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C. • " 'i0.n.i\ IrrvO^**^ ^ ""^4-- r_\| X*' MAD/S b^ ,\» >^»*^ ■■'li I^ \ Lonyltude Wwit | ( |j(i \ CDNNEDTIDNS CANADA BANK NOTE CO., PHlNTERi. B in Til Facts for Farmers. THE Great Caqadian Horth-West : ITS CLIMATE, CROPS, AND CAPABILITIES; WITH Settlers' Letters. " 'I'here are health and ( onifort to be found in llic wide north land now open to all who love indei)enden(e, and toil remunerative in the two uieat re(iuisite> of liealth and contentment." — M.arcjlis or LoRNK in Ciccii U'on/s. LiVKKi'Ooi. : TlIK Ji UI XAL OF Ce.MMERCK 1'RIMIN(; WoRKS, ^ ^ 9, Vl( TOUIA SlUF.KT. I SS7. ; PREFACE, 111 these times of agricultural depressioii in Great Britain, when the farmers of the United Kingdom find that Rents, Tithes, Taxes, and Manure Bills swallow up their constantly diminished receipts, and that Avith each succeeding year the outlook grows gloomier, it is well worth the while of each one who may pick up this pamphlet to give the plain facts stated in plain words which it contains, the most careful consideration. Much has been written and said about Canada as a desirable country for the intending emigrant, but much remains to be said, and much misapprehension regarding it to be set right. And to give a few hints to those intending to go there how to set about it j to put before those who have not thought of emigrating the prospect of success that lies ojien to them, if they make up their minds to go — how high rents, high taxes, and all the pinching and worrying of trying to make both ends meet here, may be exchanged for no rents, light taxes, free schools, and cheap food, there — how the farm labourer, with very little or no capital, may, if he will persevere, own his own farm, his own house, and call no man master — and not take long to do it either; to point this out and to back it with the most convincing proof in the shape of bond fide letters from actual settlers, is the intention of this book. Head it carefully, study its facts, and if you want any more infor- mation, write to Archer Baker, European Traffic xigent of the Canadian Pacific Kaihvay, 17, James Street, Liverpool. ?pf itain, when hes, Taxes, 3ceipts, and it is well amphlet to 3, the most a desirahle 3 said, and how to set L5'rating the their minds i worrying or no rents, m labourer, s own farm, g to do it iicing proof iitention of more infor- nt of the »UTHERN MANITOBA-THE GARDEN OF THE PROVIHCE-The j.nde along the Lin. of the Manitoba and south weotorn R'yJeafod by th Manitoba and the Northwest Territories of Canada SHOWINaTHC LINKS AND LAND GRANT OF THE Canadian Pacific Railway. THC COMPANVS land* in part consist or THC ODD-NUMBERED SECTIONS IN THE BELT COLORED THE REMAININa SECTIONS BEING GOVERNMENT HOMESTEAD LANDS. '^, beJi" hiiIlV" I >^; 4 ^ ii. J.-. t S 13' -f. IS ,■■-' 10 Carlto Hi B xr , Mice >:S 5^ 7' «ri vMmii lion' 2U 23 >£i1^i.^ Crgffc ao 17 ;*^ BETWEEN tea »-i, 12 \2I s vt s* ie \is i//alo ' -^ „i .. .■ ...I of l.ukf- r.« Ktulmatiur ood /«^ ^ ''S'icrV »£E!ll( Cn, ■^ t Lttkc ^ ;fli) irli 1^^ ai- U n ■f ^= 5J ^i^^^ j«^ fii 22 !2l 1 ^ ! :i ^.- "h >i±.-. \ Harro«)t>f lUh' tf S *V« auJ! >• :Xv^ .*\ -^ £irrfl loa 107 ion 105 104 103 102 •tern R'y, leated by the Canadian Pacifld and comprised within the uncolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for aaie. For partiouia|i of price. within the uncolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for sale. Forpartiouiarsof price, &c., of all >r particulars of price, Ac, of all the Company's Lands, apply to JOHN H. MoTAVISH, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. WH i othei I of en them succe thus the p upon and s comf( time. tt can 08 tion £ passag the coi I tion w money 80 rau( liailwf natura nectioi natura! A suitabl is eith( in tim( themst is not ] 14K) i Tie Settlers Guide. WHO SHOULD EMIGRATE TO CANADA, AND HOW THEY SHOULD GO. In a country like Canada, and more especially in Manitoba and the other North- West Canadian provinces, while there is room for all classes of emigrants, it follows naturally that farmers and others able to adapt themselves to agricultural pursuits, will be the class most likely to succeed. For those who have a small amount of capital, and who aio thus enabled to immediately go in for farming on a more extensive scale, the prospects of success are of course more immediate, but the terms upon which land can be obtained are so easy that any man with health and strength, and a taste for agriculture, may count upon providing a comfortable home for himself and his family in a comparatively short time. Farm labourers and domestic servants are also in demand and can earn good wages from the start, and the facilities for their emigra- tion are much increased by the fact that to these classes " assisted passages " are granted, the Government paying £1 per head towards the cost. In British Columbia there is a special field for labour in connec- tion with the mining interest, and for young men who have not much money, but are not afraid of hard work, the Gold Districts, rendered now so much more accessible by the completion of the Canadian Pacific Eailway, offer a new and attractive field. Having decided to emigrate to Canada, the first question which naturally arises is, how to get there, and then, when to go; and in con- nection with this question, minor details, such as outfit to be taken, &c., naturally suggest themselves. Any of the spring or summer months from April to October is a suitable time for sailing, but, if it can be managed, the better time to go is either in April or in May, as by doing so the settler will reach there in time to obtain employment with settlers who have already established themselves, or to commence farming operations on his own account. It is not necessary to take any special outfit — warm clothes for winter and l4i}U 1 1 1 4bO J i » cool ones for summer will, however, always be serviceable. Light tools may be taken, but rough and heavy ones, better adapted to the require- ments of Canadian work, can bo as well obtained on the spot. The steanisliip conjpanies have agencies in nearly every town in Great Britain and Ireland, where through tickets can bo obtained, and intending emigrants ate strungly advised to ask for through Ikkds in all cases. AVliere no particular jjlace in the >»orth-\Vest haa been fixed upon by the emigrant for his future home, ho should take his ticket to Winnipeg where the agents of this Company, and of the Government are stationed, and are in a position to give him every information and assistance. There is no other British colony so easy to get to, and to be reached at so low an expense as that of Canada. The voyage rarely occupies more than eight or nine days by steamer to Quebec, and the railway journey from there to the Korth-West three days to three days and a half; the present rate of steerage passage is only .£4, from which would be deducted, in the classes previously referred to, the sum of XI contributed by the Government, making the faro only JC3 sterling. A small and inexpensive kit has to be })rovided by the emigrant for use on the ocean voyage, but its cost is very trifling, and in most cases it can be hired from the steamship companies for 3s. 6d. From Quebec to "Winnipeg the cost of the railway journey is at present only £2 9s, 4d., for a distance of nearly 1,600 miles, and in this is included /cee sleeping accommodation for the emigrants, in comfortable, well-heated and lighted carriages, with every possible arrangement for the comfort of the passengers. ON ARRIVAL IN CANADA. Agents of the Government and of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company will be found at the port of landing, and also at other towns throughout Manitoba and the North -West ; and buildings for the temporary accomnioiation of emigrants are also provided at Quebec, Halifax, and various inland points. These agents will give full information as to free grants and other lauds open for settlement, as to farms for sale, demand for labour, rates of wages, investment of caj)ital, &c., iu fact, will give emigrants information on all subjects of special interest to them. At these emigrant buildings there is every arrangement for cooking, sleeping and washing, ,ii;" '*9^ * ONOFTNlCATINf XMnain sent to also CO domesti W charged books, t settler c sale, are 0\\ British examiu; only a Tli passengi than fij Light tools lie rcqiiire- spot. ■y town in ) obtaiiKiil, mgli tickets fixed upon 8 ticket to Joveinment •tntitiou and to, and to oyage rarely jcc, and the three days from which the sum of JC3 sterling, grant for use most cases it >m Quebec to £2 Os. 4d., free sleeping d and lighted nfort of the ific Kailway and also at West ; and uts are also jints. These other lands labour, rates ve emigrants hese emigrant and washing, but emigrants must provide their own bedding and buy their own fooil. Domestic servants are esi)0(;ially received by a Lady OH Of m Catineau AND OnAWA. BY H.R.H. PRINCESS LOUISE. Hui>erintendent, and allowed to remain in the Government liuilding for a shoit time before they are sent to situatioii.s which may have been found for them ; there arc also committees in the various cities, which especially look alter domestic servants and assist them in getting situations. While there is a Customs Taritt' in force in Canada by which duty is charged upon iiuiiorted articles, settlers ordinary effects such as furniture, books, tools, live stock, carts, general farming stock, &c., in use by the settler one year before coming out, and intended for use and not for sale, are ad.'uitted free. Owing to the Canadian Pacific liailway running entirely through British territory fiom the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, the Customs examination of baggage is rendered i)articularly easy, consisting of only a .-^liglit examination at the Canadian .Sea[)ort. The railway caniages are comfortable in the liighest degree, and passeng(?r.s can travel from Quebec to ^Manitoba with less discomfort than from London to the north of Scotland. Jhe Finest Orain-Orowing Country in the World. ' ITS CLIMATE. m^'F' This great prairie regioi. containing 79,000,000 acie- of the most prolific soi], i^ acknowledged to have a most delightful climate. There is abuii dance of rain in summer, with a mean temperature of about Gt» degrees. The winter is cold and dry, and pulmonary diseases aiiti infectious fevers are practically unknown. Covering so large an area of country as the North- West Provinces do it is difficult to speak generally of the climate, but it may be said, briefly, that its summer: are hotter than those of England, while its winters are colder, but frtii. the dryness of the temperature the heat and cold are not felt to the saiii- extent as in England. Perhaps the best illustration that can be givoi. of this lies in the extraordinary range covered by the productions i i the soil. Oats, bailey, wheat, maize, for grains ; apples, peaches, grajtt-. melons, nectarines, strawberries, raspberries and apricot?, for fruit.- and all vegetables, are grown in the open air. rapidly pound men of with they \v] way o: purpose themse testify, this ma '*^ iintry e World. • V CLIMATE. eat prairie regioi. 79,000,000 acle^ it prolific soil, i- There is abuii ire of about 0."* ary diseases and so large an area ifficult to speak iliat its summer- 3 colder, but f run. ot lelt to the saiu- ,hat can be givi^u 10 pruduclions ^i , peaches, grapt-. ricot?, fur fruits The ftvorai,'e yield per acre is greater in Manitoba and tho North-West tlian in the United States, while the winter snow of which «o much has been said, serves at once for providing farmers with natural roadtj in any direction over which to transport their produce, and at the same lime acts as a fertilizer to the ground by the action of the frost in pulvori/ing tho soil where exposed, and so rendering it still more easy of cultivation. SEASONS. Ploughing commences in April ; Seeding, April and May ; Harvest, August and September. Tlie spring is clear and dry ; summer, warm with cool nights ; autumn, pleasant and balmy ; winter, dry and bracing. Water can be obtained plentifully from running streams, ponds and lakes, or from wells. The rivers and streams are lined with timber, and wood is easily obtainable for fuel and building purposes. Tiie immense deposits of coal which have recently been opened up, are now being worked, and furnish cheap fuel, which can be obtained at any railway station. The wihl pniirio grass of the Canadian North-West is very fattening to stock, and is everywhere abundant. Cattle eat it more heartily than the cultivated kind. CAPITAL REQUIRED. Of course, the more money a man has on landing the more rapidly will he succeed, but any man with energy, and with a poUQ^ or two in his pocket, need have little fear for his future. For mea of the latter class it is advisable that they should take service with some already established farmer for a year or so, during which they will earn enough to keep themselves, will be learning the Canadian way of farming, and will be in a position to look about them for the purpose of selecting their own lands on which to commence for themselves. 'J'hfrc a\\\ numbers of men, as the appended letters will testify, Avho have laised themselves to a position of independence in this manner. £*t^-' 8 .A'fUf J 'an €11 ft on ,i| Colli] IfiO ,1, Dow I •elect (!( cleai.'iiK nor an; to f:u:Ui iWcloc. sti'nanis I iJi^'taiico ••ttlt'IS ) !• live ii the 011(1 with til twiaiiee might ]u the sake ( made yea the settlci keeping J produce oi t Tho cost of lircukiiij,' tliM pmiri« liuid i.s iib)»it 12s. to 1'■ hilil nmlrr n i>/iin(jh ydr till' li I'sf fiiih', nil'/ II iT'ij) III! ri'i'--. The average wheat yield in the Canadian JS'orth-West ranges from 25 to 30 bushels per acre ; barley, oats, potatoes and other root crops yield very good averages, the general average ol oats being about 55 bushels per acre. A great and important point for a farmer, however, and one whicli would naturally be asked is, having got his land and harvested his crops, how about a market for them ? This question the Canadian Pacific Hailway has answered by tlii- erection of elevators at different points on the line, where he may always receive the higlicst market price for his grain. The population is constantly increasing. Railways are being rapidly extended, the stations along the railway are numerous and within easy distance of each other, and every year the position of tlie farmer becomes better, and his prospects brighter. Large towns are rapidly growing up, of two of Avhich, Brandon and j\Iedicine Hat, illustrations are given. Brandon has now a population of 3,500, and is only five years old; Calgary, with a population of 1,500, is only four years old; Winnipeg, which in 1870 had only 300 inhabitants, now has nearly 30,000, is lit with electricity, has tram cars, large hotels and fine public buildings, and is tlic most flourishing business centre in the west. fi ■ ■ ■' / CATTLE RAISING. This branch of trade is a constantly growing one. In the Xorth- West ranches there are over 80,000 head of stock (exclusive of I sheep) which are not sheltered during the winter. In the last six year^J the export of cattle has been more than trebled. 11 eizure for furniture, Lorse, four mges from root crops about 5.") one wliicli .'vested Ills ;red l)y tilt-' 3re he may i are "being luerous aiul 5ition of tlio re towns are sdicine Hat, 3,500, aiul 00, is only inliabitants, 1 cars, large ing business the Xorth- Ixclusive ot ist six year? CO CO M:- 12 WAGES AND COST OF LIVING. A few figures, showing the approximate wages paid in 1885, the cost of living, rents and provisions, are given helow, and may be useful, WAGES PAID IN 1885. As taken from the Ganadldii Government Gu'ah Book of 1880. PUdVINl K OK MANrroHA. N.W. TKUHITdHIKS. WillLijir;,'. IJrniiilon ' Qu'Ai>peIl(!. (I. S. Ct. S. (1. S. (1.1; s. 5 i 4 Oto 8 II 11 (t : I(J ,, ;{•_> 40 (•':•.-' OtoiiO S I 12 ' — 8 1-2 ,, It) ' 1-2 U 1(1 111 tl .SO,. 1-2 1-2 ,, Iti S ,, 12 S () .. 1-2 Farm Labourers— per day, without board. ,, perwpfk, and board ' „ per ui iitb, and board. I Female Farm Servants— per montti, '• with board. I Masons— per day, without board - I Brieklayers „ ,, - i Carpentor.s ,, ,, - \ Lumbermen ,, ., - : ,, per month, with lioar.l - j Shipwrights— per day, without board | Smiths ,, ,, I Wheelwrights ,, ,, I Gardeners- per month, with board - j ,, jier day, without board i Female Cooks— per montli, witli I board. I Laundresses— per niontli, witlmut i board. I Female domesfes— per month, with I -J.S OtoOO :12 OtdUo board. i General Laboiuers— per day, witlioiit boa'd. Winers — per day - . . . Hill hands— per day - - - . Engine drivers— per d.iy - Saddlers -per day - . - . Bootmakers — jier day Tailors— per day .... 1(10 Ot.i!4() 0' COS Oto 12 0' b ,, T2 80 -- |. C. t'i 10 1 on o Oj (I ,, 12') 80 Oto 100 10 12 120 Ukitism CuI.I'MlilA. Victoria, 8. d. s. ! t> Oto 8 24 ,, .^O .J 10 Oto2t 10 0,,2ii 12 OtolJ 10 0,. IJ 10 Oto IS 12 „ 1.-. 14 „ 10 80 4S Otdiit (I (1 (I ,, 8 1 Oto 10 iO ., 14 ,, lo ,, 10 s , 10 12 8 8 8 8 Otnl 00 Otoli tl 0., 8 Oto ID 10 ,, 12 S ., 12 10 Oto 12 PROVISIONS. Bacon, per lb Bread, per loaf Buttei, per lb. Beef, per lb. - jMuttoii, ber lb. Cheese, per lb. Collee, per lb. Flour, per ba n I - Milk, per quart Potatoes, li bushel-. Sugar, per Ib.- Tea, i>er lb - Tobacco, per II). M.\Mroi',A. J! tniiii Coi.rMuiA. Winiiiin';,'. \ icloria. 7.id. •Id. 05(1. 2- t.) M/- 5d. to -.id. Od. to Oil. S.^.!, to T.^d. 3d. to Od. 7id. to "Id. 1,- to I ;i. 1'- to 18. 18'- to 20/- 2.id. 1/0. lid, to 4d. 1 1,8. 17/- to 21/- per lb.. Id. to lbs. for 4.'- lOd. to 2/0. 2/- to :i/. 1/0 to 5,- tion 13 1885, tlio be useful of 1880. IlRlTISIl CuI.I'MlllA. Vk'tnvi;!. ti Oto S •24 „ 30 'J U; Oto.il 10 0,,-J" ,. ' 12 OtoT> I W 0,, 1.' 10 Oto IS ' 12 „ !•' i| U „ 10 1' — ■ S Oti'V o' RENTS. Kent varies greatly ; roughly speaking, a wooden house with four or five rooms may be obtained in the towns for 24s. to 32s. a month. Many settlers in the country buy the timber (£6 to £20) and build their own houses. Single men can obtain board and lodging from Us. per week in the East, IGs. in the North- West, and 20s. in British Columbia. In Canada, as in all other countries, these figures vary from time to time, but they may be considered as a safe guide to intending settlers. Emigrants leaving Great Britain for Canada need not fear, that in so doing, they are leaving behind them the comforts and civiliza- tion to which they have been accustomed. There are Post and Telegraph Offices in almost every village ; there i-i postal communication with England from three to four times a week, at a very small cost ; there are banks and savings' banks throughout the whole Dominion, 'Sp- ^^3 ^-^ Town of Brandon, Manitoba. 14 and in the large cities — libraries, liu>. pitals, friendly societies, and mechanics' institutes ; all over the country are manufactories, saw mills, tanneries, steam iron works, cotton, woollen aiui flour mills, sugar refineries, tkc. li, fact, while it is true that a man goin, to a new country must be prepared U take such work as is available, /:. difficuitt/ in securiiKj employment id. he found by any saltahle man, ichc willing to loorh and determined to get ok ^- 'W^- The Lake of the Woods. braries, lioj- i mechanics' country are 3, tannol'iL'^. woollen aiiii ries, &c. li. a man goiiv. 3 prepared t. available, /!. uloyment ic man, ichc k lined to get ok P**,: i'r '^■ This province, the most Avcsterly of all those Avhich go to make up the Dominion of Canada, -was, until the completion of the Canadian Pacific liaihvay, the most difficult of acccs.^, its boundaries being the Kocky jMountains on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the Avest. On June '2S, ISiSG, "Canada's i^ational Ixaihvay " was thrown open for traffic, the distance from Quebec to Vancouver, the terminus on the Pacific coast, being 30G.") miles. (Although the distance is so groat, the very low rates made by the anadian Pacific liaihvay — the third class rate at present from Liver- pool to Vancouver, via Quebec, being about £14, from which i^must bo deducted the assisted passages — bring it within the reach : of those with only moderate means. This province produces attractions 5for the settler peculiarly its own, for, in addition to its suitability ,;for stock raising and agriculture, a large portion of it is covered S^ith valuable forests, and gold mining has been practised since LSoS^ from Avhich date until 1884 over £10,000,000 sterling in value has been extracted. On Vancouver Island there are large coal mines, the output of which is increasing every year, the home consumption being provided for and a large amou,nt being exported in addition. Besides these there are extensive salmon fisheries, canning establishments, saw mills, &c., and cod fishing is also being rapidly developed. Labourers and mechanics are in good demand ; the opportunities for the investment of capital are numerous, and when a line of steamships ie running (as will shortly be the case) to China, Japan, Australia, and New Zeahxnd, a valuable 16 traffic will be established which must conduce to the rapid growth and prosperity of the Pacific Coast Province. To reduce the cost of the journey to emigrants, the Canadian Government grant bonus certifi- cates for £2 sterling, payable in Victoria, British Columbia, to all emigrants over 16 years of age who remain in the province. Emigrants who are eligible for this valuable bonus, should make the necessary ap[)lication at the Government office in Liverpool, the day before sailing. The general agent for the province of British Columbia in London is Mr. H. C. Bee TON, 33, Finsbury Circus, E.C. The regulations in connection with the sale of lands in British Columbia vary but little from those referring to the same subject in jNIanitoba and the North AVest Provinces. The conditions on which these lands can be obtained wilt be furnished on application to this Company's offices. Military and naval settlers can acquire /^-ce grants of land. GRAZING AND MINERAL LANDS. Settlers wishing to give their attention to cattle raising can obtain leases from the Government on liberal terms, and this should, if properly managed, prove a most profitable occupation. The cattle practically look after themselves, and in due course, with very little trouble or anxiety, the herd increases and the settler becomes rich. Mining and mineral lands are disposc-d of on special terms. In British Columbia, as in Manitoba, there is a law which pro- hibits the seizing for debt of farm building,'^, goods and chattels, &c., up to the value of £600. CLIMATE OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. A writer on this subject, who is a most excellent authority, states that in the important matter of climate its inhabitants enjoy peculiar advantages. They have a mild and even winter, with rain ; the annual rainfall is estimated at 45 inches j snow only occasion- ally ; an early spring ; a dry, Avarm summer, and a clear, bright and enjoyable autumn. Sometimes the frost is sufficiently hard to permit of skating, but this is exceptional. As a rule flowers bloom in the gardens of Victoria throughout the year. It is spoken of as England without its east winds ; in reality it is Torquay in the Pacific. Fruits of all kinds indige 17 nous to the bright Aancouvor. I'hey can bo heard in the k, . '^°"' ^"'^ "« t at .a... that city .,eh a p,eas I L ; TT"" " ' '■"''™- sLures fr„„, the hot valley, of California! ^''° "''" ^'^" "« The ad joining seas, partially sheltered hv,- I , Wn especially intended for yaehtin. 1 I ' """^ *"» '» tavo i;"ors to wander ahont its Joods a fd' w ?''''^''"^'"-'™™'-nd clmn«o of scene, and the sunder and TL "'' T' "'"" '""«' -"« p.c.on of storms, whether electrical or „f ^ "" ^""^°"' «"^- th..gs which bids fair to begot as an ovn " *''' '=™'""°n of of Vancouver,., applies more Zn ';:::;" '"'^ ^'^--c-i-te -uthern and central portion of the ill!;"!, ™"' "'"^ '° «- THE CLIMATE OF BRITISH ^^. THE C0?8T. ^*'^""""* <"* Jiie climate of the V-^oi^n t> "'"; --' - - of its gi 1!~ ,: ^"t" °' '^ »" '-'■» V-' -«!«■ since there are several cli™trto r"""^""" *" '"<=-^ "«> ^ anconver Island or tho coast Ce .ft,"'""- ^"^ --"ing » cli«.ate such as wo have to so,„„ """"'''"'^' ''" ™" And Victoria and its neighbourllod. ^'"" ^'''•^^'"^'' "> ^Poalcing of Sleteorological observations indicate tl, Victoria, E,q„i,nalt, and their no h » I'tdT':'"' "' "'° ^-'^ '" Fahrenheit. e.„nbouihoods to be about 61 degrees iu the record of another year if i . . . gooseberry buds were opening -at he "' '" ^^^'™'y ""o PI.-I.S were condng into loaf tsh, Id r'""^ °' "-'' "- "ative "■^hes high ; on the 7th Mar h the Ti " ' ™"™ '"'"P '™' 'l>''oe f ' Woon,, on the ogth th tter °'"^^ '""™ «"- -» ," ^i'"' .^.awborries were condn! t L 7" '" '°''''- ""' ''" '"■^' !•'»">» «re covered with w M fll ' °^ "'^ '^' "^ "ay the , potatoes above ground, the strlwb"' ''™' "'"" ^"'^ "^ '^in «H - tho Wild rose; cXltlZr ''^' "'^ ^'^ --^"'i' 18 It is on Vancouver Island and in the extensive districts west of the coast range, as well as in those in the southern strip of the Pro- vince between the parallels of 49" and 50", that the great fruit-raising farms of Canada will bo located. Apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, nectarines, the finer class of grapes, berries of every descrip- tion, fruits not common to the eastern coasts, a profusion of flowers, and all the more delicate vegetables will grow luxuriantly The straw- berry grows wild on the prairie lands, nearly of the same size as the garden fruit. The demand for these is limited only by price, the market for them begins at th-e eastern door of the province and ex- tends for a thousand miles, radiating as the distance increases. The species and varieties of plants growing in this rich and fertile district are exceedingly numerous. Growing on the meadoAV lands are the following : — White pea five to six seeded, Avild bean, ground nuts, a species of white clover, reed meadow grass, bent spear grass, wild oat, wild timothy, sweet grass, cowslip, crowsfoot, winter cress, partridge berry, wild sunflower, marigold, wild lettuce, nettles, wild angelica, wild lily, brown leaved rush. The fern attains the enormous height of from to six to eight feet, and the grasses have all a most vigorous growth. THE GAME OF THE PROVINCE. British Columbia has, perhaps, a greater variety of game than any other part of America. There are several distinct kinds of grouse, and a great variety of wild fowl, some of them being peculiar to the region. Quail and snipe are killed both on the islands and mainland, and the common deer of the country (the Virginia deer) abounds. The so-called elk (the Wapiti) is found principally on the mainland, as well as the Cariboo, and the mountain sheep and mountain goat are in all of the ranges. The mountain sheep and goats afford excellent sport, and the flesh of all these mentioned is excellent food. The country must always remain in parts a rich fur banting ground. Trapping is still a favourite way with some men of making a living, and it pays good wages. On the mainland there is excellent trout- fishing, and every bay and shallow of the coast is stocked with fish. vest of lie Pro- -raising leaches, descrip- llowers, e straw- ) as the L-ice, the and ex- a species oat, wikl [go berry, lica, wild to eight than any )f grouse, liar to the ImainlauJ, abounds. Imainland, in goat are excellent lod. The ground. Ig a living, lent trout- [h. fish. 19 THE GOLD FIELDS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. It would be difficult to indicate any defined section of British Columbia in which gold has not been, or will not bo found. The first mines discovered were in the southern part of the Province, the next in the Cariboo district, which is the centre of British Columbia, and at the present time the richest diggings at work are the Cassiar mines in the far north. Before the close of the year new mines will have been opened elsewhere. Gold has been found on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, the summits of which are the eastern limit of the Province ; on Queen Charlotte Island, at the extreme west, and on every range of moun- tains that intervene between these two extreme points. Thus from Kootenay in the south to Cassiar in the north and from the plains of the Saskatchewan in the east to the last ridge of land on the west coast of America, the existence of the precious metal has been proved. Hitherto the work has been practically placer mining, a mere scratch- ing of the surface, yet nearly fifty millions of dollars have been scraped out of the rivers and creeks. Bars have been washed out and abandoned, without sufficient effort being made to discover the quartz vein from which the streams receive their gold. Abandoned diggings have been visited after a lapse of years, and new discoveries made in the neighbourhood. To the inaccessibleness of the country this super- ficial woii'iug has been due. The Government at great cost built a waggon road from Yale to Lillooet and Cariboo, but iAis proved to be only of moderate convenience. Along the path of the explorer no animals could pass ; that which he required he carried on his back. The Canadian Pacific Railway now pierces the auriferous ranges ; men aid material can be carried into the heart of the mountains and with eacli succeeding season fresh gold deposits will be found, or the old one traced to the quartz rock, and capital and adequate machinery i be brought to bear upon them. There are hundreds of miles open to the poor prospector, and numerous openings for the capitalist. To |the agricultural settler the existence of gold is of double significance, to ia certain of a market for his produce, he is not debarred from lining a little on his own account, and he is never deprived of the lopc that he will one day become the fortunate discoverer of a vein fehat may place him " beyond the dreams of avarice." 20 In giving eviJonco before a committee of the House of Commons, a member of the Government Geological Survey said, — "After having travelled over 1,000 miles through Ikitish Columbia, I can say with safety that there will yet bo taken out of her mines wealth enough to build the Pacific railway." This means many millions. Another gentleman in the same service said that, " it may soon take its place as second to no other country in North A.merica," which is even stronger language than the other. In 1860, Antler Creek (on the Fraser) yielded at one time not less than $10,000 per day. On one claim $1,000 was obtained by a single day's work. In 18G2 a more scientific system of working was adopted; some companies were formed, shafts were sunk, and professional mining engineers employed. The gold returns for 1870, for which year an official report was made, from the mines of Columbia, Yale, Silionet, Lytton, Cariboo and Lillooet were $1,333,745, in addition to large quantities of gold carried away by individual miners and purchasers of gold dust. Altogether from 1802 to 1871 gold to the value of $16,65^^,036 was shipped from British Columbia by the Banks, and it is estimated that at least $60,0u0 more was taken out by minors ami others. For the year 1874 the export in gold from the Province was $1,072,422. Stickeen River, rising in the north-west of Alaska, has been worked successfully since 1875, and continues to yield well. It must be clear that a Province from which over fifty million dollars have been taken mainly by scratching in the shallow places of the few rivers which were accessible in the former unopened state of the country, will, in the altered condition of things, yield very much larger amounts. The era of scientific mining in British Columbia u yet to come. 21 "-eTTens prom 8ooob««-... The attention of i„te„Ji„ "'■ ""'■««• '"«- fron. Settlor an. „ t *"sr;"^'-"""^ '» "'o ,„,W,,, '" commence the „„,,, Z^'J'"^''" ""' '"• " '<>«y^M vr./'"''''''"'''' '■'■« '» '•»».« .f±°^': ""'''•°"- »■»' every s„ . "t „;T *'. '""""""y. 'he -P ■• bag and baggage "aL^"""'" « » ""ellouslylL ' , . '""" " ''"""i i"^i borne a uSe"L, "'°« •""■■ kin, and the M, »"'•>'■ '" P»eking '-J'l'try in the vast NoTh w """""'"j' become thf "ea ,/ r' ''°'' ''""""ed -ommencoJbnildit!" ; '• '"''»"•. "82 I .C , . ■" °''''«"™''"»l cattle shed, f„ .„ """"a'erand wood, KranarT .. ii- * "fecn-roomed re^i «*.„.„; ;° 3,'"°''>'e e'sbty bead,*::; ^i^^;";^"* '"^ «- '«"■» of b„, : .l-y year .e are ;:noS!anrr-"™'°'**«"e,"„d'^^.t^ "^™» ' ■'•■ » val„a,„e freehold '«„*?,"''''" """-ation, a d a^ * ' -'''"'' ^-^ '•"" that period „e hal h„ '" "«< I ^ joined by an F^ """'erling '»« on ,), pro "l; ™ '"t" engaged in e»tabli hinl ,hL , ^* ^ '■"'•"''• "'l ■'l'°P».a„d ma ; i," ^'"'' «»-, smithy, \^SLl2VT' """'^ ""- Pictnre«me ],>.,„ , ' /^^'^ though not lea^t „, '^'^^ *» ^o added M;M. o„c„pie/th, net :„I': '"'"""' 'lerg .man (I'y 1^ S ' ,'?"• '""'■ ■n't «nn,hine. The lanl *"' ''"ently completed An ' "'"' '■''e'''. oith the "yello ° ' ""'v """ler the Dion.h 7 . ' '^ Peac, quiet »e*of,h„rrh™i.r- »"2 "" f-ie aS 'nT " °"'^ — r'tim'e "en with , a,. °f !?."'*' •» r.> '^ * ^'^ hundreda S2 a ye«r he can enjoy an old Knglinli aquire'ii existence of a century ago I The climate is the healthiest on tho globe's surface ; it is cold, dry, bracing, and sunshiny in winter, and perfect in summer. Young men with a littltt capital, "looking about for something to do," I especially counsel to join their countrymen hero. General farming and stock raising, if judiciously followed, will yield them a handsome livelihood. Tiiey should, however, before launching into business on their own account, place themselves with one of the many English gentlemen settlers abroad for a time, and accinire a thorough and practical kuowledg of farm- ing generally, as peculiar to this country, the old world style being of little or no avail in the great "North-West." The CJovemment presents, as a free gift to every fresh male arrival over 18 years of age, 160 acres of rich land, and allows him to pre-empt a like quantity, which he must pay for at the rate of lOs. per acre at the expiration of three years from the date of entry. He thus becomes the owner of a 320 acre estate for the trifling sum of £80 1 This is an English colony, English manners and customs being rigidly adhered to. The finest sjiort can be enjoyed here, the mountains being full of elk, deer, partridge, and rabbits, whilst the lakes abound in wild fowl and fish, and the prairies with grouse, snipe, and haros. I^eing the natural home of the sheep, horse, and ox, these domestic animals luxuriate here, whilst the recent Colonial Exhibition has shown what we can pro- duce in Cereals ! Why does the Ikitish farmer not avail himself of some of these available millions of acres, thus becoming his own landlord and avoidin/;; the crushing weight of rents, rates, taxes, and old world conventionalities ? I shall take pleasure in affording any intemliug settlers the fullest information and ndvice, and will secure land and locate young men, if they will correspond with me. I am, kc, MICHAEL PIERCE, J.P. (Capt.) Carrington, Moose ' mtains, Assiuiboine, Canada. Fkom Thomas Hodgson, Red Deeh City, Alberta District, N.W. Territory, Canada. November 6lh, 1886. With pleasure I answer your questions, and give you the straight truth about the^country which I adore, for it is a good country — it is a country in which many of the poor men at home ought to be, and once here. they would never leave it, for it grows good crops. As foi potatoes and vegetables, I never saw better. Here potatoes grow to the weight of I'rom 1^ to 3 lbs. each, and we have splendid crops of barley and oats, which are mostly grown here. As for the climate of the country it is warm in the summer. Winter, in this part, is not so long. Winter weather never sets in till about Christmas, and in the spring of '83 the snow was all gone on the 4th March. I have seen four winters here, and never saw it last any longer than the 15th of March. As for the nature of the soil, it can't be beat in the world ; it is black sandy loam, from 2J to 4 feet in depth, and with good water in abundance and plenty of wood for settlement purposes. A settler can get land 23 \ The ig, and capital, itrymon >ia them liucHB on mtlenien of farm- ;tle or no I to every IS him to ere at the owner of r, EngUsh >e enjoyed t the lakes ind hares, ic animals ire can pro- ne of these roidini? the bI 1 shall nation and correspond pt.') ae, Canada. with timhor on it, or ho can got it without, as lin likcH, ns thoro ore niillionn of ftort'M to chooMo from, 'i'liis in a goml place for KiiKJislitiu'ii ti) romt. t<\ nn tlicy are all HO(ial)lt) pooplt' iiml holp cadi other, uiid Iciirii a now cuimir how to do things such as huililiiig, fic. Thoro is a ruinily hero from Xortliamplou, Kiigliuiti, l.y the name of Oreen, and tliey like the country well, and they naid to me thty wished tlioy had coine to (,'aniida 10 yt'iirs ago. It is nothing for a man that comes hero in T) years to have more than ho would ftll his lifetime at Iiotno, uiid not work like a mnlo either, as a man gets every ohanco out hero to do well. He can get 1*30 acres wherever ho has a mind to choose it for $10, and (Min have 1(50 more for !?320 • and with a few cattle or sheep ho can Hoon bo an independent man. Wo are 75 iiiilos from the railroad, hut wo have grocers' shops and post-ollico and hucIi like that wo had not when I camo lirst. A man, coming from Knglaud, should como as early in the Spring as possible, so as to bo able to put in a little crop for tho coming winter, such as potatoes and vegetables ; and he can take his gun and shoot as much fresh meat as ho wants to supply his family with, without anybody to say anything to him, or without paying any license for his gun, and there are lots of game in the country, I have never known what a day's sickness was since I left Kngland in iSsl ; in fact, the only thing I regret is that I did not come to Canada live or six years sooner. If I had, and done as well as I have since I did come, I would have taken tiie world easy now, although I don't work half so hard as I did at homo, and make a better living. I have got 320 acres of laud of my own and a (jood huns,; and sluhhs, &c., four head of cattle, and six months' provisions laid in. There are not many at home have that after working all their lives or ever will have if they stay in England. Although I have not got a wife, I intend to get one very soon, if 1 have to come to Hartlepool for her, as I know I could have choice by coming home. Girla are not so plentiful here as at home, and a good number could como hero before the demand was supplied, and that is what I would like to see. I am thinking of coming to West Hartlepool on a visit in tho autumn of 1887, but I would never como to stay there, as a dog has a better life in Canada than a poor man in England. There is quite a number of English families around here, and there is room for millions more, and then have lots of room. I would like to see lots moro como, and if it lays in my power to help some to como 1 will do so. IICT, Ih, 1886. truth about whicli many r leave it, for setter. Here (lendid crops *f the country inter weather was all gone ast any longer ,e heat in the good water in can get land FuoM A Late Waddington Farmer, now in Canada. Kilburn, Moosomin, N. T. W., Canada. This is a rich pleasant country, and there is plenty of "Free Grant Land" to be taken up for any one that you can send out here, for I am sure it was the best thing I ever did in my life, when I gave up farming in England. For I think I should have been beggared if I had kept on. Now I am farming on my own land of 320 acres. That is a thing I never could have done in the old country, and it is nothing but what any other man might do if he thinks proper to come and land here. "With about £200 or £300 he might make a very good 9 24 start, and very soon make hU independency ; and any man can claim 160 acres •of land, and all his sons above 18 years of age, or any man over 18 years of age ; and I think there is many a one that would be glad to come if they knew what they could receive when they get here. The land is fine level prairie ; the books you gave us 1 find to be very correct, and any one you give them to might rely on them very safely. I think any one that you can persuade to come out will always feel thankful to you after, and if you could get a ship load of the old English Farmers they would never regret coming, it is the healthiest country that 1 was ever in ; we have had a beautiful summer here, and have about 42 acres of Grain Crop which we have ploughed and sown in the Spring since we came here. 30 acres of it is Wheat, which is a splendid crop, and which we are now (August) about to cut, so that you see the crops grow very quickly. The soil that we have hero is a very rich dark loam, and almost as fine as il^ur after it has been cropped about twice. Tlie land does not require any lufinure here, and no expense of artificial manure, for the straw and the manure that is made by the cattle is taken away from the farm buildings and set on fire. Tlie Wheat here is sold by the bushel of 60 lbs. weight, and we calculate to reap 25 bushels per acre. Fiio.M A lluKiNGiiAi.L YorNc ^Iax, aviio went to Manitoba IN lS8t5. Holland, Alanitoba, Jugust 2Sr,/, 1886. This is a very new settlement, so the people are not very plentiful and live a good piece apart, but there are more coming all the time. The people here will not turn anyone away hungry or send them to jail for asking for a meal. I don't want to come to Eoglaud again, but want you to come out here, as soon r.s l)0ssible. There is plenty of work here for ereryhody that in irilliuf/ io icorl: We have done harvesting now ; we commenced on the 28th July. Tell mother that she need not fret for me, 1 am all right, better than I would be at home. Tell my brother that 1 will send for him next spring and get him a place. I get my board and washing, as well as £20 for the (first) year. ExTliACT OK LeTTEK OV Ml!. A. SUTCLIFEE, LATE OF AcCRINCiTOX. Yorktown, December 1st, 1886. Assinaboia, North West Territory, Canada. You must think me very ungrateful in not replying to your very kind and welcome letter ; but I have been so very busy rigging up our house to make it snug and warm for winter, and getting in firewood, before the snow fell, out of the blufid (dead wood), and piling it in heaps on the edge of the bluffs to be more 25 160 acres rs of age ; :new what aide; tlie e tliem to ersuade to tet a ship , it is the r here, and )wn in the sndid crop, s grow very lost as fine require any the manure set on fire, ilate to re^p roB.v |3n/, 188G. All and live a iple here will leal. I don't as soon r.s - work: We J mother that lie. Tell my Tet my board kcn'OK. 186. I, Canada. [y kind and |e to make it fell, out of , to be more handy. I think I told you in ray last that I had got a beautiful half section. There was a friend of ours over to tea the other Sunday, and he had a span of horses in a conveyance which goes by the name of a Buck'ooard ; he went over our land with myself and wife and daughter. My wife had not up to then seiMi the extent and cpiality of our laud, and this gentleman (a practical farmer), who has a farm only three miles from here, and has a crop of 25 bushels of wheat per acre this year, said I had as good a half secjdon of land as any he had ever seen, viz., 300 acres of good cultivatable land, and the rest excellent grass land and blulTu, not an atom but could be utilised ; and you bet, if I am only blessed with good health and strength, I am going to make the best of it. Tliere wa^ a farmer close to us (Mr. Newlove) who threshed the other day, and he had over 30 busliels of the very finest No. 1 Hard Red Fife wheat to the acre. He has about a doxen praiiie chickens which come around his house, and he makes pots of them. "We have had quite a quantity of them this summer, and also ducks, which I have shot. 1 am thinking, now that I have got through partly with my work preparing for winter, that I will take a day or two rabbit shooting, as there are hundreds in the blulli ; and if I take the trouble of going a few miles from my own land there are larger bhiffs where I could shoot to my heart's content. I think 1 told you in my last what a lot of strawberries there are in this part growing wild, and with a little cultivation we can grow them quite large ; and I find on examining our blulTs that we have a very large quantity of fruit trees ; indetd, I have been in very few blutls this summer but what I have eaten fruit till I was tired. 1 now have the pleasure of eating cherry jam at my tea, of which my wife has made quite a quantity ; and I only wish I could tend you and your wife a jar of it. I have got twenty acres already ploughed and backset and harrowed ready for seed when the snow leaves us. We only got the commencement of winter, with a fall of snow, last week. I can testify that of all parts of the world where I have travelled — the East Indies, the States, and nearly all over England, as well as in Scotland and Ireland — I have never met \\ith such a healthy and invigorating climate as this*. I should never advise any doctors to come out here to follow tlicir profession ; they would have to turn farmers, as one did up to last spring, when he cleared out because his business was too dull, and farming he did not cnre to buckle to. There are all sorts of tradesmen farming in our colony — butchers, bakers, barber (that is myself), grocers, carpenters, and many others. * * * * I find the neighbours very good in lending me anytliing they have which I am short of; but I eicjiect with the result of my fuHt ytar's LTop olf twenty acres, that next year I shall bo enabled to sujiply myself witli many tilings I am wanting just now. * » * « Here we are, wit li one mile in length and half a mile in width of the richest land in the world, barring none, ami no rc7it or taxis (o 2>(('y, ''lo coal or gas bills, as ice Imrii itoiil, anil coid oil is cheap enough, and pleiil;/ of icood is to be had in the bluffs for the fdcliinj. Jl'c can pnducc all u:,; vanl with the cxceptimi of a few groceries, such as tea, cufi'cc, and sugar. Jf'e can raise our ouii flour, meal, barley, luruijis, spring and . {Should a is plenty of here is very Is him both I rabbits are Mi^ Thomas Pahkix.son, w.-r.;.. , «^ states :^I .,3 a printer " t , "°"' ^-^-.k^h :""^^' «-- "K ^I^-ITcssion, and settled ir,l England, but left o ^'7 ^-tered .ytl fj^ ^/'-ada. ^ IS^/ / --"J of the financial ;; Government free homeste'ad If """ ''^''''^ ^^ the coltn '" ^^'''''''^^' a"d fyoo U300). The son I a' b, .7 '""^ °^ ^20 a^s Tr^^' '"^ ^^^ up ;^»^ oats. I have this year HSS^^ . ^''"^' *^« ^^et in d'. ^ "' '^ '^« ^^^'^e o^ ^> besides which,'l I ?« IVtlf • "^ '' ^^^^^^ "0 te"'' V'^^ ^^-if b;«^ts. on.ons, &c. Climate Ll T^'' '^'''''' cabba J ' ' ,'°'^ "^ ^^^^toes ;^^I='««. Settlers should cTnel '^ ^'''^^^^' "^^«r sick I ^T' ^'^°«' toniatoes' ^"t n.ore suitable cloth „!. u ^'^ *^^ «P""^' tim I;,. ''^^'^ ^^^^^ Brit- -•- en go in fo, ''''"' - be got here. ^1^1:^4^'.^"^ ^^^"'^'^^ S ^« tne best thing a of Gotham, Bristol. Ecriox 20, ADA. saut in the lish beans, Cattle do In winter biys. For y 15 miles deep — one much thf 1 fruits we Any man or w J^anitob " ^''°''"°''' ^'' ^'«Oi)LANi,,s P.O. H=~r5™H "t-s :• =•-■—...« ^"^' °"'- iarm has 100 acre ? "^'^ '-^"^^^e^ children to '''-^^^ ^^^^^ ^^'^ i"gS poultrv an,? f "nder plough al.n in. T Provide for. Vr> fn ■"!'«' arlides at c„' , .'"^ ''"rta..J slates, taking .1. ° ^■°'" °f "«■>, two ' ^"^ "0 likewise. " ^^-^ ^o persons of the right 30 Extract of Letter from Mr. Georoe Bruce, op Gladstone P.O., Manitoba. I have done well in this country, having no capital to start with . I had not five cents when I reached here from Scotland, five years ago. I have worked around and managed to pay for everything, and as soon as I have saved enough to enter upon a quarter section of Canadian Pacific Railway land, I will do so, as I have too little land on my place now for my family of two girls and two boys. I got the patent for my homestead this summer. New comers should bring all the clothing they can get hold of. Leave the sticks at home. Tho following letter is from a genuine Navvy, who had been at work on and off at the extension of the Underground Railway, as he describes it, " for a penny, worth of bread and cheese" : — Vancouver City, British Columbia, Nov. 2Qth, 1886. Capt. Hamilton, Dear Sir, — I have a few facts to tell you, hoping they may be of servicf. to the London boys. Please let them know from me that they would not stay in the smoke if they knew they would be doing a good thing for them" selves if they would skin out, and come here, for I was never in better health and pocket than I air« novr. There is every opportunity for them to get on here, if they do not drink wiJsky. The wages are $2 per day of ten hours, and three square meals every day would soon give them their natural strength and jolly colour, far better than London. 1 mean the single men, no matter what work they have been used to do, except quill drivers — they are no use here. Please tell them from me this is the truth, as I was one of themselves, and do not keep any of them back, but give all a chance — they must take the first that comes ; but if they are not afraid of work, they can come to "Winnipeg.— J. R. REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF LANDS OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. The Canadian Pacific Railway Comiiany offer for sale some of the finest Agricultural Lamlsin Manitoba and the Xorth-West. The lauds belonging to the Company in each township within tliq Railway belt, which extends twenty-four miles IVom each tilde of the main line, will bo dispostil of at prices ranging ii'roin 2 dels. 50 cents (10s. sterling) per acre upwards, according to| location and quality, without any conditions requiring cultivation. Detailed prices of lands can be obt.ained from the Land Commissioner at Winnipeg. These Regulations are substituted for and cancel tliose hitherto in force. TERMS OF PAYMENT. If paid for in full at time of pur(.hasc, a Deed of Conveyance of the land will be given ; I'lil the purchaser may pay one-tenth in caab, and the balance in nine annual instalments, wittl interest at six per cent, per annum payable at the end of each year. Payments may be nnn'i i'' DSTONB P.O., 31 kwith. I had not I. I have worked 76 aaved enough to , I will do BO, as I I and two boys. I liould bring all the een at work on and e3it, "for a penny- Nov. 2Qth, 1886. hoping they may be me that they would Dod thing for them- in better health and to get onhere, if they irs, and three sciuare L and jolly colour, far Bvhat work they have Please tell them from i lot keep any of them lines ; but if they are Land Grant Bonds, which willbeaoceptc'attenpcrcent. premium on their par value and accrued interest. These bonds can be obtained on application at the Bank of Montreal, or at any of its agencies in Canada or the United States. GENERAL CONDITIONS. All sales are subject to the following conditions : — 1. All improvements plaeed upon land purchased to be maintained th., "on until final payment has been made. 2. All taxes and assessments lawfully imposed upon the land or improvt>raeuts to bo I'aid by the jturrhaser. 3. The Company reserves from sale, under these regulations, all mim . .md coal lands ; and lauds containing timber in iit:iininf; tlitrtv-six sections of 040 acres each, wliicli are auaiii siiltdiviilcil inio quarter sections of IfiO acres. Kacti square on tlie land niaj) represents a townsliip of (540 n<:res. A roa, L'7, :U, :;.;. :■■. Nos. 1, ;), 11!, -Jl, L'.">, ;'.,'; alo.ij; the n:ain line, Wiimipt^; to .M.Mihi? Ja»v, sold lo Canada Xorlli-W-^: j.ans,;iO, 3i;,:;i,:it;, L'5, iiV, 31, :;:;. ;;,l uada Xortli-Wcst ics). ined from Agents or Company, idon,E.C ; ther infoi'' Columbia, Company, rsLvd maps Hfttiiij--"'^!^— Th**"*"" 1— ^ •" fi'ii •■ *■ ■ - - ' ' ^'Im Hsfe^il 1 ^mJh T W8 A 4„ ^ m V ^-ir ^w BK ^rtf L '\\ i 4^. r. ^'""dkjtj^. ■i^^, %.^ W /i