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 9 
 
 lelure. 
 
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 1 2 3 
 
^mmmmmtft 
 
 ■V, 
 
 MODERN 
 
 RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS 
 
 CANNOT BE TRULY LIKENED 
 
 TO THB 
 
 Regiments of an Army, 
 
 BY THE 
 
 EEV. HARRY L. YEWEJ^S, MISSIONARY, 
 
 MO^TSTT rOUBBT, QJXTm 
 
 '%- 
 
 U 
 
 MOUNT FOREST: 
 
 PIUXTED AT IH» '♦BXiMINia" CHEAP BOOK AND JOB omCB. 
 
 1870. 
 
ii 
 
 fit 
 
BXPLANATORl: . 
 
 
 These pages owe tlieir puhlication to the f , t, 
 that some remarhs in the same line, made 'nj 
 the Rev. Mr. Yeivens at a certain pitblic gathering 
 in Mount Forest, were commented upon hy a 
 later speaker, not with argument, nor with 
 courtesy, hut witji ill cojjbcealed .sneer, and dis-r 
 .courteous epithet. Such weapons the Great 
 Master has rf^ot put into the hands of His ser- 
 vants, therefore Mr. Yewens is content to reply 
 jvith plain reasoning. 
 
 .Mount Forest, Jajn. 16th, 1870, 
 
MODERN 
 
 ilELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS 
 
 CANNOT DE TRULY LIKENED 
 
 TO TIIK 
 
 ^j^GIMEJ^TS OF ^X SMMT* 
 
 False metaphors, inappropriate simi'es, are among: the most frequent 
 ftnd effective aids to erroneous opinions and mistaken beliefs. 
 
 Figurative language has a charm for all minds. Perhaps the pleasure, 
 Certainly the influence of it increases in proportion as men are less and 
 less capable of sound logical reasoning. A figure that carries on its sur- 
 face an appearance of being applicable to any subject is gladly received 
 and soon becomes firmly embedded in the mmd. Every argument 
 vvhich may afterwards be presented to the understanding is made to 
 pass under its shadow before it can reach the judgment. Thus, block- 
 ing up the avenues by which the central faculty of the intellect rece ve, 
 the materials upon which to act, a false figure can hold the mind so hrmly 
 to the allegiance of error, tbnt this will not be dislodged from its throne 
 by a largvi amount of sound reasoning. ^^ 
 
 It is no triflmg thing, then, to prove, il oh^ can, the falseness of a 
 figure which men have accepted in relation to an important subject ot 
 thought. K successful we shall open some minds to the light of iruth 
 before shut out -, how much of connected truth may follow m its tram it 
 may be difficult to anticipate ; still less can we foretell the benefits that 
 one truth clearly and fully admitted into one mind shall work out. 
 
 A number of years ago, a public speaker, possessing more liveliness of 
 imagination than soundness of judgmant, put forth the simile, at a pub- 
 lie meeting in England, that the Religious Denominations of Protestant 
 Christendom were like the Regiments of an Army, fightmg,mdeed, with 
 
cftftiun (livorsitio^ ol' loini .-ind order, uml un.lor sopftrate and distinot 
 onU^.C!'.., ' lu all in One Common Cp.usp, under ( )no Supreme Commander, 
 a<;!iinst Oiio Common I'^neni}'. 
 
 The conceit was piotty enougli, but. ala.^, it was false. It was eagerly 
 caught up, however, hy many persons who cou'd not or would not look 
 beneath its supt-rticivl tstatemeut ; and, from that day to this, it has beea 
 so frequently repeated, as to fieoonie. with many, a decisive test by 
 which to try, not cnly ihe soundua^s of otlvr men's tlioughts, but also 
 the character of their niiiuls. ulaiost tho truth ol their religion. 
 
 These ptiges are written to prov.e that the simile is false. 
 
 It may not be amiss in tJie out>iet to take note of tho fact, that in t!ie 
 New Testament, although the Christian disciple is spoken of as a .solilier, 
 and many i;icts and circumstances of warfai-e are employed to rcDresonfc 
 the conditions and features of spiritual life.and work, yet ihe Christiaij 
 Church 13 never described under the emblem of an Army. This omission, 
 and the character ot thone emblems under wiiich the Church is repre- 
 sented in lioly Writ, may well suggest a doubt as to ilie fitness of the 
 jone in question, except in a veiy partial and imperfect application. 
 
 But it may be urged that tiio constant use among all Christian bodies 
 of tho language of the poet— 
 
 " Uiic AiinyoftliP Livinji (ioil," 
 
 amounts to a general acceptance of the emblem, which therefore cannob 
 be set aside by any individual. 
 
 Well, be h so. We are ready to admit that the figure may be used: 
 but we would contend, it neoessary, that it is ap;)licahle only in a limited 
 sense — that it is a figure of very iniorior force and value to those which 
 .the Holy .Spirit has employed in the Sacied writings. 
 
 But it IS neces.sary to add, that an army, used as a figure of the Church, 
 ,does not of necessity involve Kogiments. The armies of ancient time«, 
 .especially those of which m^nliou is made in the Bible, were ignorant of 
 them. The armies of the feudal ages had them not. They are a pro- 
 duct of modern times and circumstances. 
 
 '■ f3ut,'' it may be siml, '• an army must have some divisions." Doubt- 
 Lesi— and the divisions of tho armies of former days corresponded exactly 
 to those divisions which only the Scripture of God knows, as rightly ap- 
 pertaining' to the Christian Ckurch. They were local. The men of the 
 same country, or part ot a country, were marshalled separately under 
 their own officers, and fought together, side by side, in the field. So it; 
 ^he Epistles of Hi. Paul we read of " the Churches of the Galatians," 
 /'the Church of tho Thessalonians," " the Church of God which is ajb 
 ^JoriBth/' and so on. But no where do we find the least rocognitioft 
 
 
f. 
 
 
 61* arty other kind ofdivisidri than th.it of locality acknn'.vlodjjod aa riglil' 
 in tho Christian Church; though wo do find other kinds of divisions (on«' 
 in principle with those of modern days) condemned. 
 
 But now, in order to show that^ in every point of view, tho «' Regi- 
 ments of an Army," and "Modern Re igious Denoinination",'' are div arse 
 i]^' the principle of thoir respective roiation'^, li-t us observo the^e facts. 
 
 In modern military organization the Kegimont is the true unit, and air 
 army is a composite body tbimeii of mcny units brought togetlier to 
 serve the need of the time. The Army ha^ no existence apart from thtf 
 Regiments which compose it ; but each Regiment continues to e.xist as 
 a unit, though removed by the superior authority from one Army, and 
 joined to another, or separated from any relation to other truops and 
 existing by itself simply as a Regiment. 
 
 In the Christian organization the Church is the true unit, and any 
 proper divisions are but frabtions of that unit, which have come into 
 being by its own power of extension and growth under tho Blessing of 
 its Head, and if any of them can be absolutely and perfectly cut oil from 
 its relation to the unit, it then ceases to be altogether. 
 
 Thus the principle of the relation in each of those things i^ utterly 
 diverse Irom, and contradictory to the other. 
 
 Does any one doubt th« facts thus stated ? We will prove them. 
 
 It should be observed, by the way, that the name, Army, is employed 
 in two different senses. It expresses, on the one hand, the whole mili- 
 tary force of a country, organized, and subject in every part to a Central 
 Authority, as when we' speak of " The British .\rmy" or "The Array of 
 the United States." On the other hand, it is given to a distinct body 
 of troops, gathered together in time of war, ana operating together in 
 the field,- under the supreme command of one General OlKcet'. In this 
 sense, in every great war, each side has more than one Army in the 
 iield. 
 
 Here comes out the partial and impprfect character of the emblem ; 
 for, in truth, the tivo distinct uses of tho name, Army, have to be com- 
 bined and commingled in order to apply it to tho life and work of tho 
 Christian Church. Most truly that Church is, if an army at all, an Army 
 in the firfxl of active warfare ; but then, there is, and can be, only " Ona 
 Army of the Living God"; while in every groat war, as everybody 
 knows, each nation has, and must have, more than one army in tho f Id, 
 operating and lighting independently ot one another. 
 
 But to proceea to the proofs of tho facts just nbvv stated. 
 
 The Regiment, say in the British Army, is the true unit. In the 
 feudal age every great Baron armed his own vetainors and vassals, and 
 
8. 
 
 ttiey fought under Ins banner. There vVas no Regiment. When iLftt^ 
 system gave way before ti.e onoroiiehinents of the piinoiplesot personal" 
 liberty, Ac, out of which moJe.n Bociety has grown, certain great LordK, 
 «n(i others, under the authoiity, and by warrant of the King, raised, 
 •ftch m his own district of ooantry. a body of m*n for mihtary service, 
 >rhich that great Lord and his subordinates officered, and led into ihe field, 
 under the King's commission, given and certified by his sign manual. 
 Such was the beginning of KegimeutR, and in that beginning each Regi- 
 nient is seen to be a distinct unit, llenco an Army, whether it be the 
 Standing Army of Great liriuiin, or the " Army of the Crimea" in the 
 Kijssian War, !sbut a name for a number of these units— these llegimenta 
 put together on paper or on the field. Tl.e Army may, and will, melt 
 away into nothing when in time of peace the Regiments are aeparat©<l 
 and dispersed, but each Regiment rerjaias a true unit .still in its own 
 
 uppointed quarters. ^ 
 
 How wholly opposite and contradictory is the original and inner 
 relation of the Church of Christ. In this, the Church-the Array- Is 
 tlie true unit. The great King iid not give bis warrant and commission 
 to Peter to go and raise a Petriue Regiment, to Andrew to raise an 
 Andrevine Begimenl, to .lohn to raise a Johannian Regiment, and so oni 
 but he said, m relation to the work which these, and others also, were i,o 
 do by His authority and under Uis commission—" Upon this rock /will 
 build viy Ckurck:' The Church is the true unit ; and as a unit it was 
 as perfect and complete on the day ot Peniecost, when, under llie first 
 active operation of the Spirit of (iod, its organi-i^tion was accomplished, 
 and the Cily of .Jerusalem iield all its members-it was, v/e say, as a 
 unit, as perfeot an', complete then as it is now, when ita fractions are 
 spread out in eve y land. 
 
 Now let us turn »he picture- let us look at this simile from the other 
 Bide, tlie origin and beginnings of modern Religious Denominations, 
 and how wilftbese compare with the original creatio^ of any Kegimenb 
 in an Army. 
 
 Most modern Religioue Denominations in thU country are derived 
 Jrom bodies of the same name in England, and originated somewhat 
 thus :— there being already ai^hurch— a division of the Christian Army— 
 in England, certain persons, belonging to it,chcvrged it with more or less of 
 unfaithfulness or disobedience to the ^^:-eat Master, in respoci to some 
 matter of doctrine or of duty, of regimen or of practice ; on suol jtound 
 they came out and separated themselves, some at one time, some at 
 another ; some on thid side some on that j they set up each a aew 
 camn • and occupied themselyes with coin- round amonir t^ie tenUr* 
 
9. 
 
 • t 
 
 I 
 
 ihs Christian sohVmy, periimdinj and anlictng Ikem to forsake the 
 ■tandaid* un.ier whicii they had beo.i lighting, and come and jom their 
 new ••Regiment " 
 
 Let us novv take the case of an Army in the fieid, engaged in active 
 wirfare. and ask how far Huoh a manner of creati.ig a Ifogiment would 
 be posHlble ? What would be thought of-whit wou'd he douP with the 
 m -n who should attempt it ? What name such a 'lieg.ment" w.-uld re- 
 ceive ? We need not waste paper and ink in spreiding out the com- 
 panson. T„e mere suggesti.m of it is suffi -ient to make apparent, at 
 once, that this " Regiment' simile is ,.ot only false, hut Toolish. 
 
 Yet again, for but a moment. The Kegimenfgof an Army are engage.i 
 in fightuig against a common onemy. What success would this Array 
 h*ve ? How long would it stand up In the Held before its foe ? What 
 would speedily become its condition if the Regiments of whioh it ia 
 composed spont one qu irter, or onetonth of their time in winning re- 
 oruils from one another, in squabbling over a ra-, countryman as to 
 which Regiment he ho jld join, in showing the enemy what each might 
 consider the weak places ol another Realm -nt in the battle, and so 
 forth ? Yet this is what is done, and must be done, in large measure 
 and dagree, by some Denominations, as necessary to their very exist- 
 ence. For the doctrinei of some Denomimtini-. are so utterly contra, 
 clictory to those of others, that the life and growth of the one must be a 
 cause, or an etiect, of the decrease and decay of another, or of others. 
 And in other cases, where the essential necessity may not be to ap. 
 parent, the history of Denominations shows that the fact has ever been 
 much the same. Some common waritire agnnst thegreat idversary of G )d 
 and man there may be ; but alas, too much ot the time, and energy, and 
 skill of Religious Donominations is wasted in mutual antagonisms and 
 her.e contentions-in seeking to build up each its own strength and 
 following, not by giining from the !.rene/al enemy, but by pulling down, 
 and drawing from one another. But thii course simply would not be 
 permitted in the Regiments ofan Army. It would be utterly destruct- 
 ive of the whole organization, if if, could exist. Therefore the simile 
 under consideration is manifestly false and raisleuding. 
 
 Unco more. We have already said that we fiud m the Epistles of St. 
 Paul divisions in the Christian Church, one in principle with those of 
 naodern days, condemned. We adduce, in proof of this, two pa, sages, 
 out of many, that are plain and emphatic in their application. They 
 both occur in St. Paul's first Epistle to the Corinthians, where we read, 
 first, (Chapter i, verses 10, 12, 13) " Now, I beseech you, bretliren, bv - 
 the name of our Lord Josus Christ, that ye all apeak the same thing, 
 
10. 
 
 and that there be no divisions nmong you ; but that ye be perfectly 
 joined together in thesame mind, and in the same judgment. • • • Now 
 this 1 say, that every one of you saith, ' am of Paul, and I of Apollos, 
 and 1 of Cephas, and t of Christ. Is Christ divided ? Was Paul cruci- 
 fied for you ? or were ye baptized in the name of Paul ?" And again, 
 (Chapter iii, verses 3, 4,) <'For ye are yet carnal : for whereas there is 
 among you envying, and strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk 
 as men ? For while one saith, I am of Paul ; and another, I am of 
 Apollos ; are ye not carnal ?' 
 
 It would be impossible to produce any ancient writin ? in which the facts 
 and conditions of one age are more clearly and emphatically condemned 
 under the forms and names of the circumstances of another than in 
 these passages, the open standing and mutual relations of modern 
 Religious Denominations in any city or village of to-day, are condemned 
 under the form of those divisions which many of the Corinthian christi- 
 ans ought to establish in Corinth of old. 
 
 These Corinthians desired to organize just such "Regiments'' as our 
 modern Denominations, and they would give the Colonelcy of one to 
 Paul, of another to Cephas or Peter, of a third to Apollos. But the 
 great Apostle would have nothing to do with any such work. He boldly 
 declared that it was a sin against the Saviour; not a spiritual work but a 
 carnal one, which was contradictory to, destructive of ^le true faith and 
 life of Christian men. He abhorred the thought that the Christians of 
 the great city o: Corinth should present the speciacle which the 
 Christians of every little village in the land present lo-day. 
 
 They were divided, doubtless, into several congregations, by the simple 
 fact of worshipping together in differ it houes or looalit es, (Romans 
 xvi., 16 i see also y 5 ; I. Corinthians xvi , 19 ; Philemon 2j but they were 
 not several Communions, they still together formed but One 'Church 
 of God which is at Corinth" Most ablio rent to St. Paul s mind was 
 the possibility of their bein,' divided, separated, and known not simply 
 by the name of Christ, but by the name=? of men, Uis servants, whether 
 Peter, or Paul or Apo'los, or of any other earthly name. The names 
 Baptist, Wesleyan, Universalist. Episcopalian. Presbyterian, and the like, 
 express the very same principle wh ch «t. Paul, as ubove, so emphatic 
 ally condemned. This therefore is the very fact which some would put 
 in 80 false and mischievous a light, when they would rep. esent it as like 
 to the Regiments of an Army. 
 
 Of the name Episcopalian, we will just add, that the Church of England 
 u wholly igno ant ot it, her daughter Church in this Uud neeUs not to 
 
 ^ 
 
11. 
 
 cS:;^:;::::- --^-j^^ .os., . .. p.. 
 
 prevent, as far a' Lf " oXler';^".^"' ' ^'^"^ ^^^ ^^ •^'^ed to 
 
 Church required of His people I'dl T' '''"' ''^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ of the 
 o> Us proper character under Jheldse"^^'' '"'^'^^ «^^^»^' ^^e hiding 
 Kegiments or an Army ^e vet Iw T'^ ^'^leading emblem of the 
 orpast daysare -ch 1;%^:;^ ^^Jf/,^ ^^'edge th,t the Christian: 
 o to.day, multitude, of vvh ,m "nherif s> k ""'^ '°"^'''^" ^'^^'^ '^o^e 
 ^.ght upon their fair portionmcwlve"'".'^.^ a misfortune, and a 
 oes of ,,rious kind, nsing up all .ro' '"^ I. T''^ ^'^° '" '^^ ^^'^en- 
 -Uh men for the l^^^enl,^ fn^,,^^^^^ 
 
 "Pon our common Cnrntianity C" ' T'f?'"" ^' ^^'^ ^-^^ »>'«* 
 fences, that, in this vflage, four Chrt "! I^!^- " ^ '"^°"S these ev,- 
 werestandingseparate,andmo7eorre"a^ bod.es. of two .aa.es, that 
 fused mto t'^o. ihough a small ma 2 k?'^""'''''' ""^'^ '«"«^>^ ^^<^ome 
 advance of the same better pr ncTou! ^ °""^P*"^on> yet it shows the 
 Bee elsewhere manifested i7coZoVZT' '''"''■^" ^^^^'^ ^^-^^ -e 
 havmg a wider influence. It aCexl J, °' T"" " '"''««'' «^^'«^ ^^d 
 «ess o< the fact, which the Regiment i,^ '"1"'^" '"'^^^^ -"— ■ 
 and less important the ground! of dT "'''''' "P' '^"^ ^'^^ ^«-"e'- 
 agamst the Master in our txis "ng d v . IT"' ''' ^"^^"' ^^ *^« -" 
 
 Cxreat obhgations of obedience fofhM. 
 Ing to the Truth which we und" s" ' ,t?? ^°"^-°^ ^-"^^"' ^old- 
 acertam kind of Justification fo o^ 1' 1''' '^^^ ^^^^'^^^ ™ ^ aSord 
 b'md.n, influence of sin, and the sn^aM me ' "''"') "^'^' ^^'"''"S'^ "- 
 the mists of ign„ra„oe and the toJ^ZTr'" "' """'"^ ^'''^«« "^«^ 
 men, each keenly conscientious in the ob« "''' '"^'"^" ^"'^ ^^''^^f^i 
 or duty. Which each perhaps see on' drnt'^' "'=^^P°'»tof truth 
 division which ca. ciaim no imoort^n ^ ^ '"'^ '"^Perfectly. But the 
 of strict obedience to the mX, ^Vor^'"'"'?^ "^ '•°°^' «^ — it^ 
 d-stood. a. u« cause, i. «ui-llywthout '•".". '"''"''' ""' «^^" «^'-- 
 ««''ty. ^^^ "^'thout juctihcation, wholly carnal and 
 
12. 
 
 our differences are but trifles, we are great sinners against the Lord, oir 
 Master ; for the Bonds by which he unites us into One Body are no 
 trifles, but are very weighty and of solemn authority. 
 
 Rather let us clearly recognize the full importance and authoritative 
 character, as m the Master's sight, of those principles and duties (where 
 they really exist) which divide us, of necessity, and then set the keener 
 watch, and the closer guard, that the bre ich of charity may be rendered 
 as small as possible. While, in the formal and solemn service of the 
 Lord, the obligation of principle and of duty requires us to work separ- 
 ately and apart, let us, in all private and social ways, as men and fellow 
 citizens, seek to draw near together in the spirit of wisdom and of love, 
 that we may rightly understand eich other, and do each other good. 
 
 H 
 
 
 ■•» 
 
 ¥