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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Cc document est film* au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmed her* has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Entomology RttMrch Library Agricuitura Canada L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grice A la gAnArositA de: Bibiioth^a da rachareha antomologiqua Agricuitura Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the originel copy and in Iceeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the bacit cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmfo en commengant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — a^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole Y signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmds A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichd, 11 est film* A partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'imeges ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. UNITED STATKS GBOLOG I ST.IN-C U ARGB. VOLUME XIII. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. J. InTom6Lcg!CaL t^RANcW • DEPARTMENT OF AlGRIGULTURK OTTAWA - - e-MHAQA 1 1 UNITKI) STATES OEOLOOIOAL SURVEY OP THE TERRITORIES. rn THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. ENTOMOLCGICAL BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OTTAWA - - CANADA 7-f6 NOTE. Department op the Interior, United Statk.s Geological Sttrvby. Wanhhinton, D. C, May 16, 1890. On the 27th of September, 1882, at the request of Dr. F. V. Hayden, the completion of the publiciitionH of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, formerly under his charge, was committed to the charge of the Director of the Geological Survey by the following order from the lionorable the Secretary of the Interior : Department of the Interior, Washington, September 27, 1882. Maj. .1. W. Powell, Director U S. Geological Survey : Sir: The letter of Prof F. V. Hayden, dated June 27, bearing your indorsement of July 20, relating to the ui;publi8hed reports of the survey formerly under his charf^e, is herewith returned. You will ])\ease take charge of the publications referred to in the same, in accordance with the suggestions nuide by Professor Hayden. It is the desire of this office that these volumes shall be completed and published as early as practicable. Very re8i)ectfully, H. M. Teller, Secretary. Of the publications thus placed in charge of the Director of the United States Geological Survey the accompanying volume is the third to be issued, the preceding being " The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West," by Edward D. Cope, and "Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories," by Leo Lesquereux. J. W. Powell, * Director. mmmm CONTENTS. Letter of trniMmlttal ? ■ liitrcNiiiotloii I.oi-nlltivii wlinro Terllitry liiHuctH linvebueii loiiiiil in Aiiiorion. Myrinpoila AriiobnidoH Aciiriiin ArnnxlileH Nenroptorn. II ;.. 13 17 43 , 46 W 48 l»l M 103 117 E|iliunifrii1ii< 118 Oiloimtii ia4 Plniiipuiiiiiik 146 Triohoptorii 176 Ortlioptorn 801 KiirfloiilariiD 803 HIattnrlir 2ir. PhaHmidii S19 Aorldil 880 Th.VNiiniiru . Teriiiitiua.. rNnuinn . . . . LociiHtariiit 387 Gryllides 334 Honilptern 838 Coooldii) 841 AphidoH 348 I'HyllidiB 375 Fiilgoriiia 878 JaHsidoii :i03 Ceroopidu^ 315 Corixidm ;M3 Notonectidat 346 (inlgulldm 347 Voliluin 348 Hydrnbatidiii 350 Kediiviidm 354 Tingididio 357 Acantbiidii) 360 361 Citpsidiu , PbyHnpodeH 371 LygaeidiB 374 Coroidiu 411 Poutatomidtu 435 8 Coleuptera AuthribidiD Soolytido) Curoulionldiu ... OtiorbyuchidiD . RhynchitidiD Rbipiphoridw... TenebrionidiB . . . BrucIiidiD ChrysoinelidiB . . . Scarabmidie Ptiuidui Bnprestidio ElateridiK ByrrbidtB Nitidolidie Cryptopbagidiv , Citenjidte ErotylidiK Stapbyliuidiu ... Hydropbilidie... Dytittcidii- CarabidiD Diptora CONTENTS. Lnnchi«id:i> Ortalidtc Scioiuyzidif .. HelorayzidiK Antbomyidio Miiscidiu Tacbinidiv I'latypezidie CoDopidiu SyrphidiP noliehopodidiB Cyrtidii" Asilidiit Stratiomyidie Trpiilidii' ChironnniidiB Culicid:<' BibionidiH Mycotopbilidu) Cucidouiy idiB LepidopUira Tini^idiB Hympiioptcra Teiitbr«dinidu^ ChalcididiK Bracoiiidiu Icbiioiimouidii- Mymiicidii* Formicidii- 8pbr|;id{i- SyHttiniatic lUt of xpflcJeM with their diHtribiitioii, mid cmnpuriHon witli othnr spucius, liviuj; and fowil Phitcs Index Pnge. 465 4(ir> 468 471 475 481 482 483 484 4H5 487 4»1 493 406 499 499 501 fiOl r>02 503 510 517 517 539 539 540 , 547 548 551 554 555 557 562 563 563 566 568 578 582 583 586 (WO 04 605 ti08 615 616 6«) &>l 06r> 72:1 ILLUSTRATIONS. Map of Tertiary lake basin at Florissant, Colorado ^^ *. ^***" Plate I. Insects from bone caves mid intorglacial clays -V." .'"."".'."".'."."." ° '*^'*j^fj II, III. Insects from the Tertiary deposits of British Columbia !..!..."!." 669-672 IV. Insects from miscellaneous Tertiary deposits, includiug one species from the Lar- amie formation V-X. InsectsfromtheTertiarydepositsof Green River, Wyoming!!'..! 675-686 XI. Araclmida from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant, Colorado ^j XII-XV. Neuroptera fi-om the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 6'»-696 XVI, XVir. Orthoptern from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 697 700 XVni-XXVIII. Hemiptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 701 799 Figs. 1-3. Planocephalas aselloidea fz '"" •.•......,... s>5 » »ai i .i».. L^ ' iM ^ A ;.» ft .J^.L ERRATA If! Pago l."i, eleventh line from bottom, /or specimen read indiviilnal. Page SJH, line eighteen, for itpecimeuH rcorf NpecieH. Page 71, nuder Aranea coIiimbiHt, for PI. 11 read PI. 'i. Page aoa. The two itarngrupbs ininifiliatt-ly preceding Korticulariii' belong on i)age WU, inin.i-diately preceding Labidnromma. Page 203, line three, for <'rickct read crickets. Page 203, before Labidnroniuia, inHcrt the two paragraph.s on page 202, ininiedialely preceding Forfi- ciilariie. Page 225, line one, /or interHpaces read interupace; line two, iiiterl that before above. Page 244, in table, /or 3. Oeranchuni read 3. Gerancon; for 13. Amalanchum read 13 Anialancon; for 15. Ancouotiis read 15. Auconatut. Page 245, under C. ubseuH. the third line ihoald read: Fore wing nearly three times im King aa broad. First 'jblique vein nearly ntraight, etc. Pago 248, in three headings, /or Ocranchon read Geiaucon. Page 241), in heading, /or Oeraiicbon read Oeraocon. P»g9 2.'i6, line twenty, before parts insert except at base. Page 31(), lines 5 and 6, for possibly luminiferous read highly decorated. Page 343, line 4, for in the to-day read to-day in the. Page 3t)2, line 20, for referred read referable. Page 446, line 15, and in several places on succeudiu;; pages, for puuctiu read puncta. Page 610, lines 13 and 14, for abdomen read thorax. 10 ii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Geological Survey, Division of Fossil Insects, Cambridge, March 14, 1890. Sik: It is a source of groat regret to me tlhat the volume herewith trans- mitted could not have beeti published during Dr. Hayden's life. It con- tains the first fruits of an undertaking inspired by him and encouraged by his aid. The extent of the task he intrusted to me more than a dozen years ago has been, with the interference of other duties, the occasion of the delay in its execution. The material has grown beyond all expectation, far beyond anything that could have been anticipated. As originally planned, when the Florissant beds were first carefully exploited, the fossil insects other than those from Florissant were first to be disposed of, and the latter were then to be taken up by orders. The plates were accordingly executed (before the completion of the text) with that plan in view, and the first ten plates herewith transmitted contain very nearly all the extra-Florissant insects known ten years ago. Since then their number has perhaps doubled. The succeeding plates contain the lower orders of Florissant arthropods, ending with the Hemiptera. The text has been made to conform in large measure to the same plan, except that the insects of different localities and of different horizons have been arranged in one systematic series. Descriptions of a considerable number of species have been introduced for completeness' sake which are not figured, but of every one of these drawings have been finished and will be given in some future publication. The early portion of the text was written many years ago — the Arachnida and Termitina in 1881, most of the Odonata in 1882, the Ephemeridae and Planipennia in 1883, and the Trichoptera and Orthoptera in 1884; and, as the general remarks prefixed to each group were written on the completion of the study of that group, and would now have to be modified in some slight particulars, I have tiiought best to let these remarks remain as written, and to append at the 11 ■ 12 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. end of each general paragraph the date of writing. To rewrite the whole would unnecessarily delay the appearance of the work, and the dates will explain otlierwise unaccountable, though generally very slight, omissions of later material. The new portions of the Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were mostly written a year ago, and during the past year the Hemiptera, much the most extensive group in the volume, have been elaborated. In the four later orders the general remarks and summaries attached to the genera, families, etc., of the earlier groups are omitted, because these orders will form the subject of future separate consideration, and the basis for generaliza- tion will then be greatly increased; the representation of these orders in the present volume is very meager, including next to no species froju Florissant. The publication of this volume will give the first opportunity for any good comparisons between the long known Tertiary insects of Europe and those of any other country; .so far as the lower orders of insects are con- cerned — the only ones here at all fully elaborated — tiiey show that the ma- terial already gathered within the last two decades in America is at least as rich as that of the well gleaned fields of Ktirope. The present volume con- tains descriptions of 1 species of Mjriapoda, 34 of Arachnida, 6G of Neu- roptera, 30 of Orthoptera, 2(56 of Hemiptera, 112 of Coleoptera, 79 of Dip- tera, 1 of Lepidoptera, and 23 of Hymenoptera, in all 612 species. For the lower orders, that is, those here fully treated, these numbers are already slightly in excess of those obtained from the European Tertiaries, if ilie rich amber fauna of the Baltic is excluded; for the corresponding numbers for the European species from the rocks would be approximately as follows : Myriapoda, 1 ; Arachnida, 24 (recently, however, nearly doubled); Neu- roptera, Ptd; Orthoptera, 36; and Hemiptera, 218; a total of 338 species against 31(7 for the American rocks. There is no doubt that this excess would be found even greater in the higher orders by the material already many years in hand ; and the extent of the insect-bearing rocks of the West, which as yet have been touched only here and there, is so immeas- urably greater than that of similar European strata that only the lack of students in this field of American paleontology can prevent our deposits from assuming a commanding position in the world. Very respectfully, yours, SiAlUEL H. SCUDDER. Hon. J. W. Powell, Director U. S. Geological Survei/, Washinffton, D. C. THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. By Samuel H. Souddeb. INTRODUCTION. That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to Hve, so to speak, hut a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. "So fragile," says Quinet', " so eusy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time ; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense! Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth ? When the mountains thems(3lves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them ? Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutive- ness, its nothingness." The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been detrcnstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not in- significant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past ; • £. l. .Siirv. Torr., vol. ti, IHtjl, pp. -JTS), Boq.). 17 VOL XHI- 18 TKIM'IAUY INSKCrrS OK NORTH AMKIUOA. smTninidiiifj rc^^ioii, To tlio HotithouHt Ih Pike'R Peak ; to tlio west South I'lU'k iiiui tlio catloi) of tliu South I'hitte, Hhowii ))y u Hhioii ; to tho cxtrciiK* Hoiith tho tweeu the hills, giving it a varied and tortuous outline: although only about \Ct\ kilometers long and very muTOw, its margin must have ui('asun'(l over 70 kihuneters in extent. Still greater variety was gained by steep promonlories, 20 meters or more in height, which pro- jected abruptly into the lake from either side, nearly dividing it into a chain of three or four une(|ual and very irregular open po\(^ the surface. Tho ancient outlet of the whoh^ .system was probably at the southern extremity; at h'iist tlit; marks of the lake deposits reach within a few meters of the ridge uhicli mow separates the watersofthe IMatte and Arkansas; the nature of the l»Msin itsell', and the much more rapi a southerly or south- I Till' .^liiillowiirss v('d into a brook wliich followtnl tiiu dtu'por part of its fornHU' floor, and tlio waters of tli(» ro<(ion have since emptied into tlio I'iatto and not tlio Arkansas, passinjy in tiioir course between Topaa IJutte and (Jastello's iMountain. The promontories projectiiifj into the lake on either side are formed of trachyte or other voUianic lavas, apparently occurrinj,' in fissures directly athwart tlie {^eneral course of the northwestern or upper series of lakes, and masses of tlie same occur at many different points aloncts are entombed, are wholl}' composed of volcanic sand and ash; !'» meters or more thick they lie, in alternating hners of coarser and finer material. About half of this, now lying beneath the general surface of the ground, consists of heavily- bedded drab shales, with a conchoidal fracture, and is totally destitute of fossils. The upp(n' half I s been eroded and carried away, leaving, how- ever, the fragmentary remains of this great ash deposit clinging to the bor- ders of the basin and surrounding the islands; a uiore convenient arrange- 'Tlieir riulo fortiticiilions still crown tlio Niiniiiiit. 20 THllTIAKY INHHCTB OF NORTH AMKUICA. i1 : inont fur tho proHeiit uxplurur could not hiivo boon doviHod. That tlio mouitu of tho voh'unii; iiHhuH iniiHt havu boeu cIomu at hand huciiih almnihiiitly proved by tliu ditlbruuco in tho depositH ut tho oxtronio oiids ot' th « !i»ko an will bo shown in tho HoctiouH to bo yivon. Not oidy docs tho tliickiiosH of tho bods ditVor at tho two points, but it is diiKoult to brini^' thoni into any- thin^r boyond tho most gonoral conuordanco. Thoro aro still othor proof's of disturbanro. Around ono of tho <,'ranitic islands in tlio southorii lako basin tho shalos niontionod woro cappod l)y from ono and a half to two and a half motors of sodimontary matt^rial, roaohin;>' noarly to tho crown of the hill, tho lowest bed of which, a little more tlian three decimeters thick, formed a rej^ular horizontal stratmn of small vol- canic pebbles and sand (A and H of Dr. Wadswctrth's note, further on), while the part above is much coarser, resemblin}^ a breccia, and is very un- evenly bedded, pitchinjf at every possible angle, seamed, joint(>d, and weather-worn, curved and twisted, and inclosiii"' pockets of fine laminated shales, also of volcanic ash, in which a few fossils are found (0 of Dr. Wads- worth's note"). Those beds cap tho series of rej^fular and evenly stratified shales (D of tho same note), and aro perhaps synchronous with tho disturb- aiica which tilted and oniptieil the basin. Tho uppermost evenly bedded shales then lonned the hard floor (»f the lake, and these contorted beds the softer, but hardening, and therefore more or loss tenacious, deposits on that floor. The excavation of tho filled-up basin we must presume to be due to the ordinary ageniiies of atmospheric erosion. The islai.d s in the lower lake take now as then the form of tho granitic nucleus; nearly all are long and narrow, but their trend is in every direction Ijoth acro.ss and along the val- ley in which they rest, (jfi-eat masses of tho shales still adhere e(pially on every side to tho rocks against which they were deposited, proving that time aloiu 1(1 no rude agency has degraded the ancient floor of the lake. i'lie shali's in the .southern basin dip to tho north or northwest at an angle of about two degrees, and according to the contours of the llayden Survey, the southern end of the ancient lake is now elevated nearly two hinidrcd and fifty meters above tlu; extreme northwestern point. The greater part of this present slope of the lako border will be found in the southern half, wlxin* it can not fail to at once strike the observant eye, tho .soufliernninst margin close to the siinnnit of tlu^ divide being nearly two hundred meters higher than the margin ne.Nt the hill by the forks of the road. li H^ TIIK FFiOIUaSANT I.AKK IJASIN. 21 Our oxniniiiatioii of tlio dopoHitM of tli'iH IiictiHtrine hnnin wan priiicipnily nuulo ill II Miiiiill liill, from which porhiipn tho InrgcHt number of foHHiUhavo hoon taken, lying jii«t south of tho hoiiHo of Mr. Adam Hill, now owned by Mr. Thompson, and upon Iuh ranch. I/iko the other ancient iMetH of tluH upland lak(>, it now forms a mesa or flat-topped hill about ten or a dozen nii'tcrs high, purhapH a hundred meters long and twonty-tivo broad. Around its (Mistcrn base are some of tho famous petrified trees— huge, upright trunks, standiiig as thoy ginnv, which aro reported to have been five or six meters high at the advent of tho present residents of tho region. Piecemeal they have b('(Mi destroyed by van(hvl tourists, until now not one of thom rises more than a motor above tho surface of tho ground, and many of them are entirely leveled; but their huge size is attested by tho relics, tho largest of wliic.h can bo soen to have been three or four meters in dian;otor. These gigantic trees appear to be Sequoias, as far as can bo told from thin sections of the wood submitted to Dr. Georgo \j. Goodale. As is well known, re- mains of more than one species of Sequoia have been found in tho shales at their base. At the opposite sloping end of this mesa ft trench -was dug from top to bottom to determine tho character of tho different layers, and tho section exposed was carefully measured and studied. In the work of digging this trench we received the very ready and welcome assistance of our com- panion, Mr. F. C. Howditch, and of Mr. Hill. From what information wo could gain about the wells in this neigh- borhood and from a shaft sunk obliquely in the side of a hill near the northwestern extremity, it would appear that tho present bod of the ancient Florissant lake is entirely similar in composition for at least ten meters below the surface, consisting of heavily bedded non-foasiliferous shales, having a conchoidal fracture. Above these basal deposits, on the slope of tho hill, we found the following series, from above downward, commencing with tho evenly bedded strata : SECTION IN SOT'THERN LAKE. (fly S. n. Sciiitder and A. I.akeii.) CentiiiiPliT^. 1. Finely laniiimlod, uveiily lieildoil, light-gray Hbalo; plants and insects scarco and poorly proscrvpd 3. 'i 2. LiKlit-lii'own, soft and plialdo, line-drained sandstone; nnfossiliferons !> 3. Coarser, rerrnjrinoiis sandstone; nnt'ossiliferons • 3.8 4. Kexflnililin^ No. 1 : leaves and insect remains 21 6. H.ird, compact, urayisli-lilaolt slialo, lireakinj; with a conchoidal fracture, seamed in tho middle with a narrow strip of ilrah shale; fragments of plants 28 ^BP 22 TKRTIAKV INSKCI'S OF NOK'TH AMKMOA. ti. Kerr II j;i lions sliiilo ; iiiifosNililVmiiH 1,5 T, K<^Heiiil>liii){ Nil. r>, lint liavinj; iin I'uncliiiidiil fr.ii'tnn-; Nt)>inH of pl.tiiLs, insoclN, anil a small liivahi' niolliisk 9 8. Very lini^ K''",v ocliri'iiiis sliiiU<; iiiin-foNsilirciiins 0. r> !•. Drab MJiali's. imerlainiiuti'il with lint'ly illvitliiil |ia|irr shales dl' li);lit-;;ra,v culor; steiiiH ut' plan I.-, iirils, ami insects Ifi 10, Crnii'liliiiK I'eliii'iiiis sliale; leaves itlMiniliint<, inseutH ruro "..'"i 11. Drab shales; no lussils .^ 7.5 IJ. Coarse. reiru;;iuons samlstiine; nii t'ossils ;{. 8 Kl. Very !iaril drab shales, ha\ in); a ciinehoiilal trait iire aiiil lilleil with noilnles; nufossilif- eroiis t')3 H. I'inely lainiiiuted yellowish i>r ilrab shales leavi-s and frajrineiUs of ]dautH, with » few ins.'els 30 ir.. Hi. 17. 18. lit. •-'II ai a:i 24. •Hi. a7. Alleriiatiiij; layersordarker and lij;hli'r;;rav and liniwii t'errajjinoiissaiidstdno; ni) fossils.. 10 Diali shales; leaves, scimN, and other parts ol' [ilants, with in .eels, all in alinndauce .... til KerriiKinons, iiiiroiis, sandy shales; no fossils ,''1.7 Dark Hi'',v and yellow shales ; leaves and otiier part.s of plants !l Interstraiilii'd shales, resenililin;; 17 and 1"* ; leaves andi;ther parts of plants, with insects. . 17. "^ Thiikly bedded ehoeolatecolomd shales; no fossils "II I'orons yellow shale, inlersliatilie 1 with seams of very thin dral) eolored shales; pliiits .. 7. .1 Heavily bedde.l ilioroi ale eolored shales; no fossils ;10 Tliinly beilded diab shales; perteet leaves, with perfeet and iinperfeet frafjiuentsof plants, and a few broken insects Thinly bedded li;;lit drab shahs, weathering very light ; without fossils Tliiek bedded drab shales, bre.ikinj; with a eonehoidal fracture; aUu destitnluof fossilu.. Coarse arenaecons shale ; iinfossiliferons Gray sandstone, eontainingdeeoinposiug fraginiMits of some whito iiiinural, perhaps ealcitu ; no tossils 20 20 IH 9 178 28 Coarse, ferrngiuons, friable sandstone, with I'oniietioiis of a softer material ; fragments of stems [lerliaps.. 00 29. Thinly bedded dnib shales, liaviii;;; a eonehoidal fracture, HOinuwhat lignitic, with frag- ments of rools, etc 2i> ;U). Oark-ehoeolate shale.s, containing yellowish concretions; tilled w'lh steim and roots of plants . '-'.'> Total thickness of evenly bedded .shales (" D," of Dr. Wadsworth's note) above (loor depositH iMeters). ti.tltiH Tlu; 1h'(1 which lia.s hct-ii most wnrkcil for insects iiiid Iciives, iintl in wliidi thev iirc uiii|Ucstioiial)Iy tlic most abiiiiiljiiir and ItesI picsi-i-vcil, is tht? thick bed, NO 1(1, lyii^' lialt'-wjiy up the hill,;iiiil luiiiposcil of riipidly alternating^ hods of Viirioiislv coh>red th-ub shales. ISelow this, insects were plentiful onlv ill Xo. IJ), and above it in Nos. 7 and !•; in other Iteds thev nccurred only rarehor in fraiiineiits IMaiits were always iibnndant wliere insects wore found, but alsi» oceiii'i'ed in many strata where insects were either not discovered. -lu-li as Nos IS aiid'Jl in the lower half iiiid Xo. fi in the iip])er half, or were rare, as in Xos, 1(> ami 14 abtixt; the middle and Xo. 2'.'> below; the cii;trser lii^iiites occurred iinlv near (lie base. riio thickest unfii>siliferous beds, Xos. "Jd ami 27, were iilniost iiiiiforin III character throu;ilii)ut, and did not readily split into laminte. indicating .-111 enormous shower of ashes or a mud flow ;it the time of their deposition: their character was similar to that of the Hoor beds of the basin. TllK FliOKlSSANT LAKK 15AS1N. 23 These beds of shale vary in color from yellow to dark brown. Above them all lay, as already stated, from fifteen to twenty -live decimeters of coarser, more granulated sediments, all but the lower bed broken up and greatly contorted. These reached almost to the summit of the mesa, whicii was strewn with granitic gravel and a few pebbles of lava. Specimens of these upper irregular beds, and also of the underlying shales, were submitted to Dr. M. E. Wadsworth, of Cambridge, Massachu- setts, now of Houghton, Michigan, who caused thin sections to be made from them and ha.s furnished the following account of their microscopical structure : TUFA FROM FLORISSANT. The method ami scheme of classification cuiployctl here is that briefly sketched in the liiiUetiii of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (vol. 5, pp. 275-287). I»y this system only do we tliink that the inclosed fragments could be named, for they contain so few crystals that in most cases the base is the jtrincipal tiling upon which the decision must rest. A.— TllK l-INKlt DKPOSIT .Tl'ST AHOVK TIIK SIIAI.KS. A medium-grained gray tufa, containing crystals and fragments of feldspar, augite, etc., cemented by a line earthy groundmass. In the thin section it is seen to be an epitome of the volcanic rocks of tlie Cordil- leras. The groundmass holds fragments of basalt, an.lesite, trachyte, and riiyolite, with detached minerals derived from them. The basaltic fragments have in part a dense globulitic base porphyritically hold- ing ledge formed plagiocli.'se crystals and a few augite jiiantdes. Some of the basalt is .— TiiiiEK si'i;( r-MKN's or iiii; iNsi( i'siiai.ks. These are brownish anly the finer material of the tufas laid down in lamina' of varying thickness and coarsen.'ss. One is very till 111 V bedded. ii' This volcanic mateiial liasevideiilly been workeil over by water, but the conditions can of course best be told in the Held. So far. however, as wr- can Judge by inicro- scojiic examination, when the water conimcnccd its work tiie material was in Ioo.st> nncoiisolidatcd deposits. That it was thrown out as an ash, m' latlu'r 7 1:1 4H U !•,' .'» 17 ii.'.'r> 3 0.^5 0.5 99.04 101.0 It will be seen that in all the orders that are well represented the pro- portion (tf specimens of each is very dilfereiit, with tlie sole exception of the Ilemiptera, while the same groups (Ortlioptera, Aiacliiiida, and Lepi- doptera) are feebly represented in both. The greatest dillerence occurs in the Diptera, which are less than 7 per cent, of tlie whole at Oeningen and about .'{() per cent, at Floris.sant; in the Ilymenoptcra, which have less than 11 per cent, at Oeningen and 10 per cent at I'iorissiint, due largely to the TIIK KLOHISSANT LAKK BASIN. 27 ))rotligiou8 number of ants; while the cuho is reversed in Coleoptera, which form nearly one-half the specimens found at Oeningen and only 13 per cent, at Florissant. We possess no count of the specimens found at Rado- hoj, in Croatia, which is regrettable, since the fauna of Florissant a])pears to agree nuich better with it than with any other in one or two points, such as the comparatively minor part played by the Coleoptera and the great ninnberof ants; these latter number fifty-seven species in Radoboj, and five hundred specimens have been found of one of them. Still the comparison can not be carried very closely into other departments; for instance, only one rhynchophorous coleopteron has been reported from Radoboj, while they are very numerous and rich in species at Florissant, and local causes must have had much to do with the fauna of each of these locialities. It is hardly worth while to institute any in(piiries into the proportion of the groups rejjrescnted at Florissant and in amber, since the nature of the entombment is entirely different. Since so far as the Florissant insects are concerned only the lower orders are reported upon in the present volume, it niay be worth while to present a rapid sketch of the higher orders, to complete in however impor- tcct a way the partial view of the Florissant insect fauna which the volume affords. About three-fifths of the Coleoptera belong to the normal series and two-fifths to the rhynchophorous division. Tliere are eighty to ninety spec- imens of Carabidje, including, perhaps, twenty -five species; many of them are ver\' fine and perfect, especially in the sculi)turing of the elytra. Water- beetles are not so numerous as would \)e anticipated; indeed, there arc very few specimens, witli perhaps half a dozen species; there are no large species such as occur abundantly at Oeningen; the largest of our species, perhaps an Ilydrophilus, not exceeding twelve millimeters in length. The Staphy- linid.'c are rather more numerous than the ground-beetles, with over thirty species, some of them toleraljl}' large. There are half a dozen species of Xitidhlida'. Some sixty or more Scaraba'ida'; show considerable variety, thei-e being neai-ly thirty species among them. Nearly as many liuprestidiu have quite as great variety of form; a considerable number of them are large and nearly all fairly preserved, some remarkably perfect; one s]KH'ies, Chry- sobothris haydeni, has been described. Flaterida; an* more al)undaut, num- bering more than one hundred species, many of them in beautiful coudi- 28 TERTIARY IN8KCTS OP NORTH AMERICA. I il tion J they .ire abundant in species, over forty having' been separated, and are niosily of a medium, none of a hwge, size. Considerably over one hundred specimens are to be referred to the Meloida*, Mordellichv, and Mala- codennata, but the specimens do not appear to be very well preserved, although about forty species may be distinguished. The Cerambycida; are very beautiful, furnishing thirty or more specimens, representing more than half as many species ; one fine species of a new extinct genus, Parolamia rudis, has already l)een described, and there are others equally fine. There are a d.izen or more species of Bruohid.T, one of which, Spennophag\is vivi- ficatus, has been published. Chryscmielidre are not uncommon ; thus far 1 have recognized about two dozen species among the sixty or eighty speci- mens; one, Oryatoscirtetes protogicus, belong* r.g to a new genus, lias already been published. Nearly twenty species of Tenebrionida^ have been separated, rarely represented by more than a single specimen each, and there are also a few (from two to ten species each) of Silphida', llisterida'. Derniestidie, Ptinida", and Coccinellida', and a single species each of Cleridu' and Telephoridic, the latter already described under the nameof Chauliog- nathus pristinus. Two specimens of Ithynchophora, Anthonomus defossus and Hurhinus occultus, have been described ; I have already mentioned file predominance of this type in opposition to the European Tcrtiaries; the species are very numerous, nearly one hundred and twent}' having been sepaiated, with over five hundred sj)ecimens, and amon >• them are a goodly njiniber of large and fine species; but some of the minutest are most admi- rably preserved ; especially is this true of the sculpturing of the tiiorax and elytra; no attempt, however, has yet been made to do more than rudely separate the species, so that no details can now bo given. Nearly a third of all the specimens I have seen from Florissant belong to the Diptera. Culicid;e and Cliiroiiomidjc are abinidaiit, but not gener- ally very i)erfect. Tipulidai are abundant anrl admirably preserved; of the larger ft»rms alone tlwre ap|)ear to be several hinidred specin\ens, and apparently a considerable numljer of species ; tiie smaller Tipidida', including the Linuiobina, are also al)un(laMt and well preserveelonging to this family, and on a cursory view there appears to be no great variety ; probably both here and in the ants, as in some gen- ! I THE FLOKISSANT LAKE 1JA8IN. 20 em of plants, it will appear that there are vast numbers of a single species -, a great 'luiny specimens are represented by bodies only, or these accom- panied by insignificant fragments of wings, but even putting all these aside thc'o remain a goodly number with tolerably perfect wings, and some in which almost every part of the body is preserved ; taken as a whole, how- ever, they are perhaps less perfect than specimens of almost any other fam- ily. There are a dozen or more Stratiomyidje, of two or three species, and several species of I\Iidasidii' or Hirmoneurida?, one admirable specimen of the latter family having been described as belonging to a new genus under the name of Palembohis Horigerus. There are nearly half a hundred Asi- lida3 and Therevidte, many of them exquisitely preserved, some of great size, and among them a fair variety of forms. Bombylidai .are somewhat less abundant, but show some superb specimens of great size and in won- derful preservation; there are certainly six or eight species. Syrphidoe are more abundant than the last, neai'ly fifty specimens iiaving been found in which tlie patterns of the abdominal colors are generally well marked, and among which wo find a considerable variety; they have been studied '-y one very fannliar with that group. Dr. S. W. Williston, and the results of his examinations are given in hln Synopsis of the North American SyrphidiT3 (pi). 281-283), published by the U. S. National Museum. There is a vast host of iluscidii' and allied groups, of which no account has yet been taken, and with wliidi no doubt many other forms are still commingled, but three or four species of very pretty Ortalidai may be mentioned with ten or a dozen si)ecimens, and there are a large number of Empidae. A few Lepidoptera occur. The butterflies, seven in number, have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the present Geological Survey. They all represent distinct and extinct genera. Six of the seven belong to the Nymphalidii', the seventh to the Fieriuic. Of the Nymplialidic all but one are Vanessidi. The e?:ception is of special interest, since it belongs to the Libythoina^ the family of living butterflies the most meager in numbers, thougli found in every (piarter of the globe. To be able to add that still an eightli butterfly, found since the others were described, belongs to a second extinct genus of Libytheinu- (which I have called liarbarothea) is certainly marvelous. Besides these 1 have set aside about a dozen speci- mens of perhaps eight species of moths, but they are obscure, mostly of small size, perhaps Pyralidai or Tortricidic, and, excepting one described in 30 TKKTIAKY INHECTS Ol' NORTH AMKltlCA. this work, lm\me I'onerida'. I have noticed no Mutillidje. Ichneu- uionid.e are very numerous; of minuter forms, having an expanse of wing of less than a centimeter, there are nearly two hundred specimens, unusually well preserved; judging from a (!ur.sory examination they are exceedingly numerous in species, jx-rhaps eighty all told, and many genera are repre- sented; the larger forms, whose wings expand more than a centimeter, are even more numerous both in species and individuals, and most of them are very Hno, including a great variety, among which are especially noticeable a good assortment of species of Pimpla and allied genera ; 1 have htoked in vain for I'elecinus, or any long-tailed Uliyssa- or Thalessa'. The Hra- (•oiiiriil jjfoiiora, bosidos a single spocics of Urocerifbi!. Aiiiiiuil roinaina Itosides thoao of in.s(>ctrt are rare at FIorisHant. Tbo most iiljiiiiilaiit is a apedos of thin-Hljcllod Planorbls, which is not uncoiii- inon, iiiid ahvfiys occurs in a more or loss crushed condition; it is the only niollusk yet found there (exceptin}:^ a I'hysa or allied form and a single small spe» iinen of a bivalve, referred to above in the section from the south- (!rn lake), and acconlin}^ to Dr. C A. White is probably undoscribed, al- though very siuiilar to a species found in the Green Uiver shales, differing from it principally in its smaller size. Fishes rank next in niunbers. Kight species have been found, belong- ing t(t four genera. Of Amiithe we have Amia scutata and A. dictyocephala ; of Cyi)rinodonts, Trichophanes foliaruui and T. copei; of Catostomida^ Ainyzon pandatum, A. connnune. and A. fusifonne; and of Silurida*, Rhin- eastes pectinatus. All the species have been described by Cope, excepting T. copei, which was published by Osborn, Scott, and Speir. Several bird's feathers have been found in these beds, and a single tol- erably perfect passerine bird, with bones pud feathers, has been described by Mr. .1. A. Allen under the luime of Pahi'ospiza bella, and admirably illustrated l)y HIake. No other figure of a Florissant animal has yet been published, liesides these, (Jope has described a j)lover, Charedinus sliep- pardianus, ami writes that a finch is also found in these beds. The plants, tiiough less abundant than the insects, are exceedingly numerous, several thousand specimens having been studied by the late Mr. Leo Lescpiereiix. AI)out one hundred and sixty species have been described or indicated, of which the apetalous plants show the larger number, sixty- eight species; the next most abuiulant group is the polypetalous division, forty species, the gamopetalous having twenty-five, the Ooniferas eight, and the lower plants nineteen species. Among tlui ex(»genous plants the following polypetalous families are rep- resented : the Malvaceu' l)y a rare species of Slerculia, besides some flowers with long st.'inens, which are referred, d( ubtfully, to the genus Bombax. Of Tiliacea-, .i species of Tilia has been f;Mind. Of Rutaceje, one species of Ailanthus and one of Xanthoxylon. \o less than ten species of Rhus rep- resent the Anacardiacea^ and two species each of Paliurus and Rhamnus the Rhamnacea'. The ( !ela. Tlio Hora lias a largo nundn'r of Lcginninosa', (Oovcn spocioH occurring, (»f oiglit gonora, CytisuH, Dal- bcrgia, OrciH, I'odogoniuni, Cassia, Loguniinosites, Aca«'ia and Miinositcs; Lt's(|UL'reiix fornu'rly rcforrod Homo of tlicni to Wobinia and Coliitoa. Tlio Rosacea' show an Aniygoaius, leaves of K(»sa, and a sp(>cies of Spira'H, with very Hnoly preserved heaves of an Anielancliier, scarcely distinguish- able from sonjc of the varieties of the living species. Nunn^rous leaves of Weinniaiuiia of tiuce species re|)reseiit the Saxifragacea', and, finally, a species of Aralia and another of lledera, tlie Araliactta-. Among the gamopetalons plants the Ericacea' are represented i)y what is probably V^iccinium reticulatum Al. IJr., together with a species of An- dromeda; no less than six species of Ilex represent the A(|uifoliacea'; two of Diospyros, and oiu' each of Muinelia and Macreightia, the 8apotac(sv: a species of .Myrsine, so common in the Kuropean Tertiaries, but in our coun- try represented only by this single leaf, the Myrsinea'. Ccmvolvulacea' show two specit's of I'orana, and the Apocynacea' a single species of Apo- cynophyllinn.' Oleacea- hav^ a flowering branch of Olea and eight species of Fraxinus, one regarded as identical with a European Tertiary plant. The apetalons angiosperms show a great variety of forms at Florissant, and among them many are referred to species from foreign Tortiaries. A species of Manksia and seven of Lomatia represijiit the l'roteacoa>; a species of Pimelia the Thyinelacea' ; one of Santalum the Santalaceiv. Urticaceic are the most luimerous of all plants; four species of Ulmus occur, one found also in the European Tertiarie.s; another formerly thought to be iden- tical with a second European species but now regarded as distiiu't, and two t>thers, one of them found also in western Colorado; of Celtis there is one species, whose loaves have a close af!inity to the existing C. occidentalis and its Texan variety : two species of Ficus are identical witii European species: but the mass of specimens — nearly or quite one-half of all that have been brought from this locality — represent species of I'laiiera; two species oidy occur, one;, identical with a European form; the other known oidy from Flo- rissant and the White IJiver, and in the former very variable; Les(juereu.\ ' III tlic ti-xl 111" IjJH liiNt rt'imrl l.(«i|ui'r"iix relors tlilH to Alkali, Wjoiniiig, lull in his lal)I" to Klorin Mtllt. THE FI.OUI88ANT LAKK BAHIN. 88 hRH 8(*on lit loiiHt two tlioiiHHiid HpociiiuMis. 'I'liu Jii^liiiuliKU'ii* iiro repre- Hciiti'd \>y HJii^le Hpuc.iiiiLMis (if l't(M'onii-y)i iiiiu'i'iouiii and Ju^liins tliui'iiiiiliH, ImHidoH two otlicr wpecioH otMii^'liiiif*, one of tlioiii Miiropciin, tliri't) of ( Jiiryu, all Kui'opcan, aiidoiK! Ktij^t'lliardtia, also Kiin>p«'tiii. Thu (!iipiilifi>ia-Hliow oim HpiM'it's uacli of Ostrya and Castaiu-a, tlirco (»f Cai'piiiUH, ouo of them Kui'opeaii, and Huveu of (^utinniH, of which live are Kuropcan sperins. 'I'ho Myricaixw are the next most ahunchmttype after i'lanera, \mutr represented by no less than fit'teen specieH of Myriea, of wliictli six are Knropean. Of Hetulacea' two speeieH of Detnia oeeiir and two of Alinis, one of tlie latter Enropean. Salicaeea' are toleraldy ahnndant; there are fonr species of I'opnius, all now re^jardod as Knropean, thoufrh licsipiereux first looked on them as new; and two pecnliar species of Salix, hesiiU^s four identical with Knropean species. Kinally, there an* ohm or two nndetenonH. The pre.sence of the last-named jfenus is als(» well attested "l)y their cones and by the remains of tlorii u ;r(itu'nil iiKpt'cf which recalls tlint «>f tho vo^t'tatinn of u|)Iiiii(Ih or vnllcyH of moiintiiiiirt." I'ahiis an* ahimst ciitinOy iihstMit, only a siii;;l(' spcciiiH'ii of oiu) species of Salial lui\ iii;j oeem red, with 11 fruit of I'almocarpoii. "The leaves of some species are extreiiieK mimer- otis, none of tlieni crninph'il, t'oMed, or rolled, as if driven l)y currents, lint Hat, as if thuy had been embedded in the muddy surface of the bottom wlu^n falliurin;i-," led Mr liCSipiereaux to l»elieve that, the deposition of the ve;;-eta- ble inaterial.s took place in thu spring time, and that thu lake j,mid»ially driud during Hunmier. To this wo may add that the ocpurrciico of Acorus, of Typha, and espe- cially of Potamogeton, leads to thu conclusion that thu wat«'r of thu lake was fresh, and not saline or i)ra{dvish, e(pially proved by thu fish, acc«>rdiiig to Cope, and by thu prusuncu of larvic «>f Odouata and other insects whose earlier stages are passed only in fresh water Neither thu groups of lishes which have lu-eii founil, nor thu water-plants, nor thu water-insects, nor thu mollusks exclude .Mr. Les(piereux'^ sugges- tion of thu annual drying of tlu* body of the lake: moreover, certain thin layers are found overlying coarser deposits, which are sun-cracked through and through. Hut, on the other hand, the thickness of the paper shales, upon which mc:ition of the mat«'rials in an iinruHled lake through l(»ng periixls, interrupted at intervals i)y the influx of new lava-Hows or thu burying of the bott(»m sediments beneath heavy showers of V(di'aiiic ashe.s. The testimony of the few tishes to the climate of thu time is not unlike thatof the plant.s, suggesting a climate. Prof K. I), ('ope infiMins me, like that at present found in latitude; 3.")^ in the; riiited States; while the in.sects, t'roni which, when they are completelv studied, we may certainly draw more definite conclusions, ap]iear from their general ensendde to prove the same I { TIIK I'l.omSSANT LAKI-; IIAHIN. 86 or II Moiih'wlmt wiiniuT «'liiimt(t. Il'wt' iiM|iiir() wlnit t«'Htiiii()ii\ tlic lowur orders (il FlonHHuiit iiimM-fH Itciir to tlut cliiiiutc of timt diMtrirt in 'I'ertiury tiiiu'n, there is only oixt niiswer to Ito jfivuii: the present tlistrihiiMon of their iillioK certiiiiily points to u w — ii ••linmte whieli may, perhaps, host ho coinpared to the niiddht zonci of our Sonthern Statcfs. 'V\w jxnown liviii}^ sp«'cies of tiie |;eneiii to which thcty h(don<;- ant in ^^cneral cnnlitiMl to rcf^ions lil\e (Jeor;^ia in this country and the t\vi» sjiores of tho .Modit(trranean in Knro|»e, or oven more southern districts. Further remarks on t'.UH point will he found in tlu) hody of tho volume. As noted ahove, tiie supe/ahundance (»f specimens of sinjrlo species of plants (I'lanera and Myrica) is repeated in the insects, where certain Hpo- cies of Korniicir with the flora of Flko, Nevada, the (ireen Itiver beds being placed directly beneatli them. Ill lliiydeii's report for 1876 ho refers the Florissant deposits lo the u|)per Miocene. In his review of Saporta's Monde des IMantes,' while still considering this Hora as Miocene, he jioints out certain important relations whit'li it b(!ars to the flora of Aix, in IVoveiicc, then considered as Eocene. ' Ainer. .loiir. Sci., Her. ;t, vol. IT, ISTD, ji. -iTJ, ■Ill i 36 TERTIARY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMKHICA. Hut later, after a iMore caivt'ul revision, ilrawu from more cNteiuleil sources, lie writes that while, l)y the presence of many ' to Saporta, includes types related to those of the whole extent of the Tertiaries from tlu* upj)ei' (Cretaceous to the Olifjfocene and above, 1 should rather refer this group to the lower Mio- cene or Ollgocem*." iioth Les(|uereux and Cope agree in placing the Florissant beds at the same horizon as those of lOlko, Nevada, ami also those directly altove the Fish-cut beds at Green River, Wyoming. Les(|uereux has identical species alsi> from White River, Colorado, among specimens conumniicated by Mr. Denton. Cope calls the Florissant and Klko deposits the Amyzon beds, from the prevalence of that type of fish, and n^fers them to the "later FiOceno or early ^^iocene." Mr. (^larence King places the (Jreeii River deposits in the middle Focene, but considers the Klko deposits of the same age. We mav therefore provisionnlly conclude, from the evidence aH'orded by the plants and vertebrates, that the Florissant beds belong in or near the Oli- gocene. At })resent no geological conclusions ciin he drawn from what is known of the insects. 80 far as specific and generic dcrcrMiiiiatioMs has proceeded, scarcely anvthing identical has been found in the (Incn b'ivcrand Floris- sant beds, but some rcmiirkalde alHnities luive licen miticed. 'To attempt, however, to draw any conclusion as to the age of either of these deposits, atid especially of tiiat of Flori.ssant, before a cl<»ser examination is made would be folly. Almctst the entire series of fossil insects from the beds of Aix, Oeningen, and Radidioj recpiires a careful generic revision, and until this is done it will ])e difHcult to make nuich use of the inf'()rmati(»n given us in the works of European atithors. This should not be considered as reflecting upon the character of these works, for it must be remembered that they were nearly all completed thirty years ago and could not be expected to meet present demands. It i.s, indeed, pr(d>able that the richer .Vmerican fields, the exploitation of which has onlv just begun, mav yet be found the best basis for the study of the relationship of the Tertiary insect fj aujias o f Eur ope. White ///vrr.— Fossil insects were first d iscovered on the lower White River ni western ('olorado and eastt rn I'tah by Mr. William Dunton during \k OTUEU TKUTIAUY INSEOT LOCALITIES. 37 his passiigo down the river on horseback in ISGf), and his brief and cursory account of the {^eoloiiical structure of the region is, I believe, the first and only one until the parties of the Ilayden Survey entered the region ten or more years later. IJrief reports of the geological and topographical character of the country were made by Drs. C. A. White and F. M. Endlich, and Messrs. G. Ji. Chittenden and G. K. Bechler. None of these, however, obtained any insects, excei)ting Dr. White, who in a single locality found a few poor specimens; On a visit to the place in tiie summer of 1889, how- ever, I was able to rediscover the beds in which they were found by Mr. Denton east of the Colorado- Utah line, and to greatly extend the .stations at which they could be found. In the two localities on the lower White River where Denton found fossil insects, "Chagrin Valley" and "Fossil Cafion," as he called them the general toi)ographi('al features were the same, bluffs or buttes of a thousand or more feet in thickness being composed of eveidy bedded stnitiiied deposits. '•Chagrin Valley " nuist be identified with the valley of l)(niglas Creek, though it was not iiere but five or si.x miles lower down the Wliite River that Denton really obtained his fos^Ms, at a point where, to one traveling westward. Green River beds first appear in mass and are readily accessible, probably in the immediate vicinity of Canon Butte, where the old Indian trail on the south side of theriver cuts off u sharp bend and i)asses directly over nuiny favorable outcrops. It was in fact at pre- ci.selv this i)liice that I obtained from the rocks collections aj^reein"* most ••I o P^ clo.sely in general appearance and character with tiiose secured by Denton This locality is in Colorado a few miles east of the Utah boundary. His other locality is representtMl by him to be fifty or si.x ty miles farther down the river, l)ut still at scnne distance from its mouth. The distance is no doubt exaggerated, and the locality on the north side of the river, certainly in Utah, nt>t improbably near the mouth of Red Hlufl" Wash. I made no ■search for this place. It may in brief be said that the Green River beds in the bluffs on each side of the White liiver Cafion near the boundary line between Utah ami Colorado, but especially on the northerii side, are filled for over a thousand feet with insect remains; the highest and the lowest bed:; respectively yielded me the best results, but hardly a level could be fouiul where patient search did not reveal some relics, though perhaps of no value; the more l)rolific beds v ere oftentimes simply crammed with remains, frequently in i Ii 38 TKBTlAJtY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMERICA. an exfjiiisite state of preservation. Vegetsible remains, excejtting' of a very fragmentary natui'o, wore rare, and most of the insects, like (hose obtained by Denton, of a small size; excepting', indeed, dipterous larva-, which were found in quite incredible numbers, square rods of stone near the liigher levels being- absolutely covered with them in nniltitudes of places. 'i'he insects obtained by ^Ir. Denton and Dr. White atthe.se localities are all included in the present volume, but no reference is made to those found by myself in 1881). The age of the deposit can hardh- be said to be as yet determined, but the leaves found by Mr. Denton (presumably at "Fossil Canon") were regarded by Mr. Lescjuereux as more certaiidy syn<'hronous with those of Floris.sant than with those of the Green Kiver beds, and in any event all tinee are of very nearly the same age. Grcni Ilircr, Wiioiu'ukj. — All the insects described in this volume from Green Hiver were obtained at a single spot, next what is known as the Fish- Cut, where the railway cuts through the rocks, about three or four kilome- ters west of the crossing of Green Iliver. Kven here they have been found only within the conq)a.ss of one or two square meters of ground, and by repeated visits this "pocket" has now been entirely chipped away. There is no doubt that other etpially prolific pockets will be found in the .same innnediate vicinity, especially in the more favoral)le ex|)osures east of the river, as one such was found during the sunnner of 1S8!I. It is by no means improbable that the beds at this locality and tho.se at White Kiver may prove to belong to the floor of one and the same Tertiary lake to which Kinjif (jave the name of Gosiute Lake. About one hundred and fiftv different insects have Ix'cn fonml here, besides many others not vet described. They are most connnonly ('oleo|)tera, this order being represented by fully one-third of the species Ilcmiptera and I)i|)tera come next with almost e(pial representation, or al»out twenty-thrcje per cent each. Next come the Ilyunioptera with eight per cent. The other ordcM's are about e(pially and meagerlv represented, th»; Lepidoptera not at all. Fossil. Wjidiii'mii. — A few species of in.sects have been found in the binft's f'a/'ing tin; t<»wn of Fossil at the head of Twin ( !r('ek. a tril)utarv of Hear River, l)lnfis which ai'e {'anions for the iunnense numlier of fossil fish they have furnished. .Vs a rule the inscjcts are scarce, and, like the fisji, behnig to a very liiniteil nnnil»er of species, in this case mostl\- C'oleoptera and Diptera. In the present work only two or tlcee are menti(»ned. OTHER TKKTIAKY INSECT LOCALITIES. 39 Horse Creel; Wi/ominf/. — At a point three miles south of this creek, which empties into the Green River from the west near its source, and about two miles west of Green River, a thin, hard hiyer of white limestone was found by Dr. A. C. Peale covered with petrified larval cases of caddis- flies, which are described below under the name of Indusia calculosa. Qiir.sncl, British Columbia. — The discovery of the different localities for fossil inaect.s in British Columbia by the Geological Survey of Canada has been due entirely to the investigations of Dr. George M. Dawson. On the left bank of the Fraser River, at the town of Quesnel, he discovered a series of clays, sands, and graveis, their upturned edges covered by the valley deposits, in one of which series (a stratum of fire-clay eight or nine inches thick) insects and plants were found, the beds being exposed on the river bank at a low stage of the water. Nearly twenty species of plants were met with, mostly of apetalous families in the neighborhood of the Cupuli- fera?, such as the beech, walnut, oak, birch, and poplar, and a considerable number of insects. Such of these as are included in the present report con- sist of twenty-five species, nearly all Hymenoptera and Diptera, and espe- cially the latter, and, what is very unusual, only a single beetle. Sir Will- iam Dawson, who determined the plants, regarded them as to a great extent identical with those from the Miocene of Alaska, but adds: " Whether the age of these beds is Miocene or somewhat older ma}-, how- ever, admit of doubt." Apart from an uncharacteristic egg-cocoon of a spider, none of the insect renrains can be regarded as identical with any found elsewhere. Nicola, Xorth Similkaiiieen, ami Nine Mile Creek, British Coliimhia. — The other localities at which reniains of insects have been found, though in smaller numbers, lie at no great distance apart to the south of Quesnel and south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near our own border. One of these localities is upon the Nicola River, two miles above its junction with the Coldwater, at the base of a series of beds containing coal. Another is on the North Fork of the Similkameen River, three miles from its mouth; the bods hero, on the bank of the river, "include a layer of lignite about a foot thick, which rests in black, rather earthy, carbonaceous clays, antl is overlain by fifteen feet or more of very thinly bedded almost paper-like yel- low gray siliceous shales," which contain plants and insects. The third is on Nine Mile Creek, flowing into Wlupsaw Creek, a tributary of the Similka- 40 TKKTIAin' INSECTS OF NORTD AMERICA, nieen, where a sinnll section of liurd liuniiiiited days occurs with hvyers of softer arenaceous clay. Seven sj)ecies were obtained from the first named locahty, tive from the second, and four from the tliird. 'I'he Nicohi locality is remarkable for yielding;: only (^oleoptc^ra; from Nine Mile ('reek come three species of Coleoptcia and one of llemiptera; while the Similkameen locality, like Quesnel, aH'ords us Hynienoptera, Diptera, and llemiptera — threes sp.'cies of the last — but no Coleoptera. There can ))e no doubt, Dr. Dawson informs me, "that the specimens from the Nctrth Similkameen and Nine .Mile ("reek represent deposits in different portions of a sinyle lake. A silicifyiny spring, probaljl}' thernnil, mu.st, however, have entered the lake near the first-named i)lace, as evidenced by the character of some of the beds, in which fragments of jdants, with a few fresh-water shells, have been preserved." The insects of each locality are specifically distinct from those of any of the others As to their age. Dr. Daw.son, the only geologist who has studied tliem, remarks that we shall "probably err little in contimiing to call the 1\;rtiary deposits of the interior as a whole Miocene, and in correllating them witli the beds attributed to the same period to the south- ward in the basin Ivmg east of the Sierra Nevada." Scaiboro, Ontario. — In the vicinity of Toronto, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, Mr. George. I. Ilinde has discovered vegetable and animal remains in thin seams in day beds which he regards as interglacial, lying as they do upon a inorainal till of a special character and overlain by till of another and (piite distiiu't kind, llis account of the locality and the reasons for his conclusions liav(i Ix-cn given by him in full.' Among the material found bv him was a consideraI)l(> number of the elytra and other |»arts of beetles, an asseml)lage indeed larger than has ever before bec^n foinul in such a deposit in any part of the world, and they are mostly in e.xcdlent condi- tion. Twenty-nine sj)ecies have been obtained, some of them in consider- able numbers. Five families and fifteen genera are represented; they are largely (Jarabida-, there being >.i.\ or seven .species each of IMatvnus atul Ptei'ostichus and species also of Patrobu.s, liembidium, Loricera, and Elajdi- rus. The ne.\t family in importance is the Staphylinida', of which there are five genera, (Jeodromicns, Arpedium, Hlediu.s, 0.\3'porus, and Lathro- bium, each with a single species. The Ilydrophilida- are repre;'lo spofimon is so tVa^jini'iitiuy that it can only l)o rcfcircd to Iiihis ill a l)roa(l yeiicrif, .sense. The piece is coinpo.seil of ten or twelve se^riiu'iits, i)rol)ahIv from near the middle of the body. Iviii"- in a straiiilit line and crushed, with no trace of any appenda;^es. The sejfments appear to he compo.sed of a short aiit'jrior and a larjjer posterior division, each indejiendenfly and very slij^litly archetl ; the posterior division is about twice as long as the anterior, and each is transversely, regularly, and very finely striate, paralhd to the anterior and posterior margins of the segments. The foramina can be detectcnl on some of the segments, and by their aid the width of the Itody can be inon^ accurately determined. As criisjied, the body is 2. .'J'"'" broad, but its probable true width is IJj""", while the .segments are each about 0.8'"'" long; the fragment pre- served measures S.5 """ long. (Jreeii liiver, Wyoming, one specimen, No. 1.54, V. 0. A. Richardson. The object represtMited on IM. TJ, Fig. 1, was at one time thought to be a mvriapod and accordingly iigmed, but examination provt'd if to be the broken section of the cone of Se(juoia, not uncommonl}' found at Florissant. \\\ ARAC HIST IDES Lutieille. Up to the presont writing, a littlo more tlum two liuiidred and Hfty specios of Aracliiiidi's have been dcHcribed as I'ouiid in Tertiary deposits. ( )t' tiiese about one hiuuh'ed and ninety are true spiders, wiiile tiie remainder are in').stly Acarina (thirty-seven species), Opiliones (eleven species), or Ciier- neti(hv (nine species). All but a single species, Aranea Columbia', descril)ed below, are from Kuropean beds, and nine-tenths of them are preserved to us in the Eocene amber. Were this means of restoring the ancient Tertiary fauiuv unknown tt> us, our information at the ])resent day woidd be based upon twenty-four species, altliough in addition to these half a dozen nu)re are indicated by simple reference to genera or families. This number is already exceeded by those described below from a single localit}', Florissant alone having yielded more than thirty species. Whether we examine the Ameri- can or European species preserved in stratified deposits we find . u almost total absence of any but true spiders or Araneides; in each (inchuling the one herewith figured) a single species of Acarinahas been described, though a number of others are credited without descri})tion to Eiu'opean strata. In Prussian amber, on the coi.trary, though Araneides are vastly in the majority, the other groups of Araclmides form 27 |)er cent of the entire luimber of species, distributed mainly in the three groups mentioned above. This greater proportion of true Araneides in Tertiary deposits, a pro- portion exaggerated at the present day. can scarcely be well com{)ared to what we find in the older deposits, from the extreme paucity of their remains in the latter. Brodie has found only a single s|)ecies (whicii ho considers a true araneid) in the secondary strata of England, and the European Jura has furnished nierely half a dozen arachnids (nominal species, perhaps reducible to four), of which only a single one is referable to the Araneides, llasseltides, considered one of the Agalenides by Wevenbergh. In the paleozoic formations, again, a dozen species are known, all but three of which have been considered scorpions, Phrynida' or (^hernetl(la>, or else placed in their vicinity, while one of the other three has not been placed 4!> I I: '- 46 TKKTIAKY INSKrTS OK NOKTII AMKItlOA. by its (loscrihcr niuoiii^ tlu' ti'ii(i,s|ii(lcrs, liiit iiiIiikmI Aillii(»ly<'(isa only f'n»m its sonu'wliiit iiiiirkcd uriiiicitl IciitiirL's. Tlic iciiiiiiiiiii;;' two nrc cnii- sidtTiul l>y tlioir (It'scrilu-rs iis trim arimcidcs jiihI scciii to hv tlic <»iily tnu* prtHMirsdi's ot' this ^ri'oup known to us iVoni tlic piilco/.oic rocks; tliu propor tioii tlu'i'ct'ori! of tlut Aniiicidcs to otliiT Armliiiidcs is ruvcirscd ln'twuoiv i'alco/oio and Cuno/oir times. In tlio prcst'Ut volinncf wo are alile to more than doul)h> th(t nnnihcr of Ar.ichnidcs (apart from tlu> amltcr inciosurcs) which arc hitlicrto known from Tertiary strata, and, as we sliall see further on, find some interesting points of eomnarison between the Kiiropeaii and Amoriean soicU'r fauna of J ;}rt iarv times. '1' Hp (Kel )riiarv IHHl.) Since tho iil)ovi) was written the iiiimher of known Paleozoic Arach- nides has'enera. (Octo- ber, l-SSit.) In the classification of the remains of these* animals, from th<* almost complete absence of such characteristic parts as the details of the structure of the ocelli and palpi, it has been impossilde to do much more than to indi- cate the pn»l)able atlinities of tlu' species to liviii<; types i»y means of the ;reneral resendilances which the lorm of tlut cephalothorax and ubdonu'U and the relative leuyth of the leys furnish. In a few instances these; can hardly fail to fin'nish us with sniliciently clear evidence, whilt* in others the reference is plainly open to a "greater or less decree of doubt, which it is hoped future material will e\«'ntually extiniruish. C) ivl. r AC A I { I N A :N itzscl 1. Acariiia are by no means rare in Tertiary deposits, the ffroup bein;,'' better represented than any other Araclmides exceptinjr the true spiders, and it is ipiite in keep*:i.) IXODES Latreille. No fossil species hav«( before been referred to this genus or anywhere near it. The nearest is Acarns, which is only distantly related, l)elonginy indeed to a distinct subfamily. The species of Ixodes, like otiier ticks, bury themselves in the Hesh of animals to suck their blood. (November, 1^81.) Ixodes tertiarius. PI. G, Fig. 12. Ixodes tertiarius Scuddur, ZittuI, Ilaiidb. d. Paliuout., I, li, 73;i, Fi);. 906 (1S8&). Although there are few definite salient points in the structure of the single specimen known, its general appearance and its size make it tiderably evident that it belongs to the Ixodidte or Uiciin and probably to Ixodes proper. The body is of a very regular ol)ovato form, twice as long as broad, with a .slight indication of a frontal shield of a triangular shape (not represented in the plate and perhaps illusor}), formed by two sulcations meeting at right angles and terminating just witliin the front pair of legs on either side. The ro.struin is not preserved, but the right palpus (j)oorly given on the plate) is slender and 0.2""" long, or rather projects beyond the body to that amount. Nearly all the legs are present, but the hinder legs of the left side have been crowded out of place and appear on the right side below thos(f which properh' belong there» and whidi ai)parently are the upper four there seen. The legs are ai)j)arently complete, except the termimil appendages, as they all taper rather rapidly at the end, after the manner of ticks; they are stout, short, and of similar length, extending beyond the body by al)ont the width of the latter. Length of body, ,"..'')"""; breadth .»f sanu;, 1.7.5""". Fish-Cut, Green liiver, Wyoming. Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 258. 48 TKKTIAKY IN8I'X;T8 OF NORTH AMIOKICA. Oi'd.'i- AUAN I^:il)l<:S I.nlrt.illc. As Nftit««r |mrt of llut losHil Arac)iiii*lcH kiiowti iir*> true s|)i(l('rs, ulxuit oiio hiiiHlruil iiiid ninety HpecieH liiiviii;^ lit*"ii (U>Hcril)era(la', none; L;iteri;,'ra(la' (all trne Tlioniisides), threes Territelaria', none; 'rnl)i- telaria' ( A;,'aleniileH, one; Dnissitli's, live; Dysderides, two) — ei;;lit ; Ketittf- lariii' (all Theridides), I'oiu'; Orhitelaria' (all Kpeirides), I'onrteen— thirty- two. My this it apitears that nearly halfari* Kpeirides, and il at after these the l>rassides are best repn'scnted. A eoinparison of this result with the fossil spiders of Kuntpo is shown liy the followinj,' tahle, in which the per- t'enta^i'es of the groups represontcMl uro compared in each country with tlio total reprosentation in each : I'lrreiltiiiifii of firoiipn of Tnlinrij npiilem in A'kio/m (iiiif in . I mcricu . I'l'i'ccntiini'. Furnpo. Aiiiorini. SnttiKrniliK I.ntiTlKriKlii Tiiliili'lariM' l.'clllrliiiiir Oi'liiti'lurlii' s ■• 1*; ',» :it! 24 •v»lt 1-2 H II This shows that America is far the richer in ( Jrhitelaria-, and Europe much better represented in Ketitelarur, less liut still consideraldy better in liaterij^nada' and Tubitelariie, while the Sulti',''rad;c have an almost equiv- alent repr(;sentation in the two countries. If, however, we eliminate fr«»m the incpiiry the species entond)ed in amber, and compare only those recoverecl from the rocks in which they have l)een preserved, we shall reach perhaps a moic just c(nnparis(m. althou'rh the data will be far more nieajjer, America with its thirty-two species bciii;r actuallv better represented than Knrope with its twenty-two species, ;dl bclonj^iii^' to the same live larj^er ffroups which are represented in America. I AI{A<;ilNII>KS-AltANi:il>KH. 49 I'trceHlityei u/vroN^ i^f nrtiarn iplitim in Kurope anil Amfrlva, ejvlmltHU Ihnnn/ouHil in umber. BiiliorilcrN. Iiiiti'i'i)(riitlii> Tiililti'larlii' Kt'tlri'luiiin . OrliitulurJu). P«i'ouiilaK«. Kiirii|)i<. America, U.5 80 . u:i W4 11 1'.' 14 44 1)8. fi W The oxooHrt of proportion in xVinoiicu of Orltitolarijo iH hero nearly as f^reat uh is hIiowm in tlio fornior tablo, but is not ho appears tluit only those groups which are represented abundantly in amber (aiul all of them) are also represented to some extent in the American fauna and (excepting, as before, the Dysder- ides) in the European rocks. Excepti<»n should perhaps be nuide for the "luropean amber genus Archa'a, the position of which in the T.aterigradfc is uncertain, and of whicii Thoroll says: "This genus may perhaps for the present best be taken as the type of a separate family'* of liaterigradiv (European spiders, p. 2.">2). Six species are known, and lliey are classed above as uncertain. The relation brouyht out in this table is certainlv striking, but it should l»e noticed at the sanu^ time that the Dra.ssides and Thi'vidides, and especially the latter, are enormously re|»reseiited in the Hal- tic amber, and in coniparisdii willi them (though not by any means to the same extent in comparisoi. with the other groups) feebly represented in the stratified depo.sits of Europe ajid America. We nuiy venture one fiuther inv( stigation, although little weight can be given to it from the meag(nness of the data, viz, a compari.son of the per- centage of reprc.ientation of the ditl'erent larger groups in the different horizons of Tertiary times in r^urope with that of Florissant, where all the American species so far known have been found Percenlaye of groupii of "ertinry mndert of Ftoritiiatil, Colnrado, Fonipare4 with tho<>e of Europt, SiilxirderH, Salti«nMl:i' L.iliTit;riichi' Tiiliitiil;.'.!' R.'titrliilin- I Orbitelariaj Aiiilicr anil Holt ; OiMiiiij;''" ; KIori.HHunt. Aix; 1,1^11- I'iiiti (')lij;o. Ai|iiilaiiiaii ( l.liwrr Tortoiiian (l?|l|>IT Cl'Ill'). MiiH't'iie). Mi(ii'fiit-). 9 9 Hi i:j :«) '.'4 :t7 ..-. :to 1-J 1 'if* :t7 ao 44 1 8 ur. 10 1 IW 98 UK) too 1 As this fable shows so great a difference between the percentage of n-presentation in ilie Oligoccme and Lcwer Mioccin' of Europe that it can .M-arcely prove vcrv instructive, it still si-t-nis to indicate a greater difference betwe.-n tlu' Florissant dt'pi'-ifs and tlmse of Oeningeii than between the ARACUNIDES— AKANKIDES. 51 former and either of the others ; and althouirh the proportionate numbers of Tiibiteluriiu and Orbitehirijc of Fk>rissant and especially of the formcn* <>ronp are more nearly like those of Rott, the representation of tiie j^ronps in o^eneral ailias Florissant on the whole with the Olijjocene rather than with the Lower Miocene of Europe. Of extinct j^enera there have-certainly been proposed a very large nuni- l)er for the P]in'opean Araneidic, more than half the genera to whicli the species have been referred having been described as new and peculiar to Tertiary times; these genera include about two-Hfths of the species. Among the genera are some remarkable forms, such as Arclueaand Mizalia, eachot which is considered by Thorell and others as representing a distinct faniilj'.' Two only of the thirteen genera to which the American species are referred are described as new, and to them are referred sev'en of the thirty-two species. Other g(inera, not before recognized in a fossil state, but here recorded from American strata, are Titanieca, Tetragnatha, and Nephila. To enter into details, seventy-one genera of Araneidju have been described from the Tertiaries, sixty-six from Europe, and thirteen (below) from America, eight being common to both. Of these seventy-one genera tliirty- sev(^n are accounted axtinct, thirty-five from P]urope, aiul two from America, none of these being found in both countries. The European genera are, as may be suppostid, largely con^posed of amber species, no less than fifty- two, including thirty-two extini t genera, being confined to and)er deposits, besides others which they possess in common ith the stratified beds. If it be asked what indications the fossil spiders of Florissant give as to the climate of that district in Tertiary times, there is but one answer which can be given- that the present distribution of their allies certainly points to a considerably Wiirmer climate than now, a climate which may perhaps best be compartfd to the middle zone of our Southern Stat(^s. The known living species of the genera to which they belong are in general credited io regions like Georgiii in this country and the two shores of the Mediterranenn in Europe ; but our own s|)ecies are .so little known that nothing can be saiil very definitely upon their innnediate rchition.ship with exotic or indigenous torni.s. The preseiu'e of s,H'cies of Theridium, I iuyphia, Tethneus, and Kpeira, including tw(t-fifths of the species, has no sixjciid significance, but Thomisus, iSegestria, Clubiona, Anypluena, and Titano?, aTTco). The three species here referred to the Attoidae seem to belong to a dis- tinct genus allied to Gorgopis of the Prussian amber, in that the posterior eyes are placed far behind the others, but differing markedly from that, as from all members of the family, so far as I kriow, in two points: (I) The exterior eyes of the first row are placed a little in advance of the median pair of the same row, and (2), more particularly, they are as large as or scarcely smaller than these median eyes. The anterior row, therefore, is formed of four very large, nearly equal and nearly equidistant eyes, arranged in a gentle curve opening forward; the eyes of the second row, so far as known, are minute and situated within and behind and in close proximity to the median eyes of the anterior row, while those of the third row, so far as known, are of medium size, placed at a greater or Iciis dis- tance apart in the middle of the ceplialothorax. as in the American genus Phidippus and the amber Gorgopis. The American genus Phidippus is confined to the warmer parts of the continent and to a large extent to the tropics, so that the presence of this somewliat allied genus indicates, so for as such analogy indicates anything, a warmer climate in early times for Florissant. Tahle nf the upecies of Parattus. Ceplialothorax and abdomen well rounded, with convex sides 1. p. remrreetim. Cephalothorax qnadrafe, with nearly straight sides. Small species; ceplialothorax less than twice as longas broad ; abdomen quadrate. .2. P.evocalus. Large species ; cephalothorax more than twice as long as broad ; abdomen round ...3. P. latitatus. 1. Parattus eesurrkctus. PI. 11, Fig. 26 ( 9 ?), Cephalothorax broad oval, subquadrate, the sides gently convex, the two ends broadly rounded; front regularly semicircular; the two middle eyes of the anterior row very hirge, circular, situated just behind the front edge; the lateral eyes of the same row nearly or quite as large, circular. 54 TiiRTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKIUCA. I .i forming with these a very slightly curved row, opening forwards, of equi- distant eyes. Eyes of second row from one-eightii to one-tenth the size of those of the first row, situated behind and within the middle anterior pair, so that lines drawn through the middle of the large and small ones would meet in a right angle behind the small ones and leave them distant from each other by about their own diameter; the outer edge of either of the small ones is behind the inner edge of one of the large ones ; the eyes of the third row are not discernible on either of the specimens, and on one the lateral eyes, on the other the eyes of the second row, can not be seen. Palpi of the male with the tip very large, conchiform, as if made of three wiiorls, the middle twice as large as the other two together and sub- globose, the terminal small and globular. Only one palpus is exposed, but the other may partially be seen through the cepiialothorax. Abdomen short ovate, somewhat larger than the cejjhalothoriix, being somewhat longer and slightly broader, subacuminate at tip, with a pair of short styles darkest in a broad mediodorsal band. Legs moderatelv lonjj and slender, subequal. not greatly ta))ering, furnished tlu-oughout and rather abundantly with generally alternate, divergent, long, and tapering spines, fully as long as the width of the joint from which they rise. Length of body, 4.S5"""; cepiialothorax, 2"""; abdomen, 2.85"""; width of cepiialothorax, !.(]"""; abdomen, L7"""; longer axis of middle section of palpal swelling, 0.8"""; length of wliole swelling, 1.4,")"""; length of first pair of legs, 5.5"""; second pair, .').5"'"'; third pair, 4""" (?) ; fourth pair, 4.75'""'. Excejjting in the palp the nicasuiements are those of the feinale. One of the specimens is a male; the other, the palpi of which are not preserved, is judged to l)e a female merely from its variation from the other in its larger abdomen. The s|)ecies is readily distinguished from the others by the rounded outline of the cepiialothorax both on the sides and on the strongly convex front. Kloris.sanr. One ,?, No. 1081 ; one 9, Nos. 8282 and 8459. 2. Parattus evocatus. Cepiialothorax subquadrate, somewhat loss than twice as long as broatl, slightly broadest posteriorly, with straight, st-arcely divergent sides; anterior and po.sterior margins broadh' convex, the lateral juigles well rounded off; eyes of anterior row large, round, e(|ual, equidistant, the middle ones at less than their own diameter from the front edge and from ARACHNIDE8— ARANEiDKS— SALTIGUADiE. 55 each other, the wliole arriing:e(l in a slightly curving row opening forward; oyes of second row indistinguishable; those of third row rounded oval, obliquely ))laced, situated each in the center of either lateral half of the cephalothorax. Abdomen slightly longer than the cephalothorax, of the same width, with nearly straight sides, rounded off anteriorly and tapering to a subangulate apex on the posterior third or fourth. The cephalothorax is blackish in the middle posteriorly, and all the abdomen but the terminal tapering part is nearly black. Legs very poorly and imperfectly preserved, but evidently tolerably stout and furnished w'*,h abundant, divergent, taper- ing, sle.ider spines. Lengthof body, 6.65"™; cephalothorax, 3""" ; abdomen, 3.65"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax anteriorly, 1.8'"'"; posteriorly, 2'""*; abdomen, 1.5""'; length of first pair of legs, 7.5'""'. The specimen is presumed to be a female from some faint traces of a slender palpus. The squareness of the form distinguishes this from the pre- ceding species; from P. latitatus it differs by its smaller size and propor- tionally shorter cephalothorax as well as by the more rounded front of the latter. Florissant. One ?, No. 12005. 3. Parattus latitatus. Ce[)]ialothorax quadrate, ne... y three times as long as broad, equal, with straight and parallel sides, the extreme anterior and posterior angles rounded off; front nearly 8traiE Thorell. The two families of crevice-inhabiting crab-spiders which have been found fossil in Tertiary deposit.^, Thomisides and Philodromina^ are both (the foi-mer particularly) common at the present day in Europe and North America. The fossil species belong mostly to the former, only four species of Philodromin;e having been recorded, all from amber, while twenty-one Thomisides are known, not including those described below, all of which also fall here. In this statement the strange amber genus Arcluva is not included, since, though placed by both Menge and Thorell in this grouj), it differs strikingly from the other members and should form a family group apart from them, having no known ailinities with any of the species from the stratified deposits of Europe or Aujerica. (November, 1881.) Two additional species of Thomisides have lately been described from Aix by Gourret. (October, 1889.) Family THOMISIDES Sundevall. All but four of the fossil Tiiomisides des(!ribed up to the present time come from amber and represent the genera Athera (one species), Clythia (five species), Ocypetc (fi»ur species), Opisthophylax ((»ne species), Sypiiax (five species), and Thomisus (one species). Thoniisiis is also re|)resented, with Xysticus, by two s|)ecies each in the stratified deposits of Oeningen and Rott, the latter locality furnishing one Xysticus, tlief<i|nal width througliont. Small Hpecies; femora of tirst pair of le);g half as long a^ain as those of second pair; tarsi as broad as the tibiiB i.T. disjiincliis. Large H]>ecieH; femora of flrst and second pairs ^f leus of abont ei|nal length; last tarsal joint slenderer than the tibiie :i. T. defosaui. 1. Thomisus resutus. PI. 11, Fig. 1.3. Abdomen plump, short ovate, about a fourth longer again than broad, the base broad, the sir'es well rounded, the hinder extremity full, with the extreme apex Squarely truncate. Only a fragment of the cephalothorax remains, showing tiie br^ad attachment of the abdomen. The two hinder pairs of legs only are j)reserved, showing limbs of considerable length, bent forward, the femora nearly as long as the abdomen, longer than the tibiae and fiattened, largest in the middle; the tibiiu are straight, completely con- solidated with the first tarsal joint as in spiders generally, also flattened, slender at base and gradually though slightly increasing in size apically, a peculiarity wliich is not shown in the plate; the tarsi are much slenderer, not flattened, and longer than the tibijB, the first joint alone being nearly as ■ i ! 58 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. long as they; tho wliole \eg is devoid of armature or clotliiiijr and none is perceptible on tlio abdomen. Length of abdomen, .H""" ; l)roadth, 2..^)'""'; lengtli of third pair of legs, ft.ii'"'"; its femora, 1.8.5"""; tibia", 1. «;.")"'"'; tarsi, 1.8"""; Hrst joint of same, 1.2"""; second joint, O.U""" ; fonrth pair of legs, 7.4.')""": its fem(»rr., 2.7.'')"""; width of same, O.."")""' ; its tibia', 1..')"""; width of same at base, (».2.")""" ; at tip, 0.4"""; its tar.si, 3.2™"' ; width of same, 0.1"'"'; length of first joint, 2"""; second joint, 1.2""". A single specimen is preserved, in which all anterior to the two hinder pairs of logs is lost. The species is reiidily distingui.shed from either of those here described by the nne(|iial width of the tibia', as well as for the dv,parity in width between the tibia' and tiirsi. As tho front logs are want- ing, this may not so properly be referable as the others to the Thomisides rather than the Philodromina?. Florissant. Nos. 5502 and 7521. 2. ThoMLSUS DISJUNCTirS. IM. 11, Fig. 9. Cephalothorax obscure in both specimens, and apparently preceded by a slender beak, more than half as long as the abdomen and divided into two lateral halves closely united ; they soem to bo a pair of elongated choliceres, but are poorly preserved in both cases. Abdomen rounded, short oval, about a fourth longer than broad, with both ends ecjually rounded. Logs long and slendei, the two front pairs longer than the hinder two, tho first also considerably longer than the second ; the femora are long and slender (the front pair about as long as the alxlomen), flattened and tiiporing at either end; the tibi;e and first tar«d joint are c(»mplotely consolidated into a single piece, so that tho line of demarkation can not be seen, and are very slender, ecpial, as long as the femora: the otlier tar-sal joints are together less than half as lonjr as the pnn-ious member and scarcely slenderer than it, terminating in a .slightly curved delicately pointed daw as long as tho width of the tarsus Length of abdomen, 1.75""" : breadth, 1.4.'/""'; length of first pair of legs, 4.2""": its fenuir, 1.8"'"'; tibia, 1.7""'; tarsus, 0.7"""; second pair, 2.85"'"'; femur, 1.2"'"' ; tibia, l.l.V"'"; tarsus, 0.5"""; tibia of third jiiiir, 1.05'"'"; tarsus, 0.4""" ; fourth pair, 2.2'"'" ; feuuu-, 1"""; tibia, 0.8"""; tarsu.s,0.4""". ARA0HNIDE8— AHANKIDKa— liATEIUOKAn/*]. 69 The sex of both specimens is iincertniii. Tlie species is readily dis- tinguished from the others by its small size, slender and long legs, and the complete consolidation of the tibia and first tarsal joint. Florissant. Nos. 9677, 10377. 3. ThOMISUS DKF088U8. PI. 11, Fig. 23, S . Cephalothorax bent at a strong angle with the abdomen and perhaps distorted in the single specimen known, but as preserved it is of an oval shape, slenderer than the abdomen, but not much smaller, half as long again as broad, similarly and fully rounded at oitlier end, the sides not strongly convex ; it appears to have a median transvetse constriction and incision. Noiiiing can be made out of the eyes, but a single large, black, subcircular, palpal swelling (represented of the same tint with the rest and merged with the cephalothorax on the j)late) lies bordering the middle of the front, a little broader than long. Abdomen very bro.id ovate, not more than a third to a fourth longer than broad, the base slightly broadest and broadly rounded, the apex similarly rounded and the sides between the well-rounded corners nearly straight; a faint separation into three or four segments can also be seen, and the surface is sparsely covered with minute short black hairs. Front pairs of legs much larger than the hinder, show- ing that the species is one of the true Thomisinne, the femora large, swollen in the middle and depressed, the front ])airs much longer than, the hinder pairs nearly as long as, the abdomen; the tibijc proper are very distinctly separated from the first joint of tarsi (in the other species it is reckoned with them in the measurements), excepting on the hindmost legs having a distinct oval form of their own, about half as long again as broad; the first joint of the tarsi is only a little shorter than the femora (on these same legs) a.nd with the til)ia longer than the femora; it is ii.med sparingly with long and slender recumbent spines; the .second and third joints of the tarsi are sub- equal, together shorter than the first joint, and besides tlieir sparse clothing of short fine black hairs the tip is armed witli a single short blunt claw. Length of cephalothorax, 3.5""" ; breadth, 2.1"™ ; length of abdomen, 4 2mm. breadth, 2.7"'"' ; length of first pair of legs (as preserved), 7.7.')'"'"; its femora, 3..5™"' ; tibia (proper), 1. 1"'"'; (true) first joint of tarsi, 2.4'""'; second joint (as preserved), l'"'" ; femora of second pair of legs, 3"*™ ; third pair of } m TBHTIAUV IX8K11TH OF NORTH AMKRIOA. logs, 7.15"'" ; itH foiuora, 2.(>'"'" ; ifH tibia (proper), 0.8"'" ; (true) first joint of tarsi, 2"'"; second joint, I"'"; third joint, 0.7')""'; foniora of fourtli pair o.'lcgs, 8"""; its tibia (propor), 1""'; combined tibia und first joint of tJirsi (as preserved), A ')'"'". Tliis species is very readily separated from the others by its size, nnd undoubtedly belon^rs to a frenns distinct from them; the specialisation of the tibia proper is sutlicient indication of this. Florissant. Oiu^ /, No. 4742. Suborder TUBITELARI^E Thorell. This {i^roup of spiders, «riven to the construction of silken tubes above {jround, is considered by Tliorell as the most lowly or^ranized of the Ara- neides, and it is interestiu}; to find that it is far better represented in the Tertiary deposits than any otiier, coniprisiiif^ more than one-third of the species now known and .'{(! per cent, of the fossil species of P2urope. It is ecpially remarkal)le for its diversity of form, all the families which are rich in genera in Europe at the present time being well represented in the Ter- tiaries of that country, and particularly in aml)er, both in genera and spe- cies; especially, as we shall se(! below, is this true i»f the Drassides, a group which is only surpassed in the number of its fossil species and the variety of its genera by the Theridides. It is, however, neither of these families, but the Kpeirides, which predominates in the American Tertiaries, though next to tnese the Tubitelariu' stand pre-emitient, and particularly the family of Drassides, already mentioned. The same three families, viz, Dysderides, Drassides, a id Agelenides, which are best represented in the European Tertiaries and are most al)un<{ant in species at the present y two, in all one-fourth of the American Araneides. (November, 1881.) Family DYSDERIDES Koch. Three genera of this family, Dy.sdera (four species), Segestria (eight species), and Therea (two species), have been found in Pnissian amber, and comprise all the fossil species known up to the present time. To this list we can adf piilpi boyoml c«)rHoIot, ;J. ."">"""; lunKth of lirHt jmir of legs, 10"""; itsfoiiioni, 3"'"'; tibiiu, l.r)"""; tiirHi, . ')..'')"'"'; hocoihI pair, 9.5'"'"; fuiiiom luid tll)iu«, a.Tr)"""; tui-Hi, ri.Tf)'"'"; third pair, fi.fi"""; femoni and til)iu', 2.fi''""; tai-Hi, 4'"'"; fomtli pair, H).'-""'"; fmiiora, 2.4'"'"; tihiiu, 2"'"'; tarsi, 5.8""". F^loriHHaiit. Two ,', Xoh. 20.'), and l.«()6 and 1.818 of tho Princoton col lections. Family DHASSIDES Sundevall. This family is richly ro|m)scnt«d in Tertiary species ; indeed, oxcept- itiji; Theridides, mont richly than any other family of Araneides, hein^' repro- .sented in Hurope by the ;;enera Anat(»ne (three species), (Mubiona (eight species), Macaria (live species), Melauophora (live species), I'ythonissa (ten species), and Sosybiiis (two species), as well as by one species each of Anyphicna, Drassus, Krithus, Ileteronnna, and Idinonia. KiVery one of these are amber species, exceptiiifi^ one Clubionn and one Macaria from < )enin<»'en. ( )nr own faniia has besides this yielded fonr species of Clubiona and one of Anypha-na, b(»th genera represented in amber, and one also at Oeningen. Tlu' present distribution of the species of this family is over the whole world, but the borders of the Mediterranean, eastern Europe, and western South America appear to be far the most richly represented. Some of the genera are c'-nlintHl to one or the other of these regions and nearly all to warm temperate regions. (November, 1881.) CLUlilONA Latreillo. A number of species appear to fall here, although it is diflicult to tell whether they should not rather be referred to the lyco.soi(l genus Dolo- medos or its vicinity, .so uiu;ertain are the clews we have to their real posi- tion; until mor(> .satisfactory ."•pecimens can be obtained they may be placed here, the more so as the species all bear some resemblance to the amber spiders referred to the .same genus, (!. eversa to ('. tomeiitosa, (J. arcana to C sericea and C lanata, (!. Iat(;brosa to (!. attenuata, and C. ostentata to C. inicro|>htlialma. The Oeniugen species .seems to be very different, with its rounded abdomen. Very few genera of spiders are so richly endowed with fo.ssil species as this, Theri ilium indeed being the only one which surpasses it, ami ne.\t h> it comes I'vthoni.ssa, a genus of the same fa*- !ly as this. The genus is widely spread in modern times. A few speci«'s are conmion throughout the greater part of Europe, others are contined to the Mediter- AUA(!UNii>i:a— AKANKiDKs— tuhitiilaum:. 63 mnonii reirioii, a v' 'toil loiiui^r lliun ri'|ihuIotliiiritx 'i. ('. arraiia. LuNM tin II llvo iMilliiiniturii lon^ ; ulxlinniMi Nriurnly JitrK^r anil lint lltllu loiiKtir tliun (!t<|ilinli)tliii- nn 4. V. oitentiila. 1. ClUIUONA KVER8A. V\.\l,V\li.'22{S). Mdlr. — ( '(!|»hulotlionix(tl)()viit(3, eciually nmiided at the two oudrt, more than liidf as loiin^ arIy preserved to allow auv stiitciinMit concerning tluMii. Palpi nearly as lon;r as the cephalothorax, the last joint very hu}^e, ovate, snbacniniiiate at tip, tlu* longer diameter almost efpiidinj^ tiie breadth of the cepiialotliorax. Abdomen ovate, half as long again and nearly half as broad again as tho corselet, almost equally rounded iit the two ends, but largest near the base and tapering slightly more beliind than in front. Whole body of a nearly uniform Itrown, but in one specimen the swollen paljiiil joint blacki.sh. liCgs nutderately long, not very uncfpnd, tapering, abundantly furnished with dark divergent spines, about lis long as tlu! width of the tibia*. i.engthof body, r).2"""; ceplndothorax, 2.1"""; abdomen, 3.\"""; width of cephalothorax, 1. (!')"""; abdomen, 2""" ; extension of palpi l)eyond corselet, 1.7"""; longer diameter of last joint of same, 0.7"'"'; length of first pair of legs, (;.7.")""" ; its femora, 2.25'"'" ; tibiu^ 2""" ; tarsi, 2."»"'"' ; second pair, d.T.')'""'; its femora, 2.;{"'"' ; tibia-, 2.2"""; tarsi, 2.25"""; third pair, 5.1""°; its femora, l.li""" ; tibite, 1..V'""; tarsi, 2""" ; ftairth pair, G.6"'"' ; its femora, 2.1'""'; tibia', 2.2""" ; tar.si, 2.3""". This species is not very far removed from the amber species, C tomen- tosa, but is sligiitly larger than it and has a less tapering cephalothorax. Florissant. Two ^, Nos. 5944, H:)51. 64 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. 2. Clubiona arcana, PI. 11, Fig. 4 ( ,J ). Male. — Coplialothoi'jix rouiulisli ovul, iibout one-third longer than broad, the ceplialic and thoracic portions completely blen(h;d, the front in the single iiidividnal obsciu'e with no trace of eyes, (^heliceres apparently pretty large, the jjalpi very long, icngorthan the prothorax, the last joint large and swoll'^n, ovate, more tl.in half as long again as broad, and black. Abdomen a little paler than the bro\ nish cephalothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and soinenhat bro ider than Mie cephalothorax. Legs not very long, tapering considerably, amply provided with more or less divergent slender spines as long as or .slightly longer than the femora. Female. — Cephalothorax ovate, about one-third longer than broad, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended. Palj)i nearly or (piite as loiig ah the cephalothorax. Alxlomen .sometimes lighter than the cepha- lothorax, long ovate, considerably longer and sometimes a little broader than il. Legs as in the male, the spines perhaps a liitle shorter, and on the tarsi arranged to a cei tain extent in rows, not not'ceable on the male. Length of body, f 5.25""", ,^ 6.65"""; of cephalothorax, ,7 l.TS""', 9 2.15"""; of abdomen, A 3.5""", ? 4.5"""; breadth of cephalothorax, ,( 1.3"""', 2 l.-t""'; of abdomen, f 1.4""", ? 1.75"""; extent of palpi beyond cephalotho- rax, ^ 2""", i 2"""; longer diameter of last pal()al joint, r 1.15""", shorter diameter, ' 0.5"""; length of lirst pair of legs, ' 7.5""", ? 6.7.5"""; its femora, ,;? 2.05""", ? 2.-;""" ; til*ia', f 2.tt""", ? 2.35'""'; tar.si, ,( 2..55"'"', ? 2""" ; second pair, r 6.45'""', ? 6"""; its femora, ^ l.K""", ? 2.2""'^; tibia', ,? 2..5""", ? 1.65"""; t.irsi, ' 2.35""", . 2.15""" ; third pair, r 5.35""", ? 5.5"""; its femora, ' 1.35 1.8"""; tibia', / 2""', -? 1.H5""" ; tarsi, J 2""", ? 1.85"""; fonrth pair, / 7.75 '? 8.3"""; its femora, J 2.15""", , 3"""; tibia', / 2.6""", ?2.55""" ; tarsi, ,( 3"'"', ? 2.75""". This species agree.*-' very well in size with C eversa (only males of cour.se comi)ared), or is slightly sinallcv ami the legs if anything- a litth; longer; the cephalothorax is rounder and the jialpal swelling nnu-h more elongated. It is somewhat like both C sericeaand (', lanata of the Prussian amber, but is somewhat smaller and has longer legs than they. Florissant. One >!, No. 2831; three ?, Nos. 3253, 7087, 8082, i)eside8 a 9 from the Princeton collection, No.s. 1.807 and 1.819. ■! III III AJ{A011NIJ)EiS-AHANI<:iDES-TUliITELAULE. 65 •I 3. OHJBIONA LATEBROSA. PI. n, Fiff. ],s(,?), 7lf„/,._(;ei,l,alotliorax oval, Luj^rest behind tlie middle, tapering consid- erably Ht either end. with no distinction in outline between the cephalic and thoracic portions; front ol,scure with no eyes preserved. Cheliceres pretty hirr-e. I'aJp, very long, almost as long as the cephalothorax, terminal jomt moderately stout, obpyriforn,. Abdomen paler than the cephalothorax, "Hi.h larger than it by rea.son of its greate. breadth, but only about one- tourth longer, largest i.ear the base, tapering apicallv to a blunt tip, its hasa two-thirds .-overed ,. -sely with long, stout, .lark-tipped, fointly <-l..bl,ed hairs. Legs long and slender, subequal, the femora and tibia, fur- n.shed not very abundantly with moderately long, delicateb- tapering, very hnely pointed, slightly divergent spines. Length of body, 9.1- ; cephalothorax, 4-; abdomen, 5.1 • bre-idth of cephalothorax, 1.6-" = abdon.en, 2.6™- ; extension of palpi be3'ond front ot cephalothorax, 3 ; length of fir.st pair of legs, 8. Tf. : second pair U"-™- third pair, !)""" ; fourth i)air, y..5""". This spe..ies differs from all the others here described in its taperin-r abdon,en and its proportionally consi.ierably longer legs; the palpal swelN .ng ,s also .sln.lerer than usual. In its tapering abdomen as well as in other features .t comes pretty near the aml,er species, (J. attenuata, being also of the same size : it differs from it in its longer legs. F'lorissant. One /. Xo. (;4!I2. 4. Cli lUOXA OSTKNTATA. I'l. II.Fij,. L'4{c?). .W.._(:epha!orhorax broHbpyriform, being Ur^.-st at .so.ne distance bevon, f 1.9'""; tarsi, ' 2""": tourth pair .-r legs, ' 6.9""", ? 4.6"""; femora, r 2""", ? 0.8.5""" (?) ; tibia', ' 2""", , 1.7.5""" (f) ; tarsi. ' p (iniln - .)nini This species Is considerably smaller than any of the tuliers, and is further distinguished t'rom tliem l)y the ne;ir eipudity in size of tlu^ ceplialo- thorax and abdomen it reseml)les a little C. micropiithalnia of the Haltic amber, and is of the same size as it, but the cephalic j)ortion of the cephalo- thorax is not distinguished b\' a constriction a.s there, and our species has somewhat stouter legs. Florissant. Two /, Xos. i:»9, 55(»7 and 5910; oi.e ?, No. 9624. ANY IM LENA Sundev:dl. To this genus I refer a single species, manii'estiv belonging in this vicinity, and approaching it. so far asnia\ be judged b\- tin- ^^cneral appear- aiu;e of the specimen, as closely iis ;ni\' other toriii. Truces ol'thc I'Sc-cini be .seen in this specinn-ii, and if correctK interpreted their :iii;niL;t'meiit is not ex.H'tly that of .\n\plia'nii, .iltlmiinh ii Is not M-rv d lib cut from that AKACHNIDES— AUANEIDE8— TUBI'liiJLARl.E. of this iiiid allied genera of Drassidae. For the present, at least, it may remain here. A sing'le species of Anypha^na has before been recorded in a fossil state, A. fuscata, found in amber, but it differs very much from our species, and the arranj^enient of the eyes in particular is altogether different. All the species of the genus now living have been found in southern Europe and Algeria exccj^ting one, which is reported from the Pacific Islands ; and our species thus indicates a warmer climate than the localit}' at present enjoys. Anyi'h;i:na intkhita. PI. 11, Fig. 5. Cephalothorax subcircular, the cephalic and thoracic jjortions wholly blended, the anterior and posterior margins a little flattened, .so as to be nearly stiaight, fully as broad as long, furnished with short, tapering hairs. Eyes apparent]}- formed of two approximated pairs of small ocelli close together in a sliglitly curved line opening f(trward next the middle of the front mar- gin; two slightly larger dir'jctly behind each of these pairs, and slightly more distant from each ot'ior than eithc:- is from th(» pair in front, and two nnu'h larger lateral ocelli situated next tlit- front base ot the front pair of legs close to the margin, and forming with the posters >r middle eyes a very slightly curved series of nearly equidistant ocelli opening forward. The pair of approximated eyes and the one in their rear are faint and more or less conjectural. If this position of the eyes is correct the spider should not be placed in xVnypi rna, but would certainly appear to fall near it and ('lul)iona. Cheliceres ver\ stout, projecting in front o*f the cephalothorax by half the length of the latter, and togetlier coiisiderabl)' more than half as broad as it. well roiuuled apically I'alpi of female rather longer tlian the C('|)halothorax, moderatfly stout. Aixlomeii iipparentlv pedunculate, the pt'duncle long and slender, the a'wlomen plump oval, well and very regu- liirly rounded in fiont. and bur fi-r rne i-^pid tapering of the extreme apev rather mor«' broadly rounded Itehiiwi. i^egs short, subequal, moderately stout, es))e(!ially the femora. tapiriuL" tlr 'tighout, well armed with prettv large tapering spiu<-> of eipuil leugtk ui the whole leg, and about as long lis the width of Tbe tibiic, somewhat divergent and irregularlv disposed on the femorii. bevoiwl nrranged apparently in two or three row- and scarcely at all (li\«'r:r«'nt. 68 TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMKRICA. Lenpfth of body (as preserved), 11.5"'"'; of coplialotliorax, 2.75"""; of abdomen (without pedicel), (>"""; of pedicel, 1'""'; breadth of cephalothorax, 3.1'""'; of iibdomeii, 4.1"""; leii;>tli of clielicercs, l.<;' ; of palpi beyond corselet, ;5.3"""; of first pair of le^s, S""": its femora, ■_'."."""; tii)iii', 2.(J '; tarsi, 2.9"""; of second pair of legs, i>.2' ; its femora, 2.(1'"'"; tibiic, ;{.25'"'" ; tarsi, 3.35"""; of bird pair of le<»s, 7.5'"'"; its femora, 2.;{ ; tibia', 2.5'"'"; tursi, 2.7'"'"; of fourth |)air of legs, 10.75'"'"; its femora, 2.!)'"'"; tibiic, 3.2'""'; tarsi, 4.15""". Florissant One , (and reverse), Nos, S2i(lt and S2.SI. Family AGALENIDES Koch. This famiK of 'I'ubitelariii- is also fairly re})resented in Tertiarv times, three species each having liecn found in amber, of the genera Aniiiurobius and Tegenaria, and one each of Agalena and Argyroneta, besides which Oeningen furnishes an ArgN'roneta and Rotf an Argyronela and a Ilisto- poua. To this list we can a(hl from this country two species of Titamcca, more nearly allied apparently to the amber pecie> of Anianrohins than t<» any other fossils. Far the largest part of the spet-ies of thi.- faniih are known from Knrop<', l)Mt a few from America. (Xovendicr, issl.) Gourrct has recentiv described a Tegenaria fr i!n .V \. TITAN(K('A Thorell. Two species are placed in this genus from their close general n^sem- blance to the tvpe of the .same, llahn's riierifliuni »]uadngiinatinini of Kurope. The genus has never before been found fossil, I»itt is not fair removed from Amanroliius. of which three s|>ecies are known 'n t\m- Kuro- pean Tertiaries. The living sf>ecies of the genus are conlined, so far as I discover, to the Mediterranean er, IHHI.) Table of the iptei'- of Tilniiimi. CV|ili»liilliiir;t\ :kl, ^iluiiil liull .i~ luii^ an lli<- aliilniiiru 1.7'. iiigeii nii. (.'r|ilialiirliorax larjff ami ilongal.' about tli''i'e-fipiiiilit tin- Iciifilli •<{ llir alidniiii'U 'i. T Uenlernu. ARACHNIDES— AltANEIDES— TUBITELARI^. 69 , 1. TiTANffiCA INGENUA. PI. 11, Figs. 29, .S2 ( 9 ). Cephalothonix oval, about half as long again as broad, largest a little behind the niiddlo, the front not produced but regularly rounded, the lateral curve being slightly convex tln-oughout its course, and thus showing no line of separation between the cephalic and thoracic portions. Arrange- ment of eyes not determinable. Cheliceres stout. Palpi moderately stout, (Hpuil, about as long as the cephalothorax, the terminal joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen plump, subrotund, at least four or five times larger than the cephalothonix, being more than twice as broad and fully twice as long as it, slightly mort; tapering at the base than at the apex, only half as long again as broad, and of a uniform tint, or possibly a little duskier along the nK^lio-dorsal ))orti()n. Legs moderately slender, short, subequal, abun- dantly furnished with hairs, which seem (conspicuously in one specimen, No. 13520, less distinctly in others) to be more abundant laterally than upon the u})per surface, and armed with many very long and slender only slightl} diverging spines on all the legs, and especially on the femora and tibiie of the two liinder pairs. All the specimens appear to be females. Lengtii :tf lx)dy, !).6"""; of cephalothorax, 3.1"""; abdomen, ().5""'; l)ieadth of ce[)halothorax, 2.4"'"'; abdomen, 5.U""" ; length of first pair of legs, H"""; second pair, 7.6"""; third pair, 7"""; fourth pair, 8.75'""'. The shape of the ce))halothorax and abdomen sufficiently separate this sj)ecies from the following, with which otherwise it agrees closely in general appearance. Florissant. Four ?, Nos. ;)7!)2, 11203, 13520, 14031. 2. 'PlTANO^.CA IIESTERNA. Cephalothorax obpyriform, the cephalic portion a little produced and tapering anteriorly less than the fully rounded thoracic part, and somewhat truncate anteriorly, the front scarcely convex, the posterior border well rounded; tlie widest portion of the cephalothorax is in the middle of the thoracic part or of the hinder two-thirds of the whole, aiul it is nearly half as long again as l)road. Arrangement of eyes not determinable. Chefi- ceres stout. I'alpi moderately stout, e(pial, a little shorter than the cepha- lothorax, the apical joint roundly pointed at tip. Abdomen ovate, about ■ ' ;U 70 TEKTIARY INSUdTS OK N<)|{TFr AMKI{I(5A. half as broiid again as the cephalothorax, nearly twice as long as broad, but only half as long again as the cephalothorax, tapering apically as much as if not more than basally. Legs njoderately slender, short, subetpial, abundantly furnished with hairs and with spines, even to the tips of the tarsi, especially on the two hinder pairs of legs, much as in T. ingenua and with the same thinness of ('ovoring above as there, one specimen especially (r2!>77) showing it in the same marked degree as one of the preceding species. As there also, all the specimens appear to be females. Length of body, 7.1"""; cephalothorax, 2.;{"'"': cheliceres, 1.5"'"'; abdo- men, 5"'"'; breadth of cephalothorax anteriorly, 1.4'""'; greatest breadth, 2.1 '; breadth of abdomen, 2.75"'""; length of first pair of legs, 7""": sec- ond pair, 7..'{"'"' ; third pair, S-f)"'"' ; fourth pair, S""". The slenderer form of the whole body and the less disparity in size between the cephalothorax and abdomen mark this species as distinct from the preceding. Floris.sant. Four ?, No.s. 56.56, !200(;, 12!i77, and Princeton (jollec- tion. No 1.H09. Suborder RETITELARI^ Thorell. Next to the last equivalent group, tliese sjaders. vvliicli make a loose web or .snare ai)|)arently constructed without any rogtdar plan, are the most numerous in Tertiary deposits, forming in Kuroj)e, as we have seen, 2!> per cent of the total fauna. This, as before, is dependent in large nieasure upon their representation in andier, which contains forty-eight of the fifty-five described species. The tiuinber known from the Huropean strata is, however, greater than in any other of the larger grouj)s, while the American species of the .siime here brought to light are for once con- siderably less numerous than the Kuropean. All the species belong to the Theridides, which is also far the richest in forms at the present day. (November. ISSI.) Family THERIDIDES Koch. There is no single family of spiders so abundantly lepresentod in Ter- tiary deposits as the Theridides. No less than fifty-four species, oi- more than one-fourth the whole number of fossil Araneides of Europe, in-long to this group and represent fourteen genera. Theridium is rich(>st. with six- teen species ; then follow Thyelia with eleven: Zilla, Micryphante.s, and M ARACHNIOES— AUANEIDES— RETITELARI.'B. 71 Ero with five each ; Liiiypliia with three, Corynites and Erigone with two, and Anaiidrus,* Clya, Diehvcata, Euryopus, Flegia, and Schellenbergia with one each. Flogia, Corynitis, Aiiandrus, Thyelia, Clya, Diehicata, and Schel- lenbergia are all peculiar to the Tertiaries, Schellenbergia to Oeningen, the others to amber. Nearly all the species are from amber, but beside the S('hellenber<^ia from Oeningen there is a species of Erigone and two of Lin}'phia from Rott, and two species of Theridium from Oeningen as well as another from Aix. America, however, does not bear her proportionate share in this repre- sentation, l)eing poorer even than the stratified deposits of Europe, whereas in every other group it is either better representeil or falls diort by only a single species. There is a single species of Linyphia, two of Theridium, and some egg-cocoons referred for convenience to the comprehensive genus Ariinea. Tiiat two of the three species known in the perfect state should l)elong to the genus most highly favored in the European Tertiaries is a point worth noting. Tlu; family is best represented in Europe (especially in the Mediterra- nean district) and warm temperate America, but a few liave been found in the East Indies. (November, 1881.) Gourret, in his recent investigation of the spiders of Aix, found but a single species of this family among the eighteen Araneides described by him. He referred it to Ariamnes. AHANEA Linnd. Under this broad generic name are placed notices of some egg-cocoons which ar<» like those made by species of this group and which have been found at no less than three distinct localities. I am not aware that any such remains have before been noticed. .\ KANE A COI.UMIil.*:. PI. 11, Figs. 1, 2. .Iranea cohonhiir Scndiler, lirp. TrMgr. (ieol. Siirv. Can., 187(i-'<7, 4li;?-464 (1878). Among the stones obtained by Mr. Dawson 'in Hritiish Columbia are several <-ontainiiig tlie flattened remains of the egg-cocoons of Araneides. There are no less tlnui eight of them, of difierent shapes and sizes, occurring ' Anaudriis ia credited with uno Hpeuies, but it is not described (Meiigu, Lebenazeicben, etc., p. 7). ill < I 72 TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NOIITII AMERICA. by pairs, none of tlioni rtiverses (•(' others. Tlioy ori-iir on st«>iius mnii- bered 3S to 41. As tlio foi'in of tbo cg'jLf-coi'oonH in Anuiuidos is so viirious, and the number of s))eciniens found indicates a probability of obtaining at some time the probable constructor of the webs, 1 liave only applied an ancient, broad generic name to these products of the insect, i\.v *ha auke ot indicating the nature of all the fossil remains from Quosnel. It is probable that the spider will be found most nearly allied to Theridium, species of which construct pedunculate egg-cocoons not very difierent from these. The cocoons vary slightly in size, and niore in shape, owing no doubt to their varying position when crushed; proba])ly tliay were globular, or pos- sibly slightly oval in shaje; averaging about tive millimeters in the longer and four millimeters in the shorter diameter; of a firm .structure; testaceous in color, and hung by a .slender thread, less, or nnr h less than quarter the length of the egg-cocoon (averaging, perhaps, one millimeter in length), to a thickened mass of web, attached to some object or to tlu» ins(!ct's web. That they have been preserved by pairs upon the stones has no signifi- cance, and, indeed, may be due simidy to the way the stones were broken; for they lie at varying distances apart, with no sign of cmnection, and placed with no definite relations to each other. Two of them show no sign of the i)edicel, but this is certaiidy due to poor pre.servation ; and a single one, the least circular (4()«) n»»t oidy has no jjcdicel, but appears to be formed of a lighter, fiimsier ti.ssue, and may belong to a different species. The following are the longer and .shorter diameter, and length of pedicel, of each .specimen : NuinlHT»fsi,..c.., ,,,„,„^^„. ,lui.M«tt.r., ,.e.llc.-l. i No. :wfc. i No, :wc. No. -.VJa. No. ;«•/), No. 40a. No. 4(1*. No. 41a. .No. 4 Id Mm. .'..0 ti.O 4.(1 4.(1 .'i. (I 4.:> Mm. :!. .") 4.0 :i. (i :i. .-. v. r, :t.7 ;t ;t 4. -2 Mm. L.'i 0.8 i.a 1.0 (•) (•) ' Kttsu uuly of ikhUccI iiruHei'vvil. The egg-cocoon of a si)ider (No. 4201 ), of exactly the sanu! size, shape, and general appearance; as those described abov), of an ogfj-cocoon was also found at Florissant, Colorado, liavin}^ tlio sanio jfeneral appearance, but with no trace of a pedicel and sliader than long. It is provided with a pedicel 1.4""" long, 1)ut is itself only 2""" long and 2.5'""' broad. Quesnel, Green River, Florissant. TJIEKlDIU^r Walckenaer. No less than sixteen fossil species of this genus have been described, thirteen from amber, one from the beds of Aix, at about the .same horizon, and two from Oeningen. Those from Oeningen and Aix are very different from the two here descri))ed, and those figured from and)er are scarcely nearer, though T. opertaneum bears some resemblance to T. granulatuni, and T. seclusum to T. liirtum. The vast majority of the numerous known living species of this genus are from Europe, but not a few occur in our country, especially in the Southern States, and one or two are reported from other parts of the world. It is therefore almost exclusively a north temperate genus, but is by no means confined to the warmer parts, and its occurrence at Florissant has no special significance as to the climate of the times. (November, 1881.) Tails of the specie$ of Theridiim. Largo Hii«t'i«8; thu c(i,iltalotli(>i'iix mufli longer tliiiii broml ( 9 ) 1. T. 0!>irtaiieiim. Small ipcLieH; tlio cupliulutliurax nearly oirciilar ( ^ ) 3. T. aecliiaiim. 1. TUKUIUIUM OrKRTANKUM. ri. 11, Fig. 3(9). Founle. — Ccphalothora.- elongated, comparatively slender, nearly ecpial, about twice as long as broad. Legs slender, imperfectly preserved, not very long, sparsely furnished with rather short delicate spines, not longer than the width of the legs. Abdomen very large, nearly globular, nearly three times as broad as the cei)halothorax, of a grfeenish tingf,. though the whole body is brown. 74 TI;KTIAKY INHKCT8 OF NOHTII AMKHICA. l.oii;ftliot'lH)(ly, 11 ; of copIialollKtnix, :•"""; hmKlthof siuih;, 2.L'"""; of uIkIoiik'Ii, 6. 1"""; loii^'tli <»f lirst pair of fmnorii, (>""" ; ftcuMtiul pair, fi"'"' ; Hecoinl tihiui, 4'"'": t\\\vA foiiioni, «""'": tliircl tibiii!, 2.4'""'; foiirtli fciuoiii, 3.2;'.""". UosiiU'M its vcM'v iniu'li {jfroatoi* size, this spocios dilVcrs <;reatly from the other in the form of the ccphnlothorax. Florissant. Out' , , No. l,'{r)2l, presorvotl on a dorsiil view. 2. 'I'liKUiuir.M sK('Li:8rM. n. 11, Fig. L'»(,t ). Muk, — Oc'plial(tthorax stout, stpiarc ovnl, n littlo loujjcr only than broad, the front broadly and r<'<>ularly rounded. Cindiceres nitlicr stout, as Ion;; as lialf tlie width of the eoraolet, tapering a littlo, rounded at tlm a))ex, the outer rdyo straight, the iinier rouiuled. l/ist joint of palpi nearly as lar;;e as the ehelicores, oval, on a stalk as Ion;;;' as the cophalothoi These two parts are ine(»rrt'<'tly repre.sented on the plate, where the pali)i andcheli- cercs appear as one ^'reat jjiecd. Abdomen rather small, oval, narrowi^r than the ccphalothorax, but of about the .same length. Legs long and slender, the first pair partieularly long, and the second pair consideraldy lonyer than the fourth, whieh is unusuallv slender : all the legs are furnisht'd with numerou.s spines, apparently arranged In three rows and clustered much more n\imerously at the distal end of the femora and tibia- than elsewhere; the spines are moderately slender and about as long as the width of the joints, separated from one another by al)ont their own length, sometimes a litth; le.ss. Length of body, 4.")""" ; of abdomen, 2,2')""" ; width of cephalothorax, 1.6iV""': of abdomen, 1.2'"'"; length of eheliceres, O.?."*""" : of lirst pair ot legs, 15'""': its femora, I..')"'"'; tibia-, 4.. V'"" ; tarsi, 6""" ; .second pair of logs, !•_»"'"' : femora. ;{.7."»' ; tibia-, a. 7.')' : tarsi, 4.5'"'" ; third pair of legs, .'..25""" ; femora, 14'""'; tiliia-, 1.1 ; tarsi, 2.7.".'"'" : fourth jjair of leg.s, 9""" ; femora, 3..")'"'"{?): tibia-. 1 ..T'" ( .' ) ; tarsi, 4""". The species is very nmch smaller than T. opertaneum, besides having a very dilTerent corselet. Florissant. Xos. 228(), 7Hl(j, y02(). All the specimens appear to be males. aii.v<'HN!I)Ks~.\I!.\ni:iiu:h— wrnTKi.Aiti.K. T» MNVI'lllA Latnillc. Two s|KM',ioH of tins }>;oiiiiH linvc liccn ihrnrriltcil tVoin Rott, and one (foniKii'Iy (ronsi(! nnX two) Mpi'iios Frnm ainlicr. 'I'Ik* siii«, ii« wull iiH t(» \j. rotti'iisis of tlio lilioiiisli hiowii i oal, thmi^fh it U nuicli liirgor than tlio lattiT. Tlic livinjj;' H|R'('i('H arc fonn 2"""; Mf abdomen, 2.1.")""": diameter of palpal swelling, 1'""'; length of lirst pairoflegs, 1!)""": second pair, lo.r)'"'" ; third pair, G.D""" ; fourth pair, 14"""; fu>' pair femora, ()'"'"; tibia', 7'"'"; tarsi, 6""'"; second pair femora, f)'""'; ■I I! i 7»J Ti;i{TiA. V ;.. SKITS or Noirni amiiijkja. 11 tibia', r).r»"""; tiirni, :.'""'; tliinl pair of lViiii>iii. 2..V'"" : tlWuv, '2.\ : tm-rti, L*""": foiirtli piiir <»f femora, 4.:>""" ; tibia", 4..'i ; tiii» abHoiicu of distant Mpiiics ii|ioii tbu IcK**! '>i>*l >(>* iiiiicli tnori* sIciMlt'i' cepba- lotborax and lon^fcr Ic^js. FlorisHant. On." ', Xos. 1297(1 and l.'J21"J and t lo.'l'J. Suborder ORBITELARIvE Thorell. The synnnctrical-wol) constniftin^^' spiders, tboii^rb nut rare In Tertiarv dopnsits, are not so eoninion as tlu'ii' al)nndanee in reeent times woidd lead one to anticipate, for, as wo bave seen, only S per cent (»f tbe i'iiiropean fossil spiders belon^r to tliis ;;ronp, and all or nearly all of tlieni are Kpei- ridt's. In tins nnnd)er are not incliide(l two or tbree s|)ecies described b\' older autliors nnder tbe name of Aranea, tbe precis(> location of wbicb is and must prol)al»ly always remain uncertain. 'I'liirteen species are credited to aml)er, two to Uolt, and oni^ to < )eninjien. In our own cnnntr\' tlas case is very ditftu'ent, for nearly one-liidf of oiu' sjiecies (41 per cent) are to bo refern.'d to tbis ;rroup, and all al-o are Mpeirides. It is tbe one considerable I'oint in wliicli tbe American fauna may be contraste(l witb tbe Kuropean. In l{ottalon(^ of all tbe Kuropean localities (wbere tbe ()rl)itehn'ia' lorm one- foiirtb of tbe known fauna) do we bave any approacb to tbe proportionate number of tbis j^reat jiri'oup. (November. ixSI.) Family EPEIRIDES Sundevnil. Tbe ficuera of Mpeirides represented in tbe Kuropean Tertiaries are Kjieira (livc! species), of wbicb two come fnnn Uott and one from ()enin;;('n, (Jra'a (tour species), Antopia (tbree species), < )nca (two species), and Kj)eiiidion and Siu-a (one species eacb). Tbe American fauna is nearly as ri(li, ricber for once tban tbe aiidter, wbence lome all tbe Kuropean species except fliose specit'.cd above, end>racin;»' seven or more species of Kpeira, four ol iinextinct j^enus. 'retbiieus, and ime eacb of Tetra^^iiatba and Xepbilii, ;f».'nera liefore unknown in tbe fossil state. Not only, tben, is tbe American fauna pecidiar tor its riclmess in species ol' tbis family, but no otber sbows so many novel forms for tbe Tertiary epocb. One of tbese latter }j|;enera pre- dumiiiates ill America and tbe <»tber is u tropical j^enns, wbicb lends addi- ' Tim Irriiiinal puil nf llir liylil taixi hh givi^ii in Vnf. •.'" lUivn nut lielonj; to tin' tarni. n Ai{.\«'iiNiin;s-Ai{ANKii)r,M-<>unrn;iiAiti-i':. 77 tioiml iiitorcst to their diMi'Dvcry. 'I'lii! M|to('i('.s arc Hprt'iid nil over tlu* jifU»lK* ill linlli fciii|icriito iiild toiiid icyiniis. ( NnvtMllliff, iMSl.) Ar Ai\, (ioiiirct toimd Imt :i sinuh- iiifiiili*ti- of tliJH fiiiiiil) , wliicli Ik* rcturrcd to ti distinct j^ciiiih nillcd ( '<>rfidit>llti. 'IK'lh'AliNA'niA L.iti.Hlc. 'I'liiM ^ciiiiH liiiH n(3V('i' hot'om hctMi n-ro^iii/.t-d in ii t'osHil Htatc, Altliongli r(*|>n'scnf(M| in ovcry (•(nitincnt, it is only in Aincricii and particniarly in tlie wariiKT parts of North America that it is at all ahundant: here sonic spccius raiif;o north to Now I'iii^fland, hnr it is essentially a ^oiiiis of tlut Soiitheni 8tut.oH; these spiders fnMjiieiit the liordei's of poiulM and hoiico it is not Htriin*j>'(t that we shonhl find thoin in tlio lake deposits of Florissant, althon^rh their prcwonce tlieiut certainly indicates a warnitir climate than tlie present. 'I'he spocics horo described does not appear to have special atlinities with the American species with which I luivo been alile to eonipare it, beiiij>- stouter bodied than they. (Noveinlior, 18H1,) 'rKTKAONATllA TKUTIAItlA. n. ll,riB. 11 (<5). Tflraijiuithn Urliarui Sciidilcr, Zittcl, lliiiiaii. il. I'liloont., I, ii, 714, I'ig. '^•i^ (IHfh). \ siiif^lo male and its reverse represent the under surface of this spe- cies; as preserved, it is of a palo rusty color, the cephalnthoracic ap^)end- a<^es much darker than the alidomen, which is as pale as the legs, or than the cephalothorax, which is nearly as pale. The cephalothorax is circular or scarcely lonj^itndinally oval, the exposed ventral portion between the bases of the inandibhts and legs shield-shaped or heart-shaped. '^Fhe man- dibles are very larj^e, longer than the cephalothorax, broader on the apical than on the basal half and thus formed of two jiarts, a basal, straij^ht, equal piece, as bro.id as tlu^ third or fourth lo<^s and about donlile the longtli of the coxu'. iiiiil an apical ovate* portion, not unlike the apical joint of the palpi, somewhat Ioiij>er than the basal portion and fully half as broad again as the front legs. Ueyond these, and separated from them by a little space, and thtM'efore supported bv a long pedicel, which however is not preserved, are tin* apical jialpal joints, a little smaller than the ai)ical portion of the mandibles and of about the .same shape, in the interior of which a strongly curveil coriieoiis thread can be made out, forming more than a complete -f i : ■ ; \ \^ ' m m 78 TEKTIAUV INSECTS OF NOUTII AMlClilCA. circle. The legs, of which only the third and fourth puirs are poi'fect, are very long-, excepting the third pair; the femora and perhaps the tibia; have a sniiei'ior series of alternately diverging, slender. v(^ry distant spines, farther from one another than their own lengths. TJie abdomen is long oliovate, siibcvlindrical, a little tlu; largest at the base, as long .is th(> ceijhalothorax and cheliceres together. Lengtii of body. 10"""; of abdon>en, ;'»"'"'; breiidth of cephalothorax, •J..")"'"'; (»f abdomen, 2.3"'"'; length of mandibles, 3.2"""; breadth of the basal portion, 0.7""". of the apical portion, 1.3'"'"; greatest diameter of last palpal j(»int, 1.2.0'"'". least diameter of .same, l.lo'"'"; length of femora of Jirst pair of leg.s, S.7.5"""; of .second, 7"""; of thh-d, :\J)"'"': of fonrth, 7'"'"; lengtli of tliird i)air of legs, '.1.5 ; of fourth pair, 18..')""". FInris.sint. One ', Xos. oOOO and .5.S!IS. TETIINEUS, gen. nov. {(-h'tlauc^). Under tliis name are h(>re grouped sevend evidently nearlv allied spe- cies of spiders, which closely resemble in general aspect thost; placed under l]l)eira, but which differ also bom them in certai:i features, and in these same characteristics appear to dirt'er also fron» all other Kpeiiides, to which family t'.iov evidently belong. 'I'liey iire compact in I'orin, with short and stout legs of not very unequal length, and in particular the first two pairs (tf legs are unusually heavy. The second and fourth pairs of legs are of nearly equal length, or the .second pair may be slightly longer; the femora of the first and second pairs of legs are at base as Inoad as or even broader than half the width of (he cephalotlutrax, and the longest legs are less, gen- erally consideraljly less, than twici- as lung as the l)o(ly. The species are of medium size. I'lihli' l' tins roiHcli-t Mr|iaialiil liy .1 lli^tiIll:l riiiiiiii^dliir iiiriNiim. Last palpal ,j"iiit ipI' iiiali' cliiliiimi I. T, iiuijati. Last palpal .jiiiiit nt inali' iloiinati'il l. /'. /iini'fcddi. No 111 if cliiiiarliutiDii brtwciMi tlic Iwip parlH of llio ('(iiscli'!. Smaller spi'uii's, ci'plialdtlicirax ic-;{iilai l\ uliovati- ',' /', oUdiiraluH. liarger gpecion, cephiilothdraN nvair, nearly |i> nloriii ;!. T. henlzii. 1. Tk)IIM.I'S Ot'VOTI. I'l. II, KiK.s. ,S ( ; second pair, ^ 11.75-10.5 ? 14?r)"""; its tibia, ,r i-3.25'""'; tarsi, ^ 3.75-3.75""'; third pair, ,^ 7.75--! o, ? 8.5"""; its tibia, ' 2.5-2, ? 2.5"""; tarsi, -f 2.5-2.25, ,' 3.5"""; fourth j^air, ? 9.25-8, ? 12.75"""; its tibia, / 3.25-2.5, v 4"'"'; tarsi, ' 3-2.5, ? 4.25'""'. The second measuiements of the legs of the male are of a b nailer indi- vidual. It will be seen that the sticond pair of legs are proponionatel}- longer in the female than in the male, where they are shorter than in the first pair. The species is represented by four individuals, one of them in dupli- cate. All but one are males and, excepting one male, all are tolerably pre- served. Named for the late Prof. Arnold Gu}'ot, to whose kindness I am indebted for the opportunity of studying the Princeton collection of Floris- sant insects. Florissant. ; , No. 320: ^, Nos. 8^(j5, 8311, and from the Princeton collection, one """ ; breadth, 2.7""" ; projection of palpi beyond front, 2"""; their breadth. 4"""; breadth of fore femora, 1"'"' ; length of femora of first pair of legs, 2""" ; tibia", 3"'"' ; femora of second ])air of legs, 2.5"""; tibite, IV'""; tarsi, 3"'"': fcMuora of third pair, 1.5"""; tibije, 2'""'; tarsi, 2.5""'; femora of fourth pair, 2.25"'"'. Floris.saut. One ,, No. 7177. y. IVrHNKUS IIKNT/II. PI. 11, FifT. li{S). Tethnmia liciil:ii ScikIiUt, Zitl.l, llamll.. .1. I'ahn.iit., I, ii, T4I, li},'. '.hJS (ISa'O. This species is represented by seven individuals, one of tliem in dupli- cate and all of them males. About half of them are well preserved, 'i'he cephalothorax is short ovate, almost pyriform. liroade.st behind and strongly convex in front, with no dem;n-kation between the cephalic and thoracic portion.s of the corselet ; although there are traces of the eyes, their position and relations can not be satisfactorily determined. Palpi short, the terminal joint barely separated entirely from the front, very largo and globose, a little longer than broad by rea.sf.r if a broad bulbous protrusion of the anterior extremitv, which, however, is not clearly apparent ii\ all the speci- mens by their mode of preservation : in one specimen the upper anterior extremity, and that only, is covered with rather long and close bristly hairs, forming an open tuft. Abilomen nearly circular, a little longer than broad, oidy a little larger than the ce))halotliora\ and of a lighter color than it, with a darker, broad, median patch not so deej) in t'nt as the cephalothorax. Legs short, .stout, tapering, spinous, and hairv throughout, of not greatly un((|nal length, the femora very stout and tapering more lapidly near the tip than elsewhere. Length of l)ody. lift"'"'; width of same, 3""": length of cephalothorax, ;)..^'""'; of abdomen. ;;.2.")""" : longer diameter of last joint of palpi, 1.4""": length of first paii' of legs. l;i.75""" ; its coxa. 1.1""": feumr, 3.1"""; tibia, 1""" : tirst tarsal joint, con.solidated with the til)ia, 2.75""" : the tarsus proper, r>""": length of second pair of legs, 11..'. ; its i-oxa, 1.5""'; femur, 2.7""" ; tibia, r ; first tarsal joint, 2.3'""' ; tarsus pioper, I""": length of third p.iir AKACHNIDKS— AHANKIDKS— OHHJTELAKl.E. 81 of legs, 7.25'"'" ; its coxa, 0.7a""" ; fenuir, 2""" ; tibia, O.M'""' ; first tarsal joint, 1 3"""; tarsus proper, 2.4'"'" ; lf Epeira. Cephiilic dintiiictly separatpil fri>iii the tlKHacii- pnrf of llii> m-phalotlioriix. I.iirKi' Hpi'iicn; front of crpliiilotliorax cxiiHi'il In the in:il(i 1. /■'. mrekii. Small Hpi'iiei,; fi out of .iplialollior.ix iijjiilaily convex in thn iniiln 'i, li. nbwoniita. t't'plialic and llioiacii' poition of tht> ci'plialotliorax coiiiplrtoly liliinliil. AInloiiiiii narrow 111 in front .iiid lii^hiinl. AlidoMi-'ii ilistiiKtly ovati' 3. A", delilit. Front of alidonu'i! i|iiiiilriilo, asliro.i.l an in tin- niiddli" t. E. vinefncUi. Alidoinen nearly {{lobular. Lar;;iM «p«;i; .s; alicliiniMi niiialli'i than ( rphalothiira.\ ."i. /•'. rucanalii. Snialli r xpecicH ; alid iini'n lar({i'r than <«'plialothora\ ♦>. £. emertoni. M it AKAOUJJIUES— AKANKII)K-8— OUHITBLAUlJi. 83 1. Ei'KiuA mki;kii. PI. 11, FigM. L' ( 9 ), 17 ( ■, ,f 3""", ? 4.-J"'"' ; length of tirst 84 TKKTIAUY 1N«1. Meek, nineli of wlntse paleontolo<>s and esjxM'ially much lonji'er hind lej^s ; the disprojjurtion of size between the cephalofhorax and abdomen is also <,''reater. Flori.ssant. Three s[>e(imens; two ', Nos. 11211, 8221, ono ?, No. 3204. 2. Kri;il{.\ .Mi.SCONDITA. ri. 11. Fiji'. 7(,n. Mdlf. — C'ephalothorax subrotund, the cepIiaMc |»ortion hemispherical, almost lilack. abunt half the sizf of the tlxiracic part and separated from it in fill" iiticrai outline b\ a distiiict incision; front broadly and regularlv rounded; thoracic portion with well rounded sides, the ini-raved, so that the\ ;ire more perfect than wouhl there appear. The foiu'th pair, though not completeU pie.->er\ cd, is apparently longer than tiie second, as the basal joints aie longer. [.ength of body, I.2.V : of cephalothoiax. 2"""; of ,ii)domen, 2.25 '; widthof same, 1.8' : length oj' lirsi p.air of legs, 1 1.25 ; tiiiia', ."i : t.n-si. 4.i; ; second pair of legs, ;i, 75""": tibi.c, 2.5 ; tarsi, ;i.l""" ; third piiir of AUACIINIDES— AUANKIDliS— OHHITKLAKl.i:. 85 hi^a (broken), 5.5""" ; fourtli jKiir of lejifs (l>rokeu), 8"'"' : of |)art previous to tiltifi, ;V2"""; (Uaim'for of piilpi, 0.45"'"'. This species dirt'crs from K. ineekii in size, in the shape of the eephahi- thorax, the stouter femora, and more sparsely armed tibiie. Florissant. One /, No. 758a. a. EpEIRA DELITA. IM. 11, Fit;. 6(5?). Oeplialotliorax rounded obovate, the cephalic and thoracic portions completely blended, the sides uniforndy rounded, the front very convex, witli no eyes that can be seen ; neither are the palpi preserved, the part (ignre«l between the front lej^s having- no relation to the spider ; it is judged to be a male from tlu; small size of the abdomen which is ovate, no larger than thecephalothorax, largest in front of the middle, but here slightly narrower thfin the cej)halothorax, tapering slightly behind, and well roinided at the extremity. The legs have very stout femora, those of the front pair taper- ing in the middle, and both femora and tibia- and even the basal part of the tarsi, but especially the tibia', armed with very long, very distant, delicate, divergent spinules considerably longer than, sometimes almo.st twice as long as, the width of the tibia- ; the basal joint of the tiliite tapers perceptildy. The second pair of legs is represented too long in the plate, though it is unusually long, not greatly falling behind the iirst i)air and exceeding the fourth in length nearly as nuich as that exceeds the third pair. Length of body, 4,75"'"' ; of cephalothorax, 2.25"'"' ; width of same, 2™"'; length of abdomen. 2.,'")'""^ ; of first jiair of legs, 11.;")"""; tibia-, o.5"'"' ; tarsi, 5"""; .second ))au- of legs, il.8'"'" : tibia-, 3.25"""; tar.si, 4.2"""; third })air of legs, 7.5"'"' ; tibia-, 2'"'" : tarsi, 2.5'""' ; fourth i)air of leg.s, !•'"'" : tibia-, 2.2.5"'"'; tarsi, 3.75""". This species agrees w(-ll with E. abscondita in size, but is readily dis- tinguished lioth from it and from. E. meekii in the uniform character of the cephalothorax and the relative length of the legs. Florissant. One f. No. 13523. 4. Epeira cinefacta. PI. 11, Viji. U>(i). Male. — Cephalothorax globose, l)lackish, the dividing line between it and the abdomen concealed by the overhanging (piatlrate front of the H(> TKHTIARY INSKCns OK NOKTM AMKUIdA. Jilt(l<»iiu'n, find the ceplmlic iind thoracii; portions completely blended ; possi- l)lv it is slijrhtly lonj^er tliim broad. The eyes eiin iu)t be innde out; the terniiii;il joint of the palpi (as preserved, sessile) is moderately liir^fe. <;lobidar or sli^lillv ovate, blaek, but none of the internal strnetnre can be made out. AlKJonien sulxpiadrate, taperin;; ver\ sli<>htly from in tVoni bjickwio-d. the front stnii^lit with well rounded lateral anjilcs, the posterior extremity well rouiideil, the whole nearly twice as lonj; as broad, the sides nesnly straij^ht. Lcji's (dosely resembling'' those of K. dcdita, the second p.iir lieiiifj^ unusually loiii,'-, but v'vcn inor«' tluiu in that species exceeding; proportionally the extent of tlie fourth pair : the fcmorii ai"c only moderatcdy sfoui, ,uid, like rhe tibia', tli(»njih.to a less extent, are furnished with dedicate spinules, less divergent but more abinidant than usual, exceediui; in leni^tli the width of the tibia-. Leujfth of Itody, ,">""" ; width of cephidothoriix. I' ; lenii'th of abdomen, •J.-jrr"": its width anteriorly. Lfio""": posti'ri.u-ly, l.-J"""; diimieter of last j)alpal 'oint, 0.3.')"""; lenjrth of first pair of le;-'s, !i ; til)ia', •_'.!!"'"'; tarsi, 4"'"': s cond pair of leffs, 8"'"' : til)ia', -.M"'"' : tarsi, .'!,')""" : tliird pair of h'frs. 4.S.-)'""'; tiltia', l..'V""': tarsi. lM : fourth pjiir of lens. fi. '»"'"' : tibia', l*"'"' : tarsi, 2.5"'"'. This species diHers from all others of the <>'(Mms here described in the shape of tile al)doiuen. whicii is cjon^^'ate. and tiie sides of which are not rountled but >ul>p:o'allel. In the chai'acleristics of the le^i's, however, it re- seuddes flie precediuf"-. .\ sln;.de n\i]v. represeute I bv l)otli obxcrse and reverse, is lietter preserved than the ti«iure in tlie pliite would indiciite, as the form of the wliole alidomeii can lie seen ns wtdl as of the last palpal joint. The (i}4in'e morevei' indicate- the -.ii.ipe ut the IkmK altofictlier wrou^lv. as tilt; ceph:duth<>ra\ >hin'euieiits show. Florissant. < >ue •. No. s.'iTC :ind s.sdii. ."l. Mil IK \ Vri < ANAI.IS. Mull. — < "ephalotliMi;i\ neai'lv i^lubuiar, scarceK louiri'i' than liro.td, the cepiialic and thoracic pMrtimis cumpleteK lileiided. luit marked 1»\ a large semicircular deiiressioii .iiiterinrK, uccupviiiL; a little more tliaii the Iroiit. i. e.. encroachinji' iipiai the lateral mar;:in. and i>\' •\ darker bi'own than the thfinwic portion, I''iiiiit somewhat coii\ex, with insutlicient trace of eves < 'ludicf'res stout, as loiij;' as the cephalic portion of the corselet, t.'ipeiin^r, bluntl\ rounded at the tip. Last joint of palpi very large, nearly ns large AKACIINIDKS— AHANKIDKS— ORHITI'ILAKM:. S'i HH the ceplmlif part of th« corselet, blackiHli, globular, its proximal ttiul as preserved lying just beyond the tip (•♦' the clieliceres, tlio stalk not pro- served. Abdomen llglitor colored than the cephalnthornx, smaller than it, Hubu^lobular, a little tlattened at base, with a pair of lUibdorsal series of black points in a slightly curving row, its convexity c itward ; the anal plate darker, circular, not half so large as the apical joint of palpi, (..egs long, of very une(iual length, the femur nuu'h stouter than the ta|)ering part < beyond, furnished rather abundantly witii diverging spiiu's noarl)- to the tip. J.ength of body, .'5..')""" ; of cephahtMiorax, l.V""" ; of iil.donu'ii, 1."."""; of cephalic jtortion of cor.selet, 0.6"""; ot cheliceres, O.GT)""" ; breadth of ce})lialothorax, 1 fi""" ; of abdomen, 1. (>"""; diameter of palpal swelling, 0.G5"""; length of first i»air of legs, 7.25"'"' ; femora, 2""" ; til»ia', 2""" ; tarsi, 3.2.')"""; .second pair of legs, 6"'"'; femora, 1.4"""; tilla', 2"'"': tar.si, 2.6"""; third pair of legs, 2.!)"""; tarsi, 1.4'"'"; fourth pair < f legs, 4.7'"'": femora, 1.65"""; tibirts 1.25"'"'; tarsi, 1.8'"'". This sj)ecies resembles E. emertoni in general aspect, but is much larger than it, and differs from it in several important points, such as the rotundity and especially tiie much greater size of the cephalothorax as compared with the abdomen, and the greater stoutne-ss of the femora. Florissant. One bose, a little longer than broad, the cephalic only distinguished from the thMiiicic portion by a slight bend in the curved outline; front well rounded with no sigu of eves; last joint of palpi blacki.sh, very large, ghdiulnr, mor<' than hall' ms liirge as the cejdialic portion of the cephalothorax, nearly twice iis liniad as the length of the basal joints, containing a falcate ribbon of shMiderand uniform width, nearly as long as the diameter of the jr»iiit, bent iif its distal edge, bluntly pointed at the tip, which is situated near the middle. Abdomen light brown, g](sbular, slightly larger than the ce|tlialothorax. I.egs moderately long, rather sparsely haired, the femora tolerably stout and furnislMd witli dis- tant, slender, divergent spinules, hard'y so long itn Hie width of the joint, and which also a})pear in one or two places only on the tibia-. Female. — Cephalothorax bhck, globular, with no sign of distiticfion between tiie cephalic and thoracic portions ; neither eye« nor palpi are pre- 88 TKUTIAia INSKCTS Ol" NOKTII A.MKKICA. U'i scivctl. AImIoiiicii iliirk linnvii, rspt riiilly in ii very liioiid niciliini hiitid oc('U|tviii<,'' fully liiiHtlH' widtli ol'ilic dorsiil iispi-ct, slu)rt ovjiic, iiciirly Imlt' its Itroiiil a^j'iiiii IIS the fi-plialntliortix, tiiiil only jilioiit oiic-tliiril iis lon;^' ii<;;!iin at ln'oad. I.('<:s )i|»|iiii»'ntly fJitluT short (tlu'V iin- not well picscrvt'd anil mostly ln'nt iu'iu-atli tlu'liody), sparsi'ly liain'd. with slijiht tracr oi" spinulcs. Lt'Tif-th ot'l> .dy. ■•_'.-.»5 , ,3.7'.""": of n-phalothorax, M""", 1.35"""; width oi>nm', •».! 1.;'.'""'; Ii'ii-rth of liidoincn, ' 1.25"'"'. , •_>.4'""'; width of sanio, ' 1'"'". I.s ; dianii'tiT of last palpal joint, ' 0.;{5'""' ; h-Uffth of first pair of h'}.'s, ' J. (;."»""". , 3. -J')'"'" '.plus tarsi); til.ia-. ' 1.5""", , I""": tarsi. ' I.T.V'"": of si'cond pair of h'i;.s, ' 4.-_' ', , 2 (i'"'" (plus tarsi); tihia'. ' 1,3"'"', , 0.8"""; tarsi. ' 1.7."i'"'"; of tliird pairoflc^rs. ^ ■_>""" ; of fourth pair of U'frs, ' ;!.•_':.'"'". It is possililr of toiirst' that this ' and ; do not liclonj.^ to;;i-tlii'r, in wliich casi' tlir niali^ as tin- most perfectly prescrvi'd should be considered the type 'f the species. It is smaller than any other of the species nlerred here fo Kp ira, exceptinj,' perhaps the one to wliich no name is o;iven, and it differs from all in the ;;lol)ular or nearly <^lol»ular form of the cephalo- thora.\ as well as in other characteristics, as will appe;ir on coinparin"^- the desrriptions. The species is named for Mr. .1. II. Kinerton, whose papers on North Ameriran .\rachnida' have l)een tif nnich assistance to the writer. Florissant. One ', one ,, No.s. H77V, 5117. A sinirle specimen, ajjjiarently a female, which is also provisionally referred to this species, is consideralily smaller than thoother female and has more deiisidy hairy lejis (almost the only parts preserved), the len;j;ths of which are as tollows: first pair, .'l 5"'"' : second pair, .'i.:.'5""" ; third pair, 1.7' : fourth jiair. ;'..•_'.')""". Klori.ssant. (hie . No. 10!H)H. Ml'KIliA sp. . IM. II, Ki^'. I. A siiiffle specimen, fi;i:ured in IM. II, Fij^-. 1, is tlie only representative of a species apparently of Kj)eira, certainly distinct from the others, hut too poorlv jtreserved to indicate more. The outlines of the hodv are almost altn;i('tli,''r (dditerated, and it can onlv l»e said that it is one of the smallest speciert, liein;^ lar;;er only than the smallest specimen referred to E. emer- toni, hut (dearly distinct from that in the much "greater .stoutness of the femora, whiidi are indeed unusually robust, and the length of the third pair AKAJMINlMKS—AKANKlDKrt— OHlllTKI-AUI.K. 85) of logH, which uj>|MMir iicurly to t'nual tho fourth. It, is ini|)owHil»h' to miy to wliiU Hi'x it lK'lonj{H. Lcufrtli of lii-Ml piiir of k'jfs, 5.r)""" ; of third pair, 7"""; til)ia. tar«i, 2h""" ; of fcmoni and tiltia (»i fourth pair, \ h-ntrtii of its tibia, •-*" I'l onssa lit. No. O-JSo. KpKIRA S]). widtli of its teiuora. 0.7" Several spocimtMis roprcseut 1o},^h of tlio .sanio or allied spoiMos of spidor of about tho Hi/,(; of Rpoira riparia Ileiitz; tho foinora and tibijo and tiio .si(le.s of tlio tarsi aro abiinihnitlv supplied with loMi>'itudiua] rows of fine, lonjr, (thick sjiiuos, tlio rhuv double, .\notlier ))ro.>i'rves the Kpuies alone of tl le sanii; soi t ofl otr. i.curjth of t.-mora, 7'""' ; of tibire, 7.75""" ; of tarsi, .'..J.V'"" ; of ehiw, 0.3"""; of spiiK-.s, O.To" Greo LMi uiver W voininjr. »os. .>, 4\ :\Cu 41911, 42(»0. Epeira sp. Still another, from the same locality m the last, .shows the hairy, sub- fusiform, ovate body of n spider apparently a little sniallor than the above. Lenj,4h of abdomen, 4.5'""'; breadth of saiur. 1.8'""'. (fifon River, Wyomiiij/. No. 6.i. Nki'HILA Leach. This intereatintr tropical genus has never before been found fossil, and altliour, of moderate size, less than one-fourth the width of the terminal joint of the palpns, and placed rather nearer the middle line than the outer edge of tho body. Palpi stout, not very long, bluntly rounded at tip and extendiii;>; in s^ \^ ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A ss 1.0 I.I 14^ ■2^ 12.5 :!f 1^ 12.0 18 1.25 1.4 III ^ 4 6" ► ^ <^ /] / % '7 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 sj \ :\ \ "^ V o^ >> .* oyond the front of hndy, 2"""; length of first pair of legs, 26""™; first tarsal joint, 8.25"'"': second joint, 2.25""'; of hair-tuft, 3.5-;i.75"""; second pair of legs, 2.H""": first tarsal joint, 7,25"'"'; second joint, 2.25'""; of hair- tuft, 2.5'""'; third pair of legs, l.-io'""; first tarsal joint, 4.5™"'; second joint, 1.5"'"': fourth pair of legs, 2.'?'""': first tarsal joint, 7'"'": seccmd joint. 2'""'; of hair-tuft. 4..5"'"'; diameter of eves, (►.12'""'. The general res(;mblanco .»f this spider to Nephila plumipes Koch of our southern Atlantic seu-boaid, familiar to us bv the researches of Wilder, will strike every American naturalist at a glance. It is, however, a much smaller species, if the fossil be fully grown, and difi*ers from it in some striking points, very probal)ly of generic importance. The eyes differ con siderably. although the p«»sition of oily two of those of the fossil species is known; the cor.selet is scpuinn- in t'le fossil, and per contra the abdomen is oval and not quadrate; while the tarsi are unusually long in i)roportion to the whole leg; the tufts of hairs occur otdy on the extremity of the tibise. Nephila is essentially a tropical genus. Florissant One ? , No. 11651. NEUKOFTKHA. 91 Using this tern in its large sense, as. for convenience, we have done here, there is no group oi" fossil insects more interesting. In no other, unless it be the cockroaches among Orthoptera, do we find a considerable representation in all the rocks wJiicli have yielded fossil remains Still the time has, perhaps, not yet come for a careful historical survey of the group, since we are annually receiving large additions to our knowledge of the extinct types, and a considerable number of those known have been insuffi- ciently studied. Such a study, too, belongs essentially to the student of the older types, and would be less appropriate here, for it mp.y certainly be stated with confidence that the types of existing Neuroptera were thor- oughly established at the beginning of the Tertiaries. With a single excep- tion, Ballostoma, no large group existed then and has since expired, nor is there a single existing type of any prominence wliich has not been found in the Tertiaries, unless we look upon the aberrant and until lately hardly known Scolopendrella as belongirig here. Yat a large proportion of the genera of Tertiary Neuroptera are extinct ; that is, differentiation has gone on with the lapse f>f time, until the original characteristic features of an early group have been lost and new ones taken their place, and no species referred to in the following j)rtges exists at ,he present timo. The differ- ences between the Tertiary and existinjr forms are never verv ijreat, usually rather small, but they are constant and everywhere found. The number of known Tertiary Nerroptei " is considerable. For the sake of graphic comparison T have presenter' ...o fjicts as far as possible in the following table, where, in the European columns, the numbers at the right are tlie real total, the otiiers representing those known from the rocks alone (excluding the amber) for the sak(^ of comparing more fairly the yield of the fiUropean and American rock.s. Tlie numl)ers on the American side rejjresent with a single exception (Phryganea hy)ierl)orea from (li'eenland) the result of my own studies only, and therefore the ntunei'ical estimate is presumably more correct than in the European; in the latter I have endeavored to give a fair statement of the numbers, including a con.sidera- ble proportion of mere indications, the value of which h.ad to be weighed, sometimes in a somewhat summary manner. 92 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOItT'I AMERICA. Tabular ttatemeni of the known tperien of Ttrliari) yeuropUra. BulloHtoma LepiHiiiiitidiR (Cinara) .. Poduridif (CoUeiubola) . Tbysanura Teruiitina Embiilina Psocina Perliua Epbeuierioa Agrionidip Calopterygidie A);riouina (ioDiphidie ^81'bniiliL' .Eschnina Cordalidif Libelliilidiii Libellalina Odoiittta Sialidic Kupbidiiiltv Siulina Hemcrobidi(i ChryHopidm Hemerobina A JCiilapbina Myrmeleontina CuuiopteiyKidii- Paiiorpidu! Planipennia Hydroptilidn- Rbyacopbilidii- Hydro psyohidic Leptocer.da; Spricostt iiida* himDopbi:'dii' Phryganidip Tricboptera lotal Kiin)|H)uii. Aiiicri- '•""• Kxtl. 1ml. amber. ] amber. AtiuTi- t'liii. 8 9 1 8 lO 3 2 4 9 * (» !i 1 15 1 *ir 4 4 •i 4 6 II •i II 17 •2 f2 4 t5 18 10 2 1 s H 8 a 1 1 4 2 2 Hi fi 4 :< Kiiriipoaii. K\c\. I Incl. amber. < amber. 10 2 I SI lO s 15 IT 11 12 25 10 1 1 34 28 16 1 1< 11 7 ;«» 19 •>.{ .'.9 40 174 nrand total. 237. * Thla nnmlier !■ largely made op of larra'. which may be the ume a* Rome of the ImaKoa. t locliiiliiiE Urral raset. NEUKOPTRRA. 93 This table brings to light some curious discordances when the species from the American and European rocks are compared. This indeed is marked in every instance where the numbers are considerable on either side, •excepting in the Termitina, where we have six American to ten tjuropean species. Europe shows a decided .superiority in the Odonata, where thirty- four species are offset by only eleven species in America ; and it is not a little curious (though not unexpected, considering the nature of the deposit) that it is here only that the amber fauna adds scarcely at all to the B^uropean preponderance. The American Thysanura find no counterpart in the European rocks, though the amber fauna counts no less than twenty- eight species, while the American representatives of the Ephemerina (six species), the Planipennia (twelve species), and the Trichoptera (twenty-five species) far outweigh the European examples, Ephemerina (one species), Planipennia (six .species), Trichoptera (seven species). This American preponderance is in every instance counterbalanced when the total Tertiary yield of Europe is brought to view, the Ephemerina showing seven species, the Planipennia nineteen species, and the Trichoptera forty sjiecies. If the smaller groups are considered, there are some closer correspond- ences, as when we find eight species of American Agrionina to ten in the Euro- pean rocks, two American to one European Henierobidaj and Panorpid*, two American to two European Limnophilidaj, and four American to five Euro- pean Phryganidje. The discrepancies, however, are not less marked, for we find of groups unrepresented in European rocks four species each of Raphiaiidiv and Chrysopida", seventeen of Hydropsychidaj, and two of Leptooeridte in American strata, which in the first two instances are hardly or not at all represented in amber. On the other hand, the European rocks show species of Calopterygidtc (one), Goniphidtw (three), Cordulidae (two), Sialidtxi (one), Ascalaphina (two), and Myrmeleontidse (one), where the American rocks are wholly destitute. On the whole, the European rocks, as compared with the American, are rich in Odonata and j)Oor in Ephemerina, Planipennia, and Trichoptera. Wiiile, if the entire Tertiary yield of Europe is considered, America nowhere shows a considerable pre- ponderance of forms excepting in tho small j)lanipennian groups of Raphi- diidiv and Cln y«opida', while Europe has a very striking preponderance in Thysanura, Psocina, Perlijia, j^Eschnina, Libellulina, and Hemerobidic, having in none of these cases less than four times as many species as America. (February, 1884.) 94 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 'K Order THY8ANTJRA LatreiUe. All we have hitherto known of fossil 'rhvsanura has been derived from inclusions in amber/ of which about eighteen species of six or seven genera of Lepisniatidiv and ten species of four genera of Poduridse are known ; among them are some very remarkable forms. Florissant has yielded two species of this gn>up, the first that have been found in rock deposits, and one of them in considerable numbers, representing a species of exceptional interest. Suborder BALLOSTOMA Scudder. For characters see under the single species, at the end. PLAN0CEFHALU8 Scudder. PlANOCEPHALUS ASELL01DE8. (See tlgurus in text below.) Plaiioeephaliia imelloidet Scndd., Mem. Nut. Acail. Sciences, III, KVOO FigH. (I8H5); in Zittel, Handb. Pnlu^ont., I, ii, 77^, Fig. 97'2 (lH6i>)) Bertk., SitzungHb. niuderrh. (ieselUcli. Xatnr. u. Heilk., IH-if), 1298 (lB8o). Among the remains of animals in my hands found in the ancient lake basin of Florissant are about forty specimens of an onisciform arthropod, about a centimeter in length, whose affinities h.ive provett very perplexing. This does not result from poorness of preservation, for an>nng the numerous specimens apparently all the prominent external features are found com- ])letely jjreserved, and even the course of some of the internal organs may occasionally be traced ; but it presents such anomalies of structure that we are at a loss where to look for its nearest kin. It appears to be an aquatic animal. Its body consists of three large subequal thoracic joints, and an abdomen about half as large again as any one of them, with occasional indications of a feeble division into four seg- ments. These are the only jointed divisions that can be found in the body, there being no distinct head. The thoracic segments are so considered because each bears a j)aiv of legs, which occur nowhere else. Their dorsal plates are large, flat longitudinally, and arched transversely, smooth, and deeply and narrowly notched in the middle of the front margin. The first plate, in which the median notch is more conspicuous and open than in the ' Siiion tbiN was written Bmngniart liati il«Bcril>ed a species from the Carboniferous deposits of ( 'iinniientr;;, France. NEUBOPTBBA— THY8AN URA — B ALL08T0M A. 95 others, albo narrows and becomes more arched in front, so us to form a sort of hood. The legs are very broad and compressed, usid adapted to swim- ming, which was apparently their use, as there would be no need of such comi)ression to crawl into chinks when the body is so much arched. They consist of a femur, tibia, and two tarsal joints, termiiuitod by a single curved claw. The femur is very large, subovate, inserted (presumably by a coxa) in large cavities, those of opposite sides separated by their own width, and situated a little behind the middle of each segment. The tibia is also verv large and subovate, but more elongated and squarer at the ends, being about twice as long as broad, and fringed on the anterior edge by a row of delicate hairs as long as the width of the joint. Of the two tarsal joints, the FlK.8. Fig. 1, dnnat view j Tig. 2, lateral v1«w: Flj. 3. trannvcriiu sectional viow of Pluuo oephaliiH axelloiilea from the OliKuoeneof Flori»iinnt. Colorado, restored, and maKnifled about six diameters. r-K. I. basal is a little the larger, being both longer and stouter. Eaah is armed at the tip internally with a tolerably stout spine of moderate length, and together they are a little longer than the tibia, much slenderer, and quad- rate in form. The terminal claw is about half as long as the terminal joint. The hind legs are somewhat stouter and the middle pair a little shorter than the others ; but otherwise they closely resemble each other. The different segments of the thorax, as stated, are protected above by the development of distinct chitinous plates, the lower edges of which are clearly marked, and extend downward to the concealment, on a side view, of the lower part of the body. The abdomen, however, seems tcf have no such specialization of the integument of the upper surface. It Is stout, apparently well rounded transversely, and tapers to a produced but blunt tip, which is armed with a pair of slightly recurved stout claws, two or ( 9i 96 TRKTIAUY IN8K(!TS OF NORTH AMERICA. tlu'ee times u« loiiff us tho lej>-r-law», urranged as if to (Iraj; tlm hoily back- ward. The abdomen is faintly divided into four segments, often entirely obscured. Of these the terminal usually appears shorter than. the others, which are subequal. These divisions of the body are all that appear to have belonged to the animal; and it is the most remarkable fact in its organization that it cer- tainly had no distinct chitinous head. This is tho more surprising from the clearness with whici; tho thoracic segments are marked. All that one can find preserved is what appears to bo a ring of buccal plates terminating anteriorly the alimentary caiud, and which was evidently capable of being thrust forward a long distance beyond the body. If it were not for the unusual preservation of the alii.ientary canal we should be forced to con- sider tho head as lost from all the specimens, notwithstanding the nearly |»erfect preservation of tho other parts ; but in several specimens tho ali- mentary tul)o can be traced with ease half th.ough the body, terminating in front in these more or less clearly ))re8erved chitinous plates, arranged to form 51 circle a little smaller than tho coxal cavities. What is most remark- able is tlij e.xtension of this alimentary tube and accompanying buccal plates like a proboscis far beyond the limits of the body; sometimes forward (apparently through the anterior not(;h) to a dit-tance in front of the first segment equal to half the length of the latter; more often directed down- ward as well as outward, perhaps between the front legs, and occasionally e.xtending beyond the body to nearly or quite fhr rntire hitf/tli of the same. It seems to leave its din ct course within the body at about the middle of the fir.st thoracic segment, directly in front of which position the buccal }ilates appear in oko or two specimens, apparently in the position ofrepo.se. The vjirious positions in which these buccal plates are foinid outside the body, both when their connection with the tube is traceable and when it is obscure or fails, shows how perfectly movable » proboscis the creature pos- sessed. The external parts of the head, then, may be said to have been probably conqtosed entirely «)f a flexible, extensilde nu>mbrane capable of protrusion as a fleshy proboscis, si-parated by no line t>f demarkation from the first thoracic seginent, and bi-aring as appendages only a series of buccal plates for mouth-parts, and beyond this nothing — neither cranium, eyes, antennse, nor palpi. In the absence of eyes, one would natnralh look for the deveiinted legs to a single pair on eacli thoracic segment seems to lead one strongly to the conviction that tiiese important elements of its con.struction place it among insects. The structure of the legs and the snuill tapering ab(h>men furnished with small anal !i|)pendages tend to the same coiu-lusion. Where among insects it should be placed is more (piestionable. Think- ing it possibly a larval form, carefid search has been made among all the groups into whicli it could by any possibility be presumed to fall, viz, among the Neuroptera and Coleoptera, but nothing in the slightest degree seeming to l)e related to it could be found, and its conspicuous size reiulered it the less probable that a kindred forni would l)e overlooked On account, how- ever, of its apterous character, and the disc(»v(!ry in recent years of certain curious types of animals (all of them, however, very minute), whose affini- ties have provoked more than usual discussion, my attention was early drawn toward certain resemblances wiiich IManocephalus bears to the I'au- ropida among Myriapotls and to tlu* Thysanura, and here, if anywhere, its affinities .seem likely to be found. Its passing resemblance to the ol)tected forms of Pauropoda which Kyder has published under the name of Enrypauropodida' is certainly very considerable, especially when it is remembered that the young of I'auropoda bear oidy three pairs of legs. The position of the more mobile part of the head (»f Knrypauropus beneath the cephalic shield is the same that the head of Planocephalus bears to the first thoracic shield ; and the mouth parts iu I ■ ^! il NEUUOPTKRA— THY8ANDRA— BALLOSTOMA. 99 both are confined to »i Honiowhat Hunilar circular area ; there are no eyes in either, and the logs terniinato in u Hinj^'le cnrved claw. On the other hand, not only are antonnic of a highly organised character developed in Panropoda, hut the upper portion of the head carrieH a cephalic shield H» large and conspiciiouH as the others ; two pairs of logs are de- veloped in the adult on every or nearly every segment of the body, and always on the abdominal to the same extent as on the thoracic segments, no abdomen being distinct from a thorax as in IManocophalus, but all the joints of the body entirely similar; the legs of the Pauropoda are formed on the myriapodal type, consisting of cylindrical undift'erontiated joints, while those of Planocephalus are hexapodal in character, having a clearly defined femur and tibia, and a two-jointed tarsus conspicuously smaller and shorter than the preceding joints, of different form and apically spined. The closer, therefore, we compare these two types the less important seem the points of resemblance and the more important the points of diverg- ence between them ; for in the clear distinction of the thorax and abdomen, the absence of abdominal legs, and the structure of the legs themselves — fundamental features of its organization — Planocephalus clearly belongs to the true hexapod type of insects. Its probable reference to the Thysanura may be defended on both negative and positive grounds. There is no other group of hexapods to which it could be considered as more likely to belong, and there are some special thysanuran features in its structure, anomalous as it is. Since Packard has shown the reasonableness of placing the Symphyla (=:Scolo- peadrella) of Ryder in the Thysanura, with the Collembola and Cinura as coordinate groups, the range of the Thysanura has been extended, and as a group of equivalent taxonomic value to the larg(M' divisions of winged insects it has seemed itself to gain a better ratio vivendi. It is not necessary, therefore, in considering the relations of Planocephalus to Thy.sanura as a whole, to limit ourselves to points of comparison which it may have to one or another of its subordinate groups, but consider any points of resemblance we may find to any of these groups indifferently. The thoracic segments remind us not a little of some Cinura, while the abdomen as a whole recalls many of the Collembola, its approximated pair of specialized anal append- ages being also like the variously developed organs of all Thysanura, and unlike anything we can recall in any myriapod. The legs, in the develop- 100 TEBTIAUY IN8KCT8 UF NOltTU AMEUIUA. i' munt uf tii» basnl joiiitH and in tlio Hiimllor double-jointed tnrHUH, are clottely related to tliuHe of >>onie Cinura — huilt indeed upon the Hanie general pattern, excepting that in IManorephaluH they are Hpeeially developed for Hwinnning. In the claw of our i'itm] geniiH we have Honiething decidedly thyHanuriforni. We have heretofore Hpoken of the tw«) tarHal jointn an each armed api(;ally with an interior Hpine, hut that of the Hnal joint ariHeH from the haHe of the curving claw, and taktm on more or leHH \t» direction, though only half att long a8 it, cauHing it to rerteml>le very closely the HUialler digit of the claw of both CoUembola and Cinuia, which in always inferior to the larger, and not infretpiently, as in liCpidocyrtUH, etc., straight instead of curved Of course, the rudimentary character of the head and the entire <)l)liter- atiou of the cephalic |)lates render our fossil very distinct from any known type of Thysanura. Hut these features separate it (piite as widely fnun any other group that may be suggested for it, and, taking into account the con- siderable devehipment of the thoracic portions, we must look upon I'lano- cephalus as in some sense a lowly form, descended from a type in whirli the head was developed at least to some extent, and this renders it more probable that we have liere found its |)roper place. Moreover when we ex- amine the mouth-parts of I'odura, we find them partially withdrawn within the head, reduced in external presentiition to a small circle at the end of a conical protrusion «)f the under siUe of the head. Take away the cephalic plates, withdruw^he mouth-parts to the same protection of the first thoracic segment which they now enjoy under the cephalic dome, imagiiu; fur- ther that the mouth-parts coidd bo protruded to their original [x^sition when covered by a cephalic shield, and we have about the same condition of things we find in Planocephalus ; indeed the extensibility of the mouth- parts beyond the thoracic shield seems quite what one might expect after the loss of the hard parts of the head ; and the mouth-parts of Planocepha- lus l)ear nnu-h the same relative position to the first thoracic shield which those of Podura bear to the cephalic shield. Assun)iiig, then, that Planocephalus is a true hexapod, its general rela- tions are cerfainly with the Thysanura rather than with any other grouj) ; while the character of the legs, the half developed double claw, sind the anal appendages specialized to peculiar use are characters which are posi- tively thysanuran. Add to this that we find in Podura something in a remote degree analogous to the extraordinary mouth-parts of Planocephalus, ' fi NKUROrrKBA— TllYHANUItA— HALIiOSTOMA. 101 whh^h we Hhniild in vain Hoek elnowlioro, iind tho prolmbility thnt wo find huro itH noiiroHt, nilioH iH rundonid very Htronff, iind tlie nioro mo from tlio divornity of form and typo in tluH grcmp Hun-ii the addition to it of .S(u»lo- pendrella. The diHcovory of ii collophoru or Homething honiologouH to it would, wo conceive, ho dociHivo on tho point ; but tho Intenvl proHorviition of nearly all tho HpocimotiH of thitt foHHil, and the obRcurity of tho bane of the abdomen in nearly all, not oidy forbid itH determination in thone yet found, but render it doubtful if it will over be discovered. Tlio position of this group among the Thysanura nuiHtbe an independ- ent one botwoeii the Cinura and tho Symphyla and of an ecpiivalont value to them. For such a group the name of Ballostoma is proposed, in reference to the remarkable power possessed of thrusting forward the gullet and mouth- parts. It would be characterized by the peculiarity named, by the lack of any chitinous frame-work of the head, the equal development of three thoracic segments developed dorsally as shields, and all separated from a cylindrical abdomen, which is armed at tip with a pair of hooks for crawl- ing; legs largely developed and with expanded and flattened femora and tibirc, the tarsi two-jointed. The principal points toward which attention should bo directed for the more perfect elucidation of its structure are the buccal plates and a possible collophore. Bertkau compares Planocephalus with an insect from the brown coal of Rott, Rhenish Prussia, described by Heyden as a mite under the name Limnochares antiquus. This Bertkau regards as a larval Cl^algulid, one of the Hemiptera, and he believes Planocephalus something similar ; but he does not seem to me to justify this latter view, and the abundance of Pla- nocephalus with tho absence of mature Galgulidjc at Florissant seem an obstacle not easily thrown aside. Ordinary length when extended, 7-8'"" : breadth, 2.5-3""" ; diameter, of mouth-parts, 0.5"'"'. Florissant. Sixty-six specimens, of which the best are Nos. 302, 574, 3508, 5229, 6933, 7907, 9782, 9896, 10551, 12807. m^mmmmm ■a ■!■■! •V, r 102 TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Suborder CINURA Packard. Family LEPISMATID^^ Burmeister. This group has lieretofore been found fossil only in amber, where eighteen species of six or seven genera are known ; but a single species has been found in the shales of Florissant, Colorado. LEPISMA Linnd The species provisionally placed here seems to differ decidedly from known types in the structural characters of the legs, but tlie single speci- men preserved being very imperfect, it is not at present generically distin- guished. In the equality of the caudal setie it is nearest Lepisma, but the legs are very diffei'ont. The femora resemble closely the broad coxje of some species of Lepisma, and would hnve been taken as coxae but for the slender, elongated joint which follows ; one of the legs, too, more perfectly preserved tluin the others, shows the short tarsus following the tibiic, and leaves no room for doubt that the broadly expanded ovate disks on either side of the body represent the femora, to which succeed a slender, rod-like tibia of equal length and of uniform slenderness. The abdomen consists of ten joints, tapering very gently, but at the extremity n)ore rapidly. Two amber species were referred to this genus by Koch and lierendt, one of which wiis tl'ought to be almost identical with Lepisma saccharina, but Menge pointed out that, notwithstanding the resemblance between the two. they differ at almost every point. Tiie group is cosmopolitan. Lepisma pla rvMERA. PI. 12, Fit;. 18- A single specimen in which the head, if preserved, is separated from the body, and tlie grontcr part of the thorax is lost, but the whole of the abdomen with the caudal seta', some of the lateral bristles, and most of the legs are fairly preserved ; the latter do not appear in the figure. The abdomen is slender and ordy slightly tapering, excepting on the last three segment^^, which narrow more rapidly, so that the tip of the a1)domen is about half as broad as its base. The legs are very remarkable for the size and great expansion of the femora and the contrast»ul linear tibiae ; the NBUUOPTERA— TERM ITINA. 103 ieinora are ovate flattened disks, distally aubacuniinate, more than twice as long as broad, as long as (fore and middle femora), or even longer than (hind femora), the width of the base of the abdomen ; the tibia' ai-e as long as the ff'mora and scarcely stouter than the caud.i": setiv, while the tjirsi are scarcely if any slenderer than the tibiae and less than half their length ; a few lateral bristles nearly as long as the width of the abdomen can be seen, indicating that one such projected from either side of each abdominal seg- ment, that borne by the last segment being somewhat longer than the others. The caudal seta; are of nearly equal length, the central slightly longer than the Literal wh.ich divaricate gently, and are nearly if not quite as long as the body. Nothing can be made of the detached head extremity more than its slenderness, it being about half the width of the base of the abdomen Probably the body was fusiform in outline, slender, tapering from the middle of the thorax more rapidly forward than backward. The last abdominal segment is somewhat abruptly truncate. Length of abdomen, 5.5"""' ; breadth at base, 2""" ; at tip, 0.8""° ; proba- ble length of fore and middle femora, 2°"" ; their breadth, 0.8""" ; probable length of hind femora, 3"""; their breadth, O.t)"'"'; length of tibia', l.TS"'""; of tarsi, O.TS'"" (perhaps incomplete) ; length of outer caudal setae, 8""" ; of middle caudal seta, 8.5'""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 1693. Family TERMITINA Stephens. It has generally been supposed that the white ants were present and tolerably well represented in paleozoic rocks, but most of the species which have been referred to this family have been shown by recent researches to belong to the Protoi)hasniida, and the others to various neuropteroid Pala^- odi(!tyoptera. At least half a dozen species are known from the mesozoic rooks, however, most of tiiem coming from the Lias of England, Germany, and Switzerland, the mo.st c(tinmon type being the extinct genus Clathro- termes Heer, peculiar for its numerous, transverse, gently oblique cross- veins in the costal Held and for the diuk, quadrate spots which usually ac- company these and other cros.s-veins. If we are to follow K. Geinitz, the species must have been exceedingly variiible. Two white ants also occur in the oolite of Bavaria, which llagen refers to Termes proper. (1885.) 104 TKIITIARY INSEOTS OF NORTH AMKRI(!A. ! ; m The family of Terniitina is represented in the Tertiarios of Europe by twenty-nine nominal species. Haj^en, liowever, asserts that several of those purporting to come from amber are in reality copal species, and this, with synonyms and species merely nominal, reduces the actual number to sev- enteen. It is doubtful if one of these, T. peccana* Massal, is a Termes at all, and if it is, its position can not be further defined The number may therefore be considered sixteen; besides this, a species has been indicated without name from the English Tertiaries. Of these sixteen, six come from amber, belonging to three genera (Calotermes two species, Termopsis three, and Termes one); six from Radoboj, also of three genera (llodotermes two species, Termes two, and Eutermes two); and three from Oeningen, of two genera (Hodotermes two species, Termes one — the same as found at Radoboj) Besides these there is a Calotermes from Rott, and a Ht)dotermes from Schossnitz The section comprising the genera having a brancherl scanular vein is therefore represented by eleven species (Calotermes three, Termopsis three — from amber only, Hodotermes five), while the section with simple scapular has only five species (Termes three, Eutermes two). The nominal and doubtful species (and, it might be added, most of the synonyms) fall into the latter section, and should doubtless increase it sou'.ewhat. As it stands the first section has two-thirds of the fossil species. Thirteen of these sixteen species are entered iu ilagen's Monographie der Termiten; the others have since been published; and it is noteworthy that of the eighty-foiu" modern species contained in this monograph fifty- five, or nearly two-thirds, belong to the secoiul .'^ection; in other words, only 31 per cent of the Tertiary, but o5 per cent of the recent species, be- long to the second section. The additions to the Tertiary Termite-fauna here made are in entire kee|)ing with these statistics; six species are described, of which four be- long to the first, and two to the s(>cond, section, raising the number of Ter- tiary species to twenty-two, or about one-fourth the number of recent species. Of the.se six speci(^s, three belong to a new extinct genus, apparently peculiar to America, but possibly including .some of the species from the Europe:! n T'ertiaries; another is referred doubtfully, from want of sufficient data, t' llodotermes, which has yielded species from Radoboj, Oeningen, NEUROPTKKA— TERMITINA. 105 and Schossnitz, as well as among modern types; while the other two prob- ably fill] into Eutermes, and are allied to, but considerably smaller than, the species from Radoboj placed with many modern types in the same genus. They are perhaps more nearly allied to, as they certainly agree better in size with, the two species of Termes found living in the neighbor- ing valley of the Fontaine qui Bouille, Calotermes, which has furnished species from amber and the Rlienish basin, Termopsis, which has more fos- sil (auiber) species than recent, and Termes proper, which is represented at Oeningen and Radoboj and in amber and the Rhenish basin, all seem to be wanting in the American Tertiaries. The composition of the white-ant fauna of the ancient Florissant, to which locality the known American fossils are confined, differs considerably from that of the localities known in the Eu- ropean Tertiaries, but resembles that of Radoboj more closely than it does any other^ as will appear from the following table of representation: Firal division. Florissaut. Radoboj. Parotermes iumgiiis. PiirotiTiiiPH liiiKenii. Parotermes fotlinm. Hmloterineii T cnloradensis. HoiIoternicB haidiiiKeri. HoJoteriiuiH procenw. Serond dirininii. Eutermes fnHsnriim. Cutermes lutiadii. Termes prUtinus. EiiteniK'H (iliHciirns. Eutermes croaticns. Out of one hundred and fifty-three specimens of amber white ants ex- amined by Hagen only a single larva, and no soldier, was found ; all other fossil individuals have also been winged specimens; but it is worthy of special remark that in the collection of twenty-six individuals from Floris- sant one is a larva. The scarcity of such forms, whether in amber or lacustrine deposits, is easily explained by the habit of life of these creatures. The very presence of so considerable a number of Tennitina (twenty- six specimens, six species') in the Florissant beds is indicative of a much ' According to Ha(?eii (Liun. Eiit., vol. I'i. p. iU) no locality in the world has yielded more than nine species of livint; types; they so rarely number more than four, that he had formerly indicated this as the limit, so far as known. 106 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. warmer climate formerly than the locality now enjoys. Only three species of white ants, and of these only one belonging' to the section with branched scapular vein, have been recorded from the United States north of the Gulf margin, excepting on the Pacific coast, where one or two more extend as far north as San Francisco. Yet seventeen species in all are recorded from North America by Hagen in 1801, and some have since been added to the list; while his South American list (nearly all from Hrazil) includes thirty- one species, of whiidi five are repeated from the North American list, F'lor- issant is situated in 3!)° north latitude, and Ilagen says that the family only rarely (wenifj), and that only in the northern hemisphere, extends be- yond the fortieth degree of latitude. One species occurs as far north as Manitoba. (September, 1881.) Table of the genera of Termitina. Scapular vein branclieil. Siibniargiiial vein proseut 1. Pitrolermei. 8iibniar);inal vein abwmt !i. nodntirnie-'. Scapular veiu unbranched '.i, £'M(frme«. 1. PAROTERMES Scudder. Parotermen Scndd., Proc. Amer. Acad. ArtH and >Sci., XIX, 13.^.(1883). Head rather large, short-oval in form, almost as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, well rounded behind: eyes .^mall, ocelli wanting; antennic longer than the head, but shorter than the head and prothorax, slender, per- haps slightly broader in the middle than at either end, composed of about twenty equal joints, shorter than broad. Prothorax from i> iialf to a third as long as the head, narrower than or only as broad as it, broader in front than behind, subquadrate, with the hinder angles rounded oft'. Wings slender ami straight, subccpial, less than half us long again as the l)ody, four times as long a.-^ broad ; basal scale obscure in most specimens examined, moderately large, as long as the prothorax, its costal margin convex ; costal margin of wing straight nearly to tin; tip, which tapers to a well-rounded point; marginal and mediastinal veins both present, the latter distinct and reaching nearly to the middle (sometimes only to the end of tlie basal third) of the costal border; .scapular vein ruiniing j)urallel to the costal mavgiu to the tip of the wing and emitting from five to seven very obli(|ue gentlv curving superior Iranches at pretty regular intervals, the second arising before the middle of the vein ; it al.so emits a couple of inferior branches NEUKOPTKltA— TERMITINA. 107 from opposite the base of two of the later branches which strike the apex of the w\ug, diverging from the main vein no more than the superior branches. Externomedian vein also running parallel to the costal margin throughout the greater part of the wing, and not ao far removed from the scapular as the latter is from the costal margin ; it has four or live simple or forked branches, mostly arising in the basal third of the wing, and with these branches takes a remarkably longitudinal course obliquely toward the hind margin and parallel to the inferior apical branches of the scapular vein ; it therefore occupies the greater part of the wing. The internomedian vein is reduced to a very contracted area, consisting apparently of only a single forked vein or two in the narrowing basal part of the wing. The feeble char- acter of the externomedian and internomedian veins, as well as of the inferior branches of the scapular vein, prevents their preservation on most of the fossils, and it is only in a few specimens that the whole or nearly the whole can be made out. There is apparently no net-work or reticulation anjwhere on the membrane of the wing. The abdomen is large and ovate, generally broader than the rest of the body. Tliis genus, which is most nearly allied to Termopsis and Calotermes, differs from each of them in points wherein they differ from each other, and has some peculiarities of its own. It dift'ers from Calotermes in its shorter wings (relative to the length of the body), which lack any fine reticulation, and in its want of ocelli. From Termopsis it differs in its slenderer but yet shorter wings, without reticulation, its uniform scapular vein running par- allel to the costa throughout and j)rovided with fewer and straight branches. From both it differs in the presence of distinct inferior branches to the scapular vein, but especially in the slight development of the internomedian vein, the excessive area of the externomedian vein, and the course of the lat- ter, which is approximated much more closely than usual to the scapular vein and emits branches having an unusually longitudinal course. These last peculiarities also separate this genus still more widely from Hodotermes, with which it agrees preUy closely in many points, and in which Hagen places most of tlie larger Termitina described by Heer from the European Tertiaries, although ihey do not ap]>ear to agree with the characteristics of the genua as given by him, and certainly approach in some of their features the peculiarities of the present genus. It is, however, impossible from Heer's figures alone to judge whether they are really more closely allied 108 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. to Hodotermes or Paroterniea ; a nearer examination of the types them- selves would perhaps decide; but at present Parotennes must be con- sidered peculiar to the American Tertiaries. The species are all of pretty large siz(\ They may be separated af« follows : Table of the tproirH of Vnrolermn, AlHloriiuii considornbly broader Minn tliti thorax. WiiigM proilueod at the apox ; miliiuarKiiinl win short; l)ranchos of the oxternomodinn vein mid int'eriiir linmi'hoK olHPnpiilnr iiiorp oltliqiie than the HiiperiorHcapiiIar hratU'h*>N I. /'. inaigmn. WinjfH roiiiidcd nt Ihcnpt'x; HiilininrKlnnl v«in Ioiir; liranohoH of \\w Niihinedian vein niid infer- ior hranclie^of the waunhir om lonKitndiiinl an the giiporior Hc.apniar bninisliits 'i. l\ haiimiii. Abdomen no broader than thorax X P. fndiiin: u \ 1. PaROTERMES IN8IGNI8. PI. 12, Figs. 13, 14. Parottrmei inmgiiis Scndd., Proc. Anier. Aoad. Arte and Sci., XIX, 1:17-130 (1883); in Zittel, Handb. Palwont., I, ii, T7:i, FiR. 974 (ISSTi). Head broad oval, of pretty regular shape, but broadest in the middle of the hinder half, the front and hind border broadly rounded ; there is a slight median longitudinal suture in the posterior half of the he.ad. Eyes one-fifth the diameter of the head, situated with the front margin slightly more distant from the front than from the hind border of the head and the outer margin just within or at the lateral margin of the head ; they do not appear to project strongly above the surface. Antenna; scarcely so long as the head and prothorax together, composed of about twenty to twenty-two joints, the basal joints twice as broad as the stem, the others broader than long and eqiial throughout, not enlarged toward the middle of the antenntc. Pronotuin nearly twice as broad as long, as broad as the head, the front uKirgin nearly straight with slightly rounded corners, the hind border and sides forming one nearly uniform, broad, semicircular curve ; its surface ap- pears to be flat, or at least there is no median impressed line. Mesonotum a fourth broader than long, with a distinct aiodian impressed line, at least in the front half, sulxjuadrate in shape, broadest in tlio middle of the front half, and tapering slightly and regularly behind, the front margin broadly rounded to the shoulder of the wing. Metanotum about as long as the niosonotum and of a similar shape, but tapering more rapidly behind, and likewise with a median impressed line more distinct anteriorly. Abdonuni obovate, broad, and about equally rounded at either end, in the middle nearly half as broad NEUROPTEBA-TEBM ITINA. 109 again aH any other part of the body, in length just about equaling the en- tire thorax. Abdominal appendages obscurely seen ir. a single individual, where they are tolerably stout, taporing slightly, very bluntly terminated, and about as long as the last abdominal segment. Legs very short, the tibiae being shorter than tlie width of the thorax, and armed at tip with a ])air of short straight spurs ; tarsi not more than half as long as the tibiae, but the separate joints are not determinable on any of the specimens. Wings four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the end of the abdomen, long and very regularly obovate, the only differ- ence in the form of the two extremities being in the gentler tapering of the base and the straighter course of the costal margin next the base. The basal scale is triangular, about as long as the mesonotum, its costal and outer margins each a very little convex. Tlie scapular vein, its superior branches, and the mediastinal are stout, while the other veins are very feeble and only appear under favorable preservation. The submarginal vein ' is crowded against the margin, l)ut does not run fairly into it before the end of the basal fifth of the wing. The mediastinal vein terminates a short distance before the middle of the wing. The scajjular vein runs at only a short distance from and parallel to the margin, and emits from five to eight superior branches running in an extremely longitudinal course to the costa ; usually the first branch is thr<»wn off almost as far out as the middle of the second quarter of the wing, but where the l)ranches are numerous three branches are thrown off before the middle of the wing; in addition to the superior veins two inferior veins are emitted in the apical third of the wing, and strike the lower margin of the wing just below the apex. The externomedian vein runs subparallel to, but a little divergent from, the scapular, and nearly as far from it as it is from the costal margin, emitting, four inferior simple or forked branches which cover the greater part of the hind border with their nervules ; from near the middle of the wing a superior branch is also emitted, which is soon lost. The interno- median vein is forked, and strikes the margin near the middle of the basal half Although in the mimber of branches to the scapular vein the speci- men showing the wings most clearly (No. 7752) differs considerably from ' What I hurv cull tUe Hubmargiual vein is the tiliort simple vein, sumetiriieH prraeot in, at other times abuent from, Termitiiia, whic'j precedes the modiastiaal veiu. Hagen calls it the first branch of bis subcosta. no TEUTIAttY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. the others, the vein coimnoncing to briiiu^h nt a considerably earlier point, all the speciii ens iigreo s(» well in every other particular thai these would appear to h.' individual variations. It is the largest 8pecie> of the genus. I.engtI. of body, 1 1.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 21)""" ; of abdomen, .'{.3""" ; length of antenna", 4.2.')"""; of front wing, l.'i.;}"'"'; breadth of same, 3.35""" ; length of middle tibia, 2"""; of tarsi, 1.25"'"'; of abdominal appendages, 65"'". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 400, 7752, 9041, 14400. 2. PaROTKRMKS nAGENII. PI. 12, Fig. 2. Pariitfrmeii hagrnii Sciidil., Prov. Amur. Acud. Arts »acl Sci., \IX, i:it>-140 (188:i). Head roundish obovato, very regularly rounded, scarcely half as long again as broad, broadest at the eyes, which are scarcely behind the middle, and are deeply set, their outer border projecting but little beytnid the c(»n- tour of the head. Antenna> nearly as long as head and pronotum taken together, C(.:»iposed of about twenty-si.\ joint.s, subequal lutyond the base, a little taper ng at the tip. Pronotnni more than twice as broad as long, fully as broad as the head, the front margin slightly concave, the hind border and sid(*s forming a regular bnmd curve. Mcsonotum and metano- tum shaped exactly as in P. insignis, and with a similar impressed line. Abdomen ol)ovate, but with mon^ parallel sides than in P. insignis, being only a little broader than the thorax, and nearly as long as the rest of the body, including the head. Abdominal appendages tolerably slender, e(pial, bluntly j)ointed, composed of Hve or six joints, the last of which appears to be two or thnie times as long as the otiu;rs, which are eipial ; the whole is about half as long as the pronotum. T-^egs short, but longer than in P. insignis, the tibi.e being about as long as the width of the thorax, but thev are imperfecth' preserved on all the specimens. Wings a littl(! more than four times longer than In-oad, the middle (»f the front pair scarcely reaching the extremity of the abdomen, broadest in the middle, tapering almost as much apically as basally, the tip roundly pointed, the costal margin pretty straight until shortly before the tip, the lower margin broadly curved. The basal scale is of the same shajjc and size as in P. insignis, l)ut with a stronger costal curve. The .scapular vein and its superior branches are stout, its inferior branches and the veins below NEUBOPTBHA— TERMITINA. Ill fetible, »o 88 only to appear under favorable clrcuinstanceH, being visible in only half of the specimens before me. The Hubmarginal vein of the front wing terniinateM at about the middle of the basal half of the wing, and about opposite tlu- origin of the first superior scapular branch. The mediastinal vein extends about to the middle of the wing both in the front and hind wings. The scapular vein is related to the nuu-gin exacth' as in P. insignis, and has five or six superior branches on the hind wing, six or seven on the front wing ; on the front wing they originate at subecpuil dis- taii' >8 apart, conunencing usually at about the middle of the basal half of the wing, but when there are but six brunches (which appears to be less conuuoidy the case) tiie first originates at a greater distance from the base; on the hind wing there is greater irregularity ; in one specimen, that fig- tu'ed (No. S616), there are five branches on the left hind wing, the first orig- inating beyond the middle of the wing, while on the right wing there is an additional vein, originating far before the second, at the middle of the basal half of the wing ; in another specinjen with only five veins (No. 8250) the basal branch originates somewhat beyond the middle of the basal half of the wing, and the others follow at subequal intervals ; besides these superior there are two inferior nervules arising, the first at the end of the middle third of the wing, opposite a superior branch, and the second opposite the succeeding branch; sometimes a third vein appears beyond these; after parting from tiie scaj)ular vein these take a longitudinal course and termi- nate at the tip of the wing. The externomedian vein runs .><»ibparallel to the scapular, diverging slightly from it and being as far from it as it is from the costal margin ; it enn'ts two or three inferior branches, the last scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, the basal ones of which apjiear to be forked, but all having an unusually longitudinal course, being only slightly deflected towards the lower margin. Nothing can be said of the interne- median vein. This species differs from P. insignis by its more laterally disposed eyes, rounder head, differently shaped wings, more longitudinally disposed branches of the externomedian vein, atul longer and narrower abdomen. Length of body, 10.5-12, a,v. 11"""; breadth of thorax, 2.1"""; of abdo- men, 2.6""''; length of antenna;, 4"'""; of front wing, 13.5-15.5, av. 14"'"'; breadth of same, i{.35""" ; length of middle tibia, l.GS""; of abdominal appendages, 0.65'""". ! 112 TICRTIAUY INSKCT8 UK NOUTII AMKUICA. Niiinud tor Dr. II. A. Ilaguii, tliu diHtiu^iiiHiuul iiKHio^^niplier of tlio 'i'uriiiitiiia, liviiit; mid fimMil. FI(>ii--.:«.Mt. ScvtJii spocimena, Noh. 4629, 4652, 6224, 6030, 8250, 8616, 14167 3. Pakotekmes kooinjb. PI. lli, FijjH. 3, J'J. I'arolermrt/odinir HemUi., Proc. Aiiht. Avail. ArtHaiKl 8ci., XIX, 141 i'H ho iiiiicJi from tho Hpnoiim of INirotorniHM, in tlio aliHoiuMt of tlio Hiihmai'fji'iiiul voiit ami tho groat longtii of tho ahdoniiiial appoiidagtm, that it prohahly can not l)o asHociatod with them gcnorically. In nhe and gonoral appoaranco it agreon ho fairly with tho Tertiary HpociondoHrribod by Iloor, rofcrrofl to iloilotcrnicH hy Ila^fun, that I plaoo tho npocicH proviHion- nlly in tho mime ^onuH, from wliioh (as from all othor gonora ho far aH I know in whioli tho Htructuro of tho win^s would allow it to be placed), it ditTorw hy tho ^nvat length of its anal appon""" ; length (»f fore wing, 23""" or more ; of abdominal appendagoH, l/if)"""; breadth of name, 3""". FlorisHunt. One Hpecimon, No (iOlO. 8. EUTERMES Ileor. The romainin;^ /.pocioH fall into the division of Tormitina in which thi Hcapular vein is unbranched, and it is uncertain whether they should fall in TermcH proj>er or in Entormes, the veins below the scapular being in all oases poorly preserved or wholly obliterated. The limiti^l number of an- tennal joints in such as have these preserved sullicieiitly for examination, and the occasional indication of a broad subscapular field in others, lead rather to tho presumption that they .should bo ])laced in Eutormes. Two species have 1)een found at Floris.sant. The genus has been well known in a fo.ssil state, four species having been described from lladolntj in Croatia and five from Prussian amber. Indeed, the genus was first founded upon fossil species, but it was soon seen that many living forms belonged to the same group. The existing species, sonio thirty in number, belong almost exclusively to the tropics, and ('specially t<» those of the southern hemi- sphere. The two species of Eutermes which have been found at Florissant may be separated l)y the following features: Table of Ihe iptciet of Ktilermtt. HfoiI liriiatlrr l)«hinil than in front, ocnroely hnlf ax long iiKbin »h broad ; prnnotnm Reinicircular, the |iiiHtt>riur curve iinirorrn I. /■-'. /omarum, IIi'iiil not lirondi-r lichinil thnii in front, fully half as long at;a. Head very regularly obovato, broadest just behind the middle, where the small eyes, scarcely projecting, are situated, not broader behind than in front, the hind margin strongly rounded, the whole fully half as long '< -i 116 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, anfain as broad. A titeiina; nowhere well preserved, l)ut apparently longer and with nior(3 numerous joints than in E. fossaruni. Pronotuni as broad as the head (?) and very sliort, probably more than twice as broad as long, the hind margin not forming with the sides a continuous curve, but in its middle half only slightly convex. Mesonotum and metanotnin (piadrate, broader than the head, the mesonotum somewhat the larger, at least half as broad again as long. Abdomen rather stout, longer than the rest of the body, the sides nearly parallel, the tip broadly rounded, aiul, as fiir as can be made out, unj)rovidod witii terminal appendages. JiOgs moderately long and stout, the tibiiu armed witii a psiir of spines at apex, the front tibise about as long as the; proiu)tum. Wings long, slender, and uniform, four times or slightly less than four times as long as broad, the middle of the front pair reaching the tip of the abdomen, broadest at or slightly beyond the middle, the lower border slightly arcuate throughout. Costal margin straight in the basal three- fourths of the wing. Scapular vein parallel to the margin, the subcostal area scarcely infumated. Veins below the scapular not determinable. ]}asal scale small, triangular, equilateral, the sides straiglit excepting the costal, which is very slightly convex and prominent. This .species differs from the preceding by its slightly smaller size, squarer pronotum, and differently shaped head. Length of body, 0.25-7, av. 6.3"'"'; of abdomen, 2.8-3.'), av. 3.2'""; breadth of abdomen, Lf)"""; length of wing, 7.5-8"'"; breadth of same, 2"". Named for Mr. T. L. Mead, whose collection of Florissant insects he has permitted me to study. Floris.sant. Four specimens. No. 19 (Coll. T. L. Mead), and Nos. 31, 1203, 8062. A single specimen of a wingless white; aiit has been found, apparently belonging to this .species or to K. fos.sarum. It measures ;».75'"'" \n length, and is ot' tlic ordinary form of the worker, with rounded head and con- 8tricte' much more widttly friiiffod in thf middle thiin toward either end; dorsiil iilidoniiiial markings consiHting of liglit blottdioH on » dark ground 1, K. Uibifica. Setiv only a little more widely fringed in the niiddl" tliun toward the buHe or tip; dorNiiI abdom- inal markingx con.si.sting of light lini-H on u dark ground '.i, JC. miicilenia. Outer caudal setie fringed on this inuer Hide only, and very uineh more broadly in the middle than near the Imyi or tip. Middle HVta Hhorter than thu outer Metm ..'i, E. immohilis. Sutii) of equal length and naked, or not noticeably fringed. Large npecieg. Head less than half the width of thorax; dorsal abdominal markings of light lines 4. A', pumiiosa. Small species. Head considerably mora than half as wide as the thorax ; no dorsal abdominal marking Ti. E. inlerempta. 1. Ephemeba tabifica. Pupa. — This species differs somewhat in form from the otiier larger types, the abdomen l)eing very nearly of etjual size throughout and the thorax nearly twice as broad as it, while anteriorly the whole body tapers reg'ularly, as in the succeeding species. The head is rounded quadrate, about half the width of the thorax. The lej^s are slenderer tlum in the succeeding species and short, the front pair no longer than the width of the thorax, the hind pair longer, being as long as the iiead and thorax together. The wing pads are blackish, about three times as long as broail, reniform in shape, the inner margin bent in the middle, and the l)a.sal halves of the inner margin of the two winjjs meetiii"' to form an an<;le sliyhtlv less than a riglrt angle, the apical half tapering to a rounded apex. The abdomen is long and slender, the apical joint more than half as broad as the basal, the dor.sal suit. ice blotched with large (piadrate patches of lighter color than the ground, .sometimes central, sometimes anterior and transverse, divided by a median line. The three caudal seta- are slendi-r, le.ss than half as long as the abdomen, ecpial, very broadly fringed on either side in the middle. Length of body exclusive of seta-, L'o'""' ; breadth of thorax, 4J}""" ; of middle of abdomen, 2.6""" ; length of wing pads, 4..")""" ; of front legs. 4"'"' : (»f Itind legs, S""" ; of setiv, 7""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 13238. J! NEUROPTEUA— EPHEMERID^. 121 2. Ephemera immobilis. PI. 12, Fig. 5. Larva. — This is the largest of the ephemerid larvse, and is represented by a single specimen and its reverse. The body is stout, largest at the meso- thorax and metathorax, tapering rapidly and somewhat rounded in front, tapering gently behind, the hinder half of the abdomen more rapidly than the basal half. The head is small, about as broad as the terminal segment of the body; transversely rounded oval, less than half as broad as the thorax, and symmetrical, being rounded in front as behind ; the mandibles, not rep- resented on the plate, are not so long as the head, moderately stout, nearly straight and tapering. The front legs are nearly as long as the thorax, the femora and tibia;, which are of equal width, nearly oi quite as broad as the length of the prothorax ; the tibia is a little longer than the femur and about half as long again as the tarsus, which is also somewhat slenderer. The other legs are longer and a little stouter, but retain the same relations, excepting that the tarsus is much longer, half as long again as the tibia and toward the tip tapering. The thoracic branchiae form a pair of trian- gular equilateral pads, their inner margins straight and attingent at the mediodorsal line, their outer margins convex. The dorsal surface of the abdomen is ornamented by a pair of approximated subdorsal, longitudinal, curved, white streaks, convexities outward, reaching the posterior but not the anterior border of each segment. The caudal setae are of unequal length, the outer more than one-third, the middle one nearly one-fourth, the length of the body. They are fringed, the outer ones on the inner surface only, the middle one on both sides by a delicate fringe of hairs, which increases in breadth from either end toward the middle, where the fringe is from a third to a fourth the width of the last abdominal segment. Length of body, 21""" ; breadth of thorax, 5"™ ; of head, 2.4""" ; length of fore tibia, 2.25""' ; breadth, O.G"'™ ; length of hind tibia, 2.7r)'"'" ; breadth, 0.8"'" ; length of outer caudal setfe, 8""" ; of middle seta, 5"'". The species differs from the other larvtc here described by its greater size and tlu» peculiar fringing of the caudal seta\ Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8824 and 8828. 122 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. 3. Epiiemeka macilenta. PI. 12, Figs. 4, 10. Larva— The body is stoiit but not so stout iis in the last species, wliich is only slightly larger than this ; it tapers also in a similar manner but is not so rounded anteriorly. The head and mandibles at j of similar form and size, but the head is not so distinctly separated from the thorax as in that , species, being continuous with the general outline of the body. The legs are considerably shorter than in the preceding species, but while agreeing with them in general structure the femora are stouter in relation to the tibite. The abdomen is similarly nuirked, but the stripes are shorter, reach- ing neither the M".iterior nor the posterior margins of the segments. The caudal setiv are of ecpial length, nearly half as long as the body, and fringed on either side with slicrt cilije, scarcely longer than the breadth of the seta. Length of body, 1.75™"; breadth of thorax, lUT"; of head, 1.8.5"'"'; length of fore tibia, l.n"""; breadth, 0..'J5"'"'; length of hind tibia, 2'""'; breadth, 0.35""' ; length of caudal seta% 7.5"'"'. The brevity of the legs and the uniform brief ciliation of the caudal seta? distinguish this species from either of the other larvu" here described. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 232, 1137, 7280, 10423, 1352G. 4. KrilKMERA PUMICOSA. PI. 12, Figs. 7 (pupa), 15, 1« (larvn). Larva. — This sjjecies is both snialler and slenderer than any of the larva; described above. It taj)ers in the same manner as the others, excej)t in being more raj)idly exj)aiided at the thorax and in having the abdomen of more uniform width, a peculiarity seen also hi the nymph referred to the same species. As in the other species, the head is of the same width as the ex- tremity of (he abdomen. The legs are poorly preserved in all the speci- mens, but .seem to agree entirely with their appearance in the nymph. The abdouien is marked as in E. iinmobilis, but if anything with longer uiid straighter stripes. All the caudal seta- are of similar length, slender, but rather short, being only about one-third the length of the body ; th"y are furthermore distinguished from those of the other species by being naked, as far as can be .seen, thuugli one specimen seems to show an apical bristle on either side at the end of each joint oi' the middle seta. !' r) NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERID^. 123 Length of body, 17"'"'; breadth of thorax, 4'°"'; of liead, 1""'; length of caudal setas 6°"™. Pupa. — The form is altogether that of the larva, but the legs are better preserved, showing them to be as long in this species as in K. inmiobilis, but to differ in their almost uniform slenderness throughout, the tarsi being scarcely narrower than the femora. Tlie wing pads are distinctly marked in dark brown and are renifornn in shape, of nearly unifoim width and nearly three tinies as long as broad, the basal half of their inner edges meeting at less than a right angle, and the distal halves parallel and ap- proxin)ate along the mediodorsal line, the outer edges gently concave and the tips well rounded. The stone is broken at tlie tip of the body in tlie only specimen, so that the caudal seta; are not preserved. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 233, 1070, 1516, 10385 (larva;), 10660 (pupa). 5. Ephemera interempta. This smallest of the ephemerids from Florissant, represented by a nearly complete pupa and the terminal segnu nts of what may^e either larva or pupa, and which appears to belong here, differs considerably in structural features from the others. The former only will be described. Pupa. — The body is tolerably stout, largest at the thorax wliere it tapers forward toward the head, which is fully three-quarters its width. Posteriorly the abdomen remains in its basal half very nearly as broad as the widest part of the thorax, and only tapers rapidly a little betore the tip, which is more rounded than usual find scarcely one-third as broad as tlie thorax The head is rounded, a little broader than long ; the legs only moderately stout, all the femora subequal and about as long as the head. The wing pads are subtriangular, tapering pretty uniformly to a rather broadly rounded tip about half as broad as the base, the inner margin bent close to the base, and the basal portions of the two pads forming an angle much broader than a right angle ; they differ therefore altogether in form from the two sjjecies of which nymphs are known. The .abdominal joints are more than twice as broad as long and wholly devoid of the niarkings which distinguish all the other species. The caudal setaj are about one- third as long as the abdomen, and unfringed. Only the base of the median seta is preserved in the type, but in the other specimen referred here it is as long as the lateral. ' . - ■* ; H 124 TBllTIAttY INSECTS OP NOJVfU AM'^JUICA. Lengthof body, Df)' ; width of lioiul, 1.3""; of thorax, 2"'™; lenjrthof femora, 1.2'""; of wiiifr pud, 2"""; of sotiu, 2.5™'". Florissant. Two specinieiis, Nos. 1.582, obtained by the Princeton ex- pedition, and 1070(3. Ephemera exsucca. PI. 12, Fig. 0. A sinylo specimon, very badly preserved, bnt showinus, to enter on any study of the relation of the Secondary and Tertiary types; but it may l)e stated in a general way that, omitting all mention of larval remains, wo now know nearly double the number then recorded, and the Tertiary species are considerably in excess. Of these the larger part belong to the Agrionina. (January, li^S2) To enter into a few details, the strongly limited group of dragon-Hies makes its ajjpearance in the Lias in considerable variety and apparently as highly specialized as to-day, htr n(» less than four tribes are present, the true Ajjrionidae and the Cordulida^ alone beinj' absent. Ae.schnina are the II W NBUROPTBRA-ODONATA. 125 most iihiindnnt, the Aeschnidm being roprosontod by ft species of Acpchna at Schiimbolen and the Oonipliida' by one species each of Potahira and Gonipiioides from Enghind. Caloptorygidii^ come next, witli one species each of Tarsophlebia and Heteroi)ldebia, both extinct genera, also from Enghuid, and finally a 8j)ecie8 of Libellula from England. The same relation holds in passing upward into the oolite, where the Agrionina are added. Here we have thirty-two species, of which half are Agrionina: four Agrionida?, and twelve Calopterygidjc of five genera, mostly extinct, namely, Isophlebia, two ; lleterophlebit^, two ; Stenophlebia, three ; Tarsophlebia, one, and Euphoia, four; three are Aeschnida; of the genera Anax and Aeschna ; eight Gomphida) of some undetermined genera, besides Petalura and Potalia; and finally five Libollulida) of abo'-t as many genera, yet undescribed. A species of Gomphidaj has also been found in the Wealden of England. The lithographic slates of Bavaria afford numerous, some- times wonderfully preserved, dragon-flies, called by the workmen Stangen- reiter or Schladen-Vogel, which have been carefully studied by Hagen. Tlipy lie on the stone with expanded wings and are generally larger than modern types; sometimes the most delicate veins are perfectly preserved. Most of them are referred to extinct genera. Considering the comparative abundance of this group in the Second- ary rocks one would expect to find a better representation in the Terti- aries than is the case, for, even counting all the species founded upon the innnature stages as distinct from any of those established upon wings, the Tertiary species are less than twice as nnmerous as those from the Second- ary rocks. The subfamilies are about equally represented, though the Agrionina are a little in excess, and the species are very unequally distrib- iited among the tribes. Thus tliere are twenty-two species of Agrionida; of the following genera : Agrion, seven; Lestes, five; Argya, one; Platycne- niis, two; Steropi, one ; Dysagrion, throe ; Podagrion, one ; and Lithagrion, two, the last four genera being extinct; wiiile there is but a single species of Calopterygidic known by a pupal form, from amber, a curious reversal of the proportion in Mesozoic rocks. The .Eschnina are more equally balanred between the tribes, the Gomphida; being represented l)y six spec as, of the genera Gomphus, Gomphoides, Ictinus, and Petalura, and the Aeschnidic by nine ; of the genera Aeschna (eight) and Anax (one). The Lil)ellulina, however, have sigain only a single species of Cordulidtc, i '11 * t 126 THIITIARY INSKirrS OV NORTH AMKKICA. Imt Hixtoon npocit's of Lihelluliilivi, ull oxcopt ono, a Colithcinis, referred to Lihelliilii ill H broad Heiiwe. Nearly every locality where Tertiary iiitteets are foiiiul, even iiieliuliii^r aiiiher, lias Hiipplied its (|iiota of tliiH family, and 8oine loculities, hiicIi hh Oeningen, have furniHhed the larvu> and pupa; in great iiunilters. (IHSr).) The Odoiiata furnish the first opportunity that my studies have afforded of a coiiijuirison between the insect faunas of Florissant and the Green River shales. The Florissant beds have furnished six species in the perfect state l)esides two larviv ; the Green River shales four species in the perfect state besides fra^fuieiits of another, concerning which nothing more can be said than that it probably belongs to the Libollulina. Two of the Floris- sant forms belong to Aeschiia, besides one of the larva\ All the remainder, four Green River species, and four from Florissant, besides a larva, belong to the Agrionina. The Green River shales are reju'esented by one species of Podagrion and three species of Dysagrion, an extinct genus of the legion I'odagrion allied to the genera Podagrion and Philogenia; the Flor- issant bods by two species of Agrion and two of Lithagrion, an extinct genus with the same alliances as Dysagrion ; the species of Agrion are not sufliciciitly perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are ceitainly closely related and appear to he most nearly allied to Amphi- agrion or else to Pyrrhosonia or Erythroinma. All the Green River species belong then to the legion I'odagrion, while the Florissant species are divided between the legions Podagrion and Agrion. The resemblance of the faunas of the two localities is very apj)arent, though the species and even the genera are wholly distinct. The facies of both faunas is decid- edly subtropical (October, 1882.) Tribe AGRIONINA Hagen. This grouf) is the richest of Odonata in the Tertiarics, both in Europe and America, but curiously the legions into which it is divided by de Selys are very (litlcreiilly represented in the two (Countries. To establish better terms of cKiiiparisdu I have given some attention to the de.scriptions and figures of tlu' mature European forms, and their study brings out some interesting points. Ill Europe the legion [..estes is far the ])e.st represented; into this fall Lestes coloratus Ilageii from Ra(h)boj, fir.st figured by Charpentier, Agrion NKUUOI'TRUA— OnONATA— AORIONINA. 127 ligOH, A. loucoHiu, and A. poislnoo,' nil of Iloor uiid from OonIiiu;en, mid prolmhly A. iris Hoor of Ouniiigun; a cloHor dotoriiiination is periiaps iiiipoH- Hihlo. Into it also fall Lestes vicina Uajfen from Siehlos, wliioh appears to Imj a [jostjm in tlio narrowest sense, and Aj^rion (Steropo) partlienopo Ileor from Oeninj^en, whieh is either a Sympyc.na or e.\ceediiif,'ly close to it. The loj^ion next hest representtMl is Platycnemis, since to the subgenus I'latyenemis Agrion anticpunn llaf^cn from amber and Agrion icarus llageii from Uott pretty certainly belong. Finally, to the legion Agrion belongs Agrion aglaope lleor from Oeningen. In Anjericii, on the other hand, the bulk of the species fall in the legion Podagrion, viz, Dysagrion frodericii, D. lakesii, and I), packardil of Green Kiver, Podugrion abortivum from the same, and Lithagrion hyalinum and L. umbratum from Florissant. The other two species fall in the legion Agrion, viz, Agrion mascescens and A. exsularis. The following table will show the distribution of recent and fossil spe- cies in Eurojje and North America : Rnveiit. FoSHil. Legion. Kiirope. North Araer- icra nortli of Moxii'n. North Ainer- icii fliiil West IiiilinH. Kii No. rope. North AiiK^rioa. No. Per cent. No. 5 11 Per etui. 21 No. (i 14 1 Per cent. 7 17 1 ferceii*. No. \ Percent. 7 18 7 70 Podikirrion ...... ...... 6 ' 75 11 'i(l Stutos to-iliiy Imn not yot hoou fouiKl in itn 'rtlior li'^^ions wliicli aru pocidiarly tropical (and ono of tluMn oxclnsivch* Annn-ican) aro wholly nnrc^proHcntod in the American TcrtiaricH. From what wo then know at th(» prosoiit time the relationship of th(* a^ri'ionid faniia of the Kiiropean and American TortiariuH was n<»t nearly ho closet as the livinjf famias of tho two conntries. (Hep- tombor, 18h;{.) Lpglon POnAOniON (Ic Sfilys. To this h'ffion helon;^ most of the fossil A<;rionina of North America. The species Imro descriltetl are the tirst that have been fonnd fossil. Tho recent forms of this legion — not i verv prolific ono — occnr mainly in trop- ical AnuM'ica, thoii^rh nearly half the j^enera and about ono-third of tho species bolonjf to the Kast Indies and South .Vfrica. The forms hero brou^rht to notico aro mostly referable t<» new {>:enera which lind their place in near vicinity to the South American types. ( )ne spec-ies appears to bolon}' to tho South AnK'rican genus i'odam'rion. The relationship of those fossils may i)e looked upon as well delined. Their nearest living relatives aro inhabitants of Hra/.il, Venezuela, and (Jtdondiia. The genera hero ro|)resented may be separated in tho following man- ner : Tnbl« of Ihe gennn of t'odai/rion. PteroRtiRmn not iiinrn tlinii tirico oh Idii); iih Immtl, HiiriiHiiiiitiiij{ Iohn tlinii twn crllalm ; anpplMnentnry HftloiM few ; lew |irntiij5<)iiiil iilliili'H 'i. I'mlaijiiiin. rtcro8ti);iiia iikid- iIiiiii twin- ait loii^ iih liniuil, Niinnoiiuting tuivorul ci'lliilos; Nii|i|)leiiu>iilury lu-ctora niitiKToiis; many |><'iitit)(oiiiil ci'lliileM, NfMliil Hcclor uriHiiiK I'roiii the prhiciiml at hi'iiitoI.v oiic-llftli the iliHtaiuut from \\w noilim to llio ptcroMi){iini; pohtcoital area vxcliiHivcly or aInioNt (ly tlllid witli pt'iitaKoixil tcIIh; m'vrral Nii|iplioiil oiii' tliiril tli)^ tli.staiii'K from tho iiodait to tlir- OHti^ma: poxti'iistal area witli tciraKoiial and very fcn'or no pi-nta;;omil voIIh; no porlVi'l nnp- pli'munlary mi'tor lictwi'i'n tli« mnliaii and Niilinodal KcilorH K, LithaijriuH. 1. I)VSA(JliI()N Scudder. IhjHnijrion Scudd., Hnl!. U. .S. (i<-ol. (iro^r. .Siirv. Terr., IV, WM (1878). This new type of Agrionina belongs to the legion Podagrion as defined by Solys-Longchamps, having a normal pterostigma, much longer than broad, X\w median sector arising frrnn the principal vein near the nodus, tho subnodal a little fiu'ther out, and many interposed supplementary sectors. NKUKOITKIIA— ODONATA— AOniONINA. 129 It from tlio ikmIiih to tlio arc.uliiM; tho Hul)tio(lul iiriHUH from an extoiiHioii of thu notliiH, which in paHHiii)^ holow tho principal iH directed HOMH^what inward iiiHtoad of outward, a sonu'what extraordinary feature; tho nodal arinoH from tho principal only an far hoyond tlu^ n^duH as tho n»o- dian orif^inatoH before it, or Hcarcoly more than oiuf-fifth » •;; to tho ptoro- Htij,Mna. The roticularion of tho upper half of tho winjf Ih mostly totra},'onal, nnd in the discoidal area very open, while in the lower half of tho wiiijf it is mostly pcMta^onal, and dense apically ; this results in part from tho yrvnt numhrf of interposed supplonxMitary sectors, of which there are several between tlie nltranodal and nodal sectors, and several between each of the followin;^ sectors as far as the upper sector of the triangle; the upper of these curv(f sonunvhat downward as the)' approa(di tl»e apical border. The postcostal area has at first two rows of cellules, but it expands rapidly below tho nodus, and then has throe and afterwards (n-on four ntws. The nodus is situatiMl at an unusual distance outward, indeed not vcfi/ far before the middle of tho wing (rather more than one-third tho distance from the base), and at a third of tho distance from the areulus to the ptorostigma. The petiole terminates at some distance before tho arctdus and is very slen- der. Th(» wing is rather full in the middle, ami tho api(;al half of the pos- terior border is very full, tho apex falling considerably above the middle of tho wing. Those characters show the nearest alliance to Philogenia, but the genus differs strikingly from that in the pv^sition of tho nodus, its retreat below the principal sector, the character of the postcostal area, and in the great nund>er of the supplementary sectors, as well as in le.ss imp(»rtant charac- ters, such as the den.sity of the reticulation. It .seems indeed to be a verv aberrant member of the legion. As the members of this group are all tropical, aiul those to whi(di this is most nearly allied (as indeed two-thirds of the species) are from tho New World, this is an additional instance of neotropical alliaiu^es in the insect-fauna of our Tertiaries. It is upon tho wing that I would establish this geiuis. Yet fragments of other parts of tho body occur with the wings, showing that the legs were VOL XI u 9 IE r ;i t 130 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. probably long iiiid sleiulor, furnished with spine-like hairs as long- as the breadth of the femora. The abdomen was moderately slender, rather longer than the wings; its nintii and tenth segments a little enlarged in the $, the tenth half (?), or three qnarters ((j, as long as the ninth, and the eighth half as long again ( j), or twice as long (s), as the ninth, and a little more than half as long as the seventh. The anal appendages were as long as the tenth segment, rounded triangular (?) or (piadrate ((). The species of Dysagrion found at Green River may be separated by the characters drawn from the neuration of the wing in the following table : Table of the specim of Dijsaijrion. Pter(>8ti);uiik at loUHt four tiiii«N iih Ioii^; iih hroud ; i|iiu. lake»ii. Pterostignia only three times as long as broad; i|uadrilateral slightly broader than long; middle of the area between the principal and subuodal sectors tilled with pentagonal cells., .'i. I), packardii. 1. DVSAGRION FKEUERICII. PI. 6, Figs. 2, 5, 6, y, 10, 14, 17. Dyiagrion fredericii Scndd., Hull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, l>:t4-.'>;!7, 77.1 (1878). Several specimens of various ptu'ts of the body with wings were found by Mr. F. C IJowditch and myself in the (Jreen liiver shales, in a railway cutting by tiie river bank beyond (Jreen IJiver sttition. The most important are a iiearK- perfect wing and its reverse, which preserve idl the important points of the neuration. A single antecubital appears to be present, nearer the nodus than the arciilus; the principal sector, like the short sef'.or (sec- tor brevis), l)ends .slightly npwiird just as it reaches the arculiis; the cel- lules in the discoidal area are half as broad again as long, yet the breadth of the wing is such that the broadest part of the postcf»stal space, between the nodus tind the middle of tiie wing, is more than half tis broiid as the rest of the wing tit that point. The (piadrilateral is sulxpiadiate, about half as long again as broad, its upper iind lower margins su))p!iriillel and its lower outer iingh' about sixty degrees; pttM'ostigma four times as long as broad, a little dilated, ol)li(jtie both within anil without, but especiallv pointed above on the outer sich;, touching the costiil margin throughout. The wing is wholly hyaline, excepting the infumated pter»»stigma, which is bordered by IJJEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGIIIONINA. 131 thickened bliick veins, and surmounts four cellules at its lower margin ; the veins of the wing generally are testaceous; tliero are twenty i)Ostcubitals. Length of the wing, SiJ'""; length of part beyond peduncle, 34""°; breadth, I)"""; distance from nodus to tip of wing, 23"""; from arculus to nodus, 8'""'; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 17"""; length of pterostigma, 3.5"'"'. Another wing from the sauie beds with its reverse (Nos. 41(55, 4166) is very fragmentary, showing little besides the border of the apical half of the wing with the pterostigma, und most of the postcubital nervules. I have here considered it the hind wing of the same species, from its similar size, the exact resemblance of the pterostigma, which also surmounts four cel- lules, and the indication of a similar profusion of intei-calated supplementary nervules. It seems, however, not improbable that it may prove to be a second species of the same genus, from the great difference in form. The two borders of the outer half of the wing are nearly parallel, and the apex falls a little below the uiiddle. This difference, however, really concerns oidy the posterior curve A' the wing below the apex. The nodus is not preserved. Greatest breadth, 7.5'""'. Considering the fraguients of heads, etc., referred to under the genus as belonging to this species, we liave to add Nos. 417!t, 4180, and 41S2 (besides No. 62 of Mr. Richardson's collection) as representing heads; Nos. 418 J, 4184, the united head, thorax, and base of wings; and Nos. 4170, 4173, 4174, 4177, 4178, as parts of the abdomen. The abdomen shows a slender, dorsal, pale stripe, distinct and moderately broad on the sixth to the eighth segments, scarcely reaching either border, and posteriorly ex- j)anding into a, small, round .spot ; and a faint dorsal line on the fourth and iiltii segments, interrupted just before the t'p. The appendages are simple. Length of head (ac(!ording to ti>e mode of preservation), 4.0-4.5"""; breadth of same, 5.5"""; length of thorax, 5'""'; of pedicel of wing, 5"™; of abd»)men (probably 1'"'" should l)e added for a break at the base), 39""; length of segments 8 to 10, 6"""; breadtli of ninth segment, 2.75"™; of fffth segment, 2.1"""; estimated length of whole body, 55"'". Xamed for my friend and fellow collector t)f Ureou River fossils, Mr. Frederick (J. Howditch, of Boston. Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4165 and 4166, 4167 and 4168, 15244, besides the parts of the body mentioned. ii- 132 TERTIARY INSECIS OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. Dysagrion lakesii. A nearly perfect wing and its reverse represent another species of this genus, vvhicli is more nearly allied to D. packardii than to I), fredericii, differing from the former principally in the form of the quadrilateral and the shape of the pterostignia, which, althongli as long as there, surmounts only three cellules. There are two antecubitals, one at, the other a little before, the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight, the cellules in the discoidal area are much as in D. fredericii, the quadri- lateral is twice as long as its mean breadth, its basal margin half as long as its apical, and the vein forming the lower margin l)ent at a similar a ijle with the inferior vein of the triangle as in D. fredericii ; the nodus is placed at one-third tlie distance from the arculus to the i)terostigma. The wing is hyaline, excepting the fuliginous pterostignia, which is four times as long as broad, surmounts three cellules, and is bordered by thickunt u i/.ack veins; its outer margin is much more oblique than its inner ; there are nineteen postculiitals. Probal)le length of wing, 35'""' ; length of part beyond jieduncle, 33""" ; breadth, 8""" ; distance from arculus to nodus, 8'""' ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22..')"'"'; from nodus to inner corner of pterostignia, 15.5™"; length of pterostignia, .3.75"'"'. Named for Prof Arthur Lakes, of Colorado, my comjianion in explor- ing the fossil insect beds of the West. Green River. One specimen. Dr. A. S Packard, Nos. 25!» and 260. ^ r i 3. Dysaorion packaruii. PI. 6, Figs. 1, ;j, 11. Dytagrion packardii Scudil., Zittel, HaniMi. «1. raliiM)iit., I, ii, 77ti, Fig. 1)79 (isai). Another species of this genus is represented by a nearly complete front wing, a fragment of a wing and its reverse, and liy a tolerably per- fect body i)resumal»ly belonging to it. Tiie wing agrees with that of D. fredericii in form and size, but differs in the following particulars: No ante- cubitals exist, except in the neighborhood of the arculus, one being present nearly half-way from it to the Itase and another may exist in tlu^ l)roken part of the wing just beyond the arculus; the base of the ja-incipal and short sectors is straight; the cellules in the discoidal area are, if anvthing, ii NEUltOPTERA— ODONATA— AGEIONINA. 133 slenderer than in that species ; the qii?.drilateral is of about equal lengtn and breadtii, its basal only a little more than half the length of its apical margin and the vein forming its lower margin bent at a much greater angle with the inferior vein of the triangle than in the preceding species ; the nodus is placed slightly beyond one third the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma, while in the preceding species it is placed, if anything, at less than one-third that distance ; the wing is hyaline, excepting the dusky pterostigma, which is about three times as long as broad, surmounts four cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins ; there are nineteen postcubitals. The body is slender, the legs slender, but not very long, armed with long hairs, ana the abdomen, which is considerably longer than the front wing, is viewed partly from the side and partly from above ; the superior male appendages are shorter than the tenth segment, quadrate, apparently of equal length and breadth, with a slightly projecting tooth at the inner tip directed inwards. Length of entire body, 49""" ; head, 3"" ; thorax, 8.5°"" ; fore femora, 4.25""' ; middle femora, 5""" ; hind femora, G""" ; abdomen, 36™™ ; second joint, 3.5"'"' ; third, 5""™ ; fourth to sixth, each G""™ ; seventh, 4.6"'"' ; eighth, 'i.S'"™; ninth, 1.5™"'; tenth, 1.1™™; appendages, 0.6'"'" ; breadth of head, 4.5""' ; second to fifth abdominal segments (side view), 2.75™™ ; sixth and sevenih abdominal segments (top view), 1.75™™ ; eighth, 3™™ ; ninth, 2™™ ; tenth, 1.75™™ ; appendages, 0.6"'™ ; length of wing, 36.5™™ ; of part beyond peduncle, 34.5™™ ; breadth, 8.6 ; distance from arculus to nodus, 9™™ ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.75'"™ ; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 16.75™™; length of pterostigma, 3™™. Named for the world-known American entomologist. Dr. A. S. Pack- ard, of Brown University. Green River. Three specimens. Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 146, 147, 252 and 253. 2. PODAGRION de Selys. Tropical South America claims the half dozen known living species of this genus, most of which have been found in Colombia and Venezuela. The single species we refer here is somewhat imperfect but apparently be- longs here, and can certainly not be far removed from it, for it agrees with it in the character of the pterostigma and the supplementary sectors. Ex- cept this no fossil species have been found. 134 TERTIAUY IXSKCTS OF NORT / AMERICA. u »■ PODAGRION AHORTIVUM. PI. 6, Figs. 7, 8. Podagrion abortinm Scudil., Hull. U. 8. (iool. Ooogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, '7'>-77r> (1H78). The specimen represents the apical part of a win<^ with fragnjents of the middle portion. The pterostigniu is a little more than twice as long as broad, and, altliough less oblique on the inner than on the outer aide, yet lies at an angle of forty-live degrees with the costal edge, and is therefore more oblirpie than usual in Podagrion ; its outer side is arcuate as well as very oblique, but in its entire ext«!nt the pterostigma scarcely surmounts two cellules; the outer side is nujch thicker than the inner, and thickens below as it passes gradually into the lower border, whicli, like the costal, is much thickened, and appears the more so from being independent of, although in conjunction with, the median ncrvure. IJeyond the pterostigma the ultra- nodal aj)proaches the principal nervure very closely, so that they are only half as far apart at the margin as below the jjterostigma ; there are two sup- plementary sectors, one between the ultranodal and the nodal, arising below the outer half of the pterostigma, the otiier between the nodal and subnodal, arising slightly farther back ; botli of these supplementary sectors are straight, but the nodal is slightly undulated after the origin of the supple- mentary sectors ; all the other veins, excepting the extreme tip of the prin- cipal, are straight, and the reticulation tetragonal. The wing appears to be hy.iline throughout, the ])terostignia very slightly infumated, the nervures fusco-castaneous, those about the pterostigma deepening nearly to black. Apically the wing is well rounded, its ape\ falling in the middle and not at all produced. A species is indicated of about the size of P. macropus Sel. Length of pterostigma along costal edge, I..'*"""; of same from inner lower angle to outer upper angle, 2.1'"'"; breadth of pterostigma, O.G.O'"'"; of wing in middle of apical half, 5.5""". Green River. One specimen, No. 4169. :}. LITHAGRION gon. nov. (^Xi'Oo?, Agrion). Subnodal sector originating from the nodus, the median a little more than one cellule previous to it, the nodal at a little less than one-third the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma : the latter is stout, dilated, sur- mounts about five cellules, its inner border a little obliijue, its outer slightly NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 135 oblique in tlie same sense. Reticulation dense, mostly tetragonal except- ing in the region of the supplementary sectors of which there are two be- tween each pair of sectors from the ultranodal to the short sector, excepting in the interspace between the subnodal and tlie median ; none excepting the upper ones are curved, and there is also a single very brief one between the short sector and tlie superior sector of the triangle Postcostal space simple or nearly so, the inferior sector forming it extending beyond the mid- dle of the wing but not reaching the border. Wings enlarging considerably towards the middle, strongly petiolate nearly to the base of the quadrilateral; this is several times longer than broad, enlarging slightly away from the base, the lower side from a fourth to a third longer than the upper. Nodus situated about one-third the distance from the base to the pterostigma. This genus is closely allied to Philogeniaand Podagrion, the subnodal and median sectors having a similar origin, but it is clearly distinct from either; it differs from the former in the structure of the pterostigma, which nowhere departs from the costal margin, in the straightnesr^ of the supple- mentary sectors, the obliquity of the apex of the quadrilateral, the greater distance of the nodus from the base of the wing and the less petiolated nnd more broadly expanded form of the wing. In the number and position of the supplementary sectors, however, it closely resembles it. From Pod- agrion it differs in the earlier departure of the nodal from the principal vein, the larger number of cellules below the pterostigma, the much greater nuniber of supplementary sectors, and the more bro.idly expanded wing; it resembles it rather than Philogenia in the structure of the pterostigma, the petiolation of the wing, and the position of the nodus. It differs even more from Dysagrion, which I have placed in the same group, than from either of these two recent genera. Two species have been discovered, both from Florissant. Table of the speeiet of Uthagrion. Wings clear ; poHtciibitaU finv I L. hiialimim. Winf^ii clouded except at basu and apex; pnstcnbitals luiincroiiH 2. L. umbratum. I. LiTHAGRION HYALINUM. PI. 13, Fig. 4. A pair of wings, barely overlapping at the postcostal margin and with the tips broken beyond the middle of the pterostigma, but otherwise in admirable preservation, represent this species; they appear to be upper wings. 136 TEUTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. The wiri<»8 are liyaline and are petiolated up to the base of the quad- rihiteral or some distance be3'ond tl»e first i)ostco8tal nervule. intranodal sector oriyinatinjjf from a cross vein midway between the nodus and the pterosti<»-nia, its course reguhir and not zigzag- througliout its extent ; inferior sector of the triangle straight to near its tip, where it bends a little upward, running parallel to the margin and terminating in a cross vein, a little irregular near the tip. Pterostigina dark chocolate brown, the bordering veins thickened and black ; being broken its form can not be positively stated, but it appears to be nearly four times as long as its median width and considerably expaiided on the under surface, probably surmounting four or fiive cellules; quadrilateral more than four times its breadth at base, its lower side half as long again as the uj)per, the outer side very oblicpie. Nodus rather more than one-third the distance from the base to the ptero- stigina ; sixteen postcubitals. Wings rather slenderer than in L. umbratum. Probable length of wing, 33""" ; breadth, 6.()""" ; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 17""'"; from nodus to base. 11.5"""; breadth of wing in middle of petiolated portion, 1.3""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 8619. I hi E 2. LlTHAGRION UMBRATUM. PI. 13, Figs. 12, 14. Two specii^'^ns, one a complete vving, the other lacking only the extreme base and an insignificant fraction of the apical margin, represent this species. Both appear to be u])per wings. The wings are hyaline at base and tip, faintly or distinctly clouded on the disk, the clouded portion having distinct lines of separation from the hyaline area; the iinier line is straight and transverse, crossing the wing from the second jmstcubital veiidet ; the outer line is bent or curved some- what, subparallel to the apical margin, and runs fron> the middle of the j)terostigma to a little beyond the apex of the short sector, bending on the nodal sector. The wings are petiolated very nearly up to the first postcostal nervule, which is placed shortly Itefore the base of the quadrilateral. Ultra- nodal sector originating from a cro.ss vein a little distance be ondthe nodal and shortly before a point midway between the nodus and pterostigma; its course is more or less zigzag at its origin and again in the middle, but is uiostly simple ; inferior sector of the triangle straight in its basal half, NEUROPTERA— ODONATA-AGRIONINA. 137 beyond more or lesa irregular, increasingly so towards its apex, where it bends upward so as more gradually to approach the border, and finally ends close to the superior sector of the triangle in a cross vein ; many of the cellules in the apical half of the postcostal space are broken by cross veins forming a broken supplementary sector here, and the same thing occurs feebly in the interspace above. Pterostigma scarcely more infumated than the disk of the wing, expanding slightly in the middle, about four times as long as broad, surmounting five to six cellules. Quadrilateral very slender, five or six times as long as its basal breadth, its lower about one-fourth longer than its upper side, its outer side oblique. Nodus rather more than one-third way from the base to the pterostigma ; twenty-seven postcubitals. Wings rather stouter than in L. hyalinum. Length of wing, 34.5'""' ; breadth in middle, 8.5""'" ; in middle of petiole, LS""; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 18"'"*; from nodus to base, 10.5™"'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6927, 8163. Legion AGRION de Selys. All the fossil species of this group, both in Europe and America, have been referred to the genus Agrion, which is by far the richest of its mem- bers at the present day. AGRION Fabricius. This genus, in recent times one of the largest and most cosmopolitan of the legion to which it belongs, is I'epresented in the rocks by a single species in Europe, A. aglaope Heer from Oeningen, and the two species from America here described. Besides these a single inmiature species has been found in Europe (Oeningen) and another in America (Florissant), which are placed in this group as typical of the Agrionina. Tiie genus is, as stated, cosmopolitan, but its richest representation is in the tropics, and in the northern hemisphere at least it is more richly de- veloped in the New World. The two species here described from wings are not sufficiently perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are certainly closely related to each other and appear to be most nearly allied to Amphiagrion or else to Pyrrhosoma or Erythromma, i \m 1 m \ .1 :» 111 138 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. The American fosHil species of Agrion which are represented by their winga may be separated as foUows : Table of Iht ipecieii of Agrion, Four niitoiimlal celliiloB below thti hIiuH Hector; niitenodal portion of the eonta ocarcely arched, 1. A. maticetceni. Three auteoodal celliileii below the abort sector ; anteiiodal portlou of the costa Dotlceably archnl. 'i. A. tXHulariii. 1. AOKION MA8CE8CEN8. PI. 13, Pigs. 8, 9. This species is roprosonted by a pretty well preserved specimen and its reverse showing most of the body, a part of tlie legs and the wings, but tlie latter confused by the overlying of those of one side upon those of the other. The head is preserved only enough to show its form, which has nothing j)eculiar, and the same may be said of tl.o thorax. Seven joints of the slemler abdomen are preserved, the second of which indicates that the specimen is a male. The head and thorax with the legs are black, but the abdomen is colorless: the legs are doubled up, the femora about as long as the breadth of the head, and the tibial spines, of whic'.i there are seven or eight in a row, are a little shorter than the interspaces between adjacent ones The wings are scarcely depressed at the nodus, the antenodal por- tion of the costal margin almost straight, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, alike on ooth wings, the only difference being in a slightly greater obliquity of the outer and inner margins (and especially of the outer) and the slightly shorter lower margin in the front wing ; very pale fuliginous, fading out towards the margins, margined with heavy blackish veins, surmounting a single cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates far before the basal postcostal norvule, which is situated slightly nearer the second than the first antecubital nervule. The an-ulus is directly beneath the second antecubital nervule. There are apparently eleven jjostcubitals on the fore wing and there are ten on the hind wing. Quadrilateral of the fore wings with the inner and upper side of similar length and half as long as the lower side ; on the hind wings the inner side is consideraljly shorter than the upper, and the latter nearly three-fifths the length of the lower ; four antenodal cellules below the siiort sector ; the petiolation begins unusually near the base of the wing or considerably l>efore the first antecubital nervure. The nodal orig- ft ! NEUROPTERA -ODONATA— AGBIONINA. 139 inateB rather less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostignm ; the sub- nodal terminHtes quite beyond the extreme tip of the ptorostigma, the median below its tip, the short sector, whicli ends in a zigzag course, before the ptorostigma and below the origin of the ultranodal ; the superior sector of the triangle, whicli is straight to the tip, midway between the origin of the nodal and the pterostigma ; and the inferior sector of the triangle, which becomes zigzag a little beyond the nodus, terminates a little before the last. Length of wings, 21.3""'; breadth, 4.6"'"'; distance from nodus to base, 7.25"""'; toarculus, 3 4'"™; to center of pterostigma, riiV""'; breadth of head, 3.5'""'; diameter of eyes, 1.25™"'; length of thorax, 5'""'; of femora, 3™™; of tibial spines, 0.25™™; of abdomen (seven joints), 24.5™™; of first joint, O.G"'™; second, 1.8™™; third, 4.4™™; fourth, 6™™; fifth, 4.6™™; sixth, 4.6™"; seventh, 3.4"'™; width of last, 1.2"™. While the venation of the wing proves that this insect belongs in the legion Agrion, the unusually short petiolation of the wing shows that it can not be referred to Telebasis, and the short spines of the tibiic that it can not be an Argia. To which of the numerous subgenera of Agrion it should be referred can not be determined at present, but from the apparent want of postocular spots and the early origin of the inferior sector of the triangle it would appear to be most nejitly allied to Ampliiagrion or else to Pyrrho- soma or fi^rythromma. If to tiie former its affinities are with tropical American forms ; if to the latter witii temperate forms of either hemisphere Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6824, 7158. 2. Agrion exsulabis. PI. 13, Fiff. 0. A single nearly perfect wing differs so slightly from A. masceacens that it would appear to belong to the same restricted genus, although from our ignorance of the length of its tibial spines it might be considered an Argia. The wing, which is apparently an upper one, is a little depressed at the nodus, the antenodal portion of the costal margin being somewhat arched, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, the outer and inner margins considerably oblique, the outer perhaps the more so, fuliginous, margined, especially within, with heavy black veins, surmounting rather more than one cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates before the basal postcostal nerv- 140 TKKTIARY INSKCT8 OF NORTH AMKRICA. .3 ! F I ulu orjuHt beiieuth tlio lirst iinti'ciibital ; tlio petiolutiuii lilicvetoro bojjfiiiH at thirt point; tliu busiil postcoital lii'H midway betwuun thu two'aiitucubitalH; tljo arciihiM i» (liivrtiy Itciu'atli the socoiid aiitcciibital norvrilo ; thuro aro olt'veii postculiitals : <|iia(h'ibitcral witli its iiiiuT sido scarcidy shortor tban its upptT, tbe lattiT bait' as Ion;;' as tbo lowoi side; tlireo unteiiodal I'uUult's below tlio rtliort Hoctor. Tlio iiltranodal ori^'iiiati's oidy two cellules betbro the pteroHtij^nia ; tlie nodal at scarcely less than lialf-way t'roin tlie nodus to the pterostif^nia; the subnodal tenninates just below the tip of the ptero- stifjfnia, the median beK>\v its middle ; the short sector, which has a zij^zajf course in the outer tV)urth of the wing, tcrmiiuites apj)arently below the base of the pterosti.ro diwrilxMl from tlio Now. Of tlioOld World typnH ono is niondy muntioiicd by IIji<,''('m an found in amix'r and in n^prasontod «)nly by tho tip of a winjf. A HiH-ond, from lionxMnouth in Kn^^land, lias Ixu'U ti;^iii-od by (Josh witliout a namo. It appears to bolon;;; to tbo snb^onu8 Hasiicschna, but, an it in ('cr- tainly incorrm'tly drawn in Homo particulars, it may bo in tlios(>, sucli as tho simplitMty of tlm subnoda! sector, upon wliicli this suj^j^estion is based. The other two, .Eschna polydoro and vE. tyche from Oeningen, were descril)ed nearly thirty-five years ago by Ileor, and aro certainly very closely allied, though distinct, as Ilcr pointed out. They seem to belong pretty c(»r- taiidy to /Eschna s. s., and are apjiio'ently not far removed fn)m tlui Knropeaii .E. mi.xta liatr., as I judge from direct comparisons with the eiitini h^^eries referred by do Selys to ..E.schna s. s., which I have had the opportunity of studying in tho C'aml)ridgo Musenuj thntugh the favor of Dr. Ilagen. Ileer also directly compares the former to that species, as I subse(pu;ntly noted. Our independently formed opinions have therefore completely coin- cided. These two species are also very nearly allied to or ' the Anieri- cnn forms, which, however, moro closely resembles a coi American species, ^E. constricta Say. Tho other American fossil belongs to liasia*- schnn. The resemblance of the Tertiary icschnid fauna of Europe and America appears therefore to have boon tolerably close. (September, 1883.) .I-^SC'HXA Fabricius. All the fossil .Eschniija known, excepting one (an Anax), belong to ..Eschua, two European and one American to ^Eschna proper, and one from each country to Hasia>scluia ' The species of .Eschna from Florissant known by their wings may bo separated thus : Tahlf of Ihi HiihgcKrra of .I\Hchna. Siil)iir«Htii(iiia liiinUy iiioic lliuii tlin-r tiiiii's uh Ion;; in lirimil anil inily oiKt-l'iiiirtli uh ion;; iin tliu h|iiicu lictwi'ttii it itnil tliK iiihIiih t. ./'.'nvAnii *. h, Siiliiimliil Hi'ctiir Hiiii|ili<, NI»TKRA— ODONATA— .K8CIININA. 143 1. Hubj(enu8 .(Ehciina Solyn. TtiU f^i'oiip of tlio ffoittiH vKrtoliiia in ii c(>Hino|)<)litnii one, iitid iiu'.ltidoH ft lar^for proiiortion of the Hpntiit^s timii iiiiy otimr. To it lutlonj,'' two Kiiro|Kuin and oiio Aiiioi'icaii fonHil MjiocitJH, all idoHoly allionly in the brftadest possible sense, but they are insufK- cient to give further determination. They evidently represent four or five of the terminal segments of the body, there being first three segments of e(pial breadth and a similar length, a lltth^ longer than liroad, with a slight median carina; and then three others without a median carina and with continually decreasing length, the first of them (probably the eighth seg- ment) lialf as long as the preceding, but of the same width ; the next half as long as the one which precedes it, but narrower, and the last still narrowei- (but imperfect). Length of the fragment, 20""'; of its third (seventh f abdominal) seg- ment, 4.5"""; breadth of same, 3 5. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No.s. 4175 and 4176. Suborder PLANIPENNIA Burmeister. The colle.'tions obtained at Florissant enibra(!e eight genera and thir- teen species of planipennian Neuroptera. All of the species and four of the genera are new, and belong to four families. The Kaphidiida- are the most numerous, embracing Kaphidia, with a single species, and Inocellia with tour ; the species referred to IJaphidia hardly belongs to it in a strict sen.se, since tlie costal vein is excessively short, there are no costal veinlets, and the sectors do not origiiuite obliquely from the radius, but more indirectly by transverse veins ; all the species of Inocellia, which fall into two sections, differ from living types and also from the species found in Oligocene amber of the Baltic in having no transverse series of regular discoidal areoles be- low the pterostignia. A single species of Osmylus repre.sents tlui Henu!- robida', and differs from living forms, as does ulsit the auklter species, in the simple cliara(!ter of the costal nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the limited supply of cross-veins in the basal half of the wing, giving this region a verv different appearance from its rather close reticulation in It may here be notiicd that a s a verv jjeiieral rule tne neu- th modern types. ration of the winij- is much closer in moch-rii I'lanineiuiia than in their Tei tiary representatives. NEUEOPTERA— PLANJ PENNIA. 147 l''here are four species of Chrysopida;, referable to two genera, eacli of them extinct; Chrysopidft liave not before been recognized in Tertiary strata, the single species poorly figured by Andrii, and never carefully studied, being much more probably one of the Ilemerobidra, These two genera, called Pahvochrysa and Tribochrysa, are allied to the living Nothochrysa, but differ from modern types in the zigzag course of the upper cubital vein, and in its direction, which is through the middle of the wing, as well as by the smaller number of sectors and the entire absence of any transverse series of grado.te veinlets ; Paheochrysa is represented by a single species, Tribochrysa by three, and the genera differ from each other in the course of the upper cubital vein, which in Palseochrysa is direct and bordered by comparatively uniform cells, while in Tribochrysa it is doubly bent in tin middle, and is therefore bordered by very unequal cells. Two species of Panorpida? have been found, one of which is referable to a new genus, IIol- corpa, which differs from Panorpa in the entire absence of cross-veins, and is remarkable for the spots on the wings. All these liave been discovered at Florissant only. No planipennian Neuroptera liave been found in the Green River shales, but the Tertiary beds of liritish Columbia have fur- nished a single species of Ilemerobida^ belonging to an extinct genus allied to Micromus, and wliich T have called Bothromicromus ; and we have re- mains of one of the Sialidai from beds of Laramie age in Colorado, which is introduced hero. The numl)er of species of Tertiary Planipennia is nearly doubled by the discoveries already made in the American Tertiaries, but the families, and es- pecially the genera, are very differently represented on the two continents ; thus the Rapliidiida' have in Europe only one species of Inocellia, while, on the otlier liand, the Ileraerobida' show one or more species each of Nymphes, Sisyra, Hemoi-obius, and Osmylus. The Chrysopidjip, as stated, are unrepresented, although two species are known from the Jura. The Pant>rpida' have one species of Panorpa and tlu-ee of Bittacus. while there are also two spcn^ies of Ascalaphus and one each of Myrmeleon, Chau- liodes, and Coniopteryx, belonging to families not found fossil in this coun- try. (September, 1S83.) t ;: ! % II 148 TEUTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family SIALINA Leach. This family is composed ot' two groups, each represented in our rocks. As tliey ditl'er somewhat remarkably in history and distribution, such gen- eral remarks as can be made will appear in contrasting the statements which follow under each. Subfamily SIALID/E Stepheuss. The Sialidie are evidently an expiring type. A considerable number of Paleozoic forms have l)een referred, with more or less reason, to it or its vicinity, and certainly the resemblance of its modern genera to tlie bulk of the ancient neuropteroid types is greater than can be affirmed of any other modern group. Yet even in the Mesozoic period we know of comparati\ely few examples; TIagen refers an undescribeds])eciesfrom the Jura toC^ory- dahis; Westwood figures a Sialium from the Purbecks, and the species given here, belonging to the disputed Laramie beds, is known only by its egg- masses ; I have also shown that the larval Mormolucoides articulatus Hitchc. from the Connecticut River sandstones is to be regarded as a sialid. In Tertiary times, where the number of insects known is vastly increased, we find no greater representation. One species only, Chauliodes prisca, from the amber, is well known ; Gravenhorst and Burmeister spcik of a Semblis from amber, which may bo the same as Ilagen's, above mentioned ; and an insect's leg from Rott has been doubtfully referred here. No si)ecies of this group has been found in the American Tertiaries. So too we find the exist- ing species very meager as compared with other families of Neuroptera ; but that some existed in American Tertiaries can. not be doul>ted by any who win compare our huge living Corydaltis with the still more gigantic Corydalites from the Laramie beds. (September, 1883.) CORYDALITES Scudder. CorydaUlm .Sciidil.r, Bull. {'. .lane with the leaf, those touching it in concentric rows, the rest packed in irregularly.' In the tb.ssil ootliecji the mass is much hvrgor and more ohmgated, and possensoa Ites'uU's one characteristic in which it difiers strikingly from tliat of Corydahis (and on whicli account particuhirl}' 1 have used a new generic appelhition), viz, the division of its mass into two hmgitudinal and equal lialves by an albuminous wall, or ratlior by double albuminous walls, which mry be parted above, leaving as the only connection between the two halves their common albuminous floor. There are indeed a few specimens which show no sign of this division, Ijut a median furrow, or n deeper and more complete separation of the two halves, is so prevalent that this seems to be the only explanation to be offered for its apjjcarance. Tlieir absence in the few specimens is prol»ably due to defect of preserva- tion. The connnon albuminous floor and the upper and outer albuminous coating are of remarkable thickness, varying from one to three milli- meters; but the coating attenuates to a mere lamella as it i)asses down the median furrow, so that when the mass remained (piiet in the position in which it was laid, the lateral halves pressing closely against each other, the combined thickness of the two all)uminous walls woidd together no more than equal the ordinary thickness of the albuminous partition between any two contiguous eggs. That such a ])artition existed even in those which do not now show it seems ])robal>le from the regularity of the furrow in every instance of its occurrences and l)v its prevalence; some specimens merely show a sharp groove along the middle, the halves remaining in complete juxta{)osition ;'" others again are so completely separated as to be curled over and meet beneath (Figs. 19, 23). 'I'his, together with the fact that the egg-mass is otherwise extremely regular (showing only so little plasticity as to allow one broad side to be straight, while the (»pposite is a little convex) and never exhibits the slightest tendency to coil longitudinally, lea Is me to believe that the egg-masses were laid i < the water of shallow basins, upon the muddy floors, which ' I'roc. Am. Ahmoo. Ail. Sci., vol. "i."), |(|(. 'J77-'27-'. 'Thi'Kn .M|>(>ciiiiriis arc soiiio from wbidi wtatlii'iiii;; lias rtMiKivml their outer ulbiimiiKiiiH cuatin;; ; |icTlia]iN, if tluH liail remaini'il, thu furrow would have beuu cuucualeil by tliu cumpleto union uf Miu uttiugi'ut ulbuiiiiiiouH wailH. > ' ll._,^ NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IAL1NA. 151 could be reached by the abdometi of the insect while resting upon a stone or overhanging twig. In this medium the albuminous secretion would ex- pand to the utmost ; if the bunch of eggs remained undisturbed, it would present us with the more regulnr hirudiniforni masses that have been found ; if rolled about by the disturbance of the waters, the tM-o halves would curl toward each other more or less closely, forming a subcylindrical mass, and inclose between their approaching walls more or less of the mud in which they are rolled. This is exactly the appearance of most of them now, inclosing the same substances as that within which they and the accompany- ing Biilimi and other fresh-water moliusks lie embedded.' These masses differ from those of Corydalus in the extraordinary amount of albuminous matter which surrounds both the entire mass (Fig. 16) and each individual eg;g (Fig. 7). This is perhaps to be explained by the medium in which they appear to have been laid, and will in part account for the vast size of the ootheca, which are much larger than any mass of insect eggs which I can find noticed. The size of the mass, however, is also due to the greater inagnitud*) of the eggs themselves, which are twice as long as and pi'oportionally larger than those of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 21), and lead to the conviction that we are to look in the rocks of the Laramie Group for an insect of great magnitude, closely allied to our Corydalus, itself the largest of all known Sialina. It can hardly be doubted that it must have been at least double the size of the living type. The number of eggs li.id is about or nearly the same as in Corydalus, presuming, in either case, all to be laid at once. Compared with the eggs, the albuminous substance surrounding them is nnich softer, more or less friable, and easily removed, being everywhere composed of fibers running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg. The weathering of the specimens has been such that in sev- eral instances the whole albuminous cap has been removed, and in others a large part also of the interovular partitions, leaving the eggs standing erect, each separated from its neighbors by from one-third to one-half its own thickness. In many cases the eggs can be i)ulled from their cells; and, al- though frequently flattened, they may be studied almost as well as if living. The eggs (Fig. 21) have an average length of 2.6""" and a central Tliu (li'iioNit ill wliicli they oucur ixii I'lcsli-wateroue; but Mr. Lc[,iiii.T': StnplieiiH. IlitliiTtti only Olio s|H't'i('s of tliis group litis been foiiiid in Tertiiiry beds, hikI itH curlier oxiHtonce is tmknowii ; tliis Hin^i'lo iiistanco is Iiiocoilin oriyoim f'ntiu iiniher. Now, however, we find them in the rocIcH theinselvPH, 118 five species from Fh»"iHHiint are before us, one boh)iijjiiig probably to Raphidia, the others to Inoeellia. This is perhaps one of the most striking of the facts yet discovered in the American Tertiaries; fctr the known species of this family not only are exclusively n«)rth temperate', but almost exclusively geroiit(»geic, the only form known from this country east of the Sierra Nevadas being a (probably introduced) European species; S(!veral, however, are known from the west coast, whoso insect fauna is w«'ll known to have very strong European, or at least geroiitogeic, atHiiiti(ts. A point of additional interest is the fact that so many species of Inocellia are found and only one of Haphidia (and that doubtful), when Uaphidia is very rich and Inocellia very poor in species at the present time. As alreaily stated, the amber species is also an Inocellia. (September, 188.').) 7'(i6J« of Ike gentra of HaptiidiiJa'. l'U>roHtigina rrnitgiMl by vviiilcta and tlierufure ooiiipuocd of iiioiu than oiu-coll; wiii((N tliruu timcR as Ion;; iM lironvtur of tin* front wlu)( (or tlin Hoclor wliloli truvurniiii tlii> initlillo nf tint wIiik itbiive tho ou> Itllikl i'cIIn) iiriHiiiK (rum n lirokcn HrilcH iif tritiiHviTHi' vritiN cDiiiicvtiiiK tli« riitliiiH niiil ikiial v»iu 1. /. rflrrana. Central rn'otor of tint front wliii; itrUing In tlio an)(li< c>r, iinil ItlmicthiK, tint l)««ttl veil foruntd Ity thtt Junction of tl»< nxlliiH and itN liUNnl britunli. Lonxitnilinul row of ( itlN lirlow tint rntliiiH uf ri|iiikl or iin)>it<|nnl leiiRtli. Kront w\ng nliont two unil it liitif thni>M Ioiikit lliiiii Wroiiil ; I'l-IU JmhI itliovi* tlin cnltltnl ri>llM no lonKi'r tliiin Ihity anil Nliortitr tliuu tlioHo in tlio row JiiHt linni'iilli tlitt riMlhrn; )iro- lliornx HlrohKly la|i<>rinK.. 'i. /. mimtiulfKlii. Front winK more tliun tliri'o tiiiit'H ox lon){ m broad ; I'ldU juwl uliovit tlir cnbilul rellN iniii'li lougttr tban thny and rw Iuok uh tbow) In the row Jnit httnttntli tint ritiliuH; prothorax ■■i|iiikl. :i. /. liiiuHlala. liOnKitndiual row of culU nitxt below tbit rodiimof very unui|iinl Ittugth 4, J. ittnla. 1. InoCKLLIA Vr.TKUANA. IM. 14, Fig. 1. A sinj^le specimen luis been found, in whicili the two front wingn are preserved with an obscure body, hickinj;' the head. This front wiiiff iu eon- Hidi'ialtly lonjjftM- than thora.x and abdomen tov the radiiiH, tho tliinl from tho Itarto reaching tho tniddio of tho ptoroHtigina. The iiiuiiIkm' of Huotoi'H \h ho largo that, omitting th(« marginal coIIh, there aro Hix radiating HorioH of coIIh botwoen tlto radiuHi\iid tho anal vein. The I'ollHof tho marginal Horio» aro of vory varying wizo and Hliapo, but tho voiiiH wliii'h form thoin aro vory rarely forked. f .ongth of thorax and abdomen, 7.5""" ; of wing, 9'""' ; l)roadtli of muno, 26""". Florisnaiit. Ono Hpeelinon, No. LSSfj, obtained by tho Princeton Expe- dition. 2. Xi^OCKLLIA SOMNOLENTA. IM. 14, Fij?. 12 ( 9 ). One rtpecimen belonging here, with its reverse, consiHts of n head and thorax with fragments of legs and wings, among the latter one nearly per- fect front wing overlying part of a hind wing. The head is slender and vory long oval in shape; the thorax stout with a greatly and regularly tapering prothorax forming anteriorly a very slender neck. Front wing well rounded, rather broad for its length, though its exact breadth can not bo told from the broken edges. The neuration is distinct and black, the |)tero8tigma faint, fuliginous, long, and equal, about four times as long as broad, squarely margined basally, obliipicly margined distally. The costal margin is nearly straight, gently and slightly expanded, tho subcostal vein terminating upon it before it ro.aches the pterostigma by nearly the length of the latter. Beyond tho basal cell, which is bisected by tho last sector, and correspor.ds to the coll situated within the broken series of transverse vcinlets in I. veterana, there are immediately below the radius three very long subpentagonal cells, tho second reaching beyond the middle of the l)terostigma. Omitting tho cells which border the margin, there are five radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cells are fairly large, varying much in .shape but rarely more than twice as long as broad, the terminal veinlets next the margin frequently and widely forked. »' 158 TI«]irriAUY INSKCTS OF l^OUTii AAJEUKIA. Length of lioixd, 2""" ; hreiultli of same, O.H""" ; length of thorax, 4.5""'; bveadtli of same, 2.4""": broatltli of neck, 0.;5"""; probable length of pro- thora.x, 2"'"'; its broudth at l)ase, 1.75""": length of fore wing, 7"'"' ; its prob- able breadth, 2.5"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 937.'{ and 103Hi). Anot'-.cr specimen shows tho apical half of two overlappiiig fore wings, which (lifter so little from the preceding that 1 place it here at least provis- ionally : it difters princi|)ally in the point of immediate origin of one of the veins terminating in the apex, which in the specimen lirst described origi- nates in the d'.stal, in this specimen in the proximal of the two cells inune- diately beh-sv the pterostigma. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2603. 3. Inocellia tumulata. PI. 14, Fig. ir. ( s ). The spec'es is rep'-esented by a single specimen and its reverse in which the entire bod.>- and nearly the whole of the four wings are pre- served. The head is obscure and ill-defined in part, with no appendages preserved, oI)pyriform in shaj)e, Iieing broadest in the middle of the anterior half or about three-fourths the length, the front broadly rounded, behind tapering rapidly, so tlia.t the ba.se is narrower than the narrow neck formed of the prothoraeic segment. This is n(.'i4rly four times longer than broad, less than half as broad as the head and apj)arently ecjual, though the imperfection of the part renders this doul»fful. The meso- and meta- tlioracic mass is robust, nearly twice as broad as the head, while the abdo- men is only a little broader than the head, equal, and somewhat longer than the rest of the I)ody. The legs, excepting the fragment of a iiind femur, are not j)n'Sirved. The wings, and especially the front pair, which is considerably longer than the hind j)air, are longer than the thorax and abdomen together and more than tinee times as long as broad. One front wing is almost entirely preserved and separate from the others, so as to be ( .sily studied: the other front wing, of which only a fragment can be seen, overlies the over- l.ipping ajid reversed himl w!n<>s: the\ do not so closely overlap as to confnsi' the neurati>)n greatly, and hence nearly the wiiole can be deter- NEUliOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IALINA. 159 minpfl, or as far as it, is preservod. Tho front, wing is long and rather slendor, slightly enlarging apically, so ns to he l)roadest at, the inner half of the pterostig- v^, the apex well rounded, the costal margin straight, at base broken so that one may not say wiiether the wings were here expanded or not. The veins of the front wing are black, of the hind wings blackish brown. The pterostignia of the front wings is of moderate size, very dark fuliginous, its proximal margin transverse, its '^'..k1 very oblique; except- ing its tapering apical portion, it is nearly equa' in f ■■ ,.dth or slightly enlarg- ing in the middle and about twice as long as 'i-oa like those of mod(;rn species but more distant from tin; apex of the wing. The hind wing differs from the front wing principally in form, tlie apical half being less equal, and in the shortness of the long sub- radial cell of the front wings, which is no loiiger than the next outside of it; the series of cross-veins originating above at the middle of the pterostigma is more broken, but falls whollv without the jtroximal end of the ptero- stigma, so that the three areoles form a vertical instead of an (tblioue series; [111 NEIJUOPTBKA— PLANIPENNIA— nEMEROBINA. 161 the cubital cells can not be deterniiiied in the front wing, but are apparently, as here, pretty larj^e and broad and rarely if ever twice as long as brc ad, while nearly all the other large cells (especially in the front wings) are very long and slender as in I. tumulata, the transverse veins being few. The marginal veinlets of both wings are simply and widely forked on the lowei", and sometimes on the apical, border. Length of wings, 10.5"""; breadth, 2.7"'"'. This species is evidently more nearly allied to I. tumulata than to any of tiie others, and ditlers from it, not onl}- in the points brouglit out in the description, but also in the closer venation of the margin of the wing. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 83l!>, 1)39 1. Family HEMEROBINA Hagen. The two subfamilies llemerobidiB and Chrysopidaj which form this group are opposittjjy re[)re.sented in the Tertiaries of the Old and New Worlds. The former arc well represented in l*]urope and poorly represented in this country: tlic hitter are well furnislieil with species in this country and are unrepreseiitcil in Kurope Tiie figures stand as follows: Ilemero- l)i(l;v', four geniTii, six species, iMiropc, vs two genera, two species, America; Chryscipidic, noiic, Miiropi;, vs. two genera, four species, America. Compare this with tlieir i)r('sriit distriltution as indicated Ijy Hagen in his Synopsis syiu)nymica (ISfld) : Ilcmcntl/Khe, ten genera, forty species, Kurope, vs. eight genera, tliirty-oni^ species, AmiM-ica ; Olirysopida', two genera, forty- one species, Europe, vs. oik* genus, tliirty-one species, America. Here the relation between Ain(>ric;i and i^iUropi^ is ahnost precisc^lv the same in tiie two countries, a rehition wliich tiiids no sort of explanation in the distribu- ti(m of the two groups in the Terriaries. (Septeml)er, lS(S3.) Suhlhimly HEMKUOBin/E Stephens. rjonsideritiii the abundance of American Tertiary Neuroptera and the ?ral>le number of Hemerobidic ( four genera, six or more species) feuni ill tlie IVrriary l)eils of Europe — inustly in amlter — it is somewhat ^■qirising to tind i>nly a couple of species in our .Vmerican Tertiaries. One of these, Osmyhis. from Florissant, is also represented in amber and the two species agnse t(»getiK« in certain features which distinguish them from VOL Xlli 11 1C2 TKKTIAHY IX.SEOTS OF NORTH AMKUICA. niock'ni forms The otli«r, iin extinct g'oims, Hothroniicromiis, from Hritisli Columbia, is very difterent from imy the Europeiin Terticaries i)osse88. OSMYLUS Latroille. The species we have placed here a{frees somewhat closely with the species from amber, Osm. ])ictus, referred by Hagen to this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse coloring in the wings, as well as in sonie minor points of the neiwation, as in the distance of the outer series of gra- date veinlets from the outer border of the wing, their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the regularity of the inner series of gradate veiidets, as well as the structure of the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree togetlier, and disagree with living types in tlic simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller num- ber of sectors, and the fiiaracfer of the basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces arc re:.ni1ar ami i)roken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of Iteiug so iiumerously supjjlied as to break up the field into an almost unit^iriu and minute reticulation. The two fossil species Would therefore appesir to form a section apart. (September, 1883.) OSMYLIIS REQlTIETUS. ri. 14, Fijrs. ;j. 8. Three specimetij^. tsvoof them witii their counterparts, have been found, in which the wings are |»articidariv well preserved, and in which something also can be made out of the Im»i4v atw4 the antenna'. The body is of the usual form, the .slender aiitenna JM^r ;i it tlie length of the body, composed of niuititudinons cvliiidrical, >mootli joint-., a littU; longer than broad and peiii-ctlx' e(|ii.d. Tlie wings are verv large, the extremity of the abdomen reaching only as far a*< their middle when «'losed, and nearly three times as long as broad, broad«sf a littU- berond the middle. Tliev have the shape of those of ('hrv>op;i, »',<• costal margin l«ciiig suddenly curved downward ju.st before tlic rip to meet tlic upturned cur\e of the inner margin, which is bent be- yond the iiiiddic of the wiuL;- and meets the costal margin below the middle of the rip of tlic wing, the latter barcK angnlated; besides, however, the costal margin is a little expamit d near the base : the costal area, broad at the itast; and made a little more so b\ the slight defection of the subcostal I NEUKOPTERA— PriANIPRNNIA— IIEMEROIUNA. 163 1 vein necar tlie base and opposite the expansion of the costal margin, narrows very gradually towards the apex, and by the deflection of the subcostal vein next the tip is carried to the very angulation at the apex, filled throughout with very numerous, oblicpie, straight, and simple cross-veins. The radius runs in exceedingly close proximity to the subcosta until the margin begins to curve decidedly downward, when it unites with it. I have not been able to detect certainly any basal or other cross-vein between the two, though there are in some specimens slight indications of what may be one near the origin of the main sector ; they certainly do not occur elsewhere. The main sector originates from the radius near the base of the wing, runs near to and parallel with it to the apex, and is connected with it by many (eight or nine) cross-veins ; from it arise eight or nine parallel, oblicpie, and nearly straight sectors, making in all about a dozen series of equal oblique interspaces in the wing, broken in the apical half of the wing by a couple of series of gradate veinlets, the outer not very far removed from the posterior margin and subparallel to it, finally merging in one of the basal branches of the radius, and from which spring the marginal veinlets wiiicli are usually deli- cately forked at the very border ; the inner row is parallel to the outer and about as far from it as it is from the margin. Witliin this the interspaces are broken by a dozen or more irregularly scattered rather distant cross- veins, nnu'li asin Osm. ])ictus()f tlie Prussian amber, but very different in- deed from the living types of the genus, as already stated under the genus. The margins >f the wings are spai'sely furnished with delicate hairs, and similar liairs may be seen on some of the veins, es))ecially near the margins, but at great distances, or fartiier apart tiian the length of the hairs. The hind wing does not differ essentially from the front wing, excepting in the width of the costal area. Length of body, !).75"""; of antennte, 10"""; of front wing, i:..;?;')"'"' ; breadth of same, 5.35"'"'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8839, 13012 and 135.'57, 13538 and 141()8. BOTHROMICROMUS Scudder. UolliroiiiirroiiuiH .ScmM., lli'i). (jciil. .Siirv. Ciiii., lH7(i-'77, -IllJ (1S78). "^riiis genus agrees with Micromus in lacking the recurrent vein above the costal vein next the base of the front wing, and differs from it in the very wide expansion of the costal area at this point and in the possession of -8 u it fi 1G4 TEltTIAUY INSI-]CTS OP NORTH AMERICA. ^' i numerous sectors. In these respects it agrees with Drepanepteryx, but the wing is not fiilcute, and notwithstanding the wide expanse of the costal area the recurrent nervtile is wanting, all the veinlets of tliis area arising next tlie base, as elsewhere, from the subcosta. The wing is shaped much as in Megalonnis, to which, inch^ed, it is closely allied, being broad at the base, very gradually increasing in width aj»ically, the extremity rounded, with no abrupt emargination or falcation, l)ut with ihe inner angle strongly ex- cised. At the base the costal area is nearly as broad as the remainder of the wing; the costal veinlets are all furcate and apparently connected, much as in Drepanepteryx, Ijy a single line of inosculating veinlets, dividing the area in two nearly e(pial longitudinal halves. The costa and subcosta run side by side in the closest proximity, but are apparently separated to the apex. Sectors extremely numerous, with a single cou)plete series of gradate vein- lets in the middle of the wing, and another, apparently crossing only the lower half of liie wing, jnore than half-wa}- between this and the outer nuirjjin : veins and margins verv shortlv ciliat<'d. The gejuis also seems peculiar in the structure of the maxillary palpi, the basal joint of which is half as broad again as long ; the second and thii'd joints subequal, moniliform ; the fourth aj)parently oidy half as broad as the previous, but of ecpial length, and the termimd again slenderer, but twice as long, being conical, pointed, and unarmed, while the others are furnished on the aj)ical half with scattered seta*. Antenna* submoniliform, the joints near the base of e(pud length and breadth, the basal joint double the width of the others ; no hairs can be seen upon the antennal joints. IJoTHRO.MICROMr.S LACHLANI. PI. 2, VigH. 7-10. Bolhromieromus lachlaui Scitdd., Ki-p. (ieol. Siirv. Cni>., 187(>-'77, 4(12-463 (1878). One front wing and a part of the head with its appendages are pre- served on No. ;i6, with a pale, browni.sh tint to the wing, while the reverse, on No. 37, is wholly colorless. The only parts of the head preserved are one eye and a portion of the other, indicated by a broad, black, annular ring; also a few of the basal joints of the antenna-, and both maxillary palpi, crossing each other ami detached irom tin; head. 'Hie wing is strongly expandeil at the extreme costal base; beyond this the co.stal border is straight, with a scarcely percej)th 'e emargination nearl} to the tip. The NEUliOrTEUA— I'LANiriiNNlA— UKMEliOUlNA. 165 inner margin ia almost equally straight, but faintly convex. The extreme tip of the wing falls in the middle of the upper half; below it the wing is strongly excised, but well rounded at the tip and lower outer angle. The shape of the wing, therefore, resembles closely that of Micromus hirtus of Europe. The cubitals are, if anything, more numerous than the veinlets of the costal area, and beyond the origin of the anterior cubital vein ten origi- nate from the subcosta itself in the basal half of the wing. The iirst and second of these fork and subdivide several times before rea. iWi; the mar- gin, or even long before reaching the first series of gradate veinlets, while the third to the ninth are simple, either (^uite or almost as far as tlio very margin. The tenth again forks close to its origin, and the outer sectors originate from its upper branch, which is connected with the costa by infre- quent cross-nervules. The wing is of a pale woodbrown color, the veins margined with a line of dull, pale yellow, and the darker brown of the inter- spaces broken frequently by a slightly paler tint, so as to give the wing a minutely blotched appearance, only visible under the lens. The two series of gradate veinlets are again accompanied by a slightly darker tint, giving the wing the api)earance of being crossed by two oblique, d-isky lines. All the margins are miiuitely and sparingly ciliated, and similar black, rather distant hairs are scattered indiscriminately over the wing, lioth upon the membrane and veins, but sliowing a certain tendency to follow the course of the latter. At the extreme lower base of the wing they are seen to have their origin from minute papilhe, less than one hundredth of a millimeter in diameter, and averaging a twentieth of a millimeter apart Length of wing, 9.5""" ; greatest breadth, 4.25"'"' ; l>readth at base, 3""°; diameter of eye, 0.45""" ; length of joints of antenme near base, 0.09"'™ ; of middle joints of maxillary palpi, 0.075""" ; length of maxillary jjalpi, 0.4""". Named for R. McLachlan, Esq , the distinguished English neuropter- ologist. Quesnel, British Columbia. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, Nos. 36 and 37 of the collection. Subfamily CHKYSOPID^E Brauer. Although species referred to Chrysopa are mentioned by Andril from the rocks of Thalheim, and by Berendt in amber, the figure given by the former and the study by Hagen of the material in the hands of the latter 166 TKHTIAin' IXSKCTS Ol' NOHTH AMKUMCA. render it iiioro tliiin ]»r()l)aIiIo tliiit no Chrysopida' are yet known from the Knn)|»(';ui 'rcrtiiirics. It is tluTct'orc nil tlio nutre intorestinj.'- that we tinci at Florissant f'onr spi-cics of this oroiip referable to two genera liitherto nn- known. (< )clolH'r, ISS."}."* The ;ienera may be separaiu;! b\- tin f,.!l>nvinjf tabh;: Tahli' III' lliv yt'iiira of Clni/iiopiilii, I'lipcr ciibitiil vnin of fiunt wiiij; iliiiMl, lionliTdd liy cuiMiiiiialivrly uiiirnriii tiills 1. I'alivochrynrt. I'piiiT ciiliiliil vein i'^''0. The only materials for estaljlishing- this geiins are the wings, the strni'tnre of which does not Record with any known living or extinct tyj)e. The shajie of the wings is nmch as in Chrysopa, and they are apicallv roniided : the costal area of the front wings, narrow at b«st', rapidly e.\- j)ands and then diminishes, being broadest within the basal fourth «)f the wing. Jiy the apical union of the costal an 1 subcostal veins the area terminates some distance before the ape.x of tlu; wings, as in Hypochrvsa. The cubital area is unusualiv broad, the anterior cubital vein runniiiji' through the very middle of the wing, and the posterior cubital rather nearer the margin than to the anterior cubital, b(.»!i continuing to the ape.x of the wing: in consequein-e of this and of the preseuccf of only a single sector of the radius there are no transverse series of gradate veinlets whatever, but the secondary socttrs are to be looked on as cros.s-veinlets uniting the i)rin- cipal longitudinal veins; oiu« of the biisal cubital cellules of the anterior wings is divided nearly e(puilly, as in Nothocluysa. It is ditlicult, ]ierhaps, to sfiy to which one of the modern genera it is most nearly allied, but it appears to resemble Hypochrysa as do.sely as unv, though it agrees much more with the fossil genus Tribochrv.sa described bevond, where the distinctions between the two are pointed out. l'.\l..l.o( MKY.SA .STKKTA. IM. II, Kijis. l.'J, 11. Little besides the wings can be made out in the single specimen with its counterpai't which icpresents this species. The iront wings are a little more than two and a half times longer than broad; the costal margin, ex- panded a little near the base, is beyond that straight until it slopes down- J JiEUUOPTKUA— rLANll'KNNlA— UBMKKOHINA. 167 ward to form the well-rounded tip; the lower marfrin is rounded and lull, especially away from the base, uiakiMy one iinother a> to make a medley of veins which are very ditlicult to disentan;ile and inter- pret. It was kintation than the upper. Florissant. One specimen, Xo-^ ' 7!IH and 7.">4o. •J. 'riilHOCllUVSA -en. iinv. (rf)ifir,\ xpvad?). This genus, clearly allied t(» I'alaoeliivsa, and with it apparently a forerunner of l[\poclir\sa, is represented bv sevori ! species in the Amer- ican 'I'ertiaries, which are nnconiiiioiilv well preserved. tli(iii;;h the wiiij^s are rhe only parts which are present mi all the specimens; and it is there- fore mainly upon these that the Licnns is founded The In id is nearly twice as broad as lon^^ tlie front protnliirant, rounded, and entire, the basal joint of the anteniiic stout, bullions. >c.iicel\ ioniser than l»i"oad. twice the diameter of the stalk, the latter nearly as Ion;,'- ii- i>r even longer than the })ody. slender, delii-atelv tapering, conipnsed of simple, cylindrical, appar- ently naked joints twice as l-mg as broad. The thorax is stout, the j)rotli<>- ra.x broader than long, tapering anteriorly, otherwise snliipnidrat*'. The legs are slemler. The wings extend far be\ oiid the liody, and are of the same form as in ( 'hrysopa, the tip rounded or faintly subacuminate ; in neuratioii they resemble ', that is, the traiisversf seriiM of <4radate veinlets and inakinj,^ them a part t»f itself. Triltochrysa further dilVersfrom Nolhoclny.sauiid a^trees wifli I'alii'oi'hiysa in the slender nmnlx-r of secondary sectors or ohlirpU3 ciHws-veins, no that tho cella are larger and less elonf^ated than in Nothochrysa and (Mnysopa, standiiiyf thus at a wiiler distance from IIem(!rol)ius. The result of this movement of the tu'st cubital vein is usiudly a strikin;^- iueipiaiity of the cells on either side of it, in con- trast to their uniformity in I'aheochrysa. There is here, therefore, as in I'aheochrysa, no transverse series of yradate veiidi^ts in the proper sense, as both series are directly united with the two culiital veins. A sonuiwhat similar arraii;;<'ment may be seen in Nothochrysa fulviceps, althoii^ii that sj)ecies ditfeis fnan thesi; more widely than most of its allies in the midti- pHcity of its secondarv sectors. The same double cubital cell occurs beloW- the second subradial cell as is found in Nothochrysa and i'aheochrysa Tile species [ilaced here seem to fall into two groups, one of the spe(;ies dltVerinii' from the others in being of a coMsideral)lv laiger size, having its tirst cubital \('in originate diret^tly from tho radius, the proximal cells which lie above it less elongated fhan in the other species, and the upper (double) cubital cell (piadrangular. Tiihle of the »j)ede» of Tribochr^ta. Liirm' Hiii'ciis. First ctiljital vein arising .lircctly from the radius: llrst tiixiisviirw vein coiiui'rtiii)? radiiin ami first ciiliilal viiii l.viiit; in iliriit cimtiimatiDU of tlu'iTiiHs-vriii liosiiif; tlu' iiroxiiual I'liil of tlio ilonlilc ciiliiliii cell, makiiij; tin- ii|i|(ur, as well as tlic^ lowci'. cell iiiia(lraii},'iilar. I. T. vrluxiiila. Siiiallur H|>eeieH. I'irsi cul>ita! vinii arisiiij; fimii a liasal eross-veiii luiitiny tlie railiiis ami second eiiliital vein ; lirst transverse vein coniieitinK radius ami lirsi . iil>ital vein strikiiin the upper iiiar;;in of the double cubital cell, iiiakiii;; the upiier I'ell iieni.i^joual, while the lower remains i|uadran<;nlar. Elongated proximal cells between the maiu sector lie radius and the lirst cubital vein, four in niuulier, followed by half a (h>/,en cells of suIh .1 dlauieters 'i. T. iiwinalis. Klonj;ate(l proxinials cells, as above, I liree in number, followed by live cells of subequal iliamoti^rs. ;i. 7'. flrmuta. 170 TKKTIAin INSi:«TS Ol" NOK'TII AMKKICA. 1. 'I'KiHitciiKVHA vivrrscii.A. I'l. I I. I'iK. i». 'I'lio stone on wliitli tlio siiiy;!*) >i|u>ciiiu>ii it'tV'iTod lu're occiirs hits iinfoi'tiMiiitcly l)ccii broken acrnss t)it> \vin;;s, and the apinil half in h)Ht ; othi'iwisc ihf spccinicn woiihl ho nearly perfect, the head, tlionix, ovch, and antenna- liein;;' well pn'sei'veil, 'i'lie antenna' arn nnnsniilly short, hcin^ a little shorter than the IhhIv and in*n'e taperhi<; than nsnal in this family. The heail is well nnnidi'd, tlio oyes neither very larf^o nor jM-omi- nent, tiie prothorax taperni;; a little iintenorly, tlie huU'a a little arcuate, the front slightly connive. ()nlv the hiisal half of the wiii'^s liein;;' preserved, little can he said of them, hnt the costal inar^nn and area are much as in 'V. tirinata, and the lieuratioti is ,s(> pecniiar as to separate the species readily Iroin the others; there ar»' alunit a ilo/.eii transvers*' veins in the costal area; the transverse veins iiiiitin}.'' the radius and its .sector are rather inon* niiineroiis than in the other species of the ;;'eniis; the cross-vein nnitin;;' at I ia.se the .sector and the first cnhital vein strikes the latter so as to form a (*oiitiniiatioii of the vein closiii;r lia.sallv the (h)iihle cnhital cell : the upper of these two cells is scarcely smaller than the lower; the upper cnhital vein arises directlv from the radius without the support of a hasal cross-vein; and the proximal cells hetweeii the sector of the radius and the upper cnhital waw are, exceptint; the first (which is of irr«-}^ular shape), not .so disproportion- ntely larjic as in the other sju-cies, hein;; less than half as hioad aj^aiti .is lou;;', aliont as l(»n"'"■ ; antenna', 11""": leii^rth of wiii). The single specimen referred lii-re has all the wings superiinjwsed on one another, but in ad' is tlirt'o tiiiK^rt iin loii^r' iiH broiid, tho contiil intir^riii iiiiifoniily urcliud, tlio Imrtiil c>.\|iHiiHioii fonniii;,'' only a n^gidar part of tlio riirvti : tlu< lowt'r iiiar^nn is similarly curved Itut Mot very full, tlio winy' lu-in;;' broadest nearly as tar tint as the middle of the ouli-r half; the costal area is not vi-ry broad nor une<|ual; thu subcostal vein terminati's at tho eml of the middle third uf the win^, and is connected with the costa by twelve or thirteen cross-veins, mostly sliy:htly <)bli(|UO. There are ten subradiul cells. TIk) upper cultital vein, which springs from a slaal cross-vein nnitin^r the radius an'ated subrhondxtidal in form, the first subtrian;>'nlar, while beyond the shift they are somewhat re;;ularly h(^xa;><)nal ; on tho other hand tho cubital cells, scarcely lon;fer than broad at first, boconio in tho outer part of the win;;' twice as broad as Ion;>' and also very «>bli(pie. The basal cubital cell is divided lon;;'itU(linally into two nnecpial parallel cells, the upper the narrower; the cross-veins next the low«'r mar;''in are simple in tin? basal half of tho win;;, simply or doulily forked on the distal half. The postcostal terminates abruptly on tho hind mar;;'in, slightly far- ther out than the ori;''in of the sector of the radius, and is connected near the apex by a crctss-vein which is the coutinuaticm of that closing basallv tho double cubital cell. The neuratiitn of the hind wing, only tho lower half of which is preserved, does not differ from that of tho front wing in the slightest essential |)articnlar. Thif'i species ditlers fntm T. tirmata, to whiidi it is dosel)' allied, by its larger .size, the gre.-iter ninidter of cells Ik'Iow the sector (as indicated in the table of the species), and its broader costal area. Length of 1 tody, 11"""; t)f front wing, 14.7")"'"'; breadth of same, 4.8"'"'. Florissant. One specimen. No. IW'2. 172 TEUTIAKV INSHCTS OF >'ORTll AMBUICA. 3. Triuochkysa firmata. PI. U, Fifis. «, 7, 10, 11. Two specimens are at liaiitl, each in .v pretty good state of i)ieservatioii, showing- Iiead and antenna', the body and wing's, the hitter generally some- what contused In overlapping or folding. The head is rather small as com- pared with the thorax, and '.veil rounded, with moderately prominent eyes, and antenna- a fourth longv than the body ; the prothorr^x is also rather slender, tapering considerably, and about as long as its posterior breadth. The thorax is stout and the al)domeii half as long again as the head and tiiorax. The wings are about thi't e times as long as broad, broadest in the middle of the distal half, the co.stal margin pretty straight in the middle, rather rapidly sloping basally, and very rapidly curviiig almost bending downward apiia.ly, the apical margin rounded, subacnminate, the apex rather below the middle : the inner margin is regularly and gently curved. The subcostal vein joins the costal (not shown on plate) a little beyond the middle of the distal half of the wing, and the costal area thus formed is occu- j)ied by about a dozen or more straight cros.s-veins ; there are only eight or liine subradial cells, and the cells in the .series below thi.s, while agreeing in general character with tliose of "^1". ine(jualis, are less numerous than there, there being only three elongated cells directly beneath the sector of the radius and oidy live e(piiaxial cells in the same series beyond them. The two specimens show very little ditierence excepting in size, though on that account they were at first presuujed to be distinct. Length of ijody, S.o-T.To""" : of antenna', 9.ri-10.5""" (in the larger specimen iH» doubt imi)erfect) : breadth of head, 1-(».S">""" ; of thorax, !.(>- 1.")™'"; lengtli of fore wing, 11.2.")-9.7r)""" ; breadth of same, .•J.Ho-a.-if)"'™. Floris.sant. Two specimens, Nos. 670, 87'J2. m Family PANORPID^ Stephens. If the Liassic genus Orthophlebia is to be referred to this family, tins group must have Ijeen as abundant in Mesozoic times as now. Only a few Tertiary specK's are, however, known, and those hitherto described have unspotted wings like their ancestors of the secondary epoch. Three species of Bittacus and one of Panorpa have been described from the European NEUUUPTEKA— PLANll'ENNlA— l*ANOUl'lJ).K. 173 beds, Jill but one (a Bittacns) from amber, this Bittacus, the only relic from Tertiary roi-ks in P^uropc, coming' from Radoboj. The additions \\(^ have ii(!re to offer are of some interest. Two species have been found, botli of which have heavily spotted win^s, more lieavily spotted than most Iivin<»' types ; one of tlies(% a small species, is referred to Panorpa, thoug-h doubtfully, as it differs so nnich from known types; the other unquestionablv belongs to a distinct genus having no special alliances with any known forms, liotli conui from Florissant. The markings of one form dark, transverse Ijaiids on dear ground, of the other large, roundish, pale bloloi.i^s on a dusky ground. (O('tol)er, 1883.) The Florissant genera may be thus distinguished: Table of the yenera <■/ Punorpitiii . Riiniiili'H of upper briiiii;l> of riuliii" ' .ierior ; inarkinjjs cons'iHtiiijj; of lurpe pale Hpots on a dark groinid 1. Ilolcorjia. Rnmuli'M of upper liraucli oi rai'.ii^ superioi c apu'al ; niarkiunN cousistini; of dark transver.se liaiiiU on a olear ;;round 2. I'aiwipa. 1. IlOi.CORl'A Scudder. IJolcorpa Seudd., lin.' II S. (ie(d. (ieofjr. Surv. Terr., IV, :A(i-:A-i (1878). This '.iani(>' is proposed for a genus of Panorpiihv, nncpiestionably allied to Panorpit, but differing remarkiil)ly from it in the total al)sence of croas-nervules in the wings, excepting, perluips, at the base. The antenniu are probably not very long (thev are not completely preserved in the single specimen studied), taper very griulually in size, are composed of joints only a little longer than broad, not in the least degree moniliforni. and furnished with recumbent hairs. The wings are no , .so elongated nor so slender as in Panorpa, very regularly rounded, both pairs similarly formed, the hinder pair shorter than the front pair, as in Panorpji. The costa is thickened, the subcosta extends beyond the middle of the wing-, but does not reach the pterostigma; the radius emits a superior fork near the base of the wing-, which strikes the pterostigma, or, rather, which, by bending downward and then upward, forms th(i pterostigma in tlu^ middle of the apical third of the wing; the radius again forks in a similar maimer still far before the middle of the wing, the upper branch emitting three })arallel, equidistant, inferior branchlets, the uppermost close to the margin next tiie pterostigma, the lowest striking the apex o: the wing; the lower radial branch forks ' Tlie n.inie I have niven nIiouIi'i perhaps he written Holehorpa; hui I have disregarded the aspi- rate, as Linu6 did in euuslruel iiig I'liiorpa. 174 TKKTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMKUIOA. below the mitUllo bmnclilet of the upper nuliiil briiiich. All these veins, excepting the pterostignuitic. termination of the nppcrniost brinich of the radial, are straijij'ht. The cnbitus is also straij^lit until it forks a litthi before the middle of the wiii;^- ; its upper braneh is a little eurveil, and divides just below the forkinj^' of the lowest radial braneh ; its lower braneh forks almost innnedi;itel\ , emittin<2^ at onee three veinlets, the middle one of which is nearly contii.nons with tlu* n^iin stem, the others curving' in opposite senses on either si^le of it. Below this the veins are not so readily determinable, and their description i^ omitted until further sj)eciniens are obtained ; the only variation in the neuration of the two wings consists in the middle fork of the lower branch of the cubitus, wliicli, in the hind wii'g, is not con- tinuous with tli(» main stem, l)nt originates a very little beyond tin; others from the lower foi'k. The legs are spinous throughout ; the tibia- an^ also armed at the tip with \-ery long, straight, parallel spurs, and the tarsal joints with slioit spurs. The abdonu'U is greatly elongated, the first four joints sube([nal and nearly as bmad as the slender thorax, but as a whole tapering slightly, and not greatly surpassed by the wings, the following joints greatly attenuated, the ninth, or terminal joint, composing- the for- ceps, unfortunately lost. A fossil species referred to I'anorpa, ai:d figured by Ihodie' from the Purbeck beds of Kngland (I'anorpa gracilis (Jieb.), is veiy small, and pos- siblv ' av '■ more nearlv related to Ilolcorpa than to Panorpa, for while the general airangi-mcut of tlie veins, with the notable exception of the cubital, is similar to what is found in Ilolcorpa and ver\ ditl'erent fioin their disposition in Panorpa, no cross-veins whatever can l)e traced, 'i'he figure, however, is too small, coarsely executed, and is described by Gie- beP as supplied abundantly with cross-veins! It certainly is not in my copy of Jirodie's work IIoL(oi;i'.\ .MAcn.osA. I'l. 14, Fip.s. 4, 'j. Iltilniipii miicitliiiKi SlimIiI.. Hull. 1'. S. (iifil. Surv. IVrr., H', .')4!j (187-'); in /illil, HaiKlW. d. ritlii'ont., I, ii, 778, Kij,'. itS4(IHS,-.). A single specimen with beautifully preserved wings ami fragnuuits of the rest iks KiikI.. pi. .'i, Ii;;. IS. •' Ins, ilii \'iii\v., •J.'iS. i NEUKOl'TEBA— PLANIPENNIA— PANORlMDJi. 175 long and O.U"'"' broad. The wings are less than three tiraes as long as broad, and very regularly rounded ; the (postal vein (especially on the front wing) is thickened and covered with cl.)sely clustered, minute, spinous hairs, and similar black hairs follow in a single row the base of the radial and cubital veins. The wings are very dark, with large white or pale spots, of which three are most conspicuous, occurring similarly on all the v.uki-s. One, of a subquadrate or subovate form, broader than long, lies scarcely beyond the middle of the wing, extending from the costa to the upper branch of the cubital vein ; another, nearly as large and similar in form, is subapi- cal, extending from just beyond the last fork of the upper branch of the radial vein to or just beyond the upper fork of the lowest branch of the same ; a third, smaller, transversely oval sjmt, lies next the inner border, below and a little outside the first mentioned, being situated just beneath the forking of the upper branch of the cubital vein ; there is also more or less pale domliness about the basal half of the wing, and white flecks may be seen at viu-ious points near the tip, especially below the subapical spot. The abdomen resembles souiewhat that of the remarkable Panorpa nemato- gaster M'Lachl. fVom Java, where it is greatly elongated, and possesses a curious appendage to the third joint. In the fossil species, the first three joints, tak.^n together, taper gradually and slightly, and the third may have had a peculiar api)endage at its tip, as the edge is not entire, but appears deeply excavated in tln^ middle, possibly due, however, to its imperfect preservation ; the basal half of the fourth joint partakes of the tapering of the abdomen, but its apical half is swollen and its hiiul margin broadly rounded ; the fifth and sixth joints are a little longer and nuich slenderer than the preceding, sube(puil nnd cylindrical ; the fifth depressed on either side at the base by a pair of fovea; ; the seventh again nuu-li smaller, linear or not half the width of the sixth, increasing slightly in sizt; apicallv; the eighth as large at base as the seventh at tip, enlarging slightly apically, and all the joints together half as long again as the wings. Most unfortunately, the apical joint is lost. The specimen is evidently a male. Length of insect (excluding claw of abdomen), 30""" ; of abdomen (ex- cliulingclaw),2:r""'; of front wing, 18"""; breadth of same, 5 o"""; length of hind wing, 10.5"""; breadth of same, fV""' ; length of (fore or middle) tibial spurs, 1"""; of one of the (hind?) tarsal joints, 1.2""". Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 03. 176 TEUTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. I'ANOHPA Liiim^. A siii^'lt' species (if tliis i^cims li;is been discovered in the Tertiaries of Europe (aiiil)er) and wo add another from the Florissant beds. The former has the wings of a nnil'orm ash-jir.iy. 'Vlw wiiij^s of the hitter are heavily banded, very much more heavily tJiaii in most modern types. The Hving representativi's of this ^■•('uiis lu-hm;;- to the northern hemisphere, and in our own conntry range from Canaihi to Mexico, so tliat the presence of the geiins at Fhiri.ssant hns no particidar meaning. Paxoki'a kkuda. The single specimen belonging here shows the tapering, attenuated abdomen of n female with the larger part of most of tin* wings, of which only the front pair are preserved in any recognizable manner. These show the nenr;it!i>n toleraliK' well, and it .agrees lietter with th(; lixing I'anoi'pa than with the contempor.nieous Holcoipa : iiiit tiie snbcosta is nnnsnallv short, reaciiing jnst to tlie middle of the wing, an\ rather narrow tr.iiisverse behs of a (hirk coh)r, on a (dear gi'oniid, placed at (Mpiidistant intervals, liesi(h's hav- ing the entire apex of tlu- wing dark ; t!iese ladts are sli t with straight edges; one traverses the middle of the wing, one lies outside ot it midway between it and the apical patch, and a third as far from it toward the base of the wing; the clear area between these belts is twice as liroad as the behs themselves. The costa is stout. The legs are xcry long and very slender, the tibia' rather sparsely spined. Length of wings (cstiniiited i, 1 1"""; breadth of same, 3..")"""; length of aiidomen (estimated), ; """; (hind.') tiliia, (iirobably) 5""". Floris.saiit. < )nt; specimen. No. 3"_'13. Family TRICHOPTERA Kirby. The raritv of remains of caddis-Hies in tin* Tertiary rocks of Europe 's not a littl(! surprising. Oiilv three species have been figured and a fourth .« ntioned, all apparently represented liy single specimens (from Ai.\, Parschlng, Mombaidi, and the !sh» of Wight). Another species has been descrilie(| from (Jreenland bv Ileer and from Chagrin Valley, Colorado, liy inysidf. That the} were abiindiint is proven Iiy the •' 'sciipiion o' ■ ui.ier- ? > i I NETTllOPTRRA— TRICHOPTERA. 177 0U8 larval cnHos from diflFerent regions of Europe, but especially from Au- vergno in France; it is also proven by their abundance where vire should at first little look for them, in the Prussian ambor, where, according to Ilagen, they are more luimerous than any other group of insects, excepting Dijjtera, and comprise more than half the Neuroptera and Pseudoneuroptera combined. Twenty-five species have l)een described (by Hagen and Pic- tet) and several others mentioned (1)}' them and by Kolenati) from amber, a large proportion belonging to the I ly dropsy chidic and especially to Polycentropus, of which eleven species are described. Trichoptera are, however, by no means rare at Florissant, and, as stated above, a single species has been described from western Colorado. Indeed, the Neuroptera from the prolific lake bed of Florissant are made up in large part of Trichoptera, of which many hundred specimens have been obtained. The larger part of them, indeed, are indeterminable, but there are about one hundred specimens which sliow the nenration of the wings or other characteristic, part with some distinctness; and while all the remains of perfect insects from the European rocks are referred to the single sub- family of Phryganida), at Florissant Limnophilida), Leptoceridro, and espe- cially IT}'dropsychid.ie, are also represented. The species of this last men- tioned group are also much more prolific in individuals, and the preponder- ance in species would be even more marked were we able to include here all the species really found, since most of those which are too imperfect to bo brought forward evidently belong to this group. All these groups, and indeed all the subfamilies of Trichoptera, are represented in the Prussian amber. Hydropsychid.ne are by far the most numerous, as in our own Tertiaries. Then follow in the order of al)undance Leptoceridw, Sericos- toniidu!, Phryganidae, Rhyacophilidfc and Hydroptilidae, and Limnophilidge, the last liaving but one representative. Wliile, as Ave have said, the bulk of the specimens of Neuroptera found at Florissant belong to the caddis-flios, the specific variety of such as will bear descrij)tioi) is not quite so gr-jat, as 40 per cent of all belong here ; but in relation to any one other large group the number of species greatly preponderates, as the group next in sis'.e in point of species is the Odonata, which has less than 20 per cent. It is not a little curious to compare this statement with Pictet's concerning the amber caddis-flies: "Of about one liundred and twenty Neuroptera examined by me sixty- VOL XI! I 12 178 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEli/CA. <;Hi five were PhrygiuuMjr, and of fifty species deacrihed hy me twenty-two [44 per cent] beloiifr to this fiimily." Of these sixty-five, moreover, forty were referred to the Ilydropsychidav H}i. That in the abundant fauna found in the lake basin of Floris.sant, incbuling, as we see, large nund)er of caddis-flies, not a single larval case should have yet been found seems a little remarkable, and the more so since not a fi;\\ belong to groups, the larva> of which are known to prefer standing to running water. It is hardly to be believed that *]u' streams in the; neighltorliood of this ancient lake alKamded in the larva' of caddis-flies, while the v.aters of the lake itself were destitute of them. It should be remend)en'd, however (1), that the species which con struct cases of conspicuous size out of hard materials mostly belong to the Limnophilidie, of which Florissant furnishes but one species; (2), that the larva; of the prevailing group, irydropsycliida', more connnonly inhabit running water, and that their cases are made* of grains of stone alHxed to larger stones ; (3), that the l)ottom of the lake in which tlie insect de|)osits occur nowhere has .shown, as fiir as I have seen, any sign of stones large eiumgh to have .served as a ]»asis for the attachment of the smaller grains ( 1 I NEDROPTRKA— TRICHOPTERA— HTDROPSYCHIDJB. 179 which alone are found, and that therefore the larvaj of Ily dropsy chidse must have frequented perforce the neighboring streams, where such larger stone surfaces could have been found. If cases should be found they will be likely to be those of the larger Phryganidrc (next most abundant after the Hydropsychidre), composed of vegetable fragments. Three specie." and seven specimens only of this group have been found. (February, 1884.) Subfamily HYDROPSYCHin^E Curtis. Although no members of this group have been found iu t'le stratified deposits of the Old World, about half of the numerous species described from the Baltic amber belong to it, including several genera. It is interest- ing, therefore, to find that about three-fourths of the Florissant caddis-flies described in this work belong here, and in the material too poorly preserved to bring before the public the greater part also belong here. Here, too, the species seem to be far the most abundant iu individuals. Among those de- scribed below are not a few very aberrant forms, which I have been at a loss to determine, as certain of them seem on some accounts to be more nearly related to the Leptoceridfe. At the present day tlie subfomily appears also to be the most numerous in species in the northern hen\isphere, and they are found all over the world. The larva; more connnonly frequent running than standing water, make fixed cases, and are believed to be to a large extent carnivorous. Table, of the genera of JJiidropniichidtv. (Only tho extinct, ni^wlyilenoribcd i;fii«r!i, in whicli tlio liftli iii)ical cell and sometimes some of the other np'oal cells of tlm fore wings are wauting, are bore tubulated.) First apical cell present. Second apical cell present. Median cellule unn-third or scarcely more than one-third .is U)ng as the wing ..3. Derobroch m. Median cellule one-half as long as the wing 4. Utah v. ..«. Serond apical cell absent 5. Lfplnhroehiis. First apical cell aliseiit. Diseoidal cell open 6. MeMhrochiis. Oiscoidal cell closed 7. Paladkelta. t 1. TIYDROPSYCIIE Pi.tet. The two species placed here by us from tlie American Tertiaries are referred to tho genus in its ancient wide .senso tis |•epl•esentati^'e of the group to which it belongs. No fossils havt* previously l)oen referred to it. 180 TEBTIARY INSKOTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Hydropsyche? operta. PI. 5, Fij{8. 52. 53. rkrugaiim operta Scndd.. Hnll. U. 8. Gflol. Oeour. 8urv. Terr., Ill, 702 (1877). A siiij^^lo well preserved Hpoclmen with its reverse; the wings are doubled beneath the body, and unfortunattfly are overlaid by the larva skin of a dipterous insect, obliterating all the important parts of the neuration. 0»i this account it is ini]>ossible to delernnno it with any certainty, but it can not be referred to the Pl.ryganidte proper, from its slender antennre and long and slender logs. Renewed study of the specimen since the above was publi^iied in tiie Bulletin leads me to believe that it is one of the Ilydropsy- chidii3 and j)rol)ably not far removed from Polycentropus, but the vena- tion is too obscure to enable one to speak confidently. The first fork, how- ever, appears to be brief and upcurved, exactly as in Polycentropus and not as given in the plate. The head is detached from the bovly, and faint traces of the antenuje are preserved, but detached ; apparently there are two pairs of spurs to what appear to be the miildle tibia), and the sj)ines of the under edge of the same tibia* are numerous. The abdomen is very well preserved on a side view. Length of body, S""" ; (portion of) antenna-, 7""" ; tarsi, S.f)"'" ; wings, 10"°. Chagrin Valley, Wiiite River, Colorado, W. Denton. IIyDKOPSVCHE .MAHCEN8. I 'I. ir., FifT. 7. Only two Mpeclniclis of this spctcies are known ; it seems to have a some- what peculiar neuration,' but its imperfection induces me to place it in the genus Ilydropsyclie in a general sen.se. The front wings are very long and slender, large.st beyond tW middle of the iipiciil half, the apical margin rounded but with a slight acumination. The ncnrafion is incorrectly given in the plate. No cross-veins can bo accurately determined, but it seems apparent that the discoidal cell must bo of unusual size, and (-vcii larger than the njoclian cellule, wliicli, on the other hand, must be rather smaller than usual. The le<;s and antenna? are lonj; and slender. Length of body, 9"""; of front wings. '.)-<).[)'""'; of hind legs, B"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1018, 11205. NEUltOl'TEUA-TmoUOPTEKA— UYDKOl'8YUilll>.K. 181 2. POLYCKNTROPITS Curtis. This i» an important group oi' caddis-flies to the paleontologist, since nearly one-half o' the many i)hryganid8 described from the Prussian amber belong to it, and is interesting to find that we have at least one species in our own rocks. The present distribution of the species is mainly in Europe and North America, where tliey are ncmerous, with a few recorded Trom Ceylon. The larviv, according to McLaclilan, inhabit shallow, rapid streams, and form, Pictet says, no firm cases until about to change to pupaj. In speaking of the abundance of this grouj) in the amber fauna McLachlan says: "Insects referred to Polycentropus in its broad sense seem to have been very common in the Tertiary period when amber was formed thoir habit of concealing ihemselvesin the crevices of the bark of trees probably caused their entanglement in the resin and subsequent fossilization."* ' Polycentropus exesus. A delicate winged, sparsely clothed species with exceedingly delicate antenna;. The body is moderately slight, the head small ; basal joint of antenna; very stout, subglobular, the remainder thread-like, reaching back beyond the closed wings, the joints three to four times longer than broad and narrowly ringed with black at the incisures. Legs poorly preserved in most of the specimens, but only moderately slender, the tarsi rather densely spinous. Wings moderately slender, broadest at the anastomosis, the apex ratlnjr broadly roundiMl, tolerably clear, but with heavily infuscated veins; the discoidal is nnich longer than the median cellule, and the second apical cell is longer than the third and fourth, and of about equal length with the fifth; the anastomosis above the fifth fork lies in a curve Hiiliiiiirullel to the apical maigin. Length of body, 7.5"'"' ; of front wing, 8""" ; width of same, 2.6"" ; length ofantonnic, 11"""; of hind tibia", 4"""; of hind tarsi, ;3.5""". Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. (J7, 571, 314.'5, 7428, 7873, 9549, 10501, 12441, 13520. Tricboi>tero Europ. fauna, aOS. 182 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OK NOKTU AMEltlOA. P0LYCENTROPIJ8 (?) EVIBATIIS, ri. 13, Fij,'. 7, A Hiiigle specimen with its reverse is placed \\vrv proviHioimlly HJmply from its genenil resembliuioe to species of tliis j^roiip. A crushed body, heavily scaled wings, an antenna, and a fragment of a leg are all that remain Tiie body is stout and appartiitly clothed densely. The antenna is rather slender, tapering, about as half as long as the wings, and com- posed of joints of etpial length anl breadth. The wings are folded some- what, so that their form can not fidly l)e seen, but they are apparently not slender and are very denselv scaled, concealing all neuration ; the costal margin is very gently and slightly convex, curving downward to the apex only at the very tip, the apex far above the n)iddle of the wing, and the apical margin ol)li(pie, straight, not retreating rapidly. Length of body, 11"""'; of front wing, 10..")"""; of antennre, 5""". Florissant. One spei-imen, Nos. V22l)9 and 12240. 3. DEROHUOCHIJS gen. nov. (St,p6?, fip6xo?). A largo proportion, both of the specimens and species, of Florissant caddis-Hies seems to belong to this new typo of llydrop-sychichv, which is allied to Polycentropus in many of its features, but is remarkable for the length of the cells and for the apparent want of any fifth a])ical cell. The median cellule, which is generally longer than the discoidal, is often one- third, or even more than one-tiiird, the length of the wing, and the lower branch of the ujjper cubitus runs straight or nearly straight to the margin, bending sometimes near the cross-vein which, near the margin, connects it with the vein below. The uppermost apical cell, as in Polycentrojjus, is small, and in general the affinity of this genus to that is niarkcid ; but the absence of the fifth apical cell is believed to be suflicient ground for generic distinction, as that cell is generally found throughout the family. The cross-vein uniting the upper and lower cnbitals is variously situated. Table <»/ the specitu of Dirobruchiis, Base of lirst apital toll of front wing not, or scurculy, fartln;r Iroin thu root of the wing tliiin tlin biiHc of Hoini'ot rill' other upiciil forku. First upii'ul coil almost as long iis tlio W'conil ; tliis not groutly longer than tlio th.rd . . 1. /'. abstractuB. First apic.'il ci-U much shortiT than tho seroud ; this nearly twice as long as the thinl. First apiial cell longer than the fonrtli V. I), titnulenliiii. First apical cell shorter than the fourth. First apical cell curving upward i. !>■ cnmiiioratuu. First apical cull with no upward curve 0. D. /riytacum. NEUllOI'TEKA— TKICUOFTKUA— IIYDKOI'HYCIIID.K. im „ RaiiH ufHrit npiuiil iwll couaidoi'ttbly, or vory miioli, furtbur from tho root of the wliig tUiiii tliK liwaa of any oHht i»|iiiiiil fork. Tlilril iiiiii roiii'tli .pic'iil riilh iilioiit i«iimlly diNlitrit fnun liic' Hdmiiid tt|iioiil cull \im» Miitii (iiio-thiril nn Unin nK<»ii i*» thu Jhlril X J). nlernuH. HuL'oixi apiiMil i'kU lialfitH Imi^ ii;;aiii iin tlio tlilnl &, D. mariidni. Fourth itplctti (!oll ruiiuhiiiK iiiuuh iiou'-cr tlie ItuHu tliiin the thil>l 7, 1). eraliriif. 1. DEUoHRocmr.s aiistbactuh. A siufrlo 8|)eciinon, pr^Herved on ii sido view, ho hs to hIiow tho upper liulf oFtlio nmlur surt'uce of the rij^iit front wiiij/-, and in iiddition the upper surface of tlio wliole of tho left front wiiijr, overlying tho hind wiiij^ iind c(»nfuHin<;- the neiirati. n. Little besideH the wiiif^H can be neeri, but the stout cylindrical ba.sal joint of the antenuic apin-ars, followed by a few sim- ilar but much slenderer joints. The front wing is slender, subaouminate at tip, the costal nargin fallfng toward tho tip at about the same angle as the apical margin retreat < from it, the apex itself rounded off, and rather above the middle line of the wing. The first apical cell is reinarkaldy long, the fork originating at the end of tho middle third of the wing, and of tho sani(« length as the third apical cell ; the seiioiid U[)ical r-ell is oidv a little longer. The wing is apj)arently clear, with the veins narrowly marked with fuscous and faintly irrorate with fuscous at their tips. Length of body, 9'"'" ; of front wing, ll""; width of same, 3.3 ""». FlorissHiit. One specimen. No. 1)377. 2. Dekohkociius cvenulentuh. This species is represented again by a single specimen, showing a dor- sal view of a vague l)ody with outstretched front wings, one of which is nearly conij)lete and tolerably well preserved, showing a portion at least of the neuration with clearness. The wing is not so acuminate as in the pre- ceding species and the ape.\ is in the middle of the wing. The first apical cell though long is shorter than in D. iibstractus, but extends farther i oward the base than either the third or fourth cell, these last being much shorter than in the preceding species. The discoidal cell is apparently fully as long as tho median cellule, but its limits are not clearly marked ; the latter is as long as the fourth fork and very slender. The wing appears to be clear with infuscated veins, and the whole costal margin broadly but faintly infuscated. Length of wing, 8.5"""; breadth of same, 2.6'"°'; length of median cel- lule, 2'"'". Florissant. One specimen. No. 14444. ,.*»». IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) v ^ ^ 10 I.I 11.25 S ya 1120 25 U IIIIII.6 6 %y^^>y 7 Photographic Sciences , Corporation 23 VVEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) S73-4S03 <* 184 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. 3. Derobrochus ^ternus. Thia species is again represented by a single specimen but in a better state of preservation than the preceding forms, it presents a side view with the upper front wing well preserved, and the lower, though visible by drooping, obscure. The legs are tolerably well preserved but confused ; they are sparsely clothed with hairs and the tibial spurs can not properly be distinguished. The front wing is slender, broadest only a little way beyond the middle, the apex well rounded, and the apical margin very oblique but full. The discoidal and median cells are about equally long and slender and nearly as long as the second apical cell, which is fully one-third the length of the entire wing. The third and fourth apical cells are of about equal length and nearly twice as long as the first. The anastomosis is very simple, the cross-veins closing the discoidal cell and uniting the sector and cubitus falling together just beyond the origin of the second apical fork. The wing as preserved is clear in the apical fourth but elsewhere irrorate with fuscous, the veins everywhere infuscated. Length of front wing, 9.75°""; breadth, 4.1°"". Florissant One specimen. No. 5308. 4. Derobrochus commoratus. A species closely allied to the last described, and mainly distinguisha- ble from it by its shorter and much slenderer wings. A number of speci- mens appear to belong here, but none of them are very well preserved. The body is slender, the legs long and slender, but with rather stout femora, the front legs short an are nquntic almost without excepti .'U, their discovery in amber is certainly surprising. A tube-like larval case, presumably trichopterous, has also been described under the name of Phrygana^n micncea niul figured by Fritsch* from tho Cretaceous clay-schists of Kounic, 13ohcmia; and Marion* describes larval cases on the leaf of a fossil, Nympluea, in Provence, very like those attached to similar leaves to-day. InDITSIA CALCIIL08A. PI. », FiR. 1. IndMia ralciiluM Sciiilil., Hull. V. H. Ocol. (iooKr. Siirv. Torr., IV, ri4'.'-.M:i (1H78); Ann. Kep. IT. H. G(M»1. Gfonr. Siirv. Tirr., XI, »'.:iH-(i.T.t ( 1^79) ; in Zittul, llandb. d. Palii'imt., I, ii, 77H, Vig. OKi(lt!W.). Dr. A. C I'oide, in his explorations under the Survey, discovered in deposits, which ho considers as probably belonging to the upper Green liiver group, or possibly to the lower part of the Bridger group, beds of limestone, the upper floor of which is completely covered with petrified cases of caddis-flies, all belonging to a single species, which nmy bear tho name we have applied to it above. They vary from 14 to IK"""' in length, from 4 to 5'"™ in diameter at th, PI. 'i, Fig. ii. NKUUOrTKKA-TKlCIIOl'TEKA— I'llUYdANID.K. 195 H 3,2""" lit their poHtorlor otid, tlio tlilcknons of the wiiUh boin^f iihoiit 75""". Ah will 1)0 8001) l)y tliono iiioaHiiroiiioiitri, tlio vamm iiro ti littlo liirjror ut tliuir mouth, but othorwiso thoy aro cyliiidricHl, taper with portbot roj^iilarity, luid are Htraight, not Hlightly (survod, aH in inauy phryganld caHOH. Thoy are iMMuplotoly covorod with niiuuto, ronndod, WHtt'r-w«)rn pobbloH, apparently of 'piart/, generally 8ul)HphericaI or ovate, and varying fronj one-third to tw(»-tliirdH of a niillimeter in mean diameter; they thux give the oaHOH a granulated appearance. Nearly all the caHOH are filled with calcureouH material, but some aro em|)ty f(U' a Hliort dintancro from their mouth, luid in uno case the inner lining of tliiH part of the caMo has a coating of minuter calcareouH j>artieleH, evidently dt^posited therein after the case was vucMited. Ah the proHont thicknoHS of the wuIIm intlicates (aH also the Hi/^o of the attached pebbles), the silken interior lining of the case nuist have been very Htout. This foUowH also from the appearance of one or two which have been crushed, for they havo yielded along longitudinal linos, indicating a parch- ment-like rigidity in the entire shell. In one of the specimens the outer coating of heavier pebbles has in some way been removed by weather- ing, and has left a scabrous surface, apparently produced by minute, hard grains entangled in the fibrous meshes of the web ; it still, however, retains its cylindrical form. The size of the case, its form, and the material from which it is con- Hiructod seem to indicate that it belonged to some geims of Limnophilida>, near Amibolia. Horde Creek, Wyoming. Dr. A. C. Peale. Subfamily PHUYOANin/IO Stophons. This subfamily of caddis-flies, comprising the larger species, is found only in the northern portions of the globe, and is numerous neither in species nor in genera ; novertholess it is the only group of caddis-flies whoso remains have hitherto been found in rocky strata, if we excei)t tho larval cases, of which there is likely to be more or less (piestion. And it is not a little strange that they have been found in several distinct places, ranging from Aix in the Oligoceno to Parschlug in the upper Miocene. Mombach, the Isle of Wight, and Atanuterdluk, in Greenland, have also furnished species. From amber also three species are known, and now we have three more species, including a new generic form, to add from the strata of Colorado 196 TKKTIAUY INSECXa OP NOUTII AMERICA. It is not, however, iis in Europe, the only subfamily represented in the strata, tlu'oe others being also represented and one of them much more largely. (February, 1884.) NKUUONIA Leach. A single small species of this genus has been described from amber by Pictet and Il.igen, wlii(;h the latter conii/ares with the living N. reticulata. The one hero described is the first known from the rocks, and is a consider- abl}' larger species, and with somewhat peculiar neuration. The genus is well represented at the present time over all North America, and besides is found only in Europe. NkUKONIA EVANK8CKN8. ri. l.i, Fig. 3, A single specimen of a large species of phryganid is referred to Neu- roiiia, although the Jieuration appears to be somewhat abnormal, the cross neuration on either side of the sector not being continuous. The insect is preserved on a lateral view, showing the head iind body, the superposed wings of one side, and all but the base of the other front wing e.xtended be- low the bod}', together with one hind leg. The upper half of the overlapping wings is much darker than the lower luilf and shows some mottling near the tip, which is not the case in the other wing. The single front wing is of a uniform brownish fuliginous tint, but broadly obscured in tliu jniddie of t1>'^ wing by accident of preservation over a large pale area, in which al.so tlie veins are near'}- lost. This accounts for the inaccuracy of the drawing f»ii the plate. The front wings nio snbtriangular, less than two "^.nd one-half times longer than broad, their greatest breadth in the middle of the apical half; the costal margin is gently arched in the apical half, the apex roundly pointed, the apical margin almost striight in the middle half and inclined at a rather sharp angle with the costal margin. Tli(^ shape of the a\ lugs, as well as tlie brevity of the discal cell, renders it proltable that the species should be referred to Neuronia rather than to Phryganea or Agrypnia, though if is impossible to determine clearly whether there is a cross-vein l)etween the subcostal vein anrficula rectji, which he compares with Forcinella annuHpes (IjU(\) Uohrn, and F. primigenia, compared with the common earwig, i. e., Forficula auricularia Linn ; he also mentions a third, F. niinuta, compared with Labia minor (Linn.) Leach. These all come from the Miocene of Oeningen.' Long ago Serres spoke of a species allied to Forficula paiallela Fabr. and F. am'icularia Linn, (both the same species), of which n>any specimens had been found at Aix in Provence.^ Perhaps Mr. Oustalet, when he resumes again the publication of his memoirs on the fossil insects of southern France, will acquaint us more perfectly with this insect; but I saw no specimens of Forficularise in his hands in 1873. One, ' ll«er, t:rw.lt ilor Schweiz, 2(1 edition, p. :VM, flgg. 'M7, 208. 'Serrea, O^uguusiu dos tvrraiug tertiaireo, 225, ORTHOPTERA— FORFICULARI^. 203 perhaps two, species are also reported from Prussian ambei. Keferstein' speaks of an ambor species, referring to Burmeister (Handb, Entom.) but the latter mentions only some crickets ("Acheten") "of the size of F. minor." And Germar writes that up to 1856 but a single specimen of an earwig had been found in amber, a larva agreeing so completely with the full-grown larva of Forficula auricularia that description and illustration were supei-flu- ous.^ Gravenhorst also refers to a German species from amber.' Finally Afassalongo describes and figures* a species from the Tertiaries of Monte Bolca, which he calls Forficula bolcensis, and which again he compares to F. auricularia Linn. This species, which in point of fact is much nearer F. albipennis Muehlf than F. auricularia, seems to be a true Forficula. The same may perhaps be said of Heer's species, or at least of the two which are figured (none are described), or they may belong to the same group as the American species, though one at least of them is much smaller than any we have found. But in Heer's species we have only a few abdominal joints and the forceps from which to draw any conclusion. A couple of species have been found in rocks older than the Tertiaries, Baseopsis forficulina Heer' from the Lias of Schambelen and Forficularia problematica Weyenb.," found in the Jura of Solenhofen. Although the figures given of this latter insect are very obscure, Weyenbergh says it is an earwig "sans le moindre doute," and of one of the seven specimens found he says it " montre k I'extrdmitc de I'abdomen les deux crochets, dont I'en- semble repr^sente une sorte de pince, et qui caract«^risent le genre Forficula." LABI DU ROM MA gen. nov. (\a/3i?, ovpd, ofx/xa). In first describing an earwig from Florissant I referred it hesitatingly to Labidura; a second species was subsequently placed in the same genus from its resemblance to the first. In ray study of the much more abundant and better material now at liand I was at first inclined to refer not only these two species but all the others, including a considerable variety of forms, to the old genus Forficula, the structure of the antenna? in particular ■ Naturg.Knlkurp., vol. W, p. 331. « Ueroudt, Berniit. bofliuU. organ. Reste Vorw., vol. 2, pt. i, p. 33. » (lebora. sohles. GeselUch. vaterl. Cult., 18.M, 93. '"'" or less). Mule forceps stent at base, much smaller and equal beyond S. L. litliophilum, Male forceps slender and delicate throughout. Male forceps leas than half as long as abdomen 10. £. iii/ernum. Male forceps fully half as long as abdomen 11. L. labeni. 1. Labiduromma AVIA. PI. 16, Figs. 5, 22 ( ^ ), 3, 11, 23 ( 9-). Head small, rounded triangular ; antenna; in no case well preserved, the longest fragments scarcely reaching the tip of the tegmina, the basal joint not precisely determinable, but apparently about twice the diameter of the stalk and subglobular ; the proximal jointa of the stalk are cylindrical and from two to three times as long as broad, so that if composed as usual in this genus the antenna; could not have extended l)eyond the tip of the tegt'iina; palpi shorter than the disimeter of the head, nearly as stout as the antennte, the joints half as long again as broad. Pronotum nearly circular but subqujidrate, ap[)arently longer than broad, and narrower than the head in the female (where it is better preserved than in the male specimens) and the opposite apparently in the male, where it seems to equal or surpass the head in breadth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head, and square, of equal length and breadth; folded wings protruding beyond the tegmina to a distance of three-fourths the length of the latter. Legs moderately stout and not very short, the second joint of the tarsi apparently cordate. Abdomen equal with parallel sides. Forceps simple but of great 206 TBItTIARY IN8HCT8 OP NOIlXn AMBHICA. lon• little creniilated, bnt not toothed nor beaded; the distal two-thirds ver' gently and slightly arcuate, scarcely tapering, the curve increasing slightly toward the bluntly rounded tip. In the female they are a little shorter, unich slenderer and apparently cylindrical througii- out, scarcely attingent rt the base, with no pinching of the inner edge at the base, and very regularly and gently tapering to a more delicate but still l>luntly rounded point ; the arcuate curve is if anything a little stronger, and conuneiices from the base, though the straight basal portion of the male is sometimes indicated !)y the ori^>;in of the arcuation (on the outer edge) at n little lomove from the base. l*ygidium of the male (not shown in the figures) triangular, longer than broad, half as long as the greatest breadth of the forceps, the apex broadly, bluntly rounded; in the female as long as broad and as the base of the forceps, more or less slightly truncate and rounded at apex. Length of l)ody, excluding forceps, .r 19""", rini' an^^loH; hind niai')j[in of nuiht Htroii};])- an^j^nhitod, an Hhown in Fig. (), of foniaht Htmight with niinutu triun- fjidar pyj^idiinn. KorccpH hrond, Hattonod, Htout, h)ng, and nearly Htraight, nti \oi\<2; art tlio foui or tivo terminal HognuMitx, tlio ImHid two-tiftim Htraight, ecpial, tin* attingi'nt Inner edges thickened HJightly, the next two-fifths nar- rower, particularly l»y the excision of the inner edge, tapering, nearly straight, the apical fifth still narrower, more tapering, hont slightly inward and bluntly rounded at tip (,?), very l)roa( If)..')-!?..'")"'™, ? 18"""; broadthof head, l.H"""; of tcgmina, 3.5""": of aixhmien, 4.1V'""; length of middle and hind femora. IV"'" : of fore femora, 1.7"'"'; middle and hind tibia', 2.2""'; ore tibiie, 1.2"'""; length ».f forceps, ' .^i.-V'"", ; l.f)'""' ♦ ; breadth of same at base, / l.O.V""', ? 1.3'"'"; at tip, / 0:.W"". This species differs from the two preceding species by its shorter, broader, and straighter forceps. One of the specimens (Fig. 2) was taken by mo in the original insect beds described by Dr. A. C. Peale. Klori8.sant. Six specimens. Nos. 305, 3705,6317 (<^), H041), 13001 (?). No. 1.615 (c?), Princeton Collection. 4. Labiuuromma commixtum. PI. 10, Figs. 1(>, 17 ( 9 ). Head moderately small, well roniuled, the posterior border a little trinj- cate. Pronotnm (•onsi(lerai)ly smaller than the head, sub(|nadrate, of ecpud length and 1)readth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head and nearly double the breadth of the pronotnm ; each of the tegmina about twice as long as broad, and the coriaceous portion of the wings extending beyond them for a distance e(pnii to half their length. Legs slender and raiher long. Aixlona n slightly expanding, so as to be broadest in the middle^ and broader than the tegmina, yet with subparalh ! sides ; last segment a little longer than the others, slightU' broader in front than behind, the pos- terior margin broadly rounded. I'ygidium v(M"y large, being at base ime- third the width of the terminal segment, subtriangular but strongly rounded, ORTJIOPTERA— FORFKUJLAUI^K. 209 with very bliuitly roumlod npex. ForcopH ofiimlo broken in the only Bpocl- nion Hoen, hut evidently pretty long mid niodemtoly Htont, the portion (half?) reniiiinin^ heing nn long m the hint two HegnientH of the nbdonien, Mtraight, erpial, He|>iimted at IxiHe by the pygidiuni, with a very stout, sharp, triangii- < lar, interior tooth embracing the pygidiuni, and with two minute distant teeth or tuberuleH beyond ; in the female distant at base, straight, flattened, ' simple, unarmed, tapering regularly, with not the slightest inward curve, to a bluntly rounded tip, one-third the width of the base. This peculiarity reminds mo of a specimen of Labidura ripariu I have seen with perfectly straight and lamiiuite forceps'. Length of body, excluding forceps, ,f 17,f)""", 9 17.5"""; breadth of head, (? 2.2.T"'; (if pronotum. ,f 1.75"""; of closed tegmina, / 8""'; of abdomen ■ 16. .'>""", ? l.')"""; breadth of head, f 2 2'""': of ])ronotum, ' 1. •»"""; of combined tegmji^a, ' 'M)""" ; of middle of abdomen, ' ."> f)""", v 4.2."/""'; length of antenna', 6'""'; of forceps, ,( 4'""", ? ;i.2r)'"'" ; breadth at base, ')r- tion of tlio ventral surface of an abilonien. Five sey'ments are seen in n;*'- ural juxtaposition, allowing tliat the apical portion of the abdomen was very reyulaily rounded, almost exuctly semicircular, the terminal segment pre- senting no break in the regular continuity of the curve. Thi.s segment was ample, broader than long, aiul probably neither very tumid nor greatly keeled; for in the present perfectly flattened condition of the fossil there is neither break nor folding of the integument; the two segments following this are very strongly arched (the penultimate being semicircular) and greatly contracted at the middle, so that this portion is not less than half as long as the lateral parts ; the anterior border of the antepenultimate segment is straight along the middle ; the segment anterior to this is also arched, though not strongl}-, is oppositely simuite (as are to a less extent the seg- ments posterior t(» it), and also nuich contracted in the middle, so as to be less than half as long as at the sides ; while its predecessor is slightly arcu- ate in the opposite direction (probably exactly transverse in life), and equal or suijequal throughout. All the segments are uniformly, rather abundantly, and very delicately granulate throughout. There is no trace of cerci, but the place where they should occur is too broken to assert that they did not exist externally ; still the conformation of this region would lead one to sup- pose that they nm.>*t have been excessively minute, and perhaps altogether concealed within the segnusnts, as in Cryptocercus Scudd. Length of fragment, S"""; width of same, 12.2.')'""'; length of terminal segment, .'5.6'°"'; width of same, C.ii'"'"; length of antej)enidtimate segment in the middle, 0.6'"'"; at the sides, 1.H5"'"'. 1 have referred this species to Honutogamia with some doubt ; on some accounts it would seem to lie more nearly allied to I'olyphaga; but as the specimen is too fragmentary to allow of more exact determination I have preferred to jdace it in the New World genus rather than in its close ally, which is restricted to the Old World. Cockroaches of such large size are indigenous in warm climates only. Florissant. One specimen, Mr. T. L. Mead, No. H. :( I OUTUOPTEBA— PHAHMIDA. ^19 I Family PHASMIDA Leach. Fossils of this family are among tho great raritios. Yet they have been found even in carboniferous times, as has been abundantly shown by Hrongniart. In a collection of over three thousand amber insects possessed by IMenge a dozen only belonged to this family and represented three different genera. But excepting in amber, they have never before been recovered from Tertiary deposits The single specimen found at Florissant is not very far removed apparently from the curious amber genus Pseu- doperla, but is more nearly allied to forms pecdiar to the warmer parts of America. (June, 1884.) AGATIIEMERA Stfil. This genus is composed of few and exclusively American species hav- ing a rather stout, compact, and brief form for Phasmida. All the genera in the inmiediate vicinity are also American, and none of them have before been found fossil. AOATIIEMERA RECLU8A. PI. 17, Fig. 11. The brevity of the legs, aborted condition of the organs of flight short mesothorax, and comparatively stout abdomen not tapering apically make it tolerably certain that the species here found fossil belongs to the group formerly classed in Anisomorpha, and is more nearly related to Agath- emera than any other known genus. The head is quadrate, stout, a little longer than broad ; the pronotum is comjjosed of a larger quadrate piece, narrowing rapidly in front of the insertion of the legs, posterior to the con- traction about equally broad and long, but with it half as long again as broad ; mesothorax a little broader posteriorly than in front and twice as broad as the head, bearing t<.j;inina with rounded tips just reaching its posterior margirt, the segment of equal length and breadth and a little longer than the other segments of the thorax ; metathorax taj)ering apically, nearly as long as its g, eatest breadth, but shorter than the mesothorax, and bearing small functionless wings, not surpassing its borders. A slight raised median line on the front half of the thorax. Abdomen stout, enlarg- ing a little in the posterior half, all the segments broader than long by about an equal amount. The last segment of the abdomen is not preserved, 220 TERTIAUY INSKUTS OF NOKTII AMEUICA. but tlio spoclmon would appoar to be a male. The legs aio moderately stout, the hind femora reachinj^ to about the tip of the fourth abdouiiiuvl Hegmeiit. Length of body, 20""" ; of head, 1.6"'"' ; of pronotum, 2.75""" ; of meso- notum, 3"""; of metun(ttun», 2.fl'""' ; breadth of head, 1.2r)"""; of pronotum, l.TfV""'; of mesonotum, 3"'"'; length of fore and middle femora, 8,26"""; of hind femora, 4.75'""' ; of hind tibiiv, 5"'"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 5817. Family ACRIDII Serville. Only ten Acridii have been published as found in the European Ter- tiaries and most of these behtng to the (Edipodidaj or have been placed there. The exceptions are (Edipoda nigrofasciolata Heer, Gomphocerus femoralis Heer and Acridium barthelemyi Hope which are j)robably Trux- alidie, and Tetrix gracilis Heer which is certainly a Tettigidea. The six species we have found in America are all Truxalidie and (Edipodida*, so that all but one of the known species belong to these two groups, the (Edi- podidat liaving half as many again as the Truxalida' in general, though the two groups ar'> ecpmlly represented in America. It is not a little remarkable that no Acridida^ proper have been found fossil. This group has a vast develojjment in the United States, and together with Phyma- tidic and i'amphagida", likewise totally uiu'opresented, is even richer in trop- ic^al regions. The subfamily best represented may be considered more than any other a denizen of the temperate regions, (.iuly, 1884.) Subfamily TRTTXALIDiE Stdl. Nearly a third of the known fossil Acridii belong to this group, and, aa stated above, it contains one-half of the American species. The reference of Acridium barthelemyi Hope from Aix to this group is, lio^vever, somewhat doubtful, the species l)eiiig imperfectly described. (Kdipoda nij^rofa-sciohita Heer from Kadoboj seems to beltmg here rather than to the (Edipodidse, for the vena intercalata is wholly absent and its cK>se resemblance to the large subtropical genus Scyllina Stal renders it probable that it belongs to that group ; a new resemblance is thereby discovered between the Kadoboj fos-sils and types of the warmer parts of America. (July, 1884.) i^i^ ORTnOPTKUA— ACRIDII. 221 TYRBULA ^on. nov. (rvpfttf). ' This imino 1h proposed for a group of Truxulidiv ovidently falliiiiL'' in cloao proximity to Syrbiila Still, haviii<»' liiiour antoiniiv, onlarjjfod apically, und hind tibiae well provided with spines. The antenna' are more distinctly ('Iiil)l)(>d than in Syrbula, the club btntig about twice the diameter of the stalk, composed of seven or eight joints of which tlie last two are very small, forming a rapidly tapering tip. The head is loss prominent than in Syrbida and the eyes considerably smaller, l)eing considerably shorter than the in- fra«)cular parts of the cheeks ; otherwise the general aspect of the insect is the same. The genicular lobes are as in Syrbula. The hind tibiic are abun- dantly spined, in one species even much njore abundantly than in Syrbula. Tabit of fhe upteiei of Tyrbula, 8|iliivH oDiiiKl tibiio exccodiiiKly nuineroiiH, tliuir basal hulf hardly tnporiiig.. . Spines of liluil tiliiiu less iininuraiiH, tapering nniforinly tlironKliont 1. T. mulHiipiHOia, ., 8. T. nisnelli, 1. Tyrbula multispinosa. PI. 17, Fig. 13. Tliis species is represented mainly by fragments of liind wings and hind logs. Of the former nothing more can be said than that they appear to have had a faint smoky tinge with numerous black, delicate veins, and that when closed they extended a very little beyond tho tip of the abdomen. The hind legs aro long, moderately slender, the tibiic armed with exceptionally tnimerous spines which are blackish, of uniform width to beyond the middle, and then tapering, mainly by the excision of tho under edge, giving them a slightly upturned appearance, five or six times longer than their breadth at the middle, and so closely set that the interspaces and the spines are of equal breadth ; they decrease in length very regularly toward the base of tho tibia and to a slight extent toward tho apex ; but just how many there aro or how far they extend toward the base the imperfect natiu-e of the only specimen preserving the tibia forbids determining; it seems ))robablo, how- ever, that the number exceeds twenty-five. The specimen from Florissant, preserving the femur, is placed hero because its size agrees perfectly with the other spocMineiis and its form indicates the relationship. If it is correctly placed, tho fenuir is stouter and less delicately attenuated than in tho next species. mm'mmmmi'"'"' ; hroudth of Humu, U.r)"" ; Ituigtii of'Iiind win(ffi, 23.5""" : of Ioiijr,.Ht til)ial HpincH, O.H""". (irccn Uiv«'r, Wvoniiii;,'. Two Hpcoinu'iiH, Noh. 1M8 and 140, Dr. A. A I'ackanl; No. ft I, I'rof. L A Li'o. FloriHHant, Colorado. Ono Hpocimoii, No. 14720, collectod by MisH C. 11. IJIatcliford. 2. TyRIU'LA KUN8ELLI. PI. 17, FiRM. 1-4. A coiipli* of ('X('»>lloiitly prcHcrvtMl Npeciinens, oxliihitiii}? n hmIo view, hIiow most of tlio body, tlu' aiitciiiia', ch^soil tormina with imdcrlyinj^ wiiijjs, front and hind h^le.s ; the antonnie are nearly half as lonjr uh the body, .strai<,dit, very slender, tho apieal fifth expandin^r to n dub of twice the diameter of the stalk, tho middle joints of which (Fig. 1) aro nearly twice as broad as long and micro.scopically densely punctate. The prono- tum is twice as long as the head, the posterior lobe not projecting very far; the tegmina are slender, l)roadh' rounded apically, reaching when closed tho t'\\) of the abdomen. The legs are all v(;ry slender and delicate, the front femora not much stouter than the tibia*, the fore and middle tibiiv with a double row of delicate, short, rather frcfpu^nt spines. Tho hind femora scarcely reach so far as the closed tegmina, but are slender and graceful, with the middle external lield well delined by superior and inferior c.arinji' or angles, with indications of having been twice annulate with narrow, dusky bands in the distal half, the outer aimulus midway between the inner and tlie apex ; hind tibia' fully as long as tho femora, very slender, armed with a large number (about eighteen to twenty) of """; f..re tibijc, .^).2.')""" ; hind femora, lU)"""; width of hind femora, 2"""; length of longest tibial sjnne, OJt""". OIITIIOPTEUA-ACUUH I. *^23 FloriHwiiit. Two H|)(M!iinonH, hoth appiiroiitly f'onmloK, N(». 14175, and tlio ono li^riinMl, tlio liittm* obtaiiiud by Mr. iMnud (J. I{iihh(!1I, of tlio U. S. Guologiuiil Siirvoy, for whom tlio HjxMiii'H is iiiuiumI. OOMFllOCKUlIrt TlumborK. Heor (loscriboH iv HpncioH of thin j^omuh from ( )o)iiMj»'(3n. Tt in of smiiU nho, liko moHt of thoHo of t(Mii])urivto AinoriiMi iiiul Kiiropo, wliilu tho HpooioH boro provisionally roforrod to it is very nmcli lur^^cr. I liavo also seem m sp((('i('s from Aix, labeled as u Gomphoconis by Ilc^jr, which may, perhaps, bu moro nearly allied to Fieptysma or Arnilia. GompliociM'iis and its nuaror allies aro riitlior charai^toristic. of, or at least are at present better known from, tempurutu re/^ions, and are found around the entire globe. (July, 1884.) (JoMPllOCKkUS AIJSTRirHlJS. IM. 17, KiR. (i. This species is placed here because of its general afKnities as indicated by tho front half of tho body, which, lis seen on a side view, is all that is preserved. It does not scorn, on several accounts, to belong in the genus, but It })lainly comes near it. Tho head is largo and protuberant, with a in'ominent vertex, sharply angled as seen on a side view, with a rounded, retreating fiico. Anteniiic slender, very slightly enlarged to a faint elon- gated club at the apex, nearly reaching to the tip of the pronotum. Tho latter shorl, with (piadrate deflected lobes, the inferior margin Htnilght. Tegmina large, dusky, with the Interspaces between the longitudinal veins broken at base by straight cross-veins into pretty regular sipiaro or sub- (piadrate cells. Length of fragment, 21""" ; of head, 4.;")""" ; length of face, 5.5"'"' ; length of anteniiic, 8"""; of pronotum, ,"»'"'"; heigiit of same, 4' Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 6.'55 and 1173(), Sublhniily a<:r>IPOI3II).^: St&l. To this subfamily lieloiig most of the fossil Acrldii and half of the American species, lleer in his Tertiiirgebilde and his ITrwelt der Scliweiz describes half a dozen species from Oeningeii and Kadoboj, referring tiiem all to the old genus (Edipoda. Serres mentions a species from Aix which nWIHI 224 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTU AMERICA. ! lie coinpures to (Edipodu coBrulescens, iind 1 liave seen an undescribod form from Aix in the hands of M. Ouatalet wiiicli is apparently allied closely to Cliiiniirocephala. Of the Radoboj species descril)ed by Heer, O. nigrofas- ci«)latn, as rtatod above, is probably a Scyllina and not an a-dipodid. O. nielaiiosticta is perhaps an Hippiscus, and O. haidinjreri a Dissosteira, or certainly very close to it. Of the Oeningen species which Heer describes, O. fisolieri looks somewhat like a Chimaroce})hala, and 0. germari (not described) is said by Ileer to belong near Pachytylns. O. oeningensis is too obscnre to say that it belongs in this family. The larger part of the European species would therefore seem to have decided American affinities, Chimarocephala, Dissosteira, and Hippiscus being distinctively American. Of the American species, one is referred to (Edipoda only in a general sense : the two others belong to new genera, one near the end, the other next the end of the scries, in the vicinity of Chimarocepliala and Encopto- lophus, American gonora. Tlie family tinds its greatest development in the north temperate regions of the world, and is remarkably abundant in forms in North Amer- ica, and particularly in the warmer and more arid parts of the United States. (July, 1884.) NANTHACIA gen. nov. (Nanthaco~f ffi^^shopper, Otoe). This name is jn'oposed for a genus of (Edipodida* which is allied to Encoptolophus, but in which the upper ulnar vein of the jH'canal area of the hind wings does not exteiul nearly to the margin of the wing but ter- minates before the middle, as it does in the tegmina, in a fork which e.xtends above to the radial and below to the lower ulnar vein. Nanthacia torpida. A single specimen of this has been recovered, .showing a hind wing only, in whicii the anal area is closed and the proanal almost fully exposed. 'I'he principal radial vein runs in close proximity to the costjvl margin, and il is connected with tiic veins above by very .short cross-veins, and near the tip of tlic wing by a stigma, as in Encoptolophus. It has two principal ob- liipic forks, tlie inner arising oidy a little within the middle <»f the wing and terminating on the ulnar a little before the outer margin, the other arising rather less than a third of the way from the former to the apex and ter- OJiTHOPTERA— ACItlDII. 22.5 niinating in the middle of the apical margin ; the interspaces above the lat- ter fork, above the biise of the former and the postradial area, are filled with freqnent stout and straight cross-veins, while the interspace betwee.i the radial branches is filled by more distant, oi'Um obli(pie, straight veins, form- ing squarish colls. The membrane apiiears to have been hyaline and the veins and cross-veins distinct and black. Length of wings, 22"""; breadth of preanal area, 2.35'""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. IHOO. n-:i)ll'Oi).\ Latreillc A number of European species have been referred to this genus, but only in a broad sense, and, as I have stated above under the family, may most of them be more definitely placed. Here, however, nuist fall both O. (vningensis lleer and the American species descril)ed below, as belonging to the genus in its widest sense, and the Aix s))ecies mentioned by Serres ma}- also proi;ably find a place here, as Jr'ierres compares it to tlic t\pe of the genus. In its most limited .sense the gc.>us is confined to the Old World. (July, 1884.) (EuiPOUA PU.EKOCATA. PI. 17, Fiy. r>. . The single specimen found represents the 1)asal half of a hind wing overlying a similar part of an obscure front wing. JJy the venation and markings it appears to l)elong to the (Edipodida>, but it is too imperfect to judge more closely of its affinities. The wing was a large one, fuliginous, with at least three parallel and equidistant curving rows of paler (or brighter) markings in the form of nrther narrow bands, the middle one apparently in the middle of the wing the broadest and discontinuous, cross- ing most of the whig; the inner one, midway between this and the base, narrower and crossing the upper half or less of the wing. In the anal area the intercalary veins run far in toward the base of the wing, and in the outer half become broken into two or oven more, so that several rows of cells lie between tlie anal rays next the outer portion of the wing. Length of fragnuMit, 2:\""" : probable length of wing, 30'"'" ; its proba- ble breadth, 18'""'; breadth of tegmina, 4""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7389. Vol xin ir» >gjsmm m 226 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. TAPHACHIS gen. nov. (edrrTw, duph). This peculiar genus appears to fall in the Kreraobidsu or near tliia group of CEdipodidii^ the intercahvry vein of tht* tegniina being absent, but it does not agree with any of the known genera of that tribe. The head is hirge and well rounded, smooth ; the vertex of moderate width, the eyes hirge, not prominent; antenna' cylindrical, uniform, slender, not reaching the extremity of the short pronotuni. Pronotuni stout, rather short, very slightly and regularly expanding from in front backward, the lobes of equal length, the anterior divided in the middle by a second transverse incision, the very slight median carina not extending to its anterior half, which is produced and angulate ; tip of pronotum obtusely angulate. Tegmina longer than abdomen, the costal area broad at base but not convex ; the simple subexternomedian arises in tiie middle of the wing and the oxter- nomedian vein has five branches beyond it, with simple cross-veins in the interspaces and no reticulation ; there is no intercalary vein ; the interno- median vein terminates just before the origin of the subexternomedian in a large, triangular cell (surrounded by irregular reticulation), from the lower angle of which springs a broad fork, the inner branch of which terminates at the end of the short anal vein far within the middle of the wing. The wings are as long as tlie tegmina, the pre anal portions repeating clo&'^ly, especially in the branches of the externomedian vein, the characteristics of the tegmina. Taphacris reliquata. PI. 12, Figs. 8, 11). The vertex is a little less than half the width of one of the eyes, as seen from above. Antenna' composed apparently furnished with a m<»derately broad obovate foramen, the hind tibia- of etpial size throughout, OUTIIOPTEHA— LOCUSTARJJ-:. 229 slightly longer than the hind femora, and the hitter scarcely extending beyond the al)domen. Ovipositor long, broad, saber-shaped, a little up- curved. This is one of the largest Tertiary Locustaria? known, if not the largest. LlTHYMNETKS GUTTATUS. PI. 17, Figs. 14, 15. Lithymnetc8 guttatua Scndd.. Bull. U. S. Oeol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 5;i:f-o34 (1878). This is the largest insect I have seen from the Tertiary shales of Flor- issant, and is remarkable for the markings of the tegmina, which are covered throughout (with the possible exception of the anal area and the extreme base of the vving, which are obscure) witli minute, circular, equidistant, pale Npots, situated between the nervules ; they have a mean diameter of half a millimeter, and a mean distance apart of one and a half millimeters. The head is full and regularly rounded on a side view, with no prominences. The antennre appear to have the usual structure, but the second joint is small, and the thickness of the joints above the front of the prothorax is 0.45°"", already diminishing to 0.3""" at the posterior border of the same ; they are broken shortly beyond this point, so that their length can not be determined. The mean diameter of the eyes is scarcely more than one-third the shortest length of the genaj. The costal margin of the tegmina is gently convex, with a regular curve throughout, or until close to the tip ; the inner margin ha.s a similar though slighter convexity ; the principal branch of the externomedian vein passes through the middle of the wing. The legs are Jill slender, the liind femora very slight, but little incrassated toward the base, the hind tibia> slender, equal throughout, armed at tip with a pair of small, moderately stout, black-tipped spurs, the hind tarsi about two-lifths the length of the tibiae the claw very slight. Ovipositor broad, gently curved, at least as long as the hind tibia-, of nearly equal size upon the part preserved. Length of body (excluding ovipositor), 37""'; depth of head, 12.5"""; larger diameter of eye, 1.85"'"'; shorter, 1.35"""; distance from lower edge of eye to upper edge of mandibles, 4""" ; length oi" jjreservcd part of tegmina, 45.5'""' ; probable length of same, 55"" ; distance from base of tegmina to front of head, 13""" ; from same to base of principal branch of externomedian n 230 TKRTIAUY INSP:CT.S OF NOKTll AMKIilCA. vein, 14.5""" ; hrciidtli of teginina in iiii«1"'"'; l('ii},'tli of tore femora,* 9"'"'; middle femom', ]()"'"'; liind femora, 1!!"'"'; fore til)ia-, !>.r."'"'; middle tibia-, 1 ()..")"'"•; liiml tibia-, 21""" ; fore tarsi, 7""" ; hind tarsi, S""" ; apical spurs of hind til»ia-, 1.7.")"""; claw of hind tarsi, O.'t""".: jrreatest breadth of hind femora, 3"""; length of ovipositor (broken), IS"'"'; breadth at base, .'5'"'"; at a distance of 14"'"' f om base, 2..".5"'"'. The specimen is preserved on a side view, with the left (upper) tegmen and the ovipositor drooping, the other parts in a natural attitude, the legs drooping. Floris.sant. One specimen. No. 11.5."»7 (9). Siibtiimily PSETTDOPHYI^I.ID/E Burmeister. The Tertiary species described by Fleer from Greenland under the name of Locusta gid-nlaudica falls probably in this family; but there is no close connection between it and the American .species described below. The distril)ntion of the family at the present day is in general similar to that of the last named. (July, 1884.) OYMATOMERA Schaum. This tropical or subtropical Old W(»rld genus does not properly find a rei)resentative in the American rocks, l»ut the species here described, too imperfect for separate diagnosis, a{)pv.. rs to fall in its near vicinity and is consequently referred here ])rovisionally. No fossil species is known. Cymatomkra maculata. PI. 17, Fig. 7. A couple of spotted fragments from near the base of the tegmina of a locustarian are placed here provisiouall}', liecause they agree better with th(! group represented by that genus than with any other, though they plainly can not l)elong to Cymatomera in any strict sense. The better of the two fi-agnients shows the base of a broad wing, with dark brownish, lon- gitudinal veins, spreading widely, and the spaces between them or their branches l)roken by very frequent, long cross-veins into short but v»-ry deep (juadrangular cells, while the whole surface, largely independent of the 'There is hoiiip (loiil)t abniit tlicw iiii>aHiii'i>iiiHnlH, tlii; basal portioiiH lieiiif{(iliNCiiri-. ORTHOPTKRA— LOOlTSTARr^i. 231 i cells and even of the veins, is heavily blotched with irregular spots of paler or deeper l)ro\vn. The largest and deepest of the spots is central, following the here approximated j-adial and ulnar veins. Length of the fragment, 8.5'""' ; breadth of the same (probably nearly the breadth of the base of the wing), 12.5""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1724, 2844. Snblamily CONOGEPHAT.TD/E Stiil. Although unknown in the Eui'opean Tertiaries, this subfamily of locus- tarians, pretty well developed in the southern half of the United States, and far more so than in Europe, is represented by tvro form^ from the Tertiaries of Florissant, not distantly allied to forma still existing in our country. (July, 1884.) OPCHELIMUM ServiUe. This genus, not before found fossil, and represented in North America by a considerable number of species, especially in the warmer portions of the United States, is found in the shales of Florissant, a large species hav- ing been disinterred. In its broad sense the genus is widely distributed over the globe, but in a narrower one, in which our fossil will fall, it is, I believe, peculiar to America. (July, 1884.) Orchelimum placidum. PI. 17, Figs. 10 ( 9 ), 18, 19 ( * ). Though obscurely defined, especially in the very parts which are necessiiry to examine for close determination, the specimens at hand have so clearly the aspect of an Orchelimum that we may .safely consider them as belonging to that modern genus, which Stlil unites with Xiphidium. The species is a very large one, larger even than O. concinnum Scudd., which is the largest known to me, and has the angulated fastigium (seen on a side view) and retreating face characteristic of the genus. The folded tegmina and Avings extend some distance beyond the abdomen, and the ovi- positor, which is well preserved and permits one to see that the upper and lower blades are of e(|uul length, is peculiar for its length and bluntness of tip. It is also much slenderer than in O. concinnum and less curved, in which respects it approaches Xiphidium. m .1; ill 232 TKK'TIAIIY INSIOC rrs OF NOUTII AMKItlCA. ! I.«Mi;rtIi of l»o(ly, ' .•(! , ? 28 ; ni' tefriiiiim, , 'JS)""" : of liiiul femur, sits referred Imn; belong rather to tlmncMiropteroid series. We find, however, several Tertiary species referred here, two from Kadoboj, OUTIIOPTKIfA— FiOOnSTAIM.K. 233 Gryllacris cliarpoiiti ii'i Iloor and (I. iiuo ri<|irf!tiintt;il hm Nhorhir than they Hlinnhl lie. as in othur n^NpcctH the reprnsuntation appears to lir that 'in, ono of them forked — an nniisual circinnstanco ; and on tho right tho larger portion of the basal half of tlu* dorsal (lold, wheni the simplicity and flowing conrse of the veins, in whi(!h no tyinpaninn is constrneted, indicates a female. The nouratio.i, however, is very diti'er- ont from tho prevailing simple type of the (jiryllidai proper and nnich more closely resomijles that of the ihyllotalpida- or of some Hneopterida', tho oblique veins of tho middle ttf the wing, whose course is toward tho lateral nmrgin of tho field, being ofTshoots of a couple of basid veins whoso olditpiity is toward the inner margin. T\u^ hind femora are rather slenderer than usual among Gryllidic, but not so slender as in the Eniioptcu-ida- and allied subfamilies, rather sparsely hairy id)ove and with the outer face dusky, and marked by pale, ol)li(pie lines. The hind tibia is present in only ono speci- men and a little incomplete, so that one can not say whether it is longer or shorter than tho femur ; it is uniforndy and rather sparsely haired throughout. Length of fragment of wing, 7""" ; of hind femur, 11-12""" ; breadth of same, 3.2.')""" ; of fragment of hind tibia, 8.."j""" ; breadth of same, O.O""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 136, 139, Dr. A. S. Packard. 2. Pl{ONEMonHI.S TFUi'nARIU.S. PI. «, Fig.s. i;{, L'l, 23. Nemohiim iirliiiriiis SiMidd., Hull. U, ,S. V.eiA. Oi'o;4r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 774 (187S). This species was first described from legs only, by which it was judged that the insect must have been rather smaller than our conmion Neniobius vittatus (Ilarr.), its hind femur being T™" long, broad, and stout, especially near tho base, where it measures 2.1"""; its upper half is covered with ex- ceedingly delicate, recund)ent hairs directed backward ; tiiere are also a few hairs upon the slender hind tibia, which is broken just where it begins to enlarge, showing signs of tho upper spines ; this portion is about three- 23(i TKUTIAUY INSMTS (H- NORTH AMKKK^A. rourtliit tlif li'ii;;tli of ilio iriiMir. Tlio tVttiil t'ciiiiiriiiKl til)iii, wliicli iii'o cnch only 2.'-'.')""" loii^r, also iiiili('iit<> a hiiiuII spccicH, and ono that \h iiiiiiNually tr(>(> iVoin .H|)iiies, no liairs ttvMi Immii^ diHccrnililc on tliis iVont Ic;^. Since then otiicr nn pcrt'crt H|i«Htitnc!nH Iiavii coino to hand, in- cludini; sonio a little lar^rcr, Hliowin^r itH H\/.e to hv ahont tliat of the rucunt Hp(M'i('s rcf'ericd to. Tlio body IniH the sanie;(ein'i'al t'orni. 'I^he head HceuiH to lie a little lon;rf|- in proportion to itn Itieailth, the uyes p(>rhapH a little smaller, tht« Itasal joint of antenna* t]w Hanie. The pnnuttiMn irtof the nnuw form, hnt hoth head and proi.otum are only sparsely tdothed with very short hairs. All tht! win^red specimens are tenndes, and the tojrmina are aliout three-(ptarfers the; lenjfth of the ahdoinen, much i.'ore delicat(dy constriu'ted than in Nemoltins, the veins l»eiu<»' more frecpient aiut i-.Mich slenderer; on the costal held they run perfectly ])arallel at a slij^ht unj^le from the lateral ang'le hetwecMi the fields ; on the dorsal field they are less numerous, heavier, strai;^ht, and parallel, liiit more fr*Mpu>nt and weaker than in Nemohius vit- tatus. The win>'s are fullv half as lonjj ajfaiii as the ahdonieu. The ovi- positor is short, not reachin;^ to the win fips ol' tlie hiinl foiuoni ; tho iiiiid lo;jrs iimisiially sloiidcr and HiiiiKttli, iu.'itli(!r femora m »r til)iu' lK>in;i(!Vi!ii hairy ; tht! tihia- am imt ciilari^cd at. their oxtmmity, and tho liiiul tarsi aru ahoiit half as stout an tho tihia>, vvitli a lon<^ hasal joint. liCiigth of body as prcsorvod, 7"""; prohablo ontirn h-nglh, S.r»""" ; h^ngtli of pronotmn, l.C"""; of hind \vin;,'s, H.a""" ; of liind foniora, .'J.;')""" ; hroiidth of same, 1,1"""; hsngth of hind tiltia-, 'i.f)""" ; Itniadth of saMio, 0.2"'"'. Named .iftor Prof. H. I. Smith, of Yah) (Jolle;rc, who lias « imtrihutiMl to our knowlodgo of tho ( )rthoptora of New Kn<,dand. Tho specios is smaller than tho procodinjj, has proportionally much longor winjrs and a smo(»thur integument. Green Uivor, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. I'M, 145, Dr. A. S. Packard. HEMIPTERA^ Liimc^. i ■ I V With this group we reach the most, iniportiint section of tl»e present work, since it of all the lower orrlers of insects was far the most abmidant at Florissant. As, however, the g'roup is divisible into two great suborders under which, separately, such general statements as seem approjiriate regard- ing the relative representation of the families will be given, we reserve he-f* only a brief remark or iwo upon the relation of the two suborders. I presume it can not be far wrong to state that the honiopterous fauna of any given region of considerable extent in the north temperate zone is to the heteropterous fiiuna asaboat one to thre(s or, in other words, that about 2r> per cent of the hemipterous fauna is houuipterous. These figures are the result of the comparisons of .several fannal lists. In Mr. Uhler's List of the Ilemiptera of tl^e (Tnited States west of the Mi.ssissippi (the geographical area of our j)resent work), the TIomo|)tera hold a still more insignificant place, forming scarcely more than 13 \)vr cent of tlu^ whole. In tropical oountrit's a verv ditferent proportion obtains, the II onioptera holding, or nearly holding, their own beside the ne(eroptera, and subtropical countries or those which feel the 5 m i ''l If W(! exclude the amber forms and compare the fauna of the rocks only, we shall reach a very different result, as the following table shows : Tnhle of/ofiil Homopttiii from rock rfr;>ii«i/«. America. Km rope. Kiiiiiilii's. .Ui'iirru. SpccieH. Genera I S|H)cies.; t'ocriil:!' Apliiili'H j I'nylliihr .... I FiilK«riiia ... i JuHNiilcs Or<'o|(i an :t 3 11 ai H 18 10 •n 1 ai u 1 <; iia VJ an HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— COCCID^. 241 This table shows clearly how poorly the Aphides and Fulgorina are preserved in the European as compared with the American rocks. It has been necessary to establish a large number of new generic groups to contain the American forms, which perhaps would not have been the case to the same extent had a really good selection of existing tropical American types been accessible ; for the affinities of nearly the whole homoj)terous fauna of our Tertiaries are plainly subtropical. It is curious to see how highly developed some apparently extinct types were in that day ; the family groups were quite as trenchant ;is now, and while we find in some, as in Aphides, marked departures from modern structure, it in no wsiy appears to affect the family characters or to mark any approach toward the neighboring groups. Some genera now apparently extinct seem to have attained a high degree of differentiation, as witness Aphidopsis among the Aphides, Dia- plegma among the Fulgorina, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes among the Cercopida?; of all of these tlure were several species, and more than occur in any other generic group excepting Agallia among the Jassides, which is equal to the least prolific of them. As a general rule it is also in just these genera that the individuals are the most abundant, notably among the Cercopidaj, which as a family is almost twice as numerous as all the others together, though the least among these larger families well provided with generic distinctions ; for the three genera, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes, with their fifteen species, not only O'ltnumber in specific types the other seven genera of Cercopidiu (twelve species), but they contain more than nine-tenths of the individuals of this family which have passed under my eyes. Family COCCID^^:. The only fossils of this group hitherto known are some that occur in amber. Three species referred to Monophlobus were described and figured by Germar, and Monge has since added short descriptions of half a dozen species referred to Aleurodes, Coccus (2), Dorthesia, and the extinct genera Ochyrocoris and Polyclona. To these we are able to add a single species from Florissant. MONOPHLEBUS Leach. This is an Old World genus which has never been detected living in America. The species are largely from tropical regions, but a single one is recognized from Europe. On this account there is special interest in the VOL XIII 16 242 TEBTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMEBIOA. occurrence of three species of this group in Prussian amber, described by Germar in Koch and Berendt's great work, and it is still more interesting to find a species apparently belonging to this genus from the shales of Flor- issant, Colorado. MONOPHIiEBUS SIMPLEX. The sin^rle specimen referred to this genuH agrees better with the fossil than with recent types. It is a fairly well preserved body, with the dorsal surface uppermost, but slightly turned to one side; the wings partially expanded, and all the legs of one side showing excepting the tarsi ; unfortu- nately no antennic are preserved. The head is small and subcircular ; the thorax large, subquadrate, tapering abruptly in front to the width of the head, which is hardly more than half the width of the thorax. Wings of the shape of those of M. pinnatus from amber, about three times as long as broad, well rounded, showing with distinctness only the subcostal vein which runs from near the base toward the costa, on approaching which it follows the thickened margin almost exactly parallel to it to the extreme tip of the wing, much as is seen to be the case in M. pinnatus, though here separated more widely from the shoulder of the wing at its base ; besides these there are only visible the ba.se of the median vein from wliich the sub- costal takes its rise, running but an extremely short distance into the heart of the wing, and a mere spur of the lower vein which arises barely before the 8ubco.stal and runs into the heart of the wing a less distance than does the oblique basal part of the subcostal. The legs are subequal in lengtli ; the tibiic a little longer than the femora and scarcely slenderer ; all are .slight. The abdomen is long oval, well rounded behind, and (tonipoxed distinctly of nine joints, of which the penultimate is very slight l)ut the pre- ceding ones subequal, with no signs of any lateral or terminal appendages. Length of body, 3.2.V'""; breadth of same, 1"""; length of wing, 2.5™"'; breadth, 0.8""" ; length of hind femora, 0.7""" ; hind tibiaj, 0.75"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7561. Family APHIDES Leach. One would hardly suppose that objects of such extreme delicacy and minute size aa plant lice would be found in a fossil state. Yet they are by no means infrequent, and have even been found in the Secondary deposits of England ; for in Urodie's work two objects which appear to be wingless HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 243 forms are figured, and besides these another winged plant louse of a diminu- tive size, showing the characteristic venation of the group. In the Ter- tiary rocks a considerable number of species have been found; most of these have been referred to Aphis (twelve species) and Lachnus (eight), and so belong, like the bulk of living species, to the subfamily Aphidinae ; but the Pemphigina) are represented by a Pemphigus from Oeningen and the Schizoneurina3 by a Schizoneura from amber. Besides occurring in these localities they have also been found at Radoboj, Aix, and Ain, in Europe, and we can now add several localities in our own country. That they are not scarce in amber is sliown by Menge's collection, which in 1856 included fifty-six specimens. But these are few compared with the number from Florissant, where more than one hundred specimens have been found, about seventy of them determinable, though in the other American localities — Green River and Quesnel, British Columbia — only two or three specimens have occurred. Indeed, by the present publication the number of known fossil species is doubled. There are some remarkable features about the Florissant forms. The mass of them belong, as is the case with those from the European Tertiary rocks, to the AphidinsB proper. But both here and in the Schizoneurinaj, to which the remainder appertain, we are met by two remarkable facts, one that the variation in the neuration of the wings is very much greater than occurs amonj; ne geneia of living Aphidinaj and Schizoneurina;, and greiiter also than occurs in the known Tertiary forms of E»u'ope, requiring the establish n^ent of a large number of genera to represent this variation ; and, second, that at the same time there is one feature of their neuration in which, without an exception, they uniformly agree, and differ not only from the modern types but from the European Tertiary insects. This fea- ture is the great length and slenderness of the stigmatic cell, due to the removal of the base of tlie stigmatic vein to the middle (or to before the middle, sometimes even to the base) of the long and slender stigma, and its slight cur -ature; it is a fact of particular interest in this connection that in the only wing we know from the Secondary rocks precisely this feature occurs, as illustrated in Brodie's work (see PI. 4, Fig. 3). So, too, the cubital space is largely coriaceous, so that the postcostal vein may be considered as exceedingly broad and merging eventually, without the intervening lack of opacity, into the stigma proper. As a general rule the wings are also very long and narrow and the legs exceedingly long. In all these charac- m 244 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. teristies the American plant lice appear as a rule to differ from forms so far described from the European Tertiaries. The single winged species figured by Berendt from amber, however, shows precisely this (character as far as the length of the stigmatic cell is concerned, which is about two-fifths the length of the wing. These figures are incorrectly coj)ied by Buckton, with the remark that the neuration is abnormal, which it certainly is in his figure. It will be interesting to know whether the other species of the Baltic amber will show a similar departure from the condition of the stigmatic cell in modern types. Not a single one of the Florissant forms can be referred to an existing genus. Table of the genera of Aphide». Cubital vein twice forked AphidinR. Cubital vein arisinn ivt lesH than lialf tlio (listanco fro n tlm first oblique to the Htifrniatie vein. Stigmatic vein arinini; niitlwny between the firnt and Heconil forkn of the cubital vein or dis- tinctly nearer the Hecoiid fork. Origin of the Htijjiiiatio vein midway lietween the \\y*\ and second forksof the cubital vein. Apex of cell about three times a» broad as its base 1. t'atanenra. Apex of cell about six tiinoN as broad as its base 2. Archilachniiit. Origin of the Rti|;nuitic vein scarcely or not before that of the second fork of the cubital vein. RaHe of secorul oblii|ue vein several times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein ;!. Oeranchum. Hase of the second nblif|ue vein midway between the first oblique and the cubital vein 4. SbenapHi. The stigmatic vein arising opposite the lirst fork of the cubital vein or distinctly nearer it than the second. First cubital branch nearly or quite four times us long as the basal stem of the cubital vein r>. Aplianlajtliit. First cubital branch at most three times as long as the basal stem of the cubital vein. First olilii|ue vein parting from the main vein at an angle of less than .">">■'. fi. Siphonophoroidet. First olilique vein parting from the main vein at an angle of nu)re than 7(1". 7. lAthaphii. Cubital vein arising at half or more than half the distance from the first oblicine vein to the stig- nuitic vein. Main veins arising at nearly ecpial distances apart M. Tephraphi». Main veins arising at distinctly iine(|nal distances apart. 4Seiilal cell less than three times the width of that of the first. 14. Aiiconotut. Basi' of second discoidal cell more than five times the width of that of the first. ir>. Pteroitigma. HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTERA— APUIDES. 245 1. CATANEURA gen. nov. (jcard, vevpoi). Head very small, iippareiitly destitute of frontal tul)ereles. Antennae unknown. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space betweeri the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time about as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. The second oblique vein arises a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a slightly less angle, the first discoidal cell between them about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora about half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate, apparently with a short and stout cauda. Table of the species of Cataneiira. FirHt discoidul coil more transvoran tlian longitudinal; cubital vein very distant from the stigmatic, apiiroucbiDg the secoud obliiiiiu vuin 1. C. absens. FirHt diHcoidal cell aH lougitiidiiial an transverse; unbital ''ein apitroximatiag the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein 2. C. riltyi. 1. Cataneura absens. The single specimen shows little beside the wings folded flatly over the back, but the head and thorax and one of the femora are also preserved. The fore wing is about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight and very long, parting at the postcostal at an angle of about thirty-five degrees ; second oblique vein slightly sinuous, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees ; the first discoidal cell between them very long consilering that it is more transver.se than longi- tudinal, the base moderately narrow, the apex, as measured on the hind margin, about three times as broad as the base. Cubital vein taking an exceptionally low course, so as to be very distant from the stigmatic vein throughout, first forking half-way to the hind border, then bent outward. Stigmatic vein arcuate and divergent at base. Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6.5""°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 607. 2. Cataneura rileyi. The head with part of the antennaj, the thorax with most of the legs and one wing, and, obscurely, the abdomen are preserved in the single example known. The fore wing is about three and a half times longer than 246 TERXrAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERIOA. m broad. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at scarcely more than forty five degrees, and the S(»cond oblique, which is also straight, at as little less, the first discoidal cell being, nevertheless, only moderately long and narrow, and more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein broadly arcuate, occupying the middle of the space assigned to it, first forking at scarcely more than a third way to the hind margin and again at less than half-way to the tip. Stigmatic vein parting very narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very slender and nearly or quite a third the length of the wing. Length of body, 4'""' ; of fore wing, 6""". Named for Dr. Charles Valentine Riley, whose researches on the grape root aphid. Phylloxera, to mention only this, are widely known. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2916. 2 ARCHTLACHNUS Buckton. Jrohilachnu* Biickt., Monoi;r. Brit. ApbideH, IV, 177(1883). The head appesirs to be without frontal tubercles, and the antennae are slender, almost as long as the body (perhaps longer), with the basal joints as in Aphis. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, wliich is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time as far beyctnd the origin of the stigmatic as it is beyond the first fork of the cibital vein. Second oblique vein arising a little nearer the first obli(jue than the cubital vein, at an angle of about forty-five degrees with the post- costal, the first at a distinctly less angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about six times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout, the hind pair about as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate with a short and moderately stout cauda. The genus was not .separately characterized by Buckton. I do not see any special relation to Lachnus. Table of the itpfciet of Archilachnuf. Lurf;i> and stout HpncioH. Cnliitnl vt'iii bnit at its firnt fiiri;nti»n, othprwi«<> i«trftl(lht.. .1. A. pennntiii. Suiall und Hieudur Hpuuioa. Cubitul vuiii guutly uicuatu tbruugtiuul tliu Ur8t twu-thirdH of 'n» uoiiinu. a. A. mudgei. HEMIPTEBA—HOMOPTEBA— APHIDES. 247 . 1. Archilachnus pennatub. PI. 18, Figs. 1, 15-17. Archilachnut penmtui Bnckt., MoiiuKr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177, PI. 133, Fig. 3 (1883). As preserved, the head and thorax are uniform and fonsiderably darker than the abdomen. Tlie body is stout. Fore wing more than two and a half times longer than broad, with the postcostal vein thick, straight, and uniform, running into the very long and fusiform stigma, and separated by a narrow space from the margin, which is gently convex, and so a little more distant at base. First oblique vein arising at one-third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, straight, parting from the post- costal at an angle of about sixty degrees ; second oblique vein arising very close to the first, straight, or very slightly sinuate or arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty- five degrees ; first discoidal cell much widened distally, being five or six times broader on the hind margin than at base. Cubital vein arising twice as far from the second as the second from the first oblique vein, with its first branch completely parallel to the second oblique vein, first forking at a trifle more than one-third the way out, and again about half-way from the first fork to the apex of the wing, varying in individuals, at the first fork bent slightly but beyond almost jjerfectly straight. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and parts sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is of variable slenderness, though always more than a third as long as the wing. Length of body, 4""" ; of fore wing, 6.6""' ; hind femora, 2.5""" ; hind tibiaj, 3.75™". Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 177, 4615, 6993, 9221, 12727. 2. Archilachnus mudoei. The single specimen ii? 3xcellently preserved on a dorsal view, except that the overlapping fore wings are somewhat confused, lying upon the top of the back, and that one wing is doubled upon itself. The body is rather slender, the head and thorax darker than the scarcely perceptible abdomen and apparently mottled. Fore wings with the postcostal vein and stigma as in A. pennatus, the first oblique vein arising at a little more than one- third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, but other- wise like the second oblique vein, as in A. pennatus ; the first discoidal cell h\ TEKTIAKY IN8KCT8 OF NORTH VMKUICA. 18 imicli more open, hut how much the (condition of tlie Hpeciiiioii doeH not show. Cul)ital vein unking' Hnireely farther from tlie Hecond oljlicjur vein tlian tlie hitter i» from the tirHt, forkin not be determined, licngth of fragment, 3..')"'"'; probable length of wing 4.4"""; breadth, 1.4""". Named for Prof William Morris Davis, of Harvard College. Florissant. One specimen, Nu. 140r)3. 2. (IeRANCHON PKTROHIIM. PI. 2, Fig. «. Laohntu petrorum SouAi., Rep. Ptogr. Ouol. 8iirv. Cuii., ld75-'7 very slender, at least nearly as long as the body. Fore wings with the stig- matie vein arising from the middle of the stign)a. Cubital vein twice fork(*uiit iiii(lwit)',b()tw<>i > !iu lifHt obli(|iie and cubital velhH. 1. 5. quetneU. Second obli(|ii« vriii itriiiiDK much nearer tho tinit obliqnu than the cubital vein. Hhim) of HiM-ond diM'oidal ri-ll twicu un w'ulu oh tliut of the llrHt; cubital vein riinninj; barely nearer tht< Htiftnintic than thti second obli(|ne v»in 'i. S. uhleri. Baiieof Hecond diHcoidal cell nearly thrice aH wide aa that of the llrHt; cubital vein running very much closer to the HtiKinatio t jau to the tiecond obliiine vein li, S. lania. SbENAPHIS ylJESNELI. PI. 2, Figs. 4, 6; PI. 18, Pig. 12. iMchnut iiueiineli Suudd., Kiip. Progr. Qeol. 8urv. Can., l87tl-'77, 461-462 (l»78). The original description, with certain omissions and changes to corre- spond with the phraseology here employed, was as follows: The remains which are preserved are a ])air of overlapping front wings with torn edges, but with all the imjKjrtant parts of the neuration, and some of tho veins of the hind wings. The body is completely crushed and all HBiMIPTEKA-IIOMOPTKRA— AIMIIDKS. 251 other mornl)erH iiro abHuut. The partH wliic-li can bo Htiidioil are than v«ry Miinilar to thotto found in O^uranchon potroruni, duscribod above, i'roni tlio Hanio bod. Owinj^ to thu alMuiuto of tbo inar<{in, the Hhape of tlie winjf (;ati not be determined The porttuoHtal vein iH thick throughout, but broadens apioally ; the first anil nacond ol)lique veinn are botli perfectly ntraifflit, ori^finutiuff scarcely fiirtlior apart tliun the wiilth of the poHt( -.ostal vein and diver^finjif considerably. From the position in whiish the \vin;;s are preserved (one front wijiui' al half, l)artiiig from the postcostal.it an angle of forty-five degrees, and separated froii; the first by a slightly wider interval than in the other species described ; the first discoidal cell is about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein, arising nearlj' three times as far from the second obli(pio vein as the latter is ^rom the first, tiikcs a course above the middle of the ai'ea left to it, approaching very close to the stigmatic vein ; it forks first about (puirter-way to the hind margin and again about opjjosite the stigmatic vein, wl ich, with the stigmatic cell, is as in S. uhleri. Length of body, 3.25"""; fore wing, 5.5"'"'; fore femora, 1.15'""' ; fore tiliia', 1.7"'"'; middle femora, 1.4"""; middle tibiic, 2.;J""" ; hind femora, 2"'"'; hind tibia", 3.25'""'. Florssant. One specimen, No. 12994. 5. Al'IIANTAPlIIS gen. nov. {acpayro?, Aphis). Head without frontal tubercles, the antenuie being inserted in sub- lateral pits; they are longer than the fore wings, very slender indeed, the third joint very Ion};. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middP- '»f' an exceedmgly slender and tapering stigma, the stigmatic cell nearly half f)M> length of the wing. Culntal vein twice forked, the, fir.st time at a veiT slighl distance from its origin, which is scarcely before the middle of tlie sf/we befwc^'U \ho first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time lialf way thence to tlw tip of the wing. Second oblitpie vein arising slightly nearer tlie cuUtal than the iirst obliipie vein, the first so near the base of the wing as to lw> very .siK>rt, and the first discoidal cell between them only about twice as wid( at tlw^ hitid margin as at base. Legs long and slender, the hind tibia' and tarsi marly efpialing the length of the wings. A single species is known. 254 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ApHANTAPHIS EX8UCA. The fore wing, whicli is exceptionally preserved, is long oval, almost three times as long as bro.id ; the postcostal and all the space between it and the costal margin filled with pigment, so as to be exceptionally broad, taper- ing until it expands again into the long fusit'orm stigma. First ohliiiue vein very close to the base, short, straight, j)arting from the j)ostcosfal af an angle of at least seventy degrees, not twice as h)ng as the lireadth of the base of the first discoidal cell ; second oblique vein arising far from tiu; first at a.i angle of fifty degrees, straight until near the tip, where it bends considerably to meet the margin, lO that the first discoidal cell is hardly more than twice as broad on the liiri 1 margin as at the base. Cubital vein feeble, but uniform throughout; hardly so far removed from the second obliijue vein at its oiigin as that from the first, first forkimg hardly one-sixth way to the hind margin, again fully half-way to the tip of the wing, running slightly nearer the stigmatic tiian the second oblique vein. Stigmati(^ vein arising opposite a point about one-third the distance frooi the first to the second forking of the cubital vein or less, far l)efore t\u- middle of tiie stigma, having a broad sweep, so that the stigmatic cell, rhough not narrow, is four-ninths the length of the wing. Length of fore wing, 4 5™"' ; i)readth nai" same, 1.6""" ; length of antennas 6"""; hind tibije and tarsi, 4""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1215. I 6. SIPHONOPHOROIDES Buckton. SiphonophoroideK (parH) Buckton, Monogr. Urit. Apliidi-H, IV, 17(i (18SH). AntennsE inserted on distinct and prominent frontal tubercles, the first two joints forming together a stout, sulxonical mass more than twice as long as broad; the remainder of the ;i tuna' slender, filiform, nuu'h longer than tlie body, as long as the fore wingw, all the joints and especially the third excessiveh' long. Fore wings with tlie stigmatic vein arising from the middle of tlie very long and slender fusiform stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time tolerably far from its origin, which is usually at about one-third the di.stanc(! from the ba.se of the first o!»li(pie to ihat of the stig- matic vein, the second time about as far again beyond the stigmatic vein as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein aris- HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 255 i ing somewhat but not greatly nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the tirst at a considerably wider angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is from three or four to six or eight times as broad on the hind marjrin as at the base. Legs slender, the hind femora half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen ovate, rather broad, well rounded apically, with very short and stout cornicles in at least one species, but no cauda. Buckton gave no characteristics of his genus apart from the specific description ; his supposition that the abdomen was pointed was due to his taking the faiut signs of the first oblique veins as the sides of the abdomen in the figure wiiich formed the basis of his determination. Table of the species of Siphoiiophoroidet. Second oblique vein parting from Mii> postcostal ut an angle of forty-Are degrees 1. S. antiqua. Second oblique vein parting from the pnitoostul at an angle of ttitrty-llve degrees. FirHt braneli of cubital vein distant from tlie second obliqne vein First branch of cubital vein closely approximated to the second oblique vein ... 2. S. rttfinetquei. ...3. S. propinqua. SiPHONOPHOBOIDES ANTIQUA. PI. 18, Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10. Siphonophoroidet anliqua Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176, PI. i;<3, Fig. 1 (1883). This is far the most common of the Florissant Aphides, and many of the specimens are very fairly preserved, f hey are uniformly dark colored, or the abdomen may be a little paler or more obscure than the rest of the body. The wings are pretty slender, fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is moderately thick, uniform, and running without break into the very long fusiform stigma ; it is separated by a moderately widt "<1 regularly decreasing space from the costal margin. The first ol)li(|Ue vein is sti'aight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fully sixty degrees : the second i>bli(|ue is .straight in its basal half, arcuate or sinuate bevoiid, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees at ;i mmierate distance from the first ol)liqne vein, the first discoidal cell between tlm-in heiii"- about t tin- times as broad on the hind margin as at the l)a.se. Cal)ital ^.'\n arising farther, generally abuuit half as far again, sometimes ahnnst twire as far, from the second oblicpie as that from the fii'st obliqii*' v MM. ver\ longitudinal in course, first forking at about two- firttiis tlie distaiit-e r»» the hind mar<;in and ajjain at about half-wav between the first forking and the tip of the wing, mnning about twice as near the stigmatic as the second oblique vein. Stigiua*ic vein arising nearer the first 256 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. tliiiii the second fork of the cubital, sometimes to a considerable dejjree arcuate at base but beyond horizontal, so that the stigmatic cell is both long and slender, from a third to two-fifths the length of the wing. Hind legs about as long as the antenniu. Length of body, 4"""; fore wing, 5-6"'"'; breadth of same, l.r)-2"""; length of aiiteiuue, .')..')""" ; legs of one individual as follows : fore femora 1.5"'"'; fore tibijv and tarsi, 2.25'"'" ; middle femora, 1.25'""'; middle tibia; and tarsi, 2.15""": hind femora, 2. 25"""; hind tibijv and tarsi, .'}""". Florissant. Fifteen .specimens, Nos. 1()7!>, 133!), 18fi7, 2390, 2881, 3029, 5747, 7!»34, SS,Si>, !»574, 10205, 11562, 13562, 144.50, and, from the Princeton CoHection. 1.986. Besides tlie.se, Nos. 1703, 3284, and 5491 from Florissant, should probably be referred here. 2. Siphonophokoides kafinesqiiei. The greater part of the creature, t'xcej^ting the abdomen, is preserved m the single specimen obtained. Th-e antenna; are nearly as long as the hind legs and consi(lorabl\ longer than the wings. The wings are very .slender, fullv four tinu's longer than broad. The postcostal except at base is striiight, .slender, and runs uninterruptedly into the exceptionally slender fusiform stigma. The tirst t)bli<}Upf- vein is strai^rht, or slightly arcuate, and parts from the postco.stal at an amgle M' nearly sixty degrees ; the second oblique vein is also straight or sligriitly arcuate, is moderately distant at base from the finst oblicpie, an(i parts from the })ostco*R,al at an angle of forty-live degrees, so that tlie first disi^oidal (^ell is four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cirliitai vein arines mopv tiian twice as far from the second obUrpie vein a.« that is fnmi the first and oulv a little less than half-way from tiie first obli(jue to the stigm itic ^•»'in, forks about two-fifths way to the iiind margin, and witli its iirst fork mns completcdy parallel to and distara from tUe second ohli(|iie vein : it is bent at its fork and there- after ruiw longitudiiiallv, forking again about half-wav to the tip and run- ning cl»»He t.o tile sti<;;nurtic vein. Tliis la«t arises very much nearer the first than ti*e seroml mhital fork, and except at base is but little arcuate and verv longitiHUiial, so that tlie stigmatic cell is exceptionally slender and nearlv half as l*>ng as the wing. Legs very slender. LenLftli of fore \vinKs propinqua. Tho sinjfle specimen on wliich this species is based is not so well pre- served us the last. The antennjc are broken in the middle, but were appar- (;ntly of a similar lenj^th. Tho wings are slender, fully three times lon{jer than Itroad. The postcostal is very l)roacl, straight, and uninterrupted. The tirst obliipie vein is straight, and parts from tho postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees; tlie second is straight at base, beyond considerably arcuate, se[)arated by a narrow distance from the first, and placed at an angle o^ scarcely forty degrees witli the postcostal, so that the first discoidal cell between them is very long and slender, and is about four times as broad on the liind marmn as at the ba.se. The cubital vein ari.ses nearly twice as far from the second ol>lif)ue as that from tlie first, forks at rather less than one-third way to the hind margin, aiul is vei-y arcuate in course, so that though its first fork approaches exceptional!}' near the second obli(pie vein, the main stem reaches only twice the distance from the stigmatic vein. This hist vein arises opposite a point on tiie cubital vein one-third way from the first to the second fork, and, strongly arcuate, passes at once tar into the wing, and then becomes longitudinal, the stigmatic cell being pretty large and long, about t.vo-fifths the length of the wing. Legs very slender. Length of fore wing, 5.5"""; breadth of same, 1.5"""; length ot fore femora, 1.75"'"" ; fore tibiie and tarsi, 2.5""" ; hind femora. •2.25"'"' ; hind tibi;e and tarsi, 4.2""". Florissant. One specimen, Xo. ;J738. 7. LlTllAl'lllS gen. nov. (A/^(jf, Aphis.) Head rather small with short frontal tubercles on which the antennje are seated in close proximity. Tho first two joints of the latter as in Siphonophoroides, the remainder ;dso as there, but if anything even longer. Fore wins moderately slender, the hind femora shorter than the abdomen, vhich is no broader than the thorax, twice as long as broad, and rounded. A single species is known, LlTHAI'HIS DIKUTA. The body appears to have been pretty uniformly colored. The pro- portions of the wings can not be determined, but the insect was one of the smaller species. The postcostal is parallel witli the costa, moderately slen- der, especially just befoio the long and tapering stigma. The first oblique vein is very transvers^s parting at an angle of about eighty degrees witii the postcoital, and straiglit ; tiie second oldicjue vein, arising rather close to the first, is slightly arcuate and parts from tlie j)ostcostal at an angle of forty- five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is many times broader on the hind niarsrin than at the base. The cubital vein arises less than twice as far be- voiid the second obli(jue vein as that beyond thefu'st, is rather straight and stiff", first forks at less than a third way to the hind margin and again about half-way to the tip, approaching the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein. Tlie stiguiatic vein ari.sos scarcely beyond the first furcation of the cubital, and, strongly arcuate at first, reaches widely into the wing, the stig- nuitic cell being large and long. Length of body, ."."""; antenna', r).a""" ; wing (probable), 4.a"'"'. Florissant. Tliree specimens, Nos. 378.5, 12112, 1247^. A specimen from (ireen River, No. 82, Prof L. A. Lee, may perhaps belong here. S. TEPHRArniS gen. nov. {Tf,ppm,>, Aphis). Siphonoiihorniden {pan) Hlicktoii, Mniiosf. Urit. Apliiilcs, IV, I7(i (ISs:)). Head apparently nuu;h as in Lithaphis, but the front tuberc-les iire luicertain. Antenn.-v constructed basally as there, separated at base by their own width, much longer than the* fore wing. Fore wing with tli<- .stigmatic vein arising rather l)efore the middle of the unusually broad UEMIPTEUA—IIOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 259 stijyniii. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very near to its origin (which is about two-thirds the distance from the first oblique to the stig- matic vein), and about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, the second time at varyinj^ distances from the first. Second oblique vein a little nearer the first obrupie than the stigmatic vein, unusually transverse, the first scarcely more longitudinal, so that the first discoidal cell between them, broad at base, is not more than twice as broad on the hind margin. Legs slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the rest of the leg about two-thirds the length of the fore wings. Abdomen short oval, well rounded apically, no broader than the thorax. Both species are very small. Tabic of the s/iecic/i of ! phrajihiii. ■''irst (liHcoidal coll only liulf uh hroail a<;aiti ou the liiml iimrgiu as at bust), the Arst aufi Hecuiid oblique voiimvery nearly parallel t. T. simplex. First discoidal cell twice as broad on the hind margin as at base, the first and second oblique veins distinctly divergent 2. T. walihii. 1. Tephraphis simplex. PI. 18, Fig. 4. Siphoiiophoroides timplex nncktou, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176-177, PI. 133, Fig. 2 (1883). This is one of the smallest of the Florissant species. The antennae, twice as long as the body, taper to a slender thread, scarcely visible on the stone. The body has the abdomen very pale and indistinct, but the rest much darker, and the legs are uniformly dark. The wings are slender, at least three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very heavy and straight and the stigma, hardly broader, is very long. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; the second oblique is very distant from the first, parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, and, at first straight and there- fore almost parallel to the first oblique vein, is afterwards a little arcuate, so that the first discoidal cell is about half as broad again on the hind margin as at its base. The cubital ^eln, a little farther removed from the second oljlicpie vein than the latter is from the first, runs with its first fork in a straight course, parallel to the second oblique vein, forks at one-fourth the distance from the base, and is considerably angulated, running after- wards cimipletely parallel to the stigmatic vein, and forking again about half-way to the tip of the wing. Stigmatic vein arising closely subsequent to the first forking of the cubital vein, parting abruptly and curving 260 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. strongly, passing a variable distance into the Ijody of tlie wing, and then running longitudinally; it nowhere approaches closely the cubital vein, and the stigmatjc cell is at the most scarcely one-third the length of the wing. Length of body, 2.4™™ ; antenntp, 4.T.^™'" ; wings, 3.5-4™™ ; fore fem- ora, 1™™; fore tibia- and tarsi, 1.2f)™™ ; middle tili?' aiui tarsi, 1.6™™; hind femora, 1.2™™; hind tibia' and tarsi, 2™™. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. r)19, 670», 2153. 2. TePHRAPHIS WAL8UII. PI. iS, Fig. 19, Little is preserved buttheovcrlappingfore wings and these imperfectly. They show the insect to have been very small with slender wings, probably just about three times as long as bro>id. The tii'st oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees; the second is also straight and parts at an angle of forty degrees, and the distance between the two being great, the first discoidal cell is wide, but on the hind margin twice as wide as at base. The cubital vein arises only a little farther from the second oblique vein than it is from the first, luid at about two-thirds the dis- tance from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; with its first branch it is completely parallel to the second oblique vein and straight, forking first at about one-third of the distance to the hind margin ; it is not abruptly bent at this fork, but curves rather rapidly to gain a longitudinal course, and forks again a little less than half-way to the tip of the wing. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first fork of the cubital and curves rapidly to a longitudinal course, but the relative length of the slender stigmatic cell can hardly be determined. Length of specimen, 4.25™™ ; probable length of wing, 3.5"". The late Benjamin D. Walsh was one of the first students of our Aphides. Florissant. One specimen. No. 8085, lying entangled with Ptero- stigma recurvum. 9. APHIDOPSIS gen. nov. (Aphis, niPi?). Head provided with short, broad, and uniform frontal tubercles, between which, a space more than equaling the breadth of the antennae, the front is rounded and slightly advanced. First joint of jintenna' distinctly nar- rower than the frontal tubercles, scarcely longer than broad, scarcely narrow- ' UEMIPTERA-IIOMOPTEBA— APHIDES. 261 ing apically, the second much smaller, subconical, the remainder very slender, filiform, much longer than the fore wings, tlie third joint alone as long ns the whole body. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein more than usually longitudinal, arising from before the middle of the very narrow and elongated stigmn, so that the very narrow stigmatic cell is more than a tiiird as long as the wing. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin (a third or halfway to the extremity of the first branch), which is usiudly flbout midway between the first oblique and cubital veins, but varies to some extent, and in any case oidy a little before tiie origin of the stigmatic vein, the second time not far from half-way from the first forking to the apex of the wing. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, sometimes only to a slight extent, sometimes twice as near it, generally very straight, the first oblique at such an angle with it thsit the first discoidal cell between them, pretty wide at base, is from three to six times as wide on the hind margin of the wing. Legs very slender, the hind femora fully reaching the tip of the abdomen, the rest of the hind legs only a little shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen rounded ovate, somewhat broader than the thorax, fullest behind, with an extremely short and rather stout cauda, and very short and remark- ably stout conical cornicles. Table of the iipecie» of Aphidopsii. Fore wiiifjg more than throe luillhneterB lonK. Ciibitiil vein arcuate thruu^hont. First cnbital brani'h iniiuh nearer to the secoml culiital branch than to the second oblique yein. Cubital vein approaching the stigmatic vein /ery closely ; fore lugs longer than middle legs 1. A. stxbtmia. Cnbital vein not approaching the stigmatic vein very closely; fore legs shorter than mid- dle logs ii. A. hargeri. First cnbital branch e(|nidtstant from second cubital branch and second oblique vein. 3. A. Itttaria. Cubital vein angularly bent at furcations. Kxpanse of wiugs nine millimetorsor less ; flrst discoidal coll normally divergent. i. A. margarum. Kxpanse of wings eleven millimeters or more ; first discoidal cell not very divergent. 5. A. dalli. Fore wings less than three millimeters long 6. A. emaciata. 1. Aphidop.sis SUBTERNA. Head and thorax testaceous, slightly mottled with pallid. Antenna; as long as the fore wings. Wings slightly less than three times as long as broad, the postcostal moderately light, rurming uninterruptedly into the very slender elongated stigma. First transverse vein very slender, nearly 262 TKIITIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMKUICA. straight, but Hli;r]itly arcuate, parting from tin* poHtcostnl at nn aiiglo of at least fifty degrees ; second obli(|uo vein hardly heavictr, very feebly arcuate, and parting from the postcctstal at an angh' of forty-fivo degrees ; it is moderately distant at bane from tlu* first oltli(|ii(' vein, so tliat the lirst (li?»- coidal cell between them is only about four times broader on the hind mar- gin than at the base. Cubital vein arising half as far again from the second oblique as it from tlie first oblitpie viin and only al)out one-third way from the latter to the stignuitie vein ; it forks about on»}-third way to the hind margin, and its first fork is completely parallel to and sumnwhat distant from the second obli(pie vein; near its second fork it approaches twice as near the stigmatic vein as the second obli(pie vein. Sligmatic vein nol leach- ing far into the wing, arising from a (piartcr to a third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the cubital vein, so tliat the stigmatic cell is slender and about two-fifths the length of the wing. I'Y'inora ])ale, tibia* and tarsi dark. Abdomen plump oval, of a pale ( r, mottled with large, roundish, dark spots arranged in mediodorsiil jind lateral rows on the posterior portion of the segments ; there are faint indications of a slender, slight, and rather short cauda, and distinct marks of cornicles in conical hillocks at the extreme outer sides of the here aiigulated abdomen. Length of body, 3.75"""; .intiMuia-, ")"'"': tore wings, h""" \ fore fen lorn. 1.3"""; fore tibia' and tarsi, 2.r»""" ; middle fenu.ia, 1.1"'"'; middle tibia- and tarsi, 2.4"'"' ; hind femora, 2 ""' ; hind tibia- and tarsi. 3.3'""'. Flori.ssant. Six specimens, Nos, 21!t, 7K>, l.'ittT, -Jl.',!, 7420, SSSG. 2. Ai'MIDDPSIS nAKiiKlM. The single specimen which represents this species is pr(-.served upon n side view, with the wings somewhat crumpled. Knough, liowever, can be seen to distingui.sh it from the jjreceding species in that the cubital vein runs at the ordinary distance from the stigmatic. tlioiigh still distant from the second obli(;uo vein, and though the stigmatic vein descends as """; wiiij^H (partly (wtimiitiwh. 1.75"""; foro legs, 4.1"'"'; t'oiuur, 1.4')"""; tibiii, 2:2')"""; tiir«UH, 0.4'"'"; inid.lU' Ioj^h, iM""" ; femur, 1.75"""; tibia, 2.1"""; tiir.-*UH, 0.4"""; hind loji^H, (J T)"'"' ; femur, 2'"'"; tibia, 4""" ; far«UH, 0.6'"'". To tlic iiKMiiory of tho t'aithful paleontologist, Dr. Oscar Harger, of New Haven. Florissant. Onespecimon, No. 11360. 8. Aphiuophis lutabia. Head and thorax rather darker than the abdoin( n, tho femora rather lighter than the tibiiu. Antonuiii a little louyor than tho for© wings. Wiujis fidly three times longer than broad, tho postcostal vein stout and running with searcely any diminution of size into tho long and very slender stigma. Fir.Ht oblicjiio vein strai;j;ht or scarcely arcuate, parting from the posteo.stal at an angle of lifty degrees ; second oblique vein regularly arcuate, parting from tho postcostal vein at an angle of forty-fivo degrees, and moderately distant from tho first oblicpio at base, so that tho first discoidal cell between them is about three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. The cubital vein is appiirently about as far from the second obli(|ue veiri as it from tho first obli(jUo, first forks at about one-third way to the hind margin, and has throughdut a gently arcuate curve by which it ap|)roaches pretty close to tho stignjatic vein. This arises far back in the stigma, almost reaching the first cubital fork, is gently arcuate and has a very longitudinal course, so that tho stigmatic cell is both slender and very long, not much less than half as long as tho wing. Legs very slender indeed, the fore psiir nearly as long as the wings and longer than tho middle pair, the hind tibia- and tarsi longer than the body. Length of body, S.o-.'J.S"'"' ; antennas .O.?;")'"'" ; fore wings, 5.25""" ; fore legs, 4.8"""; femur, 1.8"'"' ; tibia, 2.6'""' ; tarsus, 0.4""" ; middle logs, 4.25""* ; femur, 1.6"'" ; tibia, 2.25""'"; tarsus, 0.4'"'"; hind legs, 6.6'"'"; femur, 2.6"'"; tibia and tai'sus, 4'""'. Florlssiiiit. Three specimens, Nos. 7433, 8773, and fr*^ the Princeton Collection, 1.834. i I ' I 264 TKKTIAKY INHKiri'M OK NOUTIl AMKHICA. ■I. Al'lilDOI-HIS MAIUUKUM. \'\. IS. Fitf. S. Tliirt rtiiiull and hIcmuIci' rtpi'cios is vory dark, alimiHt lilitck nx preHorvod, nnd pn^tty uniform. Tin; aiitounii' so tar an pruscrvud aro cx»'t'H«ivoly rtleiulor and rather shorter than tlie wlnjjfs, NV^in^rs about throe times as long as broad, the [lostcostal vein heavy, uniform, and straij^iit, mergiii;;' into the stigma, which is twice as broad, l)Ut very Kmy and sh'ixh'rly fusi- foruj The first oi)li(pie vein is perfectly straight and j»arts from the post- costal at an angle of fidly sevonty-fivo degrees; the second ol)li((ue vein, also perfectly straigiit and ratiier distant from the first, parts from the post- costal at an angle of forty-live degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base, t 'ubital vein very stiff and angidar, it and both its branches being rigidly straight; at each finration it is bent, forking first at ratlier more than a third wa\ to tli(* hind margin and again alxMit half-way to the apex of the wing, not nppntaching closely to the stiy:mati('. vein; tho vein originates at more than half-way from tho first oblicpio vein to tho stigmatlc. The stigmatic vein arises fur back, about midway between tho forks of the cubital, and is vory longitudinal, so that the stigniatic coll is narrow, and exceeds ii third tho length of the wing. Legs verv slender. Length nf i),Kly, 21)- antcniia', .'i.4" win-rs, ;j.75-4" mi( Idh log L'S. •211 rh»rissant. Three specimens. N«»s. [yAHi), 121!M). \-2(>h: 5. Ariimopsis halli. The head and th(»ra\ darkei' than tiie tolerably uniform alxlomen. Antenna' at least half as long again as the l>ody. Wings apparently about throe times as long a.s broad, the postcostal slender, tho stigma pretty largo and very long. First obliipio vein straight, or nearly straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about lifty-fivo degrees ; second obli4ue rather distant from it. parting at an angle of fort3'five degrees, and likewise nearly straight, so that the fir.st di.scoidal cell between theni is little more than twice as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising more than twice as far from tho second oblirpio vein as that from the first, and about midway between the latter and tiio stigmatic vein, first forking when hardly lIKMirrKltA— IIOMOl'TKKA— AI'HIDKS. 2B5 loNH timti half-wiiy to tlit* hind miir);iii, bunt at t\w tiiKt furcation, und jmrtmnjf oxcoodin^ly cIoho to tlio Htif(iniiti(; vein, th« iipiKfi' hranch of tlio final fork in diruct contiiiiiution of tliu main ntviu. Sti^;niatic. vuin ariHinitiidiinil, so tiiat the stij^fniatic cell is ratlier slender and very Ion;,', fidly two-fifths the len;;th of the \vinj(. I^e^^s slender, the femora tol- erably stitut, the fori! and nnddle le^s of e<[nal length in all parts. I-ongth of body, ;J.6""" ; antenme, f!.5""|' ; winjfs, 6""" ; fore leg«, .'1.9"""; femora, 14' ; tibijo and tarsi, 2.')"""; niichlle lejfs, .'{.!»"'"' ; femora, 1.4""'; tibia- and tarsi, 2.5""" ; hind le;,'H, T).]""" ; femora, 2.25""" ; tlbiiu and tarsi, 2.S,5""". An<»tiier Hi>(!cimen had a l)ody 4. 75""" lon<(, with winjfs nearly «i.5""" and hind femora 2.5 lon^'. In honor of Mr. William llealy l>all, the malacolojfiHt, well known also for his studies of fossil invertebrates. FlorisHant. Two Bpecimons, Mos. !)l.'i5, and from the Princeton Collec- tion l.lOitl. G. Al'MiUOFSlS KM.VCIATA. This diminutive species is represented by a single spocinien with spread wings, without antennm or legs. It lias an expanse of only six mil- limeters or less. The head and thorax are uniforndy dark, the abdomen uniformly light colored. The wings are as long as the body and mure than three times as long as broad. The po.stco.stal vein is broad, but not darkly jjigmented, as usual, and the; stigma large and distinct. First oblique vein straight, parting from the postcsostal at an angle of about seventy-fiv(f degrees; the second oblicpie also straight, parting at an angle of about forty-five degrees, but though the wing is slender, the discoidal cell, narrow at base, is several times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein arising about midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, and twice as far from the .second obli(pie vein as this from the first; it first forks at some distance from the base, and is strongly arcuate, approach- ing much nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising very far back, almost to the first furcation of the cubital vein, and, reaching down far into the wing at the start, it gives a very large stigmatic cell, almost half as long as the wing. Length of body, 2.5""" ; fore wings, 2.5""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 6405. It comes from the uppermost layers. 11 i 26G TKRTIAKV INSKOTS OV NOUTM AMKKlCA. Aphidopsis sp. PI, 18, Fip. 11. A single sp cinien and its reverse is the only instance of an immature plant-louse among the numerous remains of this family at Floris:jant. This is excellently pr"served, and agrees so well in the structure of the anteiiUsc and legs and in the form of the abd.'men with the species of Aphidopsis, a prevailing type among the Florissant forms, tliat [ ventun^to place it here; the more so as in the markings of the al)(k*men, well repi'esented on the jdate, it bears a striking resemblance to A. subterna, the most i'ounnon sjiecits of Aphidopsis. Short conical markings on the outer sides of the fifth visible abdominal segment evidently mark the position of former cornicles. Length of body, 4"""; antenna-, 4"""; fore legs, 3.7"""; fenuu-, 1.6"""; tibia and tarsus, IM"""; middle legs, 4"'"'; fenuir, 1. .'{""" ; tibia and tar.sus, 2.7""": himl leg.s, 3.5 .'""" : fenuu-, 1.25?"""; tibia and tarsus, 2.25'""'. Florissant. One s|)ecim<'n, Nos. 1044 and 4271. 10. Oin'(;TAl*niS gen. nov. (ripjvrro?, Apiiis). Fore winjrs with the stigmatic vein arising from the nuddle of the exceed- ingly long ami fusiform but moderately broad stigma. Cubital vein (by analogy with the others) twice tVrked, the first tinu» very far from its origin (which is iicaily midway bctwiH'u the base of the first oblicpie and stigmatic veins) and ratlicr I)efore than behind the base of the stigmatic vein (the ]date is wrong in this respect), the second tim<^ uncertain, as theonly speci- mens are not well prescrvetl here. Second i»bli(pi<* vein arising many times nearer the first oblicpu' tlian the tubital vein, .so that the first discoulal cell narrow at base is several times wider on the hiiul margin. Legs moderately slender. .Mxlomen, as far as can be seen, relatively long and sleiuler. Tablf uf thr piiiiH of (hijilafhin. Oblique vein scarcely diver^rciit in \y,\sn\ liilf. at'ti'rnanl.'t (lisliiirlly ilivcrf;i'iit . .. . ()lilir|ii<' veins iiHiliviT^fcnt in liasal its i 1|M I. ". rccoiidita. il half .'i. O. lesuenrii. I. < >KVC'TAPniS KKCONDITA. PI. IS, Fig. 14. Head and thorax black, abdomen very light. Wings apparently rather ii'jre than three tinu's .is long as broad, the po.stcostal stout, and the stigma very elongated. First oblique vein straight and jiartingfrom the postcostal at an anifie of fortv-five degrees; so al.so does the second oljliciue vein, IIEM1I'TK!IA— HOMOPTliKA— Al'lJIDKS. 267 which arises in close prdximity atid scarcely divei'ges from the other in the iirst third of its course and tlioii bends outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell must lie three or four times hroader on the liind margin than at the base. Cubital vein arising four times as far from the second oblique vein as it is from the first, and yet not (juite half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein : it first forks only a little less than half-way to the hind margin, and no second furcation can be seen, as the wing is broken. The stigmatic vein arises opposite the first furcation of the cubital vein and curves well down into the wiiig, so that the stigmatic cell is large, but its relative length can noi '•" determined. Length of l)ody, fi.ft""" ; wing, 6.2;")""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 4475. 2. OincTAPUis L'„s('i.:ui{ii. Head and thorax black, abdomen ex eedingly j)ale. \Vings apparently about three times longer than broad, tin postcostal vein very heavy, angu- lated in the slightest jmssible manner i. 'xt the oblicjue veins, the stigma very long and slender. The first oblique ein- parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty-five degrees, and is faintly sinuate; the second, aris- ing close to it, is arcuate apicalh', but otherwise straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of foity-five degrees, so that the discoidal cell between them is about four times as broad along the hind border as at the base. Cubital vein indistinct at base, but aijparentl)- arising four times as far from the second obliijue vein as this from the first, and about nndway between the first oblicjue and the stigmatic vein ; it first forks at almost half-wi\y to the hind border, and in passing to that its first fork gradually apjH'oaciies the second obli(iue vein. The stigmatic vein apj)ear8 to arise about half-wiiy l'et-.\ een the tw*) furcations of the cul>ital vein, bui no more can be said of it from its imj)erfec(ion on both wings. The fore legs are very slender. Length of body, 4.5"""- wings, o.;')"'"' : fore femora, 1.1"""; fore tibia; and tarsi, 1.5""". In memory of the early American i)aleoutologist, Charles Alexandre lA'sueur. Florissant. One specimen, No. 9405. i if; 268 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKUIOA. 11. SYCHNOBROCHUS ge». nov. {avxvo?, /3p6xo?). ' The fore wiiij^s with the stigniatic vein iirising from the middle of the stigma and very longitudinal. Cubital vein at least once forked, far from basse, and opposite the base of the stigniatic vein, arising nearly midway between the first oblicjue and dtigmatic veins ; beyond it is too poorly pre- served in the only specimen known to be certain whether it forks again or not. Second oblique vein aiising four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, at an angle of less than forty-five degrees with the j)Ostcostal vein, the first oblicpie, which is nearly parallel to it, curving outward in the latter i)art of its course, so that the first discoidal cell between them is exces- sively long and arcuate. Abdon)en long and narrow, narrower than the thorax, twice as long as broad, and well rounded apically. SyCHNOBKOCHUS KEVIVIi^CENS. P!. 18, Fi{,'. (i. One ol' tiie very smallest of the Aphides, unfortunately showing of the appendages only one wing. The head and prothora.v are light colored, but darker than the iibdomen. which shows darker transverse bands on the pos- terior halves of the segments. The wings are only slightl)- longer than the body( the abdomen b." g longer than usual), perhaps slightly more tlian three times as long as broad, th<> slender postcostal vein parallel throughout with the costa, the interspace more or less clouded witli pigment, the stigma moderately brond and very long, reaching ncarlv or (piite to the extreme ti]) of the wing. The (»bli(|ue veins are both remarkably long and of nearly c(jual length, curving outward apically, and extending so far that even the first terminates well in the ♦" the wing; they ari.se close together, the first at an angle of scarcely metre, the second of scarcely less, than forty- five tU'grees with the po.stcostal. and are nearly parallel, the discoidal cell being therefore aniiiite and about tw<» or three times as broad on the hind margin as at tht l)ase. The cubital vein is faint aiul obscure, apparently arising at a little less than half-way from the tirst oli]i(jue to the stigniatic vein, and four or five times farther fnmi the second oblicpie than it from the first obli(juc vein ; its first forking eaii not be satisfiictorily determined, but it appears to be far from the base and a very little in advance of the stigmatic vein ; it has the same sweep as the obliijue veins. The stigniatic UEMIPTERA— IJOMOPTEKA— AIMliDBS. 269 vein arises tolembl}- eiiily, and is considerably arcuate at base, afterwards longitudinal, the stio-matic cell being' nearly or quite a third the length of the wing. Length of body, 2.;")""" ; fore wing, 2.7.")""". Florissant. One specimen. No. ;^ 14. SiibtUmily SCHIZONKURTN/'E Pusserini. 12. SCHl/ONKlIliOlDKS Muckton. Sehhoiieuroides Hiiokt., Moiiogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178 (ISSii.) Fore wings with the postcostal vein distant from the margin and curved in an opposite sense. Stigmatic vein arising very early, near the proximal end of the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Cubital vein once forked far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and at a long distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the outer half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second oblique vein arising twice as near the first as the cubital vein, but not very near the former, though somewhat nearer than repre- sented on the plate, diverging from it at a slight angle, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them is nearly or quite four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Abdomen long oval, no broader than the thorax, about twice as long as broad, and a little pointed apically. A single species is known. bCmZONEUROIDES SCUDDERI. PI. 18, Fig. 2, SchUoneuroidet ncudderi Biickt., Monogr. liiit. Apliidea, IV, 17r<, PI. i:t3, Fig. 5 (1883) ; Sciidd., Zittel, Hiiiidi). a. I'lilicont., I, II, 7.-0, Fi};. 988 (1885). The greater portion of a body with the wings of one side represents this small species. The body is mottled and barred with dark brown. The wing is i-epresentetl on the i)late with altogether too full a hind margin, for the wing is really more than three times as long as broad. The middle of the base of the first discoidal cell is midway between the base of the wing- and the stigmatic vein. T\w first oblique vein is straiglit, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second gently sinuate, at an I 270 TEUTlAltY INSECTS OF NOUTII AMERICA. angle of forty-five tlej^icts with the .saiiic ; the (Iiacoi(hil eell about four times as Itroad on the hind iiiiir<;iii mm at tlie ha.se. The cubital vein forks about at its middle and tlieii rather widolv. Length of l)ody, 1.8"""; of fore wino-, 4""". Florissant. One specimen, No. ."J 15. 13. Al\rALAN( '( )N f^en. nov. (ri/^tnAn?, nrxtvy). Plead considerably narrower than the thorax, tjuiidrate, with the fronr friaiifiularly and roundly produced to a considerable degree; no frontal tubercles. Antenna' about two-thirds as long as the body, tapering, the third joint relatively stout, about as long and at base fully as stout as the foro tibiiv, Hie first and second joiuts not one- half broader. Hostrum as long as the thorax, very slender. Fore wings very narrow, with the stiginatic vein arising very far back in the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is nearly half as long as the wing. Cubital vein oiu-e forked, far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and a long wa\- from its own origin, which is at some distance before the middle of the space between the first obli(pie and the stigmatic veins; second oblicpie vein arising somewhat nearer the first obMque than the .stigmatic vein, diverging from the former slightly, so tha the first discoidal cell between them is oid}' two or three times as broad on the hind margin as at the Inise. Tiic name is given with reference to the weakness of the cul)ital vein, which it shares with Anconatu.s. A single species is known. I Amalanco.s' ltitosus. ri. 18, Fi^. l.i. The dark head and tliorax of an insect are all that remain of the body with a [)art of the legs and nuist of one fore wing. The thickened post- costal vein is very slightly sinuous and bleiuls apically into the stigma. The first oblioKe vein is straight and at an angle of fifty degrees with the |)Ostcosfal ; i he second also straight and at an angle of forty-five degrees with the same, the first discoidal cell being t»vo or three times broader on the hind margin than at the base. I'he cubital vein, exceedingly weak, has i IlKMirXEHA— IIOMOPTKIt.V— AI'FUDES. 271 a courHc midway in tho sj»ii((; Ijohvoen the scconcl ohlicpK.' ami stigmatic veins, and forks aljoiil Iialf-way to the tip of tlie wiiiy. Tlio stijj;-matic' cell is long and slender. The wliole winjr is very nairow, l)nt its exart pro- ))ortions are uncertain ; i)rol)ably it is more rlian tin-ee times as long as V)road. Leni«tli of fore wing, 2.7.'')""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 340. 14. ANCONATIIS Huf forty-five degrees with the postcostal, though the first discoidal cell is apparently only a little more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. ('ul»ital vein arising scarcely before the miildle of tiio space lietween the firsf obli(pie and stigmatic veins and, running midway between tli«' sei t>nd obli(|Ue'and stigmatic veins, forking at some distance before the stigni;itic vein (in which the figure is not (piite correct) and at fibout the end of one-tiiird of its course. Stigmatic cell very slender, the stigmatic vein being only gently arcuate, and the cell nearly a third the length of the wing. Length of body, fi""" ; of fore wing, 8""". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3228, 4827, lUTV 2. An'CONATUS ni'CKTONI. The body is d^ep l)lack, with pale lilotches on the abdomen of one specimen, which may be only flaws in the carl)onaceou8 matter. Excepting the wings and fragments of legs, no appendages are preserved, unless it be one of the cornicles, a slender, e(pial, not very long, black .stem protiuding on one side at the place of the cornicle, and less than ont^-foiirth the width of the abdomen. The form of the wings can not be determined, but ai)par- ently they are very narrow. The postcostal vein and stigma are as in A. dorsuosus. The first o])li(pie \('in is straight, and diverges from the post- costal at an angle of fifty degrees: the .second, ((piaily straight, as far as it can be seen (not over one-half its cour.se), at an angle of forty degrees ; the stigmatic cell not wholiv determinate but perhnps wider at base tlmu in A. riEMU'TERA— IIOMOI'THUA-APIIIDES. 273 dorsuOHUs and oxceodinj^ly lon<^, hoin^ nearly lialf a^i lonH of tlio sovund olilii|nu and t;niatic veins more than half as distant a^aln as tho extreme brvadtli of tlie wing 'i. /'. nigrum. • What Hni'kten took for a rostrum of three joints is a broken part of tho right aiitf^nna. VOL XIII 18 274 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTn AMERICA. 1. PtEROSTIOMA RECURVtJM. PI. 18, FiR, 18. Plerontigma reeurvim Buckt., Monogr. Urit. ApliidcH, IV, 178, PI. 13;), Fig. C (1885). A sinf»'le specimen with expanded wings lies ontangled with ii species of Aphidina' (Te|)hiaphis walshii). The basal joints of the antenna; are preserved, and show the characteristics mentioned nnder the genus. The fore wings are nearly tiiree times as long as broad, with scarcely any fidhiess along the hind margin, being exceptionally synnnetrical. The thiclvened postcostal vein is ahiiost straight, with tlie slightest possilde curve from tiie margin, and in the middle of the wing blends into the exceedingly long, slender, and arcnate stigma, which curves around the tip of the wing nearly to the middle line : the costal margin is consideral)ly arcuate at base and distant from the postcostal vein. Tiie obli(pie veins as far as preserved are nearly straight and consideral)lj' divergent, l)iit the second is only preserved in its basal half or tliird ; it diverges from tiie postcostal al)out forty degrees, the first as much as fifty degrees. The cubital vein is very faint tliroiigliout, but arises al)Oiit six times as far from the second oblique as that from tlie first, and at only a short distance less tlian half-way from the fir.st oblicpie to the stigmatic vel'i ; it has a very longitudinal course and forks narrowl}', well liefore the base of the stigmatic vein and at from one-fourtli to one-third the distance from its origin to the extremity of its lower brancli. The stigmatic vein parts gently from the stigma and for most of its course is slraighf, tlie stigmatic cell being narrow, broadest apically, and nearly two-fifths as long m (lie wllig. The ojieiiness of the fiist dis- coidal cell apically can not be determined, but seems to have been three or four times as bruad here as at liase. Tlie abdomen seems to be oval, scarcely broader than the thorax, and shows no signs of cauda or cornicles. Length of body, 4.2.")""" ; of fore wing, 5.75'""'. No jiart of the wing is displaced by pressure, as suggested as possibly the case by Biicktou; on the contrary it is I'xceptionally undisturbed; but as ilrawn on the jilate the extreme ba.se of the stigmatic vein is not given (and is in reality very faint and only visible in certain lights), while iha apparent short vein close to its basn is foreign to the wing. The obscure cubital VI in was overlooked when the drawing was made. Flori.s.sant One specimen, No. !SU8.j. IIKMII'TEKA-UOMOrTHKA— l'8VLLll)yE. 275 ' 2. Ptekostigma nigrum. Only tlio body, somewhat distorted, niid one foro wing nro preserved, which do not permit so complete u description as of the precedinjj species. The wing appears to be about th oo times as hmg as broad, and with the same symmetrical form seen in the preceding species. The po.stcostal vein is thick and straight, blending into the considerably thickened stigma. The obli(pie veins are each very gently arcuate with the opening toward the stigma, uiuisufilly oblicpie and little divergent, the general course of the first being scarcely more than forty-five degrees with the postcostal, that of the second not above forty degrees ; the second is more sinuous and terminates fully as far out as opposite the ba.se of the stigmatic vein, the finst opposite the base of the cubital, so that the cell is at least four times as wide on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein is very faint, especially toward the base, but arises four or five times as far from the second ol)li(pie as the latter from the first oblique vein, and scarcely less than lialf-way from the first obli(pie to the stigmatic vein ; it has an exceed- ingly longitudinal course and forks very narrowly far before the base of the stigmatic vein, but just how far the single specimen does not permit deciding. The stigmatic vein parts rather rapidly from the stigma and is strongly arcuate at base, l)Ut the form of the stigmatic cell can not Ix; made out. Tile bod}' is very black and uniform thi'oughout, the abdomen short ovate, and well rounded, with no sign of cauda or cornicles. Length of body, .'i.f)'""' ; .f wings, h""". Florissant. One Hpccimen, No, liOIIO, Family PSYLL1D>E Lntreille. This little family of leaf fleas, closely allied to the Aphides, but always winged at maturity and showing some curious resemblances in neuration to th(i Psocida' among Neuroptera, seems to be best represented, like the Aphides, in temperate regions, riitlierfo it has not been found fossil, but the shales of Florissant have now yielded remains of two species belonging to two ditferent groups and repre.-senting extinct genera allied to Ps3lla, Pachypsylla, and ?\vllopsis. Tabh of the genera of PtyUidcr. Stem of llio ciiliifal vein licftire its folk an IcmijaH the Hteiii of tiie HubroHtal vein 1. Xccropni/Jhi. Siein ofthocul)it.al vein beforo its fork (li.stiiictly sfi'/rtor thau tliatof the subcostal veiii-.S. Catopsyllu. 276 TKRTIAUY INHKOTS OFNOllTII AMERICA. 1. NECUOrSYLLA gon. nov. {venpt?, Psylla). This niinic '\a proposed for ii species belonglnjf to the siiltfaiiiilv Aplm- liii-iiiir, wliieh allows a eloso resomblanco to Psyllopsis. As there, the wiiifif is luenihnuious. The iiotiohis cubiti is of the huiih* hjiifjth as tlio discoidal part «'r the siibcosta, and tlie jjeneral rehitioii of the principal nervures is the same ; it isoidy in minor details that it differs liere, such as the excep- tional len<,'th of the uj)p('r hraiich of the siibcosta luid the transverse course of the lowest branch of the cubital. Ihit the most strikinj' difl'creiico is in the form of the w'lug, which in I'syllopsis is pretty regularly obovate, the M'idest part of the winji^ in the middle, the apex well rounded. In Nocro- psylla, on the other hand, it is subtrian<^ular, the broadest part just before the apex, which is very broadly roujided ; both upper and lower margins are nearly straight. Little is jiroserved besides the wings. When first noticed it was thought to belong to the I'socidat, near Pso- quilla and Spha'ropsocus, and was accordingly figured among the Neurop- tera. A single species is known. NeCROPSYLLA RIO IDA. PI. 12, Figs. 11, 21. Head broad, fully twice as broad as long, rounded, the nasus strongly pronounced, orbiculai-, very large. Whole body stout, the prothorax appar- ently at least three times as broad as long, the abdomen tapering a little only, and furnished at the tip with a short, slender, conical, bluntly tipped style. Wings two and n half times longer than broad, wedge-.shaped, being hirgest near the tip and narrowing pretty regularly toward the base, though more rapidly on the basal third than beyond, the costal margin arched, the tip very fully rounded, the inner margin j)erfectly straight. A principal vein runs through the middle of the wing ; at the end of the fir.st third it divides into two forked Ktems, the cubital and subcostal, each of them forked for the first time opposite each other at about the middle of the wing; the subcostal forks only this time, its upper offshoot curving at once up toward and then following clo.se to the costal margin, where it descends into the apical margin ; the cu))ital runs in a straight course midway between the former and the veins below. The lower branch, on dividing. OEMIPTKUA— nOMOPTKUA— PSYIiLID.K. 277 sends one offshoot along tho midllo of tho wing, which forks at ;' little moro than half-way to tho tip, the forks curvinjr a little downward ; the other offsho(»t parts widely from the upper, but when it nears tho juirt niargiti, at a little beyond the middle of tho wing, it is connoctod by a cross- vein with the margin, while it itself passes with ;i strong curve to the apical mar- gin just beyond tho limits of the straigitt i, lor margin. Besides those veins there are two others, which re obscure and may t)riginato independently or from this central vein near the base: tho upper strikes the upper margin a little before the middle of tiie wing .md runs parallel to the upper offshoot of the priiu'ipal vein ; the other, the anal vein, which is more uncertain, Htrikes the inner margin a little nearer the bR«o, reaching it with a similar but reverse obliciuity. Length of body, S'"" ; breadth, 0.75""" ; length of wing, 2°"" ; breadth, 0.78""°. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 310, 34!), 7598, 12017. 2. CAI'OPSYLLA gen. nov. («ara;, Psylla). Belongs to the subfamil}' Psyllinic, in which the petiole of tho cubital vein is distinctly shorter than the discoidal portion of the subcostal. It is most nearly related to I'sylla irself, and indeed differs from it only in the excessivi' Iftigth of the cubital ccjlls, which are more than a third the length of tiir wing, and besides are of very simple and similar structure, in wiiich respect it, agrees better with Pacliyiwylla, recently described by liiley, though the cells are not so long as there ai\d the two sides of tho wing are more synnnetrical in form, the apex of the wing falling exactly in the mid- dle line ; the upper cul)ital branch falls barely lielow the middle of the apex of the wing. Tlie wing was pretty evidently niembranou.s, and its broadest portion is in the middle of the outer half, before which it decreases regularly and gently in size, both front and hind margins being nearly straight. A single species is known. Catopsylla prima. Wings fully twice as long as broad, largest in the strongly rounded apical half, decreasing regularly in size toward the base. Lower fork of subcostal vein forming with its stem a nsgular, very gently arcuate curve and terminating considerably above the apex of the wing, its upper branch .>!i^^< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // .'C' ^%^ .^ii. i. M/.. % F 1.0 I.I l^|28 12.5 |5o '^^^ MSB u Ii2 12.2 S 64 *■ 2.0 1.8 L25 iU iii.6 m "m ^i- Photographic Sciences Corpuration n WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 . 278 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. diverging from it angularly '.oward the costal margin just before the end of the j)roximal tliird of the wi.ig, and just before reaching the margin bend- ing abruptly outward parallel to the lower branch, not really reaching the margin until toward the aj)ex of the wing. In the cubital vein the lowermost fork makes a continuous, regular and rather strongly arcuate curve with the discoidal portion, striking the margin just before the middle of the wing ; the upper brancli of the lower fork parts from this just about opposite the forking of the subcostal, while the upper fork, not so wide as the lower, arises at three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing, making the inclosed cell of unusual length for Psyllida; ; the upper branch of this fork falls scarcely below the apex of the wing, and the tips of the cubital forks fall at subequidistant intervals along tlie margin, the lower cell the wider. Length of body, .S"™ ; wing, 2.5""" ; breadth of latter, 1.2'"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 6712. Family FULGORINA Burmeister. This family is fairly well represented in Tertiary deposits and by a consideralde variety of forms, all the subfamilies being represented except the Tropiduchida, Derbida, and Lophopida; and, what is curious, each of the subfamilies is represented both in European and American strata, excepting only the Issida, confined to P^urope, and the Achilida, found only in Amer- ica, each by a single species, tlie one in Radoboj, the other at Florissant. In Europe the Fulgorina are represented by Poiocera in amber, the Uictyo- pliarida by Pseudophana l)oth in amber and at Oeningen, the Cixiida by Cixius in amber, the Delphacida by Asiraca at Aix, the Ilicaniida by Rica- nia in amber, and the Flatida by Flata, also in amber. The only one of these genera recognized in America is Cixiiis, and that doubtfully ; but these subfamilies are far better rej)resented, and in some instances by new and peculiar types. Thus of Fulgorida we have Nyctophyl.ix, Aphana, Lystra, and Fulg<»ra, all with more than one species, from various locali- ties ; of Dictyopluirida, a Dictyopliara from Florissant ; of Cixiida, not only Cixius but Oliarus, Diaplegnia, Oliarites, and Florissantia, all but the first peculiar types and Diaplogma with no less than seven species— all these from Green liiver and Florissant ; of Delphacida, Uelphax, and Planophlebia, the latter a remarkable oxtinct type from liritish Columbia ; of Ilicaniida HEMIPTEBA— HOMOPTEltA— PULGOKINA. 279 Hammapteryx, a new genua from Green River ; and of Flatida, two species of Lithopsis and one of Ficarasites, both new types and from Green River. America is therefore far richer than Europe both in the number and diver- sity of its fulgorine fauna, but especial'y in the latter. About half the European species have been referred to Cixius alone, and, as we have seen, Diaplegrac, a genus of Cixiida, is the most abundant American type. Subfiimily FULOORIDA StSl. This group, whicli includes among its members the lantern-fly and other light-giving, or presumably light-giving, insects, has heretofore been found fossil only in amber, three species of Poeocera having been described therein. Now, however, we are able to add from the American rocks a con- siderable number and variety of forms, referred to four different genera, one of them, Nyctophylax, extinct and composed of large species with recurved snout. NYCTOPHYLAX gen. nov. (yvKTocpv\af,). Large bodied insects, nearly allied to Enchophora. The head pre- sented a recurved process of subeqiial diameter (as seen from the side) and tolerably stout, exceeding a little the diameter of the head ; it was directoi upward and a little backward, not reaciiing the posterior margin of the head, very bluntly pointed, laterally carinate. Legs short and moderately stout, the hind femora not surpassing the middle of the abdomen, both femora and tibiaj apparently carinate or tetraquetral throughout. Tegmina considerably surpassing the abdomen, densely reticulate in the apical fourth only. Type, N. uhleri. Table of the species of Ni/ctophylax, Larger species (tegmina tweuty luilliineturs iu length). Extreme tip of the recurved process of the head separated from tlie smiimit of the head by nearly twice its own greatest diameter. . 1. N. uhleri. Smaller species (teginiua tiftaen railliuieters iu length). Extreme tip of the recurved process of tho head separated from tho summitof the head by not more than its own greatest diameter. .2. N. iHgil. 1. Nyctophylax uhlerl PI. 19, Viff. 11. This is one of the largest of the Homoptera known in a fossil state, and from the development of the frontal process was not improbably a noctilu- cous insect. It is preserved on a side view; the fracture of the stone has removed a portion of the front, but has fortunately left intact the posterior 280 TEUTIAUY liVaBirrS OF NOKTU AMBRIUA. connection of the process to the vertex, by which it is seen to be here abruptly bent backward, but at the same time upward, so as to leave an ang'ulate opening between it and the head. The head is streaked with pale, relieved by dark along the incisiu'es, and the process is longitudinally marked in the same way, the carinjc being dark. The tegmina are broad, expand- ing triangularly, roundly angulate at the apex, which is in the middle of the upper half, and surpass the abdomen by about one-fifth their length ; they are dark 1)ut mottled with lighter colors, and in the apical reticulate portion the nervules and cross-veins are heavily marked with white, breaking this part of the wing up into pretty regular, rectangular and longitudinal, fulig- inous cells of very equal breadth, bat varying in length from one to three times their breadth. The legs are dark, marked longitudinally with paler colors, and the dark abdomen is much paler in broad bands at the incisures. Length of body, 20 ? '"'" ; height of thorax, 7"°' ; length of process beyond the head, 3""' ; breadth of same, l™" ; length of tegmina, 20""° ; their breadth, 8"""; length of fore femora, 4""°; fore tibiae, 5°"°; hind femora, 5 5""" ; hind tibia?, 7"""'. This striking insect^ the possible light bearer of the ancient Florissant nights, is named for my friend Mr. P. R. Uhler, who h.os done more than any one else to illumine the path of the student of Hemiptera in our country. Florissant. One specimen, No. 11771. 2. Nyctophylax vigil. PI. 19, Fig. 8. Tliis species seems to differ from the preceding, so far as can be seen, only in its smaller size and the sliorter and more abruptly recurved process of the head, the apex of which only reaches a point opposite the middle of the eye, and is removed from the summit of the head by scarcely its own greatest width. Unfortunately this part was not exposed on the stone when it was drawn, and the front of the specimen, which is preserved in nearly the same position as in that of N uhle 5, is broken to silmost precisely the same extent as tliere. Tlie markings aro throughout the same, excepting that the pale bands at the incisures of the abdomen appear to be narrower. Length of body, ir»"""; hei^lit of tliorax, 4.5'""'; length of process beyond tiie head, 1 2""" ; breadth of same, 0.9'"'° ; length of tegmina, 14.75""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 12088. HEMIPTEKA— UOMOFrEBA— FULGOBINA. 281 APHANA Burmeister. To this genus are provisionally referred a couple of species which belong in tliis neighborhood, but probably not together. No other extinct species have been reierred to this group, which is essentially subtropical. Aphana atava. PI. 6, Figs. 96, 97. Aplutna atata Soadd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., Ill, 769-760 (1877). A single finely preserved specimen, giving the upper surface of the body, the displaced tegmina of one side, and a part of the middle leg of tho opposite side, is referred provisionally to Aphana. It plainly belongs to the true Fulgorina, and seems to agree better with Aphana than vvrith any other genus concerning which information is at hand, but it is much smaller than the species of Aphana (as it is larger than those of Pceocera), and differs from it in the structure of the head and the brevity of the tegmina. The head is small, being scarcely more than one-third the width of the body, the eyes not prominent, the front scarcely angulated, and the vertex of about equal length and breadth ; it is marked above with two longitudi- nal blackish stripes, and the thorax with a median, and, on either side, a broad, lateral, black stripe, all of them bordered by paler parts and the median marked with a median pale line. The front of the thorax is strongly and regularly convex, and the posterior border of the mesonotum is rect- angular. The tegmina are about tliree times as long as broad, with nearly parallel borders, the tip roundly pointed ; the apical fifth is filled with fine, closely parallel, longitudinal veinlets, extending from the tip of the radial vein to the inner border, forming an area of equal width throughout. The radial vein is parallel to the costa throughout. The ulnar veins originate almost exactly as in Acraepliia, but the upper one does not fork before the middle of the wing, when it sends downward a single shoot, while the lower forks almost immediately, and again emits a vein beyond the middle of the wing. The wing itself is apparently diaphanous, but is mottled lightly with faint fuliginous along the costal border, and more heavily, but irregularly, with dark fuscous on the basal half of the wing, especially next the extreme base, and in a rather broad and straight but irregularly margined and oblique baud, crossing tiie wing from just below the sutural angle equally 282 TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMBHICA. backward and outward. Middle leg moderately stout ; femur and tibia of e(]ual width, straight, apparently with sharp edges. Abdomen full, rounded, broad, the extremity broadly rounded ; it is dusky, especially beyond the base, the neighborhood of the spiracles darker, the fifth to the seventh seg- ments with a modio-dorsal (or medio- ventral?) raised line marked in black. Length of body, d.5""" ; breadth of head, 1.8""" ; of abdomen, f)""" ; length of tegmina, 10"™; width of same, 3.5'""; length of femora (some- what doubtful), 2"'"'. Ciiagrln Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton. ApIIANA ROTUNDIPENN18. PI. 6, Fig. 27. Aphana totHitdtpenHit Sciidd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Geogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, 772 (1878). This name is proposed for a couple of wings which seem by their obscure venation to belong in tlie same group as the last. They differ, how- ever, in Iiaving a strongly bowed costa, which is curved more apically than near the base, and continues very regularly the curve of the well-rounded apex ; the commissural border is perfectly straight ; the principal veins fork near the b.ase, so that there are a number of longitudinal veins a short dis- tance therefrom ; no transverse veins are uiscernible, nor oblique veins at the costal margin, but the longitudinal veins all fork at a similar distance from the apex, so that the apical fifth of the wing is filled with still more numerous longitudinal veins ; the tegmina are broadest just beyond the middle. Length of tegmina, 6.7.5""" ; breadth of same, S""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. IT.'i (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4187 (S. H. Scudder). LYSTRA Fabricius. The specimens that are i»laced liere are very obscure and imperfect, and when better ones are ob'iiined the species will very probably have to be removed elsewhere, and perliaps even to another subfamily ; but what can be made out reminds one of this group as well as of any other, and they are therefore placed here provisionally, though it is plain that they do not belong together. No fossil species besides these have been recorded. Table of Ihe ipecita of Lystra. Lateral sulci of mesonotiini parallel 1. L. richard*mi. Lateral Hiilci of nicsonotiim posteriorly convurgout 'i. L. leti. HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTBRA— PULGORINA. 283 1. LySTRaI RICIIARD80NI. PI. 6, Figs. 24, 30, 31 ; PI. 7, Figs. 1, 3. lyttrat richardtoni Hciidd., :inh. U. S. Qool. Oeogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 772 (1878). I have before nie a number of specimens of a large fulgorid, appar- ently belonging near Lystra and Poeocera, but which have been preserved only in a fragmentary condition. Enough, however, remains to show several features : the vertex between the eyes is half as broad again as the eyes, and at least as long as broad, projecting beyond the eyes by more than the diameter of the latter and well rounded. The scutellum is large, fully as long as broad. The longitudinal veins of the tegmina are rather infrequent, forking rarely, and even toward the apex seldom connected by cross-veins ; apparently all the principal veins branch at about the same points, viz, near the middle of the basal and of the apical hsilf ; the tegmina somewhat surpass the abdomen. The body is broadest at the second or third abdominal segment, and tapers rapidly to a point, the segments being equal in length. Length of body, 16"""; probable lengUi of tegmina, 15.5°""; breadth of abdomen, 5.5""". Named for one of the earliest collectors of Green River fossil insects, Mr. F. C. A. Richardson. Green River, Wyoming. Eleven specimens, Nos. G7, 119 (F. C. A. Richardson), 40, 41, 109 (L, A. Lee), 121, 123 (A. S. Packard), 407(5, 4207 and 4208, 4212, 4217 (S. IL Scudder). 2. Lystra? leei. PI. 7, Fig. 2. A species is indicated of about the same size and general form as L. richardsoni, preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the greater part of at least one of the diaphanous tegmina and the thorax, but not the head nor other appendages. The mesonotum was broad and well rounded in front, contracted behind, nearly twice as broad as long, with the interior third of each lateral half separated by a straight oblique sulcus from the parts with- out, as deep as the median sulcus, and apically curving abruptly inward to it; scutellum moderately large, truncate basally, triangular and almost equiangular, the apex produced finely to a point, the sides sliglitly concave. 284 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Tegmina somewhat surpassing the abdomen, the longitudinal veins in general much as in L. richardsoni. Abdomen much as there. Length of fragment, 11. S"""; probable length of body, 10"""; length of tegmina, 10.25"""; breadth of abdomen, 6.25""'. Named for Prof Leslie A. Lee, of Bowdoin College, a diligent collector of Green River fossil insects. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 119, Dr. A. S. Packard. FULGORA Linnd. The species placed here are so referred only because, appearing to belong to the subfamily of which this is a typical member, they can not be more definitely placed. No other fossil insects have been referred to this place. FULGORA GRANULOSA. PI. 0, Fig. 35. Fulgora granvloia Scwld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771-772 (1878). A single specimen and its revertio show only the thorax and abdomen of an insect belonging to th« subfamily of Fulgorida, but of which little more can be said. The thorax is largo, globose, and black ; the scutellum is about half as large as the thorax, longer than broad, and rounded at the apex ; the abdoiiicn tupera gently, its apex about half as broad as its base, and is provided with a pair of overlapping, black, roundish, oval plates, giving the appearance of an additional segment, T!ie surface of the thorax and abdomen is thickly and uniformly granulate with circular, dark-edged elevations, averaging 0.04""" in diameter; the scutellum lacks this nitarking, excepting at the edges, which are more minutely and profusely granulate. Lengtli of body, H-.V"'"; of thorax, 2.7.'')'"™; of scutellum, 1.4""; of appendages,!"""; breadtli of thorax, 2..')"'"' ; of scutellum, 1.2.5"" ; of second segment of abdomen, 2.2"'". Green liiver, Wyoming. One 8])ecimen, Nos. 49 and 131 (F. C. A. Richardson). FULGORA POPULATA. PI. 7, PiiJ. 1«. The dorsal view of a headless insect with overlapping wings but no other appendages. The mesonotuuj is transverse, alsout three times as broad as long, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly broadly rounded so as to be HBMIPXEUA— UOMOPTEUA— FULUOUINA. 285 only one-fourth as long on the sides as in the middle, the surface smooth or microscopically scabrouK, with exceedingly scattered, pale, circular spots or pustules about O.Oli""" ii\ diameter. Scutellum large, nearly as broad as the mesonotum, and almost three-fourths as long as broad, the sides sligittly concave, the apex produced and pointed, the surface similar to that of the pronotum but with fewer pustules. 13ase of the togmina and particularly of the clavus apparently very finely granulate, the neuration obscurely preserved, the tegmina apparently just reaching the tip of tlie abdomen. Length of fragment, 7""" ; of mesonotum, 0.6'"'" ; breadth of same, 1.7""" ; of abdomen, 2.S'"'". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. Ill, Dr. A. S. Packard. FULGOKA OBTICE8CEN8. PI. 19, Fig. 1. A small specimen appearing to belong in this subfamily, though cer- tainly not in Fulgora, in wliicli it is placed only in its ancient broad sense. A dorsal view is presented, showing little besides the body and some of the veins of the tegmina, which reached to the extremity of the abdomen. The head was half as broad as the thorax. The thorax was large and rounded subquadrate, the scut .Hum also large and rather bluntly angled posteriorly, the abdomen lighter colored than the rest of the body and conico-fusiform with broad, pale incisures. The fore legs were slender and linear, and the longitudinal veins of the diaphanous tegmina rather distant with scanty cross-veins. Length of body, 4°°'" ; greatest breadth, 1.25"°. Florissant. One specimen. No. 12069. Subfamily DICTYOPHARIDA St&l. A considerable group of mostly tropical forms, of which the only known fossil species are those mentioned below. DICTYOPHARA Gormar. Two species of Pseudopliana Burmeister, regarded by Stal as the same as this genus, have been described from the European Tertiaries, one from immature specimens in amber, the other a winged insect from Oeningen. The species added below is placed in this genus as typical of Dictyopha- r,ii 286 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. rida, to wliich tho insect appears to belong. The genus is now confined to warm countries, hut is found in both worlds. Heer compares tho Oeningen fossil to a species found living in Georgia. DiCTYOPHABA BOUVEI. n. 21, Fig. 10. A pair of specimens, lioth seen upon a side view, whicli appear to belong together. Head not protuberant in front of the eyes, well rounded. Kosti um reaching to the base of the posterior legs ; it is poorly represented oi) the plate in a too curved line. Dorsum of thorax well arclied. Legs moderately long and of medium stoutness. Tegmina four times as long as broad, surpassing a little the length of tho body, rather slender and sub- t'lpial, the apex subucuto, obliquely Kubtruncato below. Wings ample, the veins of the anal area divergent, arcuate, apically distant, the outermost, falling on tho border at the middle of the apical half of tho wing, narrowly and very deeply forked. Length of body, 14™"' ; height of same, 4.5""" ; length of tegmina, 12'""' ; breadth of .samo, 3'""' ; length of rostrum, 45'""'. Named for tlio Boston geologist, Tliomas T. Uouvd, Esq. Florissant Two specimens, Nos. 126, 4348. Snblnmily CIXIII>A Stal. About a third of the fossil Fulgorida^ of Europe have been referred to this subfamily. They are all from amber and are considered as species of Cixius. To this we can now add from American rocks twelve species of at least five genera, three of them, Oliarites, Diaplegma, and Florissantia, regarded as extinct types. They all belong in tho vicinity of Cixius and Oliarus, and one of tliem, Diajdegma, has as many as seven 8i)ecies. The modern species of this group api)ear to be world wide in distribution. CIXIUS Latreille. To this genus as typical of the subfan)ily only two forms are here placed, whifii can hardly belong in the same generic group. Many fossil .specie."} are known in amber, but none from tho rocks have before been referred here. Both the species here described and figured are very imper- fect. HEMIPTERA— riOMOPTERA— FULOOUINA. 287 ClXIUS? HE8PERIDUM. PI. 6, Fifj. 19. Cixiuir ketptridum Sondd., null. U. S. Gool. Ouogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 77!t-77:i (1M78). A single fragment, repreHoiiting h nearly perfect tegnion, with obscure venation, is probably to bo referred to Cixius, but is unsatisfactory ; the costal border is gently and regularly convex, the tip well rounded, with no projecting apex ; the togmen appears to increase very slightly in size to a little beyond the middle, up to which point the borders are nearly parallel ; the course and branching of the nervures, so far as they can be made out, seem to indicate an insect allied to Cixius, but no cross-veins can be seen Length of tegmen, G.2""" ; its greatest breadth, 2Iy""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 3H, F. C A. Richardson. Cixius? pkoavus. PI. 19, Fig. 14. An insect apparently allied not distantly to Florissantia elogans and but little smaller than it, but with considerable difference in the nouration of the tegmina. The head is not preserved, l)ut must have been at least as narrow as there, the thorax being transverse but triangular and longer than in Florissantia, although its apex is angularly emarginate, x'eceiving the broadly angled base of the very large, otherwise triangular scutellum, which has a fine mesial sulcation. Tegmina siu'passing the abdomen moderately, with no j)tero8tigma, the first cross-veins, at which the longitudinal veins are forked and new cells arise, crossing the middle of the apical two-thirds of the wings, beyond which point the longitudinal veins run unforked to the margin, so that there are but a basal and an apical sei'ies of cells, the latter, about eight in number, striking the apical margin ; there a))pear to be a few dusky spots in the middle of these a])ical cells. Length of body as preserved, 10"""; breadth of same, 3.7.'')""" ; length of tegmina, 10.5™"'. Florissant. One specimen. No. l.TO.'), Princeton Expedition. OLIARUS Stal. A single species is referred here provisionally to indicate its apparently nearest alliance among living forms. The genus has never been found fossil, but all of the known fossil Cixiida are nearly allied to it 288 TERTIARY IN8K0T8 OF NORTU AMBttlCA. OlIAKUH? LUTKN8I8. PI. 7, Fig. 18. Tho HpocioH placud lioro proviHioiially can uortaiiily not belong here, as the Hcutelhnn ih only tricurlnate, and the veintt of the te^^ntina are Hmooth and contuinonH. Kvidently, however, it comes near it, to judge from the course of the venation. The head, of which only tho part lying between the eyes is preserved, is very small and narrow, little prominent ; the thorax, not properly shown in the plate, transverse, ecpial, short, angularly bent, so that tho base of the scutellum being almost as strongly angulate as its tip, the scutellum is diamond-shaped ; it has three very delicate carinic, the lateral ones divergent. The tegmina are three times as long as broad, con- siderably surpassing the abdomen, diaphanous, with a dusky roundish spot just below the costal edge in the middle of the apical two-thirds ; just before it tho main longitudinal veins first fork and are united by cross-veins in a zigzag maimer, and they again fork and are to sonie extent again united half way from hero to the tip. Length of body, «"'"' ; breadth of scutellum, 1.75""" ; length of tegmina, 7.25""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 112, Dr. A. S. Packard. Possibly in this vicinity should bo placed the wings figured, PI. 7, Fig. 10, which from their obscurity an«l because of their being longitudinally folded I am unable to i)lace definitely. DIAPLEGMA gen. nov. {fiictTrXey fta). This name is given to an extinct group of Cixiida allied to Cixius and Oliarns with peculiar ncuration. The insects are small and slender bodied, with protuberant, pointed head, arttennai apparently nmch as in Liburnia, a genus of Delplmcida, long and slender legs, and elongate wings largest in the middle of the apical half or even third, with strongly and regularly rounded apex. The sutura clavi is very long, arul tho anal veins unite in one far before their tip ; the radial vein forks near the middle of the wing, and each of tho forks sends at its tij) a cluster of two or three curved inde- pendent branches to the costal margin far out ; the two ulnar branches, which separate (dose to the base of the wing, usually fork farther out than the radial, the upper branch of the fork of the upper ulnar vein just striking IlKMIPTKUA— IIOMOPTKIIA— KITLdORINA. 289 tliu apox of tliu wing, tliu l«)wur hrancli urOnHiiig tliu iippur brunch of tho fork of tlio lowor ulnar vuin and ri>f(»rkin<; lK)twoon tho forki4 of tho hitter in n Honiowliat pucniiar inannor, HornutinicK ronnertud by croHH-vuinH to tho ](»w<>r brunch of tlio htwur uhiar fork ; tho lowor uhmi* Itranch forkH a little earlier than thu upper and dir(*ctly oppoHito the end of the united anal veiiiH. Venation of hind win;rH ho fur as Hoen a good deal aH in Ci.xiuH, but the forking of the upper veins lieyond the croHH-veiuM \» 8o deep uh to run fairly tip to the«e oroHH-veinH. Seven Hpeuies are reeogin'zed in our 'I'ertiary depoHitH. Table of Iht ipeiiiet of Diuiilrgma. The t' 'I nmiii lirmioliDii of the ulnar vein fjrkInK illHtliiutly fitrthitr out than the flrnt radliil rnroation. Aihcal. ritiliikl, iinil iiltiur vehilotii reiiuhinif the niur){li>. twi'lvii in nnnihvr 1. I), haldemanl. Apival, railiikl, uml nliiitr velnlnlii reurliinK tli» niitiKln not ovurten In nunil'or, Upper nliiitr hriknuh diNtlnctly tlUtnrhud in cnnrNo at its llrHt fnriMition. Kppxr rori( of Inwer nlnitr v(*in paiwing in noontlnnouk nn, ahiluotum. ITpiHir ulnar liriinoh witli itH upper fork makiuK u eonllnuouN or alinoHt oonlinuouH line, nnile- viatlng in conrite. 'lV)(nilnn nearly three tInieH aH long ait liruad 4, />. retierabilt, Te((niina nearly or iinile four tIniuH nit lonK ait broad, CroHH-veinN uniting the nltiar lirancheit eonsiderably farther from tho apex of the wing than the breadth of the win){ where tliuy iieunr 5, 0. occullorum, CroK.t'VeinH nnitliiK the ulnar lirunvhoN only an far from the apex of the wln({ at the whitli of the wiuK where tliey ouoiir <>. D. ruinoiiim. The lower ulnar vein forkiu); alnioitt exactly oppoHlte tho furcation of the radial 7. D. olidormUum. 1. DiAPLKOMA HALDKMANI. The antennic are about as long as the tricarinate scutelluin. Tho teg- minn are alxmt three and a half times longer than broad, with very straight costa, largest in the middle of the apical third, scarcely narrt>wing baseward The radial vein forks exactly at the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar l«ranch at 8(»nio distance beyond; the upper radial branch is two, the lowor three forkitd, since the first of its forks again subdivides. Opposite the furcation of the upper radial branch the upper ulnar branch forks widely, its tipper branch, an tinusital circumstance and perhaps individual, forking narrowly, its lower crossing to the center of the l(»wer ulnar fork, where it divides in two, the upper branch again forking, but there is no connection with the lowernutst ulna'" nervule. Length of body, 4"'"'; of tegmina, 4.1.5"""; width of same, I.IS'""; leugtli of fore tibi.-v, 1"""; tarsi, 0.4;")"'™. VOL xm 19 290 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOIITII AMERICA. In memory of the pioneer American naturalist and pliilologiHt, the hite Samnel Stehman Haldeman, Esq. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2237. 2. DiAPLEOMA VETERASCENS. There is but a single specimen of this species, but in it one of tlie teg- nnna is admirably preserved. These are a little niore than three tiinos as long as broad, broadest in tlie middle of the apical half, before which they narrow very regularly and very gently, and beyond which the apex is rather sharply rounded. The radial vein first forks at just about the middle of the wing, the lower ulnar at some distance beyond it ; there are three clustered forks to the upper radial, two to the lower, and the cells formed by them are rather slender though short. Tlie upper ulnar branch and its upper fork are distinctly bent where they join, and the lower fork crosses to the center of the lower ulnar fork and there divides in two, without con- tinuing to the lowermost ulnar nervule. Length cfbody, 4 a'"'" : tegmina, 4.2"""; width of same, 1.3°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. lOGSO. 3. DiAPLEOMA ABDIJCTUM. PI. 1.'., FiR. 8. The tegmina of this speciiis are less than tlu-ee and a half times longer than broad, very unitorinly rounded at the a})ex, the costal and inner bor- ders almost exactly ])arallel in the outer half before the tip and sti'aight. The radial vein first forks at just about the nn'ddle of the wing, the lower ulnar scarcely before the end of the middle tli'rd ; there are three clustered forks to the U|)|)er radial, the last one very strongly arcuate at base, but not connected ]»y a cn»ss-vein to the lower radial, which has two forks, and all their cells are short l)ut slender. 'I'he relation f>f the ulnar branches to each other is ix'culiar: the upper ulnar branch is simply, synnnetrieally, and n MTowly forked as far beyond the end of the middle third of the wing as the lower ulnar before it ; the adjacent forks of the two branches are now united by a cross-vein innnediatcly beyond the furcation of the n]>per ulnar, the two forks arc angulated at the point of touch, and this cross-vein, slightly shifted outward, runs as a longitudinal vein through the niiddle of nEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— PULGOBINA. 291 the lower ulnar coll, and is apparently united, immediately after its depart- ure, to the lowermost ulnar branch by a croas-vein parallel to the base of the upper fork of the lower ulnar branch. Len<,'th of body, 4.8""" ; tegmina, 4.1™'" ; breadth of latter, 1.25""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 319. 4. DiAPLEGMA VENEBABILE. Two specimens of this species snow, one a side, the other a dorsal, view. The tegmina are nearly three timas as long as broad, the costal bor- der more than usually arcuate, wliich has the effect of shortening the wing. The radial vein first forks well before the middle of the wing, and the lower ulnar branch only a little beyond the middle ; the upper radial is three, the lower two-branched, the cells made by them moderately broad. The upper ulnar vein runs in a straight line to the apex of the wing, and oppo- site the first fork of the upper radial branch sends a cross-vein to tlie upper fork of the lower ulnar branch, crossing it and emitting in the middle of the cell of the latter acoupleof approximated veins, running longitudinally, but it can not be seen to continue to the lowermost fork of the ulnar. Length of body, .3.7.5"""; of tegmina, 3.7'"'"; breadth of same, 1.2™"; length of hind tibiiv, 1.3.')'""'. Florissant. Two specimens, Noa 2161, 4824. 5. DiAPLEGMA OCCULTORUM. The fore femora laterally mesially carinate. Tegmina nearly four times as long as broad, slightly broader on the apical than the basal half The radial lnMiiches just below the middle of the wing, its branches rather distant, the upi)er three, the lo\/er two-branched, striking the costal margin over a little more than the apical fourth of tlio wing. The ulnar veins divide close to the base of the wing and scarcely diverge, the upper braiu'h exactly midway bijtwoen the lower branch and the radial vein, and scarcely or not at all disturbed in riiiuiing straight to the apex, its lower member act- ing more as a l)ranches mii b(* many fewer than in the other species. Length of i),»dv. r"; t(!gniiiia. 4"""; breadth of same, 1.25""". Green lliver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard. IlEMiriliKA— HOMOPTEBA— FULGORINA. 293 OLIA RITES gen. nov. (Oliarua). This name is proposed for an insect formerly placed by me in Mne- mosyne, one of the Dictyopharida, but which a renewed ^tudy seems to show to belong in the vicinity of Oliarus, among the Cixiida. The head was apparently not more than half as broad as the thorax, perhaps much narrower. The thorax was transverse, equal, arcuate, into which the pretty large subtriangular scutellum with its convex base fitted. The tegmina were wholly dia ^'nanous, very greatly surpassing the abdomen, enlarging apically with slight, fine, but smooth and in no respect arenaceous veins, all the longitudinal veins connected near the middle of the wing, but not in a line, with the cros.s- veins, at or beyond which each of them 'forked to a greater or less extent, the forks, at least in the upper half of the wing, upcurved on approaching the margin, where they are again forked and united by many cross-veins, so that the wing becomes weakly reticulate shortly before the margin. Olurites tebrentula. PI. 7, Fig. 17. Mnemosyne terrentula Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 773 (1878). A single specimen is preserved, with an indistinct body, broken in front, and the greater part of one of the tegmina. The body is moderately broad ovate, the tip of the abdomen rounded and slightly produced. The tegmina are regularly enlarged toward the apex and rounded at the ex- tremity, not at all truncate ; the interior branch of the radial vein forks near the middle of the wing, and just beyond the first snbapical transverse vein ; both its branches fork before they have passed more than half-way to the marginal row of elongate cells. Estimated length of body, ()..')"•"' ; breadth of same, 2.25""" ; length of tegmina, 7'"'" ; breadtli of same, 2.25°"" ; their extent beyond the abdomen, 2.2'""'. Green River, Wyoming One specimen. No. 31'' (F. C. A. Richardson). FLORISSANTIA gen. nov. (Florissant, nom. loc). This interesting genus appe.ars to be allied to Cladodiptera, with very nearly the same general neuration of the tegmina, but differs strikingly from it in the much narrower head. The head is only half as broad as th a 294 TERTIARY INSKCTS OF NORTH AMERICA. thorax, and, as viewed above, the eyes make up one-half of this narrow part ; the front projects abruptly in front of the eyes by one-third their length, is well rounded anteriorly with brief ]):irallel sides ; the eyes are moderately larjje, not very tumid. Tiie thorax is transverse, arruate, equal, short; the scutellum very larjje, triangular, pointed, with nearly straight but slightly arcuate sides, attenuating the apex. Legs sleiuler, the hind tibiie armed externally with three distant prominent spines. Tegmina membranous, ample, the longitudinal veins first forking about the middle of the wing, the radial here dividing into two branches, which throw many apical branches to the costal margin at and beyond a pterostigma ; the ulnar branches, a little farther on, subdivide into many forks, connected at their origin by cross- veins, and most of these forks, without another series of cross-veins (such as occur in Cladodiptera), again divide shortly before the apex. Abdomen broad, abruptly tapering apically to a bluntly pointed tip. A single species is known. Florissantia kleoans. PI. 19, Pig. 12. Two specimens with their reverses present a very fair vie'v of this delicately veined insect, but the one figured does not show the head. The body, shaped like that of a diminutive (>icada, is of a uniform dark color with pale abdominal incisures; the thorax is minutely and distantly punc- tate ; the .scut(;llum finely sulcate down the middle ; the legs are slender and apjjarently longitudinally streaked with pale, and the tibial spines are black. The tegmina are alnnit three times as long as liroad, the j)terostigma situated just before the middle of the apical half, rounded, subcpuulrate, a little longer than deep ; the cross-veins uniting the longitudinal sei'ies are mostly oppo- site the proximal end of the pterostigma, and the apical forks of the longi- tudinal veins are about as long as the pterostigma. Length of body, 12..')""°; breadth at base of abdomen, 4.6'""'; breadth of head between the eyes, 0.8.")"'"' ; length of tegmina, 1 2.25"'"' ; hind femora, 3"""; hind tibia-, .')..")""". Flori.ssant. Two specimens, Nos. 1.104 and LTf)!, 1.783 and 1.789, rrinceton Collection. HEMIPTEltA— HOMOPTEUA— FULGOEINA. 295 Subfamily DELPHAOIDA Stal. The only European fossil insect hitherto referred to this group is a species from Aix referred by Curtis to Asiraca, to which seven years later Giebel gave the specific name tertiaria, and Heer that of obscuruni, refer- ring it to Cicadellites, one of the Mcntl . acida. In America, besides an obscure species referred to Delphax, we have an extraordinary insect, with a very strange type of neuration, from British Columbia. DELPHAX Fabricius. A single fossil has been referred to this generic group, but only in its wide sense as typical of the subfamily. Delphax senilis. PI. 5, Fig. 95. Delphax senilit Sciiild., Bull. U. S. Qeol. Qeogr. Snrv, Terr., Ill, 700 (1877). A fairly preserved specimen with spread wings, but with almost no characteristic sculpture. The head and exjjosed part of thorax are blackish ; the rest of the body and the wings, especially the tegmina, dusky. The head is less than half as broad as the thorax and short. The thorax is broad and rounded, and the body nearly equal, though enlarging slightly posteriorly. The tegmina are slightly narrower and considerably longer than the body, equal, and at the tip broadly rounded ; they show no trace of neuration, but the preservation of the whole is perhaps too obscure to expect it. The wings are a little shorter than the tegmina, crumpled and folded, and show a few longitudinal veins, and others, which, from the nature of the preservation, can not be traced. Legs and appendages of the head are wanting. Length of body, 2""" ; tegmina, 2.4""'. White River (probably Chagrin Valley, Colorado; possibly Fossil Cafton, Utah). One specimen, W. Denton. 296 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMEUIOA. PLANOPHLEBIA Sciuldor {7r\dyo?, ). The specimen is very fragmentary, consisting of an np})er wing, of which the whole of the costal border as far as the tip, and tlio basal half of the inner margin, can be made out ; but oidy three patches of the surface with its accompanying veins are preserved — a piece ne.xt the base, crossing tlie wing ; another near the middle, which crosses rather more tiian three- quarteis of it from the ct>stal margin backward ; and a greatly broken patch at the tipper half of the tip; but from tlie.se i)ieces nearly the whole of the nt'uration, as given in the generic description, can be determined. Tiie costal vein appears to be ibrketl do.se to the ba.se, with branches run- ning close and subpurallel to each other. There are five ])ranches of the ulnar vein, terminating above the middle of the apical margin of the teg- HEMIPTKKA— nOMOPTEKA— FULOOKINA. 397 mina, but below that the veins are wholly obliterated. The sutura clavi must be very brief (as wo Hhould, perhaps, expect it to be in a wing with so short a costal areole), since no sign of it appears on the basal patch ; it must terminate before the branching of the ulnar vein. The tegmina are of very large size, the costal margin regulavly and gently arched, the inner margin almost straight, and the apex very regularly convex, at least on the upper half. Length of fragment, 23.75™"' ; estimated length of the tegmina, 25°"" ; breadth in middle, 9.5""". Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 77, Geo- logical Survey of Canada, by Dr. G. M. Dawson. Subfamily ACHILIDA Stai. No fossils have heretofore been referred to this subfamily, and it is with doubt that a single species from Colorado is here regarded as a mem- ber of it. ELIDIPTERA Spinola. A singte species doubtfully referred here has been discovered in the Oligocene of Florissant. Elidipteka regularis. PI. 19, Fig. 13. This curiously veined insect would appear to fall in the neighborhood of this genus. The whole of the neuration can not be made out, but the longitudinal veins are few and distant and apparently wholly unconnected by cross-veins until just before the apical margin where the cross-veins form, with apparently the tip of tlie radial nervure, a continuous vein which approaches the margin in the outer half of the wing, then curves and fol- lows subparallel to the outer margin, with wliich it is connected by equi- distant veins forming apical cells but little longer than broad, excepting at the costal margin, where the vein diverges from tlie border and the connect- ing veins become very oblique. The legs are slender, stiff, and straight, the hind tibitc unarmed, the hind tarsi delicately and very briefly spined at the tip of each joint. Length of body, 4.25"'"; breadth, 1.5'""'; length of tegmina, 4""°; of hind tibiiv, 1.1'""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. I278''y. 398 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTD AMERICA. SiibfUmily UICANIII>A Stal. A speciua of Ricaniii Idih been described by Giebel from amber ; besides this the only fossils possibly referable to this {jroup are those n>en- tioned below, one of them of extraordinary character, so that in all proba-" bility it should more properly l)e referred to a distinct subfamily, so}j;roatly does it differ from all Fuljyorina in the multiplicity of the ])rincipal longi- tudinal veins at the base of the wing, the branching of the veins of the cinvus and the irregular reticulation of part at least of the corium. HAMMAITERYX gen. nov. {a^na, Trripv/i). Tegmina exceptionally broad, subtriangular, with strongly rounded apex, produced more above than below. Costal margin somewhat arched at the base, the costal vein distant from it, ruiniing into it considerably beyond the middle (where it turns rapidly upward), and connected with it by numerous oblique veins. Radial vein forked at the base of the wing, and each branch again dividing before the middle, all the offshoots of the upper and the upper offshoot.s of the U wer branch with a strong superior nrctuition at the tip of the costal vein, gi^'ing the wing a knotty aj)pearanco. Ulnar vein also divided at base, each of its branches immediately divid- ing and again a second time at or before the middle of the wing, while both radial and ulnar nervules still farther subdivide so that nudtitudiiious veinlets reach the border; they tire further united intimately by three series of cross-veins like the gradate veiidets of Hemerobidsc among Ncuroptera, but here subparallel to the outer margin, one .set, the weakest and short- est, in the middle of the wing, tiie second and third series on either side of the middle of the outer half, but distant from each other. The anal ai'ea is occupied by delicately and longitudinally branching veins, which nowhere tend to unite apically. • - • Hammapteryx keticulata. PI. 0, Fig. .■J4. A pair of tegmina of which only the upper third is shown in one of them, while the other is nearly perfect. The two outer series of cro.ss-veins are equidistant in the upper half of the wing, but below it approach each other by the gradual removal of the outci- away from the border, the middle series being parallel to the border in this part of the wing. Within this II EM 1 1'TBBA— IlOMOl'TKB A— FULOOUINA. 299 ■' middle Hories of doHiiitoly nrran^ed cro88-vcina all tlio longitudinal veinu and their branches avo united by cross- vol ns all the way to the base; these are straight and transverse except between the costal and upper radial veins, where the wing is more or less reticulate. The wing is more or less fuligi- nous, with two small, faint, round, pale spotb on the costal border on either side of the curious arcuation of the veins. Length of tegmina, 11.5""'; breadth, 6.3""°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 117, Dr. A. S. Packard. Subfamily FLAT IDA St&l. Gravenhorst and Burmeister have both reported species of Flata as found in amber, but none were described or mentioned by Germar in Berendt's great work, neither have any been reported from the rocks. The genus Lithopsis, however, which I formerly regarded as one of the Tropi- duchida, appears to belong here, the two anal veins in the clavus being dis- tinctly separated throughout. I have now another species to add to that first described. LITHOPSIS Scudder (A/'0o?, o^/?). Lithoiisii SoHdd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Oeogr. Siirv. Torr., IV, 773 (1878). Body oblong, stout, and apparently cylindrical anteriorly, tapering and probably compressed posteriorly. Head broad and short, the front liv/t produced beyond the eyes, broad, transverse, very gently convex. The united thorax and scutellum of about eqiuil length and breadth. Teg- mina surpassing considerably the tip of the abdomen, two or three times as long as broad, beyond the middle barely tapering, the sides subequal, the apex roun'h^d, the costal margin gently convex; margino-costal area broad, broadening regularly toward the apex, and throughout its length traversed by very frecjuent transverse veinlets, which become more and more oblique toward the apex of the tegmina, where they are supplanted by the similarly close branches of the longitudinal veins ; these are united at the origin of the forks by transverse veins in continuity with the costa itself. The radial vein is branched at the base of the tegmina, the inner ulnar vein at some distance before the ntiddle of the wing, and both branches of this vein and the lower branch of the radial vein fork again at half the distance from the first fork of the inner ulnar vein to the tip of the wing, but they are not connected at this point by transverse veins. Wings as long as the tegmina. 300 TEKTIAUY INSKCTS OK NOKTII AMEUICA. This (runiiH ruiuindrt ono of tlio South Amoriciin ^oiiuh AlceHtiH Still, hut diHerH decidudly iVoin it in tliu form of tlio to^riaina, the iibHenco of ohliquo inferior rnnuili to the inner ulntir vein, tlio coiirHo of the anal voinH, and the Hlriicturoof the head. ruble of thu nprciti of lAthopiii. T«|{iiiiiiit lem tlikti tlin'K t linen nit Idiik uh liroud I. L. flmhriala, T«Kniiua iiiuru tbaii tbroe tiiiioit um h ng itH liriiuti it. L. tloHgata. 1. L1THOP8I8 KIHHRIATA. ri. 0, Fig8. 30, ;{7. LUIinpiU /Imbriiila 8ciiil (S. II. Scudder), 118 (Dr. A. S. Packard). 4 HKMIPTKUA-IIOMOI'TKKA— I'HJMJORINA. 801 2. LiTHOPHIH KLONOATA. PI. 6, FiR. 28. A Hiiiglo Olio of tlio to^'iiiiia \h proHurved. It (lifFurH from that of tlio precodiiij'' HpecioH by Ita fur gruater Hlondurness, lining coiiHiderably iiionj than thrco timcH an long as broad ; tho costal margin i« strongly Hhouldi'i'od at the base, and boyond in very gently and faintly concave, the apex well rounded as in L fimbriata; the marginal area <>f final division of tho hmgi- tmliiial veins is relatively much broader than in the preceding species, and the principal veins are more longitudinal and less oblique. Length of tegmina, !»'""'; breadth in middle, 2.7.^^.""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 1)0, Prof. L. A. Loe. FICARASITP^S gen. nov. (Ficara.sa, iiom. gen.). This name is given to an insect which apparent'y l)elongsin this family in the neighliorhood of Walker's genera Darada.x, K|»ora, and Ficarasa, and especially the last named, but from whose imperfect condition little more can be said. The costal area of the tegmina is narrow but supplied regularly with rather numerous obli(pie veins. The radial vein is scarcely branched, the ulnar divided near tho base of tho wing, the upper branch again in the basal half and both at the middle of the wing, beyond which there are further subdivisions ; cross-veins very few. \ FiCARASITKS 8TIOMATICUM. PI. 6, Fig. 20. The specimen representiii".;; this insect was so macerated in final depo- sition that the jiarts are separated, crumpled, and overlaid, an>l it is diffi- cult to make out tho whole of any one organ. Apparently the body and the tegmina were each about 10""" long. Tho latter were furnished with a very small blacki.sli fuliginous stigma at the tip of the costal vein at about the (id of the middle third of the wing ; the apical half of tho wing was abundantly supplied with cross-veins. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 144, Prof. L A. Leo. .i'i \ \-\ 302 TKIITIAUY INHKcmS OP NOHTII AMKRICA. i|i I Family JASSIDES Amyot-Serville. With only iv Minjjlo oxci-ptioii nil tlio fosHil HpcrioH of tluH family tlint Imvo 1)0('M r(u*oj»'ni/(>(l in Tortiiiry (IcjMmitH of iiiiy l^iiiil liiivu boon dmwn from tlio Hiiltfamily JiiHsidii as Stiil noparatoH tliom. Tliirt Ih oqitally true wlion wo oxtoiid tlio ground to Amorica, wliirli pohmohsch half as many H|)oci(>ri as Kdi'opo, and Ih tlio nioro i'*>n)arl1o Hinco thc^ McMnliracida, now Hni'h a provailin^T typo in North Amorica, is nowhoro tracod in tlio rocks, tlioMfjh in Knropo a siri^jlo Ooniiifjcn spocioH, imporft'ctly prosorvod, has boon roforrod lion* by Ilcor. So, too, tlio vast proportion of forms in both worlds bclonfj:* to the sorics allied to .Fassiis and Hythoscopiis, and not to that of wliioli 'IV'tfiffoiiia is tlio typo, so that tho rosoinl>lanot! of tho Tertiary fauna in tho two worlds is iiotsli;jht, tlioiij>'h tho samo gonera appoar rarely to bo proserved. TKTTKiONIA Kabricins. This ^jonns, oxcossivoly abundant in existinjf sjiocios, ospecially in the tropios of tho Now World, lias not boon rooofj^nizod in tho Teitiarios of Eiiropo. A sin},''lo spocios from Wliito Rivor, Colorado, has been referred bore, but its generic atHiiitios are wludly nnc(!rtain. Not so, however, with the ones now added from Green River, Wyoming, and Florissant, C»dorado, which are unmistakable members of the genus, at least in the broad sense in which Sigiiorot employed it. Their presence in Florissant and Wyoming is in keeping with the tropical or subtropical aspect of tho Tertiary insect fauna of these places. Table of the upreien of TitUyonia, I.i)ri;<'r Npcrii's; ti'i;inin:i iiriiainciitfil with n liroati (l»rk Imiid itrniiiid tlio apical iiinrKin but with iin oroMN IidikIh I. T. princomargiHata. Siiialhtr N|ii'ri*>N , li-jriiiiim with iio lironiniiiii with a liriind, ilurk, niciliiiii Htrcjik its Piitiri* length 'i, 7°. priicotiurta. Mcdiiiii Nlnuk nl' ti'Kiiiiint not fXtendiiiK bttyoiid tlir liiiHiil foiirtli :i, T. prinovaririjata. .*, Till' rmirtli Hpi'c'ii'H, from ilH iin|i«rlut'tioii, iH not beru nf>l()d. 1. TkTTJGO.NIA IMM-SCOMAUaiNATA. PI. 7, Fig. 4. A single specimen and its reverse with partially expanded tegmina. A species is iiidiciiteil of about the size of our Aulacipos irroratus Fabr. sp., aiKi with a head of proljablv the same form. The head is scarcely shorter than the traii.sverse thorax, and the tegmina are fully three times as long U8 IlEMirTKKA-IlUMOI'TKHA— .lASHIDEK. 803 lirond. Tho siounition (1o»>h not hIiow chmrly ; tlioro U no diniiniitioii in brondtli lutfimt tlio riipidly roiiiidi'd ii|>ux ; tlio to^iuiMii ii|i|i(>iit' to liavo been cloiir and li^lit colored on tlio diHk hnt lm»adly olm(>nr(Ml at hum, at tlio niarjrins, ami alon^ tlio principal voinH, an""" ; broadth of latter, O 7r,min Oroon Uivor, Wyoming. Ono Hpocinion, Nos. 34 and 35, Prof L. A Loe. 2. TeTTIOONIA I'KIHCOTINCTA. r\. 10, v\g. ». Head, as viowod froni abovo, roiindud, subtritingiilar, the front strongly convex, tho ocelli Hituated on the vertex, tho surface of the head and thorax uniform, tho Hcutelluni roundly angnlated liehind. Togniina barely njach- ing tho tip of tho ab(h>men, pale with bold dark markings, as follows : A broad sulH*iit its great breadth can be seen by comparison with tiie width of the tegmina. The legs are slender. '' ii ' '! HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEKA— JASSIDES. 307 The costal margin of the tegraina is greatly thickened and regularly and considerably arcuate, giving an unusually ovate shape to the whole, which is increased by the somewhat pointed though rounded apex. The tegmina, which are less than three times as long as broad, appear to be tenuous, and the veins, though not the sutura clavi, are ver}^ indistinct. The body is uniforndy dark and parallel- sided. Breadth of body, 2.5"""; length of tegmina, 5 75"""; breadth, 2"'"'; length of hind tibise, 3.25'"'". Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. 78. 4. Agallia abstkucta. PI. 19, Fig. 5. Head as broad as the uniformly broad thorax. Tegmina barely extend- ing to the tip of the abdomen, long oval, almost three and a half times as long as broad, the costal border regularly and very little arcuate, the apex strongly convex ; the ulnar vein forks at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and the upper branch is immediately united by a recurrent cross- vein, longer than the pedicel of the upper ulnar, to the radial vein, the latter running into the margin not far before the tip but uniting with it by no cross-vein ; scarcely beyond the middle of the wing the radial and upper ulnar veins are united by a bent cross-vein, from the middle of which springs a veinlet, dividing the area between them, and at just about half-way to the tip all the veins are united by a transverse series of gradate cross-veins, beyond which the discontinuous longitudinal veins diverge, producing apical cells distinctly broader at the margin than at base Length of body, 4,5"'"'; tegmina, 3.7"'"'; breadth of body, LS""; teg- mina, 1.1'""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2658. GYPONA Germar. The only reference of a fossil to this genus is in my first mention of the Homoptera collected by Denton on the White River, as belonging to genera "allied to Issus, Gypona, and Delphax." Since then these have been described under the genera Aphana, Delpiiax, Tettigonia, and Bythoscopus. The one now descril)ed below is referred here only in a general and vague sense, as it is too ill preserved to speak of it with confidence. 308 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Gypona cinercia. PI. 19, Fig. 4. The head and thorax are decidedly darker than the abdomen, and the spread, but cruin[)led, elytra are scarcely visible as distinct from the color of tl'.e stone except for their slig'htly darker edges. The head is not more than half as broad as the thorax (which shows that it can not strictly fall into Gypona), with small and rather prominent eyes. Tlie e.ytra are very slender, extending beyond the abdomen, with only sliglit and feeble traces of neuration, and apparently very tenuous. The wings are a little shorter but broader, and so more ample. Lengtli of body, 8.5""" ; tegmina, 8""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 14229. ir JA8SUS Fabricius. Two species of this genus have lieen described from the Prussian amber and several others (compared with different existing forms from those witli whicli the former were compared) have been indicated by Gravenhorst from the same source. It appears, however, not to have been recognized in the rocks, and the species here refen-ed to it is too imperfect to be sure of the correctness of the reference. Jassus? LATEBR.£. PI. 20, Fig. 19. The head has much the form of that of Jassus spinicornis from Prus- siiiii amber ; the thorax is very faintly and not very finely nor closely punc- tate; tile teimons and diaphanous iigmina extend a little way beyond the lip of the abdomen, and are apparently almost three tir...es longer than Itroad ; tliuy are traversed by rather distant longitudinal veins, of whicli five reach the a|)icul margin ; tlie character of their furcation and anastomosis ciin not be detenuined witli certainty, but wherever it can be traced appears to agree with the simpler types of, Jassn.s. Length of body, 3.5'"™; breadth of same, 1.2'"""; length of tegmina, •Minn Florissant. Ono specimen, No. HfiSD. HEMIPTEI:A— IIOMOPTKRA— .TASSIDES. 309 ■r TIIA^IXOTETTIX Zetterstedt. No species of tliis genus have been hitherto recognized among fossil insects. The hirger species here described certainly behmg here or in the immediate vicinity, the neiiration of both tegmina and hind wings closely agreeing, as well as such other details of bodily structure as can be seen. The small species is placed here with more doubt, since it is too poorly pre- served to determine with any confidence. Table of the specieg of ThamnoUttix, Larfrer Hpeoies ; moro than tbren luillinintors in length. Roliktivel.v stout Ixxlied, with togiuiua liaruly tbr«o times ax long as broad 1. T. mutilata. Ki;lativuly slender bodied with tegmina considerably more than three times as long ns broad. a. T. gannetti. Smaller species ; less than three millimoters in length 3. 2', fundi. 1. Thamnotettix mutilata. PI. 7, Fig. C. A single specimen is preserved, showing only a part of the head but the whole dorsal view of the rest of the body, with one of the tesrniina partly expanded. The body is long ovoid, very regular in shape with full abdomen, hardly pinched posteriorly, but with full rounded curve. The thorax is transverse, and the scutellum large for this genus, being if any thino a little longer than the thorax The tegmina are barely three times as long as broad, with interrupted dusky macul.'c along the outer half of the costal margin, and slight signs of the same along the inner margin. The hind tibia; are obscurely seen through the body, and appear as if very densely spined with excessively minute and short spines, very different in character from those of living types. Length of body, 4..'55"""; breadth, 1.4"""; length of tegmina, 3.75"""; breadth, 1.25"'". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 73, Prof. L. A. Lee. 2. Thamnotettix gannetti. PI. C, Fig. 3;5 ; PI. 7, Fig. 5. Two specimens, differing a little in size, seem to belong together, both preserved in a similar manner, showing a dorsal view with spread ti-giuina, and wings, though in one case part was covered when the plate was (h-rwn. The body is rather slender, tiie abdomen tolerably full, but pinched I 310 TEHTIAKY INSECTS OP N iRTH AMKKICA. npically, so that the lust two segments are much narrower than the preced- ing. Tlie transverse thorax, aa in the preceding species, is shghtly shorter than the unusually large scutellum. The tegmina are considerably more than three times as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins rather heavily marked ; there are four apical cells, which are more than twice as long as broad. The venation of the upper half of the hind wings (all that is pre- served) is precisely the same as that of T. simplex of Europe, excepting that the lower cross-vein is strongly oblique instead of tran>»verse. Length of body. 3.3-4.1"""'; breadth of abdomen, 1.15-1.5"""; length of tegmina, 3.1-3,5 (?) """ ; breadth, 0.85-0.85 (?) """'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 116, 120, Dr. A. S. Packard. S^Thamnoiettix fundi. PI. 19, Fig. 20. Head roundly angulate in front, the thorax small. Tegmina slender, elongate, surpassing a little the abdomen, about three and a half times longer than bntad, the costal edge nearly straight, the longitudinal veins few, distant, and faint, the sub.stance of the wing being slightly coriaceous, or only partly diaphanous, as in our green and unicolorous living species. Length of body, 2.85"'"'; tegmina, 2.(15™™; width of body, 0.85"""; tegmina, 0.75"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 3412. OICADULA Zetterstedt No fossil species of .Jassida have yet been referred to this genus, and the present reference of a somowhat obscure species is by no means definite. ClCAUt^LA SAXOSA. PI. G, Fifj. 2«. A species is indicated of about the size of our C sexnotata, but with more opaque tegmina. Only tiio part of the head between the eyes is pre served, giving it a more distinct and (piadrate appearance than would be otherwise the case; the front Is I'i-oadly rounded. 'Die tiiorax is mure than twice as broail as long and the po.sterior angle of the scut(;lluin is slightly more than a riglit angle. The tegmina are opaque, sI;owing scan-ely any veins, and these only longitudinal, tlujsuturaclavi terminating in the middle HKMirTKKA— HOaIOI'TKKA— JAHSIDKS 311 i of tlie apioil lialf ; they aro considerably more tlian three times as long as broiul, siilK!(|iiaI tliruiifjfl'out, with well rounded apex. The abdomen is long oval, largest about one-third way from base, tapering beyond to u bluntly pointed tip. Length of body, 2.75™"' ; greatest breadth, 0.9""" ; length of tegmina, 'i..^""" , breadth, 0.75"'"'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 114 and 126, Dr. A. i^ Packard. ACOCEPHALUS Germar. Heer has described two species of this genus from the Miocene beds of Radoboj, and two of our American fossils aro referred dubiously to the same group, though they differ considerably from each other in the general form of tht; body. H(*er's species, too, strictly interpreted, should be placed elsewhere, though they are certaiidy near Acocephalus. Table of the ipeciee of Acocephalua. Sleiidur HpncicH ; body inurt* than tlireti times U8 Inii}; ah broad I. A. ad(t. Stout species; body less tlian three times us long as brond 2. A. calluaui. 1. Acocephalus ad.*;. PI. 6, Fig. 29. Aoocephatus adm Sciuld., Hull. IT. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771 (1878), Two specimens represent the body of apparently a species of Acoceph- alus. The head projects forward in a triangular form, is rounded at the extreme apex, a little broader than long, and nearly twice as broad between the small eyes as its length in advance of them. The body is slender, the abdomen slightly tapering, rounded at the apex. The tegmina extend a short distance beyond the body with parallel longitudinal veins. Length of body, 5.25"""; breadth of head, l.-i'""'; of middle of abdo- men, 1.3™"'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 72, 100, F. C. A. Rich- ardson. 2. ACOCKPIIALUS CALLOSUS. PI. 19, Fig. 15. Although the figure seems to show a bluntly rounded head very uncharacteristic of Acocephalus, it evidently ^esult^^ from the mode of ))i('s- ervation, the body being crushed on a three-fourtlis view, obscuring tlic angularity of the front, which a careful exiimination of the specimen itself 312 TEKTIARY IN8E0T8 OK NORTH AMERICA. Heoms to show. The eyo is Htnall, as there. 'I'ho tejriniim are liyaline, apparently reachhij^ about to the tip of tiio abdomen (tlio whole of whirh 18 not preserved, but can be readily restored in the main), »iiid has few 'on- gitudinal veinu connected, a little beyond the middle and aj^ain mor.5""" ; breadth, 2.5'"'" ; lenj^th of tegmina, r).r>°"°; middle tibijc, 1.7'"'"; tarsi, 1.2""". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 11307 and 14385. JASSOPSIS gen. nov. (Jassus, nom. gen.). Allied to Thamnotettix. The thorax is rounded subqundrate. as long as broad, 'Mid tiie sciitellum not more than half as long as the thorax. The veins of the tegmina are peculiar in that the radial parts from the costal vein and the ulnar vein from the sntura clavi at similar and very short dis- tances from the base ; there are but three apical cells. A single species is known. JaSSOPSIS EVIDEN8. PI. 19, FiK. 16, The single specimen is preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the tegmina unequally ex[)aiide(l. The head is lost but was relatively narrow, to judge by tiie anterior tapering of the thorax. The body is V(My dark and uniformly so, tlie posterior angle of tlie scutellum a right angle. The tegmina were semiopaque, with tiie veins heavily marked, the sutiira clavi terminating in the middle of the wing; they are three and a half times longer tiian broad, and the costal margin is strongly arcuate, especially dis- tally, so that the apex falls at about the middle of the lower half of the wing and is roundly pointed ; cross-veins unite the principal nervures where tlio radial vein forks at about three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing. The abdomen is subconical, tapering pretty uniformly alino.st from the base, with pretty straigiit sides, the tip bluiiflv pointed. Length of body (witiiout head), ."{.2'"'" ; breadth of abdomen near base, 1.1"""; leiigtii of tegmina, ;5'""'; brcadtli, ().«.")""". Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 518^" I il HEMllTEBA— 1 lOMOPT K H A— J A88IDBS. CCKLIDIA Gertnar. 818 The only species of this group hitherto re|)ortefl fossil is one described below from British Colti.nbiii. To this we now add another species from Wyominfr. It is an American type best developed in the tropics, but not iinknown in the soutliern United States. Table of the ipecien of Calidia. TeKiuina lest) than three tiimw as loiiK us hroail i_ c. oolumlmna Tegmlutt luoro tbau three ti luos as Uiiig as broad ..'.'.'.. ..'....'i. C. inyominaensis. 1. CffiLIDIA COLUMBIANA. PI. 2, Fip. 13. Calidia eolitmhiaim Soiitld., Kep. Progr. Gool. Siirv. Can., 1877-1878, 185H (1878). A pair of tegmina, in which most of the venation can be made out, with a crushed body and crumpled wings, represent a species of Cojlidiaor an allied genus, witli rather broad tegmina. The veins of the tegmina are nearly parallel to the gently arcuate costal margin, are eciuidistant from one another, and are united by cross-veins near the middle of the apical half of the tegmina, the lower ulnar vein, which runs only a little below the mid- dle of the wing, forking at this point ; the upper of the apical areolets, how- ever, is considerably shorter than the others ; tin- two ulnar veins are united by a cross-vein in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, while not far from the middle of the tegmina the ulnar and radial veins are similarly united. The tegmina do not taper apically, the extremity is rounded and obliquely docked, and the sutura clavi is short. The hind wings are pro- vided with an unusual number of cross-veins. Length of tegmina, 8""" ; breadth, 3.2.5'^'". Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 75, Geol. Surv. Canada,- Dr. G. M. Dawson. 2. CcELIDIA WyOMINOENSIS. n. 4, Fig. 8. A dark ape.nes appears to be indicated, the head and thorax being black and the veins of the tegmina heavily marked with dark fulio-inous liio tegmina are well rounded, about three and a quarter times as long as broad, the costal margin regularly and pretty strongly convex ; the pedicel P-. i 314 TKKTIARY INHKOTS OF NORTH AMEUIHA. of tlie upper iilimr branch Ih Hlij^htly Hliortor timn the cronH-voin iinitiii]^ it to tlio radiiil ; the I'iulial \n parallel to tliu (^xsta throii'', Dr. A. C Peale. DOCIMUS gen. nov. {d<'Hi/ioi). This name is proposed for an insect with somewhat remarkable neura- tion, which reminds us somewhat of that of Walker's Kast Indian genus Isaca. 'I'he sutura davi is very long, reaching to the middle of the outer half of the wing, while the apical cells, the oidy wholly diaphanous part of the wing, are very long, occupying fully the apical third, and are very few in number, only three reaching the apical margin, and all being bounded away from the middle line of the wing by remarkably anruate and divergent veins, giving .somewhat the aspect of a P.sylla to the wing. The body is very stout, with a full abdomen, well rounded behind, and in no way pointed. A .single species is known, or po-ssibly two. DOCIMIJS PSYLLOIDES. IM. 19, FiKs. 6, 17. Tl>e head is not preserved. The thorax is faintly punctate. The teg- mina are fully two anrii, oiio of tlu'iu, I'ctrolystrii, witli two HpecicM, j,nyaiiti(' and poHHihjy iiiiuiiiifcrouH iiiHccts. wliicli miiHt liavc been oiio of tiio «trikiii;f fcatiircH of Florissant Oli^foccnc (Hitomolo^fv ; aiiotlicr, Palccpliora, with six spccioH, five of tli(Mii from Florissant and one fr(»m (Jrccn Uivcr, was the prcvailin;? Iiomopterons type; ("lorcopitcs is known only from Orccn liivt-r ; tli(» roniaiiidor, with tlio exceptions noted, oidy from Florissant, and one of tlio prettiest, Prineepliorii, was by no means rare. As a whole tho aspect of th« cercopid fauna was decidedly tropical. CKRCOl'rrKS fren. nov. (Ccrcopia, nom. {fen.). Head relatively small, includin<>' the eyes hardly more than half as broad as the thorax, not appressed, but prominent. Thorax more or less hexajfonal, much broader than louff, the front border transvcirse or iindate, th«' base truncate; scutelluni eipiian^fular. Tcffmina larj^e and well rounded, but little more than twice as huiff as broad, with comx'X costa, the ti|» sli;>htly narrowed and shar|)ly rounded, tho radial and ulnar veins forkiii}^ onee each with no apparent apical (;ells, the radial forkin;r scarcely lu'fon* the middle of the winaniliiiK about eiKht iiiilliinxti'i's ; I'miir iM!ir;;iii of thorax Htriti|{lit. I. r, umlirnlitiH, LaryiT !4|i<'ci<"s, (lin wiii^s cxpiiiiiliiit; iilmiit twenty iiiillirnetrrn; front niar|{iii of thoriix nnclato or liicouuuvo a. C. callitcenH. 1. Cercopites UMHRXTILIS, PI. 7, Fij;. 1>. The sing'le specimen is rather obscurely preserved, showing an upper .surface with spread wings. The body is .stout, the abdomen full atid rounded ; the front margin of the thorax is straight behind the head, but HKMIl'TKKA— lIOMorTEUA— CKIlCiJl'II)^. 317 retroiitH Hliffhtly at tlio Hides, ho hh to jrlvn It u nli^rlitl y convt^x UHpect. 'Vho IxhIv is (lurk iiiid unitonn, tlio t(»<,niiiiiii tlio huiuo l)iit Hli;;lit]y ligiitcr over tlio disk ; tliu roHtii is vory Htroii}>ly (U)iiv('X. liOiigth of body, 2.7r)""" ; hmidtli, l.l"""; loiiiftli of tugiiiiim m pnv Hervud, lUt""" ; an n-HtortuI, .'{.M""". Green River, VVyoiuiiij''. One Hpecimen, N(». lOH, Dr. A. S. I'acknnl 2. ('kucopitkh calmhcens. IM. «, FiK. .W. Flead Hnborhicular, witli scarcely |>rotriiding eyes, a little broader oidy than long; the ocelli are obscure, but what are apparently these are farther removed from each other than from the eyes. Thorax broadest in tin- njiddlo of the anterior half, from which point it rapidly narrows both in front and behind ; base straight ; front margin broadly concave except for a slight and aiigidar mi» of Crrropln. Ti!giuiiia iiiiicolorniiH. Larger HiH'cioH ; tlitt ti<);iiiina ineaNiirins til'tettii iiiilliniett'i'H in Ien){tli ; radial vein lioforc fork inn widt ly (list ail I froiii iiiarjjiii I. ('. sihniin. Sniallor HiK'ricH ; tlic ti'^jiniiia iiicaMiiriiif; less tliaii tun niilliiiuitcrs iu lonj^tTi ; radial vein huloiii fork inn only niiidnniltdy diMtant. I'loni tlio margin -J. C. OHtrirta. Togmina trausvoraely buudod 3. C, auffwatu. I 318 • TFRTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. CkRCOPIS 8ELWYNI. PI. 2, Figs. 14, 15. Cercoph xelieym Sciidd., Rep. Progr. (ieol. Surv. Cuu., 1877-1878, 184B-18f>B (1879). A jmir of nearly perfect tefrniina, reverses of each otlier, represent a species allied, but rather distantly, to the giji^antic species of Cerco|)ida described by I leer from Kadoboj. It diti'ers from them all in neuration, in the form of the costal border and of the apex. The portion of the wing below the straight snttira clavi is broken away. The basal half of the costal margin is strongly and rather uniformly arcuate, but more strongly close to the base ; the apical half of the same is nearly straight ; the apical margin is a little obliquely and roundly excised, gently convex, the tip roundly angulated. The costal vein parts from the conmion trunk close to the base and follows close to the margin, terminating at about one-third way to the tip : the radial vein is directed toward tlie middle of the outer half of the costal border, until it forks, a little before the middle of the wing, when both straight branches run subparallel toward the tip; the ulnar vein also forks once, half-way between the base and the fork of the radial vein, and its straight branches, with those of the radial vein, subdi- vide the outer half of the wing sul)e(pially, all being evanescent toward the apical margin ; the sutura clavi reaches as far as these veins are visil)le. Length of wing, KJ..")"""; l)readth of wing at tip of sutura clavi, .">"""; length of sutura clavi, 14""". Nine Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 64 and 6.'), Dr. G. M. Dawson. Geological Survey of Canada. 2. CeRCOPIS A8TRICTA. PI. 7, Fig. 1.^. Reverse and obverse of the greater part of one of the tegmina of a much smaller insect than the preceding represent this species; no part of the clavus is preserved nor even quite up to the sutura clavi. The costal margin is very strongly convex, the curve being strongest in the middle .so as to ap|)ear bent: the apical area is ecpialK full al)Ove and below, or only a triHe the fuller above, the margin strongly convex. The ci>stal vein can Mi»t i)(' made out, and the radial is almost equidistant from the margin, a'ld relatively otdy about half as far as in the preceding species, before it f u HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— GERCOPID^. 319 forks, when, after reaching^ their widest, the two forks run exactly parallel to the costal niaroin, tiidiii<»' in the darker outer third of the whig; the bi-anches of the ulnar vein originate as in the last species, and are parallel to the radial branches, all being also equidistant. Length of tegniiiui, \)""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 110 and 125, Dr. A. S. Packard. 3. Cercopis suffocata. PI. 1», Figs. 2, 3. A single one of the tegmina of an insect with the clavus gone, but very different in its markings from anything known. Its sim])le neuration allies it directly with tlie otiier species referred here ; the radial, Iiowever, is dis- tant throughout from the nuu-gin. The costal margin is very regularly and considerably convex, and the apex very strongly rounded, produced, and almost pointed. A liroad and uniform belt of dark color follows the costal margin at the base for nearly two-fifths it. course, in striking contrast to the generally pale color of the wing, and distally joins a similar transverse and slightly oldique bar crossing the wing as far as the sutura clavi ; all the base of the wing, dark or light, is finely and distantly punctuate, as shown in Fig. 2 ; a sectmd transverse and similarly oblique dark band, slightly broader, crosses the wing just befo.e the apex, its imier border just striking the tip of the sutiu'a clavi. Length of tegmina, 8..5'""' ; breadth at tip of sutura clavi, 3""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 2()2. PETROLYSTRA Scudder {TreTpu?, Lystra, nom. gen.). I'ftrobiHlrii .>9-.> ( 18ft-.). Two nearly jjeifect specimens, reverses of each other, were picked up by a child just as I reached the (piarries at Florissant, on my first visit to them, and another, a fragment of a wing, was afterward found in the same place. The head was apparently diirk-colored, the thorax not so dark, delicately and softlj- shagreened, with a slight median cni-ina 11ie tegmina are almost similarly rngulose; the costa of the same is prett}- .strongly con- vex at base, very slightly convex beyon tho inner basal edge of tho winsf, and distant from tho root noarly half the widtii of tho wing: it also infringes upon tliiit bordoriiig line by a largo semicircular excision in the niichlle ; the apical spot is very noarly as long as broad, and stops just short of the margin on all throe sides of tho fipox, and in the middle of tho wing breaks through tho intervening dark stripe into the outer of the two middle Ijands ; the.se two middle bands are also much broader than in the other species, but not to so grtjat a degree as tho extreme l»ands ; they reach from border to Ijorder, and are unitoil to each otiier and to tho basal spot along the sutura clavi : the wing thoroforo has tho appoaranci; rather of being pale, with three transverse durk strijios, wiiich are broad (and tho outer two triangular) on the anterior half of the tegmina, narrow, sinuous, and broken on the posterior halt. IIKMII'TKKA-HOMOPTKHA— CEUCOriD^E. 323 Lerigtli of tegmiiia, 28.2ry""' ; width at base, 10.8"'"'; at tip, 7.2"'"'; length of fore femora, 4.5""" : fore tibi.T, f)"'" ; fore tarsi, 2.75""" ; first tarsal joint, 0.8"""; last tarsal Joint, 1.7'""'; claws, 0.5'""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 11829. LC){JHn\t^]S gen. nov. (Loeris, uom. gen.). Hody stout. Head large, protuberant, well rounded, not angulated in front, though subtriangular. Thorax transverse, more tiian twice as broad as long, truncate both in front and behind. Scutellum moderately large, equiangular, the angles sharp. Tegmina large, full, about two and a half times longer than broad, with strongly ciu-ved costal margin, tapering con- siderably in theii- apical half, the apex roundly angulated ; the radial vein forking well before the middle of the wing and before that widely separated from the margin, midway between which and it the costal vein runs ; ulnar vein much as in the species here referred to Cercopis. Hoth middle and hind femora are about two-thirds as long as their respective tibi:r. Abdo- men stout, tapering conically in the apical half. To this genus evidently belongs Cercopis haidingeri lleer from Radoboj, Croatia, which is slightly larger than the larger of the two species from Florissant we place here. Table of the species of Locritea. LiirgorHpecies; tegmina uniformly mottled in generally diatribntcd blotches 1. L. copei. Smaller species; markings of togniiua confined to obsenro transverse darker bands in the basal two- thirds of the wing 2.L.whitei. 1. LOCRITES COPEI. PI. 21, Fig. 19. In one of the specimens referred here, the one figured, the dorsal sur- face is shown, but wilh many of the ventral parts showing through. The tegmina, however, as in many of the insects from Florissant, appear as if bleached out, and the real markings lost; for tlie.se we have to go to the second f.pecimen, preserved upon a side viev, which shows a delicate mot- tling of dark, circular or transverse, minutt spots, more or less clustered into larger but still small roundish blotches, pretty evenly distributed, but absent from the extreme tip ; the sutin-a davi is verv distinct and heavy, I 324 TEKTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMRUICA. and the whole of the clavus obscure. The head, thorax, and scutelhim appear to bo uniformly and deeply sulcate (or carina ■ if No. 9374 is an obverse). Length of body, 1.^)5"""; of tegniina, 14"""; breadth of thorax, 5.6"""; combined tegmina, 10""". Named for Pr )f. E. D. Cope, of Philadolphia, tlio distinguished and versatile paleontologist aiul collaborator of tiie llaydon Survey. Florissant. Two specinieu.s, Nos. 9374, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1.903. 2. LOCRITES WHITEI. PI. 21, Fig. 17. The single specimen and its reverse represent the dorsal surface of an insect with closed wing?. The head is relatively broader than in the last species, with a similar though much slighter mediodorsal sulcation ; the ocelli appear to be nearer together than to the eyes. The body is black, and the tegmina dark fuliginous, but permitting the bhick abdomen to be seen through them ; the distal half appears to be uniform, but the ba.sal half to be transversely banded by broad darker bars, between which and between the basal bar and the base the tegmina are slightly lighter than the normal grotmd, accentuating the bands. Length cf body, 13.25"""; tegmii , Pi""'; breadth of thorax, 5"""; combined tegmina, 7"'"". Named for my colleague, Dr. C. A. White, one of the paleontological collaborators of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8313 and 8314. PALECPIIORA gen. nov. (rraAa/o?, eutpopd). Allied to Triecphora in ueuratiou, but with a more .slender habit and relatively far smaller diivus. Head suborl)icular, about half as broad as tiio thorax, the front well roinider), in no sense angulate, with a slight longi- tudinal carina; ocpjli posteriorly |)laced. much nearer together tliaii to the eyes. Thorax rathi-r bntadcr than long, tlie front and posterior margins truncate, the sides annulate, .so as to be as a wholi* transversely hexanguhar, but more or less roundtjd, .so as often to appear sul)orl)i(rnlar ; marked indis I . HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEBA— CERCOPID^B. 325 tiiictly witl» a faint mediiui siilcatioii and in the middle of the lateral halves, anteriorly, with posteriorly converging similar carina;, to be seen only in clear specimens. Scutellum moderately large, snbequiangular, slightly broader than long, the sides faintly concave, continuous with the angles of the thorax, the base truncate^ the tip sharply pointed. Tegmina long oval, the clavus occupying not more than a fifth of the whole, which is fully two and a half times as long as broad, tapering only at the extreme tip and roundly pointed slightly above the middle line, the costal margin pretty strongly convex ; the costal vein appoars to bo lacking; the radial with its outer fork runs in one continuous line parallel co the costal margin through- out and at a moderate distance from it ; its inner fork parts from it a very little beyond the middle of the wing, the ulr.ar forking considera,bly before the middle ; all these branches parallel and united by subcontinuous cross- veins parallel to the apical mr.rofni, from the middle of each of which the lon- gitudinal veins continue to the margin, one or two of the upper ones (and especially the second) usually widely forked, forming apical cells nearly a sixth the length of the wing; besides this, straight but rather strongly oblique cross- veins connect the upper radial branch to the margin; all of this minor venation is sometimes obscured by the opacity of the membrane. AVings a little shorter than the tegmina, of the usual form, the marginal vein continuous; second and third longitudinal veins united by a straight cross- vein beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the second bent down to meet it ; third and fourth similarly united scarcely beyond the middle of tlie wing, the fourth deeply forked, almost to the cross-vein, the lower branch abruptly curved at base. Legs short and slender, the fore and middle pair of nearly the same length, the hind pair a little longer ; all the femora and particularly the hind pair very short, not reaching the sides of the body, scarcely broader than the slightly enlarged apex of the tibia; ; tibiic longer than the femora, in the hind pair twice as long and with two pairs of vspines ; tarsi consideraldy shorter than the tibia\ in the fore and middle legs shorter, in the hind legs longer, than the femora ; in the hind legs the first joint is slightly shorter than the third, nearly twice as long as the second, the Hm^ and secoiid with short spines at the apex beneatli ; third joint at base half as wide as the second, enlarging in the apical half. Abdo- men full, long ovate, bluntly pointed. 326 TKirrrAKY iNHKrrs or noijtii amkrica. This gomis \h the most iibiiiKliinlly nipn'sontod in imlividiialH of any of the Hoiiioptoni of Fhirissant. It is also rich in spocios. In neuriition it iigreos very cUisely with Trit'cphora and Tomaspis, but is niucli slenderer than they, has a pattern of coloration (explained inuh'r tlie first species) pecuharly its own, while the hind tibia have two pairs of s|)ines, and tlu^ tarsi are apioally spinous in a similar manner. The len}>;th of the terminal tarsal joint and the orbicular form of the head are also characteristic. Six species have l)een recognized, which may be separated by the fol- lowinr of tlio basiil lialt'ol' llin win); 'i. /'. pnlrlnila. No baiiil lioriliTiii;; tlio iiprx. \'riiiH of till- liiri' win(;.s ilistiiut, rKporially llir noKS-vriti-. on llir oiiIit liiiif nl tlio insliil lioi- iUt; NpotH iiiiiiii'roiis anil usually dislint'l !!./'. miiri iiici. VeiiiM of till' fi>ri> wiiijj iiiilifttinrt, tlir spiit- iiNiiallv incur nr Ii-.sip1i-iiii'. only lliat iirar tlii fiiil of till! Mitiira c'lavi ilistinet. Most of tlio spots of tbo iimrKiiix "f iln' wiiij; 'iiuirabli' !> it olisniir, cxi'i'ptiii); as abiivr. * t. /'. comHiHiii*. Mont of till! spots of till' iniiigiiisnr tlio wiii^ wholly iililitoratcil, exrupt as i>biivi', but tin- base of tlio costa nsnally iiifiiKcati'il ."). /'. prirraleim. Of meiUiiiii size. Kor« wIukh niiicoloroiis t>. /'. innniiila. 1. PaLECPMORA MACl'LATA. 1*1. !.'(», Fi<;8. 10, 17. This is the most profusely spotted of all the Palecphora-. The bead and body are uniformly dark, and the wings inendjranous and without markings, but the tegmina are generally very distinctly and always very al)undantly marked with dtn-k fuliginous, subequal spots on a pale ground. There is a heavy basal striga on the costal margin, thickening distally, all within the basal fifth of the wing, and accompanied by a triangular oj)])os- ing cloud on the .sciitellar margin, reaching the tip of the scutellum and leaving between it and the l)asal striga only a narrow, longitudinal strip of pale ground at the base of the \eins; next the opening of this, at the basal parting of the veins, is another longitudinally triangular spot ; at the middle of the wing, seated on the costal margin and on the sutnra (davi but not invading the clavus, is a pair (»f further spots subtjuadrate or subtriangu- lar. their apices directed i>bli(|iii'l\ inward .nid towards the apex; in the IIKMIl'TKlJA-IKXMOI'TKUA-CEUOnU.*}. 327 same modian region is anotlicr suhrjiiadratoHpot in the clavua seated on the margin and generally limited interiorly by the anal vein, along which it may send shoots in either direction ; at eqnal and not great distances from the apical n)argin is another pair of transverse siibquadrangular spots close to but not fairly seated upon the costal margin and sutura clavi, which are sometimes connected by a narrow fringing band wliicli hugs the apical margin, though this band is sometimes reduced to an apical cloud which barely reaches the sjmts on either side. The spots may thus bo designated as basal, subbaaal, median (costo-median, suturo-niodian, and clavo-median), subapical, and apical. The neuration of the tegmina can rarely be distin- guished exce))t in the most general way as regards the main veins, but where the markings are most obscure, as in specimens which have some- what of a bleached appearance, the minor neuration of the apex of the wings can be discovered faintly. Length of body, lO.r."""; of tegmina, T.f)"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 3.5°"°. Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 022, 3016, 345H, 3534, 3734, 5344, 11237, 13324, 13557, 16351. 2. PaLECPIIORA PATEFAf'TA. PI. 7, Fig, 7. In this species, the only one yet found elsewhere than at Florissant, the markings of the tegmina are much the same as in P. maculata, but are somewhat reduced, and, what is moi-e remarkable, the subbasal spot is ab- sent ; this point seems to be sufficiently clear, tliough the outspread teer- mina are preserved in a fragmentary manner, curiously most perfect just where the spots occur, as though the pigment bore some part in tiieir pres- ervation No veins are visible. Length of body, lO™"'; of tegmina.8.5'"™; breadth of thorax, 3"™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 and 143, Prof. Leslie A. Lee. 3. Palecphora marvinei. PI. 20, Figs. 11-13; PI. 21, Figs. 9, 12. This species is remarkable for tlie great distinctness with which ordi- narily (the considerable distinctness invariably) the complete neuration of the apical half of the wing is seen, as described under the genus. The 328 TKirriAKY iNaKtrm of north amkhioa. innrkln^s of tlm t<';jfiuiiui iiro iiHiiiilly very distinct, ort|»i'('iiilly tliosc of tlin inner marfirin, wliero the Hultiipiciil spot is most conspicuous. Both ))iihu1 spots iiro present, l>ut tlio scutollar much reduced jiiul often obscure; the subbasal is always absent, as far as I liave seen: (»f tlie mudiun spots tlie costo-niediau is never present, and tiie sntuni-mediau y;eneraily obscure, often removed away from the suture and frcMpiently absent, while t)'" chivo-modian is always present and {generally distinct ; the snbapical spot of the costal margin is lu^'cr more than faintly indicatoin .seen at all, except the basal one, the costo-median being almost invariably absent and never conspicu- ous, being wrongly represented as of nnich too deep a tint in Fig. 3 ; the subbasal spot and apical band are never present, and the suturo-median spot is never more tl..ji a faint cloud. Length of body, 9.2.'»""" ; of tegmina, 7..'j""" ; breadth of thorax, 3"'"'. Floris.sant. Thirty-four specimens. No.s. l.")!t, 20S7, 4476, 475!t, 5189, 5720, 5862, 5911, 59.50, 6524, 6636, 74116, 8037, 8()!»8, 8894, H937, 8969, 9218, 10681, 11009, 11767, 12468, 12471, 12984, 13000, l;{568, 13570, 13577, 13580. 13581, 13584, 14187, and of the Princeton Collection 1.320, 1 826 and l.s;{(i. . HKMIl'TKUA— llO.MurTKItA— (JUKCOIMD.K. 329 f). PAI.Kf'l'lloKA HK.V.VAI.KNH. I'l. L'O, Fif;. I : I'l. '-'I, V\n. 'J. riiis spt'cios, l)y tar tlin most (■(niiiiioii of iill tlif llomoptura of f'^loriH- muit, is K)UHt liouvily timrkod iimoiiff till tlioso Pul(Mi|)lioriii which nhow phiiiily tho iiit'onorsuhiipiciil spot. 'I'his is iiMimlly present, and soinotimes, thou;4'h very rarely, distinct, whilo tlu* otluM- spots are almost wholly (discurod or appear as (doiids, except, indeed, the snperior costal spot, which appears as a thickeiiin};- of tho base of" tho costa sli}>htly enlarffed distally, and is rarely ahsent, usually t(deral>ly distinct, almost always slender, and tho costa is souuitimes a little thickened l)eyon(i the enlart. The species is oue of the luryest in size, hut only to a sliyht degree. Length of body, l().r)-ll"""; of tegmina, 8'""'; l>readth of thorax, ;j-3.5""". Florissant. About .seventy-tive s))ocimens, aini.ng which tho best are No8. r)4;», 820, 1304, 'MW'i, r)2.-.!>, WO.W, GS(I7, 7742, 8008 and 8081, 8035, 10383, 11236, 117(i2, 13.')67. 1357fi, and from the I'rinceton Collection 1.710, 1.838. G. Paleci'hora inoknata. IM. L'a, Fij,'. i">. In striking contrrt.st to tlu* other species of Florissant I'alecphone, this species ia represented by a single specimen, which differs greatly from them. It is of considerably smaller size than the others (which are very uniform in this particular), and shows but the faintest tra(;e of markings, while tho whole of tho tegmina is fuliginous instead (»f pallid, with scarcely percepti- blj- darker tones at tho extreme tip (not given in the figure), and at the position of the inferior subapical and costo-niedinn spots; the sutiira davi is distinctly marked by a dark line. Length of body, 7.5""" ; of tegmina, 6""" ; breadth of thorax, 2""". Flori.ssanf. One specimen, No. (]09, ]AT\lVX:V]U)l{\ iiiidillr ; tlin (umtal iniir^riii iiImo {k niiicli tlii(>k<.>n<> III It'ii^t iiniicil willi nIioi'I Itristlcn : llioiinrli tlin Hiilmtaiico oC flio t(i^iiiiiiu i^ trillions, |ici-iiiittiu^ tlm voiiiH nt' tlio win^M hoiioiith tliciii to III* n'lulily vLsililf, nt Icnst in llicir lowrr half, tlio wlu)l(» in iniimtoly tlioiifrli t'ct'lily iiinl ilistaiitly |MiU(>titiit«>, iiioif foiispicuoiiH on tliu baHal than the apiciil liiill' 7'fiA/c oj till «;nT(f« of l.ilhfi iihoril. ('natal innrKiii of It'KiiiInn ilirKiiiiiiii\vitli I hi- i'ii«tal iiiiti'KiMliiinfli'il jiiiil A larxt' palliil patt'lijimt lioyondtlieiiiiilillv.l. L.tfllnna. TeKiiiiiia w llli tlir inNiiil riiaiKin tlil< Kini'il lull not ))rl'liaiia. Cimtul iiiar^ii. <•( Ir^iiiliiii nut ilinliin tl.v I Iiii'Im'IhmI. Ti'({iiilna » It limit iimtal iiiarkiiiKit U. I., uniinlor. Ti'tcuiiiia with lontul iiiiirkiUK>* 4. /.. murntii, 1. lilTHKCl'HOKA MKTIQKRA. I'l. ^'0, KiR. Ii2. A Hiiijj^lo Hpof'inioji is known, ol)taint'""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.121, l'riiu;eton Collection. 2. lilTHECt'noRA UUPHANA. I'l. '21, Kit,'. »•<• A siii if the wings show through them |)erfeetly: the costal margin is nearlv straight, but has a slight and constant conve.xitv, so that the two margins are not ipnte paralii I ; this same mariiiii is much thickened, nion^ so in the IIKMII'TKUA-IIO.MUI'TKUA (KIM nl'lhr,. :!81 liatiiil liiilt' tliiiii tlic iiiIkt h|ic(>i(tK, hut tlii'ir is no himm >,( H|)in<)UH luiirH, iumI tlio tc^iiiiiiii tint ninrc puiiitcil at tip l,i)ii<,'tli of body, S ; t.l' tt^^iiiiiiiii. 7 '; hrciultli of tlmniv. 2.76""" J''loiiH«iuit. Oiitt sjx^ciincii, No. .10. .'{. LlTIIK(;iMK)KA I'NICOLOK. PI. 21, l-'iRH. ». 5, II, M. Tills sooiuH to bo an abiiinlaiit himm ics, it' all tbo HpcciinciiH 1 Imvo n*- forre«l t(» it biilong heni, but not a «iii}iil(* oiKt is woU [jroHorvod, ami if cor- rectly placed it must liavcj boon an exceptionally derKrate insiM-t. 'I'lu; most that can lio said of it in distinction from theotlifr species is that the fcjiinina ant shmder, I'ldly three times us lon^^as broad, with tohtrably distinct veins thron<4'hout, thti <'(»stal border sli;^htly eiirvod at oxtrtsme base and jfradiudly tailing; to join the apical mar' to a certain extent the markings characteristic of Palecphora-. The tegmina are slender, nearly three and a half times longer than broad, with the costal border strongly shouldereil at base and scarcely declining at tij), the apex broadly and synunotrically rounded and in no way prodiu'cd : the venation is very feeble ,ind t'ltf markings, dark on a light ground, consist of a basal ciKstal striga and two cloudy transverse streaks, only on the costa at .dl distinct and there obscure, ne resting on the sutura, its inner edge at the center of the wing, and a triangular one, its base seated on the (M»stal margin and its apex about the ceTiter of the circular spot. Length of body, T.T.')'""; of tegmina, (i""; breadth of thorax, 2..')""". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 888G> 9l!t8, 11774, and from the Princeton CoHecti.-ii, l.f)()4. (i UEMIPTERA— UOMOPTBKA— (JEKCOJ'IU^E. 333 61 Subtiamily APHKOPHORIDA Stdl. Very few fossils liave been referred to this group of Cercopidse, as com- pared witli the other, althougli in temperate regions at the present day the Aplirophorida are in excess. Heer and others have described a mimber of species from the P^uropean 'J'ertiaries, both in the rocks and in amber, and these have all been referred to the single genus Aplirophora. There are, however, a number of others regarded by Meer as si)ecies of Ctrcopis, winch must c(Mtainly be referred to the Aplirophorida, if his figures are at all cor rect ; such are C fasciata and C. pallida, probably also C. oeningensis and perhaps C. rectelinea. The same is true of Germar's C. n;plrena from amber. As already stated, the species from Florissant 1 formerly regarded as related to Ptyelus turn out to be true Cercopida, but there nevertheless appear at this same station not only an ol)scure form temporarily referred to Aphro- phora, but two other forms of considerable interest, one of which aproors to be a distinct type, which I have called Palaphrodes, with several species, most of them tolerably abundant ; the other, a single specimen, which must be referred latitudinally to the highly specialized existing Clastoptera. PALAPIIHODES gen. nov. (TraXaio?, dtppcUhf?). Stout bodi(;d, of oval form. Head well rounded in front, nearly twice as broad as long, reaching on either side posteriorly tlie more sloping por- tion of the front of the aiitenorly angulate and rounded thorax and there- fore considerably narrower than it. Ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes. Thorax hexangular, the lateral sides the shortest, and after that the central portion of the posterior border, which is .slightly shorter than the oblique portions, the whole thorax half as broad again as long and notcari- nate. Scutellum rather small, e(iuiangular, all the sides straight or the lateral slightly concave. Tegmina broad oval, but little more than twice as long as broad, the costal margin strongly arched, the apex rounded but more or less acuminate, the neuration nnu-h as in Aphrophora. Wings ample, well rounded, with no apical emargiuation, a little shorter than the tegmina; t(ie second and third and also the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins united by straight rransver.sc or oblique cross-veins at equal distances from the margin, at about the end of the middle third of tl!(> wing, the third and fourth by a similar vein at al)out the center of the win<>-. I J 334 TKUTIAKY INSKCTS OF NOIiTH AMKUICA. This genus soeuis to full somewhere oetween Cephiaiis and Avernus, but the structure of the hind legs is not known. It was an abundant type in the Florissant basin, five spei'ies being already known, most of tlieni by a considerable number of examjdes. Tabic of the iipecicii of I'liluphroilm. Middle nl' tlio t«giuina triiversi'd, at least on the co.stnt ed^c, by ii hliick intiid ; iio loii); boso-cootnl Ntripo. Middli- stripo of teginiiia liistiiu'tly traversing tli<> wiiin' trntmvoi'sel.v witlioiit chiingo of bruadth : iioiirution diRtinct 1. /'. oiiiitn. Middle stripe (if tegmiiKi not distiiirtly tniversing tliti wiiig triinsverailj willioiit. change of lireaillh: nenration indistinrt. Middle Htripo of tegniiiia eoiiliiiiMl to n spot on tlie costal edge and thix nsiially Homewhiil obsoiire 8. P. obifiira. Middle stripe of tegininn directed obliqncly outward. Snliapical costal stri[ii' of tcgmina inxli'rately oblii|iuiaiid inodtu'ately broad, with irregular iiiarginH W. I', irreifularh. Snliaiiical costal stripe of tegniina very oblique, very slender, with sharply ilelined straigbl margins 1. /'. ohiiiiiin. Middle of the teginiua traversed by a palu band ; a long aud broad baso-custat dark stripe. 5. /'. tranarerHa. 1. Palaphuodks cincta. ri. 20, Fig. 10; IM. 21, Fig. 15. Body uniformly dark coloreil, the incisures of the abdomen i)aler. The species is distinguished by the markings of the tegmina tind the di.stinctne.ss of the nenration, the latter due to its being traced in black throughout the apical half of the wing : the ground of the tegmina is pale, perhaps diapha- nous ; the base is blackis'-, making here a large triangular patch with verv irregular outer outline: across the middle of the wing, separateil from the basal patch by the length of the latter, is a broad, etpial, straight, transverse, blackish stripe or bar often deepest in color on the costal half or becoming fuliginous on the iiiiu'r half; its edges, and especially its upper, are tolerably straight. It is followed at an eqiiiil distance on the costal margin by ii slender, oblitpie, black, and narrowing stripe just be^fore the apical cells, generally rumiiiig iil)i)ut half-way across the wing, piirallel to tlu^ hind margin. Length of body. II..")""'" ; l»ieadth of tijorax, .'{.;5""" ; length (»f tegmina, X""" ; breadth ntclused tegmina together, o..")""". Floris.sanf. Thirteen specimens, Nos. -JOS, .")82, 6;iO«, 1 12; Palaphkodks thansvkksa. This species, represented by only a single si)ocimen, ditVers much more widely from the others than tliev among themselves, it is broader oval than they, and the mjokings are ipiite dilVerently located. The head and body are light inst(^ad of dark, with a .straight, hnuul, traMsver.>"'"'; of tegmina, S'""' ; brcadtli of thorax, 2.5""". Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 13(J0, 3102, 3474, 437U, 11008, 14022. VOL Xlll 22 j li 338 TEKTlAliY INSECTS OF NOBTU AMERICA. CLASTOPTERA Germar. It is not a little surprising to find in the Florissant shales a species of this highly specialized form. Apparently the teginina were not so remarkably convex as in modern types, but the presence of this genus indicates once more how thoroughly the ])re8oiit general features of insect form and struct- ure were established even as early as in Oligooeno times. It is the only fossil .species known. The genus belongs to the New World, and especially to the tropics, but at least a c juple of species are found on our southern Atlantic coast. ClASTOI'TKKA (.'« (MSToCKI. PI. 10 Fif,'. '-'-'. The head was mostly concealed under a flake of stone when the drawing for the plate was made, since removed; showing it to have had a front margin very regular!}- and very broadly convex, black like tin* very transverse thorax. The form of the dark, tcstacecnis scutellum is not (juite fairly given ill the plate; half as broad at base as the thorax, it is sharply and regularly triangular, almo.st or quite as long as the width of the thorax, and sharjdy pointed posteriorly. The teginina are about twice as long as broad, appar- ently nearly flat (wholly flattened on the stone), less than the apical third diaphanous, the remainder senncoriaceous and testaceous, the neuration obscured and even the sutura clavi scarcely perceptible, the davus appar- ently narrower and less broadly rounded at apex than in our living forms. Length to tip of tegnn'na, 2.S"""; !)readth across closed tegmina, 2"'" Named f(»r J. Henry Comstock, professor of entomology in Cornell University. Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. (!Gr»r>. Ovdin- lIlH:TKli()PTKKA Laticiile. Of the twenty families into which fossil Iletoroptera may be divided onlv five are remarkable for the abundance of their repnisentation in the existing fauna. The.se are the Reduviida", Capsida-, Lyga'ida', Coreidie, and I'entatomida- ; and these .same families are also well represented among the fossils, containingether about foiu'-fifths of the total heteroptcrous fauna. Indeed, the only other family which can be regarded as at all abundant in Tertiary times is the Phy.sapodes, the known species sur|)assing those of the HEMIPTERA— UBTEBOPTEKA. 339 Kediiviidii',. Of tlieso six fjimilies tho Lygrfidjp wore then tlio most abun- dant, contiiininfr a little more than 25 per cent of the whole, followed hard by tho Pentatoniidio with a little less than 25 per cent ; the Coreid* como next with 15 per cent, followed at nearly similar distance by the Car.^Idaj with 9 per cent. The I'hysapodes have 7 per cent and tho Reduviidaj only 4^ per cent, mainly because America is so strangely poor in this group, having indeed but a couple of species, the only groups at all common in America being tho four with the highest percentages. Here the relative per- centages in the two worlds are very different, as will appear from the follow- ing table, the Lygaadje having 33 per cent of the whole American fauna against 19J per cent in Europe ; the Pentatomida! 24 per cent in America against 25^ per cent in Europe, these two striking contrasts combining to give the Lygicid.-u the total preponderance, hitherto enjoj-ed by the Penta- tomiche ; the Ooreidix; 22 per cent in America against 9.^ per cent in Europe, and the Capsidai 9 per cent in America against 10 per cent in Europe, Summary lut of knoxon fottil ITeteroptera. Faiiiilifls. Corixidi;' NotoiK'ol 'n>... Nopidiu Bolostoiiiatidtu Naiicori(la) Galgiili(lu) Saldidii! Veliidiii Hydrobatidii' . . Liintiobatidiit . . , Eeduviidai NabidiD Ar.ididip Tini;ididn! Acantliiidii' CiipHidio PliysaiiodcH IjJUiridin Cort'idm I'entatoiiiida; ... North America. Genera. I Spooiea, Total. a 1 I •2 •;> •2 :! 1 7 :i 14 U\ 80 Europe. :! 1 I 2 ;< » ! 2 •0 ;t 1 i:i ;i .■)! :!4 :t7 154 Genera, Species 1 2 1 ^^ 2 I 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 '^ 2 7 14 2 7 1 5 4 ."i 13 20 4 21 ;iu 12 19 14 .'■.I 77 201 ' What I formerly thought to he Arudidffi tiirnoil out to be Mjodoohin». ] 340 TEUTIAUY INSE(r:s OF NORTH AMERICA. Of tho otlior Hinallor familiort the only ones which surpiiHS more than five known fossil species in all are tho Naliiihe with seven species and tho Tini^iditltc with eight ; of these there have been found in America no Nabi- dii! whatever and the smaller half of the Tingididii*. Other families not found in America are the Nepida\ Helostoniatidie, Nuucoridie, Saldidje, Liumoba- tid.T, and Aradida*, all but the Saldidie having' more than one species in Europe. On the other hand the only family found in America and not in Europe is the Acanthiidai with a single species. The remaining smaller families represented on both (u^ntinents vary in their numbers from one to three in America and from (»ne to four in Europe. If, however, we omit from this enumeration the forms which have been found in amber, and thus compare those (»f the rocks only, as in the follow- ing table, we shall meet with somewhat different results. Table u//os»il lleteropteia from rock dtiioattH. Fikiiiilics. Corixiilin Notoiieutid;i>... N'i'pi HcloHtoninfid.'p. Naiicoridiii Giilgiiliilii" SnlilidiM Vtdiidiu Il.v .. Keduviidii' Nillii(l:i< Aradidiii Tingididiu AcniithiidK' C'up.iidu) l'li,V8.'ipndfH Ljgii!idiB Cort'idiii IVtituloiiiidiH . Total North Amoricn. Oonora. SiwcioH. o :i 1 7 :j II li: U 1 t a :i 2 » 1 i;» :i r,\ ;ti ;!7 i.-it Knropo. Ocnora Spouieg. 1 'i 1 3 o 3 1 2 2 'i 1 1 1 1 1 1 IJ 2 5 1 • > 3 4 () 1 1 4 18 1) 37 a IH M .^() .^.1 KiJ HEMll'TIiiBA-UETEUOPTEllA. 341 The principal change wliich may be noted here is the almost total extinction of the Capsida- in the European reprosontation which shows but a single species ; the Saldiila; and Ilydrobatidic do not appear and the Aradidic are notalily reduced. The greatest contrasts botween the Euro- pean and American rocks, with an almost equal total nur ■' jr of species,' is seen in the Capsida*, which have 8 jjcr cent of the total fauna in America, O.G per cent in Europe, and the Coreidaj with 22 per cent in America and 1 1 per cent in Europe ; these are the only cases of striking contrast in which the American fauna is the richer; the others are the Keduviiduj, 1.3 per cent for America, 7.4 per cent for Europe; the Nabida", none for America, 3 per cent for Eui'ope ; and the Physapodes 2 per cent for America, 11 per cent for Europe. The contrasted balance of the Lygividie and Pentatomida) is well seen, America having 33 per cent of Lygaidte and 24 per cent of Pentatomidro, Europe 23 per cent of the former and 31 per cent of the latter- Very little change appears in the smaller families (a relatively small number of which occur in amber) except in the entire absence of any repre- sentatives of Ilydrobatidaj and Suldida*, the former occurring in America. It is also surprising to see how little the larger families (with a single excep- tion) are affected by the new table, amber having but the meagerest possi- ble contribution to offer to the Pentatoniida', Coreida', Lyga'idic, and Physapodes, while the single exception noted above of the Capsidai is a startling one, amber furnishing nineteen of the twenty European Tertiary species It may be worth while to extend some of these comparisons in a differ- ent direction, that of existing American faunas. There are, I believe, but three opportunities for such comparison. First, Mr. Uliler's Check-list of the North American lleteroptera (188(1), wliicli embraces all species knowii at the time, including the I\Iexican and West Indian ; second, the same writer's valuable List c»f the Ilemiptc i of the region west of the Mississippi (1876), which represents particularly the geographical region of our Tertiary fossil lleteroptera; and, tiiird, Mr Distant's contribution to the Biologia Centrali Auiericana (1880-89), which has a decidedly more southern aspect than Uhler's general list. Distant's work has progressed only through the larger families (in reverse order to that followed here) and indeed at tliis writing the supplement to the tirst volume is not complete, and accordingly in what ' 111 I liu urmiiioratioii of tlm Kiuoimhui spnuiiis a connidor.vblo iiumbur ut'uudosvribed species are intro- Uucutl wliuiw proitenoo has been merely iuilicated by Htaterueiits uf ditforeut naturalists. 342 TKKTIAUV INSHCTS OK NOUTO AMBIUOA. ^'ollows I liiivo omitted nil coiiHiilumtion of that, to inako the coinpariHonM more tM|ual)lo. For tho 8aiiie ruaHoii, iit order to luso thu last work at all, I liavo instituted coinparisoiKs only between the familius there elaborated, and have used tho family jrroujKS in tho same sense as there, except only that I have regarded liis I'yrrhocorida' as a f^roup of L)j;a'ida'. These fonr families are indeed tho very ones, and, as will bo seen, tho onlv ones which assnme any importance in tho American Tertiaries; and a comparison of tiieir interrelation as to nnmbers can be shown succinctly by the following table, whicii exhibits the relative percentage of representa- tion of each of these families in the dill'erent reyions and times as represented in the published lists — tiie only available ones, and which may be supposed to represent, not tho numbers, but tho relations with tolerable accuracy: FuinilioN. Ainitrii'nii TtTliuiy. riil.T; WlwItTII LiHt. CapHi(lii< LyUU'iilii' Coruidii- Puiitatoiiiiila' Total ... !».0 :i7.8 ',Vi 1 •^7. •» tn». u 11.0 31.4 SiJ. 1 34.5 riilor; (icru'rul LiHt, DiHtaiit: Ci'iil rnl Anierk'ii. 25.0 19.2 •ii.e 34.1 !i7.:i 17.7 •Jl. 7 10(1. »» Ol*. !• Slit. ;i Tho correspondence of tho numbers in tho last two columns is evon less remarkable than the di.sturbance of tlie relative jiercentaj^es of the Cap- sidio and Lyfj^a'ida- of tho western list when compared w ith those of tho Amoriciin and Central American forms ; tho merest indication of such an overturn is shown in the comparison of the nearer American and the more distant Central American lists; but the overturn is still more complete and in the same direction when we compare tlu^ e.\istin;r and the fossil fauna of the West. The relative repn^sentation, then, of the fi»ur principal families of tilt! Tertiary Ileteroptera «»f the western half of <»ur continciiit agrees con- .sj)icuously better with the relative re|)resentati(iM of the existing fauna of the same geographical region than witii tliat of the other regions of the same world. Either the |)liysical conditions of the region in (piestion have remained since Oligoceiie times in the same relative contrast to those of the other regions uiider comparison, or the present Ileteropterous fauna of tho West shows a decided relation to tliiit which existed on the same ground in Tertiary times, or both. IIILMll'THUA— lIliTKKOl'TEUA-COltlXlU.E. 343 Art ill tlio lIoiiioptfTiv, anrl for tlio Hiiine <,'t'iK'riil reasons, it lias been found iuiponilivo t<» orttiiblisli in tlu; Ilcteroptoni a laij^c minilior of now gciicrii! {groups to treat tlimn on tliosaino principles tliat j^uidu tlio zoloogist. (Jliamctoristics of structure) in antagonism to tlioso provalont to-day in tlio saniu groups run throughout largo divisions, or oven faniilios, and uiust bo takon into account if wo aro to do justice to tlu) facits. Hringing those thus into protninoiico will servo the useful pur|)oso of stinmlating iiupiiry into their moaning and origin, which the data at present at hand aoeni iMade(iuate to explain. That many of these extinct types attained a high degree of diU'erentiation is rcfudily seen by a glance at the tabular view at the fiid of tlie volume, where a largo number of the genera will be found to have been represented by a half dozen or more speciea each, some of them at the time very abundant in individuals. Family CORIXID^ Douglas and Scott. This family, which first appears in the Tortiaries,' is very poorly ropro- sented there. Only two European species are known, one each from Oeningon and Stfisacheii. The latter species, very small and probably immature, is hardly recognizable oxcej)t as a water-bug of some kind. Tlnit from ( )eiiiiig(n, referred like the other to the existing and wide-spread genus Corixa, is intermediate in character between the two species of Corixafrom Florissant we are able to add here, liut the most Interesting form which we give lielow is the strange insect from Florissant, unfortunately but imperfectly preserved, which seems to comiiino some of the characters of Corixidie and Notoncctida-, and to form the type of a new genus, probably most nearly allied to Sigara. I,; I'ROSlGAllA gen. nov. (-rpo, Sigara, nom. gen.). This is !i very curious, robust, new form of Corixidte, which seems more nearly related to the* gerontogeic Sigara than tlie almost cosmopolitan Corixa. It is, however, clearly distinguished from either in the great size of the head. [This is given, however, as much too large in the plate, where the femur of the left foro leg is confounded with it.] The head is even larger than in the ' IJtiIcHH till' iiii(iil\ prcsfrvi i! trlaiij^iilar scutc'lliiui (n;,niiii liko N«»touocta) whoso [Histcrior sides are convex and the apex rounded ; it is only a littlo shorter than the thorax and alionf halt as hroad as it. The hunielytra arc liroiid and will rounded, the elavus very liroad, the meinhraiu) indistin- guishalde from the eoriuni, the apex well rounded, the tips of tho opposifo pairs overlappinni Kutsclilin, Uot^, aim Aix. The fourth is the species from Flor- issant, described belo.v. XOTOXECPA LinnJ. A single .small species of this genus has occurred at Florissant of a sim- ilar size as, but of a more robust form than, the s[)ecies described by Deicli- miiller from Kutschlin ; a second larger species has also been described by Ileyden from Hott, and a third ha:, been indicated by Hope from Aix. Existing species of the genus most abundant in temperate regions are found nearly all over the world. Notonecta emkrsoni. PI. 22, Fig. 11. A small species, r)f whicli possibly only immature individuals are at hand. The smaller showing the dorsal surface is certainly .so, and the other showing the ventral surface is not clearly determinable in this respect. The description is taken mainly from the larger. It is of a very regular oval form and is apparently mature, sii>ce on one sid(> is seen the edge of the iiemelytra, or what can hardly be regarded otherwise. Fiinges of combed hairs are (iircctid obli(|iicly backward on the sides of the abdomen, and the median forked line on its posterior portion seems to indicate the hcmelytral sutun; of the upper surfiico seen through the body. Tho hind legs arv_ of the usu;'.l type, tcririinating in a blunt point — blunter than appears in the figure, and are minutely fringed with delicate short spines. The femur, tibia, and firf^t tarsal joint are subc(puil. HEMIPTERA— nETEUOPTEKA— GALGULID^. 347 Length of body, 4.2'"'"; breadtli, 1.85"""; length of hind legs, 5.35""°. The species is named for tho Massachusetcs geologist, Prof. B. K. Emerson, of Amherst. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3857, 10729. Family GALGULID>€: Westwood. The only fossil hitherto known as belonging to this fami) ■ is i■^i 'nsect from the brown coal of Rott, described by Iloydon as a miio iiu'lor the name Linmocharcs antiquum, but shown by liertkau to be a galgulid, and ])rol>'il)ly only a larval skin of one at that, liertkau also regards the Flor- issant fossil, described above as a Thysanuran under tho generic name Planocephahis, as a very si-nilar creatuj'e and probably a larval galgulid, but in this I can not follow I'm ; nor are any other Galgulidju known among the mass of insects found at Florissant. In the similar beds at Green River, however, a single insect is preserved (all but the abdomen) which seems to present characters which show it to bo the nearest related to Pelogonus, which, however, I know only fiom description and the figuie of Dufour The present species is very remarkal)le for several points : the form of the head, the absence of any sign of eyes on the upper surface of the same (darker patches at the outer limits of the head probably indicate their exist- ence at tir's point beneath), the flattened body, and the long, rod-like legs, the front pair longer and larger than the others, but quite sip)ilar in char- acter (except for lacking a tarsal joint) and in lu) way rajjtoria! It shows certain resemltlances to Aphelocheirus, but on tho wholo seems rather a member of this family than of the Naucoridtr. NEC'YGOXUS gen. nov. {vihv?, yort}). Body \>ro-road as long, the front border strongly and uniformly r.)un(l( d, hind lx)rd(f? truncate, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes ap- parently wholly inferior, situated at the jxisterior outer angles. Rostrum long, lancet-shajX'^I. n-rf ^cry sharply pointed, the last joint aliout a fourth of the total length. Anteun;e long and sleiuler, considerably hmger than the width of the body, the last joint nearly as long as the tarsi. All tho legs long, slender, rod-like, similar, the femora nowhere swollen but twice 348 TEKTIAUY INSECTS Ol? NOllTU AMElilOA. ii !i as broad iis tlioir tibue, which equal or surpass them in length, the fore femora considerably longer than the middle pair; all the tarsi equal, but the fore tarsi two-jointed, the others throe-jointed, the joints of eacii sub- equal. This genus differs markedly from Pelogonus, to which it appears to be the most nearly allied, in the great length of the fore legs, which seem to show arelationsiiip to the Naucoridiv, though they are in no sen^e raptorial. It is also peculiar for the want of eyes upon the upper surface of the ijead. The legs are smooth. A single species is known. NkcYGONU.S KOTrNDATUS. I'l. 7, Fig. 8. Althougii the abdomen is wanting, the form of the anterior part of the body, with the anterior position of the legs, woidd indicate that the creature was of a short oval form, very likely twice as long as broad. The tlat body, both head and thorax, are <>f a slightly granular textiu'e, and of a du.sky color, uniforui for body and legr?, except that the head is slightly darker than the rest. Breadth of body, 3.5'""': liead, 2.5'"': length of head, 1'""'; rostrum, 2.(5"""; antenn;e (as far as preserved, detached from the body), 4""" ; fore femora, 3.2.5'"'"; tibi;e, 3.7.">'"'": tarsi, 1""^'; middle feuiora, 2.1h"""; tiWuv, 2.G5'"'"; tarsi, 0.9"""; hind tarsi, 1.2'""'. Green lliver, Wyoming-. One specimen, \o 107, Dr. .V. 8. i'ackard. Family VELllD.^ Douglas and Scott. Westwood states that spccit-s allied to Wlia oicni' in the Secondary rocks of Kuglaud, l»ut there is no tiixurc <>f them, and this is the only men- tion of their occurrence l)efor(' the T'M'ti;irifs. Siinilai'ly thcironly mention in the later series is bv iSerres, wIh' siiys that at Aix a species of "(mutIs' occurs which he compares to \'elia cunens. In our (»wn Tertiaries two species have oi'('urre(l, at I'"lori.ssant, ea.<'li apparently belonging to a dis- tinct ami extinct genus; these I have calle coiiliiiud (iiiirounliiigN of this genuH of Voliitlw, not to any MieoileruxHB of form. ! ri i !{ 1 ■ I i i 1 1 , 1 350 TEllTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. moderatoly Ini-fre eyes at tlio very base. Antonn.T four-jointed, about reach- inj; to the baso of the middle leji-s, the joints of nearly equal length, but the first and fourtli a little the loufjest and the second shortest, the first cylin- drical and moderately stout, the last oval, the others obovate and n little slenderer. IVonotuni faintly set off' trom the rest of the thorax as a trans- verse piece more than twice as broad as long, the thorax as a whole pentag- onal, the posterior border being subangulate and the posterior sides of the pentagon oidy slightly (»bli(|ne ; front margin straight and longer than any (if the others, though the thorax narrows forward rather rapidly. Legs short and .stout, the fore legs about half as long as the others, the hind i)air the longest, though the ini, L4"'"' ; tarsi, O.S"'". Florissant. Twenty-three specimens, No». 87.'>, HIH, 1934, 2!)3(J, 3020, 32()8, 38G6. i\4:*l, I'lG'h !)243, !»4!t!», 9563, y.")H9. 10344, 10G91, 10787, 1094.'), 12074. 1209S, 12<>99, 12930, 1402r), 14^)8L Family HYDRO BATID.^e Stal. This fimiilv was perhaps known in M^sozoic times. Oppenheim, iinlecd. figures two species which he refers tf» .. new genus Ilalotnetra, sup- po- ! to lieloiig here, liut which Deichmiiller has shown should be referred to the Acridii, among (Mhoptera. Perhaps here, however, l)eIong unfignred and unde.scril)ed forms trom the English nicks referred by Westwood to DEMIPTEUA— HETEROPTRRA— HYDROBATID.E. 351 Ilyclrometra Tn tlio European Tertiaries Gemmr figures two insects he regards as immature and as belonging to Ilydrometra or Ilalobates, or botli, and vvhicli also appear to belong to this faniil}-. liurnieister further says that Serres mentions a " chariicteristic Hydrometra" from Aix, but as a comparison will show, he has evidently written Hydrometra for Ploiaria, and that is quite another insect. In our own country we have a couple of sj)eciesfrom Wyoming and British Columbia belonging to an extinct genus, Telmatrechus, described below, related to Ilygrotrechus, found in the North Temperate zone of both worlds; and a species of Metrobates, a genus peculiar to eastern North America. TELMATRECHUS gen. nov. {TtX^in, rp^ym). This genus is closely allied to flygrotrechus Stal, and, combining as it does many of the features of this genus and Limnotrechus Still, may well have been the lineal predecessor of both. The antenniv have the first joint only a little longer than the second. The eyes are not at all prominent. The thorax is relatively shorter than in Ilygrotrechus. The legs are very long, the tibijv of each pair of legs about as long as the femora of the same legs, un equality which I have not found in any other genera of Hydro- batidic ; in the fore legs the equality is perfect ; in the middle legs the tibia; are slightly longer, in the hind legs slightly shorter, than the femora ; the hind femora are slightly longer than the middle pair ; so far as can be told from the imperfect remains the tarsi of the middle and hind legs are very much shorter than, not a half or probably a third the length of, their respective tibise. The posterior lateral edges of the sixth abdominal seg- ment are produced to a tooth precisely as in Limnotrechus. Two species are found in the western Tertiaries. TahU of the species of Telmatrcvhus. Itody Rtnnt, with nImoHt rognlnrly tapering abdouion 1. T. stall. Uudy Hluudur, witb nearly equal abdonieu, tapering distinctly only at tlio extremity.. .3. T. paralklus, 1. Telmatrechus stall PI. 2, Figs. 11, 12. JTiigrotrrrhm stSU Sciidd., Rep. Progr. Gool. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 18:t-184n (1879). The thorax seems to be shorter than in Ilygrotrechus, with the limits of the prosternum more visibly marked from .above ; the eyes do not ap- pear to be so prominent, and the first anteinial joint would seem, from the s I it f 1 f 1 i 1! i * ) 1 < ) i ■ 1. 352 TEUTIAUY INSKCTS OK NORTH AMKRICA. j)Osition of tho otliers, to bo shdrtor tlian in Hyf^rotrocluis. Tlio insect is of about thn same size as our II. remi""": of thorax, 5"""; breadth of anterior extremity of thorax, 1 7.")"""; of posti-rior extremity, JVo""" ; of sixth abdominal .segment, 2"""; length (»f fore femora, ."»"""; (»f fore tibia-, fi""" ; of middle femora, 12.."."""; of middle tibia-, 14"""; .ifhind femora, 14"'"'; of hind tibia-, 11.5'"'"; of first joint hind tarsi, 2..'{""" ; of abdominal lappets, 1..'}"""; breadth of himl femora, (».;(.'>"'"'; of hind tibia>, (».2"""; of hind tarsi, 0. 1 [)""•'. IIEMIPTEHA-MCTEROPTERA-HYDROBATIDiK. 353 I niiine this interesting species after my lamented friend, Dr. C. Stftl, of Stockholm, whose marvelous industry imd keen insijtrlit into the structure' oi Henn'pteni is known to all entomologists. Three miles up the north fork of the Similknmeen Kiver, British Columbia. Three specimens, Nos. 70, 71 and 72, 73. Geological Survey of Canada, G. M. Dawson, collector. 2. Telmatkeciius parallelus. PI. 4, Fig. 1. Two specimens are at hand, neither of them quite perfect. The species differs markedly from the pre.reding (with which it agrees iu size) in the almost perfectly parallel sides of the abdomen, which is of the same width as the thorax ; it tapers only on the last two segments. The head as seen on a side view is perhaps shorter than in T. stftli, and very much smaller thai, the thorax ; as there, both it and the thorax are minutely scabrous. The whole body is of a tolerably uniform dark testaceous color, and the segments of the middle of the abdomen are about equally long and broad, while in T. stali they are nearly twice as broad as long. I.ength of body, 20'""' ; breadth of thorax, 2.75"'- • of sixth abdominal segment, 2.2;V"" ; length of fore femora, 5-r).5""" ; fore tibia?, 5-5.-)""" ; mid- dle femora, 11-13"""; hind femora, 13-15""". Twin Creek, Wyonnng. Two specimens, No.s. 14601, 15076. METROBATES Uhler. A single species of this genus is known, inhabiting the eastern United States. A nnu;h larger and somewhat slenderer form appearing to belong here occurs in the Florissant beds. It was provisionally referred by me to Ilalobates before Metrobates was known to me autoptically. MeTROBATES .ETEKNALIS. PI. 22, Fig. 15. . Body considerably elongated, but solely by the prolongation of the Ujesonotuni, which is about twice as long as broad, thus separating at con- siderable distance the fore and after legs; the abdomen is no longer than VOL XIII 23 Si i I 'i 354 TKrtTIAHY 1N8KCTS OK NORTH AMKKICA. tlic width of tlu' thorax ,ni(l tiipcrs rapidly to a point ; tlio wiiij^H ar(( Hlcnder, j)iipa'tbrm, ovat« pads haviiifr u subl)asul circuhir macula, a ciMitral, htiif^i- tiuh'iial costal .strifia, and just licyoiid it u Htronjily ol)Ii(iii(', siihtriangidar, costal |)atch, all pallid on a Idackish irronnd ; these do not clearly appear on all specimens The head is not well pii-^'-rved oi' any "pecimeii. The lejjs are ver\ delicat25, 10723, 12782. Famiiy REDUVIID/E Stephens. This family, to which so considerable a share of our north temperate bufi's beloiiffs, is represented in the Kuropean Tertiaries li\ a innnber of species and ; to no less than five different subfamilies. All the ^renera are mtxlern types. 'I'he Heduviina are the more common, llarpactor liavinj.'' six species at Oenin<^'en and Kadoboj, Kvayoras one at Oenin^cn, while species of Keduvins (in a broad sense) are mentioned .'is occurrini; at Aix and in andter; the Piratina are represented by a I'irates at Hadoboj ; the Acanthaspidina by a IMatymeris in and)er ; the Stenopo- dina by two species of Stenoprda at Oeninj^en, and the I'lieariina by a IMoiaria said to occur at Aix. Curiously enouj,di, the family is very meiihtly more than that. Antenna- apparently seated on small j)rominences somewhat in advance of the eyes, the prominences with a small exterior spine; first joint longest, longer than the width of the thorax, second and third joints stibecpial, and a litth; slenderer and shorter than the scarcely incrassated terminal joint, tho whole nearly two-thirds as long as tho body. Thorax as a whole cuneiform, tapering forward regularly but not strongly, the sides almost straight, the tapering portion .scarcely shorter than its breadth, unarmed ; scutelluin very tapering, pointed, but hardly jn-oduced into a spine. Legs long and slender, wholly unarmed, similar in form to tIio.se of Opsic outer posterior angles williiii the black ntripo, and tlie whole thorax in i-atlier (listmitly ami heavilv pmu'tate with hiack ; the sciitt^Uiiiu is also liTeat- e»t, 1.7r)"""; of abdomen, -J.-i.'*""" : len<-th of antenna', 5.(!""" ; their apical joint, lor)"""; foro femora, 'i.fjr)"'"' ; middle femora, "J,?.")"""; hind feuioni, ;$.4"'"': hind tibiiu, 4.4."t"'"': tarsi, l.U)"""; first tarsal joint, ().!>'""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 1246!!. Suhliimily S.VICIN'A Si.il. Tho species describeil Ixdow is tho only oin of this subfamily which has ever been reco^rnizcd in a fossil state. 'rA(JAI.()I)KS fTcii. nov. (Taj^'aiis, nom. ^feii.). Hodv eloner than tho others, all the tarsi very short, verv slender, cvlindrical, armed with a pair of claws. .\ sinj;lc s|»ecies is known. .\ilied to Ta;:-alis .Stal, from which it dill'eis in the relative* brevity of the thorax and the abstMice of anv median constriction, the simple anj^'iilar po.sterior termination of the scutellum, tho }il)soiico of sjtiniilation on tho fore IIKMIPTHUA— IIKTKI.'OI'TK {A— TIN(ai)ll».K :J57 fomom, iiiul tlm cylimlnrul clmmcterof thn tiirmil joiiitH. Tiiffiilis 1« known to nut unl\- hy Still's ilortcription. TaOALODKH INEUMIS. ri. 'J((, Fitr. ir». lop ith th A sni;^lu specnnon i.s pn crv" il, s(!om on u dorsal view witn tnt* wniys of one sidi! lost, «)f tlm other partiiilly i-xpjintlcHl 'I'Iid lieud iind thorax aro very dark and unitbrni, thu homolytra with tlu* corinni, liko tho abchiinon, dark tcHtaceous, tho nioinl)raiio i)alo fnli^inous; the veins of tho niombrano show a pair of very (flony:attMl parallel loo|)8 ruiniiiij^ nunc than halfway to the niarjfin, the nppor tho Itroadcr and njoro distinct (tho lower not hIiowii on the plato). I^atcral o(l;jfos of tho scutclluni slifflitly inar;>;inatc', tho scntolhnu itself with faint transvcrso sidcations; snrfaco of iho thorax slifrhtly and broadly rn^iiloso. !jo<4's palf tostacoons, tho foiuora duskier toward tho apex. !.onj,'th of body, 11.7,'»"""; breadth, .'{,1"""; lon<>th of honielytra, 7"""; middle femora, 4""" ; tibiie, 4'""' ; tal-si, I""" ; hind tibia-, 5.8'""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. "JSKG. Family T1NGIDID>« Fieber. Nearly all the principal Kuropean Tertiary deposits have furnished a sinpi'lo, but only a sin;;ie, species of this family of delicate llemiptora. That at Aix is only known as yet l»v Serres's reference to a species of Tinj^is, which he compares t(» T «^ardni, now jdaced in IMiyllontocheila. Novak fij^nres a species of .Monanthia from Krottensee, Ileer a very obscure Tiiiyis from Uadoboj, and a species from Oenini»'en, well marked with loii^' antenna', in one phun; as a 'I'inji'is, in another as a Monanthia, which is more corrcctlv referable to the latter; but what is of g-reater interest is an amlier species referred to Tin;^is by Germar which belonj>s to the j^enus Eotinji'is estab- lished below for a l^'lorissant species, with exceptionallv lonj^- anteiuue. A species of .Monanthia also occurs at Florissiiiit, apparentl\ nearly related to the Oeuin^en form but with stouter antenna', and an obscure form from the same locality is probably referable to I'iesma. IMKSMA St. Far«>eau ami Serville. No fossils have heretofore i»een referred to this i>enns, which forms a }?roup apart aniousr tho Tini^idide, and which is bett(?r known in th'' « >ld '1 358 TMHTIAHY INHF, H|ieciinen i'roiu FltiriMsaiit N«-('iii.H to l)t> I'ct'i'niblu lii'i'o huttiT tliait elHcwIu^tv I'lKSMA If KOTCNDA. IM. LM, ViK. «. A Hiii;fl»' insect, poorly preserved, and Hliowinj,' u dornal \ii>\v is dnhi- (»nsl\ referred liere; it' correctly, tiien the c'Xtrenie convexity ot' tlie contid area of the henndytra is cliaracteristic of the species, as I lind no niocU'rn tvpe with so rotnnd a form. The head projects '-onsitU'rahlv in fnnit of tho ey»s in two parallel procosHi's nearly as lonjf as llu rest of the lu^ad ; the iiead is only a little narrower than tin* ipiudran^rnlar thorax, which is nearly u third l)roader than lon roiiiidod haHi* and ta|H-i'iii^>' inrwanl, the head iiirltidod, ^'iviii<;' it iiiiicli tli<> turiii of a Xya anion;: Ortlioptcra ; as in l'!(itiii;;'iN, tlicrc arc no lateral vcsicdcH ; tlic aitdonit'ii is oviit«« and liroadia' tliun tlic thorax. Antcnniu nuiirly uh lon^' an tliu width of the alMlonicn, orsli^^htly shorter than the head and thorax to^icthcr ; fii-Hf two joints similar and stunt, the first a littlt* lon;r(>i- than hroad, the second of ecinal length and Incadth, the third slender and eloiij^ateil, nearly as loiij^' jiH the thorax, the f<»urth elavate, is long us tin? first two together, but not quite so stout as they and as naked as the rest of the antenna. Ia'^m rather Hliort mid stout, the hind feiiiora just reaeliiiig tli<^ edge of th(> heinelvtra. These extend soinewliat heyoiid the altdoineii and are somewhat eoar.selv leticulati', liiseriatel\ arranged on the busul half of the costal area, triseri- at( ly beyond. Length of body, 2,7-.'("""; breadtlmf thorax, 1"""; abdomen, l.'J-l.l"""; length of antenna-, 1.1. '• '. Khu-issant Six speeiiiieiis, Nos 2:549, :\HH\, 4;!.S7, (i7H7, 7810, !)672. IO()'i'lN(jiIS gen. nov. (//«(?, Tingis, nom. gen.). Head triangular, about equally long and bntad ; antenna' of excessive length, almost as Imig as the body and very slender, the great length largtdy due to the |mdongatioii of the middle joints, the last joint very deli- cately enlarged so as to be faintly (davate, the club verv lung and slender. The ])ronotiiin is short, narrowest in front where it iMjuals the head, truncate both at base and a|H'x. Thorax ta})eriiig forward with no voicnlar t'lilarge- nients. Abdomen oval. Legs very long and slender, all the femora ot nearly ecjual length, the tibia' of similar length, the wdiole leg nearly as lung as the tegmina. These lire broad and very long, extending well bevoiid the body, irregularly and more or less tinely and uniforinU' reticulate tlirou"li- out, the broae former: it is well rounded posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, and smooth. Tlie hemelvtra extend far bi'Voiul the al)domen, and an* iillcd with an entirely irregular reticulation, in which the meshes are approximately of the same? size and of about the diameter of the antennal club : the longitudinal vein delimiting the cost d area runs parallel to and distant from the costal margin in the i)asal half of the lieinehtra, and ilien diverges gradually from it in a {rraceful curve. Jj(;ngrh i>f body, .'J.fi.')""" ; including tegmina, 4..")"""; of tegmimi, 3.7.')"""; breadth of thorax, l.l"""; length of jintenn.'u, 3.7.^y""' ; hind femora, 1.2o""". Floris.sant. Four specimens, Nos. 2';!t8, VMi'i, .5.')!)(J, lOTG.'J. Family ACANTHIID>E, Leach. Ill The only fossil tiiat has ever been referred to this limited groi-.p is the one described below. I H ?:M II'TE H A— H ETRKOPTEK A- C A I'SID^E. 361 LYCTOCORIS Halin. This jrenus, found in the north temperate regions of both the Old and New Worhls. Imt njore abundiint in tlie latter, has not before been found fossil. The single species from the Green River beds which we place here was formerly referred, doubtfully, to Rhyparochromus. Lyctocoris teureus. PI, 7, Fig. 20. Bhyparoohromimf tcrnus .Sciidd., Bui!. U. S. Gool. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 770-771 (1878). A single poor specimen apparently belongs to thi.-, "ubfamily. but is too imperfect to locate with any precision. Tiie body is of nearly equal width, but with a full abdomen. The head i . 1 roken, b'-t is as broad at base as the tip of the thorax, has a rounded- angjlar front, and its surface most minutely punctulate. The thorax was bro. dest behind, the sides tapering slightly, and gently convex, the front bordei broadly and shallowly con- cave, the hind border straiglil, more tlian twic^ as broad as the median length, the surface, like that of the head, witli faint distant [junctures. Scutellum rather small, triangular, pointed, of equal length and breadth, about as long as the thorax, its surf ice like that of the thorax, but with more distinct j,unctures. Abdomen full, well rounded, and very regular. Teg- miuii (>l)scure (but perhaps extending only a little beyond the scutellum). Length of body, i"""; of head, 0.6""" ; of thorax, 0.6"'™ ; of scutellum, 0.7"""; b.-eadtli of head, 1.1"'": of thorax, l..')""'; of abdomen, 2.1""". Greei: River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4192. Family CAPS1D.C \A/'estwood. With the exception of a Miris, rejjorted over half a century ago from Aix and never yet described, all the European fossils of tliis group known ui» to the present time are from amber. Thus Gravenhorst long ago referred half a dozen species from aml)er to Miris and Capsus, and Germar later described as many as thirteen species of Phytocoris from the same deposits. Tlu'se genera were then used in a far broadci' sense than now, and the iigures of Germar show at once that several genera are to be found among 362 TKRTIAUY INSKCrrS OF NOHTII AMiJUlCA. tliein. If wo were to base our jiid^iiieiit on the coinpiirisoiis with the mod- ern species wliich ({niveiihorst and (Serniar in nearly ever\- case instituted, wesiioidd readi tlie conchision that the Capsina alone had been found, and that no less tlian iialf the divisions which Renter foiuided in this subfaniily were present and a larj^e miinln'r of genera. Thus of tiie Playiofinatharia we have Harpocera ; of tiie Oncotylaria, lloplonmcluis (two species) and Oncotylus; of the Clylhu^ora.'a, /Etorhinus and Systellonotus ; of the Cap- saria, {'ai)sus, Orthops, anil Lygus ; of the Fhytocoraria, Hoinodenius, Diehrooscytus, and I'hytocori,-? ; and of the Loparia, Lopus; in all a dozen genera, and there is at least on*} other among tliose species figured bv Ger- mar which were unacconipan'rd by comparisons with modern types. In America we have four of these divisions represented, viz: CvJIoco- niria l>v Closterocoris; Capsaria by Capsus (two species) and P(ecil()cap- sus (live s})ecies); Phytocoraria by Aporema; and Loparia by Iladronema; while Hryocoraria, lot recognized in aml)er, is represented by two .species of Carinelus and one o\' Fuscus. Al! of these come from Florissant. It thus ap{)ears Wvt we may recognize among the fossils every one of the divisions instituted in the family by lieuter that iiave any considerable j)res('ut development of species, excepting only the .Miraria, and to cover the po.ssibilities of tiiis also there are two species of Miris not referred to mod- ern genera, one mentim.^d bt (iravenhor.st from and)er and one by Curtis at Aix. It may also be noticeil that the as.semblage of fossil forms shows as a whole a leaning toward .Vmerican types, more noticeable, however, among the American than the FiUropean form.s, the more striking being in the development of tlie Loparia and BrycK-oraria. Not loo miu-h stress, however, should here be placed upon these considerations, .is a reexamina- tion of the amber types is neces>ary oet'ore certain conclusions can l)e '""' ; fourth joint, 2.2'""' ; hemelytra, 6.75'""' ; hind femora, 3.(!.")'""' ; tibia-, 4.8.o'"'" ; tarsi, 1.15"'"'. Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2181, 2533, 4288 and 4369, 8864, 12l»7!), 12!I81, 14202, 16419. . Mi OARMELUS Distant. 'i'lie twt> species from Eloris.«ant described below agree so well in gen- eral features with the two species of this genus from I'anama tigured by Distant, and especially with V,. parvus, that 1 place them here, though they do not agree with his descriptions as regards the antemui', the second joint being relatively longer than he describes it, though no longer than given in both his figui'es. They are certainly iR»t far removed from Phytocoris involutus (rerm. from amber. Tahir of the npeciea of Carmelua, Tliiir.ix laii'.'iiiii; irijulaily with Htiai^lit i)li!ii|im sidn-s Tli(irii.\ more or leN.s tmiiiil, the hiperiiiH sidi's iliNliiictly coiiveK ... qravatiif ..'■i. (', sipouitus. m ^n ■ii 304 TBltTIAHY INSECTS OF SOUTH AMKlilCA. 1. CaKMELIIS (iKAVATUS. IM. 24, Fit;. H>. Iif)(iv very regularly oval, the hinder extremity the broader. Head triaiij^iilarly but rather broadly produeed in front i»t" the eyes ; first joint of antenna' a little shorter than the head, second about two and a half times ns loufj!" as the first, the sueceeding' tofjetheras long as the second. Thorax uniform fu.scous, darker or lighter in tone, the surface smooth, the base about two and a half times l)roader than the apex, the apex roundly and weakly emarginate, tlie base* gently and regularly convex, the sides oblicpie and straight. Scutellum dark, the lateral edges transversely pectinate, llemelvtra unifornd\ duskv excel apt 3pei ties of the cla.us and cuueus. I th .len-rtn, o l)rea(lth, 2.25" Florissant, l-^ight specimens, Nos. 'MW.), niiOO, 6220, 10418, 11230, 124r.7, 12475, 1420H. 2. CaUMKLUS SEI'OSITIIS. ri. 'M, Fiff. (!. iiody ovate, larger at the anterior than at the posterior end or of ecpiai size. Head scarcely advanced in front of the eyes, broadly rounded: first joint of antenna' about as long ns the liead, the second about two and a half times longer than tlic first, the siicccodiiig togjithcr as long as the second. 'F'horax nniforndy dark, the surface smooth, the base two and a half times as Ijroad as tiu' apex, tlu* ajjex gentlv, regularly, and roundly eni.iriiinate the 1 ja.sc verv ycntlv co »nvt'\, almost transvi-rse, the ((blii pie and narrowing sides distinctlv, sometimes «ronsi(lerably, convex, giving a rt>undness to the front of' the 'tody. Scutellum dark. Ilemelytra dark, slightly duskier at the ou'er extremities of the corium and cuneus, the membrane faintly fuliginous. L !ng rth breadth. 2.2" Floris.sani\ Three specimens. Nos. S20(;, 11017 and l.'5,5.'j?<. 12I0.1 FUS( rs Di.stant. To this genus, founded nn a species from (luatei'iala, I refer witlnniu-h liLsitatio;! a single ftu'm liom I'loris^ant. which bears a dose general resem- blance to the species 1 have placed in ('ariiirius, but has much shorter .mi .( f HEMll'Tr^RA— ni5TMI{(H'THUA-(JAP8II)yE. 365 1 i 1. stouter liind lojrs. The first joint ot tlio auteiiiia' of tlio fossil, however, is stoutor than in Fuscus and the second joint not so distinctly incrassated at the apex. Fuscus? F.KCATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 6. Head rather broadly annulate in front ; first joint of antennic distiiictly shorter than the head, moderately stout and uiuforni ; the second joint relatively slender, scarcely larger apically, about three times longer than the first. Rostrum reaching the co.xai of middle legs. Thorax ])unctate, blackish fuscous, posteriorly two or two and a half times as broad as ante- riorly, both base and apex nearly truncate, the sides oblique, straight. Scutellum of the color of tlie thorax, llemelytra dark, the color intensified along the inner margin of the clavus and at the outer extremities of the corium and cuneus. I^egs . f'yemonfii. Thorax imiielate ; leijiniii:i t'aiiitly iiiarkeil ; eiaviis clear y. /'. nttnaiitliix. Narrowiii;; niilesof thor.ix strai(;ht : xecoiid joint of aiittMiiia- much lessor iiiiicli more than twici^ as lon^ as the lirst. Second joint, of antenna^ Hcaroely lialf as hmjj ajiaiu as tlm first. Second joint of anfenuu' tlirei' times as loni; as tlie lirst. . IJ. /*. r('U'i-}toiSrs KREMONTM. PI. 24, Fi-. ;5. An elegant ami well niarkt'd species not distantly rehited to 1*. orna- tulnsfStal) of Mexico, , ■>/ dill'criiig in the markings and in the uniform tliorax. 366 TKUTIAUY INSKdS OF NORTFI AMERICA. 1 I Head unitormly dark, i\ui sides of the frontul ))roininen(;ii full ; biisul joint ofuntennnR barely shorter than the head, rather slender, a little thickened apicnlly ; second joint about two and a (jnarter times lonj^er than the basal joint, scarcely incrassated apically, the slender succeedinj^ joints to<^ether abont as lon^r as the second. Thorax more than twice as broad at base as at apex, the apex eniar^jinate, the base ref^nlarly arcnate, the taperinj^ sides distinctly thon Uocky Mitnnt- ains, (Jen. John C. Fremont. Floris.sant. Fiv(; specimens, Nos. 8631, f)5l)(), 122S4, l.'5r).'j4, and of the Princeton Collection, l.S4r». 2. PtKClLOCAPsrs VKTKIJAN'DUrt. ri. L*4, Fit;. ». Head lint slijxhtly produced in front of the (tves, dark; liasal joint of antenna' distinctly slu ' t<'r than the head, a little incrassated apically ; sec- ond twice as lonjf as the first, its jrivater si/e distally ilian proximally scarcely perceptible, the slender sncceeilin;; joints not fnllv ])reserve(l on either specimen; rostriuii nearl\' reachiiij,'' the hind coxa". Tiiorax fnllv two jind a li;iit times broader at b;ise than at apex, i)nt otherwise shaped exacthasiu P. f'remontii, the color l)lackish fnliyinons, the snrface pnnctate with moderately distant minnte bhu'k dots. Scntellnm of the (;olor of the thorax, llenn-lytra pallid thronj^hont bnt the inner eil<»'e infiiscatfil, jind slifi'lit infmn.ated spots ;it the onter tip of the corinm .ind cmuMis. I en'r th of bodv, .">.«"'"'; breadth of thorax, 2.1' lenifth of se(^oiid antenna! joint, 1. 1,'»" Flori.ssaut. Three sp.-. imens, N'os. si; IS, SStll, 117H.") iuid 1207<). 1 1 KM 1 1'TER A — IIKTKUOPTliUA— (JA PSID.K. 867 .'}. PcKCILOCAI'Sirs VKTEUNOSrS. Tliis H|)(3c,ieH closely resomhles P. freinoiitii, hut diflers Homewluit in niaikiugH atid much in the form of the thomx and the leiifrth of the second antennal joint. The liead, which is dark, is rather acutely produced in front of the (^yes ; hasal joint of antenna' almost as lon2. .'). P(K('ii iiillliiiii'ti'iH ill li'Tifjtli. I'iivd aiiKMiniil ji'iiit Hcirculy lini.nlir tliiiii I lie niciiiuI. I. r. olifiilifiiitiiH. Mnri' tliuii nix iiiillliiii-tfiK ill li'ii^tli. FirNi uiitrniiiil joint hull' iis iaroail a;;ain us tlir ncioiiiI. •J. C. laciiH. 1. CaphIjS oii.soli:kactu.s, IM. L','., Viti. l.i. Head small, coiisiderahh and trianitnlarly ju'odnced in front of the eyes, wherf it is aiiiridate; first joint of antenna' slender, of iilioiii the length of till- head, the seccuid fully twice as long as the first, slemlei, and il IIKMIl'TKUA— IlI-yrKHOI'TKUA— OAI'SID.K. m\) nearly Dcjual, tlu» followiii;; siibc({iiiil iiid to^otlicr l(>n i.nd nearly strai}^ht ; scutellinn mod- erately lary-e. L(';;.s slender lint not vtjry Ion}>'. Ilemelytru fuseotis like tlie body, the menilM-ane small and pale fnli^inons. Len}»'tli, 4.7:.""" ; breadth, l" Florissant, 'I'hree specimens, Nos. Sol, .'{4S(), 4h()i). 2. ( !aI's|S I,A( I'M. ri. I'li, Fi}f. li. Head snudl, romidly and not V(!ry stron^^ly prodnced in front of the eves; first joint of antenna' lather svont, nearly or tpiite as lonjf as the head, the second nnicii slenderer, ecpnd, as far iis preserved n«'arly twice as lonj^' as the lirst. Thorax very (d)scnrely pnnctate, truncate at either extremity or a little and roundly emar<>inat(i in front, the base more than twice, ])robably two an(i a half times, l)roa(ler than the apex, the sides stron""". Florissant. ( )ne s|>ecini('n, Xu. 12S. Al*()liFi.MA l'h\ tocoraria. The iiead, which has been unco\<'i-ed since the pliite was enjiraved, is less than half as broad as the thorax, but more than twice as broad as lontj-, and thurt exceptionally small. The thorax, alionf t\uce as broad as loii}^', is poste- riorh' truncate, while the front narrows rapiilly l)ut with a rounded curve to the narrow neck; it is not rarinate. The scutellum is of larj^e size, (■(piian«iidar, with perfectly straifjlit sides. The teiiinina are slender, with {gently eonvex costa, the apical niaryin '>ltli(|Me, but flu- neuration can be made out in the sin^i'le spccinicn kiiiiwit neither heic nor in the winj^s. The hind Icu^s aic I'atlier loiij^ imd slender, the femora extendiifi^ far bevond rhe .sides of tin- b(ni\ .iMil ippareiitly as lon^'- as the breadth of the base of the ilidopien, the tibia' still Ioniser with a row of vei'v short and inconspicuous vol, XIII 'Jt 370 TKIM'IAUY INSKCTS (»F NOHTH AMKIIICA. .' U i !• ilistiiiit s|)iiU's. Alxloinoii oviit(s coiiHtricttMl at tlio l»iMe, nitlior broiully roiiiKlfil, iiiid not |ii'o(1iic(mI upictilly. >\ nitiglu Hpecies in known. Al'OUKMA rKAiSTUICTirM. Die bodv is of a (lark and tolt>ral)ly iiniforni color. Tho Hurf'aceH ()f the tlioiax and scutollmn aro .smootli, hnt tin* I'dfjcs of tlic latter transvci-Midy wrinkled. The lieni(d\ tra are li^'^lit colored or pallid, with more or le.ns iiitiiinated costal ed^fe. whi«'l» expands into an infninated spot at tlu^ tip of tho coriiini and of the cunens, in the former case larj^e, in the latter small; tho inner marjfin is scarcely infumated and tlm nienihrane (dear. Lefjfs blackish. I.enjjth, H.5""" ; breadth of thorax, --'.fi.')""" . abditmon, 2.8r.""» ; lenjrth f hind tibia-, •_'.")"'"'. Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. }I;H)(). IIADUONKMA ITliler. This f^eniis so far' as known is rejtresented by a flinnclo species, f(tund in tlie '{ocky Mountain region and in .Mexi(Mi. The larj^er spe(Mes hero added to it appears to a<^ree better with it than with any other witli which T liavo been able to compare it, though it i.s doubtful whether it really belongs here. * JIadronema cinkrkscens. ri. LM, Fijf. 12. Head small and ronnded. scarc(dy at all advanced in front of the eves, uniformly scaltroiis; (irst joint of antenna' moderately .stout, not more than half as long as the head, the second slender, slightly incra-ssated in the apical half or less, less than thre*^ times as long as the first joint, the third about two-tliirds as long as the second. Thorax scal)rous like tho head, truncate at each extremity, less than twi(!e as Itroad at base as at apex, tho (d)li(jue sides gently arcuate, the color of the head and thorax uniform black. Ilenudvtrii not well jtreserved, the legs mod(;rately slender, stouter and shorter than in the modern II. militaris Uhl Length, fi (;•"■"; breadtli, 1'""". Florissant. T>vo specimens, Noh. 2980, 13559. 1 > i HKMIPTKUA— FrKTKItOPTK.ItA— PHYHAPOnKH, 871 Family PHYSAPODES Dum^ril. Tlumo iiiiimU) tlowor iiiHoctH Imvo boon found !n (•(MiHifloriihlo nuinhurH in Tortiiiry dc^posits. Aix, Ocninffon, Uott, untl uinljoi* Imvt* ouch yioldod more tliiin ono Hpccios of 'I'lirips, lift(^on in mI!. of which nearly half con>o from Uott. Hcsid(-H thiw Uott has furtiiHlicl lu.ir HpocioH of ildiothripH and ono of IMdicothripH, wliilo an oxi ict jjonuH (lalotlu'Ips is n-prcNontod at Aix ))y a Hiii;ilo species. In our i>\vn country *hoy have hoen detcM^tod only in thtf White Uiver lieds, where one species i :ich of the j,'onora Melanothrips, Lithadothrips, and i'nia'othrips have boon found and aro doHcribtid bolow ; the last tw(» of the {genera are extincf. MKLAKOTIIUIl'S ilaliday. The only species of tiiis jfonus that has been found fossil is the one described l»olow. So fai as I know Melanothrips has not boon observed this country ainon^ recent insects, but oidy in Europe; but so little in attention has been paid to our native Hpecies of Wiysapodos that this is of little significance. Mki-anothrii's kxtincta. PI. 5. Fifjs. 90, »l. Melanolhripn rritnda Stiida.. Hull. IT. s. Ocol. Oooijr. Siirv. Tt""" ; of antoiuuc, O.S""" ; of head, 0.14""" ; of thorax, 0.r»"""; of abdomen, l..^)*;"'"'; greatest In-eadth of abdomen, 0.5"'"'. ('hagriii ViiUey, White Uivor, (/olorado. One specimen, W. Uenton, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 ^ 140 25 2.2 ~ Is ^1^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STtEET WMSTM.N.Y. M5tO (716) 87^4503 %^ \ iV 5^ \i 372 TER'iiABY INSECTS OF KORTH AMERICA. LITHADOTHRIPS Sciidder {Xted?, Gpi'iP). lAlhadotUriim fW.nM., Rnll. II. H. Uo«l. OnoKr. Siirv. Terr., I, 2*il (lH7r>). Allied to Mvlaiiotlirips Haliday. The lieiul is lurge, broad, jflobose ; the eyes exceedingly hirge, globose, each occupying on a superior view fully one-third of the head ; the antennae very slender, equal, as long as the thorax, the joints eight or nine in number, cylindrical, equal, scarcely en- larging toward their tips. The prothorax is no larger than the head, of eqiial breadth with it, the whole thorax shaped as in Pal^eothrips. Only fragments of the wings remain, sufficient to render it probable that they agree well with the character of the group to which Melanothrips and iEolo- thrips belong. The legs resemble those of Palaeothrips, but are slender and appear to be rather profusely supplied with hairs. The abdomen differs considerably in the two specimens referred to this genus. In one it is ver}- broadly fusiform, the tip a little produced, nine joints visible, the .apical furnished with a few hairs, and bluntl}^ rounded at the tip ; the other has the sides equal, the apex not at all produced, but very broadly rounded, only seven or eight joints vaguely definable. A single species is known. LiTHADOTHRIPS VETUSTA. PI. 5, Figs. 88, 89, 102, 103. IMhadoOkrlpt wiMto Scodd., Ball. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., I, S33 (1975). The specimens, both of which represent the upper surface of the body with fragments and vague impressions of the members, are too poorly pre- served to add anything to the above description of their generic features excepting the following measurements : First specimen : Length of body, 1.76""" •. of antenna;, 0.6""' ; of thorax, O.fi ."'"'; of abdomen, 87""; breadth of head, 0.28""; of thorax, O.-'iS'^"; of abdomen, O.-'iJ;""' ; length of fore femora, 0..37""?; breadth of same, 0.14""; length of hind femora, 0.42""; breadth of same, 0.13"". Second specimen: Length of body, 1.96""; of antennae, 0.76"™; of thorax, 0M>"""; of abdomen, 1.10""; breadth of head, 0.3S""; of thorax, .^O""^ ; of abdomen, 0.59""'. f'ossil (Jafion, White River, Utah. Two specimens, W. Denton. HBMIPTKUA— UETEKOPTEUA— rUYSAl'ODES. 373 PxLiEOTHRlPS Scudder (rraXan'?, 6pt'if>). I'alaiothrtpt Soudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., I, 223 (1875). This genus is allied to ^olothrips Haliday. The head is small, glo- bose ; eyes rounded, much smaller than in Lithadothrips ; antennae slender, fully as long as the thorax, not more than seven-jointed, the joints cylin- drical, sul)equal. Prothorax considerabh' larger than the !iead, the thorax as a whole very large, stout, and tumid ; lore femora very stout, scarcely more than twice as long as broad ; fore tibiae also stout, a little longer tiian the femora ; the other legs are moderately stout, long, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen, with a few scattered rather short spinous hairs ; the hind tarsi three-jointed, the last joint smaller than the others and all together two-sevenths the length of the tibia;. Fore wings unusually broad, broadest apically, where their breadth more than equals one-fourth of their entire length, provided with two longitudinal veins, dividing the disk into three nearly equal portions, connected in the middle by a cross-vein, alid with either border b}' other cross-veins at about one-third and two thirds the dis- tance from the base to the tip of the wing; the wing is heavily fringed, especially along the hind ))order. Hind wingi? veinless, nearly as long, and at the tip nearly as broad, as the fore wings. Abdomen nine-jointed, half as long again as the thorax, rather tumid, scarcely or not at all produced apically. PaL^OTHRIPS F088ILI8. PI. 5, Figs. 104, 105, 115. Paliroihript foatilit Scudd., Proo. Boat. Soo. Nat. Hut., XI, 117-uaiiie only (IStiT); Bull. U. S. Geol. OeoKr. Siirv. Terr., l,'iiii--if£t (1H75) ; iu Zittel, Haodb. d. Paluiinit., I, il, 744, Ki;;. U9i) (IH8.'>). Head small, tapering a little in front, where, however, it is broadly rounded. The antennae are certainly seven-jointed, nnd none of the apicjil joints show any indication of being connate, the last joint being of the same length as the two preceding it, tapering, and bluntly pointed ; none of the joints show any enlargement in the middle, but the middle joints are slightly larger at the distal extremity than at the base; they appear to be destitute of iiairs The prothorax is subquadrate, a little broader than long, with rounded sides ; the fore femora are unusually stout, as long as the width of the prothorax. The longitudinal veins of the fore wings approach ench other somewhat abruptly in the middle, where they are united by a cross- 374 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NOKTII AMEUICA. vein, and at the tip of tlie wing they curve away from each other ; the two cross-veins on the lower third of the wing are respectively slightly farther from the base of the wing than the corresponding veins of the upper t'.iird ; the fringe on the posterior border is largest near the tip of the wing, where the hairs are about three times as long as those on the costal border. The firat hind tarsal joint is scarcely longer than broad, cylindrical ; the second of about the same length but decidedly broader at apex than at base ; the apical joint is nearly globular, smallest at base, as large in the middle as the base of the other joints. There are a few hairs at the tip of the abdo- men and a few short ones on the hind tibiu; ; the apical ones stouter than the others, resembling spines ; but the insect appears to have been unusually destitute of hairs, excepting on the wings, where not only the edges but also all the veins are fringed. Length of body, 1.6-1.8"""; of antenna}, 0.58"""; of fore femora, 0.32"""; breadth, of same, O.U"'™; length of fore tibia', 0.32'""'; of hind femora, O.aS""; breadth of same, O.U"™; length o^ hind tibije, 0.42'"'"; of hind tarsi, 0.12'"'" ; of fore wings, 1.4"""; of hind wings, 1.27""" ; greatest breadth of fore wings, 0.37""™ ; length of prothorax, O.lfi"'™ ; breadth of same, 0.32"'"'; length of whole thorax, 0.64"" ; of abdomen, 0.92""" ; greatest breadth of the same, 0.37""'. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. W. Denton. ' b' Family LYC^IDJEL West wood. This family has been recognized in the Secondary rocks by somewhat obscure fragments in England and Germany, but in Tertiary deposits the family is comparatively abundant and widespread. Curiously enough, only two species have been recorded from amber, and in Menge's Collection the family was represented by but one. Three-fou' ths of the known European species are those described by Heer, wiio refen^d them to few genera. It is difHcult to ])lace the larger number of those w)uch have been recorded, but to judge in part by the living species with which some of them are com- pared it is plain that the MyoJochina should claim about one-half of them and the Lygseina the larger part of the remainder, the others being distrib- autble among the Cymina, Blissina, and Ileterogastrina. In all there are thirty-seven species credited to six genera. HEMiPTEliA— HETEE01»TEUA— LYGiElD.15. 375 In our own country the numbers are largely in excess of this, fifty-ono species being recognized, showing this family to have been one of the more important among Tertiary Heteroptera. The disposition of these in their respective subfamilies has bee. effected only by their evident affinities in general structure with existing members of these subfamilies, not by a demonstration of those definite characters (mostly relating to the position of the stigmata) upon which these subfamilies were founded, as that would be impossible. The result shews no small resemblance to the character- istics of the European Tertiary fauna, the prevailing type being the Myo- douhina and the next the Lygaeina, but beyond this the resemblance fails to extend greatly, the prevailing family having nearly 73 per cent of the wliole, while in Europe they claim scarcely more than 50 per cent ; and again the Lygseina have less than 16 per cent of the whole, while in Europe they have about 35 per cent ; further, none of the otlier subfamilies which appear in Europe are found at all in America, our other groups being Geo- corina, Oxycarenina, and Pyrrhocorina, which find no place in Europe. But perhaps the most remarkable rei'ult of the investigation of the Ameri- can forms is the large number of new generic types found to be necessary in the Myodochina, where, out of the twenty-one genera only four (with but five species together) are regarded as identical with existing types. In the Old World a single species found at Oeningen has been considered the type of an extinct genus, Cephalocoris, not found with us ; but undoubt- edly, to judge from the illustrations and descriptions, a more searching examination would bring out a different condition of things. Besides this, Heer has established a magazine genus, Lygfeites, for all the members of the family for which he could find no place ; it evidently comprises very diverse forms. Subfamily LYQ^EINA St&l. This group of Lygjeidie holds the second rank among the fossils both in Europe and America, but its relative and ab.solute importance is greater in the Old World than in the New. In Europe a considerable number of species, ten or eleven, are referred to Lygaeus, not including those which plainly do not belong here, but it is probable that only one of the species of Heer's magazine genus Lygtcites belongs here, most of the others being more probably Myodochina; to this we may perhaps add his extinct genus Cephalocoris. All of these seem to belong to the division of Lygajaria. 37G TEUTIAKY 1NSE(3TS OK NORTH AMKUICA. In our own Tertiaries I have referred all the species to the modern genera Lygteus (three) and Nysius (five), the former belonifingf to the division L3'giearia, the latter to the Orsillaria. The resemblance between the Ter- tiary Lygjrina of Europe and America is therefore not very strong. LYCJ^^US Fabricius. This old genus having given birth to the family name, a considerable number of fossils have been referred to it. Nine have been described, one each from Aix and Krottensee, two each from Oeningen and Sieblos, and three from Radoljoj ; Serres also refera to four, and Curtis to one, species of the genus at Ai.x, and Herendt and Gravenhorst credit the genus to amber. Three of these unnamed forms, however, are compared to certain living species, which show that they can not belong here, and the species from Krottensee, L. mntilus, is certainly not a Lygicus, so that oidy ten or eleven species at the most, named and unnamed, can be claimed for the European Tertiaries. In America we have three, all found at Florissant. Table of the upeeim of Lijgirut. Anterior Mvimriktvil from puitturior lub« of thorax by u diHtinct though liii<- tiilterciilate ridgo. 1. L. ttalnliliin. Anterior aud iioaterior loboii not distiuotly iw|iarated. Thorax diHtinutly though Hparnely punt'tnriul 'i. L. ohnolmctHH. Thorax smooth 3. I..facukiittta, 1. LyO.TA'S 8TABlLlTi;.S. PI. 22, Fig. 10; PI. 24, Fig. 1«. Head strongly l)ut roundly produced in front of the pretty large eyes, the surface finely rugulose, uniform black-brown, the antennaj tiniformly fuscous. Thorax with am|)liated lateral margins, which are finely mar- giiuite, the front margin considerably, regularly, and roundly emarginate; siu'face of posterior lol)e coarsely, faintly, and distantly punctate, of anterior much like the head, the two separated Dy a slight indented carina, giving it a tuberculate appearance; the anterior lobe is dark lik > the head, the posterior [)aler but oliscurely so ; the scutelluni in color and surface struct- ure is like the head. Tlie hemelytra are dark obscure, with a broad faint band crossing them when closed just beyond the tip of the scutelluni, very much as in Dysdercus cinctus of the same beds, which but for tlie'presence of ocelli this species greatly resembles. t '\ UEiAIirXEUA— IlKTKUOl'TKItA-LYG^HD.K. 377 Length of body, 8.r)-!>'""' ; aiiteniwc, 3.5°"" ; breadth of thorax, .'{""" Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 11020 and 11236, 11219, and of the Princeton Collection, Nos. 1.811 and 1.821. 2. LvGirUS OB80LE8CEM8. PI. 24, Fig. 15. Head strongly but roundly produced in front of tlie large eyes ; the surface smooth, uniform ; antennaj longer than in the other species, uni- formly fu.scous. Thorax with nearly straight sides, the anterior outer angles rounded, the front margin regularly, roundly, though not consider- ably, marginate; surface uniformly, very sparsely and coarsely punctate, the scutellum similar. Color of whole body uniform or nearly so, biit with faint signs that the disk of the thorax was lighter than the rest and that a lighter but obscure and narrow band crossed the closed hemelytra and scutellum at the apex of the latter. Length of body, 10""" ; antennjv, 4.5""» ; breadth of thon»x, 3.5""". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 421, 10454, 11218. 3. LvGiEUS P.TCCULENTUS. Head but little and roundly produced in front of the eyes, the surface smooth, more or less mottled, the untennjv fuscous, the second joint much darker than the succeeding. Thorax with scarcely ampliated, oblique lat- eral margins, the front margin gen-ly and roundly emarginate, the whole surface smooth, fusco-fuliginous, with a pair of oblique and divergent paler lateral clouds ; scutellum smot)th, the road. Head rounded, siibtriang'ular, of about equal length and breadth, or, if anything, a little broader than long, with the eyes slightly broader than the apex of the thorax, sniooth. Antennic less than half as long as the body, the stout basal joint projecting slightly beyond the front of the head, the second joint very slender, the others gradiudly incrassated, so as to be fully half as broad again in the middle of the apical joint as in the middle of the second joint, the apical fully as long as the penultimate joint. Thorax trapezoidal, taper- ing from base to apex gradually and regularly, with straight sides, some- times a little ampliated, the apical distinctly more than one-half as long as the basal margin, both truncate, or the apical v«;ry slightly antl roundly cniarginate, surface coarsely punctaite like the scutelluni. All the femora rather stout, the fore and middle jmirs of nearly equal length, the hind \mr iv little longer, smooth ; all the tibia' slightly hinger than their respective femora, slender, (^orium of henielytra with the apex reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, testareons, with blackish fuscous blotches irregu- larly distributed ; all the veins of the coriunt and davus distinctly punctate ; membrane nearly clear with testaceous streaks alonjr tiie veins. I^ength of body, 4-."»""" : antenna", 1.75-J""" ; breadth of 1>ody, Lf)-!.?'""' This is the connnonest of the Lyga'ichc at Florissant. Florissant, 'i'wenty-five specimens, Nos. 902, liJ49, 1(j71, .'JaTf!, 4853, 4931, , 1(>381, l()«2r), 10888, 10!M)9, 11140, 11164, 12065, 1246,',, 12751, 131.^»8, 1402.% 14181, 14432, and from the Princeton Collection 1.840. Sublainily CrEOCOHlNA Sttil. A single species referred below to Geocoris is the only fossil form ever recognized in this family. GEOCORIS Fallen. This cosmopolitan genus, rich in sj)ecies and about equally developed in the Old and New Worlds, is more prolific in the northern than in the southern hemisphere in the New World, the opposite in the Old World. It has never been recognized in a fossil state, but a single species a])pears to IIKMIPTKRA— HKTKUOPTEKA— LYGiElD.K. 361 occur at FloiiHsunt, where itH Htrikin|^ breadth of head and Btout fore fernora diHtinjfiiiHh it from all other forms. (Ikocorim inkkknokiim. ri. 23, KijjH. 17, 20. Head broadly rounded in front without the least Hign of being pro- duced, in which it differs strikingly from all existing species I have been able to exauiine ; twicte as broad as long, with the snudl eyes just as broad as the front of the thorax ; antenna; shorter than head and thorax com- bined, very slender, cylindrical, with no enlargement anywhere, the sei^ond joijit longest, the third and fourth successively shorter. The thorax is nearly or (juite twice as broad as long with gently convex sides, scarcely narrower in fron* than behind, and the angles hardly rounded; the surface is very feebly jiunctate. Hemelytra with the corium hardly reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, very opaque fuscous with pale patches or streaks following the course of the veins ; membrane invisible. Legs short, the fore femora (wiien turned so as to see the broader face) very stout, rotund, not more than half as long again as broad. Abdomen very broad and full. Length, .'i.'i.')""" ; breadth, 1.45"'"'. Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. TjCUO, 5734, 58M rtillowliiK thu iiialii vuina 3. /'. laitgH«n$. 1. Procuophius coMMirxis. PI. 23, Figs. 13, 18, IIS, 29 ; D. 24, Fij;. 1. The antennne of this t^pecies are much stouter than in the next, and aiSO relativt^ly shorter. The head is more than half as long as the thorax, or a little more than that, very bluntly angled in front ; thorax about as long as the anteritu* breiidth, at least half as broad again ])osteriorly, taper- ing with great uniformity so as to show but little curvature to the sides, the surface nearly smooth, entirely without constriction ne.xt the base. Heme- lytra dark iuid obscure, occasionally with ob.scure lighter patches below the costal field and next the middle of the menibiMiial suture; membrane clear. This is one of the commonest species of Lygicida^ at Florissant Length of body, 3.5""" ; breadth, 1.5"""; length of corium, 1..')""'. Florissant. Twenty specimens, No.s. 193, 2bH, 1209, 1404, 1570, 2388, 4313, 4577, 4(J02, 5722, 5832, (J205, G246, r,873, 7330, 11184, 11222, 11652, 12061, 12458. 2. ProCKOPHIUS C08TALI8. PI. 23, Fig. 8. This species differs from the preceding in the slenderer antennae, the more rounded sides of the pronotum, and the diaracter of the slightly rela- tively longer liemelytra. The thorax is nitlier stouter tlian in 1*. communis, being nearly twice as broad as long, with gently roimded sides, which at IIEMIPTBRA— UKTEUOPTBRA— LY0i1Sinil<:. 383 tlio Hiimo titno tupcn' rapidly ; tlio Hurfnco Hinooth. Tlio lionielytra are light colored, oxcuptitijf for an equal, not very broad, coHtnl thickening of n tes- tacuouH color, wliicli appoarH to he cliaracteriHtic. The abdomen Hoenm to bH ordinarily fiillor in tlio apical half than in I*. conununiH. lAMigth, .•1.4'""; breadth, 1,6"""; length of corinm, 1.76"'"'. FlorisHant. Five HpecinionH, Noh. 6952, 6367, 6394, 7062, 9937. 3. I'ROCRopimm lanquens. PI. L'3, FiR. 23. A single specimen has been separated from the others on account of certain characteristics which appear to be peculiar; unfortunately the appendages of the head are not preserved, but the head itself appears to be longer and more produced than in either of the other species, and the tho- rax of the same foi'ni as in P. comnuinis, .tapering as rapidly and with rec- tilinear sides, but it is ])erliaps a little shorter than in P. communis and its surface a little less smooth. The hemelytra are clear throughout, and show lines of punctures along the course of the principal veins which can not be niado out in either of the other species. The abdomen has the form of that of P. costalis Length, 3.4"'"; breadth, l.S"""'; length of corium, 1.5""". Florissant. One specimen. No. G239. Subfamily MYODOCHINA St&l. As has been stated above, the vast majority of the American fossil Lyga-'idai belong to the present group. A remarkable feature to be noticed in them — not embracing all the specie^, but certainly most of them — is the brevity of the antennae, rarely half as long at the body, and usually much shorter than ih^it. They are extraordinary, too, for the very large propor- tion which can not bo referred to existing genera, and for their general resemblance as a whole to subtropical types. The members of the first group, the Myodocharia, seem to form, with few exceptions, a type apart, in which the i)Osterior lobe of the thorax does not broaden from behind for- ward, being as a whole narrower, or at least no broader, than the anterior lobe when the latter has ampliated sides, the opposite being ordinarily the case in modern types. With a single exception or two they all come from Florissant. 384 TKKTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Table of the genera of foiiil MjiodooHna. Anterior and iioHterlor loWs of thorax with independent lateral c-irven (Viv. Myodocharin.) Middle fi^iiiora ns loaK ati the width of the body at their inxertion 1. lAjiirocoriii, Middle feniorn Hhorter than the width of the body at their inticrtinn. Anterior lohe of thorax with the sides arcnato. Minnte HpecieN, lens than four niilliineteni in length 2. Stenopamern. Larger speciev, not less than Hve niiMinieten* in lenittli. Anterior ninch longer than nosteilor lobe of thorax. AnttMinie no longer than head »nd thorax ; terminal Joint no broader thai: middle of second joint :i. Caloi>nmern. Antennw as long as hea-n not laterally expanded 7. Cophoforin. Posterior IoIm* of thorax distinetly shorter than anterior. Posieiior margin of thorax angnlate, the posterior lobe twice as long in the niiiblle as at siiles H. lim-oriteii. Posterior margin of thornx truncate, the posterior IoIm* of equal letigtli tlironghiuit. Antenna' as long as head and thorax together, or longer; heail longer thai broad ".t. I'roairiii. Antenna* short^er than bead and thorax together ; head broader than long. 10. Clereat'otiii. Aiiterioi' and posterior lolie.s of thorax dislingiilsliabie only, ifutall, by the tra'isverse Impressed line <:f the iipiHT surface O'iv. RhyparochromRrin«) K.i'es Hiiiall, globular; lieail not, broader than front of thorax. Minnte s|)ecies, usually les." thitii 4'"'" (in one instance us mnrh as 4.ri""") in length. Antenna* only i>s long as head and thorax together. Anterior iMirderof thorax very innch shorter than the post«rior ; or, If not, ninch longer than the length of the ihorax. C'oriiini of hemlytra reaching only the middle of the abdinnen ... 11. TritiicznnotiiH. Corinni of heinelytra reaching diFtinctly beyond the I'liddle of the abdomen. I'i. /.IN mill. Anterior border of thorax but little shorter than the posterior and of tli" siiiiie length as the thorax lit. lihiifiorochromnn .'.nteniiie fully half as long as liodr. Second Joint of autennio scarcely longer than thiril or fourth II. I'lwhymrrH- Second joint of antenna* much longer than either of Mie succeeding .. ...!.'>. Tiromrriix. iisrger s|Mc*ron«Mfl, 7473. 1 I HEMII'TEHA— HETBROPTBKA— LYG.-KID.Ii;. 387 3. CATOPAMEliA gen. iiov. (xdrco, Pamera, nom. gen.). Head subtriangular, roundly angulated in front, slightly broader than long, with the eyes as broad as the apex of the thorax ; eyes situated a* the base, small, globular ; antenna; slender, no longer than the head and thorax together ; beyond the basal joint (which just surpasses the head) of almost exactly uniform width, the joints of very nearly equal length, each from four-Hfths to five-sixths the lengrii of the preceding. 'IMiorax about half as broad again as long, considji-ably longer than the head, tapering from the posterior margin of the anierior lobe forward, the sides ampliated, base trun- cate, apex more or less but broadly emarginate. Legs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen very full, well rounded. Two species occur in the Florissant shales. Tabtv of the »peoies of Catopameru. C'orium of heinolytra loacUing the middle of tUe apical half of the abdomen 1. C. tiugheyi, CoTinm of hemelytra reaching scarcely beyond the middle of the abdomen 2. C. bradUyi. 1. CaTOPAMERA AlJGHEYl. PI, 27, Fig. 7. Whole body of a nearly uniform dark color ; the antennae a little paler. Head smooth or finely corrugated transversely. Thorax faintly punctate. Hemelytra just surpassing the extremity of the abdomen, the corium reaching the middle of its apical half, fusco-fuliginous, sparsely but distinctly punctate, the punctai showing a tendency to a linear arrange- ment along the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen with the sides slightly paler than the middle. Length of body, 5"""; antenna, 2.15""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.55""" ; abdomen, 2.05""™. Named in honor of Samuel Aughey, geologist of the Hayden Survey. P^'lorissaut. Four specimens, Nos. 17 Hi, 2042, 9590, 12033. 2. Catopamera brakleyi. PI. 26, Fig. 12. Whole body blackish brown, excepting the hemelytra. Antennje rather stouter than in the preceding species and as dark as the body. Head uniform, pmootli. Tlionix very finc^ly, faintly, and di.stantly punctate; the 388 TERTIARY IN8B0T8 OF NORTH AMERICA. scutellum more coarsely. Hemelytra reaching just about the tip of the abdomen, the corium not beyond its middle, testaceous, rather finel}' and very distantly and evenly punctate, the punctfu showing no disposition to longitudinal arrangement ; membrane faintly infumated. Sides of abdo- men ns dark as the disk. Length of body, not including the terminal extension of the abdomen, 4.65°""; antennae, 1.65"""; breadth of body, 1.25'"™; abdomen, 1.75"'"'. Dedicated to Mr. Frank H. Bradley, geologist of the Ilayden Survey. Florissant. One specimen. No. 14236. 4. PHRUDOPAMERA gen. nov. {gtpovSo?, Pamera, nom. gen.). Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, rather broader than the apex of the thorax, more or less produced in front of the antennte; eyes situated at the outermost limits of the head, a little in advance of the base, of moderate size, subglobular ; antennre as long as tlie head, thorax, and scutellum together, the basal joint barelv or not surpassing the front of tlie head, the three succeeding joints subequal, tlie last incrassatod so as to be half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Thorax scarcely' longer than tho head, half as broad again as long, tapering forward from the posterior limit of the anterior lobe, the sides ampliated ; posterior mar- gin truncate or slightly convex, tlie anterior margin similarly concave. Legs moderately stout, the middle femora not more than two-thirds the width of the body at their insertion. Abdomen moderately full, well rounded. Two species occur in the shales of Florissant. Table of the Hjivcieii of Vhrudopamrra. Front of head distinctly ungiilitte 1. /'. n-iUoni. Front of head liromllr roiindvdor guhtrnncate ^ 'i. P. chiltendeni. m 1. PllRUUOPAMKHA WILSONI. PK 27, Figs. 9, 16. Head smooth, the front roctanguhite in advanc<' of the antenna' ; iintennae of uniform color. Thorax finely and evenh* granulate ; hemelytra rather heavily punctured in definite longitudinal lines following the course of the veins; these infuscated but the rest of the iu melyfra scarcely infus- ciited ; membrane clear. Abdomen oval, somewliat elongated. HKMIPTBKA— H1<:tKROPTERA-LYG.^ID;E. 389 . Length of body, 5,45"™; anteniu-e, 2.5^-^; breadth of thorax, 1.46™-; abdomen, 2""°. This species is named for Mr. A. D. Wilson, the accomplished topog- rapher of tlie Hayden Survey. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6931, 13315. 2. Phkudopameka ohittendeni. PI. 26, Figs. 7, 9. Head smooth or very finely and transversely corrugate, the front pro- jecting forward between the antennae, but subtruncate or broadly rounded ; antennse witli the 1 • isal and apical joints darker than the rest. Thorax rather faintly and somewhat distinctly punctate, as well as transversely corrugated, especially in the middle. Hemelytra rather coarsely punctate in longitud- inal lines, following the course of the veins, more or less infuscated ; the membrane slightly infumated. Abdomen broad and very well rounded. Length of body, 5.25"""; antennaj, 2.5'"»'; breadth of thorax, LeS"™; abdomen, 2.25"'"'. The name is given in honor of Mr. G. B. Chittenden, topographer of the Hayden Survey, engaged during its exploration of Colorado. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 7037, 11229, 11232. 5. CHOLULA Distant. A single species, represented by a single, imperfect, headless specimen from Groon River, Wyoming, is referred here from its near resemblance to one of the species described by Distant. It differs, however, in several points : the basal margin of the thorax is hardly concave at the base of the scutellum, but straight, while elsewhere it is convex; there is but the faintest sign of any carination of tlie scutellum, and I can not see that either corium or clavus is punctured. Cholula triquttata. PI. 7, Fig. 21. Body slender with parallel sides, fully three times longer than broad. [Head wanting ] Thorax rounded subquadrate, broader than long, the ante- rior a little shorter tlian the posterior lobe, and distinctly separated from it :)90 TEHIIAUY IN8RCTS OF NOHTH AMKUIOA. hj' n transverae constriction, noticeable particularly by the deep lateral notch ; anterior lobe rapidly narrowing with strongly oblique convex sides, two and a half times broader than long, the surface apparently smooth, light colored, with broad, marginal, dark bands, a faint dusky median stripe fading posteriorly, and three dark round spots, one in the middle of each lat- eral half posteriorly and one in the middle 'of the posterior margin, overlap- ping the posterior lobe ; this last is l)roader than the anterior, with strongly convex sides, and is three times as broad as long, its jiostcrior lateral angles not rounded ; the posterior margin is transverse outwardly and next the base of the scutellum, a little oblicpio between ; the surface is dark poste- riorly, lighter anteriorly, the whole rather coarsely and faintly punctate. Corium of hemelytra clear and smooth, with distinct and straiglit subcostal vein and fuliginous outer angle (the other dark spots on the surface of the corium in the plate belong to the middle and hind feiuorji ) ; membrane clear. Length (without head), 4..''»"""; probable complete length, 5"°': breadth of thorax, 1.7""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen', No. 113 (Dr. A. S. Packard). a. LrrHOCORIS gen. nov. (\i'6o?, «<>/?). Head large, subrotund, slightly broader than long, with moderately large eyes, which are situated just behind the middle of the head, at its greatest lateral expansion as broad as the middle of the thorax ; front rounded, angulate in advance of the base of the antenna* ; antenna* more than half as long a . the body, the basal joint pretty stout, surpassing a little the front of the head, the remaining joints sube(jual, the second the shortest, all very slender, but the last slightly iiicrassated to about the width of the basal joint. Thorax .slightlj- longer than broad, divided into anterior and poatenor lobes of equal length, both tapering from base to apex, the ante- rior more rapidly than the posterioi- and with perfectly straight oblique sides; the base fully twice as broiid as the apex. Legs moderately slen- der, the middle femora fully three-foimlis the width of the body at their insertion. Corium of hemelytra reaching the nnddle of the apical half of the abdomen, which is full, laterally ampliated, half as broad again as the base of the thorax. A single species is known. ■ HEMIPTEBA— llETBKOPTEBA— LYGiEIDJi. 391 LiTHOCORIS EVTJLStJS. The single specimen known is rather faintly preserved upon the stone, but otherwise is in excellent condition. The head and thorax are dusky, the abdomen paler ; the antennae and legs are also pale obscure. Head rather densely and not very finely punctate. Thorax more coarsely and more distantly punctate, as is also the scutellum. Hemelytra with similar coarse punctje arranged along the veins ; membrane cloudy. Length of body, e.S"™; antennae, 4""°; hind femora, 2.2°"°; tibise, 3.2°'°'; tarsi, 1.5°"°; breadth of thorax, 2.2™°'; abdomen, 2.*°'°'. Florisiant. One specimen, No. 4890. 7. COPHOCORIS gen. nov. («a) a little lighter colored, the third joint :i94 TKHTlAltY IN8K(Vrrt OF NORTH AMHRICA. I '■ E i I. 1 ' (mliii'pfiii;,'' rojjiilarly from hiiHn to apox, whore it is lujiirly twic^o iih larjfo iik .It till' base. Thorax vi-ry coarHoly and not vory dirttanily punctate, as it< also the ncuttdhnn. Hoinolytra fusco-fuligir.oiiN, coarHely punctato in Horial rowH alonpf tho oourHc of the voinH. Th'j femora ratlier Htout, the middle pair heinj; but little more than twice as lonjf as broad. Abdomen with the Hides scarcely ampliated, and a ])rody, I..;"""; breadth, 1..S"""; lonjfth of anteniue, l.o""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 9802. 12. LINN.EA gen. nov. (Linnc). A gemis of Itliyparocln'oiuiiria closoly alliod to (Jronatas Distant, but from which it is rea«-ii>H thiiinl at Aix ill I'roveiK'o (Oli^rocoiiu) uikI liorotof'on' iffoiTcd to I'acliyiuuriiH, \ i/, I' tuHi-iiitiiH Ueor iitul I*. piilcliulliiH lluur, wliicli iiiiicli ruHiMiihln oui' tii'Ht two H|it'ciurt. Tahlf III' lh» Hjin'itt »/ l.iuiiiiii. MniiiWntiio III' tlii< liiriiiiii iiioKtIy iiliNfliirit. Antni'lui- iiiitt'i' ikiiffliiH III' tliii tbiiritx no rouiiilvil tliat lliu curve ul' the iiulei'lur hull'iil' tli** thorax Ih uliiinHt. iinironn il. /.. abnlila. Aiittirlor iiiititr niii(li'oad aj^aiu its lou^-, tlio wiiles stroiif^ly iircuato, tho aiitorior iii;tr;i{'iii only about halt" as loii};' as tlio posterior (in which point it is wroiiyly represented on tho plate), which is sli;;litly einar<>'inate at the base of tho sciitelliiin, thi' surface smooth. Heinelytra with tlie coriuni very dark testaceous, deepeniii}^ apically, with n pallid sutnra davi, and a subcostal streak, besides a small triaiif^ular spot on tho membranal suture just without tlio sutiira davi ; menil)rane with four pale testaceous, equidis- tant, slij^htly arcuate, lonj^itudinal streaks, the outer occupyin<>, respectively, tho costal and inner inar^^'iiis, originating^' at a little space beyond tho mem- branal suture and runninjr to the outer margin, the interspaces perfectly clear, l^ength of body, ;5.;$,")""" : breadth. 1.1")"""; leiioth of antenna', 1.4""". Named for Mr. W. II. Holmes, geologist, archeologist, and artist of the Ilayden Survey. Florissant. One Hpecimen, No. "2.320. 2. LlNN.KA.I'lITNAMI. PI. 23, Fig. 4 This species closely resembles the preceding in general appearance, hut dltfers from it in iiuiwrtant details in those parts which can be com- H •■It 398 TBRTIAKY INSKt'TS OF NORTH AMF.RICA. pared. Unfortunately tlit^ head i» not well preserved and the thorax is defective, but the latter can be seen to be nearly as broad in front as behind, with decided thoiijfh rounded an. Thorax transversely striate, the posterior half with parallel sides, continuous with the equally broad abdomen, the anterior hnlf rapidly narrowing with oblique arcuate sides, so that the anterior border is about two-thirds as long as the posterior and as long as the length of the thorax. Hemelytra with the coriuni clear, except for a faint cloudiness which is a little intensified in a costal margin, the veins marked with serial punctures; membrane clear. Abdomen parallel sided, broadly rounded apically, about half as long again as broad. Length, a.C""" ; breadth, 1.4'"'". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5840, 7233. G. LiNN.KA GRAVIDA. PI. 23, Fig. 1«. Ileiid small, apparently rather less than half as broad as the thorax, shorter than broad, the front broadly angled : antenna^ with the basal joint just attaining the front of the head, the whole scarcely longer than head and thorax. The latter smooth or scarcely j)unctato, half as broad again as long, the sides well rounded, tapering forward a little, the outer anterior angles well rounded off, the anterior margin about two-thirds the length of the posterior. Hemelytra with a pale testaceous costal strii)e on the corium with the membranal edye marked irregularly with the same, as well as with a stripe following the outer side of the sutura clavi and another down the middle of the corium ; membrane clear. Abdomen full, about half as long again as broad. This species is sligiitly larger than any of the others. Length, 4.5""" ; breadth, 1.75"'"^. Florissant Four specimen.^. Nos 2966, 4994, 10410, 10882. 4U(» IKKTIAKV INSKCTS OV NOIiTII AMKKICA. 18. RIIYPAKOCllROMUS (Curtis. A single fossil was t'oriDcrly referred to this genus by me, which seems rather to belong to the Acanthiidiv. Hut another from Florissant may more rightly claim a place here, and is the only fossil species known. The genus is now feebly represented in North America, a single species occurring in the United Stat(js and another in (iuatemala, while a number are recorded from Europe. KhVI-AKOCHKOMUS VKKlilLUI. PI. 2.1, Figs. 15, Mi. Herd narrower than the thorax, bareh' l)roader than long, rounded subtriangular ; antenna' just about as long as head and thorax together. Thorax subquadrate, narrowing gently, the truncate anterior margin five- sixths the length of the posterior, the whole as long as its anterior bre.adth, the anterior lobe three times as long as the j)osterior, the sides full and rounded, very feebly separated from the jtosterior lobe, the surface faintly punctate, llemelytra with the corium reaching the middle of the hinder half of the abdomen, heavily infuscated, but the sutura clavi always marked bv a ])allid line, and sometimes the corium marked with pallid after the style of Trajjczonotus exterminatus of the same beds. Length, ;}.ry""' ; breadth, 1.2o""". Named for the distinguisiii'd Yale zoologist. I'r if A K. Verrill. Florissant. Seven specimen.s, Nos. 1511, 2027, 2050, .UdO, 5270, !»SS4, 11210. 14. I'ACIIVMKKUS St. FargeauaiulServille. This group, as restricted by Stal, is compo.sed whollv of Old World forms, and is clo-sely related to Rhyparochromns. To it have been referred u considerabh? nnmltcr of fossil Ilcteroptera, fifteen .s))ecies in all,' but onlv two or thnM> of them at the most can bv any i)ossibilitv lie rejiarded as belonging to tlic g(iiiHs in its now restricted foi'ni ; these wonld be, besides the <»ne given l»elou, ii single species each at Aix and (,)eningen and in amber. ' In my Systn iii.il ic rrv Imv erieii of Tiromerim, Thorax much less thau twice u» broatl as loMg l. T. toriiej'actiii. Thorax fully t«i(^(> as broad as loug -i, t. tahittiiuH. VOL Xltl 26 I; 402 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. TiROMERUa T0RPEFACTU8. Sides of body nearly straifrht and enlarn^ing slightly from the head to the middle of the abdomen Head about twice as broad as long, the front roundly produced in front of the eyes, Antennae very slender, extending, if stretched along the body, beyond the commissura. Rostrum extending to the middle coxie. Thorax flat, gently taperin;,', with hardly any fullness, the length about two-thirds the breadth, its breadth at apex five-sixths that at base, the angles scarcely rounded, the front margin roundly, regularly, and slightly emarginate, the surface faintly wrinkled transversely, lleme- lytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, apparently almost clear, but for a costal thickening of a testaceous color. Length, 3"'"'; breadth of bas'e of thorax, 1.3"""; length of antennae, 2""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1214. 2. TiROMERUS TABIKLUU8. Whole body of a very regular oval shajie, the largest end posterior. Head about half as broad again as long, the front angularly produced but with the extreme front well rounded ; rostrum reai-hing at least the fore - <'oxa', atul apparently the middle ])air; only the basal part of the antennae preserved. Tliorax almost flat, distinctly and considerably tapering, but sliort, with full sides, a little more tiian twice as broad as long, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base, the front margin roundly, regu- larly, and not slightly emarginate, the surt'ace faintly and finely punctate Hemelytra with the coriuui not extending beyond the middle of the abdomen or hardly reacliing it, tiie membranal suture transversely oblique, the coriuui ai)pareiitly clear. Length, 3.2;V""'; l)readth in middle of body, Lfi""". Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 2475. 16. LITIlOCHlU>MU8 gen. nov. {KiOo<, ZP»>"«). Head moderate, roundcnl subtriangular, of about etjual length and breadth, tiie front distinctly ungulate, the eyes small and gh)bular, situated in the middle, away fVonj tlie base; anteim.c nearly or (juite half as long as the body, thu last joint scarcely or not iucrassatcil ; the first joint just or banily surpasses the front, the second is long and slender, and with the first l'\ HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTEHA— LYG^ID^E. 403 equal or almost equal to the last two together, these subequal. Thorax transverse, usually only half as broad again as long, broadest at the base or slightly before the base, narrowing in front so that the head is never more than half as broad as the thorax, often with a slight triangular depres- sion at apex, with no distinct posterior lobe. Legs, especially the femora, moderately stout. Hemelytra with the corium reaching beyond the middle of the. abdomen, but not far. Four species have been distinguished in the Florissant shales. Table of the specks of Lilhochroimu. Thorax broadest at base ; first two joints of anteniiic together as long as the last two. Thorax iiiipiiiictate or scarcely piiiictate, longer than the width ut' the head ; ooriuni of hemelytra obscure 1. L. gardiieri. Thorax (Minctate, only as long as the width of the head, corium of hemelytra clear. Thorax more than one-half as long again as the head 2. L. obstrictus. Thorax less than one-half as long again as the head 3, L. morluarius. Thorax broadest before the base; first two joints of antennte together 8li(,htly shorter than the last two 4. X. extranem. 1. LiTHOCHROMUS GAKDNERI. PI. 26, Fig. 10; PI. 27, Fig. 8. AntennjE as long as the head, thorax, and half of the scutellum. Thorax trapezoidal, longer than the width of the head, less than half as broad again as long, the sides scarcely convex, the apex nearly five-sixths the length of the base, the outer anterior angles a little rounded ; the front transverse or slightly emarginate ; a slight triangular depression broader than long occupies the whole front margin ; surface impunctate or scarcely punctate, as is also the scutellum. Corium of the hemelytra obscure dark fuscous, with pallid longitudinal strig.ne which scarcely affect the outer apex; membrane showing faint, longitudinal, pale testaceous strigfe. Length, 5""" ; breadth, 2""". Named for Mr. James T. Gardner, geographer of the Haydea Survey. Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1092, 2577, 3947, 4717, 5:)837, 10076, 14204. 2. LiTHOCHROMUS OBSTRICTUS. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, only as long as the width of the head, more than half as long again as the head ; the sidv?s pretty strongly oblique and slightly convex ; the apex about three-quarters the length of the base ; front margin regularly, broadly, and considerably m 'If 1 i 404 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. emargituvte ; a slight median snluation, but scarcely any Hign of a depres- sion at the apex. Surface nearly smooth, but coarsely, distantly, and faintly punctate. Corium of hemelytra clear. Length, .'>2.'>""»; breadth, 2.1""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 6390. 3. LiTIIOCllROMUS MORTUARIUS. PI. 26, Fig. 2. Antennre slightly longer than head and thorax together. Thorax sub- quadraiigular, less than half as broad again as long, less than half as long again as the head, and only as long as the width of the head, broadest before the base, with rather strongly con .ox aides, tapering only in the apical half, but rapidly; the apex three-fourths the length of the base; a dis- tinct posterior lobe not one-fourth the length of the anterior; the front mar- gin transve;.ie or very slightly emarginate, with a distnict triangular ante- rior depre-'.ion, twice as broad as long, the apex broadly rounded; surface indistinctly ])unctate. Corium of hemelytra blackish fuscous ; membrane with slight marks of longitudinal infuscation. Length, 4.t) l)readth of base of thorax, l.S.'i"""; abdomen, 2.25" Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4644, 11220. 4. LlTHOCIIROMt^S KXTRANEU8. IM. 26, Fig. 6. The single specimen is preserveil oidy upon a side view, and is on that account difficult to compare with the others al)solutely. The head apj)ears to be of unusual lengtii, being apparently alxtnt five-sixths the length of the thorax, and is smooth : the antenna- are exceptionally stout and are some- what longer than the head and thorax togetlier ; the first two joints together slightly shorter than the last two ; the first and second joints increase very sliglitlv in size next the apex, and are truncate at tip ; the last joint scarcely enlarges toward the ti]), which is roinided. Thorax apparently tapering from a little l)efon' \\ut base, somewhat tumid, and i)unctate ; corium of hemelytra clear, or very slightly obscnrcMl, punctate throughout, but more densely along the principal veins ; membrane clear. Length, .5.5"'"' ; of corium of hemelytra, 2.75""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.'{G60. * : HEMlFrEUA— HKTEUOPTKKA— I.Y(i.EIl).*:. 405 17. COPTOCHIIOMUS gon. nov. (hottti?, xpoi^ia). Head rounded tri}iii},niliir, fully as loiifr ii« broad, as broad m the apex of the tliorax; the eyes small, globular, median, the front between them advanced considerably, and roundly aiigiilated ; antemue shorter than in the preceding- genua, longer than in the succeeding genera, being longer than head and thorax togethei-, but considerably leas than half the length of the body; first joint distinctly, though not considerably, surpassing the front, the first and second together shorter than the remainder of the antennje, the third and fourth subeijual and not at all incrassated. Thorax transverse, considerably less than twi(;e as broad as long, decidedly longer than the head, broadest at the base, the anterior lateral margins strongly rounded, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base ; no noticeable posterior lobe. Legs and hemelytra as in the preceding genus. A single species occurs at Florissant. COPTOCHROMUS MAMUM. Antennae of nearly uniform diameter throughout. Thorax trapezoidal with the outer anterior singles strongly rounded; the thorax tapering rapidly only at the extreme apex; front ma. gin gently emarginate, a very broad, rounded, subtriangular, anterior depression three or four times as broad as long occupying the whole apex ; a distinct median carina ; sur- face smooth. Corium of hemelytra varymg from pale testaceous to fuscous, more heavily marked along the costal margin ; the whole surface faintly and uniformly punctate ; membrane clear. Length, i.e™" ; breadth, 2""". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5248, 6270, 6449, 9046. 18. PROLYG^EUS gen. nov. {7rp6, Lyga'us, nom. gen.) Body of a very regularly oval form less than twice as long ns broad. Head rather small, with the eyes rather narrower than the reduced front of the thorax, as long as broad, the eyes situated in the middle of the head, and the front i)roduced in advance of them as a broad quadrate mass ; antennae as long as the head and thorax, the first joint not surpassing, prob- ably just reaching, i\\:\ front, the last two longer than the first two joints, subequal and slightly incrassated. Thorax very transverse, nearU- tl iree i!; h ■i 406 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. times as broad ns long, the posterior lobe more than one-third of the whole, taporing pr«.)f ' regularly and very considerably from base to apex, which is not more than two-thirds as long as the base. Femora stout and large. Hcmelytra with the corinm extending a little beyond the middle of the abdomen. A single species is fo'and at Florissant, PROLYCJiEl'S INIIHDATUS. PI. 27, Fig. 13. Head very faintly and finely punctate, oblique sides of the thorax gently convex, front margin of tliorax marginate and broadly and slightly emarginate; surface di.slinctly, rather distantly and uniformly jjunctate. Coriui'. of lienii'lytra rather heavily punctate in series which are more or less longitudinal. Length, tyJi""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85"""; abdomen, 2.6"". Florissant. One sj)ecimen. No. 62{(9. 19. NKCROCHROMUS gen. nov. (yenpo?, xP<»f^«). Body very regularly oval, the broader end posterior, the abdomen being very full, laterally expanded beyond the costal margins of the closed heme- lytra, the whole body less than twice as long as broad. Head with the moderatel}' large eyes just as broad as the apex of the thorax, almost as long as broad, being strongly and angularly produced in front of the eyes, wliicli are situated at or clo.se to the base. Ocelli small, situated clo.se to the eyes on aline with their ])osterior margin; antennsK as long as head, thorax, and scutelluu], the first joint not or but .slightly surpassing the front, the other joints subequal, the fourth slightly the longest, the third shortest, the last two gently incrassated. Thorax transverse, broadest at !)ase, tapering rather or very rapidly, .scarcely longer than tlie liead, tliu sides convex, theob.scure posterior lobe rather less than one-fourtli of the whole. I^egs, or at least the femora, pretty stout. Ilenielytra with tiie corium surpassing the middle of the abdomen to a greater or less degree. , Three species are known, all from Fhn'is.sant. Table of the »peciei of Xecrochrumun. Thornx al>oiit twice ok lirnnd «n ImiK. Api'X oflliiir.ix iiiori' tli;i i t lint' foiiri lis as lim;; at liiisii; cDriiini of tu'inclytrii Hlimt . I. .V. cuikirilli. Apex »l' horix lianllv iimn' tli m li k'Tas loii^ .it b tHi<; corium of lnMiiolyira lon); i. .V. lahaliit, Tlioiiix ulioiit half as liroail again as loiif! :i. A', mixijicui. HEMlPTEUA-llETEUUPTEUA-LYGiEIDJ!!. 407 1. Necrochkomus cockerelli. PI. 27, Fig. 10. Head smooth. Thoriix fully twice m broad as loii}^, the apex mure than three-quarters the length of the base, gently tapering with arcuate sideii, the front margin gently and broadly eniarginate with somewhat rcMided lateral angles; sides marginate and on either side near the margin a gently arcuate sulcus subparallel to the margin ; the posterior lobe sepa- rated oidy by a slight carination ; whole surface uniforndy and distinctly punctate. Corium of liemely mi relatively short, hardly surpassing the mid- dle of the abdomen, clear, excepting a broad, fusco-fuliginous band along the membranal suture and the fuscous punctate veins ; the whole of the corium is also distantly punctate ; membrane clear, abdomen fusco-fuligi- nous with a broad, subniarginal, distinctly bordered, clear band not clearly observable in all specimens. Length, 6,15°""; breadth of thorax, 2.1.5"""; abdomen, 2.85"°'. Named for Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell, the industrious entomologist of Colorado. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 2229, 8139 and 8234, 9086. 10135, 11231. . 2. Necrochkomus labatus. PI. 27, Fig. U. Thorax nearly two and a half times ps broad as long, only a little longer than the head ; apex oidy three-fifths the breadth of the base, transverse, the sides oblique, gently arcuate, the outer anterioi- angles scarcely rounded ; the surface uniform, heavily jiunctate. Corium of hemelytra relatively long, reaching the middle of the outer half of the abdomen, pale teKtaceous except- ing rather large fuscous spots along the inner half of the membranal suture ; the whole surface punctate ; the veins infuscated ; abdomen as in last species. Length, 5"'"- ; breadth of thorax, 2 15™"'; abdomen, 2.8™". riorissant. One specimen, No. 2871. 3. Necrochromus saxificus. Anteiuia> as long as head, thorax, and scutellum, all but the apical joint dark ; the latter clear except for some slight blotches. Thorax trapezoidal, hardly half as broad again as long, tapering gently and regularly except • 408 TEKTlAitY IN8K0T8 OK NORTH AMKRICA. for tli« «lifflit arciiation of the sidoH from the extreme ba«e; the apox fully three-fourlliH iih hmg «« hani', the front margin gently t-margiiiatt', the oi.ter angles hnnlly rounded ; Murfaee punctate. Corium of hemelytra reaching almost to the middle of the apical half of the abdon)en, more or Ichs obscure and punctate; abdomen uniforndy dark fuscous, difl'ering from the other species in its relative narrowness, so that it is apparently not expanded laterally beyond the margin of the hemelytra. Length, <)"""; breadth of thorax, l.H"""; abdomen, 2.5""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 8927. 20. EXITELUS gen. nov. (e^irrfXa?). The body is long oval, njore than twice as long as broad. Head a little broader than long, as broad as the abruptly narntwed ape.\ of the thorax, but hardly half so broad as the base of the thorax; eyes rather small, situated in the middle of the head, the front between them strongly and roundly produced, with no angulation ; antenna; as long as head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassing the front, the last a little incrassated and apparently the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, narrowing rap- idly from base forward, abruptly ai the very apex, not muoh more than half as broad again as long, the sides a little convex. Fei\ )ni stout. Corium of hemelytra extending beyond the middle of the abchtincn, which, though full, perhaps does not expand laterally beyond the closed hemelytra. A single species is known. ExiTELfS KX.SANGUIS. n. 137, Fig. 2. Head and thorax fu.sco-fuliginous, the latter with a median sulcation, both sniootli, though the .scutelluin is faintly punctate; front margin of the thorax slightly emarginate. Corium of iu^melytra reaching the middle of the apical iialf of the abdomen, fuliginous with a central faint pallid spot, faintlv |)unctate ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous with a jtreniarginal, broad, clearly defined, pale belt which traverses the alxlonien in ecpial Ijreadth ju.st beyoiul the scutelinni. Length, 4.8.')""": l)rea(ltli (.f thorax, Li)"'"'; abdomen, 2""°. Florissant. One specimen. No. (!(!'(;. 21 HEM I PTKIl A— H KTEItOlTBltA— lA'd.K I IJvK. . OltYITOCIIROMUS jf«». nov. {HpvTrrdf, xn'^Ho)- 409 Hody of till oval Hliape, a very littlo more than twic^e as loiij^ a8 broad. Head lar^e, diHtitictly broader than the a|)ex of the thorax, fully half aH broad ajjaiii as loiiff, the front but slifflitly advanced befiu-e the eyea, very broadly aiiffulate. Kyes very lar}>e, half as lonj'' as the thorax, heniispher- ical, occupyiiifj;' the entire narrowed side of the head. Antenniv as loiiff aH liead and thorax, the first joint scarcely surpassiiij^ the head, the other joints Hube(iual in len^rth, the second very slender, the fourth distinctly incrassate. Thorax trapezoidal, a little more than twice as broad hh lonjjf, flattened, broadest at base, narrowiii}'' gently ui advance, the sides yeiitly arcuate, the apex two-thirds as broad as the base. Corium of hemelytra reachiiijjf beyond the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. One species only is known, from Florissant. Ckyptochromus letatus. Head, thorax, scutellum, and hemelytra, the latter perhaps to a less extent than the other parts, blackish fuscous, finely and uniformly punctate. Thorax about two and a quarter times as broad as long, the front margin roundly emarginate, the hind margin transverse, the posterior considerably longer than tlie anterior lobe ; a slight median aulcation. Corium of heme- lytra strongly infu.sctated, very long, reaching to the last abdominal joint, the membranal suture very oblique ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous. Length, 4.15' ; breadth of thorax, 2"""; abdomen, 2.15""". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 4487 and 11655. Snbthmily PYRRHOGORINA Stal. This peculiar group, by many regarded as deserving family rank, has never before been found fossil. The Florissant beds, however, yield two spiicies, which I have referred to Dysdercus. DYSDERCUS Amyot and Serville. To this genus, found all over the world, but not so rich in species with us as in the Old Worlil, un inhabitant mostly of warm climates, and repre- sented in the 'Inited States only in the southern portion, a couple of Flor- issant forms appear to belong. It has not before been recognized in a fossil i 410 TKRTIAUY IN8KCT8 OP NOIMII AMKIllCA. i I Mtiito, but it IH qiiitu puHHiblu thiit hoiuo of tliu iindoHrriluMl HpuciuH in the Kiiropenn Tortinrien rofoirt'd to LyjfiLMiH may hv fimiid on uxiuniiiittion to belong liero or to other I'yrrhocoriim, Hinco tho twoHpoiuos found at Fl()riH- niiut ch)Mely rimtMnblu thu HpeciuH of liV^^u'iiH from thif Mumo l)e(lM, and until thuir want of ouolli waH notud were ])hi('i)d noxt to thum. 7Vi6/r o/ Ihf »(ieritii iif /)y«(/< nin Mlildloofbotly belteil with a light Itnnd 1. /». Wd./Hf. Ikidy uniform in color , W. /A unirolur. 1. DysDERCUS CINCTTI8. PI. L'4, Flj{8. 11, la, 14, Head rounded, 8ubtriancies but one have to be referred to extinct genera, and the one exception may require a similar reference when better known. There are, however, but four genera with nine species. In two of them, one containing four species, it is difficult to determine in what relation they stand to existing types on account of the peculiarities of the neuration of the hemelytra. A third, Piezocoris, with three species, is remarkable for its large head, but otherwise does not greatly differ from ; i f) 412 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMERICA. Anasa, to which the remaining species is referred. In all the antennaj are brief and have the joints beyond the basal of more than usual equality. Table of the genera of Coreina. Ilcuil uot moru Miaii half as lotif; as tli» thorax 1. Anata. Ili'iid iiKiro than liairiix lon^ ax the thorax. An oliliqiit^ vein riiiiiiiiit! t'roin thi< upper apex of tho auiitral cell of tho ooriuiu to the coHta, iiicIoM. in^ a lar;;e rliomboiihtl cell at the apex of the coriiiui. Head and thorax ol'Hiiliei|iiiil length 'J. AchrcntovoriH. Head iimi'li tthorter than the thorax X I'hlhiiioioriii. No ublique veiu uor rhoiuboidal cell at apex of curium 4. i'ieiuvuni. 1. ANASA Ainyot and Serville. This American genus, rich in species in tropical and subtropical regions and with at least twenty species in North America having a great variety of form and general appearance, is best known to the public by our com- mon odoriferous " stpuish-bug." The genus has never before been found fossil, but occurs in a single instiince at Florissant, the species being some- what peculiar in the form of the anterior half of the thorax. AnASA PBISCOPUl IDA. PI. 24, Fig. 4. Head rounded triangular, together with the eyes rather more than half tlie width of tlit^ front lobi' of the thorax, of about equal length and l)roadtli, tho front stronji-lv pyotn.i'K'd in advance of the eves. Antenua- .somewliat more than half as lnii^- as the body, tho first joint but little stouter than the other.s, cylindrical, scarcely shorter than the head, the second and fourth subequal, the third smaller. Thora.v fully double the length of tlie head, the anterior and posterior lobes very distinct in tiieir form and struct- ure, the posterior occujjying two-thirds of the length witli rounded alations, which increase its l)readtli nearly one-third ; surface distantly and rather fiiu'lv granulate, except along its anterior edge, where the granulations uro. larger and more -crowiUMl : except for the alations the sides are straigiit ; anterior lol)i' very rapidly tapering in front, the sides strongly oblitpie and well rounded ; the front margin gently and broadly emarginate ; tiie surface smooth like tlie liciid. except for a few granulations along the anterior mar- gin and lateral edges. Sciitellum large, triangular, granulate like the pos- terior lobe of the thorax. Corium and clavus of tho hemelytra distantly il -i HBMIPTERA— IIKTEUOPTERA— COREII)^. 413 punctate in linear rows. Legs slender, tlie anterior femora lonjrer than the breadth of the body. Abdomen long and rather narrow with straight sides tapering apically. Length of body, 7'"'"; breadth of jjosterior lobe of thorax, 2,8™"'; abdomen, 2.25""" ; length of antenna-s, 4""". F'lorissant. One specimen, No. 13314. 2. ACHRESTOCORIS gen. nov. (axptjffro?, xopt?). This genus and tlie following are remarkable for the neur.it'on of the corium of the hemelytra, wliere an oblique vein runs from the upper apex of the central cell to the costa, in addition to the two other veins running from the extremity of the cell to the membrane, and so inclosing between itself and the U|)per of these two usual veins a large riiomboidal cell at the apex of the corium. In the j)re8ent genus the thorax is exc'ej)tionally short, being no longer than, if as long as, the small head. The head is subquad- rate, slightly longer than broad, less than half as wi le a« the base of the thorax, not much protluced in front of the antenuic. Aniennse not preserved in any of the specimens. Kyes large and rather prominent, ocelli minute, circular, more than twice as near the eyes as each other, opposi*^" the middle of the i)osterior half of the eyes. Thorax with truncate base, the sides tapering rapidly to the narrow apex, the ajical margin gently, regularly, and roundly emarginate, the whole more than twice as long as broad. Scutellinn very large, triangular, broader than long. Corium of heinelvtra large, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, which the membrane appears to surpass slightly. Membranal margin straight, very oblicpie Abdomen large and rather full, half as long again as broad. A single species is known. ACHRESTOCORIS CINERARIU8. ri. '22, Fig. 1. Pody robust, but litth^ more than twice as long as broad. Head very finely granulate, intraocular space about half as wide as the length of the head; tius color black. Thorax l»iackish fuscous with coarse and faint puncta', not very close together; sides with very slight ampliations; rest of the body l)lack or blackish fuscous. 1 lemelytra fiisco-fuliginous with dusky ■I 414 TEUTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. veins ; a broad band crossing the base of the abdomen and including the hemelytra of a reddish fuscous color. Length of body, 8.5°"" ; breadth of thorax, 3°"° ; breadth of middle of abdomen, 3.6""". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4480, 11223, 11234, 12085. 3. PHTHINOCORIS gen. nov. {tp'h'vco, ncpis). This genus agrees closely with the last except that the thorax is much longer, the head being distinctly shorter than it. It is of a similar robust form. The head is similarly shaped and well rounded ; the eyes are large, the ocelli small and circular, as near together as to the eyes and opposite the middle of the same. The antennai are scarcely half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout but short, not half so long as the head, the other joints subequal, but the fourth the smallest and scarcely incrassated. Thorax fully twice as broad as the head, tapering forward with rounded amj)liated sides, more or less distinctly separated into an anterior and posterior lobe (the anterior very short) by a transverse slight sulcation, sometimes marked by a series of granules. Hemelytra with the sanie structure as to the venation as in Aciu'estocoris, the central cell remarkably short, its apex being .scarcely beyond the center of the corium ; membrane slightly exceeding the abdomen ; this latter shaped as in Achrestocoris. Four species are known. Table of Ihv »pede$ of I'hihinocorU. Head much «horter than thorax; species of inedium hizo. Thorax aliiiOHt twice as broail at base as long 1. /'. collifiatiiii. Thorax iinicli lewt th.m twice as broad at base aa long 2. I'.letlarijkuii. Hea in length); licad not broa< ; the corimn about as long- as in the preceding species, or rather shorter ; not so short as represented in the figure, but extending as far as the membrane is there repi'esented. Legs short but slender. Length of body, 6.65""° ; of antenna',2.2.'>""" ; breadth of thorax, 2 25""" Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9451 and 10961, 10613, 12256. 4. PhTHINOCORIS PETRiEUS. This species is represented by specimens less well preserved than the others, but differs from tliem all in its much larger size and in the structure of the thorax. Tiie head is distinctly broader than long, more than half as broad as the thorax, distantly and very finely granulate ; the basal joint of the antennie is ])retty stout, but very short and but little surpasses the front of the head, Tlie thorax is twice as broad as long, the sides tapering rapidly but full, the surface coarsely and very distantly granulate ; the whole body is black or blackish fuscous with faint signs, in some instances at least, of a broad belt of lighter color across the body including in its anterior half the scutellum. Corium of hemelytra marked by coarse di.stant granulations following the veins ; it extends to no great distance before the tip of the abdomen. Length of body, 9.5"""; breadth of thorax, 3.1™"'. Florissant. Four speci.nen.s, Nos. 7769, 9999, 10366, 11766. fc i 4. PIEZOCORIS, gen. nov. {Triil^a^, n6pi?). A genus of Coreina peculiar for the large size of the head ; this is fully one-half, sometimes two-tliirds, the width of the thorax, subtriaiigular in form i lid well rounded, rather broader than long, the front rectangular, produced in front of the eyes ; the latter are rounded, prominent, the intraocular space beinjras broad as half the length of the head. Antennne much as in Phthin- ocori.s, the basal joint moderately stout, cylindrical, less than one-half as long as the head, the remaining joints subequal, the second .ad third slen- der, about half as broad as tlie basal, the last incrassated, subfusiform, nearly as stout as the basal. Thorax fully as long as the head, tapering, the apical margin more than half as long as the basal. The bemelytra of the HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA-COREIDiEJ. 417 ordinary structure. The legs nither short, slender, the bind femora scarcely so long as the width of the abdomen. Three species pre known. Table of the species of Piezocoria. No distinct dark spot noar apex of coriuni ; eyes largo. Apical niarf,'iii of thorax more than half as loi,g as the basal i p „eritus Apical iimruin of thorax loss than half as loug as the basal .'."!.'.".'"! "a'p ' comvactilis A <:!atiuct (lurk spot near the apex of coriiim ; oyes small .3. p. p^emiitiis 1. PlEZOCORIS PERITUS. PI. 25, Fig. 15. The whole body fusco-fuliginous, tinged more or less with blackish fiiscous. Head faintly granulate, excepting next the base, where it is more distinct. Thorax very coarsely and very distantly granulate, the sides nearly straight, the apical margin faintly and roundly emarginate and nearly two-thirds as long as the basal ; scutellum like the thorax. Corium of heme- lytra very coarsely punctate, especially next the base, reaching very near the extremity of the abdomen, which the membrane considerably surpasses. Legs short, the femora sube(pial, faintly punctate. Length of body, 7.5"'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2.8"""; length of antennae, 4""-. Florissant. One si)ecimen, No. 10956. 2. PlEZOCORIS COMPACTILIS. Whole body black. Head apparently smooth. First joint of antennaj surpassing a Httle the front of the projecting snout; second and third joints of the anteniue a little pallid. Thorax coarsely but not prominently and rather distantly granulate, the apical mai-gin broadly and roundly emargi- nate, a little more than half as long as the basal, the sides rapidly tapering with slight fullness. A])domen rather slender and long. Length of body, 7.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.75""'; length of antennae, 4"«". Florissant. One specimen, No. 5731. 3. PlEZOCORIS? PEREMPTUS. PI. 26, Fig. 14. Body blackish fuscous, mottled with pallid, especially upon the abdo- men. Head smooth excepting on its posterior border, where it is coarsely VOL xai 1»7 418 TERTIAllY INSECTS OF NOIITU AMERICA. ffrauulate; eyos very small, globular. Thorax very coarsely rnrl distantly granulate, perhaps a little longer than the head and certainly broader than long. Ilenielytra scarcely showing any veins in the coriuni, which is pale fuliginous, edged with dark fuscous, and with a large round fuscous spot just before the middle of the menibranal margin ; the membranal margin itself infuscatod at its two extremities ; membrane more deeply fuscous, especially toward tlie base and on either side, with numerous veins arising from a transverse vein following the membranal margin ; the extremity of the corium is far before that of the abdomen, which is barely covered by the membrane. Length of body, 9.05'"™ ; breadth, at least 3""". This species, being preserved only upon a side view, can not bo defi- nitely referred to this genus ; but as it agrees better with it than with any of the others and does not furnish characters sufficient for clear generic separation I have preferred to leave it in this place. Florissant. One specimen, No. 5633. ^ Subfamily ALYDINiE Distant. Although when compared to the other Coreidic, this subfamily is to-day but poorly represented in America, whether i- temperate or tropical regions, this was not the case in Tertiary times, for it was fairly well furnislied with genera and species, and as for numbers in individuals no group of Heter- optera could compare with it. ^[ost of the eight genera are extinct types and belong to the division of Micrelytraria in the immediate vicinity of Pro- tenor and Darmistus, with slender and unarmed hind femora, but also, as a general rule, with distinctly though delicately and profusely spined hind tibia;. One genus, Rhepocoris, contains the bulk of all, and of the four or five species bel.mging to it nearly all the specimens obtained belong to two closely allied forms, possibly to ho regarded as oidy one. In Europe but three fo.ssil Alydinu' have been recognized, and these have all been referred to the division Alvdariii. One from the brown coal of the Rhine is irrecojr- nizable at jiresent, but was referred by Germar to Alydus ; a second from Oeningen is a true Alydiis ; and a third, also from (^eniiigen but unde- scribed, was com[)ared l)y I leer to Alydus lateralis, now placed in the neighboring genus Camplopus. i. HEMIPTEUA— iiETEUOPTEllA-CUUEID.E. 419 Table of the genera of fossil Abjilinw. Hind fomora Hplnod bonoath 1. Cacalydui, Iliud femora iinunncd. Puatorinr lutural anglcH of thornx produced as a spine 2. Vydamus. Posterior lateral angles of thorax nut produced. Tliorax scarcely narrower at npcx tliiin at base 3. rarodarmiitus. Thorax dislinetly tapering from base to apex. First joint of antonn.o no longer than the head. Head distinctly longer than thu thorax ; flrst joint of antenniu (at least in Protenor) as long as the head. Body slender; thorax tapering gently, of about equal length and breadth. 4. I'rotenor. Body robust; thorax tapering rapidly, twice as broml as long 5. Tenor. Head and thorax 8nbe<|iial in length ; llrst joint of uuteniuu diorter tliau the head. Second joint of ant Miniu much longer than either of the 'hers (i. Ktirocoris. Second, third, and fourtti joints of antennic subeqnal ,..7 lihepoeoris. First joint of antenniu much longer than the head 8. Orthriovorisa, 1. CACALYDUS gen. nov. {huho^, Alydus, iioni. gen.). Nearly allied to Alydus but difFeriiij; from it in the structure of the antennoe, which are distinctly shorter than the body ; the first joint about as long as the head, the other three subecjual, the terminal joint incrassatcd gently, but no longer or scarcely longer than the second and third. The head is more than half as broad as the thorax, subquadrate or subrotund, of about equal length and breadth ; the eyes not very strongly prominent. The body is elongate, subeqnal, the thorax tapering forward to a greater or less degree. The legs moderately stout, the hind fomora strongly incras- satcd, and on the outer half of their inferior surface armed more or less dis- tinctly with spines. These, unfortunately, are not shown in the drawings of either of the species. Tabh of theaptciesof Vacali/diis. Species of largo size (more than eleven millimeters long); head scarcely constricted behind the ey^s. 1. ('. lapsus. Species of moderate size (less than uiue millimeters long); head strongly constricted behind tlie eyes. 2. C. exstirpatus. 1. Cacalydus lapsus. PI. 25, Fig. 12. A large species, of which unfortunately but a single specimen is at hand. Intraocular space of the head scarcely equaling one-half the width of the head, the surface rather coarsely, faintU', and transversely corrugate, not consti'icted in the least behind the eyes, so that there is no neck at the junction of the head and thorax. Tliorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, tapering but gently, the surface nearly smooth. Fore 420 THltTIAUY INSECTS OF NOllTU AMEUICA. femora with a median lonjritiulinal carina, not very prominent, middle and hind femora nnicJi enhir},'ed, the hind pair with delicate spines on only the a])ical liiilf of the inferior snrface. Lenffth, 12.4"""; breadth of thorax, 2.3""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.508 of tlie Princeton Collection. 2. Cacalydus exstirpatus. ri. 25, Fig. 3. Head subrotund, of about equal lenfrth and breadth, distinctly con- stricted behind the eyes so as to form with the rapidly taperin<^ thora.x a distinct neck ; intraocular part of the head three-fourths the width of the whole ; the surface coarsely {granulate. Thorax trapezoidal, fully one-third as broad ag'ain at base as at apex, not very coar.sely jfranulose. Legs rather slender, the middle femora agreeiii;^' l)etterwith the fore femora than with the hind ; the hind femora nuich swollen, armed on the inferior sur- face at and a little beyond the middle with six or seven large, coarse, irregu- lar, flattened, spinous detiticiilations ; the basal third of the same femora lighter colored than the rest of the femur. Length of body, 7.25 "'"' ; breadth of thorax, 2™". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. G62S, 1()70I>, 12102, UJ.'Ul. IP • 2. CYDAMrS Stal. This genus comprises, as far as known, only four or five tropical and subtropical American species. Tlie one whicii we here add from Florissant can be jilaced here oidy provisionally, as it does not agree in many striking features with the modern forms. In particular tiie l)()dy is more robust, not slender and elongate, as in the modern types. With this exception, it has never been recognized in a fossil state. CyUAMUS KOliUSTUS. ri. 20, Fig. .J. Head anil thorax similarly, delicately, and equaldy granulate, unle.ss the granuhitioits are cfiarser next tlie base of the tlxM'ax. Tli(»rax a little shorter than broad, tapering rather rapidly to the apex, wiiicli is not so broad as tlu; head, the eyes included, but broader than the intraocular part of the head ; outer posterior angles produced to a long, tapering spine 11 EM I PT E R A— UETF ItOPTEll A— COIIEID ^i. 42 1 directed equally backward and cutward, not properly represented on the plate ; the hinder margin slopes backward to aid in forming the spine, immediately the limits of the scutellum are past. On the scutellum the granulations become more or l^ss transverse corrugations, es^jccially toward the apex, but I can detect no scutellar spine. Ilemelytra extending a little beyond the abdomen, with the corium and clavus dark brownish fuliginous, rather distantly punctate with white in linear rows ; membrane very pale fuliginous, pallid next the apex of the corium. Length of body, not including the hemelytra, 5.75"""; homelytra, 4.5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5'""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7856. 3. PARODARMISTUS gen. nov. (Trdpn?, Darmistus, nom. gen.). Related to Darmistus Stt^l, but differing from it in the length of the last antenntal joint, which is no longer than either of the two preceding ; the antennaj are scarcely more than half as long as the body ; the basal joint is moderately stout, short, projecting but little beyond the front of the head, the remaining joints subequal, the last very gently and slightly incrassated, but not longer than the second, rarely longer Hian the third and then but slightly. Head and thorax of auboqual length, the head rounded or subquadrate, of about equal length and breadth ; tlie thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at apex than at base, yet never longer than broad. Ilemelytra just re.,.ching the end of the abdomen, the two principal veins of the membrane forming a median loop, its apex just before the center of the membrane, and from which radiate at tolerably regular dis- tances six or seven etpial or subequal forks. Hind femora slender and smooth, hind tibiii; delicately spinous. Six species occur in the Tertiary shales of America, all from Floris- sant. Tahh of the species of Paroilarmistua. Thorax about equally granulate tliroiigliont. Hind foinorn twico as long as tlio width of the thorax 1. P. abtciasua. Jlind fmimra lcs» than half as long again as the width of the thorax 2. P. cadiicui. Thorax with the posterior lobe very distinctly more coarsely granulate than the anterior. Thorax scarcely broader than long a. /'. colHaiis. Thorax considerably broader than long. * Thorax about half as broad again as long. Eyes of moderate size, not prominent; head and thorax subequal in length ..4. P. dcfcctut. Eyes very large and prominent ; head considerably longer than the thorax. 5. P. cxanimatus. Thorax twice ns broad again as long 6. P. inhibitui. HtaN 422 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH A.MKUICA. • 1. PaU01»4KMI8TU8 AH8CISSU8. U(i(ly iiiucli olongati'd and Hlendor, Head slij^litly longer tlian broad, broadi'st at tlio posterior margin of tlio eyes, l)cliind which tlio liead in somewhat stron;;ly contracted ; eyes pretty hirge, not very prominent. Anteiina> a little more than half as long as the body, very slender; surfaco of head not very coarsel\- but very considerably granulate, with a tond- eticy toward a transverse disposition of the granules. Thorax sulxpuul- rate, .scarcely narrower apically than basally, at the apex as broad as the head, including the eyes; the lateral angles of the front somewhat rounded ; surface like that ). Hody robust ; head subrotund, of about etpial length and breadth, the eyes centrally situated, small, globular, the front between thorn broadly rounded but much advanced, behind the eyes constricted. Thorax several times broader than long, not more than half as long as the head, strongly tapering, the apex as broad as the intraocular part of tho head. Abdomen tolerably full. Hind femora remarkably slender, scarcely longer than the width of tho body. ^ A single species is known. Tenor sPELUNCiE. Head uniform and coarsely punctate. Thorax similar but even more coarse, uniform throughout ; behind the prothorax tho body is nearly twice as broad as tho head ; whole body blackish fuscous ; tho legs testaceous. Unfortunately tho antennas are not present, and the hemelytra are too obscure to say more than that the corium and clavus are rather finely punc- tate linearly. Length of body, 7""" ; breadth of head, 1.5""°; base of thorax, 2.6"""; abdomen, 2.8"'™. Florissant. One specimen, No. 10227. 6. ETIROCORIS gen. nov. (re/po), Kopti). Head narrow, long, and slender, the front between the antennaj greatly prolonged, so as to reach beyond the apex of the first antennal joint ; the antenna) form the most remarkable feature ; the first joint is moderately 426 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. stout, and does not attain the extremity of the head, but this is only on account of the great prolongation of the same ; the second joint is of extra- ordinary lengtii, being about tw) and a half times longer than the basal joint, half as long again us the eloi;gated head, and slightly longer than the remaining joints together ; these are snbequal, and all the joints are nioder- a1 el/ slender, the last slightly incrassated if at all, and bluntly rounded at the apex. Thorax sliorter than the head and rapidly tapering, so tliat the apex is only half as long as the base. Abdomen rather stout with parallel sides. Legs unknown. A single Sj^ecies is known. Etirocoris infernalis. PI. 20, FiR. 16. The whole body blackish fuscous, including the antennae ; surface of the head punctate, like the thorax ; these two parts about equal in length. Veins of the corium punctate. Length of body, 7.25"=" ; breadth of thorax, 3.1""° ; length of antonnae, 6.3"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 0253. r ; 7. RHEPOCORIS gen. nov. (peTrai, uflp,?). This is the commonest form of the Alydiuie in Florif^sant, and is a genus of the Micrelytraria, with unarmed thorax and scutellum and t.ipering tho- rax, but is remarkable for its spinous hind tibia?, as well as for the characteris- tics of the antenna', by which it Is clearly separated from any modern t}pcs. The head is well rounded, of" about equal length and breadth as viewed from above. The antennaj liave a stout basal joint not half so long as the head, the three succeeding joints snbequal, slender, the last gently incrassated and fusiform, corresponding in this respect with the bulk of fossil Alydina;. The thorax is trapezoiclal, perhaps a little longer than broad, and tapers with .straight sides, not in the least full, to the head, forming a slight collar. The legs are moderately stout, the hind femora considerably longer than the otVio-."* and scarcely stouter, the liind tibiaj delicately but profusely spined throughout. Five species occur at Florissant, HEMirTERA— HETEBOPTERA— COEEIDJE. 427 Tabh of the tptoUt of Khepooorii. Head longer than broad ; hind legs long and slender. LargorandHtoiitor Hpooies, more than 8">"> long; thorax shorter than thd head ....1. B, praetectui, "^inialler and sluiidoror species, less than 8""" long; thoras as long as the head 'i. R, »iar'"iioen«. Head broader than long ; bind legs less long, Largest species, usually about H™™ long it. B. prn'ralenn. Medium sized species, usually about (>■""< long 4. R.propinquam. Smallest species, usually about 4. 5°>" long 5. i^ minima. 1. RhEPOCORIS PR.ETECTU8. Head one-fourth longer than broad, hardly constricted behind the eyes ; surface rather coarsely granulate with a tendency to a transverse arrange- ment. The thorax considerably shorter tlian the head and broader than long, the apical margin more than three-fourths as long as the basal margin ; the surface coarsely granulate. Hind legs exceptionally long, the femora being nearly half as long as the body. Length of body, 6 6"""; breadth of thorax, 1.4"""; length of hind femora, 3.2""°. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9756, 10645. 2. Rhepocoris MACRESCENS. Head subpentogonal, broadest in advance of the middle except for the eyes, from this point v'apering gently backward; the front triangular, rounded ; surface rather finely granulate, the antennte scarroly more tliaii half as long as the body. Thorax as long as tho head and slightly broader than long, tapering regularly from base to ape:^ the apical margin being about two- thirds as long as the basal margin ; the surface finely granulate in front, coarsely behind. Whole body blackish, hemelytra blackish fuscous, the membrane infumated with a large triangular pallid imtch at the apex of the coriuni. Legs blackish fuliginous. The hind femora less than half as long as the body. Length of body, 8.5"'° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5"'"' ; length of hind femora, 3.4'="'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 2158. 3. Rhepocoris utiEVALENs. PI. 25, IMgs. 4, 6, 7, a, 10, 11, 14, 16; PI. 2C, Pig. 11. Head rounded, scarcely longer than broad, uniformly and rather finely granulate, tho granulations on the under surface of the head showing a tend- 428 TERTIARY INSECTS OV NORT! AMERICA. ency to a transverse arrangement into corrugations. Antennie more than lialf as long as tlie body, slender, and pale, the whole body being black or blackish fuscous. Thorax trapezoidal, broader than long, as long as the head, tapering regularly and considerably in front, the apical margin being about three-fourths the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate. Hemelytra with the corium and clavus blackish fuliginous, the former just before the middle with a largo triangular pallid spot on the costal margin sending from ■ its apex a curved pallid shoot to the niembranal margin ; membrane pale fuliginous with a large trapezoidal pallid spot next the apex of the corium on the co.stal margin ; veins marked in fuscous. Legs dark fuliginous, the hind pair very slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the hind tibia) delicately and profusely spinous. Length, G.5-8.5""" ; average about S"". T\m is the commonest of the heteropterous insects of Florissant. Florissant. About one hundred and fifty specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 2431, 3257, .5069, 7102, 8374, 9045, 9170, 11211, 11217, 12081, 12087, and of the Princeton collection, 1.335 and 1.712. 4. Rhepocobis propinquans. PI. 25, Fig. 1; PI. 26, Fig. 13. In studying the species of I^'">i)ocoris I discovered that they were naturally subdivided into three grou])s according to their size, and that it was not often that there was any doubt into which of the three groups any given individual would fall. I Iiave accordingly separated the present sjjecies from those on either side of it, though I can give no characters at all except those of size. In a few instances there may be doubt into which of the two species, this and the preceding, any given individual may fall, inasmuch as the range of form comes close together, and it may be that these two .should be considered as one and the same species. IJut I have thought it be.st under the circumstances, juid in the hope of being able by more careful study to separate the forms on other characteristics than that of mere size, to keej) the two apart, at least provisionally. In each of these two forms the individuals may be separated as slenderer and stouter, which I regard as probably the two sexes, as they secjm to differ in no other constant char- acter that can be seen in their state of preservation. HEMIPTBEA— HETEBOrTEEA— COREIDiB. 429 In the present species the length varies from 5.5 to 6.5""", the average being about 6""'. Florissant. About eighty specimens, of which some of the best pre- served are Nos. 5002, 6652, 6980, 8467, 9276, 9585, 10033, 10263, 11015, 11212, 13307. 5. Rhepocoris minima. See tho proceeding species for some remarks on this. This small spe- cies appears to be also relatively rather stouter than the others, but other- wise it can hardly be said to differ in any characters which may be seized upon. It does not appear, however, that the hemelytra are so distinctly marked as appears to bo ordinarily the case in tho others, and this, when better specimens are found, may serve more readily to distinguish it from them. Length, 4.5-5.5"'" ; the breadth can not bo readily given as all the specimens are preserved upon their side. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3854, 6029, 11755, 11763. 8. ORTIIRIOCORISA gen. nov. {opdpio?, nopt?). An elegant genus of Microlytraria, not far removed from Darmistus Stal and apparently near Acostra Dall, from which it differs totally in tho form of tho front of tho head. It is long and slender in form. Head well rounded, a little elongate, the front scarcely produced in advance of the antennae, rounded, or perhaps a little angulate ; eyes moderately small, seated in the middle of the sides of the head ; antenna3 very long and slender, the first nuich longer than the head, nearly or (piite as long as the thorax, slender on tho basal half, gently incrassato and subfuslform on the apical half; the second and third joints are exceedingly slender, tlio third as long as the first and slightly enlarged at the extreme truncate tip, the second a little shorter; unfortunately tho fourth joint is not preserved; if as long as the third joint tho whole would bo still considerably shorter than the body and a little shorter than the hind femora and tibijxi together. Thoi'ax considerably longer than the head, tapering toward the apex with no lateral spines. Legs long and very slender, tho hind femora scarcely incrassated and both they and the tibiiu totally unarmed, the femora longer than the tibia% the latter about as h»ng as head and thorax together; the length of the first tarsal joint about ocjuals that of the other two together. A single species is known. 480 TEltTlAUY INSECTS OP NOETH AMERICA. i! Obtiibiocorisa lonoipes. PI. 26, Fig. 1. A single remarkably well preserved specimen lies upon its side on a very fragile sheet of shale. The general color is a dark, sometimes, and especially on the less solid parts, a light, testaceous. The head seems to be smooth except for here and there a small granule ; the rostrum shows only the central black needle which reaches the mesostethium. The thorax is rather heavily and pretty closely punctate, and the corium of the hemelytra similarly punctate in serial rows along the course of the veins. The state of preservation is poorer posteriorly, so that the length of the abdomen can not be accurately told, but it appears to extend beyond the reach of the hind femora. Length of body (partly estimated), 11°"" ; basal joint of antenna;, 2""°; hind femora, 4.75""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 8604. ■I ,i I Subfamily PSEUnOPHI.CEINA StSl. This rather limited subfamily is much better developed in the Old than the New World. In the United States but a couple of genera occur, each with a single species, and, in the Biologia Centrali Americana, Distant records but three genera, each witii a single species. Yet, although never detected in the European rocks, Florissant yields an extinct genus allied to one found in Central America, and it is well represented there, as will be seen immediately below. HEEKIA gen. nov. Allied to Arenocoris but with second and third antennal joints subequal. Of our native forms it approaches nearest to Scolopocerus Uhl., if the Mex- ican species descril)ed by Distant lie included therein, but the structure of the antenna' again is different. The body is of a more or less oval shape, the l)ro'>der end posterior. Head n)oderately small, rounded, of abotit ecpial length and breadth, the front between the antenna' never greatly, si>nu'times scarcely, advanced ; antenna; not more than half as long as the body, the basal joiflt stout, cylindrical, about as long as the head, the second and third joints subequal, long, slender, and sometimes, IJEMIPTEllA— HETEROPTERA -COBEIDJ!}. 431 especially the third, enlarging apically where truncate ; last joint long oval, scarcely moio than one-third as long as the third, nearly or quite as stout as the basal. Thorax trapezoidal, the apical margin of the breadth of the head, the basal fully half as broad again, the sides more or less rounded. Henielytra large, covering the abdomen, except possibly the sides in the broadest species, tlie corium reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. All the species have heavily granulate thorax, tlie last joint of the antennae more or less granulate, and the corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate. The genus is named in memory of Oswald Heer, of Switzerland, the principal student of fossil insects in the last generation. Three species are known, all from Florissant. To We of the $pecies of Ileeria, Huad broadly rounded between the antennie. Body ample, much lens than twice m long tts broad 1. ff. gulosa. Body loss ample, twice as long as bruad 2. H, lapidosa. Head angularly produced between the autennai 3. H.fceda. 1. Heeria gulosa. PL 27, Figs. 5, 12, 18 ; PI. 28, Fig. 17. Whole body tole!~' ly uniforni blackish fuscous, the lateral incisures of the abdomen paler. Head, whole of first, apical extremity of second and third, and basal two-thirds of fourth joint of antennae finely granulate, these parts in the antennae blackish, the other parts of the middle joints of the antennas pale testaceous and faintly granulate, the apical third of the fourth joint smooth and blackish fuliginous ; front of head between the antennae broadly rounded, scarcely advanced, not at all ungulate. Thorax heavily gramilatc, aliiiost twice as broad on the basal as on the apical margin, and fully twice as broad as long. Hemelytra with the corium heavily and irregularly punctate. Abdomen broad and full, about half as broad again as the base of the thorax. Length of body, 9.15'"'"; antenna), 4.8"""; breadth of base of thorax, 3.3.')""" ; middle of abdomen, 5'"". Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 789, 1977, 4269, 6151, 11773, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.560 and 1.802, 1.831. Ml 432 TERTIAltY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEKICA. 2. IIeekia lapiuosa. n. 27, Figs. 3, 19. In color this species entirely resembles the preceding both as to body and antennaj. The head and first joint of antenna; are here as coarsely granulate as the thorax, while the other joints of the antenna; resemble those of the last species ; the front of the head is as there. The thorax is perhaps a trifle longer than in II. gulosa and has straighter sides, but other- wise does not differ. The hemelytra are similarly punctate. The main difference is to be found in the abdomen, which, though full, is not nearly so full as ii: the preceding species, the breadth being scarcely half the length of the body. Length of body, 8.5""" ; antenna;, 4.5""" ; breadth at base of thorax, 3.25""" ; at middle of abdomen, 4""". Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. 1648, 1884, 3767, 4617, 5703, 5!)65, 804!), 12241, 14179 and 14197, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.804, 1.817. 3. Heeria fceda. In color like the other spocies. Head scarcely granulate, the front between the antonnju advanced angularly by half the lengtli of the first antennal joint to less than a right angle, the angle rounded. Antennie throughout slenderer than in the other species, and shorter, scarcely in the least granulate anywhere. Thorax coar.sely granulate, the base a third longer tiian the apex, less than twice as broad as long. Hemelytra rather distantly punctate. Abdomen much as in II. lapidosa. Length of body, 8""" ; antenuic, 3.25'"™ ; breadth at base of thorax, 2.7""" ; at middle of abdomen, 4"'"'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3097, 7874, 7974. ' Subfamily CORIZIDA M:iyr. A few fossil forms have l^een refer id to this group, not very abundant in species at the present day. Tiio most prolific gemis in either Old or New World is Corizu.s, to which all the four species from the American Tertiaries descrilted below are referred. Tiie only described European form is one from Oeiiiiigen referred by Heer to an extinct genus, Ilarmos- tites ; Corizus, however, is said to occur at Aix, but, as I shall point out below, its reference hero is doubtful. i HEMIPTERA— HETEROrTERA— COREID^. 433 CORIZUS Fallt^n. Two fossil species liavo already been referred to this genus, both from Aix. One, liowever, as shown by Heer, belongs rather with Pachynierua, and the other is merely indicated as being half the size of Therapha hyoscyanii of Europe. In America the genus is best developed within the tropics, but has abundant representatives in the United States. Three of the Florissant Heteroptera appear to fall within its limits, and a Green I4lver species, which I formerly took for a Reduvius, appears also to belong here. Table of the apeolet of Corizus, Without an iuterriipted serien of lateral HpotH. .SiiialU'i' formH, not exccediuj; tivu niillinietor8 in lenKtli 1. C. celaUis. Larger forms, exceeding six iiiiliinieterH in length. Body relatively Htont, altoit tliree tiineH as long as bioud 2. C. ahdilirun. Body relatively slender, nearly fonr times its long an broud 3. C. somiiiiniiii. An interrupted series of lateral spots 4. C. gtitlaliis. 1. COKIZU.S CKLATUS. PI. 27, Fiff. 15. Head a little broader than long, with the eyes a little broader than the apex of the thorax, subtriangular, the front angularly produced between the antenna', the basal joint of which seems barely to surpass the apex of the front ; the remaining joints slen:^^r. Thorax half as broad again as long, tapering forward with slightly ampliated sides, the front margin gently and broadly emarginate, scarcely more than half as long as the base, the surface densely and sharply ])unctate, and a faiiit sign of ji median sulcation. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, clear excepting along the finely punctate principal veins and near the outer apex, which is wholly clouded. Abdomen dark, with broad premarginal pale lateral l)ands. Length, 5"'™ • breadth of thorax, 1.9""". Florissant. Three specimens, No.s. I9r)2, (5369. 14205. 2. CoRIZUS ABDITIVUS. PI. 25, Fig;. 5 ; PI. 26, Fig. 4. Body relatively stout, about three times as long as broad, the head rounded, hardly subtriangular, considerably broader than the apex of the thorax, the front roundly i)roduced between the antennre, the basal joint of VOL XIII 28 • 434 TEUTrARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. which consitlerahly surpnsseH the apex of tlio front ; the second and third joints of untenniv of equal diameter and very slender, the last joint a little incrnssate..')""" ; antenna-, 4"'"'; hind femora, 2.4"""; breadth of body, LS"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 14193. 4. CoKIZUa (JUTTATUS. PI. 7, FiR. 11. iferfuriiM? giiltntim Scmld., Bull. \'. S. G«ol. Ceoni. .Siirv. T.Ti., IV, T71 (1878). Two specimens of this species have been found, one with reverse, by Mr. Richardson, the other by myself. Mr. Richardson's specimen is very ol)scnre and distorted, and without the aid of the other could not have been determined. The in.sect probably belongs to Oorizus, or at all events falls in its inunediate vicinity. All parts are rather obsciure, but the head evi- IlKMIPTKKA— HBTKROPTEBA— PENTATOMII);i5. 435 (lently tapers iiiid is roundly pointed in front, tlie tliorax narrows gently from behind forward, and is nearly as long as hroad ; the Hcutollum is rather small, triangular, the apex bent at a right angle and rounded. The abdomen is ovate, twice as long as broud. The species is marked with round, dark s[)ot8, about 0.2""" in diameter, on either side, one at ..e outer edge of the front of each abdominal segment, and one in the middle of either transverse half of the thoici:', a little removed from the outer border; the anterior ones half-way between the border and the middle line. The whole surface a])pears to hv very minutely granulated. The tegmina can not be seen. Length of body, r)!)""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.4"'"'; of abdomen, 1.6r)"'"'. From its form I forn)erly referred the insect doubtfully to Reduvius, but its size alone would preclude such a reference. Green River, \V\oniing. Two speciniens, Nos. !)" and 96* (F. C. A. Richardson), 4070 (S. 11. Scudder). Family PENTATOMIDyE Stephens. This family has always held the first j)lace among Ileteroptera in Ter- tiary deposits, l)ut with the publication of this volume its place is disputed by the Lygii'ida'. This is due not oidy, though jjrincipally, to the excep- tional abundance of the Lygieida' at Florissant, but also to the rather meager l)roportion of the Pentatomida, as will appear below. In European deposits only a single species is known from amber, while fifty have been exhumed from the i*ock deposits. They represent onl}- four of the nine subfamilies, and the great majoritA' belong to the two subfamilies Cydnida and Penta- tomida, the former with sixteen species referred to four genera, the latter with twenty-five species referred to six genera The other subfamilies rep- resented are the Scutellerina with five species of two genera, Pachycoris and Tetyra, both at Oeningen, and the Acanthosomina with four species of two genera, Acanthosoma and Phla'ocoris, both at liadoboj. Besides these a Pentatoma is reported from Greenland and a Cydnus from New South Wales. The American forms here brought to notice represent only the sub- families Cydnida and Pentatomida, but in reverse jjroportion to what appears in FiUrope, the Cydnida l»eing very well represented by twenty-four species of six genera, nearly all of them by a number of individuals, and one by a great niany, the Pentatoniida on the contrary by only thirteen species of 430 TRirriAiiY iNHK(rrH of noutii amkrica. ten jfoiiom, 1111(1 of oiicli of tlicso HpocioH uumi than ii siiii>l»( (•xiiiii|)l«« lias rnroly boon found. Wliilo tlioroforo tlio prevalent. Hnl»familios arc tlio Hanio n»i *l|.. ti'-,, fontinonts, one has soiircely hiilf as many reprosontativeH in Anierioft as in Knropo, while the other hiis half as many more. A very strikin;,'' pcH-iiliarity is found in the Amerionn IVntatonjidio as n whole, whether Cydnitla or 1 Vntatomida. In livin;;' forms the vast majority have u lonj; scutelhnn n^nohiiiff heyond tho middle of th(! abdomen, ami liavp the tip produced, formin;^ a parallel-sided apical l(il)u. In tho Ameri- can Tertiary forms, .so far as yet known, with only a sinfjle exception, no Huch apical lobt* exists, but the Hcutellum ends with an anjjfular apex, some- times a little roiniiled, Imt the sides perfectly straijjht and confluent at least in the apical half: besides which, or perhaps partly as a consetpionce, the scntellum does not roach farther than, sometiinos does not attain, the middle of the abdomen. It lias soomod necessary thorefon^o establish a consid- erable numl)or of new jfoneric s the IVntatoniida. Witli tho exception of a (•(tni)le of forms, represented each by a sinjjfhf spociiiien, and whicii are referred to modem types, (Jyrtomonus and Discostoma, all tiu' others are remarliahlefor ditfer- iii}^ apparently from nearly all livinf>' types and also from the known fossils in the short and accurately trianj^nlar scutellum, a<^reeinji^ in this respect with the Florissant Peiitatomida, and, as there, necessitating the establishment of several new •^•eneric {groups. Those, however, are more prolific in species, and tho species in individuals, than is tho case with the Pontatomida. Table of the ijeniru of Cydiiida. Hody 1«HM than 10 niilliiii«t«rH luii);. Soulolliiiii IriiviiKuliir, not proiliici^d at tlio apox, an broad as Ion;. Head (U'cply Niink in llin tlioiux, llu'iirptli of tboeinaiginutioii of the thorax onibraoingitboing nuarly or i|iiit(i half Uh width, Itudy nioru than twico as lon^ uh broad 1, Sleiidiiillii. Hody less tlian twicr lis U>;ij; as broad ' millirni'turs liiii); (>, lH»vuHlomu. 1. STKXOPELTA gon. nov. {ari-y<'<;, TrtXri}). Body more than twice as lonjf as broad, the sides nearl}' j)arallel, with broadly rounded ends, the anterior curve broken by the head, one-half of whicli is advaiic'd beyond its outline, the other half sunken in the thorax, whicli is deeply emiU';;in:ite to receive it; tho eyes, which are moderatelv laroe, glol)uliU-, and central, are thus brouj^ht to the ciljre of the thorax ; in front of tho eyes the liead is rouiuled with a slijrjit an^jfulation, the whole nearly circular; tlie ocidli are larlit sides, nearly half as broad a.<>ain as louj^, reaching' less tliaii a third way to the tip of the abdomen. (.!': 438 TKKTIAUY INSKCTS OK NOKTII AMKUI(5A. A Hin;^Iu sju'ciuM is known, from (Jreoii Kivor, foniicrly rcferrod to vEtlaia StKNoPELTA I'lmCTIILATA. PI. 7, Kij,'H. IJ, 13. .Elhim puitvluliiluii 80111I1I., Hull, ir, S. (lenl, ()»o)!r. Siirv. IVrr., IV, 7(l'J-770 (1878). I repeat lioru tlio original deMcription, although it containH luuny generic details : Body ot' nearly e(|iial hreadtii throughout, the sides of the abihtnieii a little fuller, llcud roiuided, sinall, the part behind the eyes rounded, as deep as the portion in front of them ; front as seen from above, well rounded, well advanced, sul)angulato ; eyes moderately large; ocelli large, situated close to, a little i)eliind, and within the eyes, and about one-third their diameter; surface of head minutely and obscurely granulate, 'i'honix nearly etpud, slightly broadening posteriorly, the anterior angles well rounded, the front Ixtrder very deeply and roundly excised, the hind border nearly straight ; the whole fully twice as bri»ad as the head and twice as broad as long. Scutellum obscure, l»ut apparently of about etpial length and breadth, and regularly triangular. Alxlomen well rounded, half as long again as broad. Tegmina obscure or l(»st in all the specimens seen. Thorax and scntoliuin minutely granulate, like the head. Posterior half, at least, of the ab(h>inen profusely covered with shallow punctm'e.s. Length of body, lUr)""" ; of head, 0.(1"""; of middle o. diorax, 0.7.0"""; breadth of head, O.S""" ; (.f thorax, 1.7"""; of abdomen, 1.H5""". Green River, Wyoming. Five s|)ecim(ms, Nos. lit'', (>7'', 74", 172 (F. C. A. Richard.son), 419;J (S. H. Scudder). 2. I'KOCVDNII.S gen nov. (t/ui*, Cydnus, mun. gen.). liody less than twice as long as broad, ovate, with extremities more or less tapering, especially in front, by the more rapid narrowing of the thorax, the head sometimes completely sunken in the thorax, at other times half projecting beyond the anterior curve of the body; it is always broader than long, though somc^times nearly circular; the eyes an; moderately large, not very prominent, subcentral, the ocelli large and .sitmited well behind the prodiiceil anterior curve of the thorax in the deep emargination for the reception of tlie head. Thorax siibtrape/.oidal, more than twice, .sometimes thric(!, its miildlc length, truii(',;it() at base, the sides more or less 1 1 li.M I I'TKH A-II KTKKOI'TIOKA— I'KNTATOM I DM. 489 obli(|uo, iiiid urcuatc, flu^ fruiit liitoriil iiii^htH jilwayH rniiiulud, HometiniOH bo nmcli iiH to (liMiippciir. Sciitollum iiMimlly hiiiiiII, iiovor laiffo, triaiijifulur, with Htmij^lit sidt'H, of viuyinjf |no|)oitioiiH l)ut uevvv l»»iijfei tlian broad, rt'acliiiij,' fidiii Ic'HH tliaii a third to oiio-haU" way to tho tip of tlio abdomen. A hirgo iiumbur of spccioH occur in our Western Tertiaries, uU found at FloriHwnit and one also at (Jreen River. Tiihlr 11/ the •/Jtft'iri 0/ I'roci/ilHilf. Ant(Brior linirurtlinrux iiiiir- k % : iy 440 TERTiAKY INSECTS OF NURTII AMERICA. 2. Pkocydnus devictus. PI. 28, Fig. 4. Head minute, siibcircular, hiirdly a fourtli as wide as the thorax, its posterior third sunken in the thorax, which is here narrowly hut ratlier deeply eniarjjfinate to receive it. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as lonj'', taperin«f from the base and with the sides strongly arcuate, so that the wiiole is nearly semicircular but for the narrow rouiuled emargination (not shown on the plate) for the head ; basal margin ti'uncate or scarcely (!oii- ver ; surface perfectly smooth and I'egular, with an anterior, transverse, arcuate, impressed line opening forward, half as broad as and one third the depth of the lliorax. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth, the base fully three-fourths the widtii of the thorax, nearly three-fourths as long as broad, and reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Ilemelytra with the corium reaching half-way to the ti}), uniforndy (M)riaceous, testaceous, vvitli faint and sliallow e(|uidistan( ami rather dis.'ant punc^jw. Hind tibia; densely si)inv. Abdtunen very broad and full, <^f nearly ^cpial length and breadth. Length of bod v, o""" ; breactii. i5.l"'"\ Florissant. One specimen, Nt). 11225. ;{. PROCYDNIIS DIVEXUS. Head imperfeiiiy preserved in both the specimens at hand. Thorax shaped m'K-h as in the species which have preceded this, twice as long as its middle length, with a ver\- deep rounded emarginatioii in front, less than a third the width of the thorax aiul three times as broad as deep, the lobes beside it well advanced, the surface finely and closely but not very deeply , unc'.ate. Scutellum with similar scidpture, rhe apex scarcely less than rectangular, tiie base about two-thirds as wide as the thorax. IIem(;lytra havnig the similarly punctate corium occupying fully the basal three-fifths, the full and well rounded abdomen of etpial length and breadth and punc- tate. Hind tibia- very slender and rather feebly spined. Whole body unifonnly blackish r)rown. Length, 4.7""" ; breadth. 3""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2132, l.'}154. IIEMIPTEUA— HETEltOPrEKA— PENTATOMIDJi. 441 4. PkOCVDNUS (QUIETUS. Head neiirly one-half as broad as lue tliorax, well rounded, half as broad agahi as lou;^. Thorax siibtrapezoidal, tapering from the base at first sliglitly, afterwards a little more rapidly, so that the sides are a little arcuate, and the rounded anterior lateral lol)es rather prominent from the deep almost angular emurgination of the front, which is hardly more than a tliir -. tli-i width of thorax, and only a little more than twice as broad as deep; i 'ifaoc apparently smooth, punctate along the lateral margin. Scutellum no'iHv two-thirds as broad as the thorax, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdoniei;, the apex nearly rectangular, the surface punctate, somewhat shorter than broad, llemelytra with the coriaceous corium hardly occupy- ing more than half the wing, serially punctate, of a testaceous color, the membrane faintly infuniated. Tibi.. densely spiny. Abdomen full, broadly rounded, a little longer than broad. Length, 4.1-:.5"""; breadth, 2.4-2.6"'"'. Florissant, Eiglit specimens, Nos. 20G(), (iSTi, 7652, 10092, 10174, 10531, 12771, 14186. 5. Pkocydnus keliquus. riead rounded, broader than long, nearly half as broad as the thorax. Thorax nearly three times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the base, the sides considerably arcuate, with scarcely any sign of an an«^^rior lateral shoulder, the emargination of the anterit)r border half as broad as tlie base of the thorax, shallow and uniform, followed by a median arcuate sulcation half a« broad as tie emargination and e([ually deep; the surface is ;i|)parei)tly ifaitc smooth, but there are signs of punctuation at the extreme lateral margins. Korw of the scutellum not evident, but apparently exactly as in the last .s]><'^'ies. I'orium of hemelytra reaching considerably beyond the middle Abdomen futi but ccnisiderably longer than broad. Whole bod\- uniformly daKi<. the c(^rium of hemelytra dark testaceous. Length, 5.')""" ; breadth. .1""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 434. 442 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. 6. PrOCYUNI'S VESPERU8. PI. 28, Fig. 15. Head tolerably large, rounded, broader than long, together with the projecting eyes more than a third the width of tlie thoiax. Thorax almost or quite three times as broad as the middle length, the shape very much as in tl>e preceding species, with an equally broad but much deeper emargina- tion of the front, the surface very finely, faintly, and densely punctate. Scutellum less than two-thirds as broad as the thorax, considerably broader tlian long, the pointed angulate apex extending less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra witl. a rather short puuctate corium. Tibi.T heavily spined. Abdomen full nad broadly rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of body blackisli brown, the hemelytra with the corium blackish fuliginous, the membrane faintly infumated. Length, 4..'>""' ; breadth, 2 Oh.""". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 70, 14.'), 246 4. .5612. i>i s >■ 7. Pkocydm'.s katoni. A poorly preserved specimen represents this speci«ak, remarkable for its very large and nearly circular head, whicli Ih half as wide as the abdomen and scarcely broader than long, and is deeplv embedded in the tiiorax. The latter is shaped much as in the last two or three s|)ecies, nearly two and a half times as broad as its median lengtii, the tn»nt deeply and broadly emarginate to receive the head, the emargination very regular, consideral)ly more than half as broad as tiie tiiorax, and a third as deep as broad. Scu- tellum broad and short, the angulate apex not at all less than a rigiit angle, reaching much less tiian half-way to the tip of the aiidomen. The only signs of j)unctuation, fine and dense, are on the broadlv rounded abdomen, which is considerably longer than broad. ( )ther pturts not clear. The whole blackisli br(»wn. Length, (1.7.5""" : breadth, ;}.(i"'"'. Named for one of the pioneers in American geolttgy, Amos Eaton. Florissant. One .specimen, Net. iH.Oa. HBMIPTERA— HETEllOPTEU — PENTATOMlDiE. 443 8. Procyonus hamillanus n. 7, Pig. 19. CydnuHt mamillanm Soiidtl., Bull. IT. S. Qool. «eogr. Siirv. T«rr., IV, 770 (1878). Tlie body is broad and convex in front, with a rapidly tapering' abdo- men, scarcely at all rounded, even at the tip. The head, as seen from above, is nearly circular, shaped much as in Stenopelta punctulata from the same l)eds, but more broadly and regularly rounded in front, with the cen- tral lol)e broad, and defined by rather strongly impressed furrows ; the • '-•lii are large, situated just behind the anterior extension of the thoracic lokies ; the surface of the head is rugulose. Thorax more than twice as broad as the head, and more than half as long again ; the sides rounded, being broadest at the posterior border, narrowing in front and roundly excised at the anterior angles ; front border very deeply hollowed behind the head, leaving prominent front lobes on eitln^r side, nearly as large as the head "td strongly mamillate ; hind border nearly straight The sur- face is minutely granulate, besides which there is a transverse belt of rather large and distant punctures midw.'iy between the mamillations and the hind border. The scutellum is very largo, rounded-triangular, broader than long, and gcanulate like the tliorax. Corium of tegmina, which occupies their greater portion, obscurely and distantly punctulate ; abdomen trian- gular, the apex bluntly pointed. Length of body, 4""" ; of head, S"'"' ; of either lateral half of thorax, I.3.')"""; breadth of iiead, l""" : of thorax, 2.4""". Greeii '*iver, WyyUS gen. nov. {yunpo?, Cydnus, nom. gen.). The species of thi- have the .same oval form as those of the preceding genus, and differ from rlieui in little l)ii; the relation l)etween the head and thorax, the latter verv brv>a(L and shallowly emarginate in front, and the former consecjuentlv tMnbrac^Ml l)v the tliorax to a much smaller degree. The head is rounr<*;ullli at tin* bottom of the apical fiiiargination al>oiit thri'f I'oiirtliH that of tlii> basal iiiari.'in I. .\, nit«riii(; consideriiiily, thi! lateral aiijjle.s „i" front n«l |irii;il liorder niinal segment, punctate, the puncta- serial only near the sutura clavi. Tibia^ heavily spined. Abdomen a little ])roduced, so that the jxisterior curve of the body is scarcely so broad as the anterior. Length, 6"'™ ; breadth, 31)""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6(j54, 9947. mi 5. Necuocvdnus amyzonus. PI. 28, Fig. 10. Head rather small, rounded subtriangular, nearly or quite twice as broad as long, hardly more than a fourth as broad as the thorax. Thorax twice as broad as the niedian length, tapering considerably, with rather strongly arcuate oblicjue sides, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the apical emargination regular, considerable, rather deep, and very broad, the surface of the thorax (nen and very finely and closely punctate. Scu- tellum nciirlv as long as broad, fully two-thirds as broad as the thorax, the apex reaching about half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface like the thorax. Hemelytra with the corium reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, feeblv punctate. Legs densely spined. Abdomen broadly rounded. Whole Itody uniforndy blackish fuscous, the corium of hemelytra dark cas- taneou.s, the membrane clear. IlKMIPTEUA— UKTEUOI'TEltA— rENTATOMID.E. 447 This is the commonest fossil cydnid known in tlio " Amyzon shales." Length, 4.25-5.1""°; breadth, 2.2-3.1""". Florissant. Twenty-nine specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 1919, 2100, 4565. 4G63. 4851, 7543, 9583, 1122G, 120G8, 12987, 14221, 14224. 6. Necrocydnus senior. Head well rounded, transversely oyate, nearly a third as broad as the thorax, half as In-oad again as long. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering but little, the lateral angles of the front prominent, the apical eniargination considerably and tolerably deep, the surface appar- ently finely punctate, with two posteriorly converging shallow and faint sulcations crossing the disk longitudinally from the outer edges of the eyes backward. Scutellum moderate, more than half as broad "as the thorax, broader than long, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium punctate in serial rows, reaching the middle of the antepenultimate segment of the abdomen. Tibia? heavily spined. Ab- domen full and rounded, hardly so long as broad. Color blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium dark testaceous, the membrane clear. Length, 4"'"' ; breadth, 2.5™"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2732, 11566, 11793, 13155. 7. Necrocydnus solidatus. P). 28, Fig. 13. A stout species, fuller in front than behind. Head transversely ovate, about twice as broad as long and about one-third as broad as the thorax. Thorax hardly twice as broad as the median length, tapering but very little, the lateral angles of front very prominent, the apical emargination very broad and otdy moderately deep ; surface even and distantly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, the angular apex not reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium apparently reaching the penultimate abdominal segment. Tibia; very heavily and coarsely spined. Abdomen subconical, pointed. Length, .").(i""" ; breadth, 3""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6967, 8840. 448 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 8. Neckocydnit8 revectus. A very broad, stout, iiiid roundi'd wpocios. Head rather Htnull, well rounded, at least half as broad agaiu as lon;^ and scarcely a fourth as wide as the thorax ; the anteiuiiv about as lonji^ as the tl: 'rax. Thorax about twice as broad as the median leufjth, with strouylv arcuaic, ^osuewhat oblique sides, which curve rapidly on the anterior half to the ends of the apical eniarjfination, which is hardly one-third as lon<»' as the l)asal margin, moderately shallow and very regular; surface even, finely, uuiforinly; and densely punctate, as is every coriaceous part of the body. Scutellum nearly lialf as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the scarcely less tlian rectangular apex not extending half-way to the apex of the abdomen. Hemelytra reaching as far as the tip of the abdomen, the niembrajie small. Abdonu'U very broadly round(! lliorax not H"'-"'.''' ''"*'* •'"'" •''"' of f the abdomen. Ilemelytra with the corium hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, heavily punctate in serial rows. Tibia! strongly but not very densely spined. Abdomen very full and rounded, fully as broad as long. Color black, the corium of hemelytra very dark castaneous, the membrane infiimated. Length, 4""" ; breadth, 2.25""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. b'uu, 6613. 2. Thlihomenus pakvus. PI. 19, Fig. 23. Head small, hardly more than a fourth as wide as the large thorax. The latter scarcely twice as broad as long, with nearly straight, scarcely oblique sides and prominent outer anterior angles, so that the thorax tapers l>ut little, the length of the apical being but little less thar that of the basal margin. There is a slight and short rounded emargination on the anterior border, and the surface is even and very shallowly punctate. Scutellura similarly punctate, v«ry short, not nearly reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, and hardly more than three-fifths as broad as the thorax. Ilemelytra, with the corium. easily reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, more coarsely punctate. Abdomen very broad and rounded, not nearly so long as broad. Of a uniform, griseou> color. The parts in front vol, xni- •2(1 t50 TKHTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKHKA. i I ' ■ I of the hoad and folln\viii;jf the coriuiii of tho hoii'.elytm on the phite are for- eign to the specimen, whicli is not well ropresenttd there. Lent'th, 3 2r>""" ; breacith, 2.25""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 4552. 3. TuLinOMKNI'S PF.nKNN'ATrS. Head very rej^fnlarly roniukul, con.Hiderably broader than lonjr, about a third the width of the tlmrax. Tiie latter is a little less than twice as broauter anterior an^^lcs well rounded but tolerably prominent, the apical border j,'ently eniarfjfiiiate for a distance about e(|ual to a third of the base of the thora.x. Scutellnni rather small, hardly more than half as In-oad as the thorax, and shorter than broad, extendinjj not nearly hr.lf-way to the tip of the abdomen, the siu'face and that of the thorax even, with the faintest and shallowe.st possible punctua- tion, Corium t.f the henielvtra hardly reachin<( tho middle of the apical half of the abdomen, very sparsely and rather faintly puncta Abdomen broadly semiovatc, of e(pial lenjjth and breadth. Color a uniform testaceous where the pigment is not removed. Lenjrth, 1'""' ; breadth, 2,2.'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7841. 4. Thliijomknx's limosus. VI. 28, Fiy. 12. Head precisely as in the last species. Thorax trapezoidal, a ..ttle more than twice as broad as long, with rather rapidly tapering sides, the apical about three-fouiths the length of the basal margin, the former almost truncate, with the faintest possible arcuation throughout, the surface of the thorax even, faintly and finely rugidose. Scutellum ol.scure in the only specimens seen, but apparently large and triangular, and extending half- way to the tip of the abdomen, ('or, nn occupying about three-fifths the hemelytra, serially and distinctly punctate. Abdomen well rounded, but distinctly longer than broad Color Idackisli fuscous, the eorium of heme- lytra fu.sco-testaceous. Length, 1.0""" ; breadth, 2.fi""'. Florissant. Two tipecimeus, Nos. 5723, 13583. Ki lIKMiriKUA— IIKTKIU)l'Ti:UA— IM'-NTATOAlIO.li. T). Tm-II«tt.\tKNr.s MACK.K. 451 Houd Hcareoly lon6. ;-.. (fVirroMlONUS Amyot, and 8erville. This tropical American tyi)e, with four or five species, one of them found in our Southern States, occuis also so far as the imi)erfect remains can determine in the Tertiary beds at (Jreen liivcr, where onti species is found, remarkable for the yreat width of the lioad. It is the only fossil known. CyUTOMENUM ('ONCINNU8. PI. 7, Fiff. 14. Ciirtomcniiii coiioinnut Somld., Hull. H. S. (iccil. OooKr. Siirv. I'ort iV, 7<)D (1878). This Species is repn^sitnted by a single specimen, a little smaller than i ' niirabilia (Perty), but closely resemblin^i' it in jjeiieral form. It is broadly ovate ; the head large, prominent, well rounded, nearlj- half the eyes pro- truding beyond the margin, the ocelli nearly one-fourtli the diameter of the eyes, and situated next the hind border, very nearly half-wnv between the inner margin of the eyes and the middle line of the head Thorax twice as broad as the head exclusive of the projecting part of the eye, more than twice as broad as long, the front margin rather deeply and rcgnlarlv con- cave, the sides considerably convex, especiallx on the front iialf, i hind margin very broadly convex. Scutellum longer than the thorax, .arcely less tap(Tiiig on the apical than on the basal iialf, the apex rounded, half as broad as the base, tho whole about as long as the breadth at base. Teg- 452 TERTIAF" 1} UJCTS OF NOHTII AMKIMCA. niina vory fniiit, Imt the coriiim appivroiitly tcniiiiinfiii^'' just hoforc the tip of the ncutelhim. Extroiiiity of tlu< nbdoiiicii very hroutlly rounded. 'I'lie whoh> Hiii-faoe of tlic h«*ad, thorax, scutelhiiii, and pi'ol)al)ly of tlie coiiuiii uiiiforiidy, very profusely, and minutely punctnliite, nthtrwisc HUiooth, excepting that there are also faint traces of a siij^lit, transverse, median (lepr(!H- uiuii, and a Himihir hm^ritudinal median depression on tiie tliorax. Lengtii of hody, .'•.'io ': of head, 1.2'""; of thorax, 1. •{"""; of scu- telhim, l.fJS™"' ; breadth of head. 2 ; of tliorax. .'1..')""" : diameter of eye. 0,2.')""". tireon River. Wyominjy. One Hpceimen, No. 4l!M». (J. DISCOS'n )MA noni. nov. (fi/aHo?, (trn^n). This name is propo.sed for l,.obostoma Am.-8erv., preoceiipi<>d in mam- mals. Th;.' genus is composeil of oid\' two or three species found in Cen- tral America and (iuiana It has never been reiiojiiiized in a fossil state, and the specimen from Florissant is referred 4o it only tentatively until better material in at hand. DisrosTOM.A f sp. PI. '2'2, Vit!. «l. The ventral surface of an exceptionally Iarj;-e cydnid, showing the abdomen and a part of the legs and liitle more, is all that remains of the single specimen referred here. From its size one woidd nfifurally refer it ttt this genus or its neighbors, whicii contain the largest species of the group; and besides, the hind tibia' are furnished exteriorly, as in existing species of Discostoma. with a single line of line spimdes, the only charac- terisi* available; whether the tibia' are cylindrical or flattened can not be told. The abdomen is dark griseous, with a |)ale rounded .senncircular spot seated on the outer marg-ins of each segment, separated from its migh- bors by the darker incisures, besides which the apical margin of the first segment shows a narrow, blackish fuscous belt. liegs pale, the spines blackish: only the basal part of the hind tibia' seen. Probable length of body, IS"""; breadth »t' abdomen. «""" : length of hind fertiora, .".""". Florissant. One .'Specimen. No. 234. llKMiPTKUA - llETlillOI'TUUA— I'lSNTATOMlD.*). 453 Rublamily PIINTATOM IDA Stal. This <,'r(»ii|» is rnui ot'tlio nioHt |in»viiloiit of tlio HubfuniilieH of Ileterop- tom ill tlio Kiiri)|K)f these, imperfectly known by a very remarkable head, can be n^ferrod to an existing genus, for in all the scutellum is reinarkal)ly triangular and eciniaiignlar and destitute of the apical exten- sion common to living types. In tiiis, as already stated, some of tho Kuro- pean species appear to agree with them ; it should, however, be noted that tiiis agreement appears far more marked in Ileer's direct illustrations of the fossils than in his restorations of the same species. Our species all come from Florissant, with a single exception. Tidilf of thf genera of I'enlatomida. IntriKiciiliir piirt of hi'iiil Icnh tliiiii two unci ;i lialf tinieit ax loiiK as 1iroa<). Api'x orNL'iilclliiiii i'(M('liiii); ilmliiii'tly Ii'nh lliaii liiili-wtiy to tlio tip uf tlio nbdomon. Head in front of ryes i| nail rate, tlio tyiiini iinil Jnga of .similar luiigtii 1. Trltonchi'tui. I load ill front of oyrn tapi'iin;;, tlii' lyliiiii HnipaNniii;; tlio Jiiga 'i. ThnttuacMtlui. Apux of Ncntollniii rcacliin^' lialfvray to llio lip of tlio ubiloiui-ii. Thorax Ichh Mian three tinicH a.s liroail iih long. Uoily rcfjiilarly ovale lliroiii^hout 3. Poleechitluii. Uody Willi paialli'l or nearly parallel widoN. Head nliorlir lliaii iniddlo of tlio thorax and more than half its \viilth..4. Cacotchiatiii. Heiid loiit;er than tho iniihllo of the thorax and itlightly lean than half aa wide as the thorax 5, MaiaoichiiiluB, Thorax llireo or uioro than threo tiiiius as broad an long. Kody at least halt as long nj^aiii as tho width of the abdomen. Posterior lateral angles of thorax proniiiieut. (;ides ol thorax in front of lateral proniinonces concave 6. PoUoschiitut. Sides ol thorax in front of lateral prominences convex 7. Frntatomiteii. Posterior lateral angles of thorax not prominent 8. TiruioMituti. Body less than half as long again us the width of tho abdoiiieu 9. TliHinmoachiHlui. Intraocular part of head two and a half times as loiij; as broad 10. Mecooepkala. 111 {■ ifti j Mi nM M ff ii i» r ii 'W> i m i 'ftr ii ['? iiiiit f > ii to^ "•"if"" .w..,.,.^,....,,.,.^.,..— „ ,^....;.....,.^i— ^^..^..ra. 454 TERTIARY INSKOTS OF NORTH AMEKIOA. 1. TEl.EOSrillSTUS gen. ix.v. (rf'Aco?, axioro?). Head of moderate size, nearly lialf as broad as the thorax, and dis- tinctly broader than long, scarcely longer than the intraocular width, the portiojj in front of the eyes subquadratci, with broadly rountled front, rounded angles, tht* tyluin and jiiga of equal length. Kostruni reaching, as seen through the specimen, opposite a p«)iiit i' little I)eyond the base of the 8c;;Lelluin. The thorax is pentagonal, the base at least half as long again as the straight, oblique, posterior lateral margins, the nearly straight but slightly convex anterior lateral margins at right angles to the j)Osterior and n little longer than they, the apical border emarginate for its whole length for the reception of the head, and less than half as long as the breadth of the widest part of the thorax and scarcely shorter than the middle length of the thorax. Scutellum triangular, vaulted, of nearly equal length and breadth, the tip angulate and not produced, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Aiesosternum nuu!h longer than the ra^tasternum, the coxal cavities of the two hinder pairs of leg ; contiguous, separated only by a conun(»M paries. Three species are known, one of them from British Columbia, the others from Floris.sant. Tahli- of Ihi ipecien uf Trleoschisiiii'. Scutellum rcacliiiif; very iioarly lial(-«;i.v li> I hi' tip of tbi' alidoiiii'ii 1. T. antUiini». Sditelliim rt'ueliiii); liart'ly two-fifllis niiy to the tip of tlii^ abdn iipii. I'iiu>:tiutlioiM>f costal iiiari^in of <^-1877, 1.V.Mf)l (1878). The principal specimen is unusually perfect, and appears to be a male. The head is slightly longer th;in broad, etpial beyond the expanding base, broadly rounded and some. vhat flattened in front; the slight carina- marking the borders of the middle lobe are parallel throughout and extend to the front of the head. Tlie thoiax is so imperfectly preserved as to throw dou])t upon the generic atli'iities of the insect, but it a))pears to have been more than twice as broad as long, with a median furrow, and its front margin very slightly concave behind the head: probal)ly. tilso, it was considerably pro- H EM IFTEKA— UETEKOPTEKA— FENTATOMiD Ji. 455 tluced at tlie liinder latei'al rtni.i the corium, but distinct on the sj)ecimen oidj- apically, where it isc utinnuus witli the inner margin of the membrane. The meiidjrane is well r >unded, but slightly pro- duced at the outer angle, and the spac*; is occupied by inne nearly longi- tudinal veins, distributed in three sets of three each : the Hrst set is composed i»f three ol)scnre veins j)retty close together next the inner edge, originating from the .same point, etjuidistant from one another, the iiniermost hugging the inner margin : from apparently the .siime point originates the next cluster, starting in a single vein, which ahnost innnediately forks, and sends its innermost branch parallel to those mei\tioned; the other branch diverges strongly fron. It and .igaia forks, the twi» branches running parallel to the first ; while from opposite the point of origin of the last fork the third cluster takes its rise, starMng as a shouldered vein, which forks at its shoulder into two slightly divergent veins which run subparallel to the previous veins; but the innermost of these .;gain fr.rlX. r)r. (i. ^f. Dawson. i ■III ill 2. TkI.F.O.S' ;. .STtTs IMGORATrs. Fl. 28, h'JK'. 14. Head punctate, the putu-ta' moderately deej) and rather sparse, ab.sent from the extreme back of the head. Thorax irregularly punctate, at the sides very deep and sharp, on the disk shallow and Iialf obscured, everv- where irregularly distriltuted and rather distant, showing, however, a tend- ency to run in lines in various directions but never crossing one another and generally transverse ; a straight, transverse, slightly im]>ressed, broad sul- cation free of punctuation a little in advance of the middle of the apical hall of the tliorax. Scutellum nuich more coarsely and more bluntly punctate, reaching barelv two-tifths vva} to the tip of the abdomen, llemelytra with the coriuin jiunct^ite like the thorax, but distinct and sharp throughout, t!ie puncta' along the (utstal margin clustered next the edge, leaving an open, narrow, sul)inargiiu»l space in^t- of punctuation. Whole body uniform yriseous. in-: ( ■ i HEMIPTEUA— HETEKOl'TEUA— PKNTATOMID.D. 457 I^ength, 16.7.')"""; breadth across base of closefl henielytra, 7.5""". Flori.ssaii'i. Two specimens, No.s. 8066, 12072. 3. 'rKKEOSCHISTl'S rr.ACATlIS. I'l. 28, Fi{;. 3. Head not preserved on the sin<>lo specimen known. Thorax bluntly punctate tiu'oughout, mostly rather coarsely, besides which the surface is more or less roujfhened except just in advance of the scutellum, where it is smooth, and the puncta- rather tine and a little sharper. Scutellum reach- ing barely two-fifths way to the tip of the abdomen, uniformly punctate throughout like the greater part of the thorax. (Jorium of hemelytra rather sharply, deeply, very uniformly and not very sparsely piuictate, the |)unct;p witli a tendency to a longitudinal arrangement, liody griseous, corium of hemelytra griseo-castaneous, the clavus and costal iield of coiium darker, a pallid line following the sutura clavi, and, less distinctly, the lower edge of the ])rincipal cost.al vein and tlie outer margin of the broadly sinu- ous marginal suture ; membrane slightly infumated with a small but distinct dark triangular coi'iaceous spot at extreme inner base. Length (without head), 12.7.">"'"' : breadth at base of hemelytn', 6.7;V""'. Kloris.sant. One s])ecimen. No. r)4G(). 2. THNETOSCMISTUS gen. nov. (OyrfTo?, (JyjaTtk). Body moderately slender with nearly parallel sides. Head with prDm- inent moderately large eyes, scarcely broader than long, less than half the width of the thorax, scarcely shorter than it, the portion in front of the eyes as long as the part behind them, tapering, subtriangular, bluntl}' pointed, tlie tylum distinctly surpassing tlie juga; antennjc with the basal joint not attaining the front of the head, the second apparently just longer than the thorax. Thorax two and a half times broader than long, apparently witli a slight angulate prominence at the I)a8e of the sides, in front of which the sides taper very rapidly, fornung one curve with the broadly rounded front, which has no eu.argination for the reception of the head. Scutelluni tri- angular with straight sides and bluntly angulate, not produced apex, con- siderably longer than the thorax, but not reaching half-way to the apex of the rather elongated produced abdomen, .V single species is known. 1 :■ 11 m 458 TEKTlAKi iNriEUTS OF i^OKTU AMEltlCA. 'riiNKToscmsTiia hevulsiis. ri. L's, viji. (i. Whole body f^riseous, tlio jiif^ii apparently lighter than the tylum, the membrane faintly intiunated. Head faintly, shallowly, and (ioarsely punc- tate; thorax disfinotly, rather sparsely, and coarsely punctate ; scutellnm still more eoarsely punctate, but otherwise similar; corium of hemelytra punctate like tln^ thorax, but less coarsely and less sparsely. Leuifth, U.")"""; breadth of base of thorax, 6.5""". Kloris.sant. One specimen. No. 1.837, collected by the Princeton Expedition. ;}. H(rrK8rirrSTU!S oen. nov. (TroTt, ayjarM). Remarkable for the rej^ularly ovate form of the liody. [Head unfortu- nately wantinji;'.] iiiorax more or less broken and crushed, so as to render its precise form indeterminable, but apparently it was uniforndy vaulted, nearly twice as broad as long, ta|)ering from the very base with no lateral jirojections, the sides arcuate and tapering pretty regularly, the outer anteriiir angles well rounded, the apical margin less than half the width of the base, gently and rcgidarly finarginatc for tliu reci-ptioii of the head. Scutellnm triangular, as long as Iiroail bv rea.son of tin- arcuation at the base of the otherwise straight sides, the tip angnhite, not in the least rounded or produced, reaching l)ari'ly half-way to the tip of the somewhat (conical al)domen, which the hemelytra surpass a little. A single species is known. PoTESCHISTra OUNUHILIJS. I'l. 28, Fig. 18. The thorax is smooth except for an exceedingly sparse, low, and incon- spicuous gramilation. Scutellnm, on the contrary, very coarsely granulate indeed and less sparselv; the hemelytra midwav between the two and tcderablv dense; membranal suture with a barely per('eptil)le arcinition opening outward. an coriaceous at its extreme imier base, l)et\veen the mend)raiial suture and the end of the claval suture. Whole body brownish griseous, the scutellum lighter. Length, excbiding head, i:{. 7.')""": breadth. 7.5""". l''Ioris.sant. One specimen. No. I J7"_'. i% HKMn"riOUA-niyniUOl'J'KllA~l'fc3NTATUiMII>,1'5. J 459 4. CA(10H(MIISTUS gen. iiov (uauh?, ff^/ffr(5?). (JloHely related t.(i Miitii'o.scliistiis, from whicli it differs mainly in the .structure of the head, whicli is Iji-oiidcr, with a less |iromiiiciii front: it is nuire than half as broad as the thorax, the eyes very large, the portion in front of them scarcely tai)ering, not so long as the eyes, broadly rounded apically, the tylum and juga of ecpial length, the whole head but little longer than the intraocular space. Tiiorax in the middle considerably longer than the head, two and a half times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the very base, at first slightly, afterwards rapidly, with the outer anterior angles well rounded by the arcuation of the sides and not at all prominent, and posteriorly with no lateral projection whatever, the apical border rather deeply emarginate for the reception of the head, the middle half of the emargination hardly arcuate. Scutellum triangular, with straight sides and an angulate, in no way produced apex, which barely reaches lialf- way to the tip of the abdomen, which tlui hemelytra surpass. Body rather slender (for this group) with parallel sides. A single species is known. Cacoschistus maceriatus. PI. 28, Fig. 2. The head appears to be smooth; the thorax lather coarsely, very sparsely, and irregularly granulate ; the scutellum and corium of hemelytra similarly but more closely and less irregularly granulate ; corium of hemelytra long, the membrane hardly occupying more than the a))ical fourth. Whole body blai'kish griseous. Lengtli, incuiding hemelytra, 14.75""" ; breadth, 6""". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 1331b and 13319. f). MA'I\E()SCII1STUS gen. nov. {ficcraw;, axiarS?). Of the general form of Euscliistus but far more elong.ite, with parallel K^ides, probably not far removed from Mecocephala. Head broad at base, the eyes being large ; beyond tapering and prolonged, almost exactly as in the typical Mecocephala, the tip being, however, more broadly rounded, the whole head twice as long as its intraocular breadth : vyliun apparer\tly a little longer than the juga, ' ■^t joint of antemwe not nearly attaining the 460 TKHTIAKY INHKdTH (»y NORTH AMKRI(\\. j i ill' front of tlio head, the aocoiul slifrhily loiij^er than the head. Thorax in mid- dle a little shorter than the head, about two and a half times as broad as the middle length, the posterior half of ecjiial width, in front tapering rapidly by the obli(|ue straight sides, the apical nearly half as broad as the basal mar- gin and roundly emarginato to receive the head. Scutellum triangular, witU straight sides and aiiguhitcd apex in no way produced, reaching half- way to the tip of the abdonien. Uemelytra consid('ral)lv surpassing the abdomen. A single species is known. Mat.i:os("hi.'y the Princeton ( 'oi- lege Expedition. 6. POLlOSClllSTl'S ecies are known, both from Florissant I'ltlitf of the Kjiiiiri of I'olioi, hinliix. I'liiK tiiatioii III" coriiiiM nl.itivily ilclicuir. i|ii> pmKlii' iiniiully H«|iiirati'(l by niiicli more than tlu'ir own iliariiitir; liciiu'lylia lci» tliHii lull I' :is loni; ;!•< hriilclliiiii I. /'. liyaliiH. I'liiM.'tiiatioM iif curiiMii r(!latlvi!y iiiiil'N<>, tlif |iiiiirl,i> iiNiuilly m-piiratril by only mi "inch as tir v» separated usually by only so nuich as or very little more than their own diameter. The scutellum is blackish griseons, the corium rlark testaceous, the membrane distinctly infumated. It is a larger species than the last. Length of hemelytra, 10'"'" ; scutellum, 4.G'"'". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1112. it 7. PKNTAT(^MITES gen. nov. (Pentatoma nom. gen.). 'I'his name is proposed for an obscure form of Pentatomida% which can not be placed with any of the others, and which is too incomplete to char- acterize accurately. TJie head is nearly half as broad as the base of the thorax, with prominent eyes, but the front too broken to deternn'ue anything about it. Thorax slightly more than half as long as the basal margin, the sides produced into broad rounded lobes, which increase the width of the thorax by fidly one-half : in front of the widest expansion the sides are ill 462 TKUTIAin IN8K(JT8 OP NOUTII AMERIOA. ai'cuatu, convex, inergiiij'' into tlio broudly rouiulod apical niai'f^iii, which is iiaiTowly and slijfhtly eniaryiiiiite for the reception of the head. Scutelhnu f(|iiiun«,''iilar, with strai<>ht (and n«»t, as i^iven on the plate, convex) sides, longer than the thorax, tiie apex itlnntly angular and in no way produced, reaciiing less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A single species is known. Pentaiomitks foliarum. "I. 28, Fifj. I. A single speuMicn with partly spread heuielytra, l)oth extremities broken, is the only n-prcscMitative at hand of this species, which dift'ers con- siderably from iill others. i'lic iieiel is nitiicr linely and ver\ sparsely punctate. The thorax and scutdhnn, and I'spt-cially the latter, are mucii more coarsely Itiit ([uite as spiirsciv pnnctalc, wiiiic the punctuation of tlif corium of the hemelytra is iMtwi-cii the two bul rather less sparse; the membranal suture of the hemelytra is rigidly straight and marked by a dark line. The body is blackish griseous. nnudi more conspicuous on tlui scutellum ami disk of thorax than tfls('wher(% the corium of hemelytra merely infusciited, the membrane faintly infumate. Length of fragment, lo"""; probaldy length of body, 16..')"""; breadth of thorax, !•"'"' ; abdomen, (!.."»"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7!)29 il I i ■• f. < 8. TIHOSCllISTl'S gen. tiov. (rn'pm, (JxitTrM). Mead rounded, l>road( i than long, with remarkably little projection in advance of the eyes; antenu.e aliout twiie as long as the head and tlutrax together, tlii.- first joint short, l)arely surpassing, if sur|)a.ssing, tlie head, the sectmd longest and about as long as the width of thi' head, the third and toiirth ecpial and eiich about thiee toiirths the length of the second, all slender be\oui| the liasal joint, the lifth unknown. Tlii.iax transverse and Memilunai'. only .-.liglitl\ Ijroader in advance of. than at, iIk; base at the lateral augnlation. uliieli is not at all prominent Scutellum large, triangu lar, simple, slightl\ longer than broad, al.>out as long as head and thorax together. l)ut reaching oidy half-way to the ti|) of the abdomen. A .single s[)ecies is known. liKMII'TKUA— IlKTKItOI'TKUA— PKNTATOMIIJ.K, 463 TlHOSCHlSTI-H INDUKKSCENS. Fl. 22, V\g. A. TToad finely and donsely j>ramilnto ; autdnnit very minutoly punctulate, with an cxcooding'ly fino median oarina on llip jiper snrtaci'. Tlinrax and sc'Utellum more coarsely, less distinctly, and morn sparsely <>'rannlate, the corium of the hcnielytra still more obscurely, so as not to be noticeable. Head, thorax, and scntolhun blackish t>r Ijlack. (Jorium and clavus ot hemelytra very light colored, almost colorless, with the base largely black- ish fuscous and the apex occupied next the costal margin Avith a very large roundish fusco-castaneous spot, tlie sutura clavi infuscated and punctate, the membrane pallid at base but the whole apical tvvo-tifths or more occu- pied by a fusco-castaneous cloud, densest !>'ther explanation, since tlu^y are nmch narrower and much more deeply excavated than the other mating chambers. Possibly they were unsatisfactory to the constructor and left unfinished. From the mating chambers, which are not deep and are about 3"'"' in diameter, j)ass the main galleries ; these generally run obliquely, but more nearly transverse than longitudinal (as in Fig. 24), are subequal, and take their rise one on either side of the mating chamber at tho lateral angles and run in exactly or almost exactly opposite directions. In one case, however {d), there is l)Ut one main gallery, anil in another (/) they are at right angles to each otiier, one being h)ngitudinal ; but in this latter ca.se the mating chamber is in the reverse of tlf usual position, the ajjex being downward. These main galleries vary from 1.5 to H"""' in length, and are slightly more than a millimeter wide, witli ch^iitate edge.s, marking probably the sinuses where the eggs are laid by the parent. I!, (JOLEOPTEBA— SCOLYTID^. 469 At least this is the custom with tiie mining' beotlesj ; but here, as in some other rare cases, the young larva; do not begin to mine at right angles to the main gallery, but all start from one spot, either the summit of the mat- ing chamber or the extremity of one of the main galleries, and thence burrow in irregular anu somewhat interlacing mines in a longitudinal direction (see Fig. 24), but nearly all apparently either upward or else downward, not, as usually, in the two directions almost equally. Apparently they may often turn upon their course again and again, or they may mine in an almost perfectly straight line or in a tortuous line for as much as 5"'", in the wliole of which distance the mhie will scarcely have doubled in width ; indeed, in man}' cases it is difficult to tell in which direction the larva has moved. Tiie greatest width of these mines is scarcely more than half a millimeter and they vary greatly in depth. The depth of those at a may be seen in the enlarged drawing of this portion in Fig. 25. The connection between the main galleiy and the mines is often ob- scure, owing doubtless to the younger larvae burrowing more i-n the bark than in the wood (the bark being here entirely lost). In one case (c) there is a mating chamber and a pair of short galleries, but nothing more ; here apparently the mother fell a prey to some enemy before oviposition. This mode of origin of tlie larval mines seems to be different from any- thing liitherto described, and it is therefore difticult to decide to wliat minor group of insects the creature constructing the mines belonged. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge is a mine of Scolytus rugulosus on cherry, which shows a somewhat similar distribution of the larval mines, emerging and diverging from one point of the mating chamber ; but the main galleries are reduced to almost nothing, and the figures of the mines of this species given by Uatzeburg are altogether different. Tiiis specimen is one of those branches *' of some coniferous tree," which Mr. Hinde in his article on the glacial and interglacial strata of Scarboro Heights,' states to occur in the layers between the beds of clay and sand fouiul between his "till No. 1 " and " till No. 2," and which are described as "flattened by pressure, their edges . . . worn as if they had been long macerated in water." This is e.xactly true of the present fragment. ' Can. Jour. Sc. Lit. Hist., XV, :i8S-4i:{, plate, 1877. Hi! sy 470 TEUTIABY INSECTS OF NOKTll AMHUIOA. DRYOCyETES Eichhorn. DrYOC^TES IMPRE88U8. PI. 8, Fig. 28. Trypodeniiron impremiua Scailil., Bull. U.S. Oeol.Ooogr. Siirv. Terr., 11,8:1 (1876). Dryoeifki impreiiuH 8cml(l., Hull. V. 8. Oonl. Goo){r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 7(i7-70S (1878). This species has tlie protliorax punctured as distinctly as the elytra, and the punctures on the elytra show but a slight tendency to a longitudi- nal arrangement. The punctures of the protliorax are longitudinally obo- vate, a very little more frecpient than on the elytra, equally distributed throughout ; on the elytra they sire also equally distributed, l)ut circular, about 0.04""° in diameter, and average 0.1'"'" in distance apart; they hf.ve but an obscure longitudinal arrangement into nineteen or twenty rows, and the successive punctures of each row are at about the same average distance apart as those of two contiguous rows. The species is of about the size of D. septentrionalis (Mann.), but has more of the markings of I), affaber (Mann.), although the punctuation of the elytra is not so distinctly separable into longitudinal series. Length of protliorax, 1.28"""; height of same, 1.44""" ; length of elytra, 2.8'"'"; breadth of same, 1.24""". Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Xos. l.")218 (F. C. A.Rich- ardson), 4009, 4048, 4091 (Bowditch and Scudder). DRYOCiETES CARBONARIUS. ri. 8, Fig. 6. Dryoarles earbonarius Srnild., Hull. IT S. fieol. Oeogr. Snrv. T<'rr., IV, 76H (1878). Another species, not very closely allied to the last, is represented by a single, rather mutilated specimen, whicii is jiitchy-black, and consists of part of the head, thorax, and elytra. The head is ratlier long, faintly and not very closely punctured, the eye moderately large and circular. The thorax is proportionally linger than in the preceding species; the front margin recedes a little on the sides, and the surface is subrngose by sub- confluent punctures, the walls of which form wsivy ridges having a, longi- tudinal dire-imordiaU» Scndd., null. U. S. Geol. noo){r. Siirv. Torr., II, 81 (187G) ; In ZIttel, Ilnmlli. t('r of 027""" ; the antennal scrobes are twice as long as broad, commenc- ing at the middle of the snout and extending two-thirds the distance thence to its tip. The prothorax is equal, nearly as long as high, n(»t tumid, rugu- lose. The elytra, which are not elevated at ba.se above the prothorax, are siiiiple, Hot very tumid, j)rovided with about eight longitudinal slender rows, <)..'}""" apart, of low, raised, rounded ])oints, nearly as distant from one another as those of contiguous rows; midway between each of the.se rows is a very inconspicuous dull ridge. Fragments of the legs remain, which agret! as far as they can bo made out with the same parts in Otiorhyiu-hiis. wmiMRiijij) J ami"! OOLKOl'TKUA— OTIOUHYNCIlIDvK. 477 III tlu) ffoiioriil H(!ulpturing of tho elytra thia itiHect \h not very uiiliku (). Huli'utiiH (Kdbr.). IiOii}ftli, S"""; of Hiiout boyoiid front of oyen, 1,23""" ; width of Hiiino, 0.7;')"'"'; k'li^'th of iintoiiiuil HcrobuH, 0.32"""; dininotor of (jyoH, 0.4(!""" ; luiifrth of pronotiim, l.H""" ; lieiglit of aaiiio, 2.28""" ; hnifftli of olytra, 6.2""" ; width of Hiiino, 2.0r»""" ; loiigtli of fore femora, 1.8""". Orooii Uivor, VVyoininif, Two Hpecitnens, Nos. 4021 (Scudder), 1521.*$ (Itioiiurdson). OriOHHYNCHIIS TUMBiK. PI. H, Fig. 13. (Hhrhyiichui diihlitt Muiidtl., Hull. V. 8. (lool. OeoKr. 8nrv. Terr., IV, 7(i«( (1H?8). A cast of an elytron reHoniblo.s ho closely the elytron of O. penlitiis, e.xcoptiiij? in size, that it is referred to tho same genus. Only nine .^triie can bo counted, but all of those at the outer side may not be neeii ; the inner stria is very close to tho margin, and indeed is lost in it both above and below, but this may be due simply to the preservation. The stone in which they are pre.servod is coarser than usual, coming from beds about thirty meters directly below the shales which have furnishud the other insect remiiins, and has a greater adini.xture of sand; conseciueatly the character of the surface of the elytra can not bo determined, bat the striic ar<» sharp and narrow, and filled with longitudinal punctures, which do not show in tho engraving. With the e.'ccoption of a couple of poor specimens of Kpi- cieriis effossus Scudd., this was the only recognizable insect found at this locality. Length of elytron, 4 '; breadth of same, 1.5"""'. Dr. K. Hergroth having called my attention to the fact that there is a recent p]uropean species of Otiorhynchus bearing the specific name dubius, I have renamed the fossil as above. Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4204. OPHRYASTES Schonherr. Ophryastes compactus. PI. 8, Fig, 39. Ophryaatea tompactut Scmld., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Ooogr. Surv. Torr.. IV, Tfi.'i-TOG (1878). A single specimen, preserved so as to show a lateral view of the insect, appears to indicate an Otiorhynchid allied to Ophryastes. The form of the m ! 478 TEUTIAUY INSIiCTS OF NOKTH AMERICA. elytra, indeed, does not well correspond, since, in place of their abrupt pos- terior descent, as seen in O. cinereus Sclu'inh. from Mexico, with which it agrees best in general features as also in size, they slope very gradually, and appear to be tumid next the base. Hut the structure of the stout snout, enlarged apically, with very obliipie descending antonnal scrobes, the supe- rior transverse furrow at its base giving an increased convexity to the ver- tex of the hei'd, ally it closely to Ophrya^tes. T\w ovate eye is longitudi- nal, the front border of the pronotuni nearly straight, with no ad'nince of the sides, the prothorax itself faintly rngulose, the elytra coarsely striate, the strije with feeble, rather distant punctures (the reverse is shown on the stone) ; the tips of the elytra are right-angled or slightly produced at the extremity, as in recent species. Length of body, measured from base of rostrum, 7.5'""' ; height (»f same, .'5.5""" ; length of elytra, 5.5"""; of rostrum beyond front of eyes, 1.2""": breadth of rostrum at base, O.y""" ; wiu-re largest, 1.05"""; length of eye, 0.5'"'" ; breadth of same, 0.3'"'" ; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.35'"'". ■ Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4210. EPICyEKUS Schoidierr. EpiC.f:KUS 8AXATILIS. 1 \ i PI. «, Fijjs. 33, 34, 36, KudiagoijuH Kajtaliliii Sei-dd., Itiili. II. S. (Jeol. (icogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 84-85 (1876). KliicirruH saxatihi Sciidil., liiill. V. S. (iool. Oi'ogr. Siirv. T.irr., IV, 7tV')(187H). Twenty-s(!ven specimens of this species have been found by Mr. Rich- ardson. ^^r. Howditch. and mvself. This and tiie two following species can not, as at first siipposeil, be referred to Eudiagogus on aitcount of the length of t!io snout. Although very small for Kpicjcri (especially the present species), they agree .so well with Epicienis gristMis Schiinh. from Mexico — one of the smallest of the group — that they wtndd best be referred here, although they differ from this genus in the brevity and stoutness of the femora, all of which are swollen apically. It is possil)le that all three of the forms mentioned here should l)0 referred to a single species, as there is cer- tainlv vci V little diffcnMice between them exccspting in size; this is particu- larly the case with thi;! and the ne.\t sptscies. Together over one hundred COLEOPTEBA— OTlORHYNOHIDiE. 479 speciiiieiiM of tliese species liave been examined by me ; they are therefore the njost abundant fossils of the insect beds of the Green River shales. In the present species the snout is shaped much as in Otiorhynduis perditus Scudd., beinof short, stout, and, especially anteriorly; irched, the front border being faintly angulate about the middle ; the antennal scrobes can not be certainly defined ; the eyes, are pretty large, transversely ovate, and in most of the specimens are indicated on the stone by an annulus of dark color, containing an interior narrow ovate pale spot 0.22""" long by 0.12""" wide, while the eye itself is 0.4""" in its longer, and 0.3"'"' in its shoner, diameter; the facets of the interior portion are very minute, being scarcely .01"'"' in diameter. The prothorax is somewhat tumid, rather higher than long, very profusely and delicately punctulate, the anterior and posterior walls between the pittings often less elevated than the lateral walls, so that the punctures often form broken longitudinal furrows ; the punctures are nearly uniforn; in size over tlie whole prothorax and average about 0.04™"* in diameter. Tiie elytra are simple, not tumid, sloping off gradually towa'-d the tip, not elevated at base above the thorax, and provided with six equi- distant, very slender and slight, raised ridges, faintly broken into dashes by a series of minute, moderately distant j)unctures along the inner border of each ; these punctures are of the same size as tiiose on the prothorax ; the ridges are about O.IG""" apart. The posterior coxa; have an incrassate pos- terior margin. Length of body, 4""" ; of rostrum beyond the eye, O-GS™"" ; width of same, 0.46""" ; length of prothorax, 1.2'"'"; height of same, l.S"""' ; length of tcgmina, 2.8"""; width of same. O.I)'"'". Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. Epicurus exanimis. PI. 7, Fig. 31 ; PI. 8, Figs. 30, 31, 38, 42. Eiidiaijogua eianinuH Seuild., Bull. U. S. Ciuul. Oeo){r. SiU'v. Terr., II, !>8 (1876). Kpiciirun rj-uniniM Suiiild., Hull. U. S. Geol. Gcogr. Siirv.. Terr. IV, 7C5 (IS78). Thirty-one specimens of this species have been examined since the first. .Vll those first obtained (by Mi-. Richardson) were fragmentary, and most of them rather oltscure ; tiiey consist mostly of side aspecits of tlie creature, but several are single elytra. Still the characters drawn from them appear to bo all that can be found in the more perfect examples since found. The 480 TERTIAUY INSECTS OF NOltTU AMERICA. heat] is rather hirge at base, tapering with a short, broad snout, not so deep as broad, equal and at the tip broadly rounded, directed downward and for- ward, slightly bent along the front margin ; the antennal scrobes extend from the front edge of the eye nearly to the end of the rostrum, and are broadest next the eye, where they are half as broad as the eye itself, taper- ing regularly throughout and shallow ; the eyes are moderately large, broadly oval, transverse or a little oblique, the upper extremity thrown baokward and the lower forward. The prothorax is short, only about half as long as deep, not tumid, rather cylindrical, its surface smooth. The elytra are not broader nor higher at their base than the surface of the pronotum, •and they are simple and fiu'iiished with seven equidistant, equally and not deeply iuq)ressed, longitudinal stria>, 0.16""° apart from one another, and the outer ones an equal distance from tlie adjacent border ; these stria; are pro- vided with slightly longitudinal punctures at regular intervals of about 0.1"'"', by which the strije are carried to about double their usual depth Some of the specimens have lost the elytra, and on those the posterior edge of tlie hind coxjc have been impressed through the; abdomen, giving tiie insects the appearance of being fnriii.shed with elytra which cover but half of the abdomen. Tlie same thing may be noticed in other species. Length of body exclusive of rostruin, o.7.")"""; of rostrum !>eyond the eye, 0.(12"""; breadth <.f si:me, 0.5"'"': depth of same, 0.44""" ; length of oye, 3fj'""' : width of .sauje, 0.24''""': length of prothorax, 0.72'"'" : height of same, 1 .3"'"" ; length of elytra, 3.( >5"'"' ; width of same, 1.2'"'" ; length < .f fore femora, 0.72'""'; width of same, 0.32"""; length of middle femora, O.H""" ; width of same, 0.32"""; length of hind fenuira, l.l"""'; width of same, 0.34""'. Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. *• KpIC.KKUS EKF08SU8. I'l. 8, FiKH. 7, 35. Kuatagngit- -fntnuii Soiuld., Hull. I'. S. (ieol. (iiMijjr. Siirv. 'IVrr., II, H,>->< (ItffH). Nearly Hftv specimens of this species are at hand, all found in Richard- son's shales by .Mr. Riciiard.son, Mr. Howditch, and myself, besides two I found in beds at the .same sj)ot, but altont thirty meters lower; the.se were the only Coleoptera found at 'he VmWv sp(»t, excepting a single specimen of < )ti(»rhvnchns tumlue Scndd.. teloiiging to the same family. Most of the COLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^. 481 specimens are composed of fragments of elytra, and the only specimens which are pi'eserved entire are such as give a dorsal or ventral aspect. These, however, are enough to show that they belong to a species closely allied to but distinct from the preceding, differing principally in its smaller size, its slender and more tapering rostrum, the smaller circular eyes, and in the slightly more distant and rather more deeply impressed striaj of tha elytra. The following measurements will give a better understanding of the degree of difference between them in certain points : Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5""" ; breadth of same, 2.1°"" ; width of rostium at base, 0.48""" ; diameter of eyes, 0.28™" ; distance apart of the elytral striae, O.lS-0.20"""; distance apart of punctures in the 8tria3. 0.11""", Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. Family RHYNCHITIDyE LeConte. EUGNAMPTUS Schonherr. EUGNAMPTUS GRAKD^VUS. PI. 8, Fig. 20. Sitone8 graiidasvua Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 83-84 (1S76). A single specimen, very poorly preserved, was found by Mr. Richard- son on Green River, at the crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad, and at the first description of the species this was all that was at hand. Little could be seen in it except a vague outline of the form of the body, with a broken rostrum ; tiie eye was large, obovate, longitudinally disposed, 0.42""™ long and 0.25""" broad; the elytra were furnished with a number o^ slight, slender, raised ridges, 0.3 l'"™ apart, probably the reverses of stria?. Two more specimens obtained at the same spot by Profs. Packard and Lee, and in better condition, show that it probably belongs to Eugnamptus, though it differs from that genus in the extreme feebleness of the elytral striation which is barely perceptible; no punctures are discernible, but instead tho el\ tra are sparsely clothed with exceedingly delicate short hairs. The beak is slender and from in front of tlie eye about as long as the thorax; it, as well as the rest of the head, faintly subscabrous, while the thorax is very delicately and shallowly puiictulate, so as to appear almost smooth, with a short delicate hair from each depression. VOL xui 31 i 482 TEETIABY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEEIOA. The measurements of the best specimen are: Length of head and rostrnm, 1.35"""; of thorax, O-B"""' ; of elytra, 2.6°"° ; breadth of thorax, 1""». Green Kiver, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 15234 (F. C. A. Richardson), 101 (Prof. L. A. Lee), 76 (Dr. A. S. Packard). EUONAMPTUS DECEM8ATU8. PI. 8, Fig. 12. Eugnamptus drctmiatua Scnilil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 764-765 (1878). A single elytron with a broken base is all that remains of this species. But this is peculiar on account of the supplementary humeral stria, which seems to be common in the Rhynchitidre, and at least very rare in the allogastral Rhynoophora, to which one would at first glance refer this fragment. So far as the material at hand permits determination it appears to agree best with the genus to which it is referred, on account of the dis- position of the punctuation and the form of the tip of the elytron. It repre- sents, however, a very large species, and one whose punctuation is very delicate. The elytrori is long and rather narrow, indicating an elongated form for the body, as in this genus, with parallel sides and a bluntly rounded tip. There are ten complete etjuidistant rows of delicate, lightly impressed punctures, those of the same row less distant than the width of the inter- spaces ; the outer row lies close to the outer border and is seated in an impressed stria, as also is the apical half of the inner row ; but the other rows sliow no such connections between the punctures which compose them ; at the base the rows curve very slightly outward to make place fo** a very short humeral row of punctures, parallel to the inner complete row, and composed of only three or four punctures on the part preserved ; the interspaces are smooth. Length of fragment, 4.5°""; width of elytron, l..^"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4046. Family RHIPIPHORID^ Gerstsecker. RHIPIPIIORUS Fabriciub. Rhipiphorus (JEIKIEI. P:. 27, FiR. 1. A single specimen preserved upon a side view seems clearly referable to Rhipiphorus except for the well rounded tip of the elytra. The three lines COLEOPTEUA— TENEBlllONIUJiJ. 483 radiating from the head in the plate do not belong to the specinaen but lie at a slightly liighor level, except the proximal half of the one lying next the body, which is tlie basal joint of the antenna;, and which before careful study was taken for a beak, and the insect therefore })laced among the Hemiptera. The head and thorax have the form and attitude of the Rhipiphoridse ; the eye is oval, twice as long as broad ; the basal joint of the antennae enlarges slightly from base to apex and is nearly as long as the head ; an ineffectual attempt was made to uncover tlie parts beyond and reveal the structure of the remaining joints. The head and thorax are delicately scabrous rather than punctate, or punctate with the punctures run together transversely in an irregular manner. The elytra are almost as long as the body, three and a Imlf times as long as their basal breadth, the sutural margin perfectly straight until th(3 rounding of the extreme apex begins, the outer margin broadly sinuous, the elytra shortly beyond the base diminishing rather rapidly in width us far as tlie middle, then subequal to just before the tip, which is half as broad as the base, strongly rounded, almost equally on each side ; the tip has been uncovered since the plate was made, and is in no sense pointed, but the inner side is subrectangular though rounded ; the surffice is punctured, not deeply, the punctures separated by r jnsiderably more than their own diameter; the outer border is finely marginate, at least in the basal half The wings are ample, exceeding when closed the length of the abdomen, and when expanded surpassing by one-fifth the elytra; they show at least four principal veins radiating from the base, some of them distinctly forked, and none showing marks of a transverse fold. Length of body, 9.75""" ; elytra, G™". Named for Ur. Archibald Geikie, Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Florissant. One specimen. No. 367. Family TENEBRIONID^G Leach. TENEBRIO Linnd. TeNEBUIO PkilMIQENIUS. PI. 2, Fig. 32. Tenebrio pHmigeniui Scudd., Rop. Progr. Qeol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 183B, (1879). A single, complete, and well-preserved elytron represents a species of TenebrionidfB, a little larger than, and somewhat resembling, Tenebrio 484 TEltTlAUY INSECTS OF NOllTH AMEllICA. I I molitor (Linn.), the beetle of the common meal-worm. It has been flattened by pressure, so as to show but little sign of having been arched, while at the same time the shape is fairly preserved. Wherever it differs in color from the stone it is piceous. The margins are very nearly parallel, approaching each other rather gradually and very regularly toward the tip ; there are eight equidistant, pretty strongly impressed, rather coarse, longitudinal strife, besides others next the outer margin, whose number can not be deter- mined, and a short scutellar stria, about as long as in T. molitor, but quite as distinct as the others ; the surface between the striaj appears to be very minutely subrugulose, and shows in favorable light a faint transverse cor- rugation. Length of elytron, 11"""; breadth, 4.4""". Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 63 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). Family BRUCHID^e Leach. BRUCHUS Geoffrey. Bruchus anilis. PI. 5, Fig. 125. Bruchus anilis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Surv.Terr., II, H<2 (1876). The single specimen consists of two elytra, in natural juxtaposition seen from above. They have a brown color, which is wanting in certain places, but in so irregular a manner that it is doubtless fortuitous ; they are furnished witii stria*, but these, as well as all color, are entirely obliterated in the middle of the wing ; this again is doubtless a defect of j)reservation, since the sutural edges of the elytra are similarly affected ; the strite are deep, sharjdy cut, straight, subeqiiidistant, eiglit in number, fading out at the apex of the elytra, the space between them smooth and arched. Length of one elytron, .5""" ; breadth of same, l.iJ"'"' ; distance of striae apart, 0.4.'")™"'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). I ' W Wi' nwM w wi^w^swwHrfMa BHMBiiii COLEOPTERA— CnPYSOMELlD^. ^ 485 Family CHRYSOMELID^E Leach. GALERUCELLA Crotch. Galerucella picea. PI. 2, Fig. 31. Gallerucella pioea Soiidd., Rep. Progr. Oool. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182-183B (1879). A pair of rather poorly preserved elytra, parted at the tip, and showing between and throujjli them the outlines of the abdominal segments represents a species of ChrysomelldjB, which appears to be most nearly allied to the genus in which I have placed it and to be about the form of, and a little sm.iUer than, G maritiina LeC. The elytra are uniformly piceous throughout, showing no marks of lighter-colored borders ; there are faint indications of one or two marginal impressed lines in their outer lialf, and the whole sur- face seems to have been very minutely punctate, more faintly and finely than in the existing species mentioned. The abdomen is very broadly and very regularly rounded, subovsite, and at least five segments of similar length can be determined. Breadth of the \rd\r of ehtra at base, S.T.'i"""; length of elytra, 5..5""°: breadth of abdomen, 3.25'""' ; length of penultimate segment, 0.4'"'°. Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 62 (Dr. G, M. Dawson). CRYPTOCEPIIALUS GeoflFroy. Cryptockphalus vktustus. PI. 7, Figs. 29, 37. Cryptocephaliu vetaatM Sonild., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 764 (1878). This species is fairly represented by a pair of specimens with their reverses. One pair exhibits the front, and by the drooping of the abdo- men the under surface of the insect with expanded elytra (one of them curiously foreshortened), the other the under surface only. The insect is broadly oval, and, except in being much stouter, closely resembles C. ven- ustus Fabr., with which it agrees in size. The thorax, as seen on a front view, is arched, and the proportion of the head to the thorax is as in the recent species mentioned. Tlie elytra, whlcli are the parts best preserved. li 486 TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. nro rounded at the extrnnity, and are furnished with ten slightly arcuate rows of f'outle punctures, arranged inconspicuously in pairs, besides a Hutural, sliglitly oblique row on the basal third of the elytra, terminating in the margin. This disposition of the })uncture8 and the character of the head, sunken, as it were, into the tlioranc mass, leave little doubt that the insect should be referred to Cryptocephalus. The elytra are of a uniform light horn color, but the body is darker. The body is more oval than in the ])arallel-8ided C. venustus. Length of body, 4-4.5'""'; breadth of same, 2.6-3.2'"™; length of elytra, 4"""; breadth of one of them, l.S™"'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 400.3 and 4004, 4039. and 4044. DONACIA Fabricius. DONACIA STIKIA. PI. 1, FifJ. 28. This is represented by th ^ mere fragment of an elytron, but with a distinct kind of sculpturing. It seems to come as near D. porosicollis Lac as any of our modern species I have seen. The tip is the part preserved ; it is of a deep blue-black color, with an excessively fine, microscopic, trans- verse rugulation, delicately impressed narrow stria', the stria; minutely punctulate, the first and last stria; moderately distant from the margins, deeply impressed, and less distinctly punctate. It is apparently a rather small species. Length of fragment, .'{2"""; breadtli of same, 1.4""". Tnterglacial clays of the nijighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. }AI)hH (G. J. Ilinde). DoNACIA l'().Ml'ATICA. ri. 1, FiKs. ;{;5, ;u. This species, of which there arc several examples at hand, is most nearly allied to our living I). pubicoUis Sulfr , but is much smaller or about tlu; size of I), emargiuata Kirb. As to tlie sculpture of the surface of the elytra (the only part preserved in any specimen), it would be difllcult to say in what respect it dilfered from the former species except in the obliteration of th© OOLEOPTERA— SCAUAB^ID^. 487 markings nt tlio tip of the elytra, which Heems to be characteristic of the (oHHil. In color it varies extremely ; in one (No. HfiS'i) it is bluish jjurplc : in another (No. l-iMd) it is deej) brilliant violet; still another (No. 14577) has it (lark metallic green. In all, the colors are as fresh as if living. The punctured striie are rather dfeep and the whole surface of the elytra trans- versely wrinkled at the punctures. Lengtii of elytron, f)""" ; breadth, 1.46""'. Interghuiial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Five specimens, Nos. 14566, 14573, 14577, 14581, 14582 (G. J. Hinde). Family SCARAB^DI.«C Leach. TROX Fabricius. TbOX OU8TALETI. PI. 2, Fig. 22. Trox ouitaleti Soiuld., Rep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, 179-180B (1879). A single elytron, well preserved, appears to represent a species of Trox of about the size of T. terrestris Say, but with rather blender elytra. The elytron is subequal, narrowing rapidly and regularly at the tip, well arched, and was apparently still more arched originally, the middle portion having a flattened appearance, as if from pressure, with a narrow flattened outer margin ; the surface is completely and uniformly covered with thirteen or fourteen equal equidistant rows of frequent dull tul)ercles, as distant from one another in the rows as each row from its neighbor, and obsolescent toward the apex and the base, especially towards the former. In certain places there is a very sligiit appearance of greater prominence to every fourth row, which would hardly be noticed if its resemblance to modern species of Trox did not lead one to look for it ; the extreme tip is broken. The color is dark-brown, approaching black, but the whole central portion of a faded brown, nearly resembling the natural color of the stone in which it is preserved. Length of elytron, 4.25™"'; breadth, 1.85'""'. Named after M. Emile Oustalet, of the Jardin des Plantes, whose re- searches on the Tertiary insects of Auvermie and Aix are well known. Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 61 (Dr. G. M Dawson). 488 TEItTIABY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEBIOA. APHODIUS llliKer. ApHODIUS PHKrUKHOR. PI. 1, Fijf. 11. Aphodiut prii ymor Horn, Trnnii. Ainvr. Ent. Roo., V, W> (1870). • "Elytra Hmootli, Hhinlng, feebly Htriate, strin; hIuiHow but rather wide; puncture!) distant, round near the apex, becoming tranHverne near the base, intorvala flat, smooth. " A species is indicated of the size and nearly of the sculpture of ruricola. The scntellum is short. Length o^ elytra, .10 inch.; 'i.,'')"""." Horn, loc. cit. Of this species three 'dytra lie fide by side in the same mass ; the middle one shows only the impression of the stri.t!, being the reverse of the left elytron, which has been removed from its original position ; this and the right elytron are black, the striaj distinct and moderately deep, with pvmct- ures as described by Dr. Horn. The striic are ten in number, and in the middle of the elytra are 17'"" apart. The left elytron shows the upper, the others the under, surface. There must be some mistake in Dr. Horn's measurements ; the best preserved elytron, the contours of which are perfectly preserved, is 31)'"'" long and l.(ir>""" broad and the others agree perfectly with it in size. Upon the same stone oct ir the remains of a j)air of elytra (PI. 1, Figs. 16, 17) not noticed by Dr. Horn in his paper, Ijut considered by him as belonging to the same species. This view is tenable only on the supposition that the right elytron (in which the chitine is preserved and which shows the upper siu-face) is imperfect, for there are but eight stria*. Wiien iirst examined by me both margins appeared perfect; but as they have since been damaged I refrain from fiu'ther remark beyond the description of the frag- ments and the expression of my belief that they can not be referred to Apho- dius. The elytra, which are shining black, appear to bo considerably flat- tened, are con.sequently nearly as broad at l)ase as in the middle, and have the apical half rounded rather rapidly and the apex nearly .scpiare ; they possess eight distinct strijc, made more conspicuous by bearing frtqnent, moderately distinct, small, round, occasionally elongatt* punctures ; the in- ter.>*paces between the striic are 0.1.")""" wide, flat and smooth; the eighth stria is cotjfluent anteriorly, and perhaps posteriorly, witli the margin; and the margin itself is not only slightly rcfl '\ri\ but forms by the reflection I tfwjmii i w ii w i jjijt i jiw COLEOPTEltA— SOAttAD-'EIDvE. 489 a groove very situllar to the Htriio and boarinff Himilar piino-turos ; tlioro h also a Hhort utul oxceodingly slight and faint scutellar Htria crowded against the Bciitellnm. Length of elytron, 3"""; breadth, l..^""". Not improbably thcHe ahould bo looked upon as belonging to Carabidie Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. iEGIALlA Latreille. iEoiALIA RUPTA. n. 8, Fig. 1». A single specimen and its reverse are preserved with partially expanded strongly arched elytra. Hody eloiigatod obovate, two and a half times longer than broad. Head small, broiully rounded in front, the eyes (not shown in the plate) nioc'eratoly large, oval, less than half as large as one of the pair of oval distinct marks in the middle of the head posteriorly, which are either some parts beneath showing through, or ridges or the bases of horns on the upper surface. Prothorax about twice is broad as long, taper- ing anteriorly from the posterior edge and with rounded sides, the whole front border broadly emarginate, the hind margin scarcely convex, the sur- face indistinctly granulate. Elytra rather heavily striate, tie stria? rather distantly punctate. Length of body, 3.4"'™; of middle of prothorax, 0.5"""; of elytra, 2'""'; breadth of prothorax in front, 0.7°""; the same behind, 1.1"'"'; of middle of body, 1.3ry"'". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 80 and 81 (Dr. A. S. Packard). PHANiEUS MacLeay. PHANiEUS ANTIQUUS. PI. 1, Figs. 12-14. Phanasiis antiqmu Horn, Trans. Aiiier. Ent. 800,, V, 345 (1876). " Elj'tra with feeble strise, intervals moderately convex, surface slightly rugulose. Abdomen sinootli Leiigtii, .40 inch ; 10""". " A species is indicated sommvliiit larger than carnlfex ; the elytral sculi)tiire is, however, more nearly that of pluto, inasmuch as the intervals t i nil M 490 TEHTIAUY 1N8KCT8 OK NOKTII AMKRICA. aro rojjtiliirly roiivox, niid tlio strin' not Hiidilnnly improHKoil M hnnci. Tho nMiiaiiiM coiiHiHt of an iinprcHHioii with a Hiiiall portion of tlio HtihHtanco of liotli olytra in poHitioti, Hlij^flitly Hoparatotl at Ihiho liy pn'HHitn* ho tliat u (>i>ptivo appoaraiico of nu elongate Hcutolhini iH proHontod ; alHo tlio iniprcHHion of tlitt abdominal HO}(montH with a Hinall portion of chitinonH Hubstanco. "Thoro Ih also the Htibstanco remaining of tho groatjr portion of nn elytron which probably belongH to the Hamo Hpt-cioH, in which tho intorvalH aro moderately convex and with tracoH of a few puncturort, the utriii' being moderately impresHeii and not punctured." Horn, loc. cit. Tho elytra have Hoven feeble and dull Ktriir ; the Hurfaco of tho single elytron, which agrees altogether in Hizo with the pair, \n black and Hmooth, but faintly wrinkled tranHverwely. Four Hogmonts of the abdomen aro shown Length of one of the |»ftir of elytrii, 11"""; breadth of same, f)"". Bone caves of I'ort Kennedy, I'dinsylvania. CllCEltlDIUM Lepolletior-ServiUe. CH(ERIDIUMf KHENINIJM. IM. 1, FiK«. lS-22. ChiTriilium t rbrninum Morn, Traim. Amer, Knt. 8n<-,, V, 'iii-'iAb (tH76). '* The remains for which the above name is suggested, consist of the greater portion of the thorax, the two elytra in a fair state of preservation and a portion of the abdominal segments. These may be described as fol- lows : " Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, side;* feebly arcuate, gradually converging anteriorly, surface sparsely and finely punctat<', phune longi- tudinally Hnely strigose. Elytra rather wider, conjointly, than long, .sides moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, disk with seven mod- erately impressed stria-, the outer rather distant from the margin; striic entire and nearly parallel and eijuidistant. Intervals coarsely but sparsely punctured. Ej)ipleura' s|)arsely punctate. Abdcmnn with coarse punct- ures at the side.s, smoother at middle. "Length of thora.x, .07 inch; l.TS""". " Length of elytra, .14 inch ; 3J)'"'". .iVu^-iiUiu'AiLLna'itituiifaffl OOLKOI'TKUA— rriNID/K. 491 *' T hiivo boon roally nt a Iohh to know to what ffoniis to rofnr those rmimitiH. Tlioy wcrn iit oiio tiiiit) cnnHnh'riMl to \h'. S(i|nimiH, but tho num- ber of tlin HtriuMiiul tboir chiiriictur forbid Hiirh n rcfonMire. Tho h|)(hmob H(!«nirt to hav« boon rather Hinalhfr than our (Ihu-ridiuni hiHt<»roi(l()H, but undoubtedly roHeiubled it in form. I would Iiave n^ferred the n^maiuH to Canthon near porplexu.n, but the thorax is by no inoaiiH that of tho ffonuH." Horn, loc, v'li. Tlut thorax of tho Bpeoimen appoarH to hav(* boon broken off before reachij'}^ me, as tho (U)Hcrij)tion given by Dr. Horn is inapplicable* to any of tho fragments before me. The pleural are not only "longitudinally finely strigose," but also delicately striato in tho same direction. Aside from tho punctuation the upper surface of tho thorax is smooth. Tho outer discal stria of tho elytra is very widely separated at base from tho subnmrgimil stria which runs closely parallel to tho outer border. Length of elytron, 3.«"""; breadth of same, 2'""'. Bone (iavos of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. Family PTINIDyE Leach. ANOBIUM FabriciuB. Anobium? ovalr. PI. 8, FiK- 1. Anobiumt ovale SoihM., Bull. U. 8. Oeol. (l.'ogr. Siirv. T«rr., IV, 7»i:)-7C3 (1878). The insect evidently appertains to a distinct genus of Ptinidic, in which tho sides of tho body are not parallel, but tho body tapers posteriorly much, though not to tho same oxtcmt, as anteriorly. It is, howover, most nearly allied to Anobium, in which it is provisionally placed. It is about as large as Kndecatomus nigosus \mC The prothorax, viewed from ab5. IlupreKtin Kiuigiiia Sciiild., Rep. rnifjr. (iml, Siirv. Can., lH77-ltCH, IrilB (IH7!)). This species is rejiresented by several elytra or fragments of elytra, sometimes preserved by pairs i.i natural connection. It is very closely allied to thti last, but differs from it in having the elytra less slender, the breadtii being contained aliout three and a half times in the length, and in the rather greater coarseness of the punctuation and transverse corrugation. The stria- are the same in number, but nrv, perhaps, a little more sinuous, and the scutellar stria is shorter, hardly extending so much as a quarfer-wav down the inner margin ; the othi-r stria- terminate in nnich the same way us 1 f^ i ii COLEOPTEKA— BUPRBSTID^. 495 in B. tertiaria, but the seventh stria (from the suture) frequently runs to, or very nearly to, the tip ; the extreme tip is formed precisely as in B. ter- tiaria, but tlie sides of the elytra, nmuing parallel throughout three-quar- ters of their length, taper toward the apex more abruptly than in the pre- ceding species, though with the same regularity. This species stands mid- way betwee)! the other two here described in the form of the apical third of the elytra. Length, e.-i"'™; breadth, 1.7""". Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Tive speci- mens, Nos. 47 and 54, 4y, 50, 55, 56 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). BUPBESTIS 8EPULTA. PI. 2, Fig. 26. Bupresiia eepulta Seudd., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879). A single specimen, showing the greater part of both elytra in natural conjunction, must be separated from the two preceding by its still broader elytra with more rapidly tapering apex. The elytra are slightly less than three and a half times longer than broad, with sides parallel throughout three-quarters of their length, then suddenly tapering, the extreme tip shaped as in the other species, only more produced, so as to form more dis- tinctly a kind of lobe, the outer margin being very slightly and roundly excised just before the produced tip. The surface is perhaps even rougher than in the other species, but the striae appear to be less sinuous; the scu- tellar stria is destroyed in both elytra of the single specimen before me ; the outer stria terminates as in B. tertiaria, but the inner pair of the middle series of striie is here the longer, extending barely to the tip of the outer stria, while the outer pair is a little shorter ; the produced tip of the elytra is a little shorter than in the preceding species, but similarly rounded apically. Length of elytron, 6.7""" ; breadth, 2""». Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men, No. 53 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). :\ ■ I I 496 TEKTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Family ELATERID^ Leach. OXYGON US LeConte. OXYGONUS MOKTUU8. PI. 5, Figs. 110.111. Otygonui mor«i»M» Seudd., Hull. JT. S. Gool. Geogr. Siirv. Ti-rr., II, 81 (1876). Thv3 single elytron and its reverse obtained is slender, the humeral angle well rouiulod, the outer edge apparently a little niarginate ; it is almost equal until near the tip, wh(in it tapers to a "oint. This peculiarity leads me to refer it to Oxygonus, although the apex is not produced so much as in recent species of that group. It is furnished with eight equidistant, rather strongly impressed, but delicate stria', that nearest the suture almost incroaching upon the margin ; these stride are e(iuidistant anteriorly and in the middle, but posteriorly they converge toward each other. Length of elytron, 4.55'""' ,; breadth, 1.72""" ; distiince of striae apart, 0.2""". Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). CORYMBITES LatreiUe. COKYMHITKS VELATUS. Corymhilrn rflatim Srnilil., Bull. U. S. (ieol. (ieo^^r. Siirv. Terr., II, HI (1876). A single specimen, with its reverse, found. The head aiul prothorax are gone, but l)oth upper and under su.face of the rest of tlie body, includ- ing tile elvtra, may be seen in each impression with nearly equal dis- tinctness. The insect appears to have been about the size of C. mediuims (Germ.), but more clo.sely ailieil in form to C. splendens (Ziegl.). The legs !iave been destroyed, but the middle and hind coxal cavities may be seen. The elytra are of the length of the abilomen, acutely angled, almost pointed at the tip, and furnishi'd near the outer edge with a broad and shallow fur- row, whose outer limit is al)riipt and thus well marked, liesides this the elytra are faintly and distantly striate, with five or six rows of striic, and the m(!sostL-riium and im-tasternuin are very delicately granulate. Length of fragment, (I'""' ; breadth, 3'"'" ; distance between anterior edges of middle and hind coxiv, 1.75"'"'. Green liiver, Wyoiaiug. Ona specimen, Nos. 137 and 15249 (F. C. A. Richardson). COLEOPTERA— ELATEKID.E. 497 CRYPTOIIYPNUS Eschscholtz. CkYPTOIIYPNUS ? TEKRESTKIS. PI. 2, Fig. 30. Cfjipiohypnusr terre»tria Soiidd., Bop. Progr. Oeol. Sarv. Cin., 1877-1878, 181-183B (1879). A single, very nearly perfect, elytron, broken slightly at the base, which belongs, with little doubt, to the f^lateridaj, is provisionally referred to this genus. The form of the elytron is as in C. planatus LeC, which is slightly larger than the fossil species. The surface is very minutely punc- tato-rugose, and the stria3 are sharp and clearly defined. In nearly all Elaterida; the fourth stria from the suture unites with the third rather than with the fifth, although it often runs independently to the tip. In < irypto- hypnus there appears to be more latitude, nearly any of the strifp. uniting with either of their neighbors ; and in thii species the fourth unites with the fifth some distance before the tip, while the first three run to the ex- tremity of the elytron, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, following the curve of the outer margin, terminate near the tip of the third stria. Length oi elytron, ,5.5"""; breadth, 1.7.5'"°. Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men. No. .59 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). F.om the same locality were brought the remains of another insect, consisting of the metasternal plates, one side complete, the other broken, and plainly belonging to the Elateridii;. The perfect side agrees so well with the same part in Cryptohypnus planatus LeC. that I refer it to the fossil species above described, which its size renders entirely admissible. It is, however, relatively longer than in C. planatus, the perfect half being about a third longer than broad, not including, of course, the side pieces* which are not preserved. Tiie surface is densely and rather heavily punc- tate, more densely and perhaps less deeply next the coxal cavities; the median line (separating the two lateral halves of the whole metasternum) is very deeply impressed, but the furrow dies out anteriorly in the projec- tion between the coxai. Length of metasternum, 2.1'"". VOL XIII 32 !!■! 498 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. ' EPIPHANIS Eschscholtz. Epiphanis delktus. PI. 5, Figs. 113,114. Epiphanh deleliii ScmW., Bull. U. 8. Ocol. OeoKr. Siirv. Terr., II, 80-81 (1876). On account of the structure of the antenna^ and general reseniblanco of this insect to Epiphanis cornutus Esdisch, I liave placed it in the same genus ; but the form of the prothorax differs somewhat in the two species. The head is moderately large, subquadrate, the anteniuti moni'iform, com- posed of twelve (preserved) equal joints. The thorax is nearly quadrate with straight sides, the front lateral angles rectangular, the front border straight or scarcely concave, the hind border slightly angulato ; the elytra are slender and taper from the middle backward ; they are too poorly pre- served to show the markings. Length, .^)"""; breadth, 11)2""" ; length of head, 0.!)4"'"' ; breadth of same, 0.96""" ; length of prothorax, 1.12"'"'; breadthof same, 1.24™"'; length of elytra, 2.8.5"'"'; breadth of same, O.Tf)"'™ ; length of antenna-, 1.6"""; of sixth joint of same, O.l."""'. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). P^I.ATKKllt.K * sp. I'l. ; , Via. -f*- f.7E Leach. PIIE^'OLIA Erichson. PlIENOLIA INCAPAX. PI. 7, Fig. 23. PhenoUa incapax Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Ooogr. Siirv. Terr., II, HO (1876). Represented only l)y a single specimen and its reverse, showing the under surface of the body, from which the appendages have been torn. It closely resembles in size, form, and the relation of the parts P. grossa (Fabr.), but differs from it in the cliaracter of the under surface of the l>ody, which in the fossil species is very minutely and very fointly punctulate, and the posterior edges of the segments are not raised. Length of fragment, 5.5'""' ; of abdomen, 2.3™"' ; breadth of same, 3'"'". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 133 and 15201 (F. C. A. Richardson). u ('! •J i 'i t i I 600 TEUTlAliY INSHCTS OK NOltTH AMEUICA. ri{()METOPIA Ericl.son. I'kkmetopia dkpilis. I'l. 2, Fijj. 2». rromeloiiia iliiiilin Siiiiltl., Hep. l'-''^'r. (Joiil. Siirv. Can., l«7r>-lM70,2TH-27".»(I''r«'ncho(i., •og-.'Oit) (1877). Tliis beetle uppeicis to l)(jK)iieotles. The form of the elytra and scutcllnm is precisely that of l*n>'net(d)ia .sexmaculata, excepting that the basi' ofthe elytra is more distinctly angnlate; beneath, the elytra an- ('X[)anded just as there, and punctured in much the .same irregular and minute miuiiier, but eipially so at the extreme border beneath, insti-ad of being I'lirnislied .it this point with transverse rugic ; the punctures are (l.()2'<""" in diameter, and d(» not give origin to hairs; the elytra are dark castaneous, and have a dull ridge along the sutural margin. The thorax is black and jtroportioiially shorter than in I'rometopia, but oth(!r\vise it appears to have the same form, although the characteristic lat- eral j)n)jectioiis of the fnmt border are broken oH", only the slightest indica- tion of that on the left side appearing in a jtorfion of the curve of the front border. The thorax is more minutely punctate than the elytra, and the punctic are connected by the slightest jxtssible impressed liiu's, giving it somewhat of a corrugated appearance ; a few of the al)dominal segments may be seen, the pygidium exteinling just beyond the elytra; all these joints are black, smooth, and .shining, without trace of haiis or punctures. Length of fragment, .')..')"""; length (.f middle of thorax, 1.2')"""; breadth of same, .•5.2'""": length of elytra, ;5 75""" ; breadth of united elytra, 3.3.")"'"'. Quesnel, IJritish Columbia. (Jne specimen, No. 24 (Dr. G. M. Daw.son). pi i COLEOPTERA— CUCUJIDvE. 501 Family CRYPTOPHAGIDyE Kirby. AN^niEROPIIAGUS Latreillo. AnTHEROPHAOUS PRI8CU8. PI. 7, Figs. 24, 35. AnlheropKagui prisottt Scudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. (ici>){r..8iiiv. IVrr., 11, 79-80 (187(1) ; in Zlttol, Handb. d. Palicont., I, li, 7!tU, Fij,'. lor.l (lHHr>). Soveriil specimens, representing' eitlier tlie nppcr or tlio under surface of tlie body, have been obtained. Tliey resendjlo A. ocliraceus Melsli. in general apj)earanco. The head is nearly as broaci as the thorax and well rounded ; the eyes are about circular, 0.1 1'""' in diameter; the mandibles are stout, about twice as long as their breadth at base, tapering but slightly; the labium is narrow. I'lu) prothorax is about t\vi(re as broad as long, smooth, the front border slightly concave above, rather strongly concave below, the sides gently and regularly convex, the anterior angles rectangular, the pos- terior less proiniiu^nt, the hind border l)roadly convex. The prosternum and the other sternal portions of the thorax seem to be delicately gran- ulose ; the middle coxai are about ecpiidistant from the others, or perhaps slightly closer to the hind jjair, and the fore coxaj are more closely apjjrox- ifnated to each other than the others, being separated by less than their own width. The scutellum is small, scarcely longer than broad. 'J'he elytra are smooth, equal, tap3ring only near the tip, the extremity of each independently and roundly pointed. Length, 3.2"'"' ; breadth, 1.65""" ; breadth of head, 1.05""" ; of prothorax, 1.53"""; length of same, 0.75"""; of elytra, 2.1"""; breadth of same, C.g""™. Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 4191, 15152 and 15143, 15202, 15252 (Richardson, Uowditch, Scudder). Family CUCUJID^ Stephens. PARANDRrrA LeConte. Pauanurita vestita. n. 7, Fig. 41. Body stout. Head quadrate, twice as broad as long, the posterior and lateral margins straight, the front margin between the bases of the antennje m ('■• m i! ij IK, I i 502 TKUTIAUY INSHOTS OF NOllTU AMKUICA. inmlo of tlireo iioivrly o(iiial ciimrginatiouH, ono at the base of each ninndi- blf, and one, sli^fhtly Itroadur, tlio cinargi nation of tlio labruni. TliOHO Hcari'oly show on tho plate, wliero tlio anterior edge wrongly appears, eHpo- eially on the left Hide, to bo somewhat in advance of the front margin of the oyo8. Mandibles large, stout, nearly as long as the head. Kyes small, circular, situated with the antennjx! at the anterior angles of the head, as distant as possible from the prothorax. Protborax slightly broader than the head and of the same shape, excepting that the posterior angles are broadly rounded and so not closely connected with the elytra, the humeral angles of which are also rouiuled. These are slightly broader than the l»rothorax, soujowhat longer than the rest of the body, entire, with ])arallel sides They are weakly and distantly striate, the stria? marked by sparsely arrangeil erect seta- about as long as the interspaces. Similar seta- are scattered sparsely over the head and prothorax and oven the base of the mandibles. liOngth of body, 7"""; of head and mandibles, 1.75"'™; of prothorax, 1.2'""'; of elytra, 4""" ; breadth of head, "J""" ; of prothorax, 2.3.')""" ; of ely- tra, 2.(15""". This species differs so nnich in its general asj)ect, and especially in its comparative breadth, the great l)readth of the head, and the s(juareness of the prothorax, from P. cephalotes LeC, with which I have especially com- pared it, that I have hesitated somewhat to place it in the same geinis. Casey does not recognize the generic distinction of Parandrita from Ijumuo- phlaus, but if this fossil Ije considered a member of the group there can be little doubt of its value. (Jreen River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. H7 (Dr. A. S. Pack- ard); 83, 85, 95 (Prof L. A. Lee). Family EROTYLID>E Leach. MYCOTin-rrUS Chevrolat. MYCOTUETl'S IUN0TATU8. ri. 7, FiK. .'JO. Mycotretutbinotata Sciidil., Dull. II. S. Oool. Geogr. Surv.Torr., IV, 703-764 (1878); in Zittel, Ilandb. d. I'ahi'ont., I, ii, 800, Fig. 1053 (IBR-.). A single specimen with its reverse represent the dorsal aspect of this species, which closuly resembles M. sanguinipennis Lac. in shape. It is, COLKOPTEKA— STAPHYLINIDvE. 503 however, a little smuUer, the thorax taporH loss rapidly, and the elytra are not striate. The head '\h badly [)ro,sorved, boin^' crowded under the thorax ; it appears, however, to be very small, aI)out halt" as broad as the thorax, with a broadly rounded front, large eyes, and a dark, color. I'ho thorax is about two and a hah' times broader than Ion}"-, with slifjhtly convex sides, rej^tdarly taporin{( toward the ajjex, but not s(» rapidly as would seem to be rerpiired for so proportionally narri»w a head ; the front Ijorder broadly (M)ncave, the hind border very obtusoly an;^'ulate, scarcoly produced as a broad trianj^lo in the miihllo ; the surface is of a li;,'Iit color, very minutely and profusely punctulate, the himl l>orders faintly marjjiiuite, the mar<4'in black and ptuictato. Tlie elytra are more elonj^ate tlian, and do not taper so rapidly as, in M. sanve is the original des('rij)tion of llie species. Since then other sp»>cinu'iis have l)een found by Dr. Packard and myself, some of which are better preserved. Tliese show that the head is of about e(pud length and breadth, well rounded, and with the surface slightly granular, as is also the prothorax ; the la.st is of a very short oval shape, with regularly rounded sides, scarcely more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly. Green Kiver, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 5, 155'' (F. C. A. liichardson); .S4, 94 (Dr. A. S. Packard); ;5!»S7, 4049, 40S8 (S. JI. Scudder). I.ATIlKOniUM INTEKGLACIALE. PI. 1, Fig. 38. A single elytron indicates a species nearly as large as L. grande LeC, l)ut with coar.ser sculpturing than is connnon in this genus and more as in (Jryptobium ; luit in the latter genus the posterior margin is outwardly pro- duced. The inner l);isal angle indicates a pretty large scutellum. The elytron is of nearly uniform width, with a lUiarly straight outer margin but gently roiindiMl, the greatest width do.se to tlu^ tip ; the po.sterior outer angle is rounded otf and the posterior niargin straight. 'J1ie dellexed portion of the outer margin is narrow, subeipuil, rapidly tapering just before its termi- nation, extending just beyond the middle of the apical half of the elytron; inner margin simple. Texture dense, the surface of elytron coarsely, rather shallowly, .and not very closely, irreguhirly punctate, and marked besides by foiu' or five short, shallow, irregular, hnigitudinal grooves just within and before the middle. Length of elytron, 2.5"""; width of upper .surface, 1.25""". Interglacial clays near Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14555 (G. J. lliade). :|:ll OOLEOrTEltA— STAPDYLINIDiK. 507 LEISTOTROPIIUS Perty. Leistotropiius patriabchicus. PI. "), Fig. 112. Leiilotrophun patriarcMcus Soudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Googr. Siirv. Torr., II, 7rt-7!) (187(!). A single {i^reatly cruslied and ill defined specimen. Above, the liead is broader than long, the front very broadly and regularly rounded, the jaws projecting triangularly beyond it; the eyes are large, nearly as long as the head and just as long as the width of the suace between them ; the whole head is minutely and uniformly granulate. The collar, which is not granulate, is of the same width as the part of the head between the eyes, and about half as long as the head ; on one side of and in direct connection with this are some cruslied fragments, ajiparently of one of the fore coxic and femora, which distort its appearance. The prothorax is of about the size of the head, (juadrate, with rounded corners and a slight elevated rim, without punctures or granulations. The elytra are very short, broader than long, quadrate, squai-ely truncate at the tip, leaving no signs of an exposed scutellum, faintly and distantly punctulate. The outline of the middle coxai is impressed through the remains nf the insect, showing them to be shaped as in Creophilus and Leistotropiius. The alxlomen is as broad as the thorax, not much longjr than broad, broadly rounded apically, fur- nished with hairs on the upper surface and apical tufts as in Creophilus villosus (Grav.) ; there are, however, no signs of punctulation. Length of fragment, 12"""; of head, 2.5'""'; breadth of same, 3.7.5"'™; length of eyes, 2""" ; breadth of same (as seen from above), 0.88"'"' ; length of tegmina, 1.7.5'""'; breadth of same, 2'"'"; breadth of abdomen, 3.8'"'"; length of middle femora, 2.3'""' ; breadth of same, 0.(>5"-" ; length of middle coxai, 2.5'"'" ; breadth of same, 1.1'"'" ; length of hind femora, 2""" ; of hind tibia;, 2.5'""'. White River; near the Colorado- Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton). QUEDIUS Stephens. The two species described here from Florissant differ considerably from each other in general appearance, but appear to be structurally simi- lar. They differ, one more markedly than the ot'.ier, from modern species 508 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. of tlie genus in the great brevity of the antennae and of their separate joints, as well as, so far as can bo seen, in the shortness and stoutness of the legs. QlIEUIUS CIIAMBERLINI. n. 10, Fig. 8. Head moderately large, ovate, with a slightly constricted neck. Antenna" considerably longer than the head, reaching about to the middle of the thorax, the tliird joint a little longer than the second, scarcely increasing in breadth apically, the last joint no broader than the penulti- mate and scarcely, if at all, longer than broad. I'rothorax fully as long as the head and narrower than long, subccjual, smooth, and black. Legs shorter and stouter than in our smaller species of Quedius, but otherwise similar. Klytra longer than the protliDrax, of the same color and densely, finely, and briefly pilose. Abdomen black, narrowing posteriorly, the part beyond the elytra longer than tiie rest of the body. Although longer than in the other species of Quedius here described, the antenna' are still markedly shorter than in our living forms. Length, 7.25'""': breadth, 1..5""". The specie.s was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named for the distinguished geologist, l*resident Chamberlin, of the University of Wisconsin. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1478, 0615 and 7083, 10G27, 12057 and 12483. QlKOIUS nREWERI. ri. 16, Vig. 4. Head large, ovate, apparently smooth, with distant punctures, the neck slightly constricted ; mandiiiles stout and not very long; anteiuiie but le little long«'r than the head, increasing very slightly in size apically, tl third joint a little slun'ter than the .second, the last subj)yriform, a little longer than l)r""". (Jroen liivor, Wyoming. One .specimen. No. 15200 (Mr. F. C. A. Ivichard.son). Family H YDROPHILID^E Leach. CEKCYON Leach. CeKCVON i TKKKIGENA. ri. 2, Fig. 21. Cerryon t tirrtyinu Siuild., Kmi. I'ii))?r. Uvtil. Siirv. Can , l-CT l«7rt, 17UH (IH7!t). A single elytron with the base broken otT aj)pears to represent a specieH of Hydrophilidie, and perhaps is most nearly related to Cercyon, but of this |K OOLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILID^. 511 there is much doubt. The elytron is pretty well nrched, equal nearly to the tip, then rapidly rounded off, indicating an ovate beetle with the shape of a Hydiobius or a shorter insect, and of about the size of Helophorus lineatus Say. Eight faintly impressed unimpunctured stria? are visible, the outer one, and to some extent the one next it, deeper ; these two unite close to the tip, curving strongly apically ; the next two curve slightly near their ex- tremity, but are much shorter, not reaching the fourth stria from the suture, which, like the remaining three, pursues a straight course to the seventh stria. The surface between the strise is nearly smooth, piceous. Length of fragment, 2.4""" ; breadth of elytron, 1.35'"" ; distance apart of the striae, 0.15""". Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 57 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). HYDKOBIUS Leach. Hydkouius dkcinekatus. n. 8, Fig. 27. Uydvohim decineratm Sondd., Bull. U. S. Gcol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878). A single specimen exhibits the dorsal surface, but with part of the thorax gone. It re])resents a species a very little larger than IL fuscipes Curt, of California, and is apparently allied to it, thougli slenderer; the head and eyes are as in tliat species; the thorax shorter and the elytra longer and more tapering at the tips, the extremities of which, however, are not pre- served ; they are furnished with oight delicate striae, in which the punctures are scarcely perceptible even when magnified ; the surface otherwise ap- j)oars to be smooth, but is not well preserved. The scutelluin is as in the recent sj)ecies mentioned. Length of body, 7.5"""; of elytra, 4.75"""; breadth of body, 3.G""". Green River, "Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4007. HyDROBIUS CONFIXUS. PI. 7, Fig. 25. A single elytron has been found, perfectly flat, with nearly parallel sides and a bluntly pointed apex. It shows place for a minute scutellum, the surface is smooth, but marked by nine parallel, equidistant, slightly TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. incised strirc, whicli are apparently accompanied (not shown in the plate) by very faint and rather infrequent punctures ; ail the striai can be traced almost to the very tij) of the elytron, some of them unitinjy, or almost uniting, as shown in the plate. The outer edge is not very well preserved, and doubtless a tenth stria is concealed there. Length, 4"""; breadth, 1.7""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 79 (Dr. A. S. Packard). PHILIIYDKUS Solier. PUILU/DKUS PRIM^VUS. PI. 8, Fit,'. 5. rhilhydrun primwriiK Soudd., Bull. V. S. Qool. Googr. Surv. Terr., 11,78(1870). A single specimen, w.inting head, thorax, and legs, but exhibiting at once the upper and under surface of the body (like specimens mounted after a potiish bath), represents this species, which is poorly drawn on the plate, the striae l)eing too far apart and only a portion of them sliown. The elytra taper on the apical third, following the narrowing form of the abdomen, and are delicately pointed ; they are furnished each witii six straight, equidis- tant rows of distinct, longitudinal, punctate striie, 0.19""" distant from one another. Length of elytra, ii.S'"' , breadth of same, l.^r)"'". Green River, Wyoming. One sj)ecimen. No 15199 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson). ■ PiiiLiiYDKUS spp. Two sj)ecimens (Nos. 4033, 4042) of speciies of Philhydrus were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditdi and myself at the same Green River locality, but neither of them is very [)erfect, representing little else than elytra, and these rather obscurely preserved. Tlie larger species has smooth elytra ; the elytra of the other have eight delicate stria*, which apparently are not punc- tured. i'ossil)ly one or both should be referred to Ilydrobius. Length of elytra of larger species (No. 4033), 4"""; breadth of body, Length of elytra of smaller species (No. 4042), 3.75""" ; breadth of body, 3""". .Mention of these Wiis made by me in the Hull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 70-761 (1878). A single well preserved elytron represents a species scarcely smaller than B. punctipennis Chevr. (undescr.^) from Mexico, with the elytra of which it also agrees in the character of the tip and in the shape of the whole, unless in the fossil it tapers more toward the base ; the latter is also remark- able for the absence of the two lateral striiv, the others retaining their nor- mal position ; and for the delicacy of the stri.ne themselves, which are even more faintly impressed than in B. cuspidatus Chevr., and, unlike all Berosi I have seen, are nearly devoid of any sign of punctuation ; faint traces only can be seen when magnified twenty-five diameters. As not unfreciuently hiippens in Hydropliilidie, although I have not noticed it in Berosus, a 'SiM'ii ill tlio collootitm of tlio late Mr. George D. Smith. VOL. XIU 33 5U TKUTIAUY INSKCTS OP NOIJTII AMKRIOA. iU ) short Hupplemoiitjviy wtriii orijfimitcs near the biwo of tlio soooiid striii, piwli- iiienerally in appearance witli it, but is .slenderer, and the tip of the elytra is simple ; the punctured striiu are exactly as in that species, as far as they can be made out 'I'he head is large and well rounded, with large round eyes. 'Die pronotiim, the poste- rior edge of which is partly concealed by tlio overlapping base of the elytra, pushed a little out of place, is shorter than in IJ. cuspidatus, with rounded sides, broadly and shallowly concave front, and apparently smooth surface. The elytra are long and slender, with entire, bluntly pointed tip.s, and very delicate, finely impunctured stria*. Tiie whole body is regularly obo- vatc. broadest in the middle. . Length of body, 5.()5"'"': of elytra, 4.L5"'"' ; breadth of bcnly, 2.75"'". Green Kiver, WN-oniing. One specimen. No. 4002. THOPIS'l'EKNL'S Solier. TkOI'ISTKRNI'.S SC'l'M'TIKIS. Tropinlernu' Mriilplilii ."Sciulil., Hull. T. S. (iccil. (iciit,'r. Stirv. TiTr., IV, "CiO (1H7S). In a specimen and its reverse, of .v.liich only the abdomen and elytra are preserved, we have a well marked species of Tropisternus of al)out the size and sha])e of T. mexicanus C'astln., but with rather frecpient stria-, more distinct than in that species, and cojnposed, not, as there, of rows of impressed points, but of continuous, faintly impressed lines; the lines are apparently eight in ninnber and uniform in delicacy and distance apart ; the Itase of the elytra, however, is poorly j)reserved ; the elytra are rather slenderer than in the recent .species mentioned, and the extreme tij) is COLEOPTERA-IIYDROPFIILID^B. 515 roiindod awl not acutdly pointed. Distinct stiiiitlon of the elytra is rare in TropistcMMiUH, l)ut it sciu'cely soenia poHsiblo to refer tliirt species elsewhere. LeMj,'th of elytra, 0.5'"'" ; breadth of combined elytra, !)""". Green Iliver, Wyoniinjjf. One specimen, Nos. 3!)H9 and 4084. ThOPISTEKNUS 8AXIALI8. PI. 8, Fig. 2. Trnpinlernim narialis Sriiild., Hull. U. 8. Oonl. OnoRr. Siirv. Ttirr., IV, 7r)9-7r)0 (tH78). One specimen and its reverse, fonnd by me in the Green River shales, represents a species of Tropisternus nearly as larjife as T. binotatus Walk, from Mexico. Tlie hirgo size of the head and tlie shortness of the prothorax are doubtless due to tlio mode of preservation, the whole of the head, deflected in life, boinjj shown, while the thorax is in some way foreshort- ened. In all other respects it aj^rees with the Ilydrophilidaj, and especially witii Tropisternus, havinjr the form of the species mentioned. The head is broad and well rounded, witii small, lateral, p Hpociul pntniiiiencc of the third and fifth iiiti'r«paceH over the intermediate ones, though the seventh and eightii are eh^vated ; the punctures are also a litth* h'ss pronouneed, and so the interspaees wiiK-r ; whenee doiil)th>ss it liappens that the minute liairs which are confined to a sinj;h' pn^tty rej^uhir row in the interspaees of the livin^f sj)eeies are scattered, irre<;uhir, and more numerous in the fossil. I.enjrtlj of frafrment, -Ml' ; pndtahh^ len<;th of elytron, 2.H""" : its l.rtadth, 1""". Interfflacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14504 ((}. .1. Hinde). HYi>Kornrs keli('Ti:h. !•!. H, Fij;. II. Head rather larffe, rounded, subtrian;fular, broader than lonjif but prominent; eyes moderately larj;e, oth in front an*l behind, tlu^ sides slijfhtly and rather rejiularly rounded, front and hind i)ord(?r nearh- strai.!•' ; of elytra, 1..'}'""'. The specimen is seen from altove but with a partially lateral view; if it were wholly dor.sal the width of the elytra w >uld prttbably be l.T""'. Cireen Kiver beds, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 88 (Dr. A. S. Packard). IIELOIMIOIU'S llligor. IIki.oI'IIOKIS KI0K.SCEN8. 1*1. 1, Kij,'. .W. A single elytron with a broken tip repn'seuts this species, which does not seem to agree do.^^ely with any modern form, having less heavily ])unctate t'OLK()I'THItA-(!AKAUll)/E. 617 strijc and flatter iiit(M'8|)ncoH tlmn imy known to mo. Tn jfoneml, in color and in toxtun*, (^xccptinfr in tlio vory intorniptfjdly olovat.-d and jribbnus int('r«i»H(;('«, wliicli an; tlu* i-iiiof (-liaracteriHtic of the ob -a of II. tnlicrcu- latUH Gyll., it mij^Hil ho ('oni|)artjd to that HjutcioH, hut it a^riios iu'ttor in Hizo witli II. scahor LoC. Tho prominent humoral nugh \h not properly shown in the plato, and tho breadth is made to appear too great from the Hpreading of tho declivous margin Length of fragment, 2.1"""; probable lengtl. of elytron, 2.2h"""; breadth in natural position, 0.7""". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14505 (G. J. Ilinde). Family DYTISCID^ MacLeay. LACCOPHILUS Leach. Laccophilus sp. PI. 5, Figs. 116, 117. rMccopHha Hj>. Soudd., null. II. .S. Oei)!. (Joogr. Hhtt. Torr., H, 7H (Wfl), III, 7r)9 (1877). A fragment of a leg found I)y Mr. Denton in Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah, must be referred to this genus. It represents the hind femur and tibia of a species allied to L, maculosus Germ , i)ut is so uncharacter- istic a fragment that it is not worthy of further mention. Family CARABID^e Leach. CHLiENIUS Bonelli. ClILiENIUS PIJNCTULATU8. I'l. 1, Fig. 7. (Mwniui iiuiiclulatiiH Horn, Trann. Aiiier. Kut. .Soc, V, 244 (1870). "One elytron of the size and very similar to that of C. laticollis, from which it ditfers in having the stria? more finely impressed and the punctures ratlier closer, while those of the intervals are coarser and less numerous. Length, .40 inch; 10""". "There can be no doubt that the generic determination is correct in this instance." Horn, loc. cit. «\ £_jgi---T:^ — ;~i"--.--.':rrT:: ;i'! i \¥ 518 TKiniAKV IN8KCT8 OF NOItTII AMKKICA. HcHiMcs II Hliort liiniioral Htria tlioro imi nino otlict-H, finely 1>iit Himrply iniprcsstMl, with tV«'(iii(>iit piiiicturcH iit irri>};tiliir ilistiinccK iih if tlioy wore only II piirt of those which cover profusely tlict whole siirfiice, 'I'Ik* iiiter- Hpact's are O.'Wr)""" hroail in the inidille of the elytra, nearly flat, and besides the ahuudant punctuation lire very delicately and Hhurply rii^uloHu, imicli iiH in Oyniinilis auri>ni from the Hanie hods. Bono cavoH of I'ort Kennedy, Pennsylvania. CYMINDIS Latreillo. CyMINDIS AI'HOKA. PI. 1, Fijr. 0. Cy»iinssure and n.'tainiii;^ much of the chitinous sultstance A species is cated closely related to (J ami-ricana, hut s(uu(nvliat larj^er. 'I'lu* pinu tion of the intervals and the arraiijftMiient of the stria- near the tip, res(Mnl)lo HO closely those of Cymindis, that 1 place the «i)ecies in that gunuH." Horn, loc. cit. The .stria', althout^h very distinct, are really shallow, and are very iiulistinctly and somewhat irre;jrularly punctured; the intc-rspaces are (►.2.'')""" broiul in the middle of the elytra, and the surface is very rejjidarly and most delicatelv and sharplv ru<;ulose and furnished abiindantlv with irrej;- ularlv st-attered, somewhat faint, (-ircular punctures, whicli can scarcely bo said to be arraiii;ed biseriately, althou<,''h tlu^y are more fr»'(pient aloiifj;' lines which are s]i;,''htlv nearer the stria- than tlu^ middle of the iiiterspac-es, and also to a h'ss ext(mt alonj; the middle line of the interspaces. The lenj^tli of the (-hitiiioiis portion of the frajfinent is (J.5""". 'I'ho breadth of the elytron and the number of stria- can not bo determined. Bone caves of INtrt Kennedy, I'enn.-^ylvania. I'LATYNIIS Bonelli. The several species of IMatvnus herci rles(-ril)ed from the inter«flacial clay beds beloujj to one type, si»mewhat distantly represented to-day by ■■*"**''hHB coi.i:ui"n:uA— cauahid.h oli) I'. croniHtriutUH IiO('. and P. i'ul)i'i|H'H Zlmin., in wliicli tlio Htriir uro coiii'hu anil |)iiiictur(t(l, tin* Hiituitil Htriii inHi;rii;ticant. or ohHoloMcciit, and tliit Hurt'aco t(fxtur(t a vfry dolicato transvcrHti rilihin^'' nnwiion; hrokun up into a ruticulation. Pl-ATYNIJH HKNEX. IM. 7, FiK. 3H. rialymiH Hinrjr Hcmld,, Dull. ir. H, O.miI. Oeonr. Hiirv. Torr., IV, TW), (1878.) TIiIh Hpc'ciim irt roprestJiited l»y a winfjflo spcciinon and itH reverse, Tlie upper Hurtaco is shown with none of the wlenderer appenihij^es. 'I'he true torni of the head can not ho determined, as the edj^cs are not preserved. Tiie prothorax is unusually s(piare for a earahid, resenddiii}^ o'dy certain forms of Hemhidium and IMatymis, and especially I', variolatus LeC. It is, however, still more cpiadrate than in that species, and differs fron> it in Hhape, hein^ a little hroader than Ion;;-, hroadest just hcthind the middle, taperin;>- l)Ut little anteriorly, and scarcely more rapidly at the extreme apex; the elytra are tti;,f('ther only about half as hroad a;>ain at base as the thorax, and are furnished with ei^^ht very faint and feehle stria-, appar- ently unpuncturcd, the one next the nuir;{'in interrupted by four or livu fovea! on the posterior half of tiie elytra; the humeral re^^ion is too poorly preserved to determine the stria- at that point; the form of the elytra is as in P. variolatus. Length of body, <;.!"'"'; breadth of thorax, 1..'')"""; of base of elytra together, 2.3"""; length of elytra, 4.1""". Green liiver, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 391)8 and 391(2. Platynus casus. IM. 1, Fig. 42. A single elytron is preserved in the beds which have yielded so many Platyni, which seems to be better comparable with P. rubripes Zinun. than with any other living form, but better still witl. the fossil forms from the same beds, with which it agrees also better in size, though it is a trifle broader, with a considerably more rounded humeral angle, a more rounded outer n»argin, and the first stria closely approximated to the suture. Except in these particulars it agrees best with P. halli ; but, somewhat as in P. rub- ripes though with less regularity in size and distribution, the interspaces 520 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. l-i are filled with i»re;rnlar sliallow punctures, which run more or less together so as to t'orin interrupted, longitudinal, adventitious s(n-ies between the stria-. The intimate .'exture of the surface is much as in V. halli, the fifth and sixth sirije meet i't a distance from the tip and the sutural stria is obsolescent and brief. Length, 4 7""" ; breadth, 1.6°"°. Ititorglacial clay beds, Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14523, (G. J. Ilinde). Platynus hindei. PI. 1, Fig 54. A number of fragments occur of a species which seems to be allied to P. rubripes Zinun , but is nuu^h smaller than it and differs from it consid- erably, 't'he shajjc of the elytron is much the same as there, but the humeral angle is more pronounced, the stria' are rather coarser and perhaps a little more heavily punctate, while the interspaces, instead of being faintly and shallowly punctate, are not only very faintly and irregularly ♦ransversely corrugate, but the fine sharp reticulation of the living species seen under str(»ng magnifyinii- power is entirely absent from the j)iceou8 suri'ace «if the fossil, being replaced by a scarcely perceptible dull trans- verse riltbing. The fifth and sixtli stria' are also united (»nly a little l)eyond th..' middle of tlu- outer half of the elytron, and the sutural stria is very short indeed and generally inconspicuous. Length, 4. ti.")""": breadth. 1..^)"'"'. Clay beds of interglacial deposits, Scarboro, Ontario. Nine specmiens, Nos. 14.-)'2, 14.-)14, 14518, ;i452H. 14.'..'{;), 14.544, 14.54r,, 14.5.54, 14.5(12 r(i. .1. Ilinde). I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. (J. .1. Ilinde, to whose industry and zeal we are indebted for the interesting series of interglacial Coleoptera shown on Plate 1. Pl.ATYNl S HALLI. PI. 1, Fig. 41. Another species of Platynus, allied to P. crenisfriatus licC, is still more ncar'.v related to P. iiindei just descrilx-d, and is of the same size, and therefore considerably sniiiller than the living sj)ecies, to which it bears the COLEOPTERA— OARABIDil']. 521 nearest resemblance. Its rel.itions to P. hindei are very much the same as those of V nibrijjes to P. crenistriatus, the stria*, being- deeper and coarser than in P. hindei and the punctures hirger and heavier. Tliougli the humoral angle is scarcely so prominent as in P. hindei, the texture of the surface is scarcely different, unless in being slightly more marked, while in P. crenistriatus there is no reticulation or cross ribbing whatever. The early union of the fifth and sixth striie again marks its affinity with P. hindei, and the sutural striii is of much the same character, though slightly variable. Length, 4.6r)"""; brem'th, 1.5""". Clay beds of interglacial age, Scarboro, Onta'-io. Three specimens, Nos. 14520, 14524, 14525 (G. J. Hinde). Named in honor of the veteran New York paleontologist. Prof. James Hall. PlATYNUS DISSIPATU8. PI. 1, Fig. 37. This species, which is of the same size as P. lialli and agrees with it in its general features and in the miiuite texture of the surface, is separated froui it solely on account of the grosser sculpture of the elytra, since the st.iie, wliicli are equally broad, are much shallower — a characteristic which applies as well to the piuictures — and are less distinct on the sides than op the interior half Neitl r of the fragments is perfect, though one has all but a little of the tip and pernnts us to see tluit the fifth and sixth stria3 would unite earh', as in those species, did they iu)t fade out altogether before unit- ing. There is at least one puncture in the tiiird interspace as far from the base as the width of the elytron. Breadth of elytron, 1 .5"'"'. Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, OntJirio. Two specimens, Nos. 14515, 145(!a (G. J. Hinde). PlATYNUS DESITKTUS. in. 1, Fipta. 43, 51, 58. Thih, the largest of the species from the clay beds of the Canadian border, ii, more nearly allied to P. crenistriatus LeC than to any other liv- -'™--~««.i,i...,,,,™™i„. 522 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ing species, agreeing with it also in size, wliicli none of the other fossils do ; but in other particuhirs, inchuling the intimate texture of the surface, it agrees better with its contemporaries. It is nearest perhaps to P. halli, but tlie strij« and punctures are a little less pronounced, the insect is much larger, and the fifth and sixth striaj meet at no great distance from the tip of the elytron, as in the modern species mentioned. There appear to be three punctures in the third interspace. Length of elytron, 5"""; breadth, 2"""'. Clay l)eds of interglacial times, Scarboro, Ontario. Six specimens, Nos. 14477, 14478, 14486, 14r)16, 14526, 14538 (G. J. Hinde). ' Platynus hakttii. PI. 1, Fig. 31. This species, represented by a couple of specimens oidy, is the smallest of those found in the interglacial deposits, and in its peculiarities, especially in the di.stant union of the fifth and sixth stria', is most nearly allied to the largest. Its outer margin is well rounded, scarcely marginate, the humeral angle tolerably ))rominent but well rounded ; the stria' are course and deep, with rather heavy but not very distinct punctures, scarcely broad- ening the stria', while the piceous surface is delicately and rather faintly cross-ril)bed. The marginal stria is obsolescent. There are apparently two or three intersn-^'ial |)unctur('s. It is very small for a Platynus. Length of elytron, 3.6"""; width of one, 1.3.')""". Interglacial clays of Scarboro. Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14475, 14480 ((}. J. Hinde). Named in memory of my fellow-stuflent. Prof C. F. Ilartt. formerly director of the Geological Survey of Brazil. Platynus c.*:8U8. i'\. 7, Fig. ;y. This species is represented !)y a couple of specimens, one showing the closed elytra, the other tluf whole body j>roper and tiie fragment of a leg. It appears to be a triu; Platynus. The head is ol)scure, but apparently longer than l)road, with medium-sized circular eyes. The pronotum Is broad suldyriform, the front margin scarcely concave, the anterior angles a OOLEOPTBRA-CARABID.E. 523 little more than rectanjriilar and well defined, the sides convex, the poste- rior angles very much rounded off, the hind margin otherwise gently con- vex ; it is broadest slightly behind the middle, strongly margined at the sides, followed by a distinct neck, which is half the width of the pronotum. The elytra are oval, strongly margined, the humeral angles almost as strongly rounded as the hinder margin, the strise coarse, with no indication of punctures. Length of body, G™"; of pronotum, 1.4"""; of elytra, 3.25'""'; second specimen, 3.5""" ; width of pronotum, 1 75"'™ ; of elytra, 2.2 (2.25)"™. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 83, 85 CDr. A. S. Packard). DIPLOCHILA BruUd. In this genus I place provisionally a fine but headless specimen from Florissant, rather imperfectly preserved as regards the elytra, and which was accidentally placed with the Heteroptera from appearing to have a large scutellum, due to the impress of underlying parts. There seems to be nothing nearer among our native Coleoptera. No fossil form has previously been recognized in this genus, which is a widely distributed one in various parts of the globe. DiPLOCHILA 1 HENSHAWI. PI. 28, Fig. 9. A species is indicated of the size and general appearance of D. major, but it differs so much that it is very doubtful if it belongs to the genus. The finding of fresh material will probably determine this. The head is picking. Tiie form of the thorax is soni'nvhat similar so far as can be told ; much has been worked out from tlie stoTie since tlie drawing wa.; made, but the front part is imperfect by the removal of an angular fragment following an angulate suk-ation not unconnnon in Oarabida>, but here excessively deep ; the thorax narrows more rapidly and considerably than in I), major, with angulate rather than sinuate sides, so that the tliorax is one-half wider at base and two-tliirds wider at the widest than at apex. The ovate form of the abdomen with the closed elytra is rather more like that of Carabus than of Diplochila, the elytra apparently furnished with distant slightly impunctate striie. The legs are constructed on the carabid type; tlie middle and hind 524 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. f(imorii are of eqiuil size, tlie liiiul tibiiu considerably longer than the femora, furnished with a superior sharp carination ; thoy expand slightly at the tip, and are armed with a ))air of long, unequal spurs ; hind tarsi a little longer than the tibia', the lirst two joints are subequal, very long, each almost as long as the third to the fifth together; these subecpial, the last apically sub- buUate and armed with a pair of rather short claws. Apparently the whole bodv was uniformlv black. Length of fragment, 1 4""" ; breadth across middle of thorax, 6.5™"' ; across dosed elytra, 9.2"""; lengtli of hind tibia, fi.4"'"' ; tarsus, 7.1"'"'; first tarsal joint, 2.7.')'""'. Named for my excellent friend, the well known American entomologist, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Cambridge. Florissant. One specimen, No. 8201. DICyELUS HonelH. ■J< DlCJEhVa ALUTACEU8. PI. 1, Figs. 8-10. Dic(Thi» aUitaceiiK Horn, Truiig. Ainer. Eut. Soc, V, 244 (1876). "Two elytra much flattened, retaining tlieir proper position in relation to each other, remain, with but little of their actual sub.stance enough how- ever to indicate the surface .sculpture. " A species is indicated bearing a chise relationship to dilatatus, but with the intervals .somewhat more convex and tlie surfa«'e more distiiu',tly alutaceous. The humeral carina appears to have l)een extremely tine and rather less elevated than in dilatatus. " Elytra.— Length, .70 inch, 17..")' Width, .40 inch, 10"'"'. " The measurenu'nt includes also the portion of the elytra covered by the ba.se of the tlu»rax. With proper allowaiwe being made for flattening a species is indicated of as large size as our largest purpuratus but relatively narrower." Horn, loc. cit. The stria' are seven in number, besides the humeral stria, and are O.fi.'i""" apart in tlie middle of the elytra. The length of the largest fragment is 17""": the breadth of one elytron, 4. !»'""'. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. COLEOPTEKA— CABABID.E. 525 DiCiELUS sp. PI. 1, Fig. 15. Dicmlut sp. Horn, Trans, Amrr. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1870). " Another species of much smiiller size than the preceding [D. ahitaceus Horn] is indicated by an inii)reHsion of the greater part of both elytra and a very small fragment of one elytron, resembling D. elongatus. The carina appears to be of similar length and the intervals moderately convex, equal and smooth. " No measurements can be given as I have not sufficient material on which to base them and I must also leave the species nameless." Horn, loc cit. 1 have seen only the specimen figured. The surface sculpturing is the same as in I), ahitaceus, but the species being smaller the stria; are of course closer ; but in addition to this there are more of them, as there are nine in all ; their average distance apart in the middle of the elytron is 0.4""". The width of the two elytra together is 7""". The fragment is too imperfect to require a name at present. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. PTEROSTICHUS Bonelll. PXEROSTlCHrS ABR0GATU8. PI. 1, Fig. 39. A fragment of an elytron indicates a species closely allied to P. liercu- laneus Mann in elytral structure and of probably about the same size. The sutural stria is similar; there are the same broad and deep, simple stria% onl}' they are, if anything, broader and deeper in the fossil. The interspaces are, however, flatter than in the recent species, and the intimate texture of the surface, instead of showing a very distinct reticulation of minute imbricated cells with sharply defined walls, is almost entirely smooth, the faintest sign only of such tracery being visible with strong magnifica- tion. I'he first stria is also at an unusual distance from the margin. Tlie color '!•; piceous. Length of fragment, h""" ; width of same, 2""" ; })resumed length of elytron, 7.5""". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14.5fi0, (G. J. Hinde). VJ' - 526 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Pterostichus dorhitans. PI. 1, Figs. 40, 55. This species, represented by two opposite ends of elytra, is very close indeed in size and general character to P. laetulus LeC. It may be slightly smaller, but not enough to be worth specifying. The color is different, being testaceous instead of a dull metallic green. There are the same delicately traced, indistinctly, distantly, and delicately punctate stria?; a sutnral stria of the same charac*?r, and similarly flattened interspaces. The intimate surface structure of the interspaces is similar, l)ut the cells of the present species are a little smaller than in P. laetulus, with coarser and less prominent walls, and therefore giving a much less delicate reticulation. The third interspace is not well enough preserved to tell anything about the j)unctures. Length of largest fragment, 4.5™"' ; breadth of elytron, 2"'"'. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14503, 14508 (G. J. llinde). Pterostichus destitutus. PI. 1, Fig. 44. This species is represented by a single elytron of a mahogany color, whicii seems to be nearly related to P. sayi Brulk' anil of the same shape, though a considerably smaller species. The ciiaracfer of the stria' in depth and punctuation is quite as in P. sayi, but the interspaces are flatter, and the delicate transverse reticulate striation, finely traced in P. sayi, is hero inconspicuous and (lull and more irregular. The present species has a similar sutural stria, but apparently no puncta in the third or any other interspace, though it is possible that one exists in the place <»ccuj)ied by tlui ])osteri(»r one in P. sayi. ( )iu' peculiarity of the present species is the early union (l of about the same size as P. hudsonicus \joi\ and closely reseiiil)liiij»'it. The elytra are ])iceoiis, with a nietallic-hluo reflection; there are nine distinctly and rather deeply and equally impressed stria-, rather faintly and not very profusely punctate ; the interspaces ap|)ear as if minutely cracked, and with a sinudation of excessively faint and small fovea' throu<>:liout, while the third has a more distinct, though still rather shallow and rather lar^e fovea considerably behind the middle of the apical half uf the elytra ; a scn-ond fovea appears in the third intersj)ace, as far from the apical fovea as that is from the apex, but it is situated laterally, encroachinpf on the stria next its inner side. It is perhaps due only to an excess of the siniidafinff fovea- that there is ai)parently a row of approximated punctures, (piite like those of the nei'Ji'hborin},'' stria', for a very short distance between the base of the sixth and seventh stria-. 'I'he first stria turns outward next the biise, to make room for a scutellar stria. 'I'he obli(piely cut mar' inal fovea- aj^ree with tiiose of P. nudsonicus. 'I'he prothorax is (piadn-.e, the front mar"'"'; length of prothorax, 2.25"'"'; breadth, 3.5"'"' : breadth of abdomen, 2.-_'5'""'. The species diflers from I*, htidsonicus in the shaj)e of the prothorax (if that belongs here), i)roader stria-, and less convex elytra. Interglacial clays of Scarbont Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Sev- eral specimens, among others Nos. 145'_M, 1641H (G. .1. Ilinde). PtKKoSTICIU'S L.KVlGATrs. I'l. 1, I-'iRs. ;}, 4. I'lrronliihiiii InriiiiitiiH Hiirn, iiinl. /'/(•n)Wir/iH« M|>. Iliirti, 'rr;iii.s. AiiH'r. Kill. Sim'., V, 'iVA (1^71!). " FVagMicnts of two elytra. Klytra striate, stria- inii)Mii('tured, inter- vals moderately convex, smooth. "A species api)arentl\' of the size of coracinus or stygicus is indicated, i i COLEOPTERA-OAUAUID.K. 529 but without more material it seems unnecessary to name it, or guess as to its affinities." Horn, loo. cit. Besides the two elytra referred to al)ovo Dr. Horn has sent me attached to the same card anotlun- elytron, hetter preserved, but with tlie apex lacking; the chitinous portions of tlu- othc fragments perfectly resemble this, and tiiere can sc^arcely be any doubt tluit thoy l)elong together. This now fragment is of a piceous color. There are nine striii-, counting the one next the outer edge; the interspaces are <»..')""" broad, moderately- convex, smooth, l)ut with transverse impressed lines at very irregular and rather infrecpient intervals, which can hardly be due altogether to preser- vation, as they seldom or never cross continuously two contiguous ijiter- spaces ; the strijc are deep, faintly margined at the bottom, but in none .f them, nor in any of those in the specimens described by Dr. Horn, can I discover the slightest sign of punctures. Length of this elytron (fragmentary), G.S'""' ; breadth of same (com- plete), 'i..')"'"' ; width of the two contiguous elytra, 5..5""". With this additional knowledge it seems worth while to restore the name Dr. Morn once thought of employing. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. PTEROSTICIIUS? sp. PI. 1, Fig. r,. PlerostichuH r sp. Horn, Trans. Aiiicr. Ent. Sov., V, l>.»:t (1876). "The greater portion of two elytra with the basal and apical ends wanting, indicate a form of larger size than an\- of our eastern species of Pterostichus. The elytral substance is in extremely bad state, being wrinkled and cracked in such a manner as to render a description ot its sur- face impossible. It may be a Lophoglossus." Horn, loc. cit. There are eight strii^ besides that at the outer edge ; the interspaces are ().42""'' in width, more flattened than in P. hevigatus, broken into innu- merable fragments, like sun-dried nfud, resulting in a dead-black color, but with no indications that the surface was otherwise than quite smooth. The length of one of the elytra (the base broken) is 10""" ; its width (complete) 3.2.')""" Bono caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. VOL. XIII u4 530 TERTIAKY INSKvJTS OF NOKTIi A.MKUICA. PATROBUa Mt'Keilo. PaTRIHU'S (IKLATUS. n. I, Fip. 4S. Of tills HpecioH tlio only romniriH tuv a Hiueply incised median line, each lateral half thus divided marked posteriorly l»y an al)rupt flat and punctate depression, with well marked rounded ttutline, distinctly separated from the median incision on one side or the very narrow, marginate, lateral border on the other, aiul separated from the latter als(» by a loiigitiulinal furrow not figured in the plate; otherwise the surface is sniooth. It is undoubtedly related very closely to P. septentrionis Dej., ditl'ering principally in the sharp and sud- den depression of the fossje in the hind angles and their separation from the lateral border by a distinct incised longitudinal furrow. Length of prothorax, 2.1"""; greatest l»readth, 2.75""". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14.')H6 (G. J. Hinde). liKMlUDH'M Latreille. HeMIUIHUM EXOI-KTt'M. I'l. 5, Figs. 121, lau. Itembidium rrokliim SrmM., Hull. ['. S. (Icoj. (icour, Siir\ . TiTr., 11, 77-7'' (I87f)). A single, rather well preserved specimen, exhil)itiiig the upper surface and impressions of parts of the legs. It is of about the size (»f H. in.T(piale (Say). The head is too poorly pre.served to present any characters; tluf pronotum is of equal width anteriorly and posteriorly, its sides regularly and considerably convex, the posterii)r angles well defined, the liind margin slightly convex ; its surface appears to be very iainf ly punctulate, at least posteriorlv, and there is a slightly inij)resse(l median line. The elytra are shaped as in H. ina-quale, and are provided with seven or eight very deli- catelv inipres.sed Idiigitiidinal striic, made up apparent of a series of ad- f m COIii:oi»TKUA OAUABID.K. 581 jacent punctures; tlie sutuml o(l2"""; breadth of same, (),3(i""»; distance apart of the elytral 8tria% 0,11""°. White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen, No. ;')4 (W. Denton). BkMHIDIITM G1.A( iatum. ri. 1, Fig. 40, A couple of elytra represent this species, which seems to be nearly allied to the scarcely smaller 11 longulinn LeC. The humeral angle is not quite 80 prominent, and the striiu and punctures are niore heavily marked. The stria' are indeccl rather deeply impressed and equally ho over the whole width of the elytron, but all become less pronounced and even obsolescent apically ; the same is true of the punctures which on the basal half of the elytra are very heavy, making transverse ci-eases in the neighboring inter- spaces, s(» that they are rather transverse than longitudinal or even circular. The sutural stria is as in H. longulum, and the texture of the surface of the interspaces, instead of being as in the modern species almost structureless, is marked with a fine but decided cross-ribbing, verging upon reticixlation. The color is a rich carbonaceous with a purplish tinge. Length of elytron, 3.2"""; width, 1.35""". Interglacial clays of Scarl)()ro, Ontario. Two specimens, NoM. 14536, 14541 (G. J. Hinde). liEMBinUTM FRACMKNTUM. IM. 1, Fig. t5. Another species of liembidium from the glacial clays is represented by a single elytron with the tip broken off, differing from the preceding by its nuu!h less heavy markings and agreeing better among modern types with H. constrictinn Say, which is of about the same size. The elytron is black, with a remarkal)ly little di^volopod humeral angle (though this is exagger- I 682 TKHTIAUY INSECTS OF NORTH AMKUICA. i| If i it ; atcd in the pinto liy an uiifortuimti' twist in tlio Hpocinion) uikI with Mv'uv ulnioHt wholly inji(K' u|) of tolt'rahly hciivy circnlur pnncturt'«, which t'ado out on the apical half of the elytron and aro ohsoleHcent on thu Hidu8. It iH abont an heavily niarkol as M constrictinn. Lcnjfth of frajfujent, 3.(i"""; pnthaldc length of elytron, 4"""; itri breadth. 1 4r)""». Inter;;lacial clays of Scurboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14501) (G J. Uinde). NKHIMA Latreillo. Ni:ilKIA I'AI.KOMKLAS. ri. 2, Fiji. -'<». ffrhria paltomrhin SeaiU., Ri mid in the presence of distinct suhmarfrinul fovea-. The elytra are of a >ilisteiiinji'. somewhat blue-black color. The «triie are Htronjjly impressed, faintly tlioiij-h rather coarsely and profusely pnnctidate, the third interspace with three small, distinctly but not deeply impressed fovea', arranj;ed as in \,. ea'rnlescens, two near each other just above the middle of the elytra, iind er surface of Elaphrus. The elytra are shaped as in L. decempunctata, particularly at the apex. Length of elytron, 4.4'""'; breadtii, 1.6""", Interglacial clays, Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Caruida. Two specimens, Nos. 16416, 1G417 (G. J. Ilinde). Loricera ? lutosa. PI. 1, Fig. 32. A single elytron in a perfect .state of preservation. It is almost two and a half times longer than broad, scarcely broader in the middle than at the base, the humeral angle roundly angulated. There are ten series of very coarsely punctured strife, the four inner running almost to the apical I 534 TKKTIAUV FNSKCTS OF NOHTH AMHKIdA. ]■ n !' niarfflii, tlu' otliors, li(»\vov('r. ciirviii'; inward tti al)uf against them, the (tuti'i'iiiost meeting the innermost at the apex: the elevated narrow inter- sj)aces smooth and shining : the wlioh' piceous. This can liardly he referred to l^oricera, Itiit I ean Hnd no other genus with which it hetter agrees. I am inehned to the l)chet' that it will h;' found to belong to an extinct type of Loricerini There seems to he, as there, a faint internal plica, hut the specimen is broken only at just this ]»oint. I.engtli of elytron, 3.3""": l)readth, 1.4"'"'. Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario, Canada. One specimen, No. 14509 (G. J. Hinde.) KLAI'HHl^S Kabricius. f? fl i »i ElAIMIKI'S IRl{K(il'l,ARIS. ri. 1, Via. ."■)<;. An elytron oidy is |)re.served, whicii 1)\ its surface sculj)ture appears to resemble E. viridis, of California (whi<'li 1 liavi' not seen), more than any other, though in size it agrees better with E. rij)ariiis i> .d E. ruscarius, the nearest allied of the species I have examined, 'i'he elytron is distinctly slenderer tlian in these latter species, with the middle scarcely, if at all, wider than the base, but with entirely similar apex. Surface uniformly |>unctured, the pn"ctures coarser than in E. riparius, with ill-defined obscure fove;e, the basal one of the .second series from the suture being the <>ii]\' one as distinct as in E. riparius : spaces between the fovea' vemarkal)ly (?hnat(Ml, forming longitudinal, more or less torfiuuis ridges which are highest (and rarely poli.shed) in longitudinal dashes as long as the diameter of the fovea- .md in the same lines with them, i. e., bet .veen fovea- of the same htngitudinal series Jind not in the interspaces between the .series. It is in these elevated spaces that its relationship to E. viridis especially appears, and tiieir irregularity, through their nK»re or less tortuous connecting, less elevated ridges, which has suggested the name. C(»lor dull picemis. with faint dark metallic gre<»n reflection, which is ipiite distinct on tlie inflected margin. Length of elytron, 4."»'"'" : breadth, 1..')""". Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One speeiineu, No. 14527 (G. J. llir.de). !•! COLEOPTERA— OARABIDJi. 535 NEOTITANES gen. nov. (v,'oi, 9^-tjaKco). Allied to Carabus, an<' Vtclonging' to tlie same tribe, Garabini. It differs from it ill some marked ioatures of the head, but agrees better with it than with the Cyclirini, in which it was formerly placed. The head is unusually broad and short, the width between the base of the not very prominent round eyes being nearly tivice as great as the length from t'.r^ center of the eyes to the margin of the labrum, while the burial of th- ix ' 1 in the pro- thorax up to the base of the eyes renders the brevity n flattened thorax, all the actual sub- stance of the upi)er surface being preseiit in moderately good ])reservation, and the large portion of a. left, elytron <»f which but a small portion of the substance remains. "The thorax although flattened bears evidence of having the disk moderately convex, the median line distinct, the transver.se basal impression rather deep and the lateral uiargiiis l)i(»ad. wider at base and retlexetl. The hind angles are obtuse and not jn-olonged. the l)a.se being moderately emar- ginate. The sides are moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed toward the base, the widest jjortion of the thorax l>eing slightly in front of the mid- dle. A species is thus indicated re.sembling viduns but smaller, not exceed- ing in size the average sj)e('iinens of andrewsii. " The elytra are tinely striat«-, the intervals moderately c(»nvex and apparently smooth, the stria- with moderate punctures not as closely placed as in any species on this side of the rontinent. The stri.c iire as numerous as in viduus or andrewsii. "Thorax.— Width, .24 inch, .G' : leiigtii, .16 inch : 4""". " Elytra (restored).— Width, .4S inch: 12"""'. Length, .6[. Wheatley, of PhdHi.willc, to whom \\i' arc indebted for the e.\j)h)ration of tlie locality in wliicli the Fossil insects were discovered." Horn, loc. cit. Includini!^- the stri;u next the margins of the elytra there appear to be fourteen in all ; the two outer ones are obscure and those upon the disk are Ht an average distance apart of 0.37")""" ; the stria; appear to be faintly punct- ured and the punctures as distant as the stria- ; the intervals between the striic arc broken by ii'regular impressed lines producing a tuberculate ap- pearance but otherwise smooth. The disk of the prothorax is considerably more „„.ti, ,,f fragment preserved, 12.75"™. Bone caves of Port Kenned)-, Pennsylvania. (Jychrus minok. V]. 1, Fig. -2. Cilthnin (minor I Horn, Tram*. AmtT. Eiit. .Soc, V, 243 (1870). " Two tragmentai\- elvtra of ^mailer size than the preceding [C wheatlevj] aftord tlie only groundwork for the name above suggested. The stria are line and witii fine punctures, the intervals feebly convex, evidemth- slightly rugulose, and probably, also sparsely punctulate An impressiiMi wf the scutelhun renuuiis which is broadly triangular, and not difierfiif in fonmi fmni tliat of audrewsii. "Khtra (restored). I.ength. M inch; i;3.,V""'. Width (actual), .15 "Tlio tnrm is therefore almost exacth- that of andrewsii." Horn, loc. cit. There is a sliglit bluisli c;ist to th" black chitinous parts of tiie elytra 538 TKRTIAKY 1NSE(^TS OF NORTH AAfERlOA. I iiave examined ; the punctures of the stria* are about as far apart as two- thirds the vvidtli of tlie interspaces ; tlie latter are 0.25""' wide and are barely convex, slightly rugulose, and so far as I can determine not at all punctulate ; the length of the fragment of one elytron is 10.5""", the width of the same elytron, 4.25""". Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. J. i|i I I' •^* DIPTERi^ Linnet. Baron R. von Osten Sacken and Mr. Edward Burgess have given me much assistance in perplexing points while studying the Diptera here recorded. DIFTERA CYOLORHi^PHA Brauer, Family LONCH^CID^C Loew. LONCH^A Falh'n. LONCH^EA SKNESCENS. PI. 3, Fig. 18. Lonchm leneseetii Scudd., Rep. Progr. Gcol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277-278 (1877). A portion of the body (excluding the head) too fragmentary to be of any v.alue and a pair of expanded wings faintly impressed on the stone com- pose the remains of the single individual of this species. The wings are rather slender, obovate and well rounded, with the neuration of Lonchsea vaginalis Fall., us given by Westwood in Walker's " Diptera Britannica," excepting that the basal cells do not appear to be quite so large in the fossil specios, and the fourth longitudinal vein is slightly more arched beyond the larger transverse vein ; the costal vein is bristly ; the wing appeal's to be hyE Fallen. LTTHORTAIJS Hcudder. LithorlaliH SruOd., Hop. I'rogr. Gcol. .Siirv. Can., 187.'.-1676, 27C-277 (1877). This ortalid 'an certainly not be referred to any of the American genera mentioned bv Loew. It is most closely allied to Ceroxvs, l)ut besides a different distribution of the spots the neuration of the wing varies so nnich from that of Ceroxys as to render it certain that it should l)e separated from it. The shape of the wing is much as in (Ceroxys, espcicially as in C camis Loew, to wiiich it is also most nearly allied in markings; the first longitnd- inal vein has bristles upon its end only, and even here they are few and small ; the fourth longitudinal vein is ciu'ved backward a little, and the pos- terior angle of the third basal cell is not at all produced . the third and foiu'th longitudinal veins diverge at their tips, while the second and third converge. In Ceroxys the auxiliary runs besitle the first longitudiinil vein DIPTERA— OllTALIDJi:. 541 for soMH' (li.stiinc(i hikI tlioii siuliluuly curveH, almost bends upwiinl. In liitliortalis tli<; .seiiiimfum U f^riuliiiil and not abrupt. In Coroxys the snuill tninHvorsse vein lies below or ontside the tip oC the first longitudinal vein; in fjithortalis it lies within it. In the pattern of the markings also it differs from Cero.xys in that there are no spots whatever before the larger trans- verse vein, excepting that the stigma, or the space lying between the auxil- iary and first longitudinal veins, is testaceous. LlTHORTAUS PICTA. IM. a, Figs. 10, IC. Lilkortalh piola Soudd., Uop. Progr. Oeol. Surv. Can.. 1875-1876, 277 (1877). The thorax, part of the abdomen, and both wings of the single specimen preserved show the upper surface of the body with expanded wings. The abdomen is without markings. The wings are very well preserved, the apex slightly angidated between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the costa nearly straight on its basal half, strongl}- convex beyond ; the stigma occupies the entire space between the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and is dark castaneous, deepi-'uing toward the costa to blackish fus- irous ; the costal vein is blackish fuscous ; the other veins are luteo-testa- ceous, deepening to blackish fuliginous next or in the spots ; the other spots are dark fuliginous, deepening toward the veins or the margin, and consist of a narrow belt following the larger transverse vein and of confluent spots at the tips of tluj sec(»nd, third, and fourth longitudinal veins, forming a nar- row marginal l)elt from just Ijelow the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein to half-way between the tips of the first and third longitudinal vein,s, broad- ening slightly at the extremities of the veins in rapidly narrowing shoots, which follow the veins a short distiuu-e. Length of thorax and fragment of al»domen, 3""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.2.')"""; breadth of abdomen, 1.5""": length of wing, 5"™ ; breadth of same, 1.75""". Quesnel, British Columbia. Otie specimen. No. 5 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). 542 TKUTIARY INSECTS OK NOltTU AMKUICJA. Family SCIOMYZIDyE Fallen. SCIOMYZA Falk^n. , ^ SCIOMYZA RKVKLATA. ri. ,5, VigH. .'{-«. Sciomii:n rriclala Sciuld., Kcp. Pro^r. UpoI. Siir* . Can., !e7ri-le7r., •,'75-','7t'. (Is77): |i<7fi-lH77, iM- 459(1878). Threo speoiiuons aro to ho roforred to tin's species. Althoujjli each of them is rather imperteet, the collocatioii of the t'nigmeiits eiiahles us to recon- struct all parts of the wiu'r. The head was ahout one-Ht"th the size oi* the thorax ; the thorax broadly vaulted, abruptly arched in front, somewhat depressed above; the winfja were a little more than twice as lon^jf as broad with the costal border ffoiitly arched, the apex slifjhtly nufynlated and the lower margin pretty rej^ularly convex, bent but rounded at the axillary angle; the membrane and the castaneoiis veins as well are covered not very profusely with delicate micro.scopic hairs, distributed with great regularity and about 0.(V2"'"' apart; the costal vein is setose throughout the npper margin, and extends to the fourth longitudinal vein, although it is but faint at the extreme tip or on the lower tlnrd of the space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the auxiliary vei;i is weak, i)ut distinctly separated from the lirst longitudinal vein from its very base, terminating at the middle of the l)asal half of the costa; the transverse shoulder vein is exactly transverse, very faint, and lies a little beyond the base of the basal cells; the first longitudinal v i'lu is bare save the pubescence, and a|)parently terminates just within the small transverse vein; the latter lies as far before as the large transverse vein lies beyond the middle of the wing and is mid- way between the basal cells and the large transverse vein ; the second and third longitudinal veins are nearly .straight, slightly sinuous and sub])arallel throughout, but at their tips diverge from each other; the third longitudinal vein is regularly though but .slightly arched beyond the small tran.sverse vein, and strikes the very apex of the wing: the fourth longitudinal vein is made up of three perfectly straight subecpial parts, slightly b(;Mt at the transverse veins: the larger transverse vein is straight, nearlv perpendic- ular to the costa; it is about half the length of the middle portion of the fourth longitudinal vein, and its lower extremity is nearer the margin of the wing ( following the course of tlw' fifth longitudinal vein) than its own DIPTKHA— S01OMYZID.1J. 64:} loajftli; tlio liftli louffitiulinal voiii is loHt just beforo reiiclung tho inurfjfin iind tho sixth juuh half-way to it; the socoiid and tliiid loiijfltudinal voiiiH separate jiiHt over tlie extremities of the hiiuiU biwal coIIh, and originate from a transvei-HO vein whicli unites the rtrat and fourth lonjifitudinal veins before the middle of the basal cells. Length of the wing, 4.5""" ; breadth, 2""". Quesnel, British Columbia. Three speirlmens, Nos. 2, 42, 43 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). SclOMYZA.' MANCA. PI. 4, Fig. "J; PI. 9, Fi«8. 1-ti, J5, 1(J, 18, '20, Zi, 24, 28, 2!>. .sVi(>«i//,-« ? manca Soudd,, Bull. V. 8. Oool. Geogr. Siirv. Ton-.. IV, 7r)fl-7.')8 (1H7H). This Hy, extremely abundant in tl.'e Green Kiver sh.des — in fact out- numbering all tho other Diptera together— is temporarily placed in this genus, because its characters seem to agree better with those of the faniily Sciomyzidiu than of any other ; yet it can not properly be placed in any of tiie genera known to me. I should be inclined to place it near Blepharop- tera in the Ilelomyzida^ but all the tibiae are bristled throughout. Its gen- eral appearance is that of the Ephydrinidjc, but the bristly surface of the middle tlbiie would allow us to plare it only in the Notiphilina, from which it is excluded by the want of pectinations on the upper side of the antennal bristle. The want of complete neuration prevents me from designating it at present by a new generic name, which it can hardly fail to recpiire as soon as that is known; only two or three of the three-score specimens before me have any important part of the wings, and this (;onstant frag- mentary condition of the fc^sils has suggested the specific name. The genus in which it would fall maybe partially characterized as follows: Body compact, stout; tiie head comparatively small, |)erhaj)s one-third the bulk of the thorax, about three-fourths its width, with large, naked eyes, the front between them nearly ecpial and pretty broad, oblicjuely sloped, and slightly tumid on a side view, so as to project considerably below : a few ci.rved bristles project from its summit. Anteinia- with the tlagelluui subgloboio. scarcely longer than broad, nnich larger than tl:e joints of the scape, and above bearing at its tip a curved, rather short, naked, tapering .style, scarcely longer than the flagellum proper jind l)luntly pointed : in several specimens in which this ]>art is pretty well preserved this i.s inva- r)44 TKUTIAUV INSKOTS Ol' NOUTIl A.MKHICA. riably itH chumcttM', iiiul no tcniiiiiiil tlirciul ciiii l)o xuon iti luiy of tliciii, nor any indimtion of joints in tlu* .stylf ;. this hrcvity of the styh' Hccins to ho iu'( I' nl lai'. As fi .f tl iv as 1 1 10 ncMinition nl tlio wnij; can lie made on t (tl K'lO nnist remain some doiiht upon tin's point nntil Itcttcr examples iire iliseov- ered) tlio ei>urHe of the auxiliary vein <"in not he delerniiiicd . the first h>nj;itndinal vein appears to eml hefore the inidille of the costal Ixinhr ; the Heeond ori;>'inateH abruptly front the niiddh of the first lons-veiii \vith the foiu'th longitudinal vein seareely within the extremity of the first lon;^i- tndinal vein; the fourth h»n<>;itiulinal vein ori^^inates from tlif filth or sixleli a little before the ori;^iu (tf the seeoml lonj^itudinal xciii, diveryvs rapidly from the third beyond this eonneetion, and is iirciiatr, enrviiiL;' upward afjain before reaehin;; the posterior border ,iiid nmnini; outward to tht- outer border: the fifth lou'ritmlinal vein (muxcs still more stronylv fr«»iu the fourth, until it reaehes the middle of tli. .osterior liordcr, to which it suddenly drops, and scarcely above which it is united \iitli the fourth lon^dtudinal vein by a Ion;;, oblitpu' cross-vein. 'The femora arc stout, tlu< front \)i\\v largest at the base; and taperiii;;, the othci' pairs sulie(pial throu;;hout, all arnu'd externally above and Itelow with a row of very deli- cate, nearly strai^^ht spines, the upper row perhaps waidiiiLi' on the middle femora, and the lower row developin;,^ into longer Miid stiO'cr bristles on the apical half of the fore feiufu-a. The tibia' arcc(|unl. a little Ioniser than the femora, lonsiderably slenderer but still rather >i(>ut, furnished alike with several straii^ht, lon^^itudinal rows of uiintite opines, and "U the outer side with three (U- four distant, moderately stout, ioUi^er spines (less prominent on the fore til»ia' than on the other le^s), and at the tip with a cluster or several similar spines or spurs. The tarsi are ver\ nuudi slenderer tiian the tibia-, hui^.'er than tlie\, the otiiei' joint- sIcMdcrcr than the met.itarsus, all profusclv armed with exceedin^ilv delicate spines or spinous hairs, arrau;.''ed iv;,'-ularly in ion^itudin.d rows ; at lip is a pair of very slender, ja'ettN' loll;;-, stron;jI\- <'i;i\ed daws, aufl apparentU a pretty lar;^*' pidsillus. The brevity of the antennal style, tin- len;,Mli of the tirst longitudinal vein of the winsr, the auDroximation of the middle transverse \(in to tl M'l 10 barie. the sfruiiL'' arcuatiuii of the fourth lon^qtudinai voin. tiie obliquity of DIITlillA— SCIOMYZIDvE. 545 tilt' postorior, lartf*', tnmsvciMo volii, niid ilH iijipr»»ach lu tlie poHtrrinr miir^iiii, tlic luistly imtiiro <»t flio 1o};h, mid tlio loii^^rli r this Hy peculiar iiinl its exact location soinowliat (liil)it' tlw wiii;f is sulliciuiilly well known tocnaldc ns ti- nnd rstautl more dctinitoly tlic cliarartor ot' tlu; hasul cells and oilier parts o| the liase ot the wiiiH-, tlic relation of the auxiliary to the lli'st lon;^ntii(Iiiial v(>in, and to map nnipiestionalily the whole course of the fourth lon^fitiidinal vein, we shall pioliahly ho iihle to arrive lit very pr ocise (!oiiclusions. In addition to the features above ineiitioiied, ii iiiiiv lie added that the thorax is sulxpuidrate, scarcely lon<,'er tliini broad, tiiriiished with distant, lon}f, curvinj^ liristles disposed in rows, but in no individual well onoUffh prest^'ved to j^ive further details of distribiitioii. Tlu! abdomen is iMimposed of fiv<* visibh*, sulieipial joints; its mass compact, scarcelv coiistrict({d at the base, re<;ul;nly and pretty stroiij^ly arched on a side view, taperinf^ rapidh- on the apical half to a bluntly rounded apex, the surface abun- dantly (dotlied with ratlw^- (hdicate spinous hairs, thos<« at the posterior edge of the segments loiiy<'r, and forming a regular transvernr* row. The motrt- tarsus of tlie middle leg is proportionally longer than in the others, where it is about half as long as the other joints combined Measurement of avera;;e individuals: !jen«'ili of bodv as curved, 4.2f)"""; of head, O.d.')""" ; of thorax, 1.7' •f alidomen, 2.2""" : lireadfli of head, 0.«') ; of thorax, 1 2.")""" ; of abdomen, 1.4'""' ; length of Hagellum of antenna-, O.K) '; of style, (».!!)"""; of wing, 3.4"'"'?; breadth of same, 1.2"""; leiijrtli of hmiora, 0.7.'')"'"'; of tibia', O.it.'i""" ; of fore tarsi, 0.8.")'""'; of middh^ tarsi, 1..')"""; of hind tarsi, l.G" of fore metatarsi. 0.4" middle metatarsi, 0.()4'"'"; of hind metatarsi, 0.4.S' ; breadth of femora. 0.2«" '; ot tibw, 0.12""": ot metatarsus, O.OS"""; „t tip ot tar.si, 0.0.5"""; length of claws, 0.0!)""" (Jreen Hiver, Wyoming. Numerous specimens, colh^-ted by ^Ir. F. 0. A. Richardson, Dr. A. S. Packard, I'rof L .\. Lee, Messrs. F. (_!. Mowditch, and S. II Scndder. Station 1() on the White Kiver in western Colorado (Dr. C. A. White) VOL XIII .'i5 .140 TKItTIAUY INHKCTS OK NM)IITII AMKUICA. ScioMYZAf 1UH.IK('TA. ( ■■ > I'l. », V\ii>*. 7, liL', 25, 30, .'»2, 33. Sriimntaf di4itrlit Hoiiilil.. Hull. V. S. Umil. Oi«i)(r. Hiirv. Torr., IV, 7:>H (1878). A Hucoiiil M|H)('i(>H, iippiirtMitly of tlio miiiK* jriMiiiH hh tho liiHt iiHtntidiKMl, Itiit siiiiillcr, is toiiixl ill coiisitlfniltlc iiuinlu>rs in tiio hiiiiio ( Iriutii Uivt'i' IumIm, altliuii;>-li ill fill' l«'ss tilMiiultiiicf tliiiii the liiHt. 'V\w wiiij^^H !1|)|h>iii' ft) !>(> propor- tioiiully sliiirtcr tliaii in the lust species, with a nitiier liniader spiu'e hetw^cii tin? veins in the upper half of the win;;, iiK^'eatinj; pttrhaps a hrotuler winj^. The le^fs are slemlerer, the disparity in tht; .stitiii'iess of tht* tihiiv and tarsi is not so jjreat, and tlut tarsi are i)ropt»rtioinilIy shorter; the le;.fs ant also as densely, tlioujfli less eoarsely, spined, and a similar dolicaey is ohservahlo in tlu^ hairiness of tho hody. All tho spoeiinons aro proHisrvod on a side viow, and like the last spocios aro in a fraf^ineiitary t-ondition. I4eii;,'th of l>ody of an avora^fo individual, 3.2"""; of hoad, (►.5.')'""' ; of thorax, 1.2""': of alxloinen. !.«"'"': of \vin;r, 2. 4"'"' f ; of hind fomorn, 1.2""" ; of hind tibia', 1.1"'"' ; of iniihllo and hind tarsi, I"'"'. (iroen iiivor, Wyoming. Numerous spocimons by tho mitnu uh tho last spocios. SciOMY'/A? sp. ri. 10, Vig. 6. Another speeies of Scioinyza, or perhaps of the same j^onus as tho last- mentioned speeies (for several of its features aro eertuinly ropoatod horo), seems to be repre.sentod by tho insect fi;^urod in PI. 10, Fig. 5, which itt of about the sizi* of 8. maiica, but is more dolicato. It is howovor so iinpor- fect as far as tho head and wings aro concornod that ono can not characitorizo it satisfactorily without bettor material. Green River, Wyoming. Ono spociinen, No, 18 (Dr. A. S. Packard). Ill UirTEHA— IIKLOMY/IM.K. Family HELOMYZID/E Westwood. HKTKUOMYZA Knilni. IIkTKK()MY/,A hknilih. I'l. ;i, VigH. I, L». Immiiia iirnlU» Hniiilil., Hop. Vrt>HT. (IimiI. Siirv, Can., IH7r>-IH7tl, 'J7:> '.1H77). mvo 647 III tliiH (^iiHo wo Inivo Ixit a tVii;riiioMt of otiu wiii}^, Imt omt whiith oxhibitH inoHt t)t' tliu |)(HMiliiii-iticH i)t' iiuiii'utii>ii, iiiid, ho tar ax it )(o(3H, vury wull pru- wrvt)(l. 'V\u) wiii;f is slijrlitly discMilorod, lint was apparently liyalino in lifo, i!ov«i"n(l ratlu!!' protuHoly with exiH'odinj^ly dolicato inici'oscopic liairH vvliic.li covor vuiiiH an wull as iiuMiiliraitu ; tliu voiiiH, oxcoptin^' tlio cti.stal, art) toHta- (HHius; tlio costal voin is hlackish fusctus (-ovofod with short bristles, and (txtciiids beyond the third lon'itudinal vein ; beyond, it divta'f^es sli;j;-htly and re;.fularly from it, and beyond the larj^e transverse vein aj^ain liecomcvs parallel to it; only the basal portions of the tifth and sixth longitudinal veins are present, and the extreme base of the winy is lost; but the basal cells are evidently small, and their extremities lie just beneath the union of the .secotul and third lonji-itiidinal veins; tiie \vin;iionts <»t' nioi'eratclN stout hairy le^s. The venation is obscure, and the species referred pntvisionally to Ileteroniyza until better specimens decide more certaiidy to which of the jii'roups of Muscida' it l>elonj>s. So far as it can Ik' di'terininec' the veii.ition is very similar to that of the pre- ce> ilie l)order of th" wing l)y a long obli(pie cross-vein, running at ri"ht angles to the fifth longitudinal vein. The extremity of the basal cells iipparently lies about half-way from the ba.se of the wing to the tip of the anxiliin*v"veiii. but this point is very obscun*. Length of wing, 1. (!.')' ; breadth of same, O.Ilo"""; length of thorax, O.T.'i""": breadtli of same. 0.."i.")""". Chagrin Valley, White Hiver. (.'oiorado. One specimen (W. Denton). Family ANTHOMYID^ Robineau-Desvoidy. ANTIlO.MYLV Meigen. .Vnthcmvia inanimat.v. I'l. .{. Fijr. 11). .tiitlioiHiiui iiiiniiiimlii Sciuld., Kr\i. I'roj;!'. (ii'ul. Siiiv. Can., I^.V187(5, 'J7:i-!J74 (1977). This species is pnstty well represented by a single individual and its reverse, showing the superior view of the insect with the wings (excepting DIPTEHA— ANTHOMYID.E. 549 the extreme biise), most of tlu' iiltdomeii, uiid piirts of tliu hoiid, tlionix, and le<>-s. The wiiiffH Mj-e rather narrow and rcpfularly rounded ; the bristl}' costal vein extends to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first longi- tudinal vein terminates before the middle of the eostal border, just above tlie small transverse vein ; the auxiliary vein is distinct throughout and remains in dose contiguity with the first longitudinal vein, curving first downward and then upward, and diverging from it only near the tip, and then but little, being separated from it at its tip by scarcely more than the thickness of the coital vein ; the transverse slioulder vein is slightly obli(pie; th(i third l(»ngitudinal veir strikes the tip of the wing, and the second divides the space between this and the costa, ruiming for the greater part of its length parallel to the latter, turrung slightly upward at the tip ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are pretty c.l'^ioiy approximated, aid parallel as far as the transverse vein in the n.iddlc o*' the wing; from this to the large transverse vein they diverge ge uly, and are agam parallel be\ond ; tlie small transverse vein is placed ; very little befoi'c the middle of the wing; the large tninsverse vein is straig. +, nearly perpendicular t.» the costa, its lower extremity distant from the njargi." by about half its own length, its upper extremity dividing, just before the middle, the i)art of the fourth longitudinal vein lying beyond the transverse vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein vanishes just before reaching the border; the two small basal cells are n ■ '"ly e(pial in size, in length al)out midway between the lengths of the two transverse veins. The wing is covered pretty abundantly, veins and nu'inbrano, with delicate microscopic hairs, and appears to be uniforndv hy.diue, though a little fuscous on the stone. The specimen appears to be a male, and the tegula' are distinctly marked, leaving n* doubt that it belong.-; to this group of .Muscida'. rrol)abIe length of body, (i""" ; length of wing, <).2"""; breadth of same, 2.2.5"""; length of hind til)ia, 1.45""". Quesnel, British Oolumbia. One specimen, Nos. 30 and o2 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, (ireological Survey of Canada). Antiiomyia bukgessi. ri. ;J, Fig. 34. Anthnmyia huriiesHi 8i;ii;n., Irf'.Vli^TIi, 'JTI-tiT;") (1877). The single specimen of this species .«iiows an upper view of the whole b.tdx in a somewhat fragmentarv coidition. The broad and rounded I » .■a..»»,.m»^ irrmfc- 550 THIJTIAIiY INSIUTS OK NORTH AMHRU'A. jiI)il(>nKMi iiulicatos that it is a feinalo. Tlie wings arc uiiifornilv faint t"nli<;inous, but i)n)l)al)ly hyaline in lite, covered with microscopic iiairs over both membrane and veins ; tiioy are short and broad and well rounded; the veins in the upper halt" of the wing are rather darker than those in the lower; the costal vein is bristly and extends to the tip of the fourth longi- tudinal vein ; the stout first longitudinal vein strikes the costal at the middle of the front margin; tiie auxiliary vein a|)pears to be confluent with the llrst longitudinal vein half-way from the base of the wing to the tip of the former; tiuMi, rapidly curving forward, diverges from it, and at its tip is as distant fr(»m the first longitudinal vein as the second longitiulinal is from the third above the short tratisverse vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly curved and a little obli(pie ami lies directly above the base (»f the small basal cells; the direction and relation of the longitudinal veins is the same as in A. inanimata, but the small transverse vein lies slightly beyond the middle of the wing, m) that the divergence (ir parallelism of the veins is more marked than there ; the larye transverse vein is bent slightlv inward in the middle, and its genen.l direction is aliont midway between perpen- dicular to the costa and parallel to the iiiighboring l)order; iis lower extremity is but half as far from the margin of the wing as its own length; its up|)('r divides, a little before the middle, the portion of the fourth longi- tudinal veil! whi''h lies beyond the small transverse vein, but instea\' Muscida'. The apical third of the hind til)ia is fur- nished abumlantly witii not verv long hairs, while the remainder of the tibia is bare. Length of Itodv, l.7.'>"""; length of wing, 1.7')"""; bn a'""'. Named for mv friend .Mr. Kdwaril Murgi-ss, wh >se (critical knowledge of l)i])tera, betort' he tiniii'd Ills attention exclusively lO naval architecture, was i(f the greatest scr\ ice til me. (^lU'sncl. Ihitish Culnnibia. ( die specimen. No. 2!) (Dr. G. M. Dawson, (•etilogical Sur\cy ur(",inada). DIPTBUA— MUSCID.i rounded, the anterior very broadly, while the posterior half tapers very reg- ularly. In one specimen, which is not so much shrunken, the body is fusiform, and about three and a half times longer than broad, the iioad and hinder extremity tapering in a nearly equal degree. In the emptied skins, as in tiie others, it may be seen that the normal form is a blunt, s(|uarely rounded head, behind which the body is nearly equal, and then tapers toward the tail. At tlie anterior extremity may be nearly always seen a j)ortion of the mandil)l(>s, consisting of a pair of very slender rods or y^??''-'^'°*'''qi ' gp'''-"«*' ^i ' g™ »« i» i '»*^ 91 Hi f ( I r'>> I I' 'i\M 552 Ti:i{TiAUY I^^s^:(^\s ok north amkuica. bliidca (•(iiivorffiii'j aiitfriorly ai'.d tcriiiiiiiitiiij,'' in two jittln^joiit roniuled lobes iittaclit'd to tiic iiiiicr I'dfrc of flio blades 'V\\v anterior spiracles are seen in a sinirje speciiiieu as a siiiiple, rounded, dark spot just outside tlie middle of either lateral half: the two lateral tracheal vessels Mia\- i)e seen in nearly all thi^ spoeiuieus, and (;sp('('ially at the hinder extreniitv, and frajj^nieiits of them are frecpu-ntlv scattered aliout on the stones ; they are very larjre. The intejj^ument is ^^enerally rather dark and more or less blotched, and covered profusely and almost iiniforndy with backward- directed hairs ; these are short, taperinj;-, and moderately stout, thoujih minute. Leiijjth of contracted bodies. 11.5""": breadth of same, (l.^o""" ; len<;'th of hollies not contracted, 17.")"'"'; breadth of same, .'i.?;')"'"' : lenjith of skins, 2')"""; breadth of same, 7.2.V""' : lenut differs from it in some essential features. When contracted the body does not taper re^>-ularlv from the middle of the front half to the tail, but till' whole hiuiler half is much slenderer than the front and toward the tip has iiearlv parallel sides, so that the body is tlask shaped and about twice as lon;r as broad. A similar, thon^rji not so ahrupt, chaniie of contour is seen in the skin. The structure of the mandibles and of the trachea' may be seen to be the same as in the pn'cedinj.'' species, lint t!ie inte^'^ument is naked, liein^- entirely destitute of any of the hairs wliich roughen the skin of M. a-ii\i} 1/ '.■• i hfe .^ TUPTEUA-MIIHOin.E. 553 ^^U8^A sp. PI. 5, Figs. 100, 108, Musea ap. Sciicld., Hull. II. S. (iiol. (icogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 757 (1877). A third species is represoiited by three or four contracted skins, which are too uuciiuracteristic to nnine, thoiig-h it may be seen that they are distinct from the others. As preserved tliey are almost bhick ; the skin is much wriidded and smooth ; the body pretty regularly and bluntly obovate, nearly twice as long as broad ; at the end of one, two colorless oval patches lie united, side by side, pressed against the extremity, and doubtless represent the head, and prove it to be different from the other species ; it is, however, impossible to say what its afHuities may bo Length of body, 8..")""" ; breadth, 4""". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton). MlJSCA IIYDROPICA. n. A, Figs. 72, i»L', {>,{, 107. Muica hi/dropica Scn,lil., Hull. 11. S. (Jool. (icogr. Siiiv. Terr., Ill, 757-7,^.8 (1877). A fourth species is represented by two bodies and a skin, which present an entii-ely different appearance from the preceding three species, but which may temporarily be given the same broad generic name. In this species the form, even wlien contracted, is far more elongated than in the others; the body is nearly - a very dark band, darkest on the dorsal surfa"e, while a faint pale transver.se line breaks the anterior '^.rtion into two ecpial \\i\' .-^ of rhe same width as the blackish band. 554 TERT1AR\ INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. ; LoHfjth of bod}', 2.'$""" : jjfroiitest hreadtli of same, 5°"" ; breiultli pos- tc^riorly, IV""' ; brojultli of skin, dJ)""" ; length of segments on same, 4""" ; length of mandible blades, .'5.5""". Chagrin Valley, White Hiver, Colorado. Three specimens (W. Denton). MUSCA VINCULATA. PI. 5, FiR. 77. MiiHon rinciilala Snirtd., Hull. U. S. Oeol. GcM-r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 7.'i8 (1877). There is still another specius allied to tht^ last mentioned whieh may bear the name here proposed. It is represented only by parts of emptied skins, all Iving on the same stone, and whieh differ from the preceding species in being al)s<>lntely devoid of any hairs and in having different and nnich fainter markings. The general color of the best ])re.served specimen is a pale brown, and the markings are acarcel-. darker transverse bands, narrowing on the sides, bnt occupying nearl}' the entire length of a s(>gment (h»rsallv, and broken into e(pial parts by two transverse rows of verv faint and minnte pale dot.s. Xo specimen is sufiicientlv perfect to show the shape or the length, bnt ihe shape appears to bo similar to that of .M. hydropica, and the insect much smaller than it, for the breadth is 4. .'»"'"', and the length of one segment, 2"'"' Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Uenton). MlTSCA spj). ri. .".. Figs. so. 81, !»!), KM). A wholly different form of larva is represented in PI. .">, Figs. SO, SI, and on one of the stones are fonnd the month parts of anothev, I'l. h, Figs. D'.l, 100, which are ipiitc ililVi-rent from those of Musea ascaridcs. Chagrin Valley, Wiiite Kiver, Colorado (W. Denton). Family TACHINID^ Loew. TACHIN'A Meigen. Taohina sp. Tachina Kp. Scndil., FliiU. T. S. (ii-nl. <;i-r.j.rr. Siirv. Terr., IV, T.'ifi (187f). To this IT' 'ins is referred provisionally a small bnt •♦out and densely hairy fly, with thick, slightly tapering abd(»men, broadly ronnded at the tip, 9 I fi DIPTKRA— OONOniKTi;. 555 long \viiig8 with heavily ciliutod costal iniir-in, th(* auxiliary vein torniinat- ing just beforo the middle, and the first longitudinal vein not very far before the tip ; the other veins of the wing can not be determined. The legs are pretty stout and densely haired. About the fly are sc^attered many arcuate, tapering, spinous hairs 0.<""" long, evidently the clothing of the thorax. Length of body, 4""" ; breadth of thorax, 1 .20""" ; length of wings, 4"'"'(?); of hind femora, ().«""" ; hind tibia-, 1.25"'"'; hind tarsi, 1.25""" (?). Green River, Wyoming. ( )Me specimen. No. 48'' (F. C. A. Richardson). Family PLATYPEZID/E Loew. OALLOMVIA Meigen. Callomyia TORPORATA. ri. !», Fiji. 11. A single specimen is preserved showing a dorsal view of the body but with no distinct appendages excepting one wing wliich is imperfectly figured on the plate. The thorax is l)roa(l oval, and the abdomen oval, as long as the head and thorax together, narrower than the thorax, tapering from in front of the middle l)ackward, and rounded at the tip. The wing is as long as the thorax and abrlomen together. The third longitudinal vein terminates at the tip of the wing, the first in tlie middle of the outer half of the wing, and the second midway l)etwee!i them; the basal cells are about one-third the length of the wing (indicated in the plate by the angle in the fifth longitudinal vein), and the oblicpie posterior transverse vein is situated at its upi)er extremity, ai)ouf midway between the middle l)asal cell and the apex of the wing. TIk^ exact length of the lower basal wll can not be defermined. Length of body, •$' ; of wing, 2.7""": l)rea(lth of same, 1.1""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 71 (Prof Leslie A. Lee). Family CONOPID.^ Leach. POLIOMYIA Scndd('r(;roA/(V, yur?a). PoUomiiia Sciuld., Hull, r, .■<. (i,.„l. (;,,„^rr, Smv. T,ir.. IV, 77,4-7-,-, (187H). This genus of Conopida', most nearly allied to Myopa, appears in the neuration of the wings to ii scml^ic closely some genera of .Svrpliida", espe- cially Xylota and Mile.sia, but it nitogi'tlier lacks flio .spurious longitudinal noo TKUTIAKY INSI-Xrrs OK NOHTH AMKHICA. voiii, ami tin* third, fourth, uikI fifth lotiiritiuliniil veins aro not tniitod lit their cxtroinities hy niiirffiiiul vcmus; iiuhuHl, they rim without swcrviiifjf and Hiiliparalh'l to one imothor to tlic inarjrin. In this respect the <,'eiiiis differs also from otiier (Jonopidje, as it (h»es also in th(! extreme hniji^tii of the tliird liasal eell, whieh is as hnig as in Syrpliida'. In these points of mdiration it woiihl seem to aj^ree lietter with tlie Pipiiiiciiliihe, wiiich family, however, is entirely composed of very small flies, so that it seems lietter with onr imperfeet knowletljje of the fossil to rofer it to th« Conopida". The hody resembles that of Syrphiis in general form The win^i's are as Vnv^ as the 1)1 )dv and slender, with very straii^ht veins; tlie aiixiliiirv and first to fourth loiilfitudinal veins are almo it perfeetiv strai<;ht, the third oriiiinatiiiir from th(> second lon^-'itndinal vein at some distance before the middle of the win;,''; the auxiliary vein terminates beyond the middle of the co.stal maif^nn; directly lieneatii its extremity is the small transverse vein, and about mid- way between tile latter and the margin the larj^e transverse vein uiiitinji^ the fourth and fiftii veins; the extremity of the second basal eell is farther from the base tliaii the oriy^in of the third lon<>itudinal vein, and the third basal cell reaches very acutely almost to the marjiin of the wiii<^. PoMOMVIA KKCTA. ! ■ ! « I'l. :>. Figs. I'.t, '21. Polhtni/iii rfctd Snidil., Pull. I'. S. ticnl, (i..,>j;r. Siiiv. Titi., IV, *.V>(1H7H); in Zittc!, lliilidli, il. riiliidiil., I, li, H(IT, Kij,'. HI"-.' (|Ha-,i. Tile sinjrle specimen refeialde to this species was obtained at the " Petrified l''isli Cut," and re|)reseiilH a (liifHal view of the insect with tin* wiii;:s partK overiappiiif>; on the back. It is the smaller fly retencil to in hi lla\drii"s Sun Pictures of b'ocky .Moniitaiii Scenery, pa^^e !is. The lieail is i)rokcn ; thi- thorax is stout, rounded ovate, and iilackish; the sciitelliiiii larjrc, semi lunar, and nearly twice as broad as Ion;:-, with l(iii}r black bristles alon<»' either lateral edffe and alonj.'- the sides of tlie thcia.v posteriorh. The wiii^s are lon^r and narrow; the auxiliary vein runs into the mai;,''in just iM-xiiiid the middle of the wiiiji'; the first lorif^itiidinal vein runs into the iiiar;.;in at about tw(»-thirds the - a careful sketch of tho neuration, which is very difficult to trace in certain places. (jlreen River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14600 (Ur. F. V. Hay den). Family SYRPHID^G Leaeh. MILESIA Latreillo. MflLKSIA yUAUKATA. I'l. !), Fit,', l^- Miknia iiiairala Scmld., Itiill. U. S. Guol. (}uo;{r. Siiii)-. Terr., IV, 7ri\i-7ri;i (1S7H) j Willist., Syn, N. A. Syrph, a8l, 'JKt (188(1). A specimen in a Am stiito of preservation, although not perfect, and with most of the uouration of the wing concealed under hard flakes of stono which can not b.- \vh )lly removed, was found by Dr. Ilaydeii at the "Pet- rified Fish Cut," (}reoM River. It Is the larger fly alluded to in Mr. Ilaydcn's Sun Pictures of Wocky Mountain Scenery, page IIS. The head and thorax are black, the liead large, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes large, globose, as broad as the summit of the head between them, the front very large, prominent, half as broad as the head, and half as long as broad. Thorax globose, a little longer than broad, larjrest in the middle. Win^s surpassing slighrly the abd'^men; the third longitudinal vein (U-iginates from the second in the middle of the wing, i* very gently arcuate (the convexity biickward) iu its outer lialf, and appi!4rs to terminate just above r > 558 TIOKTIAItY INSI'XITS OF NORTH AMKItlCA. tlu) tip of the wiii^; tli(> toiirth loiiiritudiiiiil vein is itnitml liv an oblifpiu (TOHs-vein to tlio tiiinl very iiciir the ori^'in of the latter, and the Hput'ioiiH loii^ritiidinal vein can not h** iiuuh* out, fnmi pixtr preservation, ; the niar- ;;inal vein between those two nppears tt» Itc vt^ry simple, the fourtli longi- tudinal vein beiulin;^ tiownward at its tip to meet it. The ahilonien is as Inoad as the thorax, fully as Ion;; iis tlu^ rest of the body, l)road ovate, ;aperin""" ; of thorax, (i""" ; of abdomen, G""" ; prol)al)le h.-ngth of wing, 14 5"""; length of hairs on abdo- men, 0.04"'"'; width of dark abdominal ban""". Dr. Williston thiidl.v;-;^(I^H(i). A poorly preserved speciuien, showing little that is characteristic, but which belongs near Kristalis or llclopliilus. The body is preserved on a dorsal aspect, with wings |)artially ex|)ande (1878). A species of this family, and in sizo .second only to tho Milosia from tho siunc b(Mls, is represented by reverse and obverse of a single specimen, which is too imperfecr for 3-7,'>4 (1878). This species is primarily founded on a single specimen which Mr. Howditch and I found in the shales at Green Uiver, and which preserves nearly all parts of the insect. There is also a specimen with its reverse which wo obtained at the same place, and another which Mr. Richardson sent me from these beds, agreeing with tho first-mentioned specimen, but a little larger. As only the bodies are preserved, they are temporarily placed ii IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 I.I 1.25 I^IM |2.5 |50 "^™ ■■■ ■^ 1^ 12.2 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 145*0 (716) 672-4503 ipp z ^o vV I . ' I 560 TEllTIAUY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. in Hm connection until otli<)r material is at hand, while the Hpecieu is described wholly from the more perfect individual. This has a body more nearly of the shape of an Orthoneura, the abdomen being broader and stouter than is usual in Chilosia, but the wings are much longer than in the species of Orthoneura I have seen, and both the shape of the wing and its neuration agree well with Chilosia. The head is round and moderately large, the thorax stout and rounded ovate, the scutellum large, Henii-lunar, twice as broad as long ; all these parts are dark brown. The wings are very long and narrow, extending much beyond the tip of the abdomeJi, the costal edge very straight until shortly before the tip, where it curves rapidly ; all the veins are very straight, especially those of ti»e upper half of the wing ; the auxiliary vein terminates in the middle of the costal border, the first longitudinal at the extremity of the straight part of the costa, beyond the middle of the outer half of the wing, the third at the tip of the wing, and tiie second midway between the first and third ; the third is united to the fourth by a .straight cro.ss-vein in the middle of the wing, directly beneath the tij) of the auxiliary vein, and about its own length, beyond the extremity of the long second l)asal cell ; the extremity of the third basal cell is very oblique and reaches the tip of the lower branch of the fifth longitudinal vein ; the marginal vein, uniting ti;e third and fourth veins, strikes the former just before the tij), while that uniting the fourth and fifth, toward which the fourth l)ends to receive it, is removed farther from the margin by about half the width of the first jjosterior cell. The legs are slender, scantily clothed witii short, fine hairs. The a?)domen is broad, oblong ovate, fully as broad as the thorax, broadly rounded at the apex, no longer than tiie rest (tf the body, of a light color, with darker incisures, and scantilv covered with delicate hairs ; it is composed of five segments, of whicii the second, third, and foin-th are of equal length, the first shorter and suddenly contracted, the apical minute. Length of body, 7"""; diameter of head, 1.3')"'"'; length of thorax, 2.'}""" ; breadth of same, 2'""' ; length of abdomen, iJ.fj'""' ; breadth of same, 2 2'""; length of wing, 6.4"""; breadth of same, 1.3"""; length of hind femora, 1.25' ; of hind tibia-, 1.2r)"""; of hind tarsi, 1.25""". Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4112, 4135 and 4141 (F. C. Bowditch and S. II. Scudder), 40 (F. C A. Kichardson). DIPTEEA— SrEPHID^. Chilosia? sp. 561 PL 9, Fig. 26. Another species resembling the last, but too large t) be referred to it and too imperfect to be sufficient for characterization, occurs in the same beds. It is pretty plainly one of the Syrphidae from its general appearance and from such remains of the neuration as are preserved. The abdomen is almost round, considerably surpassed by the wings, and consists of four visible segments, of which the second is conspicuous for its ornamenta- tion, the margins being dark and joined by a blackish mesial longitudinal stripe, next which, on either side, the surface is much paler than elsewhere. The length of the body is 7.1°"" ; the apparent length of the wings, 6.75""° ; the breadth of the abdomen, 3""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 17 (Dr. A. S. Packard). Chilosia sp. PI. 9, Fig. 8. Cheiloaia sp. Scudd., Ball. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Sarv. Terr., IV, 754 (1878). Two specimens of a smaller species of Syrphidae, preserving the bodies, agree so completely with C. ampla, excepting in their much smaller size, that they are referred to the same genus ; but as the wings are almost entirely lost the reference is made only to indicate the approximate place of the species, which need not be described until better material is at hand. The length of the body is 4.25°"°. Green River, Wyoimng. Two specimens, Nos. 4113, 4150 (^. H. Scudder). PSILOTA Meigen. PSILOTA TABIDOSA. PI. 9, Fig. 9. A headless body of a testaceous color with a nearly complete wing represents this species. Unfortunately it is not accurately drawn on the plate, the nearly invisible veins connecting the third and fourth longitud- inal veins at their tips and closing the discal cell being omitted and the cross-vein being placed much too near the base. In reality it should lie scarcely within the middle of the discal cell, and the fourth longitudinal VOL XIU 36 562 TEETIABY INSECTS OP NOBTH AMEBIOA. vein should curve, brace-like -^^^^ to meet it, while the third longitudinal vein, from which the cross-vein jjarta at a right angle, runs in a straight course, at» represented. The brace-like direction of the fourth longitudinal vein causes the discal cell to be of equal breadth in the distal half and about twice as broad as the proximal half, the whole cell being unusually long and narrow or fully five times as long as its greatest breadth. The first longitudinal vein reaches the margin nearer the tip of the second lon- gitudinal than the auxiliary vein. Length of headless body, 5""" ; of wing, 4°"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 59 (Prof Leslie A. Leo). Syrphid-k sp. PI. 10, Fig. 9. Another species of Syrphidte appears to be represented in PI. 10, Fig. 9, but it is too obscure for determination and is incompletely drawn on the plate. It is in any case a very small species. The basal colls appear to be long, extending nearly to the middle of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is certainly simple, and there are no intercalaries. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 98 (Prof L. A. Lee). DIFTERiS. ORTHORHA^PHi^ Brauer. BRACHYCERA Zetterstedt. Family DOLICHOPODIDyC Loew. DOLICHOPUS Latreillo. DoLicnoPUS sp. DoliohopuB ap. Scudd., Bull. U. 8. Oool. Qoogr. Siirv. Tnrr., IV, 706 (1878). A specimen and its reverse sire to be referred to this family by the structure of the abdomen and by the general aspect. The wings and head, however, are lacking. The tlior/x is globose, well arched, and, like the abdomen, of a light brown color, and ornamented with scattered, bristly, black hairs. The tip of the abdomen is recurved beneath. The length of the fragment is 3.65""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4124 and 4148 (S. H. Scudder). DIPTERA— ASILID^. 563 Family CYRTID^E Loew. ACROCERA Meigon. ACROCERA IIIRSUTA. PL 5, Fig. 5. Aorocera Kirtuta Soudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Googr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 75!> (1877). A single very fragmentary specimen appears to belong in the neigh- borhood of Acrocera, but is too imperfect to mention with any certainty. The size of the insect, the small head, robust and coarsely haired thorax, stout and abbreviated abdomen, indicate a form resembling that of Acro- cera, and the tibiae appear to bo destitute of spurs ; but the legs are not very slender and the neuration of the fragment of the wing does not agree well with Westwood's figure of A. globulus Panz. in Walker's Diptora Hri- tannica. There are, however, only a few longitudinal veins next the base, disconnected and faint, so that they afford very slight indication of the rcid character of the wings, and the transverse veins being obliterated nothing can be said of the basal cells. Thorax and abdomen of about cfpial size. Length of body, 4.5"""'; head, 0.6"""; height of same, 1.3""". Fossil Cafion, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). Family ASILID^ Leach. STENOCINCLIS Scudder {GTeyh?, HtyuXH). Stenocincli» Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gool. Geogr. Snrv. Tirr., IV, 7;')! (187H). This genus of Asilidaa is founded wholly upon characters drawn from the neuration of the wing, the only portion of the insect preserved. It falls into the group of Dasypogonina, in whicli the second longitudinal vein ter- minates on the margin apart from the first longitudinal vein, instead of uniting with it just before the margin. It is not very far removed from Dioctria, but differs from it and from all Asilida- I have examined in that the third longitudinal vein arises from the first before tlie middle of tlie wing, instead of from the second longitudinal vein after its emission from the first; the first longitudinal vein has therefore two inferior shoots, giving the wing a very peculiar aspect, and causing it to differ radically from all other Asilido! ; indeed, it would be hard to know where to look for a simi- lar feature among allied Diptera, unless it be in the anomalous group of 564 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Cyrtidac. The wing is very slender and all the cells unusually elongated, which also gives it a unique appearance. Stendcinclis akomala. PI. 9, Fig. 10. StenocincUt anomala Sondd., null. U. 8. Gool. Gcokt. Snrv. Terr., IV, 751-75-3 (1878). This species is represented by a single frngniont of a wing, which I found in tlie Green River sliales. Nearly nil the iieuration is preserved ; but the posterior nmrgiii is iib.sent and the length of the cells which border upon it can not be accurately determined. The insect was evidently small, with a long and slender wing. The auxiliary vein terminates slightly beyond the middle of the costal margin ; the first longitudinal vein runs up toward the margin where the auxiliary vein terminates, and follows along next the edge far toward the tip, us usual in this group ; the second longi- tudinal vein originates from tlie first a little way before the middle of the wing, and with an exceedingly gentle sinuous curve, turning upward apic- ally, terminates a little way beyond the first longitudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the first as far before the origin of the second longitudinal vein as the distr.nce apart of the tips of the first and second longitudinal veins, and, running at first parallel and almost as close to it as the first longitudinal vein to the apical half of the costal margin, but distinctly separate throughout, it diverges slightly from it in the middle of the wing and terminates at the lower part of tlie apex of the wing, curv- ing downward more strongly toward the margin ; at the middle of the divergent part of its course, which is very regular, it emits abruptly a supe- rior branch, which afterward curves outward and runs in a very slightly sinuous course to the margin, curving upward as it approaches it. The fourth longitudinal vein is seen to start from the root of the wing, and runs in a straight course until it reaches a point just below the origin of the sec- ond longitudinal vein, where it is connected with the vein below by the anterior basal transverse vein, and then bends a little downward, running nearly parallel to the third longitudinal vein, but contimiing in a straighter course terminates on the margin at nearly the same point ; these two veins are connected by the small transverse vein midway between the anterior basal transverse vein and the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein is connected by the posterior transverse vein DIPTERA— ASILID^. 565 (which in scarcely as long as the small transverse vein) with the upper apical branch of the fifth longitudinal vein just beyond its forking, or opposite the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein forks pre- viously to this, emitting a branch barely before the point where the ante- rior basal transverse vein strikes it, so that the branch almost appears to be a continuation of the transverse vein ; and previous to this it has a distinct angle, where another vein is thrown off at right angles, directly opposite the upper extremity of the anterior basal transverse vein, and beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein ; the b.asal half only of the sixth longi- tudinal vein can be seen, but its direction shows that it unites with the lowest branch of the fifth at its apex, as in Dasypogon. All the cells throughout the wing are exceedingly narrow. Length of wing, 6.75"" ; probable breadth, 1.6"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4143 (S. H. Scudder). Stemocinclis sp. PI. 10, Fig. 15. Certainly to this family, not improbably to this genus, and perhaps to the single species described above, belongs the body of a fly figured on PI. 10, Fig. 15. It is a male. The thorax is very stout, naked, and devoid of bristles. The femora stout, inflated, naked, and spineless ; the tibiae not one-third so stout, cylindrical, hairy, and apparently spinous, not so long as the femora ; the tarsi densely hairy and spinous, the claws stout, strongly curved. The thorax and abdomen, the former more distinctly, show a microscopic longitudinal wavy carding of the integument, which is also f'lintly seen on the naked femora. Length of body, 9.5""" ; of femora, 2"'"' ; breadth of latter, 0.7"". Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 45 (Prof. L. A. Lee). ASILID.£ sp. A fly, apparently of this family, but in too imperfect a state for any reasonable identification at present, was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson three miles up tlio North Fork of the Similkameen River, British Columbia, and numbered by him 67 and 68. rT 5(56 TEllTIAUY INSKIGTS OF NOBTn AMEBIOA. Family STRATIOMYIDyG Leach. LITIIOPHYSA gon. nov. {\Woi, qtvaa). This fjcnus, of tho section IJoridina, is peculiar for the plump, ovato abdomen, sonicwliiit as in Dipliysa, for havinjf no lower intercalary vein, for the distance at which tho lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein arises from the apex of tho discoldal cell and for the presence of six spines on tho mctanotum. The head is larj^o and nearly as broad as tho stout oval thorax, tho eyes occupyinjif above all but a narrow mesial belt about a fifth the width of tho head ; tho anteniia> apparently as in Xenoniorpha, short and taporinj^ refj^u- larly apically The nietanotun has six coarse, equidistant, and not very long spines, tho nuddle pair a little stonier than tho lateral. The auxiliary vein terminates a little beyond the middle of tho wing, and a littlo beyond, like tho first and second longitudinal, it curves upward rather strongly at tho extremity. The third longitudinal vein is forked. The basal cells are of equal length and half as long as the wing ; the discoidal cell about twice as long as broad, two branches it^^suingfrom the two outer angles and the third branch from tho lower border close to tho second basal cell. Abdomen regularly ovate, l)roader than the thorax, composed of six visible segments, besides, probably, a basal segment, which the preservation of the fossil does not permit to bo seen. LlTIIOPnYSA TUMULTA. PI. 9, Fifj. 31. This species is roprescniod by a single specimen which is tolerably well preserved. The thorax is darker than the head and abdomen, and the ob- scurity of the base of the latter leads to the presumption that it was pale in lifo ; the hinder edges of the abdominal segments are a little darker than tho rest of tho abdomen. The wings are clear excepting the fuliginous stigma which embraces the interspaces on either side of the second longi- tudinal vein from where it parts from the third vein to its tip. The discoidal (!ell is almost regularly pentagonal, and would be quite so were the lower branch of the fourth longitudinal vein to arise a short distance farther toward the base ; tho base is outward, and the outer, upper, and lower sides fire longer than tho inner; it is situated about midway between the costal and ■'- (■ DIPTERA— STBATIOMYIDiB. 567 lower margins of the wing, and the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, though closely approxinxate, are pretty distant from and parallel to the mar- gin through most of their course. Length of body, 5'"""; of wing, 4.5"""; breadth of thorax, l.S"""; of abdomen, 1.9"""; of wing, l.lb""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4 (Dr. A. S. Packard). ASARCOMYIA gen. nov. (a-, adp^, ftvia). This genus, also belonging to the section Ueridina, is distantly related to Chiromyza Wied. Head slightly narrower than the globular thorax. Abdomen long, composed of seven joints, with nearly parallel sides, broader than the thorax. Antennaj with short basal, long and equal second, joint. Legs long and very slender, the tibia; with a short row of spines near the tip, the apical ones no longer than the others. Wings witli the third longitudinal vein simple, the first longer than the second basal cell, the discoidal cell emit- ting three long and nearly straight veins to tlio border, all arising apically, a foiu'th vein arising from the second basal cell ; fifth and sixth longitudinal veins uniting close to the margin. The simple third longitudinal vein, the unequally long basal cells, and the fourth branch of the fourth longitudinal vein with its origin from the second basal cell apart from the others, are characteristics which do not seem to be combined in any other genus. T!ie discoidal cell is small, longitudinal, arched, situated a little above the middle of the wing. AsARCOMYIA CADAVER. PI. 9, Fig. 17. Whole body and wings of a nearly uniform testaceous color, the thorax, legs, and principal veins of the wings a little darker. Metanotum with two large approximated b£.8al bristles. The wings are tolerably broad, the cos- tal margin nearly straight most of the way to the tip, the auxiliary vein reaching to a little beyond the middle of the wing, the second longitudinal arising from the third a little sooner, or at about the middle, and ending after a gently sinuous course considerably less than midway from the tip of the auxiliary to the tip of the arcuate third longitudinal vein. First basal cell closed scarcely beyond the tip of the auxiliary, at the middle of the discoidal cell. (In the figure the cross-vein before this is an accidental mark tl t ■ ! i ! ! ill ' \ \ '. 1 ■ ^ i ^ i '■ V. AGS TERTIARY INHECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. on tlio Htono.) DiHcoidnl coll about three times as lonjj aa broad; second basal coll about half as long as the wing. Logs very slender, the tarsi longer than the tibia-, and the hind tibia) at least with an outer row of short 8j)ines on the apical third ; all the logs sparsely covered with not very long hairs. Abdomen very thinly clothed with distant, moderately long, slender hairs. Length of l)ody, 4.5"""; of wing, 3.5*""' ; of hind leg, 4.2"""; of hind tibia;, 1..T""'; of hind tarsi, l.C""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 12 (Dr. A. S. Packard). NEMATOCERA Latreille. Family TIPULID^E Leach. DICRANOMYIA Stephens. DlCRANOMYIA 8TI0M0SA. PI. 5, Figs. 16, 17, 25-27, 42, 43, OS, 69. DioraHomyia ttigmona Suudd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Ot)i>|{r. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 74G-748 (1877). The neuration and the presence of a stigma in a fine, nearly perfect specimen of this species indicate a form closely allied to D. pubipennis 0. S., but the absence of any pubescence at the tip of the wing at once dis- tinguishes it from the recent species. At first I supposed tliat it differed from other species of Dicranomyia in the absence of the auxiliary vein; but after careful study a faint trace of its apical portion was found in the same position relative to the origin of the second longitudinal vein as in I), pubi- pennis ; as there also, the iii-st longitudinal vein curves downward to, and terminates on, the second longitudinal vein, directly opposite the cross-vein uniting the discal cell with the third longitudinal vein, instead of on the costa; the subcostal cross-vein arises before the deflection of the first lon- gitudinal, runs parallel with it until it curves, when it turns in the opposite direction to the costa. The discal cell is closed, but the cross-vein separat- ing it from the second posterior coll is very faint, in which respect it agrees better with other Dicranomyiie than with D. pubipennis. The stigma is confined to that part of the space between the first and second longitudinal veins which lies beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein, but it also extends upward to the costa; it is nearly circular and faintly fuliginous. DIPTEBA-TIPDLIDiTJ. 569 An oblique supernumerary vein runs to the center of the atignia from a pouit in tlio first longitudinal vein directly above the origin of the third ; that is, from the inner edge of the stigma. The outer and posterior margins of the wing are profusely fringed with very delicate hairs, longer than the thickness of the stout costal vein. The antennae are fourtoen- jointed, about twice as long as the head, the basal joints of the ilagoUum subglobular, the others obovato, the apical one more than twice as long as broad; they are delicately verticilltfte, the hairs being but half as long as the width of the joints. The male anal lobes are broadly obovate, deeply and abruptly excised externally at the base, so as to leave a sharp right angle outwardly and a naiTow peduncle on the inner side. Together the lobes are broader than the tip of the abdomen, and each is about half as long again as broad. Le'igth of body, including the lobes, 6.6°""; antenna;, 1.2°""; wings, T.S"™ ; anal lobes of male, 0.55'"". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton.) A second specimen of what is apparently the same species, judging from the anal lobes, is somewliat stouter, but is destitute of all other append- ages, excepting indeterminate fragments of the rostrum, so that no further knowledge of the species can be gained from it. The rostrum, however, would seem to be scarcely longer than the head. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton ) In another specimen, also a male, the body, one of the wings, and part of the legs of one side are preserved; the whole is nuich ftiintor than in the other specimens, but the auxiliary vein can bo trsiced midway between the costal and first longitudinal veins throughout nearly its wliolo length. What is apparently the rostnim is a very little longer tlian tlie basal joint of the antenna) and a very little shorter than the head. Tlie character of the male appendages adds to the proof that tliis belongs to the same species as those previously mentioned, but the stigma of the wing is lost by the incompleteness of the preservation. Tlie legs are very slender and deli- cately hairy throughout, with no sign of spurs, although it should be remarked that the extremities of the tibia; are not well preserved. Length of middle femora, 5.25""' ; middle tibia;, 4.5"" ; hind femora, 5.75"" ; hind tibia;, 5.5"". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton.) 570 TKIITIARY INSECTS OV NOIlXn AMERKU. AnotJiur Hpociinoii in ii foinnle, with romnniitH of win^H, liaving iiioHt of tlio voiiiH Hcarcoly triicoablo ; onough of the ri^^ht vMiig ronininH to bo Hure tlint it iH thin HpocioH, with which the Hixo a^rooH. FoHHil Canon, White liiver, Utah (W. Donton.) Still another \s Hiniilarly proHorvod ; but on account of tlio partial folding of tho wing no Htigina can bo nooti, and tho tirHt longitudinal vein HconiH to nnito, or ahnoHt unite, with tho Hocond ho far from tho branching of tho latter that I wan at firHt inelinod to Hoparato it; but tho dilTcriMU')* provoH to be very Hlight. The antenna; of tluR spocinuin are pretty well preserved, but ho bent as not to allow of direct nioasurcmcnt ; tho Hize agrees well with other HpecinienH, altiiough it is slightly snuiller than the second specimen mentioned, which, however, is rather larger than tho average. The specimen is a female. Fossil Canon, White Hiver, Utah (W. Denton). A head presi^rved on tho same stone as the last specimen probably also belongs to this species. In the last specimen to bo mentioned wo have tho upper surface of an abdomen of a niale Dicranomyia, apparently of this species, twisted so as to present a Literal view of the tip, showing the structure of tho under surface of the aj)pendages. The under inner edge is evidently thickened, and a sliglit hook jirojects a little beyond the broad lobe; as tho lobe itself is pro- served in a different view from wh.at holds in the other specimens, and there- fore has a slightly different contour, the specimen is judged to belong to this species oidy from tho size of the abdomen and of its anal lobos. Chagrin Valley, White Uiver, Colorado (W. honton). Dicranomyia pkimitiva. PI. 5, FiRS. J?0, 21, 05-07. Dicranomyia primitita Sciidd., Hull. U. 8. Qnol. Oimjit. Surv. Terr., Ill, 74H(H77). Two specimens, a little smaller than D. stigmosa, but still more closely resemldiiig D. pnl)ipennis, together with a third, wliich is simply a body, to whicli is attached tlio costal outline; of a wing, and near which lies a leg, represent the female of this species. Tho two first mentioned are rather faintly i)reserved, but permit tho venation to bo traced with certainty, though with difficulty, and with one of them a portion of a detached (mid- dle or hind) leg may bo seen. The neuration of the wing diffijrs from that DIPTKUA— TIPlJIilDifJ. 671 of D. Hti|;mo8iv ill tlio Hhnpo of tlio wor croHH-voin HtrikoH it, ho tliiit tlio two ivro (tontimiouH iiiid prodiico no hronk of direction in tho fifth longitiidiniil voin. TIio auxiliary vein iH not proHorvod, and tlioro ix no ndvontitioiiH vuin in tho Htigniu, which othorwiHO Ih aH ill that Hpocioa. Tho wing itt not ho nlondur ah in I). Htigiiiosa. liongth of body, S.S™"' ; wing, 5.5-(;""" ; fciiiiir, [)"""; tibia, 6.75™'"; firnt two joints of tarsi, 3.5""". Tho inoaauroniontH of tho log aro doubtful. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.) Another poorly preserved spociinon which by tho structure of the nialo forceps is plainly to bo referred to this genus is judgeil merely from its size to belong to this species, none of tho characteristic parts of the neuration being preserved. The body is a very littlo smaller than in the females of this species, and tho male forceps are ovate and rather largo. Length of body without forceps, 4.6"'"' ; forceps, 0.36"'"' ; breadth of one of them, 0.2""'. On tho same stone with this is a leg which probably belonged to it, though some distance from it ; tho length of tho femur is 6"'"' ; tibia, 4.6'""' ; tho tarsi aro l)rokon. Samo locality. A single wingless male, taken by Mr. Richardson at Green River Wyoming, can bo referred doul>tfully to this species. About fifteen other ppeciniens of Tipulidn3 were collected by Mr. Richardson, Mr. IJowditch, and myscilf at Green River; but unfortunately not one of them presents the vestige of a wing and seldom anything more than the body. Probably some of them also belong to this species ; others may with more doubt bo referred to D. 8tigmo.sa but all are valueless for any precise determination, and, indeed, may not belong to Dicranomyia at all. Dicranomyia rostrata. PI. 5, Figs. 40, 41,63, 04. IHcranomyia rostrata Soiidd., Bull. U. 8. Oool. Ooogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 749 (1877). A single specimen larger than tho olhor species of Dicranomyia and about the size of Tipula decrepita Scudd. is provisionally referred to this genus. The head ia very small, the thorax rather robust and very strongly I I t I 572 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. arched, and the abdomen shows it to be a female. The antennal joints are fifteen in number, tiie basal one atout, the apical slender obovate, the others globular ; the palpi are four-jointed, the last three joints equal, and together as long as the first, the whole rather longer than tlie head, and therefore rather long for a Dicranomyia. The legs ai'e lacking, the single wing detached, broken at the base, and longitudinally folded. Such of the neura- tion as can be disentangled agrees wholly with the peculiarities of this genus. Length of fragment of body without head, 6""" ; breadth of head, O.S"""; lengtii of antenna", 2""" ; palpi, 0.9""". Fossil Gallon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.) A second specimen is referred to this species, but with some doubt, as it consists of only a trunkwith no appendages excepting the male forceps. The specimen is slightly smaller than the female, as we should expect, and the plates at the extremity of the body diffbr from those of the other fossil species described in being of a regular, short, obovate form. Length of body without forceps, 6.25""" : of forceps, 0.6°" ; width of same, 0.2«"'"'. Same locality. SPILADOMYIA Scudder {arnXd?, nvia). Spiladomyia Sciidd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. QeogT. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 749 (1877). This genus is founded upon a peculiar form of fly allied to Dicranomyia. The palpi are no longer than the head; i'le th.orax is comparatively slender, the legs very long and slender, and the wings s^haped mucli as in Dicra- nomyia, with a peculiar neuration. The auxiliary vein terminates some way beyond the middle of the co.stal border; the first Ijngitudinal vein terniinraes in the second, close to the tip of the wing; the second originates from the first beyond the middle of the wing, but some distance before the tip of the auxiliary vein; the third longitudinal vein originates from the second, near the middle of its course, beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein; a little di.stance beyond its origin, but much nearer the tip of the wing than usual, it is connected by a cro.ss-vein with the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first and .second posterior cells are therefore very short ; there is, then, but a single submarginal cell, three, or, if a very slight fork at the apex of the posterior in-iuich of the fourth longitudinal vein be counted, four posterior cells, and no discal cell. DIPTBRA— TIPULIDiB. 573 Spiiladomyia simplex. PI. 5, Fig. 37, 38. Spiladomyia simplex Soudil,, Bull. U. S. Qool. Quogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 750 (1877). A single specimen and its reverse show nearly all the parts of the body, but all are faintly preserved, so as to be very difficult of study. The specimen is a female ; nearly all the logs are preserved, and all but the base of the wings; the latter, however, trail along the abdonjen, so that parts are obscured and the neuration is exceedingly faint. The head is small, the eyes almost exactly circular, the palpi a little shorter than the head, the antennre composed of cylindrical joints, a little longer than broad, the legs slender, with femora, tibifc, and tarsi of nearly equal length, and the wings as long as the body. The anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein is abruptly bent at its base, so as nearly to connect with the cross-vein uniting it with the third longitudinal vein, and the first and second posterior cells are scarcely more than three times as long as broad. The third poste- rior cell is but very insignificant, as the posterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein forks but slightly and near its tip. The neuration of the lower part cf the wing is uncertain. Length of body, 7.5"""; palpi, 0.35"""; fore femora, 4.5"'"'; middle femora, 4.5"°'; hind femora, 4.5'"""; fore tibiai, 4.65"""'; middle tibifc, 4.5°""; hind tibia;, 4.5'""'; fore tarsi, 4'""'; middle (or hind) tarsi, 4.6""°. Measure- ments of tarsi uncertain. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton.) PRONOPHLEBIA Scudder {Trpcov, cpU^iov). Pronophlebia Soudd., Bull. U. S, Gool. Ooogr. Surv. Torr., Ill, 750 (1877). This genus differs from all Tipulid;e known to me in the early origin of the third longitudinal vein, which springs from the second almost imme- diately after its own separation from the first long,itudinal vein and some way before the tip of the auxiliary vein ; the second longitudinal vein arises near the middle of the wing and branches, the inner branch apparently forking near its tip. These characteristics readily servo to distinguish it from other Tipulidaj. The head is small, the antenna; long, very slender, and more than thirteen-jointed. They are too imperfect in the specimen studied to allow of any further statement. The palpi are not preserved, but )■ i 574 TEBTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. tho thorax id strongly arched and tlte neuration indicates that the genus belongs to tho TipiiliJaj brevi palpi, and with other signs that it is probably one of the Limnophilina, although the auxiliary cross-vein appears to be exactly opposite tho origin of tho second longitudinal vein. It is perhaps most nearly allied to Trichocera. Pkonophlebia rediviva. PI. 6, Fig. 39. I'roHophlebia rediviva Scudd., Hull. U. 8. Uuol. Qoogr. Surv. Turr., Ill, 7&0-751 (1877). The single spocimou of this species is spread at full length, but tho stono containing it is broken. The specimen is a male. The antenna) are considerably longer than tho iiead and thorax together, and the joints are shaped ;ind ornamentod as shown in the figure of Dolichopeza in Walker's Diptera IJritauuica. Tho head is small and the eyes so well preserved that they can be seen as in a living creature. The wings are very long and slender ; tlie auxiliary vein terminates some distance beyond the middle of the wing ; the first longitudinal vein about midway between that and the tip ; tho second longitudinal vein arises just within the middle of the wing, and the third longitudinal vein less than half tho distance from iljiit to the tip of tho auxiliary vein ; t!io .'^ocond longitudinal vein forks just beneath the tip of tlio auxiliary vein, its upper bninch bondu just beneath tho tip of tlio first longitudinal, and its lower branch appears to fork just beyond the middle of its course, (/ross-veins appear to divide tlio interspace between the second and tliird loiigitnlinal veins (tho second submarginal cell) into three equal parts, and there is certainly a cross-vein in the interspace between tho fourth and fifth longitudinal veins (the second basal cell) directly oppo- site tho origin of the third longitudinal vein. Lovjth of body, 9.25"""; aiitennju, 2.(V'"" ; wirtgs, 9.25""". White River, near the Colorado- Utali boundary (W. Denton). CYTTAROMYIA Scudder {nvrrapo?, ,ivta). Cytlaromyia Soiuld., Hull. U. 8. Oeol. Goonr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 7.11 (1H77). This genus of Tipulida' ditfors somewhat remarkably from any known to me. It appears to belong among the Tipulidic brevipalpi, tho first longi- tudinal vein terminating ii ;ho second much in the manner of Dicranomyia, with which, however, this genus seems to have little else in common. DIPTBBA— TIPULIDJS. 5Y5 Although tho first longitudinal vein terminates in this way, no trapezoidal cell is formed near its extremity after tho munner of tlie TipulidiK longipalpi, but this portio!! is quite as in Dicranoniyia. Tlie position of tho auxiliary vein is indeterminable from the fragment I have seen; but the "posterior intercalary vein" of Loow issues from the lower outer angle of the discal cell at a long distance from the great cross-vein, and in direct continuation of the fourth longitudinal vein. All these characteristics place it with the Tipulidse brevipalp* ; but the points wherein it differs from tliem, as indeed from all other Tipulida;, are not a little extraordinary. Apparently it has certain relations wit'.i the Amalopina, and has some resemblance to Symplocta, but it may be questioned whether it should not form a section by itself in the neighborhood of the Ptychopterina. The first longitudinal vein terminates in the upper branch of tho second at no great distance from the tip of the wing ; at tlie same point it is con- nected with the costa by an oblique cross-vein running in continuity with its terminal portion. There are three submarginal cells and a secondary discal cell. The large number of submarginal cells is due to the forking of the posterior branch of tlio second longitudinal vein, ju.st as two submarginal cells are formed in Anisoniera by tho forking of tho anterior branch of the same vein. The secondary discal cell is formed by tho division of the third submarginal cell by a cross-vein, which unites with the elbow of the basal portion of the lower branchlet of the fork of the second submarginal vein, and leaves two cells beyond the supplementary discal cell, just as thei'o are two cells (the first and second posterior) beyond the true discal cell ; the latter lies directly below the secondary discal cell, but is twice as largo as it. This is an anomaly quite unicjue, so far as I am awaro, among the Tipulidae. CyTTAROMYIA FENE8TKATA. PI. 5, Fig. 78. Cyttaromyiafenestrata Soadd., Bull. U. 8. Gool. Ocogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 751-753 (1877). This species is represented by the portion of a wing and its reverse, containing a little more than the distal portion with nearly all tho important part of tho neuration. The striking peculiarities of this have been pointed out in the description of the genus ; but a few minor points, probably of specific value, may bo added. The second longitudinal vein originates far 576 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. back toward (perhaps before) the middle of the wing, and half-way to the tip forks abruptly, the anterior branch immediately arching over and running to a point just above the extreme tip of the wing ; the space between this portion of its course and the first vein is, infuscated, forming a stigma; the posterior branch forks half-way toward the tip, the upper branchlet being in almost direct continuity with the main branch, while the lower diverges suddenly from it and unites with the cross-vein from the third longitudinal vein, after which it runs parallel to the other branchlet ; the third longitud- inal vein springs from the posterior branch of the second directly after its origin. The first and occond jjosterior cells are of the same length as the lower two submarginal cells, and the discal cell is of a similar length. The lower part of the wing is confused from folding, but there is a cross-vein uniting the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins next the inner extremity of the discal cell ; the discal cell extends farther by its own width toward the base of the wing than the secondary discal cell, and there is a slight appear- ance on the stone, as if the middle of the cross-vein forming the inner limit of the discal cell were united by a cross-vein to the second longitudinal vein shortly before it branches, thus forming a prediscal cell of irregular shape and about as long vs broad. Length of fragment, 5.5""" ; width of middle of wing, 2°"°. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. (W. Denton.) TIPULA Linnd. TiPULA DECREPITA. PI. 5, Figs. 5(), 57. Tipula det-reinta .Scuild., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 75a (1877). A single specimen, poorly preserved, is to be referred to the genus Tipula (s. str.). The head is small, the antennal joints very slender, obo- vate, between two and three times as long as broad, the thorax well arched, and the abdomen indicating a female ; the legs are lacking ; both the wings are present, but poorly preserved, and one of them imperfect; even the perfect one is badly folded longitudinally, but the costal border is nearly nniiijnred, and indicates the generic aflinities, from the peculiar nature of the venation toward the apex; instead of forming toward the termination of the first longitudinal vein a lar^^e stigma-like cell, the second longitudinal vein aj)pears to form, with a slight vein springing from below, a long and f I DIPTEliA— TlPULIDiB. 577 exceedingly slender cell, above and outside of which the wing is slightly clouded. Length of body without head, 6""' ; diameter of head, 0.6""" ; length of wings, 8.5""". White River. (W. Denton.) TiPULA TECTA. n. 5, Figs. 40, 47. Tipula teela Scnd.l., Bull. U. S. Geol. Googr. Snrv. Torr., Ill, TSa-Wa (1877). A single specimen preserved on a dorsal aspect is of a larger size than the other Tipulidce from this locality ; its precise relationship can not be determined until other specimens are discovered, as it has no head nor logs, except ^i very slender fragment of a tibia; and tl»e wings, being lon- gitudinally folded and partially concealed by the body, along which they lie, show only tliat the neuration is not discordant with that of the crane- flies, witlj wiiich its other features agree. The specimen is a female, with a slight, not greatly arched, thorax, and full and plump, though still slender, abdomen nearly as broad in the middle as the thorax. Length of thorax, l.4™» ; breadth of same, 1.25™"' ; length of abdomen, 4.75™"'; breadth of same, Llo"""'; length of wings, T"" Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton). Tipula spoliata. PI. 10, Fig. 4. Fragments of wings only are preserved in two of the specimens referred iiere ; but a third, in which tlie wings uniform in tint with dusky veins are thrown up parallel to each other in front of the head, shows also the body and part of the antennae, vvhicli are equal and sparsely covered with very short hairs. There is no trace of a stigma on any of the wings, and the cell at the place of the stigma is subfusiform in shape and nearly six times as long as broad, the third longitudinal vein arising only a little before the end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is rather less than half as long again as broad, its lower inner angle is scarcely more than a right angle, and the fifth longitudinal vein is bent at a considerable angle at the VOL xiii 37 s- ■Hi! 1 I 578 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. great cross-vein, so that its apical portion and the sixth longitudinal vein converge rapidly. The tip of the wing is decidedly below the middle. Length of body, 12.75"""; of wing, 14.5"""; breadth of same, 3.5™". Green River, Wyoming, Three specimens, Nos. 15 and 74, 42, 43 and 44 (Dr. A. S. Packard). TiPULA SEPULCHRI. PI. 10, Fig. 1. A single specimen is ])reserved, showing a nearly complete wing (imperfect at the base), parts of the body, with the head and palpi and parts of the antenna;. The anteniuv are similar to those of T. spoliata, and the palpi of similar form and clothing but slenderer. The wing is slightly larger than in T. spoliata, with a distinct subtriangular stigma, but with no other marking about the dusky veins. The stigmatal cell has its lower bordering vein bent some way beyond the middle, and the cell is long and slender, fully eight times longer than broad, the third longitudinal vein arising from the tiecond much earlier than in T. spoliata, considerably before tiie lower end of the great cross-vein. The discal cell is about half as long again as broad, its lower inner angle much more than a right angle; the fifth longitudinal vein is scarcely bent where it strikes the great cross- vein, and its apical portion therefore scarcely converges with the sixth lon- gitudinal vein. The tip of the wing is oidy a little below the middle of the wing. Length of wing, 15"'"'; breadth, 3.75""". Green River, Wyoming. (Jne s{)ecimen, No. i) (Dr. A. S. Packard). Family CHlRONOMIDyE ^A/'estwood. CHIRONOMUS Meigeu. Chironomus septus. PI. 10, Fig. 8. A single specimen in which the wings are imperfectly preserved, being obscured l>y the abdomen, over which they are folded The antenuiu are hidden. The body is preserved on a partially lateral view and has an S-shaped form, the head being closely appressed to the lower front of the thorax, which is elevated behind the middle, and the abdomen curved DI PTEB A— OH I KONOM ID^. 579 upward, its tip rather indicating tiie specimon to be a male. The leg» are well preserved, and the wings so far as their venation can bo made out indicate a Chirononma. One antenna is preserved and is very slender indeed, about a third or a quarter the width of the front tibia and about as long as the eye; it is not shown on the plate and is obscure from its crossing the front tibia; its basal joint is rounded ovate, twice as stout as the stem, which is equal, with a blunt tip; no hairs can be detected except some exces- sively delicate ones close to the base, the only portion excepting the tip which is not obscured by the tibia; all the joints of the stem appear to be cylin- drical and in no way moniliform. The legs are of nearly equal length. Tho tibiic are slightly longer than the femora and of the length of the thorax; the first joint of the tarsi is less than half as long as the tibia, aud tho remainder of the tarsus a little more than half as long again as the first joint. The femora and tibire are sparsely clothed with very short delicate hairs, and tlie tibise and tarsi, and especially the latter, have in addition a few inferior rows of distant short delicate spines, a pair of which, aa short as the others, are apical in the tibia?, and perhaps aluo in the tarsal joints. Tho whole body is uniformly testaceous, slightly infuscated by the sparse clothing of short fine hairs. Length of body, 3"'™; of thorax, 1.2"""; of legs, about 3.5""". Green River, Wyoming One specimen, No. 10 (Dr. A. S. Packard), ClIIRONOMUS DKPLETUS. PI. 5, Fit,'. 62. ChironomiD deplefua .Scudtl., Hull. U. 8. Geol. Oaogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 744 (1877). A single mutilated specimen of this insect remains, and is doubtfully referred to Chironomus. Tiie thorax is moderately robust and the abdo- men rather plump for a Chironomus. The antennie are broken, and only the costal border of one of the fore wings can be seen ; this shows that the second longitudinal vein terminates in the middle of the apical, and the first longitudinal apparently in the middle of <;lie basal, half of the wing. Tho legs are moderately long, slender, the tibia; finely spined, the spines arranged on the middle legs in a somewhat verticillate manner, and termi- nating with two or three long spurs ; the femora are rather short, the tibia) considerably longer, but not so long as the to.si. M 580 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of body, 3""" ; of wing, 2.3""" ; of fore femoni, 0.68""" ; of fore tibiii!, O-e"" ; of foro tarsi, 1"""' ; of middle tibioj, 1"'"' ; of middle tarsi, I .)r,iuni Cha'frin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). Chikonomuh patkns. PI. 5, FiKH. 1«, 1«, 28. Ckironomut paleni 8cu. H. Ovol. Uoi>)(r. Hiiiv. Turr., Ill, 744-74.'i (1877). A single sfjecinien, very well pre.sorvod, represents a species which is provisionally referred to Oliironounis. Nearly all the parts are jiresent, and the nenration of one of the wings is nearly pert'et't, showing the stmcture of (^'hirononiidii', but differing apparently from any genus yet characterized. Tlut antenna' are parted and bent, but apparently perfect ; they .seem to be Hfteen-jointed, the joints square, the apical no larger than the others, and all apparently furnished (as indicated at one jtoint only) with a fringe of profuse, exceedingly delica)e hairs, as long as tho joints. The body is slen- der and the wings three times as long as l)road ; the costal vein runs oidy to the tip of the wing, and the margin beyond it is very faint ; the first lon- gitudinal vein runs uninterruptedly to the middle of the apical fourth of the wing ; the second l. Scndd., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Oeogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 740 (1878). A minute specimen apparently of tliis family. Unfortunately it has no wings, and little can be said of it more than to record its occurrence ; it is S™" long, has large eyes, a stout thorax, and altogether resembles a Chi- ronomus; it is however di'-'nct from any found in the White River shales. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 141 (F. C. A Richardson). Chikonomiu^ sp. PI. 5, FigH. 32, 33. An indeterminate species of this family, whose generic affinities can not be discovered from the entire absence of neuration in the wings and the loss of every other characteristic feature, presents a side view of the body with fragments of legs. The insect is minute, measuring but 2.1b""" long. It may possibly belong to the Cecidomyidre. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton) . CHIKONOMIDiE sp. PI. 5, Fig. 24. Another similar specimen, but distinct from the above, exhibits a dor- sal aspect, and little besides the trunk is left. The thorax is comparatively stout, the head nearly as broad as the thorax, and the abdomen very slender and equal. The body is 3.2.')"'"' long. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado (W. Denton). CHIKONOMIDili: sp. A third indeterminate species probably belongs to this group, but the specimen is too indistinct to be of much value. It is a female. The an- tennae are a little longer than the head, the head a little narrower than the abdomen, the latter tapering to a point. The costa of one wing is present and the rather short and moderately stout legs of the opposite side. Length of body, 1.8"""; of middle femur 0.8""" ; of same tibiaj, CS™". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah (W. Denton). 582 TEkTIAKY 1N8E0T8 OK NOUTH AMERICA. Family CULICID^ Stephens. CULEX Linnt<. GULKX DAMNATOKHM. ri. 10, Fig. 14 9. None of the specimens referred liore hIjow niucli of the neiirntion of the wings excepting- purts of h)ngitu(linal veins, but the other charftctor- istics are tinniistnknblo. 1 lie eyes are surrounded by a fringe of curved hishes JiH long as the width of ihe eye. The antennae (all the Mpcciniens are females) are fully as long as the thorax, slender, tapering, the joints almost ihroe times as l<»r\g as broad, cylindrical, clothed sj)ar8ely with ex- cessively short hairs, and showing signs here and there of a thin whorl of fiiu^ hairs at the base of the joints a little longer than the joints themselves. Palpi about as long as the head, more than twice as stout as the basal j)or- tion of the antenna% the last joint almost obpyriform, l)luntly terminated, about three times as long as broad, and briefly hairy. Proboscis as stovit as the ])alpi, stouter than the fore tibia*, nearly or quite as long as the thorax. Legs long and slender, clothed sparsely with fine short spinous hairs, and the til)ia' with inferior rows of more distant, longer, but still brief spines, and the first joint of the tarsi with inferior rows of sluu-t, close set spines. Hind tarsi nearly as long as the abdomen. Length of body, C""" ; of thorax, l.H""" ; of antennae, 2""" ; of proboscis, 1.9"'": of fore legs beyond coxa\ A.G""" ; of fore femora, 1.6"'"'; fore tibia?, l.H"""; fore tarsi, 2.2"'"'; hind femora, 21}"""; hind tibiae 2"""; hind tarsi (broken just .short of extremity), ',)""". Measurements from specimen figured. Green Hiver, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. Ifi, 38, 39 (Dr. A. S. Packard). CiJLKx I'ROAvrriJs. ri. 5, FiKS. H, 9. Culex proarHu> Sciiild.. Hull. V. S. (l«i>l. Ocnur. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 744 (IH77). A poorly preserved specimen in which only fragments of the legs can be seen, and the wings are .so crumpled and folded a.s to prevent tracing the neuration. Whai can be seen resemldes the neuration of the Culicida', and the veins and borders are heavily fringed with long hairs. 'V\ni body is DIPTBRA— BIBIONID.E. 583 Hiendor and tlio itinoct miimto ; tho probnsciH is about an lon^ nn the hoad and tliorax conihinod, and tho hiHt joint of tho equally long palpi m ciinoato, the haHo rounded. Length of body, 2.2""" ; of proboscis, 0.9""". Foasil Canon, White River, Utah (VV. Denton). CORETIIKA Moigen. COHKTHKA EXITA. PI. 5, FiRS. 2a, 23. Coreihra etita Snudd., Hull. IT. S. Ueol. Ocotfr. Siirv. Tflrr., Ill, 744 (1877). A specimen, viewed from above, witli expanded wings, and destitute of legs, palpi, and all but tho basal joints of the antennae. The broad head, stout basal joint of antenniv, general form and size, with such of the neura- tion of one wing as can bo determined, indicate the genus ; seven of the abdominal segments are very clearly marked, and the specimen appears to be a male. The body is slender; the head, thorax, and abdon'en of equal width ; the wings slender and of about equal length with tho body. The fourth longitudinal vein runs in a nearly straight line over tho basal half of its course, but is gently arched beyond ; tho fifth originates from tho fourth in the middle of its straight portion, runs nearly parallel with it so long as it continues straight, and afterward diverges considerably; the first longitudinal vein appears to run to the tip of tho wing. Length of body, 4.25™'" ; of wing, 4.2.'>'"" ; breadth of latter, 0.8™"*. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). Family BIBlONIDvE Westwood. PLECIA Wiedemann. Plecia similkameena. PI. 3, Figs. 20-22. Penthetria iiimilkameena Soudd., Roi.. Progr. Oool. Siirv. Can., lS77-t878, 177-179B (1879). Pleeia limilkameetta Sciidd., Zittel, Handb. d. Paliuont., I, ii, Hll, Fig. 1086 (1885). Five specimens, three of them with their reverses, represent very fairly a species of Plecia, one of thorn certainly a male, and remarkably perfect. The body of this male is of nearly equal size throughout, scarcely thickened 584 TKllTIAUY INHKOTS OF NORTH AMKHICA. at tlio thorax. Tlio inal(» atitiMiiiai ooiiHiHt of t(Mi jointM, and tlioy ar« moiiil- iforin, vory ^fuiitly and Hli(|nal I(>n;rth (tho iniddlu pair piM'hapH a little HJinrtcr than flic otluirn), rtlif^htly thickened, especially on the apical half All tint tibia? ar(» Vi'vy lonjf, nlender, e(pial, c(»V' ri d l»elo\v with a dense cl(»thin fourth and fifth), and the last is armed with a delicate pair of di verj^ent claws. The whole body and the appen vein tlian the origin of the fork of the vein aI)ove ; the branches part widely at ba.se, the upper more arcuate than the lower; the fifth longitudinal ''cin forks as far from the base of the wing as the divererencio of the .second and third longitudinal 'Tim MfXKHiu tliiN Ki^iiiiH ilillVr in tiriintKiti, and, nH tlin xviii^ attaclii'il to tint lioily ortliii iiiiilit huiiio litn^th iih tim uiiiliilo tmiiH- vormt voin, ami Vwh iih fur within an tliiit without the nii(Mh» of tlie winjf. In iioiH) of thu Hpt>(Min(>iiM (owiii^r to iiiipctl'oct primcrvatioii; can the Hixth hingitiiilitinl V(*iii lio tnicctl iK-yoiul the huHiil tranHV(>rm> vjmii. l-<'ii;rtli of hody, 11"""; lirciidtli of thorax, 1.7r» '; of ah(h)incii, 1.1""'"; loiiffth of fomom: fon» 3.f>"'"', middh- ;J.5 (f) '"", hind M.rr"'; of tihia-: foro a.firi""", nii(hlh» :\:2rt""", hind 4"'"' ; of tarni : foro 3 , inichllo 2.75"'"', lund 3.ri"""; of firxt joint of taisi; fort* \A""", niichllo 1"'"', hind l.f)'""'; htnffth of winf;;, 10"""; hrcadth of Manm, H.h""". All tho UKtaHnnMnnntH are taken from the nude. Sinnlkanioen River, Hritish Ccdnnihia. Five HpeeinienH, Nob. Y6, 79- 8.'{ (Dr. (i. M. DawHon, Oeolojrieal Survey of Canada). Plkcia pkalki. PI. 4, FlRH. 2,.'«, 10,11,13. 'I'luH HpecieH differs from I*, similkatncena mainly in a single point, the earlier forkinjf of the fourth longitudinal vein, the stalk of which in as short as or shorter than the middle transverse vein, while in the Hritish Columbia speeies it is a])out twice as long. The superior fork of the third longitud- inal vein is also a trifle shorter, although it does not appear to arise any earlier. The cross-vein muting the fourth longitudinal vein with the branch of the fifth (next its base) is not shown in the Hgiu'es, and the neuration is imperfect in Figs. 2 and 3 at several points. The species is of the same size as 1'. simiikameena, 1)ut a couple of specimen.s, thought at first to l)e distinct from apparent differences in their obscure neuration, but which turned otit to be identical on closer inspection, are somewhat smaller than the average. Tlu* species nuist have beeji exceedingly conunon in the beds at Twin Creek, Wyoming, for out of more than fifty specimens of fossil insects (d)tained for mo l)y the brothers Hell at their coal bed all but one or two belong to this species. They are preserved in a whitish fetid shale. They are mostly in a very poor state of preservsvtion, the best of them being shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 11, the l-ust showing the average size. Much better specimens, however, were obtained by Dr. A. C. Peale in October, 1877, in beds on the same creek, about thirty-five to forty miles northeast of Ramlolph, on a darker shale, where the specimens were equally abundant 586 TEUTIARY INSECTS OF l^ORTH AMERICA. and excellently preserved, as see Figs. 10 and 12. Dr. Peale brought home nine slabs, numbered 1 to G, containing ten specimens, with reverses of four of them. Three or four good specimens were also sent me from Twin Creek by Prof. J. S. Newberry, and were then taken for the preceding 8j)ecie8.. Nam"'"' ; of wings, Qmni Green Itiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 2. (Dr. A. S. Packard) MYCETOPIIILA Meigen. Mycetoi'iiila occultata. i I PI. .'}, Figs. 44, 45, 54, 5.5. Mywtophila oociiUaia Scudd., Bull. IJ. S. Oeol. Oeogr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, "KJ (1877). A single poorly preserved specimen and its reverse present an upper view of the in.sect, with the wings folded over the back, the legs crowded together, and the anteniuv lying beside the body. The antennie are about as long as the head and tlionix, the joints scarcely longer than broad, nearly cylindrical, scarcely at all moniliform. The legs are comparatively slender, hairy, and unarmed, not very long. The character of the venation shows the insect t, 7. Onorisledentoni Houdd., Hull. 'I. S. (ieiil. (Joogr. Siirv. Torr., Ill, 7r>,'( (1877). A single specimen, a little broken, but otherwise in gd preservation. The head and thorax are nearly black, the abdomen dark fusco-castaneous. I^egs and base of antenna* fuscous. Wings iiitlier narrower at tip than in [lie European G. apicalis llotfni., hyaline, covered with inicro.scopic hairs, with a very slight and increasing infuscatioii toward the apex, the veins testaceous, the co.st^d and second and third longitudinal veins much heavier than the others, ami the fifth loiigitudinal vein with its lower fork scarcely heavier than the veins abcmt it. Tiie extreme tip of both wings is broken, so that the extent of the costal vein can not be seen ; but, in the approach of the proximal end of tlie fork of the fifth longitudinal vein to the root of the wing, the species agrees with the American G. megarhina O. S. more than with the Kun»pean species mentioned, for it lies scarcely farther from the base tlian the transver.se vein connecting the first ami second longitudinal veins, and slightly nearer than the sc|»aration of the third and fourtli longi- tiulinal veins ( )nly the ba.sal four joints of the antenme are preserved; the basal joint is obconic, broadly nMinded at the apex, nearly twice as long as broad, the other three cylindrical, the .seccmd nearly half as long again as broad, the thinl and fourth less tlian a third longer than broad. The legs are profusely covered with liairs, but the hinder pair appear to be sj)ineles8, except at the apex of the tibia annpla dccessa. The wing is moder- ately broad, and faintly fuliginous; the costal, auxiliary, and first and second longitudinal veins are heavily impressed, broad, black, and devoid of the microscopic hairs which uniforn)ly cover the membrane of the wing and the other veins ; these latter are faintly impressed, slender, and testa- ceous. The co.stal vein is bristly; the base of the wing is *> oken, so that only the tip of the auxiliary vein can be seen, wliicii terminates on the costal margin scarcely before the small transverse vein; the latter is conspicuously oblique, directed from above, downwaid and outward ; the first and second longitudinal veins are pretty strongly curved downward at tip ; the veins below these *'ork a little farther out than in the ocheme of Holetina, as figured ])y Winnertz, and the sixth longitudinal vein terminates just beyond the junction of the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins. Length of fragment, 3.75'"'"; estimated length of wing, 6""'; breadth of wing, 2.15"'"'. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. O*" (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). lioLE'riNA UMRRATICA. PI. 10, Fig. X From the size of the abdomen, the single specimen known seems to be a female A fragment of one antenna is preserved together with parts of the legs, especially of the tibiic, which are very delicately spined, though no apical spurs are seen. The hind tarsi of one side are also preserved VOL XIII 3S 604 TERTIAUY INSECTS OK NORTH AMKUICA. ■■:. 1} i ? I- i ? I ; aixl are t'(|iial in IcMi^tli to the tarai. The win^H sliow iiiimt of the iieum- tioii. . The auxiliary vein teriniriatea on tlie costa before the middle of the winjf opposite the traiiHverse median vein. The radius ternnnates soii.e distance and tl>e cubitus slightly before the tip of the vviiiff. The uj per discoidal vein forks about one «iuarter way to the margin, and the lower discoidal before the origin of the uj»per discoidal vein. Length of lody, 3.5"'"'; of wings, 2.r»'''"'; breadth of same, 1.1"'"': length of hind tibia', l.f)""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 37 (Prof. L. A. Lee). • BOLETINA PALL'UIVAOA. PI. 10, Fig. 7. The venation ia not correctly drawn, the auxiliary vein v. hich reaches nearly to the middle of the wing not being shown; the radius should curve upward at the middle of the wing and be connected with the cubital just j)revious to this curve ; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is short. The legs are moderately stout but long, densely clothed with delicate hairs, the tibia' with long apical thorns. Length of body, 2.r) "'"' ; of wings, 2.2;7""'; of tarsi, 1.35"'"'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 5, 40 (Dr. A. S. Packard). SACKKNIA Scudder. Saikntia Scndd., Hull. U. S. Gii.l. Oiogr. Siiiv. T«-ir., Ill, 7.'i;t-7.'i4 (1»77). Body shaped nuich as in Boletina. Antenna' longer than the thorax, one-fourtli slenderer at the si\)ex than near the base, gently curved, 2-|- 14- jointed. Legs very long and slender; femora and tibia' of about equal length; tarsi a little longer than the tibia; tlu* hind tibia and tarsi together a little longer than the abdomen; the tibia with one or two apical spurs beneath and spined throughout. Wings rather broad ovate; the smaller veins at the extreme base obliterated in the specimen examined; auxiliary vein ter- minating on the costa beyond the end of the basal third, the first longitudi- nal vein in the middle of the outer half; the second longitudinal vein is unusually curved downward at the tip, so as almost to reach the apex of the wing; the united third and fourth longitudinal veins j»art from the sec- ond very near the ba.se of the wing or within the small transverse vein ; I ! DII'TKUA— MYCETOPH1LIDJ5. 595 thoy divide near the center of the wing, and the (iftliand sixth longitudinal m near the 1>aHe an tlie third and fourth; the mxth h>ngitudinal vein in straight, and appears to readi the margin of the wing. The genus resenibhjs Holetina more than any of the genera figured by Winnertz, hut differs strilvingly from it in the approximation to tlie base of the forking of the third aiul fourtii, and of the fifth and sixtli longitudinal veins. In this particular it closely resembles the Sciarimi, but on the other hand differs frtnn them to a greater degree in the length of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, and in that the former reaches the costa. The c(»stal vein does not iinj)ear to pass beyond tJie tij) of the second hmgi- tudinal vein, but this point is obscure. I have dedicated this genus to the distinguished dij)terologist, Uaron Osten Sacken, to whom I am indebted for many suggestions in the deter- mination of the.se fossils. Sackknia arcuata. PI. 5, Fig8. 3, 4, 13, 13. Sackeiiia arcuata Sciiild., Bull. U. S. Oedl. Geogr. Siirv. Ton-., lit, 7:>4-75.'> (1877) ; in Zittel. Hautlb. d. Piiliwmt., I, ii, 811, Fig. lOHH (IHf^'i). This species is represented in part by a female specimen, more than usually well preserved. The body is pale testaceous; the wings wholly hyaline, but the veins faint testaceous; the antenna! are a little longer than the head and thorax together, very slender, of the color of tli« thorax ; the basal joints are subglobular, slightly broader than long, the remainder twice as long as broad, and beyond the middle of the antennae slightly monili- form. In the wings, the ba.se of the hinder coll, using Winnertz's terminology, lies within the base of the upper discal cell, both being nearer the base of the wing than the middle transverse vein, while the ba.se of the middle dis- cal cell is far outside of either of thoie, near the center of the wing. The costal vein appears to terminate where tiie cubital reaches the margin, and the axillary vein nearly or (juite reaches the border. The legs are partly detached, and the ))asal portion of the front pair scure, but it looks as liiough the front tarsi wero about three times as long as the front tibi;«, which is hardly probable Length of body, r).(^.^""'' ; antenupe, 2""" ; wings, 4.2.')'""'; hind femora, .'5"""; hindtibi:y, 2'"'"; hind tarsi, 2.4"""; fore tarsi, 2""". an I 596 THUTIAUV IN8KUT8 OF NOKTU AMKKICA. tic A rtocond Hperinion of tlio HUiiie «|KH'i«H Ih Hiiniliirly prosorvcd, hut ks the winiTH. Tin* l«'ir«, liowover, iiiv better Dreservcd, and show u l> pair of apical spurs to the til)iii'. The aiiteniiie are imperfect, hut the pro- boscis is seen. 'I'he leiijrtli of the curved hody is a littK) more than ftj}""". The Icffs are th'tached and «-onfused, s(» that it is impossible to se|)arate the ujiddle and hind leffs; one lejjf (a front leg, to judge from its length) has the following measiu'ements: fenmr I.'i"'"', tibia, 1.4'""', tarsi 1.7"""; another (probably a hind leg): femur 2.1 (f)""", tibia •_'.iiV""', tarsi 1.7f»'"'": another (probably the opposite »»f the same): tibia "2.26""", tarsi l.To'""'. Appar- ently, all the tarsi are broken. The tibial spines, both in this and the Hrst- mentioned specimen are delicate, and a little more than half as long as the thickness of the tibia'. CI ian i\H'H). A specimen of Mr. Richardson's collection re|)resents a species of .Mycetnphi!id;e apparently belonging to this genus, so far as can bo deter- mined. It clo.sely resembles Sackenia arcinita from the White Kiver shales, but differs from it in its smaller size and in possessing a proportionally larger and m(»re arched thorax : the legs also appear to be shorter, liesides the bodv and (indistinctly) the antenuie and legs, oidy the upper portions of the wind's remain, consisting of the costal maririn and first and .second longi- Dll'TKKA— MYCKTOPHILID.K. 597 tiuliiml voinw, with tlio rroHH-voin unitiii},' thorn ; thcHO wholly agree with the Hiiine t'eiitureH in S. lu'cuuta, oxceptin^r that the Hecond Inngitiuliinil vein terminates a little higher up. Length of body, ;?.7r)""'' ; of wings, 2.9""". Green River, Wyoming. One speeimen, No. 7 (F. C A. Kichard»on). ANACLINIA VVinnertz. Anaclinia J wp. PI. 0, FiR. V2. Another Hpecimen undoubtedly to be referred to the Mycotoi)hilida> i» figured in PI. 9, Fig. \'2, but tiio fragment of the wing preserved is so obscured by the overlying legs that a nearer determination is impossible. It seems, however, to fall in the neigliborlu^od of Anaclinia or Gnoriste, but the weaker parts of tiie neuration and the origin of the veins are so obseure that no closer determination can be made. The hrst longitudinal vein is longer than usual, reaching to Ijeyond the tip of the wing, and the termina- tion of the .second is about midwav between that of the first and that of the third. The antenna' are moderatelv slender, about as lony as the thorax with cylindrical joints about twice as long as broad. Length of body, 2.G""" ; wing, '2 A""". Green Kiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 'aiii tliu platu JH iiia('(Mii-ato)i iiixl tlio lower «liM(H)i!> (Prof ii. A. Leo). niADOCIDIA Kuthi^. DiADOCIDIA f TEKKICOKA. PI. 10, FiKH. 10, II. niaiUiriiliaf lerricola S.iiilil., Hull. V. H. OboI. (J.toKr. Siirv. Terr. IV, 7.'.0 (1H7H). This species is founded upon a sinj^le wiiijf found hy Mr. Richardson, diU'erin^f to such a de DirTHttA-MYCKTOPIIILlDvK. 5U1) wliidi, Ixtyotul thii4 point, Iiiih u )j;ontlo HiniiouH cotirHu, and ilivoi'ffOH nitlior Htrotij^Iy from tliu fourth ; tlie mxtli vuiii ciui not bo trtiooil, iiltliou^li tliu axillary Hold itt broatl, vory inutili aH in Diadocidia, and tliu inner niarjrin diHtinct IVohablo length of winjr, :16 ; its broadth, 1.45"'"'. Oreon Uivor, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 126 (F. C. A. Uieh- ardson). MYCETopiiiLin.f, spp. ri. 10, FiR. 13. HoniW., null. U. H. Qeol, Oeogr. «iirv. Terr., IV, 750-751 (1878). Throe otliei Hpories of Mycotophilidic occur among tho HpecimouH col- lected by Mr. Bowditch and myself at Groon River, Wyoming, but they are indeterminable from their fragmentary condition. One of them, No. 41.'J4 (1*1. 10, Fig. 12), has indeed the remnant of a wing, but the portion of tho venation preserved is only sufticiently characteristic to eiuible us to judge that it belongs in this family The thorax is strongly arched, and tho full and tapering abdomen indicates a female. Tiie head is gone. The thorax and abdomen are 'M)""" long, and the wing probably 3"'"' long. Another of them, from the same place, No. 4114, has a portion of the base of a wing in which the forking of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins is very close to the base, as in Sackenia, but nothing more can be said c(»ncerning it; the thorax is very globular aiul the abdomen short. Length of thorax and abdomen, 3.65""". The third species is ropresented by two specimens on one stone (No. 4205) which came from the high buttes opposite Green Rivcsr Station, and is the only fly which had the slightest value found in four days' search at that spot. One of tho specimens is a j)upa and tho other an imago, appar- ently of tho same species and distinct from either of the preceding, with a longer thorax and slenderer abiloinen, provided with largo ovate anal lob(;s. Length of thorax and abdomen, S""". «00 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. I ( Family CECIDOMYID^ Westwood. LASIOPTERA Meigen. Lasioptera kecessa. PI. 5, Figs. 29-31. TMnioptera recnta Scmlil., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Googr. Siirv. Terr., IIF, 745-740 (1877). A single specimen of a minute fly, with the antenna* perfect, the body preserved on a side view, with j)arts of the legs and the wings folded together over the back, raised from the body. The head is moderately large and appears to be a little narrower than the thorax. The antenna} show fourteen joints, without counting the basal joint, and perhaps one or two more next the base, where the antennje are parted ; the joints are sub- monilifonn, slightly broader than long, subequal ; the last joint subconical, twice as long as broad. The wiiigs show a ])rincipal vein, which strikes the costa about the middle, and ap|)arently another, striking the costa half- way between tliis and the tip, a feature which does not accord with the structure of the Cecidomyidic generally ; but the wing at this point is very obscure, so that the appearance may be accidental. The legs are apjjar- ently about as long as the Ijod}' and rather slender. Length of body, 1.4"""; of antennjv, ().«)"'"'; wings, 1""". Wliite River, near the Colorado- Utah boundary. One specimen. (W. Denton.) UTIIOMYZA Scudder(A/0.>?, /iii^^Gj). f.ilhomyza .>E Walker. DECATOMA Si)inola. DeCATOMA ANTlyUA. PI. 10, Figs. 20 f, 31. Decatoma antiqua ScuiUl., Hull. II. .S. O«ol. Geogr. .Siirv. Ttrr.. IV, 74!» (1878). On the same stone as Lystra richard.soni, bu. at a slightly higher level, is a minute chah-id fly. The wings are lacking, but the whole of the body is ])reserved, together with the antenna-. The liead is large, arched, and mi HYNKNOPTHRA— BIlACONII>.E. 605 otlierwisG well rounded, the face tapering below, the eyes lar, and it perhaps falls in the vicinity of Laccophrys Fiirst. and of Macrocentrus Cress. Length of body, 3'""' ; of ante!mf« as far as i)reserved, 2'""' ; of oviposi tor, 1.5'""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 130 (Dr. A. S. Packard) BraconidvE sp. PI. 10, Fig, '28. To this family rather than to the Ichneumonida? also probably belongs tlio specimen figured in PI. 10, Fig. 28, but of which, the antenna- and ovi- positor being the only well preserved parts, not enough remains to indicate any affinities with certainty. Perhaps it may fall near Meteorus. fi ' -s 608 TKRTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. M Li'iiffth of Ixnly, 4.r)""" ; of (broken) antoimn.', 3""" ; of ovipositor (base wniitiiij;), 2;')""". Green River, Wyoniin J.lTHO'rOltUS goii. nov. (A/^/o?, ropo';). This genus of Ichnouinonidjv is undoubtedly allied to Exyston, but differs from it, as it does from nil members of the family known to nie, by the separation of tlie first from tlie second cnlntal (-ell by a weak nervure, not shown in the plate, which extends entirely across the space usually left open in this family, though almost always closed in tiie Hraconidse. It is also reniarkal)le for the flaring of the apical cul>ital cell. The antenuie are shorter than the bod\' and the abdomen has the basal joint comparatively stout, considerably enlargiii!^, and the snbapical joints more than twice as broad as long. LlTUOTORirs rl{E,SS<)Nl. I'l. 10, Fij,'. '21. The single specimen is preserved on a side view in which all the parts but the legs are preserved, but the wings are somewhat obscured by over- lapping. Apparently, the areola is not closed externally, and the outer cubital cell is opened unusually wide, while the radial cell is exceptionally deep for its length ; the ))arts below the areola are obscure. The antennsv are moderately stout, reaching to the middle of the abdomen, the joints scarcely moniliform, twice as long as broad. The liiorax is compact oval. The abdomen beyond the basal joint is as long as the head and thorax together ; the basal joint is more tiian twice as broad apically as at the base and less than tw'';e its greatest breadth. The whole body, but especially the thorax, is dark colored. Length of body, 4""" ; of antenna', 3""" : of wing, 3""". Green River, Wyoming. One s))ecimen. No. 131 (Dr. A. S. Packard). UIIYSSA CJravenhorst. Rhy.ssa juveni.s. ri. I(», Fi<;. 1!). Although smaller than any .species I have noted, and much smaller than most known to me, I can find no characters in this single specimen which do not occur in Rhyssa, except in the relative proportions of the tho- rax and abdomen. The specimen is preserved on a side view and in a gen- VOL XI 11 39 610 TICUTIAKY INSKCT8 OK NOllTII AMKRICA. ,: ( i ! oral way shows ovorvtliiii;,'ex('Di)t tlio k'jfs ; but tlio basiil parts of tlu* wings aro ol)HCurt'(l on account of tlinir overlying tlio l)o iniildlc ot' tlic iiortioii liclow tlii) tii'Ht siiluMmtal cell; tlic vein si-panitiii^- tlii> tiiinl and ruintli ni(>dii)n (-(dls irt wtronjrly I'lirved, siihsinuato and distinct tlnouf^liout. latiijftli of win;;', !' l : Itroidth licyond tlitt Hti;;ina, '2A '; groutOHt width of tiiu third costal cidl, 0.4""". Forniii'a arcaiiu licH on tho miiiio Htone. QiiDHMtd, lii'itish Coliunbia. One Hpecinicn, Nos. Id'' and 12 (Dr. (^ M. Ihiwson, Gi'olojficid Survey of Canada). I'iMI'I.A ItKCESSA. I'l. ;j, Fijf. -'7. I'imiila ileoenta .Soiulil., Kep. I'rogr. (iocl. .'^iirv. (an., IH7.'i-H7ll, Ifliit (1HJ7). The remains of this in.scct consist of crushed thorax and alxlonieii, and the two wings of one side t)f the body, siipcriniposod; upon the same stone, at 11 slightly higlier U'V<'1. is the specimen of ISoletina .sejuilta. The tliora.x and abdomen arc tiitircly crushed and black, but the last segment of the latter l)ears tlie cdosest possilde resendjlancc to the abdomen (»f the male of Pinipla instigator Kabr. TIk; wing is uiuforndy infnmated, and the margins of the anal excision infus(;nted; it is covered very profusely with slatrt microscopic tapering hairs, more irregularly distributed than in the other two species descrilx-d. avt-raging in the third meilian celi 0.03' in length, aiul seated on cliitinoiis aninili varying in size, some iteing but half as largo as otlu'rs, the larger ones nu'asuring about 0.007"'"' in diameter; the veins are black and the large triangnl.ir stigma almost as dark, a little paler toward either extremity ; the stigma is altout twice as long as broad, ami extends metre than iialf-way down the upper l»ord(;r of the first subcostal cell, the vein being partially id)literateil be}ond it; the third costal cell is rather narrow apically, although the tip of the wing is pretty well ntunded. The species may readily be distinguished from tlio.se de.scri))ed above b\ the shape of the areola, whicli is pretty regularly <|uadratc, twice as long as broiid, and has the vein next the third costal ccdl oiditerated only at the ends; there is no trace of the vein separating the united lirst subcostal and second median cells, and the vein separating these cells from the third modiau coll U bout in the middle, and nearly obliluratoJ ii. tho middle half; 1 3S ! UYMKNOITKUA— ICIINKIJMONID.K. 613 the voiii rte|»initiii;; tho tliirtt iiiul fourth inu»">t of h(»(ly, 8.")' ; KMij^tli of wiii},', 7.7""" ; Itroadth of HaiUd hcyoiid tho Hti},'ina, 2. <>"'"' ; ^roiitost width of tiiird postal (udl, 0.27"'"'. (^ik'sik;!, British (!(diii)ihia. Oiio Kpociinon, No. 9* (Dr. (I. M. Daw- HtHi, (iiMdojfical Surv«y of ( !aiiada). GLVl'TA Oravonhor«t. Cit.YPTA TKANSVKRHALIH. The sini^lu spHciiuuii is prusurvod on a dorsal view, with tiie upper rijfht wiiijj; turiiod forward and rovorsod. Tho tlaisouro ; no ovipositor can bo soon. Tlio general disposition of tho nomation is altogether as in all tho figures of Olypta I have soon, but thort; aro sovoral points in it wherein it dirt'ers from all of them, The basal ('.ul)ital cell is much less elongated than usual by the comparatively slight extension of the apical portion of tho cell beneath tho Htigma, consequent uptm the brevity of tho ba.sal portion of tho radius; the basal discoidal coll is also unusiuiUy short and the cro.ss-vein separating the middle and apical discoi(hd cells straight and not zigzag. The eyes are largo and j)rominent, and by the preservation of tho specimen it is evident that they shared in the considoraltle variegation of the body by being of a light color with a basal dark annnlus, next which the head was again light, with a dark central portion relieved by a posterior transverse light belt. The thorax was similarly ornamented, the mesothorax having dark sides and a broad mesial light band oidarging posteriorly and anteriorly, but divided by a middle (hirk line which oxi)ands in front and l)ehind to a stripe. The nietathorax is mostly light with a mesial dark stripe. The abdomen is light, but with the lateral prominences at the b.iso of vhe earlier joints peculiar to Glypta (here transverse instead of oblifiiiely longitudinal) of a dark color; these proniinencos are largest on the first and second segments, where they nearly touch in the middle, and especially on the second segment, where they aro twice as broad as on tho others, .slightly ol>lique, but directed 6M TEUTIAUY INBEOTS OF NOUTll AMUlilCA. inward and backward (nf>t torwai^d) and reticulated as if more or less punc- tate in. life. Tho head, iiorax, and abdomen are of about equal width. Length of winjr, 4.5'"". Green Uiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 7G (Prof. L. A. Lee). ECLYTUS Holmgren. ECLYTUS LUTATUS. PI. 10, FifT. 24. The single specimen is preserved on a side view, witli one wing droop- ing. A portion of the moderately stout antenn.'e is preserved, showing them to be at least nearly as long as the body, and the middle joints to be rather more than twice as long as broad. The neuration of the wing is obscure about and below the region of the areola, which appears to be lacking, the direction of the culntal vein from its extremity backward being toward the angle of the radius beyond the stigma ; before this junction the cubitus is more curved than represented on the plate ; the obscurity prevailing in that region does not permit one to see the cross-vein below the position of the j'.reola with clearness, but there is a faint indication of a straight vein depend- ing from that point ; the s-jparr^tion of the second discoidal and humeral cells is by a straight, scarcely obli(pie <^r'.>ss-vein in direct continuation of the vein aljovo and not shown on the plate. Tho neuration of the hind wing is exactly as in all species of Eclytiis. The abdomen is evidently compressed laterally, pedicoled b}' the apically enlarging long first segment, the remainder obloug ovate on a -lide view, most expanded Ijeyond the mid- dle, a little more than twice as long as high ; ovipositor scarcely so long as the extreme height of the abdomen. Length of body, 3.5"""; of wing, 2.(;5'""' ; of ovipositor, ().fi5""". The species apparently ditlers from those figured by Snellen van Vol- loniioven in his l*ina('()graphia in that tho cubital vein meets the radius by a union of similar but reversed angles. Green Uiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 36 (Frof. L. A. Lee). ; I i 5 H YMENOPTER A-MYRM ICI DiE. 615 Tribe ^OULEAT^ LatreiUe. Family MYRMICIDyG Lepelletier. APHiENOGASTEP, Mayr. Al'HiliNOUASTKB LONG.EVA. PI. 3, Fig. 23. Aphmnogiuter longma Sciuld., Rop. Progr. Geol. fieogr. Snrv. Can., 187!>-187(i, 207(1877). A single very obscure and fragmentary specimen, and its still more obscure reverse, are tlie sole representatives of this specnes ; they exhibit a crushed and confused mass of head, thorax, legs, and antenna', and the larger part of a single front wing, apparently of a mala. The wing isfaintly infuraated, especially beyond the stigma, and the stigma itself is only a little dee',>er in tint; the wing is also covered very sparsely with excessively delicate and very short microscopic hairs. The cubital vein forks beyond the discoidal cell by only one-third the width of the latter, and both the veins run to the tip of the wing, although very f^lintl3^ This cell is shaped exactly as in A. berendti Mayr, found in amber, and is distant from the scapular vein by only liali its width ; the costal margin of the wing is more convex beyond the stigma than in the amber species mentioned. The base of the whig is lost, but its probable length is 7"'"', and its greatest breadth is 2.3""" ; leii^'tli of stigma, 0.8"'"'. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 33 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). MYRMICA Latreille. Mykmica sp. PI. 10, Fig. 22. Jfjrmica sp. Scudd., Bull. IJ. S. (ipol, G.'i(;;r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 718 (1878). A spt 618 TRHTIAUV INSK'JTS Ol' NORTH AMERICA. FORMICA Linnc?. Formica arcana. PI. 3, Fig. 24. Formica arcana Scndd., Rop. Progr. Gool. Surv, Can., 187r>-1870, !iO(J-2C7 (1877). A single fragment of a wing, exhibiting, however, all the important parts of the neuration, is to be referred to the genus Formica (s. str.) Pimpla senecta lies on the same stone. The discoidal cell is of medium size, subquadrate, a little broader below than above ; the single closed cubital cell is about three times as long as the discoidal cell, l)eing a little produced (to considerably less than a right angle) at the tip, where the transverse vein, coming obliquely from the stigma, strikes the cubital vein exactly where it branches, forming ;i luinutc stigma, from which four veins radiate almost symmetrically; the wing is of a uniform, faint fuliginous color, the stigma of medium size, darkest along its lowest border, and all the veins dark, the scapular vein even black, and n)argined on its apical half with testaceous. The wing is .'{'""' in widtli, from the anal emargination to the base of the stigma, and the tip of the basal internomedian cell is 4.25""" distant from the apex of the closed cubital cell, making it jirobable that the entire length of the wing was nearly 12""". Quesiiel, Hritish ("oluuibia. One specimen. No. 10" (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). LASICS Fabricius. Lasu's tkrrkis. PI. 10, Fig. L*;?. /,««iH» In-nm .SiMidd., Hull. I'. S. Ocol. (ii'c)({r. Siirv. Terr., IV, 717-748 (I87H). A single specimen obtained by Dr. Ihiydenat the " Petrified Fish Cut," Green River (allinU'd to in his Siin Pictures of Rocky .Mountain Scenery, page i)8), is probablv tit be referred to this genus, but is in rather a poor state of preservation. The head is small and rminded, with antenna' shaped as in ]..asius, but of which the number and relative length of the joints can iKit be determined from thuir ob.scurity ; the long ba.sal joint, however, ap- pears to be comparatively short and uniform in size, being not (piite so long as tlu! width of the head, while the rest of the antenna' is more than half as HYMENOPTERA— rOUMlCID.E. 619 long as tlie basal joint, and thickens very slightly toward the apex. The thorax, preserved so as to show more of a dorsal than a lateral view, is com- pact, oval, less than twice as long as broad, with no deep separation visible between the meso- and metathorax, tapering a little posteriorly. The pe- duncle, as preserved, is a minute circular joint, but from its discoloration appears to have had a regular, rounded, posterior eminence. The abdomen consists of five joints, is very short oval, very compact and regular, and of about the size of the thorax, although rounder. The legs are long smd slender, the femora of ecpial size throughout, and all the pairs similar. There is no sign of wings, and the specimen is probably a neuter. Length of body, 7.5'""' ; of head, 1.4"""; of thorax, 3.2"'"' ; of abdomen, 2.9'""'; breadth of head, 1.1""" ; of thorax, 1.9""" ; of abdomen, 2.2°"" ; diam- eter of peduncle, 0.55"""; length of first joint of antenna;, 1'"'"; of rest of antenna;, 1.65"'"' I Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14G92 (Dr. F. V. Ilayden). CAMP0N0TU8 Mayr. Camponotus vetus. PI. 5, Figs. 1, 2. Camiioiiotiis vilus Scndd., Bull. V. S. Geol. Cicogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 742 (1877). A single speciir'^n, very faii-ly preserved, l}'ing upon the side; a rem- nant of one wing is left, and a faint indication of the antenna*, but the legs are wanting. The head has a flat sununit, the upper half of the sides roundly protuberant, tlie lower half rather broad, and tapering l)ut little ; the thorax is long and moderately slender, compacted into a single mass, with a low arch, more than twice as long as high. The first segment of the abdomen increases rapidly in size posteriorly, and has a rounded knob above at its hinder end ; the abdomen is long aiul slender, composed of five joints, the second the largest, gradually tapering to the pointed tip. It seems to agree better with Camponotus than with any other genus, but has a ditferently shaped head and first abdominal joint, and is smaller than the species of that genus, so that it is only placed here provisionally until other and better specimens are obtained. Length of body, 3.75"'"'; of thorax, 1.15"""; of abdomen, 2""". White River, near the (Jolorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton). 620 TKUTlAin INS1<;(!TH OF NORTH AMERICA. I i Family SPHEGID^ Westwood. 1)1I)INP:IS Wesmael. . DiDINKIS .S<)LI1)K8('KN8. IM. 10, Kijr. M). Tlie body of tlie single specimen known is preserved on a side view but partially dorsal, and tliou<;li tlio antenna>, and legs are destroyed, tlie wings are tolerably well preservt'(l. There is, however, no sign of any spine on the sides of the nietanotuni, the thorax here appearing to b(> well rounded ; nor would the abdomen ai)pear to be so closely narrowed at the base as in Didineis. The neuration of the wings agrees very closely with that of Didineis lunicornis Fabr. sp., except in the very nuich larger size and sub- triangular shape of the marginal cell, the widtli of which is nearly one-third that of the wing. The middle discoidal cell also is remarkable for its ex- treme length, being at least three times as long as its basal breadth. The body is not very darkly colored on the stone, being of a rather pale testa- ceous tint, but the apical half ov less of the abdominal segments are paler than the rest. Length of body, 7"""; of wing, :).•_'.")""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 132 and 263 (Dr. A. S. F'ackurd). ' ■ i : it! i : I G22 TEUTIAUY INSECTS OK NOllTIl AMERICA. ri ■ r .SvsTKMATic List ok tiir SI'kcikh Ukmciiiiikd in tiik I'iirhrnt Woiik, with Rkkkiiencr to thk Pi.ACKH WIIKUi: 'I'llKV AKK DKHCKIIIKI) AND FlUUUKIt AND TIIK LoC'AUTIKt) AND llOKlZUNB AT WHICH 'I'lIKY AUK rol'ND. Till! f(>llviiitionH nro imml in tlioliwt twoooliuniiHot' InciilitieH: Q. = QuoriioI ; 8. = Himil- kitnii'cii Uivcr; M. = Niiio-Milo Crrck; N.=: Nicola; C.C, = Crow (-'reek, Colo. ; II. 0. = lloriio Creek, Wyo. ; T. C. -- Twin ( 'n-ek, Wyo. ; S. O. :=; SfitrWoro, Oiititrio | I'. K. — Port Kennedy, I'li. Syitteniutlc lUt of hpcrk'h. Uronim, ({enrni, and Hpecii'H. MTRIAPODA. InhiH ti'lhiHivr ARACHNIDEB. ACAKINA. Ixodt'H tortiitriiis AKANKIDK.S. SAl.TIOilAD.K. Attiilii. •i I'nrattMH resnrrcetuH 'I I'linittiig cvociituH r> PuruttiiH latitntnH LATKHKiUAD.K. Tliomiaidra, 'i TlioinJHiiH rcKntiiH 7 TlioniiHiiH diBJnnctim H TliomiNUH defoHsns TnilTKl.AHI.K. j Ihiidirides. 9 Sc);nstriji socoHun DraHHidiK. 10 Clubiona iivorHU 11 ClnliioiKt arrniia l'~ Cliiliiona latolinma l.t Chiliiima oHti'nfata 1-1 Anyjiliiina iiitt'rita AtjnUiiitlea, !■") Titanii'ca ingi'nna Hi 'ritunii'i'a licMtcrna Hrtitki.aiii.i.. ThiriilidtH. 17 Araijra coltiiiihiii' H Tlicridiiim o|n'rtaiiciiiii Ill Tlu'riilliiiii wclimmii yii Liiiyphia retenNa I'lkgo. Plate and li);iiru. 44 r.9 11: 29,32 71 2: 1,2 7:1 11: :j 74 11: 20 7r. 11: 2.1,27 6: K. .... 47 (!: 12 ,'-.:{ 11: 26 r)4 r).i 57 11: i;i 58 11: 9 59 11: 23 (31 11: 28 (!» It: 22 r>4 11: 4 Ki 11: 18' IX, 11: 24 (i7 11: 5 calitleo w here fonnil. (ieotogivul hrrizoii. > ^_ X X 1 S British Co- Inmbim. h S" ■2 Oligocono Oligocene Oligocene ....do ! ....do ! Oligocene.... .... do Oligocene Oligocene ....do ....do do ....do Oligocene ....do Oligocene do lo X .... "" v1iik l>)-'t!i^"" "f Kolatioimliip tliu fiilluwiiiK inarkK nrt< iinuiI : ! ! — vi>ry ologo ; I = ulnse; " =: geuural ; t - iliHlant ; f ~ iiuHiiibU!. FlIHitil Hp UCi08. VVIhti- fiuiiiil. Ilori/.oii, 1 K.xlHtiii); MpouioM. ^1 u Niiiiin of spiiRioH, »t SI Naiiiv of HpnciuH, 1 Wlicro living. 1 ;i 4 5 t; 7 H *-» 8,80iiocalata(Linii,) Europe ') o o o t (!. toniontosn K, & M... C.8ericoa,('.lanntaK.-U C. ntteiinataK. & »... C.micToplitlialniaK.-B. Hultiuambur. ....do Liifiirian .. to ..do 11 ....do ..do IV ....do . do );< i 14 • t t T.qundrignttata( H. ) ...do Europe ....do ir> 10 j 17 f j T. graniilatiiiii K. &. \i.. T. liirtiim K. A H I L. cheiracantliaK. il- H ' Balticainlior i do Lii'nriaii 1 18 f do 1ira aliHcniidit.i H Kpcira delita !l K|it'ini cineriiutii Ill KpiMra viilvaiiHliH I I Kpcira I'liiortoiii I'i Kpt-ira np 1:1 E]H>ira Hp M Kpi'ira Hp l.'i Nepliilii pi'iiniitipt-.s NBUROPTERA. I TIIYSANIRA. lUl.LoSToMA. Id I'laniivcplialiiH awlloiilcH.. LKI'tHMATII).!-:. 17 LopiHiKa platyiijcra TKHMITINA. 18 Puroteriiics inNit;iii.s III Paroteriiii-8 liagciiii 20 I'arof ornit>8 fi>iliiM> 'i\ IIiMlotfMiicg colorailoiiHiH.. '^2 I'.iitcrnii'H fe!iHariiiii 'j:i Ktiti'rniefiiiii'aiiji I I'SOt'INA. 'J4 PbropaiiciiN iliNJiiiK'iiiH ' El'HEMKUIIi.K. '^'t Eplicnicra taliilica 'X Kliliviiivra iniiiiiiliiliN .. •^ I Epiieniora iiiacilenta 2H EphfiiuTa piiiiiicnHa 'JQ Eplicniora iutereiiipta .... . 'M EpLoiucru ojiBucca I'aHK. S fc' 5! 4 I'lalu ami f ^' (5 « S i t£ (>kIomI liiiri/oii. 77 78 7!» HO HI ' At i 84! H5 I ST) I 8.» II: I X X II: I'J X .do . .ilo. .ilo. ..lo. .do . .do. .do. .do. .do. . X I If) i 12: 20 ' X 115 : 12: 12,17 I X 118 120 5: •■il .do. X ' Oligoceno (f). X < 1118000110... 121 I.' .". 122 12. 4,10 122 12: 7, I5,1C i";i 1:^ 12: 'J X X X X .do .do. .do. .do. .du. ! If TABLE8-NEUHUPTRRA. 625 DlHTIUIHITION OK TIIK HPKCIltH WITH WHICH THKY AHK CoMPAIIKn— OontllllMUl. Foull apoolM. Kxislhig H|HIV|«H. Nitliiu of (t|icvioH. Wlmro found. H I'l.ANirKNNIA. SlAl.lNA. CoryilnlitfH r<>ciiii(liiiii Knpliiilia traiii|iiillit Iiiiii'cllla vutitraiia Iiincfllia KiiiiiiioliMiln Iiiiii'i'llia til II, II lata liicicellia t-Vfiila IlKMKIKllllNA. ( lHlll.\ lllH l<'i|llirtim Iliilliriiiiiivriiitiim lacliliiiil I'ala'iH'liryHa htriotu 'IrilioiliryNa vctiimiila TriliiiclirvNU i:ii'i|iiiili.i TriliixlirvHH tiriiiata I'AXlilll'IK.l-;. I|iilriir|ia iiiai iilii.ta I 'aiinr|ia ri^iila THICIIOI'TKKA. IIVIlllllPSYCIlin K llvilropsyclir opcrta lly(lrop»y('lii> iiianL'iiN PolyriMitropiiH fXCNiiH N. l.iiialll I'M \\ lii r X X X X S (Ii'iilii^jcal liiirl/oii. i;hi Ollt(oi'«iic . ., ....ilii i;w IIM 1): l,:i, 11 ti; 7,H l:l: 4 i:i: 1-^,14 i:i: H.K ■ :i: 11 i:»: 10 i:i: 1 i:i; 1,'-. i:i: 11 I'l: 4, Iti (I v; ijiii.i» ( 11: -i 14: 1 14; 1'.' 14: 1.-. - • . . 1 t»4 III.') ....«lo .....lo i:hi X i:iH 140 X X X X X X .... ....(to • •••do 143 Oli){(iuiili« .,., .,..(1,. 144 t4.'> 14t) X OjJKiit't'Ilii.... I^araiiiio 14U CC, IM X X X X X X .... ;< X X Oliffiii'i'tio. . .. ....do ir>*i ir>7 ....ilo ir.- iiiii .... do ..ill, iipj it>i U'lti 170 II: :l,H 2: 7-III 11: l:i, 11 14: '.• " .... t^ OIIkuciiiiu,. .. ....do ....do 170 ....do l''i 14:11,7.10,11 14: 4,.j X X X ...do 174 t HiKocrlll'. . . . ...do 17ti IMO IrtO IHl .■.: .->•.', ,-.:t 1.'.: 7 X X X i >lij;on'iit). . . . Olij;ori*iiii . . . ....do TA1JLH8— NKlJKOrTKllA. 687 DlHTKIIltlTIIlN i>V TMK Hl'KCIKH WITH WIIK^II 'I'llKV Alt!'. I 'oMI'AUKIi- < 'iHltlllllUll, KtNMll H|M)V1|^N, Kxi«tili)( Hporit'N. 1* Naiiiu ol* NpuclnH. Whuru fuum*. llurl/.oii. Nuiiiii of Kiiuuluit. VVIinru living. • -• « 1 )l :i p. innvruiHiH HelyH . Vtiiiu/.iiula 4 n It 7 . H U /K. coimlrirtii H»y.. i'G.,|iuiiilit Suy Nortliurn U. 8 . Nuw KtiKlaiiil.. 10 11 12 1 i:i -,,, t CoryiluliiMcoriiiitiiH. Norlliorn V. 8. 14 15 10 17 1 18 ! 19 ! O. pictuH HttKun HultiuitiiiUor. ao 1 21 22 ... .1 2:i 24 2.1 20 1 27 1 1 'ffl 'f) 1 ;») 628 TEBTIAUY INSECTS OF NOUTH AMEKICA. SV8TK.MATIC LlST OK TllK SPKCIKS L)K8CI IN TIIK rilKSFNT WollK, KTC— Cotllillllt'll. SyHtoiiiutio list uf HitecicM. Groiipii, };uucra, ami spccicH. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hi 17 18 l'.> I at. aa a:t A". a<) ai) :io :ii :!a HVKIIOI'SYCIIID.K— C'n'tl I'olyceiitropim eviratim Dcrobrdcliiis a!istnii'lii» Ueruliroeliiis cii'iiiik'HtiiH DoniUrocliiiN a-tvriiiiH DerobrochiiH coiniuoratiiH Dt'i-iiliroi'liiM iiiai'cidiis DiM'olinivliiiN frijreoceDg I)urulii>>vUii8 cintera' Liioliroi'liiiH rxternatiis L«>|it(ibr<)L'liiis Iiiteii8 MeHolinicliiiH Icthii'iu MeHoliruclniH iiiibovilliis Paladivflhi eriiptioiim Tiuodi's [la I inline II a Lkptockkid.k. Sotoo)ta rilKYOANID.K. fi'eiiroiiia ovancsci'im Pbryuaii.-a lal«'l'ai'ta LiiiiiiopxyL'bL- ilmperHa ORTHOPTERA. KoiiKK ri.Aiii.i-;. Labiii.iiia a via I.abitliiroiiiiiia bnriiiaiisi I.abidiiroiiiiui. iiinrlalc Libiiliiriiiniiiii ('iiiiiiiiixliiiii i.abiiliirnniiiia ti'iii.iriiiiii Labiiliirniiii.ia gilbrili J>abiitiiroiiiiiia cxHiilaliiiii Labiiliirniiiiiia lilliii|ibiliiiii r.abiriirniiiiiia Hp l.aliiiliiroMiiiia iiiforiiiiiii I.abiiiiiriiniiiia Inlteim IlI.ArTAIlI.K. I'uralutiuUia NaiiHitiiri'i Pagu, Iria IK\ 1'3 184 184 185 185 18(> 18(i 187 i Plato aud tiguro. 13: 188 189 189 19U IIM 19a 193 194 19f. 197 199 acr ao(i a(iT a(i8 at 19 ail aia ai3 ai4 ai4 ai4 «16 15 : a 15: f), l(i l;i: 13; 15:4 15: 10 15: 1,3 15: 11 15: 13 15: 14 ir,: 9 15: 15 15: 5 4: 4 13 : 3 13: 5 13: a III 3. V ii.n, XI Iti: 1 Hi: a,(i,ao 111: 10,17 I(i:l5, 18,ai ir>: 14 It; l(i Iti Iti la 19 ! a4 7 lt):9, 13, Iti G: a5 Liocalitiea where fouuil. Geological liorizou. c si > ♦J Is 6 ll .Jt. li 5 X Olifjoceno . .. . ...lo . .....lo 1 do i X X X .'.'.'. X do i X . do X do X do X do X do X X ....do do X X do X Oligoveuu \ do X X Oligoi'one 1 Uli|riicciie do H.C. X X X . do X Oligoct'im ....do . do X X .... X \ do . X ■■••l ...do X . do X ... i do X do . X ...J ...do . X ....do . . . X do X _\ Oligocenc TABLES— OBTHOPTEUA. 629 Distribution op thr .Spkciks with which Thky ark Comi>aiA. Agathenicra reel iihh AcRinii. Tnixaliilir. 4 Tyrbiila iimltispiiiona , G Tyrbiilii niNHi'lIi 6 GoinpIioccruN ubHtnisiiN (I'dijHiiliiUr. 7 Nanthncia torpUla 8 fEclipoda pru'focatii , TapbacrJH rcliqiiata LocfSTARl.t:. Phyllophonda: 10 Lithynineteg giittntim I'sfuAHphiiUiihy. 11 Cymatomora macnlata ConocephiitiAiT. 13 Orcbeliniiiin pincidiim 13 j Locusta silcDH (IryUacridiKUr. 14 j Gryllacri8 cineriH 15 I LocDBtariii- Hp I (jRYLUDES. 16 Primeniobius iudaratiiH 17 I'rniienui)iiii8 tiTtiuriiiH 16 l*roneti:(il)iii.s Kiiiltliii HEMIPTERA. IIOMOI'TKIJA. Cornii.K. 19 MoDopbli>biiN NJiiipli'x Al'lIIDKS. Aphidinir. 20 Cat anenra abwim 21 CataniMira rilryi 'ii ArchiliiL'liniiH pcnnaliiH 'j:i ArcbilacbniiH iiiiul);(M 'J4 (ittrancon duvJHii Page, 217 21H 219 221 222 22:1 224 225 22(> 229 a:to 2:11 •j;!2 2;t» 'iX, •12 24.-) 24.'i Plate and tigiire. Localitioa where found. a O 17: 12 X 17: >- X 17; 11 X 17: 13 X 17: 1-4 X 17: (1 X I X 17: 5 X 12: H, 19 X ' 17: 14, 1.''. X 17: 7 17: lt;.18,19 17 : 9, 10 X 17: 17 X li: 18 ....1 X 0 1 u '>•! ■ 'J4 6,12 TKIITIAKV INSECTS OF NOHTir AMKUICA. SVMI'KMATIC LI8T OF TUB SPECIES DRSCUIBRU IN TIIR I'KBSENT WoitK, RTC— CouUllUOd. Systemutic list of specieH. Loualitieg wberu found. Groiipa,gouera, and species. 1 a •i 4 r. G 7 H 9 10 11 12 i:! 14 15 1(> 17 18 10 'iO iil 2t •j:. 2.; •27 28 2U Page. AiMdina^ — Cont'd. Ooraueon petroriim Sbpnupliiii <|iioaucli SbenaphiM ulileri i Slicnnpliis Inssa ' Aiiliantaphis uxBiicii 1 Sipluinoplioruides un iqua > SiplionuplioroidfH rnlln.!HqiuM j 8ipliun<>plioini(U-N propiiiqiiii ' l.ithnpliiN dinitii ' Tephruplii.s ximplux 1 To]>Iir:ipliis walshii ] A])hiiIop!ri)cliHH if vivi'sceni* Schizuneurimv. ScliizoneiiriiidesHciidderi Am ilaiicDii lutoMiiH AiKcinatiin (IdrmioHiiH Aiii'oiialiis liiiL'kloiii l*(rl'i)>iti;;iiia ri'oiiivtiiu Ptviost ijjiiiu iiiffrum Psrtuo.i-:. Necntpsjlla ii«i€i» CatupHyllu prima KULOOHtNA. fmli/urula . Nyctc'pliylax iibi«-ri Xyi'topliyla.'s vigil ...__. . . ..„ „i^ Apliiiiia atava , Apliaii.i lot unci i|>eiiiii» Ly^tra liiliardHoui Lyttra leui Plato and * 5 « ^ Hguro. .2^ gt:' 6 •So n Ocological liorizuu. 270 12: 11,21 X •JS' X *» I 19: 11 aw j l-t: H **l : .".: 9»i,97 282 fi: 27 2h:{ '■ M. », ^1. " i,:t U&i\ 7:2 X X .X „,..! Oligocene. ....do Oligoi-tMie... ...do ()li;,'<)cclli' (f). Oli^occni!... ,...do do , ft TABLES— HKMIPTERA. 633 DisTiiiBUTioN or TiiK Species with which Tiiey aur Compakbd— Continued. Fossil species. Ezistini; species. il 5.2 Name of species. Where found. Horizon. Name of species. Wlicro living. 1 2 .... .... .... 4 .... .... .... 7 H 9 10 It 12 13 14 l.'i 11! 18 1!» 20 31 22 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. .... .... 24 1 .... j 27 28 29 30 31 32 1 .... 1 [ i 1 34 3r. 1 ....1 'if 684 TEUTIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Sybtkmatic List ok thr Spkciks Dehcribkd in tiir Pkesbst Work, etc.— Continued. Systuniutiu list uf nihiuioh. Qroups, gonrra, and Hpocios. 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IC 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 :t2 I'nhjoridu — Cont'd. Fnlgora grnniiloHn Kiilgnra iKipnliita Fnlgnra obtii'i'gcciis Iliilyoitliarida. Dictyoplinrn lioiivcl t'ixiiiUi. Cixins hcHpcrldiini Cixiiis proaviiK Oliariis Infi'iisiH DIupIegiiia lialdiMiiiini l>iiipltj);iiia vctiTiiNi rns Diupleginn alxliii'tiiiii Dinple^ina vi'iu'raliilc Di.iplpgina occiillonim DiaplffTiiia niino.siiiii Diaplof^iiiK (ibdoriiiitnin Ollarlte.s torrent ii la Florissaiitia t'l")jaii>i Dillilidciila. Drlpbax senilis ! Planoplilelii A uiKantea Achiliilii. ] Elidiptcra re(;ularis I Hicaniida. Hatnmaptcryx reticulata /7(i tida . LitbopNiH liiiiliriata Litbopsis eliiiifjata , I Ficarasites Hticinatieiini , I .Iassikks. Tt'ttigonia priscHiiiarijiiiata Tetf igonia priseotiiieta 'IVttigoiiia piisiovarii jiata Tcttigiinia old eel a ' Hythosciipiis lapidesrens A};allia lewisii Agallia tiaccida Aijallia iiistabilis 1 Agalliu abstructa Pago. 284 284 285 286 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 2tU 292 292 293 294 295 21Hi 'M7 298 300 301 301 3(l-.' :!(K! 303 304 305 305 306 306 .307 I'Ocalities w lioru found. Geological horizon. riatti and tl'ju:'o. 6: :J5 7: 16 19: 1 21: 16 6: 19 19: 14 7: 18 a a X X X X X X X X 1 a> r X X > e i British Co- lumbia. Other locali- 1 ties. Oligo.iono ....do ....do Oligoceno Oligocenc ....do X X ....do ....do ....do 15: 8 ....do 1 ....do ....do ...do X X ....do 7: 17 19; 12 5 : 95 2: 16 19: 13 6: M 6: 36,37 6: 28 6: 20 7; 4 19 : 9 5: 58.59 5: 94 19: 7,21 19: 18 21: 1 19: 5 X ....do ....do .... X Olignecnef ..| S X X 1 Oligocene.... Oligoconc Oligoceue ....do X X X X X ....do Oligocene do X do X X Oligoceno f .. Oligocene f . Oligoci'ne i ....do X X X X .... .. ....do ....do TABLKH— IlKMirTEHA. " (wtO DiSTItlnUTION (IK TIIK Sl'l'.CIKS WITH WHICH TllKY AKK Compauku— CoUtillUBll. FohhU Hiit*i:i(tN. KxiHtillK H|IUvi()H. It II =1 Nuinti (if Hpucloa. When) found. Horizon. -0. ^1 NllllKI of HpecltiH. Whon^ living. 1 2 :< 4 1 , 7 8 U 1(» u i:t 14 i , 1 i - Hi 17 18 19 20 '»1 i .w 1 VI 1 t Aul. immitiwCF.).- TiiU. bulla Walk... United States.. Silliot •i,| Vi ■ti 07 1 "H 1 1 \ 1.... 'f\ \-w \ i ;ii .....-■ i — i 1:.2 636 TKUTIAKY hVSKCrrS OF NOKTU AMKRICA. Svsti;matii; List oi' tiik Hi-KcrKs Dksciiiiirii in tiik I'iikhknt Work, ktc. —Continued. HyK'oniatic Imt ol'HpculvH. (Irniipg, Koiiorn, antl HpevieH. U 7 H 'J 10 11 III 14 1ft 10 17 1- VJ •,MI •Jl 'J'i :n :w :i;t M :t:. .lAssiiiKfl—Cun tinned, (i.vpoim I'ini'iTia .IllHHllH llltl'ld'll' ... Tliiiiiiiiott'ttix imitllatii Tliaiiiiiotottix (jiiiini'tti TliaiiiiKitfttix I'uikII Cicitdnliv NaxoHa Acocoplinliis a(la> A<'(i<'i'pli.'i1iiH rallosim JasHiipsiH ov ideas Cd'Iidiii coliiniliiana Cu'li'lla wydiiiiiiKi'usi.s DoriniuB imylloideH j C'KKCOI'in.K. Cermji da. CtTPopitns iiniliratillH Cert'opites calllHCfim Corccipis Hi'hvyiii Cen'opis ariiricli; Cep'opiH NntVcicala Pi'tnilyHfra nlnaiitca I'ctnilystra limos l.oi^ritt'N ciipiM I^ocrili's wliitei I'alitcpliiira iiiaciilata I'alecphora pati-facta I'ah'pphora iiiarviiit'i I'alccpliora (MinniMiiilN I'alevpliuia pra'valons I'aliTpl'.ora iiiiiriiata Lilliri'plioia si'tif^rra Litlii'i'iilmni illa|>liaiia l.illii'cpliMia Miiii'ciliir I.ilhi'cpliiira iiiiiiata Prinecpliora lialfcala AlihriijilHiriila. I'alaplircdi'N riiicta i'alapliroili'Nolisriiia ralaplii'iiili'N iri'i'giilariN I'alaplinidrH iililii|iia Pajju. I'lato ami li){iii'». ;«)B aOH :iO!i \\m 310 310 311 :m :U2 »i:t »i:i :il4 31 19; Ui 2: 13 4: 8 19: fi,17 7: 9 C: 32 2: 14,l.-> 7; 1.-. 19: 2,3 20: 5-7 fO: H 21: 19 21 : 17 20: 10,17 7: 7 II 13.11:9.11 I: 3,20,21 I: 1; 21:2 20: 15 20: 22 21 : 13 4,.'>,11,14 21; 3,H 20: n - ^S a _ ' > LoualitiuN where found. ^1^. . X . X ..: X 334 ;i3.-. 33.-. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X »i hi. ii I) X '• 21:18 X . at : a, In ; XI ■ ft ; X 21; 10 X . •SB •c- « •3 nool(>^ii'al iioi'izun. OlIgOCOIH).. .....lo ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .... M. T. C. 01i)J0C(MH' f oiim^ci'iK'.. Oligoi'ciie. ....do .... Olijjoccur. . ....do ....do ....do ....do .... ....do ....do ....do .... ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oligoccne ....do ....do ....do TABLK8— IlEMirXKKA. 6:}7 DlHTIIIIIUTION OK TIIK Hi'BCIKS WITH WllfCII TllKY ABB COMI'AKKD— ColltlllllUll, Kutwil HpecluH. ExiHtint: Hiii'cti'H, ^ NlUIIK of HllOCiL'M. Wbore i'uuiid. <• Hori/.on. C '1 Nuinu of H|ieuioH. Wburu liviiiK. .... ! .... 1 .... .... 1 .... • .... .... I > — 1 1 i 1 ! i i 1 1 1 i 1 .... ... ■■■ .1 .|... . — • 1 17 IH 11> ao ai ■J:i u:j 24 as 26 27 2H 20 •M :il :(2 33 34 3r. 3G 038 TliUTlAUV INSECTS OF NOltTU AMKUIOA. HVttTKMATIO LiHT OK TIIK H|>KCIK8 I)KMCI(IIIRI) IN IIIK I'llKKKM' WollK, KTC.— ColltlnUud. 8yNt4iiiiatiu livt uf HpouiuM, (jroupH, {{cuuru, and bihioIoh. <) 10 11 Vi 13 14 15 1*> 17 li^ H> ao a I aa 2:1 ai af) 27 39 I Jphrophnrida— dm I'alaphroilfa trniiBwriiii A|iliri>|i1iora h|) t'luHl(i|it«ra ciiiiiNtoi'ki I HKTEKOPTKKA. ' CimixiD.K. rnmlgara tlubplliim Corixa varidiizi'i'i Corixa iiimicrHa NoTOXKCTIII.E. Notonucta ciin'rHoni (jIaI.OI'I.ID.E. Necygoiiii8 rutniKlntiitt VKuu>.e. I'alatuveliaBiiiiioHn ■Stvnuvelia nigra HVDItOIIATlD.t:. TeliuatrocliiiH dtali Toluiatri'i'liim iiaralli^liiit MetroUatega-teriialiH Kkduviidji:. Eotliex elegaiiH TaguludcH iiicnnm 'riN 1:. LyctocoriN turrt-im ('Arsiii.f:. Cl<>Hter»ci>ris<'lf};iiiiH Carinvlim grnvatiisi Carnirlim ite|>()Hitii8 FiiiiL'ii.s faiatiiH ]'ii>(>iloca]i8im l'ri-iiii>ntii I'lruilocajimiH vctcraniluH I'lroilocapHim vi'tprnoMiiH V ilo(:i|)NUh taliidiig ril'cilucapsllN IIHtl'IltllH CaiwUHobfH IcfactiiH I'agiv :<4ki a4; 7 X ■MM a4: 10 X ■MA a 1 : <; X MX, **'2 ' '» X :«>r> -M: :i X ■M'A\ ■J\: U X :«.7 y ■Mn at : ri X :ww a 1 : a y :!tiH a:i: 1:1 X .{ \-l- TABLKS— [lEMll'TIillA. 639 DiHTKlllI'TION Of TIIK HI-KC1K8 WITH WHICH TllKY UIU CoMI'AKItl>— t'olltlUllml. KtlHHil H|ieciuH. ExIntliiH H|H«viu8, Wlioro fuuud. Ilorizou. 1 Whuru Uviiif(, 1 .. ^; C, intt'rruptiiSa.v.. C.hflluimiiHithlb.. Uuitud HtutoH.. Kurope t llyB-reiiiisiHfi^ivv.) Atlautio StatuH. 1 ! 1 ! 1 1 i ■ 1 1 , . . i 1 ■ ; 1 1 i ' i i (j IMiyt. involutUH Qtirrii . do Ualtio umber, ill) Ligiiriau .. ..do c C parvuH Dist .... ....do Coil. America . . do j ! P. ormitulim (Stal.) Mexico t P. frcmoiitii ScudU Florissant . . . ... - i,... 1 1 4 & U 7 8 '.) 10 11 \'i 13 14 15 IG 17 Iri 19 •40 21 li2 23 24 20 2G 27 28 25) I 640 ThilTlAUY INttKCTtt UF NOUTU AMUUICA. HVKrKMArtr r.INT ny TMK NI'KCIKM DRMCIilllKIt IN tllr rilRMKNT WiillK, KTO.— ContilllliMl. Hyiiloiiiatlo lUt of Hpflcioit OroiiiiN, Kunura, iiiiil H|Mi('iihiii,I':— C'ltiitiiiiiuil I CapNIIH lllCllH 'J A|Hir<'iiiJk |irii'Htrlrtiini :l IIikII'UIII'IIIII t'itllTCNI'lMIN I'llYSAI-OKKH ■I Mi'liiiintliripN rxtiiK-tn :■ l.illiiiil<)tlirl|m vfftuat* li I'lilii'iilliripN fiiHNiliit Uxii.y.w.r.. I l.jiijivinii 7 LyK"'''<"''■'* H L,V((II'IIN (lIlHIlloHCI'IlK. ... t) !.}};'■''>'* rii'i'iilKiitiiN 10 N.VNiiiN viiictiiH U NyHiiiit vt't'iiln Vi NyitiiiH tritiin l:i NyNiiiH li-rrii' U Nyiiiim Hirufim l,''! (ffocoriii iiil'«rniiriiiii lUiliaimiHa, It! I'riirropliiiiM ('iitiiiiiuniii 17 I'l'iHTopliiiiN coHtaliM Iri I'roi'riipliitiH Iuii^iii'Iih ,l/yi"f(><7iiNri I'.l l.i);yril»THllii'iii>N i\v TiiK ,si'i;(ii:s Willi Willi II Tin v uik Cn.Mi'Uir.K -CiHitlniiiMl. KonmII n wvivn. KxllitlllK N mnlim. ^1 Niiiiir o| MpfvicH, VVIit-m I'oMt.il. Htti'i/.ort. NllMIC III' M|lful«H, WIllTK liviliu, 1 U :i 4 n (1 7 8 V 10 u l!i 19 14 15 ir. .... 1 II. iiillltiii'iN rill.. 1 WoMternU.H .. i ._i . ■■■■| 1 i 1 ,^ i .... \ 1 !■■■• .... i • .... 18 10 •.'1 1 : ! ! ( ' "( 1 \ 1 2.'-) a? 28 20 :!0 :ii :i2 1 ' 1 i : r-- i : i 1 1 ; i , 1 i 1 '.".'.'.''.z':z::::::::/::::.:::z^ viir. XIII 11 WM Ml -M I ' i w. M I I;- 642 TEUTIAUY rNSK(3TS OF NOKTII AMKUIOA. .SVSTKMATIi' I.IST (IK TIIK. Sri'.CIKS l)i:sil!Illi:il IN TIIK I'llKSKNT \Vl>UK, I'.TO. — CotllinilCMl. Syntonintic list of ppccioH. Groups, gvneri), and HiiccicM. :» 4 r. 6 7 8 (7(iH(i — Con I '<1, 'rrapfZonotiiH stygiuliK Lcuiiica lioliiu'sii Liiiiiii'a piitiiiimi Liniiii'ff aliolita Linnii'a farccratu LiTiiiifa cvolnta ; Linuita gravida RliyparochroiiiiiN vorrillii Pacliyiiipriis potrcnNis TiroiiiiTiiH tiirpffactiis Tiromei 118 taliitlnim Litliocliriiimis gardncii l^itliorliioiiiiiN oliHti'irtiiN LitliocliroMiiiH iiioi tiiarlii8 LithochroimiH extriiiii'iiH Coiitiirhroiiiiis iiiaiiiii!ii I'rdlygii'UM iiiuiidatiis Necrocliroin'is cockcrrlli Nocrocliroiiins labatns Nt'rioi'liroiiitis Huxit'ii MS Kxi trills <'XHaiiij;iiiw Cryptoc'liroiim.H letatiiK I'lirrlioiorinn. ItyHdt'rcii« ci net 118 Dysdercns iinicolor CoHF.iru:. ^'ort-hiti. Aimsa prisro|iiiticla Aclirestocoris ciiiiirariiis I'hthiiKK'oris '.:....«;d— C'outiuitod. Fossil 8] c'cics. Mr «1 ExiBting Bpecies. :t u Ft Niitiii' (il'specieH. Where CoiiikI. llorizciii. Naiiio ot'H|i»H'i«8. Whom living. I O Pacli. fascintiiH Ilccr .. Piifli. piilclioUiis llll T . Aix .- .1.. Li^iiriati f o ...do \\ " /[ f, 1 (( ' 7 .::: ............... [ K i i ' t) ■ 1 ■ ■ 10 i ' 11 ' 1'> i 1 rt 14 I 1 I'l t 1 i 16 !• 1 17 -• ! 1H ', 1<) I j , , ; '?0 1 ' ' "1 'W i O'l 1 t »1 •") 'T) 1 •>7 i • 9H 1 1 t ; »<» ■ ' i.... 1(1 '11 ' •\'> i 1 •n i w L.J i i....i nr> «U4 TKItTIAUV INSI'XITS OF NOUTIl AMKRIOA. SV.SIKMATIC I.isr OK TIIK Si'KCIKS DkSCHIIU'.O IX lilK I'UKSKNT WOKK, KT(%— t'ollt illliwl. M Systeimitit' list of HpetifM, licicaliticit wlicru I'iiiiikI. (iroiipH, i;i'iii'ra, itiiil H|ii'rieN I ;f 8 <» 10 II I'.' n 14 i:> It; 17 19 ^1 22 23 21 2.". 2'.l ltd -.11 ;m Cvilaiiiim niliiiHtiiN . r:iriMliiriiiistiis uliscisMii!* .. I'aroilunnihtiiM railiii'iis I'arodiiriiiiHtiis cnllisuN. I'aroiliinniKtus il.'li'ctiis . raioilaniiiHtiiM i>\aiiiiiiatiis. ParodanniHtns iiiliiliitiiN I'rolfiior iinlinc'illU . TeiKir «p<0:',iii'ii' Ktircn'oris iiifcriialiH. l{ln'iiiiioriH i)ni'te('tim . Ulii'piicoriH niacrt'NciMiH . Iflii'pocorm pni'vali'im. Hlirpocoris pri>piiii|naiii< hhepiicoriH miiiiiiia Ortliriooorisa Ioii|i;ip«'» I'liiiiilojihtiiiiia. Ili'i'ila yiilosa Ht'tTJa lapidoHu . Hceria Cii'da Ciiriiida. t'ciriziiH I claliiH Coriziis aliililiviiH Ciiriziis MMiiiiiiriiiiK. CorizUN ){iitt:itiiH . I'KNTATOMln.K. Cjiilnida. SliMioprlta |iinic til lata l'lll(\(llMI'< IHiillllH I'riM'ydiiiiH dtllH. I'mrvdniiH ridiiiiiiiM . rriHvdiiiis \r>|i<'niH riMc\ diiii'* tatdiii . l'ro<'\diiii-< main 11 la HUH Ni'croi'j '!iiii'< '• iili'MiiiiiH NccicM ydiMw (jii'.iiiii'iiNiH ... Ni^rriHJtlliilM It.iprliH nil I4t) III III 442 442 443 444 44.-. ii:> 2>'; ir. 7: lit 7 : 22 X X (»li)jiii'i-in> do do .lo do (lo do in iiii; I'ltHSKNT Woiiii, ivrc— Ccinliiiiii'il. Systeiimtiu lint nfajit'ciitH, Localilii'S whiru I'liiiiid. Groiipi), generii, ami HiircicH. ,. IMat. ,M„I |^M = liftiii'f. ,i .- 3 i 1=^ > ^ o (ii'()liij;ical horizon. i : :i 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 la 13 14 15 If. 17 H 19 ao 21 aa 2» 26 27 28 21t •M 31 32 3;{ Ci/dnida—Coni'A. .N'eiToi'jdiius Ht vjiius 440 Necroeycliiiis nin.vi'.mint 4 l(> XoiTocydiuiH wMiior 447 Ni'orocjdiiiis soliilatiiH 447 Ni!cro(!jdiiii.s rfviMlM.s 44rt Thlibonu'ims iit'tri'iiH 449 ThliboiinMiii" ;>arviiH 449 Thlihoincnns prriMiu'itiis 450 ThlihoiiiciiiiM liiiiiisiis 4r>0 ThliboiiieiiiiH inact'r 4.")l CyrtoiiU'iiiiM c'oiiciiinim 4")! UiscoBtoniii up I.VJ riiiiiiitiiiiidii. Ttdcosihisliis aiitii|iiii:i 4r)4 Ti'h'oschistii.s rigoraliin 4."iti TcleoHidiiHtiis phicatiiM 4,'>7 ThiH'toBchistii.H reviilsiiH it^ PotoschisliiH obiiiililliis 45r* CacowdiihluH iiiaci'iialUH 4.'i9 Mutii'OM'hiistiiH liiniguniis 4tiO PolioBchiNliiM ll};atiiN 4(il Pidiow hist IIS hi|iiilariii« Hil I'l'iitaliiriiilri fiiliaiiiiri 4l>- TiroHcliistiiM iiicliiiiNiciis 4t'>l! 'rhliiiiiiiosi Iii.itii.i j-iavidaliis 4(i3 Mi'coci 'phahi Np 4(>4 COLBOPTERA K1IV.\('II<)I'1|(I|;a. ANTiiliimii I.. rhoraj^Ms liitilis 41)5 Hra<,-bylar»iis prist i huh ItKl CratopariH ri'iM-vtiis Itiii ('ratcipaii- I'liisiiH 4(17 JIoniiiBOim [lartitiis Iii* Sroi.Yriii.i:. | ITyhiittus h<|iialidrMs 40ci IliyiK < it's iiiipn's-iis 47(1 UrvociftoscarbDiianiis 470 28: k; •>•*; 13 u.; 23 •J.- : 12 7: It 22 : 1) 2: 17-19 2^: M X 2>: 3 X 2- : (! X 21: 18 X 21: 2 X 21: 7 X 2H: 10 X 2.1: 1 X 22; 4 y 2-: 11,19 X 2-1 : .1 X 1:9 .. .. X 7: 20 . .. X 1: 4 ,. .. X H: 40 .. .- X i: 17 . .. X 1 2:u2:. . 1 : 21 .. X 8: oL. .. X Q. » 1 (S 1 s o j OliKocpnc .do .. .do do '• '....ilo .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Dlinoei'iio ...do.... ...do.... ...do.... ...do .... ...do... ...do.... ...do.... ...do... ...do.... ...do du. s.n. Ph'istoct'im < )liHOCI!lll' . ....do (il i. ^m TABLES— OOriKOPTEHA. DlSTBinuTloN OK THK SPECIK8 WITU WHC^H Thev akk CoMPAliBU— Continued. 647 Fossil HpeoioH. EziHtiiig Hpucius. 1 ' ! 1 Name of species. Wlieru found. H Hori/.on. £ § ^2 Name of species. Where living. 1 ' i 1 "' • » t 4 '"•**■"■■*"*"■ 5 6 7 1 ... 1 8 ....i I) 10 U 12 .... ...J o C. iiiiraliilisl'erly . nnizil , 13 14 15 16 17 18 ,.... 19 .... 20 21 i---- 1 22 i 1 23 1 24 1 25 ' [ 26 27 ('. liiMiidiH (Kiibr.) Eastern U. S .. 128 129 ! ;!0 i " i i ; 1 31 ]'" I). .•itt'abor(Maun.) .' Boreal America 32 i .. t 1 33 048 TKIiTlAKV INSH(!TS OK NORTH AMKIMCA. SVMKMAIIC 1. 1-1 (i| nil: Sl'KllKS l)KS(l!IMr.|i IN IIIK ritKSKNI UculK, K IC. - I'llllMlllltl SyHttMiiittiu list otHliticioH. l,lll1aUll(^s wlii'in tuiinil. T ,, 11. i'liiti- anil ^S M rl X 6 "aQ S -a I* p is ! aa M: :i u . ;|H. t J I : 7,:i.". -: •ill Ci'iccruoxiD.i;. ! I t'r.vptorli.vmliiiH iiniiiisiiH ITl ■J (iviiiiulidii 111 ciiiici ri -:'Jii ;i Aiillitiniiiniii M>|ii>iiis 17- - : Iti 4 i HyloliiiiM iiiiivi'iliis IT.! ■• : 117,11 r> I.istriiiiDtiiN iiiiiiatiis 471 tJ: "J.! 6 Kiitiniiis piiiiiiirilialis 174 .'•; lu'.l, lU'.la (Iriiiuiivxiiiii) i;. ! I T Kiiiliuioniis iiTiiiHiis t7r> f'-.'i'.i H Taiiyiiieiiis st'riiliiniiii I7.'i ■<; -i,; '.( Olidrliyiii'luiH perililiiN 4;ii 8 : sifi 10 Olioilijiiilius tiiiiiliir 477 H:l;i 11 Oplir.va.-ti-s iiiiiipartiis 477 S; :!'.! I'.' Kpiiarim Na\atilis 47-; :■ ; :!.l,;!4,:ill 111 Kpirariis rxaiiiiiiis 47'.> 14 EpicHTiiH rllii.-.sii> IHll ; Km M iiirih I-. ir> Kiij;iiaiiiptim j;raiiil:r\ ii> 4-1 lii i:ii);Maiiipliis \-i ' iii:Ti:ii(iMi;i;A. I Hlllril'lloKIK K. !7 lililpiplini IIS ;;i'ikii'i 4—-' ri:Ni;i!i:li>Mli i:. !■< Tfiirliriii |iniiii;;riiHi.s 4"^:i 1,1 111 nrlMi> aiiilis ._ 1-4 , riivroriiAiiA ('llKYM>.\li;i III l:. «(J fialcnui lla pirn K. ai ('rypio <'|ili;iliis vftiisiiis 4-.'i SV DoiiarlaNlii'ia I-.. •j:! Diuiacia piiiiipalira l-i. I.A.MII.I.ll nliMA ; ScAii \ii 1111 1.. •i\ Trox iiiiBlali'ti I*" !t") AplioiliiiH priM'iirsor 4~~ •Jli .K;j;ial'a nipta l-',t »'7 , i'|i,iii.i lis aiitii|iiiis I-',) 'iti I I'liuTliliiiiii 1' I Ml I ill II 111 4',iu X .... X|.... X |.... X .... (icoloKJi'ul liiii'li'.iiii. .1. X X X X X X i X X X X ; Oligoceuo ....ill. ....ilo ilo ...ilo ! Olijjoceiief... 1 I X IJ I I Iv I I •J: :!1 ... . 7 ; j;i, :'- .... : I ; JH 1 : :!:t,:i4 1: II .... -: Ul .... 1 1-J 14 .... 1: lK_.w ....! ()llj{ M, : 1*. K. I'li'istocciit) . ...| ()li;;i>ri'iiB . P. K. I'liisliici'iie I'. K llo T TABLKS-OULKOl'TKKA. 649 DiMTKIIIL'TIIlN OK Till': Sl'liCIKS \V I I IL WHICH 'I'lll-.Y AIIK (,'(|MI'A11KI>— ColltHHK'll. FoMHil Hpocies, Nuiiu) of Hpvcius. Where fiiuiid. Hni'i/.Dii. KxiHting il|)uvit'^<. 1^ B. .Naiiii' (i('M|it'ciea. Where liviiiK. ! i 10 n 18 19 T. iiiolilor (Liuii. ).. Eurdpc, N. Aiiier. •-" (i. iiiaiitiiiia Lc(J. .. Atlantic (States j 20 ! ('. viim.xtiis Kabr... Eastern I'. S ; 21 I), iiorosicolli.s l.ae.. J^ake Sii|).,N. Kiijj;!. i 'i'i ! I). iMiliieollis SiiU'r.. Illiiioi.s 23 24 25 26 27 28 A.ruriiola Mel.sh... Aiitlio.sti to La. 1'. pinto HaroUl ! Arizona, Mexico 650 THKTIAHY INSl^OTS OF NUUTH AMKKICA. Svsii:mai'ic I.ihi' uc nil: SI'kciks Dkhciiiiikk in 'niK I'liKsiisi' Wokk, ktc— (-'oiitiiuied. SyHti'iiiiitic IIhI iilNiM'rii'n. liiiuulitiiw wlii'i'r rmiiKl, (iriiii)iM,K>'iifia, and h)Ht('ii'n. I'l^f. - If ' Si I 4 l-i I'liiti- anil '^5j«g M ' .'Z S.f O .£ r= H: 94 SKRIMCORNIA. I'llMP.l:. 1 I Aiioliiiiin >>val)< VM '.2 ! AiKiliiiiiii ilccfiitMiii \ 4! i Kl.AIKIMIi.l:. ! I 8 ! OxyKOiiii.mniirtiiii« liMI .">: lln, III 9 : Cory 111 III 1 4M M'latiiH I'.Mi -: 1 .... X d: 18 „..; X •c s I S' OfuluKlcal liiirizon. X |... X ... Oligocoiie... ....do . ... do ....do •,'; V.M.-,':. N. •,>: •.•!; ....i N. :iii :ii. .... X T: 'j:! . ., 10 C'n'|it(ili\ piiiis lirii'ntriH I'.'T 11 r,|ii|iliaiii.-< (lilrliis 1-.' Klalciula' sp UtH •.' : -.'rt I CI.AVICOKNIA. i HYi!iimi..K i lit NiisimIi'IIiIihII tlit.lVIIIll r.l'.i NlTIKCI.ll> I . II riii'iiiilia iiirupax I'.l'.l l.'i rr(iriii-iii|ii,i ilcpili-. r>li(i I'llVl'IOI'llAlilD !;. I It' .\Mlliiiii|iliaj;ii!t pi ImUs Tilll T:'JI,llfi|. Ct Cf.MD.v:. 17 I'ai.iiiiliita \i hiita .'lUl , 7:41 I KlloTYI.lli.l . I H .Mvcciin-iiix liiii(ilani> fill-J 7: llll SiAi'in I iMi' 1 , I ii.ci)iiliiii. lit Oxjt((liis jiristliiiis Oli^ouuiief . Ollgiicuiit< . . N. 4;t- .-iMlH.lU ........IX I Ollgoceuof . N. 50:J .'.: IIO-ISW ao Hlfiliiis ailaiiiiiK Wl( ! 21 HIeililiit tiliM'iutllH .'lUri IW <)X> pill lis htirlilcll.s .')(!.'. I'll ill r hi i. '2'.\ Latlil'oliiiiiii aliHi i'»«iiiii TiOfi •i\ I.atliliiliiillii iiiti'l).'lai j.ilr ' r>0(i ! SUijihiiliiiiiii. I I Wi'i l.i'iHliitropliiiN palriaii'lilniH 507 SJU , yuidius rhmubifliui I (m H: 10 1 : :i:i I : :!l! ir.,21 1: Ari Ollgoueiie .. Oligooeuo .. — do Ollgoceoe .. • I OllKoceiif) .. I \ ■ 01i){l«TIIIIUITH>N OK IIIK Sl'KflK.S Wild WIIICII TllKY Alll: Cl iMl'Mtlill -('"lit illlll'd. KoHHil gpeoieH. 3 NaiiiK of H|)('vii^N, I Wliuri' louiiil. KxiHtiiiK KpuuiuH. Iliiriziiii. £ 5 its 3g II. Hi'iu'ctii Muyd. .. i 8iubluH . do ! (li) .. ....«'iini.s I. Kastcrii U. .S Irt ! (). iiiHDsiiH ((irav) I Atlaii. States; Km-. Ill li. iiiiinilarin l.ft; Nmlli Aiiii'iica 1*40 ( ; H, I. l.lC New Vol! . I ' I,, .■li)iij;al 111111,1.. ) - Kiuoim . I ^ ^j, utamlv LkC Lake Slip, to N. C •a •a •Hi m i t 652 TEHTIAUV INSKCTH OK NORTH AMKKKJA. HVHTKM.Mll' I.IHI "I- IIIK Sl'KlIK'* llt>Cllllli:i> I \ IIIK. I'llKNllM- Wollk, KIT,— CulltlUIIUll. l.iH'ulitit'N wliiTK t'oiinil. >\vi . . .'lOll .. r.iii |j:i. IJ4 -; II I ? .! ' ".2 5 o>'\ t !i = fa GenloKlcal liiir till. ^i« X X X X . X X X X X 3 Oyropliii'nii Niixiii'lu :l lliiMialola ii rj?ia 4 Sl/i|i|ivliiiilrH iiliNiili'tiiiii llYiiuiii'iiii.iii>:. I Sjihiiridi'nii, | r> Cerryoii ti'rrin<'iia 'ild "J: 'Jl lljidniliiini. I! Il,vliiii>< ili'i'JiM'iatiiM Till "; 'J7 '• llyili'iiliiiis riiiitixns 'ill T: 'J'l ... rt rliilliviliiiN |iriiiia'\ UN .'ilJ ": ,"i ;i riiilli\iliii» x|P|i fit'.' 10 Lacrcihiiis i'liili)!atllH "illl 7 'JT, '»'■ I: 47 1(1 llyclrocliiiH IrliitilH .Mil •" : II 17 IIflii|ilionis lincscciiH .'ilil 1 : .'ill ! I ItVTIHClK.t:. I I ' f.UKiiiihiliiii. ' ' 1« I.aici)|iliiliiM Kp • r.l7 .'■: 1111,117 iCMiADII".!.. I hlti inini. I'.l CliNi'iiiiH piiiiciiilaliiM I •'>I7 I: l.ili iiii. 'it) Cyiiiimlis aurora i .MH I: tl .. I I'liiliinnii. j j 21 PlatymiK MMicx ."ilo 7::i8 .. '.".i I'latviiUH casiiH .')1'.) I , 4'i i... 1 I •J:t rialyiius IiIikIcI ,V.>ii 1 ; .'14 .....i... ■ii I'latyiiiiH lialli ".•Jn I: II |....... ■J.'i I'lutyiius iliNwipatim .V,'l 1: 117 j •,'H I'latyiMiN ilrMictiiH ,V,'l il t 4;!,.'>1,58 j j... •-'7 I'latjnu.s liarttii I .V^J i 1 : :U j....'... •ja I PlatyiiUH ciuHiiH 5-,"J I 7:;t4! ! x 01 i|{<)ct. halli. ... ! |....il(. '^ II. siilii iiiii'ciisK'mihI. Lalu- Sii|>. wiiuIi« il. l.'i 10 ■^^ 11. tiiliriruliiliiMtJ . . Niii'.r. S. • Sfiiml'Mi. j 17 o r. Iiiilll i Sciirlioro i rielHtoL'fiie . . },. liiarillii.siisdci'iii, ! ('. Iiitii'cilli-, Sa.v..; LakiiSiip. tiilia ... 18 \. Y. loKla.,.\riz.. ! lU C. amoriiaiia 1'''.)., Ni'"" Vork ^' I'. vnriolatiiHl.cC'. ! C'alifmiiin P. nil)r,l)i'sZiiiiiii. XIiil.Stat".s to Kunn. ° Do. .. Siarlioii) rii'l.stoceiic I ' 1'. civiiistrialiisLcC ....ill ....111 .(li) .do ...ilo Wrsteiii SlatCH ... ..lo 22 2;{ 'M 25 20 27 28 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ".I 1.25 ri|28 150 '*^~ 1^ ^ 1^ 112.0 1^ iiA 1.8 U IIIIII.6 V V. Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 873-4503 «-■ «>^ ^ ...^i /A ^o 654 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. .Sysikmatu' List nv tiik Species Drsckiukk in the Piiksent Work, ktc— Cotitiiiiiocl. Sj'HtoiiiHtic Imt of HpecieH. Qroiips, (;euera, and Hpccios. Pa>,'<' Plate mill tigUTO. 524 r.25 Ai'iiijni. Diplocliilii licusliawi Dicu-liiN aliilacoiiH Dira-liis sp rieroslichiiii. PtcroHticliimaliriisatiis | 5"^ Plero-ticliiiH tloniiitauH 5iJfi PtiTosticlius 3C PleroBticliiis fraol n» r>'27 Pterosticlins (Icstnictiis , s s B " t-. iis a o Pterostichiis »p 52!* I'ogoiihii. I la : Patiobimfii'liitiis I 530 j Jlembiiliini. \ l;i Ueiiil)i:il Xihrihii. Ifi Nebria pali'itiiifhi 5:w Ltirhiriiii, 17 \ Lnricera glaoialiN ! 53S 18 \ Loricera liitosa 533 I ICIiiphrini. I IS) : KlaphriiH irrcgiilariH 534 Carahiiii, HO Ki'otbaiieg ti'Ntt'iis Cyrliriiii. i j 21 Cycbrns wbi-atlcyi 5:t<) 2i j CvehniM minor 5:17 DIPTERA. CYCLOUHAPHA. LoN.i;. Loucbii-a HfiieKoenB 24 I'alloptrra morticina O HI A 1. 1 !).»:. 25 ! IJtburtaliHpirtu 23 539 540 541 1: 4^ 1 : 45 2: 20 I: 50.57 1: 32 1 : :.ti ■.:15 7: 32,39 1: 1 1: 2 3: IH 3: 15 h i _> '■J« IS 2 ■Si la ts P5 , P.K. I P.K. 8.O. 8.0. 8.O. (ieological horizon. Oligouone PU'iMtouene.. ...do Pleistocene . ...do do 8.0 do S.O. 8.O. P.K. ....do ...do ....do . P.K. I... .do S. O. lUeiatoctMie . i I I Oligoi't'iie f . iS. O. Plristocciio . !s. O. i....do I ' S. O. Pli'lHtoceno . S. O do 3; 10,1(1 ....I....1....I y. .S.O. I'liiNtoccue.. Oligocuue... P. K. i l*lt>ifitocene . P.K. ....do .. 1 4- ^8. i ] I I ■r TABLES— DIPTERA. 655 DisTHliitrrioN ok tiik Si-kciks with which Thkv auk (Jompaiiki)— CcSMtiiiiu'il. KoHBil HpecieH. I Naiiieof Hpuoicg, KxiHtiii); gpuciex. VVlioro (imnil. '■ llonzoii. ^ § Xiiiiu' lit KiMifiies. Whore liviiij;. • j ! I I U. major Lo C D. (liliitatus Say... Southern II. S U.S.cast ofGt. PIm .... D. oloiigatiifi Hr)ii..i do P. herculaiieuhManu! Pac. coant, Hi. Am — i 4 P.ln'tnlusLe C ' (Jal P. decti tutus . ! ! P.siivi Iiriill(? : All. and West. States .. Scarboro I'leiHtoceiu' !! • 1'. iiatniulis Dcj X.V., Mid. States ! P. ImdNoiiicnsLeC ; Itiidson Bay 6 7 8 9 10 U P. seiiteiitiioiii.sDi'j. >'()r. Kiir.; Arctic Am .. | 12 IJ. iuuMiualeSny i Northern I '. S l;l ! j B. IdnKiiInm I'eC' LilicSwperior; N. Y — 14 ! I B. conKtrictumSay ., New Euglaud 15 10 L. ciurnU'Kci'iisLinn. Hor.Ani.iV Kiir.; Siberia. 17 i 18 ! ^ K. viridis Horn Caiiforniii 19 I i C. viduus Dcj C.audrewsli Harr Pennsylvania Central Atlantic States. ao 22 23 24 25 B56 TERTIAUV INSECTS OF NORTH .\MEUICA. Systkmath; List ok tiik Spkcies Dbsckiiikd in thk Pkesknt Wokk, ktc— Contliiiiml. Syatematio list of speoieg. Gronps, ((eueru, auil wpeciPH. Page. r>4 ' 24, «M, x«. 5 ,»: ;.».». 90, 1 I XI.XI. ] 10: 5 »: 1,2 5: 76 54H :l: JO 541( :t: :(4 ^^1 i ^..i}:^:{Si) .'•): in(i, 1118 5 : ra, u. KL lur r.: 77 :> : W. HI . W. l(Ht I 100 .'.at 5:>:t ri^4 554 r>:i4 SrioVYZin.K. 1 Sei iiii.vza rvvt-latn ' 548 2 . Suioniy za iiiaiicii .'i4:< 3 Si'ioiiiyza clUji'i'tn 4 Scioinyza sp I Hklomv/ulK, 5 Heteromyza m-nilis C Heteroiiiyza detocta AxriioMYlK.K, 7 Aiitbumyia iiiniiiiiinta 8 Aiitlioinyia hiir^jcssi Mr.scio.K •) Miisca aiteariili's 10 MiiKca Uiliona 11 MiiHca »p 12 Alii.tea hydropica i:t Muiica vinciilata 14 MiiHcu spp Tachixid.i:. 15 Tachiiia Hp ri.ATYi'KZIll.K, If) (Jalluinyia tnrporata CO.NOPID.E. 17 Poliomyia ncta SYiti'iiin.K. H Milcaia iiiiadrata IK KriNtalis lapidons , 20 Syrpliiis sp ai Cliilosia aiiipla , ii2 Cliilo^ia sp 83 OUilosia »p .^ 'M Psil^ta tabidosa ar> SyrpLldiH h]. I ORniOKIIAPHA, ' DnLICIHU'ODIIl.E. •J() Dolieliopus up Cyimiip i;. ! a* Acrocera hirsiila ; SOU A8iLii>.i:. 2H 8t«nncincli8 aiioiiiala r>,j8 5:.9 r>r>9 r«i 561 561 562 :m 9: 11 556 0: lU.ai 0: l:i j 5: 48,41) !•: 14, -27 '.»: 26 0: H O: !» 10 : it 6 3C S 6 i o QeoloKical lioriziiii. 01ij;occne . -do. .do Oligoct'iie f X X X X X X X I. Oligoceiiu . . OliKUceiiH t Oligocene . . X \ OUgocoiiH T . . X Oligoct'iic ? . X : I Oligiiceiir f .. X i 1 Oligoct'ut! f .. X ' I Oligoceiie T . . X ! I i Oligdcene t . . X -• ; Oljjjoceiio i ; ' X I — i Oligoccni'.... Oli;;oceiie.... Oligoceiie.... Oligocenu ? .. Oligoceiie.... ...do ...do ...do do ....do ^^. TABLES— DirTERA. ©57 DlSTHIBl'TION OF THE Bl'F.CIKS WITH WHICH TllEY ARB CoMPAKED— CoDtiimed. Foasil gpeoiea. Existing speoieH. Name of Bpeoies. Where fonnd. Horizou. Name of Hp-iies. Wbereliviug. I <} •) ,) 5 A 7 8 q in 11 1« 1 If , i 14 15 1H 17 ■ 18 19 •iO 1 '» n 'fi w 9f» , 97 2fl VOL XIII 42 mm 1 668 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. SVBTKMATic LiBT ov THK 8PECIK8 Dkscuibrd IN TiiK Phbsknt Work, ktc— Contiuued. Synteinatic list of Hpecies. Oroups, geuera, aud HpecieH. 1 'i 3 4 fi 6 7 8 9 IC II la 13 14 l.-i lii 17 18 19 20 21 'ii •j;t ^4 25 2(> 27 2H ••".t :tO 31 32 33 AsiLlDiK- (.'oiitiniivd. StenocincliH sp AHJlidiu sp Sthatiomyid.k. Litliophysa tuinulta AHarconi} ia cadaver TlPULID*. Dicranoioy ia stignuwu Dicraiioiiiyia priniitiva Dicranouiyia roHtritta Spiludoiiiyiu Hiiiiplex , Prouophlebia rodiviva Cyttaroinyiu fvneHtrata Tipiila dfcTupita Tipiila tecta Tipulii Hptdiata Tipiilu iwpiilcbri ClIIKONOMIDJi:. Cbironoiiius HcptUH CliironoiiiiiH depIetUH Cliirunoiinm puteim CliiniuonmH Hp . . Cliiroiiomidin sp C'liiruuoiniila' np Cbironoiiiidji- np .. CfLICID.K. Ciilex damnatoruni C'ulex proavitiiH Coretbra oxita BliiioMi)^:. Flecia muiilkutuei'ua Piecia peulei Plecia dejecta MYCETUPIIIMD.f:. Sciara deperdita Sciara Hcopiili Mycetiipbila occitltata Aiiatella taoitu Trichonta da\v8i)iii Rytiiubia Htraiigiiluta Pane. 5*KI 5C7 rm 5/0 .571 573 574 .'>75 r)76 .'■.77 .'■.77 ,'■.78 Plate and flgnre. Loealitiea when; found. a \> So CO o 10: 15 .'-, ! ,'■.78 r.7l> ,'■.80 r.81 Ml ,'Wl .-)82 .582 MA 583 585 586 586 588 589 .5!t0 ,590 9: 31 9: 17 il«.17. »-t7.l U. M.W. W) • : W. ll.«6-«7 :: 40. 4I,<3. il 5: 37, ,!8 5: 39 5: 78 5: ,■■.«>, .57 5: 46,47 10: 4 10: 1 10: 8 5: 62 18,19,28 5: :W,33 5 : 24 10: 14 5: 8,9 5: 22,23 3: 20-22 <: 9.3,10-11 10: 17 3: 17 . Ill: 16 ■ ^ : 44. 4.'>. M. U ■ 10: 13 . 3: 12,13 I. 10: 2 . I 6 •c » Geological borizon. .do. Oligocene. ....do Oligocene t Oligocene... Oligocene t Oligocene t Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene T Oligocene.., ....do I Oligocene.. Oligocene f OligfHieue f Oligocene.. Oligocene f Oligocene f Oligocene t Oligocene... Oligocene 1 Oligocene t 8. T.C. i Oligocene t ; Oligocene. Q. Oligocene... Oligocene f . Oligocene... Q. .do. TABLKS— DIPTEKA. fi59 0I8TKIBI:TI0N ok TIIK Sl'KflKM WITH Wlllt'll 'i'llKY AUK C'oMI'AltKD— (,'oiltilllieil. FoHlil MpUl^iuH. KxiHtiug Hp(;oieH. II NuiiK) uf HpucieM. WUero I'miiiiiI. llori/oti. I^o Nuuui of sp() a;i "1 1 i : i .. 1 •>r, "fi "7 : 1 ! ° Sc. ungulata Wiiiii. Kuiopc "i '«) in "11 •(•> 1 1 ; :» 660 TKRTIAItY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. SvsrKMviu' List ok rifi'. Si-kciks Drackiiibd in tub Phkhkst Woiik, ktc— (Joiitliiiiuii. SyNtt'iiintiu liHt of HpecicN. LiiculititiN wlicro fiiuud. UroiipH, gi-iiura, uikI N|iiM:iiPHILII>.K-CoUt. Briu'lix |ii'/.a aliilii Ilriicliypt'zu pim'fi'ii OiiDiistti lU'iitiiiii liiilcliiiii Hi'pnltii Uiik'titiit iiiiiliriitirit Ilolc'tiiia p,ilii(livii;;a Sjukenia arciiiita j Sauki'iiiu »p j Saokfiiia Hp I A Mac li Ilia HP ' Siicipliila liyatlii Iiiaildcitlia ti'iiioila Mycftopliiliilii^Npp ('Kcii>(».Mvn>.»:. Lasioptera rin'oNa Lithiiiiiyi'a riiii.K. Icliiii'iiiniin pi'IriniiN LllhiiiiirnH i icKwiiii liliyHHaJiiM'iiih I'inipla saxca Piiiil.la Nini-ita I'liiipla ill lis. a • ilypla liaiisM'inalU KrlvtiiN IntaliiH 591 r> 5g«> r>9ii r.it7 (UlO i; (k)7 (i07 (i07 (illH ill 19 t>()9 titll till i;!-.' );;:! UI4 •A: 7,tf I.. ;{: U ,.. r.: 6,7 :i: 9 10: :< 10: 7 r>::<,4,i'.j,i:i :.: f.O Me 9: 1'^ 10: 10: 10.11 ill: \i if. -At-;!! r>: :i4-afl I.-.: 1-M7 X i. 10: •i\^,•i^ 10: -JO, :ti ■A: -Ai 10: !J9 :i: :i:( 10: |M |....; X ...| X 10: IM m a !S I a y. Ui-oUigiuul liurizoii. i y- Olidoceiiof Oli){ovuiio.. .....lo Oligoconet OII);<>('aMuT Oligoceiio.. ...do ...do ...do ...do X j I Oligocenuf X I ! I Olinoceiief y- X 1 t 01l);ocuiie.... 01it{ocene.... OliKoveuu OllgoL'unt) Oligovenu. .. .do. ... 10: 19 ....; X .... :i:2;. ....'....!.... :i; a9-:ii I !.... :i: •-'• I- 10: •-'.". 10: -iX X X ...do. y. y- ; I ^ I : i r):14,15 1 X ()lij{oc:i'iie f .. 10: 21 , X Oligoeeiie Oligoueno ....do I i m-~^ TABIilia— II YMKNOl'TKHA. 601 Di8Tiiinirricti>ii. OroiipH, gnnvrii, niid Npeclnri. I'»K«>. I'lat<< Hiiil tlftni'i', 016 615 10: tM LooalltluH where foiinil. i a 1 6 is 1=^ I* ! ACULKATA. MviiMiriii.K. I A|iliii'nii{{HNti't' luiiKii'Vit '■! .M yiiiii"ii Kji KoiiMlClD.t;. I :i ll,v|i(i('line» oblitoriila iiiK: lo|... •I Ki)riiii: 1,*J !,.,.{ .. i Si'iiKiiii) i:. I H j DidiiieiH Holiilpocoiiit ti-iti tU::tt)i.... x X i X It): «« ;...^ X i y. . X Oeotogioiil liorlzon. Oli({()c«iie . . . . OUgovene.... Olinocciui... Oli({o<'«n»f . Oligucene.. . IT f TABFiKS— UYMKNOl'TERA. 668 DlNTKIllUrlON OK TIIK Hi'K.OIKII WITH WHICH TllKV AIIK COMHAIIKO— ColltlllUeil. Komll «|)uolm. KxiHtiDK iip«ciea. '1 1 Nnniii of HpeoipH. • Wlierti found. BulUoitinber. Mortxon. •s| Nainii of H|ieoieH, Where liviiiK. A. berendti Mayr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! D. liinicornia Fabr. Enropn 8 i ^.^SK^i J^ L A T E S . V -.I J 8 1 ■ ,. m BI ■ ' ■ -' Wlk w •3 a^. TP } PLATE I i rr EXPLANATION OK I'J.ATK I. All tbe ilri'.aiiins were iimile by J. Henry Hluke. Fig. 1. (?) Cycliriis whratleyi Horn. 'i. (f ) Cyclinis minor Horn. :t. (f) I'tfroNtit'.luiH lii'vii;;>tUM Horn. 4. (f) I'terosticlinH lii'vif;ntnH Horn. .'>. (f) Pterosticlinsf m|>. •'• Ci) CyniindiH nsirora Horn. 7. (f) Clilifiiius imnctnlatiiH Horn. (f) Dieii'liis iilntmi'us Horn. (f) I)ic:i-luH ulntiictMi.t Horn. {}) Diet! Inn rtliitaoonH Horn. (Ii ) A;>lio. (l4r>l(l)(V') inedin»(,'laelatiig. ;tl>. ( 14.">.V.J) ( V ) OxypornN HtiriaenH. :)7. (14ri(>:!) ( t ) I'latynnMdiNHlputiiN. ;iH. (H'l.Vi; ( 'i") l.athrohinni interRliieiale. IIS). (Il-'iltih ('0 riero.HtichnN ahroKains. 411. ill.'kMi) 0;'') Meinhldinni Kl<>ci) (;) I'hityunH halli. ■li. (II.Vj;i) ("i IMiiiynim ciiNns. 4:1. 1 144-<*>) (0 I'hityniiH de.snetiiN. 44. (14."i*>) (^•) I'teroHtiehnsdcstitntUB. I.'i. (I4.'>IIU| (f) Itenihidinin fra);mentnin. 1(1. (14.">4'.M (") l'tero,stichn.s deslructHH. 17. (It.VU) Oi") Hydroi'hiiM aiiiiclii8. 4-'. ( iLVCi) ( " ) I'atrohnH k<'I'*1"'*' 4it. ( M.Vli*) ('") I'leroHtiehnN dorniitan.s. ."lO. (',") liorieera >;laoialiH. .')!. iU^'"*) ('■ 1 riatynns drHnetnN. .Vi. (\) rtiro.stichns nelidn». .">!!. ( M.VI.'i) ( ','■) Helopliorns ri^rewenH. .".I. (14.'.;!:t) (V) I'lalynn.s hindei. .'),">. vll"»i:t) I 'i") I'terostielnii* dorniitanH. .■>(). (14.VJ7) (',") KlaphrnH irre);ulariN. .'>7. ( l()41)i) ( 'I'O liinicera KlaeialiH. i">H. (14477) (V) I'latynnx deHuetnH. ">',». (") I'ti'rostiehnH ({vlidiiN. tiO. (ItUl'') (|) PterostichnH gelnlnN. til. ( 'i* ) rturoNtiehnH yrelidnH. 4 (ft 4 CJ S GEOLOGICAl. SURVEY 0['' THE lERKlTOH lES I'EHTIAKY rN.SK(.;r.S OF NflKril AmPIF^ICA PL 1 QuAitTKUNARv Bonk Cavkk ano Cl^ay Beus "-*=» i 'i*a V PLATE II. EXPLANATION OK IM.ATE II. All the (IrawiDKR were made by J. Hmry lilake, excepting Fig. r>, which Ib liy 8. H. Hciidder. Fig. 1. !2. U. 4. 5. 10. 11. ('40frD) (f ) Araaen (•(iliiinliiii-. (40aD) (Y) Araiivit cnliiiiihiii-. ('MD; (?) Head '>f a libclliiliue odonnti*. i'MaX)) (f > 8lHMiii|iliiM qiieNiieli. (34aD) it) SliciiaphiH i|iiei4ni-li. Part uf the neiiration, the veiiiH of (lie two over- lapping wiiigH iliHliiigiilMhiMl by lipjiig drawn, one wiih Holid, the other with broken lines). (19D) (<) (jlerancon pelronun. (146Crt) (f ) nothroDiicroninM laohlani. (36D) Cl) HothroniliTcnniiN Inchlani. (36D)(',"> MothroinivronuiH lurhlani. Kye and head appendageN. (StiDX'i") Knthromicrnniuttlachlani. Max- illary palpnH. (l.'tOriB) (7) TelmalrechiiN Niali. (7:il)) (f ) TelmatrechnN Hl&li. (75D) (?) Cu-lidia coIuinbiaDa. 670 Fig. 14. (tiuD) (f) Cereopig Melwyni, 15. (I.'>U72) ()) Cereopig solwyui. 10. (77D) (]) Planophlebia gigautea. 17. (14(i»(!t) (V)Tele) (t) Nebria pale elaH. ai. (.">7D) C)^) Cercyoii? terrigena. *J. ((ill)) (^) Trox oiiHtaleli. •rX (."ill)) Ci) Bnpre8ti» t«rtiaria. '.24. (4UD) (V) Kiiprestiiisaxigena. 'ifi. (15073) (V) Bnprestis saxigena. •H\. (o:PTi.it.s i;i'i ci- PLATE III ni EXI'LAJHATION «F PLATE III. All the (IrawiiiKH wer« iiiimIo by J. Hunry Ulaku, excepting k''i|{, 6, which I'l by 8. II. Soudder. Ki^. 1- (ID) (V) lleteriHiiyzaHHiiiliH. "i. (tl>)(f) HfttToinyza HetiiliH. ;». («!)) ( V) 8tii>ui.v/.ii ruvoluta. 4. (14071) (!) Hcloiiiyzu rfvulnlu. 5. ('iil*) (f ) Soioiiiyzu n-vulatit. 6. d) 8('iuiiiy/.a ruvulutit. Ru)tt<>rt>il. 7. (:5ri) ()} Uruvliypozii abila. 9. (iti)) 0) UoletiiiuHe|iiilta. 10. (.''lU) (f ) Lithortulis |iivtu. 11. (U<>.M) (I) l)olit!ho|iiiD) (t) Triiihoiita |it«rii iiKirliviiiik. 16. (,5D) (V) I.) (f ) Liunehiua w^nttHceim. li). (XiD) (^°) Antlioiuyia inaiiiiuata. 67a Kijf.'iO. •ii. '.>5. »i. !i7. 'M. at. :u). 34. (1500U) (y I i^lfi'iii ainiilkamonna. (KiUfii) (f) I'loviaNimilkaiiieeiia. (8121)) (}) riuvia Hiiuilkamtwiia. (C'upi>' 1 by /.ittel, Ilaiidb. il paliKtiiit., V\g. 1()8«).) (I, (V) aiiteiiiiiK ; l>, (■,") tiliia and tarxi of bind \ng, (311)) (f) I'iiupla Haxon. (lUD) (-) Kuriiiica arcaiui. (HD) (?) Ilypiicliiiia iiblilerata. (146.'>3) ()) llyporliiiiatibliterata. (DD) (f ) Piiiipla diiceiiiia. (3:iD) (f) Apb»y J. Henry RUke. Fig. 1. (14001) (}) TeliiiatrpcliiiH iittrallcliin. !i. {14(iO()) (^) Plociiviwiilei. :!. (14.VJ4)(?) riocia piiil.'i. 4. ({) Indusia calciiIiiHa. (Copird by /iltt-1, Haiidli. d. palii'oiit., Fi(;. '.(Sij.) 5. (V) Corydalites ftK'niidiiiii. Snininit of egg from nbovo. (i. (V) CorydalitfH feciiiidiiiii. Siiiniiiit uf t'gg from Horlii>ii ol'Fi^. 14 ciilargt'il. 14. ({) Corydaliti'M fecmidiini. Side \ ii-w iif one-half of egg-niatw, broken longitudi- nally in the middle. 674 Fig. 15. Corydalites fecnnduiu. Schematic lignre, eroHH-Heetioii. 10. ({) CoryiliiliteH focnndiini, Siile view of egg-miiN«. (Copied by Zittel, 1. e.. Fig. '.ma. 17. (V) Coiydalis eornntnN (recent). Side view of egg. 18. (-"^P) Corydalites feeiiiiduin. Cniteriform inicropylio pniinineiiee of snininif of egg. It>. (I) CorydiililcM feenndniii. .*, *f, H".>, IMi, '.t*. loo, lOitrt l.y A. AHUiimiiu; KigH. ao, 'J\, 711, 77, lOC-lOH, 125 by J. H. Kmertou; FigH. 18, lit, .'Hi. .■>7. »iJ-»'.4 by 1'. Kcwiter, iiml FigH. 28, :«), 7rt, '.13, U4 by S. H. Sentlilcr. Thu original driiw- iiigHof FigH. ij, 13, 23, .''>7, >>i were alBo altered by S. II. 8i'n<](lHr, aiid FigH, 104 iintl 115 wvru aflcr IiIh eaiiiurii liivida sketclirH. ¥\g 1. (ISO.M) I V) ('niiiiiiiiiiiiiiH vi'tiin. 'J. ll.^O.'tl) ({) ('uilipullUtUH Vl'tllH. \t. (I'>0.'t7) (g) Sth-kt*iila iii-i-UHta. 4. (15ti.')7t (f) SackeiiiH aroiiata. 5. i'iWiM'f) Acruovra liii-KiitA. (I. (In) ip U.iiiriattt clculiiui. 7. ila) \\) (iiiuriHtoilentimi. B. ;lti(i) ('> <'iili«x pi-uttvitui*. 9. (IC^I (t> Vn\vx proavitiiii. 10. (:.'i(iM) (tl Liomi-t<>|iuiu pinKUA. 11. (HIM Howl nf a liytiioniiptpruiia insert. 12. ('.') ()) Sacki'iiia arciiaia. 13. ii) ii) Savkuniaanualu. (Coplwl by Zitt«l, Uauilb. li. palii'iiDt., Fill. KiiW.) 14. (7K(il It) li'liiieuniiiii petriiius. Ifi. i7Hat (j) lohneiiiiiun |>oti'iiiiiA. Itt. (46) ($1 DicrAiiumyia Hiitriiiuim. 17. (4bM0 UifTHUtimyia Hli^iiioHa. IH. iH} (j) <.'liirouoiu'iiH pa(cim. 19. <5() <icrHiitiiii,viu priinitiva. 21. (.'i7a) (I) DirranuiiiyiH priiuitivu. 2'.>. (7ii) (|l Ciiivlhru e'liln. 2:i. (7ai (tl (Joivthru oiitii. 'H. (7lcl (tl diu np. 'J.i. (6i*^i ()l Dirruiioiiiyia atiKiiiiiHa. 20. ifl.'b) (jl Dicranuiiiyia HtiKiiiOHa. 27. ()f>l (fl DitTillliiiiiyla HiiuliiOHa. 28. (.%4I (VI ('liiriiiiomtiH pati'UH. 211. (70M (J) LitHiiiptfru rftM'MHii. 30. (70^) it|i Laoiiiptvra rtH'ttNaa. 31. <7U6m',^) LaHinjiUTa reoMrtNa. 32. (7ldi d' (.'hirouonililii! np. 33. (7lifl (jl (°hir<>iiiiiuiila< »p. 34. (1.'4I59I (;i LitboiiivtHComlita. (Copied bv Zittel. I.e., Kiu. l(m». I 3.t. (l.MI.'iOi (|| Litliiiniyr.a ciiiiilita. 30. (150.^9Mil I'llboiiiyZri ooihI ta. 37. (77(iM/t Spilailoinyia Hiinplox. 38. (77(nl}l Spiladoniyia Hiiiipkx. 3». iLlufili 1)1 I'l-uijiipi'ili'liia rediviva. 4U. (K. (p Dii-raiHilnylu roHtrata. 41. (K) (jl Dicrauuinyia ruHtrala. 42. (.'*3l(|) Uiorauofiiy ia HtiKniotia. 43. (5:im}i I>i''raiioii(yia Htiuiitoaa. 44. (.'iHf.'l (tl Mycetotihila ocrultat*. 4.1. (.'>8i (jl Kri^taliH lapidtMin. 041. (3.'(rl I VI Sarkoiliaf Hp. .M. (33rMVl raroitNiHMlH atHilllH'llls. .12. (l.KIStMll Hyilropiivrhi' iipiTta. .13. il.KHI4i(ji llvilropHvcl pi.ita. 51. II.KHiaMJl Mvi'i'liiptiiluiKinltala. 6.1. (liOttiKoiiiaiiliii.i I.I. .1(1. (411 I jl 'IVItiuouiaubli.cla. 6(). (67c'i(fi ( A Hmall Hpocjea II .MmhchIw.) 61. (.ITr't ij( ( A ninall lt[wri«H of MuavillO}.! 6J. (I.'hii i'i} OhiriiniiiiiuH (Ifipli'tiiB. 63. i3U> ({> Dicrauomyia roHtrau. 676 Klg. 64. 66. »A. 07. 68. tl9. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 7S. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. M. 83 H4. H.I. 86. 87. HH. 8U. 9(1. 91. 92. 93. 94. 9.). 96. 97. 9H. 99. 10^1. 1(11. IU2. 1113 1(14. td.l. IIIO. 1117. I (114. urn. 1U9(I IIU. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. U7 IIH. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 12S. (30| (Jl UUTaiioiiiyiarimtratu. (Onl (il Dkraiioiiiylii priiiiltiva. (66) (^1 Dici-aiioliiyla prliiiitiva. (6//I (it DIcrauuiuyfa priiiiitlra. (416) (f) Dicrauomyiu atitjmuaa. (416; (I) DlcrauDiuyiu HtlKiiiosa. (33) (}) Ptti'.byiiitiitiH petmnaia. (33) ()) I'acliyiiii'i'iiH pvtrL'Usla. (.10) (jl Miiaua byilriipicn. (716) (t) Miiara bilMiwL (69) (|l MiiiH'aaacariiltMl (636) (if) MiiHcanaeariiloa! (16(163) (<,i) Untfuiiiyzu tloU'Cta. (18) (|) Munoa TiDciila(a. (1.1062) cf) Cyttaroiiiyia feneatrata. (176) (|' Miiaca aacaridus. (7l*6| (?,' Muaraap. (7861 (' MilHCaap. (62c) (f, Miiara aacaridtiH. (62c) (j) MilHCa aHcai'Idva. (.12c) (.}) MiiHi'ttOHfandea. ( 16(I53|' ( 1 1 M iiHca aacaridea. (17ci (}) Si iiai-.a UHirurldt'H. (0361 (|) M iiaca aararldm. (211) (!) I.ilhailulhi'lpa vi'tiiata. (29) (j) Mtbadnlliripa vptiiata. (466) ({) Mi-laiiiitliripHoxtiucta. (416) (j) Mi-laiiiithi'ipH «xtiiii:ta. (1.10.16) (|) Mii4ru bydnipica. (1.1063) CO Miinra hyilropira. (446) (V) llytliosri>|iiia lupidvacena. (4i) (i) Delpbax acnilia. (22) (fl Aphana atava, (221 (j) Apliaiiaatava. (.136) (t) MiiHca iLHcaridoa. (53c) ({I Miiiiva«|i. (.i:icl (jl MiiHia np. (1961 ((I Must'a UM«'aridoa. (421 (}l l.illiadiitlilipa vi'tuata. 1421 l|) I.ltbailutbrlpa vutiiata. (V'l PalU'othrips limsiliH. (VI l^alwoibi-ipa toHMilia. (44a| ()) Mllai'il ap. (2U) (|) MiiHca bydriipica. (7:iai (J) Miiai'af ap. (101(^1 Kutiniim pi-tinoidiulia. iCiipird by ZiUcl, I.e.. Ki'!. Ii>n.) (I(i| (|l KulliiiUH piimurdialiv, (15002) (j) OxviznuUM lilMlllllla. (1.1062) (VI UiyKiiiiiH niorliiiiK. (48) (jl LuiHtotropliiiH pairlarcbii-iirt. (30) (^) KpipliuniH delotuH. (36) lii KpiphauiK di'lntua. (VI I'ala'otbripK foaitilia. (Copied by Zitlcl. 1. 1- , Kilt. B99. 1 |07) (f) Lari'iiphiliiaap. |H7) (jl Laci'iipbihia ap. (0.101 (Jl Oxyti'liia priatiiiiiH. (63a) (() Oxylclim iirlnliiiiia. (6:iul (VI Oiyli'liiH printlniia. (341 (fl Hifiiibiilituii oxuli'tiinj. (341 iji Itcnibidiuni rxolntiiiu. (776) ;ti (iyropbiuua HAxicolik. (776| i;i (tvriipbwuaaaiicuiit. (46a) ({) Urucbua anilia. u s C;f'^,(jLni;icAL :31Jiy«aKiiiiii parkaiilii; alulKiiii- iial appcnila^irH. I'J. CJ.V-'I'') Ti ) Isiiilrs liTtialills. lit. (-tlH^l ifl rriiiii'iiliiliiiiH tiTliariiis ; lUri' wiiiK. 1 1. (■l|(M-4lyHiij;ri(iii t'rnlt'ricii; nlxlnnien ; iii'i'i{|i'ni»||y platM'il o[i tlio plnt<< iipHidii down. I''. (II'.2I') (Vi I'miK'nioldiiH iiidiirntiiii; part of will;;. I'.'. (;WH) ( i ) ''ixi'i^ liOMpcfidr n. '.'II. ( 1 141.) ( I ) V'lvninnlU'H NlijriiiutiiMini. '■il. () ) I'miii'iiioldiis tiTtiariim. , '■i'i. (V) I'ri)ii)'iiiiildiiH Hiiiitliii. 'i:l. (IHKi (') rMiiiiMiinliliiHtcrliariiit; liiiidl«i;. ■J4. (4I»7(1) (I) l.yntra rirlmrdHoiii. v'.'i. , |:I7I*) I ; ) raialaliiidia MtiiNNiirri. •-'i;. ( IMI't ( p Cicadiilu saxo.sa. •-'7. (li.'ilO <.'{) Apliaiia riitiindipt-iiidN. -''. C.llll.) ('i ) l.illiopsiH (diiiinata; fnr(> wiu|{. •-".I. (IIMIK) (0 AcdirplialiiH ad»'. :lii. (4'J17) ( jM I.yslrii iirliHi(i..(>ni. ill: (4-.'07-4-JOH) I ■■) l.yHira riclinrdsoni. ;(■-'. (ll.'HM (') Ci'icopJtt'M calllHcons. :i:t. ( llill'l (I ) riia'iiiiiit<'tti\ Kaiinrtti. :U. (I171')(',> llainmaptcryx rt'ticiilatii; partH of twii liirc wiiiKN. :r>. (l'.M{)(i) Kiil(;ora (iraiiiilima. :iii. ( I t-IM Ci I latliiiphiH linilii'lala : fori' wiii){ 117. (4lfi'i) 1. 1 ) I'itliopHiH liiiiliriata. (('opiiMl liy Ziltid, 1. c, tin. 'MX) rpvHrso of Fijf, 4 ; lorioii; aliilnnien; I tliii plnt(< ii|mii|« iiiiliirntiiN; piirt Irii. KMiatiriirii. IN. liiirMM;liiii(llflg. wiii. iiii.H.siirci. II. li|>('IIMJN. ita ; for<> wiiijf. 111'. iiiii. liiirilHoiii. iHcoim. iiiiiipttj. !ti(!iilntit; partH 4a. ata: fi)ri' wiiijj. ita. (Copicl Uy u s, Gh;()[.ri(HCAL, :iUfwp',Y nv thk tf.rhitohiks I"ki-!'''iai-'Y Iii.".!'/ ■'!'.'■ 'iK N'ltvrii Amkp:';a I > ■ (■■ --c>-^. /.r> ".!■ :\,. 'rt •■^•:,. >»■' ■^•i-i ii '■•- f'-Yy} j ^i:^«^ ■■'■* ■■"■■ir-.. i'fr^ m' ■-;^, #^ \*i "■<" ■■ i«V \ .m .^^ ^ W-. -w>;! *;•■ f^ h^.l^X Orken Rivkr Beds. Wyomino Terr .Ni:i lliil'li:n \ i ) ii'i' I li >l ' I l;ll,\ I h iMli' I I', ll A -!« ; ) i : I I ( «!fei«,sSL'j!A KXI'l.AN ATION ity I'l.ATK VII. All tlio ilrii\vlii|{H wi'M' iiimli' liv .1. Ili-iii.v llliikr, i-\n'|il Ki);. V4, wlili'li U by Pitiil Kouttor. ri)(. I. I ll'.)l{) ( f ) L.VHtrii I'li'litti'ilHcinl. •J. c I ''•"') (M l..v»ti:i Iffi. :i. ( I'Jlv!) ( i') l.yHli'ji rli'liiti'ilKiiiil, 1. (Illl.) Ci' ) 'r<'t(lKi>iiiii pi'iNCdiiiiiruiiiiitii. .'■■ (I'.I)I') (;)'riiitiiini>li'tli\ uuiiiiKltl. il. (*:il,) ( I )TliiiiiiiiM|i'tti\ iniililitlii. T. (II.) I,') l'alir|ilin|,'l |iltti riirlll. H, (liiTT) (H NciVK'iiMiH iciliiiidaliiM. l». (III"!') (i) CiM-nipilrn iiiillMiilills. Id. (KIM') ( I ) .V jijiir (if (iM'r!ii|i|iiii;j winns, ll|l|>al'Pllllv tllr lc'),'lllilllt <>rNilllli' llcllllii|i- Iri'iiMN iiiNi'i't, liiit wliii'li I am UM vi't nil- iil>l« to placo iiiMir I'Mntlv; il« ri'Hriii- li|i»iici< 111 (HiaiiiH liili'fjHU, ri^. I", i^ iiiaiiHi-Kt. II. (ilCiM ; I Ciiii/iiH KnItatiiN, 1'.'. (|.V.'l''i ( '") .strnnpi'lta piini'Milala, ami a piil'lioii tiiiii'i' liiulil.v iiiaKiiilli'il. i:i. (IT'.'Ki (',') Sli'iiiipi'lla pdiii'liilala, 14. (4I'.KI) 1 'i H 'yrlimii'MiiN . 0""') Ti ) CrriMipis aHiiiila. Id. (Illl'i (V) KiilKiira popiilahi. 17. (:ll(is. III. (:i'.llil(' 1 I'l'iicyiliiiiH mamillaiiiiH. VII. i4l'.f.'i iVi l.yctiKdiis Imi'iiH. •il. (ll:ir> (-) ('Imliilatntiiinala. KiK<'.iV. (IML) (O N*<<'>'<><'>'\aiiliiilN. ICJ. ('i4l<) (';) NiMitliaiii'H Ii'hIimin. :i:i. (4IIHt) ( f) 'riiipiMtrriiiiM nrnlptillH. :14. (S;il') (n I'lalyiiiiHca'.tiis. :iri, ( ll'.in ( ',-') Aiitlii'i'opliaxiiH pi'iNviiH. ;Ui. (rttll') (f ) Ndwiilrmlriiii tritaviiiii. ;I7. ( IIIIMt) (V) <'l'M'l'ii<'plialiiH vntilHtilH. :W. (;i!H»H) C') I'lalymiM hi'IH'x. :i'.). (4n,V.)) (i ) Nfiilliaiii'H ti'Hil im. 41). (40*t)) (>,"Hli'rimiiH Ni'XHliintUN. 41. i^'V) (\') I'araii.lrita vi'Htila. A'i, (il'.Kh I 'I'rriils \H n iiil.stnkii anil Hhoiild nut liavK lii'iMU'iiKravi'il. Il Ih inuilit up itx, IK'IH liriHciiR. "111. ll. lUtlll'dllt., XIIN. ll'iNtitlllH, iitfiiliiH; rxvi^rNf us f.i-:oi,()t;i[:Al, r.ii[-;vi'',v OK Tllh Tf.fvrtABY lNfii';''.'r;( or NtjH'm Ami:hi''a [•:mhi l'i[nF',.S " ^;..s.. M-. -^.'^ A '■?*'!> f -♦'S.^"-. ^^•'i^ li'l /A -^ '■'''^r*^y. s V..' W. n\%i W I ui >■ :, ■S12 ■I;*., ■«*.'' tili'V^'" '■■J', i" \ ',:':.'if'. . '. Green Rivkr Bkok. Wvcjmino Tf.hh. Hi Mii'TiMiA I 1 )i .|.:iii"ri if.\ t ^ i 4 I i!! ■'iL_ 'mmmv PLATE VIII tl Si KXHIiANATHIN <»'•' I'L.VTK VIII. All tlio i1rawin);N won* inmli> 1>y J. llonry Hlake, cxcuptiii); V\>^n. Hocttcr. -., ;iii, 111, :!:t, :t4, which are by P. ill! y Fit;. 1. (40:!8) (',") Anciliimii oviili'. '.'. (4(lv!;!,4(Wi I'l) 'rristt'rmi» saxinlis. :i. ( IW'J;!) ( ',■ ) (■lyptiiiliviulms iiiiiiosus. 4. (403.">) ^JJ Cratopaiis rcprrtiis. r>. (IM'.f.t) (?) rii;ihyilnmiiriiii:ivii8. ti. (lillH) Ci") DiyiiiMti's carbouarius. 7. (1104) (]) EpicaTiis ctlnsNiis. f. (40()'i') (',') HiTDsiis liMiiiis. '.I. (KICK) (',■•) Chiirajjiis lictilis. 10. (40f^l) if) HltMliiis adaiiiiis. 11. ('|-') llyilrdcliiiH irlictiis. 18. (4040) (") Kiiijn.iMiptiis ilcci'iiisatiiH. i;i. (4m)4) ( ") Oliiirliy minis luiiilia'. 14. (") Hdiiialola rccisa. 15. (I."i204) (}) I.atlirdbimn ahsci'ssiiiii. Ifi. (481.) (•"i") AiilhiiiHiiiiiis siiponis. 17. (V) HoriiiiwiiH partitiis. 18 (40-*t!) ( ',") .\iMil.iniii (li'ccptiiiii. 19. (V) -Knialia nipla. ■JO. (I.'ij:!|i n ) Kii^jiianiiitiiN niamla'ViiH. 'il. ('"1P)(') I.alliiiiliiMiii aliHci'sMiiii. 28. (V) TaiiytinMiis hoculoiiiiM. Tlic nistrmii iH lacking, not haviiif; ln'cii i'\po8<'. (IMlli) (ij) OtioiliyiifliiiH ponlitiis. 2ti. (4(147) (V) Gyniiiotroii lecoiitei. ■JT. (41)1(7) (1) Hydrobiiis 2:t!t) ( I ) Epicarii.s fxaiiiiiiiH. ;il. (liVJIUI) (f ) KpicaTiis I'xaiilmiH. :t2. (1">2(I0) (I) .Siaphylinlt.s obHolctmu. ;t:t. (1,'>2()7) (I) KpiciiTiis naxalilis. :!4. (I.'i207)()) KpicaTii.s Ka\■alili^4. It.'i. (\) KpirariiH rtTdSNiLs. ;tii. (ir)2i).-i) (") KiiicMTiiH naxatilis. :!7. (4il.">l) (" ) IlyldbiiiH prdViH'tiis. ;!t<. (.41114) (',') KpliaTiiH t'XaiiiiiilM. :!!•. (421(1) Cfl Opliiyaslcs Cdiii|in«'tiiH. 4(1. (4(112) (^) Cratopariwf climiiH. 41. (I.')21."i) ( f) llylobin.s proveeliiH, 42. (iW.tl) ;?) KpiiaruH I'xaniiuis. l>y P. I ( i i< K K N 1 ^ 1 V I . H H 1 : n s \V v 1 1 m i n < ' ' T' " m h ; U 1 EXPLANATION <»F IM-VTK IX. All tbe ilruwinKH wt'^cinniy/n iiiiinca. '.>. (151H6) (V) Seioniy/.a inanca. 3. (irilH") ( V' ) Scioiii\ /,ii iiiiiiK-a. 4. (4l'i;'))(J) Scioiiiy^.a iiiitiica. r>. (15193) (i) Sfioiiiyzii iiiiinca 0. (1518(i) (V) Scioiiiyzii iiiaiivu. 7. Ci") Scioriiyza (linjrrtii. 8. (4113)(';)CliiI«i.siii8i). 'A (59L) (?) I'Milota tiibiilosii. 10. (4143) (',) StoiiiiciiicliN aiinniiila. 11. (7IL) Ci") Calloiiiyiii torporata. I'i. (titiL) (',•') Anaclinia f h|). l:l. (I4ti<.)|) (f) MiU'Hiik qiiaiiritta. 14. (15184) (}) Cliilo!4iauiii|ila(f). 15. (15191) Ci ) .Scioiuyza iiiuiuMt. Ui. (L'lllMi) (O .Sviouiyzu iiiaiica. 17. (V) Asarfoiiiyia ciMlaviT. 684 Fig. 18. (15188) (?) Svioiny/.a iimiicu. 19. (14(>96) (i') Poluiiiiyia rtH'ta. ■-'0. (41'.Jl) (V) .Scioiiiy/.a iiiHiicn. •■i\. (I4ti9»i) (?) r»li«iinyia recta. iW. ('21,) ( ; ) ScioLiiyza «li»j»'eta. 'i',\. (15195) (f) Scioiuyza iiiaiica. '24. (I5H9) (V) Seioniyza iiiuni'a. ;».'■■. (4149) ( '|- ) Si'iniiiyza (linjecla. •■H'. 1?) Cliilii.siii » Hp. 'i7. (411-2) (V) ChiloHiii aiiipla. iW. (15194) (\') .Scioiuyza iiianea. •J9. (f ) .ScioMiyza iiianca. :t(). (l,V.';t7) ( V) Scioiuyza ilisjecta, 31. (i r r t It A !i I 1 PLATE X KXIM-ANATION OK IM.ATK X. All tlii> tlruwiiiKH woni iiiikIo by J. Ilciiry HIiitiK, l'\ Kij;. J. ('.(I') (!) TipiilaiM'imU'lirl. 'J. (Ill') (f) Kyiiioala HtritiiKiiliitii. :t. (:)7L) d) Iliilftiiiit iiiiilinitlni. 4. (?) Tl|iiilit Hpolliita. r>. (HI', roverHtiil) (J) Scioiiiyzii f nji. ri. (Mi) 1 ; ) Sti'iiorinrlis! H|i. It!. C.'l'i (',") Si'iuru Hioimli. Viii. 17. (SI') (^) PIfcitt 178) (■,") Dci'BtoiMik iiiitii|iiuf 'il. (l:ilH)(',") I.itlKiliiniscri-NiHiiii. '■ti. (I.'il77) ( ',') Myrniicii M|i. a:t. ( ll(i!l'.>) ( ,') l.iiHiiis Inri'iiH. -.'I. CUil.) {",) Ki'lytiiH liitatiiN. ■•,'.">. (7iu>:kn Hi\-i;i< IIkus W^'ominc. Terr I )| 1 ' '■ I :ii A 1 1 ^ Ml . N ( 1 1 "ii ■. 1 i A ; 1 i i' 1 r i ^ 1 1 KXP1.ANATJON OK I»I, ATK XI. All tliP (IrnwiuRH weri« iiineiraiili8i'iiii(lili»(?. H, (82().'>) (f) Ti'thiii'HHH".v"''im) (f) T^l>miml» rosiitiis. Tim liliiii- fthonlil l>o sii'iiilcrcl- at tlie Ihimi". 14. (HOMC* (;■ ) IVtliiiiMiH ht'iitzlicf. Ut. (HT77) ( ( I Kpi'iia ciiicrtoiil cf . 1,>. (Sr)7 i)f Kig. 27, lower part. 211. (rt4;V.t) (?; ParattiiH rcHiirrpctim ( 9 f). 27. (1297(>)(i)Eiuypliia retf'iiHa^. (See I'ig. 2.-..) 2-*. ;20r>) (?) HegCHtria »ecP8Ha9- 2i>. (i;>r>2(l) (?) Tith-id'ca iiigeniia9. •.!1). (4'.tCl)(f ) Anaiit, liilro(lm;«d liy acciduiit. HI. (7177) (?) T«^tliii.Mi.soiidiiratiis9. 112. (112tt:i) (?) T'li.na'ca ingeniia9 • ! LI s. c,Eoi,Gr;u:Ai., ^urvpjy oi-' thk ■ri'iHKrroRiKS f-j ., 'h^ \v/. \ £ . y ■■" \ i^ w \ \,^ i ■ r/».--i,-v> ..M'' ^/^ /^ A'' / ^7^ ^ ■-.^,„, 1 :.rl' ,-'^^ ' ■••^, r. ^' ■• / 1 i ;.'on riili I'u'i.i 1 THK FljOni KWATiTT Barin All A'll.NIDA i m i/n / k / "tv, tK^ />■: /f Jit / PLATE XII VOL XIII 44 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. All tbo (IrawinKH were iii»f Sequoia, scon in cfomm- section; supposed nlien the platu was onKravcd to be a coiled iiiyriapod. •J. (i^lC) (t) Paroteruifs liagcnii. :<. (1247) Cf) ParotemiesfiHliuie. 4. (i:r>36) (j) Ephemera iiincileuta, larva. 5. (8824) (f) Kpbemera tiiiniobilii*, larva. 6. (tWIO) r }) HodotermeH t r<)l. (1.510) (f) Ephemera puuilcuNii, larva. 16. (233) (I) Ephemera pumicowi, larva. 17. (31) (?) Eutermes meadii. IH. (Ifi93)(f) Lepixma platy ra. Simie of the abdominal joints are ikhi iiHJjeared. 19. (4(M3) (I) Taphacris reliqnala. 20. (tiOlit) (f ) Entermes fossarmn. 21. (310) C') Necropsy llarigiila. 22. (11190) (f ) Parottirmna fodiiiie. I) s nF.oLonjnAi., gurvky ok thf, terkitories. 'I'KlVIMAf'Y iN-Si'lCrS OP NOR' 111 AMERICA ! I, i;^:, ninclaji !. r.oii Litli Phila>i TiiK Florissant Basin Ml HI Ai'DiiA . .Ni:i-iii>i'i'i;n.v n PLATE XIII KXPUA.NATION OF PIRATE XIII. Fig. 1. (8347)(t)^sohna(ii:8obua)8n1ida. 2. (8995) (f ) LiiDDopH.vcbe diNpitraa. 3. (7788) (f ) Neurunia uvaneitcuiiH. 4. (H619) (?) Litliagrion byaliiium. 5. (407) (f ) PbryKanea labefacta. 6. (8046) (?) Agrion exsnlaris. 7. (VJSStS) (t) PolycentropuH THviratiiM, 8. (6%4) ({) Agrion inascencens. All the drawings were made by J. Hf'iiry Blake, Fig. 9. (6824) (t) Agrion mascescenH. 10. (135*-.) (I) Agrion t«llnri». U. (1816) (i) i£gcbua larvaln. 12. (6927) (f ) Litbagriou iimbratiim. 13. (-^514) (f) DerobroohUH orati-ri». 14. (Hl&l) (f) Litbagrion umbrtitnni. 15. (116(>3)(f)iEiichua(Ba8iu>8cbnaUeparat». 'I f -) ij s (W'loi.Dcif^Ai, :njiwi';Y hk thh; tkkhitokiks. i'r-.HTIAKY [tJMIv'T,". d' NflHTll AmKUICA I'!, 13. .'f^;r;V-^Ti^ ->>« #. /m:^ '.»■■- ^^■ //■'/ •■■>: t'/:fA I ■T.«r ' I \\ v^-^ I I r v..^ 4 ^ f l,fj*^' WI4- l-i a^it^rS*- JSl. .^"Sit SiLvUiin i Tion I.iU". I'hi, Thf: FiiOui HJSAisrT Basin Nki mii'''i;ii i PLATE XIV EXPLANATION OF I'hATK XIV. All tli«< ilruwiD(;ii wprp iiia.v J. lie ins llliikr, )'x<'<'|itliiK Fi({N. 1:1 iiihI It, wliluli worn truviid li.v H, II. HcikIiIi T friiiii Ji iiiii'rii|i|iiitiiKru|ili, tiikrii l>y Hiimiii'l WkIIm, Km). Kijr. Ij 1. (I.:ih:.) CO liiixi'lliu mIi-ihiih. Tim ri'|irt'HriiliiiK II III III I'liHtiil vein III' riKllt wiuH , ()!:!)( I) lliili'or|ia iiiui'iilima. «I. ((i70)(?) Trilioiliiysn Uriimlrt. 7. (rtr'.l-.') Ci ) Triliinlirymiliriiiatii. 8. (I lliW) {] ) 0«iii.\|ii» ici|iiifliif<, St. (11*11) ('/) Triliiirlir.VHU Vfliiwiilu. 10. lrt71»-.i)({)Tribiichiy«ullriiiulii; liiiid w vi'lti FIk- II. (M71KJ) Ci ) TrilioctiryHii llriiiHlii ; Torn wIiik. ' lliu ; I-.'. I'.KI?:!) Ci) liiiM'olliik N«iiiiii)li'iiiii9. I l:i, (7:itli) ()) I'lilii'oi'liryHit Htrivtu; front Will^; tllO llllHltl lllllt'ol tllX llplHT iMilillal M'iii HJiiiiiJil nut lii> Hiniiulil liiit /.JK/.u^ likt' tliu ii|ii(Ntl liiill'; till' liiiHiil |iorli(iii iif till' iiiUTi'iiblliil urua iHttlMi wri)ii)(l,v Kivi-n. 14. (7:ilO)(^') riklii'ouliryNitHtricIa; hind wing; tilt' I'ltiHH voiuH of tlitt viMtuI •»<» ttfu nut HllDWn. JiiK. IT), ('.)r>ti) (V) Iiiiictdlia tiiiniilutu,^. I II .'.; ('.i':iji,n(;iCAi, :;uf:a i'l'l-ITORIRS I ; I if m -r""' r --, ' ') (^) LoptolircM'lniN IiiIcuh. (941l>) 1^) Porobrodiiis imirciJiis. (8A'i7) (t) L<'pt4)l)r<>oliiin liiteiiH. (l.'.MT) Ci) DiToliiocliiis criitiTii'. (1441) (t) Liiiiiii>iiliiliis so|iipriitii.><. (541!:!) Ci) DcnibroihiiH I'liutKcciiH. (tl'20.'>) (}) n.vin.volioiiiiii(<'im. (319) (V) Diiiiileunin iilMlnctniii. (lllir) f9)Tiiioilrs i.iilii(\i({>-iii«- (14'ilO) (ij) Litolirocbiiw I'xtiTiiatiiH. &J6 Kiji.ll. (li'^^4' I ) MrRoliniclius lutliii'ilB. Vi. (,v .1. ilunry HlAkc, <. (13544) (i) Labidiiroroma avia,f . C. (370ri) (f ) Labidiironiiiia niorlale,^ . 7. (2Ci04] ()) Labidiironinia inrpniiiiii,; . e. (10627) (t) Qiu-diiis cbaniberlini. 9. (5004) (?) Labidiironinia lalH-nH (young), 10. (U'208) (f ) Labiduroninia coniniixiuni 9 ■ It. (11309) (?) Labiduroninia avia 9. \'i. (13,%46) (f) Labiduroninia exsulatiini9. (Copied by Zittel, Handb, d, palieont., Fig, 959.) Fig. 13. (14471) (^) Labiduroninia labt'UHif. 14. (47IM)) ({) Labiduroninia gilbvrti,; . 15. (ri:t34) (f ) Labiduroninia tortiarinin 9 . IG. (7118) (?) Labiduroninia lalit-nH^. 17. (1832) ({) Labiduroninia coniniixtnni9. 18. (14688) (j) Labiduroninia tcrtiarinni^. 19. (31t>) (f) Labiduroninia lithopbilnm 9. ■20. (i;i001) ({) Labidnroninianiortale9. 21. (i'Mi)) (1) Labiduronima tprtiariuni^, 22. (11740) if) Labiduroninia avia,^. 23. (H022) Ci) Labiduroninia avia 9. 24. (5278) (t) Labiduroninia ap. u s c;F'U)l,o[.;i[;al, .sukvf'.y oi' thf, tkhhitobies Tektiary iMSi'Xrr.s ok Nfn<'in ,-,mkri(;a 'SO Si « feT '■^. // ^ m, 'SZa* mom" 1 ■^, ■jj^'ll^ •'\ i I ':i' !>,. i^*J 'M-, "^■. tSi<;S •fi \ A .y /4^~ ,-.» f,-.'^- i ^ m r Pl 16 ^ The Fi-ORiRSANT Basint ()H-|ll()l>'li;l(A Il'oui-U I I.AHIAK.I j)0^^ I I : PLATE XYII i 1 KXIM.ANATION OK 1»I,ATK XVI All the drttwiiiKH were iimile by J. Heury Bluke, excepting Vig. 8, wliioh in by 8. H. 8cinlclor. Pig. I. (»,«) TyrbiiU riiiMelli. One iif the JointM of the Bnteuuitl clnl., '^- (?)TyrbularnM.>H)lli. Anteniiie. •<• (}) Tyibiila rnaselji. (Copieil by Zittel, Handb. I. imlu'oiit., Fig, !N'>r>.) 4. (?) Tyrbiila rnNHclli. Tibiul Hiiineo. 5. (7*0) (}) (K.lipwla prufociitii. fi. ((ilKi) (j) Goniplioci>rn8 abHiriiHiiB. 7. (1724) (f) Cyiiiutomeni iiiacnlHta. H. (HM) (4) Homcnoguniiu ventriosa. 9. (7544)(f)LoouHtaiiileii8. Apurtionofthe leg, ibowing apineH. 10. (7544) (f ) Locuvtu «Uen«. 700 Kig. 11. (.'idl?) (j) Agi»thenieraretliiM«. li. (.MiW) {]) Zetobora bninneri. i;l. (UTiW) (?) Tyrbiila niiiltiHpinoHa. 14. (ll.'i.''>7) 0) l,lthymnet»>H guttatiiH 9. (Copied liy ZItti'I ' , Kig. !M>!>.) l.'i. (IKi.")'/) (}) l.itliji, ,-H gnttiitnH 9. .Showing the vnllni.ii Npottiiig. Iti. (l;l .''>0) (I) Oriihi-limiiui placidiim9. 17. HM'i) (f Hiryllafris oineriii. 18. (135-''>l)({)Orcheliiuuiuplaeiduinif . Kore leg. It). (i:i&51) (0 Orcheliniuui plaoidiiiu,^ . TlIK Fl.OUT SS AKT J ' ASIN ( )n I Hi J 1 'r 1. 1 (A !! PLATE XVIII. ^p i ! ! Ill I » EXPLANATION «»K IM.ATK XVIII. All tlio (IrikwiiigH ur« by .1. Ufiiry lUake. Kijf. 1. (!t ri. (144.')0) ['!) Si]iIioiii>pli(>r»iib'N aiillc|iiii. r>. (:114) ('i'^) .Sjrlllli>brncllllH ri\ i v iwi'lls. 7. (!'<.')(>'.{) ("I .Sipliiiii(ipliicli'N aijtii|iiit. 8. (ThMl) (f ) ApliiilopHix iimrKuruiii. 702 Fis;. 1), (4»v!7) (f) AnconRtiigdiirHiiONii8. fCopied by Itiicktoii, 1. c, I'l. l;t:i, Fig. 4.) 111. (.s.»x<») {') .Sipliiiiiopliornitlcs aiiti()iiii. (('i)pii'(lby iiiu'kloii, l.c.,1'1. i:i:i. Fi«. 1.) P. (III44M ?) ApliiilopNU Hp. ( inniititiii'.". \'i. (IL'iTT) (f ) Sbeiiiiitiis iiiicMiii'li. l:i. (:itil) i;) Ainalaiicon ' M) (1) Arcliilac'liiiiiN )it'iinutiiN. IT. ( ITT ) ( ','M Anliilaclimis priiiiatiiM. I-. (X(K">>( I ) riiTdstiKiimnriirvuiii. (Coplcil by llncktoii, I. r., PI. I;i:i, FIj;. «. ) lit. (fJOtf'i) (?) Tfjilirapliis walabii. is I : i ii! 'IlllC I'^IiOltlSSAKT B.VSIN I Ic.MII' IIJI.\ I IIOMDPI I .11 A AlMllDAI', .> I I IM 11 •mmmmmmmmm 1 ! 1 t i ! j PLATE XIX. ; r; I > 1 • i Ill .li ! KXIM-ANATION OF I'LATK XIX. All the drnwiiiKs wpro niaiio l),v J. Henry Blake. Fis. 1. (tSO. (1047H) Cf) PociimiN ]is,vll<.Mi's. 7. (HOT) (?) At,'iilli;i IfWJNii. 8. (120HS) (7) Njc((>|ili.vlii.\ vij;il. il. ("tVJ") (V) Ti'tlifioiiiii |irisiiitiiicln. 10. (4;!T!t) Ci) Aplitc.plHirii np. 11. (11771) (? I Ny.lopli.vliix nlilrri. 12. (l.(H!t) (^) Klorm.si»iitiil cli'^iiiiH. i;t. (127Pr>) (\') Eliiliptera ri'Kiil»riH. 14. (1.705) (f ) CixiiiHt proiiviis. 704 Fi);. ir>. (Il;i07) (H AcorpphiiIn8 c.iHoshh. 1(>. (5188) (',') Ja88opHiHevi(Uui8. 17. (<>21H.t) (';) Honiniiis iisylloidfH. IH. (lOl.^S) (V) Ajjallia lliiccida. I'.t. (1(M'p72) (V)Tlii.sK]>cciiiiPii waHa( rill' ntall.v ovor'iookrd in woikiii^ up tlx' fauna. It i* I'vidi'iidy the anlrrior halt' of onn nf the ('<'r(iipidn and app.iriMitly a hprcicn of Loi rite.'*, hut dot-H not aurcc with the othnr HprcicH known. 20. (:HI2) (',■) Thainnoti'ltix I'nndi. 21. (l.i-O.'.) (',') AKallialowiMii. 22. (tMjTi.'i )(',•) Clastoptrra coniHtocki. 23. (4552) (V)Thliboiiieuu« parvus. i M i u- iijl fn'; i. i i'f.RTiAi-.Y iHKiou'i;;^ PI' NoKTH America ri'KH.n^oHipa Pi, IS Thf: Fr.oRTSKANT Basin 1 li. Mir I i:i(A. 1 1 li ) \M 11' n HA * li 1^: ll '-' ^ I ■ ■I ! PLATE XX VOL xiii — 45 I f ' :V''i'f| •' II KX1'I,ANATH»N <»F I'l.ATK XX. All till' iliawiii^H WITH iimilo by ,1. H«iiry Klako. FiK. (t)050) (f )Pnlocpliiirii pr.iviilriis, (.■iliri-*) (( 1 I'rtliiiilinidi'H iiri';;Mliiiis. (ll).>t) ( t 1 I'lllcrpliorii ('(iiniiniiilN. ('.C.MHM (' ) A|ii)ii'iiiii |iru'stri(tiiin. (li'J) (I ) IVlnilystra jji^janlcii ?. (411; (I) l'ulr(il.v>lriv ({IK''"'""' (t'"|'i'''l by Zilti'l, llaiiilb. il. i.alirdiil., Ki^. '-W. ) (4Vi) ( I ) IVtrolysti-.i niKi'"'"*'i- (ll.->V.l) (t) I''''r'il,vstra lini..'.. (ll>2.!*) (f) A xiiiall lly. round iii> tlir same -itolli' with till' llrxl. |M1 liap-l liilii|l;;il|^ t() llu' Tucliyilriiiniilii'. hiii « Iiiim«- pri'cisu nniiiiliuH it in perliup'i iiiipimtilili' tn trucu. Kin. 10. Ul'. (tH;;!l)) ( V).IasNiis f latt'liia-. 'M, (l:iri7(l) (f) Piili'cpliora I'ciiiiiniiniM. lil. (l.M») ^';') Pali'cpJKiru I'oininiiiiis. •■ti. (1 l'.il)(',) LIthecphora spllgiTtt. if .H u y (;i:ni,ri(;ii7vi, r.ijKvi'.Y i)i riiti, li'iHH.iTOHiE^B, rr-!ni ssAX'i- Basin 1 li ;mii ri;nA ' 1 1< i \i. > I'll .ha ) M ^M V V] IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3} 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^128 |2.5 i^ 1^ 12.2 t lii iilio 1.8 U IIIIIL6 Photographic Sciences Corporation :1>' \ :\ iV \ "% .V 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. MS80 (716) 877-4503 ^ o^ k <* %" 1 ^ 6^ k EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. All the drawings wore made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (78) (f) Agallia inHtaliilJN. 2. (P081) (f) Palec|iliorii pni-ralens. X (ViTiCt) (',') Litbecpbora iniiratu. 4. (12447) (V) Litbecpliora iiiiicdior. .'■>. (1.T):17) (V) Lithec|iliora iinicolor. (!. (38(>4) (f ) Paltipbrodcs irregiilariN. 7. (Siijr.) (f) PaliipbrodoH irreKiilariH. a (912) (?) LIthecphora iniirata. 9. (:{801) (f ) Palecphora luarvinei. - 10. (8(|i{i;) (f) PalapbrodoH obliqua. 706 Fig. 11. (14178) (f)Litheophoraunicolor. 12. (9158) (f ) Palecphurn niarviiiei. tX (:S0) ({) Litbecpbora diaphana. U. (11103) Ci) Litbecpbora iiiiiculor. l.'>. (208) (f) Palaphrodes cincta. ir>. (12ti) (f ) Oictyophara boiivei. 17. (8:u:i) (f) I.ocrit<'8wbitfi. 18. (4287) (f ) Palaphrodes obscura. 19. (9374) (?) Locrites copel. I) Iv C.|'/v)LO(;)CAl., i:;ur II !! i! *^. I ; EXPIiANATION OK PLATE XXII. All tlin ilrawiiigH wore luwlu by J, Henry lilako. Fig. 1. (44H(l) (?) Achro§toc:i*l) (V) IMilliiiiiK'oriN cnlligatiiN. 4. (l'i7H4) (f ) TiroscliistiiM indiiresceuH. 5. (4riliii xpiiioga. 14. (:i'i*t8) Ct) Stonovelia nigra. l.'> (127H2)(V)MetTobate8uit«rnall8. The fig- ure in iipHide tlown. l(i. (23:: ig. 1. (5696) li. {Vim-> :t. (^:«^^) 4. (.VTH) 5. (IMiTii) (7(iI7) (T47:i) (;ni:t7) 10. r.>:wi) U. ('J<;74) i:». (4r.«0) 14. (fi:«ir.) 15. (It884) iti. (.^7:«)) 71ti e. 7. H. (f) EotingiHHiiteniinlu. ') (1) Liniiirit rnn'tTiita. d) Kotiiiftin iintcniiata, (P Linnii'a imliiikiiii. ( I ) Monuiitliiik vi'liTiiii. {") I'ieHiiiaf riitiiiMlu. (T) Slcnnpainttra Niil)t«rriia. (") PrnuroiiliiiiK roMtaliii. (II) Monanlliin vciorna. (!) LiiiiiiuuliDliiuwii. (?) TrapezoiMiliiH externiiiiaturi. ) (7) ProcriipliiiiH i-oiiiiiiiiiiii*. (n CnpRim obHolerartiM. (f ) N'yuiuH Ntratim. (f) Kliyparncliniiiiiiit verrlMii. (f) .'^teiiopanipru tenebroMa. Fig. 17. (.^Hll) ( IH. (I11H4) lit. (4!I:M) ( ao. (m(i5) !il. (7!fii;i)( *J. (11757) 2:1. (iWttl) ( '.'4. (ii:n)i) 4'.. ((kViO) ( SMi. (ti4.sH) ( •i7. (111(14) !iH. (ll-AW) «». ( l-Mf.)) ( :«). (uaio) :U. (70«4) ( 7) (lecHMirlR inrernnriini. (f) I'rocro|iliiiiN ('(iinniiiniii. 1') Liniiica Kraviilu. (t) NyHiiis tritiiM. O Liiiiiji-a ovolnta. ( ? ) Traiiezoiiotim exterminatui. n riiivrnphiiiH laiignenH. (') SU*iiopaiiii-rit teiifbroBa. ") TraiiezoiiotiiN oxtcrininatiis. n OeocnriH inremoriiiii. ( Il ) N.VHiiis atratiiH. (^ PnMTophins cominiiiiiH. {) PrncropliiiiHitoiiiniuniR. (f ) Kliyparocbrumiis veriillli. f ) NvBiiiR terric. u s (;[';ui,();;i('Ai lUKVl'lY ()!• Till', Tl'iHHlTOHIl iO 'I'lIK I'l.oH I WSANI' Ua.SIN 1 li ..vrir r Kit A II I II I !iii' ii-.H \ i .^ ii.\i-; IDA I-: !i ! PLATE XXVI. \ I I i IT , l> '11 ■k I 1 EXPLANATIOX «)F PI.ATK XXVI. All th« drawiiigB wore iiia. (12469) (V) Eotbos ol<>){»n». 6. (13660) (',') Lithochroinim oxtranoiiH. 7. (70:f7) (?) rbnitiopaiiieracbittendeni. 8. (10:J91) (?) Proteiior inilwcilliH. 9. (11233) (?) r-lir»do|>anierachittemleni. 718 i Fig. 10. (98;J7) (?) Lithoohroniug ganlnori. 11. (24:n)(?) Rbi>p()coriH pnuvuleiiH. 12. (142:Wi) (?) Catopaiiiora briMlleyi. 13. (r'467) (?) Rht'pncoriH vro|iiiiq(iaiiH. 14. (.ViitS) (?) ricz<>corinf peroiiiptUH. 1,-.. (26%) (?) Tttgalodi-H iuoniiis. 16. (1>2.'>:<) (?) Etiruvori8 iiiferualis. 17. (6;t70) (?) Phthinocoris Ipthargiciis. M I m I : 1 : ■*. " J ■ U S. GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tehtiahy Insects of North Amkriua 'I"hf. Florissant Dasin I Ii;mii"|'i:ii.\ II khiuih'Ihha I.MtAiiinAi': I 1 PLATE XXV. i I Fig. 1. (318ft) (f)Rbepoctiri8 propiiiqiiMiiH. ti. (lu:tHl) (f) NyxiiiHgtratiiH. :{. (I21(U) (^') CaoulyiluHcxHtir|>atUH. 4. (liJOdl) (f ) RuepocoriH |>ru. (5669) (?) Khei)ocori8 prutvalenH. 10. (13087) (\') Rhepocoris prajvaleiis. 11. (91128) (f) Kbupocoris pnevaleiiH. Vi. (l.r>08) (BCacalydus lapsus. 13. (1SOT8)(?) t'arodarmistiis collisiiB. 14. (1.803) (?) Rhepocoris prntvaleiis. l.'i. (10956) ({) Piezocoris peritiis. 16. (9) (f ) Rhcitocoris jiriuvalens. il U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tkrtiary Inskctp of NnR'i'ii Amkrica F'L 25 'I'hk Florissant Bahin IIr;Mii"iKU.\ . (lli-.-iKiiopiKnA - ('«>hkii>aI': m. I ■J 1 I ? I I PLATE XXYI. 4 I ! n i EXPLANATION OF I'l-ATK XXVI. All tint drawiii);H wvro luwle by J, Hoiiry Blake. Fig. 1. (8004) (?)0.rthriocori»n loii|{ipe8. 'i. (4644) (V) Litbocbroiiiim iiiortiiariiis. 3. (Tf*.'*) (?) Cydnn-iiM robiistuit. 4. (14207', (f) CorifiiH iib«litivii8. r>. (124f)9) Ci) KotbimelfKiini*. 6. (I3(U>0) (V) LithiichroiiiiiH ox riiiiens. 7. (70:0 (^) Phriul<>|iaiiioracbitteu(leiii. 8. (1(1. :tl) (1) rrotonor inibucilliH. 9. (lliXi) (f) rbrtidopanieracbittmulHDi. 718 Fi^. 10. (!>8:t7) (f) LithoohroniUH Kardnvri. It. (24:il) (V) Kli<*i>ucoriH pruivaleim. r.>. (1423(i) (f) Catupainnra bradleyi. l:l, (r'4ti7) (V) RbppocoriH prnpiiii|iiaiiii. 14. (5C;J3)(?) riu/.ocurix f p<>rrniptiiH. 1.'), (2:t70) Ci) Phthiiiocoriii IctbargiouB. U S Or^OLOGICAL ^JURVF.Y OF THH TERRITORIES l>;u'i'iA!.Y iNvSiiicrri of Norvni Amkhica T Sii.;'.;j; .. ?'-.li I.iVh i"..lli>?.:i The Florissant Basix. IIi;mii-ii:i»a I Ii: i i- hi>I'ii:iia ('i)HI:ii>ae ! KXPLilJiATION OF PLATK XXVII. All the drawing* were matle by J. Henry HIkkn. Fig. 1. (a67)(f) Rhipiphnrn9K»lkiei. 9. (6650)(f) KxitelunrxwuKiiia. 3. (570:i)(f) Hocria Inpidosa. 4. (1.1664) (f) ProcnriH brcbleri. 5. (1.831)(j) Heeri»giil. (6:160) (?) Corizns celatus. 16. (1:<,11.'>) ('>) PhnidopaniiTa wilaoiii. 17. (H740) (?) Phtbinocoriii lethargloiis. IH. (4'J6tt) (?) llflmu gnlnsa. 19. (14197) (?) Heoria lapidoM. U y GF.;0L0GJI'A1, SUt \. r \! ■^J C*^':;-, ..,1 .rViv-'i^T ^€1 Mi^ .^f^/ •^>' -.1 f/ T Sui'jliur * !>on I.ith ?hilal:» TnK FiiORi HSANT Basin I li- .\Mi>ri :ii.\ (Hi: I'MHiP'i'KliA Coiii'.iDAI': | ' i .( M i /! / r /' \ /i n i ■ I f. k PLATE XXVIII. VOL XIII 46 /: KXIM.AXATION OK I'L.VTE XXVIII. All till' (lr;nviii({s wiin; iiiiuli' by .J. Meiiry Ulaku. Kig. 1. ("O-iO) (f) reutnToiiiitoK foliarniii. 2. (i;!:U'-) (?) CncdHcliisiiis iiiaciTiatns. ;t. (r>4(>()) (f ) Ti'k'iwcliistu.s pliiciiiiis. 4. (ll'^jri) (5) riDcydiiiis ilevii Ins. 5. {U4vJt)) (f) Pl()< villi lis IllDlMlH. (!. (I. KIT) 0) Tliiirti)(iolii«Mis ri'vnlsiiH. 7. ("ifSro (f 1 ri)li(>s(lii>tii> lij;atns. <*. (:WOT) (V) Mfi-cicupliala h|i. 9. (8d(il) (}) Diploiliilaf li.'iishawi. 10. (nU) (}) Polioijuliistiis laiiidariiiH. 728 Kig. 11. (H471) ()) Tliliinmoscliistiis smvidatiiM. 1'2. (l:i,')r!.<) (f) '<'|i|iboiii«tiim liiniiMin. 111. (8HiO) ^y) Necrocydniis HolidaliiH. 14. (SlSfiO) (t) 'IVlftwcliistUM rlyoratiiH. 15. (24(14) Ci') I'rocyduim vfi<|>i!riiH. 1(1. (4*')1) Cf) XccrocydmiB Hiiiyzimiis. 17. (l;)77) (\') Heeria gulosa. Iri. (147'J) (f) PotfHcbistiis oltiiiibiliiH. 1'.'. (1U4U5) (f) TbliiumuHcbiHtiis gravidaliiH. U a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North Am!;rica Pl 2 8. ^^■■^m;- • •* "* -if' ...... ,-1,-- p , Thk FijoniMHATTT Basin I ll- MII'IIMIA lIlKTiritoPTKilA I'l. NTATOM [ DAK ( '4,3r>5 Acintblicbi' .'1(H) Acantboaoina 435 xVcaiitbdHoiniiia 43.'i Acariua 45,46 Aearua 47 Aceatra 42i» Acbilida 297 Ac.brt'alocoris 412,41:1 ciDt>rariuH 413 AcocepliaijH 311 adu^ 311 oalloauH 311 Acni'phia 281 Acrldil 220 Ai'ridiiini bartheleinyi 2J0 Ac.roci'ra .'iii3 globulua .''>H3 hiraula 603 Aculeata 015 ndiu (AuoucpbaUia) 311 adamiia (ntoiliiia) 504 Adici'lla 189 JIgialia 489 rupta 489 .Slia 4.S3 iEolothripa .172,373 .Xaobna 125,126,141,142,143 conatricta 142, 143 ,^iiata 145 larvata U.'i niarchali 143 motia 142 mixta 142 fiolyiloro 142 acpai-ata 144 aoUda 143 tychi! 142 .SCac.hiiidm 02,125 ^F.aibiiiliii 02, 124, 12.\141 ivriTiialia ( Metrobatea) .353 Page. I int4!niua (Derobroohna) 184 ' j^^lh la piiiiotulntua 438 iEtiirliiniia 362 A^aloiia .. . 68 ! Agalunidta 48,40,00,08 j Agallia 305 I abatructa 305, 3117 llaccida 305, 3ci0 inntiiliilia 3US, 306 , lewiaii 305 AgathtuniTii 210 roi'liiaa 219 Aglioil 12.5,120,127,137 ; ajilunpi. 127,137 iil)li<)Uilli) 127 iixsiiliiiU 127,138, 139 icariia 127 iris 127 ItMUMfHia 127 ligea 127 I lnaaetv.iOtiua 127, 13H 1 piirtlieliopo 127 ^ peiaiuou 127 tulliiria 140 Agrinni.lif 92. 124, 125 A«riiillillil 92,124,12.5,126 Agrypiiiii 196 Alcoalia 300 AK'Ui-ddfa 241 uliitaut'iia (llii-ii'liia) 5:i4 Alyiliiria 418 Alydiiiii' 411,418 Alydin 418 latoralia 418 Aiiialanvoii 244, 270 lutuaua 270 Alnalnpiuii 575 Aiiniiirubiiia 68 amictiia (Hydrochtia) 615 Aiiiiiio]i!iiIa 30 AiiiphiagrioH 126,137,139 Ainpbii'iitoiimin 117 Ainptiiflcepa bivittata 206 Anipbitboniiaiia .TO anipbi (Cliilii^iu) 5.59 nrayr.oiiiia (Necrocydiiua) 446 Anubulia 195 A nncliiija 597 ap 597 Aiiaiidnia 71 Aiiari'to 600 Aiiaaa 412 print'oputida 412 Aiuit.dla 689 l;ieita 6(^9 Page. AnaUine 62 Auax 125,142 metis 142 Anconatua 244,271 bucktoui 271,272 duraiiiiaiia 271,272 Aiicyliic^huiia 404 Alidrenidll! 30 aiiillrf (Bnii'hiia) 484 A iiiaoiiiorph,i 219 Aiiidtiiini 491 ddciptiiiii 492 Ilgnituiii 492 ovalu 491 uiiiiiiinlu (SleDooiuclia) S64 niiiiiwna (Cryptorhyiicbiia) 477 aiiti'diliirianum (Calyptitea)... 606 iiMttimiata (Eotlngla) 36U Aiithoropbagiia 501 ocliracuiia 501 priaciia 601 Anthtiniyia 548 biirgeaai 549 iimiiimata 518 Antliiiiiiyidu) 548 Aiitliuuoiima 472 diifosaiia 28,472 atiporua 472 Antbracoiiiarti 46 Alitliribidii' 465 anti<|ua{Ducatotiia) 604 (Sipliniiopburuidea) 255 autiquiia (PlianiDua) 489 (Tvluoaclilatua) 4,54 Autopla 76 Anypliii'iift 61, 62, 60 t'uacata 67 intei-ila 67 Apliii'tiogaater 616 bttreiidti 615 longawa 015 Apbana 281 ' atiiva 281 j rutundipeiiiiia 282 I Apliantapbia 244,2.53 t'xaiifa 254 j Apbt'loebuinia 347 I Aphidea 242 I Aphidinm 244 ! Apbidop.tcriia -<*1 AphU '^4'* AphodiiiH — ^^ precursor 4**** niricoln 48>* A pbroplitiru '»'*" «p 3:(7 AplirnpUoridii *'.*'1 Apiiim :»> Aptirriim ^("tt prit'rttrirtiini '("'* Anu'luiiileH A rcnoioi in -i'M ATfiUi 12:.,13fl Artryrnnctft. flt^ Arinnnios 71 Arnilia 2J3 Aithrolyt'osft 46 Aj*fin-oriiyi;i 8fi7 iMiIavrr 5*17 AHfirtltipliiiia 02 Asi-jil ipliiis 147 aHfaritlff* i Mnnca) fi^l axi'ltoidi-M (PlaiiocepliahiM). ... fll Aftilulm 29.Ml;( np-- '"'■' Aftiraca 27s, 'J!t5 t'Diaria 'Ji^H a-trirta (Orcopirt) HIH iitava (Apliaii;U 281 Athi'ra *"► Altidi-s 48,49, r)2 AtloHles r)2 AttopAiH r.:t au;:In'yi ((JatJipaiinTa* :Ip7 Aiiliiript'-i iiroratiis .'U)J aurora ((.'ymiruHa) 51'< AvtTiius ''i''-i a via (Labidiirornnm) LMt'i HatiH IIH anoinala 1 H nallitHtutna 02. It4. ]t'l Imlti'ata il'ritii't'phora) .'(;i2 lUrbarnthiM 29 Itasciip.ti'* fnTfiriiHua ... 2i);t Ilaniii-.M hna Ii2. U4 jaiiiiti U5 Ai'parata 142 Bp 142 Iwrbli-ri (PrncnriHj 'Mi'.l Itf'l.twloiiiatiila- ;i:W.3Pi Jb-riibiiliiirii 6I1», riiiO r.inMriclutn r»;(I rxoli'ttini 5'IU rrfiKiiM-ntimi fi:t| (ilai'iaturii .'')3I im-qiiiilo 5:iO INDEX. Iloiiilililiiini loniiiiliini S.1I llnrlilliia .186, M" •i<*nfMiiH B13 ru»|>iiliitiiii niD, SI4 |iiiiii-ti|H'nnti4 ."^I.t Kt'XHtrinttiN .M.I tllllllH .lU lliiyliiiu 411 Hiliiniililii' 'iH.sai lilluis.i (Musiii) 86'J liiii(il;ilus (Myi'iitivtuB) !Mi lllttiiius 147,172 Itlali.Ta 217 Hlniiliiliia 4;i lllnltali;p 215 Itl.iliiiH .104 fidiiruiiH .104 iiiiiinliiriH 004 linviilvnn 50.1 lllilriattln .105 HIi'pbiii-oiitiTa 64l( i:'', 'Mia 374 Ii..l.liii .103,594 liillii.liv:lKft .lot Hi'piiltii 503 innliratirn 503 IIiiMilius 30 Uiinii>,viiiii« ;;9 bi'Mii^insi (L;i1)ii]uri)i>iiii.i) 200 I>o*«tt-\<'IulA <'iipii('iinii4 . ...... 402 IVjllii'iiinii'iiiinim 147, 102. in:i luihliiiii 104 iNuiM-i (lllrl.MiplLani) 'jaii llniiiiyicni 502 Uriiclivpi'lla 437 Hi-.M livpiza .W. aliita .101 priH-i-ra .191 I!i'ii<-ii\tarHiiH 406 priHlimiH 460 llr.ii..:i ficifi laiiiiii.irtini .. 006 Kp (107 nrilroiiidi). :U), 005 K|i 007 liTiulhvi (ratiiparncrii) :iH7 Itrt'\ ipidpi 574 liriwt'ii (lilt-diUH) .1(w f.nicliiila. 2«, 484 111 11. liiK 4M iiiiilit 4K4 In iirmrri (Zrtobora) 217 Itr>iM*(H-aria 303 ItiM ktiiiii ( Ain'iinatu.s) 272 lliilirniin 151 llupii'stltlii- 27,493 lliiprt'sti!* 403 rtaxi^cna 404 Ki-iMila 401 »r|iulta 405 !■ rii;iriii 4o;; lihru'<-'*«i I AlilJiniiiyiat .140 lUriliiil.T 400 liv ; iiiiM'iipllH 302,301 tiipiili'Hft'Us - 305 C.Haly.liH 419 .•x«lir|ialii!t - 410, -"iO lapsim 410 ra.-..Mhir.lmi 463,4.10 nni't-riatiiH 405 j ram". I cwlnvrr (Anarcomyla) .1*7 I o»4luraii (ParocUrmliituii) 422 I OHiomun 117 rn'iiiiliinluii ( Derobroiilium 183 cu'HiM (PlatyiitiM) .122 (■alculiiha ( rntliiHia) 194 rnllirtct.iiM ((It.ri'opilcs) 317 CalllHll I'H 537 (!alliiiii\la 5.15 tiii'ptM atu 5.15 <-alloMiiH (.\('mTplialiiH) 3)1 Ciilciiiterygliln. 92.125 CaldmiMiH .135 ralnliTliii'" 104,107 (^aloli.rips 371 <.'aIyptlto(4 ml*. HiittMllluviaiuini 000 (•alyptim «0."> Catiiponutii!! 611 Vl.tllB 010 CamptiipiiK 418 OantlHin 491 p.Tploxiia 401 ('apHaria 302 Oapsida. .342,361 Cnpaiiia 302 Capsoa 301,362, 30H '.a-im 368,369 obsolcractiia 368 Carabida. .. 27,489,517 ('arablni .1.35 Carnbim .135 carliiinariiiA (Dry.irn^to^) 470 (■Hn'<.rata (I.iiuiii'a) 308 ('ai'iiioIiiN 3tI3 Ura v»tll« 363, 364 parviiH 303 wpoHltna 3M.3H4 raHu.H (PlatyniiH) 510 ('alani.urii 244,245 altsons 245 rileyl 215 Catopniiiora 384,387 aiiubi'Vi 387 bradlpyi 387 Calopsiylla 275,277 pvinia 277 (•.•(■iil.niiyiibr! 581,000 ii'latua (Cmiiiwl 433 Ci'lilbiinia 120 CiplialiiinriH 375 Oi'phiMii.H ;!;i4 Ccriiiiib; ida- 28 ('err id if. la 77 Ct'l-ciipidu 315 Ci'iTiiiiida' 315 (Vn-.ipi.litiiii 315 Cir.opin 315,317 aniriria 317,318 fanriata 31.'i, 333 hai40 Chlllulcllilm 30,604 tili.milHMllnl (QiiiMliiis) 608 Clmiillndi^' 147,140 148 28 550 501 45 650 550 661 224 607 678 581 ])r{.4ca OuiiilioKiiiithufl priatiniis . (MielloHia ampla «l' ( hornvtiilat Cliihmin ninpla i-P ('Iitnniioro|ilia1a (.'liiroiiiyza ClilroiiniuiUiu Hp. Oliln niiia 28,578 ilopletus patou» septiiH »P clilttnndBiii (Phindopamcra).. (-'Illll'llillH hilicoUia puiictuliitua ChloroU'Htoa OhoerUliuiii ebcniuuni hiHtt^ruUlea 670 580 678 581 380 617 517 B17 m 400 400 401 Cluilula 384,380 triKutlata 380 Cliuraf;ii8 405 liitllia 405 Cliryxidni 3D Cliryrtis 30 (:lii\HobotIiria liaydeni 27 CliryHoiiicHdiu 28,485 Clirjaopa 165, 160, llin, 100 (;lirj 8 )pidH^ 02, 147, 161, 165 Ciinda 294 CiradelKtcaobscunini 295 C'icadula 310 aaxuna 310 Huxnotata 310 cinctff ( Piilaphrodeti) 334 riiictua (D.vHdcrciia) 410 eiiu'lat'ta (Kpeirn) 85 uinttrai'iiiH (Achreatdcoria) 413 cintTcia (Oypoiia) 308 ('iiuTcacena (Iladrouenia) 370 c'iiici'ia (Gryllacris) 233 Ciimr 92,09,102 ('iti;;rada^ 48 Cixiida 286 CixiilH 278,286 287 287 203 336 339 103 28 363 363 61.62 63,64 66 hcHpcridiini . ])roavus . — rladfldiptvia .. .. ( MaHtoptcra couiatiicki . . Clatht-nttiniioa Clcridai <>Io8tt'roct)ria ele^aiia Cltihioua arcana attoimata ... INDEX. Gluliioott evema IllUUlll latobtnaa tnlcruithtlmlma OHt«ntata aertctm. toinetitOHA Clya Clytlilu OoccUliu CocciiicUli.HJ Coi'CUH (>(u kt'i'ull) (Kecroubruraus) C(i-Ii(lia C(>liiinl>iana wyoiiihiKt-iiBin ColfioptiTH ColU'inbolit coUipitiiH (Plithinocoiia) culliHiirt trni'oiliinnlHtua) cultirai lull Hill (Hodotcrmes) coliiniliiiu (Araiica) coltuiibiann (Cn^lUlia) vniiiiiiixluin (T.ublduioninuO ... corniiioratim (Dcrobnii'bufi) . foinii)uni» {ralecpliina) (rrotTupbiuH) conipactillH (Pifzocoris) coinpaetUH (OpbryaHtet") coniMtocki (Claatoptera) coiiriiintiH (Cyrtonienua) conditn { Lithomyza) coiitlxttn ( Uydrobiiifl) (^(MiiopterynidiL' Coiiiopleryx Connrt'pbalubD CV' Mid M eopi'i (Lo(Tit«8) Copboeoria toi)obri<:oau8 1 Coptucbroimia iii:niiiim Cordulidiu 0: Cureidtt) Cordna Coreitoa Corethra exita Corona Corixft altnnmta betlenaii iininoraa )iit(!rnii)ta piu'uata vauduzetii Corixidio Corizida CurizuH - abditivuH celatUH t»uttatu-i sniiinurnua Corydiilitc'H fi-cumliim CorydaliiM cornutua Corymbitea ini'diiinua BplflldcllH volatUH 725 Pago. I 63 61 I 63,65 I 6(! 63,06 64 63 71 66 241 28 241 407 313 313 313 465 9J, 00 414 422 113 71 313 208 184 328 382 417 477 330 I 451 ; 601 611 02 147 227, 231 6.)6 323 384, 301 391 .184,405 405 , 124, 12-) 342,411 411 411 583 683 411 343 344 345 344, 346 344 345 344 343 411, 432 , 432.433 433 433 433.434 . 433.434 148 149 148 . 149, 152 496 406 490 496 Vane. dirynitua 71 c'uatalia (Pmoiuphiua) 382 ( *i'UHpi-doauiiia 43 i-riueTat ( Drrobrucbua) 180 CialDparla 466 LOiifuHiiH 466 I'luHiia 467 IiiKiibrlH 406 liinatua 466,467 i-t>p(^rtiiH 406 CroophiUiB 507 villiiaiia ."'" ciX'aaDi) 1 ( Litbotorua) 009 (yi'diilcua 118 CropbiiiH 381 Oryptobluiii ,100 C'ryptocepbalua 486 vomiHtua 48."» votuatiia 4H5 Ci-yptoenrcua 218 Cryptiiuhroiiiua 384, 4UU l»tatua 409 C'lypluby piiua 497 planatua 407 tiaio.itriH 497 ('ryptopbaijiilii' 501 CiyploT'byucbu.s 471 aliiiuHlla 471 Cti-reacuriH 384, 394 priuii^fUUH 304 Cuciijidiu 501 '-'ulux 582 dauuatui'iiui 582 proavitim 582 Ciiliciibii 28, 582 ('urtiuliouidiu 471 Cyclirini 535 Uycbiua 536 anilruwsli 636, 537 minor 637 teatona 635 viiluua 530, 537 wboatloyl 536 Oyc'di'hapba .")39 Oydalima 419,420 robuatua 420 ' Cydiiida 430 I Cydiiop.sia 437 Cydnus 435,487 I inainillamia 443 I CvliiidrogastiT 204 I Oyllocoiaria 362 ('unatomera 230 niarulata 230 (Jyinliia 374 (^yiniiidia 518 iiiiiel'icaua 518 aurora 618 i Cyniiiida^ 30 I Cyrtidai 503,664 ' Cyrtoiiifuus 437, 451 coiu-iuimb 451 (_'yrloxipbua 234 j C'yttai oiiiyia 574 ! foiioatrata 575 dalli (Apbidopaia) 264 dauin,atorum (Culcx) 582 Dan.dax 301 Darniistua 421,429 ' Daaypogon 665 726 INDKX. ; niM) puKnnlna iKt lUvitll (nerancnn) l'4N lUwiuni (Trlchontk) »IX> Dei'uloina tW. anlli|iiB tot derttniiiHtiiii (EiiKnamptaii) 4X3 ■l <1<'HAA ( PlmpJA) 61'J (lecliieratiis ( Hyilroliiiin) OU (IwrvpiU (TIpiilA) 57« Dwticlilip 227 IVrt iriia cxKtinrtni 237 ilpro'tiiH (Pai.MUrnilHtiiii) 423 (l4.i.-.ia (Plf.iBI .'iKO ili'lvtiia (Kpi|ihanl8) 4»8 ili'Illa (Eppira) .R^ IMplini'lila MS .'3«lpli«x MS ■eiiilia MS (lentoni (Oii<»riM!c») .WJ (Ii'penllla (Scliira) sua ili'piliH (rrnnixtopla) nprf«.irU (102 r.prhlda 'JTH Drrmratldn' 2H I>t'ro!ir«chiiH 179, !8*J iilMtrm'tiiii IX'.'. 1H3 H'lerniin IKl, IM cii'niili-DtiiH IH'J, ih:i rnmninrtitiifi 182,181 rnilwii' IKl, iwl frigPMCcim ... 182, IMS limrrif'uM 183, 18.'> (IfalitillilH ('"tproatlrhin) ''W deMtriiitui* (PtcHMtichiw) S27 (limii'liix (PLilvmiB) . S31 ilitiiln ilIilirumMa) .MH tleviitus (Pr98 iliaphnim (Lilliecpliora) :t30 IiinpIcfZiim '2Ht* nlmiiiiuni 289, .'»n iMlilttniaiii '.*8:t «lMli)riiiituin 'JSD, L'ftJ wcultoriiMi 281), -.'III nlinnHiitii ... 2H0, 29:i vfinraliilo 289, 21<1 retrriiiu'i'ijii 289. 2911 IHcif>luA .'i''4 aliitHci'iiN S24 dtlHtntiiH S24 chfllKAttin .'i2'> piirpuniliiA yii up .iL'S DiclirooHrytilB ,'(8'i Dirrammn i,i SW, 'i?., .''74 priniirivii .'iTii piibipetiiiiA ^>C>A, S7(i rotflrata ,171 HtiKnio.^a 5U8 Dirlyiipham 288 Ixpuvci 2«fl Ilictynpliaridn 286 Ilidilii'iB (120 luiiinriiiii «20 »"liilt>iii-n» B20 DMlunita 71 Page, DliH-lrIa .163 I)ipliy«a 8(1(1 PIploi-liilii 523 liiiimtiiiwl ,123 iiiiijdr S23 Minlnpiida 43 IMpliTa 28,S,19 Oipli-l'ii rvt'liM-hii)dia S39 1)1 p. ')'» Di'IlitDliaplia ,1(1- dirDt.i II.itliiiplilHl . 2S8 Dlaoohtiinia 4''7, 4S2 «p 4,Vi dio.lccta (Si'lcimyca) 6411 dlsjiitHiii.H (Parnpnoriin) IIH ('riioriii.HUH) ,18 diapnrFU (I.iriiniipHyclh') 199 i iPliilyiiiiH) 521 niHminli'ini luiidinp'r) 224 divi'xiiH (PriH-ydnuH) 440 DofintuH 3U pMylloidpa 314 Dnllcliiipi'/u .174 DcdiclinpiMlidii' .Wi Dolldinpim ,1«2 up Sfl2 IldlouiiMl.'a 62 Doliniia 48(1 iniarKlnata 48il pntiipatica 4811 piinmitnnirt 48(1 pnliiiollia IHl Hiirlii 48n dortnitiiim (PtiTOHtli'hiiH) ,V.'(l dorBuosiiM 1 .inrnnatiiK) .. .. 272 Dnrllirsia 241 |)lil!«iiili.« 48,49,(10.(12 I )ni!*MuH 82 Di.paiii'pli'iyx 104 Divncalin 17(1 iilIaliiT 171) i-arUonariiiN 47(' iiiipr(-r«Hiii« 4;ti Ht')ili'iiti-intiHlia 470 I).\f«ij:riim 12,1, I -'(1, 1.7 frfdiriii) 127, 1,10 lakiHii 127,130.132 piu'liardii 127, I3ii, 13'.' DvHdera (10 DyBdi'li'ilK 4111) rillrlDH 410 llllicolor 410 I)y»di'ridp« 48, 49, .12, Ol) l)yli«ida- SI7 enlt'iii (IM-ocmIiiiim) 4r-* flii-iniiiitii (I'lin-ridiiiiti) 490 Kilylii» liu liitalim nil flTiwiin iKpii iiTiia) 180 Eliiphiim ... ,i:i:i, ,131 iiii'iiiilarifl .*i3i ripat'iiiN .',.'(( t)Hi-aritiH .134 viildirt fj:u KLiIi'iida' 27,49(1 »p 498 .•l.u,iri.i (('lii»i(rc""ii»i .IB:! iKllllMSl .... li.-.f) lKlipr^»aii)iai 294 Elldiplila 297 rt';.'iii«ii« . . 297 P»K«, KllpMM'IIK 117 tdl■)l^ala (LltliopHlN) 301 idiifi^atii<4 (LatToliliiN) 613 idiiHui* ((^ralopariH) 467 I'liiai'iata ( Aphliliipf'iH) 28.^ En)l>idl)ia 1)2 iMiHTrtun) (Nolotiwla) illfl I'liiiTlnni (Epidra) 87 Empli.tla 117,6«g Kiiipiila) 29 Kiit'hnpliora 279 Rii(cipti>li)phi)a 224 Ki)di'i-a(oiiiiiHrngoHiiii 491 Kliriij.tiTida* 23S KdtiiiitiM 474 primonUalla 471 Kn.vnida' 63 Kcitliiw 3,15 fli'tfann 3,16 i;«tii)Kla 3,19 nnti'Diiala 300 (pilii(|iiiM'ariuata 3,19 Epiira Kl, 70,82 ■ '.Mwiiidila 82,81 liiii'facta 82,81 dflita 82,83 .rucrloiil 82.87 fojrcna 82 liraiii/.li 82 nii-.kii 82,83 iriolaHMiea 82 lipaila 89 »p 88,89 lrii«.liflii 82,84 viilcanallK 8^,8(1 Kpidiidin 48, 49,60,7* Kl. iridinii — 76 Kpliiiiicra 118, 119, 12(¥ t'XflDrca 124 iiiimiiMlla 120, 121 iiiliii'upla 120,123 uiai'ili'iita 120,122 • •.•iiiiim-n^it 119 piiriiii nsa 120, 123 taliillc.l 120 EpliiMMirida- 92,118 I''pli.\drinida' 543 Epiranii. 478 I ll'.nsin 480 "■>aiiinii» 479 urifii'im 478 Haxalilir* 478 Eplphaiiin 498 I'liniiiliiH ... 498 dcl.lin 498 KpipNIM'IIH 117 i;pi>ra 301 KiiMiiiblda! 226 Mrrniortn-is 430 l'!tfH(iidat 49, .12 I'jli:nin* 71 Kridlalin B.18 lapidi'DA 6,18 KrilliiiH 62 Kill 71 Krnlyliilai 602 cniptioiitH (Paladindla) ... . 189 ErylhruniMia 120,137,139 Etinn'MriK 41(),4r> iiiri'riialiH 426 EllinriliH 384,392 i I . I'UKB. KiivorltPii teroMons 392 EiiiltaKogiis 476 i^mmiiiiii 480 i'X«iilmlii 479 H,ixnlillii 478 tnrroaiiK 476 KiiuiiiiinptuB ail ilticfiiinBtiiH 482 Kraiiilii'vuii 481 Kuopliryn 62 Kii|>liii'a 125 Kiirlilims oncuUiia 'ii KiiryiWMiia 4S3 KiirjopuA 71 ' KiirypnnrupnilliliD 9H Kiirypauropiis 9ri KiiHiircorlH 46^) KiiHClilntiiH antiqina 4ri4 Eiitcrmi'n 104,106,111 <:roHtfriiH 105 rcmHnriim 105,114. IIS ■lU'iiilil 105,114,115 olmctirua 105 up 110 EiizonuB 43 Eva^oraH 354 evaiu*«cui)H (Nt^iiionia) 190 evetita (luoci'llia) 180 mnrsa (Cliibiiina) 83 t^vldoiifi (JaHHopHis) 312 eviratiis (Pdlyfi'iilropus) 182 iivocatim ( i'araltim) 54 uvnliiln (Uiina'u) 309 vvulHiiB(Lithocariii) 391 oxniilinutiM (Pai'odnrmiHtua)... 423 IIXHIlillllH (EpIcdTiis) 470 luiwua (Piilycimtropus) 181 exila (Corethra) 6Rt Kiit.'liis 314,408 ('XHnnKiils 408 moli'tmii (Benibldliim) 530 cxwiiiKllia (Exitolus) 408 I'xstirpatiis (Caonlydus) 420 cxHiica (ApluintaphiH) 354 ixHiicca (Eplii'iiicrn) '24 ixsuL'tim (Linyrocorls) 386 r\siilaris (Agiioii) 139 I'xnulatuiii (I'xbidiiromnia) .. 212 oxIi'iniiHatus (Tiiipi'zoiiotns) . . 395 cxteniatim (Litobroflms) 180 pxthicla (Mic1iroiiiu8) 404 ExyHtou 609 fiDcatua (FuHcUB) 366 I'luculeulus (Ly^ioiis) 377 li'i'uiidiiiu (Corvdalitfs) UU fiMii'Slrata (Cy ttaroniyia) 575 Kirarusa 301 FioariiBiti'B 301 Hti^iiiatiiuim 301 llcliliH (Clioragns) 465 liiiibi'iata (Litlmpsis) 30O IhiMiita (Trilxu-bryi a) 172 llabi^Uum (Trosi a'.) 344 tlaf(ida(AKallla) 306 Flala 278,209 Fliitida 299 Klcftia 71 FloiisMintia 293 olegaDS 294 INDKX. Pago. fixllnui (Parntermoa) 112 finda (llmria) 432 foliarnm (Ve.,;atumlt«a) 46'J Fxrohii'lla anniilipiM 202 Korftcula J0» alblpi'iiniH 203 aiirlculaila... 202,203,211 liulienaia 202 iiilimr 202 mlimta 202 parallcia 202 ] priiiiit(u>ila 202 recta 202 i FnrHciilarla probleniatioft 203 Forllculariin 202 Formica 618 , iircana 618 Foriiiicbbo 30,610 fitHHAMiin (Eiitcrmofl) 115 : foHHlllH (PaluMithrlpa) ... 373 IVaitim (PteriMllibiiH) 527 f'raKmcnIiini (llfliiibldluiu) 531 frodericll (D.NSiinrlon) 130 froiiiontll (PnicilotansilH) SO,! frl|ie»i<>n» (Dcnibrochiia) 185 Fiiluora 284 Uraiinlcsa 284 obtlceHCpnn 285 popiilata 2S4 Fiilgorida 270 FuluoriiiB 278 fundi (Thainuotottlx) 310 FuMii* 364 tiiuttlua 365 OaliTiicBlla 485 niarltliiia 185 l)icfa 4K5 OalKulidii? 101,347 Kaiiiietll (Tbamnotcttlx) .109 gni'diiiM'i (LithocbroiiiuH) 403 1 Gar;;apliia 3.')!( I Gea krantzil 82 , gelkiel (KlilpipborUH) 4!l f;elatuH ( PatrobuH) 530 exlldtlB (PtiToatichns) 527 Geocnrliia 381 GbocoHh 38 t int'crnornm 3K1 GcophiliiH 4:1 G.Tai.con 24(,21H darlaii 21.'( pctrorura 248, 240 348 321 290 211 533 iJ31 505 013 613 .19'', 597 692 592 .592 727 Gerrla giRnntoa (Petrolyatrn) ... (Plannphlcbia) gil lerti (T.abidiiri)iiinia).. glacialirt (I.oriceni) ({laciatiiiu (I!embidiun)) . . Illaciatiis (niwliiis) Glypta transver.^alirt Giioriato apicallB dcutoiii mo^arrbilia Goiiipbida' 92,125 Gomphoi'crus 223 al>8tniHuii 223 fiMiioralis 220 Gom;>lioideH 125 Paiw. (loiiiphua 126 Goiiatna 896 GiirKiipla 63,68 KimliitonalH (Ni'cnicydniia) 448 Orii.a 76 Rrandaiviia (EiiKuamptua) 481 lltaiiulcmt (FiilKora) 284 gravatiia ((,*armt'luB) 364 Krarida ( l.liiiui'a) 390 ({ravldatiirt (TliliiiimoaobUtua). 463 Gryllacrldldai 232 GryllacrU 238 charpciitlerl 233 olni'rla 233 iiiiKori 233 GryllidiH 234 (iiylli)talpa 234 Grylliitalpldm 235 Grylliia 234 Kulnaa (Ili'cria) 431 gutlahiH ((!ui'iziia) 434 (I.itliyiiiiictoa) 229 (juyntl CIVllii!' .^) 78 (tymnet niii 471 leculitcl 471 totPi- 473 Gypona 307 clnercla 308 OyroptuL'na 509 aaxicola 600 vinula 600 I Hadroiicnia 370 ctliBrfiHCClla 370 I bai;enll (ParuttMniCH) 110 buldoiiiaui (l>iaplc){ma) S89 Ilab^Hxiid 192 ball! (.Platynus) 520 Italobaton 361,363 Ilalometra 3B0 llillys 4.'-.3 Hammapti'ryx 208 rctliMilata 298 ^ bnrgori (Apliidopsia) 262 llurmoatitcs 432 Uarpactor 354 Ifirpoct'ra 302 bai 'til (Platynus) 522 ITaHBoltidcrt 15 lIiMda 430 liida 431,432 uubwa 431 lapldii.Ha 431,432 Ililiotlirlps 371 lli'lumy/.idii! 547 nelo])hi1u» 558 Ilflopborufl 510 liuiatiH 511 rijri>sc6nM 51 Hcabor 517 tnbcrculatua 517 Ilemirnbidni 92,140,161 llemildbina 92,161 Hnuin-nliius 147 U.Miiiiitcra 238 bcnsbawi (l)iplnehila) 523 helltzii (Totbiiuus) 80 bi-ro« ( Peti oly stra) 322 llcrsilioidw 49,1)2 bcspcridnm (Clxiiia) 287 boHterua (TitanoDoa) 09 126 INDEX. ; r I'llllp. IIi'l>'i(iiiiiinl« 'in IIi'tcruiiitalrliM a74 ]lt>ti>ritiiinm O'J llntomiiiyift Ml ilclpiU MK ai'iilllit m ill'llTlipllll-llIk I'.'.'l lli>l.r<>|iti'n> a;in liiiiili'l iPlut.vniiii) D2<> Illpiiiiii'iiit iiicliiniiitlotua '.'34 HlrMKiiii'tii'iiliiv '.'U liimiitH (AiToceritt A63 lli«ti'iiilii' ?« IliHtoiMMiii n'< H(Hli>ti>rfiM>ii IU«, 1(111. n:i I'oliiradi'niiia luS, 111 liulilliiKcri lO.'i liriM'tTUit lOft Ilojcliiirpn I7:i Hull iir|i« 147, I7:i luncillcmil 174 luilmpMll (I.initu'tt) :u)7 IIoiiialolM r>iilt TfteirtA WMi Hotllntll'llllllt ItiiJ HiMnii'ii);iiiiiia 217 vi-iilriima ItlH lliiiiiiipe.tii 2.10 llnptum»rlill!«. 302 IIurmiitriiH .. 467 partltiin 4«7 li.Viiliiuiiii (I.ltliiicriDU) !.')'< livilltiH.'^rioplhlil} r)<.l7 Ilyilriili«li(l:i' .I.V) lIvdrnliiiiH ."ill i-niirUiin 511 ili'iiiiKratllH r>ll filM-ipcn .Ml llytlrorliiiH .'iI.^ ninii'tiin .Mft reli''tiin ,1lti HnlMilpr*ii:t :i.'>i HMlri.pliiliiliiv 27.SI0 llMlii>|'liilil!i 27 liydi'DpiiA iMniH'n) 553 Hyilrf>pi4\i')ii« 170 tiiiiti-flm IHH »>|HTta IHO llMlr»p!<\i'hlilii< B'J. 177, 170 llMlriipliliihi- 0'.', 177 llyKruln'cli'lH ;t5i ri-niiijiri 3.'r_» Btftii :i.',| llylaAlt'H 4tit< HqiiHlidcnn 4(;h IlylobiiiM 47:1 niDfiiNiin- 47;( pit'lvoi-iiH 47.1 pniM-i'iim 47:f llyiiiiniipl.ia 31', 001 Ily|Hjrlir>Nu ifio II\|H>cliiii'a 010,017 cdilili-raU 010 II\IiNfloiMrtilll 411 1 1 )i 111*11 iiKiii tm« pi'iriiiiiN tioh Irliitf-iiriHinlda- :«». oom lla) MH llii :ipii\ li'liKiiiillal 401) Ind Ilia (I'Miiii'iiiiildunl iM iiiiliiiivMi'iiii (TiriMolilittiiii) 4KI liidiiiiia ,. lli;i lalniliK* nn, lut liiliuloHa ion iiiPipiiiIlK ( rrllmilin Ml 170 liiiTiiiiH iTaiialiidi'^i 397 inl'i'iimlix (KUriKiillnl 430 Miriiiiiiniiii ((ii'uriirlal IIHl iiir-'iiMiiii (I.aliidiii'niiiiiia) 214 luui'im 1 1 Tilaiiii ral Oil iiiliililiuH il'aiudai'iniatiia) 4'.'4 liiiHillia UO, l.'>4, IM i'ilU'''ia 15.1 ivi'iiia ITifl. lim ■iiiiiiiiili'iita 150, l.'i7 liiiiiilliilit 150. l.*.« vi'CiTiiim 150 iiiMi'iiata il'.iliM'pliiiiiii 3'jii ill>iit:uii il'aiiili'iiiii-Hi liiH ilinliilMlii l.\|:alllai 307 Ihlrii'iiipla iKphi'iiiiTUI 1'.'3 llili-rnlatialo (l.alliiidiiiitii) 60*1 iiili'lila i.Viiypliii iial 67 iriiiiiil.iiiiH iPii>1\;;mmiii) 400 iliiliiil.ilU lllhipliniii) 534 iralaphniili'M) 335 iHiia 314 1» liiiiirliyiii'liiia ;igi Uiiptil«'liia I'ii iHsiila . •j7(( iHMlla . H()7 rilliilm 43 IlllllH 4( aiillipiDH 43 HaliulimiiM 43 tidlliatiM- 4t ti-rii^MtriN 43 Ixmloa 47 tirtlariiiit 47 Ixoiliila. 47 .laanida ;o»'j .laN^idiM* ;m»2 Jii.'.-dpiilit 312 v\ idwim 312 •la,«i.ii» 302, 30H lali-lilii' 3(i>* Hpiiiii'iiriiiH ;i()rt .liiiiipi'riiH riMiiiiiiiniN 4itH Jiivi'iiii I Kli.Mi.sa) floil lalialiiH I N'ecriH'liruniiiH) 4i)7 laliftar'a ( lMir\ ;;ailiM( 107 lalii-li'* 1 1'.iliiilllluiiiiiia) 214 Liiliia liiiliiir '202 , Labidiini 204 lilhiipliila 213 iipatia 200,210 till ill la 20D I,.ilmlii iitiiiiia '20.1 avia 206 liMrinalini '203, 'JUO ('uiiiiiii.ttuiii 2U5, '20H I.altldutiiiiiiiia I'XHiiUluiii KilliKill iul'lillllllll Ulxtiia ,. litliiiplilliiiii rlalf "P iHrliarliiMi l.aci'iililim idiiiiKiiliia l.ai'iiiplilliiH itiiu'iilimiia •P laK-rophryn laihlaiii (lliilliniinlrriMuiiii) LiirliiiiiM pi'tiiiriiiii I|III'HIII>11 Ia*'iin (I 'iipHitn) lai-iiiiiphlii'iiN la' vi(jal im ( I'Iitiihi lihim) laki>Hil {ny>aKriiiii> lanilimniiii (Hrariiii) lanuiifiia iProiTiipliiiiHl liiiiiziiidiiM iPliililitiN-uria) lapidariiH ( PnlinHrliUtilH) lapidi'Hi'i'ii: ( l)\ iliimi'iipiiH) lapidi'iiH (Kllnlalln) lapldiiHa (lli'tti-iai ... lapHiij* tCaralydiiH) lai-vala (.Karliiia) l.aHinpli'i a ri'Cr.-iaA LaniiiH tcrri'iiH liiHHa (ShrnaplilH) latidira- I'laatiiiH) lalrliroHa ((vliiliional Latrriurudir Uilh mill mil allirl'HMIIIll i-tniit:aliiiii Uiaiido iiiii'ij^lacialM I.aliiidia laliuiiin (I'aralliml Lcliia li'i'iiiit^'i (Oviiiiintrnii) Ifi-l il.ynlral I.i'i^^ioti'iipliiiri patriarcliii'ii.H Lrpiiliii-yrtim 1.1 pidiipii ra I.i'piHiiia plalyimra Miri'liaiiiia I.i-piNiiia(idii' l.i'ptiililiirlillH liit»»ilH i.i'piiM iiidii' at:, 1.1 liKiplili'lila 1,1'ptosri'liil I.i'ply>iiiiu I..-M... 128, i-oloiattin irla IrlK'ilHla llirra priHiniM' viriiia li'Hii'iiril (Oryctaphia) . !'•;:■'. 20.1, 'il3 '2ll\311 . 20.1,^14 . '205,314 '2U», 213 •205, '207 214 '203, 20U B19 SI3 517 517 617 007 lot 213 340 250 3\miIUIii' 3,10, !I4U Lliiiniilili:» 311 Liiiuioi-liiirt'H 47 Hiitl<|Uiin 101, 347 I,iiiiiiii|ililllila' 02, 177. 17H, 102 I.lMiiio|ililliiin 874 Llmnoplilliin 10.1 MOporHtUH 103 Liiiiiiii|trt>'clin lOH (llnpirnit 100 LiiniintrtL-hiiH 3ftl liiiiiiHiH (ThUbuoioiiUH) 4ftO Uiiiiuii 384,30(1 aliiilllit 307,30« carii'ialu 3»7,3»ii I'VoUitii . .'107,300 gmvlilii. 307. .1110 IkiIiiichII ;i07 liiiliiDiiil 307 I.liiV|iliiii «1, 71,75 i-hi'int(-unt)ia "(I lalciiMU 7.'> KlttCllHirt 7."» L.nini-tiipiini til7 piii^iiu 017 I.irtlKiJinliiH 474 inuratdH 474 I.ilhuiliilhiips 372 vt'ttiKta 372 l.illia;;! inn 1 2.'). 120. 127, 134 liviiliiiuin 127. l;(.j uriiliraluiii 127. 13.~i. 130 I.il hapliis 214, 2.'i7 iliriita 2.^8 I.ilhi'iphiiia 320 iliuplianit 330 imirata 330,331 Heti>Ei'rn 330 llllicolor 330,331 I.iltifibiiiri 43 Lithia'liniinim 384,402 I'MniiirllK 403,404 |;ai'iliitj|'i 403 iiiorhiariiiM — 403,401 oliatrii'tiiH 403 LitlliMiilii 3«4,;i0« ^■VlIUu^ 301 I.itll(iiri,\/.a 000 iiimlita twi liiliopliilnui (La)ii(liii'oiiiiiia).. . 21.3 I.illiiipnvna 5«II tiiniiilla 500 I.illiiipsiH 1 . . 200 I'lolicalft 300, 30 1 liiiiliriata 30(1 Litliorialia 540 INDKX. MlliDrliillH pl«lu I.llhiitiiruM (■i-()aw>iil. Lltll,VIIIIM«tl>H tfUttllitlM LItdliriH'liim I.IO.FI|{.IO|. whItBl LoiMlHtU KI'UlfllhllKUuA. IH'Chldlltulll ■iliiiia Lcicimtai'lHi 729 Tiitfo. Ml tiOlf ttOU •jirt 17t), 1H0 iwi 32:i ;i2:t M» LuciifttltuH iiinrulata. Loiu'liii-ii Ht'iirHemm viiifliiuliri lIIUi|Mllpl lon^rj|H'N (Orthrioi'Oilmi) .. I.n|i]tllu LttpllO^lllHHIIfl LoplinnntiM L<>plin|it(lii I'OpUH Lorii-uni niTult'Hccnii (lt'<'finpiiiictntiv Ulll('illliF4 llltllHli. rorU'iMiiii Ijixiindi iiH urIidiiM liititriii (AplililopMiNt .. . . liitiilii'4 (KclytiiH) liiiviislrt (OlianiH) tlltlMlM (l.l-ptnlH'lKtllUH) ... tiiln>'i( iLorirria) liilosiM ( Aiiit3lunc()ii). LyruMuiilu' [«.vctOf(iriH triieniH Lvpi'jiria l..vnifiili»* L.vnu'iiiii I.ypritiirt LVKii'11'1 ■ rironh'iitUH llllltilUH tllt.HiilfHt'CIIH Htubnitiis Lyjiim I-yHtia h'vi lic-hardHuiii Maciiria inaecr (TIiHIxhihmuih) iniU'uriatUH (< 'iiro^chistUH) . iniu'ilfiita (Kplh'itK r.t) .. . nmri't>MC('iis ( klit'pOL'tii'iH). . Maci'Mi'cdtr.is iiuiL'ii'iita (('yniatoriiL-rii) .. d'al'^' plun-a) lUACuhma iliiilcorpu) •::v* ZW. 2 12 ■_':i2 i;rj 234 227 B3U 530 I 530 630 615 575 430 302 520 43 278 302 633 .133 533 r>33 533 534 .V27 203 014 288 187 533 270 40, 52 361 361 376 342, 374 374, 375 375 370 370. 377 370 370. 377 370 302 28J 282, 283 282, 283 02 4.'! I 450 122 427 007 230 320 174 r»K«. MnliU'iMliirniaU 28 niuiiilllaiiiiit (I'riw.v'lniia) 443 iiittni n (St«iiiii>K) 116 Miti'iKwphiilii 4.M, 450, 464 »p 464 iiiKi'kll (Rpeini) 8S MeKuIuiiiiiH 164 Mt^UiHiplMirn 62 Mt'laiiotbrlpH. 371 extlucta STl Meliililai 28 MiMiibrucUU 302 Moaubrnrhiin 170, 188 Iniliinllliia 188,180 b'Uiasua 188 Mvti'oriia 007 Metlcibati'a 353, 3.'i;i U'lernulia 353 M lort'ly tnirl» 418 Micromiia 147. 103 liirtua 105 Mliriivelitt 340 Mb'i'vphniitea 70 M Idaaldii' 20 Mlloala 565,557 ipinilrata U7 niiuliiia iJUiopocoria) 420 iiiiniir (C'ycbriiH) 537 MirariA 302 Milla 361, ,162 Mizallft ,51 MiHMiioHyiio torriMitiilft 203 Munaiithia 357, 3,58 (|iia(lriiiiaciilat« 3.'>8 VLitHroa 359 woinU 358 Monupblebiia 241 puiinatua 212 Bliiip1i!X 242 Morcldlldaj 28 Munuuliu'oidea artietilatiia ... 148 iiiortaUMl'ablduruniinn) 207 liinrlU'iiia (Palluptcril ,540 iiH>rluariim(Litlioebr(>inua) 404 m»t'tiiallu(Paui-iulia) 003 iiiiil'liliia (OxyKonila) 406 iiilldKi'l (Aicbiliiehnila) 247 iiiiiltlH piuoan CCy I biila) 221 niiirala (LittiBcpbora) 331 iiiuratiirt (I.i.strnittttna) 474 MtiHCti 551 aacaridt-H 551 bib»na 552 liydrupii'U 553 «p 553 vinculata 554 Muacirtw 20, .551 iimtilata (Thninnotettix) 300 Mutillida< 30 Mycetuphila .588 ocoultatfk 588 730 INDION. Pajtr ' M.rr«lii|ili;ilda< SM. IW •11 .MM M yi'cil ifl UH IMI3 bliKitiilna 'Ml MII|Illllll|l«lllllll MJ M.\c)<|.ulmrlit U:i.:i»4 M\ml"l"» M vriHptHU . .. . M>riiiiOt4tii ... Mvntii*li*riiili'» "P M.\rnilol(1ii' Myiilii('lri» pAllKltlielM . UhllllTlll . 33»,M0,;Ul ■J.'4 ■::* ii;i»,3to. U7 .'..12 M'l .'J'.' .VfrrorhriHiiuH S**4. 4«rt ••...■ken.111 4(KI,4in luhiitun iti6.un MtlHnm «im.40T N'l'crm-yilmii* 437,44.'! iitii>£(iiitiii 414. 44fl lEoniiiit'iiiili 44*. 444 ieviM|u« 444,44k Mnlor. 444,447 williLltuil 444.447 myiliua 444. 44« t(ii|>eiiii 444,444 TiilcmitUM 444 .Ni.cri>|w>IU •.•7.%'J7t) ri;;iilii 276 .NVcy|I"i>iii* •147 niliiiiiliiiuji 34K N't'liiinliiiiiii Hit .S.imitiM im .'rtW Ni iiiuliluH 'J.'M l*rllaritiii 2^i.'i vjltatua 2J& NrolhiiiK-M M5 tentl'IlN M'l \o|iliilii 51, 52, 7(1. MB Ix'llliutiliefl H!) )ilulllipc'rt 1H> .N.-piilii- ;i3«,340 du-j IMI lUtl IWI IU7 •1 278 \.|llUlllll Ni'urwnrU Nfiiri)ui» t-viUifHceiin ii-iii iiljdi Mi-iiiirAMi iutu N'«Miriipl«'ra iti;;r» j.-^tt'iiovflia/ iii;:miiii ll'l«T>i|lli^llia) Nill.hlliila- 27, 41(9 rtnitoiii (TaioitiiH) ih)4 Nii-o,liiiilriin ri9 (rKjiMiiii 4!»l» tiriiiolnr IW Ni.lliiK'ljryna 147, IM. I(U*. |i;'.l flllviripA lliU Ni>(j|>liiliiiii .Vl;i .Viplniicrtil 344 iriiiTaunl 844 ^°uloul'C'llUa^ 340 Nyc'lophyUi 27U iililrri 270 vlull a7H,2M) Nyniphallilw 211 NyiiiphrN .. 147 Ny.lHn 377 ■trttliK 3711, :iMi (•rrw ... 37«,:i7ii Irltiiii 378, 37» vn'iil* 37M rluvliia 37)1 nliilnniiitMiu (l)l»pliM tiliHi'iii'U (Pul.ipliriHli'4) 335 ohMilfriM'dii* (I 'iipMlltf , . ,. 348 oliHiilrNrrr.* I [.\ Ull'llK) 377 ■ibiuilxtutii (SiiiphylliiltiM) .. AlU ithHtrlcdM il.illiiH'lininmal 403 uli(i« la ( IVllliiiiiiiiil •'UII iili(ii'<>>4ft*ita (K'jltforal 2.i1 iHciillaItt (Mti'ctoplillill 6ni< iH'i iiltiiniiii (Diapli'KiiiH) 201 Oi'hyriiciirla 241 Oiypctc M Oiliiiiatii 0.', I.'4 OiliiiitiH'ifrdni 101 (KraiKhiia 2;i4 (Killp 22», 221 a-li)li.£clii«ia 224,22.') pca'lnt-atil 2.'-'> iKdipiKllilu' 220.23.1 i, ( irliil.'Uria' 411, 74 Orrhi'litnlltli 231 ('(Kit inniiin 231 placiiliiiii . . . - '231 (Irsillaiia 378 ():lailil,i 29, .'40 lllll 1111,1 MK> (llllic.plil.l.i* 1T2 drill. ip- 3<)2 (lillH'pti la 2(M Oriliorliapha H2 OrttiiiocoriHa 410, 4'.'0- loiigipca 43U OryoUpbU 344,'J(UI liwiirurll 044.24; ii'i'iiiiillla 24(1 Oryi (imclrlctca |irutii|{«'iia . 2H Oamyliia 144,147,141, 142 pIctMa 1(12, 143 ri'ipililiia loj iMd'iilata ii'liihliina) 4.1 ii«lciieii« il'ii'i'iliicapanai 340 (MIorliyiK'lililu' 47,^ (Itliirhyiirliiia 4711 I (liililiia 477 IM'nIiliia 174 aiilratiia 477 liiiiilui' 477 iiiiatali'tl I rniii 4H7 ovale i.Viiiililiini) 4DI (Ivycaii'iiliia ;|81 Oxyi'iiniiN 4(M iiKirdiiia 404 <'»VI'"rii" 505 "tirUciia S(i,^ Ot\h'liip« ftidi pilatllma. 6(i;i rii((»"iia iMii i'llcliynirla 4;|.^ t'ailiyiiiiTiia 3(14, 4U0 raai'lallla 307 pi'daiiaia 401 piik'Mliia 3B7 I'ncliypnylla vi.l I'acliy (yliiM 221 |iai karilii iDyMiitrliiii) 132 I'aladii'i'ila 170,188 inipi Ionia ion I'alaiM'liivaa 147,144 ' oliliipm .'134, :Ma "liaiiiia 3.'l4,:i3.'i (raiiavurH.i .134. 3.'I0 Pillcrphiira 3-J4 ciiinlliuilia 324, 32N iiiiii'iiata 324, 3'.>ll iiia(-iila(a .. :i'j(t iiiarvinei 3'2rt, 3*27 piilirai(a 320,327 pravaliiir. 3'.'ll.3'2y I'.lli'lllhollH llnlitrcMIH *20 pali'ciiK-laa (Nc)ii'i.i) ... .'i32 I'.iliiiKi'liia IIH. 110 ffiadiialllt'li. 119 Palliipt.™ 5411 iiiiii'lii ilia .'>4i> palii(lii:('iia I Ti I' '•j 1Uiinil\Krm .. 1119 I'lininililla IWI I'i'llliulllll'll tu'i I vi'HlIU Ml i I'.iniKiin 5'J,U I (IVlM'BtllM Ki,M Irilllittim e3,M ri'niirri'Ctnit 611 riiroiliirinlntiiM ... *l»,i'il iiliHi'laniin 4'il,4'i2 niiliii'iiH 4'J1,49'J ioIIIhuh... m.iTJ iMnUiH.. 43l,4'i:i I'miiiiuiiiliiii 411, 4^9 liilill.ltiiH 421,414 I'lirolaiiil iriiilln 18 r»l'll|l XMIH 117 illN.lumilUH 118 I'ltriili'iiiii'H IM rudiiiii' ioMoi,iii Imilimll 10M0M,1I0 lll«lKUiil 109,101* liiinlliiH (IliirniiHciiH) 407 p.il'VilH (ThlllminoliiiH) 440 p.ili riictii ( l*iili'i'|ili(iru) :I27 |iii(<-tiH (Chlriiitiiiniu) AHO li.itrliircliiiMin (LuiHti|ihu8) . . It07 riilniliiia lun llclntUK miu Hrplciiltiniili* B,tu I'liiiriipiilik OH pnili'i (rii'i'iit) 118.^ I'.liiliiiiH ao I'l'lo^^diiiiH ,"(47 I'l'inpliiKliiii' 249 Punipiil)2uii ... 2411 lii'iitiiillpi'ii (N'i'plilla) eu pc'iiiiiiliiH (Ari'lilluolinliH) 247 ri'iiUtiiiim 4:iS,4.M IVulaliiiiitdu 45:i ri'iiliiliiiiililiK 342.4:i.'> ri'iitiitoiiilli'H 4511,4(11 I'olianiiii 402 rt'iitlKMi'iii HiiiiilkiiiiitM'iiu .'in:) liurdlliiH (illiiirli.Mii^ljiia) 476 ptM't'iiiplur* (riiv.iii-oriH) 417 ]M'i't'iiiiatim('ritliltonit'iiiiH) 4Su peril iiH (Pii>/(M-ori(4) 417 roi'linii 02 IVtaliu i:>.-, IN'talui 1 i2.'i p.'trii'ii.^ (r.iihiiiuroria) 416 pfln-iiHis ([*ur)i\ riinni.H) 4((i prtrciif* { rMibttiiiuiiUH) ... 44;> pt'triiiiiH (U'liih'uiiioii) ouH IN^ti'ol.vHtiit 31J) j;i;:iiiiti'a — ;t2I hcros 321,322 pi'troruin ((irraiu'oii) lUO l'liaii.i'ii.H 481) ulltii|lliH 480 culliit'i'X 4M) pint" 4811 I'liaiii'i iiplna vil ilatu 227 I'IniHiuiila 211) riii'UoUa 480 liruiiHn 409 r«Kilni>i 6tl i prlinaru 611 «P . 611 PlilliHlrniiilnai 40,66 I'lillMKBiiln IM, 128,136 | IMilln'nrKux IIT I'liliii lU 436 I'lildMtftliiiiN, 401 IMili»i>lliilp« 371 I'hriKlcipaiNi'ra 884,368 I'hllti-nili'Ul 388,3iii 11)7 aiitli|Ui> 178, lUk lilumll 17H, 101 iMiiuiiilaiiii I0:i UiTanilliiiiu 11)3 tininillii IU8 li.vpi rlHiri'u 81 Ulixrai'lit 11)7 nilniro.i lUI opiiitit ... 18U I'lirjKiihhlai 81,177, lU.t l'hr.viilila> 4.'i nithlljiii'iirln 413,411 c'liillKutiiii 411 laiiKniiliiH 414,4I.'> li'lliaiKii'iia 4I4.4I,''> p«liiiiii« 414,410 I'li.vllouliicliuiliki'arcliii ;i,'i7 I'liylliiphiiriila^ 227 rii>llupt'ij|iiiii.'< :io:i Pliyt<>ptiiMaiitli|iiua 47 piitttdialiiiiii'lla) 4hS piiaalLitliurtaliit) .^ill IMeriliiu 2!) I'li'Hlna Xi7 I ol Hilda 3,18 I'lfJiKorin 412,410 cunipactilin 417 piTi'iiiptuii 417 piTltllH 417 I'iiiipla 30,610 dcccHHu orj iiistigatiir 012 aaxoa oio "iiiiuitt oil pinituc iLiuiiiiMupiiln) 017 I'ipuiirulida- y,i\ I'lrate.s 34 I'iralUia ;i,-,4 plai-atiiH (Tt'tmiHcliiatiiM) 4.'j7 phu'idlliii lOrchi'llniiliiil 231 lMa){i<>);nai Imila 302 IMaiiiptiiinia 02,140 I'laiiowplialiis 04, 08, 347 asflliiidt-H 01 riaiiciplili 111 I 290 txi)£)ilitea 200 I'ltttyciH'iHis 126,127 aiitiipia 127 icanin 127 platynii'ia iLcpianiii) IU2 IMatyiiiBils 3M Plutjniii Ill ril'aiiH . , Ill ■ aiiuii Sit (TDiilittrlittiw 618,620,611 di'iiui'tiiii .. S'JI dUnipaliiii Ul lialll 630 liiiillil 631 lilnili'l fio rulirlpen 619,630,611 •el»'« 618 Tiirlulaliilt 619 I'latypi'tidiK gj,^ ''I"''" 61.1 tliuonla) .. 302 pimcnpiitida (.Aiia.ia) .. 412 priacotiiicta (TettljEouia) 303 prUcovariogata (Tettigonia) . . . 303 732 INDEX. !: II priHiMiH (Aiithi'roplmjjtirt) 501 phr«liiiim(ltr;i«'ii>tar.Hiirt) 4ti0(t ilepiti.i 54HI He\iiiaritla(a ."iiK) Priillt-lnnbiUH 234 iiiiluriitUH 2;t4. 2;(.'» Hinithii 234.2.lli l*'i liuiiiis 2:M. 2;t.'i Proiiuptili'liiii .'173 n-tUviv.i .'(74 pionu.-* (I'loi-ydliUH) 4:t9 l'rnprt*»s .'I'J ptultiiii|iiii (.'>iphiini>pliortiitlt-H) 2.^7 projiilhi'Mlls ( IMlfporniiH) ... 420 I'ni.iPuara 343 tlalicllum ;i44 I'riili IHir 419. 424 iriiliiiillis ... 424 I>ri)tiiiM-iii'a 127 l'rilill<.i*Ii'A (Di.i'iliiilM) 314 l'-\l|.,pni.H 27,'. I'l. rc.nl iiliilK .Vi.'. alin.;!:ttilri r.2.*. cnrai iliiin 528 d**Hlitu(IIH 520 ilcNltlKllltt >'i27 *l<.iiiiit.tii.4 .'.26 fi.K-tun 627 gelidua 527 Pt<.rostichiia lH.r(-ulaiit.iiH . hlHlHI.IlilMIri la-tuli.H Iii.vl>;»(ii8 ).ati'ti"lirt nayi "P xl.VKicKH PloioHtJ^iiia ni):riiiii rctiirvimi Pthiida' Pt.ycl-opteriiia PtVfllW piltiiii'uHa (Kplii-rnt-ia) piilii'tiilata (Stf..i.p('tla) piiiK-tulatiis (Clila-lliiis) pitliiaiiu (Liiiiui-a) l*\iali.la' P\ irlu.i'iiriiift P> ITllMSO'lia 12( PvthuniNHa ipiailiula (\l>l().*ia) - ■• ljlh-llill.4 l.i.wiri i'liaiiil.t>rlinl . . . . iimliii'liinuH iplcslich iSl.i-napliisl. . tiilit'tu.t ( IVocydnilH). i'H()lie.H()iii>i (Sipli(.iH»pliuroit.-iMa I Liiiypliia) i-etii'iilala ( Haliiiiiapti'i'yx) .... Uttil.laria- n-vcft'm (.N'cf n.fy.iim»> n-yt'lata (Sci.iHiyra» ieviviMCciiH(.'>\eiiiii.l.ii.cl.iisl . . . tI'VlllMIIM I rillll't4.HrhlnlUrt) Kli.*p«H'..rU liiacri'HculiH niiiiiriiJt I" ■'■'•'■<"■•' pi. I \alt.iis piiipiti<|iialiH Ivliipiplii.iida' litili.iphorilH ^cikici UbyacopUllidtti .'..'(7 507 .'.08 .'U.8 .'.U8 2.'i0 441 2.'.0 146, 154 l.'>4 146. l.'>4 6(10 .'.O'.l 219 21)0 556 274 574 351 3.M 3.V4 434 2!I7 Tild •tOi; 411 46(1 162 298 48. 71) 418 542 2li8 4.-.8 419.4211 427 427. 429 427 427 427, 428 4"2 482 482 92, 177 l-aijc. \ .'.26 Kliyiu-liilidin .'.28 lihyiichi.plii.ra .'>2fi l!liy|iar<.(-hi-oinai ia .'i28 Khypaii.i'lii'i.iiiiiH .'.27 tcii.'tiH SJ6 I vcriillii .'.28.,'.29 Uliys-sa .'.28 ' .juvviiiH 244.273 Itiialiia 273.275 Uiialilida 273.274 ri.'hariUi.iii (Lyalral 28,491 Ui.llii .'.75 . titfi'srclirt ( !Ii-]iiplli.n)M) ... 3:13 rigida lXi'tii.p.s\llal 122 ll'annrp.il 438 liKoratu.s ('ri'l<'...Hi-liistiiM). 517 rllcyi (('atniiciira) 397 ri.l.iistiiH ((J\dainiiH) 29 ro.'.trata < Diriani.iiiyia)... 342,4(19 rc.lunda (I'ii'siiial , 137. 1.19 lolii.idalils (Ni iy;;(inilM). . (.2 n.ltitiilipfiiDin (Ap)iaiia).- Miitii.^iiiii I DiapU.^iiia) lllpta l.Kifi.ilia) i-ii.4rti-lli (TyrLiila) UyiiM.Hia nlr.ni^itlata .361, Sai'kciiia aroiiata.: "P Saiciiia Sal.lida" .•^alliens .Sallijxrada' .Haiii'tajoliaiiiiiH (Proirorirt. .SapiiiiUH aaiiHHiiri'i (I\iralatiiidia) ... MUxatiliH (Kpii-a-iiiK) Ha\t>a (I'itiipla) Haxialis ('ri.ipUtci nils) .... saxii-i.lit ((iyinplia'iia) HaKilU'ii.-i ( .\.-(n.<'liii.iiiiiN) . waxij;. tia ( Miipicstis) i«av<..tji iCicadiila) Sl.i'iiapliis lan-ta • lii.-Hiieli iihl.ii t^caialiu'lda- Si'ln*llt'iilK'r(;ia Srlii/.i.iu'iira Sih /diKMirina' St lii/..iiciir(iiiii'M Kciidd.'ri Siiara ilfpi-rttita Ho.piili iiiit{iila(a Sciariiia . •Stioiny xa ili»|. Sfii.lii>/iila- SiH.ptilla -. Ii.vallil Sc.lia Scolopi'iidra .Srt.lopt'DdrcJIa .339, Pagp. 481 28 384 384,400 361 400 30. )MU 60U 278. 297 2:17 283 47 516 27(1 176 456 249 420 571 .158 348 282 292 489 222 590 590 .'.94. .'.09 59."> fim 356 340, 341 52 48. 52 393 491 210 478 010 515 ,'8)9 407 494 310 244, 2.'.0 2,'iO, 2 -.3 2.-« 2.W. 252 27. 487 71 243 244. 269 214. 269 2119 580 (80 588 586 ,'.88, .'.».j .'>42 546 543 .■■42 546 .142 597 597 30 43 90 TXDEX. 733 I'ftJii'. 1 Scolopocorua 4tl0 Scol.vtUti' 46S Si-ulytiiH riiifiiloHiiH 401t Hcopiili (Si>iiiru) 5HS BciiildtM'i (S('lii/.(>nt'nrni(len) ... 200 Ri-ii1pti1iH (TrotiiHtt>i'iiiirt). 5i4 Scutrllnina 4:tr. Sc.vllhm 2J0 iiiur»rns.-iolrttii 220,224 ; S(-,v1oil(>iilii' ' 4!» BiM'eHHii (Si'j;t'sti'ia) (>1 t*rcluf.inii (Thwriiliiim) 74 HeriiliiMiin (I'anynH'cuH) 47r> Si*nentrlii M, 00,(11 Hft'WHHll 01 RmuK-ulata «^'I aelwyiii (CeiropU) lUB StiiuiillM lis ftenecta (Pim]>Iu) 01 1 < BeneMceiiH U-'Oncliii'a) r>39 ; seiiex (IMatynuH) r>\U acnilm (Dulpliax) :;9r) (llt'icioiiiyza) r)47 senior (N'('ult a ( Itoli't ilia) '>l):t ' (Ituprt'stiH) 4!)r. ficrfrtfcns (fCiicorites) :t!)- ScriciHtomidii! U2, 177 . setim'ra (Lithecpliora) 'A'-\0 Setodt'H mi ablireviata 1U1.192 pftrtioiialia. !!(! \ sexHtriulim (lUM'tiHti:*) 5i;t Sialidii' i>2, US Sinliiia 92,148 Siiillrt KVJ Slaliiiih 148 Sijia "7:{ CrcpliiapliiM) 2,".0 Siplioii(ipl)ori)i(U>H 244, 2.'! 1, 2.')H antiiiiia 25." prupiiii|ua 2riri, 257 ralliit*si|iu'i. 250, 2.'0 Hiniplex 2r»s> Sisyra 147 Sitinlrt'pa 4ti:t ditimcta 4n;i Sitoiuif* >;ranitii'vti.s 481 Hiiiitliii (IMfHiciiiuhiiiM) 2;tti Hnli.Ia(.Ksrliiia) ... Mil Hnlidalii.s (Nt'ruJi-yiln'irt) 447 milidoMi'fiiH (Diilinoii*) 020 MMiiiiioIonta (TiiiiC(llia) 157 .sniiiimrmi i (Cori/i h) 4;U HopniatiiM (LiiniM>;>lii]nH) VXi snpui'iH (AiitliononuiH) 472 S»!*y l>i 118 02 Sparl|i(Klina Stciiovclia niKiii Sti'ropo parthtniopt* .- stiKinaticum (Kii-anisilcH) sti;iiiMiHa (PUTaiiia) rttiriu (l)uuacia) .stiriacua (O- ponia) atraiiiiuliita. ''vr.wsia) Sd-ationiyida' Htratus (XvHiiiH) strict a (Pala'iM-lirvaal Stiidiiiaiitia aty;;ialis (Trajiezdnotus) Mtyyiiia (XL'(r(>fyta) tahidiis (PirriU>i'ap!4UH) tahiHta (Kpln'iin'i-a) tal)ilini's (TironiiTiin) I'at'hina «P Tai-hiiiidin Tarliyclromidai {'iee expl. PI.20, lai-ita (Anatt'lla) Taiialirt Tajialndcs TanyiiHM'iia aivulorum . rage. 30, 620 fi72 673 340 .'i77 204 408 370 351 27, 503 510 610 227 .-lOn 504 505 3t>4, :i85 ;iRfl :i80 437 4118 12.'> 354 354 348, 34» 350 12,-. 127 301 568 48U .'.05 590 20, 560 380 100 230 300 440 ■Jhl 380 319 . 244,208 L'OS 00 575 127 m 221 411 . 20, 557 502 . 55H, .550 550 302 561 368 120 402 561 551 534 Fi(!.9). 580 3,56 356 357 475 475 race. Taphaoris 220 icliquata 220 Tarsophlobin 12B Tn-ionils 601 imildiii 004 lecta (Tiprlftj .577 Tejrenaria 6K Tololiilrtia 130 TclwisrliiHtUH 4.53, 451 anluiuim 4.4 ptaeatiiB 4.54,457 riKor.ituH 4.54,456 Teleplioiula^ 28 toUtiriB (Acrioii) 140 telliiHtor (lulus) 44 Telnuitr'-H-hus 351 parulIoluH 361,3.53 slfili 3.51 t«nel)ri(-0Hui4 (CophocoriH) .... 301 Tenobilu 483 iiKilitor 484 prinilKeuiUH 483 TennbrloMiilii! 28, 483 tonebrowi (Stt'iiopauuTn) 3H6 Ti-nor 419,425 Hpeluiiciu 425 'I'entbrBilinidai 31,604 teiiuif) (IluroMUH) 51-t Tepbrapbis 244,2.i8 HimpU'x 2.50 wulsbii 259,200 'rt'icl'iMiitia 604 'IVruifs 103,104 ])ercaua' 104 lirirttiuiis 105 Tennitina 92,103 Tmnopsia 101,107 leiTif (N.ysius) 379 ti^iiuiitubi (OliaritOB) 293 torrcstris (Cr.vpti)bypnus 407 lelTe mLasiUH) 618 (Lyctoroiis) 361 toiriiola (I)ia)bK'i(lia) .598 tf'Tijii'ua (CiTfyt.u) 510 Tirritelariic 48 trrro..4Us ifiutlia,i; niutiluta ;tO0 Therapliii hyoscUmi iXi TherapliuHoiila* 41», 5_' TluTi'tt 6(1 Thereviila- ji) Therididen AH, 4l», (in. lu Thtridium 51, 63. 70, 7 1 . 7;t grnnulataiu 73 hirtuin 73 opcrtitiitMiiii 7:t <|iijtili'itfuttatuin 0 niact'i 44I». 451 pnrvua 448, 449 |icrennatU8 449,450 pctrfus 448,449 ThliiiiiiioHthiHtiiti 4.'i3, 46:i ^lavidatus 4(i:t Thneliw liistu* 453. 4:>7 reruUns 4.S8 Thniii JHidoA 48, 49, 56 ThoiuiHiM 51,">6,r»7 drftHHUR 57, r.U <'.ii^itinrtiis 57, 5H n'f*iitU!* 57 Thyeliu 7o,71 ThvHaiMira 9L'. 94 TiiH-a «K)-' Tiiieiilii' tiii2 Tiiieiti'H G(JL; TintEiinda* 3.57 TiuKi" 357 riirdiii 357 TinodfA 190 paludiscna 190 Tipula f 7« derrepita .176 Hepulrliri 57>' fl|H)Ua1a 577 t**tA r>" Tipiilidii- 2«, 5fiH Tipulidii' bn-vipalpi .'174 Ti|>iilidif luiij;ipnlpi 575 TiroiiiiTti.i 3f)(, 4U1 tabidiiuf* 401, 4'*:; torpffactua 40l,4n_' Tiroschistnn 4:>3, 4iL' iDdureKADH 4fl:! TitanircA 61,68 I Vase. i TitaiKtM-a lientiTiiA 68,69 iitK^nua GH, 60 <[iiadH^mtata 68 ToinaAptM 326 lfiu-liin {TiniiiicruH) 40'J tnrpfiiM (Vm'nM>diiUN) 445 tnrpida (Xaiif ImriiO 225 l(»rpuiiitu (Ciilloinjia) 555 Tortiiiidn' 29 ImiMiiiilla (Uuphidla) 154 (riiiiHVi-i-Hii (PiiIaphrodt'H) 336 t^a^^4Vl'rMallt« ((tlypla) . 613 Triipt^xiiiiutiiH 384,395 rxtiTniiiiatUH 305 Htygialis 395. 306 Trapf ziis 38.5 Tril.tHliiyHa 147, 166, lfi8 tiniiatu Hi9, 172 iiii'i)iiHliA 189,170 vulimciila l«9.i;o TricluM-era 574 Trirlioiita MK) dawHimi .'"lUO TiichopU'ra 92, 170 TritMpliora 3l5, ;(20 Triu«»::i.Iii 23» tri^iiiiata (Clmliila) 389 tiitaviitii (NoNiidciidriMi) 499 tnlii.H (NyHiim) 370 TroricH 117 TiKiiil.idida^ 47 Tiopidut'liiila 278 'rroinstfrmis 514 MiiotattM 515 iiifxiiainm 514 hrtxialin 515 NdilptilU 514 Tn.x 487 miHtnli'ii 487 t»rri':*trU 487 Truxaliilif . . , 220 TrjiMMl«MiilMiu impruHHiim. 470 Tubili'Iari;!' 48,60 tunitia' (OtioiliytuiiiiH) 477 tuMiiilata (luoct'Uia) 158 tiimitlta iI.ithophyNa) 506 Tyihula 221 iiiiiltiMpinosa 221 ruHnrlU 221.222 iihli-ri (Nyctophylaxj 279 tSbenapluM) 252 .mibiatira (OobMiiia) 503 iiiitbrB' Iit4 (Cercopit4.>0) 316 tiiiibratum (UtbaKrion) 130 iinicr.lnr (DytulbreiiH) 410 (Llthwpbora) 331 Uroewrbln* 31 ITrofteoidns 82 vandiliiN}! (Curixa) 344 VautMHldi 29 vociila (Nyaiun) ;i78 vi'latiia (Corymb/tea) 49t! V*d(ft 348 oiirrens 34s VellidH* 34H venerabUo (Diapb'^iiia) 291 veDtriona (II(Miiii'i>;:aiiiia) 218 vurrillii iKtiypanidirniims) 400 vtjHpi'niH ( PiwydiiiiH) 442 VeHpidii- ,10 veatita (Paraiidrita) 501 veterana (Iiinri'lHa) 1.56 vt^lemndiM (PaTibx-apHiia) 366 vctorasci'iif* (I>iap1e;;niit) 29(i vi-rrriia iMoiiaiitliia) 350 vetttiiiuiiiin (Po'ciloeapniiM) .... 367 vetua (('amimnoti).<<) OIO vtitum'tila (Tiibotiiiyha) 170 vetiiMtu (UtbadutbripH) 372 vi'tUHttiM (('ryptiH'fpbaliiH) 48'> viyil (Xyrtupbylax) 28u vliictiiH (N'yHitiH) 378 vinnilula (Mtmru) 554 VohiceHa 559 viilcaiiahH (Kpeira) 86 vulcaiiiuM (Nfcnicvdinift) 444 walabil (TephraphiH) 2O0 wbcallryi (Cyrbru;*) 536 whitci (LvMiiti'M> 324 wilaoni tiH(<'