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Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 a 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 C^_ (^-/X^ r Binder Tmine rfp parmers' Interests &imLminnnJinJuiAnJiJiJT/tJinjmnnnjx;uiJtmmjuiJ^ / /^ y BlHDEt^ TOIINE and FAt^lWEt^S' iHTEt^ESTS. (From Furtnefn Suv, Fihrvury .".) To the Editor of The, Sun. The Sun of the 20th of January I'ontjiiru'd ii letter from C. A. Mallory, in whitih 'lenunciution of " monopoly " tukes the place of u fair statement of the caso of the cordage and binder twine induHtry, and angiy critici«m of public men, who do not agree with Mr. Mallory, is Hubntituted for argument. They are very few who now hold that it is a good thing for a country to have all its eggs in one basket. Farmers do not find a market for their produce among farmers, any more than shoemakers expect to sell their goods to shoemakers. It is the townspeople who consume what the farmer has to sell. The most prosperous agri- cultural districts are not those farthest away from, but those nearest to, large commercial and manufacturing centers. Not only does the town or city give a cash market for the grain and other bulky produce, but for eggs and butter and milk and poultry, and everything that is profitably produced upon the farm, fruit and vegetables, etc. It is in this way that the farmer is directly and largely concerned in the growth and prosperity of the towiiH, and in vvlintovoi- hcljis to hiiild ii{» iiml develop the towriH. The in:in who niakoH corchii:;!! or hinder twine in a United States factory eats no ('aiiadian farm produce. The Dingley hill duties were de.siu,i!ed to Ucoj) Canadian pi-oduco out of the United States, and they (h». The United Staten people appreciate the benefit of manufactures. They have «eon what a variety of industrial establishments can do for a country. They have seen thriving centers of population growing up everywhere in their land. They have seen that where those centers were most numerous wealth was greatest and most widely distributed. There is a social side to the question also. It is not good for man to live alone, or for women and children either. All are brightened by intercourse with their fellows of other pursuits The farmer's family, whose memliers make fi-eijuent visits to the town, whether on business or on pleasure, are brighter, and, as a rule, are cleverer, than those whom distance keeps awaj'. It is good in various ways, thei'efore, for the farmer and his family, that the town should flourish ; and, therefore, the tariff that benefits the town, that causes flourishing towns to grow up throughout the country, is good for the country and for the farmer. The Ministers at Ottawa, when they were brought face to face with the issue, after they had made enquiiios in all parts of Canada, saw that absolute free trade was not likely to be a good thing for the country, and acted accordingly. They left the duties untouched on practically all the products of the farm. They reduced them on many lines of manufactures, but did not abolish them, except in regard to one or two articles, of which binder twine is the most important, as regards the number of factories, the value of plant and the amount of capital invested. Mr. Mallory appeals to the farmers to maintain this state of aflairs ; why, he knows best. Binder twine is a comparatively small item in the average farmer's expenditure. It does not cost 8 the Ml :i him HO much as IiIh clothing, or groeorieH, or coal oil, oi* implo- monts, on all of which thoro ai-o duties, which Mr. Mallory apparently doen not roijarcl as grievous injiiHtices. Vet the abolition of the duty on each or all of thorn would bo as likely to benefit the farmer as the abolition of the duty on binder twine. The bindci- twine and cordage numufacturers have only asked to bo put on the sami^ fbooting as other induHtries — as cotton or woollen mannfacturors, oi- bacon and poi'k |)ackors. They have pointed out that unle.^s they are put on the same footing as other manufacturers they will bo forced to close their mills. Will that bi'uetit the farmer in any way ? It will not bi-ing him cheaper twine. Between tl.c competition of the ditfeient fuctoi-ies and the sale of theontj)iu oft he Toronto Central Prison and Kingston Penitentiary factories, the prices ai'c kept as low in ('anada as they can be anywhere foi- goods of siniilai" quality, and in binder twine quality is of quite as much importance as cost. A delay of an hour or two on harvest day, because of inferior twine, makes the cheap article the dearest in the end. The Canadian factories make twine of good quality, and while they supply the market a good quality is assured. All they ask for is such a duty on the foreign-made article as will warrant them in keeping their machinery in opei'ation- such a duty as is put on cottons, or woollens, or sugar, for the benefit of the whole country. Mr. Mallory, in his letter, speaks of faiinei-s remembering the time when they had to ])ay 18 cents a pound foi- binder twine. The}' can also remember the time when they hal to pjiy 11 and 12 cents a pound foi' sugar. Sugar is not half that price now ; and the same conditions have bi-ought about i\ reduction in the cost of binder twine. Wheat is not the only thing that has gone down in price. The fibre out of which binder twine is made used to cost from 16 to 20 cents a pound. Now it coats from 3^2 to 4>2 cents a pound. The manufacture costs about 2 cents a pound, and the storage and marketing about one-half cent a pound. The twine is sold about 7 cents a pound— a very moderate rate, considering that the manufacturer has to pay cash for the fibre, oil, etc., that ho uses; pays cash to his employes, and then waits from four to six months until the twine is sold and paid for. Tlio CtinndiHii iiiiiimt'iU'tiii'ors i;ivo the lUi'mcrH ^ood twine; tliey ^ive iliem clioiip twiiio. They do not hooU any such duty as will enablo thoin to eliari;e oxoi'hitaiit pricos. Th<\y only want to lio secured in the market they now provide for by a duty that will stop unfair C()m))etilion from the United Slates, into which country the C'anadian factories cannot ship their fj;oods. They only want what the tariff gives to the farmer himself, the home market to compete in. Mr. Mallory's letter advances no reason why their request should be refused. It' the Cordage and Twine-niaUin;^ factories yive employment to a thousand peoj)le in Canada, thei-e area thousand people to supply with all the necessaries ot life. If the factories arocdoscd and tho woi-king people dispersed, there is a loss not only to the towns, but to the farmers around them. Do the farmei's desii-o this? Would their interests be promoted by it ? Would they get cheaper binder twine l)y it? 'The United Stales manufac- tui-ers d(» not sell cheap whei'e the}' control the market. They will control the ('anadian market il Mr. Mallory's arizuments. oi- i-ather attempts at ar;.!,umeiits, shniild prevail. They will not, if the I'easonablf re(iuests of the corda-^e manufactui'ej's, the Farmers' Binder Twine ( V)m|iany beini;- among thenj, have the influence they should. FAIR PLAY. ~X TOWN AND CJOIJN^PRY. Kiotii Thi (l(,::Htr, Montreal, Febiuiu-y Isth, 1«»H. A letlor from tho Furmor'n Sun or) the Hubjoct of biiidor twiiio and farnioi's' interosts, ])rinto(l ol.sevvhcfo, in its ^•onerul ur^u- ment covern more than tho case of the industry, attacks upon which called it forth. Its ]»lea that tho cordage manufacturers should bo put on tho same footing as other manufacturers simply asks for justice, and injustice is involved in refusing it. Tho letter, however, deals with the larger issue of the union of inter, e>ts between country and town and of tlie value to the former of whatever policy tends to tho develoj»ment of the lattoi-. The idea that town and country must be opposed to each other, and that the man who invests his money in a manufacturing enter- prise must be the fiscal enem}- of the man whose capital is his liinn, wras assiduously cultivated lor many years in (-anada. It was practically abandoneil, however, by the i)arty that made most out of it, tho moment its leaders had the responsibility of j)()wer placed upon them. A great deal has been said, in and out of Parliament, of the large growth in tlie j)ork pa(!king industry, that followed the imposition in 1S90 of a stiff pi'Otective duly. Not only did the imports inio Canada of pork, bacon, hams and lard decline, but the exports rapidly expanded from about half a million in annual value to between three and four millions. The quality of the goods was also so much improved that Canadian Bacon now stands in the i'ront rank in the British market, and commands a ready sale when other foreign meats are left in the waiehouses. Ft is quite possible that for a time the increased duty caused the people in the towns and cities in 6 Canada to pay more for thoir hams and bacon ; but in a very hriof timo tho incroiiHOil distribution of niont'y in tho country that tht' onlui'i^tHl Liaiio hrotiji^ht about, rotui'tiin^ to tbo townn and citioH in tho coui'ho of cotniniu'co, nioi'o than rocoinponsod tboni for any tonipoi-ary loss, and tho wijolo cointnunity, town and counti'y, was l)ottoi- otl'. No tnoro forceful oxanipio of what wiso protection can do for an industr}- for which a countiy is suited has boon adduced in all th(* controversies over protection and free trade. 'IMio (,'anadian farmers who raise tho raw material for tho pork ])ackini; trade, tirst gained their own market, then established a foothold in that of (Iroat Britain. When Sir Wilfrid Lauricr's (fovernment came to power it saw that this was ijood, and loft the pork duties, and, indeed, most of tho agricultural product duties, as the r'on.servativcs had made them. Tho pork and bacon industry is one in which the tirst bonotits wont to tho farmer. There aro others in whioh, in tho same wa}'. the tirst advant-iges appai'onily ijo to tho town and city. The whole country benefits from both classes. This has been more than half recoi^nized b}' the framei's of tho present tariff. When it is fully recognized, and tho I'ocognition acted on, the country will bo bolter assured of permanent trade pros- perity. ft very oil II try townn potisod , town r what try is Lection raw I' own ritain. it Haw lOHt of made ) first n the ti and iH liaH rewont acted proH-