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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de r6duction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 NOLIWELUS New Guide TO THE eiTY0F ©UEBEC 'AND ENVIRONS WITH MAP 0F THE CITY. »-> )fc 8th EDITION PUBLISHED BY C. E. HOLIWELL, Army Stationer Opposite Post Office, Quebec 1892. Special Notice C. E. Holiwell has very great pleasure in reminding his friends and patrons that his stock of Stationery, Books, and Bookseller's Supplies of all descriptions, is of the very finest procurable of English, Canadian and American manufacture. He has pride in calling attention to the fact that he is Army and Navy Stationer in parti- cular to His Excellency The Governor General of Canada, an honour he has held without intermission since the Governorship of Sir Edmund Head in 1857. INDEX Ange Gardiea. in lis r's est an ict ti- :a] ut ^ir Basilica Battery, The Grand Beau port Asylum Gacouna Cardinal's Palace Cap a I'Aigle Charlesbourg Village Chateau-Bigot Chateau Richer Chaudl^re Falls Chien d'Or, Maison du Citadel and fortifications. Court House Custom House Drill Hall Drives around Quebec... Dufferin Terrace Durham Terrace Eboulementg, Les English Cathedral Esplanade, The Pairy River Female Orphan Asylum.. Finlay Asylum Institut Canadien Jacques-Cartier River Jeflfrey Hale's Hospital Kamouraska Kent, Duke of— Former residence of Lacrosse Grounds Lake Beauport Lake Calyaire..... Lake St. Charles Lake St. John Railway. Lake St. Joseph Laral University Fishing. Fortifications .-.. Forts at Levis Gaol, Quebec Garrison Club Gates of the City Golden Dog, Legend of the Good Shepherd Convent.... Graving Dock, St. Joseph 72 Harbov, The 50 History 1 Ice Bridge at Quebec 84 Indian Village of Lorette 64 Page 56 19 26 53 7H 24 77 60 61 57 72 16 31 U 50 47 52 8 8 73 11 29 56 45 45 79 31 71 49 30 51 16 44 41 73 44 77 38 49 63 86 66 74 73 24 Literary and Historical Society 41 Page Market Square 18 Martello Towers , ; 47 Masonic Hall 28 Matapedia Valley 76 Metis 79 Montcalm's Headquarters at Beauport 54 Montgomery.— General— Site of house where body laid out.... 30 Montmorency Falls 54 "Monument aux Braves" 70 Monument, Wolfe and Montcalm 15 Morrin College 41 Mount Hermon Cemetery 68 Murray Bay 77 Natural Steps, The 65 Observatory 49 Orleans Island , 69 Ouelle River 77 Palace of the Cardinal 24 Parliament Buildings 48 Place d'Armes 16 Plains of Abraham 67 Pointeau Pic 77 Point Levis 70 Railway Stations 50 Rimouslci. 78 Riviere du Loup 77 Rivi6re Ouelle 77 Sacred Heart Hospital. 44 Saguenay River 76 St. Anne Palls and Shrine 57 St. Briget's Asylum 46 St. Augustin Church 69 St. Charles Lake 66 St. Foye Road 67 St. Jeanne de Neuville 73 St. John's Gate 28 St. Leon Springs 74 St. Louis Hotel , 38 St. Raymond 73 Skating Rjiik 46 Shawinigan Falls.... ., 74 Spencer Wood , , : 48 Tadottsac , 76 Trois Pistoles ,...,.. ''S Union Building 14 Union Club 31 Ursuline Oonvent ., ..,..., w 38 Wolfe's Monument 67 Women's Chiristian Association 41 Woodfield Cemetery 68 Toung Mea's Obristi^n Association 43 In Carti deri\ fyins Cart: frien wliei quin ;'the is les Carti callec were near field; even fortifi Jacqi fort yet Mont 4? 28 76 79 54 30 54 70 15 41 68 77 55 . 49 59 77 24 48 16 67 77 70 50 78 77 77 44 76 67 46 69 66 67 73 28 74 38 73 46 74 48 76 78 14 31 38 67 41 68 43 * HIST9RS • In 1634, Canada was discovered by Jacques Cartier, of Saint-Malo, in France. The name is derived from '' kanata," an Indian v^ord, signi- fying " a collection of huts." In 1635, Jacques Cartier made a second voyage and became friendly vv^ith Donnacona, the chief of Stadacona. vrhere Quebec now stands. Stadacona is Algon- quin, and Tiontirili is Huron, both meaning " the narrowing of the river." The Saint-Lawrence is less than a mile wide opposite the city. Jacques Cartier wintered on the river Saint-Charles, called by him Sainte-Croix. His head-quarters were at the mouth of the little stream " Lairet," near the present residence of Mr. Parke, Ring- field, running into the Saint-Charles, near which, even at this day, can be seen the remains of the ^fortifications then erected by him. In 1641, Tacques Cartier made a third voyage, and built fort at Cap-Rouge, the remains of which may ret be seen, and also visited Hochelaga, now [Montreal. In 1608, Champlain arrived at Stada- — 2 — cona, and, landing his followers, founded the city of Quebec. No satisfactory explanation can be given of the meaning of the word The city has been besieged five different tinujs. In 1629, Champlain was obliged to deliver up the city, himself and followers to Sir David Kirke ; but, by the treaty of Saint-Grermain-en-Laye Canada was restored to France, and Champlain returned as the governor of the colony. In October, 1690, Sir William Phipps appeared before the city and demanded its surrender, which the proud Count de Frontenac haughtily refused. After a harmless bombardment the English fleet retired. In 1711, another English fleet, under Sir Hoveden Walker sailed for Que- bec, but was almost wholly destroyed by a storm in the gulf of Saint-Lawrence. For the last two deliverances the little church in the Lower Town was named Notre-Dame des Victoires. On the 26th June, 1759, Admiral Saunders anchored his fleet and transports, with G-eneral Wolfe and the English army on board, off" the Island of Orleans, then called Isle de Bacchus. The troops landed on the Island on the following day near the church of Saint-Laurent, and march- ed up to the west end, from which they had a view of Quebec, while the French army, under the Marquis de Montcalm, consisting of about 13,000 men, was encamped on the opposite shore of Beauport. G-eneral Moncton, with four battalions, occupied the heights of Levis, from which place he bombarded the city and laid it in ruins. G-eneral Wolfe then crossed to the Mainland to the east of the Rivet Montmorency, atid! on! S^tst July attacked the — 3 — French, and was defeated, with the loss of 182 killed, 650 wounded and 15 missing. After some delay, caused by the illness of Greneral Wolfe, the English fleet sailed up past the city, and, on the morning of the 13th September, Wolfe landed his troops at a place below Sillery, now called Wolfe's Cove, and scaled the heights, dislodging a French guard at the top of the hill, and forming line of battle on the Plains of Abraham, opposite the city, much to the aston- ishment of Montcalm, who had been encamped at Beauport since the defeat of the British on the 31st July, daily expecting another attack. He hastened from there with his army by the bridge of boats across the mouth of the River St. Charles, and, at ten o'clock, both armies were engaged in conflict ; which, in a short time ended in the defeat of Montcalm, who was wounded and carried into the city. Wolfe died on the field victorious, and the spot is now marked by a monument erected to his memory. Montcalm, it is supposed, died and was buried in the Ursu- line Convent. The French army retreated towards Beauport and afterwards to Cap-Rouge, and, on the 18th September, the city of Quebec was surrendered to the English, and General Murray remained as governor, with a garrison force of 6,000 men. The fleet, with Wolfe's body 'on board, sailed for England in October. On the 28th April, in the following year, the French army of about ten thousand men, under De Levis, appeared on the Plains of Abraham and was met by the English, under G-eneral Murray, whose force consisted of about three thousand' men ; sickness anid deatH' having thus greatly* 4 — reduced their numbers. The English were obliged to retire behind the ibrtiiications of the city, but, on the 15th May, an English fleet, under Commodore Saunders, arrived with men and reinforcements, whei^ the Fren«;h army retreated and Canada became an English colony. In 1^75, Quebec was again threatened. Grene- ral Arnold, with a small army of Americans, arrived on the heights of Levis by the Chaudiere valley, and, on the 14th November, landed his forces at Wolfe's Cove, from which they occu- pied Sainte-Foy and St-Eoch. G-eneral Montgo- mery arrived on the 1st December and took command. The garrison of Quebec, under Col. MacLean, consisted of about eighteen hundred men. The governor, Gruy Carieton, under the guidance of Mr Bouchette, the father of the late Joseph Bouchette, in his lifetime Deputy Sur- veyor-General of the Province of Quebec, hastened down from Montreal to do his utmost to place the city in safety. Arnold occupied a house on the south side of the St-Charles river, to the east of Scott's bridge, while Montgomery esiablished himself in Holland House, on the St- Foy road. The American troops were quartered in the suburbs of the city and even in the Intendant's Palace, at the foot of Palace Hill, which was soon reduced to ruins by the fire from the city. On the 31st December, Montgomery advanced, wiih seven hundred men, along Ohamplain street, and came upon a barier at which was a guard. At the approach of the Americans a cannon was fired with deadly effect, killing Montgomery, his two aides and others, causing the immediate dis- a< — 6 — hi s persion of the enemy. Arnold, at the same time, advanced from St. Roch, along St. Charles street, expecting to meet Montgomery at the foot of Mountain Hill, and make a combined assault. Ar- nold occupied the houses on Sault-au-Matelot street, but was ejected by a volunteer officer, Mons. Dambourges. Arnold was wounded and taken to the General Hospital. The American loss in killed and wounded was about a hundred ; four hundred and twenty-six rank and file sur- rendered, and were placed under guard in the Seminary. The remaii^^^^^r continued to occupy St. Roch till the 8th Mi. , when reinforcements arrived from England aud the siege was raiised. Montgomery's body vas iakvi to a house on St. Louis street, formerly an Indian curiosity shop, (having an inscription p, anted thereon, comme- morating the incident^ ncTv rebuilt and occupied by the Chevalier Baillaige, city enfrineer), and aftei wards buried at the foot of the Citadel Hill, from which it was subsequently taken and buried in New York. In 1837, Quebec was in a state of excitement caused by the rebellion of that year. The militia were called out and the city placed under mili- tary rule, but nothing of consequence occurred. One night, however, was hesird a loud ringing of bells, and it was said that the rebels had riien and would sack the place. The cause of all this alarm was, nevertheless, very simple, — the squeal- ing of a pig in the Hotel Dieu Nunnery yard. In the following year, Messrs. Teller and Dodge two American rebel sympathizers, who were im- prisoned, with three others in the Citadel, very cleverly eflfected their escape. Four of them let — 6 — themselves down from the flagstaff bastion, and Teller and Dodge succeeded in passing through the city gates and afterwards reached the United States. In 1832 and 1834, Quebec was visited by that dreadful scourge, Asiatic cholera. In the latter year, the Castle St. Louis was destroyed by fire. On the 28th of May, 1845, the whole of St. Roch was also burnt down, and on the 28th June, in the same year, nearly the greater part of the St. John and St. Louis suburbs suffered a similir fate. By these two fires over $2,000,000 worth of property was destroyed, towards covering which, $400,000 were subscribed in Canada, England and the United States, and $500,000 were received from insui'ance. St. Roch, St. Sauveur and Cham- plain wards have, at several times, been almost wholly swept by conflagrations. In 1881, the greater part of Montcalm and St. John's wards was destroyed by fire, including St. John's church and presbytery. In 1846, in the month of June, the theatre, for- merly the Riding School attached to the Castle of St. Louis, and what is now called the Durham Terrace, was destroyed by fire during a perfor- mance, when the building was crowded, and forty-five persons lost their lives. Quebec has often been the prey of extensive conflagrations. In 1863, the Parliament Houses were ]iurnt down, when a large library and mu- seum were lost. The sittings of the House were t|ien transferred to the church of the Grey Nuns, near Gajlow's Hill, which had not then been consecrated. It, however, also fell a prey to the devouring element, and the sittings were after- — 1 — wards held in the iVCusic Hall in St. Louis street. The Parliament House was afterwards rebuilt in rather a flimsy manner, but was agam destroyed by fire in 1882, and the sittings are now held in the magnificent new structure, on the Grande Allee. Since the year 1867, the date of Confederation, Quebec has been the seat of government of the province of Quebec and the residence of the lieu- tenant governor, whose beautiful place, Spencer Wood, on the St. Louis road, is well worth a visit from the stranger. •n^T^s^z, !■ ©HB ^IIPY The Terrace. Standing on the Terrace, the eastern part of which is called the Durham and the western the Dufferin Terrace, the beholder is presented with a view which surpasses any in any other part of the world. The promenade is about a quarter of a mile in length and gives to the lover of exercise unri- valled opportunities of indulging therein. At the north end of the Terrace is an elevator connecting it with the Lower Town Thither flock in the evening the beauty and fashion of the old capital and few are the cities which can vie with Quebec in the beauty of their women. Erected on it are five kiosks, named respectively Plessis, Frontenac, Lome and Louise, Dufferin, and Victoria, and also one for the use of bands of music in the Summer afternooi^s and evenings. Being at an elevation of over two hundred feet, a magnificent panora- ma stretches beneath one, which at the first coup (T ceil is almost bewildering. The River St.' Law- rence, bearing on its bosom hundreds of vessels of every description, from the tiny canoe, which, from such t height, appears but a speck, to the terraced palace river boat and the huge ocean steamship, flows majestically downward to the sea. Opposite, in the distance, is the town of u oi ml atl fri bl ti] — 9 — Levis, crowning the cliffs higher even than those of Quebec, and where may be seen the three im- mense forts erected by the English government at a cost of $2,900,000, which render an attack from the South an impracticable if not an impossi- ble attempt. Amid the groups of houses are dis- tinguishable churches, convents and schools, while downward is seen the spire of the church of St. Joseph, clustered round by a number of villas and cottages, and, jutting out into the river, the promontory called Indian Point, once dotted by the wigwams of the Mic-Macs, but now inha- bited by French-Canadians. Towards the East is the Island of Orleans, once called the Isle de Bac- chus, from the quantity of wild grapes then so luxurious of growth, but now no more, and again risle des Sorcieres, on account of the bad repute it had gained in reference to evil spirits and ghosts, which, it is said, infested the Island in times past. On either side the St. Lawrence passes onward under the name of the North and the South Channels. On the North shore, forty miles in the distance, frowns Cap Tourment ; while, as the eye follows upwards, along the shore are the villages of St. Anne, (La bonne St Anne, as lovingly called by the villagers) Chateau Richer, L'Ange Gardien and Beau port. Nearly opposite the end of the Island is the indentation, where rush for ever the Falls of Montmorency over the precipice, and from which rises a pillar of fleecy mist. In the rear of all these tower, range after range, the Laurentian Mountains, till their blue summits are lost in the azure of the sky. Beneath lies the Lower Town with its busy crowds. At the mouth of St. Charles is the Custom House, ■Pi!^iff!l!|l|H and, immediately below the Terrace, is the Cham- plaiu Market Hall. Close by it is the church of Notre-Dame des Victoires, built in 1615 by Champlain, called first Notre-Dame de la Victoire, to record the defeat of Admiral William Phipps, in that year ; its present name commemorates also the loss of the English fleet under Sir Hoveden Walker in 1^11. At the foot of the cliffs runs Champlain street, through which, on the 31st De- cember, 1775, Eichard Mongomery endeavored to lead an attack on the city, but met his death at a place close by, now marked by a wooden sign with the inscription *' Here Montgomery fell, 31st December, 1776." Beneath the steps leading from Champlain street to Mountain Hill, called Break-neck Stairs, was discovered, some years ago, the tomb of Champlain. His house was in the vicinity of the church of Notre-Dame des Victoires. Prescott Grate, called after Greneral Prescott, and demolished in 1871, stood at the spot where the city walls are divided close to the foot of the steps. Opposite once stood the Bishop*s Palace, and where the first cemetery was establish- ed ; from which, in late years, have been taken bones and articles of Indian workmanship A few years ago the Parliament Buildings were burnt, and with them a large collection of valuable works. Castle of St. Louis. Turning our eyes citywards, we find a large building, heretofore forming- the outhouses of the Chateau St. Louis, which was erected by Cham- I I ! — 11 Cham- irch of 15 by ictoire, hipps, es also •veden runs St De- ivored death ooden y fell, ading called years f&s in e des eneral it the to the shop's blish- taken A. few )urnt, uable plain in 1660, where the Terrace now is, on the edge of the cliff. It was intended to build a large hotel on this site, but the prospect of carrying out such a scheme is far off. Here the French and English governors resided, under their respective dominations, until its destruction by fire in 1834, at that time occupied by the governor, Lord Aylmer. On the 31st Dec, 1775, on the occasion of the night attack by Montgomery and Arnold, the governor. Sir Guy Carleton, was giving a ball in the Castle, and the officers had to rush to the walls in their ball costume. The garden attached to the Castle, called the Castle G-arden, commonly known as the Lower G-overnor's Garden, is now open to the public and forms part of the Dufferin Terrace ; in it is a masked battery of four guns and two carronades on the Crescent Battery be- neath the Terrace. On the slope towards the Place d'Armes, once stood the Riding School, in connec- tion with the Castle, and afterwards converted into a theatre, and destroyed by fire in June 1846, during a performance, when forty-five persons were burnt to death The Engll«>h Cathedral. On the site now occupied by the English Cathedral, adjoining the Place d'Armes or Ring, which alone separates it from Dufferin Terrace and the site of the old Chateau, formerly stood the ancient church and convent of the Recollet Fathers, which was destroyed by fire in 1796. Before the erection of a Protestant church in r- t ill ■:il — 12 — Quebec, Protestant services were permitted at times by the Recollet Fathers, in their old church. The British «jrovernment took possession of the grounds after the suppression of the Recol- let Order, and at the suggestion of Bishop Mountain, the first Anglican Bishop of Quebec, whose see extended to the Frozen Ocean on the North and to the Pacific on the West, it erected the present Cathedral, which was consecrated in 1804. It is a plain, though substantial structure, in the Roman style of architecture, measuring 135 by 73 feet. It should be visited by tourists, not for its achitectural beauty, but for the splendour or its mural monuraeats, chancel window and elaborate solid silver Communion Service. This latter, which is of exquisite workmanship, and cost ^2,000 sterling, attracted numbers of visitors while on exhibition in London, where it was made by Rundell & Bridge. Together with the altar cloth and hangings of the desk and pulpit, which are of crimson velvet and cloth of gold, and the books for Divine Service, this Communion Plate was a present from King G-eorge III. There is in the tower a very sweet peal of eight bells, of which the tenor bell is about 16 cwt. The church has an exellent organ and a dean and chapter, but neither surpliced choir nor ordinary choral services. The Dean, Rev. Dr. Norman, is also Rector of Quebec and resides in the Rectory situated in the Cathedral grounds. In the chancel is a large marble monument in memory of the Right Rev. Jacob Mountain, first Bishop of Quebec, surmounted by the bust of the first occupant of the see, who procured the erection of the building. The chancel window is a memorial of the third '11 - ''. ' .ijjuiLjLui;u* ^..^uy l l' V I U »i J ! W ' Jl'l)!l!,y ' -IU !W*' -y ' nM^MU ' W » il l' aW II L j»lli W — 13 — Bishop of the diocese, the late Dr Jehoshaphat Mountain. In both design and coloring, it is considered one of the richest pieces of stained glass on the continent. The central portion re- presents the Ascension : the Baptism and Transfig- uration being represented in the side window. On the other side of the chancel from Bishop Jacob Mountain's monument, is that to his successor, Bishop Stewart. Another marble slab commemo- rates the death of the Duke of Richmond and Lennox, while Grovernor-Greneral of Canada, which was caused by hydrophobia, arising from the bite of a pet fox in 1819, and whose body reposes in a vault beneath the church building. Other mural monuments are in memory of Hon. Carleton Thomas Moncton, fiflh son of the fourth Viscount Gralway, and great nephew of the Hon. Brigadier-G-eneral Moncton, who succeeded to the command of the British Army up^n the death of Greneral Wolfe : of the late Lieut. -General Peter Hunter, Lieut.-Governor of Upper Canada and Commander-in-Chief of the forces : of Lieut. Baynes of the Royal Artillery, who lost his life in the great fire of 1866, which destroyed a large portion of St. Roch's suburbs, and of Major Short, whose body was blown into fragments by a premature explosion of gunpowder while he was gallantly fighting a conflagration in the suburbs of St. Sauveur. Overhanging the chancel are the remnants of two old and tattered flags. These are the old colors of the 69th British regiment of foot, deposited here in 1870, by Lieut. Col. Bagot, on the occasion of new colors being presented to the regiment, on the Esplanade here, by H. R. H. Prince Arthur. These warlike standards were — 14 — deposited in the Cathedral with elaborate ceremo- nial attended by a striking military pageant. This is believed to be the only Cathedral on the continent containing British colors. The Grovernor- G-eneral's pew is seen surrounded by curtains, in the north gallery and here have worshipped at va- rious times, a number of members of the Royal Family of England. The pulpit has been occupied by numbers of leading divines, including the late Dean Stanley, Archdeacon Farrar, and several American Bishops. Both the Missionary Bishop of North Dakota, and the learned historian of the American Episcopal Church, Right Rev. William St Ursula, 1675 ; the skull of St. Justus, 16B^>i a piece of the Holy Cross, 1667; a portion of the ' Crown of Thorns, brought from Paris in 1830. Opposite the Chapel is the site of Madame de la Peltrie's house, whereon is now a cut stone building. This is on G-arden street, through which Theller and Dodge passed after their perilous descent from the Citadel towards Hope Gate, and endeavored to procure entrance into the old house now in existence alongside of the Russell House and occupied at present by a dressmaker. It was, at the time of Theller and Dodge, 18;^8, a tavern kept by one Daniel McClory. Two more old-fashioned houses are on the right hand ^ orner, facing the St-Louis Hotel, one a hair- ciressers's establishment, kept by Mr. Williams, and the other a saloon, called the Montcalm Oo*tage. They have undergone some modern- izing touches, but are of the same style of archi- tecture as the two above mentioned. In them it is said Montcalm established his headquarters, and here, probably he discussed v/ith his officers the action to be taken against the enemy, when they appeared on the open field, rather than ^emain entrenched behind the city walls -a decision which proved so fatal to victor and vanquished, and which gained for England the Pprr T^ mmmmmim t ■: i .ill ■iliHIIJlii! ii!i!' I! I I 11 f: 'ill 1 1 V ^**■' — 38 — Dominion of Canada, and lost to the French King what he contemptuously designated " a few acres of snow " On the opposite corner is the Masonic Hall, on the ground flat of which is Mr. R. M. Stocking's office for the issue of tickets by all the railroads and steamship lines in Canada, the United States and Europe. In the same build- ing is the agency of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway. Opposite is the St. Louis Hotel, the best in the city as regards locality and everything else. Adjoi *ng the hotel is the Music Hall. To the East if ' Suilding which was once the residence of the Du'"' of Kent, the father of Her Majes-y, Queen Victoria. In 1^91, ho enlivened the Slite of Quebec society by his dinners and petits soupers, (presided over by the beautiful Madame St. Lau- rent) and which too often attained a doubtful celebrity. When passing down Palace street, the visitor will notice a statue of Greneral Wolfe in a niche in front of the house, at the westerly corner of Palace and St. John streets. This statue carved by the Brothers Cholet for Mr. Hipps, a butcher, then- proprietor of the existing house, was placed by him in the niche, in 17^1. The Albion Hotel is on the right hand side of the street, and directly opposite ; it is an old-fashioned building with the distinguishing thick walls and cavernous vaults of the French era : in this house resided M. Bras- sard Duchesnaux, a druggist, the bosom friend of the infamous Intendant Bigot. — 39 — le French aated " a corner is which is of tickets 1 Canada, me build- 1, Ottawa e best in ling else. . To the residence Majesiy, 1 the ilite its souperSy B St. Lau- doubtfui le visitor I a niche corner of jarved by ler, then- laced by . Hotel is I directly with the as vaults M. Bras- friend of Tlie Hotel-Dieu. On the opposite side of the street, at a short distance, is the entrance to the Hotel-Dieu Con- vent and Hospital, founded in 1639 by the Du- chesse d'Aiguillon, who brought out the Hospi- talieres Nuns and placed them in charge. Prior to the siege of 1759 it was destroyed by fire, and afterwards rebuilt. It consists of a convent and hospital in which patients are treated gratis. At times, the house of these benevolent ladies is filled with unfortunate invalidc, who receive unremit- ting care and attention from the sisterhood. The bones of the martyr, the Rev. Father Gabriel La- lement and the skull of Father Brebceuf, are de- posited in the convent. The entrance to the cha- pel is on Charlevoix street. Some fine paintings adorn the walls, The Nativity Stella. The Virgin and Child Noel Coypol. Vision of St. Th6r6se Geul Managot St. Bruno in Meditation Eustache LeSueur. The Descent from the Cross Copy by Plaraondon. The Twelve Apostles Copy by Baillarge the elder. The Monk in prayer De i^urbaran. Congregational Chare li. Opposite the entrance to the Hotel-Dieu is the Congregational (Protestant) Church, a plain build- ing seating about 600, erected in 1840, but which is now occupied by the Salvation Army as bar- racks. w: '"mF m — 40 — St-Patiick'i Church. lu the adjoining street (McMahon) is Saint- Patrick's Church, erected in 1832, under the ministration of the Redemptorist Fathers. It has bee;i enlarged aud greatly improved, by fres- coeing the walls and ceilings A magnificent organ has also been erected. Attached to it is the Presbytery, and in rear of it is the St-Patrick's Catholic Literary Institute, founded in 1852. In front of the Church an extensive schoolhouse has been erected, and is also under the control of the Redemptorist Fathers. Miii! Trinity Chapel. The Trinity Chapel (Episcopal), in St-Slanislas street, was for some years used by the military, and was closed after the withdrawal of the troops, but is now again open for Divine Service. •m hh :!1. The niethodiit Church. At the top of the same hill is the Methodist Church, erected in 1850, in flamboyant style of architecture. It seats about 1,600. MM St-Andrew'§ Church. Close at hand is St- Andrew's Church, built in 1810 and enlarged in 1821. It accommodates 1,500 persons. A manse and schoolhouse are attached. li^iH — 41 — Saint- r the It has fres- ilicent is the trick's 2. In Be has of the ITIorriii ColU^f^c. In a building, which was formerly the district gaol, erected in 1814, at a cost of $60,000, is the Morrin College, which was founded by the ma- gnificent endowment of the late Dr. Morrin of Quebec, in 18G0, incorporated by Provincial Act of Parliament in 1861, and opened in November, 1862. It is affiliated with McGill University of Montreal. Its faculty of Divinity is in connection with the Church of Scotland. The late Mr. Justice Aylwin presented it with his valuable Law Library. nislas litary, roops, The Literary and Historieal Society. This Society, which was founded by Lord Dalhousie in 1824, has its rooms in Morrin Col- lege. It has a large library and an extensive mu- seum, and is in a flourishing condition. lodist yle of Initltut Canadleii. This Society is in a building on Fabrique street and has a large roll of members. ilt in 1,500 ched. The Women'i Chrfillan A§§oclatio:i Is situate on St. Ann street, nearly opposite Morrin College ^lourt. Pi mam — 42 — : i| liiii Wi'l : i! iiit il! IP fflii The High School. The Quebec High School is a handsome build- ing, situate in St. Denis street, at the foot of the G-lacis, stretching downwards from the Citadel. It was established in 1845, and many of the lead- ing men of the city have received their education within icS walls. €halmer§' Church In St. Ursule street, built after the Grothic style, was erected in 1852. It seats about 900 persons. This church was the scene of the Gavazzi riot» which took place in 1859, and was the cause of much embitterment between the E.oman Catho- lics and Protestants of the city, happily long since subsided. The Baptist Church Is a small building in MacMahon street, opposite the entrance to the Artillery Park, and was erect- ed in 1854. The French Protestant Church Is a pretty little church situated in St. John street, without, and was erected in 1876. — 48 — build- of the Itadel. J lead- cation ; style, arsons, i riot» use of Datho- loug posite erect- John St. Matlie^v'i Chapel, Episcopal Is also situate in St. John street, erected in the English burial ground, which has long since been closed. St. Matthew's is built after the Go^^hic style, and is tastefully ornamented in its interior. During the past few years it has been considerably enlarged and a steeple added thereto. There is another Episcopal chapel, St. Peter's, in St. Valier street, St. Roch, and the Mariners Cha- pel on Champlain street, as also a Scandinavian Chapel. Church and Convent of ihc Orey Sisteri. This church is situate in St. Olivier street, but it is so hemmed in by the other buildings of the sisterhood that it is hardly discernable. On the occasion of the burning of the Parliament Build- ings, several years ago, the sittings of the Cham- bers were held in this church, or were about to be held, when it, too, fell a prey to the flames, and Parliament was removed to the Music Hall. Grave suspicions were entertained at the time as to the causes of these two conflagrations. Young Men's Christian Association. Immediately outside St. John's Gate is the Young Mens' Christian Association building, tho lower part of which is let as shops. In it are a library, reading room and lecture hall. The build- ing is open to the public. — 44 — m JeltlrGy Hale Hospital Is situated opposite the Convent of the G-rey Sisters, and was founded by the late Jeffrr y Hale, Esq., who passed his life in doing good. It is under the direction of a board of Governors. The Cliristiuii Rrothers' School Is situate on G-allows' Hill, and has a very large attendance, at a nominal rate of charges. liC Bon Pastec.r and other Religious E§tabli§hnient§. The Church and Hospital of Le Bon Pasteur is situate on Lachevrotiere strt»et. It is a refuge for fallen women and a school of reform. St. John's Church in the ward of that name has been rebuilt on the old foundations, it having been destroyed by fire. Its interior is nearing completion. In St. Roch, there are two Catholic churches, the Parish Church and the Church of the Con- gregation, under the ministration of the Jesuits, both situate in St. Joseph street, in which also are several schools for the instruction of girls. In St. Sauveur, there are the Parish Church and the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes and large schools. The Hospital of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is situate near the River St. Charles, in St. Sauveur. — 46 — The Bellevue Convent is situate at St. Foy, and the Convent of Jesus-Marie at Sillery. The Finlay Asylum, of Grothic architecture, is situate on St. Foy road, just outside the toll-gate, and is a home for aged and infirm Protestants. On the Grrande Allee, near the toll-gate, are three benevolent institutions : the Ladies' Protes- tant Home, of the Church of England ; the Female Orphan Asylum, and St. Bridget's Asylum, near which is St. Patrick's Cemetery, now closed to interments. Another B,oman Catholic Church, Notre-Dame de la G-race, is at Cape Blanc. The Hartne HoipUal. This magnificent building is situate on the banks of the St. Charles, in the northern part of St. Roch's suburbs. It is built after the Ionic style of architecture, and is said to be an imitation of the temple of the Muses on the Eiver Illissus, near Athens. Its site is on the place called la Vacherie, on the opposite side of the river on which Jacques Cartier met Donnacona in 1535. The foundation stone was laid in 1832 by Lord Aylmer, then Governor of Lower Canada, and the building was completed in 1834, at a cost of nearly $100,000. It has accom ^odation for over six hundred patients. It is soleiy for the use of mariners and immigrants. It has been closed siace 1891, having been purchased by a religious community. — 46 — Tlic Oonerul II«»MpitHl. The General Hospital is one of the finest insti- tutions of the kind in Canada or the States. It is situate on the South bank of the St. Charles, not far from the Marine Hospital. The buildings are extensive, and, with the gardens, cover a large area. It was founded by Monseig '^\t de St. Valier, second Bishop of Quebec, as ai. ^©ylum for incurable diseases. In 1692, it was placed under the charge of the Hospitalieres Nuns, who, in 1751, constituted a separate body from their sisters of the Hotel-Dieu. Near the General Hospital is a windmill of a most old fashioned order. It was a protection as a fort to the Convent. On the opposite side of the river are immense vaults, used at the time of the French for storing provisions. The ISkating Rink. Just outside the city walls, on the Grande Allee, is the Quebec Skating Rink, supposed to be the finest on the Continent. It was finished in 1877, and opened in the Winter of that year by the Lieutenant-Governor, Letellier de St-Just, on the occasion of a grand fancy dress ball, several of which are usually given during the season ; but, owing to its site being required to enlarge the grounds of the Parliament House, it was lately taken down, with the intention of rebuild- ing it a little further out on the opposite side of the street. Lately these improvements have been made, and a handsome skating rink erected on the West . side of the Grande Allee. — 47 — The Drill Hall and the Oruiidc AlK'e DrUr. insti- That large and very handsome structure with a decidedly military appearance, on the opposite side of the road from the Parliament House, and a few hundred feet further away from the city, is the new Drill Hall, erected jointly by the Federal government and city corporation, for the use of local military organizations. The main road here, though really a continuation of St. Louis street, preserves its old French name of Grande Allee. It was widened and newly paved in blocks in 1888-89. The drive out by this road and in by the Ste. Foye, is one of the most beautiful and most deservedly popular in the vicinity of Quebec. Upon the Grrande Allee, are the prettiest and most modern of Quebec's to vv^n residences, while after passing the toll gate and the Plains of Abraham, the tourist obtains glimpes of the country seats of our leading merchants, and splendid panoramic views of the stately St. Lawrence, on the one side, on the other, of the fertile valley of the St. Charles, with its background of blue Lauren tian mountains on the gentle ascents of which stand out the pretty French Canadian villages of Charlesbourg and Lorette. The Famous Martello towers are seen before leaving the city, but a better view of these and also of the famous battlefield, which decided the fate of half a continent and upon which fell Wolfe and Montcalm, both mortally wounded, may be had by taking a morning stroll, along the beau- tiful Cove fields at the brink of the cliffs over- looking the magnificent St Lawrence. But Jet us for the present continue our drive. 11 - 48 - Less than two miles from the city we pass Spencer Wood, the official residence of the Lieutenant- Groveruor of the Province of Quebec, and lormerly that of the G-overnor-G-eneral of Canada. Its pre- sent occupant, the Hon. A. R. Angers, is one of the most popular Grovernors Quebec has ever had. He has been both Judge and leader of the pro- vincial government, and is a well-known patron of literature and the arts. The residence is approached by a lengthy drive through a forest avenue, reminding one of the estate of an English nobleman. The beauty of its situation, overlooking the St. Lawrence and the opposite shore, and affording a splendid view of Cape Diamond and the Citadel of Quebec, might well be deemed un- approachable, did not the environs of the city present so many scenes of great and surpassing loveliness. Royalty, -in the person of the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, the late Duke of Albany, and the Princess Louise, has frequently been en- tertained at Spencer Wood, of which grateful retreat Lord Elgin used to say that there he not only loved to live,, but would like to rest his bones. Adjoining the gubernatorial abode is the picturesque and elegant estate of J. M. Le Moine, F. R. S. C , a historian of Quebec. The Departmental Buildings. The Departemental Buildings are on the north side of the Grande Allee, and form a magnificent pile. They are constructed in the modern style of architecture, are four stories in height, with a \lL pencer enant- rmerly ts pre- one of r had. le pro- patron ice is forest nglish )oking 3, and d and :;d un- e city assing Prince [e and bany, n en- ateful le not st his is the loine, — 49 — mansard roof and towers at each corner. They are used as the Parliament House for the Province of Quebec, and all offices of the G-overnment connect- ed with the Province. They rank amongst the finest buildings on the continent. The ventila- tion and drainage are good, being much superior in those respects to the buildings at Ottawa. Being erected on almost the highest part of the city, the view from the main tower and upper stories is unrivalled. Liacrosso Grounds. To the right of the Grande Allee is a large enclosure appropriated by the lovers of lacrosse ; several clubs devoted to this game are in the city. The Observatory. At a short distance further out, on the Plains of Abraham, is the Quebec Observatory. north icent style ith a [ <|uebec Oaol. On the Plains of Abraham is a massive build- ing, the Quebec Q-aol. — 50 — The Harbor. The Harbor Improvements are at the mouth of the St. Charles river and are well worth a visit. They are being constructed at the expense of the Dominion Government and comprise an immense wharf running from the Gas House Wharf into the St. Lawrence, where another wharf c':nnects it with the old Commissioners' Wharf, thus en- closing large docks lor shipping. The Custom House. Near the Commissioners' Wharf is the Custom House, a fine building of Doric architecture, built of cut si one, the portico of which fronts the St. Lawrence, with steps leading down to the water's adge. It was built in 1854, consumed by fire in 1864, and shortly afterwards rebuilt. Grand Trunk and other Railivay Stations. In the vicinity is the Grand Trunk Railway Station, whence the Ferry Steamer leaves for the station, on the Levis side of the river. The same ferry conveys passengers to the Intercolonial station at Levis. Passengers by the Quebec Central railway cross the river by the Quebec and Levis ferry boats. The Canadian Pacific and the Lake St. John Rail- way Stations are situated in St. Paul Street, near the foot of Palace hill at the Palais harbor. It is 51 lUth of visit, of the mense rf into nnects as en- lustoin !, built fhe St. vater's fire in >n§. lilway for the 3 same )lonial y cross boats. 1 Eail- t, near It is intended to have a station of the Canadian Pacific Railway built on the Commissioneib' Wharf at deep water. The €iate§. Much that is interesting and ancient in Quebec has in the last few years disappeared. The old gates, which excited the wonder and curiosity of the traveller, have been levelled, and the fortifi- cations, and walls of the city, which then bristled with cannon and were patrolled night and day by vigilant sentinels, have changed their warlike appearance to peaceful promenades. St. Louis and St. John's gate were the most ancient, having been erected in 1694 and rebuilt in 1791. The former has given place in our days to the Dufferin gate and its former zigzag approaches straightened to a broad thoroughfare. St. John's gate, which had formerly but one narrow archway, was also demolished and rebuilt in 1865. Kent Gate was built to ornament a new thoroughfare through the city walls. Palace gate was also erected under the French domination, and was razed in 1791 by the English and replaced in 1831 by a hand- some gate with three arches, which has now also disappeared. Hope gate was built in 1786 by Col. Hope, then commandant of the forces and administrator. It was also demolished in 1874. Prescott gate was erected in 1787 and has follow- ed the fate of the others In 1827, under the administration of the Earl of Dalhousie, were erected on the citadel the Dalhousie and the Chain gates. ■■■a ml ■ I I m m - 52 - Tlie Drive around <|uebec. The environs of Quebec abound in the most delightful scenery, and the roads in the vicinity of the city are amongst the finest upon the conti- nent. The drives are all comparatively short, averaging about nine or ten miles, and over such good roads that one never feels tired. The scenery all along the road is pretty and interesting, and full of graceful variety. Among the principal drives may be mentioned the drive to Montmoren- cy Falls, and the Natural Steps, — the latter no one should miss on any account, — the Falls of Lorette, the Falls of Ste. Anne and the Chaudiere Falls. Few persons ever go to see the Fortifications at Levis, and yet they are well worthy of a visit. Then there is the old ruin of Chateau Bigot, the haunt of one of the most notorious of scoundrels, as well as the worst of Intendants. Chateau Richer is on the way to Ste. Anne's and though the distance is a trifle lengthy, the road goes through such a lovely section of country that one does not mind the length much. Lovers of lake scenery cannot do better than spend a few hours at the beautiful lakes of St. Charles and Beauport. — 53 — ©HE GnYII^ONS. the most e vicinity the conti- jly short, over such le scenery sting, and principal )ntmoren- ter no one )f Lorette, iere Falls, nations at 3f a visit. Bigot, the 50undrels, Chateau d though •oad goes r that one rs of lake ^w hours Beauport. It can be said of Quebec that the environs are not surpassed or even equalled in romantic beauty, or picturesque wildness. One may take any standpoint in the city, and before him is a glorious panorama ; and at the end ot nearly every street one may see a delightful vista. Beauport A§yluin. Leaving the city and crossing the river St. Charles by Dorchester bridge, the visitor will drive along the Beauport road and within two miles reach the Beauport Asylum, founded in 1865 by Drs. Morrin, Douglas and Fremont, with the pro- mise of the support of Lord Metcalfe and his Grovernment. Since that time, the establishment has been vastly increased and improved ; there being the principal building, having two wings, another building separate from the main, and a sort of villa structure for convalescent patients. There are now over 200 inmates within its walls. After passing the asylum, the village of Beauport may be said to commence, and its houses and cot- tages line the road for five miles, ending only at the river Montmorency. On the site of the village, or rather between it and the beach, was fought the battle of the 31st July, 1758, between the English and French, in which the latter were victorious and the former lost 182 killed and 665 - 54 — wounded and missing. The headquarters of Montcalm were to the right after passing over the stream, but the Manor House, in which they were established, was burnt a short time ago. After the taking of Quebec, the English avenged themselves by sacking and firing, not only the village of Beauport, but alpo the villages of L' Ange G-ardien, Chateau Richer, St- Ann and Bale St-Paul and destroying all the crops in the country round. After the destruction of the old Manor House, a plate was found on the corner stone with the following inscription in Roman capitals : " L'an 1634, le 29 juillet, j'ai ete plantee premiere, P. C. GriFART, seigneur de ce lieu. " Above it were the letters I H. S. and also M. J. A., representing the names Mary, Joseph and Anne. Beneath it was a heart with three stars and a smaller heart rever- sed. This plate is in the possession of Mr. Herman Ryland who has built a residence on the site of the old Manor House. lljijliiif,! Iiiiii'iiyl The Fall§ <>f Montmorency. The falls of Montmorency may be seen either from above or below. To view them from below, the visitor must descend what is called the Zig- zag Hill, which passes through Mr. Hall's pro- perty, and in doing so the visitor is reminded that the residence thereon was once occupied by the Duke of Kent, the father of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. On reaching the foot of the hill we can pass along the beach, til! we arrive, as it were, almost , underneath the avalanchfe of a sort of drizzling shower, and through which. i ^ MW i>i » i n i '" i -iinniwn« « p» i^ i i B^MW — 55 — larters of jsing over hich they time ago. i avenged only the jf L'Ange ie St-Paul ry round, or House, with the 8 : " L'an jre, P. C. were the nting the I it was a irt rever- Herman IQ site of m either n below, the Zig- U's pro- eminded occupied Majesty the hill rrive, as mche of which, if the sun be shining, the brightly hued rain- bow can be seen bathing its colors in the frenzied cataract. Thv> body of water which, from the height of 250 feet leaps its precipice, passes, it is said, through a subterranean passage, and rises in a tumultuous manner near the end of the Island of Orleans, gaining the name of Le Taureau ; by boatmen considered a dangerous spot. The view above the Falls is taken from the opposite side, the visitor passing over the Montmorency Bridge, then through a field oppo- site the Hotel and for which a charge is made, and down a stairway to a platform, which directly overlooks the Falls. The mad turbulence of the water and the deafening roar, which over seems to increase, is almost bewildering, and the dizzy height at which one is placed causes a certain amount of uneasiness and sense of danger. There is wildness all round, the high cliffs with over- hanging trees and bushes and the violence of the rapids rivet the imagination with resistless fascination. On both sides of the river are the remnants of two towers, between which was suspended a bridge, which fell nearly forty years ago, carrying with it an unfortunate countryman, his wife, child, horse and vehicle, whose remains were never afterwards discovered. The Statural Steps. A by-way road through the fields leads the visitor to the Natural Steps, which by some, are considered the grandest feature of the scene. Nothing more wild and weird can be imagined — 56 — 'I'..''* than this mad river with its perpendicular preci- pices on each side, clothed with tufts of shrub- bery, and whose summits are fringed with over- hanging pines, which watch, as it were, on the threatening waters, now leaping over huge rocks and forming furious cascades, anon seething, moody, silent pools, whose blackness makes night look pale. Here the waters eddy round in ever- quickening circles, raising in their wrath bubbles and froth to the surface, and suddenly leaping onwards beneath the overhanging cliffs Where the visitor stands, shady nooks, hidden in ferns and wild plants, invite to rest, while the peculiar formation of the rocks serves as tables for pic-nic collations. In the Summer, these Natural Steps are the resort of pleasure parties, and the follow- ers of Izaak Walton can tempt from the angry torrent the most delicious speckled trout. Near by is the Fairy River, which mysteriously disappears beneath the earth and again as myste- riously re-appears. It is also called I'Eau Tenue. JL'Angre Oardien. The village of I'Ange Grardien is about four miles beyond Montmorency, and as above stated, was destroyed by Wolfe's soldiery, after the battle of Beauport in 1^59. There are some good trout fishing streams at a short distance ; and, in the Autumn, snipe and partridge shooting. srss 57 — liar preci- of shrub- dth over- re, on the lUge rocks seething, ikes night i in ever- h bubbles y leaping I Where 1 in ferns 3 peculiar brpic-nic ral Steps le folio w- \ie angry teriously is myste- i Tenue. )ut four stated, e battle d trout in the Chateau Richer. This village is about five miles further down. In the fruit season, the orchards of TAnge Gardien are so laden that along the road the green color of the trees in hidden by the purple of the plum and the roseate hue of the apple. At about four miles distance to the south of Chateau Richiir, are the bt^autiful Falls called Sault a la Puce, which are not only enchanting in their scenery, but abound in trout. The Cha- teau Richer beach is famous as a snipe ground, and in September and October numberless sports- men make good bags. The Shrine and Falli of SI. Anne. At the distance of about twenty miles below Quebec is the village of Ste. Anne de Beaupre, sometime called Ste. Anne du Nord, and always La bonne Ste. Anne, to whom is consecrated the parish church, erected about sixteen years ago by the Pope into a shrine of the first order. There is a fine painting by the famous artist LeBrun, " Ste. Anne and the Virgin, " presented by M. de Tracy, viceroy of New-France, in 1666, to the church, for benefits received. The festival day of this saint is the 26th of July, at which time thousands of pilgrims proceed not only by steamer rail and carriage, but on foot, to this holy shrine ; many walking the whole distance from Quebec as a penance, or in performance of vows. The church is a new building, the old one having been found too small for the accommodation of 58 — :»'; ,>■ m the crowds of pilgrims who resort thither. In it art? placed thousands of crutches left by those who departed after being curod of lameness and other maladies by the Bonne Ste. Anne, whose praises are world-wide ; for here congregate thousands of pilgrims from all parts of the conti- nent to be cured of their infirmities. Deposited in the sanctuary is a holy relic, a finger bone of the saint herself, on kissing which the devotee is immediately lelieved of all worldly ills and mis- fortunes. Wonder begins and misbelief vanishes on gazing at the piles of crutches ; there one beholds unmistakeable evidence of the unlimited medicinal powers of the mother of the Virgin. Daily are tho proofs of this power manifested ; the visitor can si'e with his own eyes the decrepit, the halt, the sore, the lame, the wounded carried into the sanctuary and depart therefrom, after kissing the holy relic, cured and whole. Many are the scenes here witnessed of the despairing* filled with renewed hope and the feeble and faint glad again with strength and health. Countless are the anecdotes ofthe hopelessly blind and lame returning to their friends with sight and firm limbs, leaving behind them their bandages and crutches. J Incredulity vanishes before such evi- dence, and the sceptic leaves the shrine of Ste. Anne with conviction deeply settled in his soul. Within the last two or three years, pilgrim par- ties have been made up in different parts of the province, and arrive in Quebec, either by train or steamboat, and then proceed by the regular boats to Ste. Anne, where they pass the day and return in the evening. Some of these pilgrims prefer the road, and either hire vehicles or drive — 59 — 3r. Ill it by those mess and le, whose mgregate ;he coiiti- Deposited r hone of Levotee is and mis- vanishes here one inhmited 3 Virgin, nifested ; decrepit, d carried Dm, after i. Many espairing* and faint Blount less and lame and firm ages and juch evi- e of Ste. lis soul. rim par- •ts of the by train regular day and pilgrims or drive down in the omnibuses, of which there are two, or three, competing lines. A well-managed line of railway affords good accommodation for travellers. Within three miles of the village are the Falls of Ste. Anne, which consist of seven cascades » the waters of one pass through a chasm which can be leaped by those of strong nerves and sinews, but powerful as Ste. Anne is, and devoted as she is to miracles, it is doubtful whether even she could save the unfortunate who should miss his leap and be plunged into this chasm. The fishing above and below the Falls is very good for salmon and trout, and the scenery is of that wild description generally characteristic of the Laurentian Range. I«ilaiicl of Orlcanti. The Island of Orleans, or the Isle de Bacchus, as it was at first called, or Minego by the Indians, or Isle des Sorcieres by the credulous, is reached by ferry from Quebec, as soon as navi- gation opens, and is a favorite summer retreat of Quebecers. Its historv is replete with stirring events. Wolfe took possession of it in 1759, and his troops ransacked it from end to end. The villages of St-Pierre, St-Famille, St-Jean, St- Laurent and St-Frangois are all flourishing, and their churches date from the old times, or have been replaced by modern edifices. A steamer called the '* Orleans " runs daily between Quebec and the Island forj the convenience of strangers. The views of Quebec and the Falls, in fact of If 1) I :::'l '''- ;n,i;ii*j n lis"':' — 60 — delightful walks and drives through the woods and along the beach are a constant source of pleasure. Cliarlefibourg;. Leaving Dorchester Bridge by the left, the first place of interest is Ringfield, the residence of Mr. Parke not far from which Jacques Cartier wintered with his three vessels. " La Grande Hermine, " " La Petite Hermine, " and " L'Eme- rillon, " from 15th September, 1636, until 6th May, 1636, and which place he named Ste-Croix, having erected in the vicinity a high cross as a sign of possession by the King of France, a painting of which is to be seen in the picture gallery of the Laval University. A few years ago, some remains of Jacques Cartier's vessels were found, and at the present day are easily discernible the mounds and earthworks thrown up by the little army of brave adventurers. About two miles from the Bridge is the Grros Pin Cemetery, set apart in 1847 for the immi- grants and others who died in the hospitals of fever and other contagious diseases. At the distance of four miles, on the same road, is the beautiful village of Charlesbourg, in whose centre is the parish church At the time of the siege C ario&uourg was the refuge of the priests es and non-com- batants of the city, of the . and of deans and the different villages of the iVort'i Shore, whose houses had been pillaged, and whose substance had been destroyed. — 61 r- A convent erected by the late Mr. Muir, for- merly Clerk of the House of Assembly, is near Charlesbourg, where instruction is giv^'n to young children. B immi- Chateau Bigot. To the east of Charlesbourg, at a distance of about four miles, is Chateau Bigot, or Beauma- noir, as it is sometimes called, or otherwise " the Hermitage ; " the romantic history of which is somewhat as follows : — At the foot of La Montague des Ormes are the ruins of Chateau Bigot, ruins which can now but faintly give an idc*a of what the original building was, of its grandeur, of its extent, of its secret passages, or its form. Two gables and a centre wall, or rather the remnants of them, are visible, and from the fact of there being a sort of clear- ance, now partly overgrown, we may presume that there was a garden. Ensconced in the midst of a forest, on one of the slopes of the Laurentides, are these relics of the past and one cannot but be impressed with deap melancholy as his eyes rest upon this deserted spot and his ^ancy re- peoples the shattered halls and chambers with the giddy and guilty throngs which once crowded them. History has given some few indistinct data, and imagination has done the rest for this story of the past. The Intend ant Bigot, whose profligacy and extravagance were unlimited, and whose rapa- city supplied his requirements, constructed this castle in the wilds of the mountains, and WF — 62 — n ? . i^ mi m: iiiMJjiiii'i:.: ■! hither, with companions as graceless as himself, he was wont to adjourn to indulge in every ex- cess of dissipation. The Intendant was a man fond of held sports, and the chateau was the head-quarters of his hunting expeditions. It is said that on one of these he lost his way, and met a young Algonquin squaw of singular beau- ty, who led him to the chateau and being induced to enter its walls, its strong doors were closed against her egress, and she remained there a pri- soner either to love or to fate. But the Intendant was a man of mark in the colony, a man to satisfy the longings of any ambitious girl who might wish for power, and such a one there was in the city of Quebec, who was determined to have the Inten- dant as her lord, that she, as wife, might rule in New France, and punish those who had slighted her. Such a one, it is said by Mr. Kirby, in his historical romance, " The Grolden Dog," was Angelique Des Meloises ; and she had heard of the Indian maid at Beaumanoir. Murder is a trifle to such natures as hers, wholly absorbed by ambition ; one night a piercing cry was heard echoing through the halls and corridors of Beau- manoir, and Caroline, the unhappy Algonquin, was found stabbed and dead. Not long since was to be seen her gravestone in a vault of Beau- manoir, with but the letter C engraved thereon. It is said that the unhappy Caroline was not of . full Indian race, but that her father by marriage, was an officer of high rank in the army of France Such is the story, not the first nor the last, con- nected with this place, which has been replete Tvith guilt and caused much sorrow. Mr. An^edee Papineau and Mr. Marmette, in — 63 — his romance, " L'Intendant Bigot, " have given sketches of the tale. Ascending the hill, in rear of the ruins of ihe Chateau, the visitor will be recompensed by a magnificent view. To the west of the valley of the St-Charles, to the south the city of Quebec and the town of Levis, and to the east the Island of Orleans, the villages of Beauport, I'Ange-Gar- dien. Chateau-Richer, St- Anne, and the river St- Lawrence, for the distance of nearly one hundred miles, presenting a panorama of incomparable beauty. Lake Beauport. Continuing along the Charlesbourg highway, after leaving the village, for about four miles, we turn into a less macadamized, but much more de- lightful, road. The sweet smell of the woods is welcome, the song of birds hastens you on, and the wild, uncultured country charms you, till you ieel in an ecstasy with the whole scene : when suddenley you arrive at an opening in the forest, ana a fairy lake, surrounded by high mountains, appears before you, and ere your wonder has had perfect consciousness you are driven up to the Lake Beauport Hotel, a country house with a ve- randah in front, and gardens of flowers and kit- chen vegetables in rear, where fishing rods lean lazily against the gable, and baskets of speckled trout, wrapped carefully in cooling leaves, are placed in shady nooks, and trim country lasses come to relieve you of wraps and impedimenta ; and the glorious lake shines before you like a silver shield, and you imagine that fairy boats are glid * ,! '!i^« : ,( 'i ill. — 64 — ing on its bosom : but thev simply contain happy people like yourself who have come out to enjoy this sans souci in the wood, this nepenthe sunong the mountains, this dolcefar niente on the bosom of a lake, where the flies never bite, the fish ever rise» and little black-eyed gamins paddle you around in canoes just for a Fong. Go out with your rod, look at the towering mountains and the woodland nooks and shady little coves, where trout jump about like sprites, and come back with a basket- ful, and have your dinner at the cottage hotel with wild strawberries and cream, and then re- turn to town and say what you think of Lake Beauport. Liorette. A The Indian village of Lorette is nine miles from town, and can be reached by the Charles- bourg road, turning off" to the left at the village of Charlesbourg, or by the Little River road, which divides at Scott's Bridge, one branch going by the north and the other by the south side of the River St. Charles, or the Cabir Coubat of the olden time, both rejoining at the distance of about three miles. On the south branch is the French Catholic cemetery, and beyond is the St. Charles racecourse. Lorette is situated on a hill, down which rushes the River St. Charles, forming in the centre of the village the charmingly beautiful Falls of Lorette. A walk has been made, in a highly artistic manner, through the most strik- ing parts of the vicinity, so that all the beauties of these Falls can be admired. It has more the 65 .- character of a cascade, and there are delightful pieces of scenery above and below, and the river itself is a wild torrent, from which at one time salmon were taken. In the eastern part of the village reside the remnants of the once powerful Huron tribe, now either coalesced with the Fiench, or rapidly disappearing. A walk through this village brings the young savages out by scores, the youthful chiefs desiring to shoot for coppers and the forest maidens offering tobacco pouches, knife sheaths and all sorts of Indian work, some of which are very beautiful, and if bargained for property can be had at a cheap rate, for they always ask high prices, but take their real value. On a Sunday it would be difficult to tell a squaw from a French-Canadian, were it not for the dark eyes, olive complexion and straight hair. The Minnehahas of to-day love their silks and satins and last fashions as well as any demoiselle from the city. Their houses are con- structed in modern style and furnished neatly. To the North of the village, passing through the Indian portion, you proceed to what is called the Aqueduct. It is the reservoir from which the city of Quebec is supplied with water. Take a canoe and paddle up this fairy river, for it is full of lovely spots, where water sprites and naiads would delight to dwell. Under arches of drooping boughs you glide, and smothered with the delicious aroma of pine and fir trees, your ears ringing with the songs of birds, you press ever forward to see if there is no end to the enchantment, and, if a lover of the rod, you whip up the stream and hook the golden 6 I :i I It ll: i^ '.IB. -J I ,» l