IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / <;5^^_ ^0 L?. WJa A 1.0 I.I Ui|28 |2.5 •^ 1^ |2.2 ■« I," ^ i:^ 12.0 11.25 III U 1.6 V] V^ c^l V ..^ ^;. /«^ '^ '/m' Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. U580 (716) 873-4503 s m^ ^, V •<^\^ <^ ^ k o^ 'ifc" o a A \ ^O CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obta^'i the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul6e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'c ni re ou da la distortion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^thode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. □ □ D E D D D D This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ duction indiqud ci-dessous. Ce document est film6 au taux de r Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdws et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages dicolortes. tachetdes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages ddtach^es Showthrough/ | Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^es d nouveau'de fa9on d obtenir la meilleure image possible. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X X 1 12X IfX 20X 24X anc 32X 1 aire i ddtails lues du t modifier iger una 1 filmage / jdes ire >y errata ed to mt ne pelure, apon it The copy filmed here hat been reproduced thenke to the o*n*ro»ity of: New Brunswick Muieum Saint John The imegea appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming coritrect specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the lest page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —/^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. IN^aps. pistes, cherts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grice A la gAntrositA da: New Brunswick Museum Saint John Las images suivantes ont itA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetA de l'exemplaire filmA, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en pepier est imprimAe sont filmAs en commandant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illust ation, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la premiire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le CBs: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmi A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche h droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la methode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 32X V ^ick Hitttri^ •1>/l A. D..1874. #v/s/>»/^^^^/* \ 4- . \ SPKCIAI. KEPORT ox TIIK Water Sl jm'i.y a? Saunt John (KAST AND rii rowN OF Portland. IIY CilLJiERT MniDOCIl, Esti., C. E. -V. Am. ii>c. ('. /;. TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERAGE AND WATER SUPPLY. SAINT JOHN, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, OS Prince William Street. 1883. '^ 1^^ iT" ' Tfiit'iiiiP'W?- "''''?Wiiifti''.&'t Offkk ok TlIK CoMMiaslONKKS OK SkWKUAOK AND WATKII SuPPI.Y, ClTV IIaI.L, Pitl.NCK WlI-MAM STKKKT, Saint John, X. R, February 2S/A, I,SS2. (fiLnKiiT MiUDocii, I'lsq., C. E. Sir,— The followinj^ resolution was jiassed this (hiy at a meeting of the CoiiimissionerH: " Wltrrcitx, Th the City was taken from LILY LAKE, \thich was selected as a source of supply in LSoU, by the advice of Col. Baldwin, a then celebrated American l'2ngineer. This Lake has a surface area of about 27 acres and an elevation above City datum of about -SO feet. The first water was given to the City from this source in Octo- ber, 1888, and it was first used for fire purposes during the great conflagration of August 17th, 18o!l, which swej)t both sides of Dock and Nelson streets as well as the North Market Wharf and i)art of Union street, and destroyed in its progress upwards of eight hundred thousand ($800,000) dollars worth of i)ro})erty. The fire ])lug used on this occasion stood on " Barlow's corner" (N. W. corner of King and Prince William street.s), and was no- ticed as follows in the Courier t' niosf. ' ''•aJiujicd ' «»lM!ii;H(| '* ''iiiij pr, . "I" >(' ;im |iijif.' /;„• iIk' .lidi- ';r a /ii>i lliiv;is,.,| vci t|„. ikIc and iir|»().e had \'<>v il- suppres.-ion nnlil liif "' Tiink " or n^trvoir on " lilock-li' .i-e hill" was opened and the main- lilh d. The timt- u-uallv jo't in ilii' way was ih>u\ jiflirn to iliirhi minutes, hut .-ometinie.- it uii> nin
  • o. a ino-enL^er ha*! to I.e di>pali'lied to the " .\lar«li liridji" piimpinir station to ^.Mt steam raided and the enirine put to work, to <-upplcni«'nt the >up|>ly held in the reservoir, which seldom exceeded 1 •")<>,(»()() |_raIlons. ami olten not oiit-hall" of this, as the enLMiie was ordy run lii-wrekly. It wa-* with a view to terminate thi« Jix-t unde-iialijc >t:iir ot thintrs — to ohtain ;i more eoj»iou* and constant -upply I'or lire pur- poses and a softer and healthier water tor steam and lion>e n>e — that the ehani:e was nnule tVom a />tiiiifu'ni/ to a ifriirilnfiin >iipp|y. I'n m an intermittent to a constant om*. aiid from the hanl and dirty waters of Lily i.ake to the softer and purer and healthier water< of Little iviver, as a lirst >tep in the direction of Loeh Lomond. 'i'he lir>t survey.- undertaken with a view to thi- ehaiiLie were ma';,niii)l.e a> to the extent and char- aeter of the reipiired work-. .Mr. I'^airhanks was an liiiLrincer of txperience and had lieeii Superinteiidinir ICntiineer ol'the Halifax Waiter Works dtirini: their c'uiisiruction. He reported in the .-iirinir "i" l'^4!>. appioved of the site chosen i'or a re.-ervoir. and reeommendet' Uriiijriii^' water froni Little River to the Citv was (loul)tt'(l l)V many wurtliv eitizens, ami stouilv denied l>y a few <»t' the more kiKtwin;; ones, whose scepticism continued, despite of surveys and everything else, until the water was uetuully l»rou;;ht to the Alioideau. The work perfornu-d hy Mr. Wilkinson was «'xecnted with his tismil care and accuracy, and the line then s«'lected has heen fol- lowed p-nerally since. In the IJeport siilnnitted liy Mr. Wilkinson in 1M.")0 the ojtinion.s exi)r<'ssed hv Mr. Fairlianks were "'cnerallv confirmed, and a wooden dam recommended. I'llahorate plans in detail of the lat.or were also sulimitted, hut on mature consideration an earthen emhankment was preferred on the ground of economy as well as durahilitv. Work was cominence a gala day in tlu- ("ity. Tlu' V(tlunti'er Fire Depart- ment — calK'd into existence by the York Point tire of March, 1^4i> — was then in its prime and turned out in great force, with engines and hose, bands and banners, t2(). and the proceeds applied to perfecting the new works and in extending the distribut- inir system. An etlbrt was made about this time by the late 1 homas .\llan, Ksfjuire { ()f Harris it Allan), to organize a Company to sui)ply Fortland with water, but after one or two public meetings had been held in the old Market House, the scheme was abandoned for want of support. The whole lon>;th (»r|»l|>iii^ coiinri'lctl wiili tlu> Wator >»n|)|»ly of tlx* City, wIh'u (•prratioiis wvrv ntumicnrrd mi Little Kiv«r in lM.'»t), incasiirt'd ahmit iiiint<'«'M tlii>u«aiitl stvcn limi,7tM) » fret — .service pipes iiicludetl — aneleeted for a reservoir is 140 leet ahove City datum, and the >urlaee of the wat«r in the reservoir, when full to overllowin;;, 100 feet ; the additional hei;;ht havin;^ betn ohtaiiied l)y the erection of an earthen dam, which is still in use ami in excellent c(»ndition. This reservoir has a surface area of ahoiit •"57! acres an ; hut its elevation i- iii>utlirieiit lo uive an eHI'ctive force lor house and lire purpo-cs on the hi;.dier hv.ls of the City and Portland — as its liottoni i> n\\\y ad»out ten feet, and its ."Urface, when full, thirty feel ahuve ihc inti r.-ection of Leiii>iei- und WentWortll sireels. tkansh:k or tiik (OMr.\NV's works. In June, I'^oo, ("((inmissioners of Sewera;;e and Water Sii])ply for Saint John i lOasi) and l'ari>h of Portland were appoint((l hy authority of an Act of the Local Lej;i>laturi' ' l.S X'ictoria, Ca]). .'I-S), and in Aui^ust following' the Stock and Works of the Watir Com- pany were transferred to the newly appninted JJoaid — John Siars ( Chairman 1, John .M. Waiktr, and John ( )wens. A pre.ssiuf^ and principal duty of the Commissioners was to provide a projM'r Water Suj»ply for S.-iint John . JCast i and Poilland — till' want of which had heen strikin^dy manift'-ted durin;;' the cholera visitation of l'S")4; and with a \'iv\\ to this, a Special Re- port was suhmitted to the Commissioners liy the then JCngineer of the Works (the writer of this Keport j, advisin*^ a 24 L>"«ii M.viN TO HE Laid from the Aboideau to Little lliver Ileservoir, as the he.>jt und .speed- iest way of adding to the City'.s water supply. IJefore deciding;, however, on a matter of so much importance, the Commi.ssioiier.s wisely determined to seek ((utside advice, and to llii?' (ImI niiisiihcfl .Fnnic.i Sliuh, l'«<|iiir<', ( 'ity liiiiriiMcr uf Mu^tnii. Ill I*<"><1, Mr. Slailr IiikI new surveys iiiiulr Ixiwtin the (iiyuml Lnch |/»iiiuiiil, n'li Liikf I)uii!.'las, l»y T. \V. Davi,-, ('. ]•],. \\\r |irrsriit u<'«'iiiii|tli«lHiuii. Mii>... iiinl tin- Inki-H jiikI ruiitcs lijuliii;: tlicniu cxamiiMd Ity U.S. Mi-Kraii, Jv«i|nin', an I lyilraiilir Mii'jiiircr nt' niin-li cniilition mihI cxitiririicc. 'Vhr report »iil>iiiiilccii*srte|)s ui-re inim'diat<'ly taken lor tlu; siieedv «'Xeeiilioii of tl.e work, and l>v the fall ol' IM.')? tlic new main was |)hi(-ed, and ih' daily supply increased tVoiu ahout o'lO.dOO t(» upwards of '),»!( )(),(;()(• imp( rial ;rallons, and the water was turned on to Portland, lor ihe lirsl time, on the KMh day of Novenihi-r, 1M.')7, hut at this date the mains did not extend heyoiid " ( )ran;re corner." liy the iayin«; of this main the summit su|i|ily was immediately restored, so far as it could he, from Little Itiver, and contiiuu'd satisfactory for a j^ood while afler. Ihil as the Works were ex- tended and tho consumption increjised, the pressure he;.Mn a^^ain to weaken and the supply to fail, until in 1M70 and 1H71, it had all hut ('cased in the vicinity of lllock-housc hill and similar summits. It was partly to renicdv this evil that the SEt'oNi) 24 Inch Main was laid in 1<'^7.'^, and partly with a view to (hiplicdte the pipes leadin<^ to the City, so that, in case of an accident happenin;^ to either, riMjuiiing the water to hi' shut off for a Ioniser or shorter period, the City would not he wholly deprived of wati-r. From tiie last point of view alone, this extension was of immense importance, and has often j)r()ved of ^rcat vali'.e since, when flush- ings or repairs had to he made on either of the large mains, as they coidd he done more leisurely and thoroughly, and without j)ractical inconvenience to any one, excepting consumers on the very sunuuitH of 8aint John and Portland. LEADING MAINS. The water is now brought to the City by three (3) cast iron pipes, one of which is 12 inches in diameter and two {2) of 24 inches I'ji" Co by th' her am tho wl ev h.. int< 9 •Midi. Tlif fii"*!, n* nlnaily rtiii;irkrtl. un«i )ai<1 l»v lli < H«l Watt r ('uin|iaiiy in l'***>l, ainl tlir tun la-l in l'^"»7 ami l**7o, rt".|M(iivt ly, l»y iIm' ( 'itinmi'.*iuinr> i»l'S«\vtra;_'«' utid \Vat« r Siijiply. 'I'lic ) tift : their iiiiiieii Mcctiunal areas ten hnnehar;.'e ten niillinii ei;;ht hiimlretl thnu«antl I lo,.s(M),)ioo I ^raHon." jkt «hiy or 4"»n.tH)(J jL'alhin> |»er hniir, when new an«l free IrMUi ineru>tatii)ii. Their pre-eni eapaeiiy, Imu- over, is not e."linial«' ^ralluii^ jur )i<>nr, ihi- hiss hein;: (i(-ea>iuiie*l hy reihn-ed area and ini]»eded velueity thruiiirh internal aeereiiuns. nisTIlIIUTIuN. The daily -niiply (»!' wati r hmnirht to th«' City hy th«' three i ."» ) h'adin;: niain^ i> di^lriltuted hy two hiindriil and seventy-ei;:ht thousand, ,12H) feet of |)ij»e ni' (he iulhiwin;; leii^'tlis and sizes — I". iN.ir I'li'K — Saint .Inlm, 4.1">«» J'unlaml. .\n2; !•_' Intii I'u'K — Saiiil .ImIhi. l.;.lt."M IN.rtlaiKl, ]n.7-jj In Ism I'li'K— Saint J.tlin, 7,>L'I rnitliiii.l, li.IM .s In. n rn'K -Slim .Inlin. 11.2'.i.'. I'oiilaii.l, '.•,ti|;» • 1 I.M II I'iim: — Saint .hilm. 4n,(;7S r..rllan.l, 1 l.(»'>7 4 Iseii I'li'K — Saint .lohn, ;>l.n|t> iVirtlaii.l, S,;{.sti "i JNcn I'li'i; — Saint .lolin. 4,>'"m rortlanil, 1"».S 1' In. II I'li'K — Saint .John, 4no .'{,7;);> service pijus fruni <>] ineli til 4 imli (lianu-ter, 41I Free Hydrants, 12.177 -M,|J77 0,072 2n,;i»| • »4,i ■»•• 42,4:'.J 4(H) l(jS,7".n OOS l(;'.i,7.'»ii 1(10.748 Total Distributing Pijie, 270,40S to A«i«IinL' t(t the above the (»I>,o'J"» f'<'(t of l":i(linL' in.'iinsj iK'twcoii tin- almidrau and Little River reservoir, the tdial present pi))eai,''^2;'» t feet, or uitwards ut' (K) mile; Atta«-hed to this jtipe are t'nrty-nine tree liydrants tor the use of the iMK»r, three thousand seven hun(h-ed and thirty-three '-],7'-V^tf jjorvice I'M' •s. for 1 louse supply, one hunc Ired and twentv-seven nietn-s and indicators, four thousand four Imndred and ninety-seven ( 4,4H7 ' main and s»rvier stop-eoeks, and two hundred ami MVi'Uty- fix *J7<» ' lire plains. COST OF OUR WATER sriM'LV. '1 he eos^ of the ahove named A\'orks, including' land dainagcs and reservoirs, as well as debentures sold to make irood assessnu'iit riefieieiieies and losse:s caused liy tlie ;freat fire of 1>*77, was on the 31st ?li").(l() for ea to 7") per cent, more than with us I measured Ity popidatittn ) for works of h than one-half the w at a jdanci' the Cost to riiiUTY Wki.i, K.\(»wn ( itiks in the I'nited States and Canada, of their respective Water Services — measured by poi)ulation, mih's of })ii)e laid and (juantity of water delivered or deliverable dailv without addintr materi.dlv to the running cx|KMise.s. CI J); IH it |ti))('a<:c ami tucii- tlic use of 'o (:].:;«> 'iity-seven Hty-.«even I M'Yl'lltV- ( la maizes Sf'rssniciit as (HI the ilicrs t, or 111(1 child *ati'r and <>i" ;is cx- •dW lew an Saint icy. In witli IIS the cr Million ( iiy. '—-■-- v W ii.c ..I' I'ci- I'.M- Mile .(lalloii.i ^■* w ^ -^ ( iaIllMIS. Works. Ca,iiia. l'i|it' Laid. Paily. 1 ."H .s .S .■ji I'rnoklvn, ."(iT.IMM) .•t47 :';!,ooo.0(i(» I 1,2')0.o(mi l!l.s| .■'>2, 120.00 .■;40.!I0'.I.0(I r.iiiii,'.)!-, IC.llOO 21 2,0<>0.(HI(» .Ooo.ooo 20..')S 2o.s;i; ;.((() 2"(0.000.0tl <"liit';iLf(), .')(i;i,:!oo 4(;;; .")S,0()().oo(i S.i»7!i,'>2:'. 17.S4 I'.l.OOO.'OO 1".1,707.0() <'li'V(.'lan(l, ir,r»,-j^Ki 114 ;»,.")( 10,0(1(1 2,')00,noo I'l.Oo 21, '.(.Jo. 00 2'l.!,l".o;{ l:j. 102.00 • 1,M»,1»>.0.00 Kr'u', I'iu, l!7,'"'':i(l .' 1 ."» 2,200,000 7oo,(i()() 2-".. is 20.000.00 .•;is,isi,oo Iliiiuiltoii, :{(',( 1(10 ()••{ 2,200,0(10 1.1(10,(1(1(1 .■;2.22 ls,4 12.00 .".27.777.00 Lowell, .")!».. ')(!(» (i;; 2,")00,00(l 2,1 "^7,000 ;;4.7I4.0(( • .s74.soo.ou LawiTiu'o, .*)!l,'JUO 44 1, ',100, 000 1,71 1,7(K» 4.1.74 oS, '.(70.00 ',102,474.00 Lviui, ;!.s.;!n() 41 l.:;oo,ooo 1,000.000 20.11 24,;>!»O.O0 70'.',2;il.O0 Moiuri'iil, Md.'.KM) ];;:; 1 l,7(to.ooo ti,.'.( 10,(1(10 40.):! 4s.s72(»0 .")."..'.,."..")•'.. 0(1 Maiiclu'stiM ;!l'.( 1(1(1 :;4 l,2oo,(»o(i S02,000 21.00 2.'!."»ss.oO • oos, ;;;;;;. 00 New IJt'dCdi rd, Ud.'luO 42 2,100,000 !t>l,00(» .■;o.47 2;;,;5.".7.0( 4 07, 14." '..00 NtwarU, i:;ti,4()n i:i(i 1 l,(;(io,o(i(» .■'.,2'>',t.o(»o I'.J 00 lO.'l) 1.00 2:;o..'»7o.oo Ottawa, 27, .■)(»( 1 44 ;),r,o((.(M»o 1,100,0(1(1 40.00 2"), 000. 00 ;;i4,2so.(H» Providonci' J 104, '.H»0 1".2 ;i,2oo,oi)(> 4,700.(1(10 41. >n .■;o,M2o.oo 1.4(ls.7."iO.OO TcK'do, .00,200 47 ;),;;( 10,000 1,140.000 22.S2 24,;i,^.■i.O0 .•!47.-'»7."».O0 Toronto, S(i,:)00 114 0,000,000 2.< 100,000 2:!. 1 2 17,".44.0( ;i.;:!,:;;!::.()0 Waltliam, 1 ] 1 ,7U(} AVK 24 "j0U,0oO .Soo.ooti 20.1'. 12,7">o.(H «512,:'.o().()0 K.\(; KS. 28.07 24,')"HJ.OO 1 i oil, 11 (5.00 i^t. John 1 1 •1 and :57,000 0" 10,000,000, 988,000 2(j.70 14,070.00 98,800.00 Tortland, 1 1 1 1 li Tiic above tal)]t', brieily .■«uiiiniarizt'd, j_MVes the f<)llowiii,i; resnils: IIi<,dii'st piT capita cost. J.,()Wt'st do., Averai'c' do., Ili^liPst rost j.or iiiik- of i.ij.e laid. Lowest do. do., Averaijo, do. do., Tal.le No. 1. Saint .lolm I'uinpiiii;. (iravitatioii. 5*10. l.'{ l.'> 00 2S (!(• $20 70 48,872 00 12,7")0 00 24,.">.'.0 00 14,070 00 Ilitrliest eapital cost per Million (Jallons, 1,10S,7.")0 00 Lowest (!(.. do., I'll, 707 00 Avera.^a-, do. do., .',11.110 00 08,800 00 And in relation to thi.s table it should be explaiiud that no allowance is made for the cost of jniniping. Had this been cai)ital- ized, as it should have been for exact comparison with our graviUdion 12 works, llic results would have been .:iily Apiiroxi- _ .^ <'a|i:if'ity of iiial<- ().oo(i is, uo.nuo :!('.,(»()() 70i 7,»i(io,(iuo M7,"J '1\ 1,(1(10,000 l,'J(iil,()()(i ')4.") i).\(i( 1(1,0(1(1 ;>:'>.N(iu 70 !t,(i(Mi.(i(iO (■|L',.')(I(»| '2S. ;5,(i(l(l.(ioo S'.l,-l(»()'ll(( '.1,(1(1(1,(10(1 l(io|()UU,l',lU-Jli,00(l,(Jt.lU 741,Uoo 2,o(Mi.(hio ':;-j2.'»(M» 7,.vj".».:;oO i.vOO,(»(Hl l.::oo.ooo :',,.'>oo.ooo -l,.")OO.(Ml0 I .Vvcrago <'.2.". is.7')(i.(i0 ">l.(i7 :;•_', ».")(l.(i(» •Jo..j>; io,.'>s.").(i(i "»:;.7(; 2.*!, 17(1.(1(1 I4.r.s i.">.;;.".7..\.-l'> •J">,71 1.(1(1 •ju.so 4<;,'>(i(i,(i(i :'.'.». I'l .••.l,Hls,(io •^^.1-2 2;;,(i84.(iu .VviraRc Cf»st |iir .Million Wine I lallons Ki'livcialile Dailv. ;')(i(»,o( 1(1.00 4( ;•_*,")( 1(1.00 l(i."),S.")7.00 •100,0(1(1,00 :v2-_',")( 1(1.00 :!ii.'),(i4").oo UOd.OOdOO 4:'.:!,."'"':5.oo I'.ss.ss; ),()(> 17;!,(i77.oo Avr,i:A(ii". St. .I(.Iin ] ' ,int to Talilo No. ■-'. S;iiut .lohn. !?.>} 70 14 ;'J0 70 08,8(11 00 10,585 0(t .S0,18U 00 14,1170 70 Ilififiiest capital cost per Millioti (Jalhjns, 4f.-_'.")00 00 Lowest do. do., 105,857 00 .\veraKe, do. do., :il8,120 00 98,800 00 It should be remarked, also, in reference to this table, that in som: of the places named — notably, Bo.ston and New York — that IIIIV m I all r( <'X| pn Scl ac <'0 tal to av or our. As it ' strikiiHrlv , viz., j)oj)u- »lv \vitli(»ut Avi rai:i' fos! |"T Millioti Wiiic ilalldiis I»i'livoi:il.lc L>ailv. ;{(i(i,ooo.(H) 40(I,(MI().()0 ;{•_'!',")( 1(1.(10 :!!•"),( I !.').( 10 2(I0,(I(|(|(M» 4;;;!,:!:!;!.(M> JiSS.SS! ».()(> I7;;,(i77.(i(> :! IS, 120.00 its.soo.oo izcd and M-t to ilil .lollll. <-2i'> 70 '70 70 800 00 tliiit in : — that 13 altlu»n;.'h the Lfoiicral siijiply is l)y irnivitation, yet fo reach their nsjurtive suiuniits steam power has to he used to a ^^'eater or K'ss extent. lioston has its Iliirhhind, Uriiihton, I'ast l^ostoii, and .Mystic j)Uin|»in;r stations, ajid New York its Ninth Avenue and Ninety Second >troet liitrh service stations. To tret .a nearer ajtproach to accuracy, the annual ex|)enses attending these Works shouhl he <'onsi(lered; hut this has not heen (h)ne, as all that is sought hy either tahle, is to show sipproxiniately the cost of works, lor water sui)])ly, to other cities larger and smaller than our own, and in doing so avoid as far as practicahle anything that might tend to complicaticju or to apparently forced results. And in this connection it may he further noted, that in some of tiie cities named, large expenditures — additional to those given in the Tahles — are either in progress or contemplated in the near future, to keep pace with the ever growing demand for vaster vol- umes of water and greater pressures than now ])revail. (^>uebec, for instance, has recently resolved, undt-r thi> advice of its eminently accomplished City Engineer, the Chevalier Uaillairge, to get rid of its hamperi'd intermittent supply by laying a nt'W and hirger main to Lorrctte, at an estimate(l co>t of .SKlO.OOO. And the City of Boston, that has spent within a few year- ui)war(ls ot' .S"),- 0(K),(MM> on extensions, has works on hand and in contemj)lation that are likely to cost millions mor*- before they are conijjleted. This is the case also with Washington, I). ('., where a new A(iU(- duct is about to be built at a cost of ><1 ,.")(IO,(K)() ; and New York, after many years of suHering, has a project in hand for improving its watt-r supply which i.s to cost about S14,()()(),(K)(). The main features of this great project are the construction of a new re.-^ervoir l>elow the site of the present Croton dam, capa])le of containing thirty-three thou.sand millions of gallons of water, and a subterranean acpieduct — to be constructed for the greater jjart of the way (nearly •"•S miles i in tunnel — Ht to carry to tln' City about two hundred and fifty millions of gallons daily, in addition to the present supply. This new reservoir is to have a dam of masonry, a maximum depth of 185 feet, and a water shed of .d)out I'-i square miles. The tunnel-aIatiin', aixl iluul>tlc«s a H-w vcars Ik'ik .■ wil <(>(• this — I lie l)(»It aiiln'(l Ja<'t,aii(l New ^'oik rivaliiiiir am-'uiil \v Koiiic ill ilir suiii|)liiun~Mf'< of its water >ii]i|»lv. Tin- authors ot' this inai^'iiifK (lit work an- 1!. S. < 'hcshoroU'Mi, consuhiiiu: l'ji«nnrrr, ami Isaac Xewtoii, I^iiiriiMcr (o the Crotoii A<|M»'(luct iJoanl. IJoth ifciitltiiicii stainl hii'^h in thf prolrssion. and Mr. ( 'licsljoroiiLrh's ri'pnlatioii as a jrrcat and »i!((f.-sfiil Ilydraiilic l'!iiLMii('ilih'. ( 'ascs niiirht easily he luultiplifd. in reference to this constant call for iiior«' water, hy cities that have lu'coiue accustomed to its use, hut enoliLdi ha< heen done to >how that thoULrh the cost to the cities named in TaMes 1 and 1, exceed Lreiierally the cost of our Works, \. ; their several >u]»|»li«s are I'ar from .-atisfactory, and >till farther from completion, 'riicrc is still a reachini; out lor nioi-e water, and much has vei to he done hciore this >q-owinu; uppli«'s and jtressiires must he supple- mented hy larj^'i-r and more elleciive ones, suited, alike in purity and i»ressure. in <|uality and i|uaiitity, t<» every purpose of modern doiiie>ti<' life and maiiulaclurin^' industry and eiiterpri/.e, — even to the providing lor winter wa>te when the natural supply is copious and coiiveirnnt of adaptation to city wants, as in Saint John. Ahove all other municipal re<|uirements this i.s thr one that cannot he ovcr- looke<| or neglecte(l with impunity. now OIK WORKS AUK srrpOUTKD. TIk' amount of money recpiired annually to pay for interest on capital exi)ended and for maintenance and other current t'X|)cn.ses is, or rather >hould have hi'cn raised ^1) hy an annual assessment on owners in fee and lease-holders for rencwahle ter'Ms of all lands and tenements throujrh or aloii".; which Water Mains pa.*s, also on 1C-. fill fr> teij as-| till UK the owners of, or traders in stocks-in-trade, wares or mere hand ise. ir f'tion of the I ^cc this — ij? aiiv Citv iiiir aiicicm authors ol' ,' I'jiniiiccr, lanl. Hoth ishorollLlh's •V is uorhl- is constant >nic(l to its cost t(» the ■osL ot" I Mir y, and -till 1 lor more ;;■ ilc.-irc is in-f in the ace to live ctcr of the (1 into the family as .s of prop- )o supplc- in purity f modern even to copious II. Above t he ovor- ili'rest on exj»en.se.s ■st'ssnient all lands S also ou -handise, furniture and pergonal |)ropcrty — whether the water i.- taken and iiseil on the premises or not — in accordance with a scale to he ti\ed fronj vear to year hy the Commissioners of Sewera^'e and \\ 'at( r Siipplv; and *'!•, hy a L'eiMral assessment. .-Imuld the >um realized from the Commissioners' ratint; he in-utlieii iil {<> pay interest, main- tenance, and current expenses. Unf«)rtunati'ly, since the inception of the Works no ^'cneral assessment has ever been made, deiiciencies havin;^ been nut tVom time to time hy tin- sale of debentures. In consetpicnce of this, the actual or debenture cost of t)Ur Works is ^•reater than it would have been had the law been strictly complied with, as it end)races an indelinite amount for interest and workiii:^: exju-nses, whi<'b should have been met bv increased rates or a utiiei'al a.s.sessment on Suint John and I'ortland. The assessment for water made and collecied by the Commi>- .•«ioners is levied j>r(> rat't on all properties and per.-ons subject thereto, the .-ame scale and principhs of valuation beini,^ api)lied to City and Town alike — accordinir "to value made, occupation, and ]»rol>able consum])tion of water." IJefore makinir the assessment for anv one vear an indeix'i.dent and personal house to house survey is made of all the premises and property subject to ratiuLi", and particulai's obtained a-^ to the num- l)er of families, baths, water closets, shop>, taverns, lior.-e> and cows, values of stocks-in-trade, fiirnilui'e, and personal proper! v. The returns obtained in this way in the Water District- of .'^aint John and I'orthind L''ive the tbllowint: i'e.-ult> for the vear eiidin;' with the 1st day of May, iN.s-J, viz: Familiks, I'vic, Si:i!.)i:( T to Assi:s>mi;n r. ■ St. .tolm. I'ljitluiul. Tollll.-K Kaiiiilii's, niniilier of ;!,S7S 2, ■ / (;,-j.!.-. Ilotfls aiul r.uunliug Ibmses, * • • (>(i () 72 iScliotils, • • . 11 3 14 y. • • • 1!m; 27 'J'.'.'J Saloons, Sliops and TavtMMis, • • • C)!;:; 264 '.I-J7 Factories, Mills and Works! tops, ;;o4 «'> ;{.s<) Steam KiiLtines, • • • ;;.", 19 .")2 Water Closets, ... l,!Mll 84 2.():!:5 P.aths, • • > 717 48 7(;n <'(uinlrv Staliliiig, Stalls, ... • •■ 11-J 151 •j(;;{ Ilorsc.i, * « ■ (i;!t 2:i2 8(5t> tows, • •• 24 71 95 ■ " ' k; Totals of Asskssvimnt Vam'ations. I St.John. Tort land. I Totals. Slock inTni.h' >;|n(i iiiid iiiiw.'inls, 'J,S"J<».-J(Ht.O(ti C.Sl ),.■)( »().()() :',,.')( )(l,7o(t.()(> I'liiiiiimc. »Vc. -r'UMi <|<). s.')S,7«Mi.(i(i 1 ;;;»,(;( lo.iiii !i;ts,:;()M,(io Kcal Ksiiitf.iS: Lfiisi'linl.l I'n)|M-rtv, f),'t>;!,l.")0.(l(» '_•,(;:! !,.":,( ).()(( 1-J,(11 IJOiMIO Totals i:;,(i(i-_vi'),s.VMH» j7,li:'.,7o(M)S.MKNT AM) AdHKIOMKNTS. Assfssmciits, (iross AiiKHinl, AKi't'i'iii'iits do. T(ttals, St..T..lin. .-),i:)S..-.i V ortlaixl. Tot;iN. • s 14(l.-,0.M(tl 4,1'20.82 f)S.(l!)!».'H> <.i,27!»..'!;; • ' 77,:!7i».'j;{ Tlio forotroinfr ficrnros give a punimarizofl vi'ow o^ t]io capaoity and extent oi' our Works ut the present time; their cost and nwxU^ of maintenance, toticther with the numl)er of fai'iilies and factories ck'j)en(lin^f on them for their (hiily nater supply. In .so far a;? the (^t ANTITY OF WaTIMI hrouu'ht to the City (hiily is concerned, it is more than ample for all ordinary i)urposes, mid _i,n'eatly in excess of present rccjuirements. Indeed few j)laces in America have a fuller and more copious .sujjply than we htive, when measun>d by population, but notwith.standing this the SUI'I'LV TO THE Sl'MMITS IS DEFECTIVE in C'onse(|uenci' of the relative lowne.s.s of the '' fountain head," or reservoir, compared with the hi^■her levels of Saint John and Port- land. In the neighborhood of Jihxk-house hill, and corresponding elevaticjns, the wat(»r Kaukly IvIsi;.< Ar.<»vi: Tin; Ba«i:mi;nts of the houses into which it i. led, and in conseijucncc of this, resort must be h:'d to i-xpensive and inconvenient mechanical arrange- ments, before the water (an be used for bath or water closet pur- poses in these localities. This is an inherent defect in the pre sent system and is occasioned, as already remarked, by the site of the })resent reservoir (selected by the Water C'onipany in 184i)) not havinj^ sufKcient elevation to lift Th( or( Totals. 1 v"in(i,7(Mi.(H) !ilis,:i(iM,(io -', '.Mi7<».:;;! 77,:{79.2;} capacity and mode 1(1 I'actories ar as tlic pie for all iiiroinonts. )US supply iistanding i'E head," or and Port- 3sj)i)iiding lis, resort arranti'o- loset pur- t-asioned, ( selected vation to 17 lift or for(!0 the water, as in lower levels, to third and loiirth stories. Tlio same causes that make our present supply insuthcieiit lor orditiaiy house purposes near the City summits Di:.sTi:oY its 1*k.\< ticai. Valuk in case of fire, and in conse(|ueiiC(> of this the risks are ^reat(>r and rates of insurance relatively luLdier in such localities than in the lower and more tiivored districts. The owner.-) of property, therefore, in the vicinity of such sum- mits are placed at a serious disadvantaj^e, comj)are(l with owners on lower levels, and justly complain of the inconvenience and cost to which they are put throui^h this lowness (»f head or pressure, while the rates imposed and paid by tliem, on account *" watiT supply, are ecpial to those of the most favored sections of the City, where water is to he had in abundance for all purposes, from basement to attic, without lesort to artificial aid. The evils resulting from tiiis natural lowness of head are Aggravatkd dukin(j tuk Winter Season by the water being freely used in the lower districts to keep pijies and closets from freezing. The amount of water whicii is wasted in this way is enormous and entirely beyond control. Its suppres- sion has baffled the best efforts of every city on the Continent, and is likely to do so until water, like gas, is sold by measure, for house as well as for trade purposes. What chiefly tends to put this winter waste beyond control, is the fact that the greater part of it occurs at times and in ])laces tliat are beyond the reach of ordinary inspection — as, for instance, in private apartments and in tlie night time, when doors are locked and entrance for inspection purposes impossible. Pipes and Hydrants that are placed in open and exposed posi- tions, as they usually are on the premises of the poor, can be seen in cold weather, and kept in some degree of control by frecjuent visitation ; but this ceases to be the case when the water is carried to kitchens and wash basins, urinals, baths and water closets, and ample facilities provided for carrying it quietly and quickly away, when allowed to run through carelessness or wilfulness. Nor can this waste be detected by external inspections, as is done in some places, as the severity of our climate and depth of Hiiow usually fouiii»(ctioii all l»ut irnpossihle, or useless, for practieul purposes, when most n«'e(le(l, in our eireuniiurrav St. Patrick, l.'Jo ;{(u'(.ri:c- KeWii', Si. I'atric-k, 4.00 4 IVter .lemiiii^'s ( lart'iici', .oO A.Mary .Mill lull, ClarciKT 1.00 (1 Frni. J. Dolu-rtv, Krcderick 1.00 7 Patrick Mc.Miii'iiian Marsh Hoad, 1.00 S, Joseph ('. \V()(kI, M;.rsli Hoad 2.00 '.) .Vndrcw I'ratt, Old Westmorland Hoad, L'.oO lO.Joiin McOowan, C'itv Hoad, 2.00 11 \\\VJ^\ Maviics (itV Hoad 4.00 12 .John Hcamish, Citv Hoad, (1.00 l.'i.Ioim Wilkiiisuii, Citv Hoad, 4.00 14 William Foster Marsh Hoad, H.OO I") .lames L. Law, M <"sh Head,... l.oO It) Hicliard Hyder Meadow, 1.00 ITJames CJreen, Citv Hoad, (1.00 15 Thomas Dale Citv Koad, ; 2.00 1!» Sarah Doak,.. Blair 2.00 20Tlioma.s Oradv Pond, 4.00 o,7tjO l.SOO o.TliO 720 1,440 1,440 1,440 2,SS0 ;},(l(iO 2,SS0 o,7(i0 .S,()40 5,700 4,320 2,100 1,440 8,fi40 2,8S0 2,880 5,700 Aggregate of Waste, 75,960 Average Consumption per Service Pipe, 3,798 Gallons. The above figures indicate what is going on, to a greater or \ lesser exteiil,, during cold weather, over the entire water area of h " system of ical piirjmses, iukI fontract- is s(» low as follow iiitr rt'- t'ir ordinary • last a.S82), d iiicasurcd. in<.' samples 'Ite tlu-m are - stands, and astj than the lecessary. OF Waste. r (iailons ;icr day, ij4 hours. 0,7«JO l.hUO 5,760 720 1,440 1,440 1,440 2,880 ;},(>oo 2,880 0,700 8,040 0,700 4,320 2,100 1,440 8,040 2,880 2,880 5,700 75,960 '98 Gallons. greater or r area of 19 Saint John and Portland, and show 5)laiidy wliy it is that the line or limit of supply is lowered and the foree for fire purposes seriously n-dueed durini; the winter months. When it is considered that at the present time there are upwards of li,811 serviee pipes in active usf, ami there is attached to these 11,200 unmetred orifices of discharire. all of which may he employed in lettin;; water run to waste as often and as lont; as domestics nuiy think it necessary to ^uard aL'ainst frost, or \va>h out sinks and sewers, i, wiT c(>ase to be a matter of wondt'r that the >ummits are hadlv supj)lie(l at such times, notwithstandinj; the largi' hody of water brou'dit to the Citv dailv for distrihution. The evil effects of this pernicious practice are liciLditened, also, hy the topo^n-aphical features of our City and the ^reat dilllrences that exist, within comparatively short distances, in elevation or res- pective planes of supply, as already noticeil. The average connHmplion of water i)y each of the ahove named service pipes was nearly .'5,800 imjierial fralli»ns daily, and the avera<;e of 154 reported at the same time was .'{.O.')? pilloiis. Tlu' lowest of these rates is at least tut times more than it should he under any justifiable circumstances i as con>umpiion is viewed at present), and j)robal)ly tivcnt;/ times as much as it W(»uld be, were all the water used measun-d and paid for at a reasonable rat(>. Inspections and penalties may palliate the injurious effects of this waste, but they are (juitc inadequate for its total suj)j)ression. Thev have failed evervwhere to meet the difficultv; and one of two courses is now y;encrallv recoi^nized as the true wav to remedv tliis evil — (1) the jT(>neral application of metres, or '2) to accept this winter consum])iion as a necessity of our climate and provide for it accordini!;ly. The last named course is nu)st consisttMit with ad- vanced thought on the hygienic value of copious suj)j)lies of whole- some water, and is likely to become the more popular of the two, when water can be had in abundance at a reasonal)le outlay. Immediate ste])3 were taken, of course, to have the above and all smaller as well as larger waste stopped, and with some degree of success; but the pressure gauge, and continued complaints of short supply, showed that a large waste still existed beyond the reach of discovery. During the coldest davs of the winter 1S81-82, when the draft was greatest in the lower levels of the City, the supply to the 20 liiisctfH'nt.x — even ofaofiH' (if tin- Mitiiinit Ihihscs — f'aiU'fl (»craf*lnnally altt»;_^lli<'r, a»i(l (••••ild utily In- iiiaiiitaiiitd liy an adjiistimut »»(" >tM|» t'(i(k«, \vlii( li .icd the Mijiply to tin' lower levels of tlu- City and turned it into the lii;;lier ones. This arran^'etn.'nt, however, is nut a doirahle one at any time, as it tends to weaken the praetiial power of the water in other part.** ol'the City, a eireninstan.t((|) i of the City at any timo, II otlur part^ ' iiii|)urtaii('e pvel.s nre as lit' the water vels are, the atcr head in divided ad- vision is not er of ni'ces- ise with the y".-') Il>s. to .')M,.'» |l»s. per s<|uar»' inch. No. o District (tinted pink •. has an area of ahout .lOllJdO s(puire yards, and enihraces such streets, and parts ot' streets, as are ut their hi;;hest points 4(1 feet, an() tire hydrants, and a pressure of ahout (> to 'J-'J lbs. when the usual daily supply i.s bein;; drawn from its nuiiiis. No. 4 District (tinted dark brown), has an area of about I'M,- .'{00 stpuuH! yards, and ( inbraces the Ijcinster and Cobur^' streets^ summits. Its hii,diest point is M) feet below the surface of I/ittle liiver reservoir, ami its lowest 40 fe«'t. There are four (4) fire hydrants only in this district, with a j>ressure varyin;^ I'rom '2 lbs to 7i lbs. For j)rotection pur|)oses, tluse hydrants are all but useless, at any time, an'» who Ims ff'w'ow niiy ntfcution to the Miihjcct, known that the force of water olilaiiiahlc from any of the fire \Au<^-* within the districts Hpccilictl (',» and 4), is not sntMcicnt within itself to he thrown from the street to the upper stori«'s of (»ur inoih-rn buihlings, under the tiUMl favorahU' conditions of wind and W(>ather. At some j)oints the water may i)c conveyed throu^,'h hose |)hiced on iiidchrs, or carriecl up insifh; hy stairways, to HUeh U|»per stories; but even then, the stream ohtaiiiahh> is ^renerally weak and insuf- ficient, when vehu'lty and vohnne are ne«'(h'd to overjiowcr and (jueneh the llame>. In conse(|iience of this, vah»al)h' time is fre- quently lost waitin;,' for an en-^ine to come, or in connectin;^ there- with, should its steam Ix; up and ready for use when it arrives on the scene, which is seldom the case. It may he thou;^dit that with a nomiiud head of from 40 to .HO feet the tire hydrants of district No. !J should possess more power than has hec^n ascribed to them, and so tlu'V would wire the whole of the nominal head due to their respective positions really avail- able. 15ut this is not the case ; as it is <'reatlv reduced — not onlv in the higher, but in the lower as well — by friction in the pipes and local consumption. This, however, will be better understood by an example or two, showing the nominal and actual pressure ol)tain- able from particular hydrants on the 17th day of November. Take for instance the fire hydrant on the corner of Duke and Carmarthen streets. Its position, it will be seen, on reference to the plan of the City, is just on the dividiiij^, or boundary line, between districts 2 and o, and is therefore al)out midway between hi<,di water datum and Little River reservoir. Its nominal head or pressure therefore is 80 feet, and this is about the hei<^ht to which the water would really rise were it closely confined and found no lower outlet or way of escape. The pressure due to this head is nearly .')4.8 lbs. per sijuare inch, but the actual pressure on the day named was only 19 lbs., or that which is due to 43.9 feet, showing a loss by friction and local drafts of 30.1 feet. Take again the hydrani, which is situated on the corner of Lein- stcr and Carnuirthcn streets, the position of which is about 40 feet below the surface of the reservoir, and which should show a pressure of 17i lbs. fully, if free from disturbing influences, yet the pressure found here on the day named was only 6] lbs., or that due to lo.O feet, — the balance having been absorbed or lost by friction and local eiiti wa> wh hUt ori Htrt Old win eha is 23 t tlir force of the (listrictM tlirouii t'nmi .'s, iilidcr the I liDM' placed ppcr stnrit's ; k and iiisitt- •rpDWcr and tinjc is Iro- 'ctin;; tlicre- it arrives on nj 40 to 80 more power I' the \vlio|(> really avail- -not only in e pipes and •stood l»y un sur(> obtain- nl)er. t" Dnko and pence to the n(\ between hijj^h water or j)ressure h the water ower outlet ly ;U.8 lbs. m1 was only by friction consumption at lower levels. As tin- hill is nscendcd the loss in this way lu'cotnes more marked and serious until the summit is reached, when the pres-^un' may b«' said to disappear altogether, or is just Hu(lieout 40 feet a pressure le })ressure lue to 15.0 II und local 24 No. 1 DISTKK'T.— NOMINAL PRKSSUKE 120 TO KiO FKKT. BELOW LITTLE KlVEli KESEKVOlK. Actual Pressure. V 11 I ' Fall ^"" Feet, of 1 Brussels street, and City Koad, 2 do. and Hanover street, 3 do. opposite Middle street, 4 do. near Kveritt'.s, .... 5 St. David, near t'ourtenay street, 6 Erin street, opposite Eraser's yard 7, do. and Brunswick street 8' do. and Clarenee street, ."^t. Patrick street, near Stanton's, 1(» Waterloo and Brussels streets, 11 North and Smyth streets, 12 Mill street near Moore's Factory 13 do. and Bond street, 14 do. and North street, lo Pond and Oeorge streets, lt> do. and llazen streets, 17 Mill and I'nion streets Is Pond and Sewell streets, 19 Pond, at Pluenix Foimdry, 20 Dorchester street, at Railway station,.. 21 Dock street and Market Sqnare, 22 do. near Feriifuson's, 23 Nelson street and Fire-proof Alley,.. .. 24 Drury Lane, at centre, 2o Market S^juare and Water street 2(» do. at centre, 27 Water street, at Jardine's 25 do. at Duke street, 29 Ward street and CJilbert's Alley 30 Prince William and Church streets, .. 31 do. and Princess streets, .. 32 do. at Barnes's, 33 do. and Duke streets, 34 do. at Custom House, 35 Germain and Britain streets, 3G do. and St. James streets, 37 Charlotte and St. James streets, 3S do. an Pitt and Mecklenbn-g streets, 47 Pitt and Main streets, 48 Main and Charlotte streets, ICO IS 1 It; IS' 137 IS' 12.') IS' i;;4 IS' loins' ir,.jis' 13() IS' 127 IS' lo2 1S' l.-)() IS' lo7 IS' lo4 1S' 13o 18' 14(5 18' ir)2 18' 122 18' 145 18 152 18 143 18' 14718' 13()18' 15(1 18' 13118' 15()18' 150 18' 155 18' 154 18' 15()18' 145:18' 135 18 13218 13418' 132 18 1481 8' 129 18 13()1S' 152 18' 145 18' 145 18' 142 18' 145 18' 12S 18' 135 18' 145 IS' 124 18 13418 15818 1S75 148 ) (> .") I 5 5 5 5 5 5 t»; 8 S 8' G 8' 8 (5 8 7 ... II 7| 71 7 "I "i 8: 8i 8 8 9 8! ^j 81 '8! 8i '81 '8i t 'S: '8; 'S; ■'I '81 132 124 113 117 140 139 120 112 141 133 13S 133 113 127 138 100 127 132 131 124 117 138 108 13() 129 133' 130 13(5 12(3 115 113 113 110 127 113 117 131 124 122 120 l.",(> 121 li:'. 1(1(1 107 127i 128 I07i 99' 12s: 117| 124' 121! lOOj 115; 122! 8(5: 117j 120' ;''' 108 100 120. 95! 118 112' 11"! 11(5: 121 1 109' 99, 95 98! 98; 114! 94! lOlj 115' 109 108 104 121 107 104 91 113 99 120 107 101 8G 109 95 138 120 Loss in Feet. 12 11 11 l."> 10 13 11 13 13 13 16 14 12 13 12 16 14 10 12 16 16 17 18 13 18 17 16 14 15 17 16 18 15 12 13 19 16 16 15 14 16 14 13 14 13 15 14 18 Present ditl'erence belwien Nuiiiinul and Actual. 4 feet. 24 25 27 26 27 29 28 24 39 33 33 35 31 30 34 28 32 28 38 36 36 36 38 36 38 38 35 36 36 37 36 34 34 35 35 37 36 37 38 38 37 36 38 38 39 38 (( « « « (1 tl l( <( « « II It II II II II II l( II « « <( l< ll 11 2") 7 10 27 i< >7 U 2() u !S 11 27 II )7 i;i 2i) 11 t'J 13 28 u !.Sl 13 24 l( 7| 16 39 II 14 14 33 II :i 12 33 II )0 13 35 II o! 12 31 II '2^ 16 30 II 6 14 34 II 7 10 28 II 12 32 II 5' 16 28 II 8, 16 38 II Oj 17 36 II 18 36 II 5i 13 36 II 8' 18 38 l( 2 17 36 (1 7! 16 38 II 6 14 38 II l! 15 35 « !)! 17 36 II D' 16 36 II 5! 18 37 li 8| 15 36 11 i: 12 34 (1 4! 13 34 II 4 19 35 II 1 16 35 II ') 16 37 l< 3 15 36 « "i 14 37 II 1 16 38 II r 14 38 II I 13 37 II ) 14 36 ll r 13 38 II 3 15 38 (1 ') 14 39 II ) 18 38 II Z) No. 1 District. — Cnntiuucd, __ . Actual Pres-surc /;■ Fall of Fuel. 49 5(» 51 53 54 55 5(1 57 5S 59 (;() 61 62 St. .lauR'S and I'rincc Willi;mi stroi'ts, Iliinliiii^ sti'cct, at ci'tUro, (^iK'i'ii and I'riiicc William .*77 29 1.S7S 53 1S77 \:\ 1n77 2:'. isTtl ;;i 1S75 49 1S75 .50 1S7S 1.". 1^7ii .".5 1S7'.» 62 1879 150 I 117 100 lot; 97 lus 131 124 lol 115 127 KJs 13:; 115 Fall of IfSXl. 102 >7 90 Si 92 115 1(15 !tO 104 112 122 117 101 138 LftSS in F.ot. Proscnt (liU'crcnct' ht'twccii Nominal anil Actual. 4 iVi'I. u; 1;; n; 16 1!» 1 ! 11 15 It; It; 11 3S «>— t>i .'!S • »~ • >( :;s ::8 ..t. :;s 2t; :;i 20 No. 2 DISTRICT.— -VOM I N'.VL l'llE>srRE sO TO 120 FEET, I'.EEOW LITTLE KIVEK KESEKVOIK. 1 Brussels and Clarence streets, 2 do. near Dean's, 3 do. and Kichmond streets, 4 do. opposite liaptist Church, .. 5 do. and Carmarthen streets, 6; do. and Union streets, 7 St. Patrick and Kichmond streets, .. 8 Waterloo street, opj). St, Mary's Church, 9 do. ojip. White street, .... 10 do. and Peter street 11 do. and Union street, 12 (larden and Charles streets, 1;') Ilazen and Dorchester streets, 14 (ieriuain street, at Country Market,.... 15 do. and Kin1 7.S 13 27 tk loo IS78 87 75 12 25 11 97 187() 8.3 71 12 26 It 107 1S78 92 82 10 25 i> 104 1S77 88 7(; 12 2!> a 115 1875 95 85 10 30 a 110 1S75 97, 84 13 2t; (1 85 1S75 "1 59 12 2t; 11 90 1S77 72' t;i 11 29 It 96 1S75 81 i;7 14 29 II 105 1876 90 / 1 13 28 ••4 1S77 7t; t;2 14 32 i< IDS 1S77 85 12 35 II 94 1S78 74 t;i 1;! 3.3 >l 85 1878 t;7 52 15 33 ll 89 1S77 i;9 55 14 34 It 93 1S7,S 74 (;o 14 33 11 ^1 26 No. 2 Dl}»TRl«.T. — Omlinued. Actual Pressure. y.- C Fall lilt. 20 (ri'rniain stiitt iiiid (^lucn strett, 21 ( 'harlot ;c street, ()j)p. Y. M. < '. A •_'2 . <)|ip. Ilcirsiield stret't. 2.'! (111. and Duke .'Street 21 do. \o. 1 KnL,diie House. '!■) do. (jpp. (^iieeii Sipiare 2(1 do. and llardiiit; street,.... liTiSydiiey street, at (irave Yard. 281 do. and ^(e(•klenbnrg streets, 2'.' rarniartlien and Main streets, ;;() Weiitwortli and I>rit:iin streets, .'M Barracks, west of (arniartlieii street,... .".2, do. Wentworth street, t{8; do. east ol" Carmarthen street :!l Pitt and Dnke streets, l}-j do. St. .lames streets, ;i()j do. Britain streets, 157 St. .lames and Wentworth streets, .')S Siietlield and Carmarthen streets, Hl)| do. Wentworth streets, 40 Main and Wentworth streets, 41 (^ueen and Canterlinrv streets, 42 do. at >[cFarlane's, 4;} do. and Pitt streets, 44! do. and Wentworth streets, 45 Meeklenbnrg and Wentworth streets,... 4() do. and Carmartiien streets 47 Dnke and Wentwortli streets, 48 Leinster and Crown streets, 4!) King street, at Wright's, 00 do. and Crown street, 01 Elliott Row and (-'rown street, ")2 Union and Crown streets, o3j do, and Pitt streets, 64! do. and Wentworth streets, at Peters' Tainiery, at I'nion Alley iind I'rinee William streets, md ( ieorge streets,. do. do. do. do. o.> 0(i 57 5U, Canterbury street, opp. News Office, Fall of 18S1. Loss ill Fuct. H"< 1S70 7> 1S75 S2 H77 U2 1S77 n:; 1 ^7H '.''.♦ 1S77 12n ls7s >0 ls75 fl2 1S7S 117 ls7S 10.-) ls7s 114 IsTs 107 1S7S lot; KK 102 1S7S 117 1>7n IPl 1>77 1(>>^ 1><7S 112 1S7S '.t^ 1n7S 117 l'^77 jiir. 1>78 lus IsTs Hit 1S7S lit; 1S77 105 1S7S S<.( 1^75 10:} 1.S77 tt2 1S77 '.»;; 1.S77 i*^ 1N77 114 1S77 101 1S7G «IS 1S7() 1(15 ls77 IMI 1S77 ^2 1S77 los 1877 115 1878 I 78 f,.", do 72 74 78 '.19 (14 71 94 85 S7 7(1 85 88 98 9:5 85 92 78 92 87 87^ 100 95 84 69 84 77 71 79 97; 85' 88 89 71 do 85 94 (l.S 49 47 •57 50 (18 8;'i 58 50 82 (19 09 74 (10 81: 7!i 75 78 00 1 75 70 15 14 18 15 18 15 10 11 15 12 10 8 .'15 7 11 17 17 14 10 14 12 17 17 15 80; 14 88 12 08 10 54 15 75 9 03 14 04 / 70 8 86 11 7 8 74 9 80 9 58 13 54 11 80 5 78 10 PrpMiit (litli'ii'iKc lu'lUl'LMl Noiiiiiiiil iinii At'tuul. 85 feet. 29 85 85 88 80 01 '11 3'' 85 30 85 37 84 80 80 :v.\ 34 32 35 30 30 33 83 37 35 28 29 29 28 28 24 24 25 32 28 28 37 I'roxnf _ Loss 1 Fret. (lill'cu'iict 1 lii'tween 1 Noiiiiiiiil '•i . Ac 1 tuul. ;{ 1.-) ;5r) fet't. '.) 14 29 ti 7 \'A ;{") ti 7 1") ;?.') tt C, IS :is 41 J 1.-) •M 44 'i 10 37 (4 3 11 27 4( (V lo 3'- 44 2 12 3o 44 1 11) 3(; 11 1 S 3o (I 2 ;]") • •>• 44 [), 7 37 (4 i 11 34 (1 ^ 17 3() <( 1 17 3() >( t 14 37 44 ) 10 33 44 i\ 14 34 44 V 12 32 4* j 17 3.1 <4 ) 17 30 44 I lo 30 it ; 14 33 (4 ! 12 ;!3 44 ; Ui 37 44 15 35 41 i 9 ' 2S 44 14 29 44 / 29 4i S 2S 4( , 11 28 44 8 24 (( ! 9 ! 24 K 1 9 25 44 13 32 l( 11 1 28 (4 1 5 1 2S (4 ■ 1(3 ! 37 II No. 3 DISTRICT.— NOMINA 1, PUKSSIKK l(» TO sO FKKT I'.KLoW LITTLK KIVKIi KI>i:kVOIH. 1 KxniuMth, iiear liicliinniid slrt't-t, 2 «l|ipMsitf KxiiiMiilli >ln rt, ... 4 Watt'rldo, inn»i.>itf (nildiiii,' strii't ;■) do. <»|ipnsite HicliiiKdid strt'tt. ... (I ilo. and rliU'slri'cts, 7 do. and Paddnck strcots 8 Castlu street, at C'liri.siie's 9 CI iH" street, at centre, Jo r'addoek street, at centre, 1 1 IVtcr street, at centre 12 Iluzen street, at Milli!.,Mn's, l.'I Colnirii street, (>|p|iusiie .\dains'. — 14 Cliarioite street and Kin;,' Square, 21 do. and Kin^' street, 25 Charlotte and Princess streets, 2tl < 3S Princess and Carmarthen streets .3l> Princess and I'itt streets, 4(1 Lein^ter >treet, at llund)erl's alley,.. .. 41 Leinster and Carmartiien streets, 42 do. and Pitt streets, 4;') Kim: and Carmarthen streets, 44 Kllii'tt Row and Wi'iituorth street, 45 do. and Carm.irtiien street, ... 4(! Kini; Sijnare, Nortii sid", 47| do. iSouth side. 4slCui(in street, at No. 3 Km^ine House,... 49 L'nion and Ciermain streets. inal Aetna 1 l*re> -int'. I JI^S I'rcsent iliUcrt'iu't litl w. Cll 1 Fall of i Ff.t. I'all of issi. IVft. Niiiii ail Acti iial 1 al. lis 1877 O'J 11 11 27 f •ct. 7s 1S75 01 52 l* 20 i> 7-» 1S75 • U lit 12 20 '• .')S 1N7.S 40 ■">•") 11 2.". " 03 1S70 40 3s s 2;> *' 7tt I 870 5(; 45 11 •J 5 »' SO 1878 04 52 12 28 t» 00 1878 .").{ i:; 111 2.3 *• 1 i 1^77 02 I'.i i:; 28 hi 71 1S77 5 s 44 11 27 ** 01 1877 40 33 i:; 28 O ■IS 1S77 33 •).) 11 2*i *' •V.l 1877 44 3(t 14 •_'5 (• 40 1877 35 23 12 2i'i ** 48 1877 .33 ■).) 11 20 it 4S 1S77 '»•> .).) 21 11 27 l( 72 1870 .">S 4<; 14 20 it 47 is7t; .33 20 13 27 (4 so 1 s7t; OS 53 15 27 li 05 1^70 40 30 13, 20 a .51 1870 37 24 13 3(1 ik 03 1S77 48 3() 12 27 4k 70 1S77 52 15 33 4( 7s ls77 02 44 IS .34 (4 7.'> 1877 5;! 30 11 .34 *' 80 l.s77 03 40 14 31 44 (w 1877 •JO 38 12 20 44 57 1878 43 2;; 13 28 l( 5S l,s78 40 30 10 28 14 OS 1878 51 39 12 20 44 70 1S78 54 4(5 8 24 II 01 ; 1S78 .50 42 8 24 14 75 1878 58 41 1 -- 1 1 31 11 78 1878 55 44 11 31 II 75 1S78 58 47 11 28 11 48 1878 33 20 i;; 28 II .")9 1878 44 28 !•; 31 II 47 1878 30 17 !3 .30 11 07 1878 51 4(t 11 27 11 40 1878 32 20 12 20 II 43 1S78 27 14 13 20 11 03 1S78 4(5 39 7 21 11 40 1870 33 2<> 7 2.3 11 04 1877 48 42 2"' (1 78 1877 02 55 / 23 II 77 1877 59 40 13 31 II 54 1877 37 24 13 30 II 77 1877 ()2 4S 14 20 II 70 1877 55 41 14 20 ll 28 \(j. 1 DISTIULT.-O TO 10 FELT BELOW SUl'l'LYLNt^ KE.SEKVOIK. _ . Att'ial I'ii>sure'. IVcsciil Loss •l'"'''»>"i' jii lii'twieii Fall ,, , 'V'" fVH. ^':"';|'^'' I- fit. Ill •""« ..r 1S«1. Kini? and Wentwortli streets, ipe Leinster street, at I'iiie "Van ;!'.» 1.S7S 24 17 7 :!2 1S7S 12 5 7 do. and Wentwortli streets, ."{l 1S7« 11 7 7 iPrincess Hlreet, near Centenary Clmreli,i 38 1878 23 10 13 Actual. 22 feet. 24 28 It < .'^r^LMAUY OF FOKPJiOIXG TAI5LES. PltllSSLRI-: IN I-KKT. No 1 No. 2 No. r{ No. 4 District. District. Di.strict. District. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. (Jreatest loss dnring vears, 10 18 IS 13 Lowest do. do. 10 7 7 7 .\verage of loss, 14.34 12.52 12.00 8.5 Actual and Nominal Pre:?.surks: (Ireatest diireronce, 39 38 34 23 Least do. 20 23 23 22 Avera<,'es of diflerences, 33.70 31.74 27.05 22.7 The foregoing pre.s.sures are not given as ub.^olutely correct, but thoy are .«!iifiicieiitly near for practical purjK)se.>', and the lessons to be learned frcni them are (1), that the effective head is being gradu- ally reduced by increasing consumption; and (2), that large and valuable sections of the City are imperfectly supplied and poorly protected against the attacks of fire. For some years after the first 24 inch main went into use, as already noted, there was ample water at the summits for all ordi- nary purposes, so far at least i;s basements were concerned ; but for several winters before the second 24 inch pipe was laid, it had fallen .'-I '"^7^ iu:.si;i:\'oiK. IVcscnt I.dSS '''"'''ii' f 'j,,' liciwicn and Actual. / •J-2 feet. 7 27 " t 24 " 13 28 " so. 3 No. 4 strict. District. eet. Feet. 8 2.00 13 7 8.5 ^ correct, but the lessons to being gradu- al large and 1 and poorly t into use, as for all ordi- ned ; but for , it had fallen I 4 23 3 22 7.05 22.7 i 20 away i(» such an extent, through increa.^cd <'(»iisuiiij.:iiiii. that It had practically become intermittent, no water whativer icaching the l)a.ries of summit houses, and such a force for fire j)urpo.>es as would make each hydrant equal in i)ower to a medium sized fire engine. The importance and value of such a supply can scarcely be over- rated on the ground of convenience, econoniy, and security. v ith such a pre.>:sure, the costly and inconvenient arrangenuMits that are now .so common in districts o and 4 coidd be dispensed with, and two or moi-e of the })resent steam fire engines, which, in itself, would be a considerable anniuU saving. Besides this, with a })roper disposition of hosi', and a pressure at each plug equal to what is ordinarily obtained at present from the engines, the fire risks in districts 3 and 4, as well as in 1 and 2, would be greatly redu 3ed ; and greater security would bring a REDUCTION OF INSURANCE RATES that would amount in the aggregate t(j a large sum of money, and re})resent the annual interest on a very large outlay of capital, — greatly more indeed than could possibly be required lo make the improvements so urgently needed. There is no exact data from which to estimate what this yearly .saving would be, but it will not be unreasonable to a.ssume that there is in St. John (East) and in the Town of Portland insurable property amounting to at least 820,000,000 in round numbers, and that the reduction in annual premiums, with the ])ressure contem- ])lated, would be at least one-eighth of one i)er cent. On this basis, the yearly saving in premiums alone would amount to $2'),000 ; or the interest at 5 % on a cai)ital outlay of fully SoOO.OOO, and the saving named is less by a great deal than gentlemen well versed in the l)Usino.-js of insurance and the infhienre a hitdi j)res,us supply of water obtainable near the City, which was ecjually suitable ibr domestic and manufacturing j)urposes, to that which is to be had from Little liiver, Lake Latimer, or Loch Lomond, the question of choice, as between pum[)ing and gravita- tion would be narrowed down to one of relative economy, — as to whether the first cost and annual outlay on pumping works would be more or less than the amount of interest which would be j)ayable annually on the capital rec^uired to bring the same quantity of water by means of pipr's from either of the sources named above. If the annual cost of pumping were less than the annual amount payable on the capital required for reservoirs, gate houses and mains, to Little River or Loch Lomond, on the ground of economy, such a system would be fairly considerable ; but as there is no such body of water obtainable, unless in the direction of Little Kiver and Loch Lomond, and as the respective elevations of these sejiarate sources are sufficient in themselves to send the watcu' forward to the City without the aid of artificial power, the question of punqying as against gravitation appears to be fairly and finally settled. This was the view taken by the old Water Company in 1849, and the works then constructed on Little River and all subsequent 4 addi, ■1 < bit nig ()tt( 31 I j)r('.<.-urc wator alter a vtar or ( 'ity the advaii- ciliary ])um])'nuj s that now r water sheds of Little River above our present reservoir, and of Loch Ivomoml, are likewise outlined, and the several routes indicated i)y which tlie aiiq)ler and nobler waters of the latter mav be brought to tlu' Citv and utilized. This map has been prej)arcd specially for this Report from the personal surveys of my assistant Mr. \\ illiam [Murdoch, and is imich more comi)lete and exact in details than any preceding one relating to this section of country, DRAINAGE BASINS, or AREAS. The drainage area of Little River Basin, as outlined on tliis ma}), is about l^-lUO acres, and that of Loch Lomond 27,700 acres. The former is the area from which (jur present supply is drawn ; and the latter, the area that would be added by an extension to Loch Lomond. Before proceeding to point out and consider the several ways by which this most desirable extension may be accomplished, and the cost of each, a few brief remarks on the physical features of the principal Lakes that may be converted into storage, or compensa- tion reservoirs within the districts named, may not be out of place. 32 The Lukes, to wliicli ('lii<'t' rolcrc'iico will l)c iiuidc, an' tlu lol lowiiiir, vi'.c. : — llifvntiiiii iltlKVC l.ukc .Nri'ii.M. Ti.tiil "f l.iikf Art'a.i. ( ity (liitiiiii. LiTTI.r. 1\I\ T.l! I)ISTIM< T : llcscrvdir, lOO fi-ct. :•,:.'. acres Laki' I .Dili:, :;is " .••.ti i» I.aki' liiick, •-'.■..-) " Idil II \/.\kv Doiii^Ia-i 'J.'iD " •'}'} 11 LaUi' l"it/.i,'fralil, •j;t4 " 7''» ii •J'.tTl acre'"!. Loch I.omonm I)isti{kt: Likt' Laliiiicr ^*)-> " •Jio acres. Lake I)imal(lsiiii. :'i(i-j " 7-") it Loi'll I.OlMOIld, No. 1, .",(!(» '• IT'.H) 1 1 (1... No. -J ;;()() " 4")() 11 tlo. No. :; :5(i(i " 240 ii I.ake OttiT, iiiKvrtain. ]-J(t u Lake Terrin, (1 «).') >< Lake ( lodsoc, (( •_>.-) II Lake Cliainbors, (( 1(10 11 .'5,07o acres. LITTLE lUVEU RESEliVOIli, it will be observed, 1ms a smaller surfaeo area tlian either of the Lakes beloniriiiLT to its district (excepting Lake Long), and would be altogether inadecjuate for the work it has to do, were it not for the constant and copious supplies which ai'e brought to it daily from its extensive collecting ground. This su})ply is .so abundant, that for the greater part of the year there i.s a sur})lus running to waste beyond what is drawn for City use ; and it is only in seasons of extreme drought that a supplemental supply has to be taken from Lake Ivatinier. The greatest annual surface oscillation or maximum difference between the highest and lowest levels since 1862 is (> feet 11 inches in 1877, and the least 10 inches in 1873; and the average of twenty (20) years from bi-daily observations 2 feet 2' inches. The water obtained from this reservoir is generally soft and clear, and well suited fc ty purposes, but it is subject to periodical discoloratious when a warm and dry season is followed by heavy rains. This discoloration makes it unpleasant to the eye, and unfits it !i(If, art' the li»l- \rr;is. Total of Lake Area;*. at TfS UTt'S. •J! I?.', iu're*. 3,07') acres. lan eitluT of the ing), aiul would ), were it not for iglit to it daily ' is f^o abundant, r{)lus running to 5 only in seasons lias to be taken imuni difference () feet 11 inches verage of twenty es. lerally soft and ect to periodical lowed by heavy ?ye, and unfits it 33 to some extent for doiiicstic use, such as tin' washing of clothes, but it does not lessen it«* generally salubrious character. Thi^ is a |»(iint tin which the best authorities ure fully agri'cd. however nuich they nuiy fliller in respect to certain other organic and iunrganic iinj)uri- tics coruniunly found in well and river waters. The coloring matter which gives the water the brownish hue just noticed, is extracted from the peaty portions of the collecting ground which form the valley (jf Litlh' Kiver, and \\ain|iy ami >iiiall. aii*l iiiakr it wliully unlit t'nr ilii- duty. It is fnnii this i|iiai'tiT that iinn-ji nt" thf niloriiiLT iiiattt !• cMinr.-" uhii li dt^trny- ;hc tniii«:|tar»'iMy uf Little Kivcr water, and L'ivcs it ilic iiiipiiasaMt tint jii-t ntitici-il. Thf.-t' oltjcctiohs aic I'alal to this Lake ever \\^'\u•^ aide hy ilsi'It* to take th«' phici' ol'a .-( rvicc rex r\(iii- I'or St. Jolui. L.\KK rrr/(;i:i{ALi), the next oil the list, has an clivalion altovc ( 'ity datum of 'JI>4 tret, and a sin-racc area of aimut 7") acres. It is also a h't'dcr of Litth* Kivcr, and is di-tant eastward' t'roin our pn'si-nt rrsiTVoir ahout •"> miles. Its j)hysical features hav(> a strouir reseiuManee to those ot' Lak«' Huek, and its waters are e<|ually (»l»jeetioiial>le lor potalde purposes, lieinir perched on the very summit almost of the ridire of land w hich divides the water sheds itf Mispeck and Little Hiver. its eollectini; Lrronnsy water inltt Little Iiiver. For the reasons stated, it too is unlit in itself for a xrvice reservoir.'' LAKK LATI.MLIl is the hiirhest and deepest and largest of the Lakes that are found on the ridjj^e of land which divides the valley of the MisjK-ck fron: that of Little River. At one point it is only 400 feet distant I'rom Lake Fitzgerald; hut while the discharife of the one is into Little River, the outllow of the other was (until l-S.')!) into the Mispeek. The ridire which divides these Lakes has an api)earanoe in places! of a wall or dvke of stone and earth thrown loo.-;elv toj^ether, throujjrh whieli the water of Tiake Latimer passes freely when near its maxi- mum. Hut notwithstanding the closeness of these I^akes to each other, their characteristics are widely different. The one is surrounded by a flat mos.sy margin, and its water is shallow, dark, and swam})y ; while the other has a sandy beach and bottom, and a body of water of surpassing brilliancy and beauty. I * The owner of tliis I.ake having? iliscovcrtd, since the above was written, that its bottom (iontaiiu'il a valualilc ilei)osit of diatoiiaceous oartli, or " fossil meal," has had the greater part of the water drawn oil', with a view to its utilization. iiy, \v«rf it otlt- rvtiir, lint, like (iiiill. :iih1 iimki' I r that iiiiicli lit* •iiniK V of Littif imticcd. Thcfit' ilM'lt' to take tli«' mil tlinsc (it" Lake dtalili' j)iir|nis(.'.s. re of laml wliicli ir, its cMlIcctiiiir studs at tinu's ii Fur tilt.' nasoiis ■ that arc fuuiid ' .Misjici'k fnin: LH't distant from ic is into LittK' to the Mispeek. raiu'o in places get her, tli rough 1 near its niaxi- s to oac'ii other, ' is surrounded <., and swampy ; I body of water itten, tliat its bottom has liad the greater In point of softnos and purity, the water of Lake Latiimr i> only inferior to that of Lu h I.oniond, and greatly >up«'rtor lo what i> eomnionly foinid in Littif Kivrr, a> will l»e shown hereafter. It^ original or natural oiitfall, a> aliiady remarked, wa.- into ihr Mi. peek, lull in the l'\ill of l^'ij tiii* wa> ehi.-i d l»y an rartheii dam, and an outlet opened fnr its wjiters, ri'i Lake l-'ii/gii-ahl. intu Litile Uiver. Tlii.-> wa> d>>iie immediately alter the I'J ineh mam \\a> laid to Little lliver to eumptn.^ale the liieil. (ir l)oI.-fnid .Mill fur the water tsiken iVom the river for City use. And luluie thi> wa.- dune, a money eompeii^aiiun was paiti tu the Mi>peek Mill owner- I)imoek tV Hall) for the water thus divirted iVum the >ti»am, the aniount of which was ti.xed hy arbitration. The water of this Lak»; is .-till l.cld in reserve lor eumpcn.-atiun p.irpose-', in dry sea.-uii.-, l»iit has rai an important and valuable adjunct to uur present sy.-tem uf .-npply, and may be mure so in the future, should it be cuiivt'rted, in eunnectiun with Luch Luiiiuiid, into a high .-erviet" re.-ervuir, and euniicct(d uilh uur Little Itiver mains. It has a surface area of about "JlO acres, a great de|)tli, and tin elevation of :')()"2 feet fully abovi' City datum, lis miles; and I'rom the City line at the Abuidcau abuut 7' miles. Its drainage area, however, is exceedingly small, as may be inferred from its position, and much of its water is popularly believi'd to be the product of springs, which docs not sei-m improbable when tiic wological cont(nir and chaiai Xvv of the countrv arc con.>ideri'd. LAKK DoriiLAS is the head or source of Little Uiver. It is lung and narrow, and moderately ileep ; but its waters, though greatly superior to those of Lakes liuck and Fitzgerald, are inferior to those of Lake Latimer. Its superficial area is about ")5 acres, and its distance i'rom Little River reservoir IJl miles, or 7j miles from the City line at the Aboideau. Like all the other lake feeders of Little River, it has but a small collecting ground, and one uf its chief sources of supply is the water of vvhat is known as " Victoria spring," which comes to the surliice '^ 111 It a |t(iirit alMiiit KM rods to tli<- iiuriliwi .•^twai')! of the lake, mihI wliMh IS fiihiioxd Iroiii I t> .•! cariM'ss ami cooiiics*, a* \\v a."* po.-i- tioii, to collie tVoiii Lake I)oiial(lsoii or Loch Loiiiond. Tliat tliio lake is ton >tiiall, in itself, to iiicct tlic rci|iiin-tiii>iits of tin- City ami I'mtlaiid, h apiuirciit from tlic fact that it is only one, nn made on them and maintain an averaue h vel at the ;.'ate Iwaise. Its surface level is ahoiit 'J.'!0 feet altove ("ity datum, or 7{' til*' lake, Mild !l> Will as |tn.«.i- (|iiir(>iii(>nt.<' ot' It it is (»iily oiH'. (lis('luir;r<' into il that ill siiiiif asnistuiici' from Ic oil tlit'iii aiiij itiiiii, or 70 r<'('t am at its outlet i'Xtmit without )r mains laid of uncctcfl to our |iros>ur(', Would tor the W(»rk of iiadc hctwci'ii it »rou;:^lit thither. tcinplated ( vor ;o, and the old tie Iviver. Hut iu; Lake hit* n superfieial area of al»out 7'» acres. lunl an eleva- tion above City datum of about ^So:* feet; but it^^ water shed is barely sutiicient to supply its loss by evaporation. In *>«"//". tin re- foH', it is insufficient for a service nservoir. thou;.di it> altitudi and elose pro.ximity to Loeh Lomond siiL'^rest it a> an auxiliary to any >ystem of supply which may >eek Loeh Lomond, in thi> direetioii, as its IIiimI .-uiirce or fountain head. It." waters, however, are saiil to be <-opiously supplied with hctches and li/.ard>, and for llii* reason are unpopular. L()(II LOMO.M) is the next and only oiher Lake to be brietly iiotieed ; and tlii> i< s(t well known alreadv that it would be >upertluoU' to enti-r miiiutelv into a descri|>tion of its natural |tro]H'rties and featuns; yet a few words touchiiiL' sinh points as rehiti' to our proeiit empiiry may not f)e out of place. This Loch, or Lake, is admiiably adapted for the purposes \\v have in view, and combines, to u remarkable extent, every essential of a first class water sii|»ply. vi/.., volume, elevation, depth, briLdit- ne.S!«, taste, jiurity and softnos; and is the only >ource tVoiii whieh a bountiful supjily of really i:ood water can be obtained, as may have been observed by the brief notice's ;:iven of the lar;.'e>t laki'> beloli;_Mng to the water .-lied of Little lliver. KAIN FALL. There are no reliable data from which to estimate the rain fall • »f its extensive gatheriiiir ;:round, nor for our jiresent purpose is this information necessary, as the larire volume of water that runs from it constantly durinuc the driest seasons of the year jiuts its ability to supply Saint John and Portland, lor irenerations to come, beyond u doubt or peradventure. STORAGE CAPACTTY. The superficial area of this Loeh, or rather, series of Lochs, — the lower, the middle, and the upper, — is about 2,4>»() acres; and this may be still further increased by converting its principal feeders (Lakes Otter, Terrio, Ciodsoe and Chambers) into storage reservoirs, as could be done easily were such required for compensation or other ])urposes. Exclusive of these, however, each foot in depth of the area named would be equivalent to about sLvty-seven (67) days su])ply at a rate 1:^ :]s of 1r)) million-'^ of jrallons j)( r day ; or a depth of (5 feet to a wlutlc year's supply at the .-aiuc I'atc, >ii])po>ing no water was to find its wav into the Locii lor the time named heyond what was neeissary to make ijfood its hiss hv evaporation. A verv small dam thert'fore at its outlet woidd suffice to store ti body of wati-r which would he sufficient for the daily wants of the City, without impairing' tlu' flow lo the Mispeek and the mills dependiuir on it tor tlu'ir motive ])ower. This Lake alone is sixty-six i (W! i times lavLMT than our jtresent reservoir, and has ninr 1) ' times the supeitieial area of all the lakes that flow into Little iJiver ;d)ove the site of our works. IJy adding the areas of its >everal laki' feeders to that of its own. tlu- diflerence in its favor would he as circcn ' 11 i to onr, nearly, and would exceed this considerably were their relative capacities measured by cubic contents, — as the Loch Lomond system of lakes are better adapted for storairo pur|)oses than are those of Little Uiver. In respect therefore to the immense (juantity of water that could be collected and stored by this Lake and its tributaries, for compen- sation and City use, there can i)e no shadow of doubt, even in the absence of reliable records relating to annual and available rain fall from the surroundinLT countrv. SURFACE KLF.VATION OF LoCIl LO.MOXI). The ordinary elevation of this Loch, or Lake, is oOO feet above City datum, and its distance from the City by the road, about 10^ miles. It is 140 feet higher than Little River reservoir, and 70 feet higher than Lake Douglas. Its altitude, therefore, as well as the vast body of water it cijutains, makes it a most desirable source of supply from every point of view. A direct connection with this Lake woultl give an initial pres- sure at each fire hydrant in the Citv, as well as in the Town of Porland, sufficient to throw copious and powerful streams over our highe.st summit buildings, without the aid of engines. A change such as this, would be of incalculable advantage, and could not fail to give great additional security to property of all kinds. But, be- sides elevation and volume, the (QUALITY OF THE WATER is unexceptional in every particular, and fitted in every way for the several purposes to which a towu supply is usually put, being 39 ) fbct to a wliolo cr was to find its at was lUH'Cssarv II (lam tlicn'turi' wliicli would he ipairiiiju' tlu' flow •ir motive j)owcr. liaii our j)iTsriit a of all tlu' lakes rks. liy ailding ni. the ., Do., 1 - f C-'^ ^ 1 i- n ti; — 1 ;- J. ^ A ^ sniu* i:. — ^. " ^ «'. AITIIOHITY. In ^rair.N 1 |ier ' Imperial do. ( ity liyilraiil, ... '.t.'ili . l.ii.-, 10.11 " Stearns. r;!»aic rivi-r. -..4'.t ' ■■\Ai ».'.i2 " lloislord. I'ilti'rin^; lia-iii.... i<:i\ 0..-.4 S.7-) '■ ( lolt. I.aki- < tiit!irii>, ... S.40 " McKlniy. Winler river, ... ."i.iC) 2.;Vi; S.Ol " Haves. Lake ICiii-. ."l.f.l.l l.s:j 7..->2 " Cas'sels. ' Lakf Miehinaii.- ■"•.'.Hi 1.27 7.2:i Drs. HIaney and Mariner. 1 St. I.awrviKi-, ... .-.111 2.01 7.02 I'rof. LiUvards. J Harris river 4.IM 2.l 1.2G 3.08 " Sillinian. 'Xess river. 2.10 0.90 3.00 " Taylor. I'atiixet river. .. l..->4 1.1.1 2.64 Lmli Katrine, ... l.'JH 0.12 1 2.10 •' wiilsV Mirriiiiae river,.. 1.07 1.01 2.0S " Apjileton. Loch Loiiiund, ... n.si 0.S2 1.63 " Rohh. iLake Latimer, ... 0.08 0.86 1.54 do. 'Little river, ... 3.o:{ X\Yi ! 6.10 do. ' A brief cxuniination of the above resume will make apparent the general superiority of the waters of Loeh Lomond, and their admir- able adaptability to publie purposes. In regard to organic matter, they stand seventh on the list, and their total of solid "impurities" is less than the lowest of all the places named. Compared with the water of Little liiver, their organic jnatter is as (S2 to oOT, and their inorganic as 81 to 303 ; or, in other words, the organic and inorganic matter found in Little River by the late Dr. Robb was 374 per cent, in excess of Loch Lomond, — the waters of both having been taken at the same time and treated iii the same way. It is evident therefore that the popular opinion in favour of this 41 Al TIIOIIITV Cliaiuller. llo. tciiriis. llo IS ford. nilt. .M(i;ii(iy. Hayes. ( u.-sels. HIaiR'y and Mariner. IM wards. do. I'raiikland. llavis. ( liaiidliT. Lawsnn. llavi s. • handler, lldisford. I'dwards. Nicliul.s. Wurtz. Iunil)er. . I'rankland. IVnny. Nichols, Haves. do. Sillinian. Tavlor. Mills. Apiiletoii. Uohh. do. do. akc apparent the and their adniir- li on the list, and lowest of all the ttle Kiver, their as 81 to 303 ; or, • found in Little excess of Loch at the same time in favour of thi.s Lake is well founded, and that there are few cities uuivv tavituralily <-ir('umstanced than St. John in tlu' item of watrr supply. In am- plitude, in elevation, in proximity, in freedom from en!_'ineerin!.r difficidties, in purity, in tiavour, in colour and softness, the waters at its command, from this .-ource, stand almost unrivalled. The next and last •{Uestion to considt'r in connection with this enijuiry, is IN WHAT WAY AND AT WHAT COST can the.sc waters he hroULdit to the City and Portland for distrihu- tion ? To reach this m(»st desirable end one of three ways may be fol- lowed : ' 1 I, hy way of Lake iJou^das ; ( 2 i, by way of Lake Doiiald- .iim. — The required dam would be a small affair, say seven (7) feet high, exclusive of foundation, and fifty (oO) to sixty ((JO) feet Ions from bank to bank. The materials contem|>lated in its con- struction are earth and stone, which are plentiful in the neighbor- hood, and of excellent (juality. liy means of this dam the natural surface of the Lake would be raised about three (3) feet above what it now is, and that much added to its storage capacity, or to the extent of about forty-five (4o) million gallons. To raise it above this would cause it to over- flow its banks, in [)laccs, and a only, would lift the water to the !iii;lu'st stories of th(> present summit l»uil(iin;is and add considerably to their protection. Cat); ILtiisr. — The gate house and iidluent ehand)er would he of .>.tone or JM'ick, and placed at some convenient point in the natural hank on the northern .-idc. where di-ep water could he reached with a mininmm of lahour. The j)roposc•'! inches in diameter. One of oiii- pre>ent 124 inch mains, fed by a pij)c ot'this size at Little Kivcr reservoir, and discharLnni: at a ixiint or into a ri'servoir placed .")() feet above the intersection of Leinster and Wentworth streets (say b'^O feet above City datum i, would be able to supply n>,l'!') gallons an hour, or .'>,?^72,000 gallons per day; a deduction of 20^/c having been made for internal crustation ;nid other reducing influences. This suppiv it i> proposed to devote, in the mean time, to JilijJi service exclusively, taking the low service as at present from Little Iliver. And shoidd it be desired hereafter to draw the whole of our supj)ly from h,ake Douglas, another pipe of equal or greater capa- city would have to be laid between this lake and our present works on Little River. AVith this connection formed, our daily capacity of su])ply would be about as follows, viz. : Low servieu -4 inch pil'e, do rj inch l>ipe, IIkj/i service 'J4 iiuli pipe, ;,S!)."j,()Oo gallons. bci 4,o()(l,t»()0 3,872,000 Tola! per 24 lumrs 8.372,000 of tlio present •tioii. •I' \V(tlll(l 1)0 of II the iiatiirjil icaclied witli would I)r of our greater eapa- »resent works sujjply would ;)n.s. 4,o0(),00() 3,872,000 8,3712,000 This rej)resciits a jxr capita sujiply oi' ll20 gallons to a pnpula- lion of nearly 70,000; jind in this eoimeetion it may he remarked that the theoretical discharge of the lox' service 21 inch |>ipe has been reduced !20'/f,as in the case of the hiijh service one and the \'l inch pipe 'I'^'/c for loss of art'a, etc. I^ijti' Ijiiif. — The best ohtaiuahle route has hei'U selected, but it is somewhat niULrh ;uid brnken. It is ])retty free, however, from curvature, and wholly exemj)t from rock. About l"i()() feet of the requiri'd digging would be fully 20 tect deep, but the balance would be moderate, and no heavy embanking would be ri(|uired. It i.s easy of ace(v•")(> ' feet of conduit will be required, 1,1>00 of which will be light and easy, and 2,4-~)0 heavy and difticult to construct. The lighter and cheaper portion (section '> 1 exteiKb from Lake Douglas ujiward in the direction of Lake Donaldson, or between A and B on the annexed map, and the heavier sections ( 1 and 2) from this onward to Lake Donaldson < B to C), and thence to Loch Lomond I) to Li through the ridge of land that divides the waters of the two lakes. The line selected f»rsecti(jn one is believed to be \'vi'v from rock, and the excavation generally would be in clay and giavel. As this part of the work will be to some extent temporary, it is jiroposed to use plank or light timber in the construction of its conduit, — this material being greatly cheaper than iron, and abler liian brick work to resist the erosive action of the wati'r in its rapid d( -cent of 00 feet in nineteen (1!)) hundred. Coujing to the heavier sections, No. 2 is about 11 ")0 feet long and No. o about l;)()0 feet. The digging: in both will be, as far a? fr' k nown, in earth eompo >ed of loose shin.") feet. This part of tiie work, it is feared, will be more than usually troublesome, aud may overrun the estimates The estimate is for a brick co'iduit of 4i feet in.sidc diameter, for each seetion, with suitable strainers, gate houses and gates to 44 1 rc^iiliitc the fiuw. The coiitcMuplalcd iUll is 1'} iiiclios per 1000 feet, mimI with tills (lcs«'(iit the (•ii|)ii('ity is placed hy safe liydraiilic f'or- iimla at unc tnilliun i.'alloiis jxt hour. (»r twciity-f'oiir iiiillioiis per (lay. This is ^rrcatly in excess of j)reseiit wants, hut as this part of the work coiihl not he enlai'u'e(l without much ditiiculty and cost, it should he made suthciently suhstanlial and capacious to last for ages without renewal or enlargement. It would he poor j)olicy to curtail its capacity for a present saving of a fi'W thousand dollars. The bottom line, or invert of No. 2, is to he placed 14 feet below the j)resent .surface level of Lake Donaldson; and that of section 15, 11 feet below that of Loch Lomond. These lines would allow (i i'eet of water to be drawn from Loch Lomond, or U, ()')!!, 000, ((()() gallons, without impairing the estimated maximum capacity of the conduit. The cost of the woi'ks on this route is t'stimated at 3215,740.00, brieHy as follows, exclusive of water rights: Sec. 1. I'rin^'iiiii- llie \v;Ucrs of Loth Loiiioiul to Lake Donaldson, L.'JUO liet : Laixl lOe P.riek eondnit, L150 I'eet, at (*, 5!2O.0tl, Clearing and gruhhing 30 acres (t iSoO.OO, !?200 00 500 00 10,000 00 7.800 00 4.000 00— ^27.500 00 200 00 ")00 00 0,000 00 (),ilOO 00 0,000 00— 22,()00 00 200 00 ,"00 00 OfiO 00 2,sr,0 00— 4,010 0(t SOd 00 1,-")U0 00 un a1 outlet, D; Wasteway, (!ate house and iidet channel, 750 00 250 00 4.000 00— '.00 00 C 'If* arru' on I.itlli' llivir: 2,%0 tons of 8:; ill. piiK', 6' s;;J4.nn inn.cin on 4 Main stop corks, (x Onn.nd 2, Kioon 4 Flii>liiiiK •* (" r.n.nn -jno no 20 tons s|K-cials, (n (lO.nn l,2n(i 00 2") tons lead, (" 12i;.nn ;;,n(io 00 .•;n.nnn pim' wedjrts, ('I 2c., onn on Spun varii, coal and oil, Ton (10 air valves, (" s2n.OO. 120 nO 111,0(10 iVct limii.er, r-* >;lo.OO, l,llnno Land daiiia,i,'c. Ill acres, r-/ S2n.00 ;!S(l no Clearing and ,<:riil>liinL' I'.t acres, (" s.")().nn. <».")(» 00 E.xcavatioii and re-liiliiii; in earth, ;!4,Uiin cnl.ie yards, f" ;;.")c., 11,900 00 I'ipe layinji, etc., :;,0()(i tin Handlinf,' and cartage of pipes in city 2. ."ills 00 ;;.n.')Otons eartaire to pipe line, (" •'^2.00, »i,lon 00— i;!l,7ls 00 Knj,'iiu'eriii,i,', superintendence and extras, 10,012 no >;21'>,740 no The siihstitiitiun of a rectan^fiilar wood conduit with tirched hrick cover, ;is shown in the annexed diaL^'ani, woiild reduce the cost of the ahove work tiiioiit S'lOOO, and a still fartlier reduction could he iiKide hy iisiui; a smaller iron pipe. For instance, were ii oO inch pipe substituted Ibr tlu '.]'■) inch one, a saving of about 811,000.00 would be etl'ected on the iirst cnitlay ; and the adoption of a 24 inch pijie would make Ji reduction of tibout S3i),47r).00. With conduits 1 and 2 in wood instead of brick, tind '■)■) inch l)ipo, the cost would be reduced to about 82O'S,r)S0.OO ; with wind conduit and oO inch pipe, to about 8107,080.00, and wood coiuluit.s luid 24 inch jiipe to about SKJO.lOo.OO. To conduits in wood, there could be no substantial objection. Properly constructed and constantly sul)inertr!itiuii df tlii-. it mny lie rtiiiiirkcd that the jtrcscnt ncfiin/ (•!i|i!icity <•(' tlic iiKiiiis Iciidiii;.'' to the ('ity i'roiii Little Ilivcr i- csti- iriiittil at alxiiit S, .")()(), 000 inijicrial j^allniis jut day ; while the su|ij»ly ohtaiiiahh' i'nim a .'I.'I inch I»i|><', cxtiiidiii^' tVnin Bh)ckhous(-hilI t(» Lake DniiLdas reduced t'ui- inlenial enistratiou, etc. , wuuhl he ahout 7,040,000 ^'alh.ii-: (Vuin a -"JO inch <>iie. .">.r):5M,000 ; and iVoiu a 24 inch one, I'.'t'J^I.OOO ^jalhuis oidy. J'^'oiii the mnrLiiii nl' area in favour nl' the mains new in use, cnniparetl with cither of the i>ij)es named, tliere is ixround to helieve that eacli wouhl (h) sonietlnnii better than this, if required to (hi the ir/io/f work of hiirh and hiw >erviee, l>ut there is no ;^oo(l reason to helieve that either of the smaller pipes, tlu> 'J4 or .'50 inch, could perforin the duty >atisfactorily. These several (piantities may he taken, therefore, as the relative and approximate ea|)aeities of the pipes named, were the supply cut olf from Little River, and taken wholly from Lake Douglas; as would be the ease practically, to a City generally ; and a relative destruction of the advantages accruing from an cHec- tive high pressure service. This reduction in i)rcssuro would correspond in a measure to the hourly delivery of the mains as compared with the hourly con- sumption. As long as the former exceeded the latter, an etiective pressure would be maintained, but as soon as the hourly draft rose above what the mains could furnish, at their assumed {)oint of delivi'ry, the pri'ssure would begin to fail and would continue to recede until it reached a point corresponding to the head or fall reijuired to maintain the then existing draft. It is this principle that comes into operation during the winter season, when waste abounds, and causes so much annoyance to the upi)er sections of the City ; and it is with a view to avoid this diffi- (;ulty and insure an effective summit pressure for house and tire purposes, on all occasions, that the larger pipe is recommended. Should this route be accepted and a cluinge made at all in the pipe, - iKtw 111 use, 1(1 to lu'licvc t(l to do tlu' (1(1 reason to > inch, couM - tlic relative le sui)i)ly cut I)(»iiirlas ; as It, evi'ry time ppros.sing Hrc (ler such cir- ution of liead ity ^'enerally ; from an eiiec- a measure to 10 hourly con- r, an etiective irly draft ruse imcd point of d continue to le head or fall ing the winter loyance to the .void this diffi- louse auvl tire recommended, ill in the pipe, it sliould he to a lai'L''er rather than a smaller size. No city was evheil daily to its eiti/.ens. I'.V WAV OF LAKi: DoNALD-oN. To follow this course means thi' eonver-ion of tlii- Lake into a liiirh service reservoir, and connecting to it oiir pre-cnt .supplying mains hy one or more pipes extending from niir j»re>eiit woi-ks, or Little Iviver to Lake Donaldson. By doing so, 140 feet would lie addt d to our present nominal lieail, and a pressure ohtained at Bloekhouse-hill ami similar sum- mits ahout ecjual to that which now pn vails in Prince William street. With sucii a pressure, the ("ity could he safely sectioned or triets. as already intiiiiate(l, and steam engines he all hut discarded, \\t re>ueli deemed desirai»le. Xo location surveys have heen made yet for a |)ipe line hy this route, hut sulii'ieiit data liavi' hceii ohtaint d tt> -Imw that an excel- lent and easily woi'ked line can he had, if needed. The outlet would he at till' .->anie jioiiit as that propo.-ed for Lake Douglas, where siiitahle .-trainers, gate hou>e and gates would he jdaced to regulate the iiiilow ami outtlow of the water. The Works contemiilated foi- hringing llu' waters of Loch Lo- moml to Lake Donaldson, and I'rom tlu'uc*' to the gate house or etflueiit chamher, are similar in every resjieet to tliosi' (hx-rihed in connection with the Lake Douglas schemes, and are common there- fore to hotli routes. The chief difference l)etw(M>n routes 1 ainl '2 consi.-ts in tl le laying of an iron pijjc from II to V> instead of tlu' 1, !)()() feet i. The ditiereiice in cost, however, would not l)e represented hv the difrerenee in cost hetween a wooden sluice and that of an iron j)ij)e alone, as the su|K'rior elevation ot" Lake Donaldson would j)ermit a smaller i)ipe to he used betirecii. Lake Donrjhi.-i atnl Liff/f Jilrrr, with equal or hetter results in the way of daily delivery. Proposed Pij)i'. — A pipe of .30 inches diameter is proposed in this instance, in place of the oo inch one recommended in ])roject Xo. 1. A pipe of this size would he cai)al)le of supplying (alone) under 1 4.S a fjakc DuiiiiMsdii j)r('ssiir('. fully 7, "(»(), 000 iiii|»( rial i_'all">tis daily, at -"jO feet ahnvc Hlockliowsc-liili ; and one of uiir present 24 iiicli mains fed at Little iJiver liy u |)i|)(> of this size, ."), 440.000 ^rallons. The latter would he the ordinary hiirh service supply, and in ai|><', lli;,'h stTvici- -\ iiuli |ii|ic, ;{,s;i;,,t)(i(i (;u.'),(i(iu — 4,-')nn,n(M» ";,Mo,ono T..tal ((iiiil.iiHMi ciiiKicily '.l,!l4(»,n()U For hiirli service alone, a smaller pipe iiULdit answer for the pre- sent, hut the motives and the reasonini; that U'd to the adoption of a .'}•') inch main for Lake Doii^das, justify the use of a .'lo inch one in this instance. The cost of this route is estltuiited, approximately, at 82-')(>,,ti(l(l iciiis 'M) iiicli pipe, (« S.'M.OO, .') Main sldj) fofks, " .'>()(l.0((, (t Fliisliinf; " " oO.Ud, 7 .\ir valves, " -JO.dU, •J") tons specials, " tJd.dO, :iO tons lead, " I'JO.Ud, :>(),()dd |)ini' wi'dii-es, " '2c., Sjiun varn, coal and oil, l.")0 yi hunher, " Id.dd, Land dania.ire, li") acres, " 2d.dd, Clearin;,^ ard f^nihldni,' 20 acres ('i S.IO.OO, lOxcavatinj^ and re-lillin,u 4o,0UU cubic yds. Oi ooc, Laying' and Jniiuing pijtes, llandlinu- and eartaj^e of jjipes in city, ('artaij;e, ;{.7dO tons to pipe line, f" S'J.dO, lOngincerinj,', superintendence, and extras, >^ll'"J,ldd d(l •J,.")(id (Id :id() 00 I4d dd l,.")()d od ;{,(idd 00 7"Jd 00 l,ddd 00 l..")dd dd .■)dd (to 1,000 00 lo.7.")0 00 4,000 00 12,SS0 00 7,4(»0 00 165,190 00 '2\,ryl9 00 §;'J.st),sio 00 The Total estimated cost, bstitutioii of conduits iu wood and brick, as suffffested in •&»^ Route No. 1, would reduce the foregoinf? estimate to 8231,819 00. th gat IR fr( pr. th IS I bi < ilaily. •J4 inch L'illlolis. ill a(l*) .1 lU,(i(«) ,1.1 1(» U(M» r the \nv- loptioii of iiK'h one 5(i..SlO.OO. .<')(!, It HI UO 165,100 00 •Jl,5-J9 00 >;-2:it>,siO 00 iggested in 31,819 00. 40 15V WAV OK LAKi: LAIIMKIJ. This i- a new roiitc ; l»iit its "icncral t-haractn- aniii- veys, and with hii,ddy satist'actt.>ry ifsnits. It coiitcniplati's till' hriiiudng of tht- wal(i'> of Lirh Lomond to Lake I/atinuT, and convertinir this Ixantifnl hody ot* watt, into a high service reservoir, — for which it is adiiiiral)ly adapted, hy the (piality, depth, ami area of its waters, — particnhirs in whiili it gri'iitly excels J^ake Donaldson, as alrca 1 a<, or ^\'>\ rnilliuii i:alloii< In tlif stoni^ri' <'ai)a('ity of the Ludi, ami liriiij.' its waters aliiiiii (»iif mile iitartr tu the ("ity than tlit y arc at prc-ciit, at llitir nuiiiiiial ltv (lam would he alioiit "»()() t'cct, ami its lici^rlit alloVf tlir jtrrsi'lit lied of llir ri Vt r, ahullt 1> I'cct. Its lulllldatioiis woidd l)c ill rock, and an excellent >n|i|ily oC the materials contem- plated ill its coiistriiclioii (.-tune ami earth) can he had in its iniiiio- diate vicinity. An ani|)le and siihstaiitial waste way would he rc(|uired in con- nection \\ith this dam to oive sale and easy exit, not only to the daily run Cndii the Locii, hut also to its hiiiircsl freshets, which are someliiues no less sudden than copious. Suitahle j^ates and ^ate ehaiii- hers will also he re(|uir('vere(l channel, has heen carefully con.-idered. An ojien conduit Would he the cheaper of the two, hut this is the only j)oiiit in its favor. In all other respects it is decidedly ohjeetionahle. So tiir us jiracticahle, every part of a city system of water supply slntuld 1)0 perfect in itself, — heyond the reach of contamination from siir- fuco draiiia^re or iiiterrui)tion from "anchor ice." Open channels arc exposed to hoth dangers, and are therefore discarded, and c(»v- ered uncs reconiniended. The length (jf No. 1 conduit would he ahout 7000 fei't. Its con- teniplated capacity, one million gallons per hour, and its hottom line the r«aine us Lake Donaldson, eh'ven (11) feet hclow the raised .surface of the Mispeck, or that of Loch Lomond. The cstimutes ure ibr u circular conduit in hrick, laid in English cement, with an inside diameter of 4 feet 6 inches, and a fall of about one in lOoO. Should wood, however, he substituted for brick, us suggested in routes 1 and 2, the sectional form will recjuire to be changed. The excavation wouhl be mostly in earth, but some of it would be in rock of a moderately hard and compact character. The aver- age depth of digging for 6200 feet would be about 12 feet, and the balance, of say 800 feet, in tunneling. See profile No. 8. Conduit No. 2. — This conduit is designed to carry the waters of Lake Latimer city-ward us fur us point F, or G, us muy be chosen hereufter for its termination. 61 Sliniild tlic first ii.'iiiu'd point ho fclrctt'd. tlic \vat»r would !»• taken tVoni tlMiicf to uiir prtsi nt inaiii.i on Liltlc Kivn- Ity onr or inon- cast iron |ii|H;.; and should tlif sc<'ond, or |toint (I, in- cliosm, the water earricd l)y tlii> conduit would lie dischariMd into an inln'- ninllntf iTurri'iilr, and drawn iVoni tlicnce Ity cast intn pi|»es. The hi'l named would he the more expensive, hut the hf.'.t arran;.'ement of the two, for reasons that will lie '_'iv»n hen^after. i'^or the tirst luinied, the re<|uire feet of cast iron pipe. The liiiiLdn^f wouhl he wholly in earth, wiih an averaiie depth of I'i feet alonu^ llw line of ai|Ueduct and ahout 7 feet alonhed. A change in the existing hydrostatic pressure may possibly (juieken the inliow, and should this turn out to be the case, the daily yield may be in- creased to a considerable extent, with tiie additional advantage that the water discharged from the springs would have undergone a com- plete process of natural filtration before coming to the lake. As the 52 experiment will not intorf'ere to any nuitorial extent with our gen- eral ])lan>. and may ret»ult in a saving of 881,270.00, it is worthy of a trial, should this route he a70.00, as follows, viz. : Section 1. On the Mispeck — Dam and (iate House: Land damages, 40 acres, (» i^'lOM, >i SOO 00 Clearing and grul)l)ing .W acres, C" .'?.")(i.()0, \J){H) (IO (500 cubic yards nihiile masonry. - 7.()(J, 4,2(K) 00 2,0(J0 cultic yards embanking, ('r 30 cents, MOO 00 Inlet ciiamiel, 1, •")(>»! 00 (late house, gates and gearing, 0,500 0(j Waste-way, oOO 00 12,000 00 Section 2. Mispeck to Lake Latimer — Conduit and Tunnel : Land damages, acres, (" ;>20.00 120 00 Clearing and grubbing (i acres, Oi l?o0.O0, .'{00 00 Excavating in earth, 1S,000 vards, (,i ;50c.. o,400 00 do. ' rock, 1,100 vards, (» $1.50,....., 1,050 00 Brick Conduit, 0,200 feet, (" st5.00, o7,200 00 Tuinieling, 800 yards, (^ .^^30.00, 24,000 00 0S,07O 00 Section 8. Work on Lake Latimer and Conduit No. 2: Land damages, 12 acres, Or $20.00, 240 00 Clearing and gridjbing 12 acres. Or $50.00, Mi) 00 Excavating and re-iilling .'5.'5,000 cubic v'ds, ('» .'50 cents ". 0,900 00 Brick Conduit, 10,500 feet, (" $6.00, G.'M'OO 00 Outlet channel, 2,000 00 Gate houses, gates and gearing, 5,000 00 80,740 00 Carried forward, $102,010 00 r,4 Urowiht J'onmrd, SlCili.OIO ()(( Section 4. liittriiK'diate rcst-rvctir and k^'Jc chambers: Land dainaye, 70 acres, Oi. $10.00 TOO 00 Clearini,' and \ir\\\)W\\\^ \\(\ acres, (» i?oO.OO, l.")00 (lU Reinovin<,f soil and ve^'ctahlc matter li.OOO 00 Dam, l.S,0(IO cubic yds. embankinj,', Oi 2oc., 4.-")00 00 Dam 2,000 culiic yards, imddlin-:, (•' S^l.OO. L'.oOO 00 Rip-rap, 2,000 siinare yards, (i|)e, from intermediate reser- voir to Little Kiver : 1,200 tons ;50 inch pipe, 6' i?:U.OO, 40,S00 00 :i Main stop cocks, " oOQ.OO, I,o00 00 8 Flushinjr " " oO.OO, ir)0 00 8 tons si)ecial castings, " (iO.OO, 4.S0 00 11 tons lead, " 120.00, 1,820 00 12,000 pine wedges, ('' 2 cents, 252 00 Spnii yarn, ct)al and oil, 2oO 00 52 M "luml)er, (" $10.00, .")20 00 8,000 cubic yards excavating and re-fillinij, (5) 3.") cents, '.. 2,800 00 Pipe laving, 1,400 00 Land damage, i) acres, (7», $20.00 180 00 Clearing and grubbing 9 acres, Or $50.00, 450 00 Handling, and cartage ol" pipes in i-itv, *.*(>0 00 Cartage to pipe line, 1,250 terns, (« $1.50. 1,875 00 52,'.)37 00 Engineering, Superintendunce, and extras, 23,123 00 Total estimated cost, $254,;J7OJ>0 By using wood instead of brick in conduits 1 and 2, as shown in diagram No. 2, a saving would be eflccted from the above of about 8o3,400.0(), and by dispensing with the intermediate reser- voir, for the present, a further reduction would follow of about 820,000.00. With these modifications, therefore, the cost by this route would stand about as follows : 1 or; s •r. 'f. '•f.- DC O o 4- to o No. 3. A. With Intermediate Keservoir, and Conduits in brick and English cement, $254,370 00 No 3. 15. With Intermediate Keservoir, and Conduits in wood, arclied brick covering, 220,970 00 No 3. C. Wiihoid intermediate Reservoir, Conduits in wood, and brick covering, 200,970 00 A condensed view of the leading features as to cost, capacity, and water resources of each of the foregoing routes will be had from an inspection of the following tabulated particulars : o o oo o 3 X 7 o x: 'f. '■^ cSi=_'*X'-Xi:- = ;^ •i"i^^=LZ- — i /. ;: 00 >3 00 ro 00 leity, or; 3 'r. o o •5e o >«- o o o o •^ '^ ". ■ 1 1 X •^ ''. - - -t- ~ ■r! < H 14 xz. CO -w ^1 X *£ — TT 3 ttJz iT _2 ^_j; ^ S; " .~ _ K . ' ~ w -I -I ^1 — . O' ~ --0 O' X J- 0-. ri c ~ -I _ _ — ^ o ~ ~ ti ii ci ii b ic o X o "x to CO r o X o o 'I o >, ^ y. ? -5 5! ! ^^ p O > K y. a C K C 5 oG A short study of the forcgoin*^ tiihuhited .stateniont will show the sui)eriority of the Lake Ltitiiner route, in one or other of its luodi- iied forms, to routes 1 and 2. By followinj^ tiiis eourse, with the works outlined, St, John would stand j)re-eininent among the cities of the world for its water supply ; tested by the (juality and quantity ut its eonimand, tlie primary cost and pressure at which it was de- li; i-red, and the ease and economy with whicii future extensions could he made to meet increasing demands. In its intermediate reservoir it wouh' 'ave a storage capacity of H') million gallons to maintain its high pressure supi>ly when No. 2 conduit was shut oti* or emptied to clean or repair ; and in Lake Latimer it would luive a surplus reserve of about ()2.') nnlli/ This in itr^clf would ho an importiint item of ., both of whom Imvo an ?^uro|Kaii as well as Aincricaii reputation for professional al)ility and inteL^'ity of char- acter. J}((f()r(! concludini,^ tliis r<'p()rt. a i'ew <,'encral remarks on tho VALUE OF AN INTKKMKDIATK liKSKIiVOlIi may not he out of i)lac('. One <:reat advantairo that woiiM accrue from a reservoir j)Uic(m1 on i )t No. 10, is tlie assistance it wouM i^ivo when inspections were recjuired or repairs needed on coii(hiit No. '2. With a hirifc body of water i-tored here, this coiuhiit couhl he shut off for two weeks or more at a time, without inten'U])tion to the ordinary hit^h service sui)])ly. I>ut this couhl not he (h)ne if the cumhiit terminated in a y-ate chamber onlv. Witliouf u reservoir, an interruption to the (hiily lh)w in No. 2 conduit wouhl mean, to the _L,M-eater part of the hii>;h service area, a total deprivation of water for a lonjjjer or shorter periixl of time, with all the risks and inconveniencies that this imj)lies. To the household furnished with what is known as "modern conveniencies," this would bean intolerable nuisance ; while to the workshop and factory, a stoppage for a short time even would pnn'e not only an inconvenience, but to su<'h establishmeiits as dej)ended on pipe water for a continuance of their daily operations, a substantial loss in time and money, measured by the j)eriod of suspension. But important as these considerations are, a much stronixer rea- son in its favor is the danger that would be run ivithouf it siiould a fire break out on either of the summit districts while the water was shut oif from No. 2 conduit by choice or otherwise. Viewed in the light of our experience, the consequences that might I'ollow such a contingency are appalling to contemplate, as a fire of a few hours duration might readily sweep away many times the value of the whole extra cost of this reservoir and its several adjuncts. Similar remarks would apply to a single line of pipe from the termination of conduit No. 2, westward, to our present works, with or without an i)iicrmedi(tte reservoir. And as a matter of prudence, it would be preferable to have two connecting mains, of less diame- ter, than trust to one with a capacity equal to the two, — as, did an accident happen to either, the supply would be maintained to some exteut by the other. The substitution of a double line of 24 inch ; tluit in the with Iciieo, iiune- i(l an 80 me inch l)iix' ill phvce of a sini;le lino of .'>() inch, wouhl cost ahdnt •")() per cent, more; hut the increased security aiul convenience that wouhl come of (hi|»li<'atioii, wouhl tlo more than comj)ensate for the ad- ditional outlav th A minor a(lvaiita<;e that would accrue from an intermediate reservoir and duplication of the connectiiiL' mains, is the r.rtni fitiir they would allow to he taken for !ii!s the mains on which it dei)ends for its daily water sui)|)ly ar(> properly du])licated in all their essential parts; and no reasonahle amount of outlay should he allowed to stand in the way of this heing done. CHANGES IIK(^riliKI). To adopt our j)reseiit distrihuting system to /lir/li and /oir service, some imj)ortant changes will he recjuired in the piping of Saint John and INjrtland; hut it is not iieci'ssary to enter into a discussion of tliese at i)resent. Some ti'ouhle may he expected, also, from old and feehle j)ipe> when placed under a heavier pressure; hut as the main and service pipes we have heen using for many years past have heen extra strong, the trouhle in this way -should not he great. Respectfully suhmitted, GILliEUT MriiDOCII, Eng'nieev and Snj)'! Scire nu/e (iikI Waffr Sup})Iij. Kl • N !»<# >lju-itiiu<- .-•lo.iiK Lttli ti-.M ..li'Tin \ r I ^1 • Nf I '^i CONDUIT IN WOOD „1 . :.,^ >.'ii ;7?«T^rT7:TOiy ; ix SCALE, Tfe INCH TO 1 . FOOT, '^'t i>'#WMw •iriMMXWMit.'WM^. n w X. r \ ^ i T \ 1 i u \ \ mmL J ^.^^^j'm'JJJh \\ /y A \_ V.\ ^ HU«r Mttstratrofl REPORT ON A SYSTEM OF HIGH SERVICE WATER SUPPLY ,^ roi'tllO _^ ;- Sf/f)mifM hf/,e ronnrmsmffrr of\Shve/m/e and Wiiter Sr/pph CU i(*f' bJuffineer and tSiipeT'inteiident , December 30*1' 188*2, 10^ WATER SUPPLY 'id Writer Sr/pph6\ J I dent r\.i\ j4 J z' /yy// SEWERAGE & WATER SUPPLY. ^ ■=«*, e^ y" !^ RKi PIREXCE Loi 'h Lomond (Cham ot ImJusJ Lake Donatdsojv ff Doiifflas n liohvilsojf \ ';"ff"'^'^ef ifo L.Lonumft n Lathnt'/' Proposed In twin cdifdeJxesr Lffke LoiHj n Buck LitUe Ihver Uesen oir Water Sniiaro. 7 J .. 55 » 2lOv 30 • Joo .. *V2" H.W..S<.)<>lin, SOOfuL 230 ,. 2,9S.L, 27S n 160 ,.