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ITS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE; , Printed by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto. k 1886. c V- ^■..^ Jmc ^' ^ y FC ZOff 1 PORT ARTHUR, a?I3:E G-RE-A-T L-A.K:E TEKHi^TISI TJS OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, ITS PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. The town of Port Arthur, from its gcograi)hical position alono, without reference to its other advantages, is destined at no dis- tant day to become one of the great cities of the Dominion. It is at the head of the navigation of the St. Lawrence and the great Jakes, and may not inaptly bo called, as it practically is, the ocean tern\inus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, for naviga- tion, by means of a magnificent system of canals, is uninterrupted between it and tide water. Immediately to the westward of this rising town is a forest-covered country of vast extent, with dis- tricts therein abounding in valuable timber, and wide-extended belts rich in minerals, among which latter may be mentioned tho silver bearing region of Thunder Bay, the great iron range of the Juoundary line neai Arrow Lake, and the gold bearing islands of the Lake of the Woods. Beyond this region of forest, with all its wealth of minerals and timber, are the fertile plains of Mani- toba and the North- West Territories, spreading out for many hundreds of miles, and beyond these again the Rocky Mountains and British" Columbia, all now about to be connected with, and made tributary in their traffic to Port Arthur, by means of the Canadian Pacific Railway. PORT AllTHUR. The future of Port Artliur is thus assured, but any calculations based on the certainty of the early development of the {^reat regions traversed, or to be traversed, by the Canadian Pacific Hailway and its branches, including the mineral districts and pine-covered areas lying west of Lake Superior, together with the agricultural and grazing lands of Manitoba and the North- West, would lead to figures so astounding as to appear extrava- gant. Yet some idea of what may reasonably be anticipated can be arrived at by considering that the regions which must become tributary to Port Arthur, in the way of tratHc, are greater in area and as rich in natural resources as those which supplied the traffic which has resulted in the rapid and amazing growth of Chicago, St. Paul, and Minneapolis. The plains of Manitoba will compare not unfavourably in fertility with those of Illinois. The pine- covered districts of Michigan and Wisconsin have their counter- part in the forests lying between Lake Superior and the prairies, and the farming and grazing lands of Minnesota and Dakota are more than equalled by those of the provinces to be — Alberta, Assinaboia, and Saskatchewan. With conditions as to soil, climate, and natural productions of a similar character, or nearly so, existing on both sides of the international boundary, it cannot be supposed that the result of opening railway communication on the one side will be greatly difi'erent from what it is, and has been on the other. Within the past ten years it ha.s, on the United States side, turned villages into towns and towns into cities, such as Fargo, Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth, two of which have each over 100,000 inhabitants. It is quite within the range of probability that before another decade shall have elapsed, chere may be cities to rival them in the Canadian Provinces of the North- West, and it would indeed be difficult to estimate what the trade of Port * Arthur will then be. But it is perhaps with Duluth, which is a lake port, that Port Arthur will best compare at the present time. Ten years ago, Duluth was but a village, with a few hotels and shops, and it at that time exported a few shiploads of wheat, and imported coal in quantity just sufficient for the railway then recently in part opened. But what a change ! It is now a fror car chit yUE GREAT LAKE TERMINUS. 8 thriving city, and the following figure.s will givo some idea of the growth of its trade : — "SYNOPSIS OF STATISTICS C02^CEMUNG DULUTH, DEC. 1884. " Wheat — Elkvatok Storage Capacity : — Elevator A Bushels 500,000. " H " 1,000,000. " C " 1,150,000. " D '• 1,250,000. " E; " 800,000. " Diiluth and Western.. " 600,000. Warehouse No. 1 (90x500 ft.).. " 740,000. Total at present " 0,100,000. " (Capacity of elevators at Milwaukee is 5,300,000 bushels.) "It is decided to build another warehouse of 740,000 bushels capacity, and also two new elevators, of from one to one-and-a-half millions each, to be finished in time for next year's crop. Duluth wheat receipts were, in 1884, 14,000,000 bushels, and shipments, 11,447,449 bushels wheat. Shipments of flour, in 1884, were about one million barrels, which, reduced to wheat, at 4^ bushels to the barrel, would make 4,500,000 bushels, which, added to wheat shipments above given, would make a total of 15,947,49.9 bushels that Duluth has furnished an out- let for, 1884. This exceeds Chicago, or any other lake port, for the same "^^'me. SHTPPING. * "In 1884 the departures were 902, without counting tugs, making a total tonnage standard of 594,235 tons. " In 1880 the arrivals were 524, and tonnage 302,865. " THE COAL shipped into Duluth, in 1880, amounted to 60,000 tons, and in 1884 it amounted to 420,540 tons. " THE ORES from Montana, brought for tran-shipment to Duluth, have been very great in quantity, but ore just now (December) reduced very much, being only 15 car loa is per day, insured at $100 per ton : much of it is copper ore, but the chief part silver, besides much bullion." 4 PORT ARTIUm. These fi<,'uri's arc sifjrii Meant in more ways than one. In the first place they .show tliat, as the ])rairieM to tlie west fill up with scttleniont, the trade of Duluth increases in a corrospoiuliti;,' ratio, and, in the next, they dcnionstrnto the very interesting,' fact that railways cannot wholly, tjr to any overwhclinin<^ extent, divert the eairia<,'(i of grain from such navigation as is presented by the great lakes. From Fargo, which lies 250 miles west of Duluth, to Chicago, tlie railways att'ord facilities for transportation that are not surpassed hy any similar means of conveyance on the conti- nent, and yet a great portion of the grain proihieed in the regions traversed by these railways, to the westward of Duluth, finds its way to Duluth, to be there shipped and carried by water; in some cases, all tlie way, and, in others, a great part of the way to its destination. This feature in the carrying of grain is favourable to the prospects of Port Arthur, for all the surplus produce of Manitoba, and the North-West Territories, must be brought to that point by the Canadian Pacilic Railway, and the railways which are sure to supplement it in the not distant future. It would be uni'eason- able to suppose that a single lino of railway, however excellent it may be, or however admirable its management, will always be e(jual to the carrying trade of half the continent. Duluth has had the start of Port Arthur by a decade, bu^ in ten years more, the tables will, without doubt, be turned, and, in this connection, a glance at THE PROGRESS PORT ARTHUR HAS ALREADY MADE, will, at least, show a good beginning. In 1881-82 the popula- tion of Port Aithur was, in lound numbers, 1,700; in October, 1884, according to a census taken by the municipal authorities, it had reached 0,075. For some years, previous to 1882, the customs revenue averaged from ten to twelve thousand dollars yearly. In 1888-84 it was close on $200,000, or, to be exact, was actually $197,300.00. In 1882, the shipping was 198,:]00 tons; in 1883, 300,000 tons, and during the saason of navigation just closed (1884) it exceeded 500,000 tons, the exact figures, up to 14th THE GREAT LAKE TEfiMINUS. Q November, 1884, being 41)0,000 tons, aubaequont to which (Into there was a good deal of traffic by water of which there is, as yet, no return. A LARGE QUANTITY OF MANITOBA WHEAT was shipped from this hftrbour Inst fall, nnd a further quantity is now being stored, so as to be in readiness for next spring. It is estimated that the shipments of the pnst season's ^lanitoba and North-West Territories wheat will aggregate 4,000,000 ])ushels, and this is but the beginning of a traffic which, as agriculture proceeds and expands in the North-West, must grow to vast proportions. THREE DIFFERENT LINES OF PASSENGER STEAMERS,. numbering, in all, twelve large vessels ply regularly to Port Arthur. One of these comprising three steamers, among which is the magnificent iron steamer, Cnmpana, has its head quarters at Collingwood, the terminus of the Northern Railway; two, num- bering five steamers, among which are the three large Clyile-built steamers of the Canadian Pacific Railway company, run from Owen Sound, the terminus of the Toronto, Grey & Bruce Rail- way; and one (The Beatty line), of four first class steamers, has its starting point at Sarnia, with railway connections at Goderich, Kincardine and Southampton; so that every one of the railways, having a terminus on Lake Huron or the Georgian Bay, is in con- nection, by means of these lines, with Port Arthur. All these lines of steamers, and many steamers and sailing vessels besides, from places widely separated, make for Port Arthur, the great entrepot of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. THE THREE STEAMERS FORMING THE G.P.R. LINE cannot be passed over, without a little further notice. They are magnificent steel vessels of 1440 tons burden each, and are fit- ted up in the most elegant and substantial style. The saloons If 6 PORT ARTHUR. N run nearly from uin! to end, anit No. I, 3,275 oz. per ton. No 4, rock resembling huntlite ore, 12,000 oz, per ton, and a piece of lean-looking rock, 1, 440 oz. ])cr ton. No. 5, zinc blende, showing no silver visible to the naked eye, 550 oz. per ton. No. (I, (vein rock), zinc blende and silver, 1,995 oz. per ton. No. 7, zinc blende containing silver, 2,102 oz. per ton. No. 8, spar con- taining native silver, 3,250 oz. per ton. No, 9, native and ore, 9,280 oz. per ton. No. 10, sulphide, 25,600 oz. per ton. It would seem from this that the Manpiis of Lome in speaking of the " Silver Gates of Thunder Bay" was not at all wide of the mark, and there can be no doulit, in view of all the discoveries recently made at, and in the vicinity of Silver Mountain, as well as at Arrow Lake, that silver will become ere long one of the chief exports of Port Arthur. But it is not silver alone that has been found in this valley of the White Fish River, for the so- called Iron Range of Minnesota runs into it near Arrow Lake, and immense lodes of iron ore are reported to have been found not far from the silver deposits on the Canadian side, so that the projected Colonization Railway would develop not only a district rich in silver, but also in that best of all economic minerals, iron, while it would, at the same time, throw open a considerable ex- tent of good agricultural land, AS A RESORT FOR SUMMER TOURISTS it may not be oat of place to sny that Port Arthur presents attractions not often to be met with. The town is built on ground where the mer^ns of drainage is perfect, so that, as regards health, the site is all that could be desired, while in the beauty and grandeur of its scenery it cannot l)e excelleil. Terraces rounded off as smoothly as if formed by the hand of art, run for loug distances parallel to the coast, and just behind the town rise • 10 PORT ARTHUR. in gentle succession to a hill, or rather eminence, the summit of which is some 200 feet or so above the level of the Lake, and from this eminence a view is obtaindl of land and water, of mountain and forest and islands which it would be ditficiilt to describe. Every traveller is enchanted with it, and then the field for safe boating, presented by the placid waters of Thunder Bay, would prove an irresistible attraction to many, while the numerous streams in the vicinity abounding in speckled trout would be equally inviting to the sportsman. Nor would tourists want the best of accommodation, for THE NEW NORTHERN HOTEL, an imposing brick structure, recently completed, would accom- modate large numbers. This magnificent Hotel has 125 bed- rooms together with parlors and drawing rooms, which latter open out on wide verandahs, commanding a fine view of the Bay and Islands. All the rooms are fitted up in the best style and tourists will have all the conveniences for comfort and pleasure to be met with anywhere. Yachts and steamers crowded with tourists ply constantly about the Islands. Besides there are several other very good hotels in town, where the accommodation and fare are all that could be desired. AS A MANUFACTURING CENTRE Port Arthur presents many advantages. It is at the head of navigation and at the Lake Terminus of the great railway run- ning across the continent. The demand for many articles pro- duced by outside manufacturers is already considerable in Mani- toba and the North-westTerritories and must largely increase. Agricultural implements are at present supplied chiefly from the United States. Why should not the manufacturers establish branches at Port Arthur, and so escape the heavy import duty of 35 per cent. ? And in like manner with some other articles, such as miningmachinery, mill castings and so forth, the demand for which must largely increase in a district so favourable for enterprise in the development of mines. Woodwork of all kinds, THE GREAT LAKE TERMINUS. 11 imit of nd from ountain lescribe. 'or safe would imorous ould be or accom- 25 bed- ter open Bay and tourists be met rists ply •al other and fare head of way run- licles pro- in Mani- increase. from the establish port duty r articles, J demand arable for all kinds, including dressed boards, boats, fencing and so forth, is in con- siderable demand in Manitoba and the North-West — a demand wliich nmst always increase in countries of prairie, where there can be no great local supply. Altogether, there is an admirable field for the manufacturer at Port Aithur. It should be montioniMl that there is abundant water power in close proximity to the town. WHOLESALE ESTABLISHMENTS Would flourish at Port Arthur, for they would have a market covering half a continent for their wares. At present the country traders of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are supplied chiefl}' from the City of Winnipeg, while the leading merchants of that place get their goods from Hamilton, Toronto, Montreal, and other cities of the older provinces. It has been estimated that goods delivered at Winnipeg cost, before they are again shi])ped to points futher West, Sets, per lOOlbs. for handling alone, that is between receiving and delivering, and every one knows that a mere inland city, far removed from any great line of water communication, is not the best place to find cheap goods in, for there are necessaiily many little charges upon them, besides the cost of double hand ling, which, in the aggregate, amount to a gieat deal. Now, at Port Arthur, considering the low I'ate of freights by way of the . lakes, goods of all kinds could be sold at prices l>ut little in advance of those current in Toronto or Montreal. Let this fact once become generally known, and the merchants throughout Manitoba and the Noith-West Territories, instead of making a long and ex- pensive journey to the great cities further east, would supply them- selves with what they required at Port Arthur. Even the whole- sale dealers at Winnipeg would find it to their advantage to get their supplies at that place, as the saving in time, in risks, and expen.ses generally, would be very considerable. Already some ot the traders of the North-West have come to Port Arthur for thtir goods, instead of going further east, indeed one house alone at Port Arthur is reported to have disposed of three-ciuarters of a million doUarift worth of goods during the past season, and this is but the commencement of a traffic foj' which there is ample room 12 PORT ARTHUR. i! for expansion. Tlie merchants of the great cities of Toronto, Montreal and Hamilton, many of whom have the means of planting wholesale houses at Port Arthur, could not do better than take this matter into their very serious consideration. The risk would be as nothing, while the prospects of success are in the highest degree encouraging. In conclusion, it may be said that NO BOOM, WITH ITS BLIGHTING BIJSULTS, has ever struck Port Arthur. Matters have, so far, gone on smoothly and steadily, not quite so fast perhaps as some could have wished, but surely, if slowly. Without any undue stimulus the town is fast advancing to the proportions of a cit}', and it is quite safe in forecasting its future to .'-ay that it will be all that its warmest well-wishers could desire. It has, or, at least, soon will have unbroken railway communication running westward '"or nearly two thousand miles, thi'ough some of the fairest regions on the earth's surface, all the way to the Paoihc Ocean; there, at no distant day, to meet lines of ocean steamers freighted with the rich products of China, Japan and the Indies. All this it lias on one side, and on the other it has unbroken navigation extending east- wai'd through unrivalled inlrnd seas aud spacious canals to the tide water of the Atlantic Ocean. With all these advantages it is not too much to say that no Canadian city has ever before be- gun the march of progress with such a brilliant and encouraging future before it. 12th Jany., 1885. [ Toronto, means of b do better bion. The are in the a LTS, [\ o;one on some could lie stimuluH Y, and it is be all that least, soon estward ''or t regions on there, at no /ith the rich has on one ending east- mals to the Wantages it ;r before be- encouraging