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'■r 'J:.*- -tf^}- 
 
 T H g 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 TV 
 
 \ -n 
 
 1 
 
 ^ H 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE 
 
 WAR 
 
 
 I N 
 
 NORTH -AMERICA, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 ISLANDS OF THE WESt-INDIES, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 THE CAMPAIGNS OF MDCCLXIII AND MDCCLXIV 
 AGAINST HIS MAJESTY'S INDIAN ENEMIES. 
 
 By THOMAS MANTE, 
 
 ASSISTANT ENGINEER DURING THE SIEGE OF THE HAVANNA, 
 AND MAJOR OF A BRIGADE IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1 764. 
 
 f 1 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR W. STRAHANj AND T. CADELL IN THE STRAND. 
 
 MDCCLXXII. 
 
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 -••nj MM: "««» tTtirtfrQ,. 
 
 -»ii. • jr ■ 
 
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 Th.1 Beat an d Karaat Hlartor» of tha FraiLCh and Indian tar. 
 
 tfante (Thomaa . ) . History of the Late far In Horth America, and the Islands of the 
 West Indies, including the Campaigns of 1763 and 1764, against His Majesty's Indian 
 Enemies. With 18 fine large folding War Uaps. Quarto, orig. calf, neatly retacked, 
 London, 1772. 317.50 
 
 ♦• A very fine and large copy of this extremely rare *ork, containing all the 
 finely engraved folding maps and plans and th3 very scarce leaf of errata at the 
 end. But few copies were printed, though the large and beautiful plans and mili- 
 tary maps must have made its production a work of much expense. A copy sold at 
 aoction March 6, 1919, for $405.00; ths DePuy copy sold Jan. 21, 1920 for $400. O:; 
 and the Severance copy, Nov. 15, 1922, for $375.00. 
 
 It is one of the most valuable histories of the time, highly praised by Ben- 
 croft and Sparks. Mante .vas Major of Brigade in the French and Indian War. He 
 describes *ith great detail the campaigns of Washington and Braddock; of Generals 
 Abarcrombia and Amherst, and of Colonels Bradatreet and Boquat. The last chaptsr 
 gives the principal incidents of Pontiac's War. The introduction gives ?n account 
 v^of Washington's escape from assassination in December, 1753. 
 
 ^^ To give an idea of the value of the material we quote a part of the table of 
 Contents. 
 
 Mr. Washington takes the field; defeats ML Jumonville; is defeated in his tupn 
 by M. Villier. - Major Ganeral Braiddock arrives; is defeated by M. Dumat and dies 
 of his flounds; defence of his conduct.- Gen. Shirley proceeds to Oswego; returns 
 to Albany.- Ma j. -Gen. Johnson's expedition; is victorious; erects Fort William 
 Hanry. - Conduct of War of Albany.- Bradstraet attacked on the Onondaga River. - 
 Major Rogers employed in making prisoners.- Fort Loudon built by the English. - 
 Drop their designs on Crown Point.- Fort William Henry attacked by the French. - 
 Capitulates.- Lord Loudon succeeded by Gen. Abercrombie. - Expedition agrinst 
 Louisbourg. - Col. Amherst commands tha Arnqr. - Generrl Amherst's Journal of ths 
 Expedition.- Louisbourg Capitulates.- Operations of the English against Ticon- 
 deroga, which Gen. Abercrombie attacks by assault.- He miscarries in the attempt. - 
 Col. Bradstreet takes Fort Fronteneui. - Forbes proceeds against Fort DuQuesne.- 
 Col. Stanwix erects Fort Stanwix. - General Amherst appointed Commander-in-Chief in 
 Berth Amarica.* Abercrombie and Wolfe return to England.- Gen. Amherst repairs to 
 Albaiqr.- Takes ths Field.- Arrives at the banks of Lake George- traces out a Fort, 
 and encamps- embarks on the Lake- disembarks- ■ French abandon the lines at Tlcon- 
 deroga and also the Fort, which are taken posuession' of by the English- their 
 preparation to attack Crown Point- the French abandon it- occupied by the English. - 
 Gen. Amharst receives an account of the Surrender of Niagara.- Major Rogsrs order- 
 ed to chastise the Indians of St. Francois.- Gensral Amherst embarks his army to 
 pursue the Fr3nch. - Returns to Crown Point- closes the Campaign.- Col. Haldimand 
 attacked at Oswego.- Operations of Brigadier Stanwix.- Expedition against Quebec. - 
 Orders by Gen. Wolfs.- Gen. Wolfe falls sick.- His Latter to the Brigadiers and 
 their answer.- Battle of Quebec- Gen. Wolfe and M. do Montcalm killed.- The tcjm 
 invested.- Capitulates.- Honours paid the conquerors; Lisut.-Col. Montgomery 
 marches against the Cherokees, - kills a great number and bums Estatoa.- Cherokees 
 blockade Fort Loudon.- The garrison capitulates.- Diversion made by Major Pogars 
 in Canada in favour of the garrison of Quebec- Gen, Amherst proceeds against 
 Montreal.- The French General capitulates.- Major Rogers sent to take possession 
 of the forts in Canada still in the hands of the French,- Savages of North America 
 troublesome and again brought to reason.- Source of new war between the English 
 and Indians.- Detroit closely blockaded.- Fort Pitt beseiged.- Relief sent to 
 Detroit.- and Niagara.- Stratagem of the Indians to surprise the garrison at 
 Detroit defeated.- Col. Boquet sent to Fort Pitt.- Siege of Fort Pitt raised by 
 the Indians.- Col. Bradstreet and Sir William Johnson return home and tha Indians 
 disperse.- Col. Bradstreet arrives at Detroit.- Indians flock to sua for peace. - 
 French attack Newfoundlamd. - The Garrison at St. Johns surrenders to them.- Sir 
 Jeffery Amherst prepares to retake it.- is victorious,- etc., etc. 
 
 The large folding maps were all engraved especially for this *ork. They are 
 as follow: Lake Ontario, 11 x 16 in. ; Lake George, showing Fort Edward, Fort 
 William Henry, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, etc., 9 x 12 in.; Fort Edward end its 
 Environs on the Hudson River, 11 x 15 in.; Communication Between Albany snd 
 Oswego, showing all Forts, Carrying Places, etc., 10 x 25 in.; Attack on Louis- 
 bourg by Adm. Boscawen and Gen. Amherst, 13 x 25 in.; The attack on Ticonderoga 
 by Gen. Abercrombie, showing the position of Forces, etc, 17 x 20 in.; Plan 
 of Fort Pitt or Pittsburg, 11 x 15 in.; Attack on Quebec, tha Fleet comaanded 
 by Admiral Saunders; the Army by Gen. Wolfe, on a scale of 3^ inches to ths 
 mile, 17 x 35 in.; A Sketch of the Cherokee Country, 11 x 16 in.; River St. 
 Lawrence from Lake Ontario to Montreal, 8 x 30 in.; Plan of Fort Levi, 11 x 16 
 in.; River St. Lawrence from Montreal to the Island of St. Bamsby, 14 in. x 
 5 ft. 10 in.; aad six othsrs.. 
 
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 ,..T-» 
 
 
 T O 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS 
 
 THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER; 
 
 THIS ATTEMPT TO RECORD 
 
 THE GLORIOUS A T C HI E V E M E N TS 
 
 OF THE NAVY AND THE ARMY 
 
 EMPLOYED IN THE REDUCTION 
 
 OF CANADA, LOUISBOURG, GUADALOUPE, 
 
 MARTINICO, THE HAVANNA, 
 
 AND THE RETAKING OF NEWFOUNDLAND, 
 
 IS MOST HUMBLY INSCRIBED 
 
 BY 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'S 
 
 MOST OBLIGED, OBEDIENl, 
 
 HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 tONDON, AUGUST 12, 
 
 1772. • 
 
 THOMAS MANX E. 
 
 i 
 
 ■ ;" 
 
 1 
 
 :| 
 
 ■ 
 
 i 
 
 --* — - 
 
 J . I m • u J m ,: v t t M." ''* ' f*- 
 
ar i Ti i -i »i f 
 
 I -r 
 
 U't 
 
T < >^ 'i ^ () 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction. - 
 
 B O O K I. 
 
 Page I 
 
 The province of Virginia prepares to oppofe the encroachments of the 
 
 French. Mr. fVaJhington takes thefidd; defeats M. Jumonville; 
 
 is defeated^ in his turn, by M. VilUer. Major General Braddock 
 arrives ; is defeated by M. Dumatt and dies of his -wounds : defence 
 
 of his conduil. Major General Shirley takes upon him the com" 
 
 mand of the Englifh forces ; proceeds to Ofivego ; returns to Albany. 
 Major General Johnfon's expedition ; he is attacked by M. le 
 Baron Diejkau, but is vicarious; he ere6ls Fort William-Henry; 
 puts his army into winter-quarters^ and returns to Albany. > 
 Diflrefs of the Englifh Back fet tiers ; military operations undertaken 
 to proteil them.—Obfiinacy of the Penfylvanians in not agreeing to any 
 •warlike preparations ; they yield at lajl to the prayers and threats 
 
 of the Back-fettlerst and pafs a militia ail. The a£l. '-The 
 
 other colonies very remifs in preparing for their defence,— —Remon- 
 f ranees and inflruSiions of the difireffed inhabitants of the back 
 fet t lenient s.-— Council of -war at Albany. General ShirLy en- 
 deavours to unite the divided colonies, and conciliate the affeclions 
 
 of the Indians.'— —Meafures agreed to in confequence thereof. 
 
 General Shirley ordered to England. - -.,.•. g 
 
 B O O K II. 
 
 Lord Ltmdon appointed commander in chief of the Briti/li troops in 
 North- America. Major-Cenerdl Abercromhy ftnt thither to com- 
 
 db tiiatid 
 
 : ! 
 
 
 \h 
 
 M 
 
u 
 
 C O N T i: N T 
 
 :>. 
 
 tuaml till his arrival. Bradjlrcet attacked on the Onondaga river. 
 
 Lord Loudon arrives at Albany. Number and pofition of 
 
 the En^lijh and French forces. OJkvcgo taken by the French^ 
 it'ho dcmoli/lj it.^—Succefsful operations of the Englifh under Go- 
 vernor Laivrcnce. Fort-Cranviltc furprifcd by the Indians 
 
 Kitanning furprifed by the Englijh. Treaties concluded by the 
 
 governors of ^ennfylvania and Virginia -with the Indians.— ^—Mea- 
 fares taken for thefccurity of the Engliflj colonies during the ivinter. 
 
 Major Rogers employed in making prifoners. Fort Loudon 
 
 built by the Eng/iflj. They are joined at Fort Cumberland by a 
 
 body of Cberokecs. Drop their defign upon Croivn Point, with a 
 
 viciv of attacking LouiJbourg.———M. de Montcalni's ivinter-operations, 
 
 •^—Fort-WiUiam-Henry attacked by the French. They defeat a 
 
 detachment of the EnglifJj. Embargo laid on the fliipping by Lord 
 
 Loudouy to favour his attack on Louijbourg,—— He fails from Neiv- 
 
 York ; anchors at the Hook. Difpofitiou for the defence of the 
 
 frontiers in his abfence. Fort l\'il Ham-Henry befieged by the 
 
 French.— —Capitulates. Lord Loudon fails for Halifax.— —Ad" 
 
 miral Holborne arrives therefrom England. Troops embark to at- 
 tack Louijlourg. The flrcnglh of the French difcovered, The 
 
 Englfl} alter their plan of operations. Lord Loudon returns to 
 
 Neiv-Tork ; is recalled; fucceedei in his command by General 
 
 Abercromby. - - . . r,,, , , 7 ,, .. Page 58 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ■.»..'■. 
 
 Mr. Pitt refumes the expedition againjl Louifionrg. Procures Co- 
 lonel Amherfl the command of the army, and Admiral Bofcazven that 
 
 of the jlcet defined to attack that place. The Admiral fails from 
 
 Englcnd. General Amherfl meets him coming out of the harbour 
 
 of Halifax. -Sea and land forces employed againjl Louifbourg.—— 
 General AmherjYs journal of the expedition.— Louifiourg capitu- 
 lates. Admiral Bofcawen^s Utter to Mr, Pitt.— — Refe^ions on 
 
 the 
 
 '■% 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 m 
 
 thtfuge of LoulJbourg.——j1rmaincnt fent againjl the French fcttk" 
 ments. General Amherjl reinforces General Abercromby. Ope- 
 rations of the Engliflj againjl Ticonderoja, 'juhich General Aber- 
 cromby attacks by ajfault He tnifcarries in the attempt. Colo- 
 nel Braitjlreet takes Fort Fortinac. Importance of the conqiiejl. 
 
 Brigadier Forbes proceeds againjl Fort'du-^iefne.—— Colonel Stan- 
 ivix ereEls Fort Slanunx——— General /Itnhirjl appointed commander 
 in chief of the BritifJ J forces in K'jrth-Amcrica. Generals Aber- 
 cromby and Wolfe return to England. - - Page I op 
 
 uJ'V^Mff' ^vu BOOK 
 
 IV. 
 
 , f » 
 
 1 1 
 
 Refolution taken in England to attack the French iJlanJs in the JVeJf- 
 Indies.—— Armament ordered for that purpofcy Jails from England 
 
 arrives at Barbadoes fails for Martinico. The troops 
 
 landy and march againjl Fort Royal. Rejolution taken to attack 
 
 Saint Pierre.'— —Troops reimbark. The armament proceeds againjl 
 
 Guadaloupe, Bajfe-Terre dejlroyed. Troops land. French 
 
 governor fummoned tofurrender ; his anfiver. Refolitte behaviour 
 
 if the inhabitants.— —'Seat of ivar tranf erred to the eajlern part 
 
 of the ijland. Fort Louis reduced.-^— General Hopfon dies ; is 
 
 fucceeded by General Barrington.—— Batteries in and about Bajfe- 
 Terre dejlroyed ; and all the troops^ except one rrgintenf, drawn off. 
 -—. — French fleet dijcovered off Barbadoes ; general council of ivar 
 in confequence thereof. French make affjeiv of attacking the cita- 
 del of Baffe-Terre. Colonel Dejbrifay and others blo-um up and killed. 
 
 French driven back. EngUfli attempt to furprife Petite- 
 
 Bourg mifcarry land at Arnoiiville carry St. Mary^s 
 
 enter Capejlerre. Inhabitants offer to furrender on terms—— 
 
 capitulate. M. de Bompart arrives off the ifland— ■retires. 
 
 Commodore Moore fails in purfuit of him.— General Barring- 
 
 a 2 ton 
 
 m 
 
IV 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 ton appoints Brigadier Crump governor of Guadaloupe——^faiU for 
 England. - - - - - , Page i6z 
 
 'A•^ 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 Fhm of operations for the enfulng campaign Honour conferred on 
 
 General Amherjl and Admiral B(fcaiven,^—Dlfpofitions of the 
 French.— —-General Amherjl repairs to Albany-— stakes the field 
 
 ——arrives on the banks of Lake-George traces out a fort^ and 
 
 encamps embarks on the Lake ■ difembarks. -French abandon 
 
 the lines at Ticonderoga, and alfo the forty ivhlch are taken pojfcjjion 
 
 of by the Engllflj their preparations to attack Crown-Point—^ ' 
 
 the French abandon it occupied by the Engllfh. General Am- 
 herjl receives an account of the furrender of Niagara.- ■ Major 
 
 Rogers ordered to chajlife the Indians of St. Franpis. General 
 
 Amherjl embarks his army to purfuc the French ivho had retreated to 
 
 the IJle-aux-Noix returns to Croivn-Point clofcs the campaign. 
 
 Particulars of the ftege of Niagara. The forts of Prefqne-Ifley 
 
 Venango, and Le Bmf, reduced. Colonel Haldlmand at to ked at 
 
 Ofivego.—— Operations of Brigadier Stairwix. •. . 202 
 
 B o o K vr. ' 
 
 Expedition agahjl ^tebec. Forces employed in it. Pr noi's 
 
 dypofitlons to infure fuccefs. The Etigli/h troops laud < the 
 
 ijland of Orleans, in the river St. Laivrem.,. , General tjlfes 
 
 manlfejlo Strength of the French, An attempt made b_, ' :m 
 
 to defray the F-ngllfh fleet by flre-flnps defeated.— —A fully 
 
 made by tkem to deflroy the firfl ivorks of the Engll/lj——repulfed, 
 
 The Engll/lj prepare to attack the French troops covering the 
 
 toxvn. 77je French again attempt to dtjlroy the Engll/h fleet by 
 
 f re-rafts. The Engliflj attack the French are repulfed. 
 
 Orders ijfued by General IVolfe.—— General Wolfe falls ftck. His 
 
 letter 
 
 h *> 
 
CONTENTS. V 
 
 letter^ oti the occqfion, to the Brigadiers— ^and their anfuuer. 
 
 Battle of ^tebec General Wolfe and M. de Montcalm killed.--^ 
 
 The town inveflc d capitulate: the articles. RefltSlions on 
 
 the foregoing events. Honours paid the conquerors by their King 
 
 and country and to M. de Montcalm by the French army.' • The 
 
 Cherokees ravage the frontiers of South-Carolina— —are compelled 
 to make a peace^ by Mr. Lyttelton., governor of that province. Ar- 
 ticles of the peace. - - Page 233 
 
 BOOK vir. 
 
 Strength of the French and EnglifJj in Canada after the reduHion of 
 
 ^tebec. • Farther operations of the EngliJ}). French vcffcls 
 
 pafs ^lebec. Preparations of the French to attack ^lebec in the 
 
 •winter. Their frfl defign frujlrated. Their preparations to be- 
 
 ficge ^lebec and thofe of the Euglifh to defend it. Farther at- 
 tempts of the French mifcarry.-— -Governor Murray marches out of 
 
 ^lebec. Battle of Sillery. French invefl ^ebect——ivho 
 
 retire on the frfl appearance of Englijh fliips.-—' Governor Murray 
 prepares to join General Amherfi before Montreal.— —Cherokees guilty 
 of new ravages.'—— ' Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Montgomery 
 
 marches agaitijl them, kills a great number, and bums FJlato i • • 
 
 offers them peace, -which they refufe—He returns to Charles Town.— 
 Cherokees blockade Fort- Lotidon.— The garrifon capitulates. 269 
 
 BOOK viir. 
 
 Divevfton made by Major Rogers^ in Canada, in favour of the gctrrifon of 
 
 ^lebec. General Jmberft proceeds againji Montreal.— —A French 
 
 armed vcjfcl taken in the River St. Lawrence.— Fort Levi taken, 
 
 Rapids in the River St. Lawrence; p«ffcd by the Engli/h army, 
 
 "^—Extraordinary clemency of the Engli/h to the French inhabi- 
 
 - tants.—— General Amherfi arrives before, and invefs Montreal ; ibe 
 ■ * S French 
 
 
»i CONTENTS. 
 
 French army having retired into it. Letters between the Engli/b 
 
 and French Generals. The French General capitulates.'— —The 
 
 articles. Favourable imprejion made by the appearance of two 
 
 ether EngliJI} armies before Montreal, tinder Governor Murray from 
 
 ^lebcc, and Brigadier Haviland from -Croirn- Point. Governor 
 
 Murray sjlrength and progrefs he is joined hy two '•egiments or- 
 dered from Loiiijbourg reaches the ijland of Montreal^ and 
 
 marches up to the toixnt. Brigadier Haviland'' s frength and pro- 
 
 grcfs. Major Rogers fent to take pojfcjfton of the forts in Canada, 
 
 fill in the hands of the French.— —ReJIeclions on the conqueji of 
 Canada. - - - - - Page 297 
 
 . - BOOK IX. 
 
 Savages of North- America troublefome, and again brought to reafon. < 
 General u^mherjl invefcd ivith the order of the Bath. Prepara- 
 tions to attack Martinico, Admiral Rodney to command the feet. — 
 
 Sails for BarhaJoes. Arnianhnt completed by the arrival of the 
 
 Generals Monckton an I Rufane, and Lord Rollo at Barbadoes. 
 
 Sails from thence for Martinico. Landing cffeEled in Port-Royal 
 
 Bay.— —Mount Tortonfon carried; and likewife Mount Gamier. 
 
 773e citadel of Fort-Royal capitulates. Mo^ of the inhabi- 
 tants of the ijl.inlfib.nit on terms. Pigeon-Jf and fur render s . 
 
 La Trinite reduced. The Governor-general capitulates for the 
 
 ivhole ifland. RefeHions on the conqucJl of Martinico. War 
 
 declared hetiveen Spain and England. Spaniflj regiferflnp brought 
 
 into Martinico. The Grenades reduced. St. Lucia furrenders by 
 
 capitulation. Arrival of the French feet off Martinico. 
 
 Admiral Rodney affembles his fliips to attack it, or cover Jamaica;— —• 
 Is obliged to dsftjl from his defigns to favour afecret expedition ;— — 
 
 Reinforces the Jamaica feet notwitlfanding. Meafures taken to 
 
 forward the fecret expedition. 1 he French fquadron, commanded by 
 
 M.deBlenac, blocked up in Port-St.-Franfois, in the Ijland of Hifpa- 
 
 nigla. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 tU 
 
 niola. M. de Blenac difetnbarks the troops^ and determines to 
 
 remain in the harbour. 
 
 Page 346 
 
 ,1V 
 
 > 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 The Engli/f} refolve to attack the Havanna.—~Sea and land-forces fent 
 
 againjl it. They arrive at Darbadoes ; at Martinico. Pro~ 
 
 ceed to the Havanna. SpaniJJj vejjels taken. Force of the 
 
 Spaniards at the Havanna. The Englif}) land in its neighbourhood. 
 
 Rout a body of Spani/lj cavalry. Take pojl at Gnanamacoa. 
 
 Bejiege the Moro. The Spaniards make a fully ; are rC" 
 
 pulfed. The Moro cannonaded by fea. j4rrival of troops from 
 
 N'.rth-America. Ihe Moro taken by ajfatilt. The cannon of the 
 
 Moro turned ag ^inft the Havanna The Governor fummoned to 
 
 fitrrender. Refufes. Batteries ere^ed againjl the toivn, opened. 
 
 The Goi ernor defires to capitulate \-— 'Granted, The articles 
 
 of capitulation, - - - 397 
 
 ■*:.^. 
 
 BOOK XT. 
 
 The French ft out a fquadron to attack Newfoundland : Proceed on 
 
 the enterpr'fe. Land in the Bay of Bulls. 'The garri/bn cf iS/, 
 
 yohn's fur render to them. Sir jfefferey Amhcrjl prepares to retake 
 
 it. Sends Colonel Amhcrjl ivith a detachment for that purpoj'e. • 
 
 Lands at Kitty-vitty. Attacks the French. Is victorious. - 
 
 The French garrifon capitulates.— —/Articles of capitulation. 4.66 
 
 BOOK xir. 
 
 Source of the new ivar bctiveen the Engli/Jj and Indians in North- Ame- 
 rica.— -Plan and preparations of the Indians. — Their frjl exploits.--^ 
 
 They take Jeveral forts. '-"•' Detroit cloj'cly blockaded. Fort-Pitt 
 
 bejieged. Relief jent to Detroit and Niagara, Stratagem of the 
 
 4 Indi^msy 
 
 
 11: 
 
 mMil 
 
r 
 
 viil 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 . 
 
 
 /lul'mns, tofurpnfe the garrlfon of Detroit, defeated. • - Sally hy Cap^ 
 
 tain Dalyell. Relief fent to Fort-Pitt., under Colonel Bouquet. 
 
 •• ■ — Siege of Fort-Pitt raifed hy the Indians. yl&ions bctiveen the 
 
 Engliflj and the Indians near Bufhy-Run.—— Colonel Bouquet arrives 
 
 at Fort-Pitt. Great bravery of the creto of a vejfel. Spirit of 
 
 dif content amongjl the Engli/Jj troops. The caufe of it removed by 
 
 Sir Jeffrey Amherfi, The King^s approbation of the late behaviour of 
 
 the troops near Bufliy-Run. Plan of operation for the year 1764, 
 
 hy Colonels Bouquet and Bradjlreet. Major General Gage fucceeds 
 
 Sir Jeffrey Amherfi.— —Colonel Bradjlreet and Sir IFilliatn Johnfii 
 arrive at Niagaray and find a great number of Indians there.- 
 Tranfaclions ivith them.-'— Colonel Bradjlreet' s orders concerning his 
 
 conduct towards the Indians. Sir William Johnfon returns home, and 
 
 the Indians dif perfe.— Colonel Bradjlreet met hy Indian nations 
 J'utng for peace.— —^Preliminaries granted them. Colonel Brad- 
 jlreet gives an account of his proceedings to General Gage ..i Colonel 
 
 Bouquet. Sends Captain Morris to take poffeffion of the Illinois' 
 
 country. Colonel Bradjlreet arrives at Detroit. Indians flock to 
 
 fue for peace. Peace concluded ivith them. Defcription of De- 
 
 troit. Colonel Bradjlreet leaves that place. His tranjii^ions 
 
 ivith the Indians for a peace condemned hy General Gage.— -Zeal of 
 
 the Six Nations in the caufe of the Engli/h. Great diflrefs of Colonel 
 
 Bradftreet. '-He conquers all difficulties by his prudence, and arrives 
 
 at length at Ontario. Colonel Bouquet proceeds on his march. 
 
 Is met by deputies from the Senecas, Delaivars, and Shawanefe. 
 
 They deliver up a great number of their captives.— He exaiis 
 hoft ages for their fending deputies to Sir William Johnfon. The Co- 
 lonel returns to Fort-Pitt, difpofes of his regulars, and fends home the 
 provincials and the refcued captives. Page 477 
 
 INTRO- 
 
• »i 
 
 .::ii. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 m 
 
 ■I 
 
 BY the treaty of Utrecht, confirmed by that of Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle, the boundaries of the French and Englifli pofTefnons 
 in North America were fo vaguely fettled, as to allow the 
 court of France new pretexts for extending her dominion in 
 that part of the world, and to make fuch attempts to encroach 
 upon the Englilh territories, as would in time totally exclude 
 them from fo vaft a continent. Accordingly, the French, with 
 this view, determined to eredl a chain of forts on the back 
 fettlements of the Englifh, from the river St. Lawrence to 
 the Miiliifipi; they purfued, with inceflant ardour, every 
 method to ingratiate themfelves with the natives, and effec- 
 tually win them over to their intereft, whilft the mother-country 
 liberally contributed all the fupplies requifite to carry into 
 execution thefe grand, however unfair, defigns. 
 
 Reprefentations againft fuch proceedings were not negle<5):cd 
 by the Englifti. Memorials were delivered to the French 
 miniftry; and thefe produced the appointment of commiflion- 
 crs, who met at Paris, and opened their refpec^ive conimiffions 
 on the 2 1 ft of September lyjo. M. de la Galiffioniere and M. 
 de Silhouette were chofen on the part of France ; and Mr. 
 Shirley and Mr. Mildinay on that of Great Britain. The defign of 
 the court of London, in agreeing to this mcafure, was amicably 
 
 B lo 
 
 'A 
 
 <( ■,. 
 
 
 
f 
 
 i 
 hi 
 
 a INTRODUCTION. 
 
 to fettle the true limits of the French and Englifli territories in 
 North America ; but it loon appeared, it was by no means th:it 
 of the court of Verfaillcs. In proportion as the Englifh com- 
 miilioners advanced in their inquiries, fuch futile obje(51:ions 
 were ftarted, and fuch unneceflary delays contrived, by the 
 French, as obliged Mr. Shirley and Mr. MiAdmay t(» Veak up 
 the conferences and return to England. 
 
 In the mean tiine> the French continued to ete£t forts on d»e 
 weftcrn frontiers of Virginia, whidi lie upon the Ohio ; nor 
 were they lefs attentive to what feemed to be another ^randplan» 
 that of encroaching upon fuch parts of the northern colonies 
 of the Engliih as were aftually inhabited. M. du Qucfne, 
 who fuccceded M. de la Galiflionicre in the government of 
 Canada^ having received inflrudtions to take poflellion of the 
 countries on the Ohio for the crown of France, in the begin- 
 ning of the year 1753. ordered tlie Sieuf de Sc Pierre with a 
 detachment to take poft on the river aux Boeufs, aad there to 
 remain until he received farther orders. De St. Pier-re took 
 poft there accoi'dingly, and crecSted a fort £or it's fecurity. Of 
 this Mr. Dinwiddle, lieutenant-govefnor of Virginia, had early 
 intelligence ; which was confirmed by a xneSkngcx lie had dif- 
 patched to explore the encroachments of the French, and recon- 
 noitre their fituation. This mcilenger reported, that the French 
 had fifteen hundred regular troops in tliofe parts; that they had 
 built three forts on the frontiers ; that, as tliey had not met 
 with any oppofit ion, they were refolved to maintain their ground : 
 to which he added, that, unlefs the Englifh likewife purfued: 
 vigoi'ous meafures, and built forts on the river Mifliffipi, the 
 french would, in a fliort time, fortify themfclves there fo 
 '*flre<Siually, as to make it impoflible to c-xpel them. This 
 
 i. alarmin;^. 
 
INTRODUCTION. | 
 
 alarming advice induced Governor Dinwiddic to fend, by Mr. 
 Wafliington, the following fpiritcd letter to the French conj- 
 mandant on the river aux Bocufs: , " , 
 
 SIR, 
 
 npHE lands upon the river Ohio, in the weftern parts of the 
 "*■ colony of Virginia, are fo notorioufly known to be the 
 property of the crown of Great Britain, that it 1$ a matter of 
 equal conceru and furprize to nxe, to hear tlwt a body o^" 
 French forces are erefting fortrefles and oiaking fettlements 
 upon that river, within his Majefty's dominions. The many 
 and repeated complaints I have received of thefe slOls of ho- 
 ftility, lay me under the ueceflity of fending, in the name of 
 the king my matter, the bearer hereof, George Wafhington, 
 Efq; one of the adjutants-general of the forces of this domi- 
 nion, to complain to you of the encroachments thus made, 
 and of the injuries done to the fubjedls of Great Britain, in 
 violation of tlie law of nations, and the treaties now fubfift- 
 ing between tlie two crowns. If thefe are fa'fls, and you think 
 lit to juftify your proceedings, I muft defire you to acquaint 
 me, by whofe authority and inftru(5tions, you have lately 
 marched from Canada with an armed force, and invaded the 
 king of Great Britain's territories, in the manner complained 
 of; that, according to the purport and refolution of your an- 
 fwer, I may a(5l agreeably to the cpiiimiflion I ani honoured 
 with, from the king my mafter. However, Sir, in obedience 
 to my in{lru(5lions, it becomes my duty to require your peace- 
 able departure; and that you would forbear profecuting a 
 purpofc fo intcrruptivc of the harmony and good undcriland- 
 
 B 2 
 
 mg 
 
f 
 
 ! 
 
 4 Introduction; 
 
 ing which his majefty is dcfirous to continue and cuhivate with 
 the mofl: Chriftian king. lam, &c. - l r /■^.::': : .' 
 
 Williamfburgh, 
 0(5tobcr the 31ft, 1753. 
 
 IIODERT DINWIDDIE. 
 
 With this letter, Mr. Wafliington received inflrut^ions to 
 procure all the intelligence he poflibly could of the fituation 
 of the French, and the encroachments they had made. It was 
 late in the feafon, namely, the 2 2d of November, before he 
 could reach the Monangahela ; on his arrival there, he found 
 that the French troops had retired into winter-quarters. Three 
 days after» however, he met fome French deferters, who in- 
 formed him, that they were part of an hundred men who had 
 been fent with eight canoes laden with provifions from New 
 Orleans to Kufkafkas, with a promife of being there joined by 
 a party from the Milliflipi to convoy them up the river ; that 
 the French had built four fmall forts between New Orleans and 
 the Black Iflands, and garrifoned them with thirty or forty meni 
 that, at New Orleans, near the mouth of the Miffiffipi, there 
 were thirty-five companies of forty men each, with a fort of 
 fix carriage guns ; and, at Black Iflands, feveral companies, 
 and a fort of eight guns. They alfo acquainted him, that 
 there was a fmall palifadocd fort on the Ohio, at the mouth of 
 the Ouabach. An Indian trader, who accompanied thefe de- 
 ferters, added, that, at Shanaoh town, he had feen a Sachem 
 of the Six Nations, from whom he had learned, that a fort had 
 been erected on Lake Erie ; and another, on a fmall lake about 
 fifteen miles diftant, with a good road between them ; that 
 tlirce Indian nations, fubjceT: to the French, had taken up the 
 
 batchct 
 
I 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 5 
 
 hatchet againft the Englifli; that the French had aflembled the 
 Mingos and Delawarcs, telling them, that they intended to 
 have been down the river that Autumn, but were obliged, by 
 the inclemency of the weather, to defer their expedition till 
 the Spring, when they fhould certainly attack the Englifli, and 
 doubted not of being able to give a good account of them : at 
 the fiime time foothing thefe Indians to their intereft with fuch 
 fuccefs, as to obtain from them a promife of aflillance. Mr. 
 Wafliington then proceeded to Venango, where he arrived the 
 4th day of December. This fort was commanded by M. Jon- 
 cairc, who conduifbed Mr. Wafliington to another fort, at 
 ■which the Fxcnch commandant, M de St. Pierre, had taken up 
 his winter-quarters. This gentleman entertained Mr. Wafliing- 
 ton with great politenefs ; and, after fome conferences on the 
 bufincfs of his commiflion, gave him the following anfwer to* 
 Governor Dinwiddie's letter. 
 
 ;^ 
 
 S1*R, . 
 
 A S I have the honour of commanding here in chief, Mr.. 
 •^ *■ Wafliington delivered to me the letter which you wrote 
 to the commander of the French troops. I fliould have been 
 
 . glad, that you had given him orders, or that he himfelf had 
 been difpofed, to proceed to Canada, to fee our general, to 
 
 . whom it better belongs than to me, to exhibit and prove the 
 titles of the king my mailer, to the lands fituate along the 
 river Ohio, and to examine the pretenfions of the king of 
 Great Britain thereto. I fliall tranfmit your letter to the mar- 
 quis du Quefne. His anfwer will be a law to me : and if he 
 fball order me to communicate it to you, Sir, you may be 
 
 > 1 . afluicd 
 
 
f 
 
 u 
 
 6 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 aflurcd that I fhall not fail to difpatch it forthwith. As to 
 the fummons you fend me to retire, I do not think myfelf 
 obliged to obey it. Whatever may be your inftru«5lion8, I am 
 here by virtue of the orders of my general ; and, 1 intreat you, 
 Sir, not to doubt, one moment, of my being determined to 
 obey them with all the exadtnefs and refolution which ciin be 
 cxpctiled from the beft officer. I do not know that, in the 
 progrefs of this campaign, any thing has pafFed, which can 
 be deemed an a<5l of hoftility, or any way contrary to the 
 treaties which fubfill between the two crowns ; the conti- 
 nuation of which is as much the intereft of, and as plcafing 
 to us, as the Englifli. Had you been pkafcd, Sir, to parti- 
 cularize the fa<5ts which occafioncd your complaint, I Ihould 
 have had the honour of anfwcring you in the fuUeft, and, I 
 am perfuaded, the moft fatisfatflory manner. 
 
 From the fort on the 
 river aux Boeufs, LEGARDIER DE ST. PIERRE. 
 
 December i6th, 1753. r 
 
 With this anfwer, Mr. Wafliington fet out on the i6th of 
 December, ft'om M. de St. Pierre's quarters. On his return, 
 he very provitlentially efcaped being trcachero'ttfty mur4crcd 
 by an Indian wIk) attended him in the double capacity of guide 
 and interpreter. This wretch, conrraiy to the «fual cuftom 
 of his countTyracn, kept up a continual whooping, the whole 
 way, in fpitc of all Mr. Wafhington's orders and entreaties to 
 make him dcfift ; and, one day in particular, greatly protra<5fced 
 the ordinary time of marching, fo as to afford Mr. Wafliington 
 juft reafon to fufpev5t that he had hopes of being joined, with 
 
 no 
 
 IX 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 no friendly defign, by fome other Indians. Nor did he fufpedt 
 more mifchicf than was intended. One evening, as Mr. 
 Wafliington, and Mr. Gucft his companion, were moving on, 
 the guide, who was at a fmall diftance from them, fuddenly 
 prefented his piece, and fired at Mr. Wafliington, but luckily 
 mifled him. Upon this, Mr. Gueft propofed immediately to 
 deftroy the Indian ; but was prevailed upon by Mr. Wafliington 
 to dcfill, as the Indian countries through which they had pafled 
 knew they were attended by this man, and, on mif&ng him, 
 would conclude, notwithllanding any arguments that could 
 be ufed to prove the contrary, that they had wantonly mur- 
 dered him. Therefore, to avoid any new difputes with the 
 favages, which, they knew, could not but be attended with 
 very ill confequenccs, particularly at this juncture, they con- 
 tented themfelves with immediately feparating from him. 
 However, to avoid farther treachery, they marched full fixty 
 miles without halting. At length, after encountering many 
 diflkulties and dangers, they arrived fafe at Williamfl>urgh^ 
 on the 1 6th January, 1754. 
 
 The contefts on the fubje<51: of the French and Englifli pof- 
 feflions on the Continent of North America, from the treaty 
 of Aix-la-Chapelle to this time, were chiefly confined to me- 
 morials and reprefentations. No part of the occurrences 
 within that period can be confidered as immediately apper- 
 taining to the hiftory of the war. Neverthelefs, I thought it 
 would not be improper to prcfent my readers with this intro- 
 du<flory detail ; efpecially, as fome of thcfe tranfa^ftions gave 
 rife to the events, which, agreeable to my engagements with* 
 the public, 1 am now to relate. 
 
 n *•"• *■' 
 
ir. 
 
 ;i~. 
 
 '> -i Vil 
 
 
 > 
 
 s 
 
 •: 
 
THE 
 
 ': r I 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 « 
 
 O F 1 H f 
 
 LATE WAR I : : AMERICA. 
 
 •I 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^1 
 
 B O O K I. 
 
 The province of Virginia prepares to oppofe the encroachments of the 
 French. Mr. Wajlnngton takes the field; defeats M. Jinnonville ; 
 
 . is defeated., in his turn, by M. Villier. Major General Braddock 
 
 arrives ; is defeated by M. Dumat, and dies of his ivounds : defence 
 of his conduH. Major General Shirley takes upon him the com- 
 mand of the Englifh forces ; proceeds to Ofivego ; returns to Albany. 
 Major General Johnfons expedition ; he is attacked by M. Ic 
 Baron Diejkau, but is viilorious ; he creHs Fort William-Henry ; 
 puts his army into ivinter-quarters, and returns to Albany.- 
 Dijlrefs of the Engli/J} Backfet tiers ; military operations undertaken 
 to proteH them.—ObJlinacy of the Penfylv anions in not agreeing to any 
 
 - "warlike preparations ; they yield at lafl to the prayers and threats 
 
 of the Back-fettlers, and pafs a militia act. The acl. The 
 
 other colonies very remij's in preparing for their defence. Remon- 
 
 firances and injlruElions of the dtftreffcd inhabitants of the back 
 fettlements.—— Council of war at yllbany. General Shir I y en- 
 deavours to unite the divided colonies, and conciliate the offc6lions 
 of the Indians.-— ^Meafures agreed to in conj'equence thereof. 
 General Shirley ordered to England. 
 
 THE hoftile dcfigns of the court of France being fuffl- 
 cicntly apparent, from the tranfaclions we have related 
 in the introduction, Mr. Dinwiddic, lieuicnant-govcrnor of 
 
 C Virginia, 
 
 1754. 
 
xo 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 % 
 
 U 
 
 H 
 
 k 
 
 1754- Virginia, the province mod expofed, thought it his duty, with- 
 out any frefli orders from Great Britain, to employ all the 
 authority with which he was already invefted, to put a flop to 
 their encroachments. For this purpofe, he prevailed on the 
 afTembly of Virginia to vote the fum of 10,000/.; and, likewife, 
 propofcd the levying of a regiment of militia ; and that the 
 Ohio company of merchants, who had procured an exclufivc 
 grant from the crown to fettle the lands on the Ohio, fliould, in 
 compliance with their engagements with government, imme- 
 diately raife thirty men, and feml them to take poll at the 
 forks of that river, a fpot which, from its lituation, was fup- 
 pofed to be that the French would firfl: endeavour to feize 
 upon. Thcfe men were accordingly raifcu ; and immediately 
 proceeded to the place of their deftination, where, on their 
 arrival, they began to execute their orders by laying the foun- 
 dations of a fort ; but, on the i8th of April, 1754, when it was 
 fcarcely above the furface of the ground, M. de Contrecoeur 
 appeared before it with a body of twelve hundred men, and fum- 
 moned the commanding officer to retire, w.iich he accordingly 
 did, for want of fufficient ftrcngth to defend himfclf. In the 
 mean time, the provincial troops propofcd to be raifed in Virgi- 
 nia, were nearly completed j and part of them ordered to rein- 
 force thofe of the Ohio company. The colonel of this body 
 dying foon after he took the field, the command devolved on 
 the lieutenant- coloi>el, Mr. Wafliington ; who, continuing his 
 rout, met the Ohio company on their return home at Wills 
 creek. 
 
 On the 27th, in the evening, Colonel Wafliington leing en- 
 camped on the great meadows, Monacatootha and the Half 
 King, two principal Sachems of the Five Nations, brought 
 
 advice, 
 
 11 
 
 ;i ■ . 
 
 — ^liiijifijiijaK 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 II 
 
 J 
 
 advice, " That a party of French had been fent to intercept 
 him, but had mifTcd him in the woods ; that they had retired 
 to a fmall diftance, and were that night encamped in a very 
 thick and fecret place about half a mile out of the road.' Co- 
 lonel Wafhington, on i-eceiving this intelligence, prepared his 
 men for adlion, and in the night fct out with them to attacU the 
 French. At the dawn of day he arrived at their encampment, 
 and immediately attacked it: out of the whole party, which 
 confided of M. Jumonville and forty-five men, but one efcaped; 
 the reft were either killed or taken prifoners. The colonel 
 then ere<^ed a fmall fort, which, from the reafon of his ere(5l- 
 ing it, he called Fort Neceflity, as it was to protedl him till 
 the arrival of a body of men which were to follow from 
 the provinces of New York and the Carolinas. Soon after, he 
 was joined. by the remainder of the Virginia troops, and a 
 company from South Carolina, which increafed his little 
 army to fourhundred cfFe(5live men: this number however being 
 too fmall for any farther ofTenfive operations, he employed them 
 in clearing a road to Red-Stone Creek ; there he received ad- 
 vice that M. de Contrecoeur had detached M. de Villier with a 
 thoufaud regular troops^ and an hundred Indians, to demand 
 fatisfaftion for the attack on M. Jumonville. Upon this, Colonel 
 Wafhington immediately returned to Fort Necefilty, where he 
 determined to wait the arrival of the troops promifed by the 
 province of New York. But, on the 3d of July, the enemy 
 appeared before the fort, and at about eight in the morning, 
 began to attack it fo warmly, that by eight in the evening of 
 the fame day, Mr. Wafhington thought proper to agree to a 
 cefiation of arms propofed by M. de Villier, which terminated 
 in the following extraordinary capitulation : 
 
 G z Capilulalion 
 
 I ni 
 
 H 
 
 'i 
 
ki- 
 
 ll HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1 754' Capitulation granted the ^d of July, 1 754, by M. de Vill'ier^ Commandant 
 of his mojl Chr'iflian Majejiy^s forces, to the EnglifJj troops in Fort-" 
 Narjftty, built on the lands ivithin the kings dominions. 
 
 Art. I. We give the Englifh commander leave to retire with all 
 his garrifon, and return peaceably into his own country ; 
 and promife to prevent his receiving any infults from the 
 French troops under us, or from the favagcs with us, as 
 much as fliall be in our power. - 
 
 II. The Englifli Ihall likewife have leave to carry off all that 
 belongs to'them, except the artillery, which we referve. 
 
 III. We will allow them the honours of war ; that is, to march 
 out, drums beating, with a fwivel gun ; being willing to 
 lliev/ them that we confider them as friends. 
 
 IV. As foon as the articles arefigned on both fides, the Englifti 
 are to llrike their colours. 
 
 V. To morrow, at break of day, a detachment of French fhall 
 be admitted to fee the garrifon file off, and take poffeflioa of 
 the fort. 
 
 VI. And, as the Englifli are not well provided with oxen or 
 horfcs, they are free to hide their effe(5ls, and come and 
 fearch for them when they have met with their horfes ; they 
 may even for this purpofc leave watchmen behind them, in 
 what number they pleafe, on condition they give their word 
 of honour not to work upon any buildings in this place, or 
 on tins fide of the mountain, during a year, to be reckoned 
 from this day : And, as the Englifh have in their power an 
 officer of our';i, two cadets, and moft of the common men 
 
 7 made 
 
 J 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 made prifoners at the ajfajjination of the Sieur de Jumon- 
 villc, (an officer charged with a fummons, as appears by 
 his writings,) they are to promil'e to lend them back to Fort 
 du Quefne, fituated on the Ohio. And, as a fccurity for their 
 performing the whole of this capitulation, and the prcfent 
 article in particular, Mr. Jacob Vanbraam, and Mr. Robert 
 Stobo, both captains in the Englilli fcrvice, lliall be left as 
 hoftages till the arrival of the Canadians and French above- 
 mentioned. We oblige ourfelves, on our parr, to furnilh 
 thefe two officers with an efcort, to convey them fafj home. 
 We expecfl our countrymen Ihall be reftored us in two months 
 and a half at fartheft; a duplicate being made upon one of- 
 tlie polls of our blockade the day above. 
 
 CON. VILLIER. 
 
 H 
 
 1754- 
 
 This capitulation was written in French; and, as neither 
 Mr. Wafhington nor any of his party underflood that language, 
 a foreigner was employed to read it to them in Englifli. But,, 
 jnftcad of ading the part of a faithful interpreter, when 
 he came to the odious word ajpijination, he tranflated it " the 
 defeat of M. Jumonville." This I have the beft authority to 
 aflcrt; the authority of the Englifli officers who were prefenr. 
 Indeed, the thing fpeaks for itfelf. It cannot be fuppofed that 
 thefe gentlemen Ihould know fo little of what they owed to 
 thcmfelves, both as men and as foldiers, as not to prefer any 
 extremity rather than fubmit to the difgracc of being branded 
 with the imputation of fo horrid a crime. 
 
 After all, had they been really guilty of this charge, tlicy 
 could fcarce have been worfc ufed than they were: the capi- 
 tulation 
 
 !| 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 % 
 
r 
 
 * 
 
 ^\: 
 
 I ! 
 
 S( 
 
 y 
 
 If 
 
 :'* 
 
 H 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1754- tulation was fcarcely figned, when it was mofl: fliamefuUy 
 broken; the ofliccrswerekeptprifoners for fome time; the whole 
 of their baggage was phmdered; and all their horfes and cattle 
 killed 01) the fpot. However, at length, Colonel Wafliington re- 
 tired in as good order as his fituation would admit. Onhisrctm*n, 
 he met the New-York and North-Carolina companies at Win- 
 chcfier. Had they joined him at the appointed time, there is no 
 doubt but that he would have fecured a poff: till he had received 
 fuch farther reinforcements as would have enabled him to dif- 
 lodge tlic French, and drive them from the country they had 
 ufurped. To compenfate as much as polfible for this difappoint- 
 menr, he halted at Wills Creek, and affiftcd in erecfling a fort 
 there, which was afterwards called Fort Cumberland. Mean- 
 while, the governor of the Englifli colonies loft no time in tranf- 
 mitting to London an account of thcfe tranfa^lions ; and, in 
 confcquence of which, the Britiih ambaflador at Paris had 
 immediate orders fent to him to rcmonftrate ferioufly againft 
 them, as fo many infractions of the treaty of peace fubfifting 
 between the two nations. But the French miniftry, far from 
 paying any regard to thefc remonftrances, no longer took any 
 pains to conceal their hoftilc intentions. They publicly gave 
 orders for the fpeedy reinforcement of their colonies with 
 men and military ftores ; that of Quebec in particular, in 
 order to enable it to follow, without lofs of rime, the blow 
 they had already ftruck in that part of the world ; and M. le 
 Baron Diefkau, and M. de Vaudreuil, ai^ually embarked for 
 Canada v/ith troops and orders to -•••lack Ofwcgo. But the 
 Englifh miniftry contented themfeives with lending cautionary 
 inflructions to their governors to unite in their defence, and 
 ordering, that, in cafe tlic fiibje«5ls of any foreign prince 
 
 lliould 
 
 ife- 
 
 m 
 
 u 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 15 
 
 fliould prefurae to make any incroachmcnts on the dominions 
 of the king of England, by erecting forts on his lands, or com- 
 mitting any other aifl of hoRility, and fhould, after being 
 required to dcfift from fuch proceedings, dill perlift in them, 
 they (liould then draw out the armed force of their refpecflive 
 provinces, and ufc their bed endeavours to repel force by 
 force. The Englifli governors were likcwife ordered to form 
 a confederacy ; and Mr. Delancy, lieutenant-governor of New 
 York, was appointed to confer witli the chiefs of the Five 
 Nations, and endeavour, by prcfents and every other means, 
 to fecure them firm to the Briiifh intereft. Commiflioners 
 were accordingly deputed from the feveral provinces to form 
 this congrefs, which was appointed to be held at Albany on 
 the 14th of Jvme, 1754; but few Indians repaired to it, and 
 thefc, inilcad of fhewing any great willingnefs to aflift, made 
 no fcruple openly to blame the conduift of the Englifli, 
 and as openly applaud that of the French, who had been fo 
 diligent to maintain their fcttlemcnts, and protccfl their allies ; 
 whilft the EngliQi, they faid, left both their fettlements and 
 their allies cxpol'cd to ruin and dcflru(5lion. They however 
 accepted the Britilli prcfents, renewed their ancient treaties, 
 and exprcllcd a dcfire to receive vigorous affiftancc from the 
 Englifli, in order to drive the French from their invaded ter- 
 ritories. 
 
 At this meeting, meafures were propofcd for forming a 
 general union between the colonies, and cftablifhing a fiuid, 
 by way of military chert, for defraying all the extraordinary 
 expences incident to a ftate of war. But the clafhing inte- 
 refts of the provinces, in matters of much lefs moment, pre- 
 vented theic falutary meafures being properly adopted. 
 
 Whilft- 
 
 1754- 
 
 JpI 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
HISTORY or THE 
 
 I. 
 
 
 \ ■ \ 
 
 I. i- 
 
 jAi 
 
 1754- Wliilft tlic congrcfs was yet fitting, Mr. Shirley, as governor 
 
 ""* of tlic province of MaiTacb.ufet's Bay, prevailed on that province 
 
 to build a fort near the head of the river Kennebec, and 
 make provifion for eight hundred men, to proteft it from the in- 
 roads of the enemy. He took the field with thefe troops ; and, 
 with the confcnt of the Indians, erected Fort Wellern, about 
 feven-and-thirty miles from the mouth of the Kennebec river ; 
 and Fort Hallifax, about fifty-four miles down the fame river. An 
 account of thefe tranfa(5lions being tranfmitted to the Englifli 
 miniilry, together with the prefent ftate of that part of the con- 
 tinent, Governor Shirley not only received the thanks of the king 
 his mailer in council, but was ordered to concert meafiu-es with 
 Lieutenant-Governor Lawrence for attacking the French fettle- 
 ments in the bay of Fundy. But the feafon happened to be too 
 far advanced, when they received thefe orders, to commence 
 hofiilities in that quarter till the enfuing fpring: they therefore 
 contented themfelves with making all the extraordinary pre- 
 parations for that fervice which the delay of it afforded them. 
 They raifed two thoufand men, whom government fupplied with 
 arms. In the mean time, the negociations which had been re- 
 iiev/ed in Europe for the amicable termination of thefe difputcs, 
 not taking the turn which the court of London thought herfelf 
 intitlcd to expe(5t, flic therefore i-efolvcd to purfue ftill more 
 vigorous meafures, and iffued orders forraifing two regiments in 
 America, to be commanded by Sir William Pepperel, and Go- 
 vernor Shirlev, whilfl: Halket's and Dunbar's were ordered from 
 the Irifli efiablifliment with General Braddock, who was, on his 
 arrival in America, to take upon him the command of all theBri- 
 tifli forces i. that part of the world. The Virginians, in the mean 
 time, completed the fort,which they called Fort Cumberland ; and 
 
 even 
 
\ 
 
 
 Vi 
 
 :U 
 
 and 
 ;ven 
 
 (i 4 
 
 Si i' 
 
 I 
 
 . » i 
 
 [I 
 
 'it' 
 
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 i 
 
 ■ 
 
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 J^ 
 
 I >j 
 
 q 
 
 yL 
 
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 Wm 
 
., /i - (■' ^- ^, , .*.... .^#*. -.»: v. '».-- '^^ % ■•- -^ 'r*....^ ..""*'" ,"ia^'- 1*^ 
 
i ' • . 
 
 H > 
 
 
 A i 
 
 
LATE WAR IN A ML RICA. 
 
 even formed a camp on Wills Cicck, in order to attack the 
 French on the Ohio. 
 
 Major Cicncral Braddock arrived with two rc;;i!r5cnt'> from 
 Ireland by the latter end ot I'ebruary, 1755; and, as Coon 
 attcr Ills arrival as he pollil)ly coidd, limilTioncd the difl'erent 
 governors of the r.ngllfli lettlcments on the continent to meet 
 him at .Alexandria in \'irginia, in order to deliberate with him 
 on the moll proper meaiurcs to recover, by force of arms, what 
 ■ had been loll in fniitlcfs rcmonllranccs; and thereby rellorc 
 the credit of the En^^lilh amongil the Indians. Various were 
 the plans propoled for this purpole. At length, it was agreed, 
 "That, for the prefervation of Ofwego, and the rediitT:ion of 
 Niagara, Shirley's and Tepperel's regiments fliould proceed to 
 Lake Ontario ; and that one or more armed vciTels, of about 
 fixty tons each, Ihoidd be built on that lake, to command it. 
 Governor Shirley was charged with the execution of this fcr- 
 vicc; Colonel Johnfoti with that of invelling Crov/n-Point witii 
 fome provincial troops; and General Braddock was to attack 
 Fort du Que hie. 
 
 While thcfe plans were profecuting wiih the grcatefl dili- 
 gence, that which iiail been concerted between C.'o\crnor 
 Shirley, and Governor Lawrence, v.as carrying into execution ; 
 the allcinbly of the Malliichufets having not only lai.l a fcvcrc 
 embargo to prevent all correfpondence with ihc Ir^T-ch at 
 Louilbotu'g, and, by their means, wich ihy)ic on tlic Contiivviu, 
 but railed a body of men. About tlie cndof May, CiovciTior I.av/- 
 Tcucc. detached Lieutenant Colonel Monckton v/itli about tv,\) 
 thou land men againll the French lettlcments in tlio 1-ay of I'un- 
 4dy, v.iiilil Captain Rous, with three frigates a;ul a djop, w.'s dif- 
 
 D pacchcd 
 
 17 
 
 '/3>- 
 
 /' 
 
 )' 
 
i8 
 
 '-. 
 
 ./ 
 
 HISTORY or TIT F. 
 
 IMfchc'l \\p ilic bay to give hi^ .-tfTiflancc by fca. When the 
 toloiicl arrived at tlic river Mall.r^u.iMi, he fi)Uiul a number 
 t)t" rc^-!;iilars and ncutrrl Acadians determined id opix)fe his 
 pa'Iip;c; t(i \vhi(.h end, they had mounted fome cannon in a 
 I Idekhoule, and tlirown up a bread work of timber. In this 
 lltuaiion he attacked them, and, in lefs than an hour, obli;;e(l 
 them to retire, leavin,-; tlic river clear for the palTai^c oF our 
 troops, who thercuiKin niarelied, without farther inter- 
 ruption, to tlie p;rouniI intended for tlieir encampment. From 
 llience he proceeded to tlic attack of Fort Heaufejour, whicli, 
 thou[;li well fortified, defned to capitulate on the iGth of June 
 after a bombardment of four days only, and without puiiinq; 
 tlie I'.iglilli to the trouble of ereJlin;; a fmi;le battery ap;ainll 
 i:. I'pon this, Colonel .Monckton granted tlie French the fol- 
 luwin,-]; terms : 
 
 " The commander, olacers, flad'oflicers, and otherri, in tlic 
 fervicc of the French kin^;^, and the rell of the garriU)n ot 
 r.eaukjour, ihall march out with their arms and baggage, 
 drums beatir.g. 
 
 "" The garrilbn fli.ill be fent directly !>v fea to Louilbour;:, at 
 the cxpenee of the king of Great Uritai 
 
 ft> 
 
 n. 
 
 " The 'q;arrifon Ihall be provided wiili fullicient provifions for 
 tlieir p.i!;!i;^c to I.ouilbourg. 
 
 *' With regard to the Ac.idians, as they have been forced to 
 ta!:c up arms on pain or death, they Ihall be pardoned the part 
 they have taken on this occafion. 
 
 '• r.adly, tlic garrifoii {];all not bear arms in America for 
 the fpace of fix months. 
 
 «' The 
 
 i 
 
I. A" ': WAU IN AMKRICA. 
 
 •• The icrms abovcmciitioncd arc granted upon condition, 
 tliat tlic fort UkiU ho delivered up to the troops of the 
 king of Great Urltain at feven o' clock in the afternoon." 
 
 Colonel Monckton, on taking poflelllon of this fort, called it 
 Tort Cuniherland, and, leaving a garrif)n in it, proceeded 
 next day to reduce another fnuiU fort on the ri\er Cafpereau. 
 Here the French had their principal magazine for fupplying 
 the inhabitants and Indians, and he accordingly found a 
 great quantity of provillons and military ftorcs of evcrv 
 kind: he then dilarnicd the inhabitants to the amount of about 
 fifteen thoufand. In the mean time, the Trench abandoned 
 their fort on St. John's river, whirh Captain Ilou ? wit'i Iiis 
 fl;ips dcllroycd, together with all the otiier works which th.; 
 Irench liad raifed on that river, hy t^is expcdirion, wliicli 
 was attended with very little lof ;, the Englilh lecured to tlicm- 
 felvcs the peaceable enjoyment of that fine and extenlive coun- 
 try known by the name oF Nova Scotia. 
 
 Thi". firfl fucc.Ts of tiic I"n;Milli military operations wn«i 
 confidcred a'i a happy prelude to iliofe which were expcc'l d to 
 follow, notwithflanding the many difiiculties General I!rad- 
 dock had to encounter, through the want of nccelliiries for 
 the fubfillance of his army, whicli, in defpite of every ob- 
 llacle, he conduelcd to lort Cumberland on the Potawmack 
 river: and here he was obliged to halt till he (hould recei\e a 
 freOi fupi^ly of provifions, waggons, and horfes, thit had 
 been promifed him. Wliiill he was anxioully expecting the 
 arrival of tlii ■> ainilance, he received various accounts of tlic 
 eneiny. At length, fuccoiirs cime, biu far (hort of what Ii:; 
 depended upon; inAcad of on.' hundred a:ul fifty v.\'';Tgon" ht 
 received only fifteen, and in lieu of three hundred horfes 
 
 D 2 no 
 
 'J 
 
 ';s7- 
 
 '^1 
 
I i 
 
 20 
 
 
 • 
 
 I --c. 
 
 II I STORY OF THE 
 
 no move tlian one hundred. This ahcady very fevcrc dif.ip- 
 poininicnt wi-^ v;rc;itly increaled when, upon iniloacHng the 
 wnerons, the nrovifions were t'ound to he in I'o bad a ilate, 
 that noihini; hut the keened hunger eould induce any one to 
 e.n of them. ILnvcvcr, means were found to prv)eurc a new 
 aiul lound fupj^Iy hy the lotli of fime, when General Brad- 
 dock, having nothing now to retard his march, once more fet 
 forward for Tort (Ui (Tt^icfne, the reduction of which formed 
 tht_ principal object of liis cxpcditl<iii. On reacliing the little 
 nieadowir, he received fuch intelligence as ct)nvinced him he 
 ccHild not arrive too early at the place of his dellination, in 
 ortlcr to prevent tlie I'rencli from throwing any reinforce- 
 ]-.K'nt-. into it. Therefore, leaving behintl him Colonel Diuihar 
 \s'a\\ eight hundred men, and the greatell part of the waggons 
 ;vnd ("lores, whh orders to follow him as fall as the natiu'e 
 (•f t!ie fervice would permit, and thereby judieiouily lellen- 
 ir.g hi^ line ot march, he proceeded himfelf at the head of 
 tweh e himdred n.ien with ten pieces of cannon. On the 8th 
 of July he found himfelf within ten mile; of lort du (^uefnc, 
 whilil marching on with his flanks properly fecured, his ad- 
 vanced guarvi, commanded by I,ieiHeiiant-(>'olonel Cage, un- 
 cxpce'leilly reeeiNed a iew llijggliiig-llxoi, without being able 
 to diicover iVom what kind of an entmy they came. 
 Troops, imul'ed to tliis kind of lervice, are, if their oflicers 
 he not e\tremt!y careful and attenii\e, in perpetual danger of 
 being lei/.ed with a p.uiie on the iiril alarm, and of courfo 
 ihrown into diioi-d'.r. Sueh was now the ca!e. On the firll 
 fi;e the advanceil-guanl, after difcharging a fcv.- rounds from 
 tiicir car.ncii, fell back oa the main body, and general confii- 
 fion cnfiied. '1 he Indians, animated l/y this hally retreat of 
 ihe Lnglifh, at.d feafonahle reinforcenieiii ; of liie l-'rench, 
 itduubled fronjcne moment to aiiwiher their galling fire on 
 
 the 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the enemy, who all this while could fee nothing hut trees nnd 
 bufhes to dired their vengeance againll; in vain therefore did 
 General Ihaddock employ all his authority to rellore order. 
 The attempt coll him his life, and molt ot his olliccrs were 
 either killed or wounded: a mufket Ihot through his right arm 
 and lungs gave him a mortal wound, of which he died the 
 fourth dav after. Wiiat now remained of the rcffular.s tliouoht 
 it high time to confult their fafety by flight. But this flight 
 was lb well favoured h\- the co.d bravery of tiie Virginian pro- 
 vincials, that mofl of thofe who mull otherwifc have falleii 
 immediate victims by general confidion, lived to reach Colonel 
 Duid)ar's party. They carried their fears along with them ; 
 and thefe fears proved of fo infcvftious a nattire, that the Co- 
 lonel's party immediately caught tliem ; the confequencc of 
 whicli was, that neither the one nor the otiier (lopped to look 
 behind, till they found themlllvcs Iheltered by the wa'li of 
 Fort Cumberland. Hefldes the general, the Englilh loll in tliis 
 aflair tv,-enty olliccrs, amongll whom was Sir Peter Ilalke!: ; 
 twenty-leven were wotmdcil ; abv)ut two hundred rank and 
 lile were killed, aiul al)oiu four hundred wounckxl. CJeneral 
 l]raddo>.k's cabinet, And, wdiat fcarce need be mentioned, all 
 liis artillery and flores, fell into the hands of t!ic victors. 
 After thi-, lignal viclory, M. Contrecccur, the commanding 
 oiTicerof the I'rcnch, returned to Fort du (^lelhc, and proceeded 
 to render that poil fo relpeclable as to make the I'.nglilh jullly 
 conlider, as an object of the firll confequence, the gaining 
 poflenion of it, and driving the French from that part of the 
 Comment which it commanded. 
 
 Few generals perhaps have been I'o feverely cenfured i>c 
 any defeat, as Ceneral liraddock for this, but if we luiler utii- 
 felves coolly and impartially to cordUlcr what were in ;ill [lo- 
 
 b ability 
 
 21 
 
 1755- 
 
 I'M 'jit tf* ' ' 
 
 I 1 
 
 M 
 
! 
 
 S2 
 
 II T S T O n Y or T IT R 
 
 bn.Mlitv the motives iliAt inlUicnccd hini on ihi^. occafion, wc 
 niav clircovc- ill ilicm I'udlcicnt rcaion to acquit himot thcill- 
 coiKiuct \vitli which lie is churgCil. 'I'o hghtcti the turi ot" 
 tliof'c wlio, with nil their fniihs, it mull he p.Howed, fell bravely, 
 i, A t:\ik in iiuiimhent on Immanity, that, iiKJepeiulent ot my 
 (hit)-, a'l au hillorian, to inveili^j;ate ami record the truth, I may 
 ]nelume on leave to oppofe a few remarks to that torrent ol' 
 blame with which General b'raddock has been lb univerially 
 loadc.l. 
 
 It mull be allowed, that the certain intellic;ence he liad re- 
 ceived ot the t;arri fun ot l\)rt (Ui C^iiel'ne expeolini^ a fpcedy 
 reinforcement, was a fiinicient motive for his dividing his 
 forces, and leaving his heavy baggage behind him; as with- 
 DLii doing ib it mud ]ia\e been inipolTlble for him to have 
 reached the lort time enough to have prevented the enemy 
 from entering it. Audit muil be confidcred, that General Hrad- 
 doek'i opinion of his own military fkill could not have been 
 lb cxcollive as to make him wholly ncgleel the inflruc- 
 tions of a To miu h older and more experienced general a-; 
 the late Duke or (aimberland : and that he mull have totally 
 neglected I'uch inllrudions, to be jullly cenfured for the defeat 
 he lullained, will apjuar from the following diredions, which 
 were gi\cn to him b)- his Royal Ilighneib: 
 
 IitjlrucVions to Majt^r General BrtuUock. 
 
 " S I II, 
 
 " nib HoyalHighnefs the Duke, in the feveralatuliences which 
 he has given you, entered into a particular explanation of every 
 part of the fcrvice you are about to be employed in; and, as a 
 better rule iorthe execution of his Majelly's inUrue^ions, lie, lafl 
 
 .Saturday, 
 
LATK WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Saturday, communicated to you his own fcntimcnts of this 
 all'iiir; and lincc you cxprcllai a (Iclirc not to foru; i any 
 part tiicrcof, he lias ordered me to deliver them to you in 
 writing, iiis Royal liighneid has this ierviec verj' much at 
 licart ; and it in ot the highell importance to liis Majelly's 
 American ilominions, and to the honour of his troops cm- 
 ployed in thole parts. His Royal Iligiinels takes likewile a 
 particular intcrelt in it, as it concerns you, whom he rccom- 
 meiulcd to his Majclly to be nominated lo the chief command. 
 
 *' Mis Royal llighnefs's opinion is, tliat, immediately after 
 your landuig, you confider wiiat artillery and other imple- 
 ments of war it will be ncccHary to tranfport to Willes's Civv;:, 
 for your firft operation on the Ohio, that the fervice may not be 
 interrupted by any faihu'c of them ; aiul that }()U form a 
 fecond lield-irain, with good oflicers and fuldiers, to be feiu to 
 Albany, and be ready to inarch for the fecond operation .u 
 Niagara. You are to take under your commai^d as many as 
 you think neceflary of the two companies of artillery that ;;rc 
 in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, as loon as the feafon will 
 allow, taking care to leave enough to defend the lall of thefc 
 places. 
 
 " When Shirlc) 's and reppcreH' reginicnts arc near com- 
 plete, his Royal Iliglmcfs tliink.-. }{)u fliould canrc the:n to 
 encamp ; not only tliat tiicy may be ilie more Ipecilily (!i;li- 
 plincd. Inn alfo to dv.ww the atteiuion or the Trench, :\r.d kc>.'p 
 them in fulpenfe about the place )ou really (kligti t > attack. 
 
 " 1 he moll ilrict difcipline, at all times extremely retpiirue, 
 
 is more particularly lo in the fervice you are engaged in. 
 
 Wherefore, his Royal liighnefs recommends to you, that it be 
 
 tonllaiuly oblerved among the troops under } our comm.inc?, 
 
 J and 
 
 
 '755- 
 
 u. 
 
 M 
 
 I fvu 
 
 h 
 
M 
 
 
 24 
 
 '755- 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 niivl th.at vou be particularly carchil to guard ngainll their 
 bcin;; thrown into a panic by the lavage?, whom the French will 
 cenainl>- employ againll them. His Royal Highncis recom- 
 mencis to yoti the viliting of your ports night and day ; that 
 \(iur colonels and other olliccrs be carehd to doit; and that 
 ^•ou voiirlelf tVe(]uently lit them the example, and give all 
 A our troops plaiidy to iniderlland, that nocxcule will be admit- 
 ted ior any lurpri/.e whatl'oever. 
 
 " Should the Ohio expedition continue any confiderabJe 
 time, and PepperelTs and Shirley's regiments be ioimd enough 
 to undertake, in the mean while, the reduclion of Niagara, his 
 lloy.d Ilighneib would have yc u conlider, whether you could 
 be there in perion, leaving the command of the troops on the 
 Oliio to fome ollicer on whom you might depend, imlefs vou 
 Ihail think it belter for the fervice to fend to thofe troops fomc 
 perfon whom you had deiigned to command on the Ohio. Ikit 
 this is a nice all'air, and claims your particular attention. 
 
 " If, after the (^hio expedition is ended, it fliould be neccf- 
 f.uy lor you to go with yoiu* whole force to Niagara, it is the 
 opinion of his llo'.al lligliiufs that }()u Ihould carefully 
 er,dea\our lo fiiid out a Uiortcr way front the Oluo tliithcr 
 than that of tlie Lake, which, however, you are not to attempt 
 under any pretence whatever, without a moral certainty of 
 being fupplied with provifions, isc. As to your dcfign of 
 making yourfcl: mailer of Niagara, which is of the greatcfl 
 conlcqu-.nce, his Ilf)yal Ilighnefs recommends to you to leave 
 notliing to chance in the profccution. of that entcrpri/.c, 
 
 " Willi regard to the retlucing of Crown Koint, the prt)- 
 vincial troops being bell acijuaintcd with the country, will be 
 of the moll fervice. /^ Iter the taking cjf this fort, his Royal 
 
 Ilighnefs 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Ili^^hncfs advifcs you to confult with the governors of the 
 iicii^libouring provinces, where it will be moll proper to build 
 a fort to cover tlie frontiers of thofe provinces. As to the 
 forts which you think ought to be built, fand of which they 
 are pcrluips too fond in that covmtry,) his Royal Highncfs 
 recommends the building of them in fuch manner that they 
 may not require a (h'ong garrifon. He is of opinion, that you 
 ought not to build conliderablc forts, cafetl with flone, till 
 the plans and edimates thereof have been approved by the 
 government here. His Royal Highnefs thinks, that llockaded 
 foris, with palilades and a good ditch, capable of containing 
 two hundred men, or four Imndred upon an emergency, 
 will be fuflicient for the prcfent. 
 
 " As Eieutcnant-Coloncl Lawrence, who commands at 
 Nova Scotia, haih long projected the taking of Beau-Sejour, 
 his Royal Highnefs advifes you to confult with him, both 
 with regard to the time and the manner of executing that dc- 
 fign. In this enterprize, his Royal Highnefs forefees, that 
 his Majefty's fliips may be of great fervicc, as well by tranf- 
 porting the troops and warlike implements, as intercepting 
 the ftores and fuccours that might be fent to the French, 
 cither by the Bay Fran^oife, or from Cape Breton by the 
 Bay Verte. 
 
 '• With regard to your winter-quarters, after the operations 
 of the campaign are flniflied, his Royal Highnefs recom- 
 mends it to you to examine, whether the French will not en- 
 deavour to make fome attempts next feafon, and in wliat 
 parts they will mod probably make them. In this cale, it 
 will be moll proper to cantor your troops on that fide, at 
 fuch dillanccs, that they may cafdy be airemblcd for the com- 
 
 E mon 
 
 ^5 
 
 '755- 
 
 ll.( 
 
 J. 
 
 .,.-:i>ikX-.rpa^ 
 
4-\ 
 
 sr> HISTORY O F T II E 
 
 >7sr- nioii iktcncc. But you will be determined in this matter by 
 appearance;, and the intelligcnec, which it hath been re- 
 commended to you to procure by every method imme- 
 iliatcly after your landing. It is unnccellary to put you 
 in mind, how careful you mufl. be to prc-ccnt him^ /tirpri/al. 
 His Royal Ilit^hneis imagines, that your grcatcll didiculty 
 w ill be the I'ublilling of your tn>ops : he therefore recom- 
 mends it to you, to give your chief attention to this matter, 
 and to take proper meafures relative thereto with the gover- 
 iiorp, and with your (iiiarter-maflers and commill'aries. I hope 
 that tlic extraordinary fupply put on lioard the fleet, and 
 the thoufand barrels of beef deflincd for your ufc, will 
 facilitate and fecurc the fupplying of the troops with pro- 
 , viiions, &c." 
 
 It !ias been allerted, that General Braddock, in direct con- 
 tradiclion to ihele infh-uclions, led on liis men, without i'o 
 much as fecuring his flanks, or fending out fcouts to recon- 
 noitre the country. But I have authority to allirm, that this 
 adcriion is abfolutely falfe. His flanking parties were driven 
 in by ilie enemy, and no detachments were made from the 
 advanced guard lo repel the attack on its flanks. 
 
 Had fuch detachments been matie in proper time, they 
 moll certainly would have beaten ofl' tlie enemy. This was 
 by no means the General's faidt ; for the advanced guard fell 
 into confuiion before it was poflible that the General could 
 fend his orders to put into execution what ought to have been 
 done without any orders from him. Had it not been for this 
 neglecT:, inlU-ad of the confufion, flaugluer, and flight wc 
 have been relating, we fhould haNC hatl to tell of the tri- 
 imiphant entrance of Mie Inglilh into I'ort-du-Quefne, as will 
 appear by the following narrative. 
 
 s 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 As foon as M. dc Comrccocur, wlio commanded at ilui I'orr, 
 received certain intelligence of General Braddock's lUcn;:;tii, 
 lie gave over all thoughts ot" acting oirenlively ; well knowing 
 that a Uockadcd fort, garriloned with a handful of men, could 
 make no ^ppoUiion but what might irritate an enemy, lie, 
 therefore, conlined himfelf to the getting of a fingle piece of 
 cannon mountetl, in order to make fuch a Ihew of refillancc, m 
 might entitle himlelf and his garrifon to the honours of war. 
 in the n\ean time, he detached M. Dumat, with a few Frendi 
 and Indians, to oblerve the motions of the Englilli. This party 
 he covered himfelf, with the grcatell part of the garrifon of 
 the fort, to which he intended to retire before the Englifli: but 
 the party of M. Dumat difcharging fome random-fliot upon 
 their enemy, without expecting any material advantage from 
 it, till they faw the advanced guard give way; they then put 
 up the war-yell, which being both extremely terrible in itfclf, 
 and altogether new to the Engliih regulars, caufed fuch an 
 abatement in the fire that was returned by t'lem, as made M. 
 dc {'ontrecocur conclude, that they were retiring, l^pon tliis 
 he advanced brilklv to the alliflancc of M. Dumat; mmI foon 
 after joining him, foimd himlelf furprifcd into a vivflory o\ci 
 troops, to whom, a few hours before, he was making every prc- 
 parati(m to become their prifoner of war. And that this was, in 
 tb.e llrictefl. terms, a furpriie iii'o victory, is evident from M dc 
 (lontrecu-'ur'snot beingableto imjnove theadvantage bypiuiiiir, 
 lor his numbers were fcarccly fullicient to fecure the ground 
 on which it was gained, and the llorcs left behind by the fugi- 
 tives, efpccially as his Indians had too much v/ork, in their 
 own horrid way, to attend to any tiling cite. They inime- 
 <liatcly fell upon all the poor wiciclies left on t!ic field of 
 inutlc, and promifeuouiiy fc.dpcd, not only the dead an.d ihc 
 dying, but even thofe who, ihougii unable to lly, might 
 
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 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 liavc othcnvifc recovered : at lead wc have heard but of one 
 exception; and that owing to fuch an uncommon degree of 
 humanity, as fliould not be forgot, even in a liillory pecu- 
 harly dedicated to the commemoration of wliat are deemed 
 very different viitucs. Amongft the wounded was Cap- 
 tain Trcby, of the 44th regiment. His wounds, indeed, were 
 not mortal ; but they were fuch as eiVcdually prevented his 
 crawling from the field of battle. Bur, fortunately for him, 
 Mv. Farrcl, then a volimtecr, now a captain in the 62d regi- 
 ment, happening to be apprilcd of his fituation, and knowing 
 the terrible confequences of it, caught him up on his back, 
 and conveyed liim, at the mod imminent peril of his own 
 life, to fome dillance from the field of battle, and then pro- 
 cured him fuch further afiilhince, that, difabled as he was, 
 he had the good fortune to reach Fort Cumberland with the 
 other fugitives. 
 
 lUu to return to General Braddock : Had he been ever fo in- 
 cautious; had he been guilty of the greatell ncglec'f ; had 
 Fortune bm favoured him, ccnfure, in all probability, would 
 never have dareil to open her pellilcntial mouth againll him. 
 But the aOies of the dead were treated with indignity, to prc- 
 \ ent the eye of fcriuiny from penetrating into the conduct of 
 the living. 
 
 Notwithflanding the inability of the conquerors to purfue 
 the advant:ige they had gained, the ctMnjucred army conti- 
 nued its llight, as I have before related, till it reached Foit 
 Cumberland ; and even then, the troops were l"o little recx> 
 vcied from tlieir panic, that they had not prefence of mind 
 tiiough to Hop tiierc, and enlarge the works of the place, as 
 they might very well have done; for they Hill coufilled of 
 ftxtecu hundred leguLus, and tv/o provincial compaiiies. Flad 
 
 this 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 rhis mcafurc been purfucd, it might have been fucli a 
 check upon the Frencli and their fcalping Indians, as would 
 have cH'cjflually prevented many of thole favage cruehies 
 that were committed during the cnfuing winter, upon the 
 wcAcrn borders of Virginia and Pennfylvania. Inllcad of 
 this, Colonel Dunbar left none in the fort but the fick and 
 wounded, whom it was impofliblc to remove, with the two 
 companies of provincial troops, by way of garrifon. Hs 
 marched out, or rather evacuated the place, on the ad of Au* 
 gull, with the remainder, for Philadelphia, where his troops 
 could be of no fcrvicc. They were foon ordered from thence 
 to Albany, in the province of New-York, by Major-Gencral 
 Shirley, on whom the command in chief of the Ikitilh forces 
 in North America was now devolved, by the death of General 
 Braddock ; whofe defeat, however detrimental in itfelf to the 
 Englilh affairs in that part where he commanded, was rendered 
 ilill worfe by its evil influence wherever the news of it reached. 
 
 At the conference held at Alexandria in Virginia, it was 
 rclblvcd, that General Shirley fliould conduct: the operations 
 againll Niagara, with his own regiment. Sir William Pep- 
 pcicls, the Jcrfcy Hlues, commanded by Colonel Schuyler, and 
 a detachment of the royal artillery, who were all to afTcmblc 
 at Albany; and that fomc vellcls Ihould be built there, not 
 only to fccurc the place from, but render it a terror to, the 
 1 rcncli. Accordingly Captain Bradllrect let out for that place, 
 with two companies, fome Iwivels, and the lirft let of work- 
 men, early enougii to reach it by the ajth of May. Three 
 days; before his arrival, thirty French boats had palFed withi.i 
 fight of it, and two days after eleven more. Thele btoats 
 might contain fifteen or lixteen men each; a force, in the 
 whole, more than fuflicient to mailer the fort in a few hours, 
 
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 »7S5- with the aiil of a liniilc mortar, as the French thcmfclvcs well 
 knew, tor all its llrcn^th conliilcd of no more than eight tour- 
 poundei';, and one himdred men, under the commanil ot 
 (laptait^ King. Thefc were followed, on the 2'yth, by eleven 
 nioic ■, hut Captain IhadAreer, who now conimandeil, though 
 ipurred r:\ with the mo'l irrelillihle inelinaiioi^, dared not to 
 attack them, hii Ixiats hLing too fm.ill for that purpol'e. On 
 the 7ih of June, the lliip-carpcnters arrived from l^ollon ; and 
 on ihc zSthof the fame month, they launched tlie full rnglilli 
 velkl that lake ever carried. She was a fchooner, forty feet 
 in keel, mounting twelve fwivel guns, and made to row, 
 when neeclKiry, with fourteen oars. This vellel, with three 
 luindred anil twenty men, was all the force at Ofwego, in the 
 beginning of Jidy lysS- ^'^'-' nien were \iclualled at the ex- 
 pence of the province c^f New-York; and happy, indeed, it 
 was that colony had taken fo much precaution ; for i'o little 
 had been obferved in forwarding the government's provilions, 
 that when the forces under General Shirley arri\ed there, they 
 mull have peridied for want, if they had not found a fupply 
 which they had no reafun to expect. Thefe circumflances 
 the Ifench were well aciiuaiiucd with ; but thev thouidu it 
 not fo nuuli their interell 10 make tliemfelvcs maflers of Of- 
 wego, as to purfue their projecls on the Ohio. Tclldes, they 
 would ha\e forlciied the fricndlhip (.f the Indian'", as the 
 F.nglilh had already djne, by interrupting the trade carried 
 on at Ofwego. 
 
 General Shirley now commenced hii part of the operations 
 lie wa") to conduct againll Niagara. 
 
 In the bcginniiigoi' hily, tlie Jerfey IJlucs began their march. 
 But before Shirley's and reppercl's regiments could be put in 
 a condition to follow, the melancholy accounts of «Mr. llrad- 
 
 dock's 
 
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LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 tlock's uofeat arrived. This I'o difpiritcd thcfc regiments, that 
 numbers dcfertcd horn them ; and it liad fuch an eflcvft upon 
 the boat-men in particul ir, that ahnoft the %vhoIc of them (U(- 
 perfcd, infomucli as to render it impoilible to keep fufliciently 
 iuj^plied with provifions even the few troops that had not fuf- 
 lered themfelves to be infecled by this ahiiofl general pa- 
 nic. General Shirley, however, left Albany before the end 
 of July, with as many of the troops and (lores as he could find 
 methods of conveying. He tlepcndcd on being joined by 
 numbers of hidians of the live Nations, through whofe coiui- 
 try he was to pafs : but his expectations were too fanguine. 
 Inllcad of complying with his re(iue(l, tliey remonlhated 
 againll his committing any hoflilities on that fide of the coun- 
 try, alledging, •' That Ofwcgo was a place edabliihed t'ov 
 trallick, as it really was; and that therefore the peace of tlic 
 country ought not to be difturbed by either the Englifli or 
 the Irench." A few, however, joined him, and with thefe he 
 profecutcd his rotr to Ofwego, which he reached, with 
 part of his troops, the iSth of Auguft: but it was the lall day 
 of that month before the rcll arrived, when their ftore of pro- 
 vifion was found too (hort for the whole to proceed againll 
 Niagara. He therefore determined to make an attack upon 
 that place with iix hundred men, efpecially as by leaving 
 the remainder at Ofwego, there would be the lefs danger of 
 its being furprifed by the 1 rcnch from Fort Frontinac, whicli 
 happened at that time to be powerful, and the French coidd 
 cafdy bring great part of that force over Lake Ontario. Bur, 
 upon a dofcr examination of the (U)res, they were found in- 
 funicient even for this fmall body, till, on the 26th of Septem- 
 ber, there arrived jutl enough for that piu'pofe, after twelve 
 days Ihort allowance was referved for the troops who were 
 
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 31 
 
 '755- 
 
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 HISTORY or Tiir 
 
 to remain behind. A council of v»Mr \vaf. thcrcfi>rc held to 
 confidcr of the piefenr fnu:ition oF the army, in Avhich it wan 
 relblvcd, that as the leafon for ad ion was fo far elapfed, the 
 attempt upon Niagara ihould be deferred till the next year. 
 The little that remained, iiowever, was employed in fecur- 
 ing the polleirion of this important poll. 'Ihe troops be- 
 j;an to cred two new forts; the old one, though dignified 
 by that name, being no better than a llone-houfc, originally 
 built for the convenience of trade, at the particular delire of 
 the l-'ive Nations of hidians. There could be no fituation at 
 this place, however advantageous for trade, but what was fo 
 much the worfc for the purpofe of defence: the forts, as tliey 
 were fituated, could not be made tenable but againft fmall 
 arms, being entirely commanded by adjacent eminences. 
 
 The fleet, "wliich fo much induftry liad put afloat, now 
 confided of a decked (loop of eight four-pounders and thirty 
 fwivels ; a decked fchooncr, of eight four-pounders and 
 twenty-eight fwivels ; an undecked fchooncr, of fourteen 
 fwivels and fourteen oars; and another, of twelve fwivels 
 aud fourteen oars. But thcfe vefl'els were ordered to be un- 
 rigged, and laid up, whilft the I'rcnch ftill kept cruifing on 
 the lake with theirs ; and all the benefit that was expcded from 
 a fuperior fleet, was loft to the Englifh, by difabling it fo 
 foon. Ofwcgo was now not only deprived of the protedion 
 of the vefl'els, but, on the 24th of Odober, after a quantity 
 of provifion having arrived, the General withdrew himfelf 
 from thence with all his forces, except fevcn hundred men, 
 \vho were left under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Mercer, to finifh and defend the forts ; without a poflibility, 
 however, of being relieved, fliould they be attacked during 
 
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• LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ihcwintcr-fcafon. And this, there was fomc rcafon to appre- 
 hend, would be the cafe. Indeed the French would have en- 
 deavoured to gain it in the fpring, had not their attention 
 been diverted, by tranlporting ftores to Niagara, for the ufc 
 of" Fort-du-Qucfnc, which they then confidcred as an objc<5t of 
 the fnfl magnitude. 
 
 The lad refolution of the council of Alexandria now claims 
 our attention ; namely, the expedition concerted againft Crown- 
 Point. Although this expedition had the lead appearance ot 
 fuccefs, efpecially from the want of experience in the general, 
 and of difcipline in his troops, it was that which terminated 
 with mod honour to the Englilh arms. The good fcnfc of 
 General Johnfon, his conciliating manner of treating the In- 
 dians, his humanity and gcnerofity, had procured from the 
 forces under him fuch confidence as to compeni c the want 
 of almoft every other advantage, and create the greateft, where 
 there was fcarco the lead hope of, fuccefs. 
 
 The troops for tlie fcrvicc of this campaign were compofcd 
 of the militia of the northern provinces, commanded by Ma- 
 jor-General Lyman, till the arrival of General Johnfon. They 
 were aircmblcil at the carrying-place between Hudfon's river 
 and Lake Ucorge, to the number of about two thouTand two 
 hundred. During the interval between their arrival and that 
 of General Johnfon, they were employed in throwing up 
 fomc works to fccure the landing-place : thcfe works will 
 hereafter be called Fort KJivarJ. General Johnfon, on his 
 ])arr, was employed at Albany in collecting and forwarding to 
 Fort Edward fuch dorcs as the fervicc demanded ; and on tlic 
 8th of Augud, he fet out from thence with feveral boat-loads 
 of artillery, ammimiiion, and provifions, and joined General 
 
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 ;+ HISTORY OF T II F 
 
 »";5- I.vmaii lime enough to he ahlc to put his little army in mo- 
 tion hv the l.ittcr end of the fiime month, leavini; C olonel 
 l>laiHh.u\l, with ahout three hundi\il provincials, as a j^arri- 
 lon in lore l-.Jward. 1 he artillery aiul ammunition happen- 
 ing to meet with I'ome iklay, the General tliouglu proper ta 
 eneamp at Lake Go(M-ge till their arrival, when he relblved ro 
 proceed againll TicondcK^ga. The iituatit-n he ehole wa^ 
 advantageous, on an eminence, flanked bv huihy Twain ps ; 
 I.akc George was in his rear; wliilil the ordinary guards fulTi- 
 ciently (ecured his front. From the afeendcncy he had gained 
 over tlK" hi(Uans whc^ eompofed part of his army, and which 
 he improved to the greatcft advantage, as they were thorouglily 
 :.^(]uaintcd with every ]\aih, he conllantly employed a num- 
 ber of thcin as I'couts, to prevent all pothbility of furpri/.e. 
 Aecoixlingly, in eonfetjuence of this prudent meafurc, he, on 
 the 7th of September, received intelligence, tltat a body of 
 the French were on their march from Ticonderoga, with an 
 uucntiou to attatk Fort F.dward. l^pon tliis he innnediately 
 font oil" an ollicer exprefs to Colonel Blanchard, with carders 
 to withdraw his out-pods, and keep his whole force within 
 Ins v^orks : but this otlieer happening to fall in with fome 
 of the advanced parties of the French, had the misfortune to 
 be killed. About midnight, an Indian whom the General 
 had fent to look out for, and to obferve his enemy, returned 
 with advice, that he had difcovered them, but without being 
 able to tell their nimibers, which happened to be to<j great for 
 the arithmetic of an hulian, who has no means to cxprefs 
 the ilid'crcncc betwixt live hundred and as many thoulands ; 
 lo that the General Uill continued at a lofs for what it mod im- 
 puried him to know. He therefore immediately called a 
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LATE WAR IN AMLllICA. 
 
 a detachment early tlic next morninp;, of one ihouf.ind pro- 
 vincials, under the command ot Cloloncl Williams, and two 
 hundr.'d Indians under tlie direction of old Hon(h-ick, the 
 Mohock Sachem, with orders to attempt cutting oil' the retriat 
 of the I-rench in their return from Tort lidward, whether 
 they fuecceded or mifcarried in their defigiis againll it. Tliii 
 was on the 3th of Se;v.cml)er. Ahout nine in the morning, Co- 
 lonel Williatus marched his detachment from the camp ; ahour 
 two hours after, a I'mart firing was heard hy thofc in the camp, 
 which grew louder from one moment to another, fo as to al1i)i(! 
 tlic General fullicient rcafon to apprehend, that Colonel Wil- 
 li ims was attacked hy the enemy, and defeated. He, therefore, 
 immediately ordered I.ieutcnant-Coloncl Cole, with a detach- 
 ment of three hundred men, to check the fiippofed purfuit of 
 the enemy, and to cover the retreat of his friends. This 
 well-timed order refcued many of them from dcUru^tion. lie 
 likcwife ordered the flumps of fome trees that had heen hinn- 
 cd down, to he piled up in his front ; and mofl of iiis men 
 being expert at the axe, fuch whole trees as (lood convenient 
 for tile purpofe were Toon felleil, and added to tlie flumps, 
 lb as to form with them a hreall-work, witli as nuich 
 rccruiaritv as the confulion of the time would admit. Such as 
 it was, it was fcarcely finilhcd, wlien the remains of Colonel 
 Williams's party ioon arrived at tlic camp: tliat the Treneli 
 liad hear them, was the only certain ate;nint which they 
 (ould give ; as to the numbers of the enemy in particular, 
 they reprefented it (o diflercnth', as to increafe the confufion 
 rather than leflen ir. I'ui. foon the Frcp.ch themfelves made 
 their appearance in front, moving up to tlic I'.nglilli iii oiiC 
 large column, and in good order, witli tiieir bayonets lixcd, 
 uml a fleady countenance ; till dillowiirig iume cannon, they 
 
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 35 
 
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 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 lialtcd lor a moment, not without fhcwing figns that their 
 ardour was a Httlc abated by a fight lb uncxpeded. How- 
 ever, t!ie cannon of the EngUlh did not appear more dif- 
 agrceahlc to them, than that of tlieir bayonets to the Kng- 
 hlh, who, from fome ibange neglect, were not provided with 
 any. When the French had recovered themfehes a Httle, 
 tlKy fct forward again ; and about noon, at the diftanec of 
 one hunched yards from the brcall-work, began a rc- 
 guhir platoon-fning : hut by this time, the tnglifh troops, 
 having ecjually recovered thenifelves, phed tlicir muiketry 
 and cannon fo well, and thereby gave the Ircnch fuch a 
 fliock, that their Canadians and hidians abandoned the front- 
 attack, and crept behind the trees, upon the flanks of the 
 tnglilh; and from thence continued liring, hut with very 
 little execution, as by this time the flanks had received an. 
 additional fecurity of a breaft-work. The French, fuuling 
 themfelves thus dcfcrted, thought proper to alter their pla- 
 toon-firing to the Indian method, and take Ihclter behind 
 the trees. In this manner they advanced their front- 
 attack to within fifty yards of the breall-work, where they 
 continued firing near two hours ; till difcovering that they 
 could not make the lead impreflion on the front, they again 
 altered their plan, and made an ellbrt, lirft on tlie riglit 
 wing, and then on the left : but thefe attacks proving e(iually 
 unfiicccfsful with that upon the front, and nmubers oi men 
 having fallen on every fide, the remainder abandoned their 
 hopes, and retired about four o'clock in the afternoon. Tiie 
 ehief loC:. that the l',iir,lilh fullained in this aifair, conliiled of 
 thofe %vh . iKul (.illcn in the retreat, or rather llight, of (Co- 
 lonel Wiiliams's detachment. The breall-woili elfcL^iially 
 j"\.:ci ved all ihofe who were covered by it ; and the camion 
 
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LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Trl 
 
 at their 
 How- 
 lorc dif- 
 
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 cd with 
 a httlc, 
 aiKC of 
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 i troops, 
 nulkctry 
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 civcd aa 
 finding 
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 hat they 
 ley again 
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 led their 
 on. The 
 nlilled of 
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 rcL^ually 
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 leveuted, 
 
 i 
 
 prevented, in all human probability, the defeat of the Eng- 
 li!h; for the Trench were fuperior to them in. numbers, who, 
 from lixtcen hundred efletT:ive men, were reduced to tlnrteen 
 hundred by the defeat of Colonel Williams; whereas the 
 Frencli confilled of two hundred grenadiers, eight hundred 
 Canadians, and (k:\c\\ hundred Indians of diflercnt nations. 
 After the difaller that attended the party of Colonel Williams, 
 not a Tingle hidiau would fliew himfelf in favour of General 
 Johnfon ; much lels could any of them be prevailed upon to 
 exert themlllves ollcnfivcly. In this aflair the Knglifli had 
 about one hui.drcd and thirty killed, amongfl whom were 
 Ciolonel WdliaUiS, Colonel Titcumb, Major Adley, fix captains, 
 and old Ilendrick, the Mohock chief; feveral were wounded, 
 and the General received a ball in his thigh. The French had 
 about two hundred and iixtv killed, amonefl: whom was M. 
 de St. rierre, who commanded the Indians; about thirty were 
 taken prilbners, together with the Baron Dielkeau, who com- 
 mandetl the whole of tlie rrcnch troops. The Engli(h com- 
 mander, fatisficd with his vivHiory, abftained from all purfuir. 
 This omiilion had neaily proved fatal to a party of about one 
 huiKlred and tweiuy men, commanded by Captain Macginnis, 
 who had been detached from Fort Edward to reinforce Gene- 
 ral Johnfon's camp. About three hundred of Baron Dief- 
 kcau's troops having rallied, and being in one body, met 
 Captain Macginnis near the place where Colonel Williams 
 had been defeated the preceding day. But as Captain Mac- 
 ginnis obferved the greatefl precaution in his march, and was 
 informed by one of his fcouts of the enemy's approach, he 
 immediately made a difpofitior. to receive them, and not only 
 repuUed their lirll attack, b\u To vigorouily charged them iu. 
 liis turn, that he foon put them to ihght, and entirely dif- 
 
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 '755- pcrfcd them, with the lofs of only two men killed, eleven 
 wounded, and iive milling. Captain Macginnis was wound- 
 ed; of which wounds he died in a few days after his arrival 
 in General Johnfon's camp. 
 
 If wc muft allow, that General Johnfon committed fomc 
 overfiglits in the comfe of this campaign, wc may fafcly af- 
 firm, that the L'aron Dicfkcau committed much greater. When 
 General |ohnr(.)n received intelligence of the enemy's march, 
 lie did not take his refolutions, iK)r make his difpofitions, 
 with that celerity which circumlLmccs fccnicd to demand. 
 Delays, always dangerous, are fcldom otherwife than fatal in 
 the hullnels of war. l^nlefs opportunity be feized at the very 
 inilant it prcfents itfelf, it is gone, never to return. In the in- 
 terval, between General Johnlba's recei\ ing certain intelli- 
 gence of the approach of the l-rcnch, and his making the 
 detachment to attack tluMii, there was undoidnedly linK- 
 cnotigh given to Haron Dielkeau, if his defign ha 1 been 
 againll I'ort r.dwanl, to flrike his blow againil it ; and whe- 
 ther he fucceeded or nor, to have reuc.itcd bcNond the leach 
 of Colonel Williams. Not profeciuing his victory by a brilk 
 purfuit, Y.MS Hill m(»rc blameable : by it he mull h.ive ilc- 
 Ih'oyed, or taken prifoners a great raimber of ilic fugitive 
 French ; and Captain ^Llcginnis's party would h ivc been freed 
 from the danger wliicli tiiey ih n.urovl; efcapcvl, tlie next d.iy. 
 
 As to baron Dielkeau, when he left Ticonderoga, his iiuen- 
 lioiis were to cut oil" the f.:''"'" *•"'» 'it i'"t I'd \ar(l ; luu when 
 lie ajiproached within tb.ive or i-nir niihs of that place, hi) 
 troops, piepojlefled with i!ie notion of its being v.ell i'or- 
 tiiied with caimon, renionlliaied ai-ainil the txeciuion of h!s 
 defigns. Tiicy, huwe\cr, lu-in the fame principle of averfe- 
 
 neli 
 
 !; M 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ncfs to contend w'nh cannon, declared thcmfelvcs willing to 
 attempt the rurpridng of Gencial Johnibn's camp, wliich they 
 fupporcd to be (iellitutc of artillery. This confideration alone 
 would have been fuflicicnt to make Baron Dieflccau employ 
 rhci^.i in this fervice, fincc, by its being their own choice, 
 tlieir honovu- would be moll engaged to execute it properly. 
 But he had IHU another motive: he had learned by an Englifh 
 pvilbncr, that a tew days before, when he had left the Eng- 
 lifh army, it was unprovided with cannon ; and in fact, no 
 cannon had at that time reached them: fo that every thing 
 confpired to infure him fuccefs. Tlie defeat of Colonel Wil- 
 liams (Udhcd his troops with new hopes, and gave them ad- 
 ditiord fpirits. Had he therefore pulhed on, without halting 
 the ihort time that he did, and ruflied forward with fixed bay- 
 onets, during the confufioa in which he might eafily giiefs 
 the defeat of Colonel Williams's party had thrown' the Knglilh 
 tamp, he mull have redoubled that confulion, and of courfe 
 fuccccdcd in his attempt. His halting, however Ihort it 
 was, gave the Englilh time to recollect themfelvcs, and in- 
 trcafe their defence to fuch a degree, as to dedroy every 
 .•ulvantage that could arife from his n^ "> 1 ;ng armed with 
 b.ivdnct.^ ; from his fuperiority of numuL*^, p'u\ the fpirits 
 which his troops had acquired by the defeat r Colonel Wil- 
 liams: or had the Baron retreated in good order, as he might 
 cafily have done, on account of his fuperiority in luimbers 
 and arms, as foon as he found the Englifli were provided 
 with cannon, and defended by a bread- work, and that they had 
 fudiciently recovered their fpirits to avail themfelvcs of 
 both, he might flill have carried his point againll Eon Ed- 
 ward. 
 
 The 
 
 39 
 
 '755- 
 — •— -» 
 
 C Pi •■ 
 
 ,^ M 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
 ■*»H?«lB£-T 
 
40 
 
 PIl S T O R Y OF THE 
 
 '. } 
 
 lit 
 
 i 
 
 
 lf 
 
 I i.1^ 
 
 'm 
 
 >755' The mod ufcful weapon in fiuUlcn afTaults, cither for at- 
 
 tack or defence, is the fcrcwed bayonet. There was not a 
 finglc bayonet in General Johnlbn's army ; whereas every 
 man amongft the French was provided with one; and it 
 was impofliblc for the Enghfli to march as faft with their can- 
 non as the French with fmall arms only ; I'o that the defence 
 of the former mud be confined folcly to the firelock, a ma- 
 chine of very little utility when the fixed bayonet can be pro- 
 perly ufed. 
 
 Few battles, it may be fafely averred, have been fought, but 
 that, in the courfe of the action, there generally prcfcntcd 
 themfclves c-ertain advantages, which, if feized at the critical 
 moment, would have rendered it much more dccilivc. 
 
 We are not, therefore, to be furprifed at General Johnfon's 
 committing fome errors ; for, fo far from pretending to 
 the knowledge of military bufinefs, he al\va\s profeded an 
 ignorance in that fcience; but an ardent defuc of ferving his 
 country was his chief motive for accepting the conunaiul: 
 the confidence of his troops, and the opinion tliat he enter- 
 tained of their courage, gave him the moll confident hope or' 
 fucccfs. h was, perhaps, owing to tins Iiis modell opinion of 
 himfclf, that he had the fingular fati^faclion of returning 
 victorious with his provincials, when the anny, compoicd 
 chielly of regulars, fent againll Fort-du-Qiiefne, met a total 
 defeat; and that dcfigned againll Niagara, confiding of regu- 
 lars alfo, was obliged to abandon the cntcrpri/c. Vet it is a 
 debt we owe to candour to confeis, that if theie troops had been 
 properly led on, it ig mod probable tliey would have met 
 with equal futcefs. 
 
 The 
 
 ).' tiif' 
 
 i 
 
 :;3 
 
 i 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The account of General Johnfon's fucccflcs no focncr reached 
 England than the king, as an acknowledgment for his Cer- 
 vices, created him a baronet ; and the parliament, to reward 
 them, prelented him with five thoufand pounds. Nor were 
 theTe I'erviccs overpaid. The Eiigliih troops were i'o afraid of 
 liieir enemy that they always expecled defeat ; this advantage 
 gaine<l by General Johnfon rcllorcd them a little to a confi- 
 dence in themfelvcs, and taught them to regard the enemy 
 with a lets degree of apprehenfion than they had done for 
 fome time paU; yet they did not inimediately acquire that 
 martial turn of mind by vvliich they afterwards became io 
 (lillinguillicd. This alteration alone would have fuliiciently 
 conipenfated for a much greater lofs than that which General 
 Johnlbn fuflaincd in the aolion with the Baron Dieikeau, had 
 there been no other advantages gained by it; which was very 
 far ironi being the calc. The fucccfs of General Johnlbn gave 
 fccurity to the northern provinces, by dilabling the French 
 troops, and obliging tlKm to retire: On the contrary, had he 
 bcvn defcatc<l, the I'rench might have penetrated even to Al- 
 bany without oppofition, and have dcdroyed the whole coun- 
 try. General Shirley might alio have been attacked in a 
 firuation, when ncitlier courage or conduct could have been 
 liiirici'.'nt to fa^c him. 
 
 General johnlbn, alter this affair, turned his thoughts to 
 il)e feeuring of the country from the incurfions of the enemy 
 when he Ihould retire into winter quarters; and the creeling 
 of a fort at kis encampment appearing the betl meafurj^ iliac 
 he could take ior iliat purpofe, he immediately gave orders for 
 the conllrui5ling of one, which he called I-ort William ilcnry. 
 Claptain Ilobert Rogers, of the new iiamplhire regiment, a 
 
 G peribn 
 
 4f 
 
 '7;s- 
 
 1'^ 
 
 1^. 
 
4^ 
 
 II I STORY or THE 
 
 IT? 
 
 /iV 
 
 'I 
 
 pciTon well ncquaintcd with the woods of Norili America, and 
 Willi tlic Indians in tlic intcrcll of the KngHlh, having hy this 
 time joined General Johnfcn, he was ordered on dilTiirent fcouts 
 to (lifcover the numher of the enemy, and how ihcy were cni- 
 p]o\cd. On the z-jth of September lie was fent to Crown 
 Point, where he found the Trench were iu number about five 
 hundred, and were creeling a battery at the fide of the fon. 
 On the 7ih of (X^ober he was ordered to Ticonderoqa, where he 
 dil'eovered about two thoufand French, who had thrown up an 
 intrenehment, and prepared a large cjuantity of hewn timber 
 in the adjacent woods; he was even a wimefs to their laying 
 the foundations of a fort on the point which commands the 
 pafs between Lake George and Lake Champlain. 
 
 Thcfe difcoverics were fuflicicnt to convince General John- 
 fon of the impraiTticabiliiy of attacking the enemy at Ti- 
 conderoga with any profjKkfl of fuccei's. From their great 
 fuperiority of nimibers he had reafon to expect they would 
 again attack him, Urengthcned with cannon ; ho therefore 
 reiblved to acl on the defenlive, and direct: his whole llrength 
 towards fmilhing I'ort William Henry. Continuing this work 
 as long as the fcaton would permit, lie was then o!)liged to 
 enter into winter-quarters, leaving a regiment of provineiali 
 and Captain Rogers's company to garriibn that place and Fort 
 I'dward; and on the •2.\ih of December retired to. Albany, and 
 from thence diiperfed the remaintler of his army to their 
 refpectivc provinces. Thus then, though the plan of military 
 operations agreed upon in the council of war held at Alexan- 
 dria, was attempted in its utmoli latitude, the afpect of t!»c 
 r.nglilh allairs on the continent was ver\ litdc, if at all, im- 
 proved by it. The defeat of Lieiieral liraddock, and i\w. 
 
 withdrawing 
 
 '1 
 
 111''' 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 withdrawing of the troops from Phihuk-lplii;!, ilic mod central 
 of the Knglilh colonies, by General Sliirlcy, ;!;ave the rrcncli 
 an opportunity, in Ipite of General Johnl'on's fucccfs, to im- 
 prove their fituation on the Ohio, erpccially by enlarging and 
 ihengthening the forts they had ahx-ady erected to feciire 
 their claim to that part of the country ; and make from thence 
 I'ucli excnrllons into the KngliHi baek-fettlements as obliged 
 ilic wretched inhabitants to abandon them, and to retire i'or 
 fafcty into the more inhabited parts. The teilious del.iv;; in 
 preparing military ilores t'ov the liege of Niagara, and tliu 
 Icandalous neglecl informing proper m.iga/ines of provilioiis 
 for the fame purpofes, begot an uncommon Ipiric of enter- 
 pri/e in the French, and encouraged their Indians to aflill 
 them in carrying deflrudion into tlie back-fettlemcnts of the 
 IngliQi. 
 
 To put a flop to thefe depredations the government of Vir- 
 ginia ordered, that the militia of the counties of Dumfries, 
 Prince William, and l":^''-f:::., Ihould be draughted, and one 
 hundred and (ixty of tliem (hould marcli towards the fouth 
 blanch of the Poiomack, which had been lately the fcene of 
 llveral cruel murders. About the mitldle of OJlober, five 
 hundred more wcjc ordered to rendezvous at Fort Cumhcr- 
 Luid, to prevent further outrages from the Frcncli in that 
 «iuartcr. 
 
 Put all thcfe mcafurcs proved only local and temporary rc- 
 nic(hcs. As fall: as the French, and particidarly their Indians, 
 Wire curbed or chaflifed in one place, tlicy broke out, and 
 (onunitted frclh outrages in anoilier, cfpccially on tlie lide of 
 I'liiladelphia. On the 3d of November, the governor of tliat 
 
 G z pro'.ince 
 
 43 
 
 J J* 
 
 ^ ' 
 
4^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 I-;?. 
 
 I'MaI 
 
 i'; 
 
 t 
 
 '1 
 
 ;!. 
 
 1 V' 
 
 province informed tlic alllmhly, by mcflage, Tliat a mod for- 
 miiLiblc body, compoffd of fourteen hundred Indians, and 
 one hundred Frcncli, were on their march from the Ohio, 
 with an intention to divide, as Hx^n as they iliould come with- 
 in a certain diRance of the frontiers, into feparatc parties; 
 fome ngainO Shamckin, others ac^aind Jurnata, and a third 
 pany ai;ainrt Harris's ferry ; and, in t!iat manner, fpread 
 thcmfclves in fmall companies (juite over the province of 
 Pcnnlylvania, fo as to be able to take up then- \vinter-(]uartcrs 
 quietly nt I.ancafler; that they were now encamped on the 
 ^ia^quehanaI■l, within fo little dilbmcc as eighty miles of Thi- 
 ladclphia ; That they had ingratiated thcmfclves to fuch a 
 degree with the Dclawares ami the Shawanefe as to make 
 them take up the hatclict againfl the Fnglifl-i, and declare they 
 would not lay it down whilll there was any Englilh alive to 
 life it againrt. The governor added. That he could have put 
 the province into a pollure of defence, and prevented all the 
 niifchicf which had been already done by this part\-, had his 
 liands been properly llrengthened ; but that lie had neither 
 money, nnr arms, nor ammunition, at his difpofal; that there 
 was no militia ; and that he could not form the back-fettlers 
 into fuch regular bodies as the prelent exigencies required. 
 He, tlierefore, earnetUy recommended it to them to grant the 
 proper fupplics of money for ihefe important purpofes, and 
 prepare a bill for ellablilhing a militia, with a tlaufe in fa- 
 vour of thofc who, from truly eonfcientious motives, fcrupled 
 the bearing of arms; as it was impollible, without Inch a law. 
 to prevent confufion and diforder, aiui anfwer the purpofes of 
 government, however conlidcrable the mere pecuniary lup- 
 ^lics granted for that purpofc might be. 
 
 To 
 
 (\ 
 
 ■' :v: 
 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 To this mcfiajTc the uflcnil)!)' avoided .G;ivinq; anv explicit 
 anfwcr. The leacHng men amongll them, bciiu; (^lakers, did 
 all tliat lay in their power to ol>Ihu6t every propolal for com- 
 pl\ inii; with the moll material part oF the governor's mefl\!];e, 
 that of raifin^ men as well as money. Some of iheni went 
 lo far as to vindicate the enemy, and advile forbearance, as 
 the heil meafure the)' could take to fecure both their liberty 
 and property. To conlirm this fpirit of delufion that had 
 fcized upon the majority of the rcprefentativcr., many fpeakcrs 
 or preachers, both men and women, ran about, wirh more 
 than common alliduity, protelling againil all warlike prepa- 
 rations, and declaring, that whatever evils might come upon 
 the Englilh provinces, it was of their own feeking ; tliat the 
 French were fettled on ilieir own lands ; and that the defeat 
 of the Knglilh troops was a jiulgmcnt for dillurbing the 
 French in their peaceable habitations ; that their colony was 
 under tile immediate protCkilion of Heavci ; and that tliere- 
 fore it was as unneceflary to take any (leps to keep the Frencli 
 out of Pennfylvania, as it had been wicked to attempt the 
 (hiving them out of their own poirdlions. The governor, 
 therefore, was obliged to fend them another melFage to the 
 fame purport, witii the alarming news that the fettlement at 
 the Great Cove was utterly deih-oyed, and all the fettlers killed 
 or taken prifoners. But they Hill iield out. On the icth, 
 therefore, of the fame month, tlic governor further informed 
 them, in the mod pathetic manner, That the Indians who ftill 
 continued true to the Englifl-i had publicly rcciuircd the afTift- 
 ance of the province, declaring, that, unlefs it was immedi- 
 ately granted, they muft, in their own defence, take part with 
 the French, as they were not tliemlclves able to make head 
 againil ihcm. The governor fpiritcdly added, That lie was 
 
 i fully 
 
 45 
 
 '755- 
 
 ?' 
 
 }5 ^:'. 
 
 \ 
 
 ii 
 
s 
 
 46 II I STORY F THE 
 
 '"5 5- fully icfolvcil, witli the advLc of his council, to fct out in 
 
 ptrion lor the batk-fcttkiucnts, in oiUcr to alllll the wrctchcil 
 inhabitant;; nvIio were riiil left alive, with his prcfcncc, ami 
 put tlicni in the bell onler he louKl t.) defend themfelves, as 
 Jie had no hopes left of bein;:^ able to ilo any thini; for their iii- 
 terell in concert with the allenibly, though bound by many 
 more ties than himlelf to confuk ir. 
 
 n 
 
 
 One wouUl imagiiic iliat this meflagc left no room for any 
 other; notwithdanding which, much friiitlef; altercation 
 palled between the governor and aflembly, even about pe- 
 cuniary fupplie<;. In a mcllagc which the governor lent the 
 allenibly on tlie imIi, he aecjuainted them that the Indians 
 had driven away the inhabit.mts of Tulpekochen, and then 
 deflroyed tiie fettlemcnt itfelf ; and obferved, that the ways 
 and means of fupply they had imder confideration were of 
 too dilatorv a natme, as no money could f.e railed in confe- 
 
 jjuence 
 
 
 
 f tl 
 
 \cn\ 
 
 in lefs than li\ weeks, bv whieh time !?rcat 
 
 pan of ilie province might be I.iiil v.alle. He, ihcrefoie, 
 again urged them for an immeiliate fupply, and an imme- 
 diate law 10 render that fupply elleelual, by ellabl lining anil 
 regulating a militia, and lubjeeting it to military difeipline. 
 Thcfe applications were (Dnlidcrp.bly reinforced by the lui- 
 cxpcei-cil arrival at I'hiladelphia, ihe very next day, of many 
 hundreds of the back-fettlers. Thefc wretched fugitives de- 
 manded, in a body, tliat relief they were entitled to by the 
 laws of Cod and Nature, froni the protcdion of government. 
 They lirll applied to the governor, who gave them an accoiuit 
 oi his mellages to the alllmbly in their behalf; and lliewed 
 them du onkr from i!:c jiropi'ietaries lor a ct^nfiderable finn 
 10 be laid giu ao a iVee gift in ilic defciice of the province. 
 
 l^poii 
 
 I 
 
I.ATr. WAR IN AiSirRICA. 
 
 I'poti this, ilicy luiiTicd to the (hult-hourc wiili a waggon 
 lo.ulcd with the dead bodies oF their tVieiuls, wlio had been 
 lealped cidy al)Oiit lixty miles oiF l)y the hidians ; and (et 
 them down at the door ot tlic afleinblydioule, curfing the 
 (Quakers and their principles, and bidding; the eonimiitcc of 
 allembly beliold the fruits ot their obllinaey, and confcfa, 
 that their pretendeil laiidity could not lave the province with- 
 out the alhllance ot" the arm oh" flelh. To thefc arguments 
 tliey added threats to come down again on the lame errand ; 
 adillng, That in cafe they found no eneeT:uaI ftcps taken for 
 their protcvflion, the confecjuenees fhould be fatal. Thelc de- 
 clarations v;ere made with f'uch marks of grief and defpair 
 in their faces, for the lofs of their wives and children, and 
 the labours of their whole lives, that the aflembly, either 
 moved by the dillrels, or over-awed by the menaces, of tlic 
 injured people, immediately dropt all their dii'putes, pafled a 
 money-bill for fixty thoufand pounds, and likewil'e a militia- 
 lull, too new and curious in its kind to be here omitted. It 
 is as follows : 
 
 47 
 
 '73S- 
 
 iy 
 
 /In Acl for the better orJdrinjr anJ rc^ulat'iiij J'uch as are luiUiiig and 
 drftrous to be iin'tcJ for viilitary purpofts icitbin the Froviiue cf 
 Pinn/jk\U!ui, /' !j/iil X'jVcud-cr z^th i 755. 
 
 " JVHEREA^i chis province was fnil fettled by (and a majority 
 of the alleniblics have ever fmce been ot) the peo{)le called J^ta- 
 Ln; who, though they ilo not, as the world is i,ow circum- 
 llanced, condemn the uCc ot aims in others, yet arc princi- 
 j^led agaiiill bearing arms themlelves ; and to make an}' law 
 10 compel them thereto, againll their conlcicnces, would noc 
 be only to vic-larc a iundamental princii'Ie in out conllitiition, 
 and be a dirc^l breach of our charter of privileges, but would 
 
 aUb 
 
 k 
 
t. 
 
 il 
 
 4 
 
 !'• f I M 
 
 48 
 
 '755' 
 
 HISTORY 01 THE 
 
 alio ill cfTccl be to commence peiTccution agaiiill all that part 
 ot the inhalntants ot the province ; and for them, by any law, to 
 compel others to bear arms, and exempt t hemic! vcs, would be 
 inctMifillent and partial: Yet toral'much as, by the general tolera- 
 tion and equity of our laws, great numbers of people of other 
 religious denominations are come among us, who are \mder no 
 fuch relhaint, fomc of whom have been tlifciplined in the art of 
 war, and confcientioudy think it their duty to fight in de- 
 fence of their country, their wives, their families, and cflatcs; 
 and fuch have an etiual right to liberty of confcience witli 
 others. 
 
 " JhJ -ii-hcrciis a great number of petitions from the feveral 
 counties of this province have l>cen prefentcd to the lioufe, 
 fetting forth. That the petitioners arc very willing to defend 
 thcmfclves and their country, and def.rous of i)eing formed 
 into regular bodies for that purpoie, inlhiicled and difciplined 
 under pn^per oihccrs, with fuitai)le and legal authority ; re- 
 prefenting witiial. That iinicTs mcafurcs of this kind arc 
 taken, l"o as to unite them tc\:;cther, fubjcct them to due ccmu- 
 mand, and thereby give thcni conrukncc in each other, tlicv 
 cannot ailemble to oppofe the enemy, without the utmoll 
 danger of expofing thcmfclves to confufion and dellrucfion. 
 
 *' Atiil lihc-rc.Ts the vulimtary all'embling of great Ixidics of 
 armc<l men from diilerent parts of the province on any occa- 
 funal alarm, wlietlier true or falk", as of late hath happened, 
 without caii or autliority from the government, and without 
 due order and direction among ihcmlelves, may be attended 
 \vitli danger to our nci;';libou! ing Indian iriends and allies, as 
 ■well as to the internal peace ot the province. 
 
 .'ni 
 
1. ATI' WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 " JitJ xvhcn-as the governor hath frequently rccommcnJcil 
 It to ibc allLinbly, that in preparing anil palling a law lor 
 luch purpoles, they Ihould have ilue regard to reriii)ulou.s and 
 tender tonreiences, whieh canno: be done where eompuUivc 
 means arc vit'ed to t'oree men into military fervice ; therefore, 
 as we reprel'ent all the people o)i the provinee, and are eom- 
 pofed of members of ditl'erent religious periualions, we do 
 not tliink it reafonablc that any ihould, through a wane of 
 legal powers, be in the leall reilrained from doing what they 
 judge it their duty to do for their own fecurity and the public 
 good; wc, incompliance with the faid petitions and recom- 
 mendations, i\o oiler it to the governor to be enacted, and he 
 .-/ iiuiclid by the Honourable Robert Hunter Morris, V.i\\; witl? 
 the King's royal approbation, lieutenant-governor, inuler t!u. 
 I loiiuiuMble Thomas Penn and Richard I'enn, I'.fciuircs, true 
 and ablblutc proprietors of the province of rennf) Ivania, and 
 of the coimties of Newcallle, Kent, and Sullex upon Delaware, 
 by and with the advice and confent of the reprefentative", of 
 the freemen of the faid province, in general aflcinbiy met, 
 ■xvA by the authority of the fame, That from and after 
 publication of this act, it Ihall and may be lawful for lice- 
 nien of this province to form thcmfelves into companies, ;is 
 heretofore they have ufed in time of war without law ; and 
 tor each company, by majority of votes in he way of ballot, 
 to thufe its own oflicers, to wit, a captain, lieutenant, and 
 tnligu, anil prefcnt them to the governor or commander in 
 thief for the time being, for his approbation ; which oiHccrs, 
 fo cholen, if approved and commillioned by him, ihall be tlie 
 captain, lieutenant, and cnfign of each company refpeeliycly, 
 •according to their cuunnillions ; and the faid companies being 
 
 II. divided 
 
 49 
 
 i 
 
 I' ' 
 I 
 
 If iA 
 
J J> 
 
 s 
 
 f 
 
 ■^M 
 
 li-H^' 
 
 /? 
 
 I' ^ I 'i 
 
 I- 
 
 I? 
 
 Mf 
 
 ;•!{ 
 
 t< 1 
 
 \ 
 
 5C 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 divided into regiments by the governor or commander in- 
 chief, it fliall and may be lawtul tor the oflicers fo chofcn 
 and commiflioned for tlic R-vcral companies of each re- 
 giment, to meet together, and by majority of votes, in the 
 wav of ballot, to cluife a colonel, lieutenant-colonel, anil 
 inajor, for the regiment, and prefent them to the gover- 
 nor, or commander in chief, for his approbation ; which 
 oflicers fo chofen, if approved and commillioned by him, 
 Ihall be the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major of the 
 regiment, according to their commillions, during the con- 
 tinuance of this act. 
 
 " ProvihJ (ihcjyty That if the governor or commander in 
 chief fhall not think fit to grant his commillion to any officer, 
 fo firft. chofen and prefented, it ihall and may be lawful for 
 the electors of fuch oJlicer to chufe two other perfons in his 
 Acad, and prefent them to the governor or commander in 
 cliief; one of whom, at his pleafure, ihall receive his com- 
 million, and be the ollicer as aforefaid. 
 
 " And be it further cnaCIcJ by the authority aforefaid, That 
 as foon as the faid companies and regiments are formed, and 
 rheir officers commiflioned as aforefaitl, it fhall and may be 
 lawful to and for tlie governor, or commander in cliief, by 
 and with the ad\ice and conlent of the colonels, lieutenant- 
 colonels, atid majors of all the regiments, being for that pur- 
 pole by liim called and convened, or by and with the advice 
 anil confentof a majority of the faid officers that (hall be met 
 and prefent together on fuch call, to toiiu, make, and e(la- 
 Milh articles of war, for tlie better government of the force) 
 that lliall be under their command, and for bringing oiFend- 
 
 crs 
 
 •■4 
 
^m 
 
 [ndcr in- 
 
 chofcn 
 
 :ach rc- 
 
 [, in the 
 
 |k'1, and 
 
 govcr- 
 
 which 
 
 I by him, 
 
 of the 
 
 I the cou- 
 
 andcr in 
 ly officer, 
 wful for 
 )ns in his 
 ander in 
 his com- 
 
 iiid, That 
 nicd, and 
 d may be 
 chief, by 
 eutcnant- 
 
 that pur- 
 he advice 
 ill be met 
 
 and efhi- 
 
 thc force) 
 
 ig oilcnd- 
 
 crs 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 crs againft the fiimc to juRicc; and to crca and conftltutc 
 courts-martial, with power': to hear, try, or determine any 
 crimes or ollences by fuch articles of war, and inflict penal- 
 ties, by fentence or judgment of the fame, on thofe who iliall 
 be fubjcL't thereto, in any place within this province. Which 
 articles of war, when made as aforefaid, Ihall be printed and 
 diilributed to the captains of the fevcral companies, and by 
 them dillinolly read to their refpe(5five companies ; and all 
 and every captain, lieutenant, enfign, or other freeman, 
 wlio fliall, after at leaft three days confideration of the faid ar- 
 ticles, voluntarily fign the fame, in prefencc of fomc one juf- 
 tice of the peace, acknowledging his having perufed or heard 
 the Hime dillinclly read, and that he has well confidered 
 thereof, and is willing to be bound and governed thereby, 
 and promifes obedience thereto, and to his oilicers according- 
 ly, lliall henceforth be deemed well and duly bound to the 
 obfervance of the faid articles, and to the duties thereby rc- 
 (juired, and fubject to the pains, penalties, punifliments, and 
 forfeitures that may therein be appointed on difobcdiencc and 
 other oflences. 
 
 " ProviJi'J always. That the articles fo to be made and cfla- 
 biifhed, fliall contain nothing repugnant, but be as near as 
 pollible conformable to the military laws of Great Britain, 
 and to the articles of war made and cflabliflied by his Majelly, 
 in purfuance of the lall act of parliament for punifhing mu- 
 tiny and defertion ; the different circumiLmccs of this pro- 
 vince compared witli Great Britain, and of a voluntary militia 
 of freemen compared with mercenary (landing troopr, being 
 tluly weighed and maturely confidered. 
 
 SI 
 
 '755- 
 
 
 H ^ 
 
 *♦ ProvtikJ 
 

 5^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 >'55- " Proi'iJed aJfo, Th.u nothing in this acft fliall be underflood 
 
 or c^mflrucd to give anv jxiwcr or authority to the governor 
 or commander in thict, and the laid ofTiccrs, to make any 
 articles or rules that Ihali in the lead afTocl: thofe ot the inha- 
 bitants (^r" the province who arc confcicntioully fcrupulous ot 
 l>caring arms, cither in their liberties, perfons, or cllatcs^ 
 nor any otiier pcrions, of what pcrliiadon or denomination 
 ibcvcr, who have not lirll voluntarily and freely figncd the 
 faid article?, after due confideration as aforefaid. 
 
 ^\ 
 
 if 
 
 !.^^ 
 
 ** Froi>:c/;;! ,i'fh. That no youth under the age of twenty-one 
 Tcarp, nor any iMuight lervant or indented apprentice Ihall 
 he admitted to enrol liimielt, or be capable of being enrol- 
 led in the laiil companies or regiments, without the confent 
 of his or their parents or guardians, mailers or millrellcs, in 
 writing uniler tlicir hands lirll had and obtained. 
 
 " Praiidcd alpt That no inlillmcnt or enrolment of any pcr- 
 fon, in any of the companic. or regiments to be formed or 
 raifed as aforefaid, lluiU protect fuch pcrion in any fuit or 
 (ixilaaion brought ag.iiall ium by his creilitor.>. or others, 
 except during bis being in actual Icrvice in field or garnlbn-, 
 nor from a profccution for an) ofi'encc committed agviinil the 
 laws of this province. 
 
 " PioiwdtJ iil/o, That no regiment, ccmp.my, or party ot 
 volunteers, lliall, by virtue of this act, he compelled or led 
 iTiore than ihix'C days march beyond the inhabited ])arts of the 
 province; nor detamed longer than three weeks in any gar- 
 rilljn, witiiout an exprcfs engagement iuv that purpofe, liill 
 vrluntarily entered into and fubfcribed by every man, fo to 
 n'.aich or remain in garrifun. 
 
 Thi 
 
 •II 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 S^ 
 
 " This ad to continue in force until the c;oth dav of Ocio- 
 bcr next, and no longer." 
 
 >7SS' 
 
 After all, we muft remark, in jullice to ilie CHiakcris, thai 
 the rcil of the KngH(h coloniils, who held no religious tenets 
 which could ohllru^ft their councils, or tie up their hands, 
 were very far from being properly united, or even fo mucli 
 as agreed, regarding the grand point of raifing the neeeflary 
 {applies of men and money for their common fafety. Thofe 
 .ndeed, who were ne;irell the feat of danger prefented fevcnii 
 fpiritcdremonftranccs to their rulers, and inltrud:ions totheir re- 
 prcfcntativcs, fctting forth, " That when they law the views oi 
 an ambitious and potent prince extended, in open violation oi' 
 the moR folemn treaties with the native Indians and the crown 
 of Circat Britain, and his fubjetfts felzing lands imdoiibtcdly 
 aiihin the limits of the Englifh territories, fortifying them- 
 lllvcs thereon, ailhlcd by all the native forces of Canada, a 
 larq:e number of vcterati lv>Idiers from France ; and tlicrebv 
 opening a lliort and cafy palliige to the back-fettlements of 
 tlic Englilh: TI at when thv'y retlevfled on thele intruders, 
 who were the avowed enemies of the property and trade, tlie 
 lihcriv, laws, ami religion of the F.nglilh, the utter extirpation 
 (tl which could only fatirJv them: That wnen they confulered 
 this it plainly appeared to be the grand leading view in all 
 tlu'ir aml)itious dcfigns, and the o.ily way, in their opinion, 
 to eilablifh an arl>urary and tyrannical empire, and with it 
 a bloodv and perfecutlng religion, .inoughout the whole con- 
 tiiitn't of North America : Tiiat when they obfervcd them, in 
 purl'uaiue of this plan, to acft in • c uniform manner, guided 
 hv one lleatly coiuv :l, and dire*.tcd to one fixetl and unalterable 
 point, their flreo^ih conliiling in union, and tiieir profpeet 
 
 o oi 
 
 fft 
 
ITT STORY Oi' Til F. 
 
 rss- 
 
 I' f i 
 
 r« 
 
 I 
 
 of employing that ilrcngth luci-cfs fully, foumlcd on the pir- 
 fcnt iiiiiiappy disjointal (late t)f the Kiiglilh eolonies ; a cir- 
 cumrtanee fo cvitlo'it even to the Indians in alliance with the 
 LngliUi, that felf-prefervation liad indueed many of their 
 warriors to go over to the 1-rench, believing, that either the 
 afTairs of the Englilh wercdel'perate, or tlvi*: the Englilh theni- 
 felves were an eaiV, elleminate, and dallardly people, and 
 confequently not to be relied on, either for prudence to provid«' 
 againll, or courage to oppofc, the impending dangers, 
 
 *' That when they ferioully eonfulered and obfervcd all tiiefo 
 things, they could not forbear being alarmed at a iituatioii 
 fo fliocking to every true fubjeiH; cf Great Britain: addini;, 
 That it was with tlie utmt)ll concern they had feen thofe evils, 
 from fmall beginning?, grow, though by flow degrees, to a 
 mod alarming height ; and that they could not help attribut- 
 ing this their monilrous growth to the private views and dif- 
 imion, the irrefolution and inaclion, of the feveral legillaturcs 
 of IJritilh America; i'o that an in\an(.)n, which, conlldering 
 the nati'ral llrengtli of the tnglilli colonies, if properly unit- 
 ed, might have been heretofore repelled at an eaiy expencc, 
 was now become a matter of the mod ferious concern to 
 themfelves, as well as of the greatell importance to the mo- 
 ther-country, by requiring a provincial allillance in men and 
 money, far beyond what, in cafe of an early juinftion and 
 fpiriied mcafurcs, would have been amply fullicient." 
 
 Thcfe rcmonftranccs and inllrucfions had, in a great mea 
 fure, tlie defired elFet^, by difpofmg the minds to whom the;, 
 were dircded to liilen to the advice, and obey the injiunflion 
 of the court of Loudon to the fame falutary purpofe. Geneni! 
 
 Shirlfv, 
 
 • 4 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Shirley, who arrived at Albany on the 4th of November, on the 2d 
 of the following month, wrote circular letters to the feveral Eng- 
 lilh governors upon the continent, to meet him at that place, in 
 order to hold a council of war ; which, by order of his mafler, the 
 King of Great hritain, was to confdl of as many Englifli gover- 
 nors and field-ofllccrs as could poflibly attend at it. As foon as 
 this coiincil met, Ah*. Shirley laid before them the inrtrutftions 
 that had been given his prcdeceflbr General Braddock ; and 
 then exerted the utmofl of his abilities to eftablifli a good har- 
 monv amongfl the Engliih colonies ; and was particularly 
 happy in eilccling an union between the governments of 
 Ncw-Knglmd and New- York, towards the common caufe of 
 (k fence againll the incroachments of the French : and, what 
 was of llill greater confequencc, he conciliated to the British 
 iiucrcft many of the Indians who had already gone over to- 
 the French, or had given jufl rcafon to fufpecl their intend- 
 ing it. 
 
 The CivH fruits of this fucccfs were, that the mcafures he 
 propofcd, in confequencc of CJencral Hraddock's inllrucfions, 
 were cheerfully agreed to, Thefe were, To fecure, at all 
 events, the navigation of Lake Ontario; and employ fix thou- 
 fand troops againft the French forts on that lake, and ten 
 thoiifand againll Crown-Foiat. It was likewife propoled to 
 rtnew the expedition againll Fort-du-C^iefnc, and attack the 
 rreneh on the river Chaudiere: but thefe operations were 
 approved merely on condition they did not interfere with 
 ■he priiuipal expeditions already agreed to. The council then 
 \in;uiinioully declared it to be their opinion, That it would be 
 inip(Mhl)le to recover and fecure his Britannic Majelly's jull 
 ii.^ht<, without an addiiional number of regular forces j and, 
 
 f t 
 
^^ 
 
 , ^\-\ 
 
 >7Sv 
 
 HISTORY OP THE 
 
 a=; tlic French were building vcfTcls ai Frontenric, they alfo 
 ordered a fnow, a brigantinc, and a Hoop to be built at Fort 
 Ol'wcgo. 
 
 The executing of thcfe meafiues required no fmall degree 
 of mihtary ikill ; and, whatever merit General Shirley mighr 
 be poUellcd of as a negotiator, he had not, in the courfe ot 
 his eommand, difcovered any great abilities as a foldicr. 'iho 
 court of London, therefore, thought proper to fuperfedc lii:r 
 in his command, and ordered him to I'.ngland, before 1.; 
 could have an opportunity of carrying any of his winter- 
 councils into execution. 
 
 Notwithflanding the defeat of M. Diefkcau, there dill re- 
 mained a great nundxr of the l-rench regulars, whicli the 
 baron and M. de Vaudrcuil had brouglu over with them, to 
 the amount of three thoufand men and upwards. Thcl'e troojis, 
 with the Canadians, who were as well, if not better, (]ualified 
 for fcrvicc in that country, than the French regulars, joined 
 to the numerous tribes of Indians in the Frencli intereil, being 
 tondueled by one chief, formed an infinitely more formidable 
 power than the regidar and jirovincial troops of the Lnglilh, 
 who could not unite their ilrength on account of the jarring 
 iiiterells of the diU'erent provinces. 
 
 The pofls of Ticonderoga and ("rown-i'oint were cfTec^ually 
 feciu'cd by the French, who hkewife continued to ufo the 
 ;';^.catefl: diligence in conllructing vcHels at Fort Frontenac 
 they alfo ftrongly garrifoncd Niagara, and ilationcd a fulli- 
 cient nimibe* of troops on the communication between that 
 place and Foit-du-C)uefne, fo as to fccurc cither from fur- 
 prize 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 prize, and whicli would at the fume time admit of their 
 making detachments, in conjuniftion with the hulians, to 
 attack the fcttlements of Virginia and Pennfylvania thai 
 were nearcft to their forts. The feverity of the Icafon liav- 
 ing forced tlic main body of the French army into wiu- 
 tcr-c^uarters, the French commander in chief purfiied fuch 
 meafures with the hidians as cil'e<5lually conciHatcd many of 
 them to his intcreft ; and then, in concert with them, formed 
 a plan iov the operations of the enfuing campaign. 
 
 57 
 
 I 
 
 1} O K 
 
 
 V 1 II 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
T II E 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ft 
 
 %': 
 
 «' 
 
 fe^r 
 
 1i 
 
 i »;' 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 Lord LQuJon oppointcd corHVunJcr in chief of the IhitifJ} trcopt in 
 
 N'jrth Anicrii.}. Miij'ji -General Abercromhy fcnt thither to covi- 
 
 nuinJ till his arriv.U. lh\u!j}n-et attacked on the Onondaga river. 
 
 L'^,>d London arrives at Albany. Kumber and pofition f 
 
 the Ln^lijh and Fr.n.h frees. Ofwcgo taken by the French, 
 
 ivho dem'AiJ}) it. Suecefsful operations of the Enghjh under C> 
 
 K'crnor Laiirencc. Fort Granville ftrprifed by the Indians. 
 
 Kittanning ftrprifed by the En^lifh. Treaties concluded by the 
 
 governors of Pinnfylvania and Virginia ivith the Indians. .U. ..- 
 
 fures taken for the feeurity ef the Englijh (otonies during the \f:ntcr. 
 
 Major Rogers employed in fnaUng prifners. Fort Loudon 
 
 built by the FlngifJj. I'he) a-e joined at Fort Cumberland by a 
 
 body of Cherokee.'. — • — Drop their defign upon Cro'wn-Fointy ivith a 
 
 I'ieiu «f attacking Louijbourg. M. de Montcalm's ivinter-operations. 
 
 Fort ll'illum-Henry attacked by the French. They defeat a 
 
 Jitachment if the FnglifJj. Embargo laid on the flipping by Lord 
 
 Loudon, to favour his attack on Louijhourg. -lie fnls from Neio 
 
 Fork ; anchors at the Hook. Difpofition for the defence of the 
 
 Jror.ti'.rs in his a/fnce. Fo>-i It' lUiam- Henry befieged by the 
 
 French. 
 
I.ATF. WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 59 
 
 FiiUch. Cnpitulatcs. L'^rJ Loutlcnfuiis fur lLi!'ij\i>:. ././- 
 
 v'.iral Holhrui- arrives there from En^liittJ, Tronpi embark to attack 
 
 Lonijlourtr. 'Ihcjlrcu^th of the French (lifovercci 'ITc Kn.^- 
 
 ii/h alter their plan of operations. /.oiJ /mlLh returns to Nciv 
 
 ) 'ork; — is reCiiHeJ i — -fuccccdeJ (n his C'jvnnanJ In General Ahrcromhy. 
 
 rx^IIE I'litilh provinces having applied fen- a rcinForcc- 
 nicnt oF troops, tlic court oF London determined to in- 
 iTcale her elTorts in Nonh America. The Farl ot" Lou- 
 don ^vas therefore appointed commander in clnet' in tliat 
 part of the Britilh empire; but, as he would be ncccfiarily 
 dctaincil Ibmc time in Lngland, Major-Gcncral Al)er- 
 tronii)y was ordered to proceed immcdiaiely to North Ame- 
 rica, and take the command of the troops, till hi'-, Loril- 
 lliip Ihoiild arrive. The I'.arl of Loudon, already colonel of 
 a regiment, was nominated to another, which was to confifl 
 of lour battalions, to be called the Royal Americans, and to he 
 oniccrcd chiefly by foreigners ; an atft of parliament having 
 palled for that purpofe. lie was likcwife conflituted governor 
 of Virginia ; and v/as, moreover, inverted with fuch powers 
 as were thouq;ht nccclTarv, bv giving a ovcatcr latitude to hii 
 authority, to enable him to promote an tuiion amongft the 
 r.nglifli colonics. In the mean time, the neccllary preparation i 
 were nvade in IJritilh America to forward the execution of the 
 plans agreed upon in the council of war tliat had been held ai 
 Albany. The militia of the fcvcral provinces v/erc aflemblctl 
 at that place ; but there remained, for want of a commander 
 in chief, till the latter end of June, v.hen General Abcr- 
 croniby joined them in that capacity. The General having 
 brought with him the thiity-fifth regiment, and the forty- 
 fecond, or Lord John Murray's regiment of Highlanders, the 
 Britilli troops \\^)W in North America conHlled of thefe two 
 
 I 2 corps, 
 
 17^^'- 
 
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 HISTORY or T II F. 
 
 corps, Pcppcrcl's, Shirley's, the forty-fourth and forty -cightli 
 rcginicins ; \s iih four iiukpcMulcnt conipauics from Now 
 York ; four from Cirolijia, And a CuiiliJcrablc body of 
 provincials. 
 
 Tliougli General Ahercromhy approved of the plan of ope- 
 rations agrcCil T^pon by the Albany council of war, he con- 
 ceived it by far t<K^ extemive to be carried into execution liy 
 the forces under his conunand. lie, therefore, thouglir pro- 
 per to \valt the arrival df Lord Loudr.n; but, in the nuan 
 rime, ordered the provincials to march inunediately for Yoiz 
 William-llenry, under the command of General Winllow. 
 
 The Trench diligently availed themfelves of tliis inac- 
 tion of the Lnglilh, and M. de Montcalm, who had ar- 
 rived in Clanada, with about three ihouland regulars, de- 
 tached a party to attack Fort Bull on Wood-Crcck, in tlu- 
 country of the live Nations ; the whole garrilbn of which, 
 except two, were fcalped. He likcwife formed a camp at 
 Ticonderoga, and flrengthened the poll at (j-own-I'oinr. 
 Moreover, being funiciently apprilcd that the Bntilli forces 
 were not to act olleniively till Lord Loudon Ihould take tlic 
 ccnmiand, and knowing that his Lordlhip could not arrive 
 before the feafon would be clapfed for attacking Crown-Point, 
 or reliev ing Ufwego if attacked by ilie Irench, Montcalm refolved 
 !0 carry into execution a plan formed by M. de Vaudreuil againll 
 that fort ; and, to inlure fuccefs to his operations, he placed 
 ambuftades, in order to prevent its receiving any kind of 
 Lupnlii s, eidier of men or provifion, from Schenectady. 
 
 In tlu- niean time, however, Lieutenant-Colonel Bradflrcct 
 Wis excning himfelf lo cany into ciccution the refolutions 
 
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LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 of the Alliany council of war, to form, at Ofwcgo, fiich ma- 
 gazines of military and other (lores as the importance of tlis 
 place fccmetl to require; and liavin^q left Schenectady on this 
 fcrvice, with about three hundred boat-men, the French 
 got intelligence of his proceedings, and formed an am- 
 bufcade to intercept him, either in his way to Ofwcgo, 
 or us he Ihould be returning from that place. The detach- 
 ment for this purpofe were to proceed to the north iliorc 
 of the Onondaga river ; and were ordered to fire into the Eng- 
 lifli boats that would pafs before the men could land, or make 
 any difpofition for their defence. But this body loft their way 
 in the woods, and did not reach the banks of the river, from 
 whence they were to fire on Colonel Bradftrect, till he liad 
 padcd that place. However, as no proper meafures had been 
 taken by the Englifh to fcour the country well, the French 
 found means to continue unnoticed in the woods till the 
 Colonel's return. Boats on this kind of fervicc muft always 
 be cxpofed to an attack, from the impoflibility of having troops 
 on (hore to cover them. Upon thefe occafions, therefore, it is 
 ncccfllary to make fuch difpofitions as may the fooneft enable 
 tlicm to retire from an ambufcade, or give them an opportu- 
 nity of forming in a manner fo as to be able to oppofe it. 
 Such was the difpofition made by Colonel Bradftreet. He 
 divided his boats into three divifions, with orders to keep at a 
 proper diftance afunder, to be the better able to land and fup- 
 port each other. He himfelf headed the firft. Whilft he was 
 Hemming the dream of the Onondaga in this order, on the 
 3(1 of July, he was flilutcd with the war-whoop, and a volley of 
 ir.ufkct bullets, from the northern (liore. 
 
 Upon this, he ordered his men to land on the oppofitc 
 banks; and then, recoUcding that there was a little ifland juil 
 above him where the enemy might ford the river, und attack 
 
 Ixis 
 
 i;56. 
 
 1 -S BT 
 
 i" Jl]' 
 
 in! 
 
 \\ 
 
 \ ft I 
 
'J' 
 
 ii,. 
 
 
 4 
 
 6t 
 
 1756. 
 
 H 1 S T O R Y O F T H E 
 
 his men before tlicy could foini, he iiiflamly rowed to it with 
 fix men only. But he had fcarec got on Ihoic when he was 
 attacked by at leaft twenty. Thefc, however, ho foon rc- 
 pullcd; and, being joined by more of his party, beat them 
 t)ira fecond and a third time. The Irench, therefore, dcfpair- 
 ing of being able to pafs the river at this place, marched in a 
 body along the northern banks to attempt another ford about 
 a mile higher, and Colonel 13radlh-cct kept moving along 
 the oppofite Ihore with tv.'O litmdrcd men to oppofc their pal- 
 fage; till, feeing that another detachment had already crolLd 
 the river, and polled themfelvcs in a fwamp, he fell upon 
 them with i'o much fury as to leave them no profpciTt of Iccu- 
 rity but in llight. Many of them, however, fell in their way 
 to the river, and many more were driven into it and drowned. 
 This proved a critical advantage to the Englilh ; for the other 
 Trench party had, by this time, pafled the ford ; but it was 
 only to experience the fame difgrace. The Colonel marched 
 up to them, forced them to give way, drove ihcni to the norili 
 lliore of the river, and there totally routed and difpcrfed the 
 whole detachment. This affair continuei! warm for about three 
 hours, during which the Knglilh had above iixty killed and 
 wounded ; and the I'rench about one hundred killed, and 
 fevciuy taken prii'oners ; and had not a heavy rain come on 
 that night, and continued all the next day, few, if any, or 
 tlie I'reneii would have cfcaped the fame fate ; though the 
 French concerned in this allair coniilled originally of i\:vcn 
 hundred men, and the Englifli they had to deal wuh were 
 wholly undilciplined. But actions of this kind arc fo irre- 
 gular, as to make relolution in the men more than compen- 
 late for any want of i-ailitary knowledge. And this was the 
 cafe of Colonel Bradllreei'b party, which was compofed of 
 
 raw 
 
 ■ ^ i 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 raw Hibernians. Tlicy had indeed that confidence in their 
 commander and themlelvcs wliith is generally a fare fign of 
 
 vidory. 
 
 The very night after this aflair, Colonel liradilrcct was 
 joined by Captain Patten with a company of grenadiers, in 
 his way from Oneida to Ofwcgo ; and the next day by a de- 
 tachment of two hundred men from the ganifon of Ofwcgo ; 
 but, before the rain, and the floods, occafioned by its fwclling 
 all the adjacent rivulets, would permit them to Air, all the 
 French who had cfcapcd, and were able to march, had 
 got back to Lake Ontario, and cither taken refuge on board 
 the vefTels which liad brought them from Tort Fronti- 
 nac, or joined a large body of French, which, by the re- 
 ports of the prifoncrs, were encamped on the eail fide of 
 that lake, and made part of an army deftined againll Ofwcgo. 
 The detachment, therefore, from that place, marched back to 
 it with Captain Patten and his grenadiers, whilft Colonel Br.id- 
 ftrcct returned to Schenctflady, where, without meeting with 
 any further moleftation, he arrived the 14th of July. Tiic 
 next day, he fet out for Albany, and communicated to Gene- 
 ral Abercromby the intelligence he had received from his 
 prilbners concerning the dcligns of the French upon Ofwcgo. 
 
 TheCcncral, upon this, immediately ordered Colonel Webb to 
 march with the forty-fourth regiment to reinforce 'he garrifoii 
 tiicre; but, fomchow or other, this body was dt 'd till the 
 i(;th of July; when Lord Loudon being arrived at i\'ew-York, 
 immediately proceeded to Albany, and took upon himfclf 
 the command of the rnglKli army, which now confided of 
 three thoufuul regulars and upwards, befides the provincials. 
 The garrifon ;u Of\vt;>2,o was infcnfibly increafed to fourteen 
 
 hundred 
 
 i-<;6. 
 
 ,( ^ 
 
I . ,' 
 
 fe'!}l 
 
 i 
 
 64 
 
 1756, 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 hunched men ; and fcvcral parties were ftaiioncd on the road 
 between it and Schencaady, in order to prelervc an open com- 
 munication between them. The French, on their fide, had 
 about tluee thouland men at Crown-Point and Ticondcroga. 
 IJut they had pofted their cliief ftrcngth at Fort Frontinac, in 
 order from thence to carry on ihcirdeligns againll Fort Ofwcgo. 
 
 The lofs of this place would not only render abortive t^ic 
 grand fchcme, which had been fo long in agitation by the 
 Fnglifli, to reduce Niagara, but leave the French maftcrs of 
 the navigation of Lake Ontario, and thereby Iccurc to them 
 a free and eafy communication with their forts on the upper 
 lakes, and on the Englifli back-fettlcmcnts ; and by that means 
 rivet to their intereft the Indians inhabiting thofe countries. 
 Tliefe confiderations required that no time ihould be loft by 
 Lord Loudon in purfuing the moft vigorous mcafures to im- 
 prove the intelligence obtained by Colonel Bradftreet. The 
 fcafon, indeed, was too far advanced to attempt Niagara this 
 fummcr ; but had part of the Englifli army, which, as we 
 have before obfervcd, continued all this time moft fhame- 
 fully inacT.ive at Albany, marched to Ofwcgo on the firft 
 advice of the motions making by the French, they might have 
 fufhciemly fortified thcmfelves there, by intrenchments and 
 other works, fo as to have fecurcd that place, and the large maga- 
 zines formed in it, and have been Co far in their way, and in rca- 
 dinefs to attack Niagara. But, tho' thcfe were objcets of the ut- 
 moft confe(iuence to tlie fuccefs of tiic future operations of tlic 
 war, the detaching of any troops to anfwcr tliem was flrongly 
 oppofed by a party at Albany, who thought, that Vv'Iiilll Crown- 
 Poiut continued in the hands of the French, there could be 
 jio fecurity lor the province of Nov.'-York. 
 
 General 
 
 i 
 
 \ i 
 
 
 
LATE WAR IK AMTRTCA. 
 
 General Winllow, ^vllo was to command an expedition 
 aj^ainll Crown-l'oint, was already more than fullicicntly 
 Ihong for that purpofe, yet this party infilled on his bein^ 
 reinforced with two or three regiments of rc;^uhir troops ; 
 and that an army fhould hkcwifc coruinuc at Albany to de- 
 fend it, in cafe the troops fcnt againll Crown-F'oint fliould hap- 
 pen to be defeated. Nay, they Ihongly opjwfed the departure of 
 the regiment which General Abercromby had already ordered 
 for Ofwcgo. Some of the Ncw-Kngland colonics joined that 
 of New-York in this oppofition; I'o that it was not without 
 the gieated difliculty Lord Loudon, who did not think proper 
 to do any thing material without their approbation, could Co 
 much as prevail upon them to let Colonel Webb depart i'ov 
 Olwego. Therefore it was the 12th of Aiigull before that 
 ollicer could leave Albany; and, by the time he reached the 
 carrying-place between the Mohawk's river and Wood-Ciec'c, 
 he received the difagreeablc news that Ofwcgo had been be- 
 fie;^c(l and taken. Thus the public fifcty of the whole Uritilli 
 J.inpire in Nortli America was made to yield to the private I 
 views, or rather blind prejudices, of I'omc leading people in the 
 provinces of New-England and of New- York. 
 
 This uncxpcdled intelligence (Iruck fuch a panic into the 
 Colonel, that he ordered the navigation of Wood-Creek to be 
 (Itlh'oyed, in order to prevent the French from cooung to at- 
 tack him ; whilft they were equally bufy in filling up the 
 mouth of the ftream, to prevent their being attacked by the 
 Englifli. . « 
 
 It mud be owned, however, that the afllllancc of this rc.r^i^ 
 meat alone could not have faved Ofwcgo ; the delay of ir, 
 
 K theicfore, 
 
 <5 
 
 I7;6. 
 
1^ 
 
 
 1'^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 flicrcforc, cannot be deemed an unliappy circumrtancc. Bur, 
 unfoirunatcly for the province of New-York, tloomed, as it 
 were, to ftel ilic full bitter fruits of the lols of Ofwcgo, as 
 fhc Iiad been the firft to contribute to tliat lofs, Colonel Webb 
 retreated to Burncti'a Field, and from thence to Schenectady : 
 in confequencc of his fo doing, inllead of remaining at 
 the German Vlats ; thi,, the finell and moll plentiful part of 
 that province, became an eafy prey to the French and their 
 Indians. Such of the inhabitants as could not fly from thcni, 
 were cither fcalped or made prifoners, their plantations dc- 
 Ihoycd, and their houfes burnt to the ground. 
 
 From the little attention l>c{lo\vcd on the prcfcrvation of 
 Ofwego, it is no way furprifmg that it fell fo cafily into the 
 hands of the French ; but then it is very extraordinary, 
 that a place of fo much importance fliould be fo ncgled- 
 cd. The vaft magazines of warlike and other ftores, that 
 liad been formed there, conftitutcd, alone, an objc(5k of the 
 utmoft confequcnce. Either no fuch magazines fliould have 
 been eftabliflied there, or proper fortifications fhoidd have 
 been ere«5led to fecure them. However, it might be rea- 
 fonably expected, that, as th;;fe overfights and negle<5ls were 
 chiefly owing to the extruordinary care and circumfpec- 
 tion ufed to enable General Window to ac^ vigoroufly againll 
 Clrown-Point, they would be counterbalanced, in fomc meafurc, 
 by his fuccefs againft that place ; and that, in confequcnce of 
 fuch fuccefs, the Englifli, by the end of the campaign, would 
 find themfelves mailers of all the French forts on Like 
 Champlain. But all the preparations made for thefe im- 
 portant purpofes terminated in llrengthening Fort Edward and 
 I'ort William-Henry without ftriking, or even attempting to 
 
 llrikc 
 
 W^ 
 
 f 
 
 
 k 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Ihlkc a finglc blow to retrieve the Hritifh aflfliirs, or the 
 glory of the Britilh arms, notwithftanding moll of the 
 Trench troops had been <lra\vn out of Canada, to reinforce 
 thofc originally intended againll Ofwcgo. In the begin- 
 ning of November the provincial troops returned to their 
 rcfpcftive provinces, and the regulars to their (juarters at 
 Albany; leaving in Fort Edward and Fort William-Henry 
 a garrifon of five hundred men each, to fecure the paflagc 
 between Lake George and Hudfon's river, and prote(5l the 
 northern frontiers of New-England and New- York againit 
 any further incurfions the French might undertake during the 
 winter. 
 
 67 
 
 1756. 
 
 ■'V "^ 
 
 We are now to give fomc account of the plan formed by 
 the French againll Ofwego, and the execution of it, to which 
 tlic deftrudion of Fort Bull, and the attack of Colonel 
 Bratlrtrect, were the preludes. This plan had been formed 
 early in the fpring; and accordingly, as foon as the river 
 Sr. Lawrence became navigable, the troops intended for the 
 execution of it, were ordered to rendezvous at Fort Froniinac, 
 on Lake Ontario. Thirteen hundred regulars, and feventccn 
 hundred militia, with a body of Indians, aflcmbled there, in 
 confcquence of thefe orders ; and, on the 29th of July, were 
 loincd by the Marquis de Montcalm, who, immediately on his 
 arrival at Fort Front inac, difpatched two armed vcfTcis to 
 cruize oil" Ofwcgo ; the one of twelve, the other of fixtccn 
 ;?uns ; in order to prevent the garrifon's receiving any intelli- 
 gence of his defigns by water ; and, at the fame time, detached 
 a numerous body of Canadians and Indians, with orders to 
 pofl themfclves between Ofwcgo and Albany, for the purpofe 
 
 K 3 of 
 
 .^■^^ 
 

 I 
 I 
 
 :4 
 
 
 68 
 
 ) 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of inicrccpting any mcilcngcr that might attempt to pafs from- 
 citlicr of thcic places to the odier. Soon after, he ordered his 
 adsanccd guard to proceed to a creek called Anfe-aux-Cabames, 
 three leagues from Ofvvcgo; and tiic firft divifion of it arrived 
 there the loth of Auguft in the morning, and in the after- 
 noon proceeded through ;hc woods, and took poft at another 
 creek, within half a league of Ofwego, in order to favour the 
 debarkation of the rcll of the troops as near as pofliblc to the 
 objed of their operations. Tor this pvirpofc they, immcdi : 'y 
 on their arrival there, began to cred a battery pointing to Lake 
 Ontario, in order to protect the fliips and other veflcls dut 
 were coming after them. The nth and i-jth they employed 
 in making fafcines, gabions, and fuch other things as could 
 be made on the fpot, and were re(iuifite to forward the ufe of 
 their artillery, and in catting a road through the woods to 
 the place where they intended to break ground agai;ift the 
 fort. On the i zth, the remainder of the troops arrived with the 
 artillery and provifions ■ which being landed, the ground in- 
 tended for the firll parallel, and where the firfl batteries were to 
 be creeled, was immediately traced out, at aboi : two hundred 
 yards from Fort Ontario. But before we procc d any further 
 with the befiegcrs, it is necefTary we fliould fee • hat the bc- 
 Jicgcd were doing to oppofc them. 
 
 It was fo late before the EngliOi at Ofwego fcovcred the 
 French who came to attack then, that, infte i of having 
 time to conflrud their batteries with common n»« rials, they 
 were forced to employ barrels of pork for that purpofe, and 
 intrench themlelves with what few tools they had, on the 
 eminence which commanded the fort, at about two hundred 
 yardi dillance. This work, which tlkc French fliould liave 
 
 found 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ibuntl ready lO receive them, employed the Englifli till the 13th, 
 by which time the French had completed a battery of ten 
 cannon, under cover of a wood, within two hundred yards of 
 I'dt Ontario. Upon this. Colonel Mercer ordered part of Pcppe- 
 i^l's regiment, which was polled there, to fpik^ up their guns, 
 dcftroy their ammunition and provifions, and retreat in fomc 
 \vhale4x)ats he had font for them. Tliis difagrccablc talk was 
 pcrfoiTncd in good order; and, when tlie troops airived at the 
 Olwegofulc, they marched up to the new iutrcnchmcaits on the 
 eminence which we jull now mentioned. 
 
 The French being, by this retreat, maftcrs of Fort Ontario, 
 they immediately began to work on a battery, from which, 
 the next morning, they lired into the old fort, on the op- 
 pofite fide of ilic river, with two twelve-pounders. To 
 thefe they foon added two others, and one hawitzer, 
 which enfiladed the fort fo eir«wJtually, that all the oflicers 
 and men, except ihofe on duty, were ordered out of ir, 
 and were put under cover of a breaft-work. In about two 
 hours after, three guns, which had been mounted on one 
 of the batteries conftru(5ted with barrels of pork, were dif- 
 mounted, and feveral of the fmall mortars burft. The 
 guns, however, were re-mounted on other carriages, in fpitc 
 of a heavy fire from the French ; but they were again dif- 
 mounted in a very fliort time. Upon this the Marquis de 
 Montcalm increafed his fire in the fame proportion as that of the 
 Englilh Itackened, and ordered a confiderable body of men to 
 pal's the nvcr, and take poft on the Ofwegofide of it, in order to 
 be in reaclinefs to florm the fort, in conjuniftion with another 
 body, wliich was to advance againd it ia boats, undercover 
 of tiiea- tcii'^un battery. 
 
 Colonel 
 
 69 
 
 i i\ 
 
 1756. 
 
 n 
 
 /ili.1' 
 
 i ; 
 
 M 
 

 I 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Colonel Mercer, who had been very careful to obferve the mo* 
 tions of the French, ordered Colonel Schuyler, with five hundred 
 men, to difputc the paflagc of the river with them ; but he had 
 fcarccly delivered thefe orders, when, going into the fort, to give 
 feme others equally neceifary, he was killed by a cannon-fliot. 
 Upon this, Lieutenant-Colonel Littlchales, upon whom the com- 
 mand now devolved, feeing that the French had already pair- 
 ed the river, and were forming, ordered Colonel Schuyler 
 back, and called a council of war, compofed of the captains 
 as well as the field-officers, to be the better able to determine 
 what was to be done in fo critical a conjundlure. Mr. Mac- 
 keller, the chief engineer, being then afked, How long he 
 Uiought it was pofliblc for the place to hold out ? and anfwer* 
 ing, " An hour,'' tlic fort was voted not tenable ; and that 
 therefore it would be the heighth of folly to wait a ftorm by 
 fuch fuperior numbers. But this did not appear to be the 
 fcnfe of the reft of the garrifon, or at lead the common men. 
 Thcfc could hardly be prevailed upon to think of furrender- 
 ing lo the French. However, the chamadc was beat, and 
 two olTiccrs were fent to M. de Momcalm, to know what 
 terms he would grant them, without any inftruclions to 
 alk, ihcmfclvcs, fuoli as a brave garrifon had a right to in- 
 fill upon. The French took the advantage of this ceflii- 
 tion of arms. They brou^^ht up more cannon, advanced 
 their main body within mulkct-fliot of the place, and 
 made every otiicr preparation ncccfiary to ftorm it ; and M. 
 dc Montcalm was himfclf fo lure of carrying his point, 
 that all the anfwer iic condefcended to give the Englifi of- 
 ficers fent out to him, was, That he was willing to receive a 
 capitulation upon honourable terms. But thcfe terms, when 
 
 he 
 
 m 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 he came to explain himfclf, proved as mortifying as he well 
 could make tliciri, viz. That the Englifli Ihould give up 
 their forts, and furrcndcr themfelves prifoners of war ; in 
 which light he indeed aflured them of all the regard they 
 could cxpeifl from the politeft of nations. Then, keeping 
 Mr. Drake, one of the officers charged with the meflage to 
 him, as an hoflagc, till the capitulation fhould be figned, he 
 font M. de Bougainville, one of his aids-de-camp, to receive 
 fuch articles as Lieutenant-Colonel Littlehales might think 
 proper to propofe to him, confident with the terms already 
 mentioned. However, M. dc Bougainville foon returned with 
 the following paper : 
 
 Conditions required by the Commandant at Ofivego, from the Marquis 
 de Montcalm, jlrmy and Field Marjfjal, and Commander in Chief of 
 the troops of his Mojl Chrijlian Majejly in North America. 
 
 Article I. The garrifon fliall furrender prifoners of war, and 
 fhall be conduced from hence to Montreal, where they fliall 
 be treated with humanity ; and every one in a manner fuit- 
 able to his rank, according to the cuftoms of war. 
 
 II. The officers, foldiers, and others, fliall have their baggage 
 and clothes belonging to them as individuals ; and fhall be 
 allowed to carry away tliefe their cffi;cts with them. 
 
 III. They fliall remain prifoners of war till exchanged. 
 
 To thcfe propofals, M. dc Montcalm gave the following an- 
 fwcr : 
 
 " I agree to the above articles, in the name of his Mofl 
 Chriftian Majelly, on condition, that the bcficged fliall give 
 
 4 "P. 
 
 71 
 
 1756. 
 
 m; t 
 
 ■'Vr* 
 
 .«HSf»6.* 
 
7- 
 
 
 " ■■'■•I 
 
 m 
 
 Nli 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1756. lip, faithfully, the fortifications, artillery, ammunition, ma- 
 gazines, barks, and boats, with their appm'tcnanccs. 
 
 •' I give full power to M. tie le Pauzc, Major-Gcneral, tD 
 reduce thisprefent capitulation into form, and iettle the man- 
 ner in which our troops are to be put in poflcflion of the forts, 
 and the proper ftcps for fccuring the Englifh from any infuU. 
 
 " Given at the camp before Ofwego, the i4thilay (at eleven 
 o'clock in the morning) of the month of Auguft 1756. 
 
 " Montcalm." 
 
 M. do Ic Pauze having performed the tafk afligned him in 
 the above anfwer of M. de Montcalm, the garrifon laid down 
 their arms, and furrendered thcmfelvcs prifoncr of war. 
 Their lofs, in killed and wounded, during t' . fiege, was 
 never afccrtained; chat of the French was fo inconfideirable 
 as fcarce to defcrve the name. It confided of one engineer, 
 and one gunner, one French and one Canadian foldicr, killed ; 
 with about twenty regulars and provincials ilightly wounded. 
 The lofs of the Englifli, during the ficge, was not equal to 
 what followed the furrcnder of the place. The French ne- 
 glected to relieve the fentrics over the EngliHl hofpital, 
 all the fick and wounded it contained were fcalped ; as 
 was likewife Lieutenant Dc la Court, as he lay wound- 
 ed in his tent, though under the prote(ftion of a French 
 olliccr. Nay, the Indians were permitted, in open con- 
 tempt of the capitulation, to infult the ofTiccrs and fol- 
 dicrs as they flood dcfcncclcfs on tlic parade, and even 
 to rob them of their baggage, and murder fome of them. 
 
 The 
 8 
 
 n : 
 
 *«^v ^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The fmviving F.nglifli oflkcrs were indeed font ofT to 
 IMontrcal the next day, but without their men : there they 
 were treated in a manner not to leave any room for com- 
 plaint ; and, in the courfc of the year, moft of them were 
 cxdianged. 
 
 The conquerors began to dcmoHfli the forts as foon as they 
 could remove the magazines contained in them. Thefe were 
 too vail not to merit a particular enumeration. They con- 
 filkd of one hundred and thirty-five pieces of artillery, of dif- 
 ferent kinds ; a quantity of fmall arms; twenty- three thou- 
 fand weight of powder; eight thoufand weight of lead and 
 iron, in balls and bullets ; one hundred and fifty bombs, with 
 other fmaller (lores in proportion ; and twelve months provi- 
 fions for four thoufand men. The little fleet, which had been 
 put afloat on Lake Ontario, became likcwife the prize of the 
 conquerors, with fome veflels that were on the flocks. This 
 fleet conliflcd of the Halifax fnow, pierced for eighteen guns on 
 her main deck, but never finiflied ; the London, a brig, pierced 
 for fixtcen guns, twelve of which were mounted ; two floops; 
 viz. the Mohawk, pierced for ten, and the Ontario, for fix guns ; 
 the Ofwego, a fchooner,of fix four-poundcrs ; and a fmall fchoo- 
 ncr, of twelve fwivels ; with a number of boats, and a rrcac 
 (jiumtity of cordage and other naval flore>. If the accumu- 
 l.iting of fuch magazines in a place not only juflly deemed 
 untenable in itfclf, but fituated out of the reach of immediate 
 aniihuicc, is not fullicient to impeach tlic iioncfly of thole 
 who were concerned in the contraifls, it is at load more than 
 enough to prove, that there exillctl Ibmewhcrc a degree of 
 miict)nduift, which alone might account for the mifcarriage of 
 the bcfl laid plans. 
 
 L The 
 
 73 
 
 1756. 
 
 : 1 m 
 
 h i 
 
 Hkwm 
 
 !r s" 
 
',■?! 
 
 m. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 r 
 
 / I 
 
 \ 
 
 J: 
 
 74 
 
 1756. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The lofs of Ofwcgo was, in fomc degree at Icaft, compcn- 
 fatcd to the EngHlh hy the fucccfs of Colonel Lawrence in 
 Acadia or Nova Scotia. He pinfucd his hlow there j and, to 
 make it have the deflred eflc(51, was obliged to ufe great fcvc- 
 ritv, as the Trench neutrals and hulians, who inhabiied that 
 tountry, refufed to conform to the laws, or fwear allegiance 
 to the King of Great Ilritain : nay, many of them had en- 
 gaged to join, the enfuiiig fpring, the troops that were ex- 
 pected from France, on their own coall, or ut Louilbourg; 
 and fome of which were taken, on their palFage, with military 
 and other llores, by the Englifh ertii/xrs ftationcd off Clapc 
 Breton. Colonel Lawrence purfued thufe dangerous inmates 
 v.ith fire and fword, binning their houfcs, driving off their 
 cattle, and making one entire defart of their whole country. 
 At length, lliocked at the thoughts of utterly extirpating the 
 French neutrals, thoifgh he knew they only waited for a fair 
 opportunity to join the open enemies of Circat Britain, he con- 
 fidercd that he might reconcile humanity with what he 
 thougl\t ibund policy, by iranfplanting them to fomc part or 
 another of the liritilli empire ; where, from implacable ene- 
 mies, they, or at leall their children, might, in time, become 
 ufcful fubjeds. lie, therefore, diilributcd about fcvcn thou- 
 faiul of them that were left, amongll the different Englifli colo- 
 nics in North America ; and thereby ellablilhed peace and 
 ti.uKiiiiiity throngliuut the province, to the full extent of its 
 ancient limits, as fettled in the ceffion made of it to Great 
 Britain, by the treaty of Utrecht. Things continued here, in 
 this fituation, till the month of February 1756, when a party 
 ol three liundrcd French and Indians began to appear on the 
 irontiers, with a delign to make inroads about Chinerto, ar.d 
 tut oil the Fnglilh wood-cutter.;, who were carrying on their 
 
 7 bulinds 
 
 t 
 
LATE WAR IN AMEHICA. 
 
 bufinefs in a fuppofcd ftatc of the mofl profound fccui ity from 
 any hoftilc vifit. But Licutcnant-Coloncl Scot having got intel- 
 ligence of their dcfigns, marched with three hundred provincials 
 in (lucft of them ; and fortunately coming up with them time 
 enough to prevent their furprifing the wood-cutters, wounded 
 a confiderablc number, and killed eight Indians on the fpot. 
 
 About the month of Auguft, Fort Granville, an inconfidcr- 
 ablc fort on the confines of Pennfylvania, was furprifcd by a 
 pariy of French and Indians, who made the garrifon prifon- 
 crs; but, inllead of fcalping them, with equal prudence and 
 humanity, loaded them with flour, and drove them into 
 captivity. But the Ohio Morians killed alx)ve a ihoufand in- 
 habitants of the weftern frontiers. The death of thefe poor 
 people did not remain long unrcvenged. Colonel Armftrong, 
 with a party of two himdred and eighty provincials, ninrch;:d 
 from Fort Shirley, which had been built by the Pcnnfylva- 
 nians on the Juniata river, about one hundred and fifty miles 
 Avcll of Philadelphia, to Kittanning, an Indian town, and the 
 rendezvous of the Morian murderers, and got near enough to 
 them lodifcovcr their fituation, early in the morning of the fifth 
 (l:iyaftcrhis fettingout, being the 8th of September, whilfl: their 
 warriors were regaling themfelves at a dance. Then, halting 
 r.hout one hundred perches below the town, on the banks of the 
 river, he prepared his men to attack them ; and led them on for 
 that purpofe as foon as it was light, ('aptain Jacobs, the 
 (hicf of the Indians, gave the war-whoop, and defended his 
 hourc bravely, through loop-holes in the loggs with whicli 
 it Vv-as built. Colonel Armltrong ollered them (quarter; but 
 many of them juftly fufpeifting the fincerity of the offer, as 
 the many inhuman murders they had been guilty of were yet 
 
 I. 1 frcfli 
 
 '/S'J- 
 
 
 .*-«•■<. (^.^ 
 
I' 
 
 H 
 
 mi^ 
 
 ?/$ 
 
 li 
 
 i(> 
 
 J.. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fjcfli in their memories, thcv refilled to fubmit. Colonel 
 AriDllrong, tlicrcfore, ordered their houfes to be fet on lire, 
 which was immediately done; and many of the hidians were 
 thereby ra.flbcated and burnt ; others were fliot in attempting 
 to reach tiic river: Caj-;tain Jacobs, his liiuaw, ami a hoy 
 called the h'iii^'s Sji:, met the lame fate, as they were getting 
 out of the window; and all were Icalped. Thele hidians had 
 a great number of lire-arms ready loaded in their houfes, and 
 a lav^'c (luantity of gun-powder, which went oil', blew up 
 dieir iioufes, and killed many of them. Eleven Engliih pri- 
 foners were rcleafed from captivity, or, perhaps, a moll cruel 
 death. Thcle informed the Colonel, that, on that very day, 
 two boats lillcil with r'renchmen, and a large party of Dcla- 
 warcs, were expecled to join Captain Jacobs, in order to pro- 
 ceed on an expedition concerted againll Fort Shirley ; and 
 that, with this view, an advanced party of twenty-four war- 
 riors had been detached the preceding evening to reconnoitre 
 the country. 
 
 This intelligence was foon after confirmed by Lieutenant 
 Hogg, who had been left to feize on a party of hulians, fup- 
 pofcd not to exceed four, whom Colonel Armlln)ng's fcout3 
 had ditcovcred the nig'rt before round a lire, but whom he did 
 not chufe to interrupt, lell any one of them might cfcape and 
 alarm the town. In the morning, when Mr. Hogg attacked 
 this party, they proved to be the twenty-four who had been 
 detached from Kittanning. The firll fire that Mr. Hogg gave, 
 killed three of them ; but the Indians killed as many of lu:^ 
 men in return ; upon which the reft of his detachment lied, 
 leaving him dcfpcratcly wounded behind them. Colonel 
 Armflrong, being informed of this misfortune, fent out r. 
 
 '^ a party 
 
 i"). 
 
 ..„.*i.:>^^'. \z-~ 
 
 '■-^■■^■^^j 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 party to bring iti Mr. Hog;^, wlio, notwithftimling all tlic care 
 that could be taken of him, died oF his wounds. Severe as 
 this ciiallircmcnt of tlic hidians may appear to be, the elFevfls 
 of it proved merely local. On almoll every other part of the 
 frontiers, parties of them and the French lUlI kept (kiilkin^q, 
 to feizc an opportunity of malHicrin^ all the Britilh fuhjec^ts 
 >vho might conic in their way, without relpecl to age or fex. 
 '1 he governor of Pennfylvania had indeed the good fortune 
 to conclude a treaty of peace witii the Delaware Indians, inlia- 
 biting the borilers of the Sufcjuehanna; and fecured the 
 friendfliip and alliance of the Catawbas. A fort was buik 
 at \\'inchefler, called Fort London ; and fome Cherokces joined 
 the garrifon of Fort Cumberland. 
 
 77 
 
 1756. 
 
 Experience had taught the Englifli the folly of any great: 
 dependence on thefe alliances with the Indians ; yet the pre- 
 fcnt created hopes that, with their ailillance, they lliould be 
 able to profccute the next campaign in North-America 
 witli more vigour than any of the former; efpccially as 
 reinforcements of regular troops had already landed on that 
 continent. The feafon was too far advanced to admit of any 
 new cnterpri/e againll the cncni)'. Lord I oudon, therefore, 
 confined his endeavtmrs to the making of preparatlonr. for 
 taking the field early the following fpring, ;iiul in fecuring;^ 
 the frontiers of the colonies: in forming of an uniform 
 plan of aiftion ; and infufmg a fpirit of concord into the pro- 
 vinces, who were divided in their opinions, or at lealt aiftcd 
 as if they were, perpetually thwarting each otlier from illibe- 
 ral principles of parlimony, at a time v.hcn they ought ta 
 hazard their whole property to oppofe the encroachments 
 of thofe whofe deligns extended againll their liberties and 
 
 lives. 
 
 ) % , r 
 
 .1 Vi 
 
 t 
 
 t ' 
 
 / 
 
 I 
 
 tjifc^fei* 
 
v^i 
 
 
 78 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 <75^. lives. The Forts Edward and William-Henry were, as we 
 have before obfervcd, ^vcll garrifoned, and othcrwifc put into 
 a proper pollnrc of defence-, and, excepting feme fcouting 
 parlies, the remainder of the troops continued in winter- 
 quarters at Albany, where barracks had been built for 
 tliat purpofc. The fame precaution was taken at Halifax 
 in Nova Scotia, and three new forts were creeled to fecure that 
 place againfl any furprizc. 
 
 The French army had likewife retired into winter-rquarters ; 
 fo that, on that account, as well as the feverity of the fca- 
 Ibn, nothing material could be expected to happen for fomc 
 months. Thus, then, ended the fecond campaign between 
 the Knglifli and French in North-America, in which the arms 
 of the former were fo much diflionoured by mifeonducl and 
 timidity, that they would have been utterly contemptible, 
 had it not been for the conduJl and rcfolution with which 
 Cblonel Bradllrcet behaved when attacked by the French on the 
 (nondaga river. Whilft preparations were making on both fides 
 li)r the next campaign, Captain Rogers, on that of the Englifli, 
 wasconflantly employed in patroling the woods al>out the Forts 
 Edward and William-Henry, and obferving the motions of the 
 French at Ticonderoga and Crown-Point ; and this fervice he 
 performed with fo much alertnefs, that he made a great number 
 of prifoners, and thereby procured very good intelligence of 
 the enemy. The fubftance of this intelligence was, that M. 
 de Montcalm intended to attack Fort Williara-Hcnry, as foon 
 as ih& weather would permit him to take the field. 
 
 If, from their numbers, the Englifli had reafon to hope 
 that they fliould be able to pufti the enfuing campaign with 
 
 more 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 more vigour than the preceding, almoft every fiibfcqucnt 
 event fcetned to tlnvart their expcflations. Notwitliflandin^ 
 the endeavours of the Earl of Loudon to eaabUlli unanimity 
 amongfl the Englifli colonies, their private intcrcP blinded 
 them to fuch a degree, as to frullrate all the arguments he 
 could think of to ellert fo defirable a purpofe. Tlu.s obliged 
 him to become a mediator, in order to engige them to raifc 
 the necefliiry fupplies for profecuting the war. IJut this 
 his laudable zeal was attended with very little fuccefs: 
 dillidence and difcord making them procrallinate thofe mca- 
 iures which required the moft immediate execution. The 
 French were too wife to omit taking advantage of the dif- 
 traclcd fituation of the Britilh colonies. By their fucceires 
 in the la(l campaign, they were become entirely mafters 
 of all the lakes, and thereby were furnilhed with the means 
 of pravftifing on the Indians by prcfents and promifes. Every 
 acccflion to the (Irength of the French was a real diminution 
 of that of the Englifli. The French had promifed the Indians, 
 that they would reduce the forts at Ofwego ; and their having 
 fucceedcd in the cntcrprize, gave them, qualified as they 
 were to judge only by appearances, an idea of their fuperio- 
 rity, which M. de Montcalm very well knew how to improve: 
 to his advantage. Whilll the precipitate retreat of Colonel 
 Webb, his fdling up of Wood-Creek, and thereby dellroyin^;- 
 the only communication the Englilh had with that part of the 
 country of the Five Nations, cxpoled thefe Indians to tiie 
 mercy of their enemies, and opened the patii for the defoiu- 
 tion and the ruin which attended the German ilats. This, 
 with the deflru(ftion of the fort at the can ying- place, Co alie- 
 nated even the Indians of the Five Nations, that it was wi Ii 
 the utmort difliculty that Sir William Johnfon, with all his pru- 
 dence, 
 
 79 
 
 '7 5'. 
 
 liyli 
 
 ''1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ' I 
 
 \ 
 
 
u 
 
 i 
 
 .J 
 
 ^'(1 
 
 80 HISTORY OF TIIF. 
 
 «757- ilcncc, could rcArain ihcm from aclually declaring in favour 
 of the Ircncli. 
 
 In the mean time, the Earl of London cxcrtctl himfclf in col- 
 lecting a fulliticnt force to llrikc a decinvc blow. With thi:} 
 view, the refolution to attack Cnnvn-roiiit, which had been I'o 
 lon^ in agitation, was now laid aiitle; the taking of that place 
 being an object of far Icfs importance than the reducing of 
 Louilbourg, which was lublUtutcd in its llcad. Belides, the 
 flrcngth of the mother-country could be more eafdy brought 
 againll this place ; and was not fo liable to fuller from the dif- 
 union of her colonies. 
 
 Accordingly preparations were making in Fngland for 
 this grand defign, witli the greatcll vigour and celerity. 
 In tlie month of January {757, a confiderable body of 
 troops, under Major-Ciencral Ilopfon, as c<immandcr in 
 chief, and the Colonels Perry, Forbes, Lord Howe, and 
 other able ofTjcers, with a detachment of artillery, were or- 
 dered to rendezvous at Cork, and there wait the arrival of a 
 formidable licet fitting out to efcort them to America, and af- 
 firt them in tlicir operations there. Yet notwiihllanding all the 
 dilpatch that could be ufed, it was the if>xh of April before 
 this fleet arrived at Cork, when the armament formed thereby 
 confilled of the following land and fea forces. 
 
 L A N D- 
 
 ' i 
 
 •r'^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 LAND-FORCES. 
 
 The ad battalion of the Royal looo 
 
 Seventeenth regiment - 700 
 
 Twcnty-fevcnth - - 700 
 
 Twenty-eighth - 700 
 
 Forty-third - - # 700 
 
 Forty-fixth - - - 700 
 
 Fifty-fifth I - - 700 
 
 »l 
 
 ITJ7' 
 
 5300 
 
 SEA- FORCES. 
 
 Name. 
 The Newark 
 Grafton 
 Bedford 
 Invincible 
 Terrible 
 Captain 
 NafTau - 
 
 Cuns. 
 
 • 80 
 
 . 68 
 
 64 
 
 - 74 
 74 
 64 
 
 - 64 
 
 Northumberland 68 
 Orford - - 68 
 Tilbury - 60 
 Defiance - 60 
 Kingfton - 60 
 Centurion - 54 
 Sunderland - 60 
 Port-Mahon - 24 
 Otter (loop 
 Hawk 
 
 Furnace bomb 
 Lightening firc-fliip 
 
 Commander t. 
 Admiral Holbornc, Captain Holborne 
 Commod. Holmes, Captain Cornwall 
 Captain Fowke 
 Captain Bentlcy 
 Captain Collins 
 Captain Amherfl 
 Captain Sawyer 
 Captain Lord Colville 
 Captain Spry 
 Captain Barnfley 
 Captain Baird 
 Captain Parry 
 Captain Mantell 
 Captain Mackenzie 
 
 Captain Philips 
 Captain Martin 
 M 
 
 This 
 

 i 
 
 pi ; r 
 
 82 H I S T O R Y O F T II E 
 
 »r57- This force, in conjun«5lion with tliat already in North Ame- 
 
 rica, was to allcmblc at Halifax in Nova-Scotia, and from 
 tlu nee proceed to the attack of Louilbourg. 
 
 It was not without a jealous eye that the French beheld 
 t!)c preparations of the Knglilh ; nor were they ignorant of 
 the objecf thefe preparations were levelled againfl:. Tho- 
 rouglily fcnfible of tlic importance of Louilbourg to their 
 poliinions and trade in North America, and particularly to 
 their fiflieries on the banks of Newfoundland, they gave 
 inuncdiatc orders for equipping, with the iitniod: expedition, 
 three feveral fcjuadrons, to cover and defend that place, as 
 well as to ftrcngiiien their forces on the continent. One of thcfc 
 fquadrons was fitted out at Toulon, and found means to Ileal 
 out of the Mediterranean, in fpite of all the vigilance of Ad- 
 miral Saunders, who was llationed ofl' Gibraltar to intercept 
 it; and the other two, which were ccjuipped in the French 
 ports of the ocean, had got to fea, before a powerful fleet, 
 which war. deflincd to attack them, could be made fufJicicntly 
 ready for that purpofe. 
 
 Whilil the Frencli were preparing for the next campaign 
 with ib much vigour at home, M. de Montcalm vied witli 
 them, to the utmoll of his power, in Canada. Me kept conti- 
 nually on foot, during the whole winter, feveral fmall parties, 
 whole bufmefs it was to fcour the woods, procure intelligence, 
 intercept the fupplies of provifions which the Kngliih might 
 attempt to fend to their oui-forts, and harafs their back-fettJe- 
 mcnts. 
 
 The fealbn being now foniewhat advanced, the French were 
 as good lib their word refpecling Fort W'llliam-IIenry. M. de 
 
 Regaud 
 
 >:\ 
 
 ' -A«:':i&<-'Zii.<.:-.^ . . 
 
LATE WAR IN AMIUIICA. 
 
 Re;;aucl was ordered to proceed againfl ihat place, with a detach- 
 ment of about twelve hundred men ; and arrived before it on 
 the i<;thof March; when, advancing againfl; it without any pre- 
 caution, his troops were fo warmly received with a briflc difchargc 
 of cannon and mulketr}^ that they thought proper to retire, 
 atccr having endeavoured in vain to fet fire to a Hoop and the 
 boats belonging to the fort. From the implements which they 
 left behind them, it appeared, that their hopes were founded 
 ou the fucccfs of a general afTault. Accordingly, notwitii- 
 flanding this firll difappointnient, they made their appearance 
 foon again, in fuch a difpofition as indicated a delign to fiu'- 
 lound the fort. They advanced, for fome time, with a great 
 deal of bravery, through a continual difchargc of cannon and 
 Iniallarms; but they again retreated. On the 2oih, about 
 niidniglit, they rcfumed the attack, fully reiblvcd to llorm the 
 tort with their whole force ; but this attempt fucccedcd no 
 kt:cr than the former. They were driven buck a c>iid time ; 
 and, after fetting fire to two Hoops and feveral boats, retired 
 at day-break. About noon, they fecmed to take the rout of 
 Ticondcroga; but, all on a fudden, fcnt back two men with 
 a red flag towards the fort ; from whence an officer and four 
 men were ordered oc^ to meet them. This party carried one 
 of the iTcnchmen into the fort, with a letter from M. de Vau- 
 dicuil, directed to the commanding officer of Fort William- 
 Henry, and importing. *' That he had lent M. Ic Chevalier dc 
 la Mercicre, commander of the artillery, to actiiiaint him witli 
 his relblutions ; and that he might give entire credit to what 
 that gentleman flaould fay to him in his behalf." M. de la 
 iMercicre, who was the other pcrlbn, was, upon thi?, brought 
 into the fort, blindfolded. Mis meflage was, in fiibllancc, 
 " That M. dc Vauilreuil, being very avcrle to the llicd- 
 
 M y ding 
 
 
 ';57' 
 
 »"i n 
 
 •h t 
 
84 
 
 ' /' ] 
 
 'il4i 
 
 > 
 
 it !' 
 
 r" 
 
 s f'- 
 
 '757- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ding of human blood, fliould be glad to put an end to 
 the war; and therefore, for this good purpofc, as the Eng- 
 li(h had been the aggrelTors, by encroaching upon the ter- 
 ritories of his Mod Chriftian Majefty, and building forts 
 upon them, he propofed, that the faid forts might be delivered 
 tip to him in a peaceable manner ; in which cafe the garrifons 
 lliould be allowed all the honours of war, and be permitted to 
 carry away all their valuable elTccls, leaving only fomething 
 to gratify the Indians, from whom they had nothing to fear, 
 as tliere were regulars enough to proteeT: iIkmI from any vio- 
 lence that might be ofl'cred: That, if thcfe terms were not ac- 
 cepted, the French would make a general aflault ; in which, 
 fliould they fucceed, the garrifon mull take the confcquenccs. ' 
 To this extraordinary fummons, Major Eyres, the com- 
 manding officer, retiuned the following fhort anfwcr: "That 
 it was his fixed refolution to defend his Majefly's fort to the 
 laft extremity." M. de la Mercierc was then difmiflcd, and 
 conducted back blindfolded. Soon after he arrived at his own 
 army, the French wheeled about, and prepared every thing 
 for a general aflault. But neither their threats nor fupciior 
 numbers could intimidate the garrifon. Both men and ofliccrs 
 behaved with the greatcfl vigilance, and fliewcd the greatcll 
 refolution, fully determined to die rather than yield; and 
 they had occafion for it alL The French returned to the at- 
 tack ; but were again obliged to retire for the fourth time. 
 Ncvcrtlielefs, as though this was a fervice to be executed at 
 all events, they once more prepared for an aflault ; and in 
 the night made a general attack ; but ftill without fucccls. 
 Upon this, they fct flic to fcvcral ftore-houfes belonging to 
 the provincial troops, and to all the huts of the ranger:-, 
 which were confumed. They afterwards burnt a floop on 
 
 tllL 
 
 < " 
 
 |W: 
 
 i 
 
 . (Ok- - -• — ■ 
 
 ■ ";" mi . 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the flocks; and then totally difappearcd. Had not this gar- 
 rifon hccn flrong enough, and rcfolutc enough to make a 
 proper ufc of tliat (Ircngth, nothing could have hindered tlic 
 French from penetrating to Albany ; the confequences of 
 which might liavc hccn fatal to every part of the Britifli em- 
 pire in Nortli America. 
 
 The mifcarriage of this attempt againfl: Fort William-Henry, 
 was fomcwhat alleviated to the French by an advantage they 
 gained over a detacimicnt of about four hundred men, com- 
 manded by Colonel John Parker, who went by water to attack 
 their advanced guard, near Ticonderoga. He landed in the 
 night on an ifland ; and, before day-break, fent three boats 
 to the main-land, to reconnoitre the enemy. Rut the French, 
 being on their guard, furprifed thefe boats, and made all the 
 men in them prifoners. Then, having procured, by this 
 capture, intelligence of the Colonel's defigns, they formed their 
 plan accordingly. They polled three hundred men in ambufli 
 behind the point where he propofed to land ; and fent the 
 boats they had taken, with men of their own in them, to the 
 place where he had ordered his own men to lie on their oars, 
 as a fignal for him to land. The bait took. Colonel Parker, 
 believing thefe boats to be ftill his, eagerly put on Ihore, where 
 he was furrounded by the enemy, who had been reinforced in 
 the mean time, wivh four hundred men ; and was attacked 
 with fo much in'ipetuofity, that, of his whole detachment, not 
 above the one half efcaped being citlier killed or taken pri- 
 foners. 
 
 Whilfl; the little war was thus carrying on, the Earl of 
 Loudon was ferioufly engaged in making every neceflary pre- 
 paration to airemblc his troops, and repair to the rendezvous 
 
 ^S 
 
 >757- 
 U ^ 
 
 Mi 
 
 I,! 
 
 
 \ 
 

 f * 
 
 86 
 
 ' 3;- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 at Halifax; and, tlic better to conceal his dcfi.^ns from the ene- 
 my, render provifions cheaper to the Eiiglilh forces, and make 
 furc of a lulllcieiu number of vcilcls to carry his troops to 
 Louiibourg, he laid an embargo on all the Ihips in the Kng- 
 li(h North-American ports. But the merchants and planters ; 
 all, in fine, except thofe who were not concerned in the 
 contracts for the army and navy, cried out loudly againft the 
 meafurc. They openly affirmed, that it was impoflible it 
 ihould ever do any good ; whereas it already did a great deal 
 of mifchief, by caufing a ftagnation in every branch of trade, 
 and rendering corn a dreg in America, at a time when Eng- 
 land was in danger of a famine for want of it. For, jufl be- 
 fore the orders for this embargo were iflued, accounts had 
 been received from England, that, through a failure of tlic 
 lall year's crops, both in England and Ireland, bread was be- 
 come io excenive dear, tbat the common people, in many 
 places, were on the point of rifing; and, with thcfc melan- 
 choly accounts, there came orders to fliip confidcrable quan- 
 tities of wheat and flour, to relieve the nation from this dif- 
 ticls. Nay, thefe orders were fo prefrmg, that moll of them 
 had been already complied wiili, and fevcral vellels loaded 
 before the embargo took place. The merchants, and indeed 
 the whole body of the people of England, who fufl'ercd cqual- 
 1\-, if not more, by this prcpoflerous meafurc, than the Ame- 
 ricans, were proportionally difgulled and provoked by it ; 
 .Tnd complained of it in fuch bitter terms, and rcmonrtrated 
 againll it with fo much fpirit, rhat inflru^^:ions were imme- 
 diately font to the refpeclive governors of the IJritifh colonies 
 in North-America, never, for the future, to attempt laying 
 any embargo on Ihips bound from their ports to thofe of Great 
 Britain or Ireland. y 
 
 The 
 
 I. 
 
 S I 
 
 
 /' /' 
 
 ^■:^4t^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 A confidcrablcpanof the Englifli troops flationcd on the north- 
 ern frontiers of the Britiih lettlcments adjoining to Canada, and 
 in other parts, were now (h-awnto New- York, where a number 
 of rranlports were coUetTied together, and ordered to be in rca- 
 dineis to receive them. On the 6th of May, Sir Charles Ilardv, 
 governor of that place, hoifted his flag as rear-admiral of the 
 blue, on board the Nightingale of twenty guns ; the troops 
 expecting every day to embark, as the commander in chief 
 wailed only to hear of the fleet from England being arrived 
 at Halifax. During this flate of fufpencc, on the 2cth, tiierc 
 was a hoi prcfs at New- York, and four hundred men were 
 taken into the fervicc. Between the 22d and the 25th, the 
 troops were embarked, and ordered to Sandy-hook, where 
 the tranfports came to an anchor. On the 5th of June, Lord 
 Loudon followed, and embarked on board the Sutherland, 
 now commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Hardy ; deicr- 
 miricd, however, not to fail without further intelligence: for, 
 before he left New- York, he had learned from the prifoncrs 
 made on board fome French fliips brought into that port, that 
 ilicfc prizes were part of a fleet of French merchant-men, un- 
 der convoy of five Ihips of the line, defigned for Louilbourg, 
 from which they had not been a long while feparatcd. This 
 intelligence was confirmed by an exprefs from l>oilon, in- 
 forming him, That five French Ihips of the line, and a fri- 
 ;^ate, commanded by Monfieur de Bcuufrcmont, hud been icon 
 crniling oil Halifax, to intercept, it was thought. Sir Charles 
 Hardy's fleet ; but had retired, in confequcncc of tlie report 
 of a liilierman, that tlic I'.nglifJi had actually twenty lail ot 
 the line in the harbour of Halifax. This news, as far as ii 
 concerned the arrival of the fleet from England, being fallo, 
 it was higiily probable, that as foon iv, I\I. dc Beautrcniont 
 
 Ih;Hilil 
 
 87 
 
 1 1' 
 
 
 !;/ 
 
 ■J ■ 
 
I, 
 
 
 ■'rift ' 
 
 88 
 
 »7S7- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 {hoiild find it to be fo, he would return to hi3 flation. As 
 therefore Sir Charles Hardy was by no means a match for him, 
 Lord Loudon had no expedient left but to continue at anchor, 
 and difpatch two fliips of war to reconnoitre the coaft. Thcfc 
 fliips returning without being able to fee the enemy, or learn 
 uny thing about them, the licet was ordered to unmoor, and 
 failed from the Hook on the 20th, with inllru<5tions to rendez- 
 vous, in cafe of feparation, at Halifax. This armament con- 
 fifted of the Sutherland of 50 guns, the Nightingale of 30, the 
 Vulture of 14, the Ferret of 16, and about feventy tranfports, 
 having on board the sad, 42d, 44th and 48th regiments, 
 two battalions of Royal Americans, together with five com- 
 panies of rangers commanded by Captain Rogers. 
 
 Part of a battalion of Royal-Americans, about a thoufand 
 of the Pennfylvania, three hundred Maryland, and fix hundred 
 Virginia provincials, commanded by Colonel Stanwix, were 
 ordered for the protection of the wcftern frontiers ; and, in 
 Carolina, part of a battalion of Royal-Americans, commanded 
 by Colonel Bouquet, with three independent companies, and 
 (he colony troops, were to be employed for the fame purpofe. 
 The only force left to obferve and oppofc the vigilant and 
 aftive M. dc Montcalm on the frontiers of New- York, was the 
 garrifon of Fort William-Henry, commanded by Colonel Monro, 
 with an army of four thoufand men imder Colonel Webb to cover 
 it. lUu thougli Webb was well acquainied with all the motions 
 of M. dc Montcalm, he beheld them with an indiflcrence and 
 fecurity bordering on infatuation. In particular, he negleiTt- 
 ed to c< led the militii, which, when alTembled, would have 
 been fuflicient to oblige M. dc Montcalm to relinquifli a defign 
 he had formed, to renew the operations againll Fort William- 
 
 4 Henry, 
 
 i ^-4 
 
 '^ I 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Heniy, or at IcaH: would have rendered the execution of it 
 very doubtful and hazardous. At length, however, the ap- 
 pearance of M. dc Montcalm on the Lake, rouzed him from 
 his lethargy ; but filled him, at the fame time, with fuch ter- 
 rible apprehcnfions, that he determined to retire immediately 
 to Fort Edward. But he was prevailed on to Hay till the next 
 morning, when he marched oif early with a (Irong train of 
 artillery, leaving Colonel Monro, with about two thoufand 
 men, to defend the fort. 
 
 We muft now take leave of the Englifli for a fhort time, to 
 relate the proceedings of the French immediately prior and 
 fubfequent to the appearance of M. de Montcalm on the Lake. 
 No fooner had Lord Loudon put to fca, than M. de Montcalm 
 fcizcd on the fair opportunity thereby aflbrded him, of renew- 
 ing his favourite project: againfl: Fort William-Henry. Fie had 
 collected his forces at Ticonderoga, where, being joined by a 
 confulcrable body of Indians, his whole army amounted to about 
 eight thoufand men, well provided with artillery and (lores of 
 every kind in proportion to their numbers. He therefore loft 
 no time in putting his troops in motion, part by land, and 
 part in boats. Thofc who marched by land, were com- 
 manded by M. de Levi, and confided of fix companies of gre- 
 nadiers ; feven pickets,^ of fifty men each ; ten brigades of 
 Canadians, of four hundred men each ; another body of three 
 hunched Canadians, and icvcn or eight hundred Indians. 
 Tilde forces began their rout on tlic ^'jc.th of July. On the 
 i(l of Augud, the remainder embarked, and proceeded in the 
 following order : the artillery, tlic regiments of La Heine and 
 Languedoc, and one battalion of the marine, formed the firil 
 divilion, by way of an advanced guard ; the regiments of 
 Guicnne and La Sarrc followed; the boats, with the mortara, 
 
 N animuniiion 
 
 '9 
 
 »7S7- 
 
 1' 
 
 
 «i, 
 
 i..^ra. 
 
 ■if 
 
 \fA\h 
 
=1 
 
 90 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ammunition and other (lores, guarded by the regiment of 
 Royal lloufillon, and a corps of Canadians under M. de Rigaud, 
 formed a rear guard ; the whole under the command of M. 
 de Montcalm in perlon. At midnight they arrived at a bay 
 \vhich thehidians called Ganoulky bay ; where they found M, 
 de Levi in a very good lituation, either to favour their de- 
 barkation, or to receive an enemy. The next day, about noon, 
 M. de Levi began his marcli ; and the reft of the army, about 
 two hours after, proceeded in their bo-its, and at about ten in 
 the evening arrived in a bay very near the fort. Some French 
 favages perceiving two Englifli boats at a diftancc, and fear- 
 ing they might be difcovered by them, Guifenfick, chief of 
 the Abenakies, purfucd them with two canoes, and paddled 
 towards tlicm with fo much celerity, that one of the boats 
 furrendcrcd with little rdillance ; when all the men in it, 
 except two, were malfacrcd : the other efcaped. The pri- 
 foners made in that which was taken, informed M. de Mont- 
 calm, that the garrifon had difcovered his approach, and 
 intended to make a fortie of twelve hundred men to meet the 
 French in the woods. This news was agreeably received, as a 
 battle, he hoped, would fupcrfede the neceflity of a fiegc. The 
 ftate and pofition of the Englifh, of which till now the French 
 had not tlie lead idea, became likewife known to them by this 
 accident ; fo that, being no longer under any neceflity to fecrct 
 themfclves, part of their favages, in canoes, to the number 
 of one hundred and twenty, flood out into the Lake ; and 
 forming a chain from one fide to the other, gave their cry of 
 war. The army likewife began their march by land, M. de 
 Levi commanding the advanced guard, which was compofed 
 of all the favages left on fliore. As the refl of the army ap- 
 proached the fort, it formed into three columns, whilft the 
 
 favages 
 
 !i| 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 favages retired into the woods ; where difcovering a party 
 which liad been in fcarch of forae cattle, they (<x>n took forty 
 fcalps, and fifty head of cattle. The French fpent the 3d of 
 Auguft in reconnoitring the place and its environs, and creat- 
 ing fome batteries ; but their favages being impatient to begin 
 the attack on the fort before any cannon could be 
 mounted, M. de Montcalm, the next day, fent the Governor 
 the following fummons. 
 
 91 
 
 '757- 
 
 Ju^i/Jl 4th, 1757. 
 " I have this morning inverted your fort with a numerous 
 army, a fuperior artillery, and all the favages from the 
 upper parts of the country, the cruelty of whom a detach- 
 ment of your garrifon has fo lately experienced. I am obliged 
 in humanity to defire you to furrendcr your fort. I have it 
 yet in my power to reflrain the favages, and to oblige them to 
 obferve a capitulation, as none of them have been as yet 
 killed ; which it will not be in my power to do in other cir- 
 cumftances ; and your perfifting to defend your fort, can only 
 retard the lofs of it a few days, and mud infallibly cxpofe an 
 unhappy garrifon who can receive no fuccours confidcring 
 the precautions that I have taken. I demand a decifive an- 
 fwcr immediately, for which purpofe I have fent you the Sieur 
 Fonvivc, one of my aids-de-camp. You may give entire credit 
 to what he will inform you, as from mc. 
 
 I am, with refpccl, Sec. 
 
 Montcalm." 
 
 r».lj 
 
 This fummons was anfwered by Colonel Monro with that 
 fpirit which the importance of his charge required. He faitl, 
 he was determined to defend the fort till the lall extremity, 
 
 N 2 or 
 
 " ). . I 
 
 W 
 
 !!■ ' 
 
 ■ I . 
 
 ^^ 
 
i I 
 
 f ( 
 
 \i 
 
 \i •*: 
 
 !■ 
 
 jm I H 
 
 
 9a 
 
 >:57- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 or till, by the aflilLincc of Colonel Webb, M. dc Montcalm 
 
 Ihoulcl be compelled to retire. 
 
 This determined anfNVcr ferved only to accelerate the works 
 of the Irench.wlu) not meeting any oppofition from the quar- 
 ter whence they moll dreaded it, the army under Colonel 
 Weill), prolecutcd the liege with the utmoft vigour. In the 
 night between tlic 4ih and 5th, the trenches were fo far ad- 
 vanced, that on the 6th, at day-break, the fort was fainted 
 with ten pieces of cannon and one nine-inch mortar. This 
 gave the favages frelh fpirits, though they did not want any 
 increafe to be fuiliciently mifchievous. Numbers of them, 
 fkulking behind flumps of trees; and others, who with fome 
 Canadians had found means to hide thcmfelves in a garden 
 near the fort, kept a conflant fire on every tiling that appc;.rcd 
 on the ramparts, and continued it during the whole fiege. 
 
 The befieged, notwithftanding, condu(5led their defence with 
 the greateft fpirit and rcfolution. Neither the threats nor the 
 promifes of M. de Montcalm made any impreflion on them, 
 as long as they continued in a condition to defend thcmfelves, 
 or could reafonably hope for any afliftancc from Colonel 
 Vcbb. But the vanity of depending on liim was foon evinced 
 by the arrival of M. de Bougainville, with an intercepted 
 letter from Colonel Webb to Colonel Monro, which M. de Mont- 
 calm immediately fent him. This letter imported, that he 
 did not think it prudent to attempt a jundion with the Colo- 
 nel, or endeavour to aflift him, till he Ihould be reinforced by 
 the militia of the colonies; and therefore advifed him to make 
 the bcfl termn he could. Though every profpecft of relief 
 from Colonel Webb was now at an end, the garrifon ftill pcr- 
 a lifted 
 
 1^ 
 
 n. l 
 
 
 tt r ^m » I » -•' 
 
 •'i«45i 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fiflcd in a refolutc defence ; till having expended all their 
 bombs, and beginning to want ammunition, at the fame time 
 that the beficgers proportionally incrcafed their lire, and ad- 
 vanced their approaches acrofs a fwamp, fo as nearly to fur- 
 round the fort, Colonel Monro thouglu it would be only 
 thnnving away his men's lives to hold out any longer. He 
 tlKrcfore demanded to capitulate, and the following articles 
 were agreed upon : 
 
 O.ip'itiihuion granted to Lieutenant-Colonel Monro for his Britannic 
 Majcjly^s garrifm of Fort IVi I Ham-Henry y the intrencheJ camp 
 adjoining, and all their dependencies. 
 
 Art. I. The garrifon of Fort William-Henry, and the troops 
 which are in the intrenched camp, Ihall, after being 
 joined, march out with their arms, and the ufual honours 
 of war. 
 
 Art. II. The gate of the Fort fhall be delivered up to the 
 troops of his Moft Chriftian Majefty, and the intrenched 
 camp, immediately on the departure of the Briiifh troops. 
 
 Art. Ill, All the artillery, warlikc-ftorcs, provifions, and, in 
 general, every thing except the private cffeds of the officers 
 and foldiers, lliall, upon honour, be delivered up to the 
 troops of his Mofl Chriftian Majefty. Provided always, that 
 this article fhall extend to the Fort and the intrenchmcnts, 
 and their dependencies. 
 
 Art. IV. The garrifon of the Fort, the troops in the in- 
 trenchmcnts, and the dependencies of both, lliall not ferve 
 
 for 
 
 93 
 
 '7S7' 
 
 J 
 
 m 
 
 III '1 
 
 ^1 
 
 M\ 
 
 % \ 
 
 M. 
 
 hi 
 
i' 
 
 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
 f I I 
 
 
 ii < 
 
 t 
 
 
 I ^'1 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 for the fpacc of eighteen months, neither againft his Mod 
 Chriftian Majefty nor his allies. 
 
 Art. V. All the ofiicers and foldiers, Canadians, women and 
 favages, who have hccn made prifoners by land fmce the 
 commencement of the war in North-America, Ihall be de- 
 livered up in the fpace of three months at Carillon ; and, 
 according to the receipt which Ihall be given by the French 
 commanding ofiicers to whom they fliall be delivered, an 
 equal number of the garrifon of Fort William-llenry fliall 
 be capacitated to fcrvc, agreeable to the return given in by 
 the Englifh officer of the prifoners he has delivered. 
 
 Art. yi. An officer fliall be left as an hoflage till the return 
 of the detachment, which fliall be given for an efcort to 
 his Britannic Majefty's troops. 
 
 Art. VII. All the fick and wounded, that are not in a con- 
 dition to be tranfported to Fort Edward, fliall remain under 
 the protcdion of the Marquis de Montcalm, who will take 
 proper care of them, and return them as foonas recovered. 
 
 Art. VlII. There fliall be iffiied provifions for the fubfiffcncc 
 of the Britifli troops for this day and to-morrow only. 
 
 Art. IX. Tlie Marquis de Montcalm, being willing to flicw 
 Colonel Monro and the garrifon under his command, mar!; i 
 of eftccm, on account of their honourable defence, gives 
 them one piece of cannon, a fix-poundcr. 
 
 Done in the trenches before Fort William-Henrv, 
 <jth Augufl 1757. 
 
 George Monro. 
 
 Agreed 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Agreed to in the name of his Moft Chriftian Majcfty, agree- 
 able to the powers vcfted in me by the Marquis dc Vau- 
 drcuil, his Governor-General, and Licutcnani-Gcncral of 
 New-France. 
 
 Montcalm. 
 
 9T 
 
 >7S7 
 
 Notwithftanding this capitulation, the Indian chiefs infiftcd 
 on the performance of a previous agreement made with M. dc 
 Montcalm, who had promifcd them the plunder of the Eng- 
 lifli ; and, on M. dc Montcalm's rcfufmg to comply, they re- 
 foivcd to execute the agreement thcmfclvcs. Accordingly, 
 as foon as the garrifon had furrcndcred, tliey begin an aflliult 
 upon the men, killing and fcalping abont ten or a dozen of 
 them. The Colonels Monro and Young, with a great number, 
 found means to gain protc(5tion from the French ; and about 
 fix hundred more of the garrifon fled and cfcapcd to Fort- 
 Edward. The French Indians made flavcs of all the Englifli 
 Indians and negroes ; and the French dcmoliflictl the forr, de- 
 Ilioycd all the Englilh vcflTcls and boats upon the Lake, carried 
 ofT all the artillery and other warlike flores and baggage, one 
 hundred live oxen, and provifions for five thoiifand men for 
 fix months ; but without purfuing their fucceCs by any other 
 attempt. 
 
 That the French favages broke this capitulation, is uni- 
 vcrfally confeflcd ; and it has been faid, it was with the con- 
 fcnr and approbation of M. dc Montcalm: that a partisan 
 who led the French favages, gave the death halloo, when 
 the Englifli marched out of the Fort, to gratify the Indians 
 
 N 4 in 
 
 P . 
 
 iUi 
 
 
 ■!| 
 
 1 
 
 
96 
 
 *l 1;^'' 
 
 III 
 
 •.* ', i\ 
 
 ? ti 
 
 I., 
 
 i ' >; 
 ■I . ' 
 
 '757- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE. 
 
 in their lufl for blood and plunder. But the truth is, that 
 as foon as the horrid fccne commenced, M. dc Montcalm 
 exerted his utniofl endeavours to put a (lop to it. He laid 
 bare his own bofom, and bade them kill their father, but 
 fpare the Englifli, who were now under his protcftion ; he 
 even dcfued the Englilli to defend themfelvcs, and fire on 
 the favagcs ; but the Plnglilh were feizcd with fuch an un- 
 accountable flu per, tliat they fubmittcd to the tomahawk 
 without refulancc ; nor were M. dc Montcalm's officers idle 
 in tlic caufc of humanity; many of them were wounded 
 in endeavouring to rcfcuc the pcrfons of the Englifli from 
 the barbarous rage of the favagcs ; and, after they had got 
 ihcni into tlicir tents, Hood themfelvcs as centrics over theni 
 lor their prcfervation, till the fury of their favagc allies 
 had lubfulcd. Incidents of this kind arc almoll always cxag- 
 •'craicd in the recital ; for the imprcilions of fear are in 
 general too llubborn to yield to the clcarcll truths ; and die 
 prejudices tif weak minds arc iiot to be removed by the ef- 
 forts of rvalbn, which can operate on thofc alone who poflcfs 
 ir. llcncc it is, iIku ihe ear of credulity is {o often impofc<l 
 on bv the lalfi- rcprcfcntaiion of actions, which, when re- 
 Littd v.iih impartiality, are many times found defcrving die 
 highcll iipprobaiion. If it be alked, Why M. dc Montcalm 
 did not ni:ike ulc of his own troops to prevent thefc cruel- 
 ties r t!;c aniwer is obvious ; the Englifli were armed, and 
 fupcrior in number to the favagcs ; and were, befides, as 
 we b.ive alicaily laid, dellrcd by the French General to 
 di^icnd themfelvcs ; nay, even to lire on the Indians his 
 friends. Moreover, the balance of power in North-Amc- 
 6 rica, 
 
 , ^.-. >* ^« 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 rica, was now in the hands of the favagcs ; and however hu- 
 manity might urge M. de Montcalm to interfere with his whole 
 force, reafons of policy and duty to his country bade him 
 not hazard the confcquences that might attend fuch a ftep. 
 Though we cannot help fliuddering at the recollection of this 
 tragical event, yet candour requires we fhould fpeak of it as 
 we have done. Let not then the generofity of the Englifli, 
 when it can take place confiftent with truth, fufFcr an unde- 
 fervcd blot to remain and fully the reputation of a noble 
 enemy and an excellent foldier. 
 
 97 
 
 •757' 
 
 Having thus related the confcquences of the Earl of Lou- 
 don's taking fo many of the Englifh troops from this part of 
 North-America, it is now necelfary we fhould purfue the de- 
 tail of the cnterprize in which thefe troops were to be em- 
 ployed, as the fuccefs of it could fcarce fail to determine the 
 iilue of the war. 
 
 We have faid, that Lord Loudon failed from Sandy Hook 
 on the 20th o*^ June ; but wc did not obfcrve, that, as there 
 was fome rcal'on to apprehend he might meet in liis paflagc 
 with a French fleet fupcrior to that which carried liiiii, 
 cfpccially as there was no account of Admiral nolbornc, 
 it was rather trufting too much to chance to riCquc the lols 
 of fo confidcrablc a part of the troops as were to be em- 
 ployed in the expedition. The only cxcufc therefore, if any, 
 that can, with any propriety, be urged for fuch an hazard- 
 ous attempt, was the feafon being fo far advanced, and the 
 ncceflity there was of faving as much time as poHiblc for 
 the bufmcfs of the approaching campaign. 13c that as it will, 
 I'ortune fccmcd to intercft herfelf in conducting the arma- 
 
 O mcnt 
 
 r 
 
 
tl 
 
 "iv '^ 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 9» 
 
 HISTORY 01' THE 
 
 armament under liim to Halifax, where it arrived on the tliir- 
 tieth of June, and was augincnted by the following fea ami 
 land forces; ' ' i - 
 
 The Nottingham man of war 60 guns 
 
 The Arc-en-cicl 50 
 
 The Winchclfca 14, ' , 
 
 TheSuccefs ^P- 
 
 The Elphinghani ^^ 
 
 The Baltimore " " 'l5' ' 
 
 Tiic Jamaica 14 
 
 And thti Speedwell 12 
 
 * k, 
 
 A detachment of the fortieth, the forty-fifth, and the forty- 
 fcvcnth regiments, with a detachment of Royal Artiller)', 
 had been for fome time at Halifax. As foon as the troops 
 from New- York had landetl, the ground being uneven, ilie 
 men were employed in making a paratle for exercife, and a 
 garden to furnilh vegetables for the fiek and wounded, who 
 might be lent thither for their recovery, in cafe the intended 
 uitack againft Louiibourgfhould take place. 
 
 In the mean time, ioveral of the bell failing vefTels were 
 dil'parched, under able pilots, to look into Louilbourg harbour, 
 and make what difcoveries might be necellary ; and ibmc 
 f the Englidi licet were daily arriving, till, at length, by the 
 ninth of July, the whole armament was allembled. It con- 
 lillcd of the following ihips and regiments ; which were im- 
 mediately formed in the order in which we give them. 
 
 o 
 
 i 4 
 
 
 r 1 i i; 
 
 
 '1 
 
 1*^'' 
 
'I'd rrpc.it 
 l.;.nuli. 
 
 IluntcT 
 l.;iKj'iVV. 
 
 \.rtim- 
 
 liOlU'. 
 
 Ferret 
 Upton. 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 THE FLEET. 
 
 Ships of the Line, in Line of BatfJc. 
 
 C;ipt:iin 
 i Invincible 
 
 I 
 
 ( Siilhcrl.inJ 
 
 Tilbury 
 
 Noriiuiinbcrbiu 
 
 Newark 
 
 Orlbnl 
 I Sutherland 
 ^Centurion 
 
 fKottingham 
 I KcJ»ord 
 ■{ Grafton 
 Terrible 
 
 60 
 64 
 
 74 
 64 
 
 50 
 60 
 68 
 80 
 68 
 68 
 
 guns Capuin Parry 
 
 Anihcrll 
 
 This (.llvlfion com- 
 manded by Sir 
 
 Admiral of the 
 ]nuc. 
 
 Sir C. Hardy, Kcntlcy V C. Hardy, Rear 
 Sawyer 
 Falklnghamj 
 
 K:u'n<lry^ 
 Lord Colville 
 Ad. llolb^ Holbonic 
 
 M'Kcnzie I 
 
 •'raiui, Holbornc 
 Efqj Vicc-Adiui- 
 i.d of the Blue. 
 
 [^Defiance 
 
 54 Mantcllj 
 
 60 Marfliair 
 
 64 Fowke 
 
 _ . ■■Charles Holmes 
 
 68 C. nohnes, Cornwall > 
 
 „ ,,. Efq; Commodore. 
 
 74 . Coihns I ' 
 
 60 ' Eaird j 
 
 Fri^fites crJtred to lie off -with the Tranfports. 
 
 WinchcHea 
 
 Kenninglou 
 
 Furnace 
 
 Vulture 
 
 Hawk 
 
 Succcfs 
 
 Rah i more 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 20 
 20 
 
 Rous 
 
 Digs'* 
 
 Bradley 
 Oury 
 
 Men of war ordered to remain ot ILdifas, 
 L'arc en Ciel 
 W indfor 
 
 Nightingale Campbell 
 
 Speedwell bond 
 
 Grenada 
 (iibraltar's Prize 
 Harriot-packct-boat. 
 
 O 2 
 
 1 1 1 E 
 
 99 
 
 »7S7. 
 
 ,'.',' 
 
 ^1 'I Hi 
 
., , ^! 
 
 
 lOO 
 
 «757' 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 T H E A R M Y, 
 
 Divided into the foUoiving Brigades : 
 
 Fii-a brigade to be commanded by Major-General Hopfon. 
 Royal 
 
 Forty-fourth 
 Fifty-fifth 
 Twenty-eighth 
 
 Second brigade. Majcr-Gencral Abcrcombic. 
 Seventeenth 
 Forty-fixth 
 
 Second battalion of the fixtieth 
 Forty-fecond 
 
 Third brigade. Major-General Lord Charles Hay. 
 Twenty-fccond 
 Forty-eighth 
 
 Fourth battalion of the fixtieth 
 Forty-third 
 
 A corps de refcrvc, formed from the twcnty-fevcnth, for- 
 tieth, forty-fifth and forty-feventh regiments, to confift of 
 feven hundred men, to be commanded by Governor-Colo- 
 nel Lawrence. 
 
 And a detachment of three hundred and feventy men of the 
 Royal Artillery, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Wil- 
 liamfon. 
 
 So vaft an armament, in fo diflant a part of the world, filled tlic 
 fubjcc^s of Great Britain with the moft fanguine expedlations; 
 but tlie want of intelligence prevented the Admiral and the Ge- 
 neral from doing any thing to realize them. In the mean time, 
 
 A the 
 
 ' ( 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the farce of fliam battles and ficgcs was atflcd in the highefl de- 
 gree; in order, as it was faid, to perfedl the undifcipHncd 
 troops in the whole art of attack and defence. Whether the 
 General could have better employed his army or not, thele 
 mcafures were highly cenfured by fome as trifling away the 
 courage of the foUliers, and expending the wealth of the 
 nation, in mock engagements and planting of cabbages, when 
 they fliould have been ufefully employed in real attacks on the 
 enemies of their king and country. The extraordinary ardour of 
 Lord Charles Hay having made him much louder than others in 
 condemning LordLoudon's behaviouron this occafion, a council 
 of war was called to confider the tendency of his reflciftions ; and 
 the confequence was his being put under an arreft. At length, 
 froTU intelligence received by veflels that had been ordered to 
 keep on the look-out for that purpofe, it was determined to 
 profecute the intended cnterprizc ; and the troops were em- 
 barked the firft and fecond of Auguft, with orders to rendez- 
 vous at Gabarus bay, a little to the weftward of Louilbourg 
 harbour. But, on the fourth, before they could put to fea, it 
 was difcovered by a French pri/x fchooner, which, after a 
 chafe of feveral hours, had been taken on the banks of New- 
 foundland, that there was then acTiually in garrifon at Louif- 
 bourg three thoufand regulars, befidcs fome Indians, and the 
 Burghers who had taken up arms ; and, in the harbour, the 
 following formidable French fleet, which had arrived there fo 
 early as the month of June: For, on the fourth of that 
 month, M. Reveft arrived with 
 
 loi 
 
 Le Heftor 
 
 74 guns 
 
 L'Achille 
 
 64r 
 
 Le Vaillant 
 
 64 
 
 Le Sage 
 
 H 
 
 1757- 
 
 \ 
 
 U' 
 
 if I 'f '■■ 
 
 m 
 
 And 
 
 f ', 
 
 . ^i4''i 
 
Fv 
 
 lOJ 
 
 6 
 
 ■^ , i il 
 
 f :1 
 
 1757- 
 
 — — v~ 
 
 guns 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 And on the fifth M. Bcaufrcmont with the 
 L'Etonnnnt So 
 
 Lc Dctcnfcur 74 
 
 Le Diadcinc 74 
 
 L'hiflcxiblc 64 
 
 L'Evcillc H 
 
 And on the twcnty-nintli M. dc la Mothc with 
 Le Due dc Bourgogne 80 
 
 Le Forniiilable 
 
 «4 
 
 ].c Supcrbc 
 
 74 
 
 Lc Gloricux 
 
 74 
 
 Lc Hcios 
 
 74 
 
 Lc Daupliin Royal 
 
 70 
 
 Lc Bcllcqucux 
 
 64 
 
 Lc Cckbrc 
 
 64 
 
 Lc Bi/anc 
 
 64 
 
 FRIGATES. 
 
 La Brunc 36 
 
 Lc Bicnacquis 40 
 
 La Comctc 30 
 
 Lallcrmionc 26 
 
 La Fochinc 36 
 
 La Flcur dc lis 36 
 
 This intelligence produced a council of war, the rcfulf of 
 which was to recal the former orders to rendezvous at 
 Ciabarus bay, and even totally change the plan of the cam- 
 paign. 
 
 Accordingly, the royal and twenty-cightli regiments were 
 ordered to diCcmbark and encamp, all the other regiments ro- 
 niv.ining on board, with orders to fend for their heavy baggagc 
 
 and 
 
 isjEfclaS^v-**.-* M.^ ^ 
 
m 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 and the fick wliich they had left on fliorc The twenty- 
 fcvcnth, the forty-third, uiul the forty-fixih regiments, with a 
 (Ictrichment oF the royal aiiillcry, were to he in readinefs to 
 fail for the bay of Fundy under il\c command of Governor 
 l.av/rence ; and, wlien the objed of this detachment was ful- 
 filled, the twenty-fcvciuh were to go to BoRon, anrl fix com- 
 panies of the forty-third to AnnapoHs. 'i he other four Vvcre 
 togarriion Tort Edward about thirty-fix miles from ILilifax ; 
 ami the forty-lixtli I'ort Cumberland. Major General Hopfon 
 was left to command at Halifax, and die refl of ilic army was 
 to proceed with the earl of I/nulon to New- York, wliil.'l Ad- 
 miral Holborne was to crui/.e oil Louilbom-g, and warch tiic 
 mntions of the French llect in that harbour, in order, if pof- 
 fiblc, to bring them to an aift ion. 
 
 Thcfe refolutions were taken on the fixteenth of Aui^uft, 
 and, in purfuance of them, the whole iket foon got under 
 Avay, the Ihips Nvhich compofed it takini; their courCe ai^rce- 
 able to their feyeral delUnations. But they were fcarce fepa- 
 ratcd, when an exprefs arrived fr')ni Hii'don with dirj>atc!ic/j 
 to the earl of Loudon, informing him of tlie fate di" Fort 
 William-Iienry. A lignal tliercfore was made for tiie ileet to 
 lie to, and a council of war was immediately held on board 
 the Winchclfea ; in confequence of whicii, tlic ordei'-. of the 
 rwenty-feventh and forty-lixth regiments were altered ; tliefe 
 corps were now to accompany the carl of Loudon, and C'enc- 
 ral ITopfon was to replace them witli rh.^ twenty-eighth. Mat- 
 ters being tints fettled, ihe fevcral fquadrons made fail again 
 in the evening; Admiral Holborne for Lcmiibourg ; that v/irli 
 ford Loudon for New-York ; and rliat: with the reil of tiie 
 troops which had not been iclanded for the bay of Fundy. 
 
 1 On 
 
 ic 
 
 >757. 
 
 Hi 
 
 ! -^1 
 
 &: 
 
 ifv 
 
104 
 '757. 
 
 fi*' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 On the thirty-firft of Augiift, Lord Loudon anivcd with his 
 troops at New- York, where they were immediately put on board 
 i'lnall vclfcls, and fcnt to Albany. Fort Edward being now the 
 mod advanced poft of the Englifh, the garrifon was incrcafcd, 
 and the command of it given to Lieutenant-Colonel Haviland. 
 Lord Loudon likcwife repaired thither in perfon to give feme 
 directions about its defences, and afterwards returned to Al- 
 bany. Captain Rogers was then difpatched on a fcout to 
 Ticonderoga, with orders to make fome prifoners. Having 
 fucceeded, he returned with them to Fort Edward. The 
 account given by thefc prifoners was, that the garrifon of 
 Ticonderoga confided of about three hundred and fifty regu- 
 lars ; and that of Crown-Point of about one hundred and 
 fifty. The weakncfs of thefc pods naturally fuggcfled t)ie 
 propriety of liazarding an attempt on the firfl: by an cfcalade; 
 but, after many preparations for that purpofe, the project: was 
 abandoned. 
 
 The forty- third regiment, and the detachment of artillery, 
 conmiaiidcd by Governor Lawrence, arrived in Beau-Bajhu 
 about five miles from Fort Cumberland, on the twenty-fourth 
 of Auguft -, and, on the twcnty-fixth, was difcmbarkcd and 
 encamped. A detachment of the fortieth, forty-fifth, and 
 fortv-fcventh regiments, equal to a battalion, were already in 
 garrifon rlicrc, under the command of Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel Wilmot. On the thirtieth, the twenty-eighth regi- 
 ment arrived and encamped, Thefe troops were intended 
 for the protection of Fort Cumberland, and the circum- 
 jacent country. They were kept in confiant alarms by 
 Iniall parties of the French rangers, and were extremely 
 haralFed in conllruaing of lines, and othcrwife making 
 
 For: 
 
 I'l 
 
LATK WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lort Cumberland a rcfpcdablc llation. This work being com- 
 pleted by the eighth oi' October, the forty-third regiment was 
 ordered to embark their baggage; and the twenty-eighth to 
 remain in garrilnn with a company of rangers. On the four- 
 teenth of October, lix companies of the forty-third failed for 
 Annapolis Royal ; and the other four for Fort Edward, in order lo 
 relieve the garrifons of thcfe places, which failed for Halifax, 
 On the twenty-fifth, Governor Lawrence, who had touched at 
 Annapolis in his way from Tort Cumberland, iailed alfo for 
 Halifax with the detachment of the fortieth, forty-fifth, and 
 forty-feventh regiments, which he had brought with him 
 fioin Eort Cumberland. 
 
 The garrifons of Annapolis Royal and Eort Edward were 
 obliged to be alert ; for parties of the French kept continually 
 ikulking about in their neighbourhood. This, together with 
 the fevcrity of the feafon, and fometimes a fcareity of pro- 
 vifions, involved them in great dillrels. 
 
 lOj 
 
 •s: 
 
 ; ! *i 
 
 Nothing worthy of our attention attended the troops under 
 Colonel Stanwix, or thofe that were detached to the fouthward 
 under Liemenant-Coloncl Bouquet. 
 
 In the conduct of this campaign, Lord Loudon was ccn- 
 furcd for having ordered fo many of the regular troops iVom 
 the frontiers of New- York, and thereby leaving to cxtenlivc and 
 vaiuubic a part of that country, as well as the province itfell, 
 cxpofed to the infults of the enemy. But this conclufion is 
 h\ no means jull. lie was well warranted in drawing oil 
 ihcfc forces, by the fircngth of the garrifon of Eort Williani- 
 
 p llenr\, 
 
 I '1 
 
 
I« 
 
 
 < ' 
 
 vi' 
 
 1 •' 
 
 t!i^ 
 
 tl-li 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 io6 
 
 1/^ 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 ITcnvy, conuiun- oFa (k-t.ichmcnt of the tb/iity-fifth, and a l)ait:i- 
 li.MioftlK-UoyalAnicricaniCi^iincnt.cxdunvcot' the provincials; 
 ihc whole amouniing to two ihour.inti men. For thcfe troops, 
 witii tlie urniy under Colonel \^'cbh, and the militia which he 
 ought to have ullembled, were doubtlels llrong enough, if con- 
 dueled with proper rclolution, to oppofe and h-ullratc any dc- 
 liv;n^ of the Irench. A general indeed, (niglu not to be account- 
 able lor the behaviour ot- his luhordinatc oiUccrs ; but then, it ii 
 hir, duiv to take care that inch ar, arc appointed to particidar 
 commands under him, Ihould l>e men of approved coura-e 
 and abilities ; the retreat, or rather the flight, of Colonel 
 Vv'.bb, v.hen he hearil of the lofs of Ofwcgo, could not re- 
 commend him to the commander in chief as poflelled of 
 ciiher. 
 
 Though the deienlivc plans of the Englifli v/crc thus fliamc- 
 fully ncgleeled, and their ofTenfivc views againft I.ouilhourg 
 mifcar.ied, in ionic degree, it mull be owned, through an un- 
 toreiecn event, yet there was no occafion for perfilling in the 
 defign againll that place fo long as to be obliged to oniit 
 other operations. Minute intelligence is the fountain of 
 fuccefs. Without it, the meafurcs of a general mufl be con- 
 tinually cxpofed to ilic fport of chance. It had, no douhr, 
 been liighly cenfurable in Lord Loudon to have profecutcd 
 the intended enterpri/.e, without knowing fomewhat certain 
 of the Ih-cngth of the Irench ; but, furely, the proper flcps 
 Ihoulcl Ikuc been taiccn to attain that knowledge in time. 
 I Lid tins been done, tlvj council of war would have come 
 t.) the fame conclulions much earlier; and the troops, of 
 couvl'e, might have been back lime enough to favc Fort \ViI- 
 ll.i'.n-IIcnry. 
 
 Thus 
 
 r 
 
 Vt.^ 
 
I.ATE WAR IN AMF.nTCA. 
 
 Thiir, cndctl the third camp.iifjii hctwccn the EngHHi and 
 the ricncli in Nonh-Aincriia, in whieli the Enc^Hlli, notwith- 
 {landing their manifcll lupcriority over the Vreneh, left their 
 allie.^ cxpofed to tlie refcntnient of a cruel enemy, nm\ iuflcr- 
 t(l the inhahitants ot their baek-fettlenients to he niafliicrcd 
 ill their light, to the eternal reproaeh of thofe who directed 
 the Britifli anus in this part of the world, and not witlioiit 
 dilhonour to the llriiillx name. 
 
 Thotigh the unfortunate operations of the Kail of Loudon 
 in tlic Held did not, as we liavc already hinted, efcape the fe- 
 vcrity of ccnfurc, his abilities in council wore produJlivc of 
 fiich plans, as, in future, added greatly to the natural power 
 of the Britilli colonies in North-America, and rou/.cd them 
 into fuch an exertion of their llrength, as procured them al- 
 moil immediate fecurity. This happy condition was fo mucli 
 improved by a fuccecding commander, as to enable them, 
 widi the afliflancc of the mother-country, to fubdue the whole 
 power of Trance in that part of the world. 
 
 Whilfl. the fevcrity of the fcafon confined the rcfpciflivc 
 armies in their dillerent quarters, the fparks of war were kept 
 alive hv a few fcouting parlies, wiilioiu any material advan- 
 tage on either fide; and, in the mean time, a chanac in the 
 Englilli minilhv having produced the recal of tlie l.arl of 
 Loudon, the command of the Englilh forces ilcv(jlvc'd on 
 .Ma;or-C General Abercromhy. 
 
 I'lic l-.nglifli fleet, whilll cruizing o,T Louiilourg, v.m. fiir- 
 prlfed, on the .Jith of Septeniber, b.y a violent gale of wind, 
 iu which the v; hole of it Iiad nearly perilhed. The Tilbury 
 Nvas driven aihorc on the illand of Cape Breton ; ami two hun- 
 
 r 2 died 
 
 107 
 
 t;;;. 
 
 < — 
 
 v<". 
 
 
k8 history of the war in AMERICA. 
 
 1757. tired and twenty-live oi her hands were drowned. Tlie re- 
 mainder of her crew, amounting to one hundred and feventy- 
 five, were taken up by the Trench, and afterwards fcnt, under 
 a flag of truce, to Hahfax. The Newark drove into Hahfax, 
 after tlirowing eight of her guns overboard. Others were 
 obliged to do the lame, being, for the grcateft part, difmalleil. 
 hi this dilUefled fituation, Admiral Holbornc, with as many 
 ihips as he could collecl, made the bed of his way for England, 
 excepting only a fmall fquadron which he left at Halifax, under 
 the command of Lord Colville, to protcift the trade of the Lng- 
 lilli, and watch the motions of the I'rench in thofc fcas. 
 
 
 ^f 
 
 THE 
 

 CA. 
 
 Tlic re- 
 fcvcnty- 
 it, undci- 
 Halifax, 
 crs were 
 lifmaUcil. 
 as many 
 England, 
 "ax, undci' 
 ■ the ling- 
 cas. 
 
 ■>' 
 
 V<". 
 
 'I f, 
 
 M^ in< 
 
 \0 
 
 THE 
 
h\ 
 
 »r 
 
 j •' 
 
 i 
 
 ;|nil ^'^ 
 
 a. 
 
 
 ||H)i, , jimmJni ii m%.ll)Hffllim, , 
 
 •«*v 
 
 h 
 
 
 ■ i 
 
 f 
 
 '\ 
 
 I . 
 
 
 ) 
 
 Y 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 .11: 
 
I ;':' 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 I 
 
 Mr. Pit* vefumes the ex/yedition ngninjl Lonijlmurr. Procures Co- 
 
 loiml Amhctjl the commanJ of the army, and Admiral Bofcaivcn that 
 
 of the fleet defliued to attack that place. The Admiral fails from 
 
 England. General Awhcrjl meets him coming out of the harbour 
 
 of Halifax. Sea and land forces employed ogainfl Louijbourg. ■ 
 
 General Jmherjl's journal of the expedition. Louiflourg capitu- 
 
 Jctcs. /fdmiral Bofca'UKnCs letter to Mr. Pitt, ReflcfUons on 
 
 the fie '.^c of Louijhourg. Armament fent againjl the French Jettle- 
 
 incnts. General Amherfl reinforces General Abercromhy. Ope- 
 rations of the Engliflj ngainfl Ticonderoga, ivhich General Aber- 
 cromhy attach by afjault : — He mifcarries in the attempt. Colonel 
 
 Bnul/lreet takes Fort Frontinac. Importance of the conquefl. 
 
 Brigadier Forbes proceeds again ft Fort-du-^tefne. Colunel Stan- 
 
 ivix creels Fort Stanivix. General Amherjl appointed commander 
 
 in chief of the Briti/J} forces in North-America. 
 cromby and Wolfe return to England, 
 
 ■Generals Aber- 
 
 ' j'^HE plans of aiftion formed by tlic Knglifli miniflry 
 
 for the preceding campaign in North-America, were 
 
 fuch as could not be executed but at a very monitrous ex- 
 
 pcncc ; and therefore, their having been httlc more than 
 
 7 barely 
 
 
 
 
A; r,i,i- Hhii /i\fi 
 
 Attack on T.on SB()rH('.,tlu- FlKKT coinmaiuinl l>r tlu IL)n"."Ailm'li()s(uwnMlK AUMV 
 
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 iv/ir/i //i/ Efit^/i/' /y/rrii/'i/ 
 
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 WH'/io /Hi /ri ■/'•///// /its 
 
 S./t'>iii/:i if'Tioi/h-r /'ninm/ 11/ //,i///!i.\' /'I' //if /•^iKi/i/h 
 
 
 
 
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toSfUWtil.lLie AUMV byM'.\)t>l'(WMl! Am lit' ri I . /J/u^-rf/riJ/.'rrilfm/^- /////,>/r,/i/,,H:i/t ;,,r\ h/rni . lJit:jurAj.rTJu/,'/iiii.//\,/r,'(rr(,/>l>,'ri,'/N.>,''*L.\jfjxri\ 
 
 ) of CAPE BIIETQ]^ 
 
 Siulo III' Kut 
 
 9,L :^_: |i»iiiiiiMii!imiiiiimmy — f ^ 
 
 \'i>i> ;t(ii>fi jt>t'i> ,■>''<''' (I'ooc 
 
 /ooo •j(>i'(> ;t(ii>fi jiif'i 
 
 , > H' i. 
 
 
 
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 J MTV *^ t'l'"*' 
 
 «.;^"'v^. ^i '4- ) \V \ % 
 
 
 c ..1 
 
I / .' 
 
 ^ I 
 
 I . * 
 
 II- 11 1 ST n 11 Y n V Til F. 
 
 ':•'■• ImilIv aiicmptcd, ;^avc the pcoj^le of England the grcatcR 
 (lilgiiil. Thiy were, and r.or without icalon, tired witli fee- 
 ing;- tl^oi'c picixxrations end in an cinpty blaze, whieh Jicy 
 wt'ic nvulc to bt-lk'Ne mult terminate in the reduction of the 
 power and pride oi iranee ; and for whieh they had, aeeouj- 
 in^^ly, moll ehecrfully granted tlie minifiry all their exorbitant 
 (kniaiids. They were fl^oeked at the iight of fleets returning 
 to iheir harbours, and tlic news of armies retiriue to tlicir 
 Avinter-(iuarters, almoil without llriking a fmgle rtroke ; and 
 began to grow i'o elamorous, attributing aH^tlieir lofles and 
 difgraces to the want of honelh-, or i'pirit, or prudence, in 
 thofe aliout the throne, that the King of Great Britain thou^:;lu 
 it neceliiny to remove his minillers, and replace them with 
 men more agreeable to the bulk of his fubjetfls. Of ihi^ 
 number was again appointed ^h^ I'itt, one of the fecrerarie^ 
 of Hate; a poft, which, by every virtue and talent neceilaiv 
 lo till it worthily, became, in him, equivalent to that of prime 
 i-niniller. The refeuing, therefore, the loldiery from tlur 
 languor into which the dif]Mrited behaviour of their leaders 
 had thrown them, and the l.ngliih arms irom that dilhonor.r 
 which was the imhappy confecjuenee of both, I'eemed to de- 
 mand the firll exertion of lu.:, iupcrior abilities, in which tl;: 
 people had placed the mcfl unboimded confidence; and thi; 
 .conllilence he immediately jullilicd, by nieafures which i:;- 
 fjiired every department ar.tl every rank with new life, lie 
 rehmied the expedition a.; ainll Cipe Breton; anil, inforn.d 
 by late experience, that wi.dom aiul precaution in the cabir.ct 
 avail little without adequate conduel and refoiution in the 
 jield, he thought it high time to employ other oilicers in both 
 ilic military and naval fervice in Nonh-America. According- 
 
 IH 
 
 >t' 
 
 ,% 
 
 *»'. i 
 
LATE WATx IX AMERICA. 
 
 ly, li:i\ing obfcrvcd in Colonel Amiicill a Iblid judgmcnr, a 
 Ucady courage, and an active genius, he, without fear of olTcnd- 
 ingoiliers older in command, in a cafe where tlic honoiu- and 
 intcr.ll oi Ids country were deeply concerned, recommended 
 him To flrcnuoufly to the King, that he was thereupon rec 1- 
 cJ trom the fervice in Germany, promoied to tiic rank of 
 major-general, and appointed to c(Miunand the land-forces 
 (k'ihned for the attack of Louilbourg. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ■', r 
 
 N;ir was Mr. i'itt lefs guarded and alert in providing for 
 tlic fucccfs of the naval fervice in iliat part of the world. The 
 honourable I'dward Bofcawen was named to the conirn;uid 
 or a grand fleet to join in that atta': ; aru!, lo early as the 
 19th of iebruary, failed from rorthnou.n for Halifax inN'o\a- 
 Scotia, to be not onl)' in tb.e greater readincfs to act himfelf 
 in his own province, but make all the preparations he could 
 to enable General Amherll to proceed in his with the uimoll 
 vi;;our. With this view, he was provided with a commidion 
 that gave him the command even of the army, till it Ihoidd 
 be fupcrfeded by the arrival of General Andierll. 
 
 As the operations of the F.nglilli on the coiuineni were 
 once more to be directed againll Ticonrleroga and 1 ort dvi 
 (^lelhc, Captain Rogers, being appointed a major in America 
 only, and the corps of rangers imder his command being 
 augmented, was ordered to difcover the (Irength of the 
 French at the full ol thefe places. Accordingly, the Major 
 lilucd from I'ort Kdward, on this fervice, with ouv hundred 
 and fevcnty men, on the i cth of March ; but, on the ;,;ili, he 
 uncxpee^cdl;, fell in v. iih a party of- one hundred ircneh, ami 
 
 fix 
 
 > I 
 
I 12 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 i ; 
 
 fix huntlicd Indians. A Icvcrc aolion was the confcqucncc; 
 ill \v''iicii boili the IMajor and thoCc under liini did even 
 thing that couUl he expevlcd from good oOicers and foldicis, 
 kiUing ahout one hundred and filty of the ciicmy, and 
 wounchng as nv.uiy more ; though not witliout loiing- five '>t 
 hij oHicer;:, and ahout one hundred rank and file killed. The 
 enemy, therefore, Hill retaining their fuperiority in point o; 
 ihength, and leaving him, of courfe, but very little hopes 
 of fuceeeding better in a fecond attack, he thought it pu- 
 <ltnt to retreat. Lieutenant Pliilijis, and a few men, who 
 had fiurendcred, in this alfair, to the rrench hidians, in eun- 
 fetiuenec of a promife of protcdlion, were inhumanly tied up 
 lo trees, and cut to pieces. 
 
 f t 
 
 h 
 
 ■' i 
 
 W'e are now to return to Admiral Bofeawen and Gcnciv.i 
 Andierll, whole operations were not only fuperior in inip!;:- 
 ance, but prior in time, to thofe upon the continent. The 
 former, as has been already obfervcd, failed, from Porthnoiuh, 
 tor Halifax in Nova-Scotia, where all the forces, both of ll.i 
 and land, deftined againll Louilbourg, were to rendezvoii. 
 < )n ilic i6th of March, Cicncral Amhcrft embarked, at Pom- 
 mouth, on board the Dublin man of wai-. Captain I'odiuv , 
 but, in conl'equence of contrary winds, did not reach Halit.i\ 
 till tlie 28th of May; when Admiral IJofcawen, deHrous ot 
 iofing as little time as pollible, was coming out of the harbour 
 with his whole fleet, and all the land-forces which (ienenil 
 Amherll was to command ; the following troops having been 
 left alhore for the fafcty of the place, under Major Morri? 
 of the 35 th regiment. 
 
 Tlic 
 
 -T 
 
Liid General 
 r in import- 
 
 LATE 
 
 WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The 4:,cl regiment, 
 
 Kennedy's, - 659 rank and fde. 
 
 Ot the 33th, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Otway's, - - 39a 
 
 lit, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Royal, 
 
 29th, 
 45tli. 
 
 • 
 
 ; 
 
 Ilopibn's, 1 
 Warburton's, f '^ 
 
 47th, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Lafcelles's, ^ 
 
 fioth, 
 
 ad battalion 
 
 , Lawrence's, 104 
 
 78th, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I'razer's, - 201 
 
 II 
 
 Rank and fde, 1460 
 Oflicers, ferjeants, and drums, 146 
 
 1606 
 Royal Artillery, oflicers included, 54 
 
 Total, 1660 
 
 The fleet confifted of the following fliips : 
 SHirS OF THE LINE. 
 
 Kiime, 
 The Namur, 
 
 Roval William, So j ^:^'^^'''-^\^'''' <^''»^i-l" "^^'^b'- 
 
 t C.aptam Evans. 
 
 rrinccfs Amelia, 80 \ (;^^"^"^"''^^»-c I'lnlip Durell 
 ' 1 C.aptam Bray. 
 
 Terrible, - - 74 Captain Collins. 
 
 Northumberland, 70 
 
 Vanguard, 
 
 Orfiml, 
 liurforcl, - 
 SomcrCct, - 
 l.ancaUcr, - 
 
 Guns. ComtuanJcrs. 
 
 < Admiral BofVawen, commander in chief. 
 '''° I Captain liucklc. 
 
 - 70 
 
 - 70 
 
 - 70 
 
 Rt. Hon. Lord Colvillc. 
 
 - Swanton. 
 
 - Spry. 
 
 - Gambicr. 
 
 - Hughes. 
 
 - Hon. G. Edgccumb. 
 
 Q^ Dcvonfliirc, 
 
 i c 
 
 J 
 
 i^pS^"^^ 
 
•I 
 
 i li 
 
 if. 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Dcvon/liirc, - 66 
 Bedford, - - 64 
 Captain, - 64 
 Prince I'rcdcrick, 64 
 I'cmbrokc, - 60 
 Kingflon, - - 60 
 York, - - Cio 
 Prince or Orange, 60 
 Defiance, - 60 
 Nottingham, - 60 
 Centurion, - 54 
 Sutherland, - 50 
 
 Captain Gordon. 
 ■ — I'owkc. 
 ■ Amhcrft. 
 
 Man, 
 
 Sinicoc. 
 
 Parrv. 
 
 Pigot. 
 
 I'ergufon. 
 
 Haird. 
 
 Marniall. 
 
 Mantell. 
 
 Rous. 
 
 Juno, 
 
 Gramont, 
 
 Nightingale, 
 
 Hunter, 
 
 Diana, 
 
 FRIGATE 
 
 Shannon, 
 
 Kennington, 
 
 Scarborough, 
 
 Boreas, 
 
 Hind, 
 
 S. 
 
 Squirrel, 
 
 Hawk, 
 
 Trent, 
 
 Portmahon, 
 
 Beaver. 
 
 The iEtna and Lightening, firc-fliips ; and an armed vcild. 
 
 Tlic following troops compofed the army : 
 Tlic I ft, or Royal Regiment. The 48th, Webb's. 
 
 15th, Amhcrll's. 
 17 th, Forbcs'S. 
 a 2d, Whitmore's. 
 iSth, Bragg's. 
 40th, Hopfon's. 
 35 th, Ot way's. 
 /15th, Warburton'S. 
 47th, Lafccllcs's. 
 
 fSch, Anflruther's. 
 Goth, 2d batt. Monckton''. 
 60th, 3d batt. Lawrcncci. 
 78th, Frafcr's. 
 Royal Artillery, 324. 
 Rangers, 5-38. 
 Brigade of Engineers. 
 
 Genera' 
 
 
 r A 
 
I. ATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 General Amhcrft immediately went on board the Admiral's 
 Ihip, when the command of the army was delivered up to 
 hini) and it was then formed into the following brigades: 
 
 1 iifl brigade. Hrigadier-Gcncral Whitmorc. 
 Firll regiment, 
 lortieth, 3d battalion. 
 Sixtieth. 
 Forty-eigluh. 
 Twenty-fecond. 
 
 Second brigade. Brigadier-Ccncral Lawrence. 
 Twenty-eighth. 
 Fifty-eighth. 
 Seventy-eighth. 
 Forty-lifth. 
 Fifteenth. 
 
 Third brigade. Brigadicr-Gcncral Wolfe. 
 Seventeenth. 
 
 Forty-feventh, 2d battalion. 
 Sixtieth. 
 Thirty- fifth. 
 
 The above regiments made eleven thoufand fix hundred 
 men, of which nine thoufand nine hundred were fit for duty. 
 
 (\jloncl George Williamfon commanded the artillery, and 
 Colonel Hadide a brigade of engineers. Colonel IVlonckton 
 ^vas ordered on fliore, to fuperfcdc Major Morris, and com- 
 inund in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 The Admiral continued his voyage to the place of his defti- 
 nation, and arrived ofl' Cape Breton on the id of June, when 
 
 0^2 the 
 
 "5 
 1758. 
 
 
 :l', 
 
•1 
 
 !*■.. 
 
 it6 history of tit F. 
 
 '75^- the furcated part of the fleer came to an anchor in Gabaru5 
 bay. Here tlic General illlietl the following order: 
 
 " As the Ceneral's intentions arc to furpri/e the French, a 
 veil aft to attack them, lie depends upon the care and vi-;. 
 lance of the < llieer". ccnnnianding the tranfports, that his or- 
 ders be Uriclly complied wiiii. — The troops arc to be in tlk:: 
 l)oat;j by two o'clock cxacT,ly. No lights are to be ihewn n 
 any of th.e tranfport;', except fignals, after twelve o'clock at 
 niglu. Tiiere nuill be a profound filence throughout the 
 Avhole army; and, above all things, the fning of a finale 
 mull:et mull be avt.idcd. — The General is fuflicicntly con- 
 vinccil of the good difpofttion of the troops, by what he hai 
 already fecn. — I!e dLfnes they will not hu7./a, or make anv 
 noil'e at landing; but be attentive to the commands of their 
 oiiiicis: by which they will avoid confufion, and will no: 
 i'ail of fuccefs. 'Ihcir Oiiicers will lead ihem direcll)- to the 
 ciieniy." 
 
 Tlu: weather rendered the execution of ihefe orders impof- 
 fiblc till ihe 3th of June, when, the fea being lefs turbulent tlun 
 it had hitherto been llnce the arrival of the fleet, a fuccciVful 
 attempt was made for that purpofe. — lUit I cannot pretend to 
 give my readers a better detail of this allair, and of the opera- 
 tions that iir.mcdiaicly preceded and followed the landing of 
 the troops, from thj juni.T.ion of the Admiral and General, to 
 tl'.e lurreiulvr of Louilbourg, than wb.at they themfelves gave 
 m their rcfpeelive letters to the fecretary of llare ; cfpecially 
 a, that of the General was fo much ajiprovcd, that it produced 
 commands to him to tranfmit tlic operations of any army l.c 
 might again command, in the fame kind of detail, as bcin.i: 
 
 ihc 
 
 I 
 
 |» W' 
 
 ■,.. -P*! 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the bed mctliod of convcyin^c^ a true and explicit idea of mili- 
 tary operations. The General's journal of this important 
 
 allair is as follows : 
 
 "7 
 
 175S. 
 
 " On the 28th of May, I hail the good fortune to meet Ad- 
 miral Bofcawen, with the licet and the troops, comin^^ out of 
 the harbour of Halifax. 
 
 " The 29th, we had fme weather ; tlic fliips kept well toge- 
 ther; the whole eonniled of one hundred and lihy-feven fail. 
 The Dublin went very liekly into Halifax. 
 
 " The 30th, the wind blew hard in the afternoon: the fliips 
 wax greatly dilpcrfed. 
 
 '• The 3 ill, the wind fometimcs contrary, obliged us to 
 tack ; and it blew frelh. 
 
 " The ill of June, Captain Rous, in the Sutherland, came 
 from oil" the harbour of Louilbourg : he faid. That two (hips- 
 had got in on the 3cih of May; and thit there were thirteen 
 fail in the harbour. We faw the entrance of Gabarus at ni.iht. 
 
 " The 2(1, it was foggy in the morning ; aboiu twelve wc 
 faw Louiibourg and the (hips in the harboin-. The lleet, with 
 about a third of the troops, anchoreil in Gabarus bay. This 
 evening, with Brigadier-Generals Lawrence and Wolfe, I re- 
 connoitred the fho;;e as near as we could, and ma<le a diipo- 
 f:tion for landing in three places, the next morning, in cafe 
 that the troops ihould arrive. 
 
 " The enemy had a chain of pods from Cape N'oir to tiic 
 tlat Point; and (bmc irregulars, from thence to the bottom 
 '.'I die bay ; ibme works had been thrown up ac the phices 
 
 which 
 
 i!i 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 ii. iiiii|ip.!f''*'^*'''"'''''ii'''t>ijwiiit„ 
 
■^ 
 
 UP. ^ 
 
 t I 
 
 ijs iiisToiiY or Tin: 
 
 tjs''. Tvhich appeal cil pi-a<flitMblc to land at j and there were fonic 
 bnttcricj. 
 
 •• On the ;cl, moll: of the tranfporo arrived, and all pre- 
 pared for landing; but the liirf on the Ihore was It) great, 
 that this delign was .liereby rendered inipollible. As one bay 
 was found to have lei's lurf than the others, a dirpolltion was 
 made to land, the next morning, in one plate inllead of three. 
 
 " The ^ih, the wind and fiu-f was lb higli, that Admiial 
 Eofcawen faid it was impraef ieable to land. 
 
 '• 1 he "jth, a great fwell and fog in the morning; and die 
 Admiral Hill deelared it impraetieable to land. 
 
 " '1 he 6tb, an appearance of a change of the weather .■ tlio 
 llgnal was made to prepare to land ; but the tog came oa 
 again, and the fwell increafed during the time the men were 
 getting into the boats ; ami the Admiral again deelared it ini- 
 praclieable to land. 1 ordered the troops on board their rc- 
 fpcvlive fliips ; ihft acquainting them with the rcafon I'oi lo 
 doing. 
 
 " The 71I1, the wcatlicr was bad in the morning; in the af- 
 ternoon, the 1\vl!1 rather deercafed, and gave us great hopci 
 of landing at d ly-brcak tlie next morning; for which orders 
 were given ; and Hragg's regiment, who were in a ninnl)er()t 
 Hoops, to fail under convoy, by the mouth t .'" the harbour, 
 to Lorcmbec ; fending at the lame time a pn^portion of artil- 
 lery dellined for the Light-houfe Point, with orders to make 
 all the ll.ow they could of landing; but not t(j land till fur- 
 ther orders, intending to draw the cnemy'.j attention on tliit 
 iide. 
 
 '* Prom 
 
 I '• 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 •» From the ad to tliis time, the enemy lias been reinforcing 
 their polls, adding to tlieir works, cannonachng and tlirow- 
 ing (hells at the Ihips, and making all the preparations they 
 can to oppofc our landing. Seven tranfport;; were now mil- 
 ling, with troops on board, tiiree of which came in at niglit. 
 
 «* Op the Rth, tiic troops were alli'mbled in the boats, Ik-- 
 forc break of day, in three divilions ; and Clommodore Durell 
 liaving viewed the coaft, and given his opinion the troops 
 miglu land, without danger from the I'urf, the Kcnnington 
 and Halifax fnow bc^^an the fire, on the left; followed by 
 the Grammont, Diana, and Shannon frigates, in the center ; 
 and the Sutherhxnd and Scjuirrel, upon the right. When the fire 
 had continued about a ([uarter of an liour, the boats upon the 
 left rowed in to the fliore, under the command of IJrigadier- 
 Gcncral Wolfe, whofe detachment was compofed of the four el- 
 ded companies of grenadiers, followed by the light infantry 
 (a corps of five hundred and fifty men, chofen as markfmcn 
 from the difTerent regiments, commanded by Major Scott) ; 
 and the companies of rangers, fupported by the Highland 
 regiment; and thofe, by the eiglit remaining companies of 
 grenadiers. 
 
 " The divifion on the right, under the command of Brig.i- 
 dicr-Cieneral Whitmore, confiltcd of the Ro)al, I.arccliea"?, 
 Monckton's, lorbes's, .Anflruther's, and Webb's ; and rowed 
 to our right, by the White-Point, as if intending to iorce a 
 landing there. 
 
 " The ccnter-divifion, ur>der tlie command of IJrigadier- 
 Gcncral Lawrence, was formed of AiuherlVs, Hoplon'ti, Ot- 
 way's, Whitmore's, Lawrence's, and V. arburton's ; and made, 
 
 3 at: 
 
 i 1 1 
 
 
 A , 
 
rli;ll 
 
 T ^1 
 
 i ■ « 
 
 i 
 
 ) 
 
 1 1 I S T O I\ Y OF T H E 
 
 ar tlic f.imc time, a Ihow of landing at the Frcfli-water Cove 
 This (hew the enemy's attention to every part, and prevented 
 tlicir troops polled along the coafls from joining thofe on 
 
 tlvjir ii:;ht. 
 
 " The enemy acled very wifely ; did not throw away a fliot 
 till tlic hoats were near in Ihore, and then dirc^ed the whole 
 ihe of their cannon and muiketry upon them. The furf was 
 fo great, that a place conld hardly be found to get a boat on 
 Ihore. NotwithllandinjT; the fire of the enemv, and the vio- 
 Icncc of the liirf, Brigadier ^\'olfe purfued his point, and 
 landed Jul! at the left of the Cove, took port, attacked the ene- 
 my, and forced them to retreat. Many boats ovcrfet, fevcral 
 broke to pieces, and all the men jumped into the water to get 
 on fliore. 
 
 " As foon as the left divifion was landed, the firfl dctach- 
 iiicnt of tl-.c center rowed to the left like wife, and followed; 
 then the remainder of the ccnter-divifion, as fad as the boats 
 could fetch them from the fliips ; and the right divifion fol- 
 lowed the center, in like manner. 
 
 " It took up a great deal of time to land the troops ; the ene- 
 my's retreat, or rather fiiglu, was through the roughell and 
 word groimd I ever law ; and the pinfuit ended in a cannon- 
 ading from the tov.n, v. liiih was I'o far of ufe, that it pointed 
 oiit hov.' near I could encamp to invell it. 
 
 " The lofs of his Majefiy's troops at landing, ir.. Captain 
 raillie and I.iciuenant Ciuhhert, oi' the Highland regiment, 
 Lieutenant NicholFon of mine, four ferjeants, one corporal, 
 and tlv.rty-cight men killed; iv/enty-one were of my regi- 
 
 mcnr, 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 mcnt (the grenadiers), of wliich eight were flior, and the 
 red drowned in trying to get on lliorc; five Hcutenants, two 
 lerjcants, one corporal, and fit'ty-onc men were wounded ; 
 and of the five companies of rangers, one enfign and three 
 private men killed, one wounded, and one mifling. 
 
 " On the enemy's fide, two captains of grenadiers, and two 
 lieutenants, arc prifoners ; one oflicer killed, and an Indian 
 chief; levcral men killed ; and, I imagine, about fcvcnty 
 men taken prifoners. They were lent on hoard as fail as pof- 
 fible. By fonie of the prifoners I had intelligence, that I\I. 
 St. Julien commanded in the Cove ; that there were five bat- 
 talions in the town, namely, liourgogne, Artois, Royal Ma- 
 rine, Cambife, and Volontaires Etrangers, with about fcven 
 hundred Canadians. The three firfl regiments wintered in 
 Louilbourg; Volontaires Etrangers came there, not long fincc, 
 with part of the fleet; and Cambile, the night before we 
 huidcd. 
 
 " We took from the enemy three twenty-foiu' pounders, 
 ami liven fix-pounders, two mortars, and fourteen fwivels ; 
 ;dl which were placed along the lliore to prevent our land- 
 ing; likewilc fome ammunition, fomc tools, and Uores of all 
 kinds. 
 
 " The 9th, Licutenant-Gcneral Bragg's regiment returned, 
 in their floops, from Lorembec. The weather continued ex- 
 tremely bad, and the furf fo great, that we could get only 
 lOmc of our tents on fhore in the afternoon. 
 
 > '11^ 
 
 " The loth, the furf itill continued, and it was wi:h great 
 liilicuhy that we got any Jiing on Ihorc. 
 
 R 
 
 'J 'Ik- 
 
 iV"i 
 
""^V" 
 
 izc 
 
 I'M W 
 
 ¥ 
 
 PII STORY OF THE 
 
 ♦' The nth, the weather grew clear and better, and the light 
 llx-pounders only were now landed, and Ibmc anillcry-floics 
 with thcni. 
 
 " On the 1 2th, from the intelligence I had received, that the 
 enemy had dellroycd the grand battery, and called in their 
 oiit-poRs, 1 detached Brigadier Wolfe, with twelve hundred 
 men, four companies of grenadiers, tlu'cc companies of ran- 
 gers, and fomc light infantry, round the north-call harbour, 
 to the Light-houic i'oint, w'nh an intention to lilcncc the 
 idand-baitery, and, at the fame rime, to attempt to dcftroy 
 the Ihips in tlie harbour ; fending, likewife, by fea, the pro- 
 portion of artillery, ammunition and tools, that had been 
 ordered for this fervicc. 
 
 " I received, this day, a report from Brigadier Wolfe, that 
 he had taken pofleflion of the Light-houle Point, and all the 
 polls on that iidc the harbour, which the enemy had aban- 
 doned, leaving feveral cannon, wiiich were rendered ufelcls, 
 and a great quantity of filh at Loreinbec. The weather 
 continued extremely bad, but wc got fome tools on fliore 
 this night; fo that, on the 13th, wc began to make a com- 
 munication from the right to the left, in front of the camp; 
 and I ordered tlnce redoubts on the moft advantageous 
 ground in the front. A party of the enemy came out, tliis 
 day, towards our camp, but were foon beat back by the liglit 
 intantry, before two picciucts could well get up to their adill- 
 anee. Wc worked at three redoubts in front all night. 
 
 " The 14th, the enemy cannonatled us great part of the 
 day. The furf Hill continued I'o Iiigh, tliai it was with the 
 gieatell diiliculty we coukl land any thing. Tiie fleet under 
 
 the 
 
 i'l^ 
 
LATE WAR TN AMERICA. 
 
 the command of Sir Charles Hardy, wliich appeared yeilcr- 
 day for the lii-ft time, Was, in the night, blown oil' to fca. 
 
 " The 15th, I font four more mortars, in a Hoop, to the 
 I.ight-houfej but wc could not get any artillery landed on 
 this fliorc. At night, two dcfertcrs from the Volontaires 
 I'.tiangers came in, and faid, they had five killed and forty 
 wounded in the fkirmifli on the 13th. 
 
 " The i6tli, the firfl. fine weather, we landed twelve davs 
 provifion, and got many things afhore ; but could not yei 
 land any artillery. 
 
 " The 17th, I got Colonel Baflidc on horfeback, and, widi 
 Colonel Williamfon and Major Mackcllar, we reconnoitred the 
 ■whole ground, as far as we could ; and Colonel BaUide was 
 determined in his opinion of making approaches by the 
 Green-hill, and of confining the dellru^lion of the fliips in 
 the harbour to the Light-houfe Point, and the batteries on 
 that fide. 1 added two y'-inch mortars, and three royals, 
 to the Light-houfe battci 
 
 " The 18th, we had fine .v^cathcr. Some Indians took 
 three of the tranfports men at the bottom of Gabarus bay, 
 who landed there contrary to orders. The road for the artil- 
 lery was puflicd on as fad as pollible. We got three twcnty- 
 four-pounders on fliorc, though the furf was great the begin- 
 ning of the day. 
 
 " The 19th, the batteries of the Light-houfe were intended 
 
 to have been opened this night; but could not be got ready io 
 
 oon. L'Echo, a l-rench frigate of thirty-two guns, wai 
 
 brought in to-day. She had got out of the harbour the i^rli, 
 
 11 z at 
 
 1:^3 
 
 % 
 
 1 1 
 
 ■■,/i 
 
 
\' 
 
 ni 
 
 I, If 
 
 
 I,' 
 
 W nS 
 
 I ^ 
 
 (J ifi* 
 
 '. I. 
 
 12 + 
 
 .75S. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 at niglit, and was bound to Qiicbcc. By her wc have intel- 
 ligence, that the Bizarre got out the day wc landed, and the 
 Comcttc, lincc our arrival olV the harbour. 
 
 " The 2cth, the illand battery and fliips fired at the batte- 
 ries on the fliore, who began their fire this lafl: night. The 
 enemy burnt an old fliip at the bottom of the harbour. 
 
 ♦• The 21 ft, very bad weather, and the furf high. The ene- 
 my dil'eovered us making the road for the artillery, and can- 
 nonaded us ; threw fomc fhot into the left of the camp, but 
 did not oblige me to decamp any part. An advanced redoubt, 
 towards Greenhill, was thrown up this night. 
 
 " The 2:d, the bad weather continued; we were employed 
 on the roads, and getting up a block-houfc on the left, by the 
 miry road, to fecure tlie communication to the north-cad 
 harbour and light-houfc, and to hinder any parties from go- 
 ing into the town. 
 
 " The 23d, the Admiral aifured me there were above one 
 hundred boats loft in landing the troops and provifiouc. This 
 day, 'Ine weather ; and we now have, on fliore, twcbc 
 twcnty-foiu- pounders, and fix fix-poimders. The enemy fired 
 a great deal from tlicir Ihipping and ifland-battery ; and they 
 threw iomc fliot into the left of tlie camp. Colonel Meflervey, 
 und moll of his carpenters, taken ill of the fmall-pox, which 
 is a very great lofs to the army. Gabions and fafcines arc 
 landed, and carried forward as fall as pollible, to make an 
 cpaulmeut to Greenhill. The batteries at tlie Light-houfc 
 fire with fucccfs againll the ifiand-battery, and, I hope, will 
 filence it. 
 
 Un 
 
 
 , •- _» _ — -^=- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 *' On the «4th, the enemy iircd on the Hght-lioufc batteries 
 tiom the town and fliipping ; and, on our advanced redoubt, 
 which was iinilhcd, tlicy iired from the town. We had tliis dav, 
 in the park of artillery, thirteen twenty-four-pounders and 
 Icvcn twelve-pounders. 
 
 " On the 25i\\, ^hc cannonading continued night and day ; 
 ill the evening, the ifland-battery was fdenced : their own fire 
 h;ul helped to break down part of their works. Fafcines and 
 gabions were forwarded to Greenhill as fart as pollible ; all 
 ihc men employed at work, and making the necellary com- 
 nmnic uions. The enemy fired a good deal at ouv advanced 
 redoubt. 
 
 " On the 2G1I1, a fmall alarm on tlic left, of a party tliac 
 had advanced from the town, and got up to the Bloek-houfe, 
 which was not quite finiflied. They had with them a barrel 
 of pitch, to fet it on fire. The guard on it was not I'uilicient 
 to oppofe a large party ; but a detachment was fent out I'o 
 quick, that they were forced to retreat wit horn clIeiTting their 
 dcfign, though two of the men had been in the Block-houfe j 
 and thcv were drove back into the town very fad. 
 
 " Three hundred pioneers ordered to Greenhill. Admiral 
 Bofcawen landed two hundred marines, and took the poll at 
 Kcnuington Gove, which is a great eal'e to the army. I defireil 
 of the Admiral four thirty-two-pounders, and two twenty-four- 
 pounders, to leave at thel.ight-houfc, to keep the illand-battery 
 in ruin ; that, with a proper number of men intrenched there, 
 Brigadier Wolfe, with his detachment, niigiu be able to conic 
 round the harbour, bringing his artillery with him, and to 
 try to dcftroy the Shipping, and to advance towards the wcil- 
 gatc. 
 
 " On 
 
 125 
 
 1758. 
 y — . — t 
 
 I I 
 
 
 its J 
 
 ■■'<• 
 
■SME 
 
 V^J 
 
 i \ 
 
 I 
 
 ,7;P. 
 
 II I S V O R Y OV T H f: ■ 
 
 " On the lyth, one brafs twenty- four-poundcr vas loll in 
 twelve t.uhoni water, by Hipping olV the catamar in, as tiny 
 were coming tVom the Ihip to land ir. The can'^on I alkcd 
 ot the Admiral were, this night, landed at the I-v ht-houlc. 
 
 " On the 2Sth, many popping ihots and cannonad- 
 ing. As the poll at Grcenhill was covered, u began the 
 road over the bog, by throwing up an epaulnieiii. Colonel 
 Mallervey and his fon both died this day ; and, u\' his com- 
 pany of carpenters, of one hundred and eiglit men, all, but 
 lixtecn, who are ninfes to the lick, are ill with the imall-pox. 
 This is particularly unlucky at this time. 
 
 " On tlic -'jth, cannonading coiuinucd ; a frigate fired con- 
 Aantly at the cpaulment. Wc perfcvcrcd in working at the road, 
 which coft a great deal of labour. At night, the enemy funk 
 four fliij-.s in the harbour's moiuh -. the Apollo, with two 
 decks ; I.a l-idellc, of thirty-fix guns ; La Clicvre and la 
 Bichc, of fixteen gims each ; and they cut ofl" moll of their 
 marts. Remain in the harbour, five of the line of battle, and 
 a frigate of thirty-fix guns. 
 
 " The .".oth, at night, fome firing at Kennington Cove; 
 the marines thought they faw Indians. The frigate fired all 
 night at the cpaulment, as the men worked in the night-time. 
 
 " The ill of July, the enemy crept out, in the morning, to 
 get fome old palifades and wood. Brigadier Wolfe, and 
 Major Scot's light infantry, puflxed them in witu a very brilk 
 fire ; and the brigadier took poll on the hills, from whcntc 
 it was intended to try to dcmolilh the fliipping : we marched 
 forward on the right j iorccd the enemy back to Cape Noir, 
 with a fmart lire. 
 
 " The 
 
 ^i 
 
 
 \) 
 
 -*- r 
 
 "• V. :>^ 
 
LATE WAR TN AMERICA. 
 
 " The 2cl, the epaulmcnt and road went on heavily, from 
 the extreme badncfs of the ground. The enemy continued 
 tlitir cannonading, and threw fome fliells ; we fkinniflied all 
 (lay with parties out of the town. 
 
 " The 3d, a great cannonading from tlic town and fliip- 
 pinp;, on the batteries. IJrigadier Wolfe was making an ad- 
 vanced work on the right, thrown up at fix hundred and fifty 
 vaids from tlic covered way, with an intention of erecfting a 
 battery to deflroy the defences of tlic place, as the falling of 
 the groimd, from this place, towards the works, would hin- 
 der our difcovering as much of tiic works as would be nccef- 
 iuy to do them any conliderable damage. In the evening, 
 the I'ea-ollicers imagined, that fome of the fliips would try to 
 gci out of the harbour. The batteries on the left imme- 
 diately played on them; but it grew fo dark, they could not 
 continue. 
 
 " Tl.c 4:!., .1 great fog: when there were glares of light, 
 the cannonading began. Five hundred men were kept con- 
 tinually making of fafcines. 
 
 " The 5th, very bad weather. The epaulmcnt was haflen- 
 cd on as much as poflible ; it fwallowcd up an immenfe num- 
 ber oF fafcines, and coft fome men, as the frigate cannonaded 
 '.I without ceafing. 
 
 " The 6th, a floop failed out of the harbour, with a flag of 
 truce, to Sir (-harles Hardy, to carry fome things to their 
 wounded ollieers and prifoners. 
 
 " The many difliculties of landiirg every thing in almofl a 
 continual furf, making of roads, draining and palling of 
 
 bogs, 
 8 
 
 127 
 
 1753. 
 
 1 ■(« 
 
 1 1 
 
 K'l 
 
 ti 
 
mui^ 
 
 \U 
 
 iv3 HISTORY or THE 
 
 i-'sS- _ 1k\ci;.^, and putting ourfclvcs under cover, render our approach 
 to tlie pKace much longer ilun I could widi. 
 
 " On the 7th, \vc had very foggy wcatlier ; the cannonading 
 Loniinucd all da}', with many popping Ihots, from the ad- 
 vanced polls. 
 
 " The 8th, I intended an attack on fomc advanced polls at 
 Cape Noir ; but it did not take place. Colonel Hallidc got a con- 
 tulion by a muiket-ball on his boot, which laid lum up in 
 the gout. 
 
 " The 9th, in the night, the enemy made a fally, where 
 l^rigadier Lawrence commaniled ; they came from Cape Noir, 
 and, though drunk, I am afraid they rather furpril'ed a com- 
 l)any of grenadiers of I'orbes's, commanded by Lord Dundonalil, 
 who were polled in a fmall work on the right. Major Murray, 
 \\ho commanded three companies of grenadiers, immediately 
 detached one, and drove the enemy back very cafily. Whit- 
 morc's and Bragg's grenadiers behaved very well on this occa- 
 fion ; Lord Dundonald was killed ; Lieutenant Tew wounded, 
 and taken prifoner ; Captain Hontein, of the engineers, taken 
 prifoner ; and one corporal, and three men were killed ; one fer- 
 jeant and eleven men are miiling; and feventeen men wound- 
 ed. The lUlly was of five pic(iuets, fupported by fix hundred 
 men. A Captain, Chevalier de Chauvelin, was killed ; a lieu- 
 tenant wounded, anil taken prifoner ; feventeen men killed; 
 four wounded, and brought ofT prifoners ; befides what wound- 
 ed they carried into the town, one of whom, a captain, dici! 
 innnediately. 'Ihe enemy fent out a flag of truce to bury 
 their dead ; which when over, the cannonading began a;vuii. 
 The frigate was lb hint, Ihe hatded clofe to the town; the 
 jhips fired very much againd Brigadier Wolfe's batteries. 
 
 '• The 
 
 ' ) 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 •"!) 
 
 " Tlic loth, the road, at the cpauhticnr, went on a little '75^' 
 better. 
 
 " The nth, a tHraggoncr was taken ofT by fonic Indians, be- 
 tween the Block-houfc and the left of the norih-call harbour. 
 
 •* The lath, it rained very hard all night; wc made an ad- 
 vanced work to Grcenhill ; at night, the waggoner, who had 
 been taken, luckily made his cfcape, and faid, they were two 
 bundrcd and fifty Canadians. The citadel baftion fired very 
 
 Imartly. 
 
 •' The 13th, the enemy threw a great many fliellr. ; we pcr- 
 fcdted our works, as faft as we could; bad rainy weather ; the 
 enemy was at work at Cape Noir to hinder our taking poll 
 near that point, which is of no confequcncc ; fomc dclertcrs 
 came in, anr' faid a floop from iMiray got in, three days ago. 
 
 " The 14th, the batteries were traced out, lafl nighr, witli an 
 intention to place twenty twenty ftjur pounders, divided into 
 four different batteries, to deftroy the defences ; and a battery 
 of fcvcn mortars, with fomc twelvc-jwunders to ricocliet the 
 vorks and the towTi. 
 
 "The 15th, the cannonading and firing continued ; the ene- 
 my tried to throw fome fhclls into our camp, fuppofed to be 
 intended againfi our powder magazine ; at ten at night, the 
 light-houfe batteiy fired fomc rockets, as a fignal of Ihips fail- 
 ing out of the harbour. Sir Charles Hardy anfwcred it ; a 
 frigate got out, and Sir Charles Hardy's fleet got under fall 
 and went to fca. Before day-break, Captain Sutlierland, poil- 
 til at the end of the north-eall harbour, wa; attacket!, .ind 
 'here was a great deal of firinp; ; the givnuliers of Jhigadicr 
 
 S Wolfe's 
 
 -h 
 
 I 
 
t 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Wolfe's corps marched lo fuiUin him, and all the light in- 
 fanrr}' ; it was over before they could arrive, and, by a tic- 
 fcrtcr from the enemy, they were only one hundred men, 
 come from Miray, where they left Monfieur de H<MS-Hil)crt, 
 who had, on their fide of the water, three hundred men with 
 boats ready to pafs. Major Scott, with the light infmiry, pur- 
 fued ; but could not get up with them. I encamped a corps 
 forward. 
 
 "The iGth, towards night, Brigadier Wolfe took pofTcflionof 
 the hills in the front of the Barafoy, wiicre wc made a lodg- 
 ment ; the enemy fired very brilkly from the town and lliip- 
 ping. 
 
 " The 1 7th, wc rcfolved to extend the parallel from the right 
 to the left. The fleet returned. 
 
 "The i8th, all lafi night, the enemy fired mufkctry from 
 the covert-way -, and tried to throw ihells into the camp. 
 
 " The 19th, I relieved the trenches by battalions, the four- 
 teen battalions forming three brigades ; a fmart lire from the 
 covert-way ; the batteries, on the left, fired againll the baflioa 
 Dauphinc, with great fucccfs. 
 
 •' The 2irt, one of the fliips in the harbour had fomc pow- 
 der blown up in her, made a great cxplofion, and fet the Ihip 
 on fire, which foon caught the fails of two more ; they biirnal 
 very fall, and we kept iiring on them, the whole time, to hin- 
 der the boats and people from the town to get to their allift- 
 ancc -, the Entjeprenant, Capricieux, and Cclebre, were the 
 tlirce burned lliips ; the I'rudent and BicnfaiUnt remained. 
 
 '« The 
 
 -'«*i|| 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 " The 22d, two batteries, on the right, opened with thirteen 
 twenty-four pounders, and another of Icven mortars ; and 
 fired, Willi great fuceefs ; the enemy fired very fmart from the 
 town, for feme time ; and threw their Uiells into our works. 
 Our ihclls put the citadel in flames. I ordered Colonel William- 
 Ibn to confine his fire, as much as he could, to the defences of 
 the place, that we might not dellroy the houfes. A lieutenant 
 of the Royal Americans, going his rounds on an advanced 
 jx)ll, loll his way, and was taken priConer near C:ipe Noir, A 
 battery was begun, on the left, for four twenty-four pounders. 
 
 "The ;3d, the cohorns we ufed at niglir, and the rVcnch 
 mortars were lent to throw floncs from the trenches. The 
 enemy fired all forts of old iron, and any ftufT they could pick 
 up. Colonel Baftide was out to-day, for the lirfl time, fince he 
 received his contufion. Our batteries fired with great iuccefs. 
 This night, the fhells fct fire to the barracks, and they burnt 
 with great violence. 
 
 " On the 2/tih, tlic fire was very brilk on our fide ; and the 
 enemy's deaeafed. The Admiral gave me four hundred fe.i- 
 mcii to help us to work at the batteries, and two hundivd 
 miners were added to a corps of a hundred already ella- 
 hlilhed, that v,e might make (juick work of it ; and they were 
 immediately employed. The four gun battery opened, and 
 another of five erecting. One of the men of war in the har- 
 bour, the Hienfaifant, fired at our trenches, at high-water ; and 
 the citadel, and Ballion Daupliine, fired againll the four gun 
 battery ; but our men, firing fmall arms into the embrazures, 
 beat the enemy ofl" their gum. 
 
 " The 25ih, the batteries fired, with great fuccefs. The 
 Admiral feut me word, he intended to fend in boats, with fix 
 
 •S „' hundred 
 
 J3» 
 
 175S. 
 
 ' 
 
 m 
 
 ^/\ 
 
 \k 
 
I' 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 IV. 
 
 I 
 
 ) 1 
 
 ?' 'i'- 
 
 
 .1 
 
 lip 
 
 t 
 
 ,;: HISTORY O I- THE 
 
 r-S". luindrcd men, to take or cKllroy t!ic Pnulcnt and the niciiiai 
 *"' ihiu, ill tlic harhour. 1 ordered all the hattcrics at nigiii lo 
 
 iiiv MHO i!ic works, as miuli as podiblc, to keep the eiunn' 
 attemiiMi to the land. The mincis and workmen went o:i 
 \cry \\\ll, with their approaches to the covered way. tlu)u.;!i 
 they ha<l a continued and very fniart fno from it ; and gr.ipc 
 ll\ot, and all forts of old iron from the guns of the rampart;. 
 We continued our lire, without ceafmg, and en ricochet. Tliu 
 boats got to the Ihips at one in the morning, and took them 
 both : They were obliged to burn the I'rudent of fcvcnty-toiu 
 guns, as Ihc was a-ground ; and they towed oil' the Bicntai- 
 lant of fixty-four, to the north-eail harbour. 
 
 " The zGth, tlie Admiral came on fliorc ; and told me he 
 propofed to fend fix Ihips into the harbour the next day. Jull 
 at this time, I received a letter from the Governor, oHering to 
 capitulate, and the following articles were agreed upon. The 
 troops remained in the trenches, this night, as ufual. 
 
 ^irtici'cs of Ciipituhilion bcticeen tbetr Exccllenc'ici AJmirai BofL\rJL'cn 
 and Major-Gcneral Amberjl^ and his Excellency the Chevalier Dm- 
 loiir, Coi'i'rnor of the fjlaiid of Cape Breton, of Louijl'ourg^ the /JImJ 
 of St. John, and their ap/urtcnances. 
 
 Articlk I. The garrifon of LouiOjourg fliall be prifoners of 
 war, and fliall be carried to England in the fliips of his Bri- 
 tannic Majelly. 
 
 I!. All the artillery, ammunition, provifions, as well as the arms 
 
 ot any kind whatfoever, which are at prefent in the townot 
 
 l.ouilbourg, the Hlands of Cape Breton, and St. John, and 
 
 their appurtenances, fliall be delivered, without the Icall 
 
 damage, to fuch ClommiflUries as fliall be appointed to rc- 
 
 li-lve ihcm, for the ufc of his Britannic Majcfty. 
 
 III. The 
 
 t' 
 
 \ 
 
 ft 
 
L A T V. W A K I \ A M F. R I C A. 
 
 ni. Tl\c Covcrnor fliall p;ivc his orders tli;it the troopi which 
 arc ill tiic lllaml ot St. John, aiul its appurtenances, ihall 
 goon hoard ('u:'' "Mp of war, as il»c Aihniral Ihall lend to 
 receive them. 
 
 IV. The gate, tailed Port Daiiphine, fliall he g(\en up to the 
 troops of his Britannic Majelly, lo-niorrow at eight o'clock 
 in the morning, and the garrifon, including all thole that 
 carried arms, drawn up at noon, on the efplanade, where 
 they Ihall lay down their arms, colours, implement;;, and 
 ornaments of war. And the garrifon fliall go on board, in 
 order to be carried to England, in a convenient time. 
 
 V. The fame care fliall be taken of the fick and wounded that 
 arc in the hofpitals, as of ihofc belonging to his Britannic 
 Majelly. 
 
 YI. Tlic Merchants and their Clerks, that have not earned 
 arm;;, fliall be fent to France, in fuch manner as the Admi- 
 ral fliall think proper. 
 
 1.,0'jifbourg, 
 i6th July, 1758. 
 
 (Signed) I.e Chevalier <lc Drlcci k. 
 
 Kdward Bos c awe n. 
 Jr. FFF.RY Amherst, 
 
 Tliis account was too fuil to leave Mv. Bofcawen much to 
 fay; accordingly, his letter to Mr. Pitt, on this occaflon, dated 
 onboard the Namur, Gabarus Bay, the 28th of July 175b', 
 \\'as comprii^ed in the few following words : 
 
 " I will not trouble you with a particular detail of the land- 
 ing and fiegc, but cannot help mentioning a particular gallant 
 at'^ion, in the night between the twenty-fifth and twenty-fixth 
 inllmt. The boats of the fquadron were, in two divifions, 
 8 detached, 
 
 133 
 
 1753. 
 
 •J- 
 
 :\ 
 
 ',11 
 
 'i 
 
 IWi 
 
 'inp ' 
 
 
 .! 
 
 ■ it 
 
 1 1 
 
 tt 
 
 ' "J 
 
 J 
 
 ■S 
 
 n I 
 
 i.. 
 
■d 
 
 I I 
 
 h 
 
 i 111- ' 
 
 ■■4 
 5) 
 
 li 
 
 -If 
 
 (li 
 
 " li 
 
 '3.4 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 dctachcil, umlcr the command of Captains Laf'orcy and r>al. 
 tour, to endeavour ciilicr to take or burn the rrudontc oi' 
 fcvcnty-foiH" guns, anil the liicntaifant oi' fixty-foiu-, the only 
 icniaining French Ihips in the harbour; in which they luc- 
 eecdcd fo well as to burn the i'ornier, (lie being a-ground, 
 and take tlie latter, and tow her into the north-eail harbour, 
 notwithllariding they were expol'ed to the lire ol' the cannon 
 and mulketry of the illand-battery, Point-Rochfort, and the 
 town, being favoured with a dark ni;.;lir. Our lofs was ia- 
 confulerable ; feven men killed, and nine wounded.'' 
 
 On the 27tli of July, three companier. of grenadiers, com- 
 iiianded by Major Fanjuhar, took polledion of the town; 
 wb.en the garrifon confilled of 
 
 Twenty-four companies, being the ufual garrifon, and 
 
 two companies of the artillery, 
 Second battalion, Volontaires Etrangcrs, 
 Second ditto, Artois, _ _ - . 
 
 Second ditto, Bourgogne, - - « - 
 
 Second ditto, Cambife, _ .. - _ 
 
 lOI" 
 
 414 
 
 608 
 
 To wlii( h if we add 
 The fea-ofllcers, failors, and marines. 
 
 hi all, 
 
 > '>'» f 
 
 2606 
 
 The total of priibners will be, 5637 
 
 In this memorable ficge, twenty-one commiillioncd .md non- 
 conimillioned oilicers, one hundred and forty-fix private men, 
 one gunner, and three matrolles, were killed, on the putot 
 the befiegers ; and thirty conimiflioneil and non-commiuioncd 
 oflicers, three hundred and iifteen private men, one corporal, 
 one gunner, and three manolles, were woundctl. 
 
 The 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ^3: 
 
 The French troops had about three hundred and fifty killed '^sfe- 
 and woundctl 
 
 And the fleet of that niition fuflcrcd, in this ficgc, a tonfi- 
 (Icrablc diminution, by the lofs of Lc I'rudcnt and L'Katrc- 
 picn;inr, of fcvcnty-four guns each ; Le Capricicux, Lc Cc- 
 Icbic, ;ind Uicnfailant, of fixty-four cacli ; Apollo, fifty, Lc 
 Chcvrc, Bkhc, and I'ldcUc, tiigatcs; the Diana, taken by the 
 liorcas ; and the Echo, by the Juno. 
 
 On the 30th of July, the Shannon frigate, commanded by 
 the Honourable ("aptain Edgccumb, who was charged with 
 die Admiral's difpatchcs, and carrying Captain Amhcrrt, with 
 thofc of the General, failed for f.ngland. Thefe gentlemen 
 took with them the colours of Louilbourg, and of the troops. 
 Thcic trophies, after having been prcfented to the King of 
 Great Britain by Captain Amherft, were depofited, with great 
 pomp, in the cathedral church of St. Paul's, London, to per- 
 petuate the glory of the Pritifh arms, by this conquefl. rc- 
 llorcd to their former iuftrc. 
 
 It mud appear, by the foregoing journal of General Amiicrfl, 
 that there was fcaree a dilliculty, which accident or iiuludry 
 could create, that did not prefent itlelf to obllrucTt his opera- 
 tions. Yet, whilft we admire the intrepidity that forced ;i 
 landing, when the violence of the furf almoft ballled the power 
 ot urt, we nuill not conceal the lliare which fortune had in the 
 execution of fo dangerous an enterprise. Even the refolution 
 ot brigadier Wolfe was daggered, when he viewed the break- 
 ing lurge; and, fiippofing a landing at that lime impra^fli- 
 table, he made a iignal with his hat to retire. But, it being 
 millaken for a Iignal to advance, the boats in which were 
 
 3 Lien- 
 
 or ',1 
 
 ^'1 
 
 i ^(... 
 
r il 
 
 .'I 
 
 
 i!* 
 
 .1' » 
 
 130 
 
 i;5«. 
 
 HISTORY or Tiir. 
 
 Lieutenants Hopkins and Browne, and Enfign Grant, piiflicj 
 on llioic. Thcfc, with tlicir men, climbed up fomc rocks, 
 and formed. This being obferved by Mr. Wolfe, he advanced 
 his brigade, and landed, in the face of an infernal fire. In 
 tlic mean time, the party that was on fliore crept iinfeen 011 
 the flank of the enemy, who, being ignorant of their num- 
 bers, immediately (juitted their intrenchmcnts, and fled. Ani- 
 mated by the example of Mr. Wolfe, thole boats nearcfl to Jiim 
 pullied for the fliore, and the men leaped into the lea to 
 ^ain the land ; but many of them were drowned in the 
 attempt. 
 
 No oppotltion, it feems, could check the animating fpirit 
 raifcd by the ardent defirc of regaining credit, and of ex- 
 punging the foul blot witli which the mifcarriages of I'ucccf- 
 livc years had flaincd the Britiih colours. The vigilance, 
 refoluti(Mi, and other military virtues, of the two command- 
 ers in this cnterprize, and, perhaps flill more, the pcrfcd 
 Irarmony that reigned between tliem, gained the tonfi- 
 dence of all the forces under their command ; and every of- 
 ficer exerted his lumofl abilities, in token of this confuicncci 
 particularly Brigadier Wolfe, whofe martial ard,)ur mule 
 him ever ready to execute the boKlefl plans of his CJencral; 
 \ et, with a circimil'peclion and Ikill, whi(.h juflly procured 
 liim tile aflection and cUeem of the whole army. 
 
 The alertnefs of the gentlemen of the navy to aflin. in for- 
 warding the operations of the army mult not be forgotten. 
 And the attack on the l-'rench men of war. the Bienfaifaiu and 
 the I'rudent, by Captains Laforcy and Baltoin-, will ever re- 
 main an honourable teflimony of their bravery, as it gamed 
 ihcm fuch immediate encomiums lioni tlicir Admiral. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 In tliis campaign, \vc fee the genius of Hiitain rouzcd; the 
 glory of licr arms burfting forth from that cloud of difgracc, 
 by which it had, for fo many years part, been obfcured ; and 
 tlic pcrfevcrancc, prudence, and fpirit of lier fons, getting 
 the better of an ahnoft; confirmed habit of levity, mifmanagc- 
 mcnt, and timidity ; fulfdling the conunand;j of a gracious 
 fovcreign, and executing the plans of an cnterpriling miniflcr. 
 
 13ut, whilfl. we arc thus lavifli of our praife on the con- 
 quering army, our impartiality will not fuiFcr us to overlook 
 the good conduct and bravery of the bcficged. As to the 
 landing of the Englifli, it mull have been eflccled by facri- 
 ficing lives in one part or another ; it being impollible to 
 guard fuch an extent of coafl: with about three thoufand men, 
 and yet leave a fufhcicnt number for duty in tlie town. The 
 Ircnch occupied above two leagues and an half of ground in 
 the mod acccfliblc parts : but there were fome intermediate 
 places they could not guard ; and it was precifely in one of 
 dielc that the Englifli took pofl. 
 
 ic.t 
 
 The French employed every method to retard and dcflroy the 
 works of the bcficgers, both by the fire of the place, and that 
 ofdiefliips in the liarboin-. The Commodore of thofe fliips 
 warndy folic ited lor leave to quit the place; butM.de Dru- 
 cour, knowing the importance of their flay to its fafety, 
 would not permit ^'icm lo depart. It was his bufinefs to defer 
 the determination of his fate as long as poilible. The ac- 
 counts he received from C\inada alliu-ed him, that iM. dc 
 Montcalm was i.*..rching to the enemy, and woidd come up 
 with them, between the 20th and 2 jth of July. If the lliips 
 had kft the harbour, ?s the Commodore dcHred, on the joth 
 
 T of 
 
 ^l /' 
 
\k ! 
 
 13^ 
 
 175-. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of June, tlic Englilh Admiral would have entered it imme- 
 diately after, and the place might have been loll before the cx- 
 r.iration of the month ; and this would have put it in the 
 power of the Fnglilh General to employ the months of July 
 and Augufl in fcnd'ng fuccours to the troops marcliing 
 againft Canada, and to eiuxr the river St. La wrenot- at the proper 
 fcalbn. This object alone fcemed to M. dc Diucour of Uifli- 
 cicnt importance to rccpiire a council of war, wlio agreed 
 w'nh him in opinion. The lituation of the Ihips was no Icfi 
 critical than that of the town. lour of them were burnt, 
 and the calcnKites were dcllroycd, by the bombs of the 
 linglila. At length, no Irench Ihips being lefi, and the place 
 being open in tliircrent parts of the King's, the Dauphin's, 
 and the Qiicen's ballions, the (."overnor Hill did all that an 
 ofiicer in his iituation could do: — He called a council of war; 
 and yielded to its advice to alk a capitulation. 
 
 M. de Drucour propofcd much the fame terms as were 
 granted at Minorca; and the Knglilli General's reply to hi: 
 propofal, was to the following jnuport: 
 
 " In anfwcr to the propofal I have juft now had t!ie 
 honour to receive from your Kxcellency, by the Sieur l.o]>- 
 pinot, I have only to tell yom- Excellency, That it hath 
 been determined by Admiral Bofcawen and myfclf, tliac 
 liis iliips fiiall go in to-morrow, to make a general at- 
 tack upon the town. Vom- Excellency knows very well the 
 iituation of the army and the fleet: and, as the .>dmiral, as 
 well as myfelf, is very dciirous to prevent tlie cil'uiion 01 
 Moo'J, wc give your Excellency one hour, after receiving thir, 
 to dcicrmitie, either to capitulate as priioncvs of war, or to 
 
 6 take 
 
 I' ? 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 take upon you all tlic bad confcqucnccs of a defence againR 
 this fleet and army. 
 
 K. lioSCAwEN. 
 
 jEtr. Amhekst." 
 
 M. dc Drucour anfwcrcd the above letter, in the following 
 terms ; 
 
 " To anfwcr your Excellencies in as few words as poHIhlc, 
 I have the honour to repeat to you, That my rcfolution 
 is Hill the fame ; and that I will fuller the confequences, and 
 fulbin the attack you fpeak of. 
 
 Lc Chevalier De Drucour." 
 
 »39 
 
 Irs?. 
 
 Inimcdiately after this letter was difpatched, M. Prevot, 
 Coinmiiliiry-General, and Intendant of the colony, brought 
 M. (lc Drucour a petition from the traders and inhabitants, 
 which determined him to fubmit to the law of fuperior force ; 
 a fubmiflion; in his fituation, inevitable. Before this, for 
 eight clays together, his othccrs had not, any more than the 
 private men, one moment's rell. Imlced, they had no place 
 in wliich they coidd take any; nor did there remain any place 
 uF fafcty, even for the wounded: fo that they were almoll as 
 much cxpofed, every minure of the foiu* and twenty hours, 
 as if they had been on the covered-way. Neverthclers, the 
 men did not murmur in the lead, nor difcover the '.".nailed 
 difcontcnt ; which was owing to the good example and e.Kac^t 
 dif( ipline of their oflicers. None deferted but Germans ; one 
 of whom prevented an iiuended lally : for, as he had gone over 
 to the i'.ugliih two hours before it was to have been piu in exe- 
 cution, it was not thought prudent to hazaril it. The burning 
 
 i" 2 of 
 
 ^ ■■ "11 
 
I.}0 
 
 i7sS. 
 
 il 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of the fliips, and of the cafcmatcs of the King's and Quccn'3 
 hallions, hindered another. A third had no better fucccfs: 
 the Ticnch procf^cdccl no farther tiian the ghicis of the covcrcd- 
 way. So that, of four falHes that were intended, one onlv 
 fucceeded ; in which, thirty grenacUers and two olliccrs were 
 made prifoners. 
 
 No rcf-Jiirccs could be had by intrcnciirncnts in the gorges 
 of the bailions ; nor were tlie French provided with the ncccf- 
 fary implements for fucli opeiations. And, of fifty-two pieces 
 of cannon, which were oppofed to the batteries of tiic hc- 
 fiegcrs, forty were diiinounteil, broken, or rendered unfervice- 
 able. hi fuch circuni(hince:s therefore, it was impollible for 
 the French to make any further refillancc ; and, of courfc, ic 
 was no way blameablc in them to furrendcr prilbncrs of war. 
 
 We mufl; now rcfumc our narrative of the operations of the 
 Englifli forces. 
 
 On the 7th of Augufl, a detachment, commanded by Major 
 Bailing, was ordered to Efpagnollc, to take pofrcHion, agree- 
 able to the capitulation, of the appurtenances of Loiiifbourg; 
 and another, under Lord Uollo. on the fame errand, to the 
 illand of St. John ; the inhabitants of which, amounting to 
 about four thoufand fouls, immediately on his arrival, 
 brought in their arms. This place had been, ever fincc the 
 commencement of the war, a thorn in the fules of the inha- 
 bitants of Nova-Scotia ; at the fame time that, from its ferti- 
 lity in corn and cattle, it contributed not a little to the fuppoit 
 of the inhabitants of Canada, whom it greatly imported the 
 Englilh to diflrcfs y fincc, as long as that country remained in 
 
 a. the 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the hands of the French, they could not rely upon any 
 permanent tranquility in North-America. For this rcafon, 
 Admiral Bofcawcn and General Amhcrll, having refolvcd to 
 reap every advantage they poflibly could from the conqueft 
 of Cape Breton, as foon as the tranfports could fail with the 
 I'rcnch prifoners to Europe, which was not till the ijth, Sir 
 Charles Hardy, with i\ivcn fliips of the line and three frigates ; 
 and Brigadier Wolfe, with the fifteenth regiment, Amhcrll's; 
 the twenty-eighth, Bragg's; and the fifty-eighth, Anllruther's ; 
 adoiachnicnt of artillery, two engineers, two light fix-pounders» 
 two eight-inch mortars, five royals, fix cohorns, and every kind 
 oFflores in proportion ; were ordered to lail for the gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, and as far up the river of the fame name as the 
 feafon would permit, with inftru^^ions to dellroy uU the French 
 fcttlcments in both bay and river, with their Ihips and boats, 
 efpcciidly on the fouthfidci and, in particular, thofeofMiri- 
 iiiichi, Baye dc Chalem-s, and GafpJe; ai\d dil'perfe or carry 
 olT the inhabitants. None of thefe places v/erc of any great 
 force; but thofe we have particularly mentioned were well 
 inhabited; and the inhabitants of all, by being feated imme- 
 diately on the back of Nova-Scotia, alTorded (helter to a fet of 
 iciicgadocs, who, by juft marching over the head of St. John's 
 liver, and i'o to the bay of Fundy, Iiad it always in their power 
 to infell the Engliflx fcttlcments in that peninfula ; and, ac- 
 coidingly, never let fiip any opportunity to do it. Another 
 advantage expcvfted from tliis expedition, was the alarming of 
 the French at (^lebec, and thereby clieclually preventing their 
 fending any frelh fuccours, as they might otherwife do, ta 
 tlicir coiuitrymen employed ag.'uill General Abercromb}-. 
 Sir Charles Hardy and Brigadier Wolfe failed, on this fervicc, 
 on the 28th of Augull ; and, two days after, the thu-ty- 
 
 141 
 i;58. 
 
 ' r— » 
 
 
 ih 
 
5 42 
 
 . « 
 
 :.^M-.i 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fifth rogimcni, the fccond battalion of the Royal Americans, 
 and three hundred and fifty rangers, to be coninianded by Co- 
 lonel Monekton, were fent up the bay of Fundy to dcilroy the 
 French ietilements on the river St. Jolin, clear the country of 
 its inhabitants, take and keep polleilion of St. Anne's, and, in 
 flion, penetrate as far up the river as they conveniently could, 
 to annoy the enemy. In tiirfe two expeditions, as the fevcral 
 oflicers commanding them behaved with their iifual bravery 
 and conduct, and were properly feconded by the officers and 
 men under them, io they met with adccjuate fucccfs. When 
 the above fervice was fmilhctl, brigadier Wolfe was ordered 
 to i'end to kouilbourg the twenty-eighth regiment, Uragg's, 
 which it was intended fhould make jiart of that garrifbnj call 
 back to their regiments the fick and wounded of the fifteenth, 
 Amherirs, and the fifty-eighth, Anlhiither's, that had been 
 Jet t there; and then, with thefc two reginients, proceed to 
 Halifax, and take on him the command of the troops tiicrc, 
 till he fhould receive further orders. 
 
 1 he Admiral and General having, as foon as they had font 
 off the troops for thefe e.npcdiiions, again deliberated on their 
 inllruc^ions, and on the jnelent flate of afi'airs in North-Ame- 
 rica, were of opinion, that the meafures which had been 
 purfued jlnte the rcdu^ftion ot l.ouilboiug, lor annoying the 
 enemy's i'c:tlements as long as tlie feafon wtnUd permit, was 
 all that, with priulencc, coiUd be attcnijited in that part -, and 
 having, at length, received undciubted allurance, that the at- 
 tack on Ticcmderoga had milcarried, with fuch an heavy lol.s 
 as obliged the troops to retreat, they tiid not hefitate a fingle 
 moment in coming to the refolution of fending five batta- 
 lions, (which were the remains of the army, after garritbnii\;; 
 
 Luuil- 
 
 \\ 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMEHICA. 
 
 Louifbourg, Nova-Scotia, and their dependencies), as a rein- 
 forcement to General Abcrcromby's army. For, though their 
 inlhuc^ions did not extend to any part of tlie continent be- 
 yond Nova-Scotia, they wifely judged tlicmi'clves authoriled 
 to bellow their attention and aflillance wherever the interelt 
 ol" tl>eir country required it, and it could be aflbrded without 
 deviating from their inllruc^ions. hi order, therefore, to lofe 
 as little time as pollible in doing this important fervice, and 
 that it might be done as ellccTiually as pollible, (General Am- 
 hcrrt, in perfon, took on himfclf tlic command of the fccond 
 kittalion of the lloyal, the fevcntcendi, forry-ieventh, iorty- 
 cigluh, and fevcnty-eighth regiments; and failed with them, 
 on the 3oih of Auguft, for B(.)llon, where he arrived the 13th 
 of September. The next day he landed, and encamped his 
 troops. Then, conlidering tluit the accidents attending the 
 palliige, by fea, to New-York, might fruilratc his intentions 
 to join General Abercromby as foon as he could wilh, he de- 
 termined to march to Albany, through the Green- wood ; and 
 demanded ot: ilie magilhates of Hollon guides to conduct; 
 him ; but, inilead of guides, the feleA men fent him a depu- 
 tation to adurc him, that his defign was impradlicable, there 
 being no road through the wood, and that it was impollible 
 to make one. Not content with this bare allcrtion, many of 
 them, in hopes of diverting the General from his piu'pofe, vo- 
 luntaiily made atlidavits to confirm wliat had been advanced 
 bv the whole. However, from the information of many 
 people, whom the General himfelf took the trouble to exa- 
 mine, the pallage was fo far from being found impracticable, 
 that there did not appear any great dilliculties to ellecl it. He 
 likewife difcovered the realbns why the magilh-acy were fo 
 avcrfe to his attempting it. .If the General could ccndue^l au 
 
 arn\y 
 
 M3 
 
 1758. 
 
 ^ - > ' mi 
 
 \ 
 
 
 1 
 
 il 
 
 '1 ; 
 
 ^ll 
 
 ;ii 
 
> ' 
 
 i.- 
 
 144 
 .758. 
 
 ' I !f 
 
 HISTORY OF THE * 
 
 army through the Grccn-wood to the enemy, they conchulcd, 
 the enemy might as cafily bring an army againft tlicnilchcs, 
 by the iamc rout j and, in cafe tlu-y IhouUl prove fucccfstui, 
 would perhaps do it, indead of proceeding immediately to New- 
 York. But thefe were not fullieient reafons, in the opinic^i 
 of the General, to make him alter his refolution. lie dure- 
 fore decamped, and began his march. On the 2d of OJloLcr, 
 about thirty-five miles call of Albany, he left le troops under 
 the command of Colonel Burton, with orders to continue his 
 rout, the next day, to Kinderhook-mills ; and fo, through 
 Albany, to Lake George ; whilft himfelf proceeded to General 
 Abcrcromby's camp, which he reached on the 5th, and found 
 as fecurc as intrenchmcnts could make it. Having conferred 
 with General Abercromby, and put the regiments he h;id 
 brought with him under his command, he returned to Al- 
 bany on the 8th, and from thence immediately proceeded to 
 Halifax; where, by his inllrudlions, he was ordered to re- 
 main, after the reducTiion of Louifbourg, for farther orders. 
 
 Wc are now to relate the operations of the armies on the 
 continent, intended for the execution of the plans againll Ti- 
 conderoga and 1-ort du-Quefne, and which were to rendezvous 
 at Albany and Philadelphia. The firll was commanded by 
 General Abercromby ; anil confided of 
 
 The Twenty-feventh regiment 
 Forty-fecond 
 Forty fourth 
 Forty-fixth 
 Fifty fifth 
 
 Firft battalion of the Royal Americans 
 And a detachment of the Royal Artillery, 
 
 making 
 
 i T 
 
 I 
 
" fTT^tt — '•«•«•••■>—«•'«» J <» 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 »wiMM*Mu*«n 
 
iurcc to oppolc 
 
 him, and had thrown up iutrcnchmcms, 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 
 s,^.:: 
 
 i88 
 
 r^9- 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 cclvcd their danger, and left their intrenchmcnts with the 
 ^re tu-a precipitation. 1 his pall'age did not coll a (ingle man ; 
 ;;ul.he enemv were UiU puriued to Petit-Bourg. wlueh thcv 
 i,,a u.rtilied wiih lines, and a redoubt filled with cannon. 
 Here the Grenada bomb, Captain Uvedale, was employal .n 
 .,......■...., n,-.nc Jnrn the fort, wlicrc the enemy did not long 
 
beautiful part of the whole lUiuKl, aiui cxcccu^ i-cniau^ a..y 
 
 other 
 
 !1 -I 
 
 J^J^^£likMiL^'i.-^-'A:^&^^^.i. 
 
 ,..-1,:^3.i. -^iVifa !£--i«i^^'iJ^. 
 
 V 
 
 :1| 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The plan for this purpofc was, That Major-General Am- 
 hcrll, the commander in chief, fliould endeavour to reduce 
 Ticondcroga and Crown-Point ; then, in calc of fucccfs, l)y 
 
 I .1.^ #M, 
 
 ...^«.,„.l 
 
 .1 
 
 »l.„ ..: r> : -l.i; 
 
 20S 
 '759- 
 
 ,'l 
 
 ii > 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 bcfiiles making barricades on the road, to prevent hir, ap- 
 iMoach to it. Accordingly ihcy were foon perceived at this 
 work; and it was, at the lame time, difcovcrcd, that there 
 was a polUbility of gaining their rear by roads which they 
 thought impracticable, and confeciuently had guarded with 
 very little care. A detachment was hereupon immediately 
 
oF war, a;; well ar, all papers rchtini^ to the revenue, be deli- 
 vered into the poflciHon of a commiiiliry, to be named by us 
 
 for that purpofc. 7 
 
 II. That 
 
 204 
 
 HIS TO II Y OF THE 
 
 .75q. and Canadians, to maintain the pals from the fall;] of tlic river 
 ' '' ' Ilichlieu to the river St. Lawrenee. 
 
 r*' -n . I - 
 
 .1^.. .nii.' ■■■I«i.-<i« ««r/-\ l\'lYr/% l\(t/^*' 
 
 I' 
 
 yrsrrm-Vif '^'y^ f 
 
 llJli 
 
 r 
 
 190 
 
 ' HISTORY or THE 
 
 other in tlic WcMndies. Kiglu hundred and fcvcnty negroes, 
 belonging to one pcrfon only, furrcndered this day. 
 
 Here tiie brigadier was met by Meilieurs de ClainviUiers and 
 du O.iciuv, who were deputed by the principalinhabitants of the 
 illai^ to know what capitulation would be granted them. Tiic 
 Brii^adier ordered them to be conduced to Fetit-Bourg, where 
 they were prefentcd to General Barrington. The General, 
 
vil. Thar a good vcflcl fliall be allowed to the l.uly of Monf." 
 DucUcu, Licutcnmit-Govcnior-Gcncral of the illunds, and 
 
 Captain 
 
 
 .— «B«U^ 
 
 |!H 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 LATF. WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the fcvcntccnth and the forty-fccond regiment, to the rifts 
 near Still-water : and three hundred of the Rhode-iiland regi- 
 uKiu to Fort-l'.dward. Tiie forty-fourth regiment was order- 
 
 V- 
 
 20; 
 
 '759- 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ir. That wc fhall be fcnt to Martinico, in a good vcfiel, well 
 provided, and by the fliortcll palfagc. 
 Gkanted. 
 
 Ill, That the Commifnuy-General, oflicers of juRice, admi- 
 ralty, and all fuch as have the King's eommillion, fliall 
 likewife be fent to Martinico, in a good vefTcl, well pro- 
 vided, and by the fhorteit paflage. 
 
 ': <i 
 
 . ; ( 
 
 11 
 
2o6 
 >7S9- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 On the 3a of June, the rear of the army were ordered to 
 tike the field. The General left Albany the fame dayj and, 
 on the Gth. arrived at Fort-lidwurd, where he encamped. 
 
 
 I, 
 
 '-> ig t jM ^ iy- 
 
 ,, ^« .. my - i fJiW.., ^ 
 
 u. 
 
 192 
 
 1759- 
 
 HiSlOnY OF THE 
 
 Captain of one of the K.ng's Ihips, to carry her to Mani- 
 „ico, ^vith her equipage, furmturo, plate, and fervams 
 fuitable to her rani. ; and alio to the Governor's ludy, and 
 the wives and widows of the ftair-officers. 
 n. AXTK.n : one vclFel for all the ladies. 
 
NaDAU crilTRIEL. 
 
 Cc 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 arrcft the bloody knife. The fliocking accounts, which almofl: 
 hourly arrived of tliefc outrages, produced the following or- 
 der; copies of which were fent to M. dc Vaudreuil, and to 
 M. dc Montcalm : 
 
 i 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XIII. That there fliall be a rcafonablc time allowed for remov- 
 ing the furniture, cfrccfts, and cloaths that arc in tlic rcdiiit, 
 or other places, belonging to the pcrfons wlio arc to be lent 
 to Martinico ; and that his Excellency General Barrington 
 fliall grant his protection for the fafe conveyance of' the 
 
 '95 
 
 y — .—-J 
 
 
K 
 
 ■ i 
 
 i I ' !? 
 
 soB 
 
 <7>'5- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 troops line' 'he boats, th.u the army m\^r\n lofe no time in pro- 
 ccccliii,^- on the intended enterpri/e. Hut the dillieuhies oec;i- 
 iione.l hv the length of the carrying-place between l-ort-M- 
 waid and I ake-Gcoi-ge, ainl the badnels of the roads over it. 
 
 ii/i 
 
 
 104 
 
 1759' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 'inl./is of Cipltuhition bctiveen their Esulkncics ami the Inhabitant} 
 
 of Guadahupc. 
 
 Ak m< if. 1. The inhabitants fliall march out of their potts with 
 ull the honours of ^var, viz. with two ficUl-picccs, their 
 ■,vnic;. colours 11 vine:, drums beating, and lighted match. 
 
*.- c -^ 
 
 ;,ji**^.«M^-!»-*ft%»ii4'«* " "* 
 
 
 --»^=- 
 
 p 
 
 ^V'ili 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA." 369 
 
 orders not to appear on the lake in the day-time; but was fo 17 59- 
 imprudent as to difobcy them : in confcquence of wliich 
 he was attacked by a fupcricn- force, and only ten of his party 
 
 i-j-k t^^ 
 
 /■» r*-i ni f> ' 
 
 T-ifr^liQ 1iimr(>1 K lipitTfT fnlfpn r\ri_ 
 
 ^>' 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 IV. They fliall obfcrve a (IricH: neutrality, and not be force;! to 
 take up arms againft his Moll Chriaim M..jc!ty, or .i.;m::i.I 
 any other power. 
 
 Grantf.d; on condition that they tike an oath within a 
 month, or fooncr, if polliblc, to maintain all claufc;; of this 
 
 19.5 
 
 I' 
 
 fi 
 
Granted; 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 This army confifted of the following forces i 
 
 R E (J U L A R S, 
 
 Royal 42cl ]tiic whole, oillccrs included,? 
 
 fW^ 
 
 
 I 
 
 196 
 
 '7S9- 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 VII. Thcv fliall pay no other duties to his Britannic Majefly 
 but lucU as they have hitherto paid to his Moll Chriiliaa 
 MajeRy, without any other charge or imi>olls ; the expcncci 
 attending the achninilh-ation of juftice, the penfions to cti- 
 ratcs, and other cullomary charges, llxall be paid out of the 
 
CHipiuycu 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Whiting's regiment to have the batteau-guard; and Colonel 
 Bradrtrcct was to make fuch difpofitions for them as he 
 thought bcft. 
 
 The frnnr roliimn w.is commanflctl hv Cnlnncl T-Tnvihinf^- 
 
 I c 
 
 ■id 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 GRANTED} but fuch of the inhabitants as chufc to retire, 
 fliall have leave to fell to none, except fubjcc^s of Great Britain. 
 
 XII. In cafe there fliould be any exchange at the peace, their 
 Britannic and Moll Chriftian Majcllics, arc dcfircd to give 
 the nrcfcrencc to this ifland. 
 
 197 
 
■' '> 
 
 1, 
 
 I^Wli 
 
 < 
 
 mi 
 
 '1 
 
 n-| 
 
 3 
 
 11 1 
 
 
 it 
 
 i 
 
 lui 
 
 y 
 
 1759- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 met in his way to the S:iw-Mills, where he now tookpoftj 
 and having cilcaually feciircd it, he advanced towards the 
 enemy's lines. The troops, that night, lay on their arms. 
 The next morninc:. the French obfVrving that his Excellency's 
 
 »i*^ 
 
 ici^ 
 
 17^ 
 
 HISTORY or TIIF. 
 cv.movcd with the confcru of their mafters, on public works. 
 Ihail he paid lor their labour. 
 
 XVIII The widows and other inhabitants, who througlt ill- 
 ' ncfs ablence, or any other impediment, camjot mimeduu.- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the commandant, foon finding that the General was not only 
 well provided with every rcquifitc to carry on the fiege. but 
 was alfo polTefled of every military talent neceflary to em- 
 ploy them, thouglit proper to retire, on the 23d, with all his 
 
 * - . . » - „„ '.iil-i.-v i-/>rminpf1 till tnO 
 
 1 1 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 dom, which prohibit the carrying on of trade in any other 
 than Englilh bottoms. 
 
 XXII. The Deputies of the Grandc-Terre, not having a fufli- 
 cient power to fign the capitulation, though the colony ad- 
 heres to the conditions of it, tuidcr the authority of M. Na- 
 
 ,1,,, 
 
 •■1'**-nr ll'itr^. fll/»ll' fllli 
 
 r-\f\\irr^rc mi 
 
 <I th 
 
 '90" 
 
 '/SO' 
 
 ( — ,— » 
 
 jl 
 
£^2a$i@»<^«j£££s»s><iis»- 
 
 
 IIISTORY OF THE 
 humane induliTcncc, to which that uncommon fpLrit fccmcd 
 to entitle tluni. 
 
 Before this pcrioil which we have Ixd recorded, Commo- 
 dorc Moore having received intelligence, that M. dc Bompart 
 h id failed fVoni Martinico, with a delign to land a reinforce- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMI- RICA. 
 
 The General now prepared for his return to I.ngland ; and, 
 with this view, he gave the Comniodorc notice, that he in- 
 tcndcil to leiKl back to Ijigland, about the l)cginning at fuly, 
 jurt of his troops in the tranfports which had hrouglu theiu 
 out. hi confecjuence of this intimation, Commodore Moore 
 repaired with his fquadron to IJafle-Terre road, where he was, 
 
 201 
 
 i-sv- 
 
7 
 
 ii'^ ' 
 
 
 »54 
 
 175^ 
 
 HISTORY' OF T IT L 
 
 nii'Iit have been ctiually cxpolld, and as fovcrcly annoyed 
 without fucli ^valle Tliw fort, it improved ami enlarged, could 
 not tail, from tiic excclleney ot its harbour, and its conveni- 
 cnt lituation, to render the tnglifli mailers of Lake Ontario, 
 and thereby enable thcni to ruin the commerce of the French, 
 r.nd be a check upon all iheir expeditions to the well- 
 ward. And, as to the veHels, and the gocnls and (lores, the 
 Uutcr might have been eafily removed by means of the for- 
 mer, and both favcd, even though it was u . thought proper 
 to leave the fort Handing j or trull them to the care of a 
 garriibn, in the cafe it was. 
 
 Fort Frontenac was, at this period, the general rendezvous 
 of all the Indian nations, that, had any knowledge of each 
 other ; the center of all the trade between themfelvcs, and 
 with the French, whofe traders, in conic.'ucncc of their con- 
 ciliating methods, were fo much preferred, by the Indians, 
 to the Englilh traders, that great numbers of tiicm, in their 
 yearly progrcfs to this market, a^^tually palled by the town of 
 Albany, though they might ha\ '. lx:cn fuppli<:d there, with 
 wliat articles they wanted, on ra ch better terms, than they 
 could at Fort Frontenac, ov even lontreal ; (o much better, 
 that the French traders themfelvcs ftcn purchafed their com- 
 motlities for the Indian market fr u the Albany merchants, 
 as coming much '-hcaper than the could proctne them trom 
 France. It was not, however, fro i mere commercial views, 
 that all the fouthern Indians undc, ok fo long a peregrina- 
 tion. Thele annual meetings conftiiuted a kiiKl of ^joncr.'! 
 council, in which the events of the preceding year wore re- 
 lated ; alliances renewed, or new ones formed ; and plans of 
 operation agreed upon for the cnfuing year ; and many In- 
 dians relortcd to Fort Frontenac, chiefly on thcfe account.s. 
 
 The 
 
 r^-. I 
 
 '5 
 
 h I 
 
 'f'ww 
 
LATF WAn IN AMERICA. 
 
 The rcduiflton, thcrcfniv. 'T this place w.is attended with one 
 niore advantage to the F.n^lifh, bcfides thofc wc have already 
 taken notice of; and rliu a very finpular one. It proved the 
 means of dKTolvin/r :» very powerful confederacy amongrt their 
 moll dangerous cnerTiifs, and confiderably weakening the in- 
 tcrcll of the 1 rcnch amongft iheni. And there is no doubt, 
 but that the rcdu^.'^ion of Fort Vn^ntcnac greatly facilitated the 
 CNpcdition of the I'nglilh againft Tort du-Qiicfne, as the 
 Iicnch troop , agaiiifl whom Drit^adier Torbes's army was to 
 net, were tlicreby effc^rtually deprived of the neceflary fup- 
 plics. Accordingly, the King of Great Britain took notice of 
 the importance di this concpieft, from the throne, to his par- 
 liament, aloui;- with that of Cape breton. 
 
 The troops dellinc'fl tor the attack of Fort du-Qucftic, were 
 toallcmble at Piulad< Iphia. But, till the middle of April, Bri- 
 gadier Forbes, who had been named to command them, was 
 a General without an armv. The Provincials, who were to 
 make part of it, were not lb much as raifed ; and the High- 
 landers, expected from Carolina, who were to make another 
 part, (lid not arrive till the yth of June. As to the artillery 
 and military (lores, which were to come from England, they 
 did not make their appearance till the 14th of the fame month. 
 In ihort, it was the 30th of June, before he could get the laft 
 divifion of his army out of riiiladclphia. Tius army now con- 
 lilled of 
 
 Royal Americans, _ _ - 3^0 
 
 Of Montgomery's Higli'andens - - 1200 
 Virginia Provincials, - - 16:0 
 
 Pcnnfylvania Provincials, - - 2700 
 
 Waggoners, Stc. - - - loco 
 
 
 X \) 
 
 K 
 
 M.iking in all 
 
 V 
 
 GSjo men. 
 From 
 
 i '11 
 
v./ 
 
 u 
 
 ''■ 
 
 ' I 
 
 P^i ,1 
 
 ) 
 
 " .1 
 
 h * 
 
 15^ 
 
 175? 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 rrom the valour, experience, and vigilance of tlie General, 
 tlicre was a great deal to hope in this expedition. Hut, on the 
 other hand, from the length of the march, and the number 
 of clofe woods, narrow defdcs, deep fwamps, and high moun- 
 tains, which lay in his way, there was as much to fear. Add 
 to all this, the oppoiltion he had jufl: rcafon to apprehend 
 iVom an infidious enemy, who had acquired new degrees of 
 courage hy a long and almoft imintcrrupted ferics of fuc- 
 ccllcs. lUu all thcCe mighty obflaclcs yielded to the excellent 
 dilpofition of the General's line of march ; and fcveral at- 
 tempts, which tlic hidians made to obllrufl: his progrefs, were 
 all iruflrated hy the alacrity of the troops in obeying hii 
 commands. 
 
 When the Brigadier got as far as Ray's Town, about ninctv 
 miles call of I-'ort du-Q^icfne, he halted with his main-body, 
 anil detached Lieutenant-Ci>loncl l^oiKjuct, with two thoulanJ 
 men, to take poll at Lyal Hanning. The Colonel, fujipofiiii^ 
 that tills force was fullicient to reduce the fort, without 
 :iny alllllancc from the CJcneral, and eager to fecu;c to 
 himfelf the honour of inch an atchievemcnt, began to thinic 
 of forming a plan for that purpol'c. With this view, he de- 
 tached about eight lunidred Highlanders, under Major Grant 
 of Montgomery's, to reconnoitre the fort and its outworks, 
 and make the heft ohfervations in his power. The Major, in 
 the execution of thcfe orders, drew his men tip on the heights 
 near the fort ; and beat a march by way of daring iliC 
 Vi'i'idi to come to an action, in which if he had fuccceded, in 
 all probability the fort mult have fallen, and then the wholt 
 glory wouUl liave been his own. I he Irench accepted the 
 challenge ; tliey detached a party, to meet him ; and a very 
 feverc ailtion was the confcquence. 1 he Highlanders foujjht 
 
 with 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 T^-ith great bravery for fomc time, till fupcrior numbers ob- 
 liged them to give way ; and, about three hundred of them, 
 including nineteen oHiccrs, having been either killed or taken 
 prifoners, with the Major himfelf amongft the latter, the reft: 
 jlcd, in great diforder, as far back as Lyal Ilenning. On 
 this occafion, Colonel Bouijuet's ambition got the better 
 of his judgment. The fplendor of the pri/c he had in 
 view dazzled his underftanding ; for, if it was thougiu 
 bv as able ofliccrs as himfelf, that IJrigadicr Forbcs's whole 
 army was little enough to bclicgc Fort du Qucl'ne, how 
 could the Colonel rcafonably hope to fupply the want, and fo 
 great a want, of equal power, by any furprizc or llratagcm ? 
 
 ^57 
 1758. 
 
 When the news of this defeat reached the Brigadier's camp, 
 ].c was, as may naturally be expected, greatly chagrined at 
 the lofs of (o many brave fellows ; who, witliout his orders, 
 or even knowledge, had been facrificcd to an unwarrantable 
 tliiid after glory. This mifcondu^fl:, however, in one upon 
 whom he i'o much depended, fliarpened his vigour. IIccx- 
 pjled no more parties to the danger of fullering by the vanity 
 ot individuals ; but marched his whole force, under his own 
 direction, with all pofliblc expedition, and with a flicw o^f 
 Ihcngth, which elVeJ^tually impofed upon the r'rcnch. It llruck 
 them with fuch a panic, that, dreading the confef]ucnccs of 
 a licgc, they difmantlcd and abandoned tlie fort, and retired 
 down the river Ohio, to their fcttlements on the iMillillippi ; 
 and, tlie day followinp;, being the 25th of November, Briga- 
 dier I'orbes took po.icllion of ir. Moreover, the Indians in 
 the I'rench intereft, having fuHered fcvcrely in many fkir- 
 nillhes, began to think it impracticable to dcdroy the com- 
 munication of the Englifli with their pofts, and prevent their 
 
 penetrating^ 
 
 ^J 
 
 
 '^^- 
 
15^ 
 
 •758. 
 
 n 1 S T O R Y O F T IT E 
 
 penetrating to Tan du-Qncfnc. They, therefore, thouglu 
 proper to enter into a neutrality, and became reconciled to 
 the Knglilh government. The fort was ordered to be repair- 
 ed, and garrilbned with provincials, by the name ot" P'tttjbur^, 
 Tiic Brigadier then began his march back to Philadelphia, 
 and, at I.yal Mcnning, built a Block-houlc for the defence ot 
 rciinlylvania. But, unfortunately for his country, he did not 
 live long to enjoy the glory he acquired by this memorable 
 expedition. His conflitution having been exhaufted by the 
 incredible fatigues of tlie fervice, he died at Philadelphia, in 
 the forty-ninth year of liis age, jullly regretted, as a public 
 lofs, by all ranks. •;-. 
 
 V^i 
 
 Brigadier Stanwix had been detached with a confidcrablc 
 number of provincials, to crec^ a fort at the carrying-place 
 between the Mohawk river a Wood-creek, and leave a 
 fufficient garrifon in it to .iiiord, at leaft, a local fafety to 
 thofc hidians in the neighbourhood who were ftill firm to tlic 
 Englilli intereih This fervice the Brigadier had the good 
 fortune to perform, and the honour of giving liis name, in 
 memory of ir, to the lort he erected. It was called Fort 
 Stiin-j.'ix. 
 
 Whilft the iiitrenchmcnts of General Abcrcroniby indofal 
 him in fecurity, M, de M'.ntcalni exerted his ufual avftivity 
 in haiallin;: the frontiers, and in detaching parties to at- 
 tack the convoys of the linglilh. On the 17th of July, one 
 of thefe parties delhoyed three provincial oflicerj and up- 
 wards of tv/eniv men, at Half- way- jrook ; and on the iytlj 
 of the fame montli, one hundred and fixteen waggoners 
 and fixtcen rangers met with the fame fate between tluu 
 place and lort Ldwaul. Maj(n- Rogers was then detached 
 
 witii 
 
 1 I 
 
 N*-; I 
 
.1i\fs.\-rr 
 
 7'' //!<•<• /liti/r' ^jA. 
 
 'Hi 
 
 \ 
 
 f\ 
 
 i 
 
 (ii ' 
 
 .11 li mn ■ ! , I BI iii Hi ltfl WBMI—*'*'' 
 
// O.V.I f.\ I ///'J /, I. .1 
 
'iLI;iZIiif;;fii!!^^^^^^ 
 
 y/'/rAy /Idtft- /,fK. 
 
 ^//^' 7. I.^l 
 
'J 
 
 wk 
 
 i 
 
 y.*' 
 
 ■\ w 
 
 )>1.1I i 1 
 
 , Si.iA5 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 w'l'M a party of fcvcn hundred men, in quefl oF the enemy ; 
 but ihey had the good fortune to cfc.ipc him. On his return, 
 he met an exprcCs from the General, with orders to proceed 
 to {uiith and ea(l Bay, and return hy Fort Edward. Whilft 
 the Major was purfuing the rout prefcribcd him by thefc or- 
 (!ci-s, he was attacked, on the 8ih of Auguft, near the fpot 
 where Fort St. Anne flood, by about five hundred of the 
 enemy, his own number being reduced to five hundred 
 iml thirty men. But both lie and his men beliavcd witli 
 lb much fpiiit, that, in an hour, they broke ilie alliiil- 
 ants, and obliged them to retreat, though (luch was the 
 enemy's caution) without any profpe*5t of being able to dif- 
 ircfs thcni by a purfuit. In this avftion there fell one hun- 
 dred and ninety of the French; and the i".ngli(h loft about 
 tony, the mifling included. Major I'utnam and two lieu- 
 tenaius were made prifoners. 
 
 »59 
 
 1758. 
 
 rf 
 
 ' 111 'i '> 
 
 ij.;] 
 
 t 
 ll 
 
 The prodigious preparations againft Ticonderoga were car- 
 ried on by two or three gentlenivn, fubordinate in command; 
 hut men, in whofe military abilities, refolution, and atftivity 
 the army juftly confided. When Lord Howe was killed, a 
 kind of defpondency cnfued ; and the manner in which the 
 attack of that place was conducted, too plainly proved, that 
 tlicrc cxilled fufficicnt grounds for fuch defpondency. All, 
 however, that courage could do, was done. Although the 
 I.nglilh were beaten oil" by a number greatly inferior, they 
 1 tR not a jot of honour by their retreat. The mifcarriagc of 
 an ill-formed, ill-guided plan, cannot, with any coloiwof juf- 
 lice, he imputed to either the foldicrs or inferior oiliccrs who 
 iclolutcly attempted to carry it into execution. 
 
 1 k 
 
 '1' ' 
 
 ;» p 
 
 The 
 
1 6.) 
 
 U III 
 
 III S TO II Y OF Tirr. 
 
 'I'hc advantages rcfuhini-!; From the conqucfi of Fort Trontc- 
 nac have l)cca ahcMily rccorcLJ. Tlic pollcilioa oi" Fort du. 
 CHiclhc fccuivd the Frontiers oF tlic lav^lilh Fettlemcnts in 
 that part oF the continent From any Furtlicr mallacres by the 
 CaiuuUans and huhans, who uFed to find Ihcher in that plate. 
 For this reaFon, thougli the laigUfli loll many brave Foldicrs in 
 this campaign, they mull be allowed to have been, upon the 
 whole, gainers by it. The folc advantage on the l\dc oF the 
 French, was thf dcFcat oF the Fngliih at Ticondcroga ; ;iii,l 
 the folc Fruit oF that advantage, the opportunity oF im|noviii;i; 
 thcdcFencc oF their lines at that place againlt a fecond attack. 
 
 Thus concluded the fourth campaign, on the continent 
 oF North-America, oF that war of which we have imdertakeii 
 to write the hillory ; and the fufl expedition in which the 
 Englilli Fought under the adminirtration oF Mr. I'iit. His 
 plans oF operation, and his judgment in feleifling olliccrs to 
 CKCCute them, did not deceive the expecflations of the people. 
 The reduvlion oF Cape-Breton would, alone, have been Fiilli- 
 cient to indemniFy them for all their walled trcafine ; iiiice, 
 not to mention every advantage cxpc(5led From that conqucll, 
 it gave them poflellion oF a noble harbour, jullly deemed the 
 key to the river St. Lawrence; and From which they might, at 
 any time, fend a fleet into the gulF formed by the momh ot 
 that river, and thereby efleclually prevent any Fuccourb From 
 France being thrown into Canada. 
 
 A conqucll of fo much confeciucncc could not fail of recom- 
 mending its conqueror to the throne. Every military virtue 
 was chcridicd by the King. Reward was the Fin-e attendant 
 encourage and perfevcrancc ; and difgrace as certainly tol- 
 
 7 lowed 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lowed an oppofite condu<5V. General Abcrcromby was dif- 
 
 miflcd from his command, and General Amhcrft appointed 
 his fucceflbr. Accordingly, on the gth of November, tlic 
 latter, who was then at Halifax, received difpatchcs from 
 England, by the way of Bofton, with a commiflion, appoint- 
 ing him commander in chief of the Englifh troops in North- 
 America. Upon this he embarked, on the 19th, for Bollon, 
 where he landed the 3d of December. From thence he pro- 
 ceeded to New-York, where he arrived the 12th, and took 
 upon him the command of the army. On the 24th of January 
 following. General Abcrcromby failed for England in the 
 Rcnnington man of war. Brigadier Wolfe likcwife returned 
 to England, in confequcncc of permiflion granted him for 
 that purpofc in his letter of fervicc ; and Colonel Monckton 
 was left to command in Nova-Scotia. 
 
 THE 
 
 I 
 
 if 
 
 -.*^-'^/ 
 .?«#• 
 
T II E 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 •t ( 
 
 W i^ 
 
 ''':i f 
 
 ■; -M^"^ 
 
 Refolution taken in England to attack the French ijlands in the IVtj}- 
 
 Indies. Annament ordered for that purpofcy fails from En^Lind 
 
 arrives at Barbadoes f ails for Martinico. The troops 
 
 land, and march againfl Fort Royal. Refolution taken to attack 
 
 Saint Pierre. Troops reimbark. The armament proceeds againjl 
 
 Cuadaloupe. Baffe-Terre deflroyed.—— Troops land.' French 
 
 governor fummoned to furrender ; his anfwer.——Refolute behaviour 
 
 of the inhabitants. Seat of "war transferred to the eajlern pan 
 
 cf the ifland.' Fort Louis reduced. General llopfon dies ,■ is 
 
 fucceeded by General Barrington. Batteries in and about Itajfe- 
 
 Terre deflroyed ; and all the troops, except one regiment, draivn off. 
 
 French fleet df covered off Barbadoes ; general council of war 
 
 in confcquence thereof. French make ajljeiv of attacking the cita- 
 del of liaJfe-Tcr re. Colonel Defirifiy and others bloivn up and kiUcJ. 
 
 French driven back. EnglifJj attempt to furprfe Peti.'e- 
 
 Bourg mifcarry l.md at Arnouville carry St. Mary's 
 
 enter dpcferre. Inhabitants offer to furrcnder on terms 
 
 capitulate. 
 
l^AI)ALO[TPE.Tli(vAl<MV(V4il|aau(i((U)yAlAJ()lU;KNKUA:JVv^ 
 
 dr la Grautlr Rivierr 
 
( .Ki\ KUA; JVUimXCrrON TlirFl. IrbvC OALViODTniKMOOKK 
 
 Unartiii/fi'rM'.'Mtaiit !li.ttf>,i I'/'f/ic ll'ir i/i . Inu-ri. 
 
 1 <mui<lr Rtvierr 
 
THE 
 
 !ri 
 
 
 i 
 
 If 
 
 ,'•■ 
 
 M 
 
 ^1 
 
 Ui 
 
 i| 
 
 iKa 
 
 V . — 
 
 II 
 
 I S T O R Y or THE 
 
 CC IV 
 
 IK 
 
 C(l their danger, a 
 grcatctl precipitation, 
 unci the enemy were 
 liail tDrtilied wiih lines, am 
 
 I left their in 
 
 trcnchmcnts with tlic 
 
 I his pallagc did not coll a linglc man ; 
 iliU purlued to Pctit-Bourg. which ihcv 
 
 1 a re 
 
 doubt lilled with canno; 
 
 Here t 
 
 he Grenada bonU), Captain Uvedale, was emi 
 
 novca 111 
 
 throwing Ihells into the tort, w 
 
 lierc the enemy did not long 
 
 rernam 
 
 after they had dileovere 
 
 d in the rnG;lilh an intention to 
 
 occupy the heights aromv 
 
 1 them. They kit the I'-ngliHi maUer; 
 
 o 
 
 f the fort and the port, wi 
 
 ' »M rt"i / 
 
 li/i- rl:ivcrinff now 
 
 ih all the artillery and llores. 
 halted to get provilions for his 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 20s 
 
 The plan for this purpofc was, That Major-Gcneral Am- , '^59- 
 hcill. the commander in chief. fliouKl cndeMV(Mir to icflure 
 
 il 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 b^fidcs makuig harricarlcs on the road, to prevent hlr, ap- 
 proach to it. Accordingly they were foon perceived at this 
 work ; and it was, at tin- lame time, difcovcred, that there 
 was a polhbility of gaini.rj; their rear hy roads which they 
 thought impraaicable, and confe<iiiently had guarded with 
 very little care. A detachment was hereupon immediately 
 formed under G)lonel P.arlow, for this fervice ; and orders 
 were lent to haRen the artillery, which, from the hadnefs of 
 the roads, had not been able to get up. The fnft fliot from 
 the cannon, with the alarm which was given by the detach- 
 • - .u- «, .,L. .iw. iMWMTiv vrrv foon fenfiblc of their 
 
 i 
 
 fl 
 
^^^Ik 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 ^^H^, 
 
 ^^^^^^^^■',1 
 
 ^^H' 
 
 
 1/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■|i| i 
 
 
 204 
 
 HISTOIIY OF THE 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 H'SiK iiM, 1 
 
 ;■ 
 
 «7S9' 
 
 and Canadians, to maintain the pafs from the falls of the river 
 
 ... 1 ? <■•» T ...,■.,. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ,1 
 
 "0 
 
 LI 
 
 I* 
 
 i'M 
 
 •lij 
 
 1 90 
 
 1759. 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 other in the WcMndics. Kiglu hundred and fcvcnty negroes, 
 belonging to one pcrlbn only, furrcndercd this day. 
 
 Here the r.rigadicr \va3 met by Mcllicurs dc Ckinvillicrs and 
 du C^icruy,\vho were deputed by the principal inhabitants of die 
 iilai^ to know what capitulation would be granted them. The 
 Brigadier ordered them to be conduced to Fetit-Bourg, where 
 they v.cre prefented to General liarrington. The General, 
 confidering that his forces were now much reduced, and Hill 
 daily decrcanng; that part of the country remaining in tlie 
 hands of the French, was very dillicultof accefs ; and that tlicy 
 mi';ht ftill be reinforced from Martinico ; took the advantage 
 of dicir prefcnt panic, and fettled, without delay, »hc follow- 
 
LATr. WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the fcvcntccnth and tlic forty-fccond regiment, to the rifts 
 ,i,':ir ,Sfill-\v.itci- : :ind three hundred of the R!v)cle-iiland reei- 
 
 205 
 
 »759- 
 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ir. That wc fhall be fcnt to Martinico, in a good veflcl, well 
 provided, and by the fliortcll pifFagc. 
 Gkanted. 
 
 III. That the Commiflliry-General, ofllcers of juaice, admi- 
 rahy, and all fuch as have the King's eommillion, fliall 
 likcwife be lent to Martinico, in a good veOcl, well pro- 
 vided, and by the fhortell paflage. 
 
 Granted only for the Commiflliry-General, and ofllcers of 
 the admiralty ; and refufed to the others. 
 
 IV. That the ftalF and other oflicers fliall have leave to take 
 with them their wives and children to Martinico. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
[i'. 
 
 206 
 
 1759- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 On the 3cl of June, the rear of the army were ordered to 
 ..L-n rhP field. The General left Albany the fame day; and, 
 
 ll 
 
 r 
 
 I'. 
 
 ■Ill 
 
 ni m 
 
 ) J 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 HISlOnYOFTHE 
 
 Cantiinofonc of the ling's Ihips, to carry her to Mani- 
 nico, Avith her equipage, furniture, plate, and lervams 
 fuitable to her rani. ; and alfo to the Governors lady, and 
 the wives and widows of the ftair-orticers. 
 Granted ; one velfel for all the ladies. 
 VIII That Monf dc rolleviUe, Lieutenant-Governor of Marti- 
 nico. (hall have a good veflel to carry him and his volun- 
 teers thither, by the fliortell padligc, with only fuch arms, 
 baggage, and fervants as they brought with them. 
 
 Granted. 
 IX. That the Sieur Avril of Dominica, and his detachment, 
 
If- 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 arrcfl the bloody knife. The fhocking accounts, which almoft 
 hourly arrived of thefe outrages, produced the following or- 
 
 «1 
 
 t ! 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XIII. That there fliall be a rcafonablc time allowed for remov- 
 ing the furniture, clTcas, and cloaths that arc in the rcduit, 
 or other places, belonging to the pcrfons who arc to be fcnt 
 to Mariinico ; and that his Excellency General Barrington 
 fhall grant his protection for the fafc conveyance ot^tlic 
 above-mentioned eflbas to the place of conveyance. 
 Granted. 
 
 XIV. That there (hall be an hofpital-fliip provided for the 
 wounded and Tick that are in a condition to be removed ; 
 and that the reft (hall be taken care of. and fcnt with a flag 
 of truce to Martinico, as foon as they are recovered. 
 
 Granted ; thofe that remain fliall be taken care of at the 
 
 I 7 
 
 '93 
 
 
 r»vr\/it"* r*r% 
 
 -^f !*:« "xjt^fL /-^u. 
 
X 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 noons iwJ 'he boats, tluit ihc army miirht lofo no time in pro- 
 cccdin.i; on ilic intended cnurpil/e. Hut the dillieuliies otxa- 
 
 i^' 
 
 » 
 
 is < 
 
 
 
 ' I .i 
 
 
 
 ¥ I'll:'' "^vi 
 
 I0.| 
 
 >759' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 inula of Cifitubtlon bctiveai their EscclUnclcs and the Inhabhantt 
 
 of Gmulaloiipe. 
 
 Ak n.i.F. 1. The inhabitants fliall march out of their potts with 
 .ill the honours of war, viz. with two ficld-picccs, their 
 arms, colours Hying, drums bcatins. and lighted match. 
 
 tiR ANTED ; in confideration of the brave defence which the 
 inhabitants have made durin- an attack of three months, 
 upon condition that they lay down their arms us foon as they 
 have marched by our troops, and that all the forts, polls, bat- 
 teries, cannon, i.ionars, ilrelocks, and bayonets, with all kind 
 of ammunition and implements of war, be delivered to a 
 commili:irv to be named by us ; and that we Ihall have a 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 orders not to appear on the lake in the day-time ; but was fo 
 imnrudcnt as to difobcy them: in confcquencc of which 
 
 309 
 
 >7S9. 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 IV. Tlicy fliall obfcrvc a Uriel neutrality, and not be force ;l to 
 take up arms ag.iinll his Moft Chrillian M.^jcfly, or a.;;ii:i.l 
 any other power. 
 
 Grantfd; on condition that th-jy take an oath within a 
 niontli, or fooner, if pollible, to maintain all claufc;; of this 
 capitulation, as well as to remain cxatflly and faitlifully ucii- 
 tcr. 
 
 V. They fliall be allowed their civil government, their laws, 
 cuRoms, and ordinances; juflice fliall be adminillcrcd by 
 the fame pcrfons who are now in oHicc ; and what relates 
 to the interior police of the illand, Ihall be fettled betv^^cen 
 his Britannic MajcRy's Governor and the iuiiabitants. A:ul 
 
 
 fl^ ^ 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 This army confifted of the following forces t 
 
 T? 
 
 IT r ADC 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 ff » 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 IIhm 
 
 i' 
 
 1 
 
 fl 
 
 IP 
 
 r 
 
 f^ 
 
 « 
 
 If 
 
 l! 
 
 u 
 
 H 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ■i 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
 1 
 
 ) M| |V 
 
 % 
 
 'W' 
 
 ti 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 ' W: 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i^jyii. 
 
 'r. 1 
 
 196 
 
 ly;*). 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 VII. They fliall pay no other duties to his Britannic Majcfly 
 but lucU as they have hitherto paid to his Moll Chrilli.m 
 Miijeay, without any other charge or imixills -. the expcnccs 
 attending the adminitlnition of juaice, the penfions to cu- 
 rates, and other cullomary charges, Ihall be paid out of tlic 
 revenue of his Ihitannic M.ijelly, in the fame manner as 
 luider tlic government of his Moil C:iu-illian Majefly. 
 
 Grantid; but if this illand is ceded to his Britannic Ma- 
 jelly at the peace, it Ihall be liibjed to the fame duties and 
 impolls, as the otlicr lingliili Leeward lilands, the moll fa- 
 voured. 
 
 VIII. All nrifoncrs taken durinc: the attack of this illand fliall 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Whiting's regiment to have the batteau-guard; and Colonel 
 Bradrtreet was to make fiich difpofitions for them as he 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 GRANTED} but fuch oF ilie inliabitants as chufc to retire, 
 fliall have leave to fell to none, except fubjedls of Great Britain. 
 
 XII. In cafe there fliould be any exchange at the peace, their 
 Britannic and Moll Chrillian MajcUies, arc defired to give 
 the preference to this ifland. 
 
 This will depend on his Majelly's plcafurc. 
 
 XIII. The inhabitants fhall have liberty to fend their children 
 to be educated in France ; and to fend for them back ; and 
 to make remittances to them while there. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XIV. The abfent inhabitants, and fuch as arc in the fcrvicc 
 
 197 
 
 »750- 
 
 I*" M ' 
 
 ^ f 1 « 
 
2U 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 I7S9. met in his way to the Saw-Mills, where he now took pofti 
 '-■ ^ ' anti having clleaually fccured it, he advanced towards the 
 
 m^Y ,^ 
 
 .^ \ 
 
 
 n 
 
 'i 4 } ' 
 
 
 Hi*N'i < 
 
 
 HI 
 
 
 IM i 1 
 
 1 
 
 P J 
 
 i 
 
 
 L" kl 
 
 
 iff 
 
 h 
 
 !i 
 
 * 
 
 1; 
 
 iv 
 
 1 
 
 j 
 
 icjS 
 
 '/J 
 
 HISTORY or TIIK 
 cnloycd with the confcnt of their m.Her., on publie works, 
 iliail be paid I'or their labour. 
 
 XVIII The widows and o:bcr inhabitants who through ill- 
 ' neis abCenee, or any other inMuMnnent. cannot .mmedratc- 
 
 lyngn the eapitulation, mall have a hnuted tune allowed 
 
 them to accede to it. 
 
 Gr AN r. n ; but all the inhabitants, who eluife to partake of 
 the advanta.qe of the capitulation, (ball be obliged to l.gn .r 
 ^vilhin a month from the date hereof, or to quit the illanci. 
 Xr: Tlie men belonging to the privateers, and others who 
 " ; ' v.n.rrv in .be iiland, and are defuous to leave it. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the commandant, foon finding that the General was not only 
 well provided with every rcquifite to carry on the fiege, but 
 1/v. r.r.(Tnfihi\ of every military talent neceflary to em- 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 dom, which prohibit the carrying on of trade in any oilier 
 than Englilh bottoms. 
 
 XXII. The Deputies of the Crandc-Terre, not having a fufli- 
 cient power to fign the capitulation, though the colony ad- 
 heres to the conditions of it, luidcr the authority of M. Na- 
 dau, may fign it when they have their full powers, and they 
 
 11 he comprehended in all the tlaufcs. 
 
 wi 
 
 Gran Tin. 
 
 Given at the head-quarters in the Cane'5-Terrc. 
 
 Guadaloiipe, 
 ift M.iy, 1759. 
 
 J. Harrivcton. 
 Naual' d'UraiiL. 
 
 J 
 
 Moo; 
 
 OUN AiooaE. 
 De Hot roe. 
 
 T)V OlERY. 
 
 II 
 
 I 
 
'T' 
 
 
 ' ('I 
 
 !''• 
 
 V 
 
 too 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 humane in(luli;cncc, to which that uncommon fpirlt fccmcd 
 to entitle thiMi. 
 
 Pcforc this pcrioil which wc have laR recorded, Commo- 
 dore Moore luiviug received intelligence, that M. dc IJompart 
 had lailed i'vom Martinlco, with a delign to land a reinforce- 
 ment at C'.uadaUmpe, and that his fquadron was feen fcvcn 
 leagues to the windward of Marigalante, he failed from Prince 
 Rupert's Bay, and tinned to windward with all pollihlc dif- 
 patch ; carrying a prefs fail, night and day. with a view of 
 coming up with the enemy; nor did he ncgka any Hep 
 that coidd he taken for that purpofe. Had he purfued any 
 other courfe, the French commander might have run into the 
 
V 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMKUrCA. 
 
 The General now prepared for his return to I'n.ql.ind ; and, 
 wiih this view, he gave the Comtnodorc notice, that he in- 
 tended to I'eiKl back to Kni^lind, about tlic bcgiiuiing at fuiy, 
 part oi his troops in the tranlports which had brought them 
 out. hi confe(iuenee of this intimation, Conunodore Mootc 
 repaired with his Iquadron to Ikille-Terre road, where he was, 
 the next day, joinccl by two ihips from England. Tlu3 rein- 
 forcement gave his ftpiadron a great fuperiority over that of 
 the French, which, by this time, was(hicovered by the llippon 
 to have retired to the ifland of Grenada. The Commodore 
 was made acquainted with this circumllance ; but, before he 
 could weigh anchor, a frigate came in with fre(h intelligence, 
 that M. dc Uompart had (|uitted Grenada, and was fuppol'ed 
 
 201 
 i-SV. 
 
 ! H 
 
 :ll 
 
 I 
 
171 
 
 1 -i j ! 
 
 1 \ > 
 
 i 
 
 t! 
 
 
 IM ' 
 
 
 ' / 3 .'• 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 pro.ich, fcvcral others had turned our, and cndcavoufcd to 
 clcaj'O, but were intercepted and taken by the cruifcrs. 
 
 At five, the troops landed without the lead oppofition, the 
 town and citadel being abandoned ; and hoiiled the Englilh co- 
 lours on the latter about lix. A Genoefe dclcrtcr from the French 
 now gave information, that the enemy had but five companicsof 
 regular troops, fcarce making one hundred men, in the whole 
 illand ; and that a train was laid to blow up the powder ma- 
 gazine in the citadel, but that the garril'on had been obliged 
 to retreat with too much precipitation, to execute this defign. 
 Upon this the tr;iin was immediately cut ofl", and the maga- 
 zine laved. The guns had been all fpikcd up by the enemy, 
 but were afterwards drilled out by the matrofTcs. Part of the 
 troops lay upon their arms all night upon the rifing ground, 
 that overlooked the town ; part of them made themfelvcs mat- 
 ters of an advantageous pod upon a hill, about a mile to the 
 welt ; and part entered the town, which ftill continued in 
 flames. The fliip, in which was the phyficians and head fur- 
 geons, not having appeared from the time the fijuadron Iclt 
 the Englifh channel, it was juftly feared flie was loft. But 
 Ihc now providentially arrived, when Ihc began to be moil 
 wanted. 
 
 F.arly in the morning of the 25th, the French appeared on 
 the hills, to the number of about two thoufand. M. le Che- 
 valier Nadau d'Utriel, had fixed his head-quarters at the dif- 
 tancc of about four miles from the town ; and gave out, that 
 he would defend this poll, with another called the Dos d'Anc, 
 a little higlicr up the country, to the lad extremity ; fiiying, 
 Tlur, the Kngiilh having left them nothing but their lives, 
 they would fell them dearlv. 
 
 The 
 
 i 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 The Dos d'Anc is fituatcd about five miles from Baflc-Terrc 
 to the Ibuth-call, and is nothing more than a deep cleft or 
 pafliigc through the mountains, aflbrding a communication wirii 
 Capcs-Tcrre, a more level, and indeed very beautiful part of 
 theilland. This opening, in itfelf hilly, flony and rugged, had 
 been rendered very practicable by a tolerable road the French 
 had made through it ; and, had an attempt been made on this 
 pais at the firll landing of the troops, whilft the inhabitants 
 were yet under the dominion of a panic, it might, perhaps, 
 have been attended with fuccefs. General Hopfon had fixed 
 his head-quarters in the town of Bafle-Terre, at the Govern- 
 ours houfe, or rather in the ruins of it ; and fent a flag of 
 truce, with an offer of terms to M. d'Utricl ; but this gentle- 
 man thought proper to rejeift them by a letter, in which he- 
 lays, 
 
 " The terms your Excellencies offer mc, arc fuch as can 
 only be dictated by the eafy ac(iuilition you have made of the 
 town and citadel of Baile-Tcrrc ; for, othcrwii'c, you mull do 
 mc the juHicc to believe, that I would not have received 
 
 them. 
 
 "The force you have with you is indeed fufTicicnt to give 
 you pofTeflion of the extremities of the ifland, but as to the 
 inland part we there have an equal chance with you. 
 
 " In regard to any confequences that may attend my refulal 
 of the terms propofed, I am pcrfuaded they will be i'uchonly». 
 us art authoriled by the laws of war. But fhould it happen ■ 
 otlicrwifc, we have a mailer who is powerful enough to re- 
 venge any injury we may fuflain. 
 
 Gii,Kl.i!uupc, NADAU irUTUILI.." 
 
 January 27, 17^ ,. j 
 
 The 
 
 ^7S 
 
 '759- 
 
 ■f V 
 

 
 h t 
 
 J- 
 
 ('if' -^'1 
 
 ;<* '1 1* ? 
 
 W" 
 
 176 
 
 1751. 
 
 ' HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The condiK't of M d'Utricl did not corrcfpond with the fpirit 
 of this anfwer. A gallant behaviour and a worthy example 
 dm-iiig the lirll attack would have done him honour. But, in- 
 ftcad of this, he retired to a plantation diflant from danger; 
 and remained an ina-flivc fpciftator of the ruin of the capital, 
 and every other dilgracc, which, the fame day, attended the 
 Trench arms. Nor did he the next morning take any precau- 
 tions to prevent the landing of the Englifli troops, who had 
 the difficulty of a rugged fliore and a violent furf, to fur- 
 mount : And, even after their landing, when he might have de- 
 fended the entrenchments, and the lines which were evcrv 
 where thrown up, he flew from them, in fpite of all the ad- 
 vantages of ground and ficuation, which, in a manner, foli- 
 cited him to defend them. 
 
 The General, as if convinced of M. cVUtriel's want of real 
 courage, notwithftanding his bluftering anlwer, propofed to 
 try the efTecl of a fecond me/Tagc ; but the Commodore warm- 
 ly oppofcd it ; advifmg him to purfuc his blow, before the 
 enemy could recover from the conllcrnation into which they 
 were thrown ; and olfored to afllft him in doing it with tiic 
 marines on board the fleet. Mr. Moore the more flrongly re- 
 commended this meafure, as he knew the nature of the climate, 
 and that the troops were likely to fuller more by ricknels than 
 oppofltion. And it mull be owned, that, had this advice been 
 adopted, the illanil would have been, in all probability, fooncr 
 reduced, as the pofls the enemy polFcfl^cd on .lie Capes-Terre 
 fide, were not as yet fortiiicd. 
 
 The inhabitants now exerted themfclvcs like men engaged 
 in the defence of every thing that was dear to them. They 
 haruHLd the troops, on all occaiions, with the grcatell rc- 
 
 foluiiou 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 roll! lion and activity, firing upon them from every fu.rjar 
 plantation that lay in their way. But this proved a very fliort 
 rcfourcc. Tlic Englifli reduced to allies every place that 
 could afford them any flielter ; and at one in particular, where 
 a body of armed negroes had concealed thcmfelvcs in the 
 canes, and from thence annoyed the troops, they fet fne to the 
 Icvcral corners of the field, and burnt the negroes and the 
 canes together. Madam Ducharmey, with the valour of an 
 Amazon, not only armed her flaves, but, heading them in pcr- 
 fon, made fcvcral attempts on fomc advanced polls, and threw 
 up fomc intrenchments upon a hill oppofitc to a pofl com- 
 manded by Major Melville. At length, orders being given to 
 attack the works of this heroine, they were immediately exe- 
 cuted ; the intrenchments were carried, the houfcs were burnt, 
 the plantations dellroyed ; and it was with the grcatcfl: difli- 
 culty, that Madam Ducharmey made her cfcapc. This af- 
 fair cod the Englilli about twelve men killed, and thirty 
 wounded. 
 
 A redoubt, with fcvcral intrenchments, had been by this 
 time thrown up at M. d'Utriel's head-quarters ; and mofl 
 of the french troops affemblcd there. On the 6th of Febru- 
 ary, early in the morning, a detachment of them, in their 
 way towards the citadel, fell in with a party of the Englifli, 
 wliicli they engaged with fo much ardom-, that the whole line 
 ot die Englifh camp got under arms to their fupport. But, 
 ar length, the French, after a warm difpute, were defeated, 
 without any afliftancc. 
 
 All this while, tiic natives endeavoured as much as pofllbic 
 toharafsihe troops in fniall parties, and carry on their dc- 
 
 A a fence 
 
 1/7 
 
 v\ 
 
 \'%\A 
 
s If" 
 
 'r*^ ; 
 
 i^S HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 1759- fence in flying platoons. Inured, themfelvcs, to the climate, 
 tlicy had Utile to apprehend from its Icorching heat ; and 
 were, hclidcs, encouraged to bear it from the influence they 
 \cry well knew it muft have on an European conftitution. 
 And, indeed, the EnglKh army and navy now began to feci 
 its cfTcifls ; they were attacked with fevers, and other epide- 
 mical difcafrs to fach a degree, that it was thought neccflary 
 lo lend five hundred fick to the ifland of Antigua. 
 
 The difllculty of reducing the iflanders, in the manner hi- 
 therto purfued, increafing from day to day, it was refolvcd 
 to transfer the feat of war to the eafl;ern and more fertile part 
 of the ifland, called Grandc-Tcrre . With this view, fomc 
 men of war were detached from the fquadron, to take poflcf- 
 fion of Fort Louis. The Berwick, Roebuck, Renown, Wool- 
 wich, Bonctta, two bombs, and three tenders, were ordered 
 on this fcrvice ; and on the 13th of February, after a fevcre can- 
 nonading of fix hours, the Highlanders and the marines were 
 landed, drove the enemy from their intrenchments, hoiftcd 
 the Englilh colours on the fort, and kep. poflTeflion of it. 
 After this expedition, the men of war were ordered to cruize 
 all round the ifland, to prevent the landing of any fuccours 
 from St. Euftatia ; and this fcrvice they cflcctually performed, 
 the enemy, by their own confellion, having had no provifions 
 in the mountains, nor any fupply from clfewhere, but what 
 they drew from their fl.ores in Baflc-Terre. However, the 
 more clTcclually to anfwer this end, the Rippon and Briftol 
 were ordered to fail to St. Euftatia, there to cruize, and pre- 
 vent the Dutch attempting to throw into Guadaloupc that 
 afliflance, which the inhabitants were now unable to procure 
 tor ihemlelves. 
 
 General 
 
 
 mM^ 
 
 !SS5!tefc,^,^__^ 
 
 ,C3M~ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 General Hopfon, who had been for fomc time in a bad 
 ftatc of health, died on the 27th ; by which the command 
 of the forces devolved upon Major-General Barrington, who, 
 on the 28th, ordered the army to flrike their tents, and to hut. 
 On March the ift, at break of day, the army was hutted ; 
 and the enemy fo amufcd by it, as 10 imagine that the 
 General propofed ftill to continue the attack -, but, a few days 
 after, the detachments at the out- polls were all drawn in ; the 
 batteries in and about the town of BafTc-Tcrre blown up and 
 (leftroyed ; and the whole army, except one regiment, brought 
 off and rcimbarked on board tranfports, the whole, by break 
 of day, and without the lofs of a man. 
 
 The regiment left 1 fliore was to gariifon the citadel, the 
 government of which was conferred on Colonel Defbrifay. 
 The St. George and Buckingham were left to cover the garri- 
 fon, in cafe of any attack from the enemy; and this proved a 
 happy precaution. The French no fooncr perceived the mo- 
 tion of the troops, than they dcfcended from the redoubt, 
 fct fire to the huts, and entered the town. Upon this, Colonel 
 Delbrifay fired upon them from the citadel, beat down and 
 burnt the houfcs which they occupied, and at the fame time 
 made a fally, in which he took fomc prifoncrs ; the reft made 
 the bcft of their way back to the redoubt. 
 
 ; I 
 
 « 
 
 /y, m 
 
 Ahhough the fleet failed on the 7th of March, it was the 
 nth before all the fliips of war and twenty-five tranfports 
 came to an anchor at Tort Louis, owing to the very great dif- 
 ficuhy of turning to windward. Accordingly, the others 
 U'crc driven to Iccwcrrd, or wtfrc prevented by the winds and 
 llrong currents from weathering the point of the S.iintcs. The 
 
 A a z General, 
 
iSo HISTORY OF TIIE 
 
 1:50. General, tlmt night, went on llioro to view the works tliat 
 '' were carryuig on by a detachment which had ahcady been font 
 
 thitlicr from Baflc-Tcrrc. On the 13th, he went in a boat to 
 reconnoitre the coall on both fides of the bay, in order to fmd a 
 proper place to make a dcfcent. But ComnKjdorc Moore having 
 acquainted him, in the evening ol' that day, that he had re- 
 ceived certain intelligence of a French fquadron, of nine fail 
 of tlic Unc and two frigates, having been fecn to the north- 
 ward of Barbadocs, and that it was therefore nccciFary for 
 liim to cvxchangc his pref'cnt for fomc more advantageous fitu- 
 aiion ; Mr. Barrington, the next day, called together the gene- 
 ral olliccrs, to confidcr what, in the prefcnt juncture, was 
 bell to be done. The rcfidt of this council was. That, not- 
 wiihftanding the divided lUitc of the troops, by the fcpai'ation 
 of the tranfports, the weak Hate of Fort Louis, and the im- 
 pofllbility of fupplying it with water but from the fliips, it 
 would be more for his Majefty's fervicc, and the honour of 
 his arms, to do the utmoll to keep poflefllon of it, and 
 wait for fomc further intelligence of the motions of \\\z 
 enemy. 
 
 The French fleet had now come to an anchor in the bay of 
 I'ort-Royal. It was commanded by M. de Bompart, lieute- 
 nant-general, and chef d'el'cadrc, and had on board fomc 
 troops intended for the relief of Martinico, in cafe he foimd 
 it iaveflcd by the Englifli. It was very praifUcablc for M. dc 
 Bompart to throw fuccours into Grande-Terrc, as it was im- 
 poilible at the lame time for Mr. Moore, conlidering the fitua- 
 tion of liis fquadron, to put to fea. A refolution was there- 
 fore taken to call iu the eiuifmg Ihips, and fail inuuediately 
 to Prince lluperi's 13ay in Dominico, the only place where hiu 
 
 I flijys 
 
 :'||ii^ m i 
 
 1 / 
 
 
 i^ i I .' 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fliips could rendezvous and unite. Here he refreflied his 
 men, who were grown fickly by fubfifting on fah provifions j 
 here he lupplied his fhips with plenty of frcfli water; here he 
 h;ul intcrcourlc once or twice a-day with General Barrington, 
 by means of fniall veflcls, which palled and repaflcd from one 
 iihind to the other. IJy continuing in this fituation, he like- 
 wile maintained a communication with the Englifli lee- 
 ward iflands, the inhabitants of which, on account of 
 their defencelefs condition, were conllantly foliciting the 
 Commodore's protecSlion ; and here he lupported the army, 
 the commander of which was unwilling he fhould remove to 
 a greater dillance. Had he failed to Port-Royal, he would 
 liavc found the enemy's ftjuadron fo difpofed, that he could 
 not attack it to advantage, unlefs M. de Bompart had been 
 inclined to hazard an aclion. Had he come to an anchor 
 in tlie bay, all his crullers mull have been employed in con- 
 veying provifions and ftores to the I'quadron. Bcfides, he 
 could not have procured any frclh provilions or water; nor 
 could he, in lefs than eight or ten days, have had intelligence 
 oF, or communication with the army or the leeward illands. 
 
 Afier all, this was but avoiding the greater evil: The pri- 
 vateers of the enemy took advantage of this movement. 
 They fkulked out along the coails, and took between eigluy 
 and ninety fail of Engliih merchant-men, which they carried 
 into Martinico. 
 
 Thcfe frequent captures occafioncd heary complaints from 
 the inhabitants of the Britilh illands. They faid, it was ascufy 
 to Iiave anchored in Port-Iloyal, as in Prince Rupert's Bay ; and 
 ihat by anchoring in the former, two ends would have been aii- 
 iwcred: ihe iToncli men of war could nut have got out, nor the 
 
 pri/.cr, 
 
 Vi 
 
 i 
 
 ■i Ml, 
 
 t 
 
 h^V) ''■ 
 
I' ( 
 
 V I 
 
 i^M 
 
 .'T •[ 
 
 WW 
 
 i8a 
 
 »7S9- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 prizes to their privateers have got in ; fo that the latter mud 
 have fallen into the hands of the Enghfli cruifcrs, no harbour 
 being then open to the French privateers, but St. Pierre's or 
 Grenada, either of which could at any time be blocked up by 
 
 a lingle frigate. 
 
 It was likcwife alTcrtcd, that if the Englifli had made their 
 appearance oiV Port-Royal Bay, M. de Bompart would have 
 been reduced to the alternative, either of engaging with a fu- 
 pcrior force, or of retiring, behind the citadel, into the Ca- 
 renagc, to avoid it; and fo leave to Mr. Moore room to conic to 
 an anchor with his fciuadron between Fort Negro and Pigeon 
 illand, where he lay before. 
 
 The fleet being failed, the General continued to ere<ft works 
 for the fecurity of the camp, and for the finifhing, as well as 
 flrcngthcning, the lines, At length, the chief engineer, who 
 happened to be in one of the tranfports which could not get 
 up fooncr, being arrived, he made a report of the weaknof;! 
 of the fort ; and, though a council of war had deemed it not 
 tenable, the General determined to pollefs it, till fome future 
 event might point out to him what other Hep it might be 
 proper to take for his Majelly's fervice. He reflected on the 
 Hate of the army under his command, and the little probabi- 
 lity there was of fiicceeding with them, in any attempt to re- 
 duce the country, without the afllftance of the fliips of war 
 to cover their landing. However, he determined to make a 
 defccnt on the coaft of Grande-Terrc. For that purpofe he or- 
 dered Colonel Crump, with a detachment of lix hundred men, 
 to embark on board ibme of the tranfports which carried the 
 moil guns, and endeavour to land between the towns of Sr. 
 
 4 Anne 
 
['icrrc s or 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Anne and St. rran9ois, and dcftroy their batteries ; and the 
 Colonel happily performed this fervicc with very little lofs. 
 
 The General imagined, that, by his fending Colonel Crump 
 to attack the towns of St. Anne and St. Franjois, the enemy 
 would be obliged to detach fomc of their troops from the poll 
 of Gofier. "With this view, two days after the Colonel had 
 failed, he ordered the only three hundred men he had left, 
 to be put on board the tranfports, and lie off Gofier j and, 
 on the morning of the 2yth, he reconnoitred the battery and 
 the intrenchmcnts ; and, the enemy appearing Ids numerous 
 than for fome time before, he made a difpofition to force 
 them by two different attacks. Tiiis tlie troops executed tlic 
 next morning, at fim-rifing, with great fpirit and refolu- 
 tion-, and, notwithflanding the fire of the enemy from their 
 imrenchments and their battery, foon carried both with very 
 little lofs, and drove the enemy into the woods. The cannon 
 and the battery were immediately deftroyed, together with the 
 town. Succefs having attended this attempt, the General or- 
 dered the detachment to force its way to Fort Louis j and at 
 the fame time fent orders for the garrifon to make two 
 fallies; one to the right, in hopes of putting the enemy be- 
 tween two fires; and the other, to attack their lines. The 
 fail was made ; but, by fomc millake, the other was not exe- 
 lutcd. The detachment from Gofier forced their way with 
 fomc lofs, in fpitc of a very ftrong pafs which the enemy 
 occupied; and took a battery of three twenty-four-poundcrs,. 
 which the next day was to have played on the camp. 
 
 V V.i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 During thefc tranfinflions, the French, at the redoubt and 
 the Dos-d'Anc, came down upon Colonel Dcibrifay in the cita- 
 del 
 
 tl 
 
 \ ^ 
 
! I. 
 
 ■f 
 
 Vh 
 
 V 
 
 IB4 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 <lcl of Paflc-Tcrrc ; and, having got a thirtccn-inch mortar 
 from iMartinico, threw fomc fliclls into it from the neigh- 
 bouring hills. They hkewifc crecTietl a battery, and kept 
 playing with it upon the new works thrown up by the Go- 
 vernor. Now and then, they made a fliew of aflault in the 
 body of the place, but were as often difperfed by the fire from 
 the garrifon ; which, not content with barely defending itfclf, 
 made frc(iuent fallies to annoy the enemy. 
 
 On one of thefe occafions, a twenty-four pounder happened 
 to be fired too near a barrel of powder, placed in a Hone fentry- 
 box, at the angle of the fouth-eaft baft.ion; the wadding fet fire 
 to it, and it blew up the Governor, Major Trollop, one lieute- 
 nant, two bombardiers, and feveral men that were on the 
 platform. Colonel Delbrifay and Major Trollop were taken 
 up dead, being thrown at a great diftancc into the heart of 
 the place i but fome of the men, though greatly hurt, reco- 
 vered. 
 
 By this unhappy ace ident, the army was deprived of two 
 gallant and experienced officers ; and the citadel loft a bold and 
 atftive governor when it mod wanted fuch an officer to defend it. 
 The diforder occafioned by this explofion induced the Incnili 
 to come down in great numbers from the hills; but tluy 
 were foon beat buck. Major Melville, who hud particul.uly 
 diilinguilhed himfclf, and who commanded the detachment 
 of the thirty-eighth regiment, was appointed governor, in the 
 place of Colonel Delbrifay. The General ordered him to 
 caufe a detachment of three hundred men to fiilly out, under 
 the command of Captain Blomer, on the ill of April, to at- 
 tack a bomb-battery, and other works of the enemy; ami 
 
 the 
 
 t\ i\ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the Ciptain met with no great ditncuhy in carrying tlicm. 
 The chief engineer, and the commanding oflicer of the ar- 
 tillery, were then fent to the citadel, that no time might be 
 loll in putting it again into a proper Hate of defence. 
 
 IJy this time, the remaining pait of the tranfports, with the 
 troops on board tliem, were arrived. A plan, therefore, was 
 formed, in confcquencc of the information of fomc negroes, 
 and their promifmg to condu«I?l the troops by night, in flat- 
 bottomed boats, to furprife I'e tit- Doing, Cuoyavc, and vSt. 
 Mary's, upon the Guadaloupe fide, and all at one and the 
 iitme time. The firil of thefe fervices was to be performed 
 by Brigadier Crump; who, as foon as he liad carried his 
 point, was to march to Bay-Mahaut, and deftroy the bat- 
 teries there, as well as a large magazine of pro\ifions, 
 which the enemy had formed by the help of the Dutch, and 
 to prevent the arrival of any more Dutcli fliips. The fc- 
 cond of thefe fervices was entrulled to Brigadier Claver- 
 ing; who, after furprifing St. Mary's and Guov .ve, was to 
 march into the Capes-Tcrre, and reduce that fine country. The 
 fruits of the fuccefs of this plan were evident, not only to 
 tlic General, but to thofe who were to execute it. But the 
 night proved fo bad, and the negro conductors were fo much 
 frightened, that they ran feveral of the boats on tlie flioals, 
 of which the coall is full. Brigadier Clavering, indeed, land- 
 ed with about eighty men; but it was on a fpot fo full of 
 mud and mangrove trees, that he was obliged to return, 
 tliough not without being dilcovcred by the enemy. Force 
 now became necefi^ary to execute what Uratagcm could not 
 accomplilh. The General, therefore, who, at this critical 
 time, happened to be laid up with a moll fevere fie of the 
 
 B b gout, 
 
 1 8^ 
 
 >7S9- 
 
 i 
 
 ' I 
 
'I ll 
 
 fit 
 
 J! I!'. 
 
 ' i; 
 
 :j^h 
 
 ,8^ IirSTOUY OF THE 
 
 >759- cjour, font nrigadicrs Clavcring and Crump to reconnoitre the 
 
 ^~~' coall near Arncniville; ami, in conleciuencc ot their rcpon, 
 
 ordered tliirteen hundred regulars and one hundred and '\t\y 
 
 oF the Antigua volunteers, to land, under the protection of 
 
 the Woolwich. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 12th of April, at day-break, they were 
 put on fhore at a b.iy not far dlilant from Arnouville. The 
 enemy made nu op}X;liiion to their landing, but retired to very 
 llrong intrcnchmcius behind the river /,</ Cx>rnt: This poll was 
 to them of the greatcll importance; and therefore they had 
 fpared no pains to flrcngthen it, thougli the fituation was fuch 
 as required very little aflillancc from art. The river was ac- 
 cclfible only at two narrow palfes; and thofe they had occu- 
 pied with a redoubt and we U-pali faded intrenchmcnr, de- 
 fended v;ith cannon, and all the militia of that part of the 
 country. It was inipolliblc to approach tlicm but with a very 
 contracled front ; lb coi^tra6ted as, at length, to be reduced to 
 the breadth of the roads, which were interfec^ed with deep 
 and wide ditches. The artillery was ordered to keep a ton- 
 ilant fire on the top of the intrenchments, to cover an attack 
 \vhich was tc be made by Duroure's regiment, and the High- 
 landers, who behaved, on this occaiLon, with the greatell coul- 
 nefs and relblution, keeping up, as they advanced, a regular 
 platoon-iiring. This gallant behaviour io much intiaiidatcd 
 the French, that they abandoned an intrcnchment on the Itfr, 
 when the Higlilanders threw themfelves into it, fword-in- 
 hand, and, with part of Duroure's, purfucd them into the 
 redoubt. The French in the right intrcnchment lUil kept 
 their ground, and annoyed the ailailants both with mulketry 
 and cannon i and, though thofc who hud canicd the liric 
 
 intrench- 
 
 -:^^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Intronchnicnr, had gained their rear, they could n')t ^cr up 
 10 it, till a biidi^c could he made t) pals the river. This 
 took up near half an hour; notwithlUndin!T which, the Eng- 
 lilh eroded it time cnouijh to take about Icventy rrcnch, as 
 they were endeavouring to make their cicapg; and, amongfl 
 them, were I'omc of the moll conliderablc inhabitants of the 
 ilknd. Thcfe intrcnchments contained fix pieces of cannon, 
 yet were gained with the lofs of only thirteen men killed, an J 
 two ofllcei^ and llliccn men wounded. As i'oon as the ditches 
 could be filled up for the pallage of the artillery, Urigadier Cla- 
 vcring marched towards Tctit-l^ourg. A confiderahle num- 
 ber of the enemy had lined an intrenchment aboiu hah" a 
 mile on the left of the road ; but when they perejivcd the 
 Englifli troops cndcavoin-ing to furround them, they aban- 
 doned it ; keeping conllantly, however, within about two 
 hundred yards in the front of the Engli(h, and fetting fwe, as 
 they retreated, to the fugar canes ; which often made it ncccf- 
 fary for their purfucrs to avoid the road, to prevent any acci- 
 dent happening to their powder. 
 
 The Englifli troops arrived late on the banks of the Lizard, 
 beyond the only ford of wdiich, the French had throv/n up 
 very (Irong intrcnchn>cn(«. 1 helc were protciiled by four 
 pieces of cannon on the hill in their rcai-. The banks of the 
 river being reconnoitred, and it appearing from the lituatioii 
 of tiicm, that it might cofl a great number of men to force ir. 
 Brigadier Olavmng kept up the attention of the enemy the 
 whole night, by fn-ing into their lines; and, in the mean 
 time, got two canoes conveyed about a mile and a half down 
 the river, and ferryed over, by means of them, before break 
 of day, a fuflicient number of men to attack the French in 
 flank, whilU he did the fame in front. The Frcncli foon per- 
 
 B b 2 ccived 
 
 iS; 
 
 >/?''• 
 
 n 
 
 h, 
 
 I 
 
 ,1 f 4 
 
 1 ' 
 
m 
 
 If i 't ... 
 
 iss HISTORY or Tllli: 
 
 I -^^9. ccivcd their danger, and left their intrcnchir»cnts with the 
 greatcil precipitation. \ Ills palliigc did not cod a fingle man ; 
 and tlie enemy were Uill purliied to Petit-Bourg, which ihev 
 liad h-nilied with lines, and a redoubt iiiled with cannon. 
 ]lcre ilie Grenada bomb, Captain Uvedale, was emplo\\d in 
 throwing Ihells into the fort, where the enemy did not long 
 remain after they had dil'covered in the Fnglilh an intention to 
 occupy the heights around them. They left the F.nglifli madcrj 
 of the fort and the port, with all the artillery and (lores. 
 
 brigadier Clavering now halted to get provifions for his 
 men; and, on the ijth, Brigadier Crump was detached with 
 feven hundred men to the I'.ay-Mahaut, and Captain Steil, widi 
 one lumdred, to CJuoyavc, to dcllroy a battery there. The panic 
 of the enemy was fuch, that they jull difcharged their cannon at 
 ihc latter, and then abandoned their pod, tlio'it miglit have been 
 defended againd an army. He nailed up [even pieces of cannon, 
 and retired il:e lame evening to Petit-Bourg. Brigadier Crump, 
 mc next day, returned from the Bay-Mahaut, where he found the 
 town and batteries abandoned. Thefc he dcflroyed, wirh fonic 
 proviiions which had been landed there by the Dutch, before 
 the I'nglifli attacked the illand; and he reduced the \\h.)k 
 country as far as Pctit-Bourg. The heavy rains which fell on 
 the fiuceeding days, fwcllcd the rivers fo much, that ic was 
 impoflible to advance any farther ; but the Knglifh took advan- 
 tage of this circinuftanec to tlrengihen the poll at Petit-Bourg. 
 
 r)n i!ic iHth, in the evening, the Antigua volunteers again 
 took podcfTion of Guoyave ; and, on the 20th, Brigadier Cla- 
 vering, after leaving a fmall garrifon at Petit-Boiug, "moved 
 on to Guoyave, in order to proceed to St. Mary's, where he 
 was informed, tliat the enemy were collecting their whoK- 
 lorcc to oppol'c him, and had thrown up iiurenchments, 
 
 belidc". 
 
 L 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 bcfidcs making barric:iflc3 on the road, to prevent hir, ap- 
 proach to it. Accord ingly they were loon perceived at this 
 work; and it was, at tlu- lame time, dilcovered, that there 
 was a pollibility oF gaiiiiir^ their rear hy roads which they 
 thought inipradicable, and confeiiiiently had guarded with 
 vciy httic care. A detachment was hereupon immediately 
 formed under Colonel Harlow, for this fervice ; and orders 
 were lent to haften the artillery, which, from the badnefs of 
 the roads, had not been able to get up. The firfl. fliot from 
 the cannon, with the alarm which was given by the detach- 
 nicnt in the rear, made the enemy very foon fenfible of their 
 danger; and indeed their precipitate flight alone fiived them 
 from being all taken jirifoners. They were pmfued as far 
 as the heights of St. Mary's, where the Kngliih again formed 
 for a frefli attack on the lines and batteries, by which thcfe 
 heights were defended. 
 
 AVhilfl: the barricades were levelling for the pafTage of the 
 artillery, a fecond attempt was made to penetrate the woods, 
 antl gain the precipices that covered the Hanks of the ene- 
 my's lines ; but, before the cannon could arrive, the Trench 
 jK'rcciving the motion made for that ptn-poCe, began to 
 (luit their lines to oppofe it. 'liii > produced a relolution in 
 the I'.nglilh to make an attack in front, without any fartiier 
 delay ; and they made it, accordingly, v/ith ib much vivacitj-, 
 that, notwithflanding the conllant lire both from the cannon 
 and nuilketry of the French, they drove them from their artiU 
 lery, and obliged tliem to retire in ("d much confufion, that 
 they never afterwards made head, ihigulicr Clavering took 
 up his quarters at St. Mary's the fucceeding night, atid, the 
 next day, entered the Capes-Terre, which is the richell and mofl 
 beautiful part of the whole illand, and exceeds perhaps any- 
 other 
 
 i 
 
 y/ 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 ■ . ' ♦ - 
 
 ll J 
 
I( I 
 
 '759- 
 
 - II r STORY or TTIE 
 
 other in tlic WcMndics. Eigln hundrcc! and fcvcnty negroes, 
 belonging to one pcrfon only, furrcndcrcd tins day. 
 
 Here tlic Brigadier wis met by Melllcurs de Clfiinvillicrs and 
 duOncriiy.wbo were deputed by the principal inhabitants ol" the 
 illand to know what capitulation would be granted them. Tiic 
 Brigadier ordered theni to be conduded to I'etit-Bourg, where 
 thcv v.cre prefentcd to General Ilarrington. The General, 
 conlldering that his forces were now much reduced, and Hill 
 dailvdecrcafing; that part of the country remaining ia the 
 hands of the French, was very dillicultof acccfs ; and that tl:cy 
 miaht Hill be reinforced from Martinico ; took the advantac-t: 
 of their prefcnt panic, and fettled, without delay, *hc follow- 
 ing terms of capitulation : 
 
 Jlrtich-s of Qipitnlation bctiveen their Excellencies the Honourable 
 Major General Barrin^ton, and John Moore., Ffynire., connn.wdas 
 in chief of his Ihilanuie Majijl/s land and /la forces in thcfe fens ; 
 and M. Kj.dau d'l'tiiel^ governor, for his Mofi Chriflian Majcjly, of 
 Cuadalcupc, Grande-'J'erre, D<feada, and the Saintes. 
 
 AuTicLi: I. \Vc, the Ciovcrnor, llafF and other officers of the 
 regular troops, fhall march out of our pods, with one mor- 
 t:u-, two field-piece;; of brafs cannon, with ten round", fof 
 each piece, arms, baggage, and the honours of war. 
 
 GRAsrrp, except the mortar; and as to the cannon, wc 
 will allow only foiu' roimds for each piece ; and on condition, 
 that the troops of jiis liritatmic Majelly Ihall take poirdii.)!! of 
 the dilTerciu pofis of the three rivers, and the hofpital, to- 
 morrcAv morning, the 2(1 of iM.iy, at eight oMock ; and that 
 all the magazines of provifions, ammunition, and implements 
 of- war, as well as all papers relating to the revenue, be deli- 
 vered into the poflcllion of a commiHary, to be named by us 
 for tliar purpofe. 7 
 
 II. Tliat 
 
 ti- I 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 II. That \vc fhall be fcnt to Mariinico, in a good vcfTcl, well 
 provided, and by the fliortcll paflagc. 
 
 Gkanted. 
 
 III. That the CommifHiry-Gcncral, ofllccrs of juRicc, admi- 
 ralty, and all fuch as have the King's commillion, fliall 
 likcwifc be lent to Martinico, in a good vefTcl, well pro- 
 vided, and by the fhortell pafliige. 
 
 Granted only for the Commiflliry-Gencral, and ofllccrs of 
 the admiralty ; and rcfufed to the oihers. 
 
 IV. That the ftafl' and other ofllccrs fliall have leave to take 
 with them their wives and children to Martinico. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 V. That the IlafF and other ofllccrs fliall have the fame num-- 
 bcr of fcrvants granted them, as were allowed by the Molt 
 Chriflian King, viz. to the Commiflary General, twcnty- 
 fo'T; to the Lieutenant-Governor, eighteen; to the Fort-- 
 Major, fifteen ; to the captains, twelve each ; to the licute-- 
 nants, J,^' ' each; and to the enfigns, fix each. 
 
 Gu A N 'I ^ ^ . 
 
 VI. Thar it fliaii be allowed to all the ofllccrs who have cf^itcs 
 in this colony (except to me the Governor, unlcfs the Kii g 
 permits me alfo\ to appoint attornics to aifl for them until 
 the peace -, and, if the ifland be not then ceded, the above- 
 mentioned ofllccrs fhall have leave to fell their cllates, and- 
 carry ofl' the protluce. 
 
 Gr.'.nteu. 
 
 VII. That a good vcfll-I fliall be allowed to the lady of Monf. 
 Duelicu, Lieutenant-Govcinor-General of the illands, and 
 
 Captain 
 
 '759- 
 
 « 
 
 y\ 
 
 !H 
 
 [•>! .r 
 
192 
 
 1759- 
 
 -./^ 
 
 HISIORY OF THE 
 
 Captain of one of the King's fliips, to carry her to Maiii- 
 nico, with her cqiiipiiL,'e, fui-niturc, plate, and fervants, 
 
 fuitable to her ranlv ; ami alfo to the Governor's lady, and 
 
 the wives and widows of the flalT-ofliccrs. 
 
 Granted ; one velFel for all the ladies. 
 
 Vlir, That Monf de Follcvillc, Lieutenant-Governor of Marti- 
 nico, fhall have a good veflcl to carry liim and his volun- 
 teers thither, by the fliortell pafTagc, with only fuch arms, 
 baggage, and fervants as they brought with them. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IX. That the Sieur Avril of Dominica, and his detachment, 
 fliall be fent thither, with their arms and baggage. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 X. That the prifoners, foldicrs and failors, fliall be mutually 
 exchanged. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XI. That all the negroes who were inlifled, and continued till 
 the lail day of the attack, in the compc^nies of Boulougnc, 
 Petite, Dumolicrc, and Ruby, agreeable to the liil that will 
 be given in of them, fliall have their freedom, at thf^ ex- 
 pence of the colony, as by agreement. 
 
 Granted, upon condition that they are immediately fent 
 off the ifland. 
 
 XII. That the men belonging to the privateers, who dcfire to 
 go to Maninico, fliall have a vcflTcl to carry them thithei. 
 
 Granted. « 
 
 XIII. That 
 
 I \ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XIII. That there fliall he a rcafonahlc time allowed for remov- 
 ing the furniture, efTeiSks, and cloaths that arc in the reduit, 
 or other places, belonging to the pcrfons who arc to he lent 
 to Martinico ; and that his Excellency General Barrington 
 fliall grant his prote(n:ion for the fafc conveyance of the 
 above-mentioned eflc(^s to the place of conveyance. 
 Granted. 
 
 XIV. That there fliall be an hofpital-fhip provided for the 
 wounded and fick that arc in a condition to be removed ; 
 and that the reft fliall be taken care of, and fcnt with a flag 
 of truce to Martinico, as foon as they are recovered. 
 
 Granted ; thofe that remain fliall be taken care of at the 
 cxpcncc of Ills Moft Chriftian Majefty. 
 
 XV. That all fidijc(fls, formerly belonging to tlie King of 
 Great Britain, w^ho for crimes were forced to fly their coun- 
 try- and have carried arms in this illand, fliall be pardoned, 
 and allowed to remain in it as inhabitants. 
 
 They muft go out of the ifland. 
 
 XVI. That the fame honours and conditions fliall be granted 
 to the King's troops in the Grande-Tcrre, as are given to 
 thofe in Guadaloupe. 
 
 They fliall have neither mortar nor cannon. 
 
 XVII. That the troops at the head of the reduit, as well as 
 ihofc at the three rivers, fliall march to the poft of the camp 
 at La Garde, and remain there till the day of embarkation. 
 
 The tranfport-fliips fliall be at the great Bay to-morrow 
 morning to receive the troops of the garrifon, the privateers 
 men, and thofe who are to pafs to Martinico. 
 
 193 
 
 J. Rarkington. 
 
 NAD.\U d'llTRIEL. 
 
 C c 
 
 John Moonr. 
 
 Jrtlcki 
 
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 194 
 
 1759* 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 AnUiS of Cipitulotlon bctiveai their Excellencies and the Inhabitant} 
 
 of Gnadaloupc. 
 
 Ar ri<:i.F. I. The inhabitants fliall march out of their pods with 
 all the honours of war, viz. with two ficld-picccs, their 
 arms, colours Hying, drums beating, and hghtcd match. 
 
 CRANTrn ; in confidcration of the brave defence wliich the 
 inhabitants have made during an attack of three months, 
 upon condition that they lay down their arms as foon as they 
 have marched by our troops, and that all tiic forts, polls, bat- 
 teries, cannon, i.iortars, lirelocks, and bayonets, with all kind 
 of ammnniiion and implements of war, be delivered \.o a 
 commilKUv to be named by us ; and that we fhall have a 
 power oi' iixing a garriion in all fueli places as we ihall think 
 proper. 
 
 II. The ir.habitants of the ifland of Martinico, Marigalanrc, 
 and Dominica, who came to tlic aliillanee of this illaiul, 
 Ihall ha\c lc;ue to retire with their arms and baggage, and 
 a 1!h[) Ihall be jirovided to carry them, and the fervants 
 tlicy brouglit with them, to their refpecliive illands, widi 
 pruvifions for their pafliige. 
 
 Gp \:<T!i); except \.\\UiC from Marigalantc, who Ihall be 
 
 fciu t!, Maniniv o. 
 
 ill 
 
 . "i\\c inhabitants lliall be allowed the free and public excr- 
 cifc of t!icir religion. 7'he priells and religious Hiall he 
 prefeived in their parifhes, convents, and all other poUcf- 
 l:on. ; \\-\i\ ihc fupcriors of the fc.eral orders {JKill be pcr- 
 n-.ittcd to fend for liuii as they think neeeflary from 1-rance, 
 ■■x\\i\ \\i'\ ne'ghliourin!; idands; but all letter,-; wrote on this 
 oceafi.jn il-iil h.- iranl'mitted by the Governor appointed by 
 lu:> IJriianui-j .M.ijc'l'.-. 
 'ti;^4:> rij). 
 
 IV. They 
 
 1^ It 
 
LATE WAR IN AMIUIICA. 
 
 IV. Tlicy fliall obfcrvc u llria neutrality, and not be forced to 
 take up arms ag.iinft his Moft CluilUan M..jclly, oi- a.^aiai 
 any other power. 
 
 Granted; on condition that they take an oath \vltliiii a 
 month, or fooncr, if polUble, to maintain all claufcs of iliis 
 capitulation, as well as to remain cxacftly and faithfully neu- 
 ter. 
 
 V. They fliall be allowed their civil governmenr, their laws, 
 cuRoms. and ordinances ; juflicc fliall be adminiftcrcd by 
 the fame perfons who arc now in oOicc ; and wliat relates 
 to the interior police of the illand, fliall be fettled between 
 his Britannic Majcdy's Governor and tlic inhabitants. And 
 in cafe this idand fliall be ceded to the King of Great Bri- 
 tain, at the peace, the inhabitants fliall have tlicir choice, 
 cither to keep their own political government, or to accept 
 that which i^ cRablilhed at Antigua and St. Chrillophcr's. 
 
 GRANTF.n; but when any vacancies happen in the fe^ts of 
 julVue, the fuperior coimcil of the illand is to name proper 
 perfons to fill up thofc vacancies, who mufl receive their corn- 
 millions from his Britannic MajePiv : And all aeT:s of jullice 
 whatfoevcr are to be in his name. But in regard to any 
 change in the political government, we grant ir, if agreeable 
 to his Majefly's plcafurc. 
 
 VI. The inhabitants, as well as the religious orders, fliall be 
 maintained in the property and the enjoyment of their pof- 
 feflions, goods moveable and immoveable, of what natiu'c 
 foever they may be ; and Iball be preferved in their pri- 
 vileges, rights, honours and exemptions ; and alio the free 
 negroes and muUutoes in their liberty. 
 
 Ck.\nti. D. 
 
 C: c '2 VII. They 
 
 19.5 
 
 i7V^ 
 
 51 
 
 '(fl 
 
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 t 
 
 • 
 
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 1} 
 
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"4 
 
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 ( *; 
 
 I ■ .. (, 
 
 196 
 
 '7;<)- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 VII. Thcv flull pay no other duties to his Britannic Majefly 
 but lucU as they have liitherto paid to his Moll Chriilian 
 Majcay, without any other eharge or imix)lls ; the cxpcnccs 
 attending the adniinillration oi juQiee, the pcnfions to eii- 
 ratcs, and other eurtomary eharges, lliall be paid out of the 
 revenue of his Hritannie Majelly, in the fame manner as 
 under the government of his Moil Cllirillian Majefty. 
 
 Grantid; but if this illand is ceded to his Britannic Ma- 
 jelly at the peace, it Ihall be liibjed to the fame duties and 
 impolls, as the other Englilh Leeward Ulands, the moft fa- 
 voured. 
 
 VIII. All prifoncrs taken during the attack of this ifland Ihall 
 be mutually exchanged. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IX. The free mulattocs and negroes, who have been taken, 
 Ihall be confidered as prifoncrs of war, and not treated as 
 (laves. 
 
 Granted. ^ 
 
 X. The fubjcds of Great Britain who have taken refuge in this 
 ifland, whether criminals or debtors, fliall have leave to retire. 
 Granted. 
 
 XI. No other but the inhabitants acfkually refiding in this 
 illand, fhall pofTefs any lands or houfcs, by purchafe, grant, 
 or otherwife, before a peace ; but if at the peace this ifland 
 fliould be ceded to the King of Great Britain, then fuch of the 
 inh;ibitants as do not chufe to live under the Engl ifli govern- 
 ment, ihall be permitted to fell their pofTeflions, moveable 
 and inmiovcable, to whom they will, and retire whenever 
 they plcafe ; for which purpofe there fliall be a reafonablc 
 
 thiic allowed. 
 
 Granted^ 
 
 im^'^msfi^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Granted; but fuch of the inhabitants as chufe to retire, 
 fliall have leave to fell to none, except fubjedls of Great Britain. 
 
 XII. In cafe there fliould be any exchange at the peace, their 
 Britannic and Moll Chriftian Majcflies, arc dcfircd to give 
 the preference to this illand. 
 
 This will depend on his Majelly's plcafurc. 
 
 XIII. The inhabitants fliali have liberty to fend their children 
 to be educated in France ; and to fend for them back j and 
 to make remittances to them while there. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XIV. The abfent inhabitants, and fuch as are in the fcrvicc 
 of his Moft Chriftian Majcfty, fliall be maintained in the en- 
 joyment and property of their cftates, which fliall be ma- 
 naged for them by attornies. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XV. The wives of ofTicers and others, who arc out of the ifland, 
 fliall have leave to retire with their eft'etSts, and a number of 
 fervants fuitable to their rank. 
 
 GRANrED. 
 
 XVI. The Englifli government fliall procure for the inhabi- 
 tants an exportation for fuch commodities as the ifland pro- 
 duces, and arc not permitted to be imported into England. 
 
 Granted ; as the ifland produces nothing but what may be 
 imported into England. 
 
 XVII. The inhabitants fliall not be obliged to furnifli quarters 
 for the troops, nor flaves to work on the fortifications. 
 
 Granted ; but barracks will be provided as foon as pofllblc 
 for the lodgment of the troops } and fuch negroes as fliall be 
 
 employed 
 
 197 
 
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 i f 
 
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 \.' 
 
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 .VI- 
 
 
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 J.I 
 
t j '[ m 
 
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 Wti- ! 
 
 19? 
 
 '75: 
 
 HISTORY or Tiir. 
 
 cmnloyccl with the con Tent of tlicir maHcrs, on public vorlcg, 
 ili:ill be paid for tlicir Kil)our. 
 
 XVni. The widows and other inhabitants, who througli ill- 
 ncfs, ablcncc, or any other impechnient, cannot imnicchatL- 
 Iv fign the capitulation, ihall have a limited time allowed 
 them to accede to it. 
 
 GRANfFD ; but all the inhabitants, who chufc to partake of 
 the advaiuage of the capitulation, Ihall be obliged to lign it 
 within a month from tiic date hereof, or to quit the illand. 
 
 X!X. The men beii)nging to the privateers, and others who 
 have no propcrt\ in '.he illand, and arc defirous to leave it, 
 ihall have vellels lo carry them to Martinico or to Dominica, 
 (at their option) and iliall be furnilhed with provilions for 
 the pailiige. Neverthelefs, thofe perfons who have any 
 debt'; with the inhabitants of the ifland, fhall be oblii^ed to 
 fettle their accounts with them before they depart. 
 Ci'./.r.rri). 
 
 XX. The iidiabitants fliall have leave to give freedom to fucli 
 negroes as they have promifed it to, i'uv the defence of this 
 ilhuMl. 
 
 (iRANr/:n; on condition that they arc immediately fent off 
 this ifland. 
 
 XXI. The ii^habirants and merchants of this ifland, included 
 in the j-relciu capitulation, ihall enjoy all the pi'ivilegcs of 
 tiiule, and upon the fame coiuliiions as are granted to his 
 r-ritannie Majelly's fubjciPiS, throughout tlic extent of his 
 dominions. 
 
 (■R.ANTtD ; but without afTci'^ing the privileges of particu- 
 lar companies eRablifhed 'v.\ England, or the laws of the king- 
 
 8 . dom, 
 
 \ ■ I 
 
LATE WAR IN AIMER If: A. 
 
 tlom, which prohibit the carrying on of trade in any other 
 than EngUlh bottoms. 
 
 XXII. The Deputies of the Grandc-Terre, not having a fufh- 
 cicnt power to fign the capitulation, though the colony ad- 
 heres to the conditions of it, luider the authority of M. Na- 
 duu, may ftgn it when they have their full powers, and they 
 will be comprehended in all the claufes. 
 Granted. 
 
 Given at the Iiead-quartcrs in the Canes-Terrc. 
 
 Gm-uiloiipe, 
 ift May, 1759. 
 
 J. liARKI'-CTON. 
 
 Naual' d'UraiFL. 
 
 GlAIN VILLF.RS. 
 
 John Moonr, 
 
 De BOIROE. 
 
 T)i Qlerv. 
 
 It was a remarkably fortunate circumflance, indeed, that: 
 General 13arrington loil nt) time in agreeing to thefe capitula- 
 tions ; for that with the inhabitants of Grande-Tcrre was- 
 but juft figncd, when a mcilenger arrived in their camp to 
 accjuaint ihem, that iM. Ikauharnois, tlie General of thefe 
 idands, had landed at St. Anne's on the windward fide of the 
 iiland, with a reinforcement of troops, undjr the convoy of 
 M. dc Bompart's fijuadron. This armament, had it arrived 
 but an hour fooner, might have rendered the conqueft of the 
 illand very dilhcult, if not impollible. When M. Deauhar- 
 nois heard that the capitulation was figncd, he immediately 
 rcimbarked, and returned to Martinico. 
 
 The town of IJalle-Terre v> as now no better tlian an heap 
 of ruins. lUu the inhabitants, in the true fpirit of french- 
 men, feemed to thmk no farther of their lolles than was neccf- 
 i'aiy to repair ihein. They inunediaiely iet about clearing 
 away the rubbilli ; and the General aliilled them with every 
 
 humaii€.- 
 
 ^n 
 
 '7 59' 
 
 V 
 
 V^ \ 
 
 I :i 
 
 I i 
 
 4 -i^ 
 
 zw 
 
^iM 
 
 i 
 
 I ' ' .■* '-. 
 
 too 
 1751. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 humane indulgence, to which that uncommon fpLrit fccmcd 
 to entitle tlicm. 
 
 Dcforc this pcriotl whicli wc have laft recorded, Commo- 
 dore Moore having received intelligence, that M. dc Bompart 
 had failed froni Martinico, with a delign to land a reinforce- 
 ment at Cuadaloupc, and that his fijuadron was fecn fevcn 
 leagues to the windward of Marigalante, he failed from Prince 
 Rupert's Hay, aufl turned to windward with all pofFiblc dif- 
 patch ; can ying a prefs fail, night and day, with a view of 
 coming up with the enemy; nor did he neglect any ftep 
 that coidd he taken for that purpofe. Had he purfued any 
 other courfo, the rrcncli commander might have run into the 
 harl)oiu- of St. Cluillopher's, and dclhoyed or taken a great 
 number of merchant fhips, which were then loading with 
 fiigar for England. Not content with this looking out for M. 
 (le Honipart, Nh'. Moore had recourfe to every expedient and 
 flratagcm he could devife for bringing him to aclion. He 
 even fcnt away part of his fquadron, out of fight of the in- 
 liabitants of Dominica, that they might reprefent to their 
 friends at Martinico, his force as much inferior to what it 
 really was. But thii had no cU'ect on M. de Bompart. He 
 fccmcd to take as much pains to avoid a battle, as Mr. Moore 
 (lid to bring him to one. 
 
 Cluadaloupc being thus reduced. General Barrington fum- 
 moncd Marigalante, the Saintcs, and Defeada to furrendcr. The 
 latter fubmittcd immediately, upon tlic fame terms that had 
 been granted to Cuadaloupc ; as did Marigalante, on the ap- 
 pcaranccof the Ccrwick,Brillol, Ludlow-Caftle, and two Bombs, 
 witli a body of troops before it. The little Ifland of Petit- 
 Tcrre was amongR tlic full to fubmit. 
 
 4 The 
 
 \ l 
 
 .-— .««-3i-s«e«" 
 
 ., .. -^.,~.,,-,..,.»-.>,.^,^^^.»,.._^v-^ -._..-, 
 
w 
 
 LATE WAR IN A Ml. RICA. 
 
 Tlic General now prepared for his return to Tngland ; and, 
 with this view, he gave the Comniodore notice, tliat he in- 
 tended to Ceml back to England, about tlie beginning ot fuly, 
 part of his troops in the tranfports which had brouglu them 
 out. hi confcquence of this intimation, Commodore Moore 
 repaired with his fquadron to Bafle-Terre road, where lie was, 
 the next day, joined by two Ihips from England. This rein- 
 forcement gave his ftjuadron a great fuperiority over that of 
 the French, whicli, by this time, wasdidovered by thellippon 
 to have retired to the ifland of Grenada. The Commodore 
 was made acquainted with this circumllancc ; but, before he 
 tould weigh anchor, a frigate came in with frefh intelligence, 
 that M. de Bompart had tjuitted Grenada, and was fuppofed 
 to have (leered towards Ilifpaniola. 
 
 In a tour the General now made of tlic ifland of Guada- 
 loupe, he gave directions concerning wliat forts and fortifica- 
 tions he thought proper to have repaired and garrifoned ; and 
 regulated in concert with the inhabitants every thing that 
 concerned them. lie then ordered the Highlanders, with fomc 
 draughts from the other troops, to Nortli America ; and con- 
 ferred the government of tlie ifland on Brigadier Crum]>. 
 tvcry thing being now fettled to his entire fatisfaetion, he 
 vent on board the Roebuck, on the 23d of Jiuie ; and on the 
 a>th, fet fail for Great Britain ; in company with forty tranf- 
 ports, carrying vvliat remained of the old Bufls, Barrington's, 
 ami Elliot's, after completing, by draughts from them, Du- 
 roure's Watfon's, and Armiger s, whicli were left to garrifon 
 the new con(piefls. Two days after, Commodore Moore, wi'ii 
 his IquadiOn, fleered for Antigua. 
 
 ! I!. 
 
 
 (I 
 
 ^ 
 
 n 
 
 Dd 
 
 THE 
 
 m 
 
THE 
 
 i' i 
 
 1759- 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 BOOK V. 
 
 Flan of operations for the enfuing campaign. Honour conferred ok 
 
 General Amherjl and Admiral Bofcatven. Difpofitions of the 
 
 French. General Amherjl repairs to Albany takes the fcid 
 
 m arrives on the banks of Lake-George /■ aces out a fort, and 
 
 tncamps embarks on the Lake difcmbnrks. French akimlon 
 
 the line' ai Ticonuercga, und alfo the fo'-t, ivhich are taken polfeffton 
 
 u by the EnglifJi their preparations to attack Crovjn^Point • 
 
 the French abandon it occupied by the Kngli/h. General Am- 
 herjl receives an account of the furrender of Niagara. Mij'jr 
 
 Rogers ordered to chajlize the Indians of St. Fram^ois. General 
 
 Amherft •mbarks his army to purjue the French., ivho bad retreated to 
 the IJle-Aux-Noix rctunu to Cronvn Point— —chfes the cam- 
 paign. Particulars of the ftcge of Niagart;. - The forts f 
 
 Prcfjuc-iflcy Venango^ and Le Bruf, reduced.-— —Colonel Haldimand 
 attacked at OJkvcgo. Operations of Ih igadier Stanzt'ix. 
 
 TTI7E muft now return to the continent of North-Amcricn, 
 where the KngHlli minider had clctcrniined to make, at 
 once, three difl'erent attacks, in order to divide and weaken 
 the power of the rrencii, and, it" poHible, complete the con- 
 qucft of Canada in one campaign, 
 
 Tlic 
 
 \'v 
 
 t 
 
 m § 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The plan for this purpofc was, That Major-General Am- 
 hcril, the commander in chief, fliould endeavour to reduce 
 Ticondcroga and Crown-Point ; then, in cafe of fucccfs, by 
 the Lake-Champlain, proceed, down tlic river RichHeu, to the 
 banks of the river St. Lawrence, and tlicrc join ^h^ Wolfe, 
 now appointed a major general, who, witli another army, and 
 a conliderahle fleet of ihips, was to undertake the ficge of 
 l^icl>ec, the capital of Canada ; that a third army /hould in- 
 vcll the fort of Niagara, whilft a fmaller one attacked 
 the leller forts in the neighbourhood of Pittibourg, and 
 on the line of communication between that place and Lake- 
 Eiic. 
 
 General Amherft, in conjuniflion with Admiral Bofcawcn, 
 had now received the higliell honour that the nation could 
 beilow. They were thanked, by the reprcfentatives of the 
 people afTembled in parliament, for their gallant behaviour and 
 Ikady condutft in the reduction of the important fortrefs of 
 Louifbourg. The great talents fo happily exerted on that me- 
 morable occafion," infpired the people with hopes, that the 
 fame fuccefs would attend this campaign. Accordingly, every 
 heart beat with anxiety for the iffue of the part which General 
 Amherft was to have in thefe operations. The fatal mifcar- 
 riage againft Ticonderoga, in 1758, was dill recent in the 
 minds of every one, and gave great uneafmefs to many. 
 ThCiC wao no reafon to think, that the diflicultics whicli 
 then prel'ented themfelves, were any way diminithed, but 
 rather the greatell grounds to fear tliey were confiderabiy 
 incrcafed. The l-'rench had reinforced Crown-Point j acquired 
 new Ihength on Lake-Champlain, of which they were entire- 
 ly mailers } and had, at Fort-Chamblc, a body of regulars 
 
 D d 2 and 
 
 i: il 
 
 -i'^. 
 
 ■^i 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 H 
 
204 
 
 >7S9' 
 
 1 ) 
 
 i «! 
 
 HIS TO II Y OF THE 
 
 and Canadians, to maintain the pafs from the falls of the river 
 Richlieu to the river St. Lawrence. 
 
 To purfuc, with elTecl, tlie plan of wliich we have been 
 fpeaking, it was necelliiry to take the field early. General 
 Amhcrft, therefore, embarked at New-York on the sBth of 
 April, and arrived at Albany on the 3d of May. What time he 
 fpent here was employed in collecling his army, forminnr 
 them for the ileld, and, in particular, giving the provincials 
 fome little idea of military diicipline ; getting ready whale- 
 boats, and other boats, for tran ("porting the troops, artillery, 
 and flores ; and in every other preparation neccfliiry to attain 
 the grand object of his inilruc^ions. 
 
 In the mean while, Major Rogers had been ordered, widi 
 Lieutenant Brheme, an alliilant engineer, and a party of three 
 hundred and fifty men, to make what obfervations they could 
 en the enemy's forts of Ticonderoga and Crown-i'oint. They 
 left lort-Edward the 3d of March. Lieutenant Hrheuie having 
 executed his orders, returned. Major Rogers fell in wit!i a 
 working party of the 1-rench, killed Ibme, and took fevend 
 prlfoncrs, near Ticonderoga, with the lois ot ihre-. or four 
 men. The weather was lb intenfely cold during this expedi- 
 tion, tliat it I'ro/c the feet of two-thirds of the detachmeiu; 
 iome to (ucii a degree, that the rcil were obliged to carry 
 them. 
 
 A regiment having been railed in America, to fervc as liglu 
 inhmtry, it was given to Colonel CUige, who was now ap- 
 pointed a brigadier. This regiment, having received new 
 arms, were detached to take pod at the rifts above Saratoga, 
 there to remain till farther orders j as, likewife, a party of 
 
 the 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the feventccnth and the forty-fccond regiment, to the rifts 
 near Still- water : and three hundred of the Rhodc-ifland regi- 
 menr to Fort-Edward. The forty-fourth regiment was order- 
 ed to encamp at Schenedtady, where lirigadicr Prideuux was 
 to take upon him the command of the expedition dcfigned 
 againH: Niagara. Colonel Haviland, with the remainder of 
 the feventeenth, the twcnty-feventh, and two companies of 
 the Royal, joined Brigadier Gage's. The relt of the troopr;, 
 when completed for the field, were ordered to Fort-Edward. 
 
 A fpirit of defertion broke out amongfl the troops, which 
 made examples neceflary to flop, if poflible, Co great an evil. 
 Lenity on fuch occafions is often a temptation to the commif- 
 fion of crimes, which the certainty of punillimcnt would ci'- 
 fcctually deter men from committing: his Excellency, there- 
 fore, approved the fentence of a general court-martial wliicli 
 had found Dunwood and Ward guilty of defertion, and icn- 
 tcnced them to death ; and the fentence was accordingly exe- 
 cuted. 
 
 20; 
 
 J7S9- 
 
 I 
 
 1 f 
 
 IM 
 
 Some former orders to the regulars, declaring the General's 
 resolution never to pardon defertion, and his allurances, that 
 tlicir >,fOod behavioiu- ihoidd he rewarded, were iiow addreflcd 
 to the provincial troops, that they too might know wliat they 
 were to expect from good or bad conduift, and have time to 
 rcdcct on the ignominy which would certainly aticnd ilic 
 latter. Hut, in fpitc of ihcfe examples, in fpitc of thefe pro- 
 miles and threats, the fpirit of defertion Hill prevailed -, and 
 two other deferters, Rogers and Harris, being found guilty, 
 
 were condemned to die. 
 
 On 
 
 U 
 
 k 
 
 f 
 

 ao6 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 1759- On the 3d of June, the rear of the army were ordered to 
 
 take the field. The General left Albany the fame day; and, 
 on the 6th, arrived at Fort-Edward, where he encamped. 
 
 Blockhoufcs were ercclcd in the front of each regiment; 
 and every polVible precaution was taken to prevent the army's 
 being furpnied by the enemy ; nor was the prefervation of 
 the health of the troops lefs attended to. The drinking of 
 fpirituous liquors was totally difcouragcd, and a wholcfome 
 beverage was introduced in its flead. This confifted of mc- 
 lalles and the tops of the fpruce fir, boiled together in a pro- 
 per quantity of water; a mixture which had been found a 
 mod excellent antifcorbutic, and even an antidote againft 
 thofe didcmpers frequently occafioncd by the exceflivc drink- 
 ing of fpirituous liquors. 
 
 A flag of truce now arrived from M. do Montcalm, forward- 
 ed by M. dc Bourlcma(iiie, on pretence of exchanging prift)n- 
 crs, and fettling a cartel. But the real purpofc of it was, to 
 gain an opportunity of making obfervations on the numbers 
 and quality of the Knglilh troops, and other particulars of 
 that nature. The General, therefore, whofe vigilance was 
 not to be eluded, fruUrated the enemy's dcfigns, by order- 
 ing the mefllngcr tt) remain at a dillancc from the camp, 
 till his difpatches were examined, and an anfwer returned to 
 tlicm. 
 
 Although fcouting parties were kept conftantly on the pa- 
 tvolc, and every kind of protection given to the inhabitants, 
 yet numbers of them were daily fcalped. 'I he French and their 
 Indians leemed to wanton in cruelty; nor age nor fcx could 
 
 arreli: 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 arreft the bloody knife. The fhocking accounts, which almoft 
 hourly arrived of thefe outrages, produced the following or- 
 der ; copies of which were fcnt to M. de Vaudreuil, and to 
 M. dc Montcalm: 
 
 
 «' No fcouting party, or others in the army, arc to Icalp 
 women or children belonging to the enemy. They arc, it 
 poflible, to take them prifoners ; but not to injure them, on 
 any account. The General being determined, fhould the 
 enemy continue to murder and fcalp women and children, 
 who are the fubje<5ls of the King of Great Britain, to revenge 
 it by the death of two men of the enemy, for every woman or 
 child murdered by them.'* 
 
 II 
 
 Not any thing could add more to the reputation of General 
 Amherft than this order, in which mercy and juftice, huma- 
 nity and found policy, were all fo happily combined, as mu- 
 tually to temper and fupport each other. 
 
 The grcatcfl part of the troops, ariillery, and (lores being 
 now arrived, ti.e General left 1-ort-Edwurd on the 2i(l of June, 
 with about fix thoufand regulars and provincials ; and march- 
 ed them, in twx) columns, vifiting the fcvcral pods on tlic 
 communication, and miking fuch alterations in them as lie 
 judged beft for their fecurity. In the evening, lie encamped 
 on the banks of Lake-George, and, the next day, with the 
 alllftance of Colonel Montrefor, the chief engineer, traced out 
 the ground for erecting a fort. 
 
 All polfiblc expedition was nowufedtogct up the remainder 
 of the artillery and llorcs, anil to hallcn the arrival of tlic 
 
 2 ti'oopa 
 
 ! ^'~ 
 
\ 
 
 COi) 
 
 U . tr 
 
 u 
 
 >nQ' 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 troops .\vJ ''ic boats, that the army mii^jlu lofo no time in pro- 
 cccdiii^t; on the iiuciulcd cntcrpri/.c. But the dilliciiltics occa- 
 iioncd by the length of the carrying-phicc between Fort-Ed- 
 ward and Lake-George, and the l)adncrs of the roads over it, 
 greatly impeded the endeavours of the General. 
 
 In tlie mean time, however, fcvcral aml)ureadcs were form- 
 ed on both fides of Lake-George, and feveral parties were fent 
 out by General Amhcrll, as it merely to fifli, in order to decoy 
 the Trench into them; but all to no purpofc. The French 
 neverappeared when? hcfe parties were out, or at Icafl never took 
 
 notice of them, but once, when, the advanced guard firing too 
 foon, the enemy difcovered their llr. iig:h, and precipitately re- 
 tired. Tlic French, on their part, were no Icfsaliiduous in en- 
 deavouring to annoy the Englilh camp. On the . d of July, a fer- 
 jcant, corporal, and fixteen men, of the new Jerfey regiment, 
 who were cuttingbark within light ot the camp, were attacked 
 by a body of French Indians, who had concealed themfclves in 
 the brufh-wood, and from thence Hole on them im perceived. 
 The Cieneral, the moment he heard the firing, ordeied a com- 
 pany of light infantry and rangers to their relief, and then two 
 more companies of light infantry, and three companies of gre- 
 nadiers. But tho' tliefe troops were out as foon as ordered, and 
 did not lofe a fingle moment in the purfuit, the enemy fled time 
 enough to get into their canoes, after killing fix of the bark- 
 cutters. They, bcfides, carried off the corporal and five pri- 
 vate men. The ferjeant, with the remainder, returned to 
 the camp. Captain Jacobs of the Stockbridge Indians, with 
 abo\u tliirty others, having been fent to hover about Ticon- 
 deroga, was not fo fuccefsful as the French Indians; but it 
 was, in a great meafure, l\is own fault. He had received 
 
 orders 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 orders not to appear on the lake in the day-time ; but was fo 
 imprudent as to difobcy them : in confequence of which 
 he was attacked by a fupcrior force, and only ten of his party 
 returned to the camp; Jacobs himfclf being taken pri- 
 foncr. 
 
 909 
 
 '759- 
 
 On the i7tli, another cfTort \vas made by M. dc Montcalm 
 to gain intelligence of General Amheril's fituation, by means 
 of a llag of truce. But, as foon as i: was difcovered on the 
 lake, an aid-de-camp was difpatched to condutft tlie boat into 
 a bay, from whence the camp could not be feen ; and a com- 
 pany of light infantry was ordered as a guard to the nearcft 
 of the two points that formed the bay. This flag of truce 
 brought letters from M. dc Montcalm at Montreal, and M. 
 Bourlcmaque at Ticonderoga. The General anfwercd them 
 during the night; and, in the morning, fent an aid-de-camp 
 with his anfwcr to the Qipiiainc dc milice^ who had been the 
 bearer of them. 
 
 The fuperintendencc of the naval department, on this ex- 
 pedition, having been intruded to Captain Loring of the navy, 
 and a Hoop called the Halt/ax, that had been funk the laft 
 campaign, having been weighed and rigged, and the whole 
 of the troops, ammunition, Itorcs, and boats being now ar- 
 rived, the General, on the 21ft of July, ordered the army to 
 embark. 
 
 V. e 
 
 This 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 This army confiftecl of the following forces t 
 
 R E (; U L A R s, 
 
 Royal 42(1 |^,^^ ^^,j^^j^.^ ^^y^^^^. 
 
 27th 77th 3 
 Royal Autii.lfrv, 
 
 Provi N Cl A LS, 
 
 Whiting Schuyler t 
 Lvman I' itch .„, 
 
 s included, 
 
 } 
 
 5745 
 
 III 
 
 Worccflcr Lovewell !► 
 Ikibcock Willards 
 Rugglcs 
 
 ' The wliolc, ofTiccrs included, 
 
 amounting to 
 
 i 
 
 Total 
 
 5279 
 
 '''33 
 
 Gage's light hifantry. 
 
 Thcfc forces were divided into four columns ; and to crofs 
 the lake in the following order: 
 
 Fifty men of Cage's light infantry. 
 
 The remainder, in two lines, to cover the front of the columns. 
 
 The INVINC.IHLF. RADKAU. 
 
 /\th Column. 3 J Column. 2 J Column. jji Column. 
 
 I cighteen-poundcr Rafts witli cannon Regiments, i twclvc-poundcr 
 
 Rangers 
 Light infantry 
 
 Lyman's battalion 
 
 Worccflcr'o 
 
 Litch's 
 
 llabcock's 
 
 LoYcwell's 
 
 5r^ f- r-. r^ "-J 
 
 n — — V) r» ;i 
 
 "" < >12 P ^ 3 
 
 »J. < i-t ». r> 
 
 p ■=! c = o 
 
 Royal 
 
 17th 
 
 27th 
 
 42(1 
 
 5ith 
 77th 
 
 Grenadiers 
 
 Ruggles )■ 
 Willards i I 
 
 Ru;?2:les )Saonj 
 
 ■ lUtta- 
 
 Whiting's to cover tiie rear. 
 Halifax floop to cruize in the rear of the whole. 
 
 ■> * 
 
 3 
 
 Whiting'^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
I 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Whiting's regiment to have the batteau-guardj and Colonel 
 Bradrtreet was to make fiich difpofitions for them as he 
 thought bcft. 
 
 The front column was commanded by Colonel Havilandj 
 
 That in the rear, by Colonel Lyman ; 
 
 The fccond column, by Brigadier-General Cage*, 
 
 And the third, by Colonel Schuyler. 
 
 The artillery was ordered to land immediately after the fecond 
 column. It was commanded by Major Ord, and compofed 
 die following train : 
 
 6 twenty-four pounders 
 
 4 cighteen-pounders 
 lo twclvc-pounders 
 
 7 fix-poundcrs .. ^,,^.- 
 
 3 three-pounders 
 
 6 eight-inch hawitzers 
 
 5 five-and-a-half-inch hawitzers ^ " 
 
 8 royals 
 
 4 ten-inch mortars 
 
 I thirteen-inch mortar. 
 
 On the 22d of July, this armament arrived at a place called 
 the Second Nurro-u'Sj without any accident ; and the troops dif- 
 cmbarked very near the landing-place formerly ufed by Ge- 
 neral Abercromby's army. The advanced-guard ikirmilhed 
 with a party of the French, from which they took two pri- 
 foners ; by whom the General learned, that M. Bourlemaque 
 commanded at the lines, and that his force confifted of about 
 three thouCand regulars and Canadians, and about four Jma- 
 drcd Indians. This was all the oppofition General Amhcrrt 
 
 E e 2 met 
 
 t I 
 
 (l 
 
 ¥ f. 
 
 ) :r 
 
 
Ij r' v?i 
 
 HISTORY OF T li F, 
 
 met in his way to Ihe Saw-Mills, where he now took pott ; 
 and having cireaiially focurcd it, he ailvanced towards the 
 enemy's lines. The troops, that ni^ht, lay on their arms. 
 The next morning, the French oblcrving that his Excellency's 
 difpofitions indicated a formal attack, tlicy Caved him any far- 
 ther trouble, by abandoning their lines, which he immediate- 
 ly took poireilion of with the grenadiers of the army, and 
 then encamped behind them with ih'i rell of the army. The 
 French now began a brilk cannonade from the fort, on the 
 Englifli troops ; but the lame \vt)rk that had proved fo de- 
 llru*5live to the latter the preceding year, now became a pro- 
 tccT:ion to them. 
 
 i 
 
 In the center of thefe remarkable lines, the French had 
 crccncd an high crofs, which was now llamling. Before this 
 crofs v/a:> funk a deep grave. To the crofs was aflixcd tiie 
 following inlcription, engraven on brafs : 
 
 rone piiiicipcs corumftcut Orcb^ ft Z(/>, ct /.cIlL, et Zaliihuina. 
 
 The French having abandoned their lines without oppo- 
 fition, the General had tlic lei's rcafon to fear any refillance 
 fupcrior to the forces he had to con'^uer ii. He, tlierct'Mc, on 
 tlic 2.1th, fent oil' the New-IIampIhirc regiment, to il iv^tlien 
 tlic garriiOn of Olwcgo, that, in calc of nccellity, a detach 
 mciu might be made from thence to ailill in tlie reduction of 
 Niar'-ciid. 
 
 fl . 
 
 Difpofitions were now made to attack the fort with :,il tlic 
 vigour the army brought againtl it could exert ; antl the g.\r- 
 rilbn of tlic fort fliewed every appearance of being eqr.ully 
 tlifpofcd to make a rcfolutc defence, Uut M. Bourlenuque, 
 
 I the 
 
 I",' 
 
 w 
 
lur - , .« 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the commandant, foon finding that the General was not only 
 well provided with every rcquifitc to carry on the ficgc, hut 
 was alfo pofTefled of every military talent neceHary to em- 
 ploy them, thought proper to retire, on the 23d, with all his 
 forces, except four hundred men, who remained till the 
 evening of the 26th, when they likewife abandoned their 
 port, after doing every thing the (hortncfs of their time would 
 allow thcni, to dcRroy and blow up the fortifications of the 
 fort. Some deferters from this party came into the Englifli 
 camp, and informed the General, that the commander had 
 loaded every gun, charged feveral mines, and laid fuzes to 
 fpring them when all hi^ men fliould have evacuated the 
 place ; and that there was a great quantity of powder in the 
 fort. The General ofTered them one hundred guineas if they 
 would difcover the fuzes, that they might he cut off; but 
 they abfolutely declared, they did not know where to find 
 them. Their fears, it is probable, had abforhcd their whole 
 attention to fucli a degree, as to make them forget what they 
 knew of th.o matter. They Hood trembling at the thoughts 
 of tlic terrible event, alrhougli at fo great a dillance from the 
 fccne of expeiflcd ruin. Nor were their fears ill-groimded, in 
 point of time at lead ; for, as they were dill proccding their 
 ignorance, the explofion was heard. One weald uippoic, 
 thai tlic French were under fome apprehenfu'ns from the 
 confcquenccs of it; for ^o precipitate was their retreat, that 
 they forgot to give information ot ii to fom*. cf their fcout- 
 ing parties; the confequcnce of which was, tn.i;, when 
 rlicy returned, expecting to find their own arnr.' wl-. v: they 
 had left it, they found themlelves prifouers in that of tlic 
 Kngliih. 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 I.I 
 
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 IM 125 
 
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 IM 
 
 1.25 iU 
 
 K& 
 
 1.6 
 
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 V 
 
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 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WnSTIR,N.Y. 14SW) 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
 
^m J 
 
 214 
 
 1759- 
 
 V. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 As foon as the General could be faiiiifietl, that there no 
 longer remained any latent feeds of detlruJlion in the fort, he 
 took poflclliou of it ; and, immediately, detached Colonel 
 llaviland, with the lit^ht infantry, in flat bottometl boats, to 
 piuruc the fugitives. The Colonel came up with their rear j 
 took fome powtler and a few prifoners ; and then returned. 
 
 Ticonderoga is a very important port. It eflce^ually covers 
 the fronticrii of t!ie province of New-York ; and is a fccure 
 retreat for the army in cafe of neceflity. The CJeneral, there- 
 fore, now ordered tlic fort near it, which lies towards the 
 water, and wliich the French iiad not finiflied, to be not only 
 repaired, but completed. He like wife gave directions for re- 
 pairing the fort of Ticonderoga on the fame plan on which it 
 was originally builr, as this would be a great faring, confi- 
 dcnng that but a fmall part of it had been ruined. This fort 
 is a fquare, with four baftions, built with logs, on rocks cover- 
 ed with mafonry, to allbrd a level foundation. The counter- 
 fcarp of the glacis, and that of the ditch, with two ravelins, 
 covering the only front to which approaches could be made, 
 are all mafonry. Oidy one bailion and two courtincs were 
 dcmolilhed ; and thefe not in the front cafieft to be attacked. 
 The glacis, the covert-way, the cafemate, the walls of the bar- 
 racks, and eleven good ovens, which proved of great ufc to 
 the troops, had not received the lead damage. 
 
 Fifteen private men were killed, and about fifty wounded, 
 in the actjuifition of this important poft, befidcs Colonel Roger 
 Townfliend, who fell by a cannon-ball, on the 25th of July. 
 His fpirit and military knowledge juftly entitled him to the 
 crtecm of every foklier ; and, accordingly, the lofs of him 
 was univcr'allv lamented. 
 
 In 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 In the night of the 25th, the camp was alarmed by an ima- 
 ginary attack. The foldiers flew to their arms ; and every man's 
 fears transforming his neighbour into a Frenchman, they fired 
 at each otlicr as if real enemies. This is one inftance, amongft 
 man), to prove that the forming of a foldicr is not the work 
 of a day. It requires time to make tlie ruftic villager fhake 
 OiT his natural timidity ; familiarifc him to oujcifts which 
 licrctoforc they could not even think of without horror; 
 and infufe into them habits of that obedience ncccfTary 
 to ihc prcfervatlon of good difciplinc. The bayonet, in the 
 Innds of men who can be cool and confideratc amidft fccncs 
 of confufion and horror, is, by far, more fafc to thofc who 
 ufe it, as well as more dcftrucflivc to thofc againH: wliom it 
 i J ufcd, than powder and ball. On thcfc principles, tiic Gene- 
 ral ordered, that in cafe, the enemy fliould make any attack in 
 the night, they fhould be received with fixed bayonets. Ano- 
 tiicr reafon for giving this order was, to prevent the repe- 
 tition of falfe alarms, by the difcharging of muflcets ; and 
 thereby prefcrvc the lives of many, who might otherwilb full 
 by the hand of their fellow-foldiers, in confequcnce of that 
 diforder infcparable from attacks in the dark. In the morn- 
 ing, the army faw the lofs and difgrace with which difobcdi- 
 cncc of orders mufl infallibly be attended, efpccially by night ; 
 confidcring the impolfibility of diftinguifliing between friends 
 and foes at that feafon. A panic, which had feized on two or 
 three raw recruits, unhappily fpread to great part of the line ; 
 and got the better of their recollection to fuch a degree, that 
 nothing lefs than the General's prefencc could corrciH: their 
 belief of the enemy's being atftually in the heart of their 
 camp. At length day-light convinced them of the confe- 
 (iucnces of thus encouraging groundlefs fears, by Ihewing them 
 
 two 
 
 9TS 
 
 »759. 
 
 J, 
 
 -.S 
 
 { 
 
 i 1' 
 
 i ' 
 
V i'l 
 
 •J 
 
 :i6 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 two of ilicir comrades killed, and many others wounded ; and 
 liow neccflary it was for them implicitly to obey every order 
 of their oflicers, in order to avoid fuflfering again in the like 
 manner. 
 
 On the 28th, a courier arrived from General Johnfon to in- 
 form the General of the death of Brigadier Pridcaux before 
 Niagara. Brigadier Gage was, upon this, immediately order- 
 ed to fuccecd him ; and the fecond battalion of Royal High- 
 landers detached to Ofwego, that, in cafe Niagara fliouUI 
 not be yet taken, Brigadier Gage might renew the attack with 
 the utmofl: vigour and difpatch. 
 
 Five hundred men were ordered to Lake-George, and to return 
 with provifions and llorcs. The Gencrars intention being now 
 engaged in making hinifelf equal, if not fuperior, to the 
 enemy on the lake, he ordered C'aptain Ix)ring to weigh fame 
 French battoes that had been funk, and conftrutft a brig ; 
 and took every other ftep that was ncceflary to be able to pro- 
 ceed without the lead lofs of time on the intended attack 
 againft Crown-Point. 
 
 As it was highly nccelTary to be firft juftly informed of the 
 fituation of the enemy, and the condition of the place, fcouts 
 were ordered out to reconnoitre both. A body of two hun- 
 dred rangers, commanded by Major Rogers, were detached to 
 lake poll as near Crown-Point as poliible ; but in fuch a man- 
 ner, as not to be furprifcd ; then feize on the bed ground they 
 could to defend themfelvcs ; and keep it, in cafe they were at- 
 tacked, till they could be reinforced by the army. But all 
 thcfc precautions proved equally necdlcfs. On the ill of Au- 
 guft, intelligence was received, that the French had abandoned 
 
 tiuu 
 
 h '' 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 that place ; upon which a dctadimcnt was ordered to take pof- 
 fcllion of ir. The General followed, with the bulk of the army, 
 and arrived on the 4th, when he encamped his troops, and or- 
 dered a new fort to be traced out by Lieutenant-Colonel Eyres, 
 as a farther protection to the Uritifli dominions, particularly 
 againil the fcalping parties that had fo lonr; infefted this part of 
 the country ; and thereby infure fuch a continuance of peace and 
 (juict to the King's fubjeifls, as was ncccfliiry to induce them 
 to return to their dcfcrtcd habitations between this place and 
 Albany. 
 
 The fcouts employed to procure intelligence were not idle ; 
 and were, befidcs, fo judicioudy difpofcd, as to bring fome, 
 almofl: every hour. Part of this intelligence was, that the 
 enemy had halted on the //L-zhix-Njix in Lake Champlain ; 
 that their army confided of three thoufand five hundred men, 
 and a very large train of artillery, the whole commanded by 
 M. Bourlcmaque ; that there were, bcfides, on the lake, four 
 large vefiels well manned, and mounted with cannon, com- 
 manded by M. le Ihas. In confequence of this information, 
 the General, who was refolved to fectu-e a naval fuperiority 
 on the lakes, fent orders to Captain Loring, who had been 
 left at Ticonderoga, to add a Hoop of fixteen guns to the brig- 
 antine now on the (locks, whilll Major Oid confiruiflcd a raft 
 to carry fix fix-pounders. 
 
 On the 3d, a courier arrived from Niagara, with the agree- 
 able news that the garrifon of that place iiad furrcndeiod to 
 Sir William Johnfon, by capitulation, on the 25th of July. 
 
 Brigadier Gage had been inflrudled, in cafe Niagara lliould 
 be reduced, to take poll immcdiateh', at a place the Ercnch 
 
 I f called 
 
 
 <1 ''J 
 
 
 ...I I 
 
 ^ 1 .ill, 
 
 'i 
 
 u\ 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
h ■' 
 
 O ^ 
 
 218 
 
 1751. 
 
 IIISTOIIV 1- THE 
 
 called h-Gi}ktti\ near tlic entrance of the river St. Lawrence ; 
 ;uk1 as foon as CJcncral Amh^rfl: \va;> inrormcd of the above 
 cvtiit, lie fcnt Major duUlic to Brigadier Gage, to enforce 
 tliclc orders, as by tluit means the linglilli on the Mohawk 
 river would be as eflcclually freed from the inroads of the 
 enemy's Icalping parties, and be enabled to live in as much 
 Iccmity, as the inhabitants of any part of the country be- 
 tween Crown-i'oint and New-York had already been. Hut, 
 Jiowevcr necefTary it might be to take pofFeflion of this port, 
 the diiliculties wl'-ch would attend the doing of it appeared to 
 Brigadier Gage lb great, that he thought proper to make the 
 Cicncral acquainted with them ; and, in the mean time, defer 
 the execution of his orders to a more favourable opportunity. 
 As the General deemed this port an objecT: of the full confc- 
 (jucnce, he was greatly chagrined at the account from Briga- 
 dier Gage, cfpecially as the feafon would be too far advanced 
 before his orders, if he renewed them, could reach Brigadier 
 Gage, for the Brigadier to execute ih<im. He, therefore, was 
 obliged to portpone this ncceflary bufiuefs to another campaign. 
 
 Captain Kennedy, who had been fent by the General with 
 a flag of truce, to oflcr peace to the hulians of St. Tranfois, 
 was detained by them with his whole party. Th's infult ex- 
 afperated the General to fuch a degree, that he immediately 
 determined to challife them with a fevcrity equal to the 
 ofTcnce. Witli this view, the more efleclually to dirtrefs the 
 enemy, he ordered a party of two hundred men under Major 
 Rogers to march and attack them on the fouth fide of the 
 river St. Lawrence -, the barbarities and infamous cruelties 
 which iliole dallardly villains, in particular, had promilcuoully 
 conunltted on women and children, meriting the mod exem- 
 plary puniflniient. The troops fent againft them were, how- 
 1 ever. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ever, forbid to ufc any retaliation againll women and chil- 
 dren ; in a fj irit truly becoming an Engliih enemy. 
 
 The floop, the brig, and the raft, being now ready, tlic 
 General, on the nth of October, embarked his whole army 
 in boats, with a dcfign to attack the enemy on the IJlc-Aitx- 
 Koix. But his endeavours to get at them were ballled by the 
 extreme badnefs of the weather, which obliged him to get 
 into fome place of Iccurity. For this purpofe, he chofe a com- 
 modious bay on the weflern fliore, where all except the Rangers 
 landed, and boiled their kettles, covered by Gage's light in- 
 fantry. The Rangers were difembarked on a neighbouring 
 idand. The lake now became too boifterous to venture on it 
 with any kind of fafety ; and the year was too far advanced to 
 leave any room to expeiH: it would be again favourable for 
 military operations. The winter itfelf approached with the 
 moR rigorous afpecT:. 
 
 On the 1 8th, however, the lake I'almed a little, and a fouth- 
 erly wind, the ufual forerunner as well as caufe of mild 
 weather in all northern climates, fpringing up, the General was 
 tempted to make one more elTorr. But a northerly wind blow- 
 ing frelhon the 19th, convinced him of the impracticability of 
 executing his plan, or at lead the impropriety of attempting 
 it. He therefore ordered the troops to return to Crown-Point. 
 This was a fcvere difappointment, as they thought thcm- 
 felves on the eve of putting an end, by one decifive llroke, to 
 the uncommonly fevere fatigues and dangers of an Ameri- 
 can war, which they had now fo long endured. Thus, juH. 
 as they were upon the point of feizing the palm of peace, 
 and, of courfc, infuring the poflcflion of the wreath of glory, 
 their views were bladcd ; and the completion of their wiflies 
 
 1' f 2 protracted 
 
 •/■ 
 
 
 I? I' 
 
 
 
 M* 
 
 cmaapai^ 
 
 
220 
 I7-9- 
 
 i' 1^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 protracted to tlic return of a fcafon more favourable to new 
 ■^ exertions of their patience and Ipirit. 
 
 Tlie fird evening after the army left Crown-Point, a millakc 
 liad nearly proved fatal to part of tlic forty-fecond regiment. 
 This corps, having followed the li;.;lit of the brig infiead 
 of the radeau, was led tlofe to the enemy, and attacked by 
 them-, and it was with the grcateil dilHculty they cleared 
 thcmfelves, at the cxpence of one boat, and twenty-five men, 
 with I.nfign Mackcy, taken prifoncr^. But the French foon 
 paid for this advantage. Tiie KnglilJi brig was a formidable 
 vellcl for this lake. She mounted lix fix pounders, twelve four- 
 pounilers, and twenty f\vi\cl3 ; carried feventy feamcn, and a 
 det:;c!iment of lixty men with oflicers, from the troops, to 
 ferve as marines ; thi^ vefiel was commanded by Captain Lo- 
 ring. 'I'he Hoop mounted four fix-ponndcrs, twelve four- 
 pounders, with twenty- two fwivels ; carried fixty feamcn, and 
 fifty foliUers ; and v.ms commanded by Lieutenant Grant of 
 the feveniy-feventh. Thefe vellels gave chafe to three Frencli 
 floops, and drove them into a bay on the well fliorc, where 
 their own crews funk two of tiiem, and ran the third on 
 lliorc. But Lieutenant Grant got herofF, whilll Captain Loring 
 went in purfuit of a fehooner, the only veflel belonging to the 
 French, which nov/ remained on the lake to molefl the Eng- 
 lilli. 
 
 On the 21 ft of Oclober, the whole Englifli army arrived ac 
 Crown-Point, whore the General's firll care was beftowed on 
 the fort he had begun. Fie g ive orders for ailding to it what- 
 ever could contribute to its Ihcngth, and for opening of roads 
 to Ticondcroga, the MallacImCets, an«l New Ilamplhirc, go- 
 veinmcnts. Fie likewifc dillribuied the troops into winter- 
 quarters. 
 
 h •' 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 quarters, in fuch a manner as to cover that part of the coun- 
 try from the inroads of the enemy. He then, on the ijtli of 
 November, after appointing fullicient garrifons for Crown- 
 Toint, and other forts, to prcfcrvc the communication with 
 Albany, fct out for New-York, where he arrived on the nth 
 of December. 
 
 Though the General had been early acquainted with the 
 fate of Niagara, it was the wjth of Ocliober before he received 
 the kail intelligence of General \Vv)lfc's fucccfs l>cfore C^uehcc ; 
 and this was by a prifoncr, who informed him that Quebec 
 had furrendered on the iHthof September. Some letters, in- 
 deed, had paflcd between him and M. dc Montcalm about the 
 fettling of a cartel, in which mention was made of Gencrai 
 Wolfe's being before that place ; but, till the period we have 
 mentioned, he continued an entire flrangcr to his operations, 
 tiiough he had done his utmoll to open a proper channel of 
 intelligence for that purpofc. 
 
 On the 8th of November, whilft the General was flill at 
 Crown-Point, he received the following account of the expe- 
 dition on which he had fent Major Rogers, againfl the Indians 
 of Saint Francois. It was not till the twenty-fecond day after 
 his departure that the Major came in fight of the place ; and, 
 by this time, his party, from various accif u.s in the march, 
 was reduced to one hundred and fortv-tw iiien. However, 
 ViC reconnoitred the town about eight in the evening, in 
 h pes of difcovering an opportunity fuitablc to his numbers ; 
 and, agreeably to liis withes, finding tlie Indians in a high 
 dance, returned to his party at tv.'o, and marched them to 
 within five humhed yards of the town, where he eafed them 
 of their packs, and formed them for the attack. At half an 
 
 lioiir 
 
 S2I 
 
 1759- 
 
 t I 
 
 1 i 
 
 J^-^-.'^*l 
 
 IT'" -'''Yiif 
 
HISTORY or THE 
 
 i7>o. 
 
 !ii 
 
 hour after uin-rifc the next moni!i\'^ he furprifed the town, 
 wlien the inhabiiantr, were all fail allccp, and fell on thcni 
 lo inftantancouily, that they had not time to /ccovcr thein- 
 I'clves and take arms for tlieir de(cncc. Some attempted to get 
 to ilic waters, and, hy that means, make their cfeape ; bin 
 they were (iiiickly purlucd hy about forty of the Major\ 
 people, who funk theni and their boats. The remainder, in 
 the mean time, fet fire to all the houfes except three, in 
 which there was corn, which Major llogers thought proper to 
 referve for the ufc of his party; and the flames confunicd 
 many of the hidians, who had concealed themfelves in the 
 cellars and lofts. By feven o'clock in the morning, the bufinefs 
 was coinpletely over. In this fliort period the Englifli killed at 
 leafl two hundred Indians, and took twenty of their women 
 and children ; but they brought away but five. The refl were 
 permitted to go where they pleafed. Five Englifli captives 
 were likewife delivered from flavery, and taken under the pro- 
 teclion of their countrymen ; and all this with the lofs of only 
 one Indian killed, and (-aptain Ogden and fix men wounded. 
 Major Rogers being informed by his prilbners that a party of 
 three luuuhcd French, with fomc Indians, were about four 
 miles below him on the river, and that his boats were, befidcs, 
 way-laid, and having reafon to believe this information was 
 true, as they told him the exact number of his boats, and 
 named the place where he left them, he thought proper to 
 confuli with his oilicers concerning a retreat, efpecialiy as he 
 liad the fame reafon to believe that a party of two hundred 
 French, and fifteen Indians, had, tlucc days before he attacked 
 ilic tov.n, gt)ne up the river to\Vig\v:im Martinique, on a fup- 
 poiltion of its being the place he intended to attack. Th^; re- 
 fult of this deliberation was, that there was no fafe way to 
 
 return 
 
 V 
 
LA . E WAR IN AMEHICA. 
 
 return but by No. 4, on the (^mncclicut river: upon this he 
 m:uchcd his detachment that rout for eight days fucceflively, 
 ill one body, till, provifions throwing fcarce, near Amparamagog- 
 Lakc, he thought bell to divide his people into fmall parties, 
 giving guides to each, wii!i orders to rendezvous at the dif- 
 eharge of tlic Amanfook river into the Conn^clicut river, as 
 he there expected to receive a fupply of provifions from the 
 army, in confequence of a requeft he, on his fetting out, had 
 made to the General for that purpofe ; for it was impolliblc 
 for him, at that time, to tell which way he fliould be obliged 
 to return. He then continued his march, and arrived at No. 4, 
 on the 5th day of November ; fatigue, cold, and hunger, with 
 the continual profpctfl of ftarving, being his conftant attendants, 
 but great as the fulferings of ihis party were, they were no- 
 thing when compared with thofc of another, commanded 
 by Lieutenant George Campbell, then of the Rangers. Thefc 
 were, at one time, four days without any kind of fuftenancc, 
 when fome of them, in confcquencc of their complicated mi- 
 fcry, feverely aggravated by their not knowing whither the 
 route they purfued would lead, and, of courfe, ihc little 
 profpe^l of relief that was left them, lort their femes j whilfl 
 others, who could no longer bear the keen pangs of an empty 
 llomach, attempted to eat their own excrements. What leather 
 they had on their cartouch-boxes, they had already reduced to 
 a cinder, and greedily devoured. At length, on tlic 28th of 
 Ov5lober, as they were eroding a fmall river, which was in 
 fome meafure dammed up by logs, they difcovcred fome hu- 
 man bodies not only fcalpcd but horribly mangled, v/hich 
 they fuppofed to be thofc of fome of their own party. But 
 this was not a feafon for didiniflions. On them, accordingly, 
 they fell like Cannibals, and devoured part of them raw; their 
 
 impatience 
 
 823 
 
 ^r 
 
 u^-n... 
 
 
1-4 
 
 n rsTon Y of the 
 
 impatL'ncc bcin.o; too great to wait the kindlin.q; of a fire to 
 tirel:j it l)V. When they li.ul thus ah.iteil the cxcruciaiinej 
 pangs they bchne eiuhiied, they careliilly colleelcti tlic iVaj^- 
 aieniri, ami eanied them oil". This was their folc fupjxjit, 
 except roots and a fiiuirrel, till the 4th of November, when 
 riovivL'nec condue'^ed them lo a boat on the Conncelicut 
 river, which Nhijor Rogers had fent with provifions to their 
 
 re 
 
 jour 
 
 L'liel', and which rendered tolerable the remainder of their 
 )urney to No. 4, where they arrived on the 7th of November. 
 
 Ilavinr; mentioned an attack oi\ tljc fort of Niagara, as part 
 of the plan of operations for this campaign, and having in- 
 formed our readers of its being reduced, it is now time wc 
 fliould give the particulars of that tranfac^ion. General Am - 
 lieril, having taken e\cry precaution necelliiry to inlurc fiu- 
 ccfs to this important attempt, brigadier Pridcaux fet out 
 from Schenectady, with the tioops to be employed oa it, on 
 the 2ctl\ of May. Thefc troops coalillcd of the following re- 
 giments: 
 
 The Forty- fourth, 
 The I'orty-fixth, 
 
 The Fourth battalion of Royal Americans, 
 Two battalions of New- York troops, 
 A detachment of the Royal Artillery ; and 
 A large body of hulians, under the command of Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnlbn. 
 
 When Brigadier Pridcaux arrived at Ofwcgo, he ordered 
 
 Colonel Ilaldimand with a detachment, to remain and ercft 
 
 a toi:il)le fort at that important port. On the id of July, 
 
 tlic Brigadier embarked his troops on Lake-Ontario, and 
 
 7 landed 
 
 '—"til ' I y, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 landed thcm.without meeting any oppofition, about fix miles eafl. 
 of Niagara. This place, being fituatcd on a narrow peninfula, 
 required no great labour efledbually to invcft it by land. As 
 foon, therefore, as he could open a communication between 
 the landing-place and the river, he began his approaches, and 
 cretJted batteries, from which he fired on the defences of the 
 fort i ftill advancing new works, in proportion as thofc de- 
 fences were deftroyed. The French, on their fide, fully con- 
 vinced of the importance of the place, exerted themfclves in 
 taking every necefliary meafurc to defeat the endeavours of 
 the Englifli to get pofilcfllon of it. With this view, all the 
 troops they could fpare from Detroit, Prefque-iflc, Venango, 
 and Lc-Bceuf, were ordered to aflemble at the Rapids, on the 
 call fide of Lake-Erie, and make the bed of their way to at- 
 tack the army befieging Niagara, in the rear j while the be- 
 fiegcd made a fortic on their front. Brigadier Prideaux, 
 who fortunately received timely intelligence of their defigns, 
 made every difpofitioi\ that was neceflUry to fruftrate them. 
 But he did not live to reap the honours due to his uncommon 
 zeal and abilities. On the evening of the 19th of July, as he 
 was giving directions in the trenches, he was unfortunately 
 killed through the careleflTnefs of a gunner in difcharging a co- 
 horn; the fliell burfting inft.intly, as the Brigadier was pafling 
 by it. No time was loft in giving General Amherft an ac- 
 count of this accident} and his Excellency, on receiving it, 
 ordered, as we have already feen, Brigadier Gage, from his 
 own army, to fuccccd him. In the mean time, the command 
 devolved on Sir William Johnson, wlio continued the attack 
 with the utmoft vigour ; took every precaution to receive the 
 enemy, if they fliould attack himj and rcfolvcd to give them 
 battle, rather than retreat ; not doubting but that the courage 
 and ardour of his r.roops would court victory to his banners. 
 
 G s Whilft 
 
 \ U 
 
 ! 
 
 !i 
 
 fl 
 
 ■ |. < 
 
 i' 
 
 V. 
 
 V 1 < 
 
 I 
 
 

 2ZS 
 
 )f ■ 
 
 «750- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Whilft in thcfc difpofitions. he, on the a3d, in the evening, 
 received advice, that the Frencli troops were marching towards 
 him, under the command of M. d'Aubrey, to the amount of 
 about twelve hundred men. Upon this, Sir WilHar". ordered his 
 light infantry and picquets to take pod on the left, on the road 
 between Niagara Falls and the fort -, and then, after reinforcing 
 them with the grenadiers, and another part of tlie forty-fixth 
 regiment, commanded bv Lieutenant-Colonel MalTcy, and the 
 forty-fourth regiment, commanded by Lieutctiant-colonel 
 Vanjuhar, difpoled of them to fuch advantage, as cffc<'ilually 
 to fupport the guard left in the trenches. 
 
 On the morning of tl>e 24th, the French made their appeai^ 
 ance ; and the Indians of the Englilh army advanced to fpeak 
 to thofc of tlifc French ; but the latter declining the c ^fcrcncc, 
 the former gave the \var-wlKx>p, and the adtion commenced. 
 The F.nglifh regulars attacked the French in front, whilfl: the 
 Englifli Indians gained their flank. This threw the French 
 into great difordcr, and the Englifli, fcizf \g fo favourable 
 an opportunity with all the eagernefs it n turally infpired, 
 charged the French with inexprefllblc fuiy, a ^1 lotaMy routed 
 them with great llauglKcr; which continued, ithout ceafmg, 
 till mere fatigue obliged the conquerors to r :urn. But the 
 number of the killed could not be prccifely a crtained, their 
 bodies lying fo difperfed in the woods. 
 
 As the event of this battle, fought in fight ot the befieged, 
 might well be fuppofed fuflicienr to deftroy every hope they 
 entertained of being relieved, Sir William Johnfon fent the 
 commandant, M. Pouchot, Captain in the regiment of Bcarnc, 
 an account of it, by the Honourable Captain Hervey; and 
 fummoncd him to furrcnder in confequcncc of it, whilft he 
 
 . ' yet 
 
 ^.^v 
 
LATE WARIN AMTIRICA. 
 
 yet had in his power to rcarain his favagcs from acls of 
 cruchy. Befides, to leave the commandant no room to doubt 
 his veracity, he permitted fevcral of the officers he had made 
 prifoners on the occafion, to vifit him, and confirm it. Thcfc 
 wife and humane meafures had the dcfired and dcfcrvcd ef- 
 fc(fl. M. Pouchot confented to furrendcr on the following 
 terms : 
 
 Article I. The garrifon fhall march out with their arms and 
 baggage, drum beating, and match Hghted at both ends, 
 and a fmall piece of cannon, to embark upon fuch veifels 
 as the commander of his Britannic Majefty's forces fliall 
 furnifli, to convey them to New- York, by the fhorteft road, 
 and in the Ihortefl; manner. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 II. The garrifon Ihall lay down their ?rms when they em- 
 bark; but fhall keep their baggage. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 III. The officers fliall keep both their arms and their baggage. 
 Granted. 
 
 IV. The French ladies, with their children, and other women, 
 as well as the chaplain, fhall be fent to Montreal ; and the 
 commander of his Britannic Majeily's troops fhall furnifli 
 them with veflcls and fubfiilcnce ncccffary for their voyage 
 to the firll French port ; and this is to be executed as foon as 
 pofliblc : thofc women who chul'c to follow their huihands, 
 are at liberty to do it. 
 
 Granted, except with regard to thofe women who are his 
 Britannic Majeily's fubjecfts. 
 
 G g 2 V. The 
 
 227 
 
 17S9- 
 
 J, \ 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 !l. 
 
 '/I 
 
 i ! IJ 
 
 I 
 
 
 I . 
 
 II >■ 1*1 imr T I iiL 
 
 J: 
 
228 
 
 «7S9- 
 »- — ^-— ' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 V. The fick and wounded who are obliged to remain in the 
 fort, fliall have Hberty to depart, with every thing that be- 
 longs to them ; and fliall be condmfled in fafety, as foon as 
 they arc able to fupport the fatigues of a voyage, to the 
 place deftined for the reft of the garrifon : in the mean time, 
 they arc to be allowed a guard for their fccurity. 
 
 Granted, 
 
 VI. The commanding ofTiccr, all the other officers, and pri- 
 vate men, who arc in the fervice of his Moft Chriftian Ma- 
 jefty, fliall quit the fort without being fubjed to any ad o£ 
 reprifals whatfoever. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 VII. An inventory fliall be made of all the military ftores in 
 the magazine, which, with the artillery, fliall be delivered 
 up, bona fide, as well as all other effedls, which arc the pro- 
 perty of his Moft Chriftian Majefty, and which are found 
 in the magazine at the time of the capitulation. 
 
 Anpwer. The veflels and boats are included in this article. 
 
 VIII. The foldiers fliall not be plundered, nor feparated from 
 their oflicers. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IX. The garrifon fliall be condu(5ted, under a proper efcort, to 
 the place deftined for their reception ; the General fliall ex- 
 prcfbly recommend to this efcort to hinder the favages from 
 approaching and infulting any perfons belonging to the gar- 
 rifon, and fliall prevent their being pillaged by them, whea 
 they quit their arms for embarkation ; and tlic fame care 
 is to be taken on every part of the route where favages may 
 be met with. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 X. An 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 X. An exaft lift fliall be made of the names and furnames of 
 the diiFerent troops, as well regulars as militia, and all 
 others who are employed in his Moft Chriftian Majefty's 
 fervice; and all thofe who are fo employed, fhall be treated 
 in the fame manner as the reft of the garrifon. 
 
 Granted in the firft article. 
 
 XI. All the favages, of whatfocvcr nation they be, who are 
 found in the garrifon, fliall be protedled from infult, and 
 be allowed to go where they pleafe. 
 
 Granted; but it will be advifable for them to depart as 
 privately as poillble. 
 
 Thefe articles being accepted, the General of his Britannic 
 Majefty's forces fhall be put in poflefQon of a gate of the 
 fort; but this cannot be done until to-morrow at feven 
 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 Niagara, PouCHOT, Captain in the 
 
 25th July, 1759, regiment of Bearne. 
 
 Wm. Johnson 
 
 The next day, accordingly, the garrifon, which confifted of 
 about fix hundred men, marched to the fide of the lake, with 
 the honours of war ; and there laid down their arms, and em- 
 barked on board the veflels provided to tranfport them, by the 
 neareft route, to New-York, agreeable to the capitulation. 
 The French ladies, and other French women who had follow- 
 ed their army, were, at their own rcqueft, conducHicd to Mon- 
 treal. 
 
 Though this ficge was fevere, it was not attended with 
 
 any confiderable lols, except that of Brigadier Prideaux and 
 
 ^ Colonel 
 
 229 
 
 >759- 
 
 m 
 
 "«. 
 
 i; 
 
 f/i 
 
 
 .^'S, 
 
— ^ -' 
 
 >7j9- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Colonel fohnfoii of t1i« t'rovincials. When the command 
 devolved on Sir William iohnfon, he parlucd the late Briga- 
 dier's vigorous mcafuu ; anil, as hi3 adopting them fo 
 readily did great honour U) his modcily, fo the happy event 
 contributed equally to dilplay his good Icnfc and lound judg- 
 ment. 
 
 1^' 
 
 M . 
 
 This mod important pofl of Niagara, the ftrongcft the French 
 pollelled in this part of America, being now in the hands of 
 the Fnglilli, there was no room to fear any great relillancc 
 from the forts of Prcfque-Ille, Venango, and Ic Bcruf ; efpe- 
 cially confidcriiig how much their garriibns mufl have been 
 weakened by the draughts made from them toallifl the Frencii 
 army in dieir late unfuccefsful attack of the 24tb Accordingly, 
 Colonel Bouquet, who was detached from . .gadier Stanwii's 
 army, for that purpofc, luid fcarcc any thing to do, but ap- 
 jcar before them, to oblige the French to furrcnder. 
 
 iHl 
 
 V¥i 
 
 .ivitei 
 
 ii 
 
 We muft now for a moment, return to Colonel Haldimand, 
 v/ho, as we have already mentioned, had been left at Ofwcgo 
 by Brigadier I'rideaux. In the forenoon of x}\c ^ih of July, 
 vhilll he was executing the orders left him by the liriga- 
 dier, the hitlian howl was heard, and word was brought 
 by fome fcouts he had fent out upon the lake, that they had 
 difcovcrcd about one hundred boats. Between eleven and 
 twelve, fome Indians and Canadians appeared round the 
 place by land, and made a (licw of attacking two redoubts, 
 which he hail thrown up to ftrengthen it ; but he loon drove 
 them oil, into the woods. From theiicc, liowever, thvy 
 continued to fire till fun-fef, but kept quiet all night, in 
 the mean time a dcfertcr of the French corps de mar'mt tame 
 7 in, 
 
 A 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 in, and gave intelligence, that M. dc la Corne commanded 
 the party, conliftin^;; of about three hundred of the corps dc 
 marine, thirteen hundred Canadians, and one hundred and 
 fifty Indians ; and that la Cornc had hopes of furprifin'T the 
 pod : that the Abbe Piquet marched at the head of thcfc 
 troops till they began the attack, encouraging them, from 
 the profpe<5t of plunder they were to get, to give no (Quar- 
 ter. The night, however, paflcd without any alarm. At 
 day-break, the Indians made their appearance again ; and, 
 by half an hour after feven, raoft of them marched to 
 the left of the Englifli, as if they intended to attack the in- 
 trenchment: but two pieces of cannon, loaded with grape, 
 feconded by the mufketry, drove them back again very fpced- 
 ily. They, then, no lefs than three times, endeavoured to fee 
 fire to the boats ; but all to no purpofe. In thefe fevcral at- 
 tacks, the Englifli had two men killed ; and Captain Sowers, 
 the Engineer, Lieutenant Otter of the Royal Americans, and 
 eleven private, wounded. The French buried their dead ; and 
 took ofl' their wounded ; as appeared by the blood which 
 could be traced to the batteaus. But the number was foon 
 known by fix deferters of the corps dc marine, all Germans. 
 By their report, an officer of the corps de marine was killed ; the 
 Commandant of la Galktte, another officer, and about twenty 
 private men, were wounded. M. de la Corne got as little ho- 
 nour as intelligence by this attack ; for he neither made a 
 prifoner, or got a fcalp, though the del'ertcrs declared that he 
 oilcrcd a thoufand livvcs for one. 
 
 As to the Abbe Piquet, who dilUnguiflicd himfclf fo much 
 by his brutal zeal, as he did not expofe himfelf to any dan- 
 ger, he received no injury ; and he yet lives, jullly defpilcd to 
 fuch a degree by every one who knows any thing of his pad 
 
 conduifu. 
 
 231 
 
'(>: 
 
 232 
 
 »759- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 condu(?l in America, that fcarce any officer will admit him t9 
 his tabic. However repugnant it mud be to every idea of ho- 
 nour and humanity, not to give quarter to an enemy when 
 fubdued ; it muft be infinitely more fo, not to fpare women 
 and children. Yet fuch had often been the obje<5ls of the 
 Abbe Piquet's cruel advice, enforced by the mod barbarous ex- 
 amples, cfpecially in the Englilh fettlements on the back of 
 Virginia and Pennfylvania. 
 
 We have ftill to relate the proceedings of Brigadier Stan- 
 wix, as part of the plan of operations immediately under the 
 direction of the Commander in chief. He was ordered to Fort- 
 Pitt, with a battalion of Royal Americans commanded by Co- 
 lonel Bouquet, three battalions of Provincials, and fome In- 
 dians, to attack the forts Venango, le Boeuf, and Prefque-Ifle j 
 and likcwifc receive the fubmiflion of the Indians inhabit- 
 ing that part of the country. He reached Fort-Pitt without any 
 obfl.iu(ftion ; and detached Colonel Bouquet to poflcfs himfelf of 
 the above polls, which he did without any great difficuhy; 
 the greater part of their garrifons, as we have already obfcrv- 
 ed, having been detached with a view of railing the fiegc of 
 Niagara ; and, unfortunately for them, fallen in that attempt. 
 
 The Brigadier put Fort Pitt and Fort-Ligonier into a good 
 ftate of defence ; and having attached fome Indians to the in- 
 tcreft of the Englifli, returned to his former poft. Venango 
 and le Boeuf were well garrifoned, and likewife Prefque-Ifle. 
 Detroit was the only fort of any confequence which the 
 French ftill retained upon the Lake-Erie, and its garrifon 
 were expofcd to the perpetual danger of periQiing ; as every 
 communication, by which they could receive provifions, was 
 •entirely dcilroyed by the rcdudion of the above forts. 
 
 THE 
 
 h I ii 
 
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 THE 
 
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 L^i i^ii""-"^-' 
 
 
■1 
 
 11 
 
 'Hbp 
 
 IF 
 
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 1 il 
 
 ^1 
 
 t M 
 
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 ^^ * 
 
 fvi^l 
 
 (If 
 
 f 
 
 i'i ^ 
 
 msii 
 
lO. 
 
 JLiui Quivtrrt. 
 
 BftinJ>a k Lbifi tp hrlcte^ fUei 
 pM.StPrtit.k ItVuA^ pltur . 
 ABattrrt: rrttitdtp (n-e ufxm^ (Snt 
 
 trhmattatUr^oirBoaUmihe 
 
 7. L^jht fnf'imlrw 
 
 8. nrtuiQtuvrtrrj. 
 Q. (^ttJrtirlriMnit . 
 10. HAft'iita . 
 
 Reit 'uhtt. wrt/iHctufi . 
 
 Lint . 
 
 Rijttrrie*. itnd i4Tlie<piets . 
 
 ; 
 
 i 
 
 
 v;; 
 
!'U1T\IJ pC.K il.-J. 
 
 KEFmiEXCES to du*C\\AIia.INES.M«TWENCHMENT, 
 iromP()IXTLEVl,u» POINTDES Pi'.HKS 
 
 \.Thi- I'i'Us from 'lu-hiiu wtdi <u\ hur.'iu'hifunt.and iUi Ahbaitij Ju Rois . 
 
 for shf seatriti' of'the i\un<.>. 
 a. BiKir Of' HiU\ofrj . " 
 
 3. Aihwici'tiL'ost cf'^ltfior I'KiUf'ufti iorps . 
 \ BtithTies ttnd Reiii'iibts fn\ mftufimMf the lowfrTflwn . 
 ;,. Miirmtv Rctioubrt to aner tht fitittrrii-j . 
 (J. Redoubts and fntrem-hments to Jtivt{if/itm t/w Lines . 
 
 Chapii(tndBx<tisetiu7MiintoanJL}Sf'itiil. 
 
 dattfr)' of^twothms . 
 
 8. 
 
 .0- 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 13. 
 11- 
 
 jfi'f'H^imi7tt . 
 .t^lRetmurrt . 
 4fi^Rt^nfnt. 
 ^fif'Biffimfrit. 
 
 MovulU^ment of.4:irtillerv . 
 Alarines . 
 
 IIKFI'UIFJVCES to tlio SlIOUEoflVKAUPORT. 
 
 t.lntrmtivnmts nuufe by rixe tWrwh . 
 
 ,3 A/itittert' erreti't/ bv the Frettrh IP annoy AlonOnoreney Camp . 
 
 HEFERENCE S to QlTEBE C . 
 
 ii.ljiilaee Cnite . 
 l\S* John's Gate , 
 c.S*Lotdts Gate . 
 (i.l'otasse hastion . 
 e.S^. John's BasHon . 
 f. S^r^su/as Bastion . 
 If. StLouis's3asaon. 
 hJja Glacier e Basticn . 
 i. Cape Diamond Bastion . 
 k. Fort S* Louis. 
 
 IIEFEIIENCBS to tllcBAl 
 
 i. The L,tndinff of'theArmshlho^ 
 a . Uritiah 'JYoops. drawn itp in 
 3. Drench Arniv, dratm upmJ 
 . |. IJoiue . ami natteries offoi 
 Ihench abandoned. 
 
 
 Jitttid /i-cmi LtVitU^: 
 
 -.-. «cn»>-\'»'TiiniiiinJMr!W5 
 
 j>%4iM'\ 
 
 ■■• .i^irrm'-n- 
 
 >£;^jak. 
 
Ij 
 
 • -- - I 
 
 ' ^ ^ «= , • ' I 
 
 Attack on Quebec. TIuvFj.eet romniaiuledbyAPMRAL 
 
 lEFFJlKN CE S to tllcDATTl^ of QUEBE C 
 
 'JTie Jstimiu^ff oftfie^rmshlhops . 
 
 3ritisfi1h}ops,drawnupinLmfpf'Hatt{e, 
 fVench Arniv. tfnom upinLoie of'Jlatdf . 
 IJoiue .anti Ratterifi of (our Gtma, which thf 
 IVench atiafuUmed . 
 
 
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UTNJ)KUs . Tlie AllM\'bvMAJnii 
 
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m 
 
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 A 
 
 ^ 
 
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 A 
 
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 Reference s to die Caaip qii 
 tlieWeft part of ORLEANS . 
 
 a. 3i^Jlf/mimt. 
 
 3. 47^ep^imt. 
 
 4. ^idf'Mefimmt. 
 
 ^ I'BaUnlion cfMcval Ameriama . 
 
 6. Louiih niro Greruidifrj . 
 
 7. liphttiflmtrv. 
 
 8. BeadQuartrrji. 
 g. Bbspital. 
 
 10. Mtdoubts kLbies to inclose ^{-Sps- 
 
 pttal,StPres,k landiruf pltwe , 
 n ABattay.frtetedtD (ire tipcmiEne^ 
 
 REFEIIENCE S to die CAMP 
 
 atMONTMOHENC I . 
 
 \.TheiPf'M,uiimmt. 
 a. \ir R^aimeTtt. 
 
 4^^Be(tment . 
 
 sS^mpment. 
 
 z'^Barmhim (fHcsal-dmenearu. 
 
 J^iiuhouni Grmadt'erj . 
 
 Luthtffifimtry. 
 8. Bead Qitartnv . 
 Q. QiutrtirlTtuxrdi . 
 
 Eedciibts. 
 
 Medoii la, yyithBoiaet . 
 
 n^'iBaape«,flpatir\ciBattmet.ke. \ u. line. 
 
 whm altadar^ ourBoat* inlht 1 ©. 3attmc.f,imdi4Fic(fneta. 
 NorOiCfinrmfJ. 
 
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 ^W=*^ 
 
 r.*^" 
 
 v.^ 
 
THE 
 
 ' fi 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 Expedition againjl ^ebec. Forces employed in it. Previous 
 
 difpojttions to injure fuccefs. The Englijl} troops land on the 
 
 ijland of Orleans^ in the river St. Laivrence. General Wolfe's 
 
 inanifejlo. Strength of the French. An attempt made by them 
 
 to deflroy the Engliflj feet by frc-flnps defeated. A fally 
 
 made by them to defroy the firft ivorks of the Englifl} repulfed. 
 
 The Engli/lj prepare to attack the French troops covering the 
 
 town. The French again attempt to defroy the Engliff} feet by 
 
 fire-rafts. The Englijh attack the French are repulfed. 
 
 Ordi-.n iffued by General IVolfc. General Wolfe falls fick. His 
 
 letter, on the occafion, to the Brigadiers and their anfwer. ■ 
 
 Battle of ^tebcc General Wolfe and M. de Montcalm killed. 
 
 The toivn invefed capitulates the articles. Refections on 
 
 the foregoing events. Honours paid the conquerors by their King 
 
 and country and to M. de Montcalm by the French army. The 
 
 Cherokecs ravage the frontiers of South-Carolina are compelled 
 
 to make a peace^ by Mr. Lyttelton, governor of that province. Ar- 
 ticles of the peace. 
 
 WE Ihall now proceed to give a detail of the campaign 
 againa c:)ucbee, the fuccel's of which, in Ibme mcafurc, 
 depended upon the operations of General Amherft, either by 
 
 II h his 
 
 1759- 
 
 rr 
 
 '« . 
 
 i 4 
 
 .:•:•«» 
 
 f ii 
 
 ^, 
 
234 
 
 »759- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 his engaging the attention of a great part of the forces that 
 might otherwife be employed to defend that place, or by his 
 penetrating to the affiftance of General Wolfe, who was to at- 
 tack it. In the cowrfe of this expedition, we fhall have occa- 
 fion to admire the moft undaunted refolution combined with 
 the calmed perfeverance, amidft an unufual variety of oppo- 
 fttion, arifmg from the peculiar fituation of the country, and 
 the great abilities of M. de Montcalm, who was charged with 
 tis defence. 
 
 About the middle of February, a confidcrable fquadron 
 failed from England to Louifbourg, where the fleet and the 
 troops defigned for the expedition up the river St. Lawrence 
 were to rendezvous ; and arrived off that place on the 21ft of 
 April. But the harbour was ftill fo blocked up with ice, that 
 there was no entering it. The fquadron, therefore, of which 
 Admiral Saunders was commander in chief, afliiled by Ad- 
 mirals Durell and Holmes, fleered for Halifax in Nova-Scotia; 
 where being arrived, the whole fleet at that place confifted of 
 the following (hips of the line : 
 
 I 
 
 Names. Cuns. 
 
 The Neptune 
 
 Princefs Amelia 
 Dublin - - 
 Royal William 
 Shrewfl)ury 
 Northumberland 
 Orford - - 
 Somerfet 
 Vanguard 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 90 Admiral Saunders 
 
 80 Durell 
 
 74 Holmes 
 
 84 Captain Pigot 
 
 74 Pallifer 
 
 70 Lord Colville 
 
 64 Spry 
 
 68 Hughes 
 
 74 6 wanton 
 
 Terrible 
 
 \l ,\ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Guns. 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 The Terrible - - 
 
 64 
 
 C ptain Collins 
 
 Trident - - 
 
 64 
 
 Legge 
 
 Alcide 
 
 64 
 
 Douglafs 
 
 Devonfliire 
 
 74 
 
 Gordon 
 
 Captain 
 
 70 
 
 Amherft 
 
 Stirling-caftle 
 
 <54 
 
 Everet 
 
 Prince of Orange 
 
 60 
 
 WalliS 
 
 Medway 
 
 60 
 
 Proby 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 69 
 
 Wheelock 
 
 Bedford 
 
 68 
 
 Fowkes 
 
 Centurion 
 
 60 
 
 Mantle 
 
 Sutherland 
 
 50 
 
 Roufe 
 
 Prince Frederick 
 
 64 
 
 Booth 
 
 Thefe capital fliips were accompanied by an equal number 
 of frigates, and fmall armed veflels. 
 
 The land-forces on this fervice conilfted of 
 
 The fifteenth regiment 
 
 twenty-eighth - - . 
 
 thirty-^fth - . . 
 
 forty-third - - - 
 
 forty-fevcnth - - - 
 
 forty-eighth _ - - 
 
 fifty-eighth - - _ - 
 
 feventy-eighth - - - 
 
 _, , . c fecond battalion 
 
 Royal Americans i , . , , 
 
 ( third battalion 
 
 Hh s 
 
 Amherfl's 
 
 Bragg's 
 
 Otway's 
 
 Kennedy's 
 
 Lafcelles's 
 
 Webb's 
 
 Anftruther's 
 
 Frafer's 
 
 Monckton's 
 
 Lawrence's 
 
 Three 
 
 V\ :■} 
 
 ■i"^ 
 
 p* • fj 
 
 •> 1^ 
 
 . ,1 ifi 
 
 \> i 
 
 t -^ ^ 
 
I' I 
 
 It ] 
 
 r 
 
 236 
 
 I7^0• 
 
 . HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Three companies of rangers; a detaclniicnt of the Royal Ar- 
 tillery ; and a brigade of engineers. 
 
 Ilic whole commanded by Major-General James Wolfe. 
 The other general and flaiT oflicers of the army were as follows: 
 
 ISTonckton • 
 
 Townfliend . Brigadiers-General. 
 
 Murray 
 
 The Honourable Colonels 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Carleton, Quarter-Mafter-General. 
 Captains Caldwell and Lcflic, aflillants to the Quartcr-Maftcr- 
 
 General. 
 Major Barrc, Adjutant-General ; and 
 Major Mackcller, Chief Engineer. 
 
 'Ihc regiments were formed into three brigades • 
 
 rirft brigade. Brigadier Monckton. 
 Fifteenth 
 Forty-third 
 Forty-eighth 
 Seventy-eighth 
 
 Second brigade. Brigadier Townfliend. 
 Twenty-eighth 
 Forty-feventh 
 Second battalion of the fixtieth 
 
 Third brigade. Brigadier Murray. 
 Thirty-fiftii 
 Fifty-eighth 
 Third battalion of the fixtieth 
 
 The 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The grenadiers of the army were formed into a corps, un- 
 der the command of Colonel Carleton; a detachment, called 
 the Louijhourg Grenadiers^ ^vcre to receive their orders from 
 Lieutenant-Colonel iMurray ; the honourable Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel Howe had a detachment of light infantry under his com- 
 mand J and Major Dalling, another corps of the fame troops. 
 Major Scott headed tlie rangers. 
 
 Before Admiral Saunders left England, he had received intel- 
 ligence, that the French would endeavour to throw into Qiic- 
 bcc a reinforcement of troops, ammunition, and other ftorcs. 
 He tlierefore ordered Admiral Durell, with a fmali fcjuadron, 
 to fail up the river St. Lawrence, and intercept any fupplies 
 intended for Quebec. Admiral Durell picked up two ftore- 
 fliips ; but feventeen had arrived too foon for him, with re- 
 cruits, provifions, and military (lores, under the convoy of 
 three frigates. 
 
 From Halifax, Admiral Saunders proceeded to Louifbourg, 
 as foon as the ice would permit him to enter that harbour. 
 Here, in conjuntftion with the General, he made fuch difpofi- 
 tions as were neceflary for the profecution of the intended en- 
 terprize againft Quebec. F'vcry poflible precaution was taken 
 by the Admiral to prevent any accidents that miglit happen 
 to his fliips in their progrcfs up the river of St. Lawrence; 
 the navigation of which the French had artfully reprefented 
 as very dangerous. But had it been really fo, the wife pre- 
 cautions of the Admiral, by poding vcflcls near every place 
 there was any rcafon to fiqipofe dangerous, would have pro- 
 cured fafety to the fleet, as long as his order of failing fliould 
 
 be obferved. 
 
 Though 
 
 'III I:' 
 
 »759- 
 
 0- 
 
 *i 
 
 l.'i 
 
 '11 
 
 jl :-' 
 
 ".^'«hk 'ii^iiif* .^Mm 
 
h'- 
 
 asR 
 
 r59- 
 
 I ^k 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Though the fhips began to fail out of Louifbourg harbour 
 the ift of June, it was the 6th before they had all cleared it. 
 The Admiral then fleered for Quebec ; and on the a6th, ar- 
 rived without the leall accident off the illand of Orleans, 
 where tlic troops were landed the next day. This ifland is fitu- 
 ated a little below Quebec. It is fertile, and well cultivated, 
 and produces great plenty of grain. Immediately after the 
 troops were landed, there came on a very heavy gale of wind, 
 bv which many anchors and fmall boats were Idl, and the 
 tranfports fuftained much damage, by driving the one againll 
 the other. 
 
 On tlie 28th, General Wolfe publifhcd a manifefto, fetting 
 forth, " That the King his mailer, juftly exafpcrated againft the 
 Trench Monarch, had equipped a large armament to reduce 
 the moll confiderablc French fcttlemcnts in America ; but that 
 it was not on the induftrious peafants, their wives, and chil- 
 dren, nor againft the minifters of religion, that he intended 
 to make war; on the contrary, he lamented the mifery to 
 which they muft be cxpofcd by the quarrel, and, therefore, 
 he offered them his protection, and promifcd to maintain 
 them in the enjoyment of their temporal poilcilions, as well 
 as in the free exercife of their religion ; provided they would 
 remain quiet, and lake no part in the difference between the 
 two crowns. That, as the Englifli were maflers of the river 
 St. Lawrence, fo as to be able to intercept all fuccours from 
 Kurope ; and as they had befidcs a powerful army, imder the 
 command of General Amherft, the refolution which they 
 ought on this occafion to take, was neither difficult nor doubt- 
 ful, as the utmoft exertion of their valour would be ufelef?, 
 and ferve only to deprive them of the advantages, which they 
 ndght reap from their neutrality. He then mentioned the 
 
 3 cruelties 
 
 I 1 
 
 ■riM 
 
 <^ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 cruelties exercifed by the French, which he faid would alitho- 
 rifc the mod feverc rcpriluls ; but that Britons were too ge- 
 nerous to follow fuch barbarous examples. He again offered to 
 the Canadians the fweets of peace amidft the horrors of war ; 
 and left to themfelvcs to determine their own fate by their 
 own condu(5t ; exprefling his hopes that the world would do 
 him juftice, fliould they oblige him, by rejecting thefe favour- 
 able terms, to adopt violent meafures. He concluded, by re- 
 prefenting to them the power, as well as the generofity of 
 Great Britain, who thus ftretched out the hand of huma- 
 nity, and offered her afliftance, when France was, by her 
 weakncfs, compelled to abandon them in the moil critical 
 conjuncture." 
 
 This declaration had no effeft. Every peafant exerted his 
 utmoft endeavours to be uleful to his country. They either 
 fervcil iii ilic army, or furnifhed it with provifions. Not 
 content with this, they committed the mod cruel hoftilities, 
 by fcalping all thofe who fell in their way. General Wolfe 
 exerted himfelf to put a flop to this inhuman practice, by 
 reprefenting thefe cruelties to M. de Montcalm, as contrary to 
 the rules of war obferved by all civilized nations. But the 
 French General's authority was not fufficient to bridle the 
 bloody difpoiition of the favagcs ; and General Wolfe, in order 
 to intimidate them, was obliged to connive at fome irregulari- 
 ties by way of retaliation. 
 
 M. dc Montcalm, who commanded tile French troops, had 
 greatly added to the natural ftrengthof the country, by intrench- 
 ing every acceflible place j and feemed to put more confidence 
 in his fituation than in the number of his troops, though fupe- 
 rior to that of the invaders. He had, likcwife, thrown into 
 
 Quebec 
 
 l\ 
 
 AiAh 
 
 ! rii 
 
 VWi^iA 
 
 >r!(i 
 
 71 
 
 ' •111 ' » \l IV • I 
 
 4-; 
 
ft "! 
 
 •ji 
 
 
 .,J5 
 
 240 
 
 175^). 
 
 II 1ST on V OF THE 
 
 Quebec five battalions of regulars, completed from the beft 
 inliabitants of the country. Some of the troops of the co- 
 lony, and every Canadian able to bear arms, with feveral nations 
 of favages, had taken the field, in a very advantageous fitua- 
 tion ; and encamped, along the (liorc of Beauport, from the 
 river St. Charles to the Falls of Montmorcnci. 
 
 The Admiral having conceived fome fufpicion, that the ene- 
 my had artillery and a force upon the point of Levi ; he com- 
 municated it to the General, who, thereupon, detached Briga- 
 dier Monckton, with four battalions, to drive them from 
 thence. With this view, the Brigadier pafiTed the river on the 
 29th at night ; and marching next day to the Point, obliged 
 the enemy's irregulars to retire, and poflefTed himfelf of that 
 pod, after fkirmilhing a little with the Canadians and the 
 Indians, without any material lofs. But the Brigadier found 
 no cannon or batteries, as was fuppofed to be erected on this 
 fpot. Colonel Carleton marched, alfo, with a detachment to 
 the weftermofl; part of the ifle of Orleans, from whence there 
 was fome rcafon to think the operations would commence. 
 
 On the Point of Levi w'crc now cretfted, though not with- 
 out great dillicuky, batteries of mortars and cannon, to fire 
 tlic magazines, dcniolifli the works, and filcnce the bat- 
 teries of the town. It was incumbent on the Englifli to make 
 thcmfclvcs maflersof, and fortify thefe two Points, were it only 
 hccaufe the Vrcnth, from ciilicr one or the other of them, 
 could cafily render it impolllblc lor any fliip to lie in the bafon 
 of (^lebcc, or even within two miles of it. 
 
 M. dc Montcalm, well aware of the advantage which thefe 
 
 works would gi\c to the Englilh, by the time he judged they 
 
 X were 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 were in fome forwardncfs, ordered fixteen hundred men to 
 crofs tlic river and dcftroy them. But this detachment fell 
 into difordcr, fired upon each other, and made a precipitate re- 
 treat; which, in all appearance, however, prevented their 
 being entirely cut off. Thefc batteries were not long finiflicd, 
 when they juftified M. dc Montcalm's fears ; they did confidcr- 
 ablc damage to the upper town, though the fire was acrofs 
 the river. As to the lower town, it was entirely dcftroycd by 
 them. 
 
 In the mean time the fleet had been cxpofcd to the moft 
 imminent danger. The enemy, judging that the ftonn on the 
 28th mud create great cont'ufion, prepared feven fire-fliips to 
 take advantage of it ; and at midniglit fent them down from 
 Quebec among the tranfports. But this fchemc, though well 
 contrived, was intircly defeated by tiic feafonable orders of 
 the Admiral, and the boldnefs and dexterity of the feamen, 
 who towed the fne-fliips a ground, where they burnt to the 
 water's edge, without doing the lead injury to any part of the 
 fquadron. 
 
 The works, for the fccurity of the hofpitals and flores on 
 the iiland of Orleans, being now finiflied, the army, in the 
 night of the 9th of July, pafled the north channel ; and en- 
 camped near the enemy's left, the river Montmorency lying 
 between them. The next morning Danks's company of Ran- 
 gers, who were ported in a wood to cover fome workmen, 
 were attacked and entirely defeated by a body of Intlians j 
 who, however, fullered confidcrably in this afl'air, and were, 
 in their turn, rcpuHcd by tlic ncarell troops. 
 
 The General had conceived fome hopes of engaging M. dc 
 Montcalm upon more equal terms than thofeof dircclly attack- 
 ing him in his intrenchments ; for the ground to tIiecalU\ ard of 
 
 841 
 
 '75;- 
 
 VJ 
 
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 SI'' ill 
 
 il i 
 
 .1; 
 
 f] 
 
 li 
 
 liC 
 
 U.1 
 
 -*»»j.^. 
 
P; 
 
 t' .:i 
 
 
 42 
 
 >7S9' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the Falls ffcmcd to him to be, as it really is, higher than that oft 
 the enemy's fulc ; and from thence he thought fomc advantage 
 might be derived. There is alio a ford below the Falls, w^hich 
 may be palled, for fome liours, in the latter part of the ebb, 
 and the beginning of the flood tide ; and there was ibnie rea- 
 Ibn to believe, that other means might he found to pafs the 
 river above tlie Falls, lint though, in reconnoitring the 
 river, a ford was difcovered about three miles up, the oppo- 
 fite bank was fo flcep and woody, and fo well intrenched, tliat 
 any attempt to pafs at that place muft have proved incilcc- 
 tual. The detaclimcnt fent to reconnoitre it, was twice at- 
 tacked by the Indians, but they were cafily repulfed. Thcfc 
 rencounters, however, loil the Englifli forty private men, bc- 
 fidcs fome officers killed and wounded. 
 
 The General now determined to reconnoitre the country 
 above the town. For this purpofe, on the i8th of July, the 
 Admiral ordered two men of war, two armed floops, and two 
 tranfports, which had fome troops on board, to run up the river; 
 thcfc palled by the town, and got into the upper river without 
 any lofs, except that of the Diana, who ran afliore upon the 
 rocks of Poiiu-I.cvi : but here the enemy had ufed the fame 
 precautions as in the lower, and the difficulties occafioncd 
 by them were greatly incrcafcd by that of communicating 
 with the flats, and by the nature of the grounu. But the molt 
 forbidding circumllance was, a well grounded apprehenfion 
 that, if the General fliould attempt a landing between tlic town 
 and Cape -Rouge, the body firft landed would be attacked by 
 the enemy's whole army, •before any more troops could be 
 put alhorc to fuppori it. 
 
 Thcfc miglny ohftaclcs, however, were not fufficicnt to 
 
 deter the General from forming a plan for landing at St. Mi- 
 
 7 chad's, 
 
 I ^ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 chad's, about three miles above the town. But having difcovcrcd 
 that the enemy, jealous of the defign, had adlually brought 
 artillery and a mortar to play upon the fliipping, and judging 
 that, as it muft be many hours before they could be attacked 
 by his troops, even fuppofing that a favourable night fliould 
 carry the boats unhurt beyond the reach of the town, he dropt 
 the defign as rather too hazardous. However, to divide the 
 enemy's force, draw their attention as high up the river as 
 poilible, and at the fame time procure fome intelligence, he 
 ordered Colonel Carleton, with a detachment, to land at the 
 Toint-ans-TrembUs, to attack whatever he might find there, 
 and bring off fome prifoners, and all the ufeful papers 
 that he could ; for information had been received, that le- 
 vcral of the inhabitants of Quebec had retired to that place ; 
 and this was a circiimftance which rendered it not impro- 
 bable, that a magazine of provifions had been formed there. 
 
 Colonel Carleton was fired upon by a party of Indians the 
 moment he landed ; but he foon difpcrfcd, and drove them 
 into the woods. He then fcarchcd f9r magazines ; but all to 
 no purpofc. However he broiight off fome prifoners, and re- 
 turned witli little lofs. 
 
 The General now came to Montmorency, where Brigadier 
 Townflicnd had, by a fuperior fire, prevented the Frcncli from 
 crcifling a battery on the banks of the river, from whence 
 tlicy intended to cannonade the Englifli camp. 
 
 But as General Wolfe had not yet been fortunate enough 
 to difcover any fpot where the t|iflicultics were lefs, he refolv- 
 ed, at all events, to fcize the firll opportunity v^hich prcfcnt- 
 cd itfclf of attacking the enemy, however advantageouQy 
 they might be poficd, and liow well focvcr they might be pre- 
 pared to receive him. 
 
 li 8 
 
 'Ih: 
 
 !;■ 
 
 
 / 
 
 It 
 
 >, 
 
mM 
 
 'm 
 
 IIISTGKY OF THE 
 
 The men of war could not get near enough to the encmy'sy 
 trenches to annoy them, for want of a fuHIcicnt depth of 
 water. The Achniral, therefore, prepared two tranfports that 
 drew hut httle, to he run a-ground, if oceaiion required it, and 
 thereby favour tlie dcfcent. With the ailillancc of thefe vcf- 
 fcls, which the General underflood would be carried in clofc 
 to the lliore, he propofed to make himfelf mailer of a detacli- 
 cd redoubt, clole to the water's aXgc, which appeared to be 
 out of mulket-Ihot of the intrenchnient upon the hill. If tlic 
 enemy oflered to fupport thir> work, it would bring on what 
 he moll wanted, an engagement ; and if it did not, it would 
 at leail afford the means of difcovering their fituation, with 
 fullicient preeifion to determine where it was mod eligible to 
 attack them. 
 
 ]% 
 
 W , 
 
 Whihl preparations were accordingly making for an engage- 
 ment, on the 28th of July, at midnight, the French fentdown a 
 raft of fire flages, confiding of near an hundred radcaux, which 
 fuecceded no better than the fire-fliips. Things being in readi- 
 ncfs for the fervicc in agitation, on the lafl day of July, in 
 the forenoon, the boats of the fleet were filled with grena- 
 diers, and a part of Brigadier Monckton's brigade, from the 
 Point of Levi. The two brigades, under the Brigadiers Mur- 
 ray and Townfliend, were ordered to be in readinefs to pafs the 
 ford, when it fliould be thought neceflary ; and the Admiral 
 placed the Centurion in the channel, in order to facilitate their 
 pafTage by checking the fire of the lower battery, which com- 
 manded the ford. 1 his was a happy thought ; her fire being 
 extremely well dirc'flcd, anfwered every purpofe that could 
 be expected from it. A numerous train of artillery was be- 
 fides placed on the eminence, to batter and enfilade the left of 
 the enemy's intrcnchmcnts. The two tranfports were then 
 
 run 
 
 •i , m 
 
 rill -tiu 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 run a-ginund ; and tli.it \vhicl\ was fanlicft upon tlic fliorc, 
 aflbrdrtl the General an opportunity of obferving, that the re- 
 doubt was too much commanded, to be kept without very 
 great lofs. Tor the two armed ihips could not be brought 
 near enough to cover it, as was at firfl. lupixjfed, with their 
 artillery and nmlketry at the fame time. 
 
 Thefe previous mcafurcs, however, having thrown the 
 enemy into fomc confufion, the General, who was prepared 
 for an action, thought it no bad opportunity to make an at- 
 tempt upon their intrcnchment. Me therefore fcnt orders 
 to the brigadiers-general, to be ready with the corps under 
 their command ; Brigadier Monckton to land, and the Uriga- 
 dicrs Townflicnd and Murray to pafs the ford. 
 
 At a proper time of the tide, the fignal was made for this 
 purpofe ; but many of the boats, in rowing towards the fliore, 
 grounded on a ridge of rocks, that ran out a confiderable dil- 
 tancc into the river. This accident caufed fomc difordcr, and 
 fo much lofs of time, that the General was obliged to flop the 
 march of Brigadier Townfliend's brigade, which he perceived 
 to be in motion. During the time it took the fcamen to get 
 off the boats, the enemy fired a vafl; number of Ihot and 
 fliells ; but they did little damage. The grounded boats be- 
 ing fet afloat, the whole were foon ranged in a proper man- 
 ner; and fome of the navy-officers accompanied the General 
 to difcover a better place to land at. They took witii them a 
 flat-bottomed boat to make tlie experiment ; and as foon as 
 they had found what they wanted, the General ordered the • 
 troops to difembark, thinking it not yet too late for the attempt. 
 
 Thirteen companies of grenadiers, and tv/o hundred of tlie 
 fecond battalion of the Royal Americans, got firfl on fhorc. The 
 
 grenadiers 
 
 iu hi i 
 
 i H 
 
 
1759- 
 
 ) HI 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 o-renadicrs had orders to form thcmfelvcs into four diftind 
 bodies, and to begin the attack, fupported by Brigadier Monck- 
 ton's corps, as foon as the troops fliould have pafled the ford, 
 and were near enough to aflift them. But, whether from the 
 noife and hurry of landing, or from fome other caufc, the gre- 
 nadiers, inflead of forming themfelves as they were dire(5led, 
 ran on impctuoully towards the enemy's intrenchments, in the 
 utmoft diforder and confufion, without waiting for the corps 
 which was to fupport them, and join in the attack. Briga- 
 dier Monckton was not yet landed ; and Brigadier Townlhcnd 
 was ftill at a confiderable diftance from them, though upon 
 his march to join tliem in very good order. The grenadiers 
 were checked by the enemy's firfl: fire, and were obliged to 
 ihcltcr thcmlclvcs in or about the redoubt, which the French 
 abandoned at their approach. In this fituation they conti- 
 nued fome time, imable to form under fo hot a fire; and 
 many gallant oflicers, caielefs of their perfons, having been 
 wounded, it became necellliry to call them oil', that they might 
 form behind Brigadier Monckton's corps, which was now 
 landed, and drawn up on the beach in extreme good ordei*. 
 
 By this new accident, and the fecond delay occafioned there- 
 by, it was near night before any more could be done ; and 
 then a laddcn Ilorm came on, and the tide began to make; 
 fo that the General thought it mod advifable not to pcrfevere 
 in fo (linicult an attack; particularly as, in cafe of a repulfc, 
 the retreat of Brigadier Townfliend's corps migiit become ha- 
 zardous and uncertain. 
 
 The artillery had great ellecT; upon the enemy's left, which 
 Brigarlicrs Townfhend and Murray weie to have attacked; 
 an I it is very jrobable, that, had it not been for the above 
 accidents, the linglilh would have penetrated there; and 
 
 tlieir 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 their left and center being more remote from their artillery, 
 would have borne all the violence of the French mufketrv. 
 
 The enemy made no attempt to interrupt this retreat. Wwx. 
 the favages, agreeable to their cuftom, came down, and mur- 
 dered fuch of the wounded as could not be got off, and fcalp- 
 ed the dead. Among the wounded who clcapcd their cruel 
 hands, was Lieutenant Peyton of the Royal Americans ; wliolc 
 cafe, for the Angularity of it, deferves to be particularly men- 
 tioned. Being providentially provided with a double-barrelled 
 fufil, though not able to ftir from the fpot where he lay, 
 he killed two of the favages as they were advancing to 
 execute their horrid purpofe ; and, before others could come 
 up, he was taken off the field by a Highlander, and laid down 
 in a boat which was ready to put off. 
 
 In this attack the Englifh had upwards of four hundred 
 killed and wounded. Amongft the former, were two captains 
 and two lieutenants j and, amongft the latter, Colonel Burton, 
 fix captains, and twenty-two fubalterns. The two trani'ports 
 that had been run afliore, were ordered to be burnt, to pre- 
 vent their becoming a prize to the enemy. The advantages 
 which induced the General to make his attack at this place 
 rather than any other, were, that here artillery could be 
 brought into ufe ; the greateft part, or even tlae whole of tlic 
 troops, might acT: at once ; and the retreat, in cafe of a rc- 
 pulfe, was Iccurc, at lead till a certain time of the tide: ad- 
 vantages which could not be found any where elfe. But, to 
 balance them, the beach upon which the troops were drawn 
 up, was covered witii a deep mud, full of holes, and inter- 
 lecHied with many gullies; the hill to be afcendcd was llccp, 
 and not every where pradicable ; the enemy numerous in 
 their intrcnchmcnts, from whence they kept up a iicavy lire. 
 The lofs, the 'cfore, even hud liie attack fuccccdcil, muii: 
 
 have 
 
 
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 248 
 
 ■7S9- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 have been very great ; and, from the flicker which the neigh- 
 bouring woods would have allorded the enemy, theirs would 
 have been very inconfiderable. Befules, the river of St. 
 Charles was yet to pafs, before the town could be invciled. 
 
 Soldiers, in general, have the honour of their regiment, or 
 the corps in which they ferve, greatly at heart. The cenfure 
 or prail'c bellowed on ir, has therefore a particular efled on 
 their imaginations ; although every individual may not per- 
 liaps feci the (ling of reproach, yet, as a body, they fcldoni 
 betray a want of fcnlibility. This no one was better ac- 
 quainted with than (General Wolfe. He, therefore, the next 
 da\-, illucd the following order : " The check which the gre- 
 nadiers mot with yeilcrday, will, it is hoped, be a Icflbn to 
 them for the time to come. Such impetuous, irregular, and 
 iinfoldicr-like proceedings, dcftroy all order, and put it out of 
 the CkMieral's power to execute his plan. The grenadiers 
 could not fuppofe, that they alone could beat the French armyj 
 therefore it v/as necefTary the corps under Brigadiers Town- 
 flicnd and Monckton fliould have time to join them, that the 
 attack might be general. The very firft fire of the enemy 
 was fiillicicnt to have repulfed men who had loll all fenfe of 
 order and military difcipline. AmherlVs and the Highland 
 regiment alone, by the foldier-like and cool manner in which 
 they formed, would undoiditedly have beaten back the whole 
 Canadian army, if ihey had ventured to attack them. Tiie 
 lofs, however, ii very inconfiderable, and may be eafily r - 
 paired, when a favourable opportunit}- oilers, if the men will 
 ihew a jiropcr atccaiion to their oilicers." 
 
 Inimcdiatcly after this check, twelve hundred men, under 
 the command of lirigadier Murray, were detached above the 
 to-n, to attempt, in conjunc^tion with Admiral Holmes, to de- 
 
 flroy 
 
 k (' 
 
 5r-»,. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 (Iroy the French fliips, if they could be got at, in order to 
 open a communication with General Amherft. Brigadier 
 Murray was ordered, at the fame time, to feck every favour- 
 able opportunity of engaging fome of the enemy's detach- 
 ments on tolerable terms ; and even ufe all the means in his 
 power to provoke them to attack him. The Brigadier, after 
 making two difl'erent attempts to land on the north fhore, 
 without fucccfs, made a third attempt, unerpe(5tedly, at de 
 Chambaud, where he burnt fome fpare clothing belonging to 
 the French troops. 
 
 The enemy's fliips being fecured in fuch a manner as not to 
 be approached, and no other obje<n: prefenting itfelf to induce 
 Brigadier Murray's longer llay, he returned to the camp with 
 fome prifoners, who were the firft to inform the EngliOi of the 
 furrender of Niagara. It was likewife difcovered, by inter- 
 cepted letters, that the enemy had abandoned Ticonderoga and 
 Crown-Point, and retired to the Ifle-Aux-Noix j and that Gene- 
 ral Amherft was making preparations to pafs the Lake-Cham- 
 plain to fall on M. Bourlemaque's corps, which coniifted of 
 three battalions, and as many Canadians as made the whole 
 amount to near three thoufand men. 
 
 In the mean time, the General exerted his endeavours to re- 
 trieve the lofs he had fuftained at Montmorenci, but the bodily 
 fatigues he had endured, increafed a diforder with which he 
 had been afilidlcd even from his firft leaving England, and 
 this bringing on a fever, he was thereby totally difabled. He 
 therefore wrote the following letter to the brigadiers : 
 
 Major-General Wdft's Letter to the Brigadiers. 
 *• That the public fervice may not fufller by the General's 
 indifpofition, he begs the Brigadiers will meet and confult to- 
 gether for the public utility and advantage, and confider of 
 the beft method to attack the enemy. 
 « K k " If 
 
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 ^j^^UHU^- f fci.Bt»'-'*''>..wii..:.*.-y**iiJgit &*.. Jt ? 
 

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 1750. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 « If the Ircnch army be attacked and defeated, the General 
 concludes, that the town would immediately furrcnder; be- 
 caiifc he docs not find they have any provifion in the place. 
 
 " The General is of opinion, that the army fliould be at- 
 tacked in preference to the place, becaufc of the difRcuhies of 
 penetrating from the lower to the upper town ; in which at- 
 tempt, neither the guns of the fliipping, nor of our own bat- 
 teries, could be of much ufe. 
 
 " There appears to be three methods of attacking the army: 
 
 ♦' riiji, In dry weather, a large detachment may march in 
 a day and a night, fo as to arrive at Beauport (fording the 
 Montmorenci ciglit or nine miles up) before day in the morn- 
 ing. It is likely they would be difcovered upon this march on 
 
 both fides of the river. If fuch a detachment penetrates to 
 
 the entrenchments, and the reft of the troops are ready, the 
 confequence is plain. 
 
 *♦ Second, If the troops encamped here pafs the ford with the 
 falling water, and in the night march on diredlly towards the 
 point of Beauport, the light infiintry have a good chance to get 
 up the Woody-hill ; trying different places, and moving quick 
 to the right, would foon difcovcr a proper place for the reft. 
 The upper redoubt muft be attack(id, and kept by a company 
 of grenadiers. Brigadier Monckton muft be ready, off the 
 point of Beauport, to land where our people get up the hill j 
 for which fignala may be appointed. 
 
 " Third, All the chofen troops of the army may attack at 
 Beauport nt low water. A diverfion muft be made acrofs the 
 ford an hour before the fccond attack. '• 
 
 " AT, B. For the firft attack, it is fuff:cient if the water begins 
 to fall a little before day-liglit, or about it. For the other r.wo, 
 it will be bcft to have it low water half aa hour before day. 
 
 . . " The 
 
 > / i 
 
 «,^,«>./m-4. ~-rS* "— ' 
 
I 'I 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 " The General thinks the country fliould be ruined and dc- 
 ftroyed as much as can be done confident with a more capital 
 operation. There are guides in the. army for the detachment 
 inqueflion." .., 
 
 .f 
 
 11 
 
 •<■ S\Us' 
 
 The Brigadiers immediately aflcmbled in confoqucncc of this 
 letter ; and having deliberated on it, returned the following 
 anfvver: 
 
 '- J ,, •' ••,'. Point-Levi, Auguft 29, 1759. 
 
 « Having met this day, in confequence, of General Wolfe's 
 defire, to confult together for the public utility and advantage, 
 and to confider of the beft method of attacking the enemy, 
 and having read his Majefty's private inftrudions which the 
 General was pleafed to cc imunicate to us, and having confi- 
 dered fome propoHcions oi lis with refpedl to our future opera- 
 tions, we think it our duty to offer our opinion as follows : 
 
 " The natural ftrength of the enemy's fituation between 
 the rivers St. Charles and Montmorenci, now improved by all 
 the art of their engineers, makes the defeat of their army, 
 if attacked there, very doubtful. The advantage which their 
 eafy communication along the fhore, gi\es over our attack 
 from boats, and by the ford of the river Montmorenci, is evi- 
 dent from late experience ; and it appears to us that that part 
 of the army which is propofcd to march through the woods, 
 nine miles up the Montmorenci, to furprifc their camp, is ex- 
 pofed to certain difcovery, and confcquently to the difadvan- 
 tage of a conftant wood fight ; but allowing that we could gee 
 footing on the Beauport fide, the Marquis de Montcalm will 
 {lill have it in his power to difpute the paiTage of the river St. 
 Charles, till the place is fupplied with provilions from the fhips 
 and magazines above, from which it appears they draw their 
 fubfiftcnce. ... '•-•" " • .- j; :. . 
 
 251 
 
 I.T 
 
 ) 
 
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 ip 
 
 Kk 2 
 
 We 
 
I'm " 
 
 ■s \. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 " We therefore are of opinion, that the moft probable method 
 of ftriking an effeftual blow, is to bring the troops to the fouth 
 fliore, and to carry the operations above the town. 
 
 " If we can eftablifh ourfclvcs on the north fliore, the Mar- 
 quis de Montcalm mull fight us on our own terms ; wc arc 
 between him and his provifion, and between him and the army 
 oppofmg General Amherft. 
 
 " If he gives us battle and wc defeat him, Qucb-'c, and pro- 
 bably all Canada, will be our own, which is beyonil aay ad- 
 vantage we can expecT: by the Beauport fide ; and Ihould the 
 enemy pafs over the river St. Charles with force fufficient to 
 oppofe this operation, we may ftill, with more eafe and proba- 
 bility of fuccefs, execute the General's third propofition, (which 
 is in our opinion the moft eligible) or undertake any thing 
 elfe on the Beauport fliore, necefTarily weakened by the dc 
 tachments made to oppofe us above the town. 
 
 (Signed) ' f Monckton. 
 
 Brigadiers .) To w N s H E N D, 
 (Murray." 
 
 This plan of operations being approved of by the General, 
 preparations were immediately begun to carry it into execution. 
 
 • The Admiral and the General had already reconnoitred the 
 town with a view to a general afTault ; but, after con fu hi ng 
 with the chief Engineer, who was well accjuainted with its 
 interior part, it appeared, that, though the batteries of the 
 lower town might be eafily filcnccd by the men of war, tlie 
 bufincfs of an alFault could be but little forwarded by fuch fuc- 
 cefs ; fince the few paflTuges that lead from the lower to the 
 upper town were carefully intrenched, and that the ftiips muft 
 be content to receive great damage from the fliot and bombs 
 of the upper batteries, without making the leaft impreflion on 
 them. 1 he enemy befides, to the uncommon ftrength of the 
 9 country, 
 
 ^i'f n 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA; 
 
 country, had added, for the defence of the river, a great num- 
 ber of floating baueries and boats j and as to any thoughts of 
 furprifing them, their vigilance, together with the alertnefs of 
 the Indians, wi.'^ !:cpt continually hovering round the Englifh 
 army, rendered it impoffible. Seldom a day paflcd, that thefe 
 fiivagcs did not fcirmifh with the Englifli ; and though they 
 were always beaten, yet it was often at a confiderable expence. 
 Such an uncommon combination of circumftances, which left 
 nothing but a choice of difficulties, was fufficient to perplex 
 and diftrcfs the moft able commander. 
 
 In confcqucnce of the refolution taken to quit the camp at 
 Montmorenci, the troops and artillery there were reimbarked 
 and landed at Point-Levi ; and it being likewife determined to 
 carry on the operations above the town, the General, after fe- 
 curing the pod there, and at the ifle of Orleans, marched with 
 the remainder of the forces from Point-Levi the 5th and 6th of 
 September, and embarked them in tranfports which had paflTed 
 the town for that purpofe. On the 7th, 8th, and 9th, Admiral 
 Holmes with the fhips failed up the river, in order to amufe 
 the enemy now ported along the north fliore. But the tranfports 
 being extremely crowded, and the weather very bad, the Ge- 
 neral thought proper to cantoon half his troops on the fouth 
 fliore, in order to rcfrcfli them: in the mean time he was. 
 wholly employed in reconnoitring: at length he difcovered a 
 fmall path leading from the river fide up a ftecp precipice, at 
 the fummit of which it appeared that the enemy had a port, 
 but by their number of tents, which did not exceed a dozen, it 
 was judged the ftrength of it could not be more than one hun- 
 dred men; the General therefore determined, if pofTible, to* 
 land on this fpot : preparations were accordingly made for thi* 
 purpofe the day and niglit preceding the attack, and the Ad- 
 miral, to engage the attention of the enemy, caufed many- 
 buoys to be laid, and employed a number of boats in found- 
 ing 
 
 1 r '. 
 
 ( .: 
 
 If 
 
 H : 
 
 r/ 
 
m 
 
 V If- 
 
 I 
 
 «54r 
 
 j;59' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE - r 
 
 ing tlie Bcauport coaft, to create a fufpicion that it was intended 
 to land on that (horc. i • . <! '; • 
 
 On the nth, at one in the morning, the light infantry com- 
 manded by Colonel Howe, the regiments of Bragg, Kennedy, 
 Lalcellcs, and Anilruthcr, with a detachment of Highlanders 
 and American grenadiers, the whole under the command of 
 Brigadier Monckton, were put into the flat-bottomed boats, 
 about three leagues above the intended landing-place; and, 
 after fomc feints made by the fliips, under the immediate di- 
 rection of Admiral Holmes, to draw off the attention of the 
 enemy above, the boats fell down with the tide : the fliips fol- 
 lowed them about three quai'ters of an hour afterwards, and 
 got to the landing-place juft at the time that had been concerted 
 to cover the landing. The troops landed on the north ftiore, 
 within a league of Cape-Diamond, an hour before day-break. 
 The rapidity of the tide of ebb having carried them a little 
 below the intended place of attack, the light infantry were 
 obliged to fcramblc up a woody precipice in order to fecure the 
 landing of ilic reft of the troops, by diflodging the men at the 
 before mentioned poll:, which defended the fmall intrenched 
 path they were to afcend. After a little firing, the light 
 infantry gained the top of the precipice, and difperfed the 
 guard ; by which means the reft of the troops got up, and 
 were formed with very little lofs from the oppolition of a few 
 Canadians and Indians in the wood. The boats, as faft as they 
 were emptied, were fent back for the fecond embarkation, 
 v^hich was immediately made by Brigadier Townfhend. Bri- 
 gadier Murray, who h *d been detached, with Anftruthcr's 
 battalion, to attack a four-gun battery on the left, was recalled 
 by the General, who now faw the French army crofting the 
 river St. Charles, and thereupon began to form his line, having 
 his right covered by the Louifbourg grenadiers ; on the right 
 of thefc again he afterwards brought Otway's ; to the left, 
 X were 
 
 r l'*^K±ii&>-l^i^^'. 1 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 were Bragg's, Kennedy's, Lafcelles', the Highlanders, and 
 Anftruther's. The right of this body was commanded by Bri- 
 gadier Monckton, and the left by Brigadier Murray. His rear 
 and his left were protetfled by Colonel Howe's light-infantry ; 
 the Colonel being returned from the four-gun battery before- 
 mentioned, which had been taken poflcflion of by part of 
 'Anftruther's. M. de Montcalm having, as he advanced, dif- 
 covered an intention to flank the left of the Englifli, Brigadier 
 Townfliend was immediately ordered there with General 
 Amherft's battalion, which he formed en potencc. His numbers 
 were foon after increafed by the arrival of the two battalions 
 of Royal Americans. Webb's was drawn up by the General 
 as a referve, in eight fubdivifions, with large intervals, 
 The French lined the buflies in their front with fifteen hun- 
 dred Indians and Canadians, and amongft them mod of their 
 beft markfmen, and by means of them kept up a very gall- 
 ing, though irregular fire, on the whole line, who bore it 
 with the greateft patience and good order ; referving theirs 
 for the main body now advancing. This fire was, howcvor, 
 checked by the front polls of the Englifh, which protctflcd the 
 forming of their line. The right of the enemy was conipofcd of 
 the troops of the colony, the battalions of la Saare, Langucdoc, 
 and the remainder of their Canadians and Indians. Their cen- 
 ter moved on in a line; but as it advanced, accidentally gained 
 the appearance of a column. It confided of ihe battalions of 
 Bearne and Guiennc. Their left was formed of the remaining 
 troops of the colony, and the battalion of Royal Roufillon. 
 They brought up two pieces of fmall artillery. The Englifli 
 had been able to bring up but one gun. But as it was ad- 
 mirably well fcrved, it galled the French troops exceedingly. 
 The attack of the French was very fmart and brifk to the right. 
 The Englifh troops rcfcrved their fire till the French came with- 
 in forty yards of thcmj and then gave it fo heavily, and con- 
 { 1. // tinucd 
 
 it 
 
 ! 
 
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J^'I'll. 
 
 ^y 
 
 if': I i'l 
 
 lib /lli 
 
 aj6 
 
 »759. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tinued it fo fmartly, that the French every where gave way. It 
 was now that the General fell, at the head of Bragg's, and Co- 
 lonel Carleton received a defperatc wound on his head ; fome 
 time after, whilfl the Louilbourg grenadiers were advancing 
 with their bayonets fixed, Brigadier Monckton was fhot through 
 the body at the head of Lafcelles*. In the front of the oppofite 
 battalions fell alfo M. dc Montcalm; his fecond in command 
 was likewife wounded, and afterwards died on board an Eng- 
 lifli fhip. Part of the French made a fecond, but faint, attack. 
 Part took to fome thick copfe-wood, and made fuch anclTccftual 
 Hand, as covered the retreat of the reft of the Frencli arm}-. At 
 this moment, each particular corps of the Englifli fccmed in a 
 manner to rival each other, with a view to its own peculiar cha- 
 radter. The grenadiers, Bragg's and Lafcelles', prciTcd on with 
 their bayonets. Brigadier Murray, advancing brilkly witli the 
 troops under his command, completed the rout on this fulc. 
 The Highlanders, then, fupportcd by Anilruther's, took to their 
 broad fwords, and drove part of the Frcncii into the town, and 
 part to the works at their bridge on the river St. Charles. 
 
 The a<5lion on the left and in the center of the Englilh was 
 not fo fevere. The houfes into which their light-infantry 
 were thrown, were well defended by them, as they were fup- 
 portcd by Colonel Howe, who, taking port with two companies 
 behind a fmall copfc, and frequently fallying upon the flanks 
 of the enemy during their attack, drove them often into 
 heaps, and Brigadier Townfliend, by advancing platoons of 
 Amherft's regiment againft the front of this body, totally pre- 
 vented the right wing from executing their firll intention. Be- 
 fore this, one of the Royal American battalions had been de- 
 tached to preferve the communication with the boats, and 
 the other, to occupy the giound which Brigadier Murray's 
 movement had left open. Brigadier Townflxend remained 
 
 with 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 -wiih Amhcrft's to maintain this difpofition, and keep in 
 awe the right of the French, and a body of tlieir fuvagcs, 
 who waited flill more towards the rear of the Knglifli, op- 
 pofite the pods of their light infantry, for an opportunity to fall 
 upon it. Things were in this fituntion, when the command in 
 clnef devolved on Brigndicr Townflicnd, who thereupon im- 
 mediately repaired to the center; and, finding that fome of 
 the troops were in diforder, occafioned by their purfuit of the 
 enemy, formed them agr^in as foon as poflihlc. A corps of ca- 
 valry, light infantry, and grenadiers, commanded by M, dc 
 i-ougainvillc, was ftill drawn up in the rear of the Englifli 
 army. This corps confilled of about two thoufand men, and 
 was intended to march along the fhore abreaft with the boats 
 of the Englifli, to prevent their landing if pofllble ; but the 
 current of the river hurried down the boats with fo much ra- 
 pidity, that the troops were difembarked, before the French 
 could arrive. But Brigadier Townfhend did not think it pru- 
 dent to quit his advantageous fituation, and rifk the promifing 
 advantages of the day by fecking a frefli enemy, poited, per- 
 haps, in the very kind of ground he might have wiflicd for, 
 which was woods and fwamps. The lofs of the Englifli in 
 this memorable adion was fifty-fcven killed, and fix hundred 
 and feven wounded. The French had near fifteen hundred, 
 chiefly regulars, killed, wounded, and made prifoners ; among 
 the prifoners were fome ofl^^icers, taken on the field of battle. 
 M. de Montcalm died of his wounds ; and the Brigadiers dc 
 Scnefergue and de Saint Ours were killed. The French, be- 
 fidcs, loft one piece of cannon. 
 
 M 
 
 As foon as the adlion was over, Brigadier Townfiiend re- 
 doubted his camp beyond infult ; made a road up the pre- 
 cipice for the cannon and artillery ; conftruded batteries 
 
 LI againft 
 
 ,;.l 
 
w 
 
 i.O 
 
 »759« 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 againft the town; and cut off its communication with the 
 country. But, on the 17th, at noon, two or three days be- 
 fore any of ihefc batteries could be ready to phy, he re- 
 ceived by a flag of truce propofals of capitulation from tlic 
 Governor, and then fcnt them back again with his anfwer, and 
 a mcfllige, purporting, That unlefs he received a farisfaclory 
 reply in four hours, he fliould liften to no farther treaty. Ad- 
 miral Saunders had, by this time, brought his large fhips to 
 bear on the town, as if lie intended to attack it. This was ano- 
 ther fpur to the French to come to fome fpeedy determination; 
 and on the iSih accordingly, the fame officer who had brought 
 the Governor's propofals, returned at night with his reply; and 
 the next morning, the commanding officers on both fides 
 figncd the following capitulation : 
 
 I 
 
 jlrtlch's of capituhtion required by M- dc Ravif-y, CovwianJcr, for Ins 
 MqJ} Chrijiiiin Mnjefv, in the higher and loivir toivn of ^iel>ec, 
 Knight of the Military Order of St. Lcitit, from his ExcclUncy the 
 General commandini^ his Britannic Majcjlys forces, , 
 
 Article I. M. dc Ramfey requires the honours of war for 
 liis garrifon ; and that it fhall be condu^flcd back to the 
 army in fafcty, by the fliortcfl road, with its arms, bag- 
 gage, fix pieces of braf's cannon, two mortars or luiwit- 
 zcis, and twelve rounds. 
 
 Answer -, the garrifon of the town, compofed of land 
 forces, marines, and failors, fhall march out with their arms 
 and baggage, drums beating, lighted matches, two pieces of 
 cannon, and twelve rounds; and fhall be embarked, as con- 
 veniently as podible, in order to be landed at the firll port in 
 France. -• -' - - . .-- . 
 
 
 ■Mi 
 
 II, That 
 
L A T R WAR IN A M R R I C A. 
 
 II. That the inliabitiints ni:\ll be maintaiacd in the ponTc/TIoii 
 of tlicir houlcs, good], cJlcc^s and privilege;. 
 
 GKANrKn, provided they lay down their arms. 
 
 III. That the faid inliahitants fhall not he tnolclled on account 
 oF their having borne arms for the defence of the town; as 
 they were forceti to it, and as it is cidlomary for the inha- 
 bitants of tlie colonies of both crowns to feivc as militia. 
 
 CIiwvN rr. 1). 
 
 IV. That the efTcifts belonging to the abfent ofliccrs or inha- 
 bitants (hall not be touched. 
 
 GR AN Ihl). 
 
 V. That the faid inhabitants fliall not be removed, nor ob- 
 liged to quit their houfes, until their condition (hall be fet- 
 tled by a detinitivc treaty between their Mod ChrilUan and 
 IJritannic Majellies. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 VI. That the cxcrcife of the Catholic and Roman religion 
 fliall be prcferved j and that liU^c-p;uards fliall be granted 
 to the houfes of the clergy, ard to the monafteries, parti- 
 cularly to the bidiop of C)iicbe : ; who, animated with zeal 
 for religion, and charity for the people of Iiis diccefe, de- 
 files to relidc conftantly in it, to exercifc freely, an<l with 
 that decency which his chara<ft :r and the facred mylleries 
 of the Catholic, Apoftolic, and Roman religion require, 
 his epifcopal authority in the town of Quebec, wherever he 
 fliall think it proper, until the poflcffion of Canada fliall 
 have been decided by a treaty between their Molt Chrillian 
 and Britannic Majeftics. 
 
 LI 2 Granted, 
 
 1. 
 
 h 
 
 ty 
 
 'i 
 
 %j i 
 
 ' '13 
 
 
\.ifK- 
 
 ii.l 
 
 i? , I 
 
 'Pi 
 
 ''I 
 
 260 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 1759. Granted, the free cxcrcife of the Roman religion; and 
 
 fafc-guarils to all religious perfons, as well as to the Bi- 
 fliop, who fliall be at liberty to come and exercifc freely, 
 with decency, the funcT:ions of his office, wherever he 
 fhall think proper, until the pofTcffion of Canada Ihall have 
 been decided between their Britannic and Moll Chriftian 
 Majcfties. 
 
 VII. That the artillery and warlike (lores fliall be delivered up 
 bona fide, and an inventory taken thereof. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 VIII. That the fick, wounded, commiffaries, chaplains, phy- 
 ficians, furgeons, apothecaries, and other perfons employed 
 in the hofpitals, fhall be treated agreeable to the cartel 
 fettled between their Mod Chriilian and Britannic Majeilics 
 on the fixih of February, 1759. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IX. That, before delivering up tlic gate, and the entrance 
 of the town, to the Englilh forces, their General will be 
 pleafcd to fend fome foldiers to be placed as fafe-guards at 
 the churches, convents, and chief habitations. 
 
 Granted, 
 
 X. That the commander of the city of Qiicbec fhall be per- 
 mitted to fend advice to the Manjuis de Vaudreuil, governor- 
 general, of the rcdutflion of the town ; as alfo that this 
 general (hall be allowed to write to the French miniftry, to 
 inform them thereof. ' ' 
 
 Granted. 
 
 Xr. That 
 
 %' 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XI. That the prefcnt capitulation fhall be executed according 
 to its form and tenor, without being liable to non-execution 
 under pretence of rcprifals, or the non execution of any pre- 
 ceding capitulation. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 The prcfent treaty has been made and fettled between us, 
 and duplicates figned at tiic camp before Quebec, the 
 1 8th of September, j y^c^. 
 
 Charles Saunders. 
 George Townshend, 
 De Ramsey. 
 
 261 
 
 
 Agreeable to this capitulation, Lieutenant-Colonel Murray, 
 with three companies of grenadiers, took poireflion of the 
 upper town ; and Captain Palifer, of the navy, with a large 
 body of fcamen, of the lower. 
 
 In the courfe of this campaign, Fortune dillinguiflied herfelf 
 by her ufual caprice. If General Wolfe did not happen to 
 be her favourite at the inftant of the attack in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Montmorenci, flic amply compenfated him when 
 he made good his landing ; and he fo well knew how to im- 
 prove her favours, by means of an able difpofition, as to infure 
 fuccefs : But unhappily, like another Epaminondas, death 
 fnatched him from the arms of vi(5lory. 
 
 A recent event, by the general's manner of communicating 
 it, difTulcd new fpirits amongft his troops. An order ap- 
 peared the day preceding the acflion, informing the army, 
 — " That the enemy's force is no\v divjtjgd, great fcarcity of 
 
 provifions 
 
 P'. i 
 
 ^# I :; 
 
 Vi 
 
 .f 
 
H^ 
 
 8«2 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1759. provifionr, in their camp, and a univciTal difcontcnt amongft tlic 
 Canadians. The fccoiul oniccr in command is gone to Mon- 
 treal or to Saint John's, which gives rcalbn to think that Ge- 
 neral Amheril is advancing into tlic colony. The troops l)elo\7 
 arc in rcadinefs to join lis, aiul the army will lanj where the 
 Trench icem kail to think, of it. Tlie oflicers and men will 10. 
 mcmi)(?r what their country expcds from them, and wh it .1 
 determined hody of I'oldiers, iiun-ed t(^ war, are capable of doing 
 againll live weak Irench battalions, mingled with a dilbrderly 
 peafantry." 
 
 hi war the mod tiifling accident may fomctimcs deflrov 
 the bed imagined plan. The following circiimliancc had 
 neai'ly proved fatal to the General's Ichcme of landing where 
 he did. hi the twilight of the evening preceding the battle, 
 two French dcferters, from the regiment of la Sarre, came in ; 
 and, being carried on board a lliip of war commanded by Cap- 
 tain Smith, then lying near the north (horc, gave information, 
 that, that very night, the garrifon of Quebec expected a con- 
 voy of provifions from M.dc Bougainville's detachment, which 
 was higher up the river. Tlicfe dcferters, fome time after, 
 perceiving the Englilh boats gliding down the river in tlic dark, 
 iuppofed thcni to be the expc>5led convoy ; and on this a noife 
 enfued, which CJcnerai Wolfe fortunately heard time enough 
 to prevent the refoluiion which occafioned it ; For Captain 
 Smith, not having been informed of the General's intentions, 
 was making preparations to fire into the boats, believing they 
 were the convoy the dcferters had been fpcaking of; and had 
 he done fo, would have not only confiderably hurt his friends, 
 but fufFiciently alarmed the French to frullratc the attempt. 
 Again, the French fentries, polled along the lliore, were in 
 
 ex pe (flat ion 
 
 ' r ■' 
 
 " '?' II 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 cxpe^flatioii of the convoy ; and therefore, when the Englifli 
 boats came near their pods, and properly anfwered their 
 ufual challenge, they fuflercd them to pafs without the leafl; 
 I'ufpicion. ' • . . ,, , .. 
 
 Thus the great abilities of the Englifli ofTicers, exa(!l dif- 
 cipline of the troops, and courage of both, gave them pofTef- 
 lion of Quebec. .:..', ■ ■ • . \ 
 
 Though the conquefl of Quebec was of the utmoft importance 
 to the EnglKh, yet the heavy lofs they fuftained in the death of 
 then" commander, greatly abated its value. They loft a general 
 who merits every encomium that is due to quick conception, to 
 Heady courage, to unwearied perfeverance, to a noblenefs of 
 fcntimenr, and fuperior abilities. General Wolfe early habitu- 
 ated liimfelf to ftudy, and being pcrfecftly acquainted with the 
 theory of his profeilion, the practice of it was familiar to him: 
 His genius was of that aftive kind, that no impediment could 
 prevent the execution of any plan he once had formed: His 
 judgment w"" r'~>nfplcuous on every occafion ; this begot an 
 implicit con. - e in all under his command, but more parti- 
 cularly thofe who ,\rere inuucdiatcly to execute his orders j 
 hence ihe alertnefsof the Brigadiers: And if they v/erc 
 aflUred iliat no ill-formed plan would fall to their lot to 
 execute, on the other hand the General was certain of thei;- 
 full exertion of every endeavour to accomplifli his orders. 
 The Houle of Commons therefore voted them their thanks, 
 but addrcllcd his Majefly that he would be pleafed to order 
 a monument to be creeled in Wedminller Abbey to the me- 
 mory of General Wolfe : And it will not be improper here 
 to obfervc, that the French army petitioned Mr. Pitt for 
 
 leave 
 
 2G3 
 
 '759- 
 
 i || 
 
 .-; i ; 
 
 f'I'i 
 
 :«|1.: 
 
 Ff iff 
 
2f'4 
 
 I H 
 
 m 
 
 ^•r . 
 
 % Hi Hf 
 
 « , > 
 
 HISTORV 1' THE 
 
 leave to crcJl a monument, in the principal cluirch at Que- 
 bec, to the memory of their Inte General, M. dc Montcalm ; 
 to which Mr. Pitt gave his immediate confcnt, and fcnt pro- 
 per inilrudions to the Governor for that purpofc. 
 
 In combined expeditions, tl^.e capital parts of acflion muft, 
 in general, fall to the (hare of the land forces ; yet, as in 
 this cafe, it would, without a powerful fleet, have been im- 
 pofTible to fuccccci, the Englilh admiral and l)is feamen 
 have an equal claini to praife with the Englifli generals and 
 their troops. The failors executed their part of the fervice 
 ■with an alacrity and refolution peculiar to a body who are by 
 nature the prore(5lors and guardians of their country ; and who 
 have enriched it with trophies brought from every quarter of 
 the world. The admirals therefore on this expedition, like- 
 wife received the thanks of the Houfe of Commons. 
 
 Quebec being garrifoned with feven thoufand men, and 
 well victualled, the government of it was cnnuiled to Briga- 
 dier General Murray ; and Colonel Burton was appointed 
 Lieutenant Governor. Brigadier Monckton returned u) New- 
 York, where he foon recovered of his wound ; and Brigadic* 
 Townfhend embarked, with Admiral Saunders, for Eng- 
 land where they both arrived about the beginning of the 
 winter. 
 
 The Cherokees, all this while, were continuing to dellroy 
 the fcttlements on the frontiers of South Carolina, not witli- 
 out exercifing the moll fliocking cruelties on the fettlers thcm- 
 felves. Governor Lyttleton, therefore, convinced that it was 
 only by an early and vigorous exertion of the force of the pro- 
 • 9 vince, 
 
 rC 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 vincc, that the Indians, committing thcfc ravages, could be 
 brought to reafon, determined to march againft them as foou 
 as poinblc. With this view, he applied to the Icgidature of 
 his province, for the neccllary authority and powers to rail'e 
 and maintain a body of men ; and when he had raifed them, 
 marched at the head of eight hundred provincials and three 
 lumdred regular troops into their country. This quick and 
 fpinted proceeding fo intimidated the barbarians, that they 
 immediately fent a deputation of their chiefs and head war- 
 riors to beg a peace, which the Governor thought proper to 
 grant them by the following treaty. 
 
 Treaty of Peace and Fnaulfljip^ concluded by his Excellency IVi/liu/u 
 Henry Lytf^ltoUf Kfq; Captain-General and Governor in chief of his 
 Majejlys Province of South Carolina^ 'with Attakulla-kulla^ or the 
 Little Carpenter, Deputy of the luhok Cherokee nation^ and other 
 Headmen and IVarriors thereof, at Fort Prince George ; December 
 
 ZCth; 1759. 
 
 Article I. There fliall be a firm peace and fricndQiip between 
 all his Majefty's fubjedls of this province and the nation of 
 Indians called the Cherokees, and the faid Cherokees lliall prc- 
 fervc peace with all his Majefty's fubjcds whatever. 
 
 II. The articles of friendfhip and commerce, concluded by the 
 lords commiflioncrs for Trade and Plantations with the de- 
 puties of the Cherokees, by his Majefty's command, at 
 Whitehall the 7th of September 1730, fliall be ftridly ob- 
 ferved for the time to come. 
 
 III. Whereas the Cherokee Indians have, at Amdry times and 
 places, ftnce the lyth of November 175B, llain divers of his 
 
 M m Majefty's 
 
 25j 
 
 '739- 
 
 J 
 
^:> ' ft 
 
 '■M 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Majefly's good fubjctTis of this province, and his Excellency 
 the Governor having demanded that lUtist'adion fliould be 
 given for the fame, according to the tenor of tlic faid ar- 
 ticles of friendfliip and commerce aforementioned, in con- 
 fequence -whereof two Cherokee Indians, of the number of 
 thofc who have been guilty of perpetrating the (iiid mur- 
 ders, have already been delivered up to be put to death, or 
 oihcrwife difpofod ot' as his Excellency the Governor fliali 
 direct ; it is hereby iliinilatcd and agreed, that twenty other 
 Clicrokee Indians, guilty of the faid murders, Ihall, as foon 
 as poflible after the coaclufion of this prefent treaty, iu 
 like manner be delivered up to fuch pcrfons as his Excel- 
 lency the Governor, or the Commander in Chief of this pro- 
 vince for the time being, Ihall appoint to receive them, to 
 be put to death or otherwife difpofed of, as the faid Gover- 
 nor and Commander in Chief ihall direct. 
 
 IV. The Cherokee Indians, whofc names are herein after men- 
 tioned, viz. Chenohf, Oufanatah, Tallichama, Quarrafatahe 
 Conadiratah, Kataetoi Otaflate of Watago, Oufanoletah of 
 Jore, Kataeleta of Cowetche, Chifquatulone, Skiagufta of 
 Sticoc,Tanae!le,\Vohatchc,\Vyeyah,Buccah,Chiftanat,Nicho- 
 lehc, Tony,T()taiah-hoi, Shallilolki, and Chiftie, fliall remain 
 ashoftages for the due performance of the foregoing articles, 
 in the cuAody of fuch pcrfons as hi? Excellency the Go- 
 vernor fhall pleafe to nominate for that purpofe ; and when 
 any of the Cherokee Indians, guilty of the faid niiu-ders, 
 fliall have been delivered up, as is exprclled in the faid ar- 
 ticles, an equal nundicr of faid hoftagcs fliall forthwith 
 be fet at liberty. 
 
 V. Immediately after t\\c conclufion of the prefent treaty, the 
 
 licenfed traders from this government, and all pcrfons em- 
 
 3 ployed 
 
 '^1 'l 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ployed by them, fliall have leave from his Excellency the 
 Governor to return to their refpeiStivc places of abode in the 
 Cherokee country, and to carry on their trade with the Che- 
 rokee Indians in the ufual manner, according to law. 
 
 VI. During the continuance of the prefent war between his 
 Moft Sacred Majelly and the French King, if any French- 
 man fliall prefume to come into the Cherokee nation, the 
 Chcrokees fhall ufe their utmoft endeavours to put him to 
 death, as one of his Majefty's enemies ; or, if taken alive, 
 they (liall deliver him up to his Excellency the Governor, 
 or the Commander in Chief of this province for the time 
 being, to be difpofed of as he fhall direct ; and, if any pcr- 
 fon whatfocvcr, cither white man or Indian, fliall at anv 
 time bring any mcnages from the French into the Cherokee 
 country, or hold any difcourfcs there in favour of the 
 French, or tending to fet the Englifli and Chcrokees at va- 
 riance, and interrupt the peace and fricndlhipeftabliflicdbv 
 this prefctu treaty, the Chcrokees fliall ufe their utmoft en- 
 deavours to apprehend fuch pcrfon or pcrfons, and detain 
 him or them until they fliall have given notice tliercof to 
 his lixcellenty the Governor, or to the Commander in Chief 
 for the time being, and have received his direclions therein. 
 
 Given under my hand and feal at Forc-Princc-Georgc, in 
 the province of South Carolina, this 26th of Decem- 
 ber, 1759, in the thirty-third year of his M aj c 11 y's reign. 
 
 Willi AM Henry Lyttkl ton*. 
 
 By his Excellency's command, 
 
 William Drayton, Sicn; 
 
 M m z Wc, 
 
 .1 
 
r- ! 
 
 268 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 1759- We, whofc names arc here under-written, do agree to all and 
 
 ' ' every thcl'e articles ; and do engage, for ourfclvcs and our na- 
 tion, that the fame (hall be well and faithfully performed. 
 In tcftiraony whereof, we have hereunto fet our hands and 
 fcals, the day and year above-mentioned. 
 
 Attakulla-kulla. 
 
 ouconnostota. 
 
 Otassite. 
 
 KiTAGUSTA. 
 
 OCONOCCA. 
 
 KiLLCANNOHCA, 
 
 TosErH AXSON, 1 „ _ 
 
 •' J Sworn Interpreters. 
 
 William Forster,) 
 
 Witnefs Henry Hyrne, Adjutant General. 
 
 The alacrity of the troops during this march, and the fafety 
 with which it was condudtcd, deferve the higheft applaufe. 
 But what docs mofl honour to the Governor, is the almoft in- 
 credible fliortncf's of the time in which, withal, it was per- 
 formed. It was the beginning of Oiftober before he could fet 
 out for Congrccs, about one hundred miles off, to collecl the 
 militia; and from thence he had an uninhabited track to 
 march them through, to Kcowee, a place in the Cherokee 
 country three hundred miles from Charles-Town, wliere he 
 oblij^cd the Indians to fuc for peace. Yet tliis truce was to 
 all human appearance happily concluded on the 26th day of 
 the following December. 
 
 THE 
 
 -f>— - 
 
 ...*•« 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 Strength of the French and Engli/Jj in Canada after the reduSIion of 
 
 ^lebec. Farther operations of the Engli/Jj. French vejfels 
 
 pafs ^tebec. Preparations of the French to attack ^lebec in the 
 
 ivinter. Their frjl defign frujlrated Their preparations to be- 
 
 fiege ^lebec and thofe of the Englifli to defend it. Farther at- 
 tempts of the French mifcarry. Governor Murray marches out of 
 
 ^lebec. Battle of Sillery. French invejl ^lebec-^—ivho 
 
 retire on the firfl appearance of Fnglifh fhips. Governor Murray 
 
 prepares to join General Amherjl before Montreal.— -"Cherokees guilty 
 of neiv ravages.'— —Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Montgomery 
 
 marches againjl them kills a great number, and burns Eftatoe — - 
 
 offers them peace, which they rcfufe. He returns to Charles-Toivn. 
 
 Cherokces blockade FQrt-Loudon.——The garrifon capitulates. 
 
 THE fcafon being no longer favourable to military opera- 
 tions, the Englifli troops, as \vc have fcen, were ordered 
 into winter- cjuartcrs ; but General Amhcrft, in the mean time, 
 formed his plan for the total reduiflion of Canada, the next 
 campaign. Montreal was now the only place of confccjuencc 
 remaining to the French in that colony; but here they had 
 
 collcdcd 
 
 '759- 
 
 "». i\ 
 
 : I .; 
 
 »">J|pv**»-**— ■* 
 
■,!• 
 
 270 
 
 17-9- 
 
 H IS It) 11 Y OF Til E 
 
 collected tlieir whole (Ircngtli, and here they intended mak- 
 ing; their hill cHbrti; : however, it was only to complete that 
 (hl^race, whieli theh too ambitious views defervcd. Againil 
 this place, therefore, to do the bulinefs at one ftroke, it' poC- 
 liblc, the (leneral refolvcd to direct all his Itrcngth, as loon 
 as the lealbn would permit, by lending an army againil 
 it by the Lalce-Chaniplain ; conducting another, himfelf, by 
 Olwego, over the Lake-Ontario, and down the river St. Law- 
 rence ; whilll CJencral Murray led a third, up the fame river, 
 from (hicbec ; tlie three to rendezvous before Montreal, and, 
 jointly, form the attack of that place, or whatever troops might 
 be allemblcd tiiere for its defence. 
 
 I?.'*. 
 
 yMthough the winter afTordcd cafe and repofe to the gene- 
 rality of the Brl'.illi forces employed in Norc'a America, the 
 garrilbn of Quebec had too troublcfomc neighboiu's to enjoy 
 any long cellation from labour. Tlic reduction of tlic city 
 proved to them the commcnccmeni. of a campaign as fevere 
 and as extraordinary as any they had yet fcrved. Thougli the 
 garrifon confided of the 15th, 28th, 35th, 43d, 47tli, 4{!tli, 5<kli, 
 and 7?th regiments, and the 2d and 3d battalions of the Royal 
 Americans, with a detachment of artillery, amounting in 
 flic wliolc to between fcvcn and eight thou find men, aud 
 tlic Admiral had left the Race liorfc of 20 gims, and ;lie Por- 
 cupine of 10, connnaniled by the Captains Miller and Macart- 
 ney, yer great numbers of the men being entirely tlifablcd 
 by an inveterate fcurvy, the reft were extremely haralTlJ with 
 every kind of duty. 
 
 The (Canadian-; i\.iving rciircd to ilieir habitations, tlv! 
 French army was thereby greatly diminilhcd. Ncverrhclcfs, 
 
 it 
 
LATK WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 it dill continued much fuperior to that of the EngUfli, ami 
 had many other advantages over them. The I'rench had en- 
 dured but httle fatigue compared with what the EngUfh had 
 fullered. They were alfo accuftomed to the cHniatc, and 
 were befides warmly lodged. They had provilions in great 
 ahundante, the country being under their command ; wliilil, 
 from the fingidar fuuatiun of the town, every movement i4 
 the Englilh was open to them. Though the Englifli were in 
 Quebec, they were very far from being well provided witii 
 good, or indeed any quarters at firft ; the fliells and fliot 
 thrown into it during the fiegc having left very few houfes" 
 that could aflbrd them any fhelter. Bcftdes, the whole ilc- 
 fence of the town confuled of fix baftions with their cour- 
 tines, forming a chain from St. Roch to Cape-Diamond ; and 
 even tliefe ballions had neither banquette, nor cmbrafurc, 
 nor covered way, nor any other exterior work ; and the can- 
 non were fo much damaged by time as to be utterly ufe- 
 lefs. 
 
 The French had taken up their winter quarters between [ac- 
 qucs-Quartier and Trois-Rivierres ; their advanced nofls lav 
 at the Point-Aux-Trembles, St. Auguftin, and Calvaire. Tlicir 
 patroles frequently advanced to within mulkct-iiiot of the 
 Englilh cattle guard ; nay feveral detachments of them came 
 up to the very gates of the town, by the afRftance of their pea- 
 fants, and even without the knowledge of their late con- 
 querors. 
 
 The fecurity of the garrifon engaged Governor Murray's 
 Crfl; attention. He ordered eight timber redoubts to be ercft- 
 t d without the works of the town, with ramparts, embrafurcs 
 iind banqiiettes, and feven platforms for cannon ; and the 
 
 road 
 
 ?t 
 
 \ Ni Hi'- 
 
 ?f fp 
 
 \)4 
 
 I ( 
 
 *^J.i 
 

 !,' ? 
 
 fli: 
 
 i ■ f ; 
 
 •7- 
 "7 = 0. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 rond loadin.J? to the town to be broke up. He likcwifo caiifcd 
 eleven months prov' (ion to be brought, by the foUlieis, from 
 the lower to the upper town; and five hundred houlcs to be 
 repiiied for the purpofe of lod^:jin^ the troops coniforiably 
 diuincj the cold fealbn. 
 
 The giirrilon being fo far fecured, the Governor determined 
 to cxtcnil his quarters, and take poll at St. I'oix and Lorctte ; 
 the fad about five, and the otiier nine miles from C^ueboc. 
 Accordingly, about the middle of November, Major Hulfcy 
 took pollellion of thefe polls with a confuierable detachment ; 
 and, as foon as he had cllablillied himfeif, another of fcvcn 
 hundred men v/as ordered on the fame fervice to St. AuguC- 
 tinc, where it carried oil' the advanced guard of the rrcnch, 
 burnt about a dozen houfes beyond it, and obliged the inha- 
 bitants to take the oaths of allegiance to his Britannic Majefly. 
 This blow alarmed the natives ; but they were foon (juieted 
 l>y a piomilc, that the tlamagc fliould be repaid. However, 
 the Governor, at the fame time, publiflicd a manifello exhort- 
 ing all the inhabitants to remain quiet, and (Iri^flly forbiij- 
 ding them, on the fevcrell penalties, to allill the enemy, but 
 giving them, withal, the fullell aluirances of his utmoll pro- 
 tciflion. 
 
 The cflablilhing of pods at St. loix and Lorettc was of tlie 
 utmoll confequcnce, as thereby the motions of the Engli(h 
 were concealcil, and an opportunity fecured of obferving thofc 
 of the rrcnch. The inhabitants of eleven parilhes had now 
 fubmittcd thcmfclves, and taken the oaths of allegiance to his 
 liritannic Majcuy ; and were of great advantage to the army, 
 by fupplying it to the utmoll of tlicir ability witii frefli pro- 
 vifions, during the whole winter. 
 
 I Wood 
 
 i !) 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Wood for firing now became an objecT: of confideration. 
 When the fleet left Quebec, there was fcarce enough remain- 
 ing to fupi^ly the garrifon for twenty clays, and the winter 
 advanced apace. No lefs tlun fixtecn tlioufand cords was nc- 
 cell'ary for the hofpital and the guards in tlieir (juarters. A 
 fmall quantity was cut on tlie ilhind of Orleans -, but the get- 
 ting it to Quebec was attended with great rifk and difliculty, 
 the river being full of floating ice. For this reafon, a few 
 days after the poll of St. Foix had been eftablillied, two hun- 
 dred men were ordered into the woods of that name to make 
 a fufficient numi)er of hand-fledbi for the foldiers to draw their 
 wood upon ; and, about the latter end of November, thefc lleds 
 were diflributed to thofc who were ordered on the wood-cut- 
 ting fervicc. By thefe a magazine was formed for every regi- 
 ment, and then diflributed, in equal proportion, to each com- 
 pany. The fcverity of this duty was alnioll inlupportable, as 
 one fourth of the army was obliged to march ten miles every 
 day while it lafted ; and the froft fo intenl'e the whole time, 
 that, in defpite of every precaution, there fcarccly palled a day 
 that many of the men were not froft-bitten. The feverity of 
 this fervicc, and the fcducing arts of the priefts, caufed a de- 
 fe(5tion in many of the foldiers ; but the making an example 
 of a Frcnchmrn, who had inveigled an Englifli foldier to de- 
 fcrt, and of fomc foldiers, Vvhofe intention of deferting had been 
 difcovered, put a flop to i'o criminal and dangerous a prac- 
 tice. 
 
 273 
 
 } 
 
 f V 
 
 m 
 
 The fcafon was now (o far advanced as to leave the French no 
 room to doubt but that the Englifli fleet had quilted the gulph. 
 They therefore, in the night of the 24th of November, feat 
 
 N n down 
 
V 
 
 Vf. 
 
 274 
 
 :75o- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 down eight or ten vcfTels loaded witli peltry, in order to pafs 
 Oucbec ; and altiiough the Englifli were apprifed of tliis de- 
 fign, and the batteries of the town were prepared to prevent 
 the execution of it, yet they all pafled uninjured by the many 
 lliot and fhclls tliat were difcharged againft them. One, in- 
 deed, by ibnie manoeuvre in her working, ran alliore ; and an 
 unfortunate accident happened, in confequencc of it, to Cap- 
 tain Miller of the Race-horfe, his lieutenant, and a number of 
 his men, who, when the French abandoned their vellc!, went 
 and boarded her ; but before the French quitted their fliip, tliey 
 laid a How match, which communicated with tlie powder ma- 
 gazine ; but this match being diicovered and extinguilhed, 
 uo other danger was apprehended. Captain Miller, therefore, 
 ordered a light to be llruck, to enable them to examine the 
 Ihip ; but fome of the fparks falling on a quantity of loofe 
 powder that had not been obfer'-ed, blew up the vellbl, ami 
 killed moll of the party, wounding others i:i a moll fhucking 
 manner. Captain Miller and his lieutenant died in a daj- or 
 two afterwards. 
 
 I'!? 
 
 The Governor, being afTurcd that many of t!ic mercliaius 
 had gone to Montreal to purchafc peltry ; and that the i'lhcv 
 thcv carried wiih them for tliat purpolc v.as of no fmall be- 
 nefit to the French army, their paper currency being in great 
 dil'credit, and his own military cliell fcarce containing n;o- 
 ncy enough for ilic c::pcnces of the garrifon, he ilRied a ma- 
 nifcdo prohibiting a conimerce that was lb prejudicial to the 
 forvice of the King and his troops; and inviting all true 
 patriots and friends to their country to bring in tlicir calh, 
 and receive notes from himfelf and Colonel lUirton, payable 
 in fix months, widi interell at thj rate of five per cent, hi a 
 
 few 
 
 '♦ ^ 
 
 iV.-' 
 
 ^• Y 
 
) 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 few days after the publication of his manifefto, the military 
 f' ell was incrcafed to eight thoufand pounds fterling. 
 
 We have obfervcd, that the inhabitants of eleven pariflics 
 had taken the oaths of fidelity to his Britannic Majefty. hi order 
 to add to the provifions with which they fupplicd Quebec, the 
 Governor detached a party below the town, in order to give 
 the inhabitants of that diftriil every poilibic encouragement 
 to bring theiro likcwife to market. This mcaf ure was attend- 
 ed with the dcftrcd efTetft ; and the afRiirs of the garrifon 
 might now be faid to be in a good way ; but that the fcurvy, 
 which raged amongft the troops, incrcafed from day to day, 
 and carried off great niuBbcrs. The French were not igno- 
 rant of this circumflancc. They therefore rcfolvcd to attack 
 Quebec in the winter, formed a plan for that puHpofe, and 
 loft no time in making every neceflary preparation to carry it 
 into execution. Snow-iliocs were made, and diftributed to 
 their foldicrs, who were withal exercifcd in mounting of walls 
 with Icaling-ladders. This attack they intended to make in 
 the middle of February; but, notwithllanding all their pre- 
 cautions to conceal their dcfign, by ciuting off all communi- 
 cation with Jaques-Carticr, which had hitherto I)ccn open 
 to the Canadians, the Englifli were appriled (jf their inten- 
 tions. The full Rep cf the Governor, in confcqucnce of tiiis 
 intelligence, was to order fix weeks proviiion to be dillributed 
 to each regiment, as tliere were many Canadians in the town 
 ready to attempt the dcllruclion of the magazines, if an op- 
 portunity Ihould oiler. It was likev/ifc necelTary that Gene- 
 ral Amherll Ihould be made acquainted with the critical fitua- 
 tion of the garrifon. The confideration of the gr^lat fatigue, 
 dangers and diilkuhics with which tlio conveyance of fuch 
 
 N n i AiUeliigencc 
 
 1760. 
 
 (I '' *' 
 
 mn 
 
 m 
 
2y6 
 
 1760. 
 
 ?'! 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 intelligence niuft be attended, prevented the Governor from 
 exerting his authority to force the commiflion on any one. But 
 his wilhcs were no fooner known, than Lieutenant Montrcfor, 
 an engineer, oiFcrcd himfelf for the performance of this nc- 
 ccfliiry duly ; and having received the Governor's difpatchcs the 
 latter end of January, he, in twenty-fix days, delivered them to 
 General Amherll, after enduring in his journey every diih-efs 
 that cold, hunger, and fo long a march could be attended with. 
 
 M, de Levi Rill pcrfiiling in his dcfign to attack the town, 
 M. dc Cadet the commillary colleiTted a quantity of flour and 
 cattle for the fublillencc of the troops to be employed m the 
 cnterprife ; and a detachment was ordered to Point-Lcvi to cover 
 ir. Orders were likcwife given to the inhabitants of the coun- 
 try to join the ahrAc detachmc;nt, and all'emblc for that pur- 
 poi'c at iho poll of Calvairc. The French li.ul been eight days at 
 roint-levi, when, on the i3ih of rebru;iry, Governor Murray 
 ordered his light infantry, with two hundred men, and two 
 pieces of cannon, to dillodgc tliem ; but, at the approach of 
 thefc troops, the I'rcnch retired with the greatelt precipita- 
 tion, leaving the principal \\ut at their j>rovifions behind them. 
 The I'nglidi, notwithilanding, took: one olficer and eleven fol- 
 -licis priii;ners, ;nid then made a lodgment in the chiu\:h 
 of St. Jofcph. All this while the I'rench in Quebec had fuf- 
 fered greatly lor want of proper fubliilencc •, the Governor, 
 therefore, ordered the provilion takcii on this occafion to be 
 fold to them at a moderate price, and fome Hour and cattle to 
 be rcftored to ihol'e to whom it belonged. This a(5t of genc- 
 rofity was foon returned by tlie inhabitants of the adjacent 
 country, bringing into ilie garrifon every kind of frefli pro- 
 vilioii they eoukl pollibly i'pare. 
 
 G On 
 
 \ m 
 
 ^. «i 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 On the 24th of February, the Trench aircmblcd to retake 
 the pod of Point-Levi ; but Governor Murray, being apprifcd 
 of their defign, ordered fome battahons with cannon to crofs 
 the river on the ice, and cut oil' their retreat by the river Etch- 
 niin. The 15th regiment, with fome hght infantry, was to 
 endeavour to get on their flanks, and in their rear. The 
 French, feeing they were on the point of being furroundcd, 
 retired fo precipitately, that, TiotwithRanding all the endea- 
 vours of the Enghlli, tlicy efciped with the lofs of a few of 
 their rear-guard, who were made prifoners. Tlie concjucrors, 
 after this, erected fome redoubts, and felled a number of 
 trees to fecure themfelves from any fuddcn attack. Tlic in- 
 habitants about fix miles from Point-Levi, having, notwith- 
 llanding their oath of fidelity, joined with the Frencli army, 
 the Governor, juftly incen'cd at this unprovoked breach of 
 faith, on the 27th of February ordered a detachment to burn 
 all their houfes ; but not without publifliing a manifetlo to 
 make known his rcafons for having rccourfe to fucli mea- 
 fures. 
 
 
 In confequencc of thefc checks, M. de Levi pollponed any 
 farther attempts on Qj^iebcc till the fpring, when he refolvcd 
 to beliegc that town in form : at lead his preparations fccnicd 
 to denote fuch a refolution. lie collcJled a vail number of 
 vcfTcls nnd boats, cad a great (juantity of bullets and ihcllb, 
 formed a magazine of fafcincs and gabions ; and, in a word, did 
 all that was ncccfTary to carry on a vigorous fiege. Governor 
 Muri'ay was not idle on his part, lie llrengthcned hi; v/orkr,, 
 and prepared for an obflinate defence. Fafcincs and pic(]ucrs 
 he h;ui already caufcd to be made during the winter, that tlicy 
 might be in rcadincfs on any emergency, and be ufed, if not 
 
 otherwilV 
 
 if. 
 
278 
 
 1760. 
 
 II 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 othcnvifc employed, in intrenching the heights of Abraham, 
 as foon as the Icafon would permit. 
 
 Evcrv dav now became more critical than the preceding; 
 there being the grcatcll probability that the French army would 
 come down as foon a? ilie ice Ihould break up. \Vc have already 
 intimated, that Governor Murray intended to intrench on the 
 heights of Abraham ; but it was yet impollible, the earth be- 
 in p- ilill too hard frozen for that purpofe. This circumllancc 
 obliged him to order his light infantry to take port at Cape- 
 Rouge, and there fortify thcmfelves, in order both to prevent 
 the enemy from debarking at that place, and be near enough 
 to them to obferve their motions. Thefe works were fcarcely 
 begun, when the river became navigable. Accordingly, the 
 French vefTels came down, and anchored off St. Augufline, 
 whilll their army proceeded by the rout of Lorctte, to dif- 
 lodge the troops at that port, and cut off thofe of St. Foix and 
 Cape-Rouge. But Major Dalling, who conimandcd the liglu 
 nifantry at Cape-Rouge, having difcovered that their ad- 
 vanced guard was within half a league of his pofl, gave notice 
 of it to the governor; and liis intelligence was confnmed by 
 a fcrjeant belonging to the French artillery, who, being in a 
 boat, was overfetby the violence of the wind, but had Icram- 
 bled upon a cake of floating ice, and had been carried down 
 on it by the tide, below Quebec, where he was taken up by a 
 boat belonging to one of the Englilh frigates. 
 
 The next day, being the 27th of April, the Governor, wu!i 
 part t)f his garrifon, marched out to cover the retreat of ihc 
 troops ported at St. Foix and Cape-Rouge ; and, notwithfland- 
 ing the utmoR efforts of the French to oblliud him, he loll 
 
 bui 
 
LATE WAR IM AMERICA. 
 
 but two men in cfTcding it. The French cantoned thcmfelvcs 
 in and about St. Foix. 
 
 Governor Murray now determined to take die field ; and, if 
 necefTary, to hazard a battle. The French were indeed fuperior 
 to him in numbers ; but his troops had already beaten them ; 
 and he had a fine train of field-artillery, an article with whicli 
 they were wholly unprovided. Had he fliut himfclf up in 
 his walls, he mud have riiked his whole Hake on the finglc 
 chance of defending a wretched fortification. Should the event 
 of a battle prove unfortunate, he could Hill retreat intothetown, 
 hold out to the lafl extremity with the remainder of the garrifon, 
 and perhaps defend the place as long as if he had not given 
 himfclf the chance of an engagement in the open field. Agree- 
 able to this refolution, on the s8th of April, the Governor, with 
 about three thoufand men, and twenty field pieces, marclicd 
 out of the city, taking with them fuch tools as were necefi"ary 
 to intrench on the heights of Abraham. His line was formed 
 into three brigades ; that on the right, confifted of the 15th and 
 .j.8th regiments, and the fccond battalion of Royal Ameri- 
 cans, commanded by Colonel Burton ; and that on the left, 
 of the 28th, 47th, and 7?th, under Colonel Frafer ; the 43d and 
 the 58th compofed the center, headed by Colonel James. The 
 'j^th, and the third battalion of the Royal Americans formed 
 a fccond line. Major Dalling's light infantry covered the riglit 
 flank ; and fome volunteers and the rangers, the left ; the field 
 pieces were ported where mofl ncccfliiry, tmdcr tlie diretflion 
 of Major Godwin ; and Mr. Mackcllcr atrcnded as chief Engi- 
 neer. This little army being thus drawn up on the luights 
 of Abraham, the Governor went to reconnoitre that of the 
 Trench. We have already obR-rvcd, that the Frcncli army lay 
 
 7. in 
 
 \ w 
 
 ^ li^l 
 
 «, I 
 
 I i 
 
irCc. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 in and near St. Foix. The night having been extremely wcr, 
 and tlic grcatcfl part oF the Ibldicrs being uncovered, their 
 arms had received tlie rain. Accordingly, when General Mur- 
 ray got near enough to make his obfervations, he t-"ound them 
 irregularly employed in drawing their \vet cartridges, and 
 clcanfing tlieir firelocks. This confufion aflbrded an advan- 
 ta'^c of \vhich the Governor determined to avail himfelf. He 
 tlicrcforc imi\H^diately returned to his army, gave his orden 
 for bartlc. and dcfccnded tlie heights. 
 
 The French bcluld this movement with furprife, bin a:i 
 a.'tion was fiill the farthed o^" any thing from their ihouglu;. 
 'M. de Levi could not believe the Englifh General would aban- 
 don fiich advantageous ground to give him battle ; but when 
 he l\\\\- the Fnglilli colours Hill advancing, he gave the word 
 " To arms." 'Mie men hurried together •, but, before tliey 
 Lould be formed, two companies of their grenadiers, that had 
 been advanced, by way of a covering party, as far as the 
 entrance of the wood of Sillery, were attacked by the EngliOx 
 liglit troops confining of volunteers and rangers ; and on their 
 retiring, agreeable to their orders, the Englifli, who took 
 their retreat for a flight, brilkly pm-fued them -, but thefe foon 
 received a check by a heavy fire from the French, who had 
 by this lime ac(}uircd fomc form, hi fhort, they were entirely 
 broken, and diiperfcd ihemfclves along the front of the Fng- 
 liih riglit v.ing, by whic'.i means the cannon, that had hi- 
 therto played with luccefo, was now rendered entirely ufelefs. 
 Governor Murray, v\-^)n this, immediately fent them orders to 
 iorm (Ml the right v: the aniiy ; but in attempting it, they 
 fell into fuch confufioa, that t'ncy precipitately retired to the 
 rear, and never again returned to the charge. The righ.t 
 
 flank 
 
 i\ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 flank being now cxpofcd, Major Morris was ordered, with 
 Otway's rcginicnr, to cover it from the attack oF a cohimn 
 of the French troops, that had flipt along the cfcarpenicnt of 
 St. Roche ; and tliis movement of Major Morris had its dcfired 
 eflfecf, and reftorcd order on the right. All this while, the 
 left fuflcred greatly. As to the vohmteers and the rangers, 
 they were, as we have fecn before, entirely defeated. The 
 enemy took advantage of thefe circiimflances, and advanced 
 a column to attack tlie left ; on which Governor Miu-ray or- 
 dered the regiment of Kennedy from the center, and the third 
 battalion of lloyal Americans to fiipport it ; but they arrived 
 too late. The difordcr was now general, and a retreat cnfued. 
 Amherft's and Anftriuher's fupported each other with great 
 firmreft! ; and retreated in fome order. The return of the other 
 regiments rcfembled a Ihght more than a retreat, till they 
 cot under the cannon of the wooden redoubts. Tlic field 
 train which the Governor had brought with him, became the 
 pri/.e of the victors. In this allair, the Engliili liad three 
 hundred killed on the field of battle, and about fevcn Imii- 
 d:cd wounded. The lofs of the French was not fo coufulcr- 
 
 ;i 
 
 1"' 
 
 i — ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 i.v 
 
 1' \ 
 
 I v. 
 
 able. 
 
 t*' 
 
 I' 
 
 •ii 
 
 The French followed their blow by intrenching themfL-lvcs 
 .nnd nriking farther preparations to iK'fiege the kvau, whilll 
 Governor .^hnTay employed himfelf in the erc.-lioa of every 
 v.-nvk that coulil contribute i;> its defence. The lofs he ilif- 
 icrec! on tlic ^^ih had reduced his arniy to tv,-o thoufand tv.-o 
 iiundred clieaivc men. Six lumdrcd were in the hofpital, 
 moll of them ur:''ie to walk witliout crutches. Ver, in this 
 fituation, they ;,;! r their comrades all tlie aihilanee in their 
 pov.-er; and that w.is far from being coniemptible. Fart, 
 
 O o feated 
 
 'hw 
 
 M I 
 
 (• — 
 
hv 
 
 \m\, ■ 
 
 I i 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fcatcd on the ramparts, filled land-bags j others made cartridges 
 for the cannon. The women exerted themielves likewife: 
 Tlicv were indefatigable in taking care ot" the wounded, and 
 drciling their meat for the Ibldiers, now too buly to do it 
 thcmfelvcs. At length the alacrity of the troops had brought 
 the allairs of the garrifon into a very reipectablc lituation, 
 there being no t^^ewer then one hundred and thirty-two pieces 
 of cannon mounted on the ramparts, the greateft part of them 
 brou"-ht from the lower city by the labour of the foldiers ; 
 and fo fuccelsful was the continued lire of tliis numerous ar- 
 tillery, that the Irench were forced to deiiil: from an attack 
 they had begun againll St. John's gate. After all, the only 
 hopes of prclerving the city centered in the arrival of Lord 
 Colvillc, to whom Governor Murray had fcnt an ofliccr with 
 all pollible difpatch to inform him of his critical lituation. 
 At length, on the 9th of May, the apprehenfions of the garri- 
 fon began to fubfide, on the appearance of the LcoflafTe fri- 
 gate, commanded by Captain Dcanc ; and brightened into 
 hope on receiving by her the agreeable news of Commodore 
 Swanton's being arrived from Old Kngland, in order to inter- 
 cept any aflillance that Trance might attempt to give her army 
 in Canada. On the 1 ith, the French opened three batteries of 
 cannon, and one of mortars ; but their fire was returned with 
 great fpirit till the /6th, when the happy hour arrived that 
 faved ()uebcc. On this day, the Vanguard, Commodore Swan- 
 ton, came in fight, with the Diana. The next day, he palled 
 the town, and made a fignal for the two frigates to attack the 
 veirds, that had brought down the French artillery, ammu- 
 nition and (lores. They accordingly entered upon this fer- 
 vicc with fo much celerity, that the enemy flipt their cables, 
 
 and 
 
 m : 
 
 V. -.A 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 and made fail. But the frigates puifucd them fo clofely, and 
 cannonaded them fo brilkly, that the whole of them, fix in 
 number, were foon a-ground in different places. Part of their 
 crews, indeed, efcaped on Ihore. The remainder were made 
 prifoncrs ; and, amongft them, M. Vauguelin, the commodore. 
 
 The arrival of Commodore Swanton was like a ftroke of 
 thunder to the French. They imagined that he had troops oa 
 board his men of war, and that he would land ihcm at the 
 Point-aux-Tremblcs, and endanger their retreat. They, there- 
 fore, raifcd the fiegc witli a precipitation fcarccly to be ecjual- 
 led. They abandoned their camp, thirty-fix pieces of can- 
 non, fix mortars, all their ammunition and provilions, and all 
 the tools and materials they had colleifled to carry on their 
 approaches. CJovcrnor Murray ordered the grenadiers and 
 light infantry to purfuc the fugitives as far as Cape-Rouge, 
 and they made fomc prifoners. Thofe who efcaped, retired 
 to the other fide of Jacques-Carticr, to the quarters which they 
 jiad formerly occupied. 
 
 It is impofliblc to exprefs what the garrifon fuffered during 
 
 the winter, from the inclemency of the weather, labour witli- 
 
 out intermiilion, and a moll: inveterate fcurvy. Yet there were 
 
 foldiers, whom even the want of pay during the whole of 
 
 that rigorous feafon of near eighc months continuance, couM 
 
 not tempt to deviate from the Ih-iclcll obfervation of the mod 
 
 minute military duties. During this period, a thoufand died 
 
 of the fciu-vy ; and above two thoulaud had been alternately 
 
 in the hofpital, fo that the whole labour fell on about four 
 
 tliouland men. (^lebec being thus happily relieved, by tlie 
 
 arrival of Conunodore Swanton, General ^Uu•ray proceeded to 
 
 obey the orders he liad received to join General Amherfl, 
 
 bciorc Monueal. 
 
 O o 2 Whillt 
 
 28 
 
 j-(>-. 
 
 ^i. 
 
 u^< •■I 
 
2B4 
 
 h^'^ 
 
 f 
 
 :'c. 
 
 HISTORY 01- THE 
 
 Whilll the Knglifli were llru.qgling to prclcrvc a conqucfl of 
 {o much confeciiicncc, in the numiKT \ve h;i\ e related in the 
 fore-^oinc; p:ip;cs, theC'htrokees, notwithllanding the treaty they 
 liatl concluded with Governor I, yttelton, their having given up, 
 as we have already feen, ibmc of the villains who had perpe- 
 trated the nuuders complained of-", and even ki\ two-and- 
 twenty of their chiefs as hollagcs for t!ic delivery of the 
 remainder, relapfed into their native harhariiyand perfidiou/'- 
 jicfs, if they had ever cpiitted it. Ciovcrnor I.yttehon had rearec 
 time to get Iiome, when thofe mifereanrs hegan to ravage, as 
 ufual, fuch of the back lettlements of tl:e .nglifli as lay moll 
 convenient to them for that purpofe. l Icy ilril fell upon tha: 
 calleil Long Canes, where they fpared neither plantations or 
 buildings, men or cattle, women or chddren. They, in pnr- 
 ticular, murdered as many of the linglilh traders as they found 
 there. Not content with this fnil irruption, they foon after 
 made a fecond, to the amount of about two lumdred men, 
 into the lame wretched countr\', and fpread themfelves over 
 that bordering o.\ the forks of the Hroad River, wlierc they cut 
 oil' about forty fcttlers more. They likcwife made an attack on 
 lort Ninety fix ; and, finding it too flrong for them, took the 
 rout to Congarees, or Orange County, wliere, with fire and 
 fword, iliey laid eveiy thing waile before them. But the pro- 
 vinces to wliich thefe fettlements belonged were far from be- 
 holding iheCe txccfll'sv.ith their ufual indillerence, particularly 
 that of Soiuh-Carolina. Governor I.yttelron, on the firll news 
 of this frcfli ii'.fiaclion, immediately dilpatciied an cxprefs to 
 General Amhcrfl for ii^.fl ructions and a fpeedy reinforcement 
 of troops; and, in the meantime, tlic Provincial Allemhiy at 
 liis rciiuell, eaineflly fct about getting ready a force fufficient 
 to repel and chaUife, with General AinherlVs aflillanee, thefe 
 
 cruel 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 cruel and treacherous invaders, whenever the Governor's rc- 
 (jviilition fliould arrive for tliat purpofc. 
 
 All this while, however, the Indians were following their 
 l)low. On the i8th of Tebruary, i7<^)0, they allcmblcd before 
 Fort Prince George, in order, as it appeared, to furprife tlic 
 garril'on. With this view Oruivuijlo, the great Warrior of c:hoic, 
 coming within liearing, defncd to I'peak to Lieutenant Goyt- 
 niore, the commanding ollicer of the Tort, who thereupon 
 went to the bank of the river to meet him, accompanied by 
 Lnlign L'ell, Mr. Doharty, and an interpreter. The Warrior 
 then informed Mr. Coytmore, that he intended to go down to 
 the Governor on bufinefs of confequcncc, and defircd a white 
 man to accoiripany liim as a fafeguard. His re(]uelt being 
 granted, he laid he would go and catch a horfc for him. This 
 was objected to ; but the Warrior made a feint to pcriill in this 
 olTer; and, wlviUl he v/as fpeaking, he fwung a bridle, which 
 he held carelefsly in his hand, thrice over his iiead ; when, 
 inllantly, n volley was difcliargcd at Mr. Coytmore and his 
 company from an ambufcadc, where fonic Cherokces were 
 placed, am) to whom the (liaking of the bridle was a fignal. 
 Mr. Coytmore received a lliot through the left bread, wiiich 
 proved mortal ; Mr. Bell was wounded in the leg ; and tlic 
 interpreter in the buttock. Enfign Miin, who was left in the 
 Fort, judging from this treachery that the garrifon was not 
 fecure, fliotdd the hollagcs which the lort contained be per- 
 mitted to continue any lorgcr under no rellraint but that of 
 mere conrmement to a ro m\, ordered the ibldicrs to put them 
 in irons. Thole orders liuv immediately fet about executing; 
 but the full who atiempted to take hold of an Indian, was in- 
 Aantly killed with a tomaliawk ; and another was wounded. This 
 
 oiuragc 
 
 385 
 
 176D. 
 
 .1 
 
 
 T 
 
 ( 
 
 1 
 
 / 
 
 \4m 
 
 t; .; 
 
i ■' 
 
 ^. 
 
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 7. 
 
 ^1 
 
 V 
 
 
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 **. 
 
 ii 
 
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 fvsi 
 
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 •^ 12 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 M, dc Boiulcmaquc having abandoned Bouquerville and 
 Longuillc, and retired to the Illand of Montreal, General Mur- 
 ray detached Colonel Burton, with the grenadiers and light 
 infantry, to join Colonel Haviland ; or to ad: othcrwife, as cir- 
 cumllanees Ihould require: and, having received a letter by 
 an oillccr from Colonel Havilar.d, he lent the Himc olTicer, 
 witli Lieutenant Montrefor, to General Amhcrft, to inform him 
 of his fuuation. This ollicer found General Amhcrft on the 
 Ulc-Aux-l'errots. 
 
 The three armies being now within a fmall march of Mon- 
 treal, and able to form a jundion without any dilliculty, they 
 were put in motion on the 7th of September. That of General 
 Amheril approached to within two miles of Montreal , that of 
 Colonel Haviland (juitted the poll on the Illand of St. Thercfc ; 
 and, as well as that of Genera! Murray, directed its march to 
 the fame objec'l. 
 
 As foon as General Amhcrft came within fight of this place, 
 the French, as we have teen, demanded and obtained a celT^i- 
 tion of arms ; but General Murray happening to be ignorant 
 of what paflcd, on account of his being on the other lide of 
 Montreal, proceeded to within one mile of the town. Upon this 
 
 -iT. 
 
 ..i'. 
 
 .1 \M. 
 
 „ f • I . . 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 great a round to make to the place where they joined, ahnofl 
 :u ihc lame inflant of time, is truly alloniiliing. Yet bold and 
 daring, and'almoll dcfpcrate as the attemi)t may appear, it 
 muil at the fame time be allowed, that it wjs the only plan of 
 operations by which the Canadian war could be circclually 
 terminated without another campaign. 
 
 General Amherrt, immediately after the figning of the caj ^tu- 
 lation at Montreal, made ilie nccefTary preparations to take pof- 
 fcllionof all the places which the French Hill held in Canada, as 
 equally included in that ad. Accordingly, on the 13th of 
 September, Major Rogers embarked with a party of two hun- 
 dred rangers, another of the artillery, commanded by Lieute- 
 nant Davis, and Lieutenant Brehem, ailiilant engineer, to take 
 poUellion of Detroit, and the poRs eaablillied on tlie upper 
 lakes. He was, bcfides, charged, with the delivery of Ceneral 
 AmheriVs difpatches to Brigadier General Monckton, who 
 commanded at I'ort-Pitt. Thefe difpatches Majoi Rogers foon 
 delivered, and after a llay of only a few hours, to refrcfh 
 himfelf and his men, returned to Preriiuc-Illc. He then pro- 
 ceeded to the Streights that join the Lakes Erie and St. Claire ; 
 and from thence difpatched Lieutenant Drelicm to M. Heletrc, 
 vvho commanded at Detroit, to accptaint him with the capitu- 
 
 343 
 
 1760. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 .11 
 
 f1 
 
 i 
 
 
 .^"^i^•-v, 
 
 lledllUuK 
 
 aft^f^ 
 
A Scal#o:eagucs 
 
 ;. 
 
 3H 
 
 176^. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 the Major, therefore, loft the troops at Detroit, and returned 
 
 liimlell:" to Philadelphia. 
 
 The eapituhition of Montreal gave to Great Britain the full 
 podclhon of Canada. 
 
 In's^landand France never contended for a greater prize, ex- 
 cept Avhen to attain the crown of either kingdom was the objCL^ 
 of their arrnanients. 
 
 France very jufdy valued her colonics, and that at a high 
 rate,' as thev were a fource from which flic might derive a 
 prodig.nis quantity of fubfdlence and a powerful marine ; tlu- 
 natural conie.iuence of cxtcnfive commerce, and an unlimited 
 tilhcrv, in the management of which, the French, perhaps, 
 have not their equal. 'Fhe certain profpeel; lA gain would 
 naturally huluce people of almotl every denomination to em- 
 bark it^ this trade; and trom this trade, as from its proper 
 nurfery, would arifo a number of hardy iailorr,, the fine 
 nieans of increaling their navy to an eciualiiy with that of 
 (ireat Britain. If this Ihould ever liappcn, it requires not the 
 fjiirii of prophecy to foretel what mull be the confeciuencc. 
 
 .1^^ 
 
 r .1 !_ 
 
 JJ^.^» JJ^ J M, TT- 
 
 ;i- 
 
 
 K«un 
 
 iw/^»>:» 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 345 
 
 Britain miift be the confequcnce. Tlie Continent ot North. 
 America, and the iflands in the Weft-hidics, derive from each 
 other a mutual fupport, and a found pohcy would caufe the 
 riches of both uUimately to center in Great Britain. 
 
 If, in awar wliich has terminated fo honourably to this nation, 
 foUlicrs merit reward for patiently enduring every fpecics of 
 aillrefs, and encountering every danger with, the mofl ready 
 obedience, Britain never had an army whofe claim to her fa- 
 vour and protection was fo jult as that which ferved in America ; 
 and though (he had been mortified with repeated accounts of 
 difgraceful checks, her general ofUcers, and not her foldiers, 
 were the caufe of them. 
 
 It mud be confcfTed, that it was a diflficult tafk to furmount 
 the numerous obflacles which obI\ru^5ted the bufinefs of every 
 campaign ; but when Britain had a miniller who co dd diftin- 
 guidi abilities, thefe diOlculties in fome degree vaniflicd. 
 Firmnefs in the commander in chief furmountcd every oppo- 
 fition, and the views of General Amherll being confined to the 
 acquiring of honour to his mailer's arms, and the putting a 
 rpcody period to tlie cxpence an(^ horrors of war, they were 
 happily crowned widi that fuccefs, which fnch patriotic and 
 
 ;,->:.^r.,l tn t\\n r>in(T irrt-nroachablc t oiiducfl:. 
 
 I ; 1^0. 
 
 ^ ij 
 
 A:i..^^.^,..^n^A 
 
 \%%9rs »/■> 
 
,^s.%te^ti^fesaw^^'!5»f- 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T li E 
 
 LATE W A R IN A IM E R I C A. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 S.r.'ii^Cf of Noil h America troublcfoiuc, and again brought to rc^yln. 
 
 Ciucral JmherJI tnvijlcd ivUb the order of the Bath. Pr.p.ir.i- 
 
 tions t'j attack Martinico. Admiral Rodney to command ihejLrt — 
 
 ^.//V.f f'r Barbadoes. Armament completed by the arrival of the 
 
 (J.nerals Monekton and Rufane, and Lord Rolh at Barbadoes. ■ 
 
 Sails from theme for Martinico. Landing ifecled in Port-Royal 
 
 j;jy, Mount Tortonfon carried; and liLewif Mount Gamier. 
 
 . V/v citadel of Fcrt-Royal capitulates. Mojl of the inhabi- 
 
 taiits 'fthe ijlandfuhmit on terms. Pigeon-ljland furrenders. 
 
 La 'J'riiiiti' reduced. The Governor-general capitulates for the 
 
 ivhole iflanl. R.jleUiom on the conqucjl of Martinico. IFar 
 
 declared I iticeen Spain and England. SpanifJ) regifler Jhip brought 
 
 into Martinico. 'J7\- Grenades reduced. 5/. Lucia furrcndcrs by 
 
 capitulati'.n. ylrrival of the French feet off Martinico. 
 
 j-;^;^.-./ iK 1.,^,. .jCuLLic Ixlt ili'ihe In ntLirkit. ar cuvcr'^famaica: 
 
ijl lll\. V.\»ll* 
 
 I M II i t »-k H miL 1^ XKk Uil JLU U ■ 
 
 Montreal, witli a corps of two thoufand Four hundred and fihy 
 cllc.^ivc men, olTiccrs included, bclidcs leaving a fulhcicnt 
 number to do the garrilbn duty of Quebec, and contam the 
 
 >i.:..,. .^.Y'.ittlt' ,t jliirino" 
 
 ,1i 
 
 Ml 
 
uovcrnor 
 
 I '4; i 
 
 I ^rir 
 
 l> M In 
 
 f:ii^-/;iyj ^rr .IVr 
 
 //' A/.v 
 
 /It,')- />il;k';j4- 
 
 n,- I'f.uff yV;.,./ 
 
 •Vh.VV"'^ 
 
 ./";!•■// U.-'^ 
 
 a nul'j above i.ni-i laion. l ikjh uji^j im. l.^.llv.. 
 ];uiucs-Carticr, ar.d proccccltd to Dccluimhiiud, in order to pre- 
 vent the KngliHi i)imins .my troops on ihorc at that pliec. 
 
 .1,., n :...-... c. 
 
lucre, 
 
 hlfl 
 
 - nil r 
 
 HISTORY or THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 low the brave and indcfatlgalilc aclor?; to others luuatcd 
 under the fcorching rays of a vertieal lun, where they are 
 to encounter, not only the Ercneli, i)ut a clhiiar^ extreme- 
 ly inaiifpicious, or rather fatal, to Eiu'opcan conOittuion^.. 
 However inured to every danger ;uul dircrels tliar eould 
 await a ii;ldicr in a temperate zone ; the profpect ol- tliofe 
 peculiar to the torrid, could not but appear fuflicicntly ter- 
 rible: yet the hope of vidlory fwalh.iwed up every other con- 
 fidcration, ami Heeled them efjually ar.^ain(l the fiuy of thu 
 ei'.eniy and the ht)rror of the weatiier. 
 
 It niufl be owned, indeed, that the complete rcdiid;ion ot 
 tlic power of I'rancc on the Continent of North America, had 
 given them fome fliort rcfpite. but the favager, in tlie interefl 
 of the French flill continued their cruelties, where they could 
 cxercife them with impunity. The Chcrokees, in particular, 
 and other nations in alliance with them, yet held up the axe 
 ot" war. To clia'ilifc this their unprovoked and barbarous vio- 
 l.uioa of the mofi folemn treaties, Lieutenant Colonel Grant 
 v,as ordered tigainfl the Chcrokees ; but they foon agreed to a 
 pjace. This was the only warlike expedition which diilin- 
 guiibcd the year 1761 in North America. lUit General Am- 
 
 or < 
 
 I ; ' ■ [ . 
 
 I ( 
 
 Willi fill" n-i-n-Mi'f[ -iivliMiiv rifiu',1 <iri lii 
 
 i I I 1 lit ' 
 
 iWi ' !^ T T 1 '. 
 
 in ii' 
 
 l\is Uttle army to a very difagrccablo march, in which the 
 Frcncli would have had many advantages over him, from the 
 number of rivers and narrow palEes, wliieh dillinguiih this 
 /-.MiMfvv frnni nioll others. 
 
'♦ * ' ,_'»■ 
 
 ,:.^.;J,rr .l^^.y^^^Ay^ ,^.^, /l^^>^/^/^ .9//..VW //,<,- /W.i'^/v///^,,/,.,,. 
 
 (^uin'u/ Jtoi 
 
 n,- frarfe H-rr.i 
 
 him in his pidciit llation, where he rclblvctl to wait their 
 arrival. 
 
 M. de Levi had now taken upon him the command of the 
 
 frc 
 l.a 
 tw 
 
^///.yyr.//,- /•A>;-^/wy<».,/,v^vvyV,^,.,^,^^^ . n^^jusn^. 
 
 'fi> /i'ue f„ut 
 
 f'tfrn 
 
 (aravaf ffoci 
 
 --D 
 
 ( /■ r 
 
 of the Coall of 
 E( ar AdmI E O DXE Y 
 
 before the Attju k in 
 
 \ 
 
 !-m — lA^u LJL-i^ta «v%4^ W ■ ^^^« 
 
 heir 
 
 the 
 
 irom his lortKhip, to con(lu'5l the tiMiifports up the Ilivcr St. 
 Lawrence. Oppolite to Trois-Uivicres, the river is divided into 
 two channels ; the one, immc(Hatelv under the c.uinon oF that 
 
:>. 
 
 'ii 
 
 %\ 
 
 ,> (V 
 
 
 I'i 
 
 i h 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 with the banners of chivalry, by creating him a Knight of the 
 Bath. 
 
 The difgrace brought on the EngUfli arms, by the faint and 
 iU-conduacd attempt againft Martinico in the year 1759, in- 
 duced the minifter to fend another armament againft that 
 iiland. Accordingly, about the month of Auguft 1761, the 
 grcatcft preparations were begun to be made for the execution 
 of it. 
 
 The troops, drained for this expedition, were to be anemblcd 
 at Barbadocs, from the lately conciucrcd iQand of BcIIe-Ille, 
 and from North America, as we have already intimated. Sir 
 jclTrcy Amherft gave the command of them to Major General 
 :Monck:on. 
 
 The fleet was to be formed of fome fliips from the fame 
 placv>s, and fuch as were already in the Well-Indian feas, to be 
 comniandcd by Admiral Rodney. 
 
 On the icih of Oaober 1761, the Admiral lailed from Spit- 
 head m the Marlborough of fixty-cight guns, accompanied 
 bv the Vanguard of feventy, the Modefte of fixty-four, the 
 
 Lord R.UIo getting into the hcathnoll Jhip along wuU .\ir. tkKk, 
 gave orders for the fleet to follow them. A favour.ible wind now 
 f.Min^ring up. the vcilels got under way 10 attempt the paf- 
 

 I Knight of tlic 
 
 ly the faint and 
 year 1759, in- 
 nt againft that 
 iguft 1761, the 
 ir the execution 
 
 ; to he aflemblcd 
 
 kI of Iklle-Itlc, 
 
 intimated. Siv 
 
 3 Major General 
 
 from the fume 
 ndian feas, to be 
 
 ailed from Spit- 
 is, accompanied 
 f fixty-four, the 
 
 1 i.-i"i:n. 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ant, Modefte, and Bafilifk came in five days after; and, on the 
 firft of December, the Nottingham and Thunder ; the Van- 
 guard, with the reft of the fleet, joined them on the 9th. 
 
 Commodore Sir James Douglas was there already, with four 
 fliips of the line, waiting for General Monckton with the 
 troops from North-America. The Admiral, therefore, imme- 
 diately on his arrival, difpatched SIl' James off Martinico. with 
 orders to block up the harbours of that illand, and prevent the 
 throwing of any fuccours into its ports ; and, as foon as any 
 Ihips joined him from England, North-America, or elfewhcrc, 
 he fent than to Sir James Douglas on the fame errand. 
 
 The Admiral likewife hired ten fmall iloops. and having 
 onicered and manned them from the fleet, flationcd them in 
 luch a manner, as to prevent any vefTcl from St. Kudatia fteal- 
 in., with proviflons into the fmaller ports. Thcfe iloops l)emg 
 conftruacd for the purpofe of ruiming into very flioal water, 
 kept perpetually vifuing every little harbour; and therooy 
 efleauallv completed the blockade. Exprellcs were likewUc 
 difpatched to the diflcrent governors of the Engh(h Leeward 
 Iflands, acquainting them with the arrival of the armament ; 
 and requefting from them every afliflance in tbeu- power to 
 
 349 
 
 1761. 
 
 
 -i .-. i^ . 
 
 A now 
 e paf- 
 
 .111(1 lUKL' lil^~ ii.ivivr.il mil, vriiiv.li vfi.ii\.i<ii I'liiii.iv ii.iii i>i.i';iv 
 
 experienced to be the fafc one. To fufl'cr a verbal nicflagc to 
 fupcrfede a perfon, who was cxprel^ly ordered by Lord Col- 
 villc to conduifl the tranfports to General Murray, is not to be 
 
,|,c aim. of the V.u^Uih, ami finiViiiK ib^n.kivc^ aiiMs.ci 
 uhcicthcv imaginca thcmlclvcs l.itcll. became .litpiri.. I t.> 
 Juch a clti^ree, that they cle.erteil in crowds, ami UeUvcica up 
 
\ 
 
 >> Kid 
 :i\ up 
 
 ncvvim V II 
 
 III l\lliiix 
 
 Twi nn -fcvcnth 
 
 Ncw-I I.unplhirc Provincials 
 UIukIc-IiIuuI Provincials 
 
 ftoo 
 250 
 250 
 
I n 
 
 
 I 41 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fines of Virginia. And the gartifon, being reduced to the ut- 
 moft extremity for want of provifions, Captain Paul Dcmerc, 
 the commandant, fummoncd the officers to deliberate on their 
 critical fituation, when they came to the following relolution : 
 
 Fort Loudon, Auguft 6, 1760. 
 •• The officers being aflembled by Captain Paul Demerc, to 
 concert proper meafures to be purfued in the prcfent diftrcfs 
 of the garrifon, it being rcprefented, That our prov' ns arc 
 entirely cxhauflcd: That wc having fubfilled upon horfc-flclli, 
 and fuch fupply of hogs and beans, as the Indian women 
 brought us by ftealth, without any kind of bread, fince the 
 7th of Jtily, by which means our men arc greatly weakened, 
 and muft, in a fliort time, become incapable of doing duty: 
 That the enemy blockade us night and day : That, for two 
 nights part, confiderablc parties have dcfertcd, anu :o:nc even 
 have already thrown thcnifclves upon the mercy of the ene- 
 my: That the garrifon, in general, threaten to abandon us, 
 and betake themfclves to the woods : That wc liave no rcafon 
 to hope for feafonable relief, having had nc intelligence from 
 any Britilh fettlement fincc tlic 4th day f June: Wc are, 
 therefore, unanimoufly of opinion, that ii "3 impra(5licablc 
 to maintain the fort any longer ; and that fii 1 terms as can 
 be procured from the Indians, confident witl honour, be im- 
 mediately accepted of, and the fort abandc icJ : That Cap- 
 tain Stuart go to Chotee to trc: t with the wa io: o and head- 
 men, and to procure the beft terms he can." 
 
 Signed by all the Officers. 
 
 A copy of this refolution was immediately fcnt to Colonel 
 Byrd, at Williamfburgh in Virginia, to be forwarded to Gover- 
 nor Lyrrelton, accompanied with the following letter: 
 
 Fort 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Fort-Loudon, Auguft 8, 1^60. 
 *« This goes by an cxprcfs to acquaint you, that we have 
 agreed upon articles of capitulation -with the Great Warrior 
 and head-men ot the nation ; which, confidcring the great 
 diftrcfs wc are in, I hope you will approve of. Nothing but 
 the inclination thefe Indians have for a peace could have faved 
 us ; for we Ihould have been obliged to abandon the fort 
 this day, happen what would ; and few of us would ever 
 have reached Carolina. To-morrow morning, we fet out ; and 
 we flatter ourfelves the Indians mean us no harm. We fhall 
 make all the difpatch that our flarved condition will admit of. 
 
 1760. 
 
 " The Indians expejft that, immediately upon our arrival at 
 Keowce, the prifoners confined there will be releafcd, all 
 thoughts of farther hoftilities laid afide, and an accommodation 
 heartily fet about ; that a firm peace and well-regulated trade 
 may be cftabliflicd, which, they fay, will laft for ever. Wc 
 can difcover nothing in their prefent behaviour, that contra- 
 dicts this ; and hope, at lead, that nothing will be undertaken 
 which may endanger us upon the march. 
 
 Paul Demere." 
 
 Although the troops were in fuch diftrefsful circumftances, 
 and a capitulation with the Indians the only means of relieving 
 them, they were too fanguine in their hopes of its being ob- 
 fcrved with fuch a degree of faith, as they might depend upon 
 for protection. Accordingly, they too foon experienced that 
 they were deceived. They had not marched above fifteen 
 miles from the fort, when they were mod treacheroufly fur- 
 prifed by a large body of Indians ; and all the officers, except 
 Captain Stuart, were killed, together with about twenty-five of 
 
 the 
 
 ;] 
 
 v . »W*"~ 'j 
 

 296 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 1760. the private men ; the reft were made prifoners, and difperfed 
 through the nation. , ' 
 
 Captain Stuart was faved by the interpofuion of Atta-kulla- 
 kulla, the Little Carpenter, who parted with every thing 
 he had for that purpofc. Indeed, his attachment to the Eng- 
 lifli was fuch, that his countrymen never informed him of 
 their treacherous dcfigns, left he fhould thwart or counteraft 
 them. He now left the reft of the Indians on pretence of 
 hunting j and condudlcd Captain Stuart fafc to a party of Vir- 
 ginians on the Holllon-River, who prevented Fort Ninety-fix 
 from Iharing the lame fate with Fort-I,oudon ; the Indians 
 having thought proper to retire at the approach of this body. 
 
 THE 
 
 
 .1 "-s _/iv. j:j-_ ■ _♦, ",$-'■ 
 
 ■ --. ««atir 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 BOOK viir. 
 
 Dherfton made by Major Rogers, in Canada, in favour of the garrifon of 
 
 ?>uchec. General Amberjl proceeds againji Montreal. A French 
 
 armed vejfcl taken in the River St. Lazvrencc. Fort Levi taken. 
 
 Rapids in the River St. Lawrence; pq^ed by the Efigli/Jj army. 
 
 Extraordinary clemency of the Ettgli/lj to the French inhabi- 
 tants. General Amhetjl arrives before, and invejls Montreal ; the 
 
 French army having retired into it. Letters between the Englifh 
 
 and French Generals. The French General capitulates. The 
 
 articles. Favourable impreffion made by the appearance of two 
 
 other Englifl) armies before Montreal, under Governor Murray from 
 
 ^tebec, and Brigadier Haviland from Croivjt-Point. Governor 
 
 Murray's Jlrength and progrefs he is joined by tnvo regiments or- 
 dered from Louifbourg reaches the ifland of Montreal, and 
 
 marches up to the toivn. Brigadier Haviland* s Jlrength and pro- 
 grefs. Major Rogers fent to take pojfej/ion of the forts in Canada^ 
 
 Jlill in the hands of the French. ReJleSlions on the conquejl of 
 
 Canada. 
 
 > -'3 % ■ 
 
 m 
 
 IN our laft book we mentioned an cxprefs being fent by 
 Governor Murray to General Amherfl:, in confcquence of 
 wi\ich his Excellency, on the 25th of May, ordered Major 
 
 Q^q Rogers, 
 
 1-60. 
 
f 
 
 U r\ 
 
 ,^3 H 1 S -r O R Y or T H E 
 
 1760. Rogers, with a detachment of three hundred men, to enter 
 Canada, that thereby the attention of the enemy might be 
 drawn oil', fo as to prolong the fiege of Quebec, tili the men 
 of war, cxpeclcd to its relief, could get up the river St. Law- 
 rence. As the moll clIecTiual method of executing this fervice, 
 Major Rogers was ovdcred to fall down the Lake Champlain, 
 under convoy of a brig ; then, after laying up his boats, to 
 proceed, by land, with two hundred and fifty men, on the 
 weft fide of the Lake; get to St. John's, if pollible, without 
 the knowledge of the enemy ; fm-prife the fort at that place, 
 and dcflroy the velTlls, boats, provifions ; in a word, all the 
 ftores he might find laid up there for the uCe of the French 
 troops at the Iilc-.\ux-Noix. From hence he was to proceed to 
 Fort-Chamblc, on the lame bufinefs. In ihort, he was to de- 
 ftroy every maga/".ne he could meet with, and diftrefs the 
 cnemv every other w.iy as much as poHiI^le, particularly by 
 fending fifty rangers againfl: Wigwani Alartiniiiue. Bur, as 
 his arrival and operations mull foon be known at the Ille- 
 Aux-Noix, he had likewife direv!:l:ions to keep, in his return, 
 on the eaft fule of that illand, in order to prevent his retreat 
 being cut OiT. hi the mean time Lieutenant Grant was to con- 
 tinue crui/ing in the brig, to be ready to receive the Major on 
 his return. To thefe orders was added a ftrong iujundion, 
 that neither women nor chiltlrcn Ihould be injured. 
 
 On the .^.ih of June, Major Rogers landed at the place he was 
 ordered, and i>roreeded on his expedition by land ; bur, two 
 davs after, he vvas attacked by a party of about three huntlred 
 and fifty French, and had fixteen men killed, and ten wounded. 
 The enemy had about forty killed and wounded. After this 
 aflair Major Rogers thought proper to return to the Lfle de la 
 
 Motte, 
 
 '♦ \ 
 
 l( 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Motte, where Lieutenant Grant was waiting for him in his 
 brig. Here, being joined by the Stockbridgc Indian company, 
 he determined, at all events, to fet forward again and purfue 
 his orders; firft* agreeing with Lieutenant Grant upon the 
 place where the latter lliould cruize to receive him, and on 
 fome fignals, by which he might know him at his arrival 
 there. On the gih of June the Major landed, about midnight, 
 on the weft fliore oppofite the Ille de la Motte, and from thence 
 proceeded, as faft as pollible, to St. John's ; fo that by the 15th, 
 in the evening, he found himfelf but about two miles from 
 the road that led to it from Montreal : the enemy, however, 
 being too alert to be furprifed, he marched down the river 
 fjde to St. Therefc, where there was a flockaded fort, defen- 
 fiblc againft fmall arms only. The French being carting hay, 
 he fcized the opportunity of a cart's being juft entering the 
 g.ite, and rufhed into the fort before the carriage could be 
 got clear enough of the gateway to let the gate be fluit. The 
 garrifon, confiding of twenty-four foldicrs, were made prifo- 
 ncrs, with feventy or eighty inhabitants, women and children 
 included. From the intelligence he gained here, the attack 
 on Fort Chamblj appeared impraclicable. This determined 
 the Major to burn the village and the fort, and deftroy every 
 thing in them that could be ufeful to the enemy. The wo- 
 men and children he fcnt to Montreal, with proper paflfes to 
 protect them from any fcouting party. He then continued 
 his march on the eaft fide of Lake Champlain ; but, as he was 
 pulling by Miinfquey-Bay, oppofite to the Ifle-Aux-Noix, his 
 advanced party was attacked by an advanced detachment of 
 the French, whofe main body being about a mile in their rear, 
 they thought proper to fall back upon it, whilll the Major 
 feized the opportunity of purfuingunmolcllcd his march with 
 all pofTible expedition. On the 20th of June he arrived at that 
 
 299 
 
 1760. 
 
 h 
 
 H-M 
 
!l 
 
 A 
 
 3CO 
 
 1700. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 part of the banks of the lake, oppofite to which Lieutenant 
 Grant was to keep cruizing to receive him ; and the lieutenant 
 performed his duty on this occafion, fo much like an officer, 
 particularly by keeping a diligent look-out for the appointed 
 fignals, that the Major and his party were arrived but a few 
 minutes before Lieutenant Grant had them on board, to the 
 great mortification of a large body of French, who immedi- 
 ately after made their appearance. Lieutenant Holmes, who 
 commanded the fifty rangers fcnt to Wigwam-Martinique, 
 miflcd his way by going down a river which falls into the 
 Sorel, inllead of that called Wigwam-Martinique, whicli 
 emjnies itfelf into the riva* St. Lawrence, at Lake Saint 
 Francis. 
 
 The ncccflary preparations having been made to bring the 
 whole power of the Britifh forces in North-America, againft 
 Montreal, in order to fmifh by its reduiflion the war in tliat 
 part of ihc world ; and the feafon being fufficiently advanced 
 to enable Sir JefTcry Amherft, the commander in chief, to com- 
 mence hib part of the operations, he embarked at New-York 
 on the jd of May, and proceeded to Schcnctflady. rrom 
 thence, with part of his army, he purfued his rout to Ofwcgo, 
 where he encamped on the gth of July. The remainder he 
 ordered to follow with the grcateft diligence under the coni- 
 maiul ot Brigadier Gage. On the 14th, two voflcls hove in 
 fii;lu i-ii T.ike-Ontario, which proving to be thofe that h.ul 
 been fitted out at Niagara, under the command of Captain 
 l.oring, boats were immediately difpatched to Iiim with 01- 
 dcis to look out for, and attack the French vcllcls cruizing on 
 the hiko. On the 20th, two other vcllcls appeared, and provinij 
 to be the French velfels which had efcaped Captain Lorlnp;'-> 
 vigilance, a fuiall boat was immediately difpatched to cruize 
 
 for 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 for bim, with an account of thi? difcovcry : and, at the fame 
 time, to prevent his being obhged to return to Ofwego for 
 ...«r,t nf nrovWions- the General ordered Captain Wiljyamoz, 
 
 ///Lroftiie^ 
 
 fi 
 
 i-$m 
 
 \ 
 
 .-1t.--«^ ._T»_- 
 
 Wmi 
 
V rP/!/ri' otf2 . 
 
 Tile River Sjmq^T IlAwrekce fem 
 
 w 
 
 me 
 
 Pa Ji T 
 
 OF 
 
 LAKE 
 
 0:XT^IJIT o 
 
 rfatf"-ig-r.MJ\j 
 
 .^U-. 
 
AWEKCi: femX^^ O^T^IO to th. Tst. a^^ omoT^TTiv. at. EngxaVd forJlg'.iLgiaryjrli 
 
 <n 
 
 
 '^^*f"^. 
 
 Jj^leJi^l 
 
 5^ 
 
 
 
 ?/' 
 
 %.. 
 
 r-k* 
 
 <^^ 
 
 ^^>., 
 
 T'P'e 
 
 V 
 
 '/'^'i, 
 
 ?f- 
 
 Scale of Miles 
 
 // 
 
 /o 
 
 ^4 
 
 \ 
 
 
Ujstojgt of the War \x}L^o^s^^^k:isiLsiiBOiQ A:\5y T.Il^ grapiie:r to 
 
 r 
 
 JoJWtCt^Ti^ 
 
 •■**>. 
 
 / 
 
 ^0 
 
 Mt 
 
 ■sr 
 
 >.°-n-.a<>^ 
 
 »**;'-■• 
 
 
 Zajs:je 
 
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 J^HA-JVCJ^Sr 
 
 /S 
 
o aHAPHEH to Hjs Maje sty 
 
7 
 
 i\ 
 
 :oo 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 part of the banks of the lake, oppofitc to which Lieutenant 
 Grant was to keep cruizing to receive him •, and the lieutenant 
 
tenant 
 tenant 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 for him, with an account of this difcovcry : and, at the fame 
 time, to prevent his hcing ohHgcd to return to Ofwego for 
 want of provifions, the General ordered Captain Willyamoz, 
 ■with a detachment of one hundred and thirty men in twelve 
 boats, to take poll on c' " Hie Aux-Iroquois, and fupply Cap- 
 taing Loring witli every i\uu/ he might want. On the 82d, 
 Brigadier Gage arrived with the rear of the army ; as did Sir 
 WiUiani Johnfon, on the j^d, with a party of hidians. On 
 the 24th, the General received iiiteUigcnce, that the French 
 vcflcls had efcaped into the River St. Lawrence, and that 
 Captain I.oring was returning with the Onondaga of fixtcen, 
 and the Mohawk of eighteen fix-pounders. 
 
 On the 5ih of Auguft, the General ordered the army, to be 
 in readinefs to embark. It now confilled of the following 
 troops. 
 
 The firll and feccnd battalion of Royal Highlanders, 
 
 forty-fourth regiment, , 
 
 forty-fixth, 
 
 fifty fifth, 
 
 fourth battalion of the fixticth. 
 Eight companies of the feventy-feventh, 
 Five of the eightieth, 
 Five hundred and ninety-fevcn grenadiers, 
 Five hundred and nincty-fevcn light infantry, 
 One hundred and forty-fix rangers, 
 Three battalions of the New- York regiment, 
 The New-Jcrfcy regiment. 
 
 Four battalions of the Connetflicut regiment, and 
 One hundred and fixty-leven of the Royal Artillery ; 
 
 amounting, in the whole, to ten thoufand. one hundred and 
 
 forty- 
 
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 Vii '] 
 
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 111 
 
 m< 
 
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 362 
 
 V— -%- — ' 
 
 HIStdRY OV triE 
 
 forry-iwo cnoctivc men, officers incliulcd. The Indians under 
 Sir William Johnfon were fevcn hundred and fix. 
 
 On the 7th, Captain T.oring failed with his two vcfTels ; and 
 immediately aher the liiil battalion oi" Royal Ilighlmdeis, 
 the grenadiers ot" the army commanded by Lieutenant-Qjlo- 
 nel MaOey, with Captain Campbell ot" the forty-fecond to afiiil 
 him as major; the light infaniry commanded by Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Aniherfl, with Captain Delancy, as major to ailiil him, 
 with Ogden's and Whyte's companies of rangers ; the whole 
 imder the command of Colonel Haldiman, embarked and fail- 
 ed to take poil at the entrance of the River St. Lawrence. 
 
 On the 10th, the General himfelf embarked, with tjic Roval 
 Artillery, the regulars, Sir William Johnfon and part of liis 
 Indiana, in boats and whale-boats ; but, the wind being very 
 high, and the water of the la'cc very rough, they were forced 
 to make for a fmall creek, at whofc entrance there is a very 
 dangerous bar, on which one of the artillery boats was lo[t. 
 The next day, the weather being a little more moderate, the 
 General, at noon, proceeded for the river dc la Motte ; and, 
 on the I 2th, was joined by Brigadier Gage, with the provin- 
 cials, in a bay, where the enemy had lately encamped. On 
 the 13th, the whole embarked ; and that very day encamped, 
 widi Colonel Haldiman, at the pofl which he had taken at 
 the head of the River Sr. Lawrence, Captain Loring, with his 
 two veflels, having millaken the channel from the lake to the 
 River St. Lawrence, the army pafTed him, whihl he was endea- 
 vouring to extricate himfelf. On the 13th, the whole army 
 gained Point de Rarril, in the neighbouihoodof the port called 
 la-Gallette, which Brigadier Gage was ordered to deflroy 
 the preceding year. Here the enemy had a very good dock, 
 
 in 
 
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 mmmmmmmm 
 
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 ortlic lUtack upon 
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 A fort Zm'/ii 
 
 \\ Tfu Fn t,,^ ^/Jv/ t.iAvti tAr qr 
 
 I) Two of'//i,'JStuMi'.f Hiixir/^' 
 K Biiffinf.v I'prftMtf the 'H 'f 
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 , Kuffrm'i'cl for 
 
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 11 
 
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LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 in wliich they built their veflels. The grenadiers and light 
 infantry, with the row-gallies, took poft that day, without halt- 
 ing, at Ofwegatchic, a few miles below the Point dc Barril. 
 
 All this while, one of the enemy's vefTels kept hovering 
 about the army ; and, as Captain Loring had not yet got 
 into the right channel, it became neceiTary, for the fafety of 
 the army, either to compel this velFel to retire, or to take her. 
 The General was, therefore, obliged to order Colonel William- 
 fon, with the row-gallies well manned, to do one or the other. 
 On the 17th, the gallics advanced with the utmofl intrepiditv, 
 under a very heavy fire from the enemy ; but it did not in 
 the lead damp the ardour of tlie afTailants ; their fire was re- 
 turned with fuch refolution and bravery, that, after a fcvere 
 contefl of about four hours, the French vcHel rtruck her co- 
 lours. Siie mounted ten-twelve pounders ; and had on board 
 one hundred men, twelve of wliom were killed or wounded. 
 Two of Colonel Williamfon's detachment were killed, and 
 three wounded. The General immediately named the veiFul 
 the Williamfon, in honour of the Colonel, and to perpetuate 
 the memory of fo gallant an a(5lion. The fame day the army 
 proceeded to Ofwegatchic, from whence it was neceflary to 
 reconnoitre Iflc-Royal, fo that it was noon the next day before 
 the array could proceed. 
 
 I'ort-Levi ftcod on this ifland, which was othcrwife ftrongly 
 fortified, lliough the redudion of Fort-Levi couUl be of little 
 fcrvice, merely as a fort, yet it was, certainly, of too much 
 confequencc to be left in the rear of an army : bcfidcs, the 
 number of pilots, pcrfedly acquainted with the intricate na- 
 vigation of the River St. Lawrence, which the making of the 
 garrifon prifoners would allbrd, was alone a fullicient motive 
 
 for 
 
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of tlic attaclL upon 
 
 ~!f 5 ~^ Ifcil'LVllCO S 
 
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 ^,,Eu]j;-rayed for 
 
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 304 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 for attacking it. It was, ihcicrorc, inverted that very evening. 
 Wliilll the Englifh were pafiing the point, the French kept up 
 a very Ihiart cannonade on tlicm, and deihoyed one of the 
 row-gallics, and a few boats, and killed two or three men ; 
 but notwithflanding this fire, and an uninterrupted continu- 
 ance of it, tlic fort was Co completely inverted by the 20th, by 
 the maderly difpoliuon of the troops, as to make it importihlc 
 for the garrilbn to cfcapc. 
 
 Captain I.oring had arrived the day before with his two vcf- 
 fcl?, and c!ic Williamfon brig; and the batteries being now 
 ready, the General, on the 23d, determined to allault the fort, 
 that as little time as poOible might be warted on it. He, there- 
 fore, ordered the vcflels to fall down the ftream, port them- 
 fclvcs as doi'c to the fort as poffible, and man their tops well, 
 in order to fire upon tl^e enemy, and prevent their making 
 ufe of their guns; whilrt the grenadiers rowed in with their 
 broad fwords and tomahawks, fafcines and fcaling-ladders, 
 under cover of three hundred of the light infantry, who were 
 to fire into the cmbrafures. The grenadiers received their 
 orders with a chearfiilnefs that might be regarded as a fiire 
 omen of fucccfs ; and, with their ufual alacrity, prepared 
 for the attacl:, waiting in their fliirts till the fliips could 
 take their proper ftations. This the Williamfon brig, com- 
 manded by Lieutenant Sinclair, and the Mohawk, by Lieute- 
 nant Phipps, foon did ; and both furtained and returned 
 a very heavy fire. But the Onondaga, in which was Captain 
 Loring, by fome extraordinary blunder, ran a-ground. The 
 enemy, difcovering her dirtrefs, plied her with fuch unceafing 
 fhowcrs of great and fmall arms, that Captain Loring thouglit 
 proper to flrike his colours, and fent Thornton, his inafter, on 
 
 iliorc 
 
 / f 
 
 tsieiiiil^^ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fliorc to the enemy, who endeavoured to take pofleflion of 
 the veflel ; but by Colonel Williamfon's obferving it, he turned 
 upon them a battery, which obliged them to defitt from the 
 undertaking. The General then ordered Lieutenant Sinclair, 
 from the Williamfon brig, and Lieutenant Pennington, with 
 two detachments of grenadiers under their command, to take 
 pofleflion of the Onondaga ; and they obeyed their orders with 
 fuch undaunted refolution, that the Englifh colours were 
 again hoifted on board her. But the veflfel, after all, could 
 not be got off; and was therefore abandoned about mid- 
 night. The Englifh batteries, however, put a flop to any 
 future attempt of the enemy to board her. Captain Loring, 
 being wounded, was in the mean time fcnt afliore. This 
 accident of the Onondaga's running a-ground, obliged the Ge- 
 neral to defer for the prefent his plan of aflault ; but this de- 
 lay proved rather a fortunate event, as it faved a good deal of 
 blood, for on the 25th, M. Pouchot, the commandant, beat a 
 parley, demanding what terms he might expet^ ; to which 
 no other anfwer was returned, than that the fort mufl be im- 
 mediately delivered up, and the garrifon furrender prifoners 
 of war ; and but ten minutes were given for a reply. Tliefe 
 terms were received within the ten minutes ; and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Maflcy, with the grenadiers, immediately took poilef- 
 fionof the place. The lofs of the Englilli before it, was twenty- 
 one men killed, and nineteen wounded. The lirlt fhot from 
 the Englilh battery killed the French oflicer of artillery. 
 Eleven more were killed afterwards, and about forty wound- 
 ed. The garrifon, all to the pilots, for the fake of whom 
 chiefly the place had been attacked, were fcnt to New- York ; 
 and the General named the fort, Fort-William-Auguftus. 
 
 On the furrender of Fort-Levi, the Indians following the 
 Englifli army prepared* agreeable to their ufual bloody cuf- 
 
 R r torn 
 
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 '.i-M-' 
 
 M 
 
 Irr 
 
 *— -*'5>.— «P 
 
3o5 
 
 1760. 
 
 H I S T O n Y OF THE 
 
 torn when at w.ir, to enter the fort in order to tomahawk kiid 
 maflacrc the garrifon. But General Amherft being appriled 
 of ihcir intentions, immediately fcnt orders to Sir Williain 
 lolinfon, to perfiiadc them, if polllble, to defift ; declarmg, it 
 the fame time, that, if they offered to enter live fort, he would 
 compel them to retire. The flores he promifed Ihould be de- 
 livered to them, as his army ^vas not in want of what few 
 blankets might be found there. This meflage had its defired 
 efTecT:. The Indians, though with great relu(?lance and appa- 
 rent ill humour, were prevailed on to return to their camp. 
 However, their refcntmcnt incrcafed to fuch a degree, tliat 
 Sir William Johnfon informed the General, he was apprchcn- 
 five they would quit the army, and return to their rcfpciftivc 
 villages and caftlcs. The General replied, " Tliat he believed 
 his army fully fuflicicnt for the fcrvice he was going upon, 
 without their aflillance ; that, although he wiflicd to preferve 
 their fricndfliip, he could not prevail on himfelf to purchafe 
 it at the expence of countenancing the horrid barbarities they 
 wanted to perpetrate ; and added, that, if they quitted the army, 
 and on their return Ihould commit any adls of cruelty, he 
 would aflliredly chaftifc them." Uixjn this, moll of thcfe crea- 
 tures, who amounted to about feven hundred, abandoned Sir 
 William Johnfon, and retired to their refpecflivc villages and 
 caftlcs, but without committing the lead violence. The faith- 
 ful few, in number about one hundred and feventy, who con- 
 tinued with the army, were afterwards didinguiflied by rneda!s» 
 which the General gave tliem, that they might be known at 
 the r.ngUlh pofts, and receive the civil treatment their hu- 
 manity, and their afTecflion for the Englifh,. entitled them to. 
 
 If the French plan of policy had admitted of fimilar exer- 
 tions of Uumanity towards their prifoners, there is no doubt 
 
 but 
 
 1-li f 
 
 
 
 J% 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 but they might thereby have et^ually prevented the commif- 
 fion of adls, which, even had rhcy conquered, would have 
 been fufficicnt to fully the glory of their grcatefl atchieve- 
 xncnts. 
 
 Till the 30th, the army was employed in levelling the bat- 
 teries, and repairing boats and rafts for the artillery, which 
 was now embarked with the neceflary ftores ; and, on the 3 1 11, 
 the General, with the firft divifion of the army, confilUng of the 
 artillery, the grenadiers and light infantry, the 44th and 55th 
 regiments, the 4ih battalion of Royal Americans, and three 
 regiments of provincials, embarked about noon ; and, in the 
 evening, reached the Ifle-Aux-Chats, having palFcd the fivii 
 rapids. On the ift of September, they proceeded about ten 
 miles farther, and encamped. On the 2d, Brigadier Gage, 
 with the other divifion, joined the General, having loll three 
 Highlanders in going over the Falls. The whole now pro- 
 ceeded together, entered Lake St. Francis, and that very even- 
 ing reached Pointe-Aux-Boudets, where, the weather being 
 extremely bad, the General halted. On the 3d, a prifoncr was 
 brought in, who gave intelligence, that Colonel Ilaviland had 
 taken pofleflion of the Ifle-Aux-Noix, the enemy having abaa- 
 dopqd it at li|s approach. 
 
 The navigation of the River St. Lawrence is, in this place, 
 perhaps, the nioft intricate and dangerous of any actually ufcd 
 in North America, without the alliftancc of pilots accuilonied 
 to the force and direction of its various eddies. Tliough the 
 Ircnch had been conftantly going up and down this river ever 
 fmce their polTefllon of Canada, General Anihcrfl's attempt to 
 navigate it in the manner he did, was judged impracticable. 
 No doubt, the route by Lakc-Geovge and lake-Champlain 
 
 R r 2 might 
 
 ?07 
 
 1. 1] 
 
 .' '■■ 'I 
 
 m 
 
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ii 
 
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 L ■(■! 
 
 308 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1760. might have hccn the caficfl to penetrate by into Canada; but 
 this by the Mohawk-River, Ofwcgo, and the River St. Law- 
 rence, opened a paflligr, which had as yet been unexplored 
 by the KngHfli, and cfl'edually deprived the French of the 
 opportunity of carrying on the war another campaign, by re- 
 treating to their unconqucred pods at Detroit, and elfewherc 
 to the fouth. Thofc who declared the river impradlicable to 
 the EngUfli, grounded their opinion on the unfuccefsfuhiefs 
 of the attempt made on La Galcttc the preceding year by Ge- 
 neral Gage ; not confidcring the difference between a feeble 
 irrcfolute effort, and a rtrong determined flrokc. The pilots 
 taken at Fort-Lcvi contributed much to the fafety of the 
 army in this navigation ; or, if it could have been equally 
 fafe without their afliftance, it would have been much more 
 tedious. The cliief art in getting through thcA; rapids with 
 a number of boats, confifts in the making them keep a pro- 
 per diftancc. Without the greateft attention to this precau- 
 tion, tlic lives of thofe who pafs the Cedar-Falls cfpecially, mull 
 be in the utmoil danger. 
 
 It mud be confefled, that ths apj^cm ranee of broken rocks 
 and inacccffible iflands, interfperfed in the current of a rapid 
 river, and the foaming furges rebounding from them, With- 
 out a dire<5t channel to difcharge itfclf by, prefents a fcene of 
 horror unknown in Europe; yet the nrnd, by degrees, foon 
 lofes the fenfation of terror, and becomes free enough to direct 
 the adions of the body. 
 
 On the 4th of September, the General put the army in mo- 
 tion, and it foon cleared the Lake St. Francis, and entered a 
 country lately well inhabited, but now a mere defert. About 
 noon the van of the army entered the Cedar-Falls. This, as 
 
 2 we 
 
 '01' V^' 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 \\c have already hinted, is by far the moft dangerous part of 
 the whole river, and had the boats crowded too clofe upon 
 each other, moll of them muft have pcrilhed. Accordingly, for 
 want of fuflicient precaution, twenty-nine boats belonging to 
 regiments, fcvcniecn wlialc-boats.fcventccn artillery-boats, and 
 one row-g;il!cy, were daflied to pieces, with the lofs of 88 men; 
 and this too, before, on account of the night's approaching, 
 the whole of the army could get through : what did, encamp- 
 ed on the Iflc-Perrot. On the 5th, in the morning, the remain- 
 der, taking care to prefervc a proper diftance, pafTed the rapid 
 with cafe. During the (lay the General was obliged to make, 
 to repair the damaged boats, the inhabitants came flocking in, 
 and took the oaths of allegiance to his Britannic Majefly. 
 Humanity and clemency ever attended on the victories of 
 the Romans : the princes and people who fubmitted to their 
 arms were fure of protedlion ; and thofc who dared to op- 
 pofe them, were made to feel the weight of their greatnefs and 
 power. True policy might alone be thought fufficicnt, efpe-' 
 cially after fuch an illuflrious example, to make the general* 
 of every nation adopt fuch conciliating meafures. It v;ould 
 have been juftly matter of furprife, if, from the natural feel- 
 ings of his own heart, independant of any other motive, Ge- 
 neral Amherft had ncglc(n:ed to ftretch forth the hand of 
 commiferation to the number of trembling, defpairing 
 wretches, who now appeared before him. The blood that 
 had been fhed in the wantonnefs of cruelty, had expunged 
 from their breads every hope of mercy ; and they advanced 
 like culprits approaching a judge to receive the fentence due 
 to their crimes. Full as they were of confcious guilt, how 
 great muft have been their joy to find themfelves forgiven, re- 
 ftored to their pofTefllons and to their families ; to be received 
 
 as 
 
 t>' ' 
 
 1; 
 
 hi s 
 
 -_ ^ - .'.* ^'i V-rf **''*^ _J 
 
i% ■ ^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 as fiiemlst and have every ncccflTAry provided fov them as fuch ; 
 
 and to crown all, to know, for certain, that they might fc- 
 
 curcly depend on a coniinxiancc, or rather an increafe of thci'c 
 
 blcilings. 
 
 * 
 On the 6th, the army pafTcd by the Cocknawaga Indians, 
 
 who promifcd the General, that they would obfcrve a ftrid 
 neutrality : upon which he gave orders that they fhould not be 
 moleftcd. Soon after, the army, being arrived within a fmall 
 way of the Falls of St. Lewis, difembarkcd at La Chine, on the 
 Ifland of Montreal, about nine miles from the city ; which the 
 General immediately marched to, and that night inverted ; the 
 Trench army having retired into it. The next day, the following 
 letters pafTcd between the two Generals, and ended in a capitu- 
 lation, which was figned on the 8th of September 1760. 
 
 SIR, Montreal, Sept. 7th, 1760. 
 
 *• I fend to your Excellency M. dc Bougainville, Colonel of foot, 
 accompanied by M. dc Lac, Captain in the regiment de la 
 Ucine ; you may rely on all that the faid Colonel (hall fay to 
 your Excellency in my name. 1 have the honour, ficc. 
 
 Vacduiiuil." 
 
 S I R, Camp before Montreal, Sept. 7th, 17G0. 
 
 " 1 am to thank your rixccllcncy for the letrcr you honoured 
 mc with tills morning by Colonel Bougainville, fmcc which, 
 ilic terms of capitulation, which you demand, have been de- 
 livered to me. I lend them back to your Excellency, witli 
 thofe I have rcfolved to grant you; and there only remains 
 for me to defire, that your Excellency will take your rcfolu- 
 tion as foon as poi&ble, as I ihall make no alteration in them. 
 
 If 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 •• !f your Excellency accepts of thefc conditions, you may be 
 afTurcd that I will take care tlicy fhall be iluly cKccutcd ; and 
 that I lliall take a particular plcafurc in alleviating your fate 
 as much as i>o(]il>le, by procuring to you and your fuite, all 
 the convcniencies that depend on me. I have the honour, &c. 
 
 Jeff. Amiikrst." 
 
 SIR, Montreal, Sept. 7th, 1760. 
 
 ♦» I have received the letter your txcellency has honoured me 
 with this day, as well as the anfwer to the articles which I 
 had caufed to be propofed to you by M. de Bougainville. I 
 fend the faid Colonel back to your Excellency,; and I pcrfuadc 
 myfclf that you will allow him to make, by word of mouth, 
 a rcprcfentation t ) your Zxrcllcncy, whicli I cannot difpenfc 
 with my felt from making. I have the lionour, Sec. 
 
 Vaudrkuil.** 
 
 SIR, Camp before Montreal, Sept. 7th, 1760. 
 
 •• Major Abercrombie has this moment delivered to me the 
 letter with which your Excellency has honoured me, in anfwer 
 to that which I had addreflcd to you with the conditions on 
 which I expert that Canada fliall furrcndcr : I have already 
 had the honour to inform your Excellency, that I fhould not 
 make any alteration in them : I cannot deviate from this refo- 
 lution: Your Excellency will therefore be pleafcd to take a 
 determination immediately, and acquaint me in your anfwer, 
 whether you will accept of them or not. I have the ho- 
 nour) &c. 
 
 JsFE. Amherst.'* 
 
 &IR> 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 h 
 
 ■ H 
 
1 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 S I R, Montreal, Sept. 7th, 1 760. 
 
 " I fend to your Excellency M. de Lapaufe, Affiftant Quarter- 
 Maftcr-Gencral to the army, on the fubjedt of the too rigorous 
 article which you impofe on the troops by the capitulation, 
 and to which it would not be poflible for us to fubfcribc. Be 
 pleafed to confider the feverity of that article. I flatter my- 
 felf that you will be pleafed to give ear to the reprcfentations 
 that officer will make to you on my part, and have regard to 
 them. I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 Le Chevalier de Levi." 
 
 SIR, Camp before Montreal, Sept. 7th, 1 760. 
 
 " The letter which you fent me by M. de Lapaufc has this 
 inftant been delivered to me: All I have to fay in anfwcr to ir 
 is, that I cannot alter in the leaft the conditions which I 
 have offered to the Marquis deVaudreuil: And 1 cxpctl lils 
 definitive anfwer by the bearer, on his return. On every other 
 occafion I ftiall be glad to convince you of the confidcration 
 with which I am, &c. 
 
 Jeff. Amherst." 
 
 SIR, Montreal, Sept. 8th, 1760. 
 
 " I have determined to accept the conditions which your Ex- 
 cellency propofes. In confequence whereof, I dellre you will 
 come to a determination with regard to the raeafures to be 
 taken relative to the figning of the faid articles. I have the 
 honour to be, &c. 
 
 Vaudreuil." 
 
 SIR, Camp before Montreal, Sept. 8th, 1760. 
 
 •* In order to fulfil fo much the fooner on my part the exe- 
 cution of the conditions which your Excellency has juft deter- 
 mined 
 
 r- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 mined to accept. I would propofe that you lliould fign the 
 articles which I fcnt yefterday to your Excellency ; and that 
 you would fend them back to me by Major Abcrcrombic, that 
 a duplicate may be made of them immediately, which I fliall 
 fign and fend to your Excellency. 
 
 I repeat here the aflurances of the defire I have to procure 
 to your Excellency, and to the officers and troops under vour 
 command, all poITible convenience and prote*5tion ; for which 
 purpofc, I reckon that you will judge it proper that I lliould 
 caufc pofTcfllon to be taken of the gates, and place guards 
 immediately after the reciprocal fignature of the capitulation: 
 However, I fliall leave this to your own convenience, fincc I 
 propofe it only with a view of maintaining good order, and to 
 prevent, with the greater certainty, any thing being attempted 
 againft the good faith and the terms of capitulation j in order 
 to which, I iliall give the command of thofe troops to Colonel 
 Haldimand, wlio, I am pcrfuadcd, will be agreeable to you. 
 1 have the honour, &c. 
 
 Jeff. Amherst. 
 
 S I R, Camp before Montreal, Sept. 8th, 1760. 
 
 I have juft fent to your Excellency, by Major Abcrcrombic, 
 a duplicate of the capitulation which you have figned this 
 morning; and in conformity thereto, and to the letters wlucli 
 have pafl'ed between us, I likewife fend Colonel Haldimand to 
 take pollelllon of one of the gates of the town, in order to 
 enforce the obfervation of good order, and prevent diilercnccs 
 on both fides. . . 
 
 I flatter myfclf, that you will have room to be fully fatisfied 
 
 with my choice of the faid Colonel on this occafion. 1 have 
 
 the honour, t<c. 
 
 Jkff. Amherst, 
 
 S f The 
 
 •SJ 
 
 > 
 
 W 
 
 ' y ii 
 
 ! I'jU f I "1 ' . 
 
 flil"i; 
 
 'iiigiifgupiiiiwi 
 
3'4 
 
 1760. 
 
 U — V -J 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The capitulation agreed to in confcqucncc of thcfe letters 
 
 was as follows : . . • r 
 
 Afliclcs of Cap'UnhUion hctiveen bis Excellency General Amherjl^ com^ 
 nuuuler in chief of bis Britannic Majtflys troops and forces in North- 
 ylmerica, and bis Excellency the Marquis de Vaudrcuil, Grand-Croix 
 of the royal and military order of St. Leivis^ governor and lieutenant- 
 general for the King in Canada. 
 
 Article I. Twenty-four hours after the figning of the pre- 
 fcnc capitulation, the Englifli General Ihall caufe the troops 
 of his Britannic Majelly to take pofleflion of the gates of 
 the town of Montreal ; and the Englifli garrifon fhall not 
 come into the place till after the French troops fliall have 
 evacuated it. % 
 
 ylnfifcr. Thc wholc garrifon of Montreal muft lay down their 
 arms, and fhall not fcrvc during the prefent war. Immedi- 
 ately after thc figning of the prefent capitulation, the King's 
 troops fliall take polTcillon of the gates, and Ihall poll the 
 guards nccclTary to preferve good order in the town. 
 
 II. The troops, and the militia, who are in garrifon in thc town 
 of Montreal, fliall go out with all the honours of war, fix 
 pieces of cannon and one mortar, which fliall be put on 
 board thc vcflcl where the Marquis de Vaudreuil fliall em- 
 bark, with ten rounds for each piece. The fame fliall be 
 granted to the garrifon of Trois-Rivieres, as to the honours 
 of war. 
 
 III. Thc troops and militia who are in garrifon in the fort of 
 jacqucs-Carticr, and in thc Illand of St. Helen, and other forts, 
 
 ihall 
 
 ,t > 
 
I.l'i 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fhall be treated in the fame manner, and fhall have the fame 
 honours ; and thefe troop'^ fhall go to Montreal, or Trois-Ri- 
 vieres, or Quebec, to be there embarked for the firft fea-port 
 in France, by the Ihorteft way. The troops who are in our 
 polls, fituared on our frontiers, on the fide of Acadia, at 
 Detroit, Michilimakinac, and other polls, (hall enjoy the 
 fame honours, and be treated in the fame manner. 
 
 Anpwer. All thefe troops are not to ferve during the prefent war, 
 and (hall likewifc lay down their arms. The reft is granted. 
 
 IV. The militia after being come out of the above towns, 
 forts, and polls, (hall return to their homes, without being 
 molefted on any pretence whatever, on account of their 
 having carried arms. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 V. The troops who keep the field, (liall raife their camp, and 
 march, drums beating, with their arms, baggage, and ar- 
 tillery, to join the garrifon of Montreal, and fliall be treat- 
 ed in every refpe<5l the fame. 
 
 Anjiver. Thefe troops, as well as the others, mud lay down 
 their a. ns. 
 
 VI. The fubjecT:s of his Britannic Majefty, and of his Moil; 
 Chriftian Majelly, foldiers, militia, or feamcn, who fliali 
 have dcfcrtcd, or left the fcrvice of their Sovereign, and 
 carried arms in North- America, fliall be, on both fides, par- 
 doned for their crimes ; and (liall be rcfpccftively returned 
 to their country ; if not, each fliall remain where he is, 
 without being fouglit after, or molefted. 
 
 Refused. 
 
 S f a VII. 
 
 1760. 
 
 /I 
 
 ;^i 
 
 11,1 
 
 -*l :> • V 
 
 «1'^'- 
 
 i! I 
 
mt 
 
 5(6 
 
 1760. 
 
 ' '■ f 
 
 HISTORY OF THE * 
 
 VIT. The magazines, the artillery, firelocks, fabrcs, ammuni- 
 tion of war, and in general every thing that belongs to his 
 Molt Chrillian Majefty, as well in the towns of Montreal 
 and Trois-Rivicres, as in the forts and pofls mentioned in the 
 third article, fliall be delivered up, according to exacl in- 
 ventories, to the commiiraries, who fhall be appointed to 
 receive the fame in the name of liis Britannic Majefty. Du- 
 plicates of the faid inventories fliall be given to the Marquis 
 dc Vaudreuil. 
 
 Aiifivn: This is every thing that can be afked on this article. 
 
 Vin. The officers, foldiers, militia, feamen, and even the In- 
 dians, detained on account of their wounds or ficknefs, as 
 well in the hofpital as in private houfes, fliall enjoy the 
 privileges of the cartel, and be treated accordingly. 
 
 Anfii'tr. The fick and wounded fliall be treated the fame as 
 our own people. 
 
 IX. The Englifli General fliall engage to fend back to their 
 own homes the Indians and Morians, who make part of 
 his armies, immediately after the figning of the prefent ca- 
 ]iitulation. And in the mean time, in order to prevent all 
 (lifordcrs on the part of thofe who may not be gone away, 
 the faid General fliall give fafe-guards to fuch perfons as 
 fliall defue them, as well in the town as in the country. 
 
 Anfiver. The firft part refufed. There never has been any 
 crvicltics committed by the Indians of our army ; and good 
 
 order fliall be prcfcrvcd. 
 
 X. His Britannic M.ijcfty's General fliall be anfwerablc for all 
 dilbrdcrs on the part of his troops, and oblige them to pay 
 
 the 
 
 '/' 
 
I 'I 
 
 LATE WAll IN AMERICA. 
 
 the damages they may do, as well in the towns as in the 
 countries. 
 
 Avfivcr. Anfwcrcd by the preceding article. 
 
 XI. The Englilh General Hi ill not oblige tlic Marquis de Vau- 
 (Ircuil to leave the town of Montreal before the and 
 no pcrfon fliall be lodged in his houfe till he is rone. 
 The Chevalier de Levi, commander of the land forces ; the 
 principal ofliccrs and majors of the land forces, and of the 
 colony troop^, ; the engineers, ofTicers of tlie artillery, and 
 commiflary of war, fliall alfo remain at Montreal to the 
 faid day, and fliall keep their lodgings there. The lame 
 fiiall be obferved with regard to M. Bigot, intcndant, the 
 commilTIiries of marine and writers, whom the faid M, 
 Higot fliall have occafion for ; and no perfon fliall be lodged 
 at the intendant's houfe before he Ihall be gone. 
 
 Anfiver. The Marquis de Vaudreuil, and alhhefe gentlemen, 
 fliall be maRerH of their houfes, and fliail embark when the 
 King's fliips fliall be ready to fail for Europe ; and all poflibic 
 convenicncies fhall be granted them. 
 
 XII. The mod convenient vcflTel that can be found fliall be 
 appointed to carry the Marquis de Vaudreuil, by the 
 fliorteft paflage, to the firft fca-port in France. The ne- 
 ceflary accommodations fliall be made for him, the Marquis 
 de Vaudreuil, M. de Rigaud, Governor of Montreal, and the 
 fuiteof this General. This veflcl fhall be properly victualled 
 at the cxpence of his Britannic Majcfty ; and the Marquis dc 
 Vaudreuil fliall take with him his papers, without their 
 being examined, and his equipages, plate, baggage, and all 
 thofe of his fuitc» 
 
 GRANTED}, 
 
 
 '•' Xl.lTf-"*^--"''Tt(r*"' 
 

 li8 
 
 1760. 
 
 0J 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 Granted ; except the archives, which fliall be neceflary for 
 the government of the country. 
 
 XIIT. If before, or after, the embarkation of the Marquis dc 
 Vaudrcuil, news of peace Ihould arrive, and that, by ^..c 
 treaty, Canada fliould remain to his Moll Chriftian Majcfty, 
 the Marquis de Vaudreuil lliall return to Qiicbec or Men- 
 treal, every thing (hall return to its former (late under the 
 dominion of his Moll Chridian Majelly, and the prefcnt ca- 
 pitulation (liall become null and of no c(FecT;. 
 
 Anfivcr. Whatever the King may have done on this fubjcJl, 
 fliall be obeyed. 
 
 XIV. Two fliips fliall be appointed to carry to France the Che- 
 valier de Levi, the principal othcers, and tlie (lafF of the 
 land forces, the engineers, oflicers of artillery, and their 
 fuite. Thefc veflTcls fliall likewifc be victualled, and the nc- 
 celfary accommodations provided in them. The faid of- 
 ficers fliall take with them their papers, without being exa- 
 mined and alfo their equipages and baggage. Such of the 
 faid oflicers as fliall be married, fliall have liberty to take witli 
 them their wives and children, who (hall alfo be vicfluailcd. 
 
 Granted j except that the Marquis dc Vaudreuil, and all the 
 officers of whatever rank they may be, fliall faithfully deliver 
 up to us all the charts and plans of the country. 
 
 XV. A vefTcl Ihall alfo be appointed for the pafTage of M. 
 Bigot, the intendant, witii his fuitc. In which vefR;! tlic 
 proper accommodations fliall be made for him, and the pcr- 
 fons he fliall take with him : he fliall likewife embark witli 
 him his papers, which fliall not be examined, his equipages, 
 
 plate, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 plate, and baggage, and thofc of his fuite. This veflei fliall 
 allb be vidluallcd as before-mentioned. 
 
 Granted, with the fame rcfcrve as in the preceding article. 
 
 XVI. The Englifli General fliall alfo order the neceffary and 
 mod convenient vcflels to carry to France M. dc Longucvil, 
 Governor of Trois-Rivieres, the ftafF of the colony, and the 
 commillary of the marine : They Ihall embark therein their 
 families, lervants, baggage, and equipages ; and they fliall 
 be properly vidiualled during the pafliage, at the expence 
 of his Britannic Majcfty. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XVII. The officers and foldicrs, as well of the land forces, as 
 of the colony, and alfo the marine officers and fcamcn 
 who are in the colony, fliall be likcwife embarked for 
 France, and fufficicnt and convenient veffi:ls fliall be ap- 
 pointed for them. The land and fea officers who fliall be 
 married, fliall take with them their families, and all of 
 them fliall have liberty to embark their fervants and bag- 
 gage. As to the foldicrs and feamen, thofc who arc mar- 
 ried, fliall take with them their wives and children, and all 
 of them fliall embark their havrefacks and baggage. Thefe 
 veflcls fliall be properly and fufficiently vicTiualled at the 
 expence of his Britannic Majefty. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XVIII. The officers, foldicrs, and all the followers of the troops,, 
 who fliall have their baggage in the field, may fend for it 
 before they depart, without any hindrance or moleflation. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 fmJ n 
 
 J'} 
 
 XIX. 
 
H 
 
 330 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 XfX. An hofpital-fl^ip (hall be provided by the Engllfli Gene- 
 ral, for fuch of the wounded and fick officers, foldicrs, and 
 feamcn, as Ihall be in a condition to be carried to France, 
 and iliall likewife be viduallcd at the cxpcncc of his Britan- 
 nic Majefty. 
 
 It fliall be the fame with regard to the other wounded and 
 fick officers, foldicrs, and lailors, as ibon as they Ihall be 
 recovered, they fliall be at liberty to carry with them their 
 wives, children, fcrvants, and baggage ; and the faid fol- 
 dicrs and failors fliall not be folicitcd or forced to enter into 
 the fervice of his Britannic Mdjcfl.y. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XX. A commiflary, and one of the King's writers, fliall be left 
 to take care of the hofpitals, and of whatever may relate to 
 the fervice of his Moft Chriftian Majefty. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XXI. The Engllfli General fliall alfo provide fliips for carrying 
 to France the officers of tlic fiiprcmc council of juftice, police, 
 admiralty, and all other oflicers, having commillions or 
 brevets from his Moll Cliriltian Majefty, for thcni, their fa- 
 milies, fcrvants, and ct|uipagc.s, as well as for the otlicr 
 officers; and the}- fliiill likcwiie be vie^iuillcd at the cxjience 
 of his Britannic Majefty. 1 l.cy fliall, liowcver, be at 
 liberty to ftay in the colony, if ihcy think proper, to fettle 
 their aifairs, or to withdraw to France, whenever they think 
 fit. 
 
 Granted; but if they have papers relating to the govern- 
 ment of the country, they arc to be delivered to us. 
 
 XXH. 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERtCA. 
 
 XXII. If there arc any military officers, whofc affairs flioiiM 
 require their prcfcncc in the colony till next year, they Ihail 
 have liberty to Hay in it, after having obtained the pciniif- 
 fion of the Marquis dc Vaudreuil for that purpofc, and 
 without being reputed prifoncrs of war. 
 
 Anfwcr. All thofe whofe private affairs fliall require their {lay 
 in the country, and who lliall have the Marquis dc Vaudrcuil's 
 leave for fo doing, fliall be allowed to remain till their afl'aivs 
 are fettled. 
 
 XXIII. The commifTary for the king's provifions, fliall be at 
 liberty to ftay in Canada till next year, in order to be enabled 
 to anfwer the debts he has contracted in the colony, on ac- 
 count of what he has furnifhcd ; but if he fliould prefer to 
 go to France this year, he fliall be obliged to leave, till next 
 year, a perfon to tranfadt his bufinefs. This private pcrfon 
 fliall prcferve, and have liberty to carry ofT all his papers, 
 without being infpe<5led. His clerks fliall have leave to ilay 
 in the colony, or go to France -, and in this lafl cafe, a pafTage 
 and fubfiftencc Ihall be allowed them on board the fhips 
 of his Britannic Majefty, for them, their families, and their 
 baggage. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XXIV. The provifions and other kind of florcs which fliall be 
 found in the magazines of the Commiirary, as well in 
 the town of Montreal, and of Trois-Rivieres, as in the coun- 
 try, fliall be preferved to him ; the laid provifions belong- 
 ing to him and not to the king, and he fliall be at liberty to 
 fell them to the French or Englifli. 
 
 521 
 
 i-ro. 
 
 Tt 
 
 Aii/hva: 
 
 h. 
 
 li'K 
 
 „iu.,llt.S^^ ., 
 

 ^l 
 
 [' h J' ii 
 
 17 60. 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 Jiifua: Every thing that is actually in the magazines, del- 
 lined for the life of the troops, is to be delivered to the EngUlli 
 Comniinary for the King's forces. 
 
 XXV. A pAflagc to France (liall likcwifc he granted on board 
 of hi:s MajeUy's fhips, as well as victuals, to fuch ofliccrs of 
 the India Company as Ihall be willing to go thither ; and 
 they ihall take with them their families, fervants, and bag- 
 gage. Tiic chief agent of the faid Company, in cafe he 
 fliould chuie to go to I'rance, fliall be allowed to leave fuch 
 perfon as he Ihall think proper, till next year, to fettle the 
 alTairs of the faid company, and to recover fuch funis as arc 
 due to them. Tlie faid chief agent fhall keep poncffion of 
 all the papers belonging to the faid Company, and they 
 lliall not be liable to infpcdion. 
 
 Granted. ■ . 
 
 XXVI. The faid Company fliall be maintained in the property 
 of the ecarlatines and caftors, which they may have in the 
 town of Montreal ; they fliall not be touched under any pre- 
 tence whatever, and the neccflary facilities fliall be given to 
 the cliief .xgent, to fend this year his callors to France, 
 on board his Britannic Majefly's fliips, paying the freight on 
 the fame footing as the Englifh would pay it. 
 
 Granttd, with regard to what may belong to the Com- 
 pany, or to private perfons ; but if liis Mod Chrhlian Majcfcy 
 has any Ihare in it, that muft become the property of the 
 King. 
 
 XXVII. The free excrcife of the Catholic, Apoflohc, and Ro- 
 man religion, fhall fubUd entire , in fuch manner, that all 
 
 the 
 
 ill I ^i 
 
 u^ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the Rates, and the people of the towns and countries, 
 places and dillant pofts, lliall continue to afTemble in the 
 churches, and to frcciucnt the iacranicnts as heretofore, 
 without being molelled in any manner, dirctftly or indi- 
 reiflly. 
 
 Thefe people fhall be obHgcd, by the Enghfli government, to 
 pay to the priclls, the tithes and all tlie taxes they were 
 ufed to pay under the government of his Moil Chriftian 
 Majcfty. 
 
 Granted, as to the free cxcrcife of their religion. The 
 obligation of paying the tithes to the priefls, will depend on the 
 King's pleafurc. 
 
 XXVIII. The chapter, priclls, curates, and miflionarles, fiiall 
 continue, with an entire liberty, their excrcifc and funcTiions 
 of their cures, in the paridics of the towns and countries. 
 Granted. 
 
 XXIX. The grand vicars, named by the chapter to adminirtcr 
 to the dioccfe during the vacancy of the epifcopal fee, fliall 
 have liberty to dwell in the towns or country pariQies, as 
 they fliall think proper. They lliall at all times be free to 
 vifit the diflercnt pariflies of the dioccfe, with the ordinary 
 ceremonies, and exercife all the jurifdiclion .I..y cxcrcill-.l 
 tmder the Trench dominion. They fliall enjoy the fame 
 rights in cafe of death of the future billion, of which men- 
 tion will be made in the following article. 
 
 Granted, except what regards the follov/ing article. 
 
 XXX. If, by the treaty of peace, Canada fliould remain in the 
 power of his Britannic Majefty, his MoH Chrillian iMajelly 
 
 Tt 2 Ihall 
 
 3=3 
 
 1760. 
 
 i i\ 
 
 rr 
 
 |"^o 
 
t \ 
 
 i^'Vi 
 
 i\ 
 
 176" 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 {hall continue to name the hifliop oF the colony, who fliall 
 always bo of the Roman communion ; and under whole 
 authority the people fliall cxercilc the Roman religion. 
 
 Ri-rusED. 
 
 XXXI. Thebilliop fliall, in caCe of need, cflablifli new parilhcs 
 and provide tor the rebuilding of' his catheilrai and liis 
 cpii'copal palace ; and, in the mean time, he Ihall hive the 
 hbeitv to dwell in the town or pariflies, as he fliall judi;c 
 proper. He iliall have liberty to vilit his diocefe witii the 
 ordin.uy ceremonies, and exereife all the jurifdielion which 
 his prcdecellbr cxerciled under the French dominion, favc 
 that an oath of fidelity, or a proniile to do nothing contrary 
 to his Britannic Majcfty's lervicc, may be required of him. 
 jitif-ivcr. 1 his article is compriled under the foregoing. 
 
 XXXII. The communities of nuns fliall be prcferved in then- 
 conftitutions and privileges; they fliall continue to oblervt 
 their rules ; they fliall be exempted from lodging any mih- 
 tarv, and it fliiiU be forbid to trouble rhcm in their reliq;ious 
 exercifes, or to enter their monalleries: b.i.'oguards fliall even 
 be given them, if they delire them. 
 
 Gran lED. 
 
 XXXIII. The preceding article fliall likcwife be executed with 
 regard to the communities of Jelln:s and Ilecolets, and of 
 the hovife of the priells of vSt. Sulplee at Moiitreal. Thcle 
 laft, and the Jefuits, Ihall prelerve their light to nominate 
 to certain curacies and millions, as heretofore. 
 
 Uehskd till the King's pleafurc be known. 
 
 XXX LV. 
 
 ? 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XXXIV. All the communities, and all the priefts, fhall prc- 
 fervc their moveables, the property and revenues of ihcSeig- 
 iiories, and other eftates whieh they poU'efs in the colony, 
 of what nature ibevcr they may be. And the fame ellates 
 fliall be prcferved in their privileges, rights, honours, and 
 exemptions. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XXXV. If the canons, priefls, miflionaries, the priefls of the 
 feminary of the foreign miflions, and of St. Sulpice, as well 
 as the Jeliiits ami the llecolets, chufe to go to Trance, pai- 
 fagc fliall be granted tlieni in his Britannic Majefly's fhips ; 
 and they fliall all have leave ^o fell, in whole or in parr, 
 the ellates and movcriblcs which they pofTcfs in the colonics, 
 cither to the French or to the Englilh, without the lealt 
 hindrance or obllacle from the Britiih government. 
 
 They may take v;ith them or fend to France, the produce, of 
 what nature foevcr it be, of the faid goods fold, paying the 
 freight, as mentioned in the twenty-fixth article. And fuch 
 of the faid pricfis who chufe to go this year, fliall be victu- 
 alled during the paflage, at the expence of his Britannic 
 Majcdy J and Ihall take with them their baggage. 
 
 Aufii'cr. They fiiall be mailers to difpofe of their ellates, and 
 to fend the produce thereof, as well as their perfons, and all 
 that belongs to them, to France. 
 
 XXXVI, If, by iiK' treaty of peace, Canada remains to his 
 Britannic Majellv, all tiie French, Canadians, Acadians, mer- 
 chants, and other perfons, who chufe to retire to France, 
 fhall have leave to do k\ from the Englifh General, who 
 6 fliali 
 
 325 
 
 1760. 
 
 
 ^1 1 i 
 
* ' 
 
 w 
 
 u 
 
 3^6 
 
 176.7 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 ■iliall procure ihcm a paflligc. And ncvcrihclcfs, if, from this 
 time to that dccifion, any ircnch or Canadian nicrchr.nts, 
 or other pcrfons, Ihall dcUrc to go to France, they fliali Hkc- 
 wilc have leave from the Knghlh General, l^oth the one 
 and the other Ihall take with thetn their families, Icrvants, 
 and baggage. 
 
 Grant I'D. 
 
 XXXVII. The lords of manors, the military and civil oHicers, 
 the Canadians, as well in the towns as in the country, the 
 I-rench fettled or trading in the whole extent of the colony 
 of Canada, and all other perfons whatfoever, Ihall prefervc 
 ilic entire peaceable property and poirefllon of their goods, 
 noble and ignoble, moveable and immoveable, merchan- 
 difes, furs, and other cllccls, even their Ihips ; they Hull 
 not bo touched, nor the lead damage done to them, on any 
 pretence whatfoever. They Ihall have liberty to keep, let, 
 or fell them, as well to the luench as to the Knglilh; to take 
 awav the produce of them in bills of exchange, furs, fpccie, 
 or other returns, wdicncver they fliall judge proper to go 
 to France, paying their freight, as in tlic twenty-lixth ar- 
 ticle. They {hall alfo have the furs which are in the polls 
 above, and which belong to them, and may be on the way 
 to Montreal : And for this purpofe, they Ihall have leave to 
 fend this year, or the next, canoes, fitted out to fetch fuch of 
 the faid furs as Ihall have remained in tiiofe poRs. 
 
 Grant tD, as in the twenty-fixth article. 
 
 XXXVin. All the people who have left Acadia, and who fliall 
 be found in Canada, including the frontiers of C.mada, on 
 the fide of Acadia, fliall have the fame treatment as the 
 Canadians, and fliall enjoy the fame privileges. 
 
 7 j^ftfu'cr. 
 
 ' ' 1 i 
 
fi 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Anfu'cr. The King is to difpofc of his ancient fiibjc(5ls : In the 
 mean time, they fhall enjoy the (amc privilege as the Canadians. 
 
 XXXIX. None of the Canadians, Acadians, or French, who arc 
 now in Canada, and on the frontiers of the colony on the 
 
 . fide of Acadia, Detroit, Michilimakinac, and other places 
 and pods of the countries above, the married and unmarried 
 foldiers remaining in Canada, fliall be carried or tranfported 
 into the Engli(h colonies, or to Old England, and they Ihail 
 not be troubled for having carried arms. 
 
 Granted ; except with regard to the Canadians, 
 
 XL. The Hivages, or Indian allies of his Mod Chridian Majedy, 
 fliall be maintained in the lands they inhabit, if thcv chufe 
 to remain there ; they fliall not be nioleded on any pretence 
 whatfoever, for having carried arms, and fcrvcd his Mod 
 Chridian Majedy. They fliall iiave, as well as the Frcncli, 
 liberty of religion, and fliall keep their midionaric-i. The 
 aJlual vicars-general, and the bilhop, when the epifcopal 
 fee fliall be fdled, fliall have leave to fend to them new mif~ 
 fionaries when they fliall judge it neceflary. 
 Granted ; except the lad article, which has been already 
 
 refufed. 
 
 XLI. The French, Canadians, and Acadians, of what date and 
 condition foevcr, who fliall remain in tlie colony, i\\\\\ woi 
 be forced to take arms againil his Mod Chridi.in Majedy, 
 or his allies, diresTily or indirei5tly, on any occalioii whatfo- 
 ever. The Britilh government fliall only require of tlicni 
 an cxae^ neutrality. 
 
 ul'ij'iver. They become fubjecls of the King. 
 
 327 
 
 1760. 
 
 XLII, 
 
f I 
 
 If: 
 
 \ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 XLII. The French and Canadians fliall continue to be governed 
 according; to the cullom of Paris, and the laws and iifagcs 
 cftabHflicd for this country ; and they fliall not be fubjcc^ to 
 any other imports than thofc that were cftablifhcd under 
 the French dominions. 
 Answered by the preceding articles, and particularly by the 
 
 laft. 
 
 XI-III. The papers of the government fliall remain, without 
 exception, in the power of the Marquis dc Vaudreuil, and 
 fliall go to France with him. Thcfc papers fliall not be exa- 
 mined on any pretence whatfoevcr. 
 
 Granted, with the rcfcrve already made. 
 
 XLIV. The papers of the intcndency, of the oflicers of comp- 
 troller of the marine, of the ancient and new treafurcs, of 
 the King's magazines, of the oflice of the revenues, and 
 forces of St. Maurice, fliall remain in the power of M. Bigott, 
 the intendant, and they fliall be embarked for France in the 
 lame vcllcl with him. Tliefe papers fliall not be examined. 
 Jtif-ivcr. The fame as to this article. 
 
 XLV. The rcgiflcrs, and other papers of the fuprcmc council 
 of Quebec, of the provoil and admiralty of the faid city; 
 thofc of the royal jurifdiclions of Trois-Iliviercs, and of 
 Montreal • thofc of the Seigncural jurifdi*flions of the co- 
 lonv ; the minutes of the a*fl:s of the notaries of th towns 
 and of the countries ; and, in general, the ai5ts, and other 
 papers that may fcrve to prove the eftatcs and fortunes of 
 the citizens, fliall remain in the colony, in the rolls of the 
 jurifdiclions on which thefe papers depend. 
 Granted. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMETlICA. 
 
 XLVI. Tlie inhabitants and merchants (hall enjoy all the pri- 
 vileges of trade under the fame favours and conditions 
 granted to the fubje<5ls of his Britannic Majefty, as well in 
 the countries, as in the interior of the colony. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 329 
 
 1760. 
 
 1(1 
 
 XLVII. The negroes and panis of both fexcs (hall remain, in 
 their quality of (laves, in the po(re(fion of the French and 
 Canadians, to whom they belong ; they (hall be at liberty 
 to keep them in their fervice in the colony, or to fell them ; 
 and they may alfo continue to bring them up in the Roman 
 religion. 
 
 Granted ; except thofe who (hall have been made prifoncrs. 
 
 XLVIII. The Marquis dc Vaudrcuil ; the Gencal and ftaff of- 
 ficers of the land-forces ; the governors and dafl' olliccrs of 
 the di(rerent places of the colony ; the military and civil of- 
 ficers, and all other pcrfons who (hall leave the colony, or 
 who already are abfcnt, (hall have leave to name and appoint 
 attornics to a(5t for them, and in their name, in the admini- 
 firation of their e(Fe(5ts, moveable and immoveable, vmtil 
 the peace: And if, by the treaty between the two crowns, 
 Canada docs not return under the French dominion, thcfc 
 oflicers, or other perfons, or attornics for them, ihall have 
 leave to fell their manors, houfcs, and other ellatcs, their 
 moveables and eflfefts, &c. and to carry away or fend to France 
 the produce, either in bills of exchange, fpecie, furs, or other 
 returns, as is mentioned in the thirty-feventh article. 
 
 Granted, 
 
 Uu 
 
 XLIX. 
 
1 760. 
 
 HI STORY OF THE 
 
 XLIX. Tlic ialuib'tants and other pcrfons who fliall have fuf- 
 fcrcd any damage in their goods, moveable or immoveable, 
 which remained at Q^iebec, imder the faith of the capitu- 
 lation of that city, may make their reprefentations to the 
 Britilh governmenr, who Ihall render them due jullicc 
 againll the perfon to whom it (liall belong. 
 
 Gran TED. 
 
 L. And lall, The pre lent capitiUation fliall be inviolably exe- 
 cuted in all its articles, and hoiu fide on both fides, not- 
 withllanding any infradion, and any other pretence witli 
 regard to preceding capitulations, and without making ufe 
 of rcprifiils. 
 
 Gi'vANTr.D. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 LT. Tlic Englidi General Ihall engage, in cafe any Indians 
 remain after the furrender of this town, to prevent their 
 corning into the tov/ns ; and that they do not, in any man- 
 ner, infult the fid^jevTts of iiis Moll Chritlian Majelly. 
 
 AnJ\vcr, Care iliall be taken, that tlic Indians do not infuk 
 any of the fubjects of his Molt Chrillian Majofty. 
 
 LI I. Tlic troops, and other fubjects of iiis Moll Chriilian M.i- 
 jcily, wlio are to go to France, fliall be embarked, at lateil, 
 tiltecn liays after the figning of the prcfcnt capitulation. 
 
 Answk.rld by the eleventh article. 
 
 LIII. The troops, and other fubjeifls c>{ his Mofl ChriHian M.i- 
 jefty, who are to go to France, fliall remain lodged and en- 
 tampcd in the town of Montreal, and other pofls, wliich iliey 
 iiow occupy, till they fliall be embarked for their departure: 
 
 Pallports, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 PafTports, however, fliall be granted to thofc who fhall want 
 tlicm, for the different places of the colony, to take care of 
 their affairs. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 LIV. All the officers and foldiers of the troops in the fcrvicc of 
 Trance, who arc prifoncrs in New England, and who were 
 taken in Canada, Ihall be font back, as foon as pofliblc, to 
 Trance, where their ranfom or exchange Ihall be treated of, 
 agreeable to the cartel ; and if any of thcfe oflicers have 
 affairs in Canada, they lliall have leave to come there. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 LV, As to the officers <. r the militia, and the Acadians, who 
 are prifoncrs in New England, they fhall be fcnt back to their 
 countries. 
 
 Granted ; except what regards the Acadians. 
 
 Done at Montreal, Sept. 8th, 1760. 
 
 Vaudrkuil. 
 
 Done in the Camp before Montreal, Sept. 8th, 1760. 
 
 Jeff. Amherst. 
 
 Tims have we fecn all Canada furrender, by capitulation, to 
 his Excellency General Amhcrft ; yet, were it not tliat two 
 other armies were in the neighbourhood of Montreal, it is 
 mod probable the Trcncli would have rilkcd the fate of a 
 battle, before they formally parted with their country. They 
 faw it was impoffible to defeat the meafurcs the Englifli Ge- 
 neral had taken to form a juncT:ion with the other armies, in 
 
 U u 2 which 
 
 331 
 
 1760. 
 
 J 
 
 
33- 
 
 hi 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 which cafe he would have been not only much fupcrior to 
 ihcm in numbers, but better provided with ammunition and 
 . warlike llores, to carry on the bufincfs of a fiege, in cafe they 
 Ihut thcmfelvcs up iu Montreal. And this place was, bcfuics, 
 in too dcfcncclcfs a ilatc to fullain a regular attack, with any 
 rcafonable view of protradling the fall of Canada long enough 
 to anfwcr any good purpofe. It was on thcfe principles M. dc 
 Vaudrcuil, no longer lupported by the hopes of l>cing able to 
 prefcrve his government under the dominion of France, capi- 
 tulated with the Commander in Chief of the Britifli forces. 
 Ihit fince General AmhcrlVs plan to reduce Canada compre- 
 hended, as we have faid, his being joined by an army from. 
 Quebec, and another by the Lake Champlain, we mud there- 
 fore give an account of the progrefa of thefe armies to the 
 neighbourhood of Montreal, where we jufl; now mentioned, 
 their being airivcd. . 
 
 The critical arrival of Commodore Swanton before Quebec, 
 by relieving Governor Murray from the dangers with which 
 he was furrounded, gave him an opportunity of purfuing fuch 
 meafurcs as were moil likely to reftorc the troops of his garrifon 
 to their former health and vigour. In Odlober i759» ^^^^ g^"^" 
 rifon of Quebec confdled of upwards of fcven thoufand three 
 hundred cflcclive men; but by the feverity of the enfuing win- 
 ter, and the incredible fatigues incident to a campaign in that 
 feafon of the year, it was, by the month of June 1760, reduced 
 to confidcrably lefs than fix thoufand. Out of thefe, befides, 
 there could not be muflercd more than two thoufand five hun- 
 dred fit for duty. But the return of warm weather, and a good 
 fupply of milk and other fummer rcfrefhments, contributed 
 fo much to the fpeedy recovery of the reft, that Governor Mur- 
 ray 
 
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 '1 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ray now found himfelf in a fituation to comply with the orders 
 of the Commander in Chief, and prepare to join him hefore 
 Montreal, with a corps of two thoufand four hundred and fifty 
 cdetflivc men, ofTicers included, bclides leaving a fullicicnt 
 number to do the garrifon duty of Quebec, and contain the 
 conquered, fliould they attempt any thing againfl it, during 
 his ablcnce. 'llie troops he took with iiim, confiding of 
 detachments from the regiments in garrifon, were formed 
 into [c\cn battalions, and ihefe into two brigades ; the firfl: 
 of which was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Burton, 
 and the fecond by the Honourable Lieutenant Colonel Howe, 
 as brigadiers. The whole, commanded by hi^ifclf in per- 
 fon. 
 
 On the 5th of June, this little army encamped near the town, 
 whilft the fquadron that was to tranfport it, worked up and 
 anchored near the encampment. On the 13th it embarked, 
 and on the 14th failed with a fair wind. The fquadron was 
 commanded by Captain Deane, and confided of 
 
 't' 3" < 'T^s 
 
 The Penzance 
 Diana 
 Porcupine 
 
 Five gallies 
 Four ditto 
 Forty tranfports 
 Twenty-fix boats. 
 
 40 guns 
 
 3« 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 I twenty-pounder each 
 I twelve- pounder each 
 
 ! 1 
 
 \ 
 
 On the 15th, in the morning, the fleet pafled under the can- 
 non of Jaqucs-Cartier ; but without receiving the leaft injury, 
 
 though 
 
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 ii- 
 
 r-G-j. 
 
 II I STORY OF TH E 
 
 il.oueh the Ircnch firccl vcrv briilvlv; and then ancliorccl about 
 a ini!c above Du-1 Liton. Upon tins tlic Fi-cnch abancloncd 
 Juqucs-Carticr, aiul proceeded to Deehambaud, in order to pre- 
 vent the llngUfh pulling any troops on Ihorc at that place. 
 
 Deehambaud i.', a point that ftrctches out into tlic River St. 
 Lawrence, on the nonh-lide, and commands the pals at the 
 Rapids of llichlieu. Mere the French had erecled a battery to 
 ilop the fleet, and likewife fomc redoubts and intrenchments, 
 to prevent a debarkation: however, on the i6th, part ol" the 
 fleet got ihrini^-;h the Rapids, under a heavy Arc from tlie bat- 
 tery, v.liieli proved inelTeclual ; but the wind flackening, the 
 remainder could not follow. By this accident the army was 
 divided, and lay twelve days, part above and part below tlie 
 Rapids, for want of wind fuflicient to enable tlie latter to 
 flem the current. During this interval, Goveriior Murr.iy 
 made it a pradice to land every day feme part of his troops, 
 as well to rcfrelh them, as to flrikc a terror iiuo the inhabi- 
 tants, whom he at the fame lime ini'ormed by a manifello, 
 that fuch of them as diil not deliver up their arms, and take 
 the oaths of allegiance to his Britannic Majelh', Ihould have 
 their houles reduced to allies. One of thefe parties, wliich 
 landed on tlie fonth fliore, furprifed a guard of tlic I'rench 
 commanded by M Martel, who was mortally wounded in this 
 aflair, and taken prifoner. M. Ilartel had diftinguiflicd him- 
 fclf as an excellent parti/an during the whole war. On the 
 27th, the wind fpringing vip in a diredion favourable to that 
 part of the fleet below the Rapids, it came up the river. If 
 the fix French vefTels, which were deflroyed at the fiege of (^le- 
 bcc, liad efenped and been ftationed above the Rapids, it would 
 liave been impoflible for the Englidi to have paflcd them ; and 
 
 Governor 
 
 »;a;jL.'--Bhiw»». ^_,- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Governor Murray would, of courfo, luivc been obliged to 
 carry on bis operations by land. This would have cxpofed 
 liis little army to a very dilagrecablc march, in which the 
 French would have bad m.my advantages over him, from the 
 number of river;; and narrow palFes, which dillinguiib this 
 country from moil others. 
 
 On the Stii of Aiigufl the fleet pafTed Trois-Rivicrcs, vl^ere 
 the French bad tlirown up many intrcnchmonts, and on the 
 iijtb it anchored oppofitc toSorel: here tlie French had likcwile 
 intrenched themfelves, to prevent a jimdion of the troops imdcr 
 Governor Murray with thofe that might come from Lake- 
 Champlain. 
 
 M. Diimar, who bad obferved the fleet fmce its dcpartiu-c 
 from Quebec, with the pickets of the French army, the light 
 cavalry, and a body of Canadians, making in the whole about 
 three thouflmd men, abandoned every poll, one after the other, 
 immediately on the fleet's getting up beyond them ; leaving at 
 Jaques-Cartier but forty men, a imall guard at Dechambaud, 
 and only two hundred at Trois-Rivicrcs. A detachment of 
 three hunilred men bad, indeed, been poflcd at St. Fran^oi"^, 
 with a view to prevent the communication between Governor 
 ^.hl^rav and Britradicr Ilaviland ; but tliev now returned to 
 SoiX'l, where M. IJoiudemaquc commanded a corps of about 
 luur thoufand men, moil of them regulars. 
 
 We left the fleet at anchor oppofitc to Sorel. General Andici il 
 having ordered two regiments from the garrifon of Louil- 
 bourg, to cover the retreat of Governor Murray fromQiicbec, if 
 it fliould become necefPary for him to abandon that place ; and 
 the Governor liaving now received intelligence of their arrival 
 
 5 there, 
 
) 
 
 ■. 
 
 :^fl 
 
 fi 
 
 336 
 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 there, he font for them, and cUfpatched fomc flat-bottomed 
 
 boats to take them in, and thereby accelerate their joining 
 
 him in his prcfcnt ilaiion, where he rclblved to wait their 
 arrival. 
 
 M. dc Levi had now taken upon him the command of the 
 French troops tliat were employed to obfervc the Englifli 
 fleet ; and M. Dumat was ordered to Hcrthier, a village on the 
 north fide of the River St. Lawrence oppofite Sorel, with a view 
 to prevent Governor Murray from making a dcfccnt on the 
 ifland of St. Ignatius ; notwithftanding which all the Englifli 
 troops landed on that ifland, in order that the tranfports might 
 be thoroughly cleaned. 
 
 Governor Murray now dlfpatched a ferjeant with twelve 
 rangers to Colonel Ilaviland, f.o inform him of his ftrength •, 
 but he exaggerated it greatly in fome letters, which the ferjeant 
 was to give up as all he was charged wiih, in cafe he fell inta 
 the hands of the Irench ; the true ftate of things being confined 
 to others concealed between the foals of his Ihoes. He alfo 
 fent a Canadian on the fame errand, but by a rout in which 
 he was certain he could not efcape ; and in his difpatches by 
 liim, he declared his intentions to attack Montreal. The Ca- 
 nadian was taken, as the Governor intended ; and, after being 
 examined by the I'rench commander, hanged up by his orders, 
 as an enemy to liis country. 
 
 On the 17th of Augull, Lord Rollocamc up with the twenty- 
 fccond and fortieth regiments ; but the wind abating, he was 
 obliged to drop anchor about a league from Trois Rivieres. 
 Here lie received a verbal mcfTagc from General Murray by 
 Lieutenant Cocks oF the navy, requefting his lordfliip to make 
 
 all the difi-atch he {.oflibly could to join him. 
 
 Lord 
 3 
 
 \i^ 
 
 MM 
 
I. ATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Lord Rollo had witli him Lieutenant darnicr of the navy, 
 who had been font by Lord Colville, with ;)ropcr inlhiKJtion.i 
 from his lordfhip, to condu'5l tlic tranfports up the River Sr. 
 Lawrence. Oppoiite to Trois-Rivieres, the river is divided into 
 two channels ; the one, immediately imder the cannon of tiiut 
 place ; and the other, out of their reach. General Murray 
 ehofc to take his pafTagc by the latter, notwithllanding his 
 Tnips of war and the artillery, with which the rell of his 
 fleet was provided ; and Lieutenant Garnier intended to ulc it 
 likewife for Lord Hollo's tranfports. Rut jull as he had made 
 the neceflary preparations for that i^urpofe, by diipofuvT his 
 boats on the flioals and lands, the better to lhe\v thcdeep water 
 to the other veirds, Lieutenant Cock came on board Lord 
 Rollo ; and being an older oflicer than Ah-. Garnier, inlilled on 
 taking upon him the command of the lleet, though, as we 
 liave faid before, I\h-. Garnier had been fent by Lord Colville 
 with Lord Rollo, for that cxprcfs purpofe. 
 
 
 J -60. 
 
 Lord Rollo did not think proper to make any oppofition to 
 ^h^ Cock's pretenfions. lie put the tranfports under his di- 
 rciftion, contenting himfelf with faying, '• That Mr. Cock mud 
 abiilc by the confequenees." Mr. Garnier, whofe inflruclions, 
 as we liave already faid, were to go by the channel farthell 
 from Trois-Rivieres, told Lord Rollo he would engage to 
 conduct him in fafety, if he ehofc to follow him; tliat lie 
 (lid not however mean to didatc to his lordlhip, but on liio 
 other hand, could not help owning, that he was appreheniivc 
 feme fatal confequenees mufl attend the artcmpiing the chan- 
 nel under the cannon of the place, cfpecialiy as his lordiliip 
 had none in his lleet to bring againll. tiicm. Rut, noiwithiland- 
 
 X x 
 
 mg 
 

 11 
 
 1760, 
 
 a 
 
 %. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ing all tlicfc tlccliirations, Mr. Cock ftill pcrfiflcil in liis rrfolu- 
 tion to carry ilic tranlports tluouijh that very chaimvl i and 
 Lord Hollo getting into the hcailmoll ihip along with 'Sh. Cock, 
 gave orders tor the fleet to follow t'acm. A hivourahle wind now 
 Springing up. the vellels got under way to attempt the pal- 
 lage. I.ord Hollo having, during the time he lay at anchor, 
 ient feveral parties on liiore to dil'arni the pcai'ants, and oblige 
 them to take the oaths of allegiance, his name by that means 
 became perfec'lly well known to the Canadians, and they 
 had lenfe enough to make the proper ufe of it. As his vcflels 
 were flcmming the current of the river, that which carried his 
 lord(hij) was hailed, and alkcd in Englifli, If Lord Hollo was 
 o\\ board : As the afking of this quedion was not fufpec^ed 
 to proceed from any hoUile defign, it was anfwcred in the 
 alllrmative. Nothing more, however, pafled at that time ; but 
 when the vcflel had got a little higher flie was again 
 hailed, and the fame ipicRion repeated in French, and the 
 fame anfvver given. By this time, the fliip had advanced to 
 within three hundred yards of Trois-Rivieres, when fhe rc- 
 ( eived a ludden faliite of grapc-fliot from the coiutin of a 
 baftion. However, his lord/hip having taken the precaution 
 to fend the foldiers between the decks, none of them received 
 any hurt. When the other tranfports faw Lord Hollo thus 
 fired on, they tacked about, fell down with the flream, and 
 were prcfently out of the reach of the cannon. Hur ^h•. Cock 
 obllinatcly perfiiled in his attempt to get up the river by the 
 channel he was in, in fpite of a brifk fire, not only from the 
 bef(;re-mcntioncd baftion, but from two pieces of cannon 
 placed on an eminence above the town. From the glaring ab- 
 furdity of daring danger in fuch a manner, it may feem very 
 
 cxtraordinarv, 
 
 / • 'ir 
 
 A 
 
 ■M*' 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 extraordinary, that Lord Rollo did not intcrpofc his amhority, 
 and take the navigation, which General Murray had hcfore 
 experienced to be the I'afc one. To lufl'cr a verbal nicflage to 
 fupcrfede a pcrfon, who wae cxprefsly ordered l)y Lord Col- 
 villc to conduct: the tranfports to General Murray, is not to be 
 accounted for. There is no danger that liritilh refolucion 
 ■sviil not chearfully encounter, when it has for its object 
 an apparent advantage : but wantonly to cxpofe the lives 
 of men to fclf-opinion and obflinacy, muflcfTcctually dedroy 
 the very idea of glory. Wiiat rccom pence can be made to 
 a carpenter who loll his arm, to Captain Malcolm, then an 
 cnfign in the twenty-fecond regiment, v/ho loft his leg, in this 
 very extraordinary inllancc of weaknefs on the part of Lcv.-ii 
 Rollo, and of obftinacy in that of Mr. Clock, not to mention .i 
 poor lad who loll his leg likewifc ; but whom the luimaiiity of 
 CJcncral Murray has fincc provided for, by apprcniicing him 
 to a trade, by which he may earn a comfortable living, Dil". 
 obedience to orders is fcarcely ever to be v/arramed ; bur, on 
 thisoccafion. General Murray thought it fo commendable, thu 
 he thanked Major Saintlo for quitting Lord Rollo, anil follow- 
 ing Lieutenant Garnier, who conduen;ed the major's and tiic 
 other tranfports fafe through the channel he had propofcd for 
 the whole fleet. 
 
 M. dc Levi and M. Bourlemaque now quitted their pcfl, 
 and came oppofitc to the fleet ; upon which General Murray 
 ordered part of it, and the troops on boaril, to fall down the 
 river oppofitc to Sorel, where they had been before; a^ tlic in- 
 habitants had taken up arms, and burnt and dcllroycd all the 
 houfes they could. 'Ibis they accordingly did on the ijiil: of 
 Augull, in the face of the troops that M. bourlcmaiiue had 
 left to protctl them. 
 
 339 
 
 17O0. 
 
 i 
 
 vf < 
 
 if' 
 
 i 
 
 Xx 
 
 The 
 
 )-\ 
 
 * 
 
34° 
 
 •f > 
 
 II ISTOU Y OF Til E 
 
 The Canadians u«-ing they could hope for no fccurity a;: infl 
 the arms of the l".n^!;Hni, and (inding ihemlelvcs uii.m ktd 
 ^vhe^e they imagined themfelvcs I'afell, became dilpirii. I tj 
 inch a degree, that they dei'erted in crowds, and delivered up 
 their arms lo General ^hn•ray. 
 
 On the 27tli of Augull, all the licet made (ail, anil anchor- 
 ed in the evening between the lile-'lherelc and the chinch of 
 V.uannes. 1 he General took poll on the illand, with the 
 light infantry, intending to remain there, till he Hiould ic- 
 ceive farther intelligence from General Amherll. In the mean 
 time, as he was but about three leagues and a half from Mon- 
 treal, he ordered hi-; vell'cls to proceed, till they were jud with- 
 out cannon-lhot of that place. 
 
 General Murray, having in view the opening of a communi- 
 cation wi:h C.'eneral Amherll and Colonel Ilaviland, ordered a 
 detachment to dillodgc the enemy at Varannes; and as foon 
 as tliis fcrvicc was performed, landed the red of liis army, 
 and encamped on the Illand of St. Thcrefe. 
 
 On the 7tli of September, Governor Murray ordered hi., 
 troops to rcimbark ; and foon after landed them without op- 
 pofiiion at the lower end of tlu' pariHi of Point-au-Tremble 
 «:n the Illand of Mcntreal. On the Sth, he marched to the 
 I'.orth-cail iiile of tlic city, where lie immediately cn- 
 eanipcd. 
 
 Tl'.e troops ordered to join General AmhcrR bcfuic Mon- 
 treal, b}- the way of Lako-Cliamplain, and under the command 
 ot Colonel Ilaviland, were aflc-mbled at Crown-Point, with *:veiy 
 tiling necellary to facilitate the expedition. They conlnled of 
 
 Four 
 
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 iiid 
 
 I 
 
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 ii 
 
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 11(1 up 
 
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 nicaii 
 
 111 
 
 Moil- 
 
 ll 
 
 with- 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Four companies oi the Royal, making — 300 men 
 
 Seventeenth regiment ~^-m <^)oo 
 
 'I'wcnty-feventh ■- ■ 600 
 
 New-IIamplhire Provincials — — — 2^0 
 
 Uhode-Hlancl Provincials 250 
 
 Mallachufett's Provincials rcoo 
 
 Five companies of Rangers 250 
 
 One company of Indians —— 50 
 
 And a detachment of Koyal artillery. 
 
 On the nth of Augud, they embarked in 
 
 80 ^vllale boats, 
 330 fmall boats, 
 3 row gallies with one cannon each, 
 I radeau witli fix 24 pounders, and 
 I briganiinc. 
 
 On the ifith, ihcy encamped on the left bank of the river 
 Richlieu, a little above the liland-Aux-Noix, where the Colonel 
 creeled three batteries of cannon, and one of mortars, which 
 began to play on the French fort there the 24th of Augufl. In 
 the night of the 27th, M. de Bougainville retired from this 
 illand, leaving behind liima garrifon of thirty men, who were 
 made prifoners. 
 
 Ciolonel Ilaviland, having thus made himfclf m;illcr of the 
 Illand-Aux-Xoi.v, as well as the fort of St. John, advanced to Sr. 
 Therefe, where he encamped ; anil then difpatched an oillccr 
 to General Amherll, and another to General Murray, to ac- 
 (juaint them of his arrival, and the operations wliich had pre- 
 ceded it. 
 
 M. dc 
 
 I, 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 f fii 
 
 A 
 
> / 
 
 m % ii 
 
 t, 
 
 n 4f 
 
 or- 
 1760. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 M. dc Bourlcmaqiic having abandoned Bouquervillc and 
 Longuillc, and retired to the Illand of Montreal, General Mur- 
 r.^v detached Colonel lUirton, with the grenadiers and light 
 infantry, to join Colonel Haviland; or to acT; othcrwifc, as cir- 
 cunillanees ihould require : and, having received a letter by 
 an odicer from Colonel Haviland, he fcnt the fame officer, 
 with Lieutenant Montrefor, to General Amherft, to inform him 
 of his fituation. This officer found General Amherft on the 
 Illc-Aux-Perrots. 
 
 The three armies being now within a fmall march of Mon- 
 treal, and able to form a junction without any dilficulty, they 
 were put in motion on the 7th of September. That of General 
 Amheril approached to within two miles of Montreal ; that of 
 Colonel Haviland quitted the pod on the liland of St. Thercfe ; 
 and, as well as that of Genera.! Murray, diiecled its march to 
 the fame object. 
 
 As foon as General Amhcrfl came within fight of this place, 
 the French, as we have feen, demanded and obtained a cefHi- 
 tion of arms ; but General Murray happening to be ignorant 
 of what paflcd, on account of his being on the other fide of 
 Montreal, proceeded to within oiic mile of the town. Upon this 
 M. de Levi lent an ofliccr to inform General Murray of the 
 ceflation of arms ; but he could not be brought to believe it, till 
 he had the news confirmed by one of his own officers, whom 
 he lent for that purpofe, to General Amherft. He then con- 
 formed iiimlclf to the will of his fuperior in command. 
 
 We cannot difmifs the fubjec^ without obferving, that tlie 
 ariival of three armies, which had fo many obftaclcs to en- 
 tuunrcr irom the enemy, and the principal of which had fo 
 
 great 
 
 ' ii 
 
 i ,i 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 great a round to make to the place where they joined, alniofl 
 ai ihe fame inflant of time, is truly allonifhing. Yet bold and 
 daring, and 'almoll defperatc as the attempt may appear, it 
 mult at the fame time be allowed, that it was the only plan of 
 operations by which the Canadian war could be clfeclually 
 terminated without another campaign. 
 
 General Amherft, immediately after the figning of the caj uu- 
 lation at Montreal, made the neccfUu-y preparations to take pof- 
 fcHion of all the places which the l-'rench (till held in Canada, as 
 cijually included in that atft. Accordingly, on the 13th of 
 September, Major Rogers embarked with a party of two hun- 
 dred rangers, another of the artillery, commanded by Lieute- 
 nant Davis, and Lieutenant Brehem, allhlant engineer, to take 
 poffeflion of Detroit, and the pofls eflablifhed on the upper 
 lakes. He was, befidcs, charged with the delivery of General 
 Amheril's difpaiches to Brigadier General Monckton, who 
 commanded at Fort-Pitt. Thefe difpatches Majoi Rogers foon 
 delivered, and after a llay of only a few hours, to rcfrcfli 
 himfelf and his men, returned to I'rerc|ue-Illc. He then pro- 
 ceeded to the Strcights that join the Lakes Erie and vSt. Claire ; 
 and from thence difpatched Lieutenant Dreliem to M. Beletre, 
 who commanded at Detroit, to actjuaint him with the capitu- 
 L'.tion ; and that he had a letter for him from M. de Vaudrcuil, 
 wiih in(lru(5lions for his condufl on the occafion. Major 
 Rogers, foon after, took poIFellion of the fort in the mmc of 
 his Britannic Majelly, and hoilled upon it the Britidi colours. 
 M. Beletre and the garrifon were ordered to Philadelphia, there 
 10 embark for Old France. 
 
 The feafon was now fo far advanced, tliat the fnow and ice 
 
 rendered it inipradicablc to proceed to i\Uchilimakiaack ; 
 
 7 tlie 
 
 343 
 
 1760. 
 
 S n 
 
 .11 
 
 , » ) 
 
 u 1 1 
 
 y^ 
 
 .1 
 
 eh.iLi 
 
344 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 
 tiic Major, therefore, loft the troops at Detroit, and returned 
 Jiimlclf to Philadelphia. 
 
 The capitulation of Montreal gave to Great Britain the full 
 podellion of Canada. 
 
 I'ngland and France never contended for a greater prize, ex- 
 cept when tci attain the crown of either kingdom was the object 
 of their armaments. 
 
 v\ 
 
 I 
 
 France very juflly valued her colonics, and that at a high 
 rate, a; they were a fourcc from which flic might derive a 
 prodigious quantity of fubfillence and a powerful marine ; the 
 natural coni'cquence of extenilve commerce, and an unlimited 
 lilhcry, in the management of which, the French, perhaps, 
 liave not their equal. The certain profpect of gain would 
 naturally induce people of almoll every denomination to em- 
 bark in this trade; and from this trade, as from its proper 
 nurfery, would arife a number of hardy I'ailors, the fure 
 means of increaling their navy to an eiiuality with that of 
 (ireat Britain. If this Ihoultl ever happen, it recjuires not the 
 fjnrii of prophecy to forctel v/hat mull be the confequence. 
 
 To form an cRimate of the jufl value of this conqucll, wc 
 mud not alone confider v/hat Great Britain has gained by it. 
 What the French might have acquired from ecpialfuccefs, ought 
 to have the greateil weight in the calculation. Had victory 
 inclined to their fide, the Continent, of which the F.nglifli now 
 enjoy the dominion, would, at thi3 time, be obedieiu lo their 
 laVk's ; and thii would ftrengthcn them to fuch a degixv, as to 
 enable them to fcizc on the briii/h illands in the Well Indies. 
 Were they poflL'fled of ihefe, little lels than the total ruin of Circat 
 
 Britain 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Britain miift be the confcqucnce. TIic Continent ot i\onh- 
 America, and the iflands in the Well-Indies, derive from each 
 other a mutual fupport, and a found policy would caufe tlic 
 riches of both ultimately to center in Great Britain. 
 
 If, in a war which has terminated fo honourably to tiiis nation, 
 foldiers merit reward for patiently enduring every fpecics of 
 dillrefs, and encountering every danger wirli ihc mofl ready 
 obedience, Britain never had an army whofe claim to her fa- 
 vour and protection was fo jull as that which ferved in America ; 
 and though fhc had been mortified with repeated accounts of 
 difgraceful checks, her general oflicers, and not her foldiers, 
 were the caufe of them. 
 
 It mud be confelTed, that it was a difficult taflc to furmount 
 the numerous obflacles which obftru(51:cd the bufinefs of every 
 campaign ; but when Britain had a minifter who co ild diftin- 
 guifli abilities, thefe difficulties in fome degree vanifhed. 
 Firmncfs in the commander in chief furmounted every oppo- 
 fition, and the views of General Amhcrft being confined to the 
 acquiring of honour to his mailer's arms, and the putting a 
 fpccdy period to the expcnce and horrors of war, they were 
 happily crowned with that fuccefs, which fuch patriotic and 
 difintcreflcd views, joined to the mofl; irreproachable t onducl, 
 gave evei y Britifli fubje*^ the befl grounded reafons to expect. 
 
 345 
 
 .>) I 
 
 Yy 
 
 THE 
 
., -™ixife^ssaa&E=sass=*sr-- 
 
 mmm 
 
 h* 
 
 f ^ ■ 
 
 i:*)' 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE W A R IN A M E R I C A. 
 
 BOOK IX. 
 
 Siivn^cs ofSorth America troublvfjmc, and again brought to rij,'..ii.- ■ 
 
 Ciiicriil Amherjl Invijlcd iv'uh the order of the B.ith. Pr.pjr.i- 
 
 I'rms to attack Martlnico. Admiral Rodney to command the jlcct 
 
 Sails fir liarbadocs. Armament completed by the arrival of the 
 
 Generals Monekton and Riifane, and Lord Rollo at Barbadoes. ■ 
 
 Sails from theme for Martinico. Landing cffceled in Port-Ro) al 
 
 Bay. Myunt Tortonfon carried ; and iikewife Mount Gamier. 
 
 '//'(■ citadel of Fcrt-Royal capitulates. Mofl of the inhabi- 
 tants of- the [jland fnhmit on terms. Pigeon-IJland fur renders. 
 
 /../ Tritiite reduced. The Governor-general capitulates for the 
 
 ivhijle if and. R.fcciions on the coii^^ue/J of Martinico, IFiir 
 
 declared I'lt-u'ecn Spain and England. Spanif/j regijler f hip brought 
 
 into Martii:ico. 7'/'/ Crenader reduced. < St. Lucia furrenders by 
 
 capitulation. ylrrival of the French feet ojj' Martinico. ^^ 
 
 Admiral Rodney affembles hisjhips to attack it, or cover famaica-y 
 
 L obfr^cd to defif from his difigns to favour afecret expedition ; 
 
 Rein/lrces the Jamaica feet notiuithjlanding. Meafures taken to 
 
 foricard the fecret expedition. The French fjuadron^ commanded by 
 
 M. de Ijf.nac, blocked up in Port-St.-Fran^-ois, in the //land of Hifpa- 
 
 nijla. M. de Jifenac difn.barks the troyps^ and deter/nines to 
 
 ^ )■(.,;.•,.■;/.' /// the harljur. 
 
 TT^ no M the Iccncs v.-hich wc have been iull exhibiting; on 
 
 •fl- ilic Continent ot North America, we are now to i'ol- 
 
 t low 
 
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 /^ /i /^' /•; /^ A" X <' I-: s 
 
 
 ^ |M- fir 
 
 
HISTORY or TIIF LATF. WAU IN MMl'.RICA. 
 
 low the liravc and indcfatlcyahlc aclorf; to others fituaicd 
 under the fcorchin;^ rays of a vertieal I'lin, where tliey are 
 t(i encounter, not only the Frcneli, hut a elhiiat^ extreme- 
 ly inaiifpicious, or rather fatal, to Kin'opcan conlHtiition';. 
 However inured to every danp;cr :in<l difcrels that could 
 await a foldier in a temperate /')nc ; ;he prolpect oF thole 
 pondiar to the torrid, could not hut ap[Kar fullleiently ter- 
 rible: yet the hoj^e of vidory fwallowed up every other con- 
 iulcration, atid (leeled them e(|uall)- againll the fiuy of ih,: 
 ciiemy and the horror of the weather. 
 
 It mufl he owned, indeed, that the complete reduction oi 
 tlie power of fiance on the Continent of North America, had 
 given them fomc fliort rcfpite. Ihu the favagcs in th'e interell 
 of the French flill continued their cruelties, where they could 
 cxcrcife them with impunity. The Cherokees, in particular, 
 and other nations in alliance with them, yet held up the axe 
 ot war. To chadifc this their unprovoked and barharous vio- 
 l.uioa of the mofi folemn treaties, Lieutenant Colonel Grant 
 v,-as ordered a::Tainn: the Cherokees; but tliev i'oon agreed to a 
 pjace. This was tlic only warlike expediiion whicli diflin- 
 guiilicd the year 1761 in North America. Uut General Am- 
 hcril, with the greateft ardour, carried on liis preparations 
 i) embark the partners of his lormer concjuell., lO reap 
 fiefh laurels in the Weil Indies, hi the mean time, (;re.it 
 I'ritain took every opportunity to tellify her grateful ap- 
 luobation of their pall ferviccs. The courage, ptitiencc, anci 
 perfeverance of tlic ioldicrs, dircc'T:cd by General Amhcrfl, had 
 i'uhdued all the enemies of Great Britain oa the Continem ; 
 and her then ever gracious Monarch, Hill liNi\': ia the 
 hearts of hib fuhjeds, tlu)ii^ht proper to rewarl l)i, merit 
 
 V V ^ Nvith 
 
 .047 
 
 I /'■.I. 
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 ■A 
 
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 (lunrttf Nittii 
 

 'f \ 
 
 ,t 
 
 548 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 >7^i- with the banners of chivalry, by creating him a Knight of ihc 
 ' ' ' Bath. 
 
 \ J • 
 
 hi 
 
 The (lifgrace brought on the F.ngUfli arms, by the faint and 
 ill-condu(flcd attempt againfl Martinico in the year 1759, i"" 
 duccd the minifter to fend another .irmament againfl that 
 iiland. Accordingly, about the month of Augufl 1761, the 
 grcatcfl prepar^-tions were begun 10 he made for the execution 
 of ir. 
 
 <.{ 
 
 ' L 
 
 TIic troops, dcdincd for this expedition, were to he afll-mhlcd 
 at Barbadoes, from the lately conquered idand of Belle-lllc, 
 and from North America, as we have already intimated. Sir 
 JclTrey Amherll gave the command of them to Major General 
 iMoncki'on. 
 
 '■J 
 
 The fleet was to be formed of fome fliips from tlic fame 
 placos, and fuch as were already in the WelUhidian feas, to be 
 comnianded by Admiral Rodney. . 
 
 On the icth of OJlobcr lyGr, the Admiral failed from Spit- 
 head in the Marlborough of fixty-eight guns, accompanied 
 by the Vanguard of feventy, the Modefle of fixty-four, the 
 Nottingliam of lixt}% and the Grenada, Thunder, and Bafililk 
 bombs. On the i ith, he was joined oil' Plymouth by the Fou- 
 droyant of eighty gims, and flood immediately for fea. The. 
 Dragon of fcventy-four followed him. In a few days after 
 thefe (hipb luul cleared the channel, they were feparated by a 
 violent gale of vvinil : the Admiral, however, proceeded on. 
 his voyage, and was the firfl to reach Carliile Bay, off Barba- 
 does, v.'here he arrived the 2 2d of November; the Foudroy- 
 
 anr, 
 
ni-mhlcil 
 
 kllc-lllc, 
 
 ted. Sir 
 
 General 
 
 tlic fame 
 eas, to be 
 
 rom Spit- 
 )nipanic(! 
 four, the 
 cl bafililk 
 ■ the Fou- 
 rca. The 
 ays after 
 ited l)v ;i 
 ceded op. 
 A\ I'arba- 
 l-'oudroy- 
 aiu, 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 anr, Modcftc, and Bafdifk came in live days after; and, on tlic 
 lirll of December, the Nottingham and Thunder ; the Van- 
 guard, with the rellof the ileet, joined them on the gth. 
 
 Commodore Sir James Douglas was there already, with four 
 fliips of the line, waiting for General Monckton with tlie 
 troops from North-America. The Admiral, therefore, imme- 
 diately on his arrival, difpatchcd Sir James oil Martinico, with 
 orders to block uptlie harbours of that illand, and prevent tlie 
 throwing of any fuceours into its ports; and, as foon as any 
 Ihips joined him from England, North-America, or elfewherc, 
 he fent tlum to Sir James Douglas on the fame errand. 
 
 The Admiral likcwife hired ten fmall Hoops, and having 
 oniccred and manned them from the fleet, ftationed them in 
 luch a manner, as to prevent any veflel from St. Eudatia deal- 
 ing with provifions into the fmaller ports. Thcfe Hoops being 
 conllructed for the purpofe of running into very flioal water, 
 kept perpetually vifuing every little harbour ; and thereby 
 cfl'eetually completed the blockade. Exprellcs were likewirc 
 difpatchcd to tlie diHcrcnt governors of the Englilli Leeward 
 lllands, ac(iuainting them with the arrival of the armament ; 
 and requeuing from tlicm every allillance in tiieir power to 
 promote the fuccel's of ir. 
 
 In purfuance of this intelligence and rr<iuifition» the govern- 
 ment of l^arbadocs laid an emL\irgo on all the fliipping, to 
 prevent the enemy's receiving intelligence of its real deitina- 
 tion, and raifed five hundred wiiite antl fix hundred black 
 men to reinforce it. The other iflands ap{)eared lukewarm ; 
 and very little addition was received from them. 
 
 Neceflaiy 
 
 349 
 
 1761. 
 
 11 
 
 

 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 4o 
 
 ►^ 
 
 .^> 
 
 
 10 
 
 1.1 
 
 1^118 12.5 
 ■tt iiii 12.2 
 
 ^ as. 12.0 
 
 — u& 
 
 1^ i^ 1^ 
 
 <^ 
 
 V 
 
 <? 
 
 ^>. 
 
 
 / 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Cbrporation 
 
 23 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WiBSTiR.N.Y. MSM 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 '^ 
 

 
/ 
 
 ;5^ 
 
 -6i. 
 
 M 
 
 III STORY or THE 
 
 TS'ccc'flary as it was to keep tlic enemy in the dark with rc- 
 r^ard to ihc intentions and motions of this armament, it was 
 eiiually ncccfliiry to be well inlornied of theirs : Yet this import- 
 ant bulincls fccms, through fome fatality or other, to liave 
 been Ihangely neglcded ; for no accounts liad been procured 
 of the enemy's fituation, full and authentic enough to enable 
 the Admiral to begin his operations as fof/uas he might other- 
 wife have done. To remedy this ncglecfl, he oflered the grcat- 
 cft cncouragcmcr.t to fuch feamenas were fuHiciently (jualilied 
 to fervc as pilots ; and alfo to thofe who knew any thing of tlio 
 interior parts of the llland of Martinieo. Veflels were likewifc 
 employed to found the coalls, and an engineer to make a 
 iurvcy of them ; and, by thefe means, a foimdation was at 
 length laid, on which the Admiral and General might form 
 fomething of a plan for their fublequent conduct. 
 
 lUit ftill, the uncertainty of the anchorage on the coaft of 
 Martinieo, and the eonllant rapidity of the current in confe- 
 (juence of the winds in thofe latitudes blowing perpetually 
 from the i"amc qiiarrer, rendered it impollihlc to prevent io 
 large an armamcnt\i falling to leeward; and the pilots having 
 reprelented this infurmountable di/liculty, together with the 
 impraclieability of working up to windward, tlie Aclmiral 
 (Icrcrminetl to begin his operations by taking podelllon of the 
 weaihermoll port of the llland of Martinieo, from whence hi: 
 could ealily fall on any other place wherever t!ie General and 
 himlelf might liiink proper to attack. In the mean time, 
 it having been repotted, that the troops from North-America 
 were to rendezvous at Guadaloui)e, the Admiral fent frigates to 
 windward to cruize for them, with pofaive orders to tin: 
 commanding ollicer of the convoy to join him in Cailiile I5av, 
 in order to prevent their falling to leeward. 
 
 On 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 On the r4th of Dcccnibci;, the Tcmcrairc of fcvcnty-four 
 guns, and the Atflcon of twenty-eight, came to an anchor ia 
 Ciuliflc Bay, with a ntnnbcr of tranfports, liaving on board 
 General Rufane, with two thoufand two hundred elTe^tivc 
 men from IJelie-Ille. The fleet from North-America, with 
 General Monekton and i'cvcn thoufand foldiers, arrived on the 
 24th. 
 
 
 . h 
 
 It having been determined to take pofTeflion of the neutral 
 llland of Dominica, a detachment was ordered for that pur- 
 pofe, commanded by Lord UoUo, efcorted by a fquadron of 
 four fliips of the line, commanded by Sir James Douglas. In 
 the beginning of June, this armament failed from Gaudaloupc 
 to Dominica, the inhabitants of which furrcndercd, on the 
 promife of protei5lion till the pleafure of the King of IJigland 
 Ihould be known. Part of the above detachment likcwife now 
 arrived from Dominica, under the command of Lord Rollo, 
 whicii completed the armament. 
 
 A few days, however, were Rill ncccflary to water the Hiip:^ 
 lall. arrived, and refrefh the men they brouglu, and make Inch 
 farther difpoiitions f.)r the execution ot tlie intended enter- 
 prize, as could not be finilhed till ull the forces to be enipk)yed 
 in it were aflembled. 
 
 At length, on the 7th of January rjfjj, the whole fleer, con- 
 fining of llxteen fail of the liae, thirteen frigates, three bombs 
 with their tenders, a number of tranfports, and fomc hofiutal 
 Ihips, lailed from 13arbadoc3 in the following order : 
 
 176J 
 
 A Fricat.*. 
 
Il 
 
 If 
 
 . ' 
 
 352 
 
 176a. 
 
 Pc«/3I1CC, 44. 
 
 Rcpulit, 34. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 A Frigate. 
 Dragon, 74. 
 Marlborough, 68. 
 
 Woolwicli, 44. 
 Atilcon, 8 J. 
 
 Grenado, 
 
 ami 
 Tender. 
 
 Thunder, 
 
 and 
 'lender. 
 
 'J'cmplc, 
 
 Klue divilion 
 of tranfports. 
 
 Vanguard, 70. 
 Amazon, 2^->. 
 
 JModcfte, 64. 
 Dcvonniirc, 66. 
 
 llifilifk, 
 a nil 
 Tender. 
 
 Foudroyant, 80. 
 
 Dublin, 74. 
 
 Stag, 34. 
 
 Wiiitc divilion 
 of tranfports. 
 
 Stirling-Caftle, 64. 
 
 Red divifion 
 of tranfports. 
 
 Culloden, 74. 
 
 Nottingham, 60. 
 
 Alcide, 64^ 
 
 Raifonablc, 64. 
 
 Store Ihips. 
 
 Viftuallcrs. 
 Hofpital fhips. 
 Baggage ftiips. 
 
 Norwich, 50. Sutherland, 50. 
 
 Temcrairc, 74. 
 Greyhound, 24. Rofe, 24. 
 
 Lizard, 28. Echo, 28. Levant, 28. 
 
 Crcfcent, 36. 
 
 M' 
 
 ■Ti 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ^X 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 -^'■i 
 
 The land forces on board thefe fliips were, the 
 
 4th Regiment, Major General Durourc, 
 1 5th, Major General Sir Jeffrey Amhcrfl. 
 17th, Major General Monckton. 
 22d, Major General Whitmore. 
 27th, Lieutenant General Lord Blakeney. 
 28th, Major General Townfend. 
 
 3ith, Lieu- 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 jj-th, Lieutenant General Otway. 
 
 3.Sth, Major General Watfon. 
 
 40th, Major General Anniger. 
 
 42(1, General Lord John Murray, two battalions. 
 
 4']d, Major General Talbot. 
 
 4Htli, Major General Webb. 
 
 6oih, Third battalion, Colonel Haviland. 
 
 65th, Colonel Lord Mali>afs. 
 
 6ryth, Major General Colvillc. 
 
 76th, Colonel Rufanc, two battalions. 
 
 77th, The honouruble Colonel Montgomery. 
 
 90th, Lieutenant Colonel Morgan. 
 
 gift, Lieutenant Colonel Vaughan. 
 
 98th, Lieutenant Colonel Grey. 
 locd, Major -Commandant Campbell. 
 And the Barbadocs volunteers, with a detachment of artillery, 
 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ord ; and a brigade of en- 
 gineers commanded by Colonel Mackcllar. , 
 
 As the fleet drew near to Martinico, the Admiral detached 
 five fail of the line, with his flag flying, to lie before Fort-Royal, 
 and as many frigates oflf La Trinite, on the oppofite fide of the 
 illand, with an intention to divide the enemy's force. On 
 the 8th of January, the reft of the fleet and the army arrived 
 ofl" Martinico i and Sir James Douglas, with the fhips under 
 his command, was ordered to deftroy the batteries in St. Ann's 
 Bay ; the fineft and weathcrmofl harbour of the ifland. This 
 fervice he foon ellc^fled, and took poflTeflion of the place, 
 though not without fome lofs. The Raifonablc, through the 
 ignorance of her pilot, though eftecmed the beft acquainted 
 will) that ifland of any pilot in the Weft-Indies, was run on a 
 reef of i jcks, and loft. 
 
 Z z It 
 
 35i 
 
 . '\\\ 
 
 "»! 
 
 n »y 
 
 ^ 
 
554 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 1762. It being now rcprefcntcd to the Admiral ami General, that, 
 
 fince the laft attempt on this illaiul, the enemy lud lb fortified 
 the coall from Point-Negro to l'a8-l'i.v>tte, that it was impollihlc 
 to land an army any where between them ; there arofe a 
 doubt, in condviuence of the alteration in the cireumllances 
 of the illand, if it woiikl not he better to land the troops at 
 rort-St.-Luere in the Bay of St. Ann, and march them over 
 the irthmus toGrofll'-l'ointc, which, with Pigeon-Illand, com- 
 manded the Ibuth ficie of the bay oppofitc to Tort-Royal j as, 
 tiiefc forts once reduced, the fliips of war and tranfporta could 
 anchor in the Bay of I'ort-Royal, and the attack a,^ain(l ilic 
 citadel be carried on from the call fide of the Bay. But the 
 dilliculties with which the tranl'portini; of provifions to the 
 propoled fcene of aclion could not but l)e attended, and the 
 want of frcfh water on that part of the illand, obli.jcd the 
 Admiral and c;v;neral to abandon this dcllgn. 'Ihcy relblvcd, 
 however, to uitcinpc ligeon-lfland ; For this piwpoie, ('om- 
 modore Swanton, with fomc iliips, and the Brigadiers Ilavi- 
 land and Grant with their brigades, .itul tlic liglu infantry 
 imder the conimand of Lieutenant Colonel Scott, were ordered 
 to Ance-Darlet, there to lanil ; and i'rom thence march to the 
 heighcij oppofite to, ar«l commanding rigeon-UlancL 
 
 On tlic icth of January, tlic Dragon, commanded by the 
 Honourable Captain llervey, was ordered into the CJrand-Ancc, 
 v.'hc'.v, in the faiall fpaceof an hour, he dellroyed a verv llronrr 
 fort. He then landed with his marines, and took ponellion 
 ol the battery, which, in aliout two hours, he delivered up to 
 I.i-'iucnant-Coloncl Melville, who had been detached by Briga- 
 dier I laviland with eight hun(hed men to pollels what remained 
 \A' the forr, in order to fecure a retreat, fhould it be found 
 ueccllary to make one. 
 
 On 
 

 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 On the litli, Lieutenant Brown arrived with an cxprcfs from 
 Brigadier Havihmd to General Monckton, informing him, that 
 lie was then polled near Pigcon-llland, within the range ot" 
 the enemy's Ihclls ; but fuKhng the road impafliiblc for the 
 cannon neceffary lor the reduction of that illand, he judged 
 it bell to retire ; and therefore Ihould embark the bri- 
 gades at the Aiice-Darler, and there wait wiili Commodore 
 Swanton for farther orders. The Hglu infantry, while on 
 fliore, were attacked, in one of their excurfions, by three com- 
 panies of grenadiers, fonie free-bootern, negroes, and mulat- 
 focs, which had jialFcd over from Tort-Royal ; but they were 
 lo warmly received, tliat they retreated precipitately, leaving 
 fome dead, bcfides a fcrjeant and three of their grenadiers 
 prilbncrs. 
 
 The Admiral and the General now deteimincd to make a trial 
 on the fouth-flde of the illand, between Point-Negro and Cas- 
 <le Pilotte. They therefore proceeded, with their whole force, 
 to Ance-Darlet, and from thence reconnoitred the coaft. In 
 the mean time, various other movements were made to alarm 
 and fatigue the enemy ; and this had the defned eirc(5l. The 
 continual marches and counter- marches they were obliged to 
 make to oppofe a landing, wore them down fo much as to 
 render them, in Ibmc degree, greater objctfts of pity than 
 terror. 
 
 A place which had the lead appearance of being able to 
 make any great oppolition being at length fixed on to difem- 
 bark the troops at, and from thence commence the opera- 
 tions againft Fort-Royal, every necelFary difpoiition was made 
 for that purpofe. In the night of the 15th of Jaimary, the 
 ^.jvenadicrs were diUributcd on board fome fhips of the line. 
 
 515 
 1762. 
 
 1( 
 
 '( i 
 
 
;/ 
 
 i' 
 
 356 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 i/fii- The more efrc<5tiially to expedite their landing, and to cover it, 
 nine other (hips of the line were ordered to filencc the dif- 
 ferent batteries on the coall. In the niornin^j of the i6ih, the 
 Ihips got under way for the attack, and the Hat-bottomed boats 
 were all ready to take the troops alhorc. About noon, the 
 ions were almoft all filenced-, and, by fix in the evening, near 
 fcven ihoufand men landed. Next morning, a little after day- 
 ligiu, the whole army was difcmbarked, at a fmall creek called 
 Cas-des Navires, with two battalions of marines, without the 
 lofs of a finglc man ; and this at a place which the enemy 
 deemed utterly impracfticabkv 
 
 This fucccfsful difcmbarkation was conducted by Captain 
 Shuldham on the riglit, Commodore Swanton in the center, 
 and Captain Harvey on the left, whilll the fubaltern odlcers 
 and feamcn received tlieir orders with tlie mofl fpirited chear- 
 fulncfs. The army, on landin;^, was fupplicd with fuch ne- 
 celliiries as it was moA immediately in want of; and all the 
 fhips and tranfports anchored, as much in fafety as the coaft 
 would allow. 
 
 .r 
 
 ''iv '' 
 
 This landing was greatly facilitated by the judicious difpo- 
 fition of the Ihips, and the deliberate diredion of their fire, 
 which foon obli;;;cd the enemy to abandon the batteries they 
 had creeled to defend the inlet chofen for this purpofe. Many 
 tiiflicuhlcs however, were ftill to he overcome. Thj regular 
 troops of tlie enemy were not, indeed, very formidable; but 
 the p.iliil.i and mulattoes were numerous, well armed, and 
 neil (killed in the only kind of war which could be carried 
 on in a country like this, though covered with hills, and 
 broken by c;ullics, and every height intrenched, which could 
 theichy be uiade to retard the progrefs of an army. This was 
 
 parficulaily 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 particularly the cafe with regard to the environs of Fort-Royal. 
 Mount-Giirnicr, and Mount-Tortonlon, two very confiderablc 
 eminences, which commanded and (ovcrcd tlic citadel ; fo thar, 
 while there hills were poflTclled by the enemy, no approaches 
 could be carried on againft it; and though there could, and 
 even if taken, it could not be kept. This the French 
 knew full well ; and they, accordingly, did every thing that 
 was necefiary to improve nature by art, in a manner fuitabla 
 to the importance of the ftakc. 
 
 The hills we have been fpeaking of were furroundcd by 
 deep gullies, and thcfe gullies, however diflicult in themfclvcs 
 to pafs, they improved by fuch contrivances, as might make 
 any other than BritKli troops deem them impregnable. The 
 General, by this time, encamped on the heights above Cas-dc- 
 N;ivircs, was therefore obliged to commence his operations by 
 eretfling batteries, as well for his own fecurity as to facilitate* 
 his apprtiaciies agaiiill Mount-Tortonfon and Mount Gamier ; 
 and, at the fame time, made the proper difpofitions to carry- 
 thcni by a coup tie main. Accordingly, on the 24th of January, 
 at break of day, the troops ordered for this fervice advanced 
 to the attack. Brigadier Grant, with the grenadiers, fupported 
 by Lord Rollo's brigade, began it on the out-polls, under a 
 briik fjre from the Englifli batteries : Brigadier Rufanc marched 
 along the Ihore on the right, to fccure the redoubts, which 
 were ereifled on the coatls ; whiKl a ihoui'and fc kmt in flat- 
 bottomed boats rowed upas he advanced: the 1 i-infantry, 
 under the command of Colonel Scott, fupported by Brigadier 
 Walih's brigade, marched on the IcFr, ro gain a plantation, by 
 which they might get round the enemy. The attempt fuc- 
 ceeded in every quarter ; and the enemy's works were, iucccl- 
 fivcly, carried with an irrefillible impetuofuy ; (o that by nine 
 
 o'clock, 
 
 ! 
 
 1.1,: i 
 
 ^- r /I: 
 
I , 
 
 HISTOHY OV Tf! H 
 
 o'clock, the rnglilh troops were in full iitid (juict ponillion oF 
 the rtrong polls and rcdouhts on Motiru-Tortonlon, thoii;';!i 
 tlcfciuk'd l)y a numerous aitillcry. Some* of the enemy fled 
 precipitately into the town, wluli.! others fei/,ed on M'^unt-Ciar- 
 jiier, which, heinj; much higher than Mount-fortonfon, over- 
 loiiked and commanded it. lirig.idicr llaviland, with his hri- 
 pade, two hattalionr, of Highlander.'^', and a corps of ligiit- 
 infantry, commaiuLd hy iMajor I.el.ind, had received orders 
 to crofs the gulley to the lelt of Ihigadier \Valih> attack a body 
 of the enemy poilcd on the opj)iii:ie heiglus, and endeavour i** 
 get on their left. Hy this movojvc'u, it \>ms intended to divide 
 the h)rce of the enemy ; but the extieme dilUvulty of accels, 
 from the number of dangeiDUs palles they h.ul to furmoui'.r, 
 made it late before any eonliderable progrei's could be made 
 in the execution of thcfe orders, though the troops had begun 
 their march by two in the morning. 
 
 The French having thus given way almofl on every fide, 
 Colonel Scott's light-infantry, with lirigadicr VV'allh's brigade, 
 and a detachment of grenadiers, were ordered to a pl.intarion 
 more to tlic left ; upon which Urigaditr llaviland was to hive 
 come down from Moimt-Tortonfon, if he had carried ir . I iiey 
 thove ofF the enemy who were ported there, and pnlTclP d thcm- 
 I'clves of a ven,' advantageour; iituation upon ir, oppofiie Mnant- 
 Oarnier: 1 licy were fupported by Ilaviland's brigade after 
 it had crofled the gullcy -. The grena<liers undrr tlie commatul 
 of Brigadier Grant, and WaUli's brigade, kept po/lefllnn of this 
 laft plantation, which was higher than the full, and commu- 
 nicated with Ilaviland's brigade, while the marines were 
 polled fo as to cover the road between the two plantations. 
 
 On the 25th, batteries were ordered to be cretftcd, with tlie 
 grcaiefl. diligence, againft rort-Koyal ; but the General finding, 
 
 that 
 
 l^U if 
 
 
 •^ *^ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 that it was firft ahfoJutc.y ncccITiry to be maftcr of Mount- 
 Carnicr, he gave orders for the crei^Vion of batteries, as well 
 <o cheek, tliofc of the enemy on iliat poll, wliich greatly 
 tinnoycd his troops, as to faciUtatc his paflageovcr the guUcy. 
 During thcfc preparations, on tlic 27th, about four in tlic 
 afternoon, the enemy's whole force defcended from Moiint- 
 Clarnier, favoured by a fally out of the town. Both made a 
 furious attack on the polls occupied by the light- infantry and 
 Hiigadier Haviland's brigade; but tliey were received with the 
 grcatell fteadinefs, and immediately repulfed ; and the ardour 
 of the Hritilh troops hurrying them forwartl, they pallltl the 
 gidley between Mount-Tortonfon and Mount CJarnier, wiiii the 
 runaways. 
 
 Night was now come on ; but, notwithflanding, M.ijor Le- 
 land moved on to the left with his light-infantry, and meeting 
 no oppofition, continued his rout towards the enemy's ndoiibr, 
 which he i'oon came up to, and tool; polleliion of; the enemy, 
 except a few grenadiers who were made prifoners, having 
 abandoned it. Their regulars retired into the citadel, whilft 
 tlic militia took to the couiury, and difperfed. 
 
 brigadiers Wulfli, Grant, and Ilaviland now advanced to 
 fupport the light-infantry ; and by nine at nigiit, the troops 
 were in pofllllion of Mount-Garnicr, which entirely com- 
 niantled the citadel. So precipitate was the enemy's llighr, 
 that they left a moriar loaded, and eight or nine guns im- 
 fpiked, with a quantity of ammunition and provifions. The 
 next mornin 
 the citadel. 
 
 359 
 
 O' 
 
 the cannon and mortars were turned againll 
 
 1762. 
 
 )\ 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 ^ I] 
 
 The fuddenncfs with which thefe atchievements were per- 
 formed, redoubled the ardour of the troops ; even the obllaclcs 
 5 they 
 
 t .'J 
 
3fto 
 
 |< 
 
 U^ 
 
 ■n 
 
 II ISTO R Y O F Til R 
 
 they had Hill to encounter, /;.ivc fVclh life to their aiH-ivlty. 
 Atcordin^^ly, the wdiI; ncceliary to t;u:y on iheir turtlier 
 uppioachci, was iiiidcriakea and exeeuted, with the niotl 
 chearful alacrity, l-tilly convinced, that eomiuell alone could 
 put a peiiod to their toil, every individual foldier leemc*!, 
 with unremitting zeal, to defy the mort difcouraging hard- 
 ihips, in order to add a new lullretothc Uritilh arms, and join 
 to the never fading; laurels they had acquired in North- America 
 and at Helle-Ille, thofe which mull bloom on the furrender of 
 Martinico. Thus every idea of fatigue and danger was loll lu 
 an inextinguilhablc thirll of glory. 
 
 The enemy feeing the Englifli in pofiTefllon of every height 
 and advantageous fituation in their neighbourhood; their own 
 batteries turned againft themfelves, and new ones hourly 
 added by the tnglifli, began to tremble at the thoughts of 
 another attack : They therefore beat the ehamadc on the third 
 of jauu^uy, and furrendered the citadel of Fort-royal on the 
 following terms, which were figncd the next day, by the Bri- 
 tifli Admiral and General, and Monficur de Ligncry, Governor 
 of the fort, for his Mod Chrillian Majefty. 
 
 Artu LF. I. The commanding officer of the citadel (liall march 
 out at the head of the ganilon, compofed of troops detached 
 from the marine, the royal grenadier?, cannoniers, bom- 
 bardiers, and Swifs ; the diiVerent detachments of the militia 
 and freebooters, and the other volunteers, with the honours 
 of war, drums beating, colours flying, two pieces of can- 
 non, and three rounds of ammunition each. 
 
 Anfiver. The troops of his Moft Chridian Majelly in garrifon, 
 tihall march out with drums beating, colours flying, and two 
 
 , |)icccs 
 
 J 
 
 
 f 
 
 it 
 
 \i 
 
 ( 
 
 * 
 
 .■ 
 
 
 ''"%: 
 
 f 
 
 
 t 
 
 I. 4 
 
 'X 
 
'i 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMEIIICA. 
 
 pieces of cannon, two rounds of ammunition; and Tjiall 
 l)c embarked and icnt to France as foDii as pofliblc, at the 
 cxpcncc of his Hritannic Majcfty. The militia, hcc-bootcrb, 
 and others belonging to the ifland, fliall lay down their 
 arms and be prifoners of war until the fate of it is deter- 
 mined. 
 
 II. The garrifon fliall be fent to the port of Rochfort in I lancc, 
 by the mod fliort and expeditious way, at the cxpencc, and 
 in the fliips of his Rritannic Majefly. 
 
 Anpwer. Anfwcred in the firrt. 
 
 III. The faid garrifon fliall be lodged and maintained in the 
 town of Fort-Royal till their departure, at the cxpence of his 
 Hritannic Majcfty. 
 
 Anpwer. They fliall be maintained at the cxpcncc of his 
 Britannic Majefty, and Hull be embarked as in the firft 
 article. 
 
 
 II 
 
 IV. It fliall be lawful for the oflicers, Creoles, and others, to 
 go into the ifland, and ftay there as long as it fliall be nccef- 
 fary to fettle their aflairs. 
 Anfiver. A reafonable time will be allowed to the oflicers 
 
 to fettle their aflairs, they behaving according to the rules 
 
 of war. 
 
 ' ! 
 
 i 
 
 V. The oflicers and others who have cfl(;cts in the country, 
 Ihall be allowed to keep them. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 Aaa VI, 
 
 
 
 I 
 
1 » : 
 
 » ^ 
 
 36a HISTORY or THE 
 
 176:. VI. The o.Ticcrs /hall t.ikc their fcrvants .ilon^; wiih thcnt. 
 
 C; KAN I- ED. 
 
 VII. The militia and other inhabitants, that now make pirt of 
 the laid garrifon, may retire to ilieir homes, wiui tiielr i'cr- 
 vants likewiie. 
 
 ylnf-u'cr. Anfwercd in the firft article. 
 
 VIII. The vohmtecrs of St. Vincent, who came here to t , 
 fuccour of the place, lliail be furniflied with a boat and 
 provifiDHs to carry them home again, with their ferwiiis, 
 arms, anil baggage, as Ibon as poilible. 
 
 Aiijivcr. To remain prilbners of war. 
 
 IX. The inhabitants, likewife, fliall be fmuiiflicd with '^iil- 
 lops, or boats, to carry them to the diflerent quarters of liiis 
 illand. 
 
 RtKUSKD. 
 
 X. 1 he fick and wounded fliall be removed to tl ' hofpital of 
 this (iiy, to be there taken care of by our ov, • furgeons^ 
 till they are perfetftly recovered ; and the cor iiiilary of 
 his Britaimic Majelly fliall take care to furnilh lem with 
 
 rublitlencc. 
 
 ylnfuicr. They fliall be taken the i!'.mc care of ; our own, 
 and may be attended by their furgeons. 
 
 XI. The faid hofpital fliall take awuy with them their medi- 
 cines, and all their utenfils and elTecls in general. 
 
 Grant LD. 
 
 M 
 
 XII. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XII. The chaplain of the troops (hall be permitted to adminl- 
 fler fpiritual fuccours to the lick, as well as others of the 
 troops, and publicly to bury the dead, without niolellation. 
 Granted. 
 
 XIII. The faid fick, after their recovery, fliull follow the for- 
 tune of their rcrpet?live corps, as well as thofe who Ihall 
 actually be in the hofpitals without the town. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XIV. There fliall be a general inventory taken by commifTi- 
 ries named by each party, of the artillery, ammunition, pro- 
 vifions, and all other cll'ccTis, within the place. 
 
 GUANTEO. 
 
 XV. The Englifli prifoncrs detained in tliis citadel, fliall be 
 exchanged for ours; among others, M. tie Caponnc, major of 
 this citadel and ifland, (hall be included in the exchange, to 
 follow the fortune of the officers of the place. 
 
 Rk FUSED. 
 
 XVI. The efFecls of the officers and men belonging to the royal 
 grenadiers, which were left upon Mount-Garnier, lliall be 
 vcllorcd to them. 
 
 yJii/hcir. It cannot be complied with, as it will be impoffiblc 
 to recover them. 
 
 XVII. Ihe armed free negroes and mulattoes that entered 
 into the citadel, as attendants on the companies of militia, 
 HkiU go out likewife, with the faid companies. 
 
 yJnfiL'ir. They Ihall remain prifoncrs of war until the fate of 
 the ifland it- determined. 
 
 A a a 2 XVIII. 
 
 I-r,2, 
 
 ^. .TtW^-. 
 
ri i 
 
 f . 
 
 ji 
 
 364 
 1762. 
 
 HTSTORY OF THE 
 
 XMir. Three days Ihull be granted for the evacuation of the 
 place; at the end of which time, tlie gate ihall be given up 
 to his Britannic MiijcHy, wliihl the garrifon Ihall march our. 
 
 ylnfiicr. The gate of the fori (hall he given up to the troops 
 of hi"^ Britannic Majelly this evening at live o'clock ; and tlic 
 French garrifon iliall march out at nine to-morrow morning. 
 
 XIX. Before the capitulation is fettled, the commanding ofTiccr 
 of the place fliall be permitted to communicate it to the 
 General ; and, in the mean time, there lliall be a fufpenlion 
 of arms, and all the works Ihall ceafe on both fides. 
 
 ylnfivcr. After tlic capitulation is figncd, and the gate of the 
 fort poireflcd by Britilh troops, the commandant fliall be al- 
 lowed to acquaint his General with it. 
 
 In confequcncc of this capitulation, the gate of the citadel 
 was delivered up to his Britannic Majcfty's troops, the evening 
 of the 4th of February; and, at nine the next morning, the 
 garrifon marched out, confiding of about eight hundred men, 
 grenadiers, marines, militia, and frcc-booters. About one 
 hundred and fifty of the garrifon were killed and wounded 
 during the fiege. la the feveral attacks which preceded it, 
 the enemy had not lefs tlian a thoufand men killed, wounded, 
 and taken prifoncrs. Among the latter were feveral principal 
 officers of the militia who were taken on the 24th of January. 
 The lofs, on the part of the Englilh, was one captain, five lieu- 
 tenants, one cnfign, three ferjeants, and eighty-fix rank and 
 file killed; and one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, eleven 
 captains, fifteen lieutenants, three enfigns, twenty ferjeants, 
 five drunmiers, and three hundred and thirty-two rank and 
 file wounded ; with eleven rank and file mifling. 
 
 The 
 
 Jii < 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The capital of the ifland, St. Pierre, and fomc ftrong redoubts 
 in its neighbourhood, flill remained to be reduced, and the 
 Governor-General, M. de la Touche, having retired to it with his 
 forces, threatened to defend it to the lad extremity. This his 
 feeming rcfolutcnefs produced a general anxiety in the Britifli 
 army, not from any doubt of fucccfs, but from the mod judi- 
 fiable apprchenfions, that, in confe(iuencc of a long ficge, they 
 might be overtaken by ilircafes peculiar to the climate, the 
 malignity of which was much more to be dreaded than the 
 enemy : Rut thefe apprchenfions were greatly a])ated by the ar- 
 rival of deputations from diirerent parts of the illand, with the 
 following re(iuifuion of terms for the furrendcr of all fuch 
 parts of it as were flill poflclled by the inhabitants. 
 
 365 
 
 1762. 
 
 11 
 
 A 
 
 Capitulation cLmandcJ by the inhabltiints of the JJhmd of Marlinico, n- 
 prefcnted by MeJJiairt D'AkJJ'oy Knight, Seigneur Defra^ny La Picric^ 
 Captain of horfcy auJ Fcryre, Caf)tain of infantry of militia, furnifjjcd 
 ivitb full powers from nine quarters of this ifland. 
 
 To their Excellencies K\c[ficurs Monckton and Rodney, Generals by 
 land and fea of his Britannic Maj<fy*s forces. 
 
 Article I. The inhabitants fhall quit their pods with two field- 
 pieces, their arms, colours flying, drums beating, matches 
 lighted, and (hall Iiave all the honours of war. 
 
 Anf-u'cr. The inhabitants fliuU march out of all their garri- 
 fons and pods (none excepted) with their arms and colours- 
 dying, upon condition that they afterwards lay them down ; 
 and that all the forts, garrifons, pods, and batteries of cannon 
 
 2 and; 
 
 I V 
 
 V 
 
 t >'j 
 
iG6 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 'i 
 
 fil 
 
 K ■■< 
 
 H 
 
 l( 
 
 i' 
 
 :l I 
 
 1762. and mortars, with all arms, ammunition, and implements of 
 ' "* war, be delivered to proper pcrfons appointed to receive them. 
 
 II. The inhabitants of the iflands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent, 
 who are come to the alTiftancc of this illand, fliall have the 
 liberty to retire with their arms and baggage, and lli.ill be 
 furnilhcd with a vcflel to carry them to their own illands, 
 whh their fervanis which they have brought with them ; as 
 alfo provifions necellary for their voyage. 
 
 ylnjhcer. They muft remain prlfoners of war, as tiiofc of St. 
 Vincent in the capitulation of lort-Uoyal. 
 
 III. The inhabitants fliall have free excrcife of their religion ; 
 the pricfls, friars, and nuns, fliall be prcferved in their cures 
 and convents ; and it fliall be permitted to the fupcriors of 
 ^he order to fend for any of them from France, d^ livering 
 their letter to his Britannic Majelly's Governor . 
 Granted. 
 
 IV. They fliall be flriclly neuter, and fliul not be obliged to 
 take up arms againit hii Moil Chriflian Majclly, nor even 
 againll any other power. 
 
 /Infxver. They become fubjeJls of his Hritannic Majefty, and 
 mull take tiie oath of allegiance ; but (hall not be obliged to 
 take arms againll his Moll CUrilUan M ijelly, uuiil a peace fliall ' 
 determine the fate of the ifland. 
 
 V. They fliall retain their civil government, their laws, cuf- 
 toms, and ordinances; juflice (hall be adniinillered by the 
 fame oflicers who arc now in employment; and there fliall 
 be a regulation made for the interior police, between the 
 Governor for his Britannic Majedy and the inhabitants -, and, 
 
 in 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 in c.ifc the iilanil, at the peace, fliall be ceded to the King of 
 Great Britain, the iiilial)itaiu;i fliall be allowed to retain their 
 poliiical government, aiul to accept that of Antigua or St. 
 Chrillophcr's. 
 
 Aujhvcr. They become liritilh fubjects (as in the preceding 
 article); but fliall continue to be governed by their prelent: 
 laws, until his Majcfly's pleal'ure be known. 
 
 VI. The inhabitant", as alfo the religious orders of both fexcs, 
 fliall be maintained in tlie property of their eflecfts, move- 
 able and immoveable, of what nature foever ; and fliall be 
 preferved in their privileges, rights, honours, and exemp- 
 tions ; their free negroes and niulattoes fliall have the entire 
 enjoyment of their liberty. 
 
 GnANTRD, in regard to tlie religious orders; the inhabitants, 
 being fubjecls of Great Britain, will enjoy tlieir properties, 
 and the fame privilogci, as in the odicr liis Majcily'b Lecv/ard- 
 lllando. 
 
 VII. They fliall not pay to his Majelly any other duties than 
 tliofe which have bten paid hitherto to his Moll Chrillian 
 Majelly ; and the capitation of negroes, on the fame footing 
 it is paid at prefent, v/ithout any other charges or impolls ; 
 and the expcnces of jnllicc, penfions to curates, and other 
 
 ■occaiional expcnces, fliall be paid out of the domain of his 
 Britannic Majelly, as they were out of that of his Moll Ciiri- 
 flian Majelly. 
 
 Answerico in the fixth aniclc in wliat regards the inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 VIII. and IX. The prifoncrs taken during the ficgc, fluiil be 
 rcftored oa both lides ; the free mulattoes, as well as the 
 
 negroes, 
 
 3C7 
 
 1762. 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 
 ii I' 
 
 
\ i 
 
 ). 
 
 ^ 
 
 3^8 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY or THE 
 
 negroes, which (hall have been taken, fluill be reftorcd as 
 piilbners of war, and fliall not be treated as Haves. 
 
 Anjkvcr. The inhabitants and mvilattocs, now priloners, will 
 become Britifli lubjccts, upon the iubmiflion of the whole 
 illand, and will enjoy the benefit of it. The negroes who have 
 been taken in arms, arc dccnicd Haves. 
 
 X. The fubjc,5ls of Great Britain, who have taken refuge in 
 the illand for crimes, or been condemned to puninmicnts, 
 fliall have liberty of retiring. 
 
 Refi'si p. 
 
 XI. No others than the inhabitants, refulent in this ifland, 
 ihall, till the peace, poflcfs any elhites in it, cither by actjui- 
 fition, agreement, or otherwifc ; but in cafe, at the peace, 
 the country ihall be ceded to the King of Great Britain, then 
 it (hall be allowed the inhabitants who arc not willing to 
 become his fubjetfls, to fell their eSlates, moveable and im- 
 moveable, to whom they pleafe, and retire where they (hall 
 think proper ; in which cafe, they (hall be allowed conve- 
 nient time. 
 
 Anfiver. All fubjeds of Great Britain may pofll'fs any lands 
 or houfes by purchafe. The remainder of this article granted, 
 provided they fell to Britifli fubje<5ls. 
 
 XII. In cafe any exchanges (hall be thought of at the peace, 
 their Mod Chriftian and Britannic Majellies arc intrcated to 
 give the preference to this ifland. 
 
 Anfiver. This will depend upon his Britannic Majcfty's 
 plcafure. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 W 
 
 w. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 XIII. The inhabitants fhall have liberty of retiring; tliat is, 
 of lending their children to France for their education ; the 
 wives of officers and others out of the iiland, fliall have 
 liberty to retire with their eflecfls, and the number of fcr- 
 vants fuitable to their rank. 
 
 Anfivcr. The liberty of fending their children to France to be 
 educated, depends upon the King's pleafure. The rcrt granted. 
 
 XIV. The Covernnient fliall procure for the inhabitantr, vciu 
 for their connnodities, which fliall be looked upon ar. na- 
 tional commodities, and of confc(iucncc fliall have entry in 
 England. 
 
 GuANTKD; the illand producing nothing but what may be 
 imported into England. 
 
 XV. The inhabitants fliall not be obliged to find quarters for 
 the troops, or to do any works on the fortifications. 
 
 ylnfu'cr. The inhabitants muft furnilli barracks or quarters 
 for the King's troops in the fevcral diRricts of the iiland. 
 
 XVI. The widows, and others abfent through ficknefs, wlio 
 fliall not have figned the capitulation, fliall have a fixed 
 time for doing it. 
 
 Granted, on condition they fign it in one month from this 
 date. 
 
 XVII. Vcflels fliall be granted to the frcc-bootcrj and others, 
 who have no eflects m this country, and are willing to leave 
 it, to retire. 
 
 Gr.'vntkd, to go to France ; but no where elfc. 
 
 5^ 
 
 f^9 
 1762. 
 
 M 
 
 (' 
 
 l^bb 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 is *'1 
 

 HISTORY or THE 
 
 XVIII. It Ihall be permitted to give freedom to negroc and 
 nuilattoc ilaves, as a recompcnfe for their good ferviccs, ac- 
 cording; to cuftoni. 
 
 Granted to icrvanis. 
 
 .XIX. The inhabitants and merchants fliall enjoy all their pri- 
 vileges of comnicrcc, as the fubjed^s of Great Britain. 
 
 Gram ID; lb thni it docs not afl'cct the privileges of par- 
 ticular conipanic^^ cflablifhcd in Enghmd, or the laws of the 
 kingdom, which prohibit the carrying on trade in other tlian 
 
 I'.ritilli bottoms. 
 
 XX 
 
 It ih.xW always be permitted to the inhabitants to continue 
 to make white and clayed fugar, as they have been ufed 
 to do. 
 
 Gj\ ANTED ; they paying duty in proportion to their fupcrior 
 value, in point ot" quality, above the Mufcavado fugar. 
 
 XXI. The fca-vciTels, as well (hips as boats or fchooners, whicii 
 are funk or afloat, and which have not been taken, fliall 
 remain to their owners. 
 
 Rkfcskd to all privateers and (hips trading to diflant parts: 
 Granted to fuch as are employed in palling to and from the 
 dillerent ports of the illand. 
 
 XXII. The money, which is now made ufe of, fliall remain 
 upon the fame footing, without being fufceptiblc of either 
 augmentation or diminution. 
 
 (D'Allasso.) (Lapif-Re.) (Doriknthrsack for 
 
 (J. Ferriere.) (Malboix.) DoRiENF Hjbeut ami 
 
 Dor I en t C a m p ag n e.) 
 
 Demanded, 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Demanded, all archives and papers, which may be nccefll^iry 
 or relative to the government of the ifland, to be faithfully 
 given up. Leave is granted to the gentlemen of the illand to 
 keep ncceflary arms for the defence of their plantations. 
 
 UOBT. MONCKTON. 
 
 C. B. Rodney. 
 
 Settled, agreed, and clofcd by us, the deputies, rcprcfcnta- 
 tivcs, and bearers of the powers from the major-part of 
 the (piartcrs compofuig this colony, in the city of Fort- 
 Royal, Martinico, this 7th day of Icbruary, lyGi. 
 
 37» 
 
 D'Al LASSO. 
 
 J. 1'errierf. 
 
 La PIE RE. 
 
 Rout. Monckton, 
 G. B. Rodney. 
 
 Deputies, (DORIENTERSACK.) (BeRLAND.) (MaUBOIX.) 
 
 Pigeon-Ifland furrendcrcd the fame day this capitulation 
 was figncd, and on the fame terms with Fort-Royal, the allow- 
 ance of cannon to the garrifon only excepted. 
 
 It was now thought neccfTary to reduce the north-fide of the 
 ifl.uul, were it only to cut oiT all relief from St. Pierre's, and 
 the great rctloubts in its nciglihourhooil, wlicrc, as v/c liavc 
 already ohfcrved, ISlonficur dc la Touchc luul collcclcd his 
 whole ftrength, and threatened a long and vigorous (lefcncc. 
 With this view, therefore, the General g;ivc order., for attack- 
 ing La Trinitc, the principal port antl town in tluu tjuartcr; 
 and, accordingly, on the 7ih of February, the Honourable 
 Captain Ilcrvcy, with the Dragon, and fcvcral otiicrfliips, iiim- 
 felf in the Dragon with a diflinguifliing pendant, failed tor la 
 Trinitc, where they arrived on the fjth ; lande<l Captain Ilcrvcys 
 
 B b b 3 marines, 
 
 1761!. 
 
 if • 
 
 tl 
 
 A 
 
 iri 
 
 
 1* ii 
 
 » 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 s> 
 
I 
 
 '1 
 
 
 ft m^ 
 
 
 y 
 
 176;. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 marine?, with five hundred Icamcn; took poflcllionof the fort 
 and tlic town ; and obliged the inhabitants of the kvcn dilh icls 
 of that coaft to confuU their own intcrell by figning the capitu- 
 lation, which had been granted thofe of the Ibuth-fidc of the 
 illand. Ten days after, Captain Hervcy delivered over thcfc 
 (lirtiUts in perfect trau'iuiUity, to Lieutenant-Colonel Graham, 
 who hatl been lent h\ the Cencral to take upon him the 
 government of them. 
 
 In the mean time, the preparations more immediately rcqui- 
 i'.:\2 for the reduJlion of St. Pierre, were carried on witli fuch 
 vigour, that every thing was ready for that purpofc by the time 
 Captain Hervcy fi-.ilcd againil La Trinitc. But while the Ge- 
 neral was marching towards it, Monficur dc la Touchc deter- 
 mined, probably by the fucccfs of Captain Hervcy, fent his 
 brother and a general oHicer, on board the iMarllxn-ough, w'nh 
 the followin;; ilea;! •. of a c;ipituIation, whieh being agieed to, 
 *t. Pierre and the whole illand of Martinieo, were formally fur- 
 renuered up to his Britannic Majelly's forces, on the 13th of 
 lebruary. 
 
 Cr.'ilul.ilr.n propofd fjr the ivh'jk IJImuI of MartlnicOy on the J\irt of 
 M. !c Viijji- dc la 'louche, the Governor-General. 
 
 pRi r.iMivARY Artici.p. A fufpcnfion of arms flial! be agreed 
 on for fifteen da}s; at the expiration of whicli, the following 
 capitulation fliall take place, if no fuccour arrives. 
 
 Jlnfiir. Twtnty-i'oiu- hom's will be allowed the General to 
 accede to tlie terms oOcrcd, from the lime Meflis. dc bournan 
 and lie la Touehe ihall be fet on fliore at St. Pierre ; and if 
 accepted, the troops of his Britannic Majelly fliali be immedi- 
 ately 
 
 
[f the fort 
 In dirtria.s 
 lie capitii- 
 Idc of the 
 n-cr thcfo 
 Gnihani, 
 Iiiiii the 
 
 dy rcqui- 
 
 witli Aicli 
 
 y tlic time 
 
 c the Gc- 
 
 clie (Ictcr- 
 
 , fcnt his 
 
 u^li, Avith 
 
 agicecl to, 
 
 inally riu- 
 
 hc 13th Of 
 
 t/jc: puit of 
 
 be agreed 
 following 
 
 General to 
 c IJoiirnan 
 c ; and if 
 z immedi- 
 ately 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ately put in poflcflion of fiicli forts and polls, as his Britannic 
 Majclly's General ihall think fit. 
 
 Articli I. All the forts and pofls of the i/land fliall he evacuated 
 by the troops of hi;; Moll Chrillian Majelly, whether regular or 
 militia, or independent toaipanies of free homers, or livery- 
 fervants ; they ihall march out with four field pieces, their 
 arms, two rounds ptr man, their enfigns or colours flying, 
 dnnns beating, and all the honours of war; after which the 
 faid fort3 fliall be occupied by the troops of his Britannic 
 Majcfly. 
 
 Anfivcr. The troops and inhabitants fliall march out of all 
 their garrifons and polls with their arms, drums beating, 
 colours flying; and the troops to have four pieces of cannon, 
 with two rounds each, and two rounds per man; upon condi- 
 tion that the inhabitants afta-wards lay down their arms ; and 
 that all the forts, garrifons, pofls, and batteries of cannon or 
 monars, with all arms, ammunition, and implements of war, 
 Ihall be delivered up to proper pcrfons appointed by us to 
 receive them. 
 
 II. Tranfport-vcflels lliall be provided, at tlie expcncc of iii- 
 Bi itannic Majefly, fufliciently victualled, to carry to the Gre- 
 nades the above-mentioned regular troops, and their olflcers 
 and commanders, with the four pieces of cannon, arms, 
 baggage ; and, in general, all the eflecls of the faid oilicijiv; 
 anil troops. 
 
 Gkanti n ; to France only. 
 
 III. M. Rouillc, Governor of Martinico, the King's Lieutenants 
 of the faid ifland, the ofliccrs of the flalT, engineers and fub-- 
 
 engineers* 
 
 »73 
 
 1762. 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 k 
 
• , 
 
 37-t 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 engineers, fliall return to France in the veflcls, and at the 
 charge of his Britannic Majelly. 
 
 (Iran TED. 
 
 IV. There (hall, in like manner, be provided, at the charge of 
 his Britannic Majelly, a velTcl and the neceffary vidualling, 
 to carry to the Grenades M. le Vaflbr de la Touche, Com- 
 mandant-General for his Moft Chrillian Majeily of the 
 1 rench Leeward lilands in America, his lady, and all perfons 
 with him engaged in the king's fcrvicc, or belonging to his 
 houfchold, and all their cflcc^«;. 
 
 Granted, to France, the Grenades being blocked up. 
 
 V. M. dc Rochcmorc, infpciflorof the fortifications and artillery 
 in this iiland, (hall, in like manner, be conveyed to the 
 Grenades in the fame fliips with the perfons in his retinue 
 engaged in the fcrvicc of the King, their domcflics, and 
 their efTcc^s. 
 
 Granttd, to France. 
 
 VI. There fliall be made by twt? commi/Tarics, who fliall be 
 named for that purpofe, one of each nation, an exad inven- 
 tory of all the effects, which Ihall be found to belong to his 
 Moil Chrillian Majelly in the arfenals, in the magazines, 
 upon the batteries ; and, in general, of all the arms, utenfils. 
 and ammunitions of war, to be deliveied up to the com- 
 manding ollicerof his Britannic Majefty. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 VII. Merchandizes, not being arms nor ammunitions of war, 
 which may be found lodged in the faid magazines, or upon 
 
 7 tlie 
 
 p iBl i l l J Uji i p jB fcM 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 the faitl batteries, fliall not be made a partof tlic fa'ul inventory, 
 unlefs it be in order to their being relloreil to the true owners. 
 Aiifiver. All niihtary (lore?;, and others employed as Inch, 
 become his Hritannic Majefty 6. 
 
 VIII. All the prifoneis made du. n^ the liege, or at fea, before 
 the fiege, of whatever n irion and <|u:ility, lh;ill he rcftored 
 on either fide ; and thofe made in the citadel, it' they be 
 troops, fliall follow the fortune of the other troops ; and if inha- 
 bitants, they fliall follow the fortune of the other inhabitants. 
 
 Ati/it'ir. The troops, according to the cartel ; the inhabitants 
 will be releafed upon the figning of this capitulation. 
 
 IX. The free-negroes and mulattoes made prifoners of war, 
 fliall be treated as fiich, and reflored, like tiie other pri' 
 foncrs, in order to their continuing to enjoy their liberties. 
 
 Anfiver. All negroes taken in arms arc deemed flaves. The 
 rcll granted. 
 
 X. The Sieurs Nadau Dutreil, do la Pottcrie, andCornctte, pri- 
 foners of ftate, fliall be likewifc conducted, at the cxpcnce, 
 and in the fliips of his Britannic Maielly, to the liland of tlie 
 Grenades, to be delivered into the hands of IM. le Vallor de- 
 la Tou'jhe. 
 
 ^Infiver. Meflieurs de la Pottcrie and Corncttc, fliall be deli- 
 vered up when taken ; but M. Nadau having had our proniife, 
 (immediately upon his being made priloner) to procure liin'. 
 a reafonable time to fettle his all'airs, he has three months,, 
 from the date hereof, ior that purpofe. 
 
 XI. The Uland of Martinlco fluiU remain in tlie hands of IiI'-, 
 Britannic Majefly, till fuch time as its condition fliall have 
 
 been 
 
 375 
 
 1 :6a. 
 
 w 
 
 /I 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 i-6j. 
 
 I . 
 
 been (Ictcimincd, by treaty made between the two power'?, 
 without tlie inhabitants being eompcllcd, in any cafe, to 
 take up arms, cither againft the king of France, or n^,^ain(l 
 his allies, or even againll any other power. 
 
 .bt/hiur. They become rubjecls oF his r)riiannic Majcily, and 
 nuill take the oaths of allegiance ; but flnll not be obliged to 
 take up arms againll his Moll Chridian Majcily, until a peace 
 Ihall determine the fate of the ifland. 
 
 \f 
 
 I ■ 
 
 XU. All the inhabitants of Martinico, cither prefent or abfenr, 
 even thoie that arc engaged in his Moi^ Chriliian Majefly's 
 fervice, as well as all religious houfes and communities, 
 Ihall be maintained and prefcrved in tlic poflellion and pro- 
 perty of their real and perfonal eftaies, of their negroes, 
 Ihipping, and generally o( all their cfleds, whether the faid 
 real and peiTonal eilates and eiTccls be actually in Martinico 
 or in any other illand; and the ilaves, \vhich have been taken 
 from them during the fiege, Ihall be rellorcd to them. 
 
 ylnfivcr. The inhabitants, as well as the religious orders, will 
 enjoy their properties ; and, as they become Britifli fubjecls, 
 they will enjoy the i'ame privileges as in his Majcfty's other 
 Leeward hlands. hi regard to the flavcs, anfwercd in the 
 ninth article. 
 
 W 
 
 XIII. The boats, or other vcfTels belonging to Martinico, which 
 are actually out at fea, or in neutral ports, wliMJier they arc 
 tcjuipped for war or not, fliall be permitted to retiu-n into 
 the ports and roads of this illand, upon the declaration to be 
 made by the owners thereof, of tlieir intending to fend them 
 immediate orders to return, and upon their giving perfonal 
 fccurit}-, that the faitl veflels fhall make no attempt upon 
 
 any 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 any Englifli fliip : In confulcration of which declaration, 
 pallports Ihall be granted them, that they may return in all 
 fccurity. 
 
 Refistd ; as foreign to the capitulation ; but any applica- 
 tions which may afterwards be made on this head, fliall be 
 confidcred according to the rules of jullice and of war. 
 
 XIV. The inhabitants of Martinico lliall freely and publicly 
 cxercifc their religion ; the priefts, friars, and nuns, fliall be 
 maintained in the public cxercife of their funiHiions, and in 
 the enjoyment of their privileges, prerogatives, and exemp- 
 tions. 
 
 Gran rr.D. 
 
 XV. The fupcrlor as well as inferior judges, fliall likewife be 
 maintained in their fun(51:ions, privileges, and prerogatives ; 
 they fliall continue to adminifler jullice to the inhabitants 
 of this iiland, according to the laws, ordinances, cufloms, 
 and ufages, which have been followed hitherto. No fo- 
 reigner fliall be allowed to fit in the council as a judge: 13ut, 
 if any place in the magiftracy becomes vacant, the fuperior 
 council of Martinico fliall difpofc of it, provifionally only, 
 and the perion chofen by them, fliall perform the duties of 
 it, till the one or the other of the two courts fliall otherwife 
 fettle it, after that the condition of Martinico fliall have been 
 iixed by a treaty between them. 
 
 ylujkvtr. They become Britifli fubjedts j but fliall continue to 
 be governed by their prefent laws, until his Majefty's pleafurc 
 be known. 
 
 XVI. M. le Baron dTIuart, commanding the troops and militia 
 of this iiland, as well as M. de Bouran, Major-Ceneral, fliall 
 
 C c c be 
 
 377 
 
 1-62. 
 
 iJ 
 
 i , 
 
 w 
 
 '1 / 
 
 TjiB>ji ' ii*#i!i|'ii'il)i>»iuiii Willi f^'" 
 
( 
 
 I , 
 
 i 
 
 37R HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1762. be conveyed to the Grenades in the fame veffcl in which the 
 
 royal grenadiers are to be embarked, togetlier Avith their 
 domcflics and ellet^s, as well as thofc of all the ofTicers of 
 the fame corps : The faid oflicers fliall have leave to collect 
 together their cffeds, which are difperfed in divers parts of 
 the ifland, and the neceffary time for the recovery of them 
 fliall be allowed them. Orders ihall be given to the inh;'.bi- 
 tants, that are indebted to the oflicers of this corps, to pay 
 them before their departure. The officers fliall likewife be 
 bound to difcharge the debts they have conrrat'^ed in this 
 illand. 
 
 Anjkver. They fhall be fcnt to France. The refl granted. 
 
 XVII. All the land and fea-ofhcers who are in the ifland, cither 
 on acT;ual duty, or with leave, fliall have a year's time to 
 fettle all the affairs they may have there. 
 
 Jlufivcr. A proper time will be allowed to fuch as have cflates 
 upon the illand, with the ufual reflricflions ; and fuch as fliall 
 have M. dc la Touclie the Governor-General's leave. 
 
 XVIII. The nobility fliall continue to enjoy all the privileges 
 and exemptions which have been always granted them. 
 
 CJkantf.d J fo that it is not inconfident with the Britifli laws. 
 
 XIX. The flavcs that have been made free during the fiege, or 
 to whom their freedom has been promifed, fliall be reputed 
 and declared free, and they fliall peaceably enjoy their flatc 
 of freedom. 
 
 Grantid. 
 
 XX. The duties of the poll-tax, thofc of importation and export- 
 ation } and, in general, all the duties eflabliflied in this ifland, 
 
 fliall 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ftiall be continued to be paid for the future, on the fiimc 
 footing as heretofore. 
 
 Aiifu'cr. Anfwcred in the ijth article. 
 
 XXI. As it imports the glory and intercll of every prince what- 
 focver, to make it publicly known, that he honours with a 
 fpecial protection the aflion of every fubjetSt which bears the 
 chara(5ter of zeal, love, and loyalty for his king ; it has been 
 agreed, that the things furnifhed to the colony on occafion 
 of the fiege, either before or during the fame ; fuch as pro- 
 vifions, utcnfils, ammunition, arms, or money; fliall continue 
 to be confidered as debts of the colony, juft as they were 
 and ought to be, in its former Ilatc ; confequently, that the 
 amounts of thefe fupplies fliall not ceafe to be reputed as 
 debts of the colony itfelf, and which it mud fatisfy, into 
 whatfoever hands it may pafs, through the fortune of arms : 
 that, confidering the nature and quality of thefe debts, it will 
 add to the dignity of his Britannic Majefly, to graiu the credi- 
 tors all manner of protection ; confequently, they fliall be paid 
 out of the firft funds that fliall arife, as well from the poll-tax 
 as from the duties of importation and exportation on mer- 
 chandizes that are liable to them. To which purpofe, the 
 flate of thefe debts fliall be fettled and verified by M. de la 
 Riviere, intcndant of the American Leeward Iflands. 
 
 Anfivtr. Will be fettled by the generals of both fides, being 
 
 foreign to the caphulation. 
 
 XXII. In virtue of the fame principle, and confidering the 
 ncceflity of Ipcedily bringing provifions into this colony, it 
 has likcwiCc been agreed, that fuch merchants of the town 
 of St. Pierre, as, by orders from the intcndant, M. de la 
 
 C c c a Riviere, 
 
 379 
 1762. 
 
 -^. 
 
 > yJ 
 
r. 
 
 •li 
 
 «■• k) 
 
 I l\\ if^' 
 
 m 
 
 380 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 i7C'2. Riviere, have entered into meafurcs and engagements^ to 
 
 bring over hither proviiums from tlie neutral illands, (hall 
 be permitted to t'uHil their engagements, as well to lave 
 tliem from the lofs they woidd otherwiie lufler, as to procure 
 to this illand a more fpeedy fupply ; confequcntly, two 
 months fliall be granted tliem, from the day of figning thcie 
 prelents, to complete their underta1:ings: But, to avoid all 
 abufes in this relpecl:, M, dc la Riviere Ihall give a note of 
 tlie natiuc and (juantity of the provifions which he has 
 ordered to be procured from the neutral iflands ; and, as he 
 lias promifcd and granted an exemption from all duties on 
 this importation, the laid exemption Ihall take place in the 
 fame manner as it \vas promifed, and as it is a(ftually prac- 
 tifed ; being a profit in which the colony and the merchant 
 have both their Iharc. 
 
 ylii/tvcr. All fupplics whatever, that were engaged to be 
 thrown into this iiland by any neutral power, for the fupport 
 of his Mod Chriftian Majcfty's troops and colon}-, will be 
 deemed legal prizes, if taken by his Britannic Majefly's fhips ; 
 and all engagements with neiural powers for fuch a fupply, 
 made before the redutSlion of this iiland, being void, no com- 
 merce for the futme can be carried on but in Britifh bottoms. 
 
 XXIII. M. le Vanbr de la Touche (liall be allowed five of tlic 
 inhabitants, whom he fhall cauCe to be put on board fucii of 
 the veilLls as are to tranfpoi t his Moll Chridian Majelly's 
 troops. His reafons for this demand are, that it imports all 
 fovereign powers not to grant any protection to any one who 
 breaks through the allegiance and fidelity a fubjeift owes to 
 
 Ills king. 
 
 Mfi 
 
 U'CI . 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Anfwer. Cannot be allowed, as we have already granted them 
 his Briumnic Mujclly's protcdion. 
 
 XXIV. M. dc la Riviere, intcndant, and M. Guignard, commif- 
 fary-comptroUerof the marine in this illand, lliall be allowed 
 time fiiflicicnt to i'ettle all the departments of their relpectivc 
 adminillrations, and do whatever is abfolutcly nccefrary 
 in that refpect. A fliip with provifions Ihall afterwards be 
 furnilhed, at the cxpence of his Britannic Majclty, in order 
 to convey to the Grenades, tlic laid intcndant, his wife, child- 
 ren, fecretaries, and Icrvants, with all their elFects. Ihc 
 laid commillary-comptroUerof the marine Ihall go on board 
 the fame fhip, and be conveyed to the fame illand. 
 
 Granted; afterwards robe fent to France. 
 
 XXV. The pcrfons employed in the adminiflration of the do- 
 mainc, of the marine, the clafles and the finances, who flaali 
 be willing to return to I'rance, Ihall be tranfportcd thither 
 with their eirecTis, in_, the veflels, and at the charge of hi;i 
 Britannic Majelly. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 XXVI. The public records fliall be again forthwirli dcpofired in 
 their proper places ; and the Governor for his Britaimic Ma- 
 jelly Ihall grant all necellary protection for this purpofe. 
 
 Jnfwer. They mufl be deliverctl to fuch perfons as rhc Gene- 
 ral fliall appoint to receive them. 
 
 XXVII. With regard to any papers of accounts, tlicy fliall again 
 be put into the hands of the proper accomptan.s, that they 
 may be enabled to proceed to the rendering of their accounts, 
 
 and 
 
 1762. 
 
 \ 4 
 
 I 
 
I! i 
 
 li 
 
 M' 
 
 582 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1762. and to vouch thcni by fiith pieces as arc ncccflhry for their 
 
 (lilduirgc. 
 
 Gkantid. 
 
 XXVIII. The inliabitants, merchants, and otiicr private pcrfons, 
 rcfidcnt or not, Ihall have leave to go to St. Domingo or 
 Louiliana, with their negroes and cfl'ecls, in cartel iliips, at 
 their own cxpence. 
 
 Gran rrn. 
 
 XXIX. If any of the grenadier foldicrs fliould endeavour to 
 remain in the iiland, or to fly their colours, a protection and 
 guard Ihall be granted to prevent their deferting, and what 
 remains of the faid grenadiers Ihall be embarked complete. 
 
 Grantld; except in particular cafes. 
 
 XXX. The merchant-fliips belonging to the French traders in 
 Europe, which are at this time in the harbours and roads of 
 this iiland, Ihall be prefcrvcd to their true proprietors, with 
 the liberty of felling them, or of clearing them for Franco 
 in ballaft. 
 Refused to all privateers and fhips trading to diftant ports. 
 
 Granted to fuch as trade to and from the difTcrent ports of this 
 ifland. 
 
 At Martinico, February 131]!, 1762. 
 
 Le Vassor DE i.aTouche. 
 
 r )nc at Fort-Roval in the hland of Martinico, this I'-th dav 
 of February, 176::. 
 
 Robt. Monckton. 
 G. B. Rodney. 
 
 The 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The lofs fuftaincd by the EngUfli in the conqucfl. of Maiti- 
 nico, miifl appear very trifling, when we reflect on the num- 
 bcrlcfs difhcuhies which every where prefentcd themfelvcs, and 
 the vakic of the prize contended for. Nature had, in every 
 part, been lavifli of her defences to oppofc an invafion; and 
 Art, far from neglecting to improve her bounties, had added 
 every ftrcngth that judgment and experience could fuggeft. 
 Ikfidcs, the vaft confecjuence of the ifland itfclf to France, to- 
 gether with the riches of the inhabitants, could not fail calling 
 forth their utmoll exertions to repel their invaders ; and they 
 had continually before them every motive that could animate 
 and infpire them with fortitude to bear every fatigue, and 
 courage to brave every danger : The houfcs in which they 
 were born, the land which nurtured them, the graves of their 
 anceftors, the cradles of their children, their wives, their 
 daughters, their whole elhites, expofed to the infults of a con- 
 quering foe, were fuflicient to excite the utmoll cllbrts of hu- 
 man flcill; yet, however flrong fuch a variety of fenfations mull 
 have operated to the purpofe of infpiriting the Trench, it proved" 
 unequal to the true valour and perfevering ardour of the Eng- 
 lifli troops, who, in furmounting every obftacle, gave a noble 
 example of Britifh fpirit. But the grenadiers commanded by 
 the Lieutenant-Colonels Fletcher, Mailey, and Vaughan ; and 
 the light infantry headed by Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, Major 
 Leland, and Captain Quint in Kennedy, dillinguiflied them- 
 felvcs in a particular manner ; the warmefl part of the fervioe 
 having fallen to their lot. 
 
 A 
 
 Nor was the innate bravery of the Britifli f lilors ever more 
 confpicuous than during this expedition ; and the iervices 
 they performed, as well on lliorc as on their own element, arc 
 6 almofl 
 
 f> ,! 
 
' . 
 
 m 
 
 3n4 H I S T O R V O F T II E 
 
 '7fii- almofl incrcdlhlc ; imd, to the cvcrlafling honour of l)otli ihc 
 I'l.i and 1 ind foncs, the lunio'l'hannony ruhfiftcd between 
 tlicm, andAd humI llodiicy gave the Gcncfal every aflillancc in 
 hi"? power, witli all the cordialiry that mi^c^ht be expected, had 
 hi;i own glory alone depended on the event. 
 
 Though it wa;5 mcrcl" by the right of arms that the ifland 
 of Maninlco and its inhaliitants with all their riehes, thus fell 
 into the power of the Lngiiih; the himianity and generofity of 
 the con(|utrors made ib deep an inipreflion on the hearts of 
 the confjuered, that, inllcad of regarding them as outrageous 
 foes, they hailed them their deliverers from tyranny and op- 
 prellion ; and, from the hitherto iniknown degree of libertv 
 they were now permitted to enjoy, conceived fueh an high 
 idea of the Britilh government, as made them break out 
 int(^ open prayers of long continuing to enjoy the blcfluigs 
 of It. 
 
 During the progrcfs of the army, the Admiral kept his fliips 
 liiflerently employed ; but moll of them were obliged to 
 remain with the army, not only to cover the fiege of Fort- 
 Royal, and be able to do the fame at St. Pierre's ; but bccaufe 
 their marines w'crc all on Hiorc, doing duty vvitli the troops-, 
 and even many of their feamen were daily employed in the 
 neceflary talk of hauling up the cannon to the troops, and 
 carrying them provifions and anmiunitiou. I'rojier ollicers were 
 appointed to forward thefc fervices with that dilpatch which 
 the importance of them required. 
 
 The conijucfl of Martinico being thus accompliflied, Gene- 
 ral Monckton would have proceeded in perfon to have reduced 
 the other illands mentioned in his Majeily's in(truv.^ions ; but 
 
 that 
 
 i.t ,H 
 
 iAh 
 
"•*i 
 
 ^ 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 that he thought it of more confcquencc to the fcrvice, confi- 
 dering the then critical fituation of affairs, to remain where 
 he was. Ucfides, his prefcnce was abfohitcly rcquifitc to fet- 
 tle many material points conducive to the fccurity of his new 
 conqucd ; Accordingly, every mcafurc was purfucd that pru- 
 , dcnce could di<ftatc, and that could tend to the prefervation of 
 harmony between his own troops, and fccure^ order and obe- 
 dience from the inhabitants. The execution of the remainder 
 of the King's inIlriii5tions being a fecond confideration ; it was, 
 therefore, prudently refolved to fend a fmall fquadron under 
 Commodore Swanton, with the fifth brigade under Brigadier 
 Walfh, and the corps of light-infantry, commanded by Colo- 
 nel Scott, to reduce the Grenades. Thcfe troops foon arriving 
 at their place of deftination, landed on the 5th of March, with- 
 out the lead oppofition. The Governor having, with fome 
 regulars and free-booters, pofllfled himfelf of a very ftrong 
 and advantageous pod commanding the fort, Ihewed, for 
 fome time, a refolution to defend the place ; and his difpoli- 
 tions indicated an obftinate intention of repelling the invaders, 
 if poiTible ; but he no fooncr faw the Britifli troops landed, 
 and favourably polled, than he abandoned his ftrong iitua- 
 tion ; and then, finding himfelf deferted by the inhabitants, 
 and that the communic.ition with the country was cut off in 
 fuch a manner as to preclude all hopes of relief, he fubmitted 
 without firing a gim ; i'o that this valuable coiKiueft, left to 
 the crown of Great Britain by the definitive treaty, did not coll 
 her a fingle man. 
 
 All this while, the greatcfl: part of the fleet kept cruizing on 
 dilTerent llations, to watch if any of the enemy fliould appear ; 
 and commodore Sir James Douglas, in particular, oil' the Sa- 
 lines : Notwithtlanding whicli, the Admiral determined to ai- 
 
 * D d d tack 
 
 38J 
 
 1762. 
 
 ^— '^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ui "^ 
 
35(J 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 
 (^ 
 
 'V 
 
 Vt; 
 
 '•62- tack the iflands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent, the rip;ht to which 
 had fo long hccn an objcd: of contention between the French 
 and the Englilli. Accordingly, on the 24th of February, he 
 ordered 
 
 The Hon. Capt. Hcrvey, in the Dragon, with the 
 
 Norwich, , 
 
 Penzance, 
 Dover, and 
 Bafihlk, 
 to proceed on this fervicc ; witli liberty, on his making tlio 
 illand of St. Lucia, reconnoitring the coalls of it, and making 
 all the other obfervations in his power, to attack it without 
 waiting for farther inllrudtions, if he tliought himfclf flrong 
 enough to carry his point ; oihcrwife he wis only to fend tlic 
 Admiral the bell account he could, of the enemy's force and 
 fituation, and block up their ports, in the bcft maimer Lc 
 could, to prevent their receiving any fupplics, and acquaint 
 the Admiral, from time to time, of his proceedings : in cafe 
 he attacked the ifland, he was left entirely to the direction of 
 his own judgment, in his operations againfl. it. If Captain 
 Hervey Ihould fubdue the ifland, after «-aking jc^lTcnion of the 
 forts, and acquainting the Admiral therewith ; he was to pro- 
 ceed to the Ifland of St. Vincent, and inform the chief of the 
 Indians there, that he was not come to moleft them, and much 
 lefs ftrip them of their pofl'cflions; but to free th .m from the 
 yoke which the French had impofed on them, and oblige the 
 ufiirpers to evacuate that illand ; his Majefty being dcfirous to 
 grant the natives his royal protciHiion, and maintain them in 
 that flare of neutrality to which they had an undoubted right : 
 And, that Captain Hervey might the more cflcctually comply 
 with thefe inllrudions, he was ordered to wear abroad pendent 
 when not in light of a fenior oiliccr. 
 
 The 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The firfl of thcfc fcrviccs was performed by the 27th, when 
 tlic Ifland of St. Lucia furrcndcred by the following capitu- 
 lation. 
 
 3«7 
 
 1767, 
 
 1.1 
 
 I i 
 
 
 Articles of capitulation agreed on between the Honouvahle AiiguJIns 
 Uervey^ Com/ffanJer of afpiaJron of his Majejlysfjjips, employed off 
 the IftanJs of St. Lucia and St. Vincent ; and Monjieur de Lon^ucvilli\ 
 (jjmmander and Governor of his Mojl Chri/lian Maje/ly's forces on the 
 (/land of St. Lucia. 
 
 Article I. The troops of the Mofl Chrillian King, which arc 
 in the lil and of St. Lucia, Ihall be allowed the fame capitula- 
 tion with the Ifland of Martinico ; they Ihall be fupplicd 
 with a veflcl and provifions to remove to the faid illand; they 
 fliall leave St. Lucia with the honours of war, their arms 
 and baggage, drums beating, matches lighted, and a ficld- 
 piccc, and fo proceed to Martinico, with ten rounds for faid 
 field-piece ; and they lliall be allowed two days to bring 
 down their baggage from the redoubts. 
 
 Jnfwer. The troops of his Mofl Chriftiaa Majcfly fliall marcli 
 out of their garrifonsand pofts, with the honours of war, and 
 he allowed a ficld-piecc of cannon, with four rounds, and 
 lighted match ; they fliall be allowed forty-eight liours to 
 get their baggage from the redoubts, and then be embarked 
 at his Britannic Majcfly's expcncc for Martinico, and from 
 thence to Trance as foon as pofllble. 
 
 n. The inhabitants of this ifland afk the fame terms, which 
 liave been granted to thofc of Martinico, by the late capitula- 
 tion made with M. Ic Vallbr, our General. 
 
 Ddd 3 
 
 Anfxcc, 
 
 r. 
 
 .> i 
 
 !'lk 
 
 I yj 
 
*.;^' 
 
 i 
 
 II 
 
 y' 
 
 ; ' fl 
 
 i 
 
 i*"t^ ( 
 
 m 
 
 
 If!' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 « .' ' 
 
 Atipwer. The inhabitants of St. Lucia Ihall immediately fiir- 
 rcndcrup their arms, fend in their names with places of their 
 abode, and fubmit themfelvcs at difcretion to his Britannic Ma- 
 jcfty ; but they fliall not be obliged to take arms againft his 
 Moll Cln-iftian Majefty. 
 
 III. All forts, garrifons, ports, cannon, mortars, magazines of 
 ammunition, provifions, and implements of war delivered 
 up hna fide to fucli pcrfons as fliall be appointed to receive 
 them. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IV. The inhabitants fhall have free excrcifc of their religion \ 
 their pricfts and nuns fliall be rcferved in their cures and 
 convents, until his Britannic Majefty's pleafure is known. 
 
 Granted. •"' 
 
 V. All archives and papers, which may be ncceflary or relative 
 to the government of the ifland, to be faithfully given up ; as 
 alfo, all plans of the ifland, fortifications, harbours, bays, &c. 
 Granted. 
 
 VI. All veflcls whatfoevcr, that have been employed on any other 
 voyage, or on any other account than merely tranfporting 
 the produce of this ifland from one place to another of this 
 ifland, or caiTving fuch produce from this ifland to Martinico 
 only, Ihall be fcized by his Majefly's fhips at St. Lucia. 
 Granted. . 
 
 Dated on board his Majefty's (hip Dragon at St. Lucia, 
 February 26th, 1762. 
 
 A. Hervey. 
 
 LONGUEVILLE. 
 
 This 
 
 m 
 
atcly fur- 
 iof their 
 mnic Ma- 
 gaind his 
 
 j^azinci of 
 
 dcHvcrcd 
 
 to receive 
 
 religion ; 
 cures and 
 nown< 
 
 or relative 
 ven up; as 
 i, bays, 8cc. 
 
 1 any other 
 anfporting 
 ler of this 
 > Martinico 
 jucia. 
 
 St. Lucia, 
 
 VILLE. 
 
 This 
 
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 ^UIIBLHIIll'lllliiini 
 
 hmuiiKJiiuiiiiii 
 
 ■tir 
 
 B]i,iimiJ 
 
 SyLl'C^l[A; 
 
 Dont* 
 
 y/Vw SiWKYS ^/m/ O/iSKlii: ITKLVS 
 
 made bvtlio ENGLISH 
 
 BY 
 
 lYioM A s Ji: VY 1 : la s 
 
 Geographer to the IviX t; . 
 
 I'libliilu'd bvLAIHIK <l- WHlTTI.K,N".T.tll,.,l Sln-i-t,I,.)M<U.ii 
 
 I'oiiite (Ics Salines > 
 /I'.'.A J, , /Ui/jMi.v^ 
 
 If Gio.s fflot ,,,v ^ J., 
 
 rL\( ■/■'/'nr (,'/<i'S fsi.iif, 
 
 y, " '■■■ ■■> '■' 
 
 't)iiifi-<lclalircli)rtc' 
 
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 14 
 
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 Sea JiCa^iios I'O in a Ilca-reo 
 
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 rrirr- -■ . ■ , ^--^.-^ 
 
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 mimmm iimmllM 
 
 limniiiiiimiimnini 
 
 61^ T,( 
 
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 61 . I.oiig-itude ^VeJl from lioadon . 
 
 irnimimimTOimmur ;« 
 
 ■mmmMiiiM...ri,!!M - 
 
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 'ACM<()lllKMlAVA\N\\/riu' AiaivC\)iiiMuuul('(|[)Vllu>Kiditll()iiTllicKAIU.OKAlJMl^^ I licI'Lr.K l'l)\ SlU JiKOUdK I'oc OC 
 
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 Ji 
 
 % 
 
' J 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 This capitulation gave Captain Hcrvcy poflcfTion of the fincfl; 
 harbour in the Weft-Indies, ftrongly fortified by art as well as 
 by nature. St. Lucia is, befidcs, remarkable for fcveral frefii 
 water rivers, and great plenty of wood. It extends north north« 
 call, and fouth fouth-wcft about forty-five miles, and is about 
 thirteen in breadth. It is indeed mountainous and but little 
 clearcfl, and contained but about one ihoufand inhabitants, 
 though /er)' fruitful and capable of yielding the fame commo- 
 dities with all the other Weft-Indian iftands. But, after all, its 
 chief merit confifts in the excellent harbour called the Little 
 Carenage on the leeward fide of the ifland. This harbour is one 
 of the bell in the Weft-Indies, and it is impofliblc to attack it 
 by fhipping when properly fortified, though it can receive 
 veilcls of the greateft draught, having feven fathom water 
 clofc to the fhore, and a cove where a firft rate man of war 
 may be careened. 
 
 We cannot help remarking in this place, that it is not bravery 
 alone which conftitutes a good officer. A wife attention to 
 circumftances, witli tlic neceflfary vigilance to gain by ftrata- 
 gem, what force, perhaps, would never effect, has fuperior 
 merit. It is on this principle we muft relate a fingular circum- 
 ftancc that attended the reduction of St. Lucia. When Captain 
 Ilervcy arrived off the iiland, he was entirely at a lofs for intel- 
 ligence concerning the fituation of its French inhabitants, and. 
 the troops which defended it. From the peculiar pofition of 
 the harbour, there was no reconnoitring it from without ; and 
 the coaft was every where fo well defended, that it was imprac- 
 ticable to land ; he, therefore, determined to fummon the Go- 
 vernor, and to accompany the officer charged with the fum- 
 mons in perfon, but dvcfifed as a midfliipman, fent, as it were, to 
 
 3 ferve 
 
 3B9 
 
 1762. 
 
 u 
 
 
 ; ',' 
 
 lis:*' 
 
? 
 
 I 
 
 il 
 
 39^ 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Icrvc as an interpreter. By this means he got into the harbour, 
 and liad an opportunity ot feeing tliat the water was every 
 where deep ; nay, he was carried up to tlic fortrefs where the 
 
 Governor rcfidcd. 
 
 The fummons was anfwcred with a fpirit that threatened a 
 flout defence ; but next morning, whilft the Englifh fliips 
 were under fail to force the harbour, and the marines and fea- 
 men ready in the boats for the allauh, the commodore received 
 an oHcr of capitulation from the Governor, M. de Longuevillc. 
 The ofllccr font on this errand, knowing again the Commodore, 
 whom he had fcen the day before in a different chara(n:er, 
 could not help betraying great furprifc ; but at the fame time, 
 rightly judging of the real caufe of this duplicity, he prcfently 
 recovered himfelf ; and, without taking any farther notice of 
 it, returned to tiie Governor, and foon after brought back 
 thofe articles figned, which the Commodore had fent in by him. 
 The (hips then went in and took pofTcfnon of the harbour, and 
 the whole illand immediately fubmitted : From hence, on the 
 4th of March, the Commodore failed to reduce the Hland of St. 
 Vincent ; but, on his way, lie met an cxprefs from Admiral 
 Rodney, with orders to join him with all expedition. The 
 following extra<5t of a letter from the Admiral to Captain I'or- 
 roll, who conmiandcd his Majcfty's fleet at Jamaica, will fufli- 
 cicntly account for the above orders. 
 
 A.i 
 
 *' I mull acquaint you, that the French fijuadron, under the 
 *' commandof M. de Blcnac, confiRingof eight fliips of the line, 
 " and five frigates, having on board two thoufand troops, 
 *' commanded by M. Eelliince and M. de St. Croix, appeared off 
 " Martinicoon the 9th inllant. I imiucdiately put tofea, with 
 7 " fix 
 
I« 
 t( 
 
 « 
 l( 
 
 C( 
 
 l( 
 (I 
 It 
 
 14 
 « 
 (( 
 (( 
 <i 
 (( 
 <t 
 <( 
 tt 
 (I 
 << 
 « 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fix fliips of the line, and four or five frigates, in hopes of 
 being able to bring them to an adion j but was difappointed 
 in my aim. Having gained intelligence, that the Kland of 
 Martinico belonged to his Britannic Majcfty, they made ofl', 
 without my being able to learn, for forty-eight hours, what 
 coiu'fe they had taken. I had great rcafon to believe, th;' 
 they were gone to the relief of Grenada, then bcficgcd ; 
 but, upon receiving a certain account that they were fecn otY 
 St. Chriftophcr's, (leering well with all the fail they could 
 crowd, I collc(5lcd, with the utnioft difpatch, all my force, 
 and fliall haftcn to join you as foon as pofTiblc, and you may 
 every hour expect me. But, as I think the bell way to defeat 
 the enemy's dcfigns, will be to attack them in their own 
 ports, I fhould be glad that you would join me with all the 
 (hips under your command, oil' Caj St. Nicholas ; or, in 
 cafe that Ihould be found impracticable, that you would 
 caufe frigates to cruize to windward in qucft of me, to 
 give me an account of the prefent Hate of the ifland, and 
 the intelligence you have been able to procure of the enc- 
 my's motions, that I may the better know how to take my 
 meafures for the prefervation of Jamaica." 
 
 391 
 
 1762. 
 
 ! \i 
 
 1 
 
 'a 
 
 In confequenccof the above orders to Captain Hervey, he made 
 all the fail he could to join the Admiral ; and, on the 6th of 
 March, came up with him off St. Pierre's, as did Sir James 
 Douglas and Commodore Swanton ; i'o that, within a few hours, 
 his whole fleet was collected. It was in vain to think of inter- 
 cepting the enemy before they could arrive at St. Domingo. 
 However, not a moment was loll in victualling and watering, 
 and getting every fliip ready for action, in order to fuccour the 
 llland of Jamaica, as exprcllcs had been received from the 
 
 Governor 
 
392 
 
 ■1 
 
 it- 
 
 if' 
 
 
 f 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Governor and Council of that ifland, that they were in immi- 
 nent danger ; diat the ifland was to be attacked by the united 
 forces of France and Spain ; and rcqucfting tliat the Admiral 
 and General would endeavour to prevent the faid illand from 
 fallinc;; into the hands of the enemy, by fending them fpccdy 
 fuccour. 
 
 Immediately on the receipt of this exprefs, the Admiral com- 
 municated it to the General i and propofed to him to hold a 
 confidcrable body of troops in conllant readinefs to embark 
 for the relief of Jamaica, the monient intelligence flaould be 
 received, of the Brell fquadron's having (juitted thofe feas ; the 
 Admiral being, on his fide, determined to allifl them with all 
 the naval force, that could podibly be I'parcd from the imme- 
 diate prote^rtion of the Carribee lllands. 
 
 General Monckton was much diftreflcd at the critical fitu- 
 ation of Jamaica ; efpecially as he did not think himfelf 
 authorifed to part with any of his troops without exprefs 
 orders from England. This, however, did not prevent the 
 Admiral from profecuting his purpofe of haftening to the 
 relief of Jamaica : he, therefore, ordered Captain Hcrvcy to 
 Sr. Chriftopher's, to coUecl: all the lliips on that llation, and to 
 remain there till joined by him with the reft of his fleet, in 
 readinefs to fail at a moment's warning ; and foon after, the 
 Admiral took the fame rout liimfclf, leaving Sir James Dou- 
 glas at Martinico. But before he could fail from St.-Chri- 
 llophcr's, he received an exprefs, on the 26th of March, by 
 Captain Flphinftonc of the Richmond, with orders to defift 
 from any enterprife he might have in view, as it was indifpen- 
 fibly ncccflary, that all operations fhould yield to the grand 
 objetft, a fccret expedition, which had been then rcfolved upon. 
 
 Tims 
 
 
LATK WAR IN AMEIIICA. 
 
 Thus \vc fee, that tlic time in whicli IMartinico was rccliiced, 
 was a circuindance of as much confc<iucncc as the rccUnftioii 
 itfelf ; for, the war againll Spain having been declared in the 
 beginning (if the year, it became advifeable to llrike early 
 fuch an elTee^ual blow againR that nation, as might incline 
 lier to a fpccdy peace, or materially influenf^'" the fortune of 
 the war, if flie ihould perfiH; in her hoilile dcfigns. It wa.-;, 
 on this plan, necellary to employ, on one and the fame lervicc, 
 a very great force ; and, of courfc, call away a confidcrable 
 part of that which had been employed at IMartinico. 
 
 To be thus flopped in the career of glory, and fupcrfcded 
 in command, when jutl on the point of feizing freih laurels 
 mull have been extremely mortifying; for it was now im- 
 pollible to proceed to the proiecT:ion of Jamaica, or attempt 
 any thing againll the fleet of the enemy in tiieir own ports, 
 without ailing in contradiclion to the inflruclions received 
 from the Lords of the Admiralty. However, as the prefer- 
 vation of Jamaica was an objecl of lb much confeqnencc, 
 the Admiral thought himfelf juililiablc in obeying a fland- 
 ing pofitivc order, refpecling all admirals or commodores 
 commanding on the flation of the Leeward Iflands, that, in 
 cafe any Irench fcjuadrons paiFed thcfe feas, they Ihould de- 
 tach immediately an equal number of fliips after them, or 
 follow them in perfon ; bciiiles, the Admiral knew that the 
 Jamaica fleet was to compofe part of that commanded by Sir 
 George Pococke, whicli was to be employed in the fecret expe- 
 dition, and had not received the leafl. intimation againll what 
 place that expedition was intended ; he therefore tb.ought it 
 abfoluiely neceflary, not only for the piefervation of Jamaica, 
 but to prevent the junction of the Trench and Spanilli fleets, to 
 
 Lee detach 
 
 /'J 3 
 ir':-. 
 
 
 I 
 
« n 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 4 
 
 394 
 
 1762. 
 
 Cullodcn 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Dragon 
 
 Temple 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 Dover 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 detach Sir James Douglas with ten fail of the line, to Commo- 
 dore I'orreft, who had already fcven fail of the line and ten 
 frigates imder him: And accordingly he fcnt Captain Hol- 
 well to Martinico, with orders for Sir James to repair with 
 all the expedition poilible, in the Cullodcn, to St. Chriflo- 
 pher's, there to take on him the command of a fquadron for 
 Jamaica. On the 2d of April, Sir James arrived at St. Chrifto- 
 pher's, and the Admiral immediately ordered the Captains, 
 of the 
 
 Tcmerairc 
 
 Devonfhire 
 
 Stirling-caftic 
 
 Sutherland 
 
 Alcidc 
 
 Thunder and Grenada bombs, 
 
 with tlic C;cfar tender, and a floop laden with mafts, to put 
 thcmfelvcs under Sir James's command, and then ordered Sir 
 James himfclf to proceed with them immediately to the Ifland 
 of Jamaica, there to take upon him the command of the fliips 
 on that rtation, and get them ready as fall as poHible, to join 
 Sir George Pocockc, who was expe«5led in thcfe feas by the 
 middle of April; and moreover, make fuch a difpolition of his 
 lliips, as Ihoiild appear moil conducive to the defence of that 
 illand. He was likewife to difpatch a tender or frigate, on his 
 arrival at Jamaica, with what intelligence he could procure, to 
 Sir George Pocockc at Martinico, and give directions to the 
 commanders of fuch veflTcls, to keep in the iifual track of 
 fliips bound from Martinico to Jamaica; antl then order his 
 other frigates to cruize to windward, on the fouth-fidc of Hif- 
 l>aniola, that Sir George Pocockc might have as early and as 
 full intelligence as poilible. 
 
 6 On 
 
"T^^ 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 On the 3(1 of April the Admiral failed with Sir James and 
 the whole fleet, to deceive the Dutch, wlio might obfervc 
 their reparation, and give notice of it to the enemy; they 
 kept company till night, when the fignal was niadc for Sir 
 James to pix:)cecd to Jamaica ; the Admiral ileered for St. 
 Pierre, and anchored in the road on the gth. Immediately 
 on his arrival, he began the neccflary preparations for get- 
 ting the fliips in readinefs for Sir George Pococke ; and, in 
 the mean time, fent ofT an exprefs to acquaint him, that Cas- 
 de-Navirre Bay was the fitted place for him to water in, and 
 that the fleet and troops at Martinico lliould be ready to fail 
 the moment of his arrival. 
 
 Sir James Douglas made Jamaica on the tith of April, and 
 having received intelligence from Commodore Forrefl, that a 
 French fquadron was in Port-St -Franjois, in the Ifland of Hif- 
 paniola, and that they intended to join the Spaniards at the 
 Havanna, with all the reinforcements they could collcifl ; it 
 was. in confcquencc of thefe advices, thought necefliiry to dif- 
 patch immediately as many of the fliips as could be fpared 
 from the Jamaica ftation, to cruize ofT the port of Sr.-Fran^ois, 
 and, if poflible, block up the French fliips in it. It was olT 
 Poit-Royiil, in Jamaica, that this refolution was taken ; and 
 the fliips to be employed in this fcrvice, had fixty or feventy 
 leagues to work up to windward. Captain Ilcrvey was ordered, 
 with a broad pendant, on board the Dragon, to take on him 
 the command of the 
 
 Alcide 
 
 Stirling-caflle 
 
 Defiance 
 
 Portmahon, and 
 
 Trent, 
 £ e c 2 and 
 
 Tern era ire 
 
 Nottingham 
 
 Pembroke 
 
 Dover 
 
 Huflar 
 
 J 
 
 ^v 
 
 7:» 
 
11 
 
 396 
 
 17'2. 
 
 .^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 and to take, btTuics, under his orders, all the fliips he might 
 meet with crui/ing about that illand. 
 
 Captain Ilervey, on his arrival ofT Port-St -Francois, found 
 the French fcjuadron all ready for fea ; but on the third day 
 after, the troops that were on board difembarked, and M. de 
 lUenac, in confequence of a meiliige he had received from the 
 Governor of the llavanna, gave over all thoughts of going- 
 immediately to fea. 
 
 J 
 
 % 
 
 \ > 
 
 ft' 
 
 
 THE 
 
 
 li:.- 
 
ind 
 
 lay 
 
 de 
 
 the 
 
 I 
 
 '11 
 
 I E 
 
 t .1 
 
\ 
 
 ,:rirrmMi\ 
 
 r — 
 
 I.) 
 
 n 
 
 
 »ii 
 
 U 
 
 m 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATE WAR IN A iM E R I G A 
 
 li 
 
 B O O K X. 
 
 The EngliJ}} rcfolve to attack the Havanna. Sea and land-forces fcnt 
 
 cgainjl it. They arrive at Barbadocs ; at Martinieo. Pro^ 
 
 cecd to the Havanna. S/>aniJ/j veJJ'els taken. Force of the 
 
 Spaniards at the Havanna. 'I he EngUfh land in its ncii^hbourhood. 
 
 Rout a body of Spanifh eavnhy. Take pojl at Guanamaeoa. . 
 
 Ihftege the Moro. The Spaniards make a fally ; are re- 
 
 piilfed. The Moro cannonaded by fea.' ylrriva/ of troops from 
 
 Korth-ylmerica. The Moro taken by ajj'anlt. The cannon of the 
 
 Moro turned agaiufl the Havanna. The Governor fummov.ed to 
 
 furrender. Rcfufes. Battel ies erected againji the toivn, opened. ■?' 
 
 -——The Goi'crnor diftres to capitulate;— —Granted. The articles 
 
 of capitulation. 
 
 WE have already mentioned the declaration of war made 
 by the Englilli againll the Spaniards, and arc now to 
 give an account ot the hoililitics which followed it. The mofl: 
 cH'cctual method that the former could take to annoy the latter, 
 and at tlie fame time counteract the formidable acccillon of 
 Ih'cngtli which Trance, by thio time almoll fubdiicd, muit 
 8 oihcrwife 
 
 17C2. 
 
TACKolUlollAVANNA. 
 
 \.(ih r/'Hw.nuhi . 
 
 V. hint., I)-: 
 
 I). t'luTui iTiinrfh'rs I)'! 
 
 \\..\imiL-s litfury. 
 
 Y. ,Sii,r/i'-r,(s IK 
 
 (i./i,i/f,n iii:,</ h ///,■ fJwnn . 
 
 WXiniilSii'irllciiSi'. 
 
 I It, il, •III iiiiit/i /'I /■//(■ Kiiiiin I'll (n'lisii/i'i Hill. tvmmimitu{it iu 
 
 Deck },rr,l,i/i<lllis/ stile cf llh'Tcwn . 
 K.(iii.iihn,M',i . 
 L./i.,.>l.,. 
 
 ^IXii iivilirJIiM :aii' . 
 S.(V.l/r 
 {) DMYtr.l. 
 
 I' IJlliW, ifihlitiMcupt . 
 
 ii.lsL J.hit.ii . 
 
 K..)X'//',)' siiii/i ill dt, lliirbourtehhcli up iu- Entriouv . 
 
 'I Di.ivns JiiitTtTy. 
 
 l/iwfiivi fiiw ruAt/i hyaliih I'l'lhittU- S/umis/i S/iif< iiitmdi/iiHi' /'/iin/i 
 VrY'iirltiimThs.hirifiuWih- niirH/rmi tfiifin' tfdic mv /timnur/i ofLddu luul 
 
 \mv ii'I\'iouiiTs itr die t/mv /inttrrifs . 
 
 {SpitttishS/iif's iftlTir timwfrcm ihir poihions h Carlftoiiis. HiV/muvuls. die 
 
 [Hi'iinur lUhHiiitten itrdie white Mciui. 
 X. Fhiitiiifi RuttiTies h/iie/i imiundi'iiriippri'iblies lUKiinst duMcrc luullhwv . 
 Y. SpMiishFleit. 
 
 Z . S/wiii/iJ/i^' M'liri lip hv Lui/itiiino Jtiriiu) die Sirffe . 
 W.Roiittfdie.ifiimebiintivmihttuIeiihdieHiO'ltf.ttt'einiirle 
 VR.Lkilith^iumimdfiriViui'er) ('(vmuBiihi h (hi. I'arltton . 
 iiltciekii h die Sfuutith i I'ltyatrt . 
 
 AT , 
 
 (/. Stime lieiioiit , 
 
 l\ f'li :ers lintten '/. Ihi< 
 
 e.udiimiiim 4.iy: 
 
 d. Xmiiirsiy. /, //' 
 
 e.GremdD". A.// 
 
 f.mwiisiy. .,;.//: 
 
'l\\CK()llli(MIAVAN.\A/riu'AtaivC'oiiiiiuuKtedbvllu'Uiglilll()iiT'|]u-l'^.AKL()^^^^^ I lioI'LKKTln- Silt i»K()1<(il'. I'0( 
 
 III h' flimk 
 
 fit/is ittxd 
 
 uls.tfie 
 vuiJbnv . 
 
 a. Smw Uedcut . 
 
 b. Fiiurs liiutfrv j.lhi/i 
 
 v.la/umtisD': 4.M 
 
 d. Xmiiirsir.. fix.. 
 
 cGrtrndD". f.m . 
 
 f.nmmsir. ;^.ir... 
 
 (f. UTl/iivniJiiitury j.Fcimdirs ■,'./ . 
 
 h . Aiaiiut tite Laiidintf I'liuw of'riieMoro 
 
 i .'PieSap. 
 
 k . I'valMim Hu (Haas . 
 
 I. hrciuh . 
 
 m.MortarliiUU'rics. 
 
 RKFiutENrKfrr 
 
 I. Bonds nutdf iv du l\riiish'Dt\fs 
 
 \ji<sitii'n ifriieArim 
 [ftWdift/if^mmt 
 
 <iif theS. (fJiuw bduven (iiituumuva, tuid the 
 \fdie fimmna . ' 
 [J'Jmwnpnimtif riif .t'!'/iriip/'' i'r(Vii'ri/^f. Irmy. under tfie 
 yomiiuvid irj' tifixerid Elhot . 
 4. IhitJ'osn /hmt P:i If my. 
 fi. ttelirfd ('ivnp ifiy^neiinrdwHWd. 
 iOnrlhrt/nm//ie(rrii/h/Di'fiti/i/ih/it,vii/i<'llesfif//ie7!ii7i. 
 hinder die (omiiiiindifdielL^ii ''.''( olonel Howe . 
 Il /,. Hcdoiits dmwn up bs'riieD-otfs under his Command. 
 
 iReimited (limp of'l)?iieitrlhe/fedoiits.ii/krdie oiill'osts 11,1. 
 
 \wididrimnoniiiwimtofSiiimefs . 
 p. Artillerv I'lirk . 
 to. Rutiery of diree :\tl'otindfrs . 
 u. Batlerv of Mortars . 
 
 n.lh'iid Qiiivters ondieWestsideifduJIarhoiir. 
 0.lb7tinidJ(edoiitifSt.bitoiiio. 
 
 LI. Hiice where die hirer siipphiiui die'ltmn Wiis tiimdintp the Marsh . 
 ifi. (imalleadiiui tv die'llwn . 
 
 i6.lhormiBinfdtiiir.trom uhe/ue^ vMabulnm was si^plv'd ititi 
 2/. i'/dJntri7ie/i/iient. 
 
 jS.Detivlialionol'dieAmivandStires ondiefti'stside . 
 If). Old Stone Jiairer\' dismandfd . 
 ioMospiral nrnh ■ beiitm . 
 
 iLaiaro:aniVdStvnetitrahiunent.on»hieh was mounted a fen 
 
 \wuenieeaHe^iTliller}: 
 
..1.1' . 'riK'h.KKrln S»u v.Kouc.r. 
 
 \il\- S \'fJiuu' hiUhvii oiiiui.ii ,i,v,i .uiJ r/h- 
 
 i" Hr.i.uh I'r iviyrifffhirm. uniUr riu- 
 I ///'/(. 
 
 I inmdlkuxiiwu-iu • •// //uHa; ,y 'tlu- Z'vi // 
 
 \ .fth.lhn^Cohmd lime . 
 
 \n riuTn V Ti tiniUr hut ( '< 'mm, iiu I . 
 
 <M'.:" •«,"*■" -'"^u. •?§ ■ siKUxv 
 
 Uimtit.,l umf ifiy'ihiir thi' H,\L'iUs.,i/hT rfu- ,<iii l\'sts it,T,- 
 
 \Mii/hlrimn ivi .uwimtifSii'/snffi . 
 •I. .\rrilliT\ l\irk. 
 II'. Hitm iY'l/ir,;\v; Pctmdfr.t . 
 II. liiillfn I'f'Mi'rfiirs . 
 
 ti. //i-iii/ (JiiiirftT.i ,v! i/iill'-jr Mfi' tfrfu-llitrhi'iir. 
 (s Hilt, mil Itt'ih'iit , / 1)'.'. b)M\i, • . 
 
 II. lti,;wh/rfth,-HiiiT,nif't'hiiMrfhT,'t! v m,ii tiim.linii' riuMrrsh . 
 {■,.(',autl li-ii,li/i,in'r/i(Ti'mi . 
 
 if.ih'n'niiiin .ilf/i,r/n'//i ii/i,'ii,y vMiiii. hin iin.i iiif'i'h;! nittiWntiT. 
 I- ('U lnir,ri,'/i/wiil . 
 
 I?. DfSa^iiint'n iflfu: bvii ,yiJ,'lr,'ri:t , >n die Hhi .ti, If . 
 If). I'lilSdmt l\aU(r\- (lisnumtlfd . 
 ■I, \Hcspiiitl n/nh fvinm . 
 
 iuiiiin': iVKViI Srow lntnTt,-/imM .on h/iiiIi nv.< moiuittd a fhf 
 
 :i. HiiiwiuiillimTi h,\mn ihhumf ^ii-Tmi 
 
 ■:_\.,'i/iq\f ifll'iir iifthMii' l/ii-.\li<n' . 
 
 ■I il" :'!:K'.,nl t^infino/'lihYS if.Witiir\ Srori-s . 
 
 ■;;.if'inli'!/ieii/irji//'/ii,Y.t ifVhHuiivu . 
 
 •:c'. //I'spiti/TiTit ,t/ul liifiiA/1,1 /'/,i,r . 
 
 i-.ll(iulOiiir»Tf,fifi,Hi7i'^Mii,'ri'n7i,mlKip/'ii. 
 
 •il^.thi\mifmtyit3iiyi{qjlT,vlH,oiin,iitsfi<rminoJSi(fi(cf'(\tcri\ 
 
 ■UiIhVuIIi^I f4lh\ iIU'mWIiV. 
 
 y llnh(<^^ihinir.i,f{i',<nmhmd,ri/it7ii,fuirfi{,iki//'XlJntiai,vr.t 
 
 .1/ (!r,in,Uli'spirii/. 
 
 , V.'. Lauhht piiiY ifi/iY. Imn ift,- j*/iinf i-ri . 
 
 Lhiiu'Hnii pliUY I'f'ifif l>ni.ii<<n , ft/it Fl/Yi iindiT ^- t','mni)W,l ,'f' 
 
 I tfiflli VI '*( 't 'iiinwi/i re Kepfvl . 
 
 ilhviiii i'fihil'/iYtii/idn'i'miii, uW,- Arhiitlmot diini{ii die 
 
 (.V/.v/f- 
 y, Cirimdl)niiii<n oflhcFlfYt. with the Hfer if'Tnmspcrts . 
 
 ,■V^' 
 
 ;W| 
 
 ^ta. Orfirdi lkmr\\i; I'oiuidtrs 14. 
 
 % 
 
 
 'iWiiuir: loiy: ,-,j. 
 
 Almr li,merift . 
 
 I litnhmdJi ly.: //<i(7/.\r,r.T t^ At'rtiir.t. 
 
 iMidMislfyji.yi. 
 
 Pr,<u\ttsiy. I* u 
 
 IM/ii^u It' y •,'./. 
 
 I'mtrsoiu ly i lltmiiitrs . 
 
 XT /lyi. 
 
 StmiVtt I)'. I. ifi. 
 Miirk.iniiiiu //' ./ ?Mi>ittrj. 
 
 .Sfumish Rfilciii 1 {< I)'' 
 
 ■I' n-M 
 IhehiiUfn .\ /,V 
 
 Ltiifis ly.i lliviners . 
 
 uir/fri'nsiy-t.yPi 
 
 ffidm,>nfjil)':"i ;ii- 
 
 HewttziTs iitHTiitf Ht\ul . 
 
 
 ''»: 
 
 
 /. 
 
 
 
 ,>fi^ 
 
 
 ^w,— • :^* *i-» .■•*| 
 
 m^mm 
 
 
 
 ..»♦-■ 
 
 
 
 
 iyk'^^;fi^ 
 
 «H<M 
 
 tittM 
 
 V ^ 
 
•I I 
 
 ' 
 
 I' 
 
 r.i 
 
 98 
 
 1761. 
 
 HISTORY OF TiIE 
 
 othciwilc receive from the acqviifuion of fuch an ally, was 
 vigorouily to attack fomc of tlie S|xini(h fcttlcmcnts in Ame- 
 rica, before they could be put into a proper pollurc of defence: 
 For, fliould this plan be attended with fucccfs, it would not 
 only obrtruift the channels through which the Spaniards re- 
 ceived all tiieir wealth from that quarter of the globe, but 
 poflibly deprive them of the very foinccs which furniflied it. 
 The Havanna, on the hland of Cuba, was therefore the object 
 fmgled out by the Britilh miniftry, as the moll proper to ac- 
 complilli thcfe ends. 
 
 This city is fituated cxacHily under the tropic of Cancer, 83° 
 weft of Lontlon, and is by far the moft coniidcrable place in 
 the Well-hidies, as well on account of its trade, as of its har- 
 bour and docks, in which fliips of war of the fnft niagnitiulc 
 are built. But what rendered it of yet far greater confetiuencc, 
 was its being alfo tlie key of the riches of Mexico, and tlic 
 ufual rcpofitory till their final embarkation for Old Spain. The 
 harbour lies to the caft of the town, and is fpacious enough to 
 receive an hundred (liips of the line. The entrance into it is 
 defended by the Mc»ro, a fort built upon a narrow point ot 
 land to the north of the tov/n, and which is large enough to 
 hold a garrifon of one thoufand men, with all ncccfliuy pro- 
 vifions to icfifl a long and vigorous ficge. It contains very 
 good cafements, and twocifterns which all'ord plenty of water. 
 As it llai^ds on ikcp rocks, it is inacceiliblc from ihe fei, 
 which l.Uhes its foundations. It is fortified to the cafl with two 
 ballitjus, .1 courtin and good covered way, with a dry ditch, 
 half of which is cut out of the folid rock. It commands the 
 I'ovi de la Punta on the oppofite fide of the harbour's mouth, 
 part of the town, and its three ballions 10 the north. A little 
 
 more 
 
 rrtPI 
 
 ■«■■> 
 
 i w ii'i'ii -*^.. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 more within the entrance into the harbour, and on the Moro 
 fulc, is a battery bulk of Ilonc, called the Twelve Apoftlcs ; 
 and a little higher up, another called the Shepherds battery ; 
 above thefe a chain of hills called the Cavannos, extend them- 
 lelvcs from the Moro to the plains of Guanamacoa. Thefc 
 hills command the town and docks, and can always be pro- 
 tected by the fliips in port, the very bottom of the harbour 
 alTording anchorage for men of war of the firll rate, and being 
 withal defended by a deep hill called Gonzales. 
 
 399 
 
 1762. 
 
 A chain of ten baftions and nine curtines, with an indiflcrent 
 covered way, and fome counterguards before the fronts of the 
 balhons, form the ccinturc of the town to the well. The 
 ground in front is, in fome places, mavfliy, the reil is no- 
 tiiing but bare rock, ihe earth that formerly covered it having 
 been taken away to conilru^ft the ramparts of the town. It is no 
 uncommon thing, however, to meet upon inch rocks, with . 
 morail'es two or three feet ileep, formed by the rain-water col- 
 lected in the hollows, and producing, in the courfe of its Hag- 
 nation, herbs and llime, the general materials of morafles on . 
 all bottoms. 
 
 All the eaftern coaft is covered with wood, the reft of the 
 cuviions of the town is entirely cleared, and well cultivated; 
 and bclides embelliihed with feveral fmall villages, and a pro- 
 digious number of country houfes. 
 
 The operations againfl this capital objeift, by ;hc pofleflion 
 of which England nright be furc to intercept the treafurcs that 
 were to give vigour to the united ellbrts of the houl'e of Bour- 
 bon, were to be conduiftcd by the Right Honourable the Earl 
 
 of; 
 
'.^ 
 
 
 'i! 
 
 ^00 
 
 n I i^TOR Y or Tiir. 
 
 of Al!ien"'..i!lo, ;v; Cnniiiiaiidcr-ln-chict" oF ihc laml-forccs, and 
 bv Aihniral SirCicorgc Tococko, who was tocommand the licet. 
 
 Tliis cnicrpvi/c, Co great in h^ con(c(iucncc3, that it nii-lu 
 
 at oiu:c 111 
 
 lluLMK 
 
 (c the ioi:uiK' of the whdlc war in hivcnnot-' 
 
 the iMic^iiHi, I'eenied lo dcniaiul a very great Foree, to l)e attrml- 
 cil \vi;!'. ce:tain i'lueel"^ ; and it was iherefoie hut rcafonablc to 
 ccnelude, that e\ery nene and finew wouUl he Uraincd in lit- 
 thig out the arnianient to he eniplo}ed on the eiecafion, in ;i 
 manlier I'uliahle to the inijioitance ot its dellination. Hut .ic- 
 corcHnu; to the j'l.in n\ eoUev-'ting tiie army and the navy i'nv ilii; 
 
 icrviee, tliere v.ere, in all aitpearanee, i'o nvmy a 
 
 nd lucl 
 
 I 'jXvc.x: 
 
 ohdaeles to cnereonie, efpeeiaily with regard lo the dii'p.jfirioa 
 of th.e fl\ip^ aiul troops whieii were to compole tliem, that lor- 
 tune mull he extremely partial in favour of the Mnglidi, it 
 tlic i^cccllary junclion ot" them I'uececded in every partieuLir. 
 .'J":;e army wa^ to he eompofed of lixtcen thoiifand men; of 
 v.hleh, noiwiihflandlng, four ihoulaiul only were to go Irom 
 I'.ngland. Cleneral McMickton, it was fuppofed, could furr.iiii 
 c^ght thoiifand more ; and the remaining four thoufand v/crc 
 t ) ho fupplied hy Clciu-ral AmhcrH, from the Continent of 
 Nonh-Anierica. 'I he Heet was to he made as powerfid as 
 j\)llihlc: v'.t HrC^eorge I'oeocke was to take with him from 
 i ngland hut fue Ihips of tlic line ; the moll coidlderahle part 
 of his flrcrsgth hei r.g to he formed hy fliips already in u\c 
 Wcfl-Indies, und^r Admiral Uodney : iJut a Spanilh lleet of 
 nine Ihips of the line, then l}ing in I'errol harbour, caufeil an 
 addition of two more fliip , which, however, were onlv to 
 accompany ilie fleet to tlie latitude of (iipe-Finiflcrre, ;..ul tlicii 
 return to I'.ngland. As to the troops expeefed from Genera! 
 Monchi^n, no accounts had been received from him lince he 
 
 iai 
 
 iCv 
 
 1 en li 
 
 n> expedition 
 
 ro til 
 
 ;vv-Yoi 
 
 nor was i 
 
 nown 
 
 t k 
 
 wlieth 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 v.hcihcr he had undertaken the rcdu(5lion of Martinico, or in 
 f\hat part of the Well-Indies he was to be found in cafe he had, 
 and had mifcarried in the attempt. The fleet under the com- 
 mand of Admiral Rodney was in the fame predicament; and 
 the quota of troops to be furniflicd by Sir JcfTcry Amherfl: was 
 to confifl. only of two thoufand provincials yet to be raifcd, 
 and two thoufand regulars to be drawn from Canada and the 
 interior garrifons in other parts of North-America. 
 
 By the flenderncfs of this force, and the extreme uncertainty 
 of collei^ing it, at lead in due time to enter on adlion before 
 the Spaniards could be prepared to receive an enemy, and take 
 advantage, withal, of the only feafon fit for military opera- 
 tions within the tropics, we can fcarcely conclude that this plan 
 againfl the Havanna was adopted with any fpirit, or that it was 
 intended to operate to any great advantage. Yet, by the in- 
 ftru(5lions to the Earl of Albemarle, the Britifli miniftry feem 
 to have been uncommonly folicitous, that no time (hould be 
 lofl in carrymg tnc cnterprize into immediate execution ; for 
 every otlier plan of operations in the Weft-Indies, even thofe 
 aftiKiUy enicredupon, were to yield to the intended operations 
 of the fleet and the army under Sir George Pococke and the Earl 
 ci- All)cmarle ; nay, had General Monckton already attacked 
 Martinico, he was to relinquifli it, and directly embark with 
 his troops to reinforce the Earl of Albemarle. As, vmder thcfe 
 circumftanccs, the General could not poflibly know where to 
 aflcmble his forces, it was judged neceflary to difpatch the Rich- 
 mond, Captain Elphinftone, immediately in qucft of Admiral 
 Rodney, with the orders for him we have already mentioned, 
 to eolle<5l all his fhips and hold them in readinefs to receive Sir 
 (korge i'ocockc's commands on Iiis arrival in thofc feas. 
 
 401 
 176a. 
 
 m 
 
 * Fff 
 
 Tlie 
 
 wr"- 
 
 >' \ 
 
I 
 
 1 
 
 ^1 
 
 hil 
 
 
 I . 
 /* 
 
 I, 
 
 I 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Admiral and the General now repaired to Portfmoutli, 
 where the one was almoll without a fleet, and the other with- 
 out an army. However, with the little certain force they liad, 
 they were going to attempt the execution of a plan, the ill'uc 
 of which, whether fortunate or unfortunate, would in (onw. 
 degree aflcc^ almoft every power in Europe. 
 
 However inadequate to the fervice, the force to execute i;: 
 appeared to he, the hopes of the nation were animated from the 
 confidence that the people had in the Admiral ; whofc ahiU- 
 tics, fupported hy an inflexible rcfolution, had, during a long 
 command, been the prcferver and guardian of the Britifli pof- 
 feflions in Afia, and whofe naval /kill gained his inferior 
 fquadroii a fupcriority over that of the French in two engage- 
 ments on thofe feas ; it was not therefore doubted, but that 
 the fame abilities would be exerted with the fame ardour 
 againil a new enemy in a new quarter of the globe. 
 
 In this entcrprize the Honourable Commodore Kcppcl was 
 appointed fccond in command, with a dillinguifliing pendant. 
 This oiliccr had fignahzcd himfclf during the whole progrcfe 
 of the war. He added Gorec to tlie Hritifli empire: But his 
 great judgment and activity, fo eminently difplaycd during the 
 more recent reduction of Ik'Uc-hlc, was ailurunce of fucccii to 
 any operations that the Admiral might think proper to tntrull 
 to his execution. 
 
 The flafl' of the armv was as follows : 
 
 The Karl of Albemarle, Commander-in-Chief. 
 Six aids de camp. 
 
 Lieutenant General Elliot, fecond in command. 
 Two aids dc camp. 
 
 6 Majoi 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERIGA. 
 
 Major Ocncral la KiuCillc. 
 One aid do camp. 
 Major Cicncral Kcppcl. 
 One aid dc camp. 
 
 Colonel Carlcton, quarter mafic r general. 
 Major Poole his deputy, with two alFiftants. 
 The Honourable Colonel Howe, adjutant general. 
 Lieutenant Colonel Ackland, his deputy. 
 Captain of the guides. 
 
 Charles Leechmere, commiflary general of (lores. 
 George Durant, EUj; deputy paymallcr general of the forces. 
 I'rovofl: Martial. 
 
 Sir Clifton Wintringham, dirccn:or general, and fa ft phyficiau 
 to the hofpital. 
 
 One deputy director. 
 Three phyfieians. Four apothecaries. 
 
 Four furgcons. Forty-tour ailiilants. 
 
 The army was compofcdof the following troops: 
 The 9th Regiment, Whitmore's, cunfiiling of 
 
 34th, Lord Frederic Cavcndi(h's, 
 
 56th, Honourable Major General Keppcl, — 
 
 7 2d, The Duke of Richmond, 
 
 Volunteers, being French prifoners drawn 
 out of the different prifons, but fuppofed 
 to be proteftants, commanded by Major 
 
 Frcron, — — 
 
 Royal artillery, - — — 
 
 Brigade of engineers, —— — 
 
 977 
 
 933 
 
 986 
 
 217 
 
 270 
 
 6 
 
 F f f 3 
 
 Total, 43G5 
 
 Thefc 
 
 403 
 
 1762. 
 
 - 'I 
 
) 
 
 I 
 
 
 H\^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 >^>\' 
 
 404 
 
 1762. 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Thcfc troopsbcing all embarked, and the llorcandvkT:ualling 
 fliips all iti rcadincfs by the litth day of March, the A<lmir;il 
 and tlieCeneral, both on board the Namur, iiiuncdiaiely Tailed 
 iiom ronlmouth, with the 
 
 Valiaiu, the Honourable Commodore Kcppel, Captaiu 
 
 Duncan. 
 Eelleille, - Captain Joleph Knight. 
 
 Ilainptoncourt, - - •; hmis. 
 Uippon, - - - Jekcl. 
 
 Thirty tranfports. 
 
 Nineteen ilore and victualling fliips, bcfidcs 
 Kight loaded with artillery. 
 
 OlT riymouth they were joined by tlic Burford and the 
 Florentine. On the iith, the St. Tret, a Frcneh Eaft-India fliip» 
 ot feven hundred tons burthen, with 230 men, bcfidcs paflln- 
 gers, and laden with coll'ce and pepper, bound from the liland 
 of Boiubon to I'ort-L'Orient, ftruck to the Valiant, and was 
 cfeorted into Plymouth by the Burford. One of the large ilorc- 
 lliips having run foul of another vcfTel, and being thereby too 
 much difabled to proceed, the llores were taken out of her, 
 and flic was fent into port, under convoy of the ilippoii. By 
 the departure of thefe two men of war, the fleet was reduced 
 to its original Urcngth ; and foon after it had entered on the 
 Atlantic Ocean, there arofc a violent florm, which I'cparatcd it ; 
 but without any other material injury. The Namur arrived 
 at Barb.idoes on the aoth of April, after a pa(T;ige of forty-iivc 
 days, and here the fleet again iwiitcd ; tlic Rippon, notwith- 
 flantung her having been fent into Plymouth, had come in witli 
 
 fonic 
 
 I 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fomc tranfi>ort3, a few days before. To this phicc Major 
 Moiieypcnny had been difpatched by General Monckton, to 
 aaiuaint Lord Albemarle with the I'ucccrs of his Majelly's arms 
 againll Martinico. The Admiral therefore now (leered for that 
 ill.iiul, where he arrived on the 26th of April, and anchored 
 in Cas-dc-Navire's Hay, where Admiral Rodney delivered up 
 the command of his iliips to Sir George Fococke, and C^enc- 
 r.il M mckton that of his troops to the Karl of Albemarle; 
 and ih n both navy and army vigoroully entered, in their 
 (lillcrcnt departments, upon all the preparations neccfHiry for 
 the profeciiting ot their intended enterprize. The feanv.n were 
 employed in vicftiialling and watering the lliips, the foldiers in 
 cutting and making fafcines. Dilpatches were fent to Sir James 
 Douglas to repair immediately, witli all the fliips under his 
 command, and others fent him by Admiral Rodney to Clapc- 
 Nicholas, the north-well point of Ilifpaniola, and there wait 
 the arrival of Admiral Pocockc. 
 
 405 
 1762. 
 
 The ll<^.'ct now immediately under Sir George Pococke, con- 
 fided of the 
 
 Namur, 
 
 Valiant, - 74 
 Iklleiilc, - 64 - 
 lIamptoncomt,(^)4 
 Orford, - C6 
 I'dgar, 60 
 
 Marlborough, 68 
 llippon, - 60 
 Culloden, - 74 
 
 90 guns, Sir George Pocockc, Captain Ilarrifon. 
 Commodore Keppel, Duncan. 
 
 Captain Knight. 
 Innis. 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 Drake. 
 Burnet, 
 Jekel. 
 Parker. 
 
 Mercury, 
 
I , 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 4C<^ 
 
 1761. 
 
 Mercury, 
 13alililk, 
 Alarm, 
 Lurcher. 
 
 Ill STORY OF THE ' 
 - - - Capuia Cgodall. 
 
 - - - Almcs. 
 
 The following rcghiicnts compofcd the army 
 
 From Engbiul, 
 
 gth, Whitmorc's, - - 977 
 
 34th, Lord 1 redcric Cavcndidi, - 976 
 
 jf ih, Major General Kcppcl, - 933 
 
 jzi\, Duke of Rithmond, - 986 
 
 Volunteers, - - - 217 
 
 Royal artillery, - - 270 
 
 Brigade of engineer?, - - 6 
 
 From North-America. 
 15th, Amherft's, - - 
 
 423 
 535 
 
 378 
 
 47' 
 
 3?o 
 
 J 7th, Monckton's, - - - 
 
 27th, Blakeney, _ - . 
 
 28th, Townfend's, , - . 
 
 3Sih, Otway's, - - - 
 
 4cth, Armigcr's, ... 
 
 42(1, Second battalion, Royal Highlanders, 484 
 43d, Talbot's, • • . jfh 
 
 48ih, Webb's, ... 525 
 
 60th, Third battalion, Royal Americans, 587 
 Royal artillery, - - - 107 
 
 Brigade engineers, - - - 9 
 
 4365 
 
 53^^- 
 
 From England and North America, 9747 
 
ll 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 J-rom England and Nortli-Amcrica, (J747 
 
 From South-Carolina, 
 
 lit Regiment, ^'^"r companies. 
 
 sao 
 
 
 77th, Montgomery'!*, . - - 
 9jih, Burton's, 
 
 G05 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 1310 
 
 From Djminica, 
 
 
 
 22d, - - - - » 
 
 602 
 
 
 94ih, Vaughan's, - . - 
 
 7 
 
 989 
 
 From Guadaloupc, 
 
 
 
 4th, - . - - 
 65th, Malpafs, ... 
 locth, Campbell's, 
 
 2ZS 
 
 10+ 
 
 6S5 
 
 From Antigua, 
 
 
 
 38th. Waifon's, - - • 
 
 289 
 
 289 
 
 From Pcllcinc, 
 
 
 
 69th, Colvillc's - - - 
 76111, Two battalions, Rul'anc, - 
 
 556 
 
 
 QOtli, Morgan's, - - - 
 98th, Grey's, 
 
 4^'5 
 
 2-}.; 9 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 15^^59 
 
 407 
 
 h. 
 
 Out 
 
 Ml .>. 
 
4o8 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Total, isCso 
 
 ^S 
 
 Out of the above troops, Lord Albemarle, 
 bcficlcs leaving Ibmc ftck at Mariinico, gar- 
 rifoncd it with 
 
 The (njtli, - - .- - 556 
 
 76th, - - - - 104S 
 
 And St. I.tu ia, Dominica, Grenada, and the 
 GrenadiUas, with the 
 
 ;^8th, _ - - - 289 
 
 94th, - - - - 387 
 
 9^'tli. 370 
 
 locih, > - - - - 3^G 
 
 So tliat there remained for the Havanna expe- 
 dition bur - _ - - 
 
 43^B 
 
 1 1351 
 
 I . 
 
 The maritime defence of Martinico was entrufted to Admiral 
 Rodnev, with a fmall fcjuadron. General Monckton, who lb 
 lately led an army to vitR:ory, had now the choice left him or 
 th^ inactive government of the Kland of Martinico, which lie 
 had concjuered, or to accompany the carl of Albemarle as third 
 in command ; but his iieaitli being mucli impaired, he, in 
 order to rc-cllablilh it, deiircd leave to return to his govern- 
 ment of New-York ; winch being complied with, the govern- 
 ment of NUninico devolved on Major General Rufane. 
 
 1 1 
 
 The regiments which the Earl of Albemarle received from 
 General Monckton, having each a light-infantry company, 
 thofe from Kngland were ordered to be put on the Came 
 footing ; and tiie light-infantry of the whole were formed 
 into one corps. The grenadiers were divided into three batti- 
 ^ lions, 
 
 
r.ATK WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lions, and the rcniaimlcr of ilic army into five brigades, to be 
 (omniandcd by brigadiers Haviland, Grant, Reed, Lord Rollo, 
 and Walfli. The jur companies of Hght-infantry from Eng- 
 land, with one battalion of the grenadiers, were given to Colo- 
 nel Carle ton, and the remaining two battalions of grenadiers 
 to Colonel Howe. 
 
 409 
 1762. 
 
 Previous to Lord Albemarle's leaving England, orders were 
 font to the Governor of Jamaica, to raife two thoufand flout 
 negroes, for the fervice of the army, it being thought impof- 
 iihle for the troops to do all the la!)orious work incident to 
 the buHnefs of a liege in fo hot a climate. lie was likewifc 
 ordered to raife five hundred negroes accudomed to arms, who 
 were to be regimented with proper officers. But Lord Albe- 
 marle, being apprchenfive of fomc delay in the execution of 
 tlicfc orders, conlidering how much the governor and the inha- 
 bitants of Jamaica were alarmed at the arrival of M. deBlenac's 
 ftjuadron, or that thefe negroes, if raifcd, might be intercepted 
 by fomc part of that fquadron, on their pafllige to join him, 
 prudently gave orders, at all events, for the purchafing of eight 
 hundred or a thouflmd negroes at Martinico, St. Chrillopher's, 
 and Antigua. Matters being thus fettled, the Admiral and Ge- 
 neral, on the Gthof May, failed from Martinico, with the fliips 
 and troops before mentioned; and, on the 17 th arrived off Cape- 
 Nicholas, where, on the 23d, they were joined by the Uiips 
 from Jamaica, and the fquadron under Captain Hcrvey, that 
 had been cruizing ortCape-Eranc;ois, to block up M. de Blcnac, 
 whofe defiLjn was, if pollible, to form a junction with the 
 •Spanifli fleet in the harbour of the flavannu ; as together, 
 they would be in a condition to give battle to iheEnglilh fleet. 
 
 G ii cr Accordinglv, 
 
 
 .1 
 
I 
 M I 
 
 J I [ 
 
 I 
 I I 
 
 I! ' 
 
 \A 
 
 ;i 
 
 410 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Acconlingly, he had, with this view, olTered his cndeavoiiis to 
 the Governor of tlic Havanna ; but all the anfwer the latter 
 returned, was a verbal mciragc, that he would as foon admit 
 an Englil?-\ as a French fleet into his harbour. 
 
 The Englifli fleet now confided of 
 Ships of the line. Guns. Captains. Frigates. Captains. 
 
 Namur, 
 
 90 
 
 Harriibn. 
 
 Smherland 
 
 , Everett. 
 
 Valiant, - 
 
 74 
 
 Duncan. 
 
 Thunder, 
 
 
 Cullodcn, 
 
 74 
 
 Harker. 
 
 Lizard, 
 
 Bankcs. 
 
 rcmbrokc, 
 
 60 
 
 Wheelock. 
 
 Merciny, 
 
 Goodali. 
 
 Or ford, - 
 
 G!J 
 
 Arbuthnot. 
 
 Glafgow, 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Tcmerairc, 
 
 74 
 
 Barton. 
 
 Grenado, 
 
 
 Rippon, - 
 
 60 
 
 Jekel. 
 
 Trent, 
 
 Lindfay. 
 
 Marlborougli, - 
 
 G8 
 
 Burnett. 
 
 Cerberus, 
 
 "Webber. 
 
 Bellifle, 
 
 G4 
 
 Knight. 
 
 Alarm, 
 
 Almcs. 
 
 Dragon, 
 
 74 
 
 Hcrvcy. 
 
 Dover, 
 
 Ogle. 
 
 Centaur, - 
 
 74 
 
 Lamprierc. 
 
 Richmond 
 
 , Elphinftonc 
 
 Fdgar, - 
 
 60 
 
 Drake. 
 
 Ferrctt, 
 
 
 Akidc, 
 
 64 
 
 Hankerfon. 
 
 Bonetta, 
 
 
 Devonflaire, 
 
 66 
 
 Marfliall. 
 
 Bafilifk, 
 
 
 Defiance, 
 
 Go 
 
 M'Kcnzie. 
 
 Echo, 
 
 Lendrick. 
 
 Dublin, 
 
 74 
 
 (iafcoigne. 
 
 Lurcher, 
 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 80 
 
 Goofetrec. 
 
 Enterprizc 
 
 ', Holton. 
 
 Hampton-court, 
 
 64 
 
 Innis. 
 
 Porcupine 
 
 > 
 
 Stirling-cafllc, 
 
 64 
 
 Campbell, 
 
 Cygnet, 
 
 Napier. 
 
 Temple, 
 
 70 
 
 I.eggc. 
 
 Peggy. 
 
 
 Nottingham, - 60 Colling wood. 
 Intrepid, - 6d Hale. 
 
 Wit'i 
 
 1. 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 With this fleet the Admiral had the choice of two routs to 
 the Havanna: The firft and moft ohvious was the commoa 
 one, along the fouth-fide of Cuba, and fo into the trad of the 
 galleons. But this, though by much the fafefl, could not but 
 prove equally tedious ; and delays, above all things, were to 
 be avoided, as the fuccefs of the whole cntcrprizc depended, 
 to all appearance, on its being in forwardnefs before the hurri- 
 cane fcafon came on. He therefore relblved to run along the 
 nortli fliorc of that illand, through that very intricate and almofl. 
 unknown paflage of the old hahama Straits, in length near 
 fixty leagues ; and this though in great want of pilots for 
 inch a courfe : for, though many had arrived from Provi- 
 dence and other illands, yet fcarcc any one of them had the 
 Icafl faiisfacftory knowledge of iliel'e ftraits, or was able to take 
 the charge of a lingle Ihip through them, mucli lefs to condutft 
 {o large a fleet : But thefe circumllances, however difcouraging, 
 could not check the refolute ardour of an admiral long ufed 
 to ilruggle with dillicuhics. Ti\e firfl: reafon that induced 
 him to rifk this paflage, and it mull be allowed to be a very 
 matcvial one, was, t!i;u if he endeavoured to go round tlie 
 ilku;'! of Cuba, befides the unavoidable great tedioufnefs of tlic 
 parage, many of tlie tranfports and Iicavy laden ilore-fhips 
 would not, perhaps, have been able to beat up again in time 
 from the we(l-cn 1 of Cuba to the Havanna, againll the trade- 
 winds and currents. T)ic rcc:ond was, tliat by going that way, 
 he mull have left the patTiigc of the old Bahama Strait:, open 
 to the Irene h, and" they niighr, in tlie inicrim, llip through 
 (hem to the Havanna, and reinforce the Spaniards, if tlie 
 litter would accept '^ their alhllince ; t'ov, from the well- 
 end of Hifpaniola, they could not avoid feeing the r.nglifli fleet 
 
 G g g .: bear 
 
 411 
 
 1762. 
 
 
I ( 
 
 v( 
 
 412 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1762- bear avra)' along the foiuh-fulc o( Cuba; and this clrcumftancc 
 mull foon be known at rort-St.-l'ran^ois. 
 
 The Achniral, therefore, having fird prepared a fuflicicnt 
 number of frigates, tenders, long-boats, and barges to take tlic 
 lead, and plaee themfclvcs all along the paflagc, on the dillcr- 
 cnt flioals, with light.^ by liighr, and flags by day, to dirccl 
 the headmolt Ihips of tlie fleet, divided this great armunioiu 
 into {even divifions, the better to work clear of catli other, 
 and avoid all confufion. Then, on the 27th of May, he niado 
 the fignal to bear away in the following order : 
 
 Full diviiion. 
 
 Alarm. 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 Dragon. 
 
 Namur, 
 
 Sir George Pocock. 
 
 Light-infantry. 
 
 Three battalions of grenadiers. 
 
 Two hofpital fliips. 
 
 Nottingham. Three artillery (hips. 
 
 Centaur. 
 
 Grenada. 
 
 Trent. 
 
 Second divifion. 
 
 Valiant, 
 
 Commodore Kcppel. 
 
 Firfl Brigade. 
 
 Two liofpital fliips. 
 
 Three artillery fliips. 
 
 Dover. 
 
 Edgar. 
 
 Richmond. 
 Third 
 
 h 
 
 Li 
 
 
Rippon. 
 
 Pembroke. 
 
 Glafgow. 
 
 Thunder. 
 
 Barbadocs. 
 
 V^ipcr. 
 
 Cerberus. 
 
 Alcidc. 
 
 LATE WAR IN AM ERIC;*. 
 
 Third Divifion. 
 
 Belleifle, 
 
 Captain Jofcph Knight. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 
 One hofpital Ihip. 
 
 Three artillery fliips. 
 
 Fourth Divifion. 
 
 Tenieraire, 
 
 Captain Barton. 
 
 Twenty-four llorc Ihips. 
 
 I'our Ihips with fafcines. 
 
 Two with negroes. 
 
 Three with horfes. 
 
 Six with the baggage 
 
 of general officers. 
 
 Fifth Divifion. 
 
 Cullodcn, 
 
 Captain Barker. 
 
 Third Brigade. 
 
 One hofpital ihip. 
 
 Two with artillery. 
 
 Sixth Divifion, 
 
 Centurion. 
 Dcvonfliirc. 
 
 Cambridge, 
 Captain Goofctrcc. 
 
 Fourth brigade. 
 
 One hofpital lliip. 
 
 Two fliips with artillery. 
 
 Orford. 
 
 Hu/Tar. 
 
 Penzance. 
 
 Dcptford.. 
 
 Boreas, 
 
 Ferrer, 
 
 Bonetta, 
 
 Bafiliik, 
 
 Eccho, 
 Rofe. 
 
 4»3 
 
 1762. 
 
 to 
 
 Seventh 
 
1 I 
 
 it I 
 
 A.f 
 
 ^\ i 
 
 1 1 
 
 4'4 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Seventh Divifion. 
 
 Defiance. . Marlborough, 
 
 Captain Burnet. 
 
 Fifth brigade. 
 
 One hofpital lliip. 
 
 Three with artillery. 
 
 Ilanipfhirc. 
 
 Hampton-court. 
 Stirling-caflle. 
 
 Temple. 
 
 Portmahon. 
 T.urchcr. 
 
 The whole fleet confided of 
 
 Ships of the line, - - - - 23 
 
 Frigates, bomb-ketches, fire-fliips, arJ their tenders, 24 
 
 Tranfport fhips with troops on boaixl, - - 9 ; 
 
 Artillery fliips, - • - - 16 
 
 Hofpital fliips, - - -> - 8 
 
 Trovifion fliips, - - .- . 24 
 
 Ships with fafcines, * .- • ^ 
 
 with negroes, - - - - 2 
 
 with horfes, - - _ . j 
 
 with the baggage of general ofticers, - 6 
 
 Total, 203 
 
 On the lis. of June, the Alarm and Echo being ordered a-hcad 
 to lie on the Cayo Sal bank, the former made tlie fignal for fee- 
 ing five fail in the north-w<:ll (juarter, and then both chaccd. 
 About two o'clock in tlic afternoon, Captain Alms in the 
 Alarm, came up with, and engaged the Vangan/.a, a Spani(l\ 
 frigate of twenty-two guns and two hundred men ; and tlic 
 Pliitnix (lore fhip armed for war, of eighteen guns and fevcnty- 
 fivc men ; and, in three (piarters of an hour, botli (Iruck to 
 him. The Vanganza had ten men killed and fourteen wouiul- 
 ed ; the Alarm feven men killed and ten wounded. A brig.mtine 
 j; aiui 
 
 f 
 
 ^■i-i ,mimi<i»ai 
 
LATK WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 and two fchooacrs were at firll in company with the Van- 
 ganza; but one of tlie latter cfcapcd. They were bound to 
 Sagoa, in the ftraits, for tinilier for the ufe of die fliips at the 
 llavanna, from whence tlicy had failed twelve days before, 
 Purinj; the palliige througli the Straits of Hahama, the we Tvlur 
 proved very fine, and the current moderate; and, on tlio fth 
 of )ime, the whole fleet was clear through and in Ught of the 
 Metances. 
 
 By the taking of tlic above Spanilh frigates, tlic Admiral and 
 the Ceneral obtained very good intelligence concerning the 
 condition of the enemy ; a circumUance at this time particularly 
 ;i(.lirablc. The purport of this intelligence was, that the Spa- 
 niards had fixteen men of war in the harbour of the Havanna, 
 almoll ready for fca ; that they were not in the Icafl expciT.a- 
 tion of a vifit from the r.ngliih ; and that the garrifon coniKled 
 of very few troops: But on the other hand, the Governor of 
 llavanna was now as ccrtainlv informed of the nature of the 
 viiit he was going to receive, by the veflel which efeaped ; he 
 therefore imuicdia'tely fummoned a council of war, in which, 
 bclidcs the relident oHiArs of his own garrifon, he was adiiied 
 by the Count de Superunda, Lieutenant General of his Catho- 
 lic Majefty's forces, and late Viceroy of the kingdom of Peru ; 
 and Don Diego Tavares, a Major General, knight of the order 
 of St. James, and late Governor of Carthagcna ; thefe oHicers 
 being accidentally at the Havanna on their pailiige to Old Spain 
 from their refpedivc governments. In this council, it was 
 rcfolved to defend the Moro to the hill extremity, as the prefer- 
 vation of the town wholly dep','nded upon the defence that 
 fort could make. Accordingly, ih^- prefent Governor being 
 old and infirm, Don Lewis de Velailo, captain of a man of war, 
 was cntrulled with this important fervice; and the Marquis de 
 
 Gonzales, 
 
 4'5 
 1 762. 
 
 t >'< 
 

 \i I ' 
 
 ,\ 
 
 ii 
 
 k 
 
 416 
 
 1:62. 
 
 II IS TOR V or THE 
 
 Gon7.alc5, likcwifc captain of a man of war, was nomlnatcc! 
 the fcconil in command. Thcfc points being fettUd, the Go- 
 vernor proceeded to declare war in form againll England, that 
 ceremony being ubfolutcly neceHiiry to juility tlie arraying tlic 
 militia, who, by law, ferve only in time of war. The regular 
 troops at the Ilavanna were lu follows : 
 
 Cavalry, 
 1 S(2uadron of tlic pla^c. 
 4 of Arragon, 
 
 4 of ILdingburgli, 
 
 9 S(juadrons, at 90 men prr ftjuadron, 
 
 Infantry, 
 
 1 Battalion of the place, 
 
 2 of Spain, 
 
 1 of Arragon, 
 
 3 Companies of artillery, 
 1 Brigade of engineers, 
 
 Total of land forces, - •• 
 
 Marines and faiiors, 
 
 81: 
 
 700 
 1400 
 
 14C0 
 300 
 
 3800 
 
 • 4610 
 
 yooo 
 
 Total, 1 36 10 
 
 To the above forces, the activity and the diligence of the 
 Spanifli officers foon added a nmnber of militia, mulattocs 
 and negroes, fo as to form, all together, a body of thirty thou- 
 fand men, by the time the tnglilh arrived in fight of the Ha- 
 vanna. The principal part of their regular troops were 
 ordered to oppofe the progrefs of the invaders ; and, for tlut 
 purpofe, take poft at a conliderablr village called Guananiacoa, 
 and the remainder were occupied in fuch bufniefs as was 
 
 judged 
 
 
I ATE WAU IN AMERICA. 
 
 judged mod cfTcntial towards contributing to their fafcty. IJut 
 the fleet, conhlling of 
 
 The Tiger, 70 The Sovereign, 70 The Afia, - f^ 
 
 Qi^ieen, 70 Neptune, 70 America, 60 
 
 InF.mt, 70 I'^iiglc, - 70 Comiueror, Go 
 
 Europe, 60 January, 60 St. Anthony, 60 
 
 which lay in tlie harbour, was ordered to continue at anchor. 
 Whether tliey were tlius inactive for want of inlh'utflions, 
 whether all their flr.ps were not in a fighting condition, 
 or whatever clfe was the caufe, wc cannot d'eterminc. If 
 fume of the above rcafons did not forbid it, we may very 
 rationally fuppofc, that their bed way would have been 
 to come out and fight the Englilh fquadron ; and though 
 the iflfue of a battle might iiave proved unfavourable to 
 them ; yet a battle tolerably maintained, would have much 
 difablcd the Englilh armament, and perhaps have been the 
 means of difconcerting the whole cntcrprizc. The lofs of 
 their fleet in this way might have polhbly faved the citv ; 
 bui the city once taken, nothing could prefervc the fleet. 
 It is true, the Spaniards much trufled to the ftrcngtli of the 
 place, and to thofc aflonifliing difliiulties which attend miii- 
 t;uy operations drawn out to any length in this unhtaltliy 
 climate. In otlicr refpccls, they were very far from being 
 deficient in proper meafures for their defence. 
 
 But to return to the operations of the Englifli : On the 6t]\ 
 of June, the Havanna, the aim of fo long a voyage, and the 
 objccl of fo many anxious hopes and fears, was now before 
 
 H h h them. 
 
 "• • 111— ITi -rTiniw 
 
 '*-'^'fg 
 
1) 
 
 
 4t8 
 
 1767, 
 *. — , — .^ 
 
 II 1 STORY or THE 
 
 tlicm. TIk- Admiral bioiijiilu to, about live leagues to the cnfl- 
 ward of that cit>-, to ill'iif ilircctions to the captains of-" his ikct 
 uml the niallci^ of the tianlports, with re-^^aril to tlic' laiuliir^ 
 ot the aniiv. 
 
 The fleet was foimeil into twM dividons. Six Hiips of the 
 line, I'onie frigates, and the flat-bottomed boats, manned from 
 tlie fleet, formed the divifion tliat was lo cover the del)n'katioa 
 of the troops, imder tlie command of CAUiimodore Keppcl. 
 Thirteen fail of the line, two frigates, the ln)mb-hetclies, 
 and thirty-fiv tail of vicUiallers and ilore-lhip.s, formed the 
 Admirals divifion, with which, about two in the afternoon, 
 he bore away and ran down oil' the harbour, where he dif- 
 covcred twelve lliips of the line, and fevcral merchantiiKii. 
 I'here not being on board the whole fleet a Angle man ae- 
 (juainted with the coafl, nor any fpot being as yet aljlblutclv 
 lixed on for the making of a defcent, the Alarm and RichnioiKl 
 were fent, with the Colonels Clarleton and Howe, to reconnoitre 
 the fliore. in the mean true, orders were given for the difpo- 
 iition of the flrll debarkation of the tro<.)ps, who were to be 
 commanded by hieutenant General Klliot, Major General Kep- 
 pcl, and brigadier Ilaviland. The third battalion of grena- 
 diers was to do duty as a corps de referve under Colonel Carle- 
 ton. The lirll and fccond battalions were commanded by 
 Colonel Howe. Tlie l:^arl of Mbemarle was to be in the barge 
 of the Valiant, with the Commodore. The troops, on land- 
 ing, were to form into one line, the corps de referve in their 
 rear. A lieutenant was appointed to conduof each flat-bot- 
 tomed boat ; and when the fignal was made, thefe boats 
 were to repair to their rcfpeclivc rcnde/vous, at the llcrns of 
 the following men of war, whofe Captains were to condud 
 
 1. theiu 
 
^. 
 
 I. ATI'. WAR IX ami: RICA. 
 
 iliom on fliorc, uiulcr ihc immciliatc dirctflion of Commodore 
 Kcppcl. 
 
 Uil 
 
 )pon 
 
 Orford, 
 
 Hr.igon, 
 
 Vilianr, 
 
 'rcmcrairc, 
 
 35- 
 
 rcg. 
 
 S'6. rcg 
 
 2d batt. 
 
 iflbatt. 
 
 ligln iii- 
 
 
 
 
 otgrcMiv 
 
 of 
 
 famry. 
 
 
 
 
 and the 
 
 grcn^. 
 
 
 
 
 
 roval. 
 
 
 
 Dover, 
 id batt 
 lloyal 
 Atncr. 
 
 Pembroke, 
 C(^rp3 
 
 rcfcrvc. 
 
 
 TheofTiccrs oF the troops were, upon no account, to interfere 
 in the manaHivres performed on the water, the Conuuodore 
 having the folc direction of every tiling to be done on that: 
 tlcment. 
 
 The third, fourth, and fifth brigades, under tlie command 
 of Major General Lafaufdle, were to remain on board, till Ihu- 
 bottomed boats were fent to receive and land them. Brigadier 
 \V allh was to land with his brigade. The tranfports of the firll 
 debarkation were ordered to get as clofe to land as polllble, for 
 the greater convenience of putting the troops on lliore; anil the 
 C'cnerals Elliot and Reppel were on board the Dragon, Ciaptain 
 Ilcrvcy, in readinefj to land with the troops when the Commo- 
 dore Ihould make the lignal. A convenient place having 
 bccM fixed upon for this pmjiofc, the next morning, al\)ut ten. 
 tlie Admiral made a feint to land four miles to the well of 
 t!ic Ilavamia, at the fame time that the Commodore began 
 to land in good earnell, and did it fo elleclually, that in about 
 an !n)ur, the troops were all on lliore, without any oppofition, 
 between the rivers /?>(•</- A./y and (.'. v/;,v, /•, fix miles to the call- 
 ward t)f the Moro. 'i'he Commodore orderetl Captain Ilervey in 
 the Dragon to run in, and batter a fmall fort fituated at the 
 mouth of that river, which prev«.nted the troops from fording 
 
 II h h 2 it- 
 
 M 
 
 !■ ir '. 
 
 .■■■»^ 
 
^vhich 
 
 .■:f 
 
 which tonjniamlcil the pallligc over; and, under cover ot the 
 lire made by the light infantry companies of the Royal and 
 Mon(gt)niery's, luppoitcd by tlie grenadiers of the former, 
 palled over ; drove the enemy, wlio had come down the hill, 
 lip again ; and purfued them, on that fide, towards St. John's. 
 But another body of the French being now perceived in their 
 way to fupport the former, Majcr Sutherland, with the remain- 
 der ci the liili bat(alion, was immediately ordere<l over to 
 litrael; thcni. This determined the enemy to retreat; by 
 which Colonel Amlierlt Iiail time to take poll before it was 
 dark. The troops, however, lay on their arms all night. Gip- 
 tain Matken/.ie, w ho commanded Montgomery's light infantry, 
 was mortally wounded in this aflair; and ten of the enemy 
 were taken prifoners. On the 14th, the channel, in which the 
 enemy had funk the lliallops, was cleared; but they lUU occu- 
 pied a brcafl-work which commanded the entrance and a bat- 
 tery, though not quite fminied. Lieutenant Colonel 'I'uliken, 
 v.ho had been hurt by a lall, and left on board, joined the 
 
 z army 
 
 \ 
 
 484 
 
 1763. 
 
 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 twccn it and Lake-Erie, on which fcvcral people were killed. 
 Tort-Pitt and IXnroit were indeed clofcly blockaded : but they 
 were both defended with equal vigilance and bravery ; the 
 latter, in particular, by Major Gladwin, ngainO: the boldcil 
 leader among the lavages, and the united ellorts of all thofe 
 inhabiting the banks of the L^ppcr-Lakes. 
 
Gliulwiu 
 
 their rcntrics and advanced guards unobfcrvcd, and was firll 
 dilcovcrcd by their main hcxly on the hills, as he wa; fcaling 
 the r-ks. However, they did not fire on him till he had 
 gained the fummit. when they gave way on his returnin^r if. 
 Lieutenant Schuyler, and tour rank and file were killed on tliis 
 occafion ; Captain Macdonald, and eighteen rank and file were 
 wounded. 'Ihc Frencli had three com])anics oF grenadiers a 
 this port, wiih two pickets, commanded by M. Delcombc, Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, and the fecond in command. This gentleman 
 and a Captain oF grenadiers were woiuided ; hi^j lieutenant and 
 feveral I'oldicrs wore killed; aiul the wounded captain and 
 thirteen private men were taken priloners. The French had 
 one mortar here, v/ith which they threw Ibnic Ihells in the 
 night; a lix pounder not mounted, and two wall-pieces. 
 
 As thcfe hills command the h;uI>our, Colonel /^mherll, o^i 
 tlie ifjth, marchcvl to the hill nearell to St. John's, whicli v.\^ 
 
 Fvcuch 
 
 Wnv. 
 
 ' Hi 
 
 ti ■■'''II 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 which had conquered the French territories in this quarter of 
 the globe, was now quite melted down by the Wcft-hidia 
 fcrvice, infomuch that there fcarcc remained a rufliciency of 
 cfTetftivc men for the common garrifon duty. Ecfides, the 
 Ihattered remains of the feventy-feventh and eightieth regi- 
 ments were at this very time actually reduced or ditbandcd, 
 
 485 
 1763. 
 
 \'<" 
 
 ,.:ii 
 
jlllii tvy A^^-vAw* 
 
 a very 
 
 f • 
 
 ^1*: 
 
 i 
 
 ilfV/llMVilV.V VUkfcfc V-IB^^^V* «■« »* V««i' 
 
 I 'T' - ' i ' n ' fi ' nint ' 
 
 li i 
 
 SIR, Camp before St. John's, Sept. 17th, 1762. 
 
 *' Humanity dircvTls mc to acquaint you of my firm inten- 
 tion. I know the mifcrahlc llatc your garrifon is Ich in, and 
 am fully informed of your tlcfign of blowing up the fort, on 
 quitting it ; but have a care ; for I have taken meafurcs clTct^u- 
 ally to cut oil' your retreat : and fo furc as a match is put to 
 the train, every man in the garrifon fliall be put to the fworcL 
 I muft have immediate pofTcflion of the fort, m the Hate it is 
 now in, or cxpeift the confequcnces. I give you half an hour 
 to think of it. I have the honour to be, 
 SIR, 
 
 Your moil obedient humble fervant, 
 
 To the Officer command- 
 ing St. John's. Wm. Amherst." 
 
 
 
 Anfwer. 
 
 486 
 
 ':63- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Gladwin had the good fcnfe to draw this conclufioii from their 
 former condud in fimilar circumflanccs. Accordingly, before 
 he admitted the Indians into the place, he put the garrifon 
 under arms, and made fuch other difpofiiions, as totally de- 
 feated their treacherous defign. Had they fuccceded in their 
 deep-laid fchemc, of putting him firll to death, every man of 
 
*** *»',*-» 
 
 A * ik^ s^ v» w «v 
 
 V.\ilAVt1 ^V^iiA- 
 
 iiicuidcd 
 
 " Under the uncertainty of the fuccours which I m?.y receive, 
 cither from France or her allies, and the fort being entire, and 
 in good condition for a long defence, I am refolved to defend 
 myfelf to the lall extremity. The capitulation which you may- 
 think proper to grant, may determine me to furreuder the 
 place to you, in order to prevent (hedding the blood of the 
 men who defend it. Whatever refolution you come to, there 
 is one left to mc, which would hurt the interefls of the fove- 
 rcign you ferve. I have the honour to be, f<c. 
 
 The Count u'IIaussonville." 
 
 Colonel Amherll's reply. 
 
 Camp before St. John's, Sept. iBth, 17G2. 
 
 •' I have jull had the honour of your letter. His Hritannic 
 
 Majclly's fleet and army co-operating iiere, will not give any 
 
 other terms ro the garrifoii of St. Joha's, than then- furreiidering 
 
 pi'foners of war. 
 
 r p p " I do 
 
 i 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 a very cflcntial fervicc ; for, by the time he reached it, the 
 garrifon was reduced to the greatcft ftraits. But this was not 
 enough to fatisfy his martial ardour. He unhappily confidered 
 the Indians as a very defpicable foe, and dcfpifcd them accord- 
 ingly. As foon, therefore, as he became acquainted with 
 their fltuation, he fuppofed that it could be no difficult matter 
 
 4^r 
 
 »763- 
 
fcvcrclv wounclccl to aCt, allumcu tiie tomuia..u, ,>».... -; 
 -' thcic 
 
 o I i\, 
 
 III 
 
 w 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 Your moll humble and mod obedient fcrvanr, 
 The Count d'Haussonvillb." 
 
 Terms of CifUuiitlon required by //.v ^.irrifon of St, John's^ and the 
 troops in general in that place. 
 
 I. The 1 rcnch troops fliall I'urrcndcr prii'oncrs of war. 
 Granted. 
 
 II. The commirtioncd and non-commiflioncd officer'? fliall keep 
 their arms to be tlie bctier al)Ic to keep their men in order. 
 
 CiRANTKn. 
 
 III. Good fliips ni.ill be allowed the ofliccrs, grenadiers, foldicr?, 
 wounded as well as not wounded, within a month, to tranf- 
 port them to I'rancc, and land them on the coaflsof Britanny. 
 
 Gkantkd ; Lord Golvillc will, of coiufe, embark ihcmas iooKi 
 as he poiTibly tan. 
 
 6 . IV. 
 
 •*fcf.'>^' 
 
 Ix 
 
 4^8 
 
 r, \ 
 
 HISTORY OF -^IIE 
 
 manded by Lieutenant Brown, was urcd upon bv the enemy 
 from under the cover ot ii;eu- works, and had fcvoral men 
 killed and wounded. Some of the balls reached to the main 
 bodv, and threw the men into fome confuUon ; but they foon 
 recovered. Captain Grey then returned the enemy's lire on the 
 frnnt of their works, as thu nuartcr ^vhcrc moil execution 
 
'■ 1 
 
 11 r r 
 
 luming 
 
 ^H vanCCti il ifiliuil, tOOK. on iliiiVn. ;i VO liCiV-iiiiiliC "ivn iv^..ivv v.; 
 
 the terms that fliouUl be granted to ihe g.urifoa of St. John's, 
 and had the plcafure to find, on Lord Colville's return, that 
 his Lordfliip approved ihcm. 
 
 The fpirit and pcrfevcrancc of the troc^ps employed on thi? 
 occafion, exceeded the mod fanguine hopes, even of their own 
 olllccrs, who knew tliem bell On their alacrity entirely 
 depended the recovery of this valuable iilaiul, bcfoie the bad 
 fealbn fet in ; and Colonel Amhcrll's endeavours to keep alive 
 that fpirit were efllvtually feconded by Colonel Tuliken. 
 
 Captain Macdonald was to have proceeded to T.ngland with 
 an account of this advantage ; but his wound, a broken leg, 
 not being thought fulliciently healed for that purpofe. Captain 
 Campbell, of the twenty-fecond regiment, was named to re- 
 place him, and carry the colours the French had hoillcd on the 
 fort of St. John's, 
 
 ' J 
 
 P P p a 
 
 The 
 
 LAT£ WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 .th'efe events, devolved upon hiin; and continuing the retreat, 
 took pofleflion of the houfes, barns, and fences, in the way to 
 the fort. But Captain Rogers, having been hard prefFed by the 
 enemy, from behind a houfe iii which he had taken poll, 
 was obliged to wait for one of the row-gallies to cover his 
 retreat. When the boat arrived, and had difperfed the favages 
 
 .^ ;. 
 
by this march. ihcy were too wcii utquaimtu 
 
 NVlllt l"V- 
 
 llrcngth 
 
 n 
 
 ;h 
 
 J 
 
 ^i 
 
 :|# 
 
 1^' 
 
 A ccniition of arms, which now took place, was, in a fliort 
 time, followed by a dcllnitivc treaty. This treaty was figncd 
 at Verfailles, on the loth day of February 1763, and rcftored 
 peace to Irancc, Spain, and Kngland, in every quarter ot the 
 
 SU)bc. 
 
 THE 
 
 rilSTORV OT THE 
 
 fuming and difpiriting difeafes of the Weft-India climate, faw 
 themfclves, when they leaft expecfled it, fuddenly engaged in 
 an expedition, which required the utmoft activity, and the mod 
 vigorous conftitution. 
 
 .J i.^<.» >^U'i->t-t •■/-» nrpmrp r> rnrvvov 
 
 of 
 
 nrovilmnc; on 
 
IS. r I « 
 
 Ail.AL4.A« 
 
 / '.ry hike JcVo\ii Jorts. D. .'roit chjVly bhchnUJ. I'ort-Pitt 
 
 bi-Jii'^fJ. Rt/iif/tut to Dilroit anJ A'w^.j;-.;. Stii:ta;^cm of the 
 
 huiuns, tofurpnfc the ^mnj'm of Dctr/it, iLfcJt.J. i\;//j by dip- 
 
 tain Dalyell. Re I uf fait to Fort-Pitt, under Colonel liourjiut. 
 
 '-^'Sie^eof Fort- Pitt nifj by the hulians. Ai lions between the 
 
 Fn^ii/h and the Indians near Htifhy-Run. Colonil Ihufjuet arrives 
 
 at Fort-Pill. Great bravery of the erezt> of a vejjil. Spirit of 
 
 difeontent atmn^rj} //,£. Fne;tifb troops. The eaufe of it removed by 
 
 ^'*' jf<^ff''^y ^tmheij}. The h'inj's approbation of the late behaviour of 
 
 the troops near Ihijhy-Run Plan of operation for the year 1764, 
 
 by Colonels Bouquet and liradfreet. Mfor General G.i^e fiieeeeds 
 
 Sir 'Jejfrcy Amherjl.^—— Colonel Bradfreet and Sir irUliam johnfon 
 arrive at Niagara., .vul fnd a great number of Indians there.— —' 
 
 Tranf ill ions ivith them. Colonel BraJjireet's orders eoncerniny; his 
 
 conduct toivards the ItUian'. SirJViHi.airJJjtfon returns hime., and 
 
 the Indians difperfe. Colonel Brad;:reet nut by Indian nations 
 
 filing for peace. Preliminaries granted them. (.llonel Brad- 
 freet gives an account '.J his proceedings to General Gaje and Colonel 
 
 Bonquet, 
 
 (1 , 
 
 Ji 1 
 
 III 
 
 J I 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 flrcngth ami ferocity of the enemy, not to look upon them as 
 more than an overmatch for Colonel Bouquet's army, con- 
 fidcring the fmall number and weak condition of the regulars 
 which compofcd it. Such of them therefore, as had fettlc- 
 ments on the Sufquehana, held themfclves in readinefs to 
 abandon them on the firll news of the fatal event they apprc- 
 
 491 
 
 1763. 
 
 Mil 
 ft.. 
 
to attend to the relief of his partners in danger, whiUt lie tooK. 
 jj^ every 
 
 \'i 
 
 II 
 
 I. 
 
 
 Till', general peace, which thus put an end to a mull cx- 
 tcntivc and bloody war. was jullly decmcil, by the bulk 
 of mankind, a happy event. But the Hritilh fid)jeas in North- 
 America tlmu-ht they had particular reafon to rejoice at ir, a^ 
 ii left the l-rench I'o little power in tlieir neighbourhood, and 
 determined by it the boimdaries between the two nations, 
 with the greatcll accuracy and precifion. In this, however, 
 tlu'v I'H.n found thenifelves greatly mirtakcn. i hey did not 
 fu!h< icntly confuler the jealous temper of the Indians included 
 within thcfe bounds nor the opportunity which the French, 
 by retaining pofUlIion of NVw-Orleans, and tlie joint naviga- 
 tion of the Mu'Udippi, (Idl had of inllaming tluit jcaloufy. What 
 r.larmcd them mcA was the chains of forts running through 
 their country, in almoll every direc'iion ; efpccially thofe buiU 
 on their lakes, and on the fcveral llraits between them. Tliole 
 military cftablilhments, they looked upon as the embryos of 
 fo many new colonies, by which, fooncr or later, they would 
 be elbowed out of tl^- land of their forefather^ ; and a very 
 
 imprudent 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fmall polls on the route, by which the communication was to^ 
 be kept up. 
 
 In the mean time, Fort-Ligonicr was in great danger of fall- 
 ing into the hands of the enemy, before the Colonel could 
 u ;. Ire ,l,.f'pnrp= were verv bad, the carrifon weak, and 
 
other 
 
 -rrTTT—TT 
 
 cfTc^fls ot" whUli, accorciin^ly, became every «!:iy moio and 
 more vilible. V/e mention tlicfc particular;;, not only to recom- 
 mend the manner in whiih the Trench treat the Indir.ns as 
 highly deferving to be imitatctl by us ; but to wear out ol' the 
 minds ot I'uth of our dtludcd couim ynicn as are not entirely 
 dertitutc of good I'enl'c ami humanity, the prejudices conceived 
 againll an innocent, mudi abufed, and once happy people. 
 who, with all their fimplicity, are no Grangers to the (ivl\ 
 principles of morality; and, accordingly, entci tain as deep a 
 fcnie of the jufticc. benevolence, and condcfccnfion of their 
 former friends, the Irei.ch, as they do of the injullicc, cruelty, 
 and infolencc, with which they have been uied by their pre- 
 feni fellow-fubjeas, the F.nglilJi. 
 
 Ihit it may be proper to give an inllancc or two of this dilfe- 
 rencc. The I'rcneh court encouraged marriages between its 
 
 fubjeifls 
 
 ^4»« 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 every mcafure which prudence and military (kill could fuggefl 
 to enfurehisown fafety, by preventing furprife, repuliing open 
 attacks, and rendering ufelefs or defeating the cfteds of the 
 burning arrows, which the Indians fliowered into the place. 
 With this view, he formed into companies all the fugitives 
 that were capable of carrvinir arms •. and thev did dutv witli 
 
IU.111 \_Jiaiiaiii, *-*i.x-<.n.> 
 
 tenant 
 
 .1 
 
 i 
 
 
 (Irunkftmcls arifo!., anjon^ ihtiu, all (lilDiilcis. I laic is no- 
 thing, let ic l)c ever To iluHking and ;\lM)miii.il)Ie, of whith an 
 in!«>xieatt«l Indian is nottap.iMc ; nay, wiiich he will not inatily 
 enileavo»n- to tomniit ; ami, unfortunately, there is no advan- 
 tage which the Knglilh traders lVrui)le to take of thcni in that 
 tU| iiuahle n»n«liiivjn. 'Ihcy inipofe on the nun hoth in huying 
 ai'd lolling, a!)nre their wives and daughters, and other tenialc 
 relations ; and go yet greater lengths, if |M)ilihle, in every 
 oiher IJHcie.s ot wiikeilnefi. Wlieie is the wonder then, if 
 >vc lootten fuul tlie Indians on our bucks, without being able 
 to p.ntieitlarile the motives of liieir inlurreOlion : We might 
 very well wonder it it weie otherwife. Thus, the bare beha- 
 viour of a few dillolute peillars has often, without any other 
 ailignable caufe, coll the lives of many of our moll inolRntlve 
 and indullrious fellow-iubjecl', wluj arc jud emerging from 
 tlic gloom ol want and toil, into tl.e fair jnofpccl of cafe and 
 afllucncc. 
 
 I There 
 
 11 
 
 il .\ 
 
 49A 
 
 i76> 
 
 . HISTORY or THE 
 
 other llorc",, and purfuc his rout with the troops only, and 
 tboiit three hundred and forty horfes loaded with flour. He 
 i,;ul to pals a place called Turtlc-Clreek, a dangerous defile, 
 nvany miles in length, and commanded, on every fide, by fteep 
 hWh. Having halted fome time to refrelli his men and horfes 
 „ n.. ^^...^ iw. .■y,^^r m :i Tt-rolution of makiuff a forccd 
 
LATE V/AR IN AMERICA. 
 
 tenant Donald Campbell, and Volunteer Peebles of the fevcnty- 
 levcnth, wounded. The battle ended only with the day. The 
 great aclivity of Major Campbell, ol' the fortv-lccond regi- 
 ment, was of inlinitc fcrvicc upon this very critical occafion. 
 Indeed, the conduct of the ollicers in general, was above praife; 
 and the men kept themfclvcs, the whole time, fo cool, and 
 
 T»r>1->«ifi->f1 fe^ flfn/liK" fine tlini* iir>\'r>r> i f-f/-'iv\ t-«t/->f1 tr^ fl !• 
 
 495 
 
 r% ^iri t 
 
 1»^, 
 
 llkA * ■ kl T KB- kH, MLJ t-kr ' VeiM. ■ L^ I 
 
 44U4AI- ft! 
 
 a ULJLK^M. ki.lKt_&li_XLJfMh^^ 
 
 luiruiciuly provide againll any att.iik fron\ them. Our hopes 
 pnH'cd as vain and (iiort-lived, as ihcy liad been fangiunc and 
 premature ; antl the Ilorm arofc from that (piarter from which 
 wc lead cxpe*flcd it. 
 
 It foon appeared, that at the very time wc were reprcfenting 
 the hidians to ourfclvcs as tomplctely fubdued. and pcrfcc'lly 
 obedient to our power, they were bufy in planning the dellruc- 
 tion, not only of our moll infignificant and remote forts, but 
 our moll important and ceniral Iciilemcuts. 1 hey had colicaed 
 abimdance of fmall arms and ammunition, and every other 
 necelVary fu( h a hollile and general defign could fiiggcll ; and 
 then proceeded to the execution t)f it, with a degree of acflivity 
 and refolution, fuch as till this occafion they had never before 
 (lifcovcreil. The Shawancfe and Pelawares, in partlcidar, the 
 original fchcmers of this war, were fo eager to begin it, that it 
 was with much dilliculty they could be prevailed upon to 
 
 Qjl (1 refrain 
 
 
 I 
 
 •"» 
 
 
Jution ; 
 
 t.l.lL.A.A^1^4- I 
 
 X 1 LJ*ri."t, .1.4. 1 A ^C Tli 
 
 LilAL^^k. r^T^T? 
 
 TJA I iyj f L 1^^**1*^1.1.. 
 
 g r ti 111^1.^ 
 
 I 
 
 tl! 
 
 \ 
 
 
 iticmltlvcs nullcri oi Ix Ikvuf, V'cnangt*, rrcliiuc-lilc, and 
 S.imlulky, on I .ikc-Iric ; ot I.a lUyc, on I..ikc-Miclii:»an; at St. 
 Joi'cpln on ihc Kivci'St. Jofcplu of the Mi.iniis, on tl»c Ilivcr- 
 Miamii ; ot ()ii.uIu.inon, on the Ou.ib.i(.!i, and of MkitiU- 
 mackin.ick. 
 
 The f^.irrilbns of all tlicfc fort^ were very weak, a«, from 
 the ijcncral peace to lately concludctl, it was thouf^iit they had 
 mulling to apprehend; and troni the nature ot then- lituaiion, 
 they could not receive, in cal'e of danger, any immediate alliil- 
 ance, either from the colonies, or from each either. The la- 
 diani, knowinji; their weak and lielpler;i condition, employ- 
 ed, ncvenhclefs, llratagcm as well ai force againll tlieni. 
 They made it their bulincfs to perfuadc the garrifon it\ every 
 fort, that thofc in the others had furrcndcrcd, helorc they 
 themlclvc i v.ill knew whether they really had or not ; and 
 thus, by niakiuij their liiuaiiou appear defperatc, prevailed on 
 
 many 
 
 . 
 
 ;. !M 
 
 i\ \ 
 
 '763- 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Tied to his wounded and his convoy, the Colonel could not 
 lofe fight of cither, without cxpofmg them to fall a prey to the 
 favagcs, who prelVed upon him on every fide: Yet, to move 
 ■with the whole was impradicablc, as he had loft a great many 
 horfes, and the drivers, ftupefied l)y fear, had cither hid thcm- 
 fclves in the buihcs, or were become incapable of obeying or 
 
t^ 
 
 '"/^* 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lution } but could not -withftand the irrcfiftible force of bay- 
 onets, with which the Major ruflicd in upon them, kilUng 
 many, and putting the reft to flight. In the mean time, orders 
 having been r«.iit to the other two companies to improve the 
 advantage, they were deUvered fo critically by Captain Baflet, 
 and executed with fo much celerity and fpirit, that the routed 
 
 ilih* 
 
 'I he news «)t the lof* of fo n>any places, and of the rava;»cs 
 which tl»c hulians AiU coniinutcl to conuuit, fprcad cotWlcina- 
 iit)n tl»n)ii^;Ii the provinces, and depopulated a confulcraMc 
 part of the frontier. In the fp.ue ot a few day % the F.ngliih 
 f.iw thcmf lvc-> <lcprived of the fruits of fcvcral blocnly and 
 txpcnfivc c.unpaign;. Tlicy wax driven from fomc of the 
 po:?s, the difpute al) )ut which h.ul been tlic princip.il cauli: of 
 the war, a;* tlie polle.'lion of them wan one nt' tlic grcatcd 
 advantages ohtaineil l)y the peace. 7 heir ad'airs. however, 
 were not yet tiuitc delperate. The Ii.^ndi into whicli I'lefc 
 places fell were fuch as couKl not krcp t'icm, like the IVench j 
 and ihey were lUll nuillers of I'ori-riu, Niagara, and Detroit. 
 
 Tiicfe fort'', hcfides being much lar.^er as well as better 
 conftrueted than the re(], had fiillieient /;arrifons to furtain a 
 fiege of fome continuance. Niar^ara was not clofely attacked ; 
 hut fome fcatterin^^' parties infelled the (iuminunieation bc- 
 
 <^'l <j a twecn 
 
 k 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
' 'f 
 
 .> 
 
 SI h . 
 
 
 I 
 
 1^ 
 
 . I ■ 
 
 '» 
 
 Vi, 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 merlons of the front attacked, appeared entirely dcftroycd, 
 though the laaer exerted their utmoll cilorts to repair, in 
 the night, tlie injuries of the day, by conftru«5biag new mer- 
 lons made with logs of cedar, which they covered with nets 
 of diick ropes, in order to fccurc thcmielvc from the 
 fplinters. 
 
 The ftrcngth of the EngUfli army diminiflied daily, though 
 it was fupportcd as much as pofliblc by the Admiral and the 
 Commodore, who now landed live hundred more fca....n to 
 crccT: a battery, on which they were to fcrvc their own guns. 
 TIic greatell part of tliofc who remained on board the ivicn of 
 war were employed in making junks, blinds, and mantelets; 
 and the 4oih regiment, in preparing the gabions that would 
 be wanted to carry on a fap. On the ijjth, all the merlons of 
 the Moro being entirely ruined, Lord Albemarle order^'l a lioyau 
 to be immediately conftrudtcd all along the fea-fliore, protedcd 
 by gabions lillcd with cotton, for want of other materials ; and 
 a lodgment was made on the glacis. This favourable event 
 gave double life to the operations of the Er-rlifli; but it was 
 fomewhat damped by a full difcovery of wh t their fears had 
 hitherto made them barely fufpeiH:, a new id almoll infur- 
 mountable difficulty. This was the extrac dinary breadth 
 and depth of the ditch, the dimenfions of w Ich deferve, on 
 that account, to be particularly mentioned. They were as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Facing the fea-baftion, it was, 
 
 Feet. 
 Depth, - 63t 
 
 Hreadth at bottom, 43 
 IJreadth at top, - 56 
 
 Facing 
 
 ,"f 
 
 J - — - 
 
 li^- 
 
5<5i 
 43 
 
 45 
 31 
 431 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Facing the center of the courdnc, Depth, 
 
 Breadth at bottom, 
 Breadth at top, - 
 
 Facing the land-baftion. Depth, 
 
 Breadth at bottom. 
 Breadth at top, - 
 To fill up fuch a gulph in any expeditious way, appeared ut- 
 terly impoflible, though many romantic propofals were offered 
 fcff that purpofe. Difficuk as the work of mining is in a folid 
 rock, it was the only expedient that could be employed on the 
 occafion ; and it might have proved impoffible even to fet about 
 it, if fortunately for the beficgcrs, a thin ridge of rock had not 
 been left to prevent the fca from beating into the ditch. Fa- 
 voured by this ridge, the Englifli miners got over, with fomc 
 diflTitulty, on the j.uih, to the foot of the wall of the Moro ; 
 a thing impradicable in every other place, and made their 
 way into the body of the baftion. In the afternoon, a fhaft 
 was begun to be funk without the covered way, for another 
 mine to throw the counterfcarp into the ditch, in order to fill 
 it up, if poflible, fhould there be a ncccflity for fo doing. 
 The fap was likewifc continued along the glacis, and a gun 
 plante<l in the faliant angle of the covered way. 
 
 433 
 1762. 
 
 1:' 
 
 It now became vifible to the Governor of the Havanna, that, 
 unlcfs fomcthing was immediately done for the relief of the 
 Moro, it muft fpeedily be reduced. He therefore made every 
 preparation for a (Irong fortie, and every encouragement was 
 offered to the country militia, mulattocs, and negroes, that 
 could operate on bigottcd minds ; fiicli as prayers, bulls, par- 
 dons, and abfolutions. The circiimftances of the Spaniards 
 were now become dcfpcrate ; and in this one exertion of their 
 
 K k k whole 
 
 ■ ' . ' 
 
 i\ '■ 
 
 m 
 
434 
 
 1762. 
 
 I.' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 whole (Ircngth, all their hopes were centered. To raifc tlie 
 fiegc by one decifive blow was now their folc aim, as it was 
 their only refource. 
 
 The EngUfli, uninformed of the impending danger, conti- 
 nued ihcir fubtcrrancous labours, which were much imncdcd 
 by the obllrujlion of very large lloncs. However, by two in 
 the morning of the 22d of July, their miners liad penetrated 
 about eighteen feet under the face of the baftion of the Moro 
 that was oppofite to their right. Their fap too was, in fome 
 degree formed before this face, and part of the courtinc 
 near the palifades, where the engineers, fearing it fliould be 
 taken in flank from the town, had dirccled it Hiould turn off 
 from the glacis, and be carried along the height, from whence 
 the ground, or rather the bare rock, flopcs to the fci on one 
 fide, and to the harbour on the other. Colonel Carleton, Bri- 
 gadier General of the day, difapproved this deviation from the 
 glacis, on which alone there was fuflicicnt earth to carry the 
 work on : But even with this advantage, the work could not 
 but prove both diilicult and tedious, lying, as it would, in open 
 view of the batteries in the town, and thofe of the fliips in the 
 harbour; for it would certainly draw the fire of the Spaniards 
 from tlicfc places, as it extended from their batteries to the 
 glacis, and whidi w.is tlieir only comnumication: Brigadier 
 Carleton, therefore, fent for Captain Dixon, the engineer of 
 the night, and tviking liim along the palifades to tlie left, 
 poiiucd out that fpot to him as alone proper for that purpofc, 
 fuicc there the fap might be carried on with cafe and fafctv; 
 and when ma-lc, would command the entrance of the diicli 
 and front attacked. This new plan being approved by Captain 
 Dixon, the workmen were ordered to conform to it. 
 
 The 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The appearance of the atmofphere foretelling the approach 
 of clay, a fcrjcant and twelve men were detached to look into 
 tlic fpur which inclined from the Moro towards the fea, but 
 fomething lower than the level of the rampart from whence it 
 ran out. Their orders were to make no noife, and to obferve 
 well that work, the nature of its communication with the body 
 of the fort, and, if poflible, the ftate of the garrifon. Accord- 
 ingly, after getting over the narrow flip of the rock which led 
 to the entrance of the mine, they defcended a ladder placed in 
 a confined notch of the rock, to the edge and level of the fea ; 
 fi-om thence they mounted a longer ladder, and endeavoured 
 to get to the top of the parapet. Thefe ladders had been 
 placed the night before by two engineers, who reported, that 
 they had been difcovered, and that large ftones had been 
 thrown down upon them. Rut to return to our adventurers ; 
 the third man had fcarccly reached the top of the ladder, when 
 about twelve Spaniards, who were lying clofe on their faces, 
 darted up and gave the alarm. On this the ferjeant returned 
 immediately ; but he was fent back again to obey his orders 
 more fully. In this fecond attempt he was foon fired at from 
 the Moro, but received no injury. The firing now extended all 
 round the ramparts of the Moro, and even to the fide of the 
 harbour ; which proved, that the numbers within were much 
 greater than thofe without generally believed. The alarm bell 
 rang in the Moro ; the reveille was beat by all the drum- 
 mers in the town, though the day was but faintly broke on the 
 horizon. The diilant pofls of the Englifli caught the alarm ; 
 yet even thofe on the glacis could fee no caufe for all this trepi- 
 dation, though fomething veiy ferious, it might be thence in- 
 ferred, was on the point of execution. Soon after, they heard 
 two or three fliots towards their left ; and quickly after, a clofe 
 
 K k k 2 and 
 
 435 
 1762. 
 
 7; 
 
43^ 
 
 ) 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and heavy report of muflcetry, which appeared big with dan- 
 ger from the firft inftant of its becoming fenfiblc. This reporc 
 proceeded from the firing made by a body of twcnty-five hun- 
 dred Spaniards, who had crolFcd the harbour without being 
 perceived on account of the darkncfs of the night, and the 
 profound lilence which they obferved. But though the dark- 
 ncfs of the night and their profound fdence might have con- 
 cealed tlicir landing, it would have been impoilible for them 
 to have advanced undifcovered; if, agreeable to the orders given 
 by Brigadier Carlcton at Stuart's pod ; a detachment had been 
 made, every half hour, during the whole night, to patrole 
 between that poft and tl>c water's edge. The negletft of tliis 
 necefl'ary precaution afforded the Spaniards an opportunity of 
 taking poft, and concealing themfelves amongft the flirubs at 
 the foot of the hill till the dawn of day, when the tolling ot 
 the morning bells was to have been their Tignal of attack. 
 But it was, fortunately for the belicger , ^jrccipitated by tlic 
 alarm given from the Moro» 
 
 The firing from this detachment of the Spaniards continuing 
 with great vehemence, the Englilh, who were at work in re- 
 pairing their batteries, threw down their tools and ran to their 
 arms. Dixon's battery, and another two hundred yards behind 
 it, called Williams's, were firft expofed, as being neareft to the 
 harboiir. Thefe batteries were each covered by a party oF 
 about thirty men, advanced ftill nearer the harbour into the 
 woo<l, witli about two huruired yards of cleared ground clufc 
 to tlic glacis and the fide of the harbour between them. Lieu- 
 tenant Henry, of the thirty-fourth, commanded :he party near 
 Dixon's, which was ported in a ftone-quarry, as in a kind of 
 covered way. Lieutenant Colonel Stuart, of tlic ninetieth, coiu- 
 S mauded 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 mandcd the other ; and his men were placed behind fonw 
 fafcincs, which had been thrown tlierc for other purpofes, and 
 an abbattis of a fort of prickly Weft-India ihrub, called by bota- 
 nifts the Prickly Pear, or Ficoidcs, ran before them juft out 
 of tlv; wood, A fmall party of twenty-five men was now 
 ordered into the wood, to occupy the intermediate fpacc be- 
 tween thefe two ports. The guards in the neareft batteries 
 were alfo fmall ; but one hundred and fifty men, under the 
 command of Major Farmer, of the thirty-fourth, were polled 
 in the battery that had been burned about one hundred yards 
 from Dixon's ; hir. men, however, were under arms before the 
 alarm, and he marched one hundred of them off without delay 
 to fupport the two firft mentioned pofts, conformable to the 
 orders he had received a few hours before from Brigadier 
 Carleton, and the Brigadier palling by immediately after, took 
 the remaining fifty ; and in a Ihort time was joined by the 
 royal, which had been encamped near the batteries, under a 
 rock, with a view of fupporting the advanced guards in cafe 
 of a fortie, and now came up full fpccd for that purpofc. 
 Upon this. Brigadier Carleton fent back the fifty men of Major 
 Farmer's he had taken with him, as the fire of the Spaniards 
 cncreafed from one moment to another, and extended towards 
 the fap, which the burned battery in fome meafure prote(fted. 
 The royal were led diretflly to Stuart's port, where, meeting 
 with Major Farmer, Brigadier Carleton ordered him to follow 
 that corps ; and then conduiftcd tlie whole clofe to the left of 
 that poft ; from whence, after clearing the woods, and turning; 
 lliort to the right, in order to gain the flank of the Spaniards, 
 he marched in file dire^ly to a rock, which, Hoping gently to- 
 the land, covered the Englilli from the floating batteries of the 
 Spaniards, as well as thofc of the town, but to tlic harbour 
 
 terminated 
 
 437 
 
 1762, 
 
 
 !/l 
 
 ' ) i 
 
 
 ,!'■ 
 
 7'it.i 
 
438 
 
 ■ M' 
 
 If' 
 
 ' , I 
 
 1-62. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 terminated in a precipice : Such is the ground back to thcSp.v 
 niih redoubt ; but advancing to the Moro, it Hopes down to 
 the harbour, (o as to alford an ealy afccnt, and is rxpofcd to 
 the full (ivc of the Spaniards. It was here the Spaniards landed, 
 afccndcd the heights, and began their attack on the Knglilh, 
 with a view of dillodging tiieni from fomc of their batteries ; 
 in which cafe, they were to have been fupported by the 
 remainder of the Spanifli troops, wlio were under arms readv 
 to crofs the harbour. The Knglilh received them with tlicir 
 ufual (leadinefs, and had two or three men wovmded by the 
 firft fire they received at Stuart's poll ; but Henry's being 
 taken at once in front and flank, they had fevcn men killed. 
 The Spaniards then made an attempt on the fapof the Englifli; 
 but timid, as well as ignorant of the fituation of their enemv, 
 they flirunl; afule from a galling fire given them by the royal, 
 which laded about ten or fifteen minutes, if, in fuchcircum- 
 ftances, the length of time may be guelled at. The Spaniards, 
 not knowing the real force and fituation of the Englilh, did 
 not, at firft, difpofe of their numbers to the greateft advantage; 
 and, being taken in flank by the parties of the royal and 
 Farmer's, they were Coon driven down the hill in confufion. 
 The foremoft of the rimaways, feizing on their boats, imme- 
 diately put off; thofe left behind fliifted from place to place, 
 calling to their friends on the other fide, like people in defpair. 
 The faintnefs of the light being no fmall advantage to trcK)ps 
 whofe ftrength did not confill in numbers ; the whole force of 
 the Knglifli was now ordered to advance. Ihc royal, Major 
 Farmer's corps, and the parties which had been pofletl in the 
 intermediate fpace between Stuart's and Henry's ports, puflicd 
 forward, forming a curved line of one fingle rank upon the 
 top of the heights, from which their fliot, centering on the 
 
 fugitives, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 fugitives, galled tliem exceedingly, whilfl the fire in return, 
 from the confufcd fuuation of thofc who made it, proved very 
 dcfultoiy and unccjual. But notwithftanding this advantage, 
 Brigadier Carlcton judged it prudent to draw off his troops, as 
 they had infcnfibly dcfcendcd tlic lull more than half way; 
 and therefore, as the light became llronger, muft, if they con- 
 tinued in their prefcnt fuuation, be cxpofed to the floating bat- 
 teries, with thofe of the Punta fort and north baflion ; all which 
 were the more formidable, as his men were within the reach 
 of grape fliot from them. The Brigadier afterwards palling 
 by Stuart's port, ordered that officer to repeat his orders, and 
 haftcn the retreat of the troops that had defcended the hill, 
 where a brilk fire was dill kept up. Then, having informed 
 himfelf that all was well at Dixon's, he returned to thefe 
 troops, and by urging the men to be expeditious in their 
 retreat, he fortunately got them off the heights before a finglc 
 cannon was difcharged againft them. They had fcarce, how- 
 ever, gained the top of the hill, when they perceived, almofl: 
 within muflcct-ihot, a party of Spaniards which had, by fomc 
 negligence, been permitted to pafs the Spanifli redoubt to the 
 afiillunce of their friends below, though too hue to give them 
 any aflilUuicc. Brigadier Carlcton being now wounded by a 
 mulkct-lhot that broke his arm, Major farmer took the com- 
 mand, attacked and foon drove the Spaniards to the place from 
 whence they came. Then, polling his men near the edge of 
 the precipice, he gave them an opportunity of firing down, 
 witli entire lafety to themfelves, into the boats. The whole 
 Knglilh camp being by this time fufficicntly acquainted with 
 tlie nature of their danger, Major General Keppcl ordered the 
 brigades on the left, to the Spanilli redoubt, and thofe on the 
 right, to the batteries, and marched himfelf, with the royal 
 
 Americans, , 
 
 
 
 •:. \ 
 
 -^■■/iU 
 
?'i 
 
 :» 
 
 ■^ 
 
 440 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Americans, to the right of the Englifli batteries, in order to 
 purfuc the fugitives j but mofl of them had already gained the 
 oppofitc fliorc. 
 
 Thus ended this fortic of the Spaniards, with the lofs of very 
 few men to the EngUfli, if compared with that of the enemy; 
 or if it be confidered, that their all was at (lake: But then, the 
 worth of thofe who fell rendered that lofs irreparable for tlic 
 prefent. 
 
 A flag of truce was now hung out by the Spaniards, and a 
 mcfTcnger foon after arrived from them, dcfiring pcrmifrion to 
 bury their dead, which amounted to four hundred and eighty- 
 five ; whereas thofe of the Englifti did not exceed eighty-five. 
 The limited time for this office being expii-ed, the firing was 
 renewed on both fides with the utmoll vigour. 
 
 This was the lafl cflbrt made by the city for the relief of 
 the Moro, which yet held out with a fullen refoluiion, and 
 made no fort of propofal to capitulate. However, the ad- 
 vantages gained by tlie Englifli in this fally, gave them new 
 hopes; and thefc hopes became more lively by the arrival, 
 on the 27th of July, of part of the long expecHied reinforce- 
 ment from North-America, under Brigadier Burton, whicli had 
 failed from New-York on the 1 ith of June. The Chellcrficld, 
 and four tranfports of the fleet which brought it, had the mif- 
 fortune, on the 24th of July, to run on the Cayo Cotnfito, at the 
 entrance of the Bahama Straits, on the Cuba fide, about an 
 hour before day-light, and were ftranded; but neither fcamcn 
 nor foldiers were loil. This flicws the necefllty there was for 
 the precautions taken by the Admiral, when he ventured into 
 this dangerous channel. 
 
 But 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 nut notwitliflanding this reinforcement, the Earl of Albemarle 
 was now obliged to contract the (Uncrcnt out-pofts, on account 
 of the great fickncls amongll the troops. Me withdrew Lieute- 
 nant General Elliot, wiili the corps of obfcrvation under his 
 command, from Guananiacoi, and ported him at the entrance 
 of the wooil above the River Coximcr. He likewife drew in 
 the pods under Colonel Howe at Chorcra and St. Lazare ; no- 
 thing of any moment having happened at either of the three 
 places during the whole fiege, except a few Ikirmiflies, occa- 
 iioned by the cxcurfions of the light troops, and which always 
 terminated to their advantage. 
 
 On the 29th of July, the excavation for the mines was ready 
 to be loaded, and would have been loaded accordingly, and 
 fprung, had not the Spaniards brought two iloatiiig batteries 
 out of the harbour, and poflcd them in fuch a manner as ren- 
 dered it impratftitable, and made the bclicgcrs dofcr fpring- 
 ing them from the morning of the 30th, till near two o'clock 
 in the afternoon, wlien the follov.'ing diQx^iiiions for mount- 
 ing the breach expected from the explofion were made : Three 
 detachments of twelve men eacli, conimanilec! by an oflicer, 
 were to lead the attack; four companies of ilie lloyal and 
 Morgan's, with the fappers, making, in tlie whole, four 
 hundred and thirty-one men, were to follow, un<lcr the com- 
 mand of Lieutenant Colonel Stuart, of tlic uinetictii regi- 
 ment ; next Major General Keppcl, with the firll brigade; and 
 the other brigades were in rcadhiefs to fupport him. The 
 mines were now Ipriuig. Tluit in the countcrfcarp had no 
 cHeift ; but that in the ballion, having brought down a part of 
 both faces, made a breach, but ftarcely practicable for one 
 man in front. The troops in the covered way, who had been 
 ordered to withdraw for fear oi ii.jury from the flying rubbifh, 
 
 L 1 1 returned 
 
 441 
 1762. 
 
 I! 
 
 ' . ! 
 
 m: 
 
 Li '■;■ 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 
 returned, immediately on its fubliding, to their ports, anj 
 made a continual firing upon the top oi the breach, and the 
 polygon of the attack ; and though there was no getting even 
 to the foot of this narrow breach, but by filing the men one by 
 one, over the ridge of rock already mentioned, fo fatal to the 
 bcfieged, and to which, much as the bcfiegers were already ob- 
 liged for its giving fccurity to their miners, they were now to 
 be infinitely more fo for rendering the labours of thefe miners 
 fcrviceable. Major General Kcppel, relying on the experience 
 and bravery of his troops, loll not a fingle moment in making 
 the aflfault. He inftantly gave them orders to mount ; and 
 Lieutenant Charles Forbes, with the utnioft alacrity and refo- 
 lution, led them on. They formed very expeditioufly on the 
 top of the breach, and with fuch a happy combination of fpirit 
 and coolncfs, that the Spaniards, who were drawn up to receive 
 them, and who might have made the afTIiuIt an affair of great 
 bloodflicd, aftoniflied at their countenance, fled on every fide, 
 making but one (land behind a fmall traverfe thrown up in 
 one of the baftions ; and this was only whilft they difcliarged 
 their ready loaded arms. They then took to flight again, leav- 
 ing the Englidi in full poflcfllon of the Moro. 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 In this afliault, the Englifli lofl two lieutenants, with twelve 
 rank and file killed ; and one lieutenant, with four fcrjcants, 
 and twenty-three rank and file wounded. The lofs of the Spa- 
 niards was, one hundred and thirty killed, thirty-feven wound- 
 ed, three hundred and ten prifoners, and fixteen officers, all 
 on Ihore ; befidcs two hundred and thirteen drowned or killed 
 in the boats ; making, in the whole, fcven hiuidred and fix men. 
 
 Don Louis de Vclafco, the Governor, whofc fpirited condu(fl 
 had occafioned fo many toilfomc hours to the Englifli, and die 
 
 lofs 
 
Jlv 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lofs of fo many lives, was mortally wounded ; yet their noble 
 gcnerofity dropped a tear of pity over his unfortunate valour. 
 In confcquence of a flag of truce, he was removed from the 
 Moro to the Havanna, where he died the next day, regretted by 
 his friends, and lamented even by his enemies. The fecond in 
 command, the Marquis dc Gonzales, fell whilft he was mak- 
 ing brave but incflbftual efforts to animate and rally his people. 
 
 When the Moro was ftormed, the flatc o^ its garrifon was as 
 follows : 
 
 Commander-in-chief, Don Louis dc Velafco. 
 
 Second in command, Manjuis dc Gonzales. 
 
 Fort- major, Don Manuel dc Cordova. 
 
 Second Major, Don Lorenzo dc Milla. 
 
 Fort-adjutant, Don Pedro Mcnditta. 
 
 Second Adjutant, Don Francifco dc la Palma. 
 
 Engineer, Don Antonio rrcbofo. 
 
 Regular troops, fix captains, five lieutenants, fix fecond ditto, 
 two hundred and eighty fcrjcants, corporals, drums, and 
 private men. 
 
 Ofliccrs of the marine and feamcn: two captains, two lieu- 
 tenants, three hundred mariners, two ofliccrs of tlic works, 
 two negroe oflicers, and ninety-four negroes. 
 
 The flruggle for this fortrefs continued forty-four days, from 
 the commencement of the firft operations againll it ; and now 
 no time was loft by the conquerors to improve this then- fo 
 great advantage Tlic command of the Moro was given to 
 Lieutenant Colonel Dulling, and the (Ircngthof it turned againft 
 its late mailers. 
 
 !,'i 
 
 LU 2 
 
 Though 
 
 1 
 f , 
 
 \ ■ 1 . 
 
 I /'i^'J 
 
Uh 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Though the fickncfs in the F.ngllfli army ftlll raged like a 
 pcftilcntc, yet many new and great works were to he undertaken 
 before any rcalonable liopc couUl be formed of a final period 
 to their labours, by gaining the dry ; therefore, Lord Albemarle, 
 on the 3illot July, rcpaireil to t!ie well-fule of the town, to re- 
 tonnoiuc the ground, and thereupon i-egulatc his operations, 
 lliould it be found neccflary to form an attack on that fide. On 
 the 2d of Aui^ult, the Iceond divilion of the troops, expected from 
 North-America, arrived, except three Inuuhed and fitty-fivc 
 men, in five tranfports, which were picked out of the convoy 
 by a fijuadron of Trench men of war, on the 21ft of July, near 
 the pafi'age between Niaya Giianoa and tlic North-Caicos. In 
 the mean time, tlie Spaniards fired with great fury againll the 
 Moro, pointing their guns chiefly at that part of the work 
 whicli contained the cillerns, in hope'> of letting out the water. 
 On the eall-fide, ( ieneralKeppel proceeded to erecl fome batte- 
 ries on the Cavannos, which were ordered by Lord Albemarle; 
 thefe were to be railed by the joint labour of the full and 
 third brigades and the feamen, and to confift of forty-five 
 pieces of cannon. His orders were fo well obeyed, that thefe 
 batteries were ready by the icth, when Lord Albemarle, being 
 prepared to break ground on the well-fide of the town, about 
 ten in the morning of that day, fent, by an aid de camp, witli 
 a flag of truce, a fummons to the Governor to furrender on 
 capitulation, and the following letter: 
 
 Head-quarters on thcKland of Cuba, Augufl 9th, i;6z. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 •' My difpofitions for the reduction of the Havanna are made. 
 Motives of humanity induce me to ac([uaint your Excellency 
 therewith, that you may have an opportunity of making your 
 
 3 propofals 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 proporaTs to furrcndcr the Havanna to his Britannic Majcfty, 
 and thereby prevent the fatal calamities which always attend 
 the llorming of a town. 
 
 " No one can be more vcrfc k/ the flicdding of blootl than 
 I am : to prevent if as mucfi as in my power, I defire your Ex- 
 cellency to confider, il;sr, however my difpofition may incline 
 to humanity, it may not [,c polliblc to exttrifl its influence to 
 the prelervation of your troops in a manner they lb recently 
 experienced at the reduction of the Moro, where the fame ge- 
 nerous principle in the Uritifh troops reftrained thein from ac^s 
 of cruelty, when the cullom of war would have authorifed 
 and jullilied their putting to the fword the garrifon of a fort- 
 rcfi taken bv llorm. 
 
 " I am maftcr of the Civannos and the Moro, which your 
 F.xcellcncy, in a letter to Don Loui;; de Velafco, acknowledges 
 to be the key to the Ilavann.i. Add to this advantage, that of 
 pofleiling the port of Mariel, where the Admiral can anchor 
 with all his fleer, fliould the weather induce him to quit 'his 
 prefent ftaiion; and I have a confiderable army on this fide of 
 the town, which grows Ihonger by daily reinforcements. 
 
 " The oflicer entruflcd with this letter is one of my aids de 
 camp. His orders are to wait for your Excellency's anfwcr. 
 
 " Should your Excellency want palTports or efcorts for the 
 ladies who are at prefent in the town, I fliall mod readily 
 fend them to you, being very defirous to Ihcw you, upon all 
 occafions, how truly I am, Your Excellency's, &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Albemarle." 
 
 M 
 
 fr' 
 
 li 
 
 To 
 
 ''J 
 
 I h » { ! 
 
\ .' 
 
 (l! 
 
 
 446 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 To this letter, the Governor, after keeping the bearer till 
 between three and four in the afternoon, returned the follow- 
 ing anfwer, with the exprefs verbal declaration, that he would 
 defend the town to the laft extremity. 
 
 MY LORD, Havanna, Auguft loth, 1762, 
 
 •' 1 cannot agree to the propolUl your Excellency makes in 
 your letter of this day, bccaufc the town, from its conftru»5lion 
 and its prcfcnt condition^ is fucii, as will admit of a long de- 
 fence, and even aflbrds me hopes of preventing your fucccfs. 
 In this my conllant care and endeavours, as well as my moll 
 carncft wiflies, center ; nor do they admit of any diminution 
 by the letter to Don Louis dc Velafco, on which your Kxccl- 
 lency lays fuch llrcfs ; the only aim of that letter being, to 
 make him fcnfible of the importance of the pod he command- 
 ed, as it, no doubt, contributed to the defence and fecurity of 
 the body of the place. 
 
 •* I am very thankful for your Excellency's ofTer of pafTports 
 for the ladies in the town. 
 
 " I remain perfectly well difpofcd to oblige your Excellency, 
 and pray to Goo to prcfcrve you in health many years. 
 
 *' My Lord, I kifs your Excellency's hand, and remain your 
 mofl attentive and alRircd fcrvant, 
 
 Juan de Prado." 
 
 On the receipt of this letter, it was determined, that the 
 next morning Ihould convince the Governor that the menaces 
 employed againll him were not an empty boaft. The batteries, 
 which confillcd of forty-five pieces of cannon and eight mor- 
 tars, 
 
 . liiiirr"""^' " 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 tars, were opened at day-break, by the fignal of a rocket. 
 Their advantageous pofition alone rendered their fire truly 
 formidable ; but it was, befides, poured in on all fides with fuch 
 continued and irrcfiftible fury, that the Punta was filenccd be- 
 nvccn nine and ten o'clock ; and the north baftion, in a great 
 mcafurc, about an hour after, its firing being reduced to now 
 and then a fliot or two. At length, about three o'clock, flags 
 of truce were hung out all round the town, and on board the 
 Admiral's fliip; and one, foon after, arrived at the Englilh head- 
 quarters, with the town-major and an interpreter. Upon this, 
 Sir George Pococke was immediately fent to, and a fufpcnfion 
 of hoftilitics was agreed upon till the i2ih at noon. During 
 tins time, there arofc forae difputes between the dilFcrent com- 
 manding ofliccrs with regard to the capitulation ; but they 
 v^vre at laft fettled ; and on the 12th, the articles werefigned and 
 fcalcd. On the 14th, about noon, General Keppcl's corps, the 
 General being at that time very ill himfelt', took pofTcffion of the 
 Punta-gatc and ballion, and Brigadier Howv, of the land-gate; 
 tiic Englifli colours were hoillcd on both, and Captain Duncan 
 likewife took poflelfion of the men of war in the harbour, the 
 Spaniards having evacuated them in confequence of the capi- 
 tulation, which was as follows : 
 
 Articles of Qi^Atulatlon agreed upon betiveen Sir George Poeocke, Knight 
 
 0/ the Lath, and the Earl of Albemarle \ and the Marquis del Real 
 
 Tranfporte, Command er-in-chief of the fquadron of his Catholic Mrt- 
 
 jejly^ and Don Juan de Prado, Governor of the Uavanna ; for the 
 
 Surrender of the city and all its dependencies, -with all the SpanifJ) 
 
 Jhips in the harbour. 
 
 Preliminary Article. Fort-la-Punta, and the land-gate, fliall 
 be delivcied to his Britannic Majglly's troops to-morrow- 
 
 morning* , 
 
 447 
 
 1762. 
 
 t m, 
 
 Vi 
 
448 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 morning, the 13th Auguft, at twelve o'clock; at which time 
 it is expc(flcd the following articles of capitulation Ihall be 
 figncd and ratiiicd. 
 
 I. The garrifon, confiding of the infantry, artillcry-mcn, and 
 dragoons, the dillerent militia of the towns in this illand, 
 fliall march out of the land-gate the 20th inftant, provided 
 in that time no relief arrives, lb as to raifc the ficgc, with 
 all the military honours, arms fliouldcred, drums beating, 
 colours flying, fix field-pieces, with twelve rounds each, and 
 as many rounds to each foldicr. The r^jiments fliall take 
 out with them their military cheRs ; and the Governor fliall 
 have fix covered waggons, which are not to be examined 
 upon any pretence whatever. 
 
 ylnfiva: The garrifon, confiding of the regular troops, the 
 dragoons difmountcd, (leaving their horfes for his Britannic 
 Majcfty's fcrvice) in confideration of the gallant defence of the 
 Moro fort and the Ilavanna, fliall march- out of the Punta- 
 gate, with two pieces of cannon, and fix rounils for each i^uii, 
 and the fiime number for each foldier, drums beating, colours 
 ilying, and all the honours of war. '1 he military cheil. reiufed. 
 "Ihe Governor will he allowed as many boats as arc neccliJiv 
 to tranfport his baggage and cfl'ctfls on board the fliip deRined 
 for him. The militia without the town, as well as thofe with- 
 in, to deliver up their arms to the Britifh commiflary appointed 
 to receive them. 
 
 II. That the garrifon fliall be allowed to take out of this city 
 all their cfleoks, and tranfport themfelves witii them to ano- 
 ther part of the illand ; for which purpole there Ihall be 
 allowed and permitted to come freely into the faid ei;y, all 
 the bcails of burthen and cartb : And this article is to extend 
 
 to, 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 to, and include, all other officers belonging ro his Majoilv 
 employed in the adminiftration of jufticc, the intcndant oi' 
 marine, the commifTary of war, and the treafurer-general, 
 who are to have the choice of going out of the city. 
 
 Anfiver. The ofliccrs of the above garrifon will be allowed to 
 carry with thctn all their private efFcds and money, on board 
 the fhips which will be provided at the expcnce of his Bii- 
 tannic Majefty, to tranfport the garrifon to the ncarcfl part 
 of Old Spain. The intcndant of marine, commiflary of war, 
 and thofe employed in the management of his Catholic Ma- 
 jedy's revenues, as foon as they have delivered over their 
 accounts, Ihall have liberty to leave the ifland, if they de- 
 firc it. 
 
 i| 
 
 III. That the marines, and the fliips crews in this harbour, who 
 have ferved on Ihore, ihall obtain, on their going out, the 
 fame honours as the garrifon of the city, and (hall proceed 
 with thofe honours on board the faid fliips, that they may, 
 together with their Commander-in-Chief, Don Guitiercs do 
 Heveia» Marquis del Real Tranfporte, fail in their faid ihips, 
 as foon as the port is open, with all their efTccnis and money, 
 in order to proceed to fome other port belonging to the do- 
 minions of Spain i in doing which, they will oblige thcni- 
 fclves, that, during their navigation to their dcligned pvort, 
 they will not attack any fquadron or fingle fliip belonging 
 to his P.itannic Majefty or his allies, nor any merchant vcf- 
 fcls belonging to his fubjccls : On the other hand, they arc 
 not to be attacked by any fquadron or Tingle fliip belonging 
 to his Britannic Majefty, or any of his allies. Likcwifc, 
 liberty fhall be given to go on board the faid fliips, to tlie 
 aforementioned troops and fliips crews, with their ofliccrs, 
 
 M m m and 
 
it . 
 
 h?. 
 
 . ;!■* 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 anil others belonging to them, together with the efTct^s and 
 monies that are in the city, belonging to his Catholic Ma- 
 jelly, wiih ilie equipages and elleClis in I'pecic of gold or 
 lilvcr, belonging to the fiiid Marquis, and others employed 
 in the difl'crent marine ofliccs ; granting them likev/ife every 
 thing that fliall be neccllary to proted: ilicm and their 
 Ihips, a"? Nvcll as in the fitting them out from his Catholic 
 Majclly's ftores, and whatever more may be wanted, at the 
 current prices oF the country. 
 
 Anjivcr. The Marquis del Real Tranfporte, with his officers, 
 failors, and marines, as making part of the garrifon, fliall be 
 treated in every refpcct as the Governor and regular troops. 
 All (hips in the harbour of the Havanna, and all money and 
 eflcfls whatever, belonging to his Catholic Majefty, fliall be 
 delivered up to fuch perfons as fhall be appointed by Sir 
 George Pocockc and the Earl of Albemarle. 
 
 IV. That all the artillery, ftorcs, ammunition, and provifions, 
 belonging to his Catholic Majcdy, except fuch as are well 
 known to belong to the fquadron, an exact inventory fliall 
 be made thereof, by the alllilance of foiu' perfons, fubjects 
 of the King of Spain, which the Governor fliall appoint, 
 and by four others, fubjecfls to his Britannic Majefty, who 
 are to be chofen by his Excellency the Earl of Albemarle, 
 who fhall keep poU'efTion till both fovereigns come to ano- 
 ther determination. 
 
 Anpwer. All the artiller)-. and all kinds of arms, ammunition, 
 and naval ftores, without referve, fliall be delivered to fuch 
 perfons as fhall be appointed to receive them by Sir George Po- 
 cockc and the Earl of Albemarle. 
 
 V. 
 
 
 .»»H!-at» ,i««.^"-Y 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 V. That as by mere accident, his Excellency the Count de Su- 
 penmda, Lieutenant General of his Catholic Majcfty's forces, 
 and late Viceroy of Peru, and Don Diego Tavarcs, Major 
 General of his Majefty's forces, and late Governor of Car- 
 thagena, are both here in their return to Spain ; thcfe gentlc- 
 
 . men and their families fliall be comprehended in this capi- 
 tulation, allowing them to pofTcfs their equipages, and other 
 cire(n:s belonging to them, and to grant thcni vcflcls to tranf- 
 port tliem to Spain. 
 
 Anfwer. The Count Supcrunda, Lieutenant General of his 
 Catholic Majefty's forces, and hue Viceroy of the kingdorri of 
 Peru, and Don Diego Tavarcs, knight of the order of St. yar.-jc,'^, 
 Major General, and late Governor of Carihagcna, Ihall I>c c; :; • 
 veyed to Old Spain in the mod commodious Ihips tli ir c?n o: 
 provided, fuitable to the rank, dignity, and char.KHicio' ;■. vij 
 noble perfons, with all their efrc^T:s, money, and at: ..:J.jk:, 
 at fuch time as may be moft convenient to thcmftlvos. 
 
 1- 
 
 (' ■ 
 
 VI. That the Catholic, ApoRolic, Roman religion Ciall b- : 
 taincd and prcfervcd, in the fame manner an:l ij:-:ii 
 has hitherto been in all the dominions bclongln •; lo \\. 
 tholic Majcfty, without putting the lead rcih-ainc t'> r.:-;- <,: 
 their public worfhips ; and the different ordcn-, univcrii:ic-.; 
 and colleges, Ihall remain in the full enjoyment of all t..: ir 
 rights, in the fame manner as they have hitlicrro enjoyed. 
 
 Gkantkd. 
 
 VII. That the bifliop of Cuba is to enjoy all the privileges r.;;:! 
 prerogatives that as fuch belong to him, with the norrina- 
 tion of curate?, and other ccclcfiafticMl miniucrs, v/ii i t!->c 
 annexed jurifdiction over tlicm, as he lus had hitherto. 
 
 VA'^A 
 
 I\l m m i 
 
 ihc 
 
 P; 
 
 « » 9- f 1 
 
 \ 
 
 1: ' ,1 
 
rn, 
 
 h ''1 1 
 
 ni ) 
 
 45« 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the freedom to receive all the rents and revenues within hia 
 biflioprick; which privileges fliall extend, likcwife, to all 
 other ccclefiallics in thofe (hares belonging to them. 
 
 Granted ; with a refcrve, that in the appointment of pricfts, 
 and other ecclcfiaftical officers, it lliall be with the approba- 
 tion of the Britifli Governor. 
 
 VIII. That within the monaflerics of religious men and wo- 
 men, (hall be obferved and kept the fame interior govern- 
 ment as hitherto, without any novelty or variation. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 IX. That in the fame manner as the effetfls and monies in this 
 city, belonging to his Catholic Majefty, arc to be (hipped 011 
 board of the fquadron in this harbour, to tranfport the fame to 
 Spain, fo (hall all the tobacco, which likcwife belongs to his 
 Catholic Majefty ; and it (liall be permitted, even in time of 
 war, to his Catholic Majefty, to purchafc tobacco on the faid 
 ifland, in the diftriifl fubje(5l to the King of Great Britain, at 
 the cftabliflicd prices, and the free exportation of the fame 
 to Spain in Spanifli or foreign velTels, and for which purpole, 
 and receiving, and keeping, and curing the fame, fliall be kept 
 and poflclFcd the warc-houles, with all other buildings which 
 arc dcftincd for that purpofe; and likcwife (hall be allowed 
 and maintained here, all fuch officers as (hall be necelFary 
 to manige the fame. 
 
 Refused. 
 
 X. Tliat in confulcration that this port is fituated by nature for 
 the relict ot thole who navigate in thofe parts of Spanifli 
 and Briti(h America} that this port (hall be reputed and al- 
 lowed 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 lowed to be neutral to the fubjc<n:s of his Catholic Majefty, who 
 arc to be admitted in and out freely, to take in fuch rcfrefli- 
 ments as they may be in need of, as wc'l as repairing their 
 vefTels, paying the current prices for every thing, and tliat 
 they are not to be infukcd or interrupted in their navigation, 
 by any vefTcls belonging to his Britannic Majefty, or his fub- 
 je(fls or allies, from the Capes Catocbe, on the coaft of Cani- 
 peche, and that of St. Antomo to the weftward of this ifland ; 
 nor from the Tortuga-bank to this port, and from here till 
 they get into the latitude of thirty-three degrees north, till 
 both their Majefties agree to the contrary. 
 
 Refused. 
 
 453 
 
 1762. 
 
 XI. That all the inhabitants, Europeans, and Creoles in this 
 city, (hall be left in the free pofleflion and management of 
 all their offices and employments, which they have by pur- 
 chafc, as well as of their cftatcs, and all other effeiHrs what- 
 ever, without being obliged to account on any other terms 
 than thofe on which they did to his Catholic Majefty. 
 
 Granted ; and they fhall be allowed to continue in their 
 offices of property as long as they conducH: thcrafclves properly. 
 
 XII. That the faid offices fhall prcferve and keep the rights 
 and privileges which they have hitherto enjoyed, and they 
 fliall be governed in his Britannic Majefty's name, under the 
 fame laws and adminiftration of juftice, and under fuch 
 conditions as they have done hitherto in the dominion of 
 Spain, in every p;ircicular, appointing their judges and offi« 
 cers of juftice, agreeable to their ufual cuftom. 
 Granted.. 
 
 XIIL 
 
 ' 1 
 
 i 
 
 l] 
 
 w 
 
 ' ll 
 
 W- 
 
4i4 
 
 1762. 
 
 ■I 
 
 ' I i I. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Xlir. That to any of the aforcfaid inhabitants of this city, 
 who IhouUl not chufc to Hay, it fliall be permitted them to 
 take out their property and liciies in fuch fpecie as fliould 
 be niofl convenient to ihem, and to difpofe of their cftatcs» 
 or to leave them under the adminiftration of others, and to 
 traniport ihcmlclves with tlicm, to fuch of hisCathoHc Ma- 
 jcily's dominions as they ihall chufe, granting them four 
 years to execute the fame, and veHels to tranfport them, cither 
 upon p\.rchal"e or on freight, with the ncceflaiy paflports, and 
 authority to bear arms againrt the Moors and Turks, upon 
 this exprci's condition, that they ihall not ufc them againll his 
 Britannic Majcny's fubiccls or his allies; and that this and 
 the two foregoing articles are to comprehend and admit to 
 be included all his (Catholic Majefty's minillcrs and ofliccrs, 
 ns well civil as marine and military, who arc married and 
 cftabliflied with families and eflatcs in this city, in order 
 that they may obtain the fame privileges as the other inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 Anfivcr. The inhabitants will be allowed to difpofe of, and 
 remove their eirc^fls to any part of the king of Spain's domi- 
 nions in vefleis at tiieir own expencc, for which ilicy will have 
 proper paflports. It is undcrflootl, that fuch officers as have 
 property in this i(Lmd, (hall be allowed the fame indulgence as 
 to the rell of the iniiabirants. 
 
 XIV. That to thcfc people no ill confcrpicncc fliall arifo on 
 accoimt of having taken up arms, owing to their lidclit}-, 
 and their being inlifled in the militia, on account of tiie nc- 
 ccflity of war •, neither fliall the Englifli troops be permitted 
 to plunder ; but, on the contrary, they fliall completely 
 7 enjoy 
 
 -'fi. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 enjoy their rights and prerogatives as other fubjccls of hi.^ 
 Britannic Majclly, allowing them to return witliout the leall 
 hindrance or impediment from the country into the city, with 
 all their families, cquipiigcs and effects, as they went out of 
 the city on account ol" tiiij invafion, and wlio are to be com- 
 prehended in the prefent articles; and tliat neither of them 
 lliall be incomniodcil witli having troops quartered in their 
 lioufes, but that they fliall be lodged in particular (juarters, 
 as it has been pradifed during tlie Spaniih government. 
 
 Grantkd; except that in cafes of neceility, quartering the 
 troops niufl be left to the dirciflion of the governor. All the 
 King's Aaves arc to be delivered up to the perfons appointed to 
 receive them. 
 
 XV. That the cflctJls detained in this city, belonging to the 
 merchants at Cadiz, which have arrived here in the dillercnt 
 rcgifter fliips, and in which are interelled all the European 
 nations, a fuflicicnt palTport (liall be granted to the fupcr- 
 cargocs thereof, that they may freely remit the fame witli 
 the regifter fhips, without running the rifli of being infultcd 
 in their palTagc. 
 
 Refused. 
 
 XVI. That thofc civil, or other office;;s, who have had charge 
 of the management of the adminiftration and didribution 
 of the royal treafure, or any other affair of a peculiar na- 
 ture from his Catholic Majefty, are to be left with the free 
 ufe of all thofe papers which concern the difcharge of 
 their duty, with free liberty to carry them to Spain for that 
 purpofc ; and the fame Ihall be underftood with the mana- 
 gers of the royal company cftabliihed in this city. 
 
 Anfiuer, 
 
 AS 
 
 ii 
 
 1762. 
 
 U i i 
 
456 
 
 I ., 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE . 
 
 Jnfivcr. All public papers to be delivered to the fccrcMrics ot 
 the Admiral and General for infpcJV'on, which will Ijc returned 
 to his Catholic Majelly's oinccrs, it not found necelfary for the 
 government of the illand. 
 
 XVn. That the public records are to remain in cuflody of thofL- 
 olhcers who pollefs them, without permitting any of the 
 papers 'o be taken away, for fear of their being millaid. 
 
 Answered in the foregoing article. 
 
 XVIII. That the oflficcrs and foldiers who are fick in the hof- 
 pital, fliall be treated in the fame manner as tlie garrifon ; 
 and after their recovery, they fliall be granted horfes or vcf- 
 fels to tranfport themfelves where the reft of the ^^arrifon 
 goes, with every thing neccflary for their fecuri.y and fub- 
 fiftcnce during their voyage; and before which tlicy fliall 
 be provided with fuch provifions and medicines as fliall be 
 demanded by the hofpital keepers, and furgeons thereof, 
 and all others under them, who arc included in this capitu- 
 lation, arc to flay or go as they fliall prefer. 
 
 Granted; the Governor leaving proper commiflaries to 
 furnifli them with provifions, furgeons, medicines, and ncccf- 
 faries, at the cxpcnce of his Catholic Majcfly, while they remain 
 in the hofpital. 
 
 XIX. That all the prifoners made on both fides, fince tiie ^ih 
 of June, when the Englifli fqnadion appeared before this 
 harbour, fliall be returned reciprocally, and without any 
 ranfom, within the term of two months, for thofe who were 
 fcnt away from the city to other towns in tliis ifland, which 
 
 W.13 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 was done for want of proper places of fccuriry here, or be- 
 fore, if tlicy can arrive, 
 
 Anfivcr. This article cannot be concluded upon till the V,n- 
 tifli prifoners are delivered up. 
 
 457 
 
 I -('•a. 
 
 XX. That as ioon as the articles of this capitulation arc agreed 
 upon, and hoftages given on each fide for the performance 
 thereof, the land-gate Ihall be delivered into the poU'ellion 
 of his Britannic Majelly's troops, that they may poll a guard 
 there ; and the garrifon fliall have one themlclvco, until tlic 
 place is evacuated, when the Eavl of Albemarle will be 
 pleafed to fend fomc I'oldiers as a lafcguard to the churches, 
 convents, and treafuries, and all oiher places of coufe- 
 quence. 
 
 Anfivcr. The number of fafeguards recjuircd for the fecu- 
 rity of the churches, convents, and other places fli.ill be 
 granted ; the reft of the article is anfvvercd in the preliminary 
 article. 
 
 XXr. That it fliall be allowed to the Governor and Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of tliis Iquadron, to dilpatch a packec- 
 boat with advice to his Catholic Majefty, as well as to 
 other people who have a right to the fame advice, to which 
 veflcl there {hall be granted a fafc and fecure paflport for 
 the voyage. 
 
 j4nfwer. As the troops arc to be fcnt to Old Spain, a packet is 
 unneccflary. 
 
 N n n 
 
 XXII. 
 
 
 f^ j i > '. ^ ,^i i» *.* "^>" 
 
 -;^ 
 
 1- "-i 
 
 11 
 

 458 
 176J. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 XXII. That the troops of the Punta-caftle (lull have the fame 
 honours as the garrifon of the town, and that they fliall 
 march out by one of the raoft pradicablc breaches. 
 
 Granted* 
 
 XXIII. That the capitulation is to be untlcrftood literally, and 
 without any interpretation on any pretext whatever, of 
 making rcprifals, on account of not having complied y/ixh 
 the foregoing. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 Head-quarters near the Havannay 
 Auguft i3th, 1762. 
 
 g. pococke.. 
 
 Albemarle. 
 
 El Marquis del Real Transporte. 
 
 Juan de Prado. 
 
 The garrifon of the Havanna, which was to be conveycil to 
 Old Spain in his Britannic Majefty's vcflels, confifted of the 
 following field and ftafF olliccrs : Three colonels, two lieute- 
 nant colonels, two fcrjeant majors, four aids dc camp, four 
 chaplains, three furgeons. The other officers and private men, 
 exclufive of the prifoners on board the Englifli men of war, 
 and the fick and wounded left in the town, were, feventccii 
 captains, fifty-fix fubalterns, thirty-eight fcrjeants, twenty- 
 nine 
 
 « i * i iii ^ iigia L V.tr. J. . 
 
TATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 459 
 
 nine drummers, fcven hundred and fcventy-eiglit rank and y «76a. 
 file ; in all, nine Imndrcd and thirty-fix. 
 
 The fliips of war, furrcndcrcd by the capitulation, were, 
 
 El Tigrc, 
 
 L'America, 
 El Infanta, 
 El Sovcrano, 
 La Rcyna, 
 El Aquilon, 
 
 of 70 guns, commanded by the Marquis del 
 Real Tranfporte, Admiral and 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 60 Don Juan Antonio. 
 
 70 Don Francifco dc Medina. 
 
 70 Don Juan dc Pollego. 
 
 70 Don Louis dc Velafco. 
 
 70 El Manjuis de Gonzales. 
 
 Dcp Pedro Callajon. 
 
 El Conqucftador, 60 
 
 El Santo Antonio, 60 ) _ , , , , , , r j 
 
 > Both newly launched and fitted out. 
 El Santo Geniarc, 60 3 
 
 La Thetis, - 18 1 _ , . i »i _ 
 
 > Taken by the Alarm, 
 
 La Vanganza, - 22 J 
 
 El Marte, - 18 Taken at Maricl by the Defiance. 
 
 El Neptuno, - 
 
 El Afia, 
 
 La Europa, 
 
 One of 
 
 One of 
 
 70 J 
 60 > 
 60 J 
 
 Sunk in the entrance of the harbour. 
 
 So 
 
 60 
 
 1 On the flocks. 
 
 bcfides, one royal company's lliip taken, one funk, and a third 
 burnt and blown up. 
 
 If ■' 
 
 ill 
 
 N n n c 
 
 THUS 
 
 
 v;ilf 
 
 ; 'I 
 
• ll 
 
 I: 
 
 t ■ ) 
 
 460 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE " ' " 
 
 THUS did this conqucQ prove the heavicll blow, in itfclf, 
 and in its confequenccs the moll decifivc, of any that had been 
 given Uncc the commencement ol' the prelent hollilitics between 
 lb many great powers, hi the acquifitionof the Havanna were 
 combined all the advantages that could be procured in v/ar. 
 It was a military victory ot" the lirft magnitude ; it was equal 
 to the greatcll naval victory by its ellecls on the marine of ilic 
 Spaniards, who loH on that occafion a whole fleet. The vail 
 quantity of tobacco and I'ugar, col]ecT:ed at the Havanna on 
 the Spanilh monra-ch's account, fold on the fpot, exclulivc 
 of the fliips and merchandize fent to, and fold in Knglan;!, 
 for i^c\cn hundred ihoufand pounds, whi' li was divided 
 amongll tlie conquerors in the proportion fettled for the divi- 
 i'lo'A Of ihc plunder on the expedition of Lord Cathcart aiul 
 Adniiral Vernon, if they had fucceeded, when they went 
 againil Carthagena. ' ' ' 
 
 l-'roni their lull landing to the r3th of Augufl, this im- 
 portant cvMiijueil coll the Englilh, in killed, wounded, ar.d 
 prilbners, including tliofe who died, two thoufand feven hun- 
 dis^u aiul fixt) -four men. llillory, perhaps, does not record 
 a liege widi fuch a variety of diflicuhies to retard tiu ap- 
 proaches, as what attended the afliiilants of the i\Ioro-ea(lle. 
 Not only there was fcarce a fpit of earth near any of liie 
 intended batteries, as we have already taken notice ; but 
 the cutting down, binding up, and carr)ing the vaft (pi.tii- 
 tities of falcinc?, which it was necelTary to fubi'litute, jnuv- 
 cd a work of infmite laboin- -, n;n-, the earth necelfaiy to 
 ^cive liability aul relidance to the fafcines, was not to lie 
 obtained but by feratching it from between the crevices of 
 , rocks, 
 
 i S 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMEIUCA. 
 
 ufecl. 
 
 ■■n » / 
 
 n.! 
 
 461 
 
 rocks, at a great diftancc from the fpot where it was to be 1762. 
 
 Though a great part of the provifions brought from Eng- 
 land had been fpoiled by the heat of the chmatc, the mod 
 diftrelFing circumftance of the campaign was the fcarcity of 
 water. Of the vaft catalogue of human ills, thirft h the mofl 
 intolerable. On this occafion, it foon can fed the tongue to 
 fwcll, extend itfelf without the lips, and become black as in a 
 flate of mortification ; then the whole frame bjcamc a prey to 
 the mofl; excruciating agonies, till death at length intervened, 
 and gave the unhappy fu'flcrcr relief. In this way, hundreds 
 refigned thcmfelves to eternity. A greater number fell viclims 
 to a putrid fever. From the appearance of perfccl; health, 
 tliree or four fliort hours robbed them of exillence. .Many there 
 were, who endured a loathfome difeafe for days, nay weeks 
 together, living in a flate of putrcfaclion, their bodies full of 
 vermin, and almoft eaten away before the fparl: of life was 
 cxtinguillied. The carrion crows, of the country kept con- 
 llantly hovering over the graves, which rather hid than 
 buried the dead, and frecpiently fcratched away the fcanty 
 earth, leaving in every mangled corpfc a fpeclacle of un- 
 fpeakable loathfomenefs and terror to thofe, who, by being 
 engaged in the fame cnterprife, were cxpofcd to the fame 
 fate. Hundreds of carcafes were fcen floating on the ocean: 
 Yet all tl^cfe accumulated horrors damped not the ardour of 
 the furvivors. l^fed to conuueil, and to brave every kmd 
 of danger, every one exerted himfclf with fuch a particular 
 aim to viclory, as if the whole cnterprife depended on his 
 
 fingle arm. 
 
 fe 
 
 f; 
 
 Having 
 
 I 
 
 * 
 
 ■; 
 
i 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Having faid thus much in praifc of the bravery and pa- 
 tience of the EngUfii, candour requires wc fhould add, that 
 the Spaniards were far from being deficient in point of va- 
 lour; and had tlicir condud been equal, it is more than pro- 
 biblc, that the Englifli had never obtained the nobleft wreath 
 of vidory, that ever graced the brow of a conqueror in this 
 quarter of the world. But, perhaps, the reader will be curious 
 to know how the principal oflicers among them were re- 
 ceived and treated by their fovcreign on their arrival in Old 
 Spain. 
 
 Don Juan de Prado, Governor of the Havanna ; Don Guti- 
 riez de Hevcia, Marquis del Real Tranl'porte, the Admiral ; Vil- 
 count Superunda, Lieutenant General of his Majefty's forces, 
 and late Viceroy of Peru, and Don Diego Tavarez, late Governor 
 of Canhagena, being all tried by a council of war at Madrid for 
 their behaviour on this occafion, were puniflied with fequcftra- 
 tion of their eftates, and banifliment forty leagues from the 
 court, during his Majefty's pleafure. 
 
 U 
 
 The fcntence againft Don Juan de Prado is in force. Don 
 Gutiriez dc Heveia was pardoned in confequence of the 
 merit of his father-in-law, the Marquis de la Vitoria, Coni- 
 iuandcr-in-C;hicf of the Spanilli navy. Don Diego Tavarez 
 was not only pardoned, hut fince promoted to the command of 
 the Spanifli lines at St. Ilocquc, the barrier againft Gibraltar, 
 which he ftill holds. Vifcount Superunda was offered a par- 
 don ; but refufed it, declaring he could not accufe himfelf of 
 any crime. He is fince dead. 
 
 As 
 
LATE WAR IN AM«ERICA. 
 
 As to Don Louis de Velafco, his family was ennobled; his 
 cldeft fon created Vifcount Moro, and a Handing order made, 
 Uiat ever after, there fliould be a hip in the SpaniQi navy 
 called the Velafco. 
 
 4^3 
 
 1762. 
 
 But to return to the Havanna; the Hrft care of the Earl of 
 Albemarle, on being put in polTcflion of the place, was to fee 
 the articles of the capitulation pundually performed on both 
 fides 'r rellorc order amongft the inhabitants ; ifliie fuch ordci's 
 for their condu^:, and that of their conquerors, as might 
 eflTeftually prevent all difputcs between them ; particularly 
 the lower clalFcs, ajid the foldicrs and failors ; to receive the 
 town-records- ; the accounts of the (lores civil and military ; 
 the treafurcs ; the merchandifc ; every thing, in fliort, which 
 his high ftation and late fucccfs gave him a right to take cog- 
 nizance of.. 
 
 The Spanifh troops were then embarked, agreeable to the 
 capitulation, for Old Spain. Admiral Sir George Pococke 
 ordered the Sutherland and the Dover to be fitted up as 
 flags of truce, to accommodate the Governor of the Ha- 
 vanna, the Spanifli Admiral, the Viceroy of Peru, and the 
 Governor of Carthagena ; the garrifon were put on board tranf- 
 ports. 
 
 The Earlof Albemarle being exprefsly ordered, when the 
 Havanna fervice (hould be over, to return the fame number of 
 troops to North-America that he might receive from thence, he 
 embarked the fifth brigade for that continent ; but mod: of 
 them died in the palllige, or in the hofpitals, immediately on 
 their arrival} and the artillery fent with them was entirely loll; 
 
 3 at; 
 
 
 ' f 
 
 
 . ,«k 
 
 
 
1 1 J 
 
 Ah'^ 
 
 464 H I S T O R Y O F T H E . /. : 
 
 '7^^ at lea. Tlic troops which remained were not much more for- 
 tunate ; being, by this time, fo reduced by fickncfs, that even 
 Icvcu hundred could not bemuilered in a condition to do duty. 
 In this fuuation, the utmoft vigilance was ncceflary to prevent 
 (juarrcls between the conquerors and the conquered, and keep 
 ihc latter in awe -, efpecially, as fomc of the diftrids, which 
 Do '. Juan dc I'radotliought to have included in rhe capitulation, 
 refuted to accede to it, as not bein^ within the juriidiftion of 
 the Governor of the Ilavanna. . . 
 
 ( 
 * t 
 
 It"' we have not rjiven as minute a detail of the operations 
 of this important ficge, a'; that whicli was tranfmitted to tli-: 
 liritilli minillers. figncd by tlic chief KngifKCr ; but which, wc 
 have the greatcll rcafon to believe the General never law, till 
 he arrived in England, it is to avoid the confufion which every 
 where occurs in that account : But thougli we have aimed 
 ac clearnefs in the relation of this glorious aichicvcmcnt, 
 we hope wc Ihall not be found to have omitted any circum- 
 llance which might in the leuil have contributed to the bril- 
 liant lucccfs pf the Englifh arms. After all, it will fcarcc be 
 credited by future ages, that an army of Europeans perfiftcd, 
 for two months and eight days together, in tlie fiege of a for- 
 trefs fituatcd in the hottefl climate of the torrid zone, and 
 during t!ie huttell I'eafon of tliat climate. Be pollerity there- 
 fore farther informed, that during the whole of this ficgc, 
 tlierc lubfifled fuch a perfect harmony between the land and 
 fea-ferviees, with fuch an extraordinary degree of good-will in 
 the inferior oihccrs and common men, to execute the orders 
 of their Admiral and General, that both owed their fuccefs to 
 fuch patriotic endeavours. " 
 
 Evcrv 
 
 k 
 
 .ij#*i«. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Evciy ncccdliry difpofi'.lon havin,?i: been made by the Admi- 
 ral and the General in their refpciftivc departments, Lord Albe- 
 marle conferred on the HonouraM^i Major-Gcncral Keppcl, the 
 government oFthe town ; and Sir George Pococke detached the 
 Honourable Comniodoie Kcppcl, with a fciuadron on a cruize: 
 Soon after the Admiral (ailed for England, leaving Captain 
 Knight of the l^elle-ide, with three fliipi of the line, to com- 
 mand at the Havanna. About lix Wv-cki after, Lord Albemarle 
 alfo failed for England, where both the Admiral and the Gene 
 ral arrived the beginning of the year 1 763. 
 
 By the vigilance of Commodore Keppcl. he took a whole fleet 
 of merchantmen ofl? St. Francois : The entire command of the 
 lliips in thefe feas, by the abfencc of Sir George Pococke, de- 
 volving on the Commodore, by virtue of the fpecial commif- 
 fion we have already mentioned, and advice being received that 
 a peace was concluded between England and Spain, he repaired 
 to the Havanna, in order 10 fuperintend the embarkation of the 
 troops ordered to Europe, after which he proceeded on the J;i- 
 maica flation. The troops being at fea, were met by an cxprefs, 
 ordering General Keppel to fend fome regiments to reinforce 
 the armv under Sir Jcirrey Amherfl: in North-America, on ac- 
 count of fome commotions having arifen amongft the hulians 
 on that continent. 
 
 With the troops that arrived from Old-Spain to garrifon the 
 Havanna, the orders came for the evacuation of that place in 
 favour of the Sp uiiards: hi confequence of thcfe orders, with- 
 out any direclly from theBritilh miniller, the Spaniards retook 
 polfellion of the molt valuable harbour in the Well-Indies. 
 
 46^ 
 
 Goo 
 
 THi 
 
 1762. 
 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 '^t 
 
 ,..< 
 
 m 
 
 ^ ■ 'I 
 
 
 -m 
 
 ■1 
 
 te."*'iiWhB>I^M'''-'-'^*'i^^''*'^^^^^^^ 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 :;t .1 
 
 LATE WAR IN A JSI E R I C A. 
 
 BOOK XL 
 
 The French Jit out a fjuudron to attiick Neivfotindland : Proceed on 
 
 the cnterprljc. • Land in the Bay of linlls. The garrijon of St. 
 
 John's fur raider to than. Sir fefferey Amherfl prepares to retake 
 
 tt. Sends Colonel Amherji 'with a detachment for that pnrpofe. 
 
 Lands at I\dty-i<itty. Attacks the French. Js viitoriouu 
 
 'Ihc French garrfon capitulates. Articles of capitulation. 
 
 it 
 
 r 
 
 176a. T T A V ING been fo long employed in recording the glorious 
 X A atchicvcments of the Britilh troops, it is with great rc- 
 luiftancc wc now find ourfelvcs obliged to recite an event tliat 
 muft, for a moment, caft a gloom over the retrolpeJl of {o 
 many brilliant conqiitfts. But even in this indancc, fortune 
 iecms to have been fickle, only to increafe the credit of the 
 Britilh arms, and to afford another example, that tlie ardour of 
 youth, tempered with judgment, will oftener conmiand luc- 
 ccfs in enterprifc, than timid caution and inatflive diferction, 
 the general companions of old age. 
 
 France, by this time, had been humbled in every quarter of 
 the world i Hie had received lb many checks, that, almoft driven 
 
 to 
 
 ■Hi »'i>iw If »r«>i... 
 
 ■t^r~ 
 
 -., « !l|ili«'iiMii)J,l. JulNi Uiin^iHillJi 
 
IGA. 
 
 —Proceed on 
 ffrijon of St. 
 ires to retake 
 
 'mrpoj'c, 
 
 lorioii^ 
 
 tlon. 
 
 lie glorious 
 :h great re- 
 
 cvcnt that 
 Ipccl of fo 
 cc, fortune 
 edit of the 
 c ardour ot 
 miand luc- 
 
 difcrction, 
 
 r quarter of 
 
 moft driven 
 
 to 
 
 5 
 
 „n^ ^>, 'U< (ae '^''.«-".' 
 
 ■tfi^g; 
 
 "'.T?!gjJ£':S""' 
 
 ^ . 
 
 i*^- 
 
■ ii 
 
 
 'jt> /iiiY />twi' ./f>y 
 
 t ' 
 
 IS^EWFOU 
 
 ^ Lord (^olv 
 
 A,7^<- A/u/Ait/i A/rm en /A/9rJHtt. 
 
 
 .^r-, 
 
HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 to tlefpair, ftiamc urged her to the laft exertion of her dying 
 power. This was, to attack the dcfcncclcfs hland of Newfound- 
 land ; and flic accordingly fitted out a fquadron for that pur- 
 pole, confining of ' 
 
 I.c Rohullc, 7 [guns, La Garonne, 44 guns, 
 
 L'Eveillc, - 64. LaLiconie, 30 andabombkctch. 
 
 This fquadron was commanded by M. de Tcrncy, who had 
 fifteen hundred hmd-forccs on board, under tlic orders of the 
 Count dc HauflbnviUc. 
 
 On the 24ih of June, the French troops landed in the Bay 
 of Bulls without oppofition; and, on the 27th, obliged the gar- 
 rifon of St. Jolin's, confiding of about fixty men, to furrender 
 prifoncrs during tlic war, on a promifc of fecurity for tlieir 
 polll'llions and eflccts. The Grammont being taken in the 
 harbour, licr crew was included in the above agreement. After 
 the French had taken poflefllon of the fort, they began to repair 
 the fortifications ; but deftroycd every thing that belonged to 
 the fdhery, and burnt a great number of vcfl'cls in the north 
 and fouih harbours ; by which, indeed, private property alone 
 was injured, but to fo great a degree, that man}- individuals 
 were ruined by it. 
 
 As foon as General Amherfl received the news of this misfor- 
 tune, he, without waiting for orders from the minillry, by 
 which a fcafon niiglu be loll, and the place rendered more 
 tenable by its prcl'cnt polTeflurs, planned an attack to recover 
 it. Actuated by that Ipirit of entcrpriCc wliich had fo eminently 
 dillinguiflicd him during the campai^^nis of 175", 1759, and 
 1760, he formed a feu- of the furvivuig troops, which had jufl. 
 arrived from the Well-Indies, witli ibmj proviuci.ils, into a 
 
 O o o 2 corps 
 
 4G7 
 
 1762. 
 
 
 fi J' ■ 
 
Kni/f^i*< 
 
 / frr. //.://////> ///.'-AYr ' / '^^f f*''^ '" ^'''''^^' ■ '^^^"^ 
 
 ISTE WF O U1S"I)L AN J) , 
 
 .^ Lord (\>Mlle, ^ 
 
 
 r7fitfrff^i>i>/^i>A<n <i/'rA-- lint c'/JTr'/Alil/ty . ' y&.. Knt>t/n/>fntvu 
 
 R K F K It £ N 
 
 H. A'ofy wfiiiA /ArJSf(t//tJ'A .•iti/ttfamftM 
 
 .... .. o/ f/irJfnt/Uj/i 7h< >'/>.!■ i>fi rAr 
 
 »/n/>/nfn/ (>/ Vif /frn///WA .1rr/tv . 
 
 K 
 

 7!>/rifr/></i/i' /f'/. 
 
 
 /f A' /' K it X AT r JS S 
 
 ^.ffii/'i^.'ftV/. 
 
 nt/A^A Thit'/t.r. V. K^i^/ifA /iatffrv. 
 
 
 
 ■'t/iffffioAd-A Ihto/Kt; ,t/^iv tAt' /■I'rf .I'ltrrrrnffrftf . 
 
 T"' 
 
 
 •.,«"' 
 
 ^^^^..^^S:r:s^ 
 
4^8 
 
 ■ Li 
 
 1762. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 corp3 for this purpofe, and cntruftcd tlic command of ihcm 
 to his brother, Lieutenant Colonel William Amhcrft. Accord- 
 ingly, this gentleman embarked at New-York, on the 15th of 
 Auguft, on board the James tranfport, wiih five others, and 
 one victualling ihip ; and next day failed out of the hook, 
 without any convoy, for Halifax, there to join Lord Colvillc, 
 and to take in fome more troops, and from thence proceed to 
 Louilbourg with his Lorddiip, for a farther reinforcement. 
 On the 26th, O)lonel Amherll arrived at Halifax; but Lord 
 Colvillc had already left the place. The Colonel, however, 
 thought it would be proper to embark the troops that were to 
 accompany him from thence, and from Louilbourg, and fol- 
 low his Lordlhip, who was gone with one fliip of the line and 
 a frigate, to reconnoitre the coaft of Ncwfoundiaml. In con- 
 fequcncc of this rcfolution, the fleet was ready to fail from 
 Halifax by the 2(;th ; but contr.iry winds prevented its gcttiiiij 
 out of the harbour till the ill of September. On the 5th, it 
 arrived at Louill)Ovirg ; and the next day, the troops tliat were 
 to be taken from the garrifon embarked, when the land-forces 
 and artillery of ihc armament were as follows : 
 
 Troops. 
 Royal, - - - - 237 
 
 l-ive companies of the 45th regiment, - jcjj 
 
 77tli. - - 158 
 
 Two companies draughted from dilFcrent corps, iy{ 
 
 Provincials, . _ - ^^^^ 
 
 Royal artillery, - - - j^S 
 
 Total, Ij59 
 formed into two battalions; the firfl commanded by Lieute- 
 nant Colonel Tulikcn, the fecond by Major Sutherland. 
 
 Artillery, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 469 
 
 Artillery. 
 Four - 24 pounders. Two 10 incli mortars, 
 Six - 12 ditto, One 8 inch ditto, 
 
 Two light 12 ditto, Six royals, 
 
 Four - 6 ditto, Six cohorns, 
 
 Four howitzers. 
 
 On the 7th in the morning, Colonel Amhcrfl put to fca again, 
 and on the i ith joined Lord Colville, a few leagues to the fouth 
 of St. John's. ThcColonel had defigncd to land his ti'oops at Kitty- 
 Vitty ; hut by the intelligence he received from Lord Colville, 
 found it impraclicable, in confc(|uencc of its being a very nar- 
 row entrance, and the French having entirely flopped it up, 
 by fmking fliallops in the channel ; he therefore fixed on Tor- 
 bay, about three leagues off, for that purpofc ; and indeed, 
 it was now tlie only place near St. John's that troops could land 
 at. Accordingly, the tranfports were font into that harbour, 
 under the proteilion of the Syren ; but it was late at night on 
 the 1 2th, before they all came to an anchor. 
 
 Colonel Amhcrfl, with Captain Douglas of the navy, took a 
 view of the coaft, and difcovcrcd a very proper bcacli to land 
 uj-Kin. But it blew fo hard that night, tliat one of the tranf- 
 ports, with the provincial light infantry on bo.ivd, was driven 
 out to fea. The remainder of the troops landed the next day, 
 with very little oppofition, at tlic bottom of a bay, from 
 whence there was a path to St. Jolin's. The light infantry of 
 the regulars, wlio got firft on fliorc, giving the French a fire, 
 the latter immediately retired towards St. John's ; upon which 
 the whole of this little army marched on, for about four miles, 
 through a very thick wood, and over very bad ground, when 
 Captain Macdonakl's light infantry, which was in front, came 
 
 2 up 
 
 176a. 
 
 Ill 
 
 1 
 
 I. ' v ■ 
 
 I 
 
 ill 
 III 
 
 .-.,-^i 
 
I ' • 
 
 r.i 
 
 1/62. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 up with fomc of the party which had been driven frorri tlie 
 landing-place, but lay now concealed in the wood, ;:nd fired 
 on the Captain as loon as he got within their reach ; but part 
 of his corps rulhed in upon them too I'uddenly to give thcin 
 time for another difchart^e, took three prifoncrs, and put the 
 reft to flight. 
 
 The country now opening, the army marched to the left of 
 Kitty-Vitty, to take pollellion of that pafs ; it being necellary 
 to force a communication for the landing of tlie artillery and 
 ftores, as it was impracticable to get them up the roads, by 
 which the army had advanced. When the right was clofe to 
 Kitty-Vitiy, the French fiied on them from a hill on the oppo- 
 litc fulc. Clolonel Amhcrfl, therefore, fent a party up a rock, 
 wliich commanded the paflagc over ; and, under cover of the 
 lire made by the light infantry companies of the Royal and 
 Montgomery's, fupportcd by the grenadiers of the former, 
 palTcd over ; drove the enemy, who had come down the hill, 
 up again ; and purfued them, on that fide, towards St. John's. 
 But another body of the French being now perceived in their 
 way to fupport the former. Major Sutherland, with the remain- 
 der oi the full battalion, was immediately ordered over to 
 attack them. This determined tiie enemy to retreat; by 
 wliich Colonel Amhcril had time to take poll before it was 
 dark. The troops, however, lay on their arms all night. Cap- 
 tain Mackcn/.ie, who commanded Montgomery's light infantry, 
 was mortally wounded in this afl'air ; and ten of the enemy 
 were taken prifoners. On the i4ih, the channel, in which the 
 enemy iiad l"ui\k the llrallops, was cleared; but they Hill occu- 
 pied a brcaft-woik which commanded the entrance and a bat- 
 tery, though not (juite fn^ilhed. I.ieiuenant Colonel Tuliken, 
 who had been hurt by a fall, ^nd left on board, joined the 
 
 1 army 
 
 .V 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 army this day ; and ('aptain Fergufon, who commanded the 
 artillery, brought round fomc light pieces and (lores, ia flial- 
 lops, from Torbay. 
 
 The French were ftill in pofTcflion of two very high and flccp 
 hills ; one in the front of the advanced poll:, from whence they 
 fired on the guards, and the other nearer to St. John's. Thefc 
 two hills, in all appearance, commanded the whole ground 
 from Kitty-Vitty to St. John's. As, therefore, it was nccclHiry 
 to proceed on this fide, in order to fccurc the landing at Kitty- 
 Vitty, on the 17th, juft before break of day, Colonel Amhcrfl 
 ordered Captain Macdonald's corps of light infantry, and the 
 provincial light infantry, which were now arrived, fupportcd 
 by the advanced ports, to endeavour to furprife the enemy on 
 the hills. Captain Macdonald had the good fortune to pafs 
 their centries and advanced guards unobferved, and was firll 
 difcovered by their main body on the hills, as he was fcaling 
 the r^ ks. However, they did not fire on him till he li.id 
 gained the fummit, when they gave way on his returning ir. 
 Lieutenant Schuyler, and four rank and file were killed on this 
 occafion ; Captain Macdonald, and eighteen rank and file were 
 wounded. The French had three companies of grenadiers a 
 this pod, with two pickets, commanded byxM. Helcombc, Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, and the fecond in command. This gentleman 
 and a Captain of grenadiers were wounded ; hi-, lieutenant and 
 fevcral Ibldicrs were killed ; aral the wounded captain and 
 thirteen private men were taken prilbners. The French had 
 one mortar here, v.'ith which they threw fome ihells in the 
 niglu ; a i\\ pounder not mounted, and two wall-pieces. 
 
 As ilicfc hills comnvand the harbour, Colonel Amherfi, 0:1 
 the 1 6th, marched to the hill nearelt to St. John's, whieli ilie 
 
 Freucli 
 
 471 
 
 1762. 
 
 i 
 
 K U^' 
 
 I! '^^ 
 
 : .pi 
 
 ft « «^ 
 
I.' 'It 
 
 ii' 
 
 I* '. 
 
 473 
 
 1:62. 
 
 HIbTORY OF THE 
 
 French had abandoned, though not without leaving a guard at 
 tlic poft of Kitty-Vitty, on the other fide. Some provifions, 
 artillery, and other ilorcs were landed this day. In the preced- 
 ing night, the French fleet, favoured by a fog, put to fca. On 
 the 17th, a mortar battery was completed, and a battery begun 
 for four twenty- four pounders and two twelve pounders, about 
 five hundred yards trom the fort, and a road made for bringing 
 up the artillery from the landing-place. At night the mortar 
 battery was opened with one eight inch mortar, fix cohorns, 
 and fix loyals ; ihc enemy, all the while, keeping a brilk fire, 
 and throwing many fliclis irom the fort. 
 
 On the luth, Colonel Amherft fimimorrcd the Governor to 
 furrender, by the following letter, which produced a corrc- 
 fpondence that ended in a capitulation. 
 
 SIR, Camp before St. John's, Sept. 17th, 1762. 
 
 *' Humanity dlrcifls me to acquaint you of my firm inten- 
 tion. I know the miferable Hate your garrifon is left in, and 
 am fully informed of your defigii of blowing up the fort, on 
 quitting it ; but have a care ; for I have taken meafures eflecftu- 
 ally to cut ofl' your retreat : and Co fure as a match is put to 
 the train, every man in the garrifon fliall be put to the fword. 
 I muft have immediate pofTeflion of the fort, in the (late it is 
 now in, or expect the confequences. I give you half an hour 
 to think of it. I have the honour to be, 
 S I R, 
 
 Your moil obedient humble fervant, 
 
 To the Officer command- 
 ing St. John's. W"'. Amherst." 
 
 Anfwcr. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMEIUCA. 
 
 Anfvvcr to the above fummons. 
 
 Fort St. John's, Sept. i6th, 1762. 
 « With resard to the condua I fliall hold, you may, Sir, be 
 mifinformcd. I wait for your troops and your cannon ; and 
 nothing fhall determine me to furrender the fort, unlcfs you 
 fliall have totally dellroyed it, and that I Ihall have no powder 
 to fire. I have the honour to be, 
 SIR, 
 
 Your mod obedient humble fcrvant. 
 The Col'nt d'Haussonville." 
 
 Ckjunt d'HaufTonville's fecond letter to Lieutenant ColoncJ 
 
 Amhcrfl. 
 
 Fort St. John's, Sept. iGth, 1762. 
 " Under the uncertainty of the fuccours which I nip.y receive, 
 either from France or her allies, and the fort being entire, and 
 in good condition for a long defence, I am refolvcd to defend 
 myfelf to the lall extremity. The capitulation which you may 
 think proper to grant, may determine me to furrender the 
 place to you, in order to prevent fhedding the blood of the 
 men who defend it. Whatever rcfolution you come to, there 
 is one left to mc, which would hurt the intcrcfls of the fove- 
 icign you ferve. I have the honour to be, &c. 
 
 The Count d'IL\ussonville." 
 
 Colonel Amherll's reply. 
 
 Camp before St. John's, Sept. i8di, 17G2. 
 
 •' I have jull had tiie honour of your letter. His Britannic 
 
 Majelly's fleet and army co-operating liere, will not give any 
 
 other terms to the garrifoii of St. Jolui's, than their furrendcring 
 
 ppfoners of war. 
 
 P p p "I do 
 
 47.5 
 1762. 
 
 I' I 
 
 '%; ; / 
 
 
'I. 
 
 w. 
 
 it i 
 
 ',' < ' ' 
 
 \i 
 
 474 
 
 176a. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 " I do not thirll for the blood of the garrifon ; but you mufl 
 determine quickly, or cxpev5t the confequenccs ; for tips is ray 
 final determination. I am, 
 SIR, 
 
 Your mofl obedient humble fervant, 
 
 Win. Amherst," 
 
 The Count d'HaufTonvillc'^ reply. 
 
 Sept. iSth, 176:;. 
 *' I have received, Sir, your letter, which you did me tlic 
 ]-.onour to write me. I am equally avcWe with yourfelf to the 
 cirulion of blood. I confent to furrcnder the fort in good con- 
 dition, as I have already ac(iuaintcd you, if the terms I here- 
 with inclofe arc granted to my troops. I have the honour to be, 
 SIR, 
 
 Your mod humble and mod obedient fervant, 
 
 The Count d'Haussonvillk." 
 
 Terms of CiipUuhtlon required by the g.vrifon of St. Johti's^ and the 
 troops in general in that place. 
 
 I. The l-rcnch troops fliall furrcnder prifoncrs of war. 
 
 Granted. 
 
 II. The commilTioncd and non-commiflioned ofTiccrs fhall keep 
 their arms, to be the better able to keep their men in order. 
 
 CiRANTED. 
 
 i 
 
 HI. Good fhips lh;ill be allowed the oilicers, grenadiers, foIdicr<?, 
 wounded as v/cll as not wounded, within a month, to tranf- 
 port iheni to 1-rancc, and land them on the coaftsof Britanny. 
 
 GaANTnD ; Lord C-olville will, of courfe, embark them as foon 
 as lie pofTiblv can. 
 
 6 ' . IV. 
 
LATE WAR rN AMERICA. 
 IV. The eflfccls of the ofTiccrs and foldicrs fliall not he touched. 
 Aiifwer. His Britannic Majcfly'G troopi never pillage. 
 
 Camp before St. John's, (Signed) 
 September 1 8th, 1762. W^. Amherst. 
 
 Le COMTn D'HAUSSCNVILr-F. 
 
 This is to be figned by Lord Colville ; but it will remain at 
 prcfent, as afterwards, in full force. 
 
 It appears by this capitulation, that Lord Colvillc was not 
 prefent at the making or concluding of it. He was then at fea, 
 and the wind would not permit his Lordlhip to Hand in. Colo- 
 nel Amherft, therefore, that r time fliould be lofl; in fo ad- 
 vanced a fcafon, took on hinil^ if to dctciniinc with regard to 
 the terms that fliould be granted to the garrifon of St. John's, 
 and had the pleafure to find, on Lord Colvillc's return, that 
 his Lordfliip approved them. 
 
 The fpirit and perfeverancc of the troops employed on this 
 occafion, exceeded the mod fanguine hopes, even of their own 
 ofTicers, who knew tlicm belt. On their alacrity entirely 
 depended the recovery of this valuable illand, before the bad 
 feafon fet in ; and Colonel Amhcril's endeavours to keep alive 
 that fpirit were en'eclually feconded by Colonel Tulikcn. 
 
 Captain Macdonald was to have proceeded to England with 
 an account of this advantage ; but his wound, a broken leg, 
 not being thought fulliciently healed for that purpofc, Captain 
 Campbell, of the twenty-fecond regiment, was named to re- 
 place him, and carry the colours the French had hoiftcd on the 
 iort of St. John's. 
 
 n 
 
 475 
 1762. 
 
 w 
 
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 1' 
 
 P p p a 
 
 The 
 
 ' f 
 
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 . ■-: 'i 
 
 ■■' .i 
 
476 TIIISORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ijd- The retaking of Newfoundland, a place of fo much confe- 
 
 qucnce to the mercantile part of England, terminated the 
 war between the Englidi and the French in this quarter of 
 the world. The armies brought into the field by the former, 
 during the firft campaigns, were diigraced by knavery, igno- 
 rance, or timidity. But, happily for Britain, in 1758, a period 
 was put to mifcondutfl ; and, from that aufpicious atra, in which 
 General Amhcrfl was honoured with the command of the Bri- 
 tifli arms in North-America, a fucccflion of rapid conquells 
 attended their efforts. Wherever the Britifli colours were fecn 
 to fly, there victory generally followed ; and, at length, tlie 
 whole power of the French on the Continent of North-America 
 yielded to the fuperior courage of the Britifli foldicrs, and the 
 great abilities of their commanders. 
 
 A ccfUuion of arms, which now took place, was, in a fliort 
 time, followed by a dclinitivc treaty. This treaty was figned 
 at Vcrfailles, on the loth day of February 1763, and reftored 
 peace to France, Spain, and England, in every quarter of the 
 
 globe, 
 
 THE 
 
 .j»»^«.fc_». 
 
! -i 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ■^;t 
 
 h ■ \ 
 
 a 
 
 :*^i, 
 
 BOOK XII. 
 
 S2:iire of the nciv it\ir betzvccn the Engl'i/lj mul Indians In North-Avie- 
 tica.—Plan and preparations of the Indians.— Their firjl exploits. — 
 
 They take feveral forts. Detroit clofely blockaded. Fort-Pitt 
 
 befieged. Relief fcnt to Detroit and Niagara. Stratagem of the 
 
 Indians, tofurprife the garrifon of Detroit, defeated. Sally by Cap- 
 tain Dalycll. Rcluf fent to Fort-Pitt, under Colonel Bouquet. 
 
 ^— 'Siege of Fort-Pitt raifed by the Indians. Aelions bctiveen the 
 
 Engli/Jj and the Indians near Bufhy-Ruiu Colonel Bouquet arrives 
 
 at Fort-Pitt. Great bravery of the erezi' of a vejJU. Spirit of 
 
 difcontent amongjl the EnglifJj troops. I'he caufe of it removed by 
 
 ^''' J'^fff'^y AinherJ}. The King's approbation of the late behaviour of 
 
 the troops near Bujhy-Run. Plan of operation for the year 17(54, 
 
 by Colonels Bouquet and Bradftreet. Mr.jor General Gage fucceeds 
 
 Sir Jeffrey Aw.herfl. Colonel Bradjlreet and Sir JFiliiam 'Johnfon 
 
 arrive at Niagara, and find a great number of InJians there, 
 
 Tranficlions vi'ith th./n. Colonel BraJjlreet's orders concerning his 
 
 conduct toxvardi the Indian'. Sir IVilluim fh^/fbn rettirnshome, and 
 
 the Indians difperfe. Colonel Bradfrect met by Indian nations 
 
 filing for peace. Preliminaries granted them. C'jlonel Brad- 
 
 flreet gives an account oj his proceedings to General Gage and Colonel 
 
 Bouquet, 
 
 K 
 
."♦ 
 
 478 HISTORY OF Til F. 
 
 Ihiiqiict. Sends Cipiain Mortis to tah pojfcjjlon of the lU'wois- 
 
 conntry. Colonel Bnuifrect arrives at Detroit. fniHans fock to 
 
 fue for peace. Pc.icc concliideJ ivith tbc^n. D ,'cription of De- 
 troit. Colonel BraJJlrcet leaves that place. flis tran/aclions 
 
 ivith the Indians for a peace condemned by General Gage, y!eal of 
 
 the Six Nations in the canfe of the En^iijh. Great diflrcfs of Colonel 
 
 Bradjlreet. He con^ncrs all difficulties by his prudence . and arrives 
 
 at len'^th at Ontario. Colonel Bowjnct proceeds on his march, . 
 
 Is met hy deputies from the Senecas, Delaivars, and Sbaifamf. — 
 
 "J hey delii'fr up a great number of their captives. He exacls 
 
 Jjo/lages for their fending deputies to Sir JVilliam Johnfon, The Co- 
 
 l.ncl returns to I'iit-Pitty difpofcs of his regulars^ and fends home the 
 fi ovincuils and the refcued captives. 
 
 ,-f,, 'TT^IIE general peace, which thus put an end to a mofl. cx- 
 
 -»- teiilivc and bloody war, was jullly deemed, by the bulk 
 of mankind, a happy event. But the Britifh fubjcc^s in North- 
 America thought they had particular rcafon to rejoice at ir, as 
 it left the French fo little power in their neighbourhood, and 
 determined hy it the boundaries between the two nations, 
 with the grcateft accuracy and precifjon. In this, however, 
 they ioon found thenifelvcs greatly miftakcn. They did not 
 fullii icmly confidcr the jealous temper of tiic hidians included 
 within thcfe Ixiunds, nor the opportunity which the French, 
 by retaining poflcinon of New-Orleans, and tlie joint naviga- 
 tion of the MiiTiilippi, Hill had of inflaming that jculoufy. What 
 p.larmcd them moll was the chains of forts running through 
 their country, in almoll every diiecflion ; cfpccially thofe built 
 on their lakes, and on the feveral Ihaits between them. Thofe 
 military cftablidiments, they looked upon as the embryos of 
 fo many new colonies, by which, fooncr or later, they would 
 be elbowed out of the land of their forefathers ; and a very 
 
 imprudent 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 imprudent omiflion of tlic ufual prcfcnts on our parts, contri- 
 buted not a little to confirm thcfc apprehcnfions, which, if not 
 originally excited, were, there is great reafon to believe, 
 greatly incrcafed by the French. That nation, independent of 
 any views it might have of recovering the country which it 
 had lately cctted to the Englifh, could not but regret the lofs 
 of the gainful trade it had fo long before that period, carried 
 on with the natives ; and the likeliefl. method to get once more 
 poflfefllon of this trade, was to fow and cultivate tlie feeds of 
 diflention between tlic Indians and their new allies. They 
 therefore taught the former to conlidcr the latter in the liglit 
 of mafters, and even tyrants, rather than friends ; and it mu(l 
 be owned, that the general behaviour of the French to tlic 
 Indians, was fo very dilfercnt from that of the Fnglilli, as to 
 give all the weight the French could wilh to thofc Icflons ; the 
 cffedts of which, accordingly, became every day more and 
 more vifible. We mention thefe particulars, not only to recom- 
 mend the manner in which the French treat the Indians as 
 highly defei'ving to be imitated by us ; but to wear out of the 
 minds of fuch of our deluded countrymen as are not entirely 
 deftitutc of good fenfe aiid humanity, the prejudices conceived 
 againft an innocent, mucl\ abufed, and once happy people, 
 who, with all tlicir fimplicity, are no llrangcrs tn the iirll 
 principles of morality; and, accordingly, entertain as deep a 
 fenfe of the jufticc, benevolence, and condcfcenfion of their 
 former friends, the French, as they do of tlie injullice, cruelty, 
 and infolence, with which they have been ufcd by their prc- 
 fent fcUow-fubjeifls, the Englili^. 
 
 479 
 1763- 
 
 ' :\ 
 
 But it may be proper to give an inflancc or two of this diiFc- 
 rcnce. The French court encouraged marriages between its 
 
 fubiedls 
 
iV. 
 
 493 HISTORY OF THE " 
 
 i7'3. fubjcvfls ami Indiiin women ; and this not only proved a great 
 
 means of civili/.ing tlio nations to which the latter hclon';c(l; 
 but cUcctually fcrved to procure the former admifTion into 
 their councils, and thereby a thorough knowledge of all their 
 moft fecret defigns, from the formation of them ; and this pro- 
 - ccdure fo entirely won their anecT:ions, that to this vcjry hour, 
 the fiivages fay, the French and they are one people. 
 
 Another thing, which docs ftill greater honour to the policy 
 and humanity of the French government, was their llridly 
 forbidding the fale of fpiiituous ii(}Uors to the Indians, luulcr 
 pnin of not being abfolved by any clergyman but the bilhop: 
 this prevented many milchiefs amongfl: thefe unfortunate tribes, 
 who have fallen to our lot by the lall peace. To talle fpirits 
 and get drunk, is the fame thing with the Indians ; and from 
 drimkcnnefs arifes, among them, all diforders. There is no- 
 thing, let it be ever fo ihocking and abominable, of which an 
 intoxicated Indian is not capable ; nay, which he will not madly 
 endeavoin- to commit ; and, unfortunately, there is no advan- 
 tage which the Knglilh traders fcruple to take of them in that 
 deploiable condition. They impofe on the men both in buying 
 and idling, al)ul"e their wives and daughters, and other female 
 relations ; and go yet greater lengths, if poilible, in every 
 oilier ipccics of wickednefs. Where is the wonder then, if 
 we lb otten lind t!ie Indians on our backs, without being able 
 to p.nticuIariCe the motives of ilieir inl'urreclion : \\'e might 
 very well wonder if it weie othcrwife. Thus, the bare beha- 
 viour of a few dilTblute pedlars has often, without any other 
 aflignable caufe, coll the lives of many of our mort inoHenlivc 
 and induUrious fellow-fubjccl:;', who arc jud emerging from 
 the gloom oi" want and toil, into tl;e fair profpecl of cafe and 
 affluence. 
 
 1 There 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 No people on ilie face of tlic earth arc fuller of the 
 idea of liberty, than ih.e Nortli-American Indians. The very 
 tho\ightsof that llavery which they were made to expca under 
 the Engliih, was enough to determine them to enter intoevcry 
 propofal the French could oOer. It was wiih the utmoll regret 
 the lavages had fo lately parted with the gii'riibns of that na- 
 tion, which had been llationcd amongll them ; and with pro- 
 portionable jealouly and avciiion they received the Englifh. 
 Yet we foolillily llattercd om-felves, that this regret would 
 wear out with time, but we never took the proper Heps 
 to contribute to fo dclirable an end ; and this omiilion was 
 accompanied with a millakc productive of a (lill greater. Wc 
 vainly imagined, that however hoftile the difpofitions of the 
 favagcs might be, they could not, for want of allillance from 
 the French, do us any great mifchief ; and therefore, did not 
 fufliciently provide againll any attack from them. Our hopes 
 proved as vain and fliort-lived, as they had been fanguine and 
 premature ; and the ftorm arofc from that quarter from which 
 wc lead cxpecT;cd it. 
 
 It foon appeared, that at the very time wc were reprefenting 
 the Indians to ourfelvcs as completely fubdued, and perfectly 
 obedient to our power, they were bufy in planning the dcftruc- 
 tion, not only of our mod infignificant and remote forts, but 
 our moll important and central fettlements. They had collected 
 abundance of fmall arms and ammunition, and every other 
 necclTary fuch a holHlc and general defign could fnggcll ; and 
 then proceeded to the execution of it, with a degree of acflivity 
 and refolution, fuch as till this occafion they had never before 
 difcovcred. The Shawancfe and Delawarcs, in particular, the 
 original fcheniers of this war, were fo eager to begin it, that it 
 was with much dilliculty they could be prevailed upon to 
 
 Qjl q refrain 
 
 4B1 
 
 1763. 
 
 
 ■ I 
 
 t I! 
 
 ^/..,4 
 
 r.i 
 
f1 
 
 in 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 refrain from hoftilitics till their confederates were ready to 
 cater into action with them. '1 heir plan was to make a general 
 and fudden attack upon the frontiers, in the height of the 
 harvcll, deihoying all the fruits of the earth with man and 
 bcall, as far as they could penetrate ; and then fall on the 
 advanccil polls, intercept tiic convoys coming to them, 
 and cut oil" tiieir coi.'.munication witii the provinces. By 
 way of prelude to thi:-. horrid tragedy, they maflacred tlie 
 traders wluni they had invited aniongtl them, aiul I'ei/.cd on 
 their eirccts. TIuis flufhcd with blood, their fcalping panic:, 
 advanced to the frontiers of I'ennfylvania, Maryland, and Vir- 
 ginia, marking their way with devaflation and daughter, and 
 every where committing the moll horrid cruelties. The 
 main bodies then attacked all our out-polls, though at a great 
 dlllance from each other, almoll at the fame inllanr, and made 
 thcmlelves mailers of Le Bceuf, V^enango, rrel<iuc-Ille, and 
 f^andulky, on Lake-trie; of La IJaye, onl.ake-Michigan; of Sr. 
 Joleph, on tlie River St. Jofeph; of the NHamis, on the River- 
 Miamis ; of Ouachtanon, on the Ouabach, and of Michili- 
 mackinack. 
 
 The garrifons of all thcfc forts were very weak, a«, from 
 the general peace i'o lately concluded, it was thought they had 
 nothing to apprehend; and from the nature of their fituation, 
 they could not receive, in cafe of danger, any immediate allill- 
 ance, either from the colonies, or from each other. The In- 
 dians, knowing their weak and helplefs condition, employ- 
 ed, ncvenhclefs, flratagcm as well as force againll them. 
 They made it their bulincfs to pcrfuade the garrifon in every 
 fort, that thole in the others had furrcndered, before they 
 themfelvcs well knew whether they really had or not ; antl 
 thus, by making their lituation appear defpcratc, prevailed on 
 
 many 
 
 , ..^^-* ^p.jf-^ -"^ 
 
 ■■3^. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 many of ihcni to furrciulcr on terms, which they never intend- 
 ed toohrerve. But what contributed more than any thing eHe 
 to the lois of tliel'e places, was tlieir being niofl unaccountably 
 left to depend for their provifions on the Indians in their 
 neighbourhood ; a clrcumdance plonc fudijient to tempt the 
 Indians to attack them. I'refciue-Hlo, whicli was the moll 
 tenable in itfelf, and ftood bell for rellci", was one of thofo 
 wliich Currendercd by capitulation. The perlldy of the favagcs 
 with regard to all former capitulations between them and tlic 
 Knglifli, fliould have made the commanding ollicer rilk every 
 thing, as the folc chance of faving thofe under him from the 
 fcalping-knife, witli which they were cruelly butchered, a 
 very few excepted, amongfl whom the commanding ollicer 
 had the good fortune to make one. 
 
 4^3 
 
 -1 '1 
 
 1763. 
 
 The news of the lofs of fo many places, and of the ravages 
 which the Indians ftill continued to commit, fpread conllerna- 
 tion through the provinces, and depopulated a confiderablc 
 part of the frontier. In the fpacc of a few days, the Englifli 
 faw themfclves deprived of the fruits of feveral bloody and 
 txpenfivc campaigns. They were driven from fome of the 
 po:ls, the difpute about which had been the principal cauli; of 
 the war, as tlie polIeHion of them was one of the greateft 
 atlvantagcs obtained by the peace. Their aflairs, liowever, 
 were not )et quite delperate. Tlie hp.nds into which thcfc 
 places fell were fuch as could not keep them, like the French j 
 and ihey were lUU mailers of I'ort-riir, Niagara, and Detroit. 
 
 Thefc fort-^, bcfidcs being much lar,^er as well as better 
 conflrucled than the reft, had fullicient garrifons to fuftain a 
 fiegc of fome continuance. Niagara was not clofely attacked ; 
 but fome fcattering parties inlclled the opmmunication bc- 
 
 (^ <1 q 2 twecn 
 
 1 
 
 1! I . 
 
 «. ■• ^f*^^ 
 
 M 
 
Hi 
 
 I 
 
 ■^A 
 
 484 
 
 
 p' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 twccn it and Lake-Eric, on which fcvcral people were killecl. 
 rort-Pitt and IXnroit were indeed clofcly blockaded : but they 
 were both defended with equal vigilance and bravery ; the 
 latter, in particular, by Major Gladwin, againd the boldcd 
 leader among the lavages, and the united cllorts of all thofc 
 inhabiting the banks of the Upper-Lakes. 
 
 The Indians had entirely inveftcd Fort-Pitt, and had fo cfTec- 
 tually cut off the communication between it and every other 
 place, as made it impolliblc for the garrifon cither to fend or 
 receive any intelligence ; they even took poll under the banks 
 of both rivers, near the ramparts, and there remained, with 
 the moll incredible patience, many days together, keeping upon 
 the place a contiimal i\vc of fmall arms intermixed with heavy 
 fliowcrs of lighted arrows. Too eager to wait till famine flioiild 
 compel the garrifon to finrendcr, they hoped to elTeifl their 
 purpofe by wearing them tlown with conllant fatigue, and 
 dellroying by fire every place that could afford thcni the leall 
 flicltcr. 
 
 Captain Fcuyer, who commanded in thjs fort, wanted almofi: 
 as many necellarics to fullain a regular fiege, as the Indians 
 did to form one. Hefidcs, his works had been greatly damaged 
 by the overflowing of the neighbouring rivers : but he, witii 
 gicat judgment, emi-iloycd every method to conquer thcfe in- 
 convcniencies ; and, feconded by ihofe who had lied to him t'ov 
 protedion, took every polliblc Hep, not only to maintain his 
 pod, but rcpulic the enemy. 
 
 Sir Jeffrey Amherfl: now commanded in America; but he 
 was a conuTiander ahnoft withom any troops tO()l)ey him. The 
 llndw army, for its numbers, in the whole world; that army 
 
 5 which 
 
 
 *>t 
 
 Nh 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 which had conquered tlic Frencli territories in this quarter of 
 the globe, was now quite niched down by the Wcfl-hidia 
 fcrvicc, infomuch that there fcarcc remained a lufUciency of 
 ciTcdive men for the common garrifon duty, rcfidcs, the 
 ihattcred remains of the fcventy-feventh and cighticili regi- 
 ments were at this very time actually reduced or dilbandcd, 
 and Oidcrcd for England to be difcharged there. But conUder- 
 ing the critical fuuation of affliirs, and the neccflity there was 
 of piutingan immediate Hop to the horrid cruelties wliich the 
 favagcs were every where committing, l)c thouglit it his duty 
 to detain them ; and fending invalids to the nearer garrifons 
 to relieve fuch troops as were more fit for atflive fcrvice, he 
 ordered the forty-fecond and part of the feventy-fevcnth regi- 
 ment to Tort-Pitt. The fifty-fifth was at Ontario, the forty-fixtli 
 at Niagara, and the eightieth at Detroit. 
 
 The fewnefs of his troops put it out of the General's power 
 to think fo foon of re-eflablifliing the more dirtant ports: He, 
 therefore, for the prefent, confined his whole attention to Fort- 
 Pitt, Niagara, and Detroit. 
 
 A fmall body, therefore, was haftily colletfled for the relief of 
 Detroit, and another for the reinforcement of the garrifon of Ni- 
 agara. Thefe troops were commanded by Captain Dalyeli, who, 
 having left thofe delVmcd for Niagara, proceeded to Detroit, where 
 he arrived on the evening of the 30th of July 17(^)3. Pondiac, 
 a celebrated hidi.in chief, witli the numerous tribes in tlic vici- 
 nity of that place, had for fonie time been clofcly blockading 
 it by land ; and b\ means of a conference allowed him within 
 the fort, had furprifcd the garrifon, were it not for the vigi- 
 lance of the very abie ollicer wiio commanded there. Sufpi- 
 cion is the bell guard againll fuch infidious foes ; and Major 
 
 Gladwin 
 
 485 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 n. 
 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 •V 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 1: 
 
 it 
 
 ii^i -- vV--^-- 
 
It 
 
 486 
 
 1-6- 
 
 1 '^ 
 
 HISTORY OF THE . 
 
 Ghulwin had the good fcnfc to draw this condiifiou from tlicir 
 former conduifl in fimilar circumflanccs. Accordingly, before 
 he admitted the hidians into the place, he put the garrifon 
 luidcr arms, and made fucli other difpofiiions, as totally de- 
 feated their treacherous defign. Had they fucccedcd in their 
 deep-laid fcheme, of putting him firll to death, every man of 
 them muft have fallen a viiftim to the rcfentmcnt of his troops. 
 Tondiac had fagacity enough to perceive this. He harangued, 
 as ui'ual, on a belt, white on one fule, and green on the other; 
 and began his difcourfe on the white fide. The turning the 
 belt was to be the fignal, in cafe circumllances proved favou- 
 rable, for opening the tragedy by the murder of Major Glail- 
 win ; but Pondiac thought belter of tlic matter, and never made 
 life of it. 
 
 Many of the French had inlillcd under the banners of Pon- 
 diac ; aiul one of them became his fecretary. It was a thing 
 without precedent, for fuch a multitude of Indians to keep the 
 field (o long. Their flrong propenfity to roving, and the diOi- 
 culty of providing them with iublillence, had hitherto hinder- 
 ed their chiefs from undertaking any afi'air which recjuired 
 time and numbers to atchicve it. But on this occalion, the 
 influence of Pondiac kept them together, whilil the addrefs of 
 his fecretary procured them proviiions. To accomplilh this, 
 he ifliied formal orders to the neighbouring inhabitants, in 
 the name of the I'rench king, for what Hour and cattle was 
 wanted ; and before Captain Dalyeli's arrival, had gone i'o iar 
 as to lummon Major Gladwin to furrendcr his fort to that 
 monarch. 
 
 Had Captain Dalyell brought nothing but provifions with 
 him to Detroit, his coming there might have been reckoned 
 
 a very 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 a very cflcntial fcrvicc ; for, by ihc time he reached it, the 
 garrifon was reduced to the grcatcll ftraits. But this was not 
 cnougli to fUtisly hif? martial ardour. Ho unhappily confidcrcil 
 the Indians as a very dcCpicable foe, and dcfpifed them accord- 
 ingly. As Coon, therefore, as he became acquainted with 
 their fitiiation, he fuppolcd that it could be no difficult matter, 
 not only to make them abandon their prefent defign, but fo 
 elledually cluiflilc tiiem, as to prevent their attempting any 
 thing like it for the future. 
 
 It was in vain that Major Gladwin, who knew better, endea- 
 voured to perfuade the Claptain from tiiis dangerous under- 
 taking. All his arguments were looked upon by him as no 
 better than fo many contrivances to prevent his reaping a larg^c 
 harveft of military glory. The Major, therefore, confidering, 
 that, as Captain Dalyell was Sir Jcflrcy's aid de camp, he 
 might be rcafonably fuppoled bell acc^uainted with his fenti- 
 ments ; he therefore permitted him to make the attempt with 
 two hundred and fifcy men. To give him more was impofUbic, 
 without riflcing the lofj of the place, Ihould any accident 
 happen to thole he g \ ■. 
 
 With this force, Captain ' .dyell fallicd out, about half an 
 hour after two in the morning of die 31!!: of July ; taking the 
 nreat road by tiie rivcr-(i;le, whilU two boats, in the nature of 
 row-gallics, and. a pateraro in each of them, rowed up the 
 river, with orders to keep clofe to the Uiore, and up with the 
 line of march, in order to take olT the killed and wounded, 
 and cover a retreat in cafe of actidont. About a mile and a 
 half from the fort, the Captain ordered his nicix to lorm into 
 platoons; and, if attacked in front, to delentl themfelves by 
 llreet-firing. About a mile farther, the advanced guard, com- 
 
 7 mandcd 
 
 4^/ 
 
 »763- 
 
 
 
 ^ vV' 
 
'»»«, 
 
 4<18 HISTORY OF -r- n E 
 
 176:5. manded by Lieutenant r.rown, wis incd upon hv the enemy 
 from under i!ic cover ot iiieir works, and had fevoral men 
 killed and wounded. Some ot the balls rcachrd to tlie main 
 body, and threw the nieii into iome contullon ; but they foon 
 recovered. Captain Grey then returned the enemy's lire on the 
 front ot their works, as the quarter wlicrc molt execution 
 might be expected, it being fall too dark to diilinguifh f)bjeits. 
 Captain Grant, being in the rear, was now like wile fucd on 
 from Ibme houfes and fences, about twenty yards from hi.i 
 left ; wi'on which he faced about his own and Captain Hop- 
 kins's company, and gave a lull difcharge on thofe places from 
 whence he had been fued upon. The enemy feeming to retire 
 in confeijuenco of this ready and refoluie return oF their falutc, 
 Captain Dalyell ordered Captain Grant to take poflcflion of 
 thofe houfes and fences from which it had been given ; and 
 Captain Grant, having inuncvl lately executed thefe orders, 
 found, in one of the houfes, two men, who informed him, 
 that the enemy were about three hundred llrong; and being, 
 withal, perfedly well appriled of the garrifon's defign, in- 
 tended to get between the fallying party and the fort, to cut 
 off their retreat. 
 
 '!. 
 
 As foon as Captain Dalyell was made acquainted with thib 
 fupcriority of the enemy, and the ufe they intended to make 
 of it, he concluded it was high time to think of a retreat; and 
 to cover his march, ordered Captain Grant to take pod in an 
 orcliard. By this time the Indians began an heavy fning on 
 his rear, from the fences and corn-fields which lay behind it, 
 and he hinifelf was one of the firll who fell on the occafion. 
 Captain Grant, being informed by lieutenant Macdougal of 
 Captain Dalyell's death, and likcwil'c, thatC:aptain Grey was too 
 feverely wounded to avft, afliimed the commanti, which, by 
 
 thefe 
 
 »rH! 
 
IAT£ WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 •th-efc events, devolved upon him ; and continuing the retreat, 
 took pofleflion of the houfcs, barns, and fences, in the way to 
 the fort. But Captain Rogers, having been hard prcircd by :he 
 enemy, from behind a houl'c iii which he had taken poft, 
 was obliged to wait for one of tlic row-gallics to cover his 
 retreat. When the boat arrived, and had difperfed the favages 
 by a few difcharges, Captain Rogers loft no time in embracing 
 the opportu.iity to come oil'; and his and the feveral other 
 fmall bodies, into which the fallicrs had fcparated, having 
 joined again without any confulion, they continued their march 
 back to the fort in good order. It muft not be forgot, that 
 Captain Grant, by the able manner in which he condu6led 
 this dangerous retreat, ac(iuired to himfelf particular ho- 
 nour. Bcfides Captain Dalyell, we loft one ferjeant, and 
 eighteen rank and file killed; Captain Grey, Lieutenants Duke 
 and Brown, one drummer, and thirty-eight rank and file 
 wounded. 
 
 489 
 1763. 
 
 !>• I 
 
 %>1,< 
 
 Though the ifTue of this fully did great honour to Major 
 Gladwin's forcfight, it proved extremely diladvantageous to 
 the Englidi affairs ; not fo much, indeed, by their lofs in men, 
 as by the frefli fpirits with whicli it infpired the Indians. 
 
 All this time, Fort-Pitt continued in the moft critical fitua- 
 tion. No news was to be heard from the garrifon, or even 
 about it ; and it was a march of two hundred miles through 
 the wood to relieve it. Colonel liouquct, however, was order- 
 ed upon this difhcult and dangerous fervice, with the poor 
 remains of the forty fccond and fcventy-fcventh regiments, 
 and fome ammiuiition and provifions. Thefc corps had been 
 enfeebled, or ratlier worn down, by the expedition to the Ha- 
 vanna ; and the few furvivors not yet recovered from the con- 
 
 R r r fuming 
 
.( 'I 
 
 HISTORY OT THE 
 
 fuming and difpiriting difcafes of the Weft-India climate, faw 
 thcmfelves, when they Icaft expe(flcd ir, fuddenly engaged in 
 an expedition, whicli required the lumofl activity, and the mod 
 vigorous conftitutioii. 
 
 Orders had been given to prepare a convoy of provifions on 
 the frontiers of Penfylvania, againft the Colonel's arrival there; 
 But fuch was the general terror and conflcrnation whicii luul 
 fcizcd the inhabitants, that he had reached Carliilc before any 
 flep had been taken to forward his marcli. It mull be owned, 
 however, that this was not altogether a groundlcfs panic. A 
 great number of the poor people's plantations had been pillaged 
 and burned, and many of their mills dedroyed by the favages. 
 The harveft, indeed, was in complete maturity ; but then, there 
 was no one to gather it. Cefidcs, the greatert part of the county 
 of Cumberland, through wliich the army was to pafs, was 
 dcfcrtcd; anil the roads leading to it covered with wretclied 
 families, who having fuddenly abandoned their habitations to 
 fave their hvcs, were now ready to pcrifla for want of tlic mo'X 
 common necellarics to fupport nature. 
 
 By this confufion, the fupplies for the expedition became 
 
 more and more precarious. Inflead of receiving fuccours from 
 
 a people in cafy and i^^llluent circumdances. Colonel Bouquet 
 
 was obliged to divide his own provifions with them. Ncvcrthc- 
 
 lefs, in eighteen days after his arrival at Carlille, by an happy 
 
 combination of activity in him, and good will in the interior 
 
 parts of the province, the (lores and ncceifary carriages were 
 
 ready, and the army put into motion. 
 « 
 
 The fpirits of the people, however, were not much mended 
 
 by this march. They were too well acquainted witli tiie 
 
 7^ llrength 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 flrcngth and ferocity of the enemy, not to look upon them as 
 more than an overmatch for Colonel Bouquet's army, con- 
 fuicring the I'mall number and weak condition of the regulars 
 which compofcd it. Such of them therefore, as had lettlc- 
 mcnts on the Sufquehana, held themfclves in readinefs to 
 abandon them on the firft news of the fatal event they appre- 
 hended. In this (late of defpondcncy, it is not furprifmg that 
 they refufcd to follow the troops for their common defence. 
 Their knowlcgc of the woodn, as well as their being good 
 hunter;,, and excellent markfmcn, might have been of the 
 gvcatcft fcrvicc ; but their fears were, unfortunately, tooftrong, 
 to let them fet a proper value upon thcCc advantages. 
 
 The defeat of this little army would have expofed the pro- 
 vince of PenfyJvania, in particular, to the greateft danger, con- 
 fulering the entcrprifing genius and barbarous difpofition of 
 the enemy it had to deal with. The county of Cumberland, 
 which formed the frontier, could mufter no militia to oppofe 
 ihc liiuians, even if its inhabitants had not deferted it, moft of 
 them being traders and farmers, ignorant of the ufe of arms. 
 Government, indeed, had ordered a levy of fcven hundred men 
 to cover thefe frontiers during the harveft. But wiiat could be 
 expected from new raifcd, raw, and even undifciplined troops ? 
 Accordingly, Colonel Bouquet was obliged to depend entirely 
 upon himfelf, having no troops, or any farther fupply of 
 {lores to expe(5l from the province, nor any reinforcement from 
 the General, who had already given him every man that was 
 in a condition to quit the hofpitiil ; nay, many of thefe were too 
 weak to make ufe of their legs ; and therefore were obliged to 
 be carried in waggons, merely for the purpofe of adding fouic 
 ftrcngth, fuch as it was, in proportion as they recovered, to the 
 
 R r r 3 fmall 
 
 49t 
 
 1763. 
 
 m ' 
 
 I 
 
 '■4 
 
 
 ■'-XJ 
 
 I iMyy'"'''""'"''''"!™^*^^*^" 
 
 ■^.■11 nii If- im- p<iiiBfij|ii|afl 
 
iu 
 
 HISTORY OF THE ■ 
 
 fmall pofls on the route, by which the communication was to 
 be kept up. 
 
 In the mean time, Fort-Ligonier was in great danger of tail- 
 ing into the hands of the enemy, before the Colonel could 
 roach it. Its defences were very bad, the garrifon weak, and 
 the attack made upon it by the hidians vigorous enough to 
 give apprehcnfions to a ftrong one. But they were repulfed by 
 tlie conduct and bravery of Lieutenant Blanc, who commanded 
 t-^icrc. 
 
 The prefervation of this pod was of the utmoft confequcncc, 
 from its fituation, and Hill more, from a great magazine of 
 provilions it contained. Could the Indians have made them- 
 fclvcs maflcrs of it, they miglit have continued the fiege of- 
 Fort-Pitt, with better hopes of fuccefs, and greatly incommode 
 the troops ckllincd to relieve it. Confidcring thefe circum- 
 {lanccjs, there was an almoft abfolute neccllity for fuccouring 
 it at any rifk. A body, therefore, of thirty men, accompanied 
 with good guides, was detached for that purpofe, and ordered 
 to take their route by the woods, by which means they had the 
 good fortune to fuccccd. Twenty volunteers, fent by Captain 
 Oury from lort-Bcdford, a place between Carlillc and Fort-Pitr, 
 in which there was another magazine, had arrived there before 
 them. Fort-Bedford had not yet been attacked by the favages ; 
 otherwife it would have been highly imprudent in Captain 
 Oury to have made fuch a detachment, as his place was not 
 llronger, either in works or in men to defend liicm, than Lieu- 
 te«ant Blanc's ; but a great number of dilheired families in 
 its neighbourhood had fled to it for protection, leaving their 
 clTetSts a prey to the favages : this enabled Captain Oiuy thus 
 fio attend to the relief of his partners in danger, whilil he took 
 a. every 
 
 \ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 every mcafurc which prudence and miHrary fkill could fnggcfl 
 to ciif'urc his own fafcty, by preventing lurprilc, rcpuHing open 
 attacks, and rendering uiclefs or defeating the cflcds of tlie 
 burning arrows, wliich the hidians fliowercd into the place. 
 With this view, he formed into companies all the fugitives 
 that were capable of carrying arms -, and they did duty witii 
 the garrifon, till the arrival of two companies of light infantry, 
 detached by Colonel Bouquet. 
 
 This able officer having tlius provided for the fafcty of thcfs 
 two important magazines at tiic forts Ligonicr and Bedfordi 
 advanced to the moll diilant fcttlcmcnts, without being able to 
 procure the lead intclligerK:e of the number orfituation of the 
 enemy. He could not get any even at Fort-Bedford, where ho 
 arrived on the 25th of July. l"or though the Indians dared 
 not to make any attack upon that place, tlieir parties wero 
 fo well difpnfcd in the neighbourhood, that neither meflen- 
 ger nor any tiling cHc could efcape them; and accordingly, 
 eighteen pcrfuns had been made prifoncrs, or killed and- 
 fcalpcd by them. 1 his total want of intelligence is no un- 
 common cafe with officers conducting campaigns in North- 
 America; whereas the Indians always have the bed inform- 
 ation, and they liad it at this time in particular. As foor» 
 as they heard of Colonel Bouquet's march, they raifed tho 
 fiege of I'ort-Pitt, in order to meet him, fully refolvcd to feizc 
 the lirll opportunity of attacking him to advant.ige. 
 
 In this uncertainty concerning the (Irength and motions of 
 the Indians, Colonel Bouquet IcCt lort-Bcdford on the 28th of 
 July. On his arrival at Fort-Ligonier, he prudently determined 
 to leave there his Wxaggons, with Ibme provifions, powder, and 
 
 odicr 
 
 11 
 
 
 15 
 
 Mi 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 4\ 
 
 hM 
 
 -'f J 
 
' I 
 
 i' 
 
 i*i 
 
 
 u 
 
 494 
 
 . HISTORY OF THE 
 
 oilier floret, and piirfuc his rout with the troops only, and 
 about three hunched and forty horfes loaded with (lour. lie 
 had to pafs a place called Turtle-Creek, a dan(;erous defde, 
 many miles in length, and commanded, on every fide, by deep 
 hill;;. Havin;; halted fome time to refrelh his men and horfes 
 at nuniy-llun, he came to a refolution of making a forced 
 march through this dcfde in the night ; but, at one in the after- 
 noon of the 5t!i of Augud, after a march of fcventcen miles, 
 Ills advanced guard was fuddenly attacked by a body of the fa- 
 v.itres, who had hid thcmfelvcs on the fide of the road for that 
 purpofe ; but being immediately fupported by the two light 
 infantry companies of the foriy-fecond regiment, they drove 
 them from their ambtifcade, and even piirfucd thein to fonie 
 diflance. The favager., however, returned to the attack, and 
 iheir fire proving obllinate on the front, and extending along 
 the flanks. Colonel l}ou([uet found it necellary to make a ge- 
 neral charge with hi:, whole line, to dillodgc them from the 
 heights, and fucceeded in the attempt, though without gain- 
 ing by his fuccefs any decifn c ailvantage. The favages were 
 no fooner driven from one place than they appeared in ano- 
 ther, and when no longer purfiied, returned to the charge, 
 till, by receiving continual reinforcements, they were at hill 
 enabled to furround the Englilh on every fide, and even attack " 
 the convoy left in their rear, which obliged Colonel Hoiujuct 
 to march back to protccl it. The aclion, upon this, !)ccanic 
 general. But though the favages attacked the Englilh upoii 
 every fide, and fouglit with uncommon refolution, they were 
 conitantly rcpulfed with lofs. Ours, however, was by no means 
 inconliderablc. Captain-Lieutenant CJraham, and Captain Mac- 
 intofh, of the foriy-fecond regiment, were killed ; and Cajv 
 tain Graham, Lieutenant Dow, of the Royal Americans, Lieu- 
 tenant 
 
LATE V/AR IN AMERICA. 
 
 tenant Donald Campbell, and Volunteer Peebles of the fcvcnty- 
 levcnth, wounded. liie battle ended only with the day. The 
 ,{;rcat aaivity of Major Clanipbell, of the fortv-lccond rc^ri- 
 nicnt, was of infinite ferviee upon this very critieal occafion. 
 Indeed, the conducl of iJic olllcers in general, was above praife; 
 and the men kept themfelves, the whole time, fo cool, and 
 behaved fo Readily, that they never attempted to fire without 
 orders ; and at length drove the favagc;i from their polls v.uh 
 fixed bayonets. 
 
 PofTeiHon was now taken of a hill wlicre the conVoy had 
 halted when the front was firft attacked, as it aflbrdcd a com- 
 modious fpot, both with rc^^ard to fituation and extent, for the 
 purpofc of a temporary poll. Accordingly, the whole of the 
 army was here incircled, the wounded being covered with the 
 flour-bags. 
 
 The morning of tlic next day, being tlie 6th of Auguft, the 
 favages furrounded the camp at the dillance of about five hun- 
 dred yards, and by a perpetual fhouting and yelling quite 
 round thisextcnlivc circumference, were in hopes of terrifying 
 the army with their numbers. They then, very early, began an 
 .ittack; and keeping up an inccflant fire, made fcveral bold 
 clTorts to penetrate the camp ; but all to no purpofe. Still, 
 however, their method of fighting rendered our fituation ex- 
 tremely critical and perplexing. Brifk attacks can have but 
 little cfT'ect ui>on an enemy who always give way when preiled, 
 and immediately appear again. Lefulcs, the Englifli troops were 
 exceedingly fatigued with the long march, and long aiftion 
 of the preceding day ; and what was flill worfe, dirirelled to 
 the lall degree by a total want of water, much more intolerable 
 
 than the enemy's fire. 
 
 Tied 
 
 495 
 
 1765. 
 
 M 
 
 ■ i 
 
 m 
 
 •mmm 
 
4^6 IM STORY OF THE 
 
 176?. Tied to his wounded and liis convoy, the Colonel could not 
 
 lofc light of cither, witliout cxpofmg thcni to tall a prey to the 
 favagcs, who prelVed upon him on every fuic : Yet, to move 
 with the whole was imprac^icahlc, as he had lo(l a great many 
 horfes, and the drivers, lUipefied by fear, had either hid thcm- 
 fclves in the bullies, or were become incapable of obeying or 
 even hearing orders. 
 
 At length, the f.ivagcs gnnving every moment more and 
 more audacious, Clolonel Bouquei, with that happy fagacity 
 which fometimes draws from evils their own remedy, thouglu 
 the bell thing he could do, would be, if polllblc, to increafe 
 their conlidence, and by that means entice them to clofe ii\ 
 , upon him, or at leall Hand their ground when attacked. With 
 this view, he ordered two companies of light infantry within 
 the circle, and the troops on the right and left to open their 
 liles, and fill up the fpacc thcfe two companies had occupied, 
 that it might look as if the latter intended to cover the retreat 
 of the former. The third company of light infantry, with the 
 grenadiers of the forty-fecond regiment, were ordered tofupport 
 the two full companies. Tlii.s maiucuvic had the dclired elVecl; 
 for the few troops who hatl taken poirelllon of the ground which 
 the two companies of light infantry had left, being brought in 
 nearer to the circle, the barbarians, millaking all thcfe triotions 
 for a coniirnKd retreat, hurried headlong on, with the moll 
 dtiring intrepidity. Hut jutl as, after exceHi\ely galling our 
 troops with a moll heavy fire, they thought themfclves mailers 
 .of the camp, Major Campbell, at the head of the two compa- 
 nies which had begun the deception, fallied upon tliem from 
 a part of the hill they could not oblerve, and fell upon their 
 ji-iglu Hank. The baibarians returned his ftrc with grcac refo- 
 
 lution J 
 
 '' 11 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 lution ; but could not withaand the irrcfiaiblc force of bay- 
 onets, with which the Major rufhcd in upon them, kilUng 
 many, and putting the reft to flight. In the mean time, orders 
 having been ilnt to the other two companies to improve the 
 advantage, they were delivered fo critically by Captain BafTct, 
 and executed with fo much celerity and fpirit, that the routed 
 favages, who happened at that moment to be running before 
 their front, received their full fire ; and not being covered by 
 any trees, their ufual defence, fullered a conliderablc lofs. 
 The four companies uniting, did not give them time to load 
 a fccond time, nor even look behind them, but purfued thcni 
 till they were totally difpcrfcd. This, indeed, was only the 
 right of the favages ; but their left was fo elTcftually awed by 
 the reft of the Englifli troops, ported on the brow of the hill 
 for that purpofc, that they durft not attempt to fupport the 
 right ; and being at length witnefles to its uncxpcdled defeat, 
 prudently followed the example, and faved themfelves by a 
 precipitate flight. 
 
 The woods being now cleared, and the purfuit over, the 
 four companies took pofTeflion of another hill in the front ; 
 and as foon as litters could be made for the wounded, and the 
 flour deftroycd, with every thing elfc, which, for want of 
 horfcs, could not be rarricd olT, Colonel Bouquet marched on 
 without any farther molcftaiion, and encamped at Bufhy-Run, 
 where there was plenty of water. Here, however, his camp 
 was hardly formed, when, notwithftanding the ifTuc of the late 
 actions, his little army was again fired upon by the favages. 
 But they were again foon difpcrfcd by the light infantry. 
 The lofs of the Indians in thcfc anions could never be afcer- 
 
 S f f taincd. 
 
 'A 
 
 '. t 
 
 omma 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 ^^ 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 
 taincd. Ours amounted to about fifty killed ) And fixty 
 wounded. 
 
 m 
 
 After this defeat, the (sivages, having loft all hopes of dc- 
 llroying Colotitl Bouciuei's army on its march, inftead of re- 
 newing the licgc of Fort-Pitt, fled with the utmoft precipita- 
 tion to their moll diilant fettlements. The Colonel reached 
 that place, with his convoy, four days after his laft aiHiion; 
 but, as he did not find himfclf in a condition to follow the 
 hidians beyond the Ohio, and thereby more completely reap 
 the fruits of his late viAory over them ; and liaving no rea- 
 fon to hope for any reinforcements from the provinces in their 
 prefcnt diftrefled condition, he put an end, though with great 
 reluiftancc, to the operations of the campaign, by providing 
 Fort-Pitt, and the pofts on the communication, with provi- 
 fjons, ammunition, and other neceflary flores, and diftribut- 
 in§ his troops into winter (j^uartcrs. 
 
 During thefe operations, Detroit continued to be block- 
 aded } and the garrifon fuffercd greatly from fatigue, and 
 the want of provifions. They muft even have fallen vidlims 
 to famine, had it not been for the extraordinary bravery of 
 the crew of a fchooncr, which had been difpatched from Nia- 
 gara, with provifions for their relief. This vcflcl failed from 
 Niagara, the latter end of Augull 1763, with twelve men, 
 including the maflcr, and fix Mohawk hidian&> who were in- 
 tended for a particular fer vice. On the 3d of September liic 
 entered the River-Detroit ; and, in the morning of the next 
 day, the Moliawks appearing extremely defirous to be put on 
 fliorc, the mailer very inconfiderately yielded to their wiflics. 
 z All 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 All that day the wind proved contrary. About nine in the even- 
 ing, "whilft the vcflcl lay at anchor, the boatfwain difcovcrcd a 
 numb' . of canoes coming >down the river, with about three 
 hundred and fifty hidians in them. They were immediately 
 faluted with the bow gun. But, before the other guns could 
 be brought to bear upon them, they had got under the veflel's 
 bow and ftern, in fpite of all her fmall arms and fwivcls j and 
 attempted to board her. Upon this, the men, abandoning 
 their fmall arms, took to their fpears, a weapon with which 
 they had been fortunately provided ; and, witii amazing bra- 
 very and refolution, killed numbers of them; notwithftanding 
 which, the favages cut the cable, thinking thereby to divert 
 the attention of the crew from the defence of the vclTcl to 
 the management of her fails and rudder j but the flratagem 
 turned upon themfelves. The fchooner, fwinging round, not 
 only threw the Indians fuddenly into the utmoll confufion, 
 but gave the Englilh an opportunity of making ufc of their 
 great guns, which now did confidcrablc execution, and dif* 
 perfed the Indians, who were utter ftrangers to the nature of 
 this marine manoeuvre. The mafl.er of the fchooner, a"d 
 one of his men, were killed in this affair; and four men 
 were wounded ; but the remainder of the crew carried her to 
 Detroit, whofe fate depended on her fafc arrival. To abandon 
 the place, or at lead gain Niagara by land, was impracticable 
 without a greater flock of provifions than the garrifon could 
 command, even were there no enemies on the road tooppofe 
 their march ; and famine muil have been the certain confe- 
 quente of remaining in it. The garrifon then had no other 
 profpe(ft but certain death. The arrival of the fchooner, there- 
 fore, relieved them from the moft difmal apprchenfions ; and 
 proportional were the carefTes and other marks of gratitude, 
 
 S f s 2 witl\ 
 
 49') 
 
 1763. 
 
 '*(; Kil 
 
 '1 
 
 
 1 
 
 i! 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 
 with which they loaded the heroes to whom they owed their 
 dcHvcrancc. The officers, in particular, as a mark of diftinc- 
 tion, as well as a reward for their bravery, prefentcd each of 
 them witli a filver medal defcriptive of the acftion ; and it has 
 been ever fincc conftantly worn by them, at the button-hole, 
 in the manner of a Croix dc Saint Louis. 
 
 Excitements fuch as this, were they to be univerfally ufcd in 
 the fcrvicc, would be attended with the moft happy confc- 
 quences ; fmcc nothing can be lo flattering to the human mind, 
 efpecially the mind or thofc engaged in a profcffion where 
 glory is generally the chief objeft, as to be diftinguiflied from 
 one's fellow lohlicrs by fome confpicuous ornament, to which 
 fupcrior merit can alone entitle the wearer. 
 
 Tlie garrilbn of Detroit being now well fupplicd with pro- 
 vifions, the efforts of the enemy proved of no great confc- 
 qucnce, though the fctting in of winter prevented any thing 
 more being attempted for its relief, till the return of a fcafon 
 more favourable to military operations. Major Gladwin fecurcd 
 the garrifon againll any fiuldcn attack ; and the Indians in a 
 great meafure difpcrfed, except fome fmall parties who lurked 
 about the fort in fuch a manner as to render it extremely dan- 
 gerous to pafs the pallifade. 
 
 Niagara had not been attacked ; but, then, the communica 
 tion between it and Lake Krie, was continually infefl:ed by the 
 Indians, which made it necefTary to fend large efcorts with 
 every thing, that was to pafs the carrying place for the garri- 
 fon of Detroit. To remove this obflaclc, a detachment of about 
 ninety men was made from Niagara to attack the body of In- 
 dians which formed it. But the inconHdcrate ardour of the 
 
 commanding 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA, 
 
 commanding ofliccr hurried him into an ambufcadc, in which 
 himfelf, and the whole of his party, except three or four, un^ 
 fortunately pcrilhcd.. 
 
 The nature of this campaign, of 1763, which was entirely 
 defcnfivc on our part, and the many advantages the Indians 
 had gained in the courfc of it, without receiving any confider- 
 able check, infpircd them with a boldncfs and rcfolution fu- 
 perior to any they iiad hitherto manifcflcd. This incrcafe of 
 what generally turns the fcule in every hoRile conteft, required 
 the moft aiflive as well as mofl powerful meafures in the Eng- 
 lifli to countcraeft it to any purpofe. Notliing lefs could anfwer, 
 than a formidable army as early in the field as the feafon 
 would permit, and the mofl vigorous olTcnfive ufe tiiat could 
 be made of it; but the General was ftill without a number of 
 regular troops fuflicient for thac purpofe. Nay thofc he had 
 were in a (late of difcontent and mutiny, on account of an or- 
 der which compelled them to pay for their rations, inilead of 
 being allowed them gratis, as they had been during the whole 
 courfe of the lafl war. But Sir Jcfhrey Amherfl having taken 
 upon him to reprclent their inability to comply witli this new 
 regulation, and ordered provilions to be ifTued, as ufual, for 
 the enfuing campaign, their minds became a little more quiet ; 
 and the following order, whilll it proved extremely flattering 
 to thoic whom it more particularl)- concerned, ferved to create 
 a fpirit of emulation amongft all thofc in general engaged in . 
 the fervicc. . 
 
 Head-Quarters, New- York, 5th June, 1764. 
 
 " The King has been graciouily pleafed to fignify to the Com- 
 mander in chief his royal approbation of the conducT: and bra- 
 very 
 
 
 i , 
 
 ■'i 
 
 d.»~.-~-~ iatft. -< 
 
501 
 
 1764. 
 
 <■ -Li. ^f 
 
 H. TORY OF THE 
 
 very of Colonel Bouquet, and the officers and troops under his 
 command, in the two adions of the ^th and 6th of Auguft lalt, 
 in which, notwitliftanding the difficulty, and the diftrefling 
 circuinftanccs which prefcntcd thcmfclves, and likcwife the 
 boldnefs and extraordinary rcfolution of the Indians, he friif- 
 tratcd their dcfigns, rcpu'icd their repeated attacks, and hap- 
 pily conducted his convoy f:itc to Fort Pill." 
 
 The fcarcity of regular troops obliged the GcPiCral to make 
 a rcquifition from the provinces ; their refpcciiive aflemblics 
 chcarfuUy complied with his demands, and iiTued orders for 
 levying the reinforcements they had fevcrally agreed to give 
 him. 
 
 i^.i 
 
 The plan of operations was to fend a corps, under the com-^ 
 mand of Ct^lonel Bouquet, to attack the Delawars, tlie Shawa- 
 nefc, the Mingoes, the Mohicons, and oilier hidians fettled 
 between the Ohio and tlie lakes ; whilft another, to be com- 
 manded by Colonel Bradllrcct, attacked the I lurons, the Wian- 
 dots, the Ottawas, the Chippawas, and other nations on the 
 banks of the lakes. The naval preparations on tlie lakes be- 
 longing to Captain Loring's department, he was ordered to 
 Ofwego to do every thing that was nccclHiry to forward them. 
 In the mean time, Sir "William Jolinron was to go to Niagara, 
 to ratify the following preliminaries of peace which he had 
 fettled in the fpring with the Senecas ; and ufe his influence to 
 prevail on as many as he could of the faithful Indians to ac- 
 company Colonel Bradftrcet in his expedition. 
 
 Preliminary 
 
cr Ills 
 ftlall, 
 efling 
 fc the 
 frul- 
 l hap- 
 
 makc 
 niblics 
 crs for 
 to give 
 
 ic com- 
 Shawa- 
 
 fcttlcd 
 )C com- 
 q Wian- 
 
 on the 
 kcs bc- 
 Icicd ti) 
 (1 them. 
 
 :iagara. 
 
 he had 
 icncc to 
 
 s to ac- 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Preliminary Articles of peace, friendjhlp arui alliance, entered 
 into betivecn the deputies fcnt from the -whole Seneca nation^ and Sir 
 IVilltam fohnfon. Baronet, bis AUije/l/sfo/e Agent and Superintendant 
 of Indian affairs, for the northern parts of North America, and Colonel 
 of the Six United Nations, their allies and dependants, ^rc. 
 
 Art. I. That the Seneca nation do immediately Hop all hofti- 
 litics, and folemnly engage never more to make war upon 
 the EngUHi, or fuilcr any of-' their people to commit any 
 atfts of violence on the pcrfons or properties of any of his 
 Majcfty's fubjeds. 
 
 jinfivcr. The Sachems and Chiefs of the Scnecas agree fully 
 to this article. 
 
 Li. That they forthv^rith rollcift all the Englifli prifoners, dcfert- 
 ers, Frenchmen, and Negroes, amongfl: them, and deliver 
 them up to Sir William Johnfon (together with the two In- 
 dians of Kanellio, who killed the traders in November lybz) 
 previous to the treaty of peace, which will take place within 
 tluec months, if thefe articles are agiced to; and that they 
 engage never to harbour or conceal any deferters, French- 
 men, or Negroes, from this time ; but, Ihould any fuch take 
 refuge amongft them, they arc to be brought to the com- 
 manding officer of the next garrifon, and delivered up ; pro- 
 miflng, likewifc, never to ob(lru(fl any fearch made after 
 fuch pcrfons, or to hinder their being apprehended in any part 
 of their country. 
 Anfiver. Agreed to ; and they will affift in apprehending any 
 
 fuch in their towns. 
 
 HI. That they cede to his Majcfty, and his fucccflbrs for ever,,. 
 in full right, the lands from tlic fort of Niagara, extending. 
 «aftcrly, along Lake-Ontario, about four miles, comprehend- 
 ing 
 
 503 
 1764. 
 
 }\ 
 
 
 ' ■• L f ..i..»M * " ' iim » ' mm 
 
\ 
 
 ■u 
 
 504 
 
 176*. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ing the Pctit-Marais, or landing-place, and running from 
 thence, foutherly, about fourteen miles to the creek above 
 Fort-Scholficr or little Niagara, and down the fame to the ri- 
 ver or limit; thence down the river or flrait, and acrofs the 
 fame, at the great cataraift ; thence, northerly, to the banks 
 of Lake Ontario, at a creek or fmall lake about two miles 
 weft of the fort ; thence, cafterly, along the banks of Lake- 
 Ontario, and acrofs the river or flrait to Niagara ; compre- 
 hending the whole carrying place, with the lands on both 
 fulcs the ftrait ; and containing a traft of about fourteen 
 miles in length, and four in breadth. And the Senecas do 
 engage never to ob{lru<5l the pafl'age of the carrying place, 
 or the free ufc of any part of the faid track; and will like- 
 wife give free liberty of cutting timber for the ufc of his 
 Majcfty, or that of the garrifons, in any other part of their 
 country not comprehended therein. 
 
 j^nficcr. Agreed to ; provided the track be always appropriated 
 to his Majefty's Ible ufc ; and that at the definitive treaty tiic 
 lines be run in the prcfencc of Sir William Johnfon and fomc of 
 the Senecas, to prevent difputes hereafter. 
 
 IV. That they allow a free paffagc through their country from 
 that of Cayugas to Niagiira or clfcwhere, for the ufc of his 
 Majefty's troops for rvcr ; engaging never to obftruc^ or mo- 
 left any of his Majefty's troops, or other his fubjcc^s, who 
 may make ufc of the fame, or who may have occafion to 
 pafs through any part of their country by land or by water, 
 from henceforward. 
 
 Anfwer. Agreed to: And moreover (if required) the Senecas will 
 grunt efcortsof their people; but it is expected they will not be 
 ill-treated by any of the Englifli, who may pafs through their 
 country. 
 
 8 V. That 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 V. That they grant to hisMajcfty, and his fucccflbrs, for ever, a 
 free ufc of the harboars for veflels or boats within their 
 country, on Lake-Ontario, or in any of the rivers ; with li- 
 berty to land (lores, &c. and eredl flieds for their fccurity. 
 
 Agrked to. 
 
 50^ 
 1 7 (^4. 
 
 VI. That they immediately flop all intercourfc between any of 
 their people and thofe of the Shawancfe and Delawares, or 
 other his Majefty's enemies, whom they are to treat as com- 
 mon enemies j and to allift his Majcfly's arms, in bringing 
 them to proper puniflimcnt, folemnly engaging never to be 
 privy to, aid, or aflift, any of his Majcfly's enemies, or thofe 
 who may hereafter attempt to diflurb the public tranquillity. 
 
 Agreed to. 
 
 VII. That fliould any Indian commit murder on, or rob any of 
 his Majcfly's fubjeifts, he fhall be immediately delivered up, 
 to be tried and punifhed, according to the equitable laws 
 of England : and, (hould any white man be guilty of the like 
 crime towards the Indians, he fliali be immediately tried and 
 puniflied, if guilty. And tlie Scnccas are never, for the fu- 
 ture, to procure thcmf'clvcs fatisfaction, othcrwife than as 
 before mentioned ; but to lay all matter of complaint before 
 Sir William Johnfon, or his Majcfly's fupcrintendunt of In- 
 dian affairs, for the time being, and flri^ly to maintain and 
 abide by the covenant chain of fricndfliip. 
 
 Agreed to. 
 
 VIII. For the due pcrfoi m/MCC of thcfc articles, the Scnccas are 
 xo deliver up three of their chiefs as hoflages, who are to be 
 
 X 1 1 well 
 
 »!; 
 
 « 
 
 .ti' 
 
 ,1 ' 
 
 I'i 
 
 
 
 :■■* 
 
fi 
 
 5o5 HISTORYOPTHE 
 
 1764. well treated, and rcfiorcd to them as foon as the fame arc- 
 
 fully performed on their parts. 
 
 yfn/ircr. They agree to leave as hoftagcs, Wannaughfila, 
 Serrihodna, and Arajungas, three of their chiefs. 
 
 IX. In confcqucncc of their pcrfeJl a;;rccment to the forego- 
 ing articles, Sir William Jolmfon doth, by virtue of the 
 jwwers and authorities repofed in him, in the name of his 
 Britannic Majclly, promife and engage, that the faid Indians 
 fliall have a full pardon for part tranfgrcirions : That they 
 fliall be left in the 'juiet and peaceable pofleflion of all their 
 rights not comprifed in the foregoing articles; and that, 
 on their only duly performing the fame, and fuhfcribingthc 
 definitive treaty of peace to be held in confequence here- 
 of, they fliall be once more admitted into the covenant chain 
 of friendlhip with the Englifh, and be indulged with a free, 
 fair, and open trade, fo long as they abide by their cngage- 
 mcnts, 
 
 Anfivcr, This article the Scnccas cxpecfl: will be flri(f\Iy regard- 
 ed, and alfo that trade will be carried on in a fair and equit- 
 able manner. 
 
 The foregoing articles, after being duly and fully explain- 
 ed to the chiefs and warriors, deputies from the Senecas, 
 they have fignified their aflent thereto, by affixing marks 
 Ckf their tribes, to thefe prefcnts. 
 
 Given under my hand at Johnfon-Hall, die 3d day of 
 April, 1764.. 
 
 (Signed) W. Johnson. 
 
 TagA'ANEdie. S.\c;enqukraghta. 
 
 Kaanijrs. Wanughsisiae. 
 
 CnoNEUAGAU. Tacnoondie. 
 
 Aughnawawis. Taanjac^ua. 
 
 ■" % 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 As the operations of Colonel Bradftreet were to be carried on 
 "by water, lie conflnnflcd the model of a boat on a new plan, 
 forty-fix feet in keel, to carry twcnty-icvcn men, and three 
 weeks provifions. The General having approved of this model, 
 the proper workmen were immediately fct upon '., tildin;?; as 
 many boats after it as the expedition required; aul Ilores of 
 every kind were collc(5tcd at Schenectady, whilfl Colonel Brad- 
 Arcct exerted all his vigilante and aiTtivity to forward thcfe and 
 all other mcafures neccflliry to infurc the advantages of an 
 early campaign. But thotigh the boats, provifions, amnuini- 
 tion, and other flores, were acluaily ready by the appointed 
 time, it was the beginning of June before any of the provin- 
 cial troops arrived at the rendezvous at Albany. 
 
 General Sir JcfTrey Amhcrd had obtained leave to return to 
 England : activity and refolution had diftinguilhed his com- 
 mand ; and the dilpofition of his fucceiror, General Gage, 
 proved fuch a contrail to it, as could not but Ihike the colonies. 
 Accordingly, they foon difcovered it; and the confcquencc was, 
 a fudden abatement of the ardour with which they had begun 
 to recruit. The number and quality of the troops tiiey fur- 
 niflied for Colonel Bradlheet':; expedition, by no means proved 
 anfwerablc to tlie inteiuions of the prefent General's predc- 
 cellbr ; and when a good number of thole who had been raifed 
 for the fervicc wetc lirll aflcm'oied, they looked more like 
 candidates f.n- an bofpital, than men that were to be immedi- 
 ately employed on a duty, for which the moll perfccb health 
 and vigorous conftitution were fo indii'penfibly requilite. After 
 many delays, however, the provinces pvu their troops in mo- 
 tion ; and as foon as they arrived, Colonel Bradftrct ordered 
 them to Ofwego. Sir William fohnfbn had order-. 1 he Indians 
 who were to accompanv Colonel Hradllreet, to rendezvous' at 
 
 1- t t 3 tl^c 
 
 soy 
 
 1764. 
 
 'I 
 
 ■: f 
 
 
 
i ! 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the fame place ; and Captain Loring had ready there the vcflcis 
 tliai were to be employed in carrying provilions from thence 
 to Niagara, tor the ufc of the army. 
 
 At this critical conjuncture, Colonel Bradftrcct was fcizcd 
 with a violent illncfs ; but nothing could abate his ardour for 
 the fcrvice. Though incapable of aflllling pcrlonally iu the 
 fmallcft degree, he could not be prevailed upon to remain 
 at Albany, even a few days, but rcfolutely pcrlilled »n being 
 convcyc(i to Ofwego. The Englifh troops were now there, as 
 likewif'e the Indians under Sir William Johnfon. Redhead, the 
 chief of the Onandaga tribe, happening to die at Ofwego, he 
 was buried with all the honours of war, as well on our part as 
 that of the Indians, the more to attach them to our ir.tcrell. 
 The death of this warrior proved a confulerable lofs to Colonel 
 Bradftreet, who had, on many trying occaftons, experienced 
 his fidelity and courage. 
 
 The army confided of the 
 17th Regiment, 
 
 New- York battalion, 
 Connecticut battalion, 
 Jerfey battalion, 
 Boatmen, 
 
 245 
 
 98 
 
 344 
 213 
 
 209 
 
 73 
 
 I. 
 
 Total, 1180 
 
 Thcfe were ordered into the large boats, and the Indians in 
 their boats and canoes, all under the command of Lieutenant 
 Colonel Campbell, of the feventeenth regiment, to Niagara, 
 where they arrived in the beginning of July, when Colonel 
 Bradftrcet, being alfo arrived, took upon hira t!ic command of 
 
 the 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 rhc whole. Liciucnant Monrrcfor, of the corps of engineers, 
 had been ordered by Colonel Bradrtrect to throw up a chain of 
 redoubts on the <:arrying place, in order to prevent any infults 
 from the enemy in tranfportin^ the provifions, ftorcs, and boats 
 from one lake lo another ; and likewife, to erc(5l a fort on tho 
 banks of Lake-Eric, for the fecurity of tiic veffel;, employed 
 upon it ; and thefe ferviccs were eireiTtiuilly performed before 
 the arrival of the armv. 
 
 During the preceding winter, or early in the fpiing, Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnfon had lent belts of wampum to certain Indian 
 nations to meet him at this time, in order to renew their friend- 
 ihip; and to others to accommodate diflerences, and fettle terms 
 of peace. Major (iUulwin had likewife recommended it, from 
 Detroit, to feveral other Indian nations to attend this congrefs. 
 Accordingly, Sir William being now arrived at Niagara, found 
 there a vail concourfe of the Indians, who had been thus 
 fummoned or invited, reinforced by an equal number of 
 others, whom want of trade, or a delire of purchafmg neccfTi- 
 ries, fuch as rum, blankets, &c. and even mere curioftty or 
 accident had brought to the fame place ; fo that, upon the 
 wht)le, this great meeting might be deemed as much almoft 
 the ciVc'tt of chance as delign. But, whatever motives thefe 
 Indians might have had originally, for flocking together in 
 this unufual manner, the pretext ufed by one part of them was 
 to accommodate matters with the Englilh ; and by the other, 
 to oU'er their fervicc for the expedition: but all, to the amount 
 of at leall feventeen hundred, expeoled prefents, and, whilft 
 at Niagara, received their daily fubfiftence. The Jenellces 
 or Scnecas, who had been moll inllrumental in beginning 
 the war, but were now to attend and ratify the preliminaries 
 for a peace figned at Johnfon-Hall, kept aloof. Upon this, Sir 
 
 William 
 
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 (716) 872-4503 
 
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1764. 
 
 V)' 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 William fcnt them repeated mcflagcs, which they anfwcred by 
 repeated promifes of attendance, whilll, indead of preparing 
 to tulfil them, they did nothing but deliberate amongft them- 
 felves, whether ihey fliould renew the war, or confirm the 
 peace. Colonel Bradiheet, therefore, feeing no end of their 
 arts to amufeSir Williani, dclircd a peremptory mcllagc might 
 be fcnt them, purporting, that if they did not repair to Niagara 
 in five (lays, he would fond fomc troops to dcllroy their fetile- 
 mcnts. This brought them to attend the congrefs ; and on 
 their delivering up fomc prifoncrs. Sir William concluded a 
 peace with them, and made them prefcnts. The Wyandots of 
 Sandufky had fued to Major Gladwin at Detroit for a peace ; and 
 Pondiac's band was on the Miamis river waiting the refult of 
 this conference. 
 
 Colonel Bradllrccr, having formed two corps of light in- 
 fantry, under the command of Majors Daly and Lc Hunt, and 
 made fomc other necoflary difpofitions that had been ilill want- 
 ing, was become extremely anxious to proceed on the exe- 
 cution of his orders, which were, to ^ive peace to all fuch lutivts 
 of I/u'i::ns as ivoulJ fuc f%r it, anJ cba/li/i thofe th.it continue J in armx. 
 But Sir William Jt.linfon hcfeechcd liim not to put the army in 
 motion, as he fufi'cctt'd the linccriry of the hidiaiis, although 
 he had conclude 1 .1 I'oace fo recently with them; and even 
 entertained fome doubt , whether tlicy would not make an 
 attempt Xii^ow the foit wheii the troops had left it. Colonel 
 Bradlhcct yielded to thcl'c folicitations, and remained where 
 he was, till Sir William had fmifhed his bufmefs, and dilpoied 
 of his prefcnts to the Indian?, about three hundred of whom 
 accompanied the Colonel. But he ever thought himfelf ob- 
 liged to regard them as fpies, rather than employ them as 
 auxiliaries. 
 
 Sir 
 
 h« 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Sir William Johnfon now returned home, and tlic rcfl of the 
 Indians difpcrfed. The Colonel, therefore, after leaving a fufli- 
 cicnt garrifon at Niagara, and having been joined by a batta- 
 lion of Canadians and part oi the forty-fixth regiment, pro- 
 ceeded with his army, on the 6th of Augull, for roit-SchloilLr, 
 where he halted till the 8th, for the arrival of the Indi.ms who 
 wc -c to accompany him in the expedition. He then proceeded 
 to Fort-Krie, and from thence, on the loili, continued his route 
 along the fouth-Cdeof J ake-1'.rie, agreeable lu the inllriic^ions 
 he had received from General Gage. In the morning of the 
 izth, while detained at I' Ancc-Aux-Fucilks , by contrary winds, 
 he received a deputation from the Shawanefe, the Delawarcs, 
 the IJiirons of Sandu/ky, and the Five Nations of the Scioto 
 plains, fumg for a peace ; and in t!ie evening he gave them an 
 audience in the prefence of the Sachems, and otlicr chiefs of 
 the Indians, who accompanied him. 
 
 fH. 
 
 I 
 
 The dcputier., prcfenting the Colonel with four belts of 
 wampiun, endeavoured to excufe their refpedive nations, and 
 to apologi/c for the murders they had committed, by faying, 
 that thefc enormities were executed without the knovvlege 
 of any of their chief warriors, and merely by fome young men, 
 whom they would take care to chailife. Tliey begged forgive- 
 nefs for all paitolllnces, and requelted that the chain of friend- 
 (hip might be brightened, and that they might be permitted 
 to enter into a peace with their brotliers the Englilli, to con- 
 tinue as long as the fun and moon fliould endure. 
 
 Colonel Bradftreet, in confeciuence of the inflruiftions he had 
 received from General Cage, and tiie great appearance of fm- 
 cerity with which the deputies demanded peace, granted 
 ihem the following preliminaries, which were to be ratified 
 
 a- at 
 
 '1 
 
 miimMm 
 
 ■iM 
 
I 
 
 HISTORY OF THE' ' 
 
 at Sandii/ky, when their prifoners fliould be delivered up to 
 him. 
 
 I. That all the prifoners, now in the hands of the nations who 
 had deputed them, fliould be delivered up to Colonel Brad- 
 llrcet at Sanduiky, in twenty-five days from the 15th of this 
 month. 
 
 V" 
 
 II. That the Shawanefe, &c. fliould renounce all claim to the 
 forts and other pods that the Englifli now have in their 
 country; and that the Englifli fhvill be at liberty to erctH: as 
 many more as they may think neceflary to fecure their 
 trade; and that the nations, reprefented by the prefent depu- 
 tation, fliall cede to the King of Great Britain, for ever, as 
 much land round each fort, as a cannon-fliot will fly over, 
 for the purpofc of raifing proviftons thereon. 
 
 III. That if any Indian fliall hereafter kill an Englifliman, he 
 Ihall be delivered up by his nation, and tried by the Englifli 
 laws, half the jury being Indians; and if any one nation 
 fliall renew the war, the others who are reprefented by this 
 deputation, fliall join the Englifli to bring them to reafon. 
 
 IV. That fix of the deputies fliall remain with Colonel Brad- 
 flreet as hoftages ; and the other four, with an Englifli ofli- 
 tcr, and an Indian fliall immediately proceed to acquaint 
 their nations with thcfe preliminaries of peace, and forwani 
 the collc«5ting of tlie prifoners, that they may be ready by 
 the day appointed. 
 
 Thefc preliminaries were figned by the refpcdlivc parties 
 the i2th of Auguft, 1764. . - . 
 
 8 
 
 The 
 
 f> 4 i ii»ii ■ I 
 
 •'•fKrK.^.MiiMaa 
 
 Aii fc. 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 The clay following, Colonel Bradllrcct, who had been de- 
 tained all this time by bad weather, at I' /Uicc-Aux-FcuilLs, pro- 
 ceeded on his route; and, on the i4ih, reached I'rcniue-lllc, 
 where the fort Hood which the Indians dcllroyed the laU year. 
 I'rom this place, he fent exprefles to General O.i^e .Tnd Colonel 
 IJouqiict, to inform them of his tranfadionr, with the Shawa- 
 nefe, Dclawares, &c. and difpatched the four hidian dcpuiics, 
 on the errand mentioned in the preliminaries, to their rcl'pcc- 
 tive nations ; continuing his route with the other liv, to the 
 wellern point of Prcr<]ue Ulc, where he halted till tlic next 
 (lay, when he renewed his operatiims. Irom thi ; to the ly], 
 the weather was varia!)le, but notl.in;; worth notice h.ippiMicd 
 in the meai\ time. On that day, the Colonel arrived at I'jinL 
 le Pctit-hle, where he received intelligence, that a number of 
 Indians were collected on the Miamis river, and determined 
 to oppofe his progrefs to Detroit. I !c therefore immc(riately 
 prepared to attack them. But whilll on the Lake-Iv.ie for tliat 
 purpofe, he was met by a deputation from them to fue for 
 peace, and defirc a conference at Detroit; for which pi ice, 
 iliey informed him, a num!)er oi their countrx-incn were al- 
 ready fet out for that ptu-pofe. The (a^IoikI thoii;;!u ;iropji- 
 to comply with their rcfiucft; ami fuuling the Indian cnc:imp> 
 meiu t>n the Miamis adually broke-i up, h'- returned to I'oinc 
 le l'etit-h!c. 
 
 Colonel liradilrcet, tliinking this a good opporiun'iy to take 
 polli-ilion of the country of the Illinois, whicli luul been 
 ceded to bib Britannic Majcfty by the peace of 176::. order- 
 ed Captain Morris, of the feventecnth regimeiu, with pro- 
 per iullruetions, upon that fervice, witli an Indian of eaeli 
 of the diileieut natit/'S that aceoinpanicd him, ai.d one 
 Codfrui, a Irenchman, as an interpreter; and he alfo lent 
 
 U u u prefeuts 
 
 ii3 
 
 \i 
 
 'k 
 
 }i 
 
II. 
 
 m 
 
 ; I. 
 
 HiSTORY OF THE 
 
 prcfcnts for the diflcrent nations tlirough which they were to 
 pafs. riic Colonel then continued his route tor Detroit, 
 where he arrived about tlic 26th day of Augull. Major Glad- 
 win, as loon as he hoard of ti.v Colonel's approach, fent Cap- 
 tain Grant of the eightieth regiment, to condutfl hiin on fliorc, 
 and paid him all the military honours due to his rank i whilil 
 the Huron Indians, from their village on the oppotite banks of 
 the river, falutcd him with their fulils, and welcomed him 
 into their country with fuch cxprcflions of joy and refpeA, 
 as are ufual amungll the favages of this part of America ; and 
 all thefe compliments were returned by the cannon in the 
 boats. 
 
 Immediately on the Colonel's landing, orders were given for 
 the troops to debark, and they were encamped nonhward of 
 tlie fort. The garrifon having fullaincd a long and fevere 
 blockade, during which they had experienced the want of 
 every neceflary of life, recjuircd more than ordinary refrefli- 
 mcnts. It may, therefore, be eafily conceived, how the tran- 
 lition to cafe and plenty, efleifled by the Colonel's arrival, ope- 
 raicil on their fpirits. They had now before their eyes a 
 flattering profpcift of peace ; and poflefled the means of asfling 
 oJlenfively, lliould the h^dians prove obdinate in continuing 
 the war, and of ofl'ering up fome of thefe faithlefs wretches 
 to the niancs of their comrades, who had fallen a facrilice to 
 their pcrfldioufnels and cruelty. To confide in thefe favages, 
 IS the fame thing as to be betrayed by them. Of this a ftrik- 
 ing inflancc happened during the blockade: The Indians hav- 
 ing, on fome occalion or another, delired a conference, Captain 
 Campbell, of the Royal Americans, who had received from 
 them very particular marks of their efteem, voluntarily offered 
 his fervke to the Commandant for that purpofe ; and his offer 
 
 being 
 
 k'«9»- 
 
 - * 
 
 'Slrilft.J) 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 being accepted, he repaired to their camp, in company with Lieu- 
 tenant Macdougal, of the fame regiment ; but in a fhort time 
 they were both made prifoners. Macdougal ftolc away, and, 
 being young and a<5tive, had the good fortune to get back into 
 the fort i but Campbell, being fat and unwieldy, and truiling 
 befides too much to his influence over fome of his old friends, 
 took no pains to efcape. The confcquence was, that he was 
 tomahawked and eaten. 
 
 Colonel Bradftrect, having fcen the camp and the t.;5arrifon 
 fccured by proper guards, his next care was to enquire into the 
 condutft of the inhabitants, both of the place itlclf and its 
 environs, during the blockade. To fuch as had fhcwn a proper 
 zeal to aflUft the garrifon, he gave all the encouragement in 
 his power ; punilhing, at the fame time, as far as in him lay, 
 thofc who had expreiled any inclination to the common foe, 
 or ihewed themfelves lukewarm in the caufe of their friends, 
 which was indeed their own. The inhabitants without the 
 fort, being in the claws, as it were, of a mod cruel enemy, 
 were obliged to comply with all their demands to the utmoft 
 of their abilities ; and thefe demands (a thing, till this period, 
 as we have already obferved, unknown aniongft the Indians) 
 were always made by written order, drawn up in the name of 
 the King of France, by the Frenchman who aiflcd as fecrctary 
 to Pondiac ; and moreover, regularly authenticarcd by the 
 addition of Pondiac's own fignaturc. 
 
 The inhabitants were next formed into three companies of 
 militia ; and in naming the oflicers, due regard was had to 
 their pad fervices. The garrifon was then relieved by fcvcn 
 companies of the feventeenth regiment, comminded by Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Campbell. The two other companies, with two 
 
 U u u 2 companies 
 
 I'l 
 
 < \ 
 
 m iMM 
 
 WM 
 
} 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 companies of tlic new militia, and a dorachmcnt of artillery, 
 were ordered to retake pollellion of Mi(hiliin;ickin;uk, under 
 the command of Captain llowaril. of the fame regimcnr. 
 Moreover, for the better Iccurity (^f that plaec, and the import- 
 ant purpofc of more enix'tually fnpplyini;; it with every kind 
 (;f llorcs, Ojloncl Hradlhect ordercil a vellel to attempt the paf- 
 irtge into L;\kc-IIiiron ; and this pallago \va> happily elltx^ed 
 hy tho ikill, indullry, and perfeveranec of Lieutenant St. Clair, 
 of the fifteenth rc.Q;iment of foot, who commanded on board 
 tlvj vellel, tlic llrll that ever entered that lake, witli which it 
 WIS of i\) mueh confequencc to have a communication of this 
 kind. 
 
 Indians of various nations now began to make their appear- 
 ance, and demand audiences of Colonel Bradllrcet. He tliere- 
 torc appoiiued the 7ih of September to meet them in a general 
 congrefs ; but, in the mean time, fome preliniinaries were 
 agreed upon, as a foundation for a general peace. At length, 
 the day appointed for the eongiefs being arrived, t!ie hidians, 
 in great numbers, particularly the Ottawas and Chippewas, 
 allL'mblcd at the Colonel's tent ; and feating themfelves on the 
 ground, agreeable to their uliial culloni, opened the congrefs, 
 of whicii the following are the minutes. 
 
 Minutes r/a OjHgrefs held with the Chiefs of the Ottaiva end Chippc^ua> 
 Kdtionsy rxuth fever al others here<ftcr mentioned, 
 
 Waffung, Ciiief of the Chippewas. 
 
 •' What I am going to fay is in the name of myfclf, Attawarty, 
 and all the young warriors of the Octawas and Chippewas: we 
 do not mean to give offence, and this llring of wampum is to 
 open your ears, and we expect to beheard patiently. We are 
 
 extremely 
 
LATF. WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 extremely gl.id to find onrfclvc. fo well received, and hope you 
 will give us j)C u;c. In I'.e name of the two nations of Oiiawas 
 and C!iippcw.i9, wj thanlc you I )r havm ;; o.upailion on our- 
 lelves, our wives, and tamilies." Tiity give u lUing of wani- 
 piun lepeating their thanks. 
 
 V \Val]ong fpeaks again on a green belt. 
 
 •' Brother, I hcg you would hearken to W.idong Attawatty, 
 Shanintindawa, Outawauy, Apockefs and.\bcito: I.all }c.u-, 
 Ciod for look ur,. (iod has now opened our eyes, and we deilrc 
 to he heard. 'lis God's will our hearts are altered. 'Twa> 
 Cod's will you had fueh fr.ic weather to eome to us. 'Tia 
 Cod's will alio, there Ihould be peaec and traniiuillity all over 
 the face of the earth and of the waters. Every thing that was 
 done lull year bad, was done by the old warriors, without 
 Caufe : We have, therefore, turned them on one llde. The 
 young warriors arc determined to fettle every thing themfelves, 
 and prevent, for the fuitnc, any millhief that might he in- 
 tended. 'I he young warriors, as well as the old Saehcms, thanic 
 you, and are glad to fee the good dilpotition you are in. Now 
 that the young people have the dire^^lion of adairs, they hc^pc 
 every thing may be fettled peaceably; and that they nui)' 
 be permiiteil to Ihakc hands whh )uu and your olhteis, as 
 brothers. * 
 
 " This day the young chiefs break al' their old chiefs ; they 
 fliall iicvcr be allowed to a<.t ; but . lion will be paid to 
 what they fay. 
 
 '* You Invc forgiven us ; but our offences arc fo great, we 
 muH again alk it, in the name of our wives and children. V/c 
 alfo pray, that all your troops will have compaflion on them- 
 
 7 and 
 
 i 
 
 ){ 
 
 
 WMMMI 
 
 i 
 
;i.r 
 
 5.8 
 
 1764. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and us ; anil hope ihcy will remove any ill opinion tlicy may 
 liavc of thcn\ and us j and \vc thank the Great King for allow- 
 in-^ vou to forgive us, and grant us peace. We fay this, not 
 in our name only, but in the name of all the inhabitants round 
 this country." They Ihake hands. 
 
 Wailbng fpcaks again on a firing of purple and white wam- 
 pum, painted green and blue. 
 
 " Brother, attend. In the name of the Miamis I fpcak. 
 
 Tli( y thank C;o{l for opening their eyes. They will ufe their 
 mnmll endeavours to rcftore tranquillity. ' Tis Cod's will there 
 ihall be peace all over the earth ; and you fhall hear nothing 
 ill of them. They thank you, and are extremely glad to hear 
 by the people you fent, that you will grant them peace. On 
 their return, the village will be overjoyed, as they arc at the 
 peace with the Shawancfc, &c. 
 
 " They once more thank God for opening their eyes. As 
 foon as they get home, every thing will be eftabliflied on the 
 ancient footing of peace and fricn<lfhip. Their fcntiments are 
 the fame with thofe of the Ottawas and Chippcwas ; and they 
 hope, that your army will lay afidc all rcfentmcnt againd 
 them ; and that they may be allowed to fhakc hands as bro- 
 thers. Again they afk for peace in the names of their wives 
 and children."— —They give the firing. 
 
 Shammindawa fpcaks. 
 
 " When Captain Morris arrived at the Miamis, Pondiac 
 fpoke to him on a belt of wampum, faying, he was heartily 
 afhamed of what had happened ; and if he could be forgiven, 
 he would be very thankful, and do all the fcrvicc in his power 
 
 to 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 CO the Fnglifh : and that it gave him great plcafurc to find, he, 
 Captain MorriSf was going on a hufinefs that would give peace 
 and qutctiK-fs to tlic inhabitants of the cartl) ; that he would 
 pray for hit, fuccefs, and remain quiet himfeif; and that, when 
 Captain Morris returns, fljouM he I'ucceed, he will thank (iod 
 for itj and hopes to be forgiven." 
 
 Colonel Brad 11 reel's Anfwer. 
 
 " The ingenuous confellion of your folly lafl year, wiihout 
 any provocation from the Ilnglifli, aflords me plcal'urc, as it 
 gives me rcafon to believe your fubmidions fuicerc, and tliat 
 your requefls for mercy and forgivcnefs, come from your 
 hearts. I Ihall take companion on your diftrefs, and grant you 
 peace on the following terms." 
 
 I. Yourfelves, and the nations you reprefent, mud acknowlcge, 
 that you are the fubje(5ls and children of his Majefty George III. 
 of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the 
 Faith ; and that he has the folc right of fovereignty over all 
 and every part of this coimtry, in as full and ample a manner 
 as in any part of his other dominions whatever. 
 
 II. If any nation, or tribe of Indians herein comprehended, 
 dare violate this peace, the others (hall look on themfelves 
 as bound to make war upon the ofi'enders, feparately or 
 jointly, witli the Englifli and their allies, at all times when 
 they Ihall be commanded by his Majelly, his General, or 
 Oflicer, appointed for that purpofe, and reduce to rcafon the 
 oircndcTs, or extirpate ihcm ; and that you will, whenever 
 commanded, take up arms and join his Majcfty's troops, or 
 Other his fubjecTis- againft any of ins enemies whatever, and 
 ufe your utraoll endeavours to execute the orders that may 
 
 3 be 
 
 519 
 
 1764. 
 
 'Ii 
 
« 
 
 5^^ 
 
 II 1 S Ton Y or THE 
 
 he i;ivcn voii tor th.ii pui [hmV ; ami yoti may he afTiircd of 
 the protection ot the Kin^ your l-athcr, anil what ulllllantc 
 you may (land in need of, at all time;;. 
 
 111. That vou n;av Ihcw tariher proofs of your dutv and ohc- 
 diencc to tlic Kinj; your lather, Ihould it happen that any 
 Indi.nii bcion^in^.; to the herein mentioned natii)ns plunder 
 or kill any of liis Majelly's fuhjct'ts, in thi •, or any other of 
 his colonies, now fettleil, or that hereafter may he fettled, 
 you are voluntardy, and immediately, to deliver the ollender 
 up to the odieer eonmiandin;; this garrifon, to he tried and 
 punilhed, agreeable to the laws and eulloms of this colony 
 at that time in force. 
 
 , I 
 
 IV. You mud deliver up all prifoncrs and defertcrs that you 
 have, as foon as poiriblo. Should any white people defert 
 to you, you are to fend them inunediately, prifoners to the 
 poil or fettlenit in, nearell to yo\i. lUit, when any families 
 come to fettle, by pcrmiriu)n of the King, you arc to elleem 
 them fricndr, and brothers. 
 
 \'. The Frcndi coiv.maiidln;:^ o.'hecrs have, at time-, r^rajitcil 
 lands in fome of vour vlllacres : To trivc vou a tellimonv of 
 my intentions to ilo you the ^^^rcatell juflice, I will o!)li;^o all 
 perfons fettled en fuch land ■, to remove immediately. 
 
 VI. At the rc(|ueil of Captain Morris, whom I have fent round 
 to all the fouthern nations, refpe.Hinjj; the general peace ; an<l 
 alfo, on accoinu of I'ondiac's fubmillion, and proinife of 
 future good behaviour and Iriendlliip to the I'n;.^!ilh, I do 
 hereby pardon him, and lie may meet me with the utmoll 
 iiifety at Saadulky. 
 
 The 
 
 I 
 
 4 . 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. ' 
 
 The above conditions being reduced into writing, were rati- 
 fied by the parties in the tollowing toini; 
 
 ** IJy the power and authority to mc given and granted by 
 his Excellency the Honourable Major General Thomas liage, 
 Commander-in-Chief of all his Majcfty's forces in North-Ame- 
 rica, the above are the terms on which I grant peace to the 
 nations heretofore mentioned, that is to lay, the Ottawas and 
 C'.hippewas, and others hereunto lubfcribing. 
 
 Given imdcr my iiand and leal, at Detroit, 
 the 7th day of September, 1704. 
 
 (Signed) John Brads iRiirr." 
 
 •' Rv the power to us given by the nations wc reprcfeiu, wc 
 do, in tlicir names, together witli ourfclves, mod gratefully 
 accept the terms above granted; and we do moll folemnly bin<l 
 ourfclves and them to the true performance of each article in 
 every refpeifl. 
 
 " In witnefs thereof, we have hereunto affixed the arms of 
 the nations we reprefent, at Oetroit, this 7th day of September, 
 17^4, and in the fourth year of the reign of our now Sovereign 
 Lord King George, f<c." 
 
 (The fignatures an ) A Stoil:, an fcl, and a i^tng. 
 
 " We hereunto fubfcribing, and fever 1 principal men of 
 our nation of Ilurons, being prcfent at the above fiibmilllon, 
 made by the Ottawas and ('hippewas, and at the peace granted 
 to them ; and being unanimoutly of opinion, that notliing e;ui 
 tend fo mueli to the real fafety and liappineU ot all the In- 
 ilians on this continent, as following their example, in begging 
 
 X X X the- 
 
 521 
 
 IK i 
 
 :i 
 
 } 
 
 
 \ 
 
 s 1 
 
 '\ 
 
 tT'tm im^'~SBBmKmi^T-^*^ 
 
v 
 
 SZ2 • HISTORY OF THE 
 
 >7f'-i' ilic piotcclion, and making themfclvcs the fubjcAs of hU Ma- 
 jclly King George 111. and at all times obeying his will and 
 conim.indi, and llriclly keeping up to every article ot" the 
 peace concluded with the Ottawas and Chippewas, moll 
 lumihly recjuell for ourrelves, and the nation wc rcprerent, to 
 be received, conlidercd, and comprehended in evci*y article of 
 the I'ubmillion made by the Cliippewas and Ottawas, and the 
 peace granted to them, as hilly and as amply as the laid Otta- 
 was and Chippewas ; promiling moU faithfully, never to vio- 
 late, or depart from any article therein contained. 
 
 " hi witncfs thereof, wc have hereunto fet the arms '^f the 
 nation of llmons, this 7th day of September, J764, and 
 in the fourtli year, 5s.c." 
 
 (Tlie Signature) A Deer with a Crofs. 
 
 " I the fubfcribcr, being a Chief of the Miamis, -^r.l being 
 fent to be prefent at what fliould pafs between tlie Ir'.nglifli, the 
 Ottawas and the Chippewas; and alfo, being dirci^led by the na- 
 tion I reprefent, if a peace fliould be concluded, to impiore tliat 
 the Miamis might be comprehended therein, in very refpec% as 
 fully as the faid Ottawas and Chippewas ; whi h being grant- 
 ed to me, I do, in the name of the nation I i orefent, bind 
 mylllf and them, in the mod folemn manner, tc the true pcr- 
 formam e of each article, in every refpc(^t, as th Ottawas and 
 Cliippewas have done. 
 
 " In witncfs thereof, I do aflix the arms of i '" nation I re- 
 prefent, this 7th day of September, 17G4, and in the 
 reign, ike. ike." 
 
 (The Signature) A Turtle. 
 ft " Wc 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 " We the fubfcribcrs, Chiefs of the Potiawattomic and Sakie 
 nations, having come too late to be prefent at the fubmiirion, 
 made by the Ottawas and Chippewas, and the peace granted 
 tliem, which having been fully explained to us, and we ap- 
 proving every part thereof, having the fame ju(l fenfc of tliis 
 good work as the Hurons ; and whereas peace is granted 
 to us on the fame conditions, we do moil gratefully accept 
 it, and hereby bind ourfclvcs, and the whole of each nation 
 we reprefent, to the true performance of each article in every 
 refpec^, by hereunto affixing the arms of our refpei?live nations, 
 at Detroit, this 7th day of September, 1764, and in the fourth 
 •year, »kc. &.c." 
 
 (The Signature) A Tox, an Eel, and a I'car. 
 
 El 
 
 (« 
 
 This day, being the gth of September, 1764, Wapacoma- 
 gat, with ninety yoimg warriors, came to Detroit, and dclired to 
 have admittance to Colonel Ihadllrccr, -.vhich was granted ; 
 and after the ufual compliments, lie, Wapacomagat, dcrncd 
 Colonel Braddrcct would explain to hini and his people, the 
 fubllance of what had paHcd between hini and the fcveral 
 nations of hidians, with whom he had made peace, which be- 
 ing alfo complied with, Wapacomagat got up, and declared. 
 That it gave him infinite pleafure to find, that the Indians had 
 put themfelves into the arms of the great King of Kngland, 
 and that they were now his fubjec^s and children ; and begged 
 that he, and all the nations of tlie Meflaflaguas, might be 
 received and comprehended in that fiibmilllon and peace, 
 in as full and ample manner as thofe who had fubfcribed to 
 it ; whif h being granted, Wapacomagat, in the prefence of 
 one hundred warriors, fet the arms of their nation to thefe pre- 
 fcnts, the icth iiilhint, declaring he di.l it at the unanimous 
 •tlefire and rccjueft of all his people prefent ; and that he, they, 
 
 X X X 2 and 
 
 u 
 
 t'i 
 
\i 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and the reft of the nation, were folcmnly bound to fulfil, obcv, 
 and obferve every part of the fubmiilion and .uiiclcs of peace, 
 made at Detroit, by the nations thereunto fubfcribing, bearing 
 date the 7th September, 176.1..'' 
 
 (The Signature) An Eagle with a medal round its neck. 
 
 The bufinefs with the hidians being thus happily finiflicd, 
 and peace thereby reilore^l to the Knglilli lettlemenis, Colonel 
 liradiheet began to prepare for hi:i return to Sandufky, to 
 meet tl^e Shawanefe and the Delawars, and put the fniilhing 
 IkukI 10 the treaty which he had entered upon with the depu- 
 ties of thcfe nations on the Lake-Krie, and fixed the 24th of 
 September for his departure : But he firft gave fucb. orders for 
 the feeurity and tranquillity of the inhabitants, and the ad- 
 vancement of agriculture and trade, as could not fail, in time, 
 to render this infant colony both happy in itfelf, and ufeful ta 
 tl^e mother-country. To be conviuced of this, we need only- 
 take a tranllent view of this delightful fpot, a defcription of 
 which, we hope, may be agreeable, as, on account of its re- 
 motcnefs, the ideas mod people entertain of this country, are 
 very much circumfcribcd. The country called Detroit, is that 
 wadicd by the ftrait which forms the communication between 
 the Lakes St. Clair and Erie. The improvements on the caflern 
 banks of this ilrait, extend north and fouth, about nine miles; 
 and thofc on the wellern banks, about feven. In purity and 
 wholefomenefs of air, and richnefs of foil, it may be laid to 
 c<iual, if not excel any, even the bell parts of America. 
 Every European grain llourifnes here in the utmoll perfection ; 
 and hemp and llax, in particular, might be raifcd to the great- 
 cl\ advantage. The woods are every where fdled with vines 
 of fponianeous growth ; and their grape yield's a juice equal 
 
 (> in 
 
 *■ 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 in flavour to the moft excellent burgundv. The country 
 around it appears lijvc one great park flocked with hufTalocs, 
 deer, phcafunts, wild turkics, and partridges. Domeftic 
 animals and fowls arc here in the uimoft perfection. Aqua- 
 tic birds of every fpecies are in the greatcil plenty, and of 
 the highell flavour ; and the rivers afford an allonifliing 
 variety of the mofl delicious fifh. The foil and climate arc 
 fo favourable to vegetation, that every vegetable is to be 
 procured with the fmallcll trouble. In fliort, a man that 
 can Ihoot and fifh, and underflands the art of making wine, 
 may enjoy every luxury of the moll: fumptuous table, at 
 the fole cxpence of his own labour. The inhabitants of De- 
 troit arc not numerous ; and, notvvithftanding the allure- 
 ments which plenty holds forth to people to fettle here, the 
 ■want of a fuflicicnt force to fcrure them againfl the caprice of 
 the neighbouring Indians, and of authority to fccure good 
 order amongft themfelvcs, has hitherto deterred fuch as have 
 any fettlcmcnts elfewhere, from endeavouring to partake of 
 the abundant produce of nature, at the cxpence of the pro- 
 perty they already enjoy, and perhaps their lives. But fhould 
 Detroit be ever formed into a regular government, we will ven- 
 ture to prophecy, tliat it will greatly extend itfclf ; and from 
 the plenty, variety, and richnefs of its produce, prove a bene- 
 ficial fcttlcment to the mother-country. 
 
 5^5 
 
 1764, 
 
 J* L 
 iV'l 
 
 : 
 
 Here ii may not be amifs to give the numbers of the favagcs. 
 who inhabit the country within five or fix days march of De- 
 troit, as taken from thcr own accounts. 
 
 f: 
 
 Of 
 
 
 MM 
 
 
 -4 
 
 4 
 
it 
 
 II 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 1764. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 Of Detroit. 
 
 
 Ottawas, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 220 
 
 
 Chippcwas, 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 300 
 
 
 Sakics, 
 
 * 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 50 
 
 
 Hurons, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ■• 
 
 80 
 
 Of 
 
 Sagunam, including 
 
 thofc of St 
 
 , Jofeph. 
 
 
 
 Chippcwas, 
 
 
 m m 
 
 
 150 
 
 
 Potawatomics, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 4J0 
 
 
 
 Of 
 
 Sanduiky. 
 
 
 
 
 Hurons, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 200 
 
 
 Miamis, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 250 
 
 
 Wcaugh, 
 
 * 
 
 m 
 
 Total, 
 
 230 
 1930 
 
 We fliall now rcfumc tlic detail of military operations, and 
 condu(5l our readers to another fpot, vvhc Nature has not 
 been lefs bountiful ; biu at prefcnt it is dcftitute of inhabitants. 
 
 On the 14th of September, Colonel Bradftrect left Detroit, 
 garrilbned with fevcn companies of the feventecnth regiment, 
 and a detachment of artillerv, commanded bv Lieutenant Co- 
 loncl Campbell ; and on the iHth arrived at Sanduflcy Lake. lie 
 then detached a p:uty to deflroy the fcttlcmcnt of Mohican- 
 Johns; but it was abandoned before they could reach ir. The 
 day following, an hulian arrived from mc Delawares, one 
 from the Sbawancfc, and one from the Five Nations on the 
 Scioto plains, accompanied by a Tufcarora Indian, who had 
 accompanied thefe deputies to Fort-Pitt, with a firing and 
 belt of wampum, to inform the commanding ofhcer, that they 
 were ufing the utmod diligence in colleifling their prifoncni ; 
 and that they fliould be delivered up at Sanduilvv, as foon as 
 
 podlble ; 
 
 
' vi 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. . 
 
 poflible ; but that as many of them were hunting, and others 
 at a great tlilhincc, tlic chiefs rcciucllcd an additional feven 
 days from that time. This being thought no unreafonable 
 demand, it was accorchngh- granteil. Colonel Rradflrcct then 
 proceeded up Sandulky river, to tlie village of the Hurons 
 and VVyandots, which had been dcflroycd by Captain Dalycll 
 the preceding year. Here he received letters from General 
 Gage, condenuiing his condiK^, with regard to the late pre- 
 liminaries of peace with the Shawanefe and the Delawares ; 
 and infilling, that he had not given him any power to con- 
 clude peace, as thefe preliminaries implied ; but had ordered 
 him to refer the Indians to Sir William Johnfon, on any bufi- 
 nefs of that kind, and to adt in concert with Colonel Bouquet. 
 The 2d of September was the date of the letter now in que- 
 ftion ; and that part of General Gage's indrucflions, which re- 
 late to this bufincfs, has, in the third article, the following 
 words : 
 
 '♦ And the objccn:!? I recommend for your ofTenfive operations 
 arc, to attack the Wyandots of Sandulky, who live fomc miles 
 beyond the fmall village dellroyed the lad year by Captain 
 Dalycll. Major Gladwin fays, they are much animated againll 
 us ; that they have a good fupply of ammunition ; and plant 
 abundance of corn, with which they fupply the other nations; 
 and this you will, no dotibt, dellroy, and break up that neft of 
 thieves. 1 mull re([uire likewifc, that you make an attack on 
 thcOclawares and the Shawanefe, who arc retired on the Mulk- 
 ingham and Scioto rivers. The way to the fnfl: is up the Ca^ a- 
 hagaCreek, which runs into Lake-Frie, betwixt rrefque-Illc 
 and Sandulky. You may gain the Sciato from Sandulky-rivcr, 
 there being but a Imall carrying-place betwixt thefe tworivjr;'. 
 You will chufe cither of thefe routes you Uiall find mon: j re- 
 ferable 
 
 1764. 
 
 ■ii' 
 
 J 
 
 1 1 
 
 l ai ' La a wwi ii 
 
 ■MhM 
 
 J 
 
J28 
 
 HISTORY OT THE 
 
 icrable for your attacks, from the intelligence you lliall gain 
 on the fpot." 
 
 i« 
 
 7^ 
 
 And in the eighth article : 
 
 " You will give the Indians, in general, to underftand, that 
 vou go with a body of troops to cliallitc fuch nations as fliali 
 continue in arms againllus; to ollcr peace and his Majcfty's 
 protcdion to thofc who (hall conclude a lading peace, and live 
 in amity and friendfnip witii us." 
 
 And in the lafl article : 
 
 " You will be on the fpot, and I mufl trufl ior the execution 
 of every thing to your difcrction and judgment." 
 
 It will be impoilible, we believe, for any one who will 
 attend to the above intlrudions, to ciuertain the lead doubt 
 of Coioml Ihadllreet's having been invclled with authority 
 to attack the Indians, and grant peace to fuch of them as afk- 
 cd it, (ifiJ ivifl.id to live in amity and J'lien.ljbip iiitbus. 
 
 Ihu thefe inflrudions are greatly corroborated by a letter 
 from General Cage, dated the i6th of Angull, in which he 
 fays, in anfwcr to one from Cloloncl biacillrcct, acquainting 
 liim with the biifinc fs at Niagara, and that !ie was going <\\- 
 rtdlv to Detroit; 
 
 " As you aic gone dircAly to Detroit, I muR conclude it is 
 with a refolution to bring matters to a final decifion, by either 
 nr.king a formal and r giilar peace with tlie Wyandots and Ottawns 
 of Sandulky, Potawatamics, andChippewas of Saguanam; or to 
 
 attack 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 attack theftiy though the opportunity of diflrefllng them elTcAu- 
 ally, by dcftroying their corn, is lofl. You'll pleafe, without 
 delay, either to bring thefe nations to fuch a peace^ as Jljall^ to appear- 
 ancct befncereaytd lajlingy or^ in failure of thatt to attack them^ and 
 do your hefi to extirpate them" 
 
 Thefe orders arc certainly very clear, and if Colonel Brad- 
 ftreet was authorifed to grant peace to the Wyandots of San* 
 dufky, &c. which the General himfelf allows he had, by fup- 
 pofing he was gone upon that errand, and yet not blaming 
 him for it ; he was equally authorifed to grant it to the Sha- 
 wanefc and the Dclawares ; as the order refpedling them, in 
 the General's inftrudlions to the Colonel, with that likewifc 
 refpefting the Wyandots, &c. was the fame. But as a far- 
 ther proof, that General Gage had inverted Colonel Bradftrcct 
 with the power of making peace, it need only be obferved, 
 that the inftru(5tions given by Sir William Johnfon to that part 
 of the Six Nations, and to the Indian Captains under him 
 who joined the army, and were to a»51t under the command 
 of Colonel Bradftreet, were, to make -war onfuch nations of Indians 
 as did notfuefor peace i atui that peace "was to be granted to all thofe 
 nations who did ajk it^ without any exception. 
 
 From thefe abflra(5ts it appears very evident, that General 
 Gage invefted Colonel Bradilreet with powers, either to make 
 war or to conclude a peace, according to the condudt of 
 the favages. And as to his confulting Sir William Johnfon, 
 and fending the Indians to him to conclude a peace, Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnfon's name was never mentioned, either in Colo- 
 nel Bradftrcet's inflrudtions or letters, but once ; which was, 
 to dcHrc that Colonel Braddreet would corrcfpond with Sir 
 
 Y y y William. 
 
 J 
 
 f 
 
 atafmimmimmmm 
 
 If 
 

 \i 
 
 530 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 William. Nor was there any order, inftrudion, or letter, 
 Nvliich lb nuuh as hinted any intention that the army 
 under the command ot Cloloncl Bradrtrcet was to aifl in con- 
 cert with tliat commanded by Colonel HoiKiiict ; nor indeed 
 was it poirble it could at the dillance of three hundred miles 
 from each other. 
 
 \Vc muft then conclude, that when it appeared Colonel Brad- 
 flrcet had laid a foundation for fettling the whole bufuiefs with 
 tlic Indinns, witliout any alliilance from Colonel Bouijuet's 
 army, fuch proceedings greatly alarmed the ambition of the 
 latter: I'or, if the preliminaries which the former had iigned, 
 as a foundation for a peace with the Shawancfc and the Dcla- 
 wares had been ratified, and the prifoners delivered up agree- 
 able thereto, there would have been an end to the fervice ex- 
 pected from the army of Colonel Bouquet, whofe orders were 
 to attack thefe two nations, and to compel them to deliver up 
 their prifoners to him. Colonel nou(piet, therefore, afTccled to 
 doubt the finccrity of the nations reprefentcd by the deputies, 
 who had figned the preliminaries with Colonel Bradftrect; and 
 without halting to fee, if their intentions were real or not, 
 he profecuted his operations according to his original plan. 
 
 The fame motive urged him to exert his influence over Ge- 
 neral Gage ; and he fuccceded fo well as to induce him to 
 deny even his own orders to Colonel Bradftrect. 
 
 Upon the whole, it appears, that Colonel Bouquet's ambition 
 was too powerful for General Gage's eafmefs of temper, which 
 yielded to the defire of giving an eclat to the Colonel's ma- 
 nauvrcs, at the expcncc of Colonel Bradllrcet, and even of the 
 fervice of his country. 
 
 7 But 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 But to return to Colonel Bradftrect, whom wc Icfc on liis 
 progrcfs up the Sandufky-river, to the village of the Huions 
 and Wyandots ; this was the route prcfciibcd him in Ge- 
 neral Gage's inftru<5lions for gaining the Scioto, on a fiippoli- 
 tion, that there was a Irnall carrying-place only between that 
 and the Sandufky-river : But on making the trial, there wai 
 not water enough even for a canoe, above the rapids of San- 
 dulky-rivcr, although in the winter there may be fixtecn or 
 fcvcnteen feet, as appeared by the bark of the trees growing 
 near it. Difappointed in this attempt, the Colonel then confi- 
 dercd whether it was pratflicablc for the men to carry a fiifll- 
 cie cy of provifions to fubfifl: upon, fuppofing they were to 
 march ; but from repeated trials, and the information of 
 fomc of the moll experienced hunters, both Canadian »ind 
 others, it was reprefentcd as an impollibility, therefore not 
 attempted. 
 
 To reach the Mufkingham river by the Cayahaga-Creek, 
 which falls into Lake-Erie, between Sandulky and Prcf(iuc-I(le, 
 was the alternative, wiiich Colonel Hradlbcct was ordered to 
 ufc, in order to get up with and attack the Shawancfe and 
 Dclawares collecT:cd on the Mufkingham and Scioto rivers. 
 But unluckily, the Cayahaga-Creck was now dry ; and bcfides, 
 the carrying-place from the creek to the Mulkingham-river, 
 wliich hail been reprefentcd a very final I way, proved to be 
 upwards of thirty miles. When a General is ignorant of the 
 topography of a country in whicli troops under him arc to aifV, 
 it is impoHibic his orders fliould avoid ccnfurc ; for attempts 
 to execute them may be attended wi;h the mod fatal confe- 
 (piences to a whole army, which, in t!;is cafe, inay be com- 
 pared to a fliip failing by falfe charts and faithlcfs foundings, 
 
 Y y y :: which. 
 
 ^3' 
 
 i;r.v. 
 
 I 
 
 „ .-. -J 
 
 

 1764. 
 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 which, ill iking on a flioal, does not difcover the illufion till 
 it is too late to guard againd it. 
 
 The Colonel, thus fruftrated in two attempts to attack a peo- 
 ple, with whom he had ib recently iigncd the preliminaries of 
 general peace, encamped at the carrying-place at Sanduiky, as 
 the ficuation of that place would enable him to be a check on 
 any o( the weAern nations, which might Ihcw any difpofition 
 to aflld the Shawanefe and Dclawares againd Colonel Bouquet's 
 army. But thel'e Indians dii'<covcred no intentions to give any 
 farther trouble; their fulc aim, to all appearance at lead, being 
 to conclude, at any rate, a lading peace. The didrefs in which 
 they were involved by fo long a war, induced them to wifli 
 for a date of tranquillity ; and they were a(5hially making the 
 ncccfl'ary preparations to i*cpair to Sandufky with their pri- 
 foners : But Colonel Bouquet's preding in upon them, robbed 
 Colonel Braddreet and his army of the honour of concluding a 
 work which they had commenced on Lake-Erie, and which 
 would have been cfi'c<^ed without Colonel Bouquet's adidance ; 
 for the Indians of the Six Nations had already fcnt the Shawa- 
 nefe and Dclawares a meflagc, importing, that they would 
 immediately take up the hatchet againd them, if they did not, 
 in the driifled manner, fulfil every article of the preliminaries 
 they had figncd with Colonel Braddreet ; and this taking up of 
 the liatchct by the Six Nations, was a thing the Shawanefe and 
 Dclawares dreaded much more than the prcfence of the mod 
 formidable European army that could be fcnt againd them ; for, 
 when one Indian nation takes up the hatchet againd another, 
 it is never laid down till one or the other is entirely extermi- 
 nated. As a proof of the fmcerity of the Shawanefe and Dcla- 
 wares, three of the hoftagcs firft kept by Colonel Braddreet, 
 
 8 dill 
 
 BBssr 
 
mm 
 
 LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ftill continued with him. and even confcntcd to a freOi demand 
 of General Gage's, that ten of the chiefs of thefe nations Ihould 
 be put to death ; and that the nations (hould wait, in a proper 
 manner, on Sir William Johnfon, to fue for a peace. More- 
 over, the Six Nations again declared their refolution to take 
 up the hatchet againft them, if they attempted to deceive 
 Colonel liradftrcct. 
 
 Letters had been received from Captain Morris, giving an 
 account of the progrefs he had made in his journey, and the 
 reception he had met with from the Indians. It was with great 
 ditliculty he reached the fort on the Miamis-rivcr, where lie 
 met a number of fuvagcs, from whom he narrowly efcapcd 
 with his life, as the account of the peace had not yet reached 
 them. 
 
 The Indians who accompanied Captain Morris returned ; 
 but though they were conAdered as thofc who could be mort 
 relied upon for their fidelity to us ; yet tlicy brought with 
 them a white flag, which they had received from one St. Vin- 
 cent, a Frenchman, at the Miamis fort, as an inducement to 
 perfcverc in their attachment to the French nation } and they 
 were, bcfides, taught to believe, that the French would foon 
 arrive by the Milliflippi, and drive the Englifh entirely out of 
 the country. It was by accident this flag was difcovcred ; and 
 then it was publicly burnt. At the fame time, the Sachems 
 gave Colonel HracUlrcct the ftrongcll aflluranccs of their fidelity, 
 and of their being fully bent upon exerting the utmoft of their 
 power, to bring to reafon any nation of Indians who (hould 
 not accede to the treaty of peace that had been concluded 
 with fo many of their countrymen. As a proof of their inten- 
 tions, a fcouiing partv, conlirting of twenty warriors, headed 
 
 by 
 
 •I 
 
 J 
 
HISTORY OF THE 
 
 l>y Cocknawaga-Pctcr, fct out from the camp to make war 
 upon the Shawancic and the Dchwaics, Ihould thele nations 
 give any jull taiife to fufpev.'t tlieir lideUty. Colonel Bradllrect 
 fei/ed this opportunity to write to Colonel iiouquct, and 
 charged I'etcr with his letters tor him. In ilicfe letters he in- 
 formed the Colonel, that he \v;is encamped at the carrying- 
 place at S.uuUilky; that he intended to rcinain there lb long 
 as poHibie, to favour his operations ; particularly by prevailing 
 on the wellern Indians to take up the hatchrt againll fuch of 
 their countrymen as might Hill betray a delirc of continuing,' 
 the war. When Cocknawaga-i'cter returned, he brought with 
 him an Indian fcalp, as a proof of the attachment to the Eng- 
 lifli with which he luid let out. 
 
 Colonel Uradftrcct continued in the fituation in which wc jull 
 now left him, a conridcrablc time, ftill exerting his endea- 
 vours to favour the operations of Colonel Bou<iuct, ihou,cjli 
 the badncfs of the weather, and a very near profpec^ of fcarcii v, 
 often reminded him of the neteflity there was of his fpccdily 
 felling out on his return, imlefb he chofe to cxpofe himfelf 
 and his army to the greatell danger of pcrilhing afliorc by 
 famine, or on tlic lakes by tempcfl. But at length, his ardour 
 for the good of the fervice was obliged to yield to the duty he 
 owed his troops; and, on tiie iSih of OJlobcr, he broke up 
 liis camp at Sandulky to proceed on his return to Albany. In 
 the evening, as he was going to land the troops, ;i fudden 
 fwell of the lake, without any vifible caufe, dellioyed feveral 
 of his boats ; but no lives were loll. 'I'his i'urprifuig i)h:ino- 
 mcnon was, however, looked upon as the forerunner of a 
 florm ; and accordingly there foon arofc one, which continued 
 feveral days ; therefore, it became necelfary to detach part of 
 the army by land to Niagara, with ju(l provilions cnoui^h for 
 
 chc 
 
LATE WAR I\ AMERICA. 
 
 the march, and oulcr from thence a fullicicncy to meet the 
 remainder on the Like. The troops which proceeded by land 
 lulFered gi( uly dining the march, but they got there lately 
 ;it lall, as ihd, on the 4th or November, thofe whicli h)llowed 
 in lK)ats. On their arrival, CoKmel Hradllreet ordered them 
 plenty of frelh ,,,ovinans. 'llie illiiing of fomc neceOary 
 orders rtlau '. as wcli lo the troops whic!\ the Colonel pro- 
 poled taking alcjri^^ with him, as to ihole which were to remain 
 in garrifon at Niagara, detained him there till the loth, when 
 he prov:eeded, in ihe veliels, witli tlic regulars and provin- 
 cials that were to go down the country ; with great diili- 
 culty he reached Ontario, after lofnig the Johnlon fnow, jull 
 as Hie was going into the harbour ; but the men were faved. 
 As there now remained no obllacle or danger in the fartlier 
 progrefs of thefe troops to Albany or New- York, we fhall take 
 our leave of them, to turn our eyes to another fcene of this 
 Indian war ; that part of it, which was to be conducted by Co- 
 lonel Bouij^uet. 
 
 The operations intruded to this oflicer were to be executed 
 by pan of the forty-fecond and fixtieth regiments, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Pennfylvania and Virginia militia. Proper cfcorts, 
 with provihons and other ftores, having been full fent ofl" for 
 Fort-Pitt, where they arrived without any moleftation from the 
 Indians, the remainder of the army followed, and reached that 
 place on the 17th of September. 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 The wliole of his troops, amounting to about fifteen hundred 
 men, being aflembled at lorr-Pitt, he left that place on the 3d 
 of October. On the 6th, whilll in the neighbourhood of IJea- 
 ver-Creek, a man, who had efeaped from the Indians, informed 
 him, that, the preceding day, fome Indians liad been on the 
 
 fame 
 
 I; 
 
 ■-■--■'■-- • *i -f 
 
53(3 HISTORYOFTHE 
 
 «764- fame road with his army; but being alarmed at the (Irength 
 of it, had carefully concealed thcmfclves. On the 8th, the 
 army pafled Little Beavcr-Creek. On the 14th, vrhilft it lay 
 encamped at Tufcarowas, there arrived two men, who had 
 been difpatched from Fort-Pitt by Colonel Bouquet, with 
 letters for Colonel Bradftreet, in anfwer to fome difpatches 
 received from him. They had been made prifoners in their 
 journey, fome miles from that place, by the Delawares, 
 and condu(fled to one of their villages about iixteen miles 
 ofi'; and kept there till the favages receivea advice of the 
 an-ival of the army at this place, when they were fet at li- 
 berty, and charged to tell the Colonel, that the chiefs of the 
 Shawanefe and Delawares were on the road, and advancing as 
 fad as poflible, to treat of a peace with him. Two days after, 
 fix Indians came in, and informed the Colonel, that all their 
 chiefs were allcmblcd about eight miles from his camp, and 
 ready to treat with him on peace, which they fmcerely deilred 
 to conclude. The Colonel, to lofc no time, appointed the very 
 next day, being the 16th, for that purpofe; when, accordingly, 
 Kiyafchuta, a chief of the Senecas, with fifteen warriors, Cuda- 
 loga and Caftor, chiefs of the Delawares, with twenty warriors, 
 and Keiffenautchta, a chief of the Shawanefe, with fix war- 
 riors, in quality of deputies from their refpedlive nations, pro- 
 duced their belts of wampum, and opened the congrefs. 
 
 Their fpeeches confided chiefly of excufes : They endea- 
 voured to palliate their perfidious condu(5t, by throwing all the 
 blame on the wefiem nations, and the infolent raflinefs of their 
 young ^varriors, and then, in the mod abje(5t manner, fued 
 for peace ; each deputation promifing 10 deliver up all the 
 prifoners in the hands of their refpe«5tive nations. When they 
 had faid every thing they could think of to appeafc tlie Colo- 
 nel, 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 ncl, he informed them, that he would give liis ajifwcr the next 
 day i but bad weather intervening, it was ilie 20th before 
 ihey could meet again, when the Colonel addrcllcd the favagcs, 
 and began by faying ; , 
 
 " The pretext with which you pretend to cover your fault, 
 by throwing the blame on the wcllcrn nations, and on the in- 
 folence of your young men, is frivolous to the laft degree : 
 Tor, if you could not proted: yourfclvcs againft the wcUcni 
 nations, you might have depended on the afliflancc of the 
 Englilh. As to your young men, it is your duty to keep 
 them within proper bounds, and challifc them if they did 
 amifs." 
 
 He then gave many inftanccs of their perfidy. He upbraided 
 them with their pillaging, captivating, and even murdering 
 the traders, whom they had invited and requcftcd to come 
 and trade with them. He took notice of their bcfieging Tort- 
 Pitr, though built by their own exprcfs permillion -, and of their 
 enormous violation of a right always held facrcd, even by the 
 nioft barbarous nations, in the perfons of four public mefTen- 
 ;^crs from the Englifli, whom ihcy had put to death ; of their 
 infolencc in prcfuming to attack the King's troops the preceding 
 year, and their inveteracy in continuing hoflilities to the very 
 moment of his now fpeaking to them. He concluded by tell- 
 ing them, that if they would deliver into his hands, at Wau- 
 katamikc, all the prilbncrs they had, without exception. Trench 
 as well as Englilh, women and chil'^'vn, not excepti'^g tliofe 
 adopted or married into \.W\v tribes ; all, in Ihort, who were 
 to be found among them ; and fiirnifli them with clothing 
 and horfcs to bring them to I'ort-ritt, and provilions during 
 
 Z z z the 
 
 517 
 
 1 76+. 
 
 '»£' 
 
^38 H I S T O R Y O F T H E 
 
 j;^.',. the iourncy, he would grant tlieni the peace they folicitcd ; 
 but upon no oihcr terms whatever. 
 
 Tlic cliicfs of the Delawares had produced, oa the firft day of 
 thi:3 congrcfs, eighteen wliite prilbners, with eighty-three fmall 
 flick"', rcprel'enting the number of thofe that yet remained 
 among them, whom they promiied to bring in as foon as 
 pjllible ; and the other chiefs made the lame promifc with 
 regard to theirs. Tlic Colonel, judging that the moil cflTc^lual 
 way to make them fulfd their engagcmenf^, would be to go 
 and meet the poor ca'ptives, and take an hidiaii of each nation 
 to accompany him in his route, made the proper requilitioii 
 for that purpofo ; and having obtained his demand, put his 
 army in motion again, on the zid. On the 25th, he encamped 
 on a fpot near the Muflcingham-river; it being more central 
 than Waukatamikc, both for the Indians to bring in their pri- 
 foncrs, and for himfelf to march againfl: fuch of them as 
 iliould not punQiially comply with their promifes. 
 
 On the 28th of October, Cock nawaga- Peter, the chief of the 
 Indians of that name, who had been fent, as we have already 
 fcen, on a fcout by Colonel Bradflrcct, and was likcwifc 
 charged by him with letters for Colonel Bouquet, arrived in 
 the camp. On the 9th of November, the Indians brought in 
 mod of their prifoncrs, confilUng of thirty-two Virginia men 
 and fifty-eight women and children ; forty-nine Pennfylvania 
 men, and fixty-feven women and children ; with Major Small- 
 man, who had been tak*.«i the year before by the Wyandots, 
 near Detroit, and by them delivetcd np ta th». Oliawuncfc. 
 This gentleman informed the Colonel, that the rcafon why 
 all the prifoncrs were not brought in was, that many of tlic 
 
 7 chiefs 
 
 
 I 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 chiefs were gone to trade with the French ; and added, that 
 a report having fpread among the Indians, at the approach of 
 his army, that it was his intention to extirpate tliem, they took 
 the refolution of killing all their prifoners, and defending 
 thcmfclves to the lad man ; that a French trader amongft 
 them, who had many barrels of powder and ball with him, 
 made them a prefent of the whole, on their taking tills refo- 
 lution; but that, happily for the captives, whilll the Shawuncfe 
 were preparing to aift this bloody tragedy, they received the 
 Colonels melfage, that he had nothing in view but to rcfcue 
 their Knglifti captives from flavcry, and grant peace to them, 
 on the fame conditions he had already granted it to the Dc- 
 hiwares. 
 
 On the 9th of November, Colonel Bouquet, accompanied by 
 all the principal officers of the army, held a conference with 
 the Senecas and Delawares. Kiga(huta, with ten warriors, 
 reprcfented the former, and Cuftaloga, at the head of twenty 
 warriors, the latter. Kigalhuta opened the conference with 
 faying : 
 
 •• With this belt of wampum, I wipe the tears from your 
 eyes. We deliver to you thcfe throe prifoncrs, tlie lall of your 
 llcih and blood that remained amongll the Senecas, and amongft 
 the Delaware tribe of Cullaloga. With this belt we afVcmble 
 and Inuv the bones of liiofe who have been killed in this 
 unhappy war, which the evil I'pirit excited us to kindle. Wc 
 bury thele bones, never more to be thought upon. Wc cover 
 the burying-place with leaves, that it may be no more feen; 
 and as wc have been a long time oppoling each other, and the 
 roads between us have been Ihut up ; we oiler this belt to 
 
 Z z /. a clear. 
 
 539 
 
 1764. 
 
 
 \^.^. 
 
540 
 
 »■■•>• 
 
 HISTORY OF TH E 
 
 clcnr, clean, nnd open them, that wc may travel in peace to 
 our brothers, as our anccflors did. As long as you hoUl ir 
 firm atone end, and wc at the other, wo cannot fail diicovcr- 
 ing and preventing every thing that may interrupt our friend- 
 L^iip." 
 
 Colonel Bouquet replied : 
 
 •' I have heard with plcafurc what has been laid to me. I 
 accept the tluce prifoncrr,, as the la(l you have to give up; and 
 I join wiil\ yciu in interring the bones ot" thofe that war has 
 dcUroyed, in luch a manner, that the place of their inter- 
 ment Ihall be hid from the eyes of the living. As to peace, 
 I Ihall no longer oppofe it. The King, niy Mailer, and your 
 rather, fends mc to make war only ; he employs other fer- 
 vants on the affairs of peace. Sir William Johnfon is fur- 
 nilhed witli full powers to treat with you. You mud addrefs 
 yourfelvcs to him. But, before I permit you to depart, two 
 things murt. be adjurted between us : ift, As the peace will not 
 he fmally concluded here, you mud deliver two hoflages for 
 tlie Senccas, and two others for the tribe of Cuflaloga, to re- 
 main in our hands at Fort-Piit, as a fecurity to us, that you 
 commit no violence againfl any of his Majelly's fubjeiff s ; and, 
 when peace fiiall be concluded, thefc hoflages fliall be faith- 
 fully returned, idly, The deputies you fend to Sir William 
 Johnfon, muil be furniflacd with full powers to treat for your 
 tribes. In the treaties to be made with you, whatever con- 
 cerns the trade will be regi'ated in fuch a manner as will 
 endure for ever j and you muft now name the deputies for my 
 approbation." 
 
 Another 
 
 
LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 Another conference was held tlie day followhig', being the 
 loth, with the Dclawares of the Turkey and the Turtle tribes, 
 in the prefcnce of the Scnecas, and the Dclawares of Cu(la- 
 loga's tribe. Tlie reliilt of this meeting was, that the fame 
 nimibcr of deputies fliould be fent to Sir William Johnfon on 
 their parr, and the fame number of hodagcs left, as had been 
 agreed upon for Cudaloga's tribe : accordin^i^ly, King CuRor 
 prcfentcd the Colonel, next da}', with fix liollages, to remain 
 witli him, and five deputies to treat with Sir William Johnlon. 
 who were all approved. 
 
 541 
 
 1764. 
 
 On the iQth, the Colonel held a conference with the Sha- 
 wanefe, who confenteil to deliver up their pril'oners in the 
 fpring, at Fort-Pitt ; as they were, at this linie, at a great dil- 
 tance hunting with their mailers, it was impoilible ^o do it 
 fooncr. But then, they gave hoftages for the performance of 
 their engagements, and appointeil deputies to wait on Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnfon, to conclude a peace ; both hollages and deputicsi 
 being fueh as Colonel Boiupiet approved. 
 
 All the purpofcs of the Colonel's expedition being thus ac^ 
 compliflied, he decamped on the iSth of November, and be- 
 gan his route for Fort-Titt, where he arrived on the sSth. The 
 regular troops were then difpofcd of in the forts, and the pro- 
 vincials, with the prifoners that had been given up, ordered to 
 their rcfpee^ivc provinces. 
 
 The hoftagcs, who were approved by Colonel Bouquet, did 
 not think proper to obferve their engagements : They broke 
 their confinement and returned to their own country. How- 
 ever, wc cannot conclude this work without oblerving, that 
 
 although. 
 
 i 
 
 ■^MXiKriiM' -i.^- 
 

 .1 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR IN AMERICA. 
 
 althougli the favagcs did not, in this rcfpc(5l, keep their faith 
 with Colonel 15ouquct, yet they regarded the preliminaries and 
 the peace which they had figiied with Colonel IJradrtreet in fo 
 facrcd a light, that to this hour, they have not violated, in the 
 fmallell degree, any one of the articles, and arc ftill defirous of 
 continuing tlic blellings they thereby enjoy, and the conveni- 
 cncies they daily experience from a free and mutual intcr- 
 coiufc with the dilVerent provinces. 
 
 THUS have we brought down to the time propofed, the 
 hillory which wc engaged to give the public. IJut we can- 
 not take leave of the generous encouragers of this undertak- 
 ing, without cxpreHIng our grateful acknowledgments for the 
 journals and plans comnumicated to us by many general and 
 otiier rerpcclablc ollicers, employed on the different fervices 
 which we have related. The only merit we pretend to in this 
 compilation, is, our having flriclly adhered to that .impar- 
 tiality which ought to be the firll confidcration of every hillo- 
 rian. 
 
 The execution of the plans in general, and their utility in 
 a work of this kind, muft fo efTcflually recommend them, as 
 to make it necdlefs for us to fpcak in their behalf. We fhali 
 only add, that no expcnce or labour has been fpared on oiu- 
 part, and every poiliblc care has been taken to render this 
 work ar perfedl as the nature of the fubjed would admit. 
 
 THE END, 
 
 mniww 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page jq. 
 
 6i. 
 
 99. 
 
 115. 
 
 144. 
 
 2J2. 
 
 289. 
 402. 
 
 472. 
 
 480. 
 485. 
 
 493- 
 529. 
 
 Line 2^. Tor Albany ^ ttzi Ofiv/gd. 
 8. For utre, read uas, 
 12. Vor Sutltnand, Tad Sunderland, 
 6. Omit third iattalicn, ami add it to the next line. 
 18. Oxn'xt ftcond battalion^ and aJd it to tlie next iine. 
 To the lift of troops add Gagi's ligh: infantry. 
 I' or upci tht Lake-Erii, read in the ntigkbourhiod »f 
 
 LakfErit, 
 Hetween but and //•/, zid feting. 
 CJmit Stnegal and. 
 For \-]th^ read xdth. 
 For are, read unt. 
 Omit tr dijlandtd. 
 After arrws, a full flop; omit the reft of the line, 
 
 27- 
 
 II. 
 '5- 
 
 'S- 
 
 29. 
 
 6. 
 4- 
 
 8. For hady read was. 
 
 i 
 
 \^