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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »• signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la rn^thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 N Puhl(she< 7 CANADA. M^VXITOBA AND Tllli NORTH-WEST. NOTES OF A VISIT By Mr. (;. A. rinxci.K. otAAiiedou, Tyrunc Co., Ireland. OTTAWA. Puhh'shedh// the Dc/xuinir.nt of Ai:'ricfe/)artm'.;il of AgrimUure, ) Ottawa, May I88i 1 i MAI In belie as th plus view price; diffic: sale t this. ascer for ll- couni NOTES OF A VISIT TO MANITOBA AND THE NORTH WEST TERRITORY ZVMr. C. a. '^RINCil.E, of CaL-iioH, lyrcott; Co., Irdand. Invicvf of the present unsatisfactory state of affairs in Ireland, and believing as I do, that there can be no satisf;ictory settlement so long as three millions of people depeiid entirely for subsistence on the sur- plus tif any) which remains after paying higli rents and taxes ; and in view moreover of the fact that foreign comj;»ctition has lowered the prices of all kinds of farm produce so much, as to render it still more difllcult (o pay rents, it is my opinion that the result must be a whole- sale etnigraiion from that country. The present crisis is a prelude to tlii.s. ^fy object in visiting Manitoba and the North West Territory was to ascertain whether or not the conditions which they offered were suitable for the settlement of Irish colonists. I was also anxious to see that countrj' on my own account. I was asked to accompany the Tenani: — «j — fanners dclcgatt^i v.lio \i-.itc(l the I )')mii-i(t:i li-.t .luloiim, l;;;t I Uiu ll'.cn unable lo >\n so. I ^letixinined, Ii )'.vjve:-. l > mal.^- an e.^tly siai: I'ne sptiiiL; of I .'•S I. IViii^ [iio\i;le'l wiili K tiers of iiUrnil'i'iiDii t > •. I.'iwc, ilie Se'-retary of the 1 ) "parlnienl (jf .\ ■'ieiilliin . ( >M\va, I lel tVoin .MM'.i!!r, <>n I'l.' loih A[)ri!, in llie Alhn line SS. .Vf/v.v .7/./,7, in \^ • I '^ l-.a;-(l ..r \'. iii' !i <',e. in thr salinii, eni!)ve( 1 ,.M II le «■( iiiilicis oi a tiist t '...-.-V.'iJ. I \i,iteil the ir.lennediale and steeiaiie and r.t.tii rd l!.aL .e;i,:e: hei"'/ V. ei"j aKi) w .:1! iii'()\ I'll. 1 I >r. aiM a')|)e.ireii :eni^el\e<. Al'leraww iilea-aiU vi>va'^e we reai hed 11 liil.r e;ij >y .^'( oiia at noon aw the 2^[h A[as receiwd ii \\. kindest .a A . l^'i;. ,)•)'.■ a Hi d •. I/JW :. I ) w.v);; 1 1 e.xi'kuned the •■l/jc.l of r y \\,^\\. \ wm:, iai:iied.:a' i\' >u;ii)hed v.'.t'i Ll'.e.'s to ti.e se\er;d L-Aeir.nieni ."yciils, 'a !io vare instructed to alV rd n;c e\'e:y fa^i'.il}- fjr heeiu;; the e)an'.ry. The i>e;u!ty N'i-i i r ' ! '':c I'Vc-Jm". C >'. Hmvuv, to \\v.o:n I was i:itro(.ir,( I (h si:''i;,ied i. e w \\\ i;;;;'--. o:; \\\\>-'.\ 1 >• I'^'i--'. ,■.! ^rpiw iA' i'vv i; WW tl racjst fei'iie ri.';.on- a : . . L' I ic ri irv >r ( ieneral, Mr. 1 \ assc also ::ave me a ( ii* ;;Iar letter to ad l)oi:nr,ion .\;,^enls. .\fter recciviiuT so nuu li kindness and attention from ihe aut!v-»rities at Otlav.a, I felt auite at home thouLih tliis was m- \\Wl \ !.S. Canada. I made an early start as I was an\i(jus to see Manitoba and the f;ee grant lands of the \cjrthA\'e: t. 1 reaclv-fl Winnipeg, the Ca[)ilal 'A v. !-.;t' ;,i ». dnr ,\ f'.'W .,i;d in ^\\\ cit; lands i- 1 -a .\. "nt, 1 est kii knew ill r.ul to 1 einj,' S( -. ;n-ou,uh { >\\\\ on newest I a good ( about u\ lanersoi dhe r reserve ' best Ian reserve i this ian( Our f eggs an( and wit] ( ame fn trious. M I'.'ii'il);!, (-n til" ^th ^\^v It is s.liuilcd al tlu- jiiiiftiuM (>[' lii. A. r.i;i')inc nnd \\i(\ Kivcrs. I'm years nuo its pcjtuI.'itiMii -mly nii;r.l)c-re i' a tVw h'livliids. Now it amounts to Ifii thousand or osci' S'll.-, iiuia .itul in many rases vi'iy tinr l'ri( k hiiiklin-s wliicli would hr a cirdil !-• ,inv city, art- takiiii; tlir plarc ol' liamc Immisus. A)id luiiiu' s-, of al/ l.inds i^ in a mo^l tlouriihinr; stale. i I ailed on Mr. Willi. ;ii' l;;-;K.lti. i!if ( 'io\c:iiiiu;i-.t I iiinn.;iatio. f A..,^•nt, wlio finnidied ii;r \ ;;!; .1 ,:,(-od • iiam " and '• luick !»oaid " (tin ! est kind of {;(jn\e\-a!i(e o:^. ;!;;■ I'r.iiii^t 111 1 .v.\ v'N'ieiien'vd 'Whlc wl". knew the trail thoroui;hl). 'i'iiiis e<|ai|); e.l 1 an.l my ;niide reliirned l)V rail lo laiierson, where we crossed the !'.■-• ! Ki\ev liy a terry, t!ie llooi; lein^' so liii.',h. the tv.w .swiiv.; l):id: •.■ eoald not liu < losed. W'epassec. liiroii^h West Lynn \slii(.!i i^ i!o-e on I'.ie ii^lernational lioimdary in:e, ... I'jwn onlv ei;ih.teen month-, ol ! ; vel it has a uri^l mill with all the Mewehl niafdMiUM"}', se\e!:i! c )mnn)(.iii~us hotels, a ueekl) newspaper with a i^ood circulation, rlv.n' a a;v! ;/'io)I, a nmnlier of :j; 'od stores, and a!)OUt one hundred h < 1-.C-. I;, i- 1!":;'!', lo bjcnme a formi !;d)le rival tc . 1-anerson. The road nr '• Iraii " a. Ii i^, c-llcd passes ihrou-h the Mennonitc; re.serve wliich cxlends for \\k'.\ mil.'s, west, and contains some of 'he. best land in Manitoba. T'lere a:e still some thousands of a( res of thiif. reserve unoecupied ; but a-; ',!. • .'.ip al i'.ed lime for setUenient has expiree!: this land will shortly be sold to ''r,:!a fide settlers. Our first stoj)ping place was at a Mennonile \iilage, where we had eggs and tea for supi)cr, but as the houses of the Mcnnonites are close and without ventilation, I preferred cami)ing out. These jjeople, who, came from ?>outh Russia some years ago, are very peaceable and indus- trious. Tlie great majority of them came very poor, but they are al" . — 8 — comfortable now, and many ot them growing rich. Their crops were far advanced when 1 saw them, and looked very promising, liome of the villages can turn out several hundred heads of cattle. Our next stopping place was Brown's, where we had breakfast. The soil in this neighbourhood was rather light with sandy bottom ; but I was informed it produced 30 bus. of wheat to the acre. I saw great numbers of wild geese, ducks and prairie chickens. Proceeding we crossed several "sleughs " shallow ponds with long grass, also a number of creeks. The next place of importance we reached is called Mountain City. Though only a village ytt, the site is very well selected on a rising ground, ten miles from the international boundary line. There is a good supply of timber convenient, and tiiere is a saw and grist mill. The saw mill is worked during the day, and the grist mill during the night, one engine serving boih puri)oses. There are also a church and school, post ©ffice and good stores, where farming implements can be purchased f«most as cheap as at Emerson, Passing Calf Mountain, which is only a rising ground, we stopped to feed our horses, at Darlingford, where town lots are surveyed and staked (off over old Indian graves. Here we were informed that the Pembina bridge had riven way aiid was unsafe to cross ; but we found it was not in so bad a state as represented. Five <■( the sup^ports had sunk in the l^jcd of the rivtr. W'c crossed it s.ifely. The nuxt ];lacc of iin|)<.'rtance is Crystal City. This lias a church, jschool, St lire and I'osi (Jit'ce. I noticed that the land improved as we went west. Passing Clear Water, a ni( e creek ap;)ro;)riately named, we came to J)iul{.;c/ Click, whie'i is ]a^^;e enough to be called a river. It is distant C15 m| ofth. 'lose, v\ > were far ne of the ist. The n ; but I aw great ding we number in City, a rising s a good I'he saw ght, one Dol, post rcliased ppcJ to 1 staked 'embina ivas not in the :hLirch, as we ime to di.itant c 15 nijles from West Lynn. The land is high and roUing on both sider? of ihj stream, which are fringed with timber. The wolf willow and wild 'lose, which are sure indications of good land, grow here. I called on Mr. P. C. McKibbon, who immigrated from Caledon, •Co. Tyrone, Ireland, two years ago. He has made a good selection of land. His homestead is on the ea.^jt side of the river, and his pre-emption -on the opposite side just below the crossing. His eldest son has made a got)d choice ako, (juite convenient. They have 320 acres each of -splendid land of their own, no rent to pay and taxes nominal. His two younj^er sons keep the stopping place at the crossing and are getting itheir house enlarged to start a store. There is a good water pewer, which I have no doubt will be turned to account before long, as the distr)ct around is being settled up rapidly. We stopped a day to rest the horses, and I was also anxious to get reliable information in regard to the soil, productio is, climate, &c. I .took with me a sample of the soil wliich varied in depth from i '^ to 4 ifeet, also samples of the [-roducc. Mr. McKibbon pointed out to me a piece of ground which he enclosed for a garden less than half a statute .acre, v. '^irh produced 157 bu^^hels of potatoes. The quantity of seed planted was 4 bushels. Tlie soil is a black sandy loam one a clay :3ul)M..:l very easily worked, after the first "breaking." A team will plough two acres per day with a furrow 12 in.ches broad and 3 dee[). Wheat sowing commences at the end of A[)ril. ]'(jtato planting at the •end of May. Potatoes are fit for digging in two montlis from time of 'planting, vegetation is so rapid ; and no disease of any kind lias made its aj'ipearance. ^^'lleat yields on an average 35 bushels to the acre and ■weighs 64 lbs. ^ir bushel. Oals 50 to 100 bushels weighing 35 lbs. per bushel. — 10 — There is a liomc inarkcl hir ;ill farm iirolace aiiJ will he for year^ (jsvinu to {he lar^c ivainbcr of jclllct.s ( 'j!iii:v.; inio t!ie couiUrv v.b.o arc Oil V. 1 J con.-uincrs for llic first year. 1 LiVjuiicd iiarliciilarly about the c'.iraate. Mr. M( Kibbou stated at'ter two _, avs cxiiericncc oi' it. that he ioiintl :: was iirj( h pleasanler than tl.at of liebmd ami wi-y heallliy. It v.a-, iioi Un) liot in si'.mnier, and tliere \va,s, he said., ab\a}s a ;;entle bree/C on tile [.'fairie ; llie nights, lie added, .yere cool. In winter, the snow fall a\-crages cighte'cn inc lies. It is ;l ])eiiectly dr), and there is general!} !jri-ht sunshine. The air is still except when a '' bli/.^ard '" occurs, wliii 1\ only lasts for a few h(;urs at a time. ]Ic als(; told me he ncvei had. better liealth or s])iriti ; and th.at he had none of the u. mi \ and :-:ixiety he Iiad in tiic old country. He had plenty of game for t!ie ^iiooting, and no game keepers ruiining after him. The rivers abound ■•vith fish also. Next day we went north alu)Ut ten miles, crossed I^ong River, wliic :i runs into 15adger Creek, on a good l)ridge built by a settler. The trail c;rosses a piicturescpie \alley. and aficr two hours drive we came in \ievv' of Lakes Lornc, Louise and i'elican. The north side of the Lake is well wooded, and tlie scenery fine. 'J'he land is rich and higli with a good d'"'al of brush. Here we started a deer, and saw large quantities o[ buffalo bones scattered over the ground. 'I'liey must have been very numerous. There were tracks in all directions. (ioing west, we crossed over good clean prairie with some stones. Passing Pancake Lake and Government huts, erected for the accomo- dation f^f travellers, we reached LaRiviere's on the 15th of May, distant 1 ; ^ miles from West Lynn, wliere we saw a large number of ponies ' -\ were winiered out and th.ev '"f'.re in verv fair condition. Mr. La- bi \-i(_';e i 1 1 • k e I y.l: ra ( ) n- II '.V.ner I 1 met Ik ;:);;nagh, . )use re Strict V i calle ■ ntered f 1 !' eacli. .1' -e foi- 1 i 'lie CO '-It still -.1 tiers V '■li tiling, ^'len the ■'leir claii ( )n ap] I'-i-itance, resting pi, tovered \\ 'VI th forkt I'le coftin ''vliole was '. V a few ( 11 wb.o are c'.iiiinto. Ijimcl i; )rcc/C on siutw r.iii general!} ' oceurs, lie ncvei ,ori>- and le for I lie s abound ;r. which i'he trail e in vievv' ce is well a good |lo bones nicrous. stones. laccomo- f, distant \{ ponies Mr. La- Ki\i(.'re is r; l-'rencli Cannilian and setUi.-d in N'Mrth .\bDu,,ia,in in 1*^74. 1 ic kcejis a f^'eneral stoi-,j and larnis e\len.-;ively. He also u'oes in fwr t ;':k raisin'; a:id lias been wvv su'-j^esslu! ( ) n' next slopjiin;.; 'jil.ice was 15 .'(Iv'^; store, three nii-.\'r. '; met liere two youn..'; nien n "ned Jank^v, from r)r()i;kboro' i\>., !•.;:■- ::)anai;h, L-ckmd. 'I'hey ha\-c land eonvenienl, bat ha\-e not :;■ )' liiL-ir . )use read}- }-et to li\-e in. There ai^e ([iiite a iiuml)er of settler-; :•: ''is :'.:>tri(:l who are well satisfied witli the lorality. I called next day at the land, ofti-e for d'urtle Mountain ih^tri. '. an 1 entered for a honiestcid and ]H-e-einptiun pa}infr the usual fej of ,5 ; o i 'r cacli. At the expiration of three years I will have on j (L)!i ':' p t .;' -e for my pre-emption, ,i!;ettinj; my homestead free. riie counlr}- west ()[' raw/^c twjiH\--oae is not opjn for settleai.-n: : ■11 still there are a good many "S-piatters."' 'These are a cia-^s of -.■ttlers w'lo select land, takj jjossession antl commence l)reak:ng, ■luilding, t\:c., wirho il. ha\-!!i:;- any authority for doing so. Afterwards, ■Aaen the land is opened f tr settlement, they go to the land offix-, and ■ \jir claim is recognized and they arc allowed to remain in pos-.es.iU)iY ( )n aj.'proa is the assistant in the DujDinion Kind o/ncc, wiicie \vj wjrc hi)H;)itab!y entertained, we made an early start for the Souris River, thirty miles west. The land in this district is uniformly tood, tiie on!y drawback being the distance from timber. V,vA M.f h a fine district of country cmnot be Ion;; without railVoad accommodation, an 1 wlien tlij coil fijlds of the ^r) ) iris are developed, the want ot timber will not be felt. ■• We did not sera single settler for thirty miles until we -;amj to t!^L- crossing. Retu ning by tlie same trail t) the Lmd O.Ti-:e; wj took th: trail to M'ilford, which is distant 60 miles in a North East direction Keeping Wnite Water Like on our left, we parsed through an cxte-nsiv-^ marsh, near w'aic; v.j saw a SjOecimcn of the ''jumping deer ; " wo could see it at a g'ci,. d s:a:ic2 bounding over the plain. Passing on through the Tigo*" Mills a:id between numerous small lakes, abounding with duck, WJ stop[)ed for a short time in Lang's V'allcy, near which there is splendid land. The next ;>lace of note is Millford, on the Souris, three miles from its junction with the Assiniboine. Here a town site has been surveyed, and $5000 w )rih of lots sold. The proprietor, Mr. Rogers, is an enter- jjrising man. He has erected saw and grist mills, which are driven bv steam. There is a good water-power which he intends turning t ) account. The chief drawback to its growth as a town is its distance from the steamboat landiiig on the Assiniboine. Tiie land office for the Souris district is at the junction ot the rivers mentioned ; and here J parted with my guide and conveyance, and took the steamboat for Portage La Prairie, whence I travelled by rail tu Winrijieg. As I had some time to wait for the boat coming down the river, Mr. *.-3 of the ant in the we made md in this iince from ::; without ^ )irii are mj to tl'.c took th: direction . exte-nsiv'^ eer ; " wj ^ajsinj on ibounding lear which lilcs from surveyed, . an enter- driven bv tLirnin::^ t ) s distance the rivers ;, and took liy rail tu river, ^M r. 1 p Mills, the assistant in said office, invited me to his tent where I partook of his hospitality. lie had an l'>nglish gentleman stop{)ing with him, named Mr. Rouper, who has friends in the north of Ireland and who was also very kind. I have now given a short account of my visit to Manitoba and the North West, and after sj^ending nearly a month in that district of coun- ty and travelling upwards of 8oo miles tJirough it, meeting with all I lasses, for I stoj)ped in the humblest slianties as well as the best Hotels, I Uave no hesitation in recommending it as a field of emigration for irishmen. When I ' )okcd on its boundless Prairies composed of the richest and most fertile soil ready for the j^lough, 1 thought what a para- dise it would be for thousands of Irish farmers who are struggling against high lents and taxes, bad seasons and low prices, to obtain at least but r* scanty subsistancc, without any prospect of bettering their condition i.r pr(;\'idiug fur their families. To all who are so struggling, I would say, " sell out for wliatever you can get, and go to the North West, and you will never reg'et doing so." The large capitalist should go also ; he can invest hi^ money at 9 [jcr cent in real estate. There " A man i> a una irii.-'s w'.Hinji; to tuH, " Aii'hiic liu,ni)L>l may L,Milicr the IVuils of l!ie soil." 'iliere is no disturbing e'cment in society, all are loyal and contented because they are pros;)eror.s, cujoyin;.', the fruits of their industry. All classes live well. Tiv/ro ase n > \yj n, a:ul. of course, no wordliouscs, as we have in TrjlauJ. lO.eryday. large numbers of immigrants are arriv- ing at Winnipeg, priaci;nl!/ from (Ontario, whi(-h is called the g.irden of the Dominion. U'hey are, in fact, leaving there in such numbers, that the price of land has fallen considerably and there are a large num- be- of fa*-ms in the market, which can be bought at from S to 10 pounds 3' te — 14 — sterling, per acre, with good buildings, fences, ^c. The Ontario farmers are a shrewd intelligent people, and know their business well, and the fact of their going to Manitoba in such numbers, speaks well for the country. But 1 can assure my countrymen that no Colonists will be more welcome than those wlio go from the North of Ireland ; and in my opinion, no class would succeed better. If t^^e labour and capital which are being spent on worthless land in Ulster were brouglit to bear on the fertile soil of Manitoba, what a rich return it would yield. As the best time to go, I would say, " the sooner you go the bcUer. "' Those who want to settle on land can do so as late as the end of Sep- tember. They will have time to raise a house and do some breaking for ■crop next year. But if they go early, they may get a croj) the first year. Young men without much capital could get plenty of employr.icnt at good wages and if steady could soon save as much as would start them ■on a homestead. There is a great dearth of female domestic servants or *' helps, " and wages are high, from $io to $20 per month, 2 to 4 pounds sterling. There are openings for hundreds in Winnipeg and its neiglibourhood. The North West will soon be opened up. That gig-mtic undertaking. the building of the Canadian Pacific ls.,iil\\\iy, which will connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through Piiitish Territory, is being jiushed on vigorously by the syndicate. Their land grant extends for 24 jniles on each side of the main line, the odd numbered sections belong to the syndicate, and contain twenty five million acres, which they now offer on most advantageous terms, viz : $2.50 or los. stg. per acre with $1.25 or 5s. stg. an acre of rebate for every acre broken or brought into cultivation within three years, and if buildings are erected the time will be extended to 5 years. Then as to time of payment 7 years will be allowed,! each ins The free hoi| stead ar a farm interest,! Thcrel Setilcrs and supi The d iii'.les ea Selkirk ; (oinitry, the scene \w\\ AVOOC Lake of scenery i^ Rat Pc for watci very rich crushing Rcturr setllemei been rais strength scul. Th( — 15 — allowed, a low rate of interest charged on balance remaining unjxiid after each instalment. The even numbered sections are reserved by the Government for free homestead and pre-emption ; so that a settler by taking a home- stead and pre-tinption, and a half section of railroad land would have a farm of 640 acres or one s(iuare rnile at a cost of ^121 stg. without interest, provided he qualified for the rebate on the railroad land. There would be great advantages in settling within railroad limits. Sctilcrs could earn money by teaming, when n; Mr. E. Cl.w, Halilax, Ontario. ST. JOHN xMr. S. Gardner, St. John, New Brunswick. QUEBEC Mr. L. SrAiToRi), Point Levis, Quebec. AVTNNH^EG Mr. W. Hlspei,i:r, AVinnipe^, Manitoba. DUEEERIN Mr. T. !'>. Tetu, Dufferin, Manitoba. DULUTLI Mr. W. C. B. Graiiame, Satlers' Reception IaJUSC These Officers will afford the fullest advice and protoctio.n. They should be immediately applied lo on arrival. All com})laints should be addressed to the; They will also furni>,h information as to Lands open for seLtlenu ,.L in their respective l*rovinces and Districts, harms for Sale, demand for employment, rates of wages, routes of travel, distances, expenses of conveyance ; and will receive and forward letters and remittances for Settlers, &:c., ^c. Department ok Agrk ri.TLTvi:, / Ottawa, January 1SS2. \ a