the blind, the deaf and dumb, and feeble-minded are common institutions, and belong to this century* Churches and religious organizations are flourishing without a sign of de- cay or dissolution. Turning now for a moment from the aspect of reforms, we'may profit, ably call attention to the wondeiful advancement in the natural sciences. Through a study of the material features' of nature the intellectual horizon of man has been widened. I can but glahce here .md there to indicate Whkt I mean. ui.^uft. ,u» . l „.(u);:|* :.!,;• Ja x\ttii9 u-i I -I r The science of Geology for instance, deals with inc >tructure of the rocks, the means and methods of their formation, the trder of their origins, and the meaning of their fossils. This is a fascinating field of investigation, a poor man's study, a devote pursuit, and a healthy pastime. One hundred years ago there was no such science. All its great names belong to this century. Until then unread. mm undeciphered was the history of this earth inscribed on upturned strata, on mountain flanks and desert sands. But now the press and libraries teem with geological literature, the work of an army of eager devoted seekers after truth. The K^cat museums are enriched by fossil trophies, the spoils and relics of ages, and the representatives of vanished famileis, and extinguished types. To-day a student who has but mastered a small text book of this science has thereby gained an outlook upon nature that reveals this old earth in a light of entrancing interest. It no longer appears to him as a mechanical marvel of six days construction^ but an exhibition of that Supreme Power that works on from everlasting to everlasting ; he may think the Eternal thought may follow the master- mind in the evolution of living forms, and grow in some measure to meet and match the grandeur of his contemplation. Within the last half century the study of plant and animal life has been carried forward from mere collecting and superficial classificationa to a wonderland of marvels. Olear-eyed science carrying no brief for plain- tifT or defendant, with no dogmas to defend, and no prejudices to sustain^ but, strong in the love of truth has, through her devoted and clever ad. herents, investigated the organic world in fossil and living forms, in their modes of growth and reproduction, their progress and decay, and writes over them the word btolution, because it expresses the unfolding or unrolling method of a perpetual creation. This theory contraverts no facts, and furnishes keys for the solution of all difficulties within its range. This much abused, sadly misunderstood theory of creation has enriched the intellectual treasury of mankind by one of the most precious ingotfr of knowledge that ever rewarded the investigations of any epoch or people. Future generations will count this discovery among the crowning dis-- tinctions of this age of many triumphs. Said the Psalmist, — "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars which thou hast ordained, what is man that thou are mindful of him, and the son of man that thou visitest him \" But when we study and contemplate the inventions that men in this cen- tury have produced for the study of moon and stars, and the great dis- coveries accomplished, we may well feel that even the grandeur and magnitude of the heavens shrink into paltry proportions beside the intellectual grasp of the human mind that triumphantly grapples with their profoundest problems. To tell the great triumphs of astronomy during this century requires the pages of a goodly volume. The old )turned ess aDd if eager y fossil raniahed nastered )k upon :. It no iruction^ rerlasting 5 tnaster- e to meet llife has cations to • for plain- to sustain, clever ad- s, in their and writes lioMing or raverls no n its range. ,s enriched ious ingots^ h or people, owning dis- work of thy what is man isitcst him 1" 1 in this cen* the great dis* andeut and beside the rapples with of astronomy ic. The old 11 . textbooks are valueless. Where there was one astronomer, and one telescope, an hundred years ago, nuw there are a thousand. If the stars were visible but once in a century all the world would be out the whole night to see them, but now this city of God is flung into every creature's sight, but without the power to suppress a yawn, or excite a curiosity ta ask a question. When a spectroscope was constructed and adjusted it told the skilful; operator the names of many substances in the sun, in the fixed stars, those other suns, in the wisps of nebulae that fl )at where distance has ex- tinguished all suns like our own, it told of famili ir ^ases and metals, and^. proclaimed that this material universe is all ol d piece. What of it, say . you, I can get neither bread nor raiment out of that discovery 1 If food . and clothing were all to be considered, this would be a fair contention.. If a man have no higher ambition than that, then the bear rooting for - beechnuts on yonder hill stands on that footing ! Such a discovery adds •< dignity to human nature, it is common properly, we may all stick a sprig of it in our caps with commendable pride. Thus it is with all great triumphs, they belong to the race, and if we do not keep track of them^ . and appropriate our share, we are still chargeable with the lost opportunity. One of the principal lessons of this celebration is to compare our opportunities with those of the first settlers here, and ask ourselves if we- have made a proper use of them. Food must be digested and distribut- ed to the whole body, and become a part of it, or it answers no purpose. Opportunities must be seized and utilized if any advantage from them is to • be gained. We have better clothes, better houses, better food, better - furniture, better carriages, more leisure, more cash, less hardships than . the pioneers whom we commemorate. With all of these life should be • worth more to us than to them, but whether it is worth more to of/ters is ; the only test worth a farthing in a proper and wholesome estimate. No - tricks of dress and fine horses and houses will make a man. The inhabitants of this district erected a stone at the grare of Mr. . Burke, and its inscription reads thus in part : — "He was eminently disticguished for those quali tits useful and valuable - in a new country. To an active and enterprising spirit were added those of r industrr and perseverance. He was hospitable to strangers, and of a kind awL.. benevolent disposition toward his neighbors." To arrive at the degree of excellence to deserve such commendatT«e:> from his friends, is after all the finest outcome of living. We may wtHl ,:,',/. 12 vv,-- ■■ - --■-^, ■ '' • of space and titnc* of inc many , ^ ^ ^^^^ permancu^jr mUivation and b„, ,e should bear mm.ndh ^^ ^^^^^ »?»» '*:: j' hoUuty, possession of such vm characteristics o nj^ted and benevolence, '»«'""; p^^ions of early hfe. and J'«J'^,„„ds. and they grew among m«>T P' ^^„„„„dings ol a pn«.m e back ^^ ,„d exercised amid th« "« ^^ ^^._^_^ ^,,^,,.„ » „»„ may T.UW tbere is no honest trad o ^^ ^,^^^^ _^^^ ^.^^^^ ,"" " gtius nor a gentleman and a he o^ ^^^;„„,. ^cither ,;"«™„,^3 „, bene- wiU secure these priceless u necessity ''the vinu ^^ ot backward glance today «.lUva' us ^^^ ai ^elonof value by '^^jr rtr;horo^be P^*-'" ^^^^^^^^ cabin, amid the seclusions of fo _ , nr .ilded saloons. .. ■'' •'*'„^ there was a prompt and lavour °' When this celebration was -J^^it Ln, of the Btne.s andvalue There was * general recoj^u nothing for those ,b,e response. Th re ^^^ g^.^^_^^ ^^^^ ''^"."^food ou' ««'»• ^'^ of tl?« proposal. U « ^^^^ ^^^^a beyond oi^ ^^^ „ho founded our » '^'^ J„,, „„ ,h,i. g««^ J '^'^^"^.re. It « though we gladly rai^d ^^^j^ „„ '""^ , .TcaTa halt on 13 id time, esearch, iety, and ition and )»pitality, rdy naani uUivatcd ck woods, ly not be ;d station genius nor us of bene- iruly live." learn some ir material ettlers, and sure the en- 1 that test ? ■eat dangers, [lis power of untains and such means. ;ss than our- her than our- walls of a log n palace^halls ^ , . I,; ,( tlnc/- pt and favour- lefs and value ing for those : reach. Even no hint of our mmore. It is e call a halt on ih, to duty well er neglect these ,d veneration, it There is no better way to teach these primal elements of character than by personal examples, for then yre see them in action, and feel the force of their qualities. Therefore the lives of saints, and patriots, and philanthropists and pioneers are of the highest educational value. The study and contemplation of such admirable examples of living teach us what to love and what tp hate, what to esteem, and what to despise, and these safeguards of life cannot be learned from any science or conferred by any art. One need not go around the world, nor ransack the centuries to find illustrious examples ot human virtues that may be seen near at hand. Daniel Boone was the prince of pioneers, but we can profit as much from our own William Burke who never drew a weapon on his fellow man, as we can from the intrepid Keniuckian who challenged the mfuriated Indians in their own forests, and pushed the frontier of civilization oyer tb^it dead bodies far into their wild domain. "! Our own hero would have won distinction on a wider field of explo- ration and settlement. He was born at sea, m 1762. He should have been named Peregrinus, a wanderer. The restlessness of the ocean was in his constitution, the breadth of it was in his boundless hospitality, and the depth of it in the simplicity of his character. His parents settled in Halifax where his father, Walter, worked at the blacksmith's trade. When but seven years of age he came to Mills Village, and his childhood and youth were passed in the midst of needless hardships. , . ra When he was 24 year* of age, 1786, he was married to Mary Foster, a younger daughter of Edward and Mary Foster, who had come from Massachusetts and settled in Port Medway. This young woman wa? 18 years of age, and the journey of life ih;it lay unrevealed before her was no primrose path of dalliance. After fourteen years of married life, when four children had been added to the household, she left her home in Port Medway and followed her husband up the river to the spot where we are now assembled. A rude cabin of logs had been prepared, where now the orchard grows. Look where she would all was forest and streams. No roads, no neighbors, no farm, no school nor church. Scantily supplied with cash, but richly endowed with energy and hope, the family become a model of all pioneers, and this brave woman lived to see a flourishing district grow up from their small beginning. Twenty one years she out- lived her husband and fell asleep in the 88th year of her age, in the esteem of all who ever knew her. Up to this day her lowly grave has been unmarked, and it has long seemtd to me that it is a duty we owe to m 14 ^ ■ al«ys "«>«" »'« '"' ^Claude, who was a 6"">"»"'°™ "/gained a I srt'xss.- --rtrirr^;. ...» « habUs, Iheir cu.ioms, »"d mod ^ ^^ h^„ and be , , but their hospitabty, the.r fijl""''' j,„, been forced to abanao :;.a, predated tb^r—^^^^ „, — WeCX' >-. '='^"%'° sCt th'e y c n for an existence amon, .s^ J^^ ^.,, ,i„aiy struggle as bes tney ^ becomes us to tre <,o„fident lands, and the.r l.v.ng, and ^^^ ^^^^ t be ove consideration wherever «e »ee _^^^^^^ ^^^,^ "urden that aU , that all the d»=>'V'a«s^« ^a < ^^ ^^_^_^^ .^ ,,„k Ha ^_^^ and enterpr.se and worth a. al^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ „„ P/^t'The In^'o-Saxons e:iy:r:""-^^^^^^^^^^ - . are now the overmastermg elemen , ^^^_j ^^^^ „^^,„„,. ^ ttarrfed Oarinda «— »• ^ , f„,„„, „„. thrifty populatton. ^830, and his descendants 18 proper praise- iring her lians who (them was :asins and imained a enter this of primal lasons, but us. Here uries, these the primal ind. Their white men, d belief in bandon the ;raiions, and e taken their 11 with kindly )ver confident at all wisdom "Handsome id Satan finds Anglo-Saxons ilities and not IS. .0 call the roll ) settle in this sighbor, James children. Mr. ead of William nd ever after rc- lelbumc. There kookfield about fifty population. The first white child born in the Northern district was Wentworth, a son of Mr. Daley. The first female Mercy, daughter of Richard Carder, and Mary Freeman^ his wife. Mr. Carder must have been one of the very earliest comers. He settled in Pleasant River. A new Englander by birth, and a boat-builder by trade ; a man of energy and enterprize. In 1813 Capt. Josiah Smith, whose wife was a daughter of Citpt. Joseph Barss, bought Mr. Burke's belongings here, and built the first framed house in this country, and a portion ot it still remains a few rods from us beyond the orchard. Mr. Smith built the first grist mill, and his son Stephen, the oldest man in the district who was born here, and the last survivor of his family, is with us to-day, with a clear recollection of almost all the men and women who began these settlements. He alone is left of those who bore Mr. Burk to his grave. Very many of the settlers were either natives of New England, or sons and daughters of New England parents, who came to Liverpool in 1760 from Plymouth, E;istham, Chatham, Sandwich, nnd other town- ships where the earliest Pilgrims and Puritans had settled. No better material to found a nation was ever reared than the families that bade adieu to Old England, braved the dangers and discomforts of the long ocean voyage, and forced a livelihood from the stormy shores and stingy soil of Massachusetts. They had been fairly sifted out of the popu- lation of the Mother country by a providential process to furnish the seed corn for this grand planting in the new western world. In five generations there had sprung from their loins, an illustrious group of transplanted Englishmen. Samuel Adams, John Adams, James Otis, Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Warren, all men of first rank, and secure on the records of fame while the world endures. From that stock came most of the settlers into this country. It is not difficult for me to name by the scores men and women among us who are lineal descendants of Mayflower Pilgrims, an immortal band of heroes whose virtues should fertilize the moral qualit'es and sturdy elements of their descendants for long generations. Say what we wiil to the contrary, there are good and bad breeds of men as well as other animals, and there is a distinct advant- age in the struggle of life to be backed by a wholesome pedigree for a few generations at least. Each and all of us are more or less crippled or handicapped by the defects and sins of ancestors long dead. Hands reach out from forgotton graves of generations ago, still give color to our nnot appTop"*^® *^* virtue. oC . fine P<*«J« *^ .^.^^.el to lc.« a .m.rch * ^^^^ ^^, to keep up the q"^'7;*°,twed b-re several Sc°"^f teulement. They ^''»^' •*; *^ ountrrA Ca>eaon«. to th« , ^^^„ j,,^^ ancient name ° *f ' „„( to the PPP">«"°»- *"/ wrought wide-spread formed a «»'»»'''\'''"", bounties, and r».n h**^ ;'° J „me of these (heir o«n, -here no lano ^^, ^ „»,ionaUties of the early gentry ride through their cor ^^^^ ^j,^ „»„onai ^^^^ ^^^ ■^^ Lch in brief and 8'";"^„ have been '"«"f '^ ^Iiigious libert- settler. of thi. '«« ^ ^ ^ rinjoyncnt of P<^^;;;^ro; b-e.. Only thrifty PoH^Tr'i nor persecution has ever '"'f ^^^„a,, ,e«lers, w^h ^^7:^^^^^. "rn od" e^g: ^o ans«r ail r%r;rresul.in-d,rect,on,sg ^^^„ ^,^,, reasonable demands ^ ^^^ ^,, „f » g«» f ^^i,, ,„„, , new V„y »"'=»' "^"""," the locomotive, '"^ ""h " „;„ h»>s».»-bo .--;:::, ,,,,,„„ ^^^JtL... a„dne« era of living. ^^'^ ""^ ^.^u be new »deas, " measured disappear. V^'"- -".rrr, of ou, P*o"e" t:;:!; help to Weep „ode5 of busmess. 1 he ' ^,,her.ng to flay ^_^^ by fewer as .be years V^^\'^^^^^ ^ere in Vmdly to"* «^h t P^^^^ ^.^^ '^« ''"-"' tVwC^-bTr-utury ha. been comP^^^^^^^^^^ of our iroir :^aar «-- %^:r.he -dy vir.ues and -t ■ ■ " - .•).',.- i ' 1 ■• I < "T ' ' iriate the incentive lur naine. gave Vh® M. They re ^^^y''• ide-spread g of these ) desira>le nd roofs of id no titled of the early a sober and igious libert- otnes. Only seiilers, with that men and few genera- o answer all g. Soon these ,iU come a new landmarks will nions, and new ill be treasured ,iU help to keep ith the past, and d that there wiU . children of our fcurdy virtues and it,:* - / -. N