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I Wl fHESTORVop WONDERFUL RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT, WHICH, I.IKK, THK f.lH.F SIRKAM, ' HAS GIVEN WARMTH TO WIDE WATERS AND VERDURE TO MANY LANDS; AND I.IV1N(. AN ACCOUNT OF ITS VARIOUS INFLUEKGCS ^ND INSTITUTIONS OF TO-DAY. BY A. B. HYDE, D. D., Pro/,-ss,>r of Giwk in tlw I'liiversity ,>/ Deimer : Member I'f Avirriran PhUological Assoriiitioi! : of Ameriian Society of lUblidtl J-'.xege.sis ; if Suimiier School of Philosopliy-, etc.: lately P>-ofissor of lUhlual Literature, Alicj^/ioiy L\h'lei;e, Pa. IF'XJLIL;-^ ILL-CTSTIKu^TEID. srUINGFIKLD, MASS.: WILLEV .>t, COMPANY, 1888. NoriiK IS iiKRKiiY (;ivi>f l)v the imblisbers that the sale of this book, 'I'lii'. Stoky ok Mi'.i iioDis.M, \>y siih^criptiuii unjy, is iirolcLlei! Iiy ciecisioiis of tiic l'. S. Circuit Courts. These ducisioiis are by the U. S. Circuit Court of Oliio, rendered by Judge Hauiniuiul, and liy the U. S. Circuit Court of Pennsylvania, renilered by Judge Jiutlcr, and are that "wlien a siiliscription hooi< jiublisiiing house, in connection with the author elects to sell a book pun-ly l>y siilKuriptioii and iloes .u> si// it, through agents that are agents in the /ro„/ sfiisr an)H'e of the o ffei if this bo(ik for sale b redited agent. y any b lokselier or otiier person not our ac- ^• ^*:4 DEDie;q!Fi0N. To tllO busy, often Ui-irx. . I , ^■.•..i„«,i,.,:„„i„., .::';'■ : '""■" i.-^ k,..,...,,. " "'•""• "if IU(inilIl '"""■ tin... iluu. is „,,,|,,| . „ , ■ • ' '" '"'■ l"''n'lu.-e „„|,- „ |i„]e '"'"■- ""■ -"- '-<■• -.^ .-. ,.«•,.,,.„ ,„!,.: :;■""' '•""■'■'" -'.- "".... l....-„„„. w,,„.v. „,„l ,„„■ „,,s,, ,„■ , ■; '"'■■ " "'■"■.''•I.'-- >ve ".".=- wi,i,.i, „-,. ,v„„i,i ,ik.. ,:k„„„,, ;„,,";'";;■ ^'" ""■■■'• .- ,■ "NfTlit to k„o,v. ''"'. "'■ '•.'.' I'Mt tl,i„k >ve ».Hl lVs..„t P„si,i,.,, ,, ,,^. ., , ' ; ' ■''"• '.'." ^ >.- Hi.... IV,,.,.,,, '■'"•' '"'P-tant that to know nothing of it ..,„ , ', ^" "'^ '"-'^-- - "-r ^^■^"> "--^ appeared in it, i. ,..,,, .;,.,,.;," ';;.''^' --^^- - -''e ,..., '' .^I.o„hl still interest „s to knoiv h ''" '"■" "'" '^^^'^''^'^'i'^t.s active und spiritual 1' how some tiv they are worki '•«»testants came to tl] *' and one-half nn'Il ions of 11"-. in a faithful but easy and 'I'o all wh '' ^"'i-'anism in which to-d Mr.Tiiiii>i>Ar hii.'^ hi'fii a i'lvi in tin* -.voi'M for ;iou' nlioiit a liun was a i'r\i\al of riirisi iaiiitv . »urh as had not l)t'i'ii sci'ii in all its (ciitiicics. I )[' snch a rf\i\ai tln'r in tlnir relations oi' cii.ise ami efl'ect, ol' time, |>laee and onlei'. A story lia> le-.^ ol' di'^nity, periiaps less of precision. It pro|)oses to entertain w Idle it in-irneis ; to }ihi' not all that is knowable, lint that whieli most men would care to know. History is for study. A .^toiy is for easy readiicj and tellini; ; a story ouirht uot to hi! tedious with detail. It must leave many thiniis unsaid, and many other things that seem unsaid must imdt and minglt! with tho current of the tale. One may (! isilv l)elie\-e that .Metlir>disni lias not lacked for historians. they ha\(' '^iyen the lives ol' its ehiid' characters, and accounts of its vari- ous enterprises and e\ents, until it may lie said that the ^\riler ol" to-day can sav nothing:; n w which is also true, and nothing' ti'ue which is also new. There is almost nothing' in this Story which some one else has not in some way already told. There can lie no oI■i^■inality in fact, hut only in Style and order of statenu nt. The writei- has foi' lifty yeai's liei'ii a i-ai-cfnl oliser\er of Methodism, and fairly acquainted with it> pi-omincnt characters. lie has conversed with ancients who had listeneil to AVesley. Ili' \\;i- read widely, and the result of the whole has Ikhmi a boundless gratitude and wonder at the subject- inatter of this Story. The ellbrt has been made to present it as oiu! who knew it well would tell it at his own lireside. la these later days, so wide have the activity Mini oiif- linlt' tli.« lll«i\ I'lUfllt iiity. 'iicli i\;il tli('r<^ Hm's. a •Iv I full. L'littioiis oi' t' ili'^niity, inii'i-i : ti) ' tn know. ; ; a jitnry iisiiiil. iiinl lie ciirreut listoriiiiis. ils Viiri- -(lay ell is al.so I' lias Hot lit only in i'i!i:i'Aci:. ::;:;;r::::::;r'i:,:;;::::::;:;:-^ ■-- -^^^ '-• •'•■-'■.........„„„„.. ::;;::;,,::::,,::::;;:•■'■•■;''■ am of III, , •II . , ,. • '" •''♦'ilKxIi.st juissioii, "" '" "ii(c viila-c'sui India sockiiP-- Cjin^f ..f pi-fuol.in.r \vi„„ I '- *- ""''' "t "»^'« un.l.T Metlio.list, I ^Hci..n„. W liat volmnc can f.-U all ih,..,- il,in.rsV c.i;L,::ri::;:r::;.;:"T''"'''*'^'' ^ •-■"■•"■" > pro,:.,.- ..;;.■;::,■:,: ^'"™ - ' ■■" "^^ ™'' "» ■> "-■ .,.-.„ "«» t„ ,r„„»c,i„,„ „,,ic.|, ,c.,.i„,„|, „„fe,, „,„ Mo„,,„" . , ; "" ' '""'- -ni,.;.:;r.::::;:;:--:;;::;;:-7.-^.;.;..: -W ««,- .veil ,vi,l, „,„. „,,iel, ,„„ ,,,,„,, i, , '"""• ''"^•"""' "■•■^ imicml^ ,.f Dnn-.r, .hn.aury, 1HS7 . ilism, iuid rscd with the ivsiilt e .silbji'Ct- 'ell would le activity The Story in England. ('M.\i''n;i! I. Tin; oiciiiiN (ii- MiniioDisM. WIliU is Mcthoill.siii? — Mow l( iirusc— Mow iiiiirii'd— Tlic tliiics In wlilcli !l liroso— Inlldol and Christian wrilciNoriliat day— The coiKliliuii of Kiiwli^li Mociety tlicii— Tlu' iippt'r anil Ifiwcr cluHSfs— Dfclinc of f lie C'inircli— T'ttrnrncrs nf llmnKlitful nici:— (iifut need of \' it ill ri'liwion— " Man'Mfxtrruilty (ioil's oppui'imiily "- IIjjw nrlli, 1 lid ionic of till' Wfslcys— Wi'slcyiin imccstry, "iilnTcd of nolili' blixxls"— "Tlii'fallicToi ilie Wcs. leys" — Trails of his cliiiraclci'— I'liiiioi'oiis rcproofofpnrisli clerk — Ucfoic the Hisliop — In prison for |)l•cacllln^' — 'I'lic lirst missionary plan - Sepitriition mid reunion— Lust days and ilealli— " Snsaiina Aiinesley," tin- " niotlicrof Mctliodisni"— Of liohlo imeestry— (ireal |)crsoniil hcaiity— rortraidirc of ehariiclcr— Kveiiiiifi: .services— Truinintflier children— Traits of eliaraeter— I Ionic life—" Straiiffo noises"— "(iliosts" — Belief ill spirits— roetic fril'ls of Sainiiel— The brothers, Jolin and Ciiarlos— .lolin's "escape from Imrniiitf" — Small-pox— Charles" "fair escape" — At Ciiart(!r-lloiist; School- I'hysiciil si met lire and ha I ill soft he hrolhers— Th.eir nuisical talents— Mm ei'- in;.; ( ixtbril. ........... Vt ( IIAI'IKI! II. Lin: AT oxioiti). Infidelity in the T'niversity— Jolni Wesley becomes " a loi'd in the realm of mind "— l.s orf feeling — Scotland— Whitelield's irn'atcst dav— Results. ...... 40 79 (ON TI'.N r>. mh IntUlol ii))li('r -(irt'iit )lllf of leWfS- Itisliop fiiioii— iiiihle ices — ostrt" oliii's InilMO Filter- Ill 1.1"— -Tli IIin ri>'lii' i'Ihmxch Wliiti'llclil mill C'lih liiUiii III \Vi'.-.|('y mill Aniiliilaiii-in— >lir r(iiiiiiii~ ilir li:iniiiiiil/.ln>; irlciiil tii'twi'cii llii'iii— Wlillt'IlcM ami Ucsjry iiiiniiiu; ilir Aii".liu'riii'\ — Tlii' < lunilfss oi -.iilViilk— Trcx 11 — I,Mil\' llimliii«iliiii's ilniili. . . . , . , \r> ( II AlTIl! \. I'll!. Iliiiiin TiMi;s. Ti'Kiil)!'' rorrstMMi— MiiNlli'lil llr.tt lay |irciiclii'i'— Mi--. \\'r>lf\'s ilcuili— .Inlm NrNmi — Si) Siiinlay work— '• Wliiil liu\t' tlii'y ilmii'!' " -Tlii' iilall'oi'iii -(iciHTal nili-. < irriilis — I'liy^lcill cnVt'tH— >lul) III Shi'lllrlil- Mull III St. J\ cs— .(iiliii \\ c-liy anil Ni'l-mi in Wall-* '^ ( iiAi'ii i; \i. llAiri.i;.- \M> \ I(ii)ifii>. I'aliiiiiiil'''* rli'iiilati'il — Ni'W Htiiriiis— (,\Nciiiia|) In Wall's— Dnil'liiiK' Wi'slcy's iirt'iu'licrs Inr the anii\— Nclsnn's iiiipristiiiincnl— Ni'1-.iiii Ml ilii' aniiy— "Till-* U till' (liictfliu! that oiitrlit to In) iirrarln'il"— Tlins. Hi'anl, the ili-i iiiarlM- to Mi'tlioilisiii— Wesley's last siTimm lii'loi'i' till' I'liiMT^ity . (txturil. . I IJ ( IIAI'Ti;i{ Ml. Till I'lKsi ( MM i;iii;,N<'K. 'I'lie iii'cil 111' II— Till' iiieiiiliei's ut' It— Coiilereiiet' iliseiissioiis- "lliiw far must we iiliey the lli~lio|is.-'— Kivi) pojits of .Metlioilisiii— "Will .Mellniilisni he thrust out or leaven the (liuieh ■:""—"( Jan we have a Seiiiiuary for lalxirers;' "-Wesley's "Appeal to Men of Keasmi ami UellKliin"— Melhoili.^t snliliers— Iliittle of Koiitcnoy— "I eaii (ireaeli the pispel willi- iiiil a gDWn" — Nelsiiii at Aleoiiil)— (iriiiisliaw— (jliarlos \Vesley's iiiania^'e— (iraiM! Munay— .Mrs. Vi/.elli.'. .......... Ill) ( IIATTKU VIII. .Mi;illo|)|SM IN lltlll.AMi. 'Wliat >1imII we ilo fur Irelaiiir:'"- Wesley prueeeils Imlepoiiileiitly— ti.'iy ami eareless (■iiii;,'reKalioiis— Cliaiies in Dublin— 'I'lie llist Irish niarlyr- Tliouuis Wulsh— Irish Mohs —••Wiieii you pleail fi>r your life, pleail ill Irish." ..... .135 ( IIAl'TKU I.\. WiiiTi;iii;i.i> o.Nci', Mui!i:. Wliilelleld ill .Viiieriea— At Hnstun ami I'liilailelphia— In the Hernni(la.s—Lii(ly Hunting- dull in Wales— Wliiteliehl iiiSeollaml ami KiiKlainl— Kartlniiiakc In Lomloii— "ThL-i iiwfiil God is durs." ........... 14'2 CIIAI'TKI! X. Ol'IMitNS AM) KlONOMICS. Steerafxe follows lieailway— "llow sliall we treat those who leave us':'"— Scale of proiuo- tiiin— Doetrines— Kllorts at eeiitializatioii— A iiio\ alile I'eiitor— Ti'ii ji.'ai's, . 144 CIIAI'TKI! M. PKOIilM'.S!^ IN ll!i;i,AM). John .lane— tiertiians in Ireland— 'riie Soldiers, Wedley's host friends ill ll'olaiul— The buy deserter— Dmican WrJHiil— Walsh's Decline. -Ireland's heroc.s to MuthoUi.- ~ii 15'2 (IIAl'TKU MI. 'I'm; M;xr Tkn Vi;ai{s in Knoland. Wales- Scotlaiul — Wesley's Tours- First Africiiii jMt'tliodist — Doiiths — Tioiiblos— Thoinu.-. l^ee— Cln-istian Hopper— Charles Weslcy—.Ioliii Fletcher— Wesley's Wife— Sepiiration- John Kouiaine— John lierridfic— Martin Madan— Henry ^■l'nll— Wesley's men of yeiiiiis. ........ . . . I.")? 8 rONTKXTS. It (IIAl'TKK Mil. Calvinistic Mktiiodism. Rt'vit'w— Wliitt'lleld's work aiul power— His tcinlcr rfgiiiiirs in Americii— His lasi oi' ('i).'liteeii tlioii- siiiid sermons— "[ -would riitlier weiirtmt tlian rusl out"— Wliitelield's di'iilli— ( iipt. 'riioinas Scott— ('iii)t. Toriiil .loss— Lord Durtiiioiitli— 'I'l-yiiif,' (txt'ord Stii(l(!iits for lioldiii^f MetlioiUst tenets— First Anniversiiry at Trovecca— Waller slurlny— Kicliard and Kowhiiul Hill— .Surrey Cliaiiel. ........ 1(19 I'HAPTKR XIV. TlIK t'AlAlMSIIO CO.NTHOVKH5V. "Have ve not leaned too nnicli towards Calvinism':'"- Six yeais of eoiitroversy— Fletch- er TcHif^ns presidency of Treveecil CoUef^'e— Liidy IIuntiiiKdoi! in (Jeortria- Wliite- lielil a sliivo owner — "SlavesKtarve the common lahoi'er"— The free soil of Kiij^land- Howell Harris— His laterworkiind ileatli— Daniel l{owlands—.rolm Newton, the (.'ajitain of iiHhiver, afterwards founds Low Chm-cli I'arty— Wm. Cowpcr, the banl of (alvinistic Motliodlsm— Kelalion of I-ady Huntingdon's work to the Church— Separation and DecliiiG— Political influence of Methodism— "The K<"Jd men of Clapliam." . ISft CHAPTKK XV. Wkslkv's I.ATKK Wolili. Past throe-scoro and ten— His ahility to sleep like Cladstone— PreachiiiM: to an audi ence of over thirty-two thousand— His last sermon at the Foundry— City Koad Chi? pel— Grace .Murray — Reminiscences of Newcastle— The sad case of Dr. Dodd- Amer- ican Kevolution— The law and the preacher— .John Oliver— Kieliard Rodda— Pris- on reforius—Sil;;s Told at Newgate Jail— I)(;ath of .John Nelson. . . . .198 CHAPTKR XVI. Weslevan Methodism Ciuows. Personal characters nnd acts of juen— .Tosepti Renson— SaimicI Bradburn— .Tamos Hogers— Thirty-fourth Conference— Fletcher's prayers —No dcc:iy of i)iety — No sep- aration from the (;iuireh—*'Tli;' World is my ])ari8h"— Thomas Coke, the foumler of Methodist missions— O.no moro Jrisli mob. . . . . . . . 2U (IIAl'TKK XVII. Wesley's oi.d At;i: .\M) Death. Strong and lusty at eighty— No mental decay- Fifty years' retrospect— Impresses chll- dren—L,ast tours — Last conference— His last, the forty-second thousand two h.iin- dri'dth sermon— WIlbcrforce-lMary H )san((uet, the lirst ^Methodist woman preach- er-Death of Charles— Death of .Tohn Kleteber— "Oui- jicople die well"- Adam Clarke — Clarke's Conimentaries — London .Missionary Society- David Livingstone- .lames Creighton—Midvillc Home— .Matthew .loytf. .... . -220 CHAPTFl! Will. Wesley am> His I.sstitiiions. Attitude toward the Cliureh of Kngland— Shut out from pidpit and chiu'ch— Control of property— Deed of Declaration— The Constitution o< Wcslcyan Methodism— Alcth- t)dist I'conomy — Natural growth— Class meetings— Rands— Watch-night s— Weekly prayerineeting— The itinerancy — liOcal ndnislry— Uules for itreachers— Dispensary —Loan fuml— Superannuates— The Strangers Society. ..... -240 CHAPTKK Xl.\. Eni'CATION AM» LlTElfATflil'. AT WESLEY'S DEATH. Schools and Sunday-schools— Wesley as author and i)uV)lislier— Robert Raikes and Rowlnn„„,un. in ,1,.. S.Mlly IsLs-.-An-l the l.l.s .UM wait f.,' Mi?,!!"!' o«o < IIAI'TKH xxi. AlTl.lt rill.; I)i;AriI ok n-KSMV '■n;:tr;;;s,;;-^;;:s;:;;:--~;:;t';;-;:;-:;:--- !;;i;:;;;;mS™'''"-'''"'''' '"■:■-■-:'--■"■'■-"■'"••:' '--'-." < lIAI'TKlt .\.\I1. SoMKMKTiioi.isT \V„.mi;n.-Tiik Vii,i,A(;i; IW-acksmiih ■■.■hn.,,iani.ye,nM„,.i,,au.,l Mo,„an"-...M.rl.o,li..n, opcncl for woman al,u,„lant work"- ami Heroine of (Jeor-^u El- 2(i« not in eoiivent walls"_i)inali Kvans, the '•Sweet I'reaclier iof^-A(laniJ5ede"-SanuielJliek, "The Villaf^-e Hiaek.M.'iith.' 278 .361 CHAI'TKIi Will. At Tin; Iii:(;i.NMM; ok tiii,-< (kvti-ky CIIAPTKi; AXIV. Mktiiodism AM) Tin; Stat;, ciirKcii. TheLegal Hundred-Tlie Stale Clnucli aluriiiod-I oni K.wii,>,> \i ■*• restrictiou-The lasl o,.tra^es-Thc. re v v' o U WU n"^''" "" "^'•^■"-'""^ lishonnun-Korenzo Dow hol.ls .Ir. e^ , , „ ee , ' 1^7^ ' ' "^rT"'' " '"''''''' .uuiuet Kleteher-Tlu, i-rimitivo M^ Z^::^7 ZluS^t^'T '" '"■'' "" ..van,elis,s-nar,.ey ,anu.ud.-Cl.arh.s ...ahanil;:;; : J U~^ -Knngra ,ou to A,neriea-Clarke-s Connnontaries-Kinorv visL ,' S^; w ' ren.' .MUt-Seee«.u.n-Meth,,dis, Free (hureh-Wn. (apersVi.sits Kn.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CIIAl'TKIJ XW. WkslKVAMSM AliliOAI). First missionary to tho West Indies-I.erseention-n'e.t India Jlissions-Convert ed neKroes-Knianeipation-Kig-.t In.n.lred thousand freed.ne, ',„ India-Coke-s .loath-Coylon-Missions i„ IndiM- Ur e. M 7 *-"' '" n.ission.-TheheroofAs,.an,ee--Thels,andWor;do :7 ri:::t^^^ 7^a;;sr:7^^'^;;;L;;'-^;;.:;i:r''--'- -•■■ -'™-^-;:r,:::^;'s • . . 3 < IIAI'TKI! X.Wl. WKSI.KVAN KmCAIIONAI, M'OHK. '\«l"''''w';;,''',n;. "tm ",""" ,""■;.'" """-"■■■■" ••■'">'" «' Kh.»..v -«-„„„„„,„. . 325 f ! The Story in America. ( HAl'TKU I. KiKST Tiil.vr.s. Pliilip i:iiiliury— Hiirbiini Ili'ck— The llrst coii.irri'f^iition in America— Tlio old Kigging Lol't— Ciiptiiin Wi'bli— Tlic lirst fli:i|U'l in Anici'ica — The lirsi Cluiri-li in I'liiliuleliiliiii — Kinliury'sdciith— H(>l)crt Strawhritlgf— I'icliiiril Owen, tirst native American i)reacli- er— Tile society in New York— The lirst Viri-ania -ociety — John King, the Hero of -Methodism in Baltimori'. .......... 4 (HAl'TKU II. l!i;IethotIism on Staten Island — The cities comfortable. th(^ backwoods rf)ngli — Asl)ury made snperintcndeiit — First (,)nartcrl>- (Onfcri'nce — Strawberry Alley — Lovely Lane— Uankiii. .......... 16 CIIAI'TKI! III. FlKST Tin.N(;S AND I!lSIN(; Ill-.KOES. T'lie First Conlercnco— Wesley misunderstands some American needs— Robert AVUl- iams, the personal Book Concern — Captain Wcl)l)'s di'ath — Williiim Watters, the lirst native itinerant — In X'irginia ansley's advice to America ii prcachi'r--,"Savc souls and leave politics alone"— Fourfold increase during the war— Knglish itinerants leave— Asbnry stays— "It is not the part of a good shepherd to leave his Hocks in I iaie of danger" — >hadl()rd on the Brnns- wiek eireilit— Asbury's retreat — liichard Bassctt — I'lillip Itarratt— Asbnry in J)elii- wiire- In the southern wilderness— In German settlements— Coke ct)mes to Amer- (10) <)1' iiii; Ci;.ntikv. Statistics (>f lis beginniiiK — liiiilding schools — The rule of slavery — Some slaves set free — George Washington dines (Joke, wlio iir(!sents an eiiiancipation petition — Their views ,,jri.,.i. — At CharU'slon- The lirst eollege—Souih (Jarolina— Georgia — Nova Scotia —First confeiHMice In New .Jersey— Book Concern founded 1701 — Lee; in New Kn- glanil— Three women at Stratileld were the (irst M. K. eliurch in N'ew England — First chapel In Xcw Knglaiid— Aslmr.v in New Knglund— First .Sunday-school In America— Spread of the Church, 17'.i-2. . . . . . . . .77 (JllAI'TKIt I.\. SCIIISM.S AND KMINK.Nf CII AliACTt'llS. Eminent chavaclcrs— The llrst discontent— ()'Kcll.\- its leaifcr—Hepublican Methodists —Hammett—Asbury'.s thoughts on Whltelleld— In eastern Iventucky — Asbuiy sees the lower plantations— lie loses noble friends— Abbott's death— McKendree the future bishop —(Jeorgc Pickering- Ezekiel Cooper— Pennsylvania men— Thomas \V.,,.e— Mrs. Moore at Soutbhold— Hoston iiniu'oves— Canii)-iiieetiug John Allen — Southern men in tlie Xortli— \\ilbialiaiii— Snctheii— Ne-w Eughuul. . . .93 ( IIAPTEK X. Wll-D Wi;Sl' AND CANADA. The rough frontier— Its llrst preachers— (;»■ v. Tiilin— MeCormlek enters a wild re- gion—The tlrst itlneraiit— The West Is good soil— The lirst preaehijr for Canada- Methodism needed In Canada— Tra\cl in central New Vork— Hearty welcomes- Methodism patriotic. ........... 102 CHAPTEK \I. I'KliSONS AND InCIDICNTS. General Conference, 177iiii\vooi|y— ( liiii'lcMtown—Kiclniionil— Thomas Lyall— Alnhaiiiii— Lorenzo Dow — l^minciit lyrcaclicrs— I,o\ iiU I'icri-c— .John Karly— William (Jai)— KvaiiN Cliain'l— Kcvcrly Waui,'li— Aslmiy f,^ro\vs old— Ottorhoiii— Death of Asbury uiiil I. CO. ............. 132 I r* C'lIAPTKU XIV. *'' ."Mi'.v AM) l)()iN<;s IN Tin: Noktii. John Kniory— .Jacob (ii-iibcr— Taney as ailvocato and judLCi'— l{f)l)oi't Seney— .Separa- tion of Africans— AlVicaii .M. K. Church— Noali Lcviii,i;s— African Zion Clinrch— Af- rican IJeWiel Clunch— Centi'al anutsi(le— Nolley .-.utfers— Nolley's death —The J mlians— Stewart and I'ointer— Harriet Stuljbs — ludiaii Mis^ions cstab- hshcd ■ . 141 cirAi'Tj:R XV. LKdlSLATIOV AND I'SAGK. The General Conference— Its powers— Cnioii with Protestant Episcopal Church— Me- Kendree the new Bishop— Ills sermon— First Delegated (icncral ( onferenee — I'ews — Hvil>- Lay delcifation— A land of lilierty— The Kny;lish laity— Knu:lish usaf,'e— Dis- a^ree^■leLt. ............ 171 CHAl'TLli XVI. Tin: .Mktiiooist I'lfDTKsrANi' Ciiuitcii. Wm. S. Stockton— "Associate Methodist licl'oriners" — New Chiircli — Numl)»rs and titli- — I'eellliai' iV-alures — (iettin;jr under way — T'lic wonl "wlnte'' — IIapi)\' union — W ar times— Failure— Wliisky— Some day. . . . . . . . . 17P CIIAl'TKK XVII. Lav DKLicd.vnoN— Thk I'acikic Coast. Earnestly debated— Carried— sirauij;e errand- .lastni I^ee— Wm. Roberts— Saved to the Nation — Model Indian aLrent— lioim-li times— The tirst Church— Wm. Taylor — The Chinese — Otis Gibson— Chinatown— (io an- ITonithreo to twelve thou.sau.l. . '""""" ^^'"•''^'-^^''"'••''i at s, it Lake City- f irAPTKi; XX. Mi;rii«)ijisM IN Ai'uiCA. Liberia— A good eonntrv— " A[v ,.niti>,i, •■ i . woman au.l her power-A uo,L wllv-'uT We!;,, Khr'tT^' recove,,.-A lone ...en-Ann Wilkins-I'rosperitv-Zoda- V h n Kroon.an-Three work- names-The Slavr Pons-xhe last white <->ven,or- y,,,,- life- Metho.list an Alriean 15ishop_ni„..„. Gllbcn Uav.-rKhe'r '"'?'' f^"^^"'^-'''- '"■'•"s at sclioo! — IJisliop M-,„. Taylur. -Jio CllAI'Ti:i! XXL •MF.TlIOnr.SM IX CIII.N.V AXDJmmn Its niitset— Foocllow— li(,m,il'ilin- tu. <• . , ver.-The tirst preachel^^^s Si: ! ^u ,:::!;^^>;-'->'-nP- Wiley-The hrs, eon- WileyVsdea,h-U„spital-K uran,./, . Vi ,M ■ """" — ^ ^'""" ''""i'.v- Hp. oniu. pre..„M.ikado ,.wai.d,n;s:ii-r: ^^''!;'T;!:;r''r-:''''^^ •n .rapan-Iapa-iese in Cali.ornia-Corea ..ntered in .^.^j"^-^'^^"";'^ thrive-s.hools ClLM'TKlt xxir. -MlOTiloIJISM 1\ Jxj,!^. The Last India Coni])iinv hinders-W,,, i'„ti Siidis-Tho lirnt .ser,nonL.M,„,it the n UK ■' r^^^ p.-oaehingtake«-Lneknow-Varh,s si, io""^ ^;"-' l-'«a.hing--M,.,hodlst -Child .narria^es-ilindoo ^om^Z^r^y Z:^;?'^''^ ""'" ^""— ^■-eh -Miss J.ore-s niedieal pnn.,i<.e-Then tl t vm"m, ^^^<''•'^-^"methin^^ prineely --rd <.t-..ierit-Kd„ea,i„„_w,,, '";;,V''^^^^^^ seainan-s work-U...,oon and suj^':^,:;;:^-'::::::::' ''■ '^•;«'"urn-caleutta- ClIAPTKU XXIII. '^^'■-■''"'"""' '^- ■^••••■'■" AM> f.,.AM,s„ AMI-KICV ■\:rThr^L;:;t^;::i: JS:;;^-''- - --l-nnenos Ayres-l>en.pster- -••ears..„_The sontnern, ost "n, • k'"""' ■^'•■'""'"-^h Indian in nni.orin Imil «'fMontezunui-Adversaries-Mo . ,7 • '''''■'■'-^^''''- ''"H''''-Tlio .Mob.s_i nebla-L,„.,,„nre and sehools-Me.Meo. CIlAl'TKI; XXIV. iMKTiroDisM IN- H|{()1>1- The work iH.gins here-1'astor Ile.lstroni's l{e,h,.| p,„", la.alofthe nn,h.i.,d,t sun"-,;,,,,,. „ „ . ' '"'-^'^^ '^^'•'^">' f^'oes to Norway-.-The The tirst M. K. Cluirel.-l,. ..j; '".'•''''''"• ^ " ^''"'-^-^n - Swe,lish hiws- -rvi,.,.-,„, any ..„„.,.,. K,,,:,"-?; ~^'''';:^ to Italy-.Iis lirst iuitomo-Tiio ro,,f i.ast-A Cn.e ai :-v:;;^;'T '~l'"^'^ i'auI-A lo..^-snir,.rin.^nM^opl,._A poor priest Th~^- 7 '"'''"' '" ''^■■•'^■^••^-^'ii"t (.iovernn,..nt'sat,i,n.k- „,war,l >I ., hJ; ti ^'' ,r""''''''~'^'""'""-J'"-^-^i'^>' f-tsof ,helMss„.Tu..kish war-w'; "-.*;'■ ""'""" "• '-■ ^"»••'^"-'^'■■ atnro-Tlie w„rk tak,., ,., ,1,,. „i,, U,nm ~n \'^l I'T"- ••"'"•"•''-J"foby-Li„.r- I'ard na,n,.-A.la,u.,.e,.n.,u..re,l- lu vTi '■""' ""-'-'a.'.v .■no.'l-A ucation-liisl,,.piiu,.s,-i;,.su!,V. ;^ •'"" ^"""J"^">-^''''^''-^-^witzcrIand-l-:,|. < HAI'TKK- XXV. ^ . .,,, ^'""'■'- ^"•'>"""^^' AM. s,o„, ( „ax,;k „f Usa,;f ";c:^;,^:i™^;;;:s.;:i;t;;:;,:^i:;;;-;;:i;;;;.:;: -.-..u.«,„-x„.,,„.._ •24-2 •262 283 293 317 14 (•(>NTr:NT,- k il ( IIAI'TKI; XXVI. .MKriini>i>i l.rri:i!.\Tfi!i:. Woli-v ii> iiiillior— ( li;nli-» ii> pucl — Wcslcyim JiooU Hodiii— Tlic ISiioK ( oni'ci'ii — Il.s lliiiinccs— rcriodii'iil: — Success — Siiiidays-ehoil IiiHtitiltcs— Kiliiciilioiial Scicicly — (.'liildrcnV l>iiy— Kluiiiicut men— SiiiimicrllcM— ('ookiimn— Simiison. . . . •I'.N) < llATTElt -WVJI. Mkiiiodism a.mom; riri: Kkkkhmion. Great needs -Not of ifi'vei'iniieiitMl. but of eliiirelil>- elVoit — Mow tlie work bciraii — Ti'ials - Illiteracy— Jiiipi'inciiient — Ili^'lier Schools — I'lark liiivei'sity — A'ariows institutions— Hopes. ........... Xii* ( IFAI'TKI} X.WIII. Methodist Hkskvolknces. Missionary Society— The Clmrcli Soiitli— Cliurcli Extension, s. S. I'nion — Trad Socie- ty— W. !•'. M. Society — \V. II. M. Society — Education— Some institutions presented — lioston Theolofriciil Scliool— Garrett ISiljlieal rustitut<'— Drew Seminary— We-leyan University -Oliio Wesleyan I niversity— Nortli Western rniversity— Vauderliili I'ni- versity. .......... . . 344 < IIAI'TKU XXIX. Mktiiodist HiSIIOl'.S. From Coke to Hamline previously given —Janes — Scott — Simpson — Rakor — Ames — I lark — Thompson— Kingslity — Howman — Harris— Foster — Wiley — .Merrill — An- (Iri'ws— Haven— I'eck— Warren— F'oss-IInrst — K.O. Haven— Nindc—Walden— .Mai la- lieu— Fowler — .Missionary llishops- Rurns — Rolx rts— Taylor— Risiiojis, wh\- given — Bishops of the Church South— From Sou'e to l>off!.'ett i)rcvi(>usly jrivcn— Wishtman— Marvin— McTyeire— Keener— Granbery-P.Trker— Wilson— Ilargrrove— Duncan— Cinl- loway— Hendricks— Key. .......... .3,")H ( HAJ'TKli XXX. Kkckn r Kv.\N(iKi.isTs. The First Methodist preachers evangelists— In tlie early Church— Prpaehing the chief work— The modern evangelist a ^fethodist iiroduct— Dow— Moody— His youth— His beginnings— .Sankey— Their work altroart- ISIoody at Xorthlield— Women as labor- ers— Mrs. Van Cott— Frances K.Willard— Methodist teinperanc( — TIios. Harrison — His various labors— Indianapolis— Cincinnati— Decatur— Sam Jones— iris aiipearance and muiuier- Inagrandchoral— Sam Jtnies in Cincinnati— Sam Small— Hejircscnta- tives. 420 CHAPTKK.WXI. ( IIAI T.VItJlA. The Lake— .1. H. Vincent- His (>nrly laboi's- Unity of Sunday-school work— I'niform lessons — Pleasant nnil'ormity — The ])lace chosen — Various Churches — Tlu' lirst branch— The C. I..S. ('.—Its work, how done— Firsl graduation— Other courses- Col- lege of Liberal Arts— School of Theology — .TeiMisalem Chamber— Literature — Chau- tauqua nmltiplied— Chantanqua illuslrates .Methodism .... . 44S The giT.wtli ot one is good fo l)i'osi)ec; . . . . . CHAl'TF.i: XXXII. Fl-TIUK MKTIIODISM. all— No new doctriiii ov iisage- l{ctrodi)ect and 4.'i!> •5*f*ti'**^*f* ^'•' The Story in England. Bri.FAST roM.KfJR, IriKT- AM) full pilfrc r.iiVN!., Haiti, !■: oi' rui: (.''■""( ie at IHIil.IN, IHEEANI), New MeTIIODIST Co I, I, El, i; at Knniskielen, Iueeand, in IT.'iS, \\v.\y nv (from a rarr /iriiit' '^tccl jlniuli' full i);i;;t' Kl'WOKTII Pauson.voe Fi,etciiek, John, P.ikihpi.aci; oi' Forx! 'UV CHArEi,, The ( )i,i > Gl,AS(iOW, .SCCTUAND, ViKW OI" {I'nnii (I I'tire jiriiit) (ulee! fiiiisli' lull ii;if,'(' IIlALV ON ATHI.ONE ClKCl n Initial I,.e iteus, TJecinnini; i;ach Cha iteu KiNi;s\vooD, KxoEAND, New School at ],iiNlioN, KN(;lani), View oe (troma rare jiritit) {atril jXnish^: lull iniiit' I,()\ E KEAsr Tl( IvET, SPECIMEN OE A ,Manciii;stei!, Knoland, View oe [from a rare iiriiil) (sleet jiiiinh^ full pMt^c Moiu'.iNo A .Methodist 1'i!i:acheu Newcastle, Knoland, \'iew oe Q'roiii !t,(l jini^li) lull pairc New( Asii.i; oiti'HAN House, Old Newcasile Oui'HAN House, New Ni'.wi;ate Jail, London, Knoland, K.\teuioi4 oe C'"''"'" " rurc i rint) (sfer/ nnisli full p;iy:i' Nevvi;aTE.Tail, John Wesi.ev Pkeaihini; to Piusuneus in (I.XEOKD, ENOLAND, \IEW I(I', SI low I NO ( IIKIST ( 'IlUltCJl ( (>l,I.i;(;i; instil / Jill i.ill, lull pllLIl' I!l( IIMOXD TlIEOLOlilCAI, iNSTIll HON SlIEl'EIELD, Kn(!LAND, VIEW OE (/nun d rare print) [stcil jinisli) lull piiiri' SlinniELD, (HAltLI'.S \Vi;si,EV IN A MOP. AT Slli;il'!EI,D, Weslev CoLLEOE Sri!i!EV (IIAPIM,, London, Kni;i,and, Kowland Hii.i, Pi;i;a( hino in j'rom a nn-r print) SUUUEV TlIEAIEU, LoMniN, I.NOl.AND (from (ivdrc print) (steel Jhii.i/i) lull \);rj:r St. Giles' (ihimh, (kippleoa ii:, J,onI)on, Knoland yfro'n ) l.-'l i;i4 41 ■MO \m '20(1 1.-.0 .»■! i:is •2.'n :!(i;5 140 74 ss :',ir, ■J-.':! s.", i:io l-JT •21 |S ■JO'.I 48 :!(•: 10.-, 107 IS! JS2 :is .1(10 u\ iLi.rsruATioNs. (,,< (H 'I'm TU.KS, IKKI.AM), Wi;>I.F.V AN CllAl'Kt, AT 23!) 'loMiA, Fiji Islands, liitsr .Mission JIousk at 3.J4 Tki:>i;( ca C()Li,i;(ii;, Wai,i;s !»."i W'KSM.v, .Toil V, AM) lliCAi: Nash 70 \Vi:si,i;v,.ToiiN-, WiiKS a ( iiii.ii m' I'i ano 118 M'Ksri.KV, .Ion X, AM) Till-; I lis nop 'i\ Wi;si,i:v, .loiiN, KscAi'i; ritoM ISiumm; .'J'.i Wi.si.KV, .John, I'lfKAiiiiso on His Katiiku's Tomii lull i>ii,ii,'c so \Vi;si.KV,.IoiiN, ri:i;A(iiiNi; in a J'ltn ati; Hoi si; ITS \Vi>i.KV's, John, I)i;Ai'ii-m:i> lull ikij^Sc -JiO \\i;>i.i:v, UrsTS and Moni'mknts ok .Ioiin and Ciiaiu.ks, in \Vi:siminsti:k Aitiii.v, riiUimtrc IKi \Vi.si,;;v, ^MoNi'MENT at Criv ItoAi) Ciiai'KI lull |)ii;r<; "201 M'Ksi.KV's Ti!i:i;, -John, Winciiki.ska, IInci.and •21.'> W'KSi.r.VAN NoiiMAi, sciiooi., \\i:m .MiNsii;it, Kni;i.an|) full \k['^v .'{JS Wkstminsi'du AI!Hi;v, Noitiii \ii;\v or lull |i;i^'t' 117 WiiiTKi'ir.i.D's llorsi;, (iriLi'ouD, Connkctk it 17'J \ViiriT;rii:i.i)'sTo.Mi! in CiiruciiAT Ni:\vm inrour, Massaciiisktts full \Kfj:v 174 PORTRAITS. .John \Vlsi.i;v {•'liil purl rail) front is\)ioc« Hknson, .Tosi.rii (s/ , .John— TlIK Fikst Tkktotalek {stael Jinisk) cabinet -211.) I„IVIN(iSTONK, T)AVII) cal)!!!!'! -IM J.lTlIKl!, :Mautin {a/ecijiiii.sh) viunielle (jrroui) 47 31i;lanctiion {steel jinish) vignette f^roup 47 Kki,so\, John !)!) Nkwion, .Iohn {.itcd fmi'ili) 1!)> Nkw r( )N, KollKUT {ftchhii/) eabiuet -283 Oc ; i,i;tii( )in'K, Gen. Ja.mks {steel jlnisli) ;Vi I'lNCiioN, William >roKLi:v {ctchiuij) cabinet .i.'Ji Kaiki:s, l!oin;i!T {^tul finish) cabinet 2.")3 l{I(a,,.lAMK>ll. {etdiiiiij) calnnet 32!) Ko(,i:i!s, llKSTKK Ann -^77 Tauaia, Tin: .sava(jL ;{jl Tk. Koric, The (iiKisiiAN ;{jl \Vats( )n, lUciiAUi) •>73 Wksi.kv, (iiaklk.s {(ti-hinij) full pafje 44 \VLSl,l;V, SAMILI ^(J Wlslio , .sisANNA {sti'llfinish) full iiaye 32 A\' Ks 1 1. 1 : > , . J oi I N irt Whiikkikld, Gv.okuv. (steel finish) full i)iige M \ViLin;i!Koi{Ci;. \Vm. {siri-l finish) lull page 312 ZiNZINDOKK, COKNT OK CXK KOLAS Li'D^viG) {Steel finish) 143 23!> 3J4 <.),"i 70 118 n ;j'j lull im.m' Hit ITS riill inigf --'5 I Aitiir.v, lull i)ii;;(' IK! .full i)!i,i,'(; -JOl '^75 ■ full \K\iXi' :!-2S . lull ii;ij,'i' 117 17-2 .full pMnv 174 ..fabini't -291 ..:'ul)ir.('t '-'f<(5 ttc group 47 ilMl .lull i)iiK(! -IM ...ciiliiiH'l -^DS 210 -278 full piiw Its 127 ISO '.« ..cabinet 331 2(i8 tii3f,n()ui) 47 . .cabinet ill.") .(•abini't 237 III' ^iroup 47 tc f,n'oui) 47 !K) I'.t2 rabiuot 2S8 r)2 cabiiiut 3.34 (•aliinct 2.'>3 .(•alMut't 32',) 277 .321 321 273 ull page 44 •2(> I'ullpiige 32 '2.'> jull i)!ige .">5 lull page 31-2 143 ^A^,*i*t^f^*^ ^*-' The Story in America. Amaz()m.\.v Indians WousuiriNO the Rising Sun mil page 2si Rai.timokk, FiiiST Mktiiodist rnrAniivd iv luii page II JSAUiMOKi:, AUUi:>i TING TIIK JNlKl UUUI.S I S IN 13 lULTIMflKK, CKNTKNAH V ISmUCAI. INSTITI'TE 3,V. l!Al,ri.M()Ui:, RloiNT %i:i{N()V IM.ach ( iiri{( ii full page 22 UAlUliLLV , lAUIA, IIOMK iUU hxUX iMiSSIONAlUKS lull page '2t;s TlAKIKT.T.V, iNniA, MISSION HoMR A.S'I) Ouril AN AfiK full page 2fii; IjAKKArX'.S CUAl'EL, DKLAWAUK 4li Bl, VflC IlAKKV (H; Bu(tK CONCKUN, MKTUODIST, XKW YOKIC ;1,! I BdSTON, FlUST MKKTINO-HOrSE IN 8i> Bii.sTON Umveksit V scuooi, OF TiiEOLOG V full page 3.51 Bkkmkn, Church and Tract House 315 CaMV MEETTXC., PiNNKK AT IflS t'ESTIUS, PVKAMIU OE, AND CE.METEUV, llOME, ITALY {ntceljiilish) lull page 3(14 Chautauqua, New York, View of. full page 4l."( ClIAirAUQUA T.AKE.VlKWOI' ill CllALTAUy UA, An Aeternoon at T'.t Chautauqua, Ouientai., House, Museum and Bazar at full i)at;c 447 Chautauqua, PHiL()S()rHYHALL.AT 4:.o Chautauqua, Van Lennap Exi'laininu Models of I'alestine at full ]>agc 4H) CHINESE HCRIRE full page StiO CllUISTlANA CllURCU, NORWAY 'i'M Chii'I'ewa Indians, Baptism nr Torcu-ligut of 220 Den vi:u, Colorado, Univershv oe Mo ■F:A(iLE Hill, IMadras Presidency, India, View of full page 2.")!> Five Points INIission, New York City — r.i7 Fooniow, CHINA, View of full page 242 Foociiow, China, Mission Sunday-school full page 247 Father Time 402 Forty Fort Church 7o Fu.iis AN, J A FAN, Mount of I'.iT Gammon School of Theolouy', Atlanta, GEOR(iiA :M3 GARRETT BIULICAL INSTITUTE, AIeMORI AL IIaLL OE .i.'i2 Heck Hall, Garrett Biulical Institute I'l HINDU Women Rescued from Degradation full pagi^ 273 Initial Letters Be(;innin(', Kach Cii after India, ISIissionarv Tent Liee 272 India, Graduating (Jlass 277 India, Teaching in a Zenana 27ii John Street Parsonage, New York City, Old 10 John Street " Old Wesley Chai-el," New York City 7 MoAii, Model of JNIountains of lul Monrovia, President Roberts' House at 234 (17) l^ ILIA .STIJATIONS. Ml »s?j:m T«< • V ■.'fil Nasiivii.m:, Ti:nnk.«i,si;i;, \i;\v Mi KisDini; M. i;. ( in urii Sin rii at lull piitfo 174 \i;\v VouK ( ITV, ST, I'Ai r,'«. .M. !■;. ( iiriirii lull \Ti;U.V I'.MVKUMTV, KVA.V.NTIJN, Jl,l.l.\t)lft lull pUgc 111 OCEAX (il!i)\ i; (AMPMKKTIXd ( JUOINK II'.' OHIO, Filial' Ml.KTIMillniM; in m7 OHIO \Vi:.sLi:vAN l,Mvi;usn'v :\M riiKisi;, Cilixv, ViKAV OF full page •-'."i.! l'iiii.Ai)i;i,i'iii \, Si. (ii;oi!i;i:'s .M. l). ( iirucii II l!li;i.l.M. l.ol r/l'iii'; oi.n, Ni;\v \i>\ili ( [iv (! l!i)\ll., ITAI.V, SI. I'Ai i;s Jl. K. ( riiKi II .'i07 1! I SSI AN- M. K. < iiAri;i„TiiK Oni.i 3i)l Ki ixi:i> TiJ.Mii.iis 40 St. soimii a, Ci )ns lANTiNori.K, Mosi^ri; or 240 SA.V FHANt 1M < ), FlUST M, K. t llLKCll li)i San' Fi!an( is( oCiiinesi; Mission ."H) Sanannaii, •>()() ANi)iii;\vs, Kdwaki) G., JUsuof 38i AUMIMIS {.■-2 IJOKIIM , 1 1 1 N l{ V U(j HosK, 1! A.M ( iiiNi)i;i: -llS JiOWMAN, 'I'llDMAS, IJlsllOP ;J74 I5i:iiiii;i;, Lnn ,s II Vhi I'.icKi.KV, .Tamics ^I :ii!t Burns, Fr.vncis, Bisiior 400 Cauman, Ai.I!i:i!T, nTsiioi' 10,") Cait;i!s, William, itisiior !.!,•) CAMi'iii;i.L, .lAiiKZ I'lTT, IJisuor 113 C AUTWIUG HT, rKTEIl 158 Cask, M'ii.i.iam 14G Chinksk, Fiiis t, Convekt, ITij Po Mi lahinct 2iii (TIINKSI-: .MLVISTKUS, roUTKAITS OF I'lU.ST glDUp 'Jli) Cl ai:k i:, T>.vvis ^V asgatt, Bishop .")09 CooKMAN, Ci:oi!(;k G cabinet :)34 CLHU V, J >ANII,L ,528 Docir.KTT, T>A viD Seth, Bishop in9 Dow, J.IJUENZO 123 DiruiHN, Joiix ruicE KM Dt'NCAN, William Wall.vce, Bishop -IK! Eahlv, John, Bishop 407 Eiiitruv, I'liiLiP 4 II: ILM >TK.\TI<)NS. lit EMoRV, .TolIN, Hl'Ilnl' I|.> 1 IM.I.V,.lAMi:» IJ l.Vj 1 I.-K, '.Vll.lItU lis KosH, (viirs 1)., nisiioi' ,^y,, >(i>ii;ii, ItANKoi.i'M >., IliMim .i;; I n\Vl.i;il, ( llAlll.i;.sll., I'.IMKil' , ;ji).| (lAi.i.iiw..^ , ('. 11., Uisiinr 417 (J A itiii:Tis< IN , Fui:i;iii >un ,vi (il.oliiil.KNOf'II, Jllsllni- 17.-, tiKAMli;U^. -John C, J!l>lliir Ill CiiiANT, ^I.v.s.sI;HSIMl•S(J^(s^•c^/^)i^5/0 lullicuf -iiii (jIllt<"Ni *JI'^ !'•»' IlAMU:«K, T-F.nxinAHL.,Hisii<)i' ;5,-,H Jl AKItIS, Wll.l.I A.V. l..,]HSl!(ll' ,i7l| II AVIS, (ill.llKIlT, lilSlluP ,{>» j1am:n, KltASll .s(».,J{|SII<)|' ;;i)j llAKillil>\ K, IJollKKT K., r.ISIlOr 41.". llri>1iIN(i, Kl.I.IAU.r.ISlini' !■.>;! JllNliKlX, KLLilONlO, JJlSIKH' 41,S lli;( K, TlARUAllA :. III I!.-* 1,. John F., liisiioi' .iitii jANKs, F.DMfM) S., nisiior ;>,(;ii JoNiiS, .Sam cabiuot 4:i.'i Kavan AUfiii, ITniiiiAui) II., Bishop 4i)S K iiM.ii, .Toiix Ciiui.STi.VN, IJisiioi' 41:; l K1.M..SLLV, Calvin 3'U M Ai.i.A i.lKr, WILLAUI> F. , r.isiior ;);i7 Makvix, Knocu M., BisHui' 4 1 II AI i: liiiii.T., .si r.nii-.N IM., Bisikm' ;isi >1( < A1!K, CllAlU.KS C ;iH M( Ki:xiii!i:r.,Wii.MA.M, Bisiior 9ri .M( Kkan,J( hiK 1(!1 3I( TvKiiu;, Holland N., Bisiioi- 411 ;MII.M".I{, LKWIS (stecijiiiish) cnliuirt 447 Hlociiiv, Dwiiiin L I'lilpini'l 4H MoKlU.s, T110MA.S A., Bl.S'UUl' Ha 310 Xast, William. NiNDK, William X., Bisiiui' Olin, STEniEN Paink, IJoiiKKT, Bisnor j'AKKEu, Linus, Bisiioi- Pkck, Jkssi; T., Blsiiop PiKUCi:, Gi:oU(iK F Uankin, Thomas (steel JinUIi) UoiiKUTS, .ToiiN W., Bisiior liOHKltiS, UoliKUT HiCUIOltl), BiSllOl'. K(»IiKKTS, B. T.,BlSH01> (steel Jill Uh)... Sankky, Ik a D St'oTT, Levi, Bi.siior Simi'.sox, Matthkw, Bishop (sterl finish). .cabiuet .cabinet s;\'\l rabiiit't Smalt., .^am Sni.thkn,ni< holas J. .rabinct .cubiiiet St()< TON, Thomas llKWLiKiis STK A WIIKIDI I F., UOIIFHT SummkukiklI), John (steel finish) full pajro Swain, Cauuik .M ;i',t:! i;n 4i»; 41.". 3S.5 407 •24 401 vy> 318 4'2.') 'M-i 3i!4 47.i 100 337 181 1-2 33.-. ■271 ILLl>«Ti;ATl()N>i. Tm i.ou, Ki>w\i{i>T IM 'I'a* i.iiii, W ir.i.iAM, HiMHd' iMliliift Krj TlOM'^ON, i;ii\\ AUlJ, lilMIOI' llTll TuiMiii.i:, ,1\\\: (.Htfi'ljliii^h) ciiliiiut 1..4 Van < orr, Mits. MAiiiiii: do VAMiKUitii.T, <:<)U.M;i.ir.s(.«.7((7/J)i(.<7(, caliliirt lU viNci.M, Jdiivir mj WAi(r:,',''iii(M AS ;i7 ^V^l{l!l,^, ilKMiV W ., Iiisiitii' :t -iltl .(IIS I.'.l! cilbliu't 1(17 HO,') m '•'^'Jtiir^ '»*»«i.ii.t-.-»ij- 1^ CIIAITKi; I. 77/r ( )r!>ilii nj' Ml flidil Ism. '() THINK (if Mctliodisiii mscoh- "'- lined to M l»i;ili(li of llic ( Jcii- <'i':il ( 'liiircli would Im- wroiii;-. \\ WMs Mot >o roliliiicd lit its '/iK'ir'iiiiiiiii:-. It iiitrodiu-cd to the world no new (•cck'siasti- - cid institute, l»ut a newness of '-^ life ; not a new loniuda of doctrines, hut a fresh and full experience, under docti'incs acco})te New Testa- ment in (ireek and to try to conform llieir i(h'as and their he- havioi- most strictly to Ihe sanu\ a younu" gentleman of Christ Church College called out : "Here is a new set of M(f1i(nl!sts sj)rung nj) !" The new, (|uaint name found instant currency, and the ''set'" were known as ^h'tliodisfs all over the Tnivorsity. Thus came llie word now familiar througli all the world. All to whom it was given wore zealous members of the Church of •) 5P 20 TIk: t^ton/ of ^h'tliiKUKHi, : f il k 4 i ! I I. Kiiillx)ii. 21 Ixxly w;is t:ir and lioiu'stly 'ss and liariii- ICll. Ji revival of aiu'i' was to d a tt'lt and ; so sinii)Ic I oi' nuMidc'd. ; silently but the Cliuivl), 'Always and d with niar- y. " What "liTown so )Uiuk'r huilt tar hoyond \v called it k was so ill 'ere given — the clear, , of a ta.sk ant of such AuiTustine il years l»e- Mi, like the lly had the "oui l^)ine, lionianist, juce, or tor 1 with Ku- ainted with I llie >niell of huuia-i saeritiees in tires of Kiiolish kindlino-. All llii> stir of the pangs and passions of Hu heart was ruinous to ]iicty. Not but there W(>re instances of religious character in tli(.>e troublous times. Personal (h-votion was often pure and perfect, and such divines as liaxter, Harrow. Owen and Howe were stars of the lirst magnitude in the upper sky of the faith, ^'et the shocking immorality of the Court of Charles JI. coin- cided with the teaching of Ih.bbes in blank iiiHdelity. and i)()pu- JMiiziiig of ich'as of '-Natural Religion," nearly with that of the ''noble savage." Fashionable society became frivolous and vile. a> the dramas of Congreve and other favorite writers show. At the end of the seventeenth century Kngland was on the way to a irjection of Christianity from all the circles of fashion, h.arning and nobility. As Bp. IJntler says, "Christianity seems at length to have been found out to be iictitious." TIumi followed a train of deists and inlidels of little magnitude, but each the product niid the producer of wide unbelief, until towards the rear of the procession came the greatest of sceptical writers, Ilimie and (Jib- I'oM. So had the classes ruling in politics, literature and societv become immoral, ungodly and unbelieving, that their influence was felt in France, and French intidelity was at first a product of the English disbelief. Wiien Rousseau and Voltaire arose, there was a reaction, and scoils and sneers from France were caught and re})eated in England. Against this evil stream the Ix^st of English literature ottered a feeble barrier. Addison, Swift, Gray and Thomson, and tiie like, themselves believers, were too genial, too little in earn- est to serv(> as .•eforniers. They spoke pleasantly for the truth ; tiiey told of the vanity of the world ; they gave fair but far-away views of the excellence of piety, but they had no temper for the stern task of reform. They shraidc from social exile ; they felt no call to bear the apostolic cross ; they did not covet the risk of martyrdom. Revival could not come fnmi (hem. 22 7'A'? Stoi'i/ of Mcllioillsin. Nor was help conn'iiir tVom tlu' Iiulo}H'n(lent Clmrchos. Litera- ture must find its market rather than create it, and its oftice is to entertain rather tlian to reform. It is therefore; not to l)e ex- peetod that men of letters Avill address themselves to the task — the severest cncr set to man — that of saving' his brother. AVork- er>: therein nmst he of sterner stuff and dee])er eonvietions. One miuht have thouii'ht that the Churehcs of the Pili^-rims and of Cromwell Avould furnish flu; Elijahs and John the Baptists of the hour. These were in a strani:e decay, woi'u Avitli controversy and smitten with the hroad ai?d])aneful l)light of half-heart(>dness. Xor had these or tlie Baptists or tlu; Quakei's any valuable influ- ence with the ruliuii" classes, flu; leaders of society. A[uch darker, ])ecause uni'elieved by taste and refinement, was the state of tlu; lower classes. In the michlh; of the last century, the novel, then a new appearance in our literature, be«ran its "Stories of Life." AVe may i'ssumc! that Fieldini:, for example, presents low life as it actually was. Ilis "Tom Jones" gives a brutality and drunkenness, an impurity, a general l)arbarism in country life, as his own judicial experience showed it, and in city life, that is api)allinir. Darkness was on the land, and gross darkni'ss on the peoj)le of the first and greatest of J*rotestant na- tions. From the death of ('romwell. in Ki.Vs, who, as his mighty spirit ))assereathed faintly : "(rod will be with His jx'oplc ! " to the beginning of Methodism as a forct; in 17.')-'^ — eighty yeai's — ♦he night grew a})ace. Then came a dawn. The utterances of thoughtful nuMi in this ))eriod are sad and desponding. They are like those of the best Romans when tlu; Km})ire began to decline and fall. Says Bp, Ijurnet : "I see ruin hanging over the Church. I must give vent to my sad thoughts, to the sul»ject of my many secret mournings." And this he j)r()ceeds at full length to do. Dr. Watts, the sweet, mournful poet, speaks of the general decay of vital religion, and The Oi'iriii, (,f Method Isiii. 23 hcs. Litora- ts office is to ot to l»e ox- () tlio task — her. AVork- tions. Pilgrims and ti Baptists of controversy •hoartcdnoss. lua])lo influ- nement, Avas last century, S Ijeiraa its or example, es" gives ii arharism in and in city . and gross :)testant na- liis nn'glity ed faintly : .Methodism I'c. Tiien ire sad and ^ when the t : " J s lor the using of all cHorts tor the recovery of dying religion in the world. AVe read from another: "Almost all vital religion is lost out of (he world." Another tells us: "All that is restriclivelv Christian is banished and despised." Oue year l)ef()re the rise of Methodism, Seeker, Archl.ishop of Canterlmry, wrote : "('hri>- tianity is ridiculed with very little reserve, and the teachers of it Avilh none at all."' Of this Southey says: "The clergv had lost all aulhoi-ity : they had also lost respect," and liurnet had said that the cleigy of England were under more contempt than those of any Church in Europe. Of the Independent Churches a writer of their own says that their piety was to })e found "nowhere but in their l)ooks." Tithes were paid: the dignities, the architect- ure of the Church were maintained : l)ut there were no missions, no ditfusion of Scripture, no Sunday-schools, no social meetinos. As Archl)ishop Leighton said: "The Church had come to be a 'fair carcass."" "W(> start, for life is wanting there !"' Xever in all the history of the Church was a time when the oft- quoted words of St. Augustine l)ecame more impressive: "Man's .■xtremity is (Jod's opportunity." The chill an i-cwiirdod liiiii with the liviiiii' of Kpworth. Of this ohsfurc villaiic he hcciiinc rector ill 1(!I>7, Mild so rcinaiiu'd for inorc^ than o!» years. His irraiid- father, l)arthoh)iiie\v Wesley, a ch'riryinan who had. as an ama- teur, studied niedicine, hecanie a Puritan. At the Kestoration he was exih'd from his peoph', the Five-mih' Act forhiddiiiii- him to come within tive mih's of those whom he had served. He then lived by Ids medieal profession, takinu" without murmur his atHic- tions. His son flolm, fatlior of th(^ rector of Kp- worth, (h'ank a cu]) of lik(> attiiction. From liis studies at Oxford ho went (hirinishoi)"s appeal was lost Tliti (Ji'lij'in itf Mi'flimHsnl •l,y 1 liiiii with cauic rector His irraiid- iis Mil iiiua- storation lio :liiii:' liini to Ifc thou iir his atHie- iff- to serve '•en doiiiii'. V gracious lost " Voii will stand to your priiieiples, you >ay ? " " 1 intend it. through the uraee ot" (iod." The liishop uiuh'rstood his mettle. ■■ I will not meddle with you." said he. " Farewell to you. sir." replied Mr. \\"esiley. " Farewell, good Mr. \\'estley," mildly responded the ))relate. Mr. \\'estley was soon ill prison for his lay- preaehing. He would not take the oath to eon- t'ormto the l*rayer-P>ook and to the Cliureh, thouiih he had the ex- aiiii)h^ ot" many who, taUinu" it, reserved in mind the riL^ht to con- strue it. He would not so juugle with his con- science. H e was (h'iven from } )lace to place ho was lined : he was toi ir time imprisoned, onco for lialf a \'ear H eaiK his fainilv lived 1>\- the en ntriltutions of churches which the law forhade him t o serve His lit'e of persecution, toil, and sulferiiii:', was brief. In ItKlS, ;it the age of forty-two, he had tilled up his measure of the sutfcr- iiigs ot" his Lord and entered into rest, before the death of his i:ray-haired. sorrowing father, liartholoniew. The \ icar. of Pres- ton, where he died, forhadi' his lairial in the church, hut his grave is in the church-yard. \o truer ser\ ant of ( 'hrist e\'er went fi a tight of atllictions into the heavenly ])eae(>. GUI All tiiis troul)le caiiie of hi< opposition to the liook of ( 'ominon J 26 77/t' >^fnr>/ of' Mi'IIkhI isn). ' Ir Prayer. Jt is straiiuc tliat a hook in wliidi so many tiiul liclp and 1)lossiiit:' sliould he rcjccti'd l»y a man so dc v(»ut. with pcrsistcMicc even unlo death, hul one ran hardly walk ihe iii'oiind where his ashes lir unmarked, without a tender thouiziit lor a iiood and hrave man who went down in >ull"erini2' tor eonscicnee'- >ake. His <2i'aiidsons wei'e ol" like unlliiiehinji' temjx'r. Ot" his two sons, Ahil- tliew and Sanund. the former ))eeame a sue- cesst'ul ])hysic'ian. Tlie hitter intended to he- come a 1 )issentini: I'ler- i>"vman, l)ut. rather than a]){)rove of the l)ehead- inu" of Cdiarles I., he returned to the Kstah- lished ("hureh. .\t six- teen, we tind him enter- illii' Exeter Colleu'e, Ox- ford University, witli two |)oun(ls, tive shil- linu's in his jxx-ket. \\\ helping' the haekward, L instruetinu" as tutor, and hy some writing', he sui)i)()rted himself, and tinally left eolleii'e with ten 1)ouikIs, fifteen shillinu's. He was also, duriui:' hi> studies, a Christian worker. He \isited the jn-iscMiers in the Castle, to Aviiom pity and comfort rarely came. He looked tor the neglected pool': in fact, he set there an example that his sons afterwards did Avell to follow. Jicavinii' the Fniveivsity. he met, in Lon(h)n, !Miss Susanna An- nesk\v. and she hecame his wile. Then, for awhile, he was curate in Lon(h)n and chaplain in the licet. He wa> too independent to SAMlll, WKSI.KV. ^11 Till' Or ill III I if Milliinl !sni . 11(1 liclj) and pcrsistciici' I wlicrc his (1 :iii(l liravc >:iki'. Ills '.-y^^M ■■> -"ir^Sf?- ■^X^: mmm mm^^ ^'^■fi ■olloac with studies, ii Casth', to ic ncjilectcd ■rwards ilid isaniia Aii- was curate |)l'll(U'Ut to ri'^c l»\' the fa^ ors ot" tlic iircat. lie hail l»iit tit'tv pounds a year lor >i\ years — not "))assiiii:- i-ieh "" lor a laiiiily ol' already six eliil- dreii. Then he came to l']|)\vort ji. Here, with two hundred ]»ouii(l> a year, and an active pen. he >iip|)orted and educated nineteen children. lie was a man ot" real learnini:' and iniineiise energy ol" mind. A Latin dissertation on Jolt \\a> his i:reatest work. He dedi- cated three \<)luiiies to three successive (Queens o!" Knulaiid. i'oetry was a jiassioii with him. and he made u|) in tjuantity what lie lacked in (|ua]ity. Pope seems to honor him with a place in the hmiciad. hut, on ))ersoiial ac(|uaintance. the critic says to Swift : "1 tell you, he is a learned man, and I eiii^aii'c you will approve his prose more than you t'ormerly did his poeti-y." He was a true jiastor. He kejit personal knowledu-e of his ])eople and recorded all his visits. The had were otrended at his life and his ])reachinu'. and annoyed him in many a way, hut his hrave, hroad heart ncAcr failed or was discouraged. Once he was ar- rested for a small debt and kept for three months in prison. He at once hecaiiie a chaplain to his fellow-prisoners, readinii' prayers and |)reachin()od here, and, it may he. more in this new ])ai'ish than in the old one." His own chei'rfuhiess wa> up- held by his wife's fortitude, otherwise, as he says, " It is not every one that could hear these things. "' She sent him her rinus to huy for himself comfoi'ts, hut he returned them. For all these trouhlos he still wouhl not leave Kiiworth. "'Tis like a coward to desert my post because the enemy lires thick upon me. They lia\'e only wounded me yet, and I believe cannot kill me."" His soul went t"ar beyond the iirecincts of Kpworth. He drew a missionary plan for evanu'eliziiiii" the foreign l>iMtish i»ossessions, iiicludiiiii' even China and India. Adam Clarke says that it was pi'acticahle, and AVi'slev olfered to undertake it in his own perxm if the irovernmeiit would care for his famils and endor-e the »'n- 28 II i! i I t If- 1 • Tito, fStorif (if Mi'llnid !s)ii. Ici'prisc. Tho timo had not yd coinc. I'lic luissioiiai'y work of the world was not to Ix'iiin with thi^ favor ot" the; jircat, l>ut with the sacriticcs ot" the hunihh'. Mcainvhih', as Wcsh'v pressed his scheme with the Arehhishop of York, and tlie Prime Minister Waljxth', there was one urowiiiii' n}) in Hpworth i)ars()naire, say- in_ir liis prayers at his motlier's knee, who was to deelare : "The woi'ld is my parish I "' and make irood his declaration. This " Father of tlie Wesleys *' had a soul of healtiiy humor. His ])arish clerk was vain and stupid, fond of wearinu' the rec- tor's cast-otf clotlies, and ev(Mi his wijjfs, tliouirii thesci were too larjjo for him. One of these wijrs was so larirc! as to make the clerk's fiifure ridiculous, and Mr. Wesley took the case in hand. Arranjiiui^ that ho himself slioidd road the tirst lino of a ])salm of his own choosinu:, and the clerk the second. lie read, as suitable for his "■ particular subject " : " Like to ail owl in ivy bush."' The clerk "lined" from within the wiii". in which his head was "remote and half seen," •' That rueful lliinjj: am I." The c()n<>'r(>i>ation burst into lauahter. and the effect on tho clerk was ext-elleiit. So was Samuel ^^'esley's intense and toilful spii'it lubricated by a steady How of humor and a lively sensci of the ridii'idous, Ilis conversation was rich in wit and Avisdom, in vivacity and illustration. Yet \\v could do a foolish thinu'. One evenina", as he read prayers for tlu^ Kinu', William III., ]\Irs. Wesley did not say Anu'ii. II(^ asked the reason. She did not Ixdieve he had a riiiht to b(! Kiui:". " ^^'e must part," said Mr. ^^'esley : " if we have two kiuii's. we must have two Ix'ds." She was inllexible. lie left the house and did not return until after a year, when AVilliam's death and the accession of Anne nave them a sovereian whom both acknowledged. Married life was then resumed as !> I ■"» Tin- Orii/i'ii nf MithniUshi. 21 1 iry work of 1, Imt with ])ross('(l his ic .Minister ouiiiTo, say- re : I lie hy humor. i_.-i, 17;5.-i, that this brave and nifted man .Mitered into rest. II,., "a penitent without witness of panh.n " f„r sev- enty years, hut the Smi looked in upon his soul from the rim of the western horizon, and at evenin- time it was lio-ht. "Ar." you not near heaven ? " was tlu- last question. " Ves, I am ! " was "the ivply in all the tones of Joy his failin- orirans eouhl eommand. In old times his aneestors had fouo-ht in the Crusades. He had the erusadino; heart and it passed on to his sons. "The mother of tho Lesleys was the mother of Metho largest eonirre- .L^ationsin London, one hein- "the l.road St. (iiles." When the crisis already notieed eanie, he, liko John Westlev (the spellin- of his name, as he himself spelt it, distinguishes him trom lihi ,-n.ndson), refuse.l to "eonform,- and he drank of the eup of his iHnnhl.M- brother. For ov.m- thirty n.n-s he had so,v trials, but lu' was never battled or east ehanty: his life-lono- lu-ahli was e,,ual to the exeeution of his lioart s desn-es. The author of Robins,,,, C^msoe has l,>ft an eleoy tclin,., the pertW-tion of his eharaeter. liaxter. ( alamv and tlu- other noneonformists aeeou„tef<>r'/ of ^lillniil ism l>uri:il ill his ui'mnc. Mill iiiorc Idudiiiii:' i-> tln' \o\vv ot oiu' of Ills Miirci-iii-' Itrcllircii ;il lii> fmifrnl : "O how iiiMiiy i)l:ic('s h:ul p. s:it ill (hirkiu'ss, how many ministers had been starved, if Dr. An- iiesley had died lliirly years since ! '' "What a eoiitrasl in liviiii: nieii did Mn;Liland >how I Such a man was eontemijorary with Till' ()r!f Ml iliiiilisiii. ;ii lee (»l (Hie df y ])l!ic('s had iirri ^1 , if Dr. Aii- sl ill liviiiir )()r:irv with ( 'liarlt'>" (•••itit , with ('oiiltcvc"-. coiiicdy, with SwilVs uiisaiithropy Miitl Uoliiiii'ln'oU*'"- Mth('i>iii I Ilis (laiii^litcrs inherited hi< personal heaiily and the tVeech^iii Mild energy <'• li'"' mind. Iletnre >he was ihilteeii, Siisaiilia had lor jieisell" >tuenters, and eahnly and openly tooU the >i(h' ol' the (lllireh. Her iiohle lather saw tlie opinions, tor whieli he had toiled and .^iillered, rejected in his own house. He stilled all re- gret, and all heneath his root" were ol" one loviiii:" heart, and his devout hilt (h'cided daughter was to his aU'eetions fully as dear as ever. At twenty, when married, she was well educated, ^^'illlout any striking" display of i^'cniiis, eiiouii'h is left of her let- ter- and her life to show that >lie was the peer of Lady .Montagu, tlie tirst Knu'li^h woman of the ))eriod. if lu* in lirilliancy, still ill hrea(hh, clearness and powei". More than one of her l>ioi2ra|)liors speaks of her i)crs()nnl lieaiity. Sir Peter Lely, the famous court-painter of ('liarh's, lia> LMven a j)ortrait of her sistoi-, a wonitm wliosi^ charms could have no hiirher conijdinient than to he a suliject for his liand, hut one, who knew liotli sisters, tells us Susanna was far the more heautiful. Her portrait, taken at ahout twenty-tive — ahout tivo years after her niaiTia;ii"e — jxivos a face that one cannot choose hut achniro. It lias an air of liiah hreedina", hut there is a touchinu' simplicity, a liveliness and a sweetness beaminu" over all. One writer, lookinu' upon this picture and reiuemherinji; what virtues adorned the fair ori<2'inal, and how, after the toils and struuirles of three-score years and ten, her soul and her face wei'e still full of liii'ht and sweetness, is not ashamed to vent his feelinirs in tears. "Such a woman, take lier for all in all, F have not heard of, T have not read of, nor with her (>(|ual have I been acquainted." He almost thinks that Solomon saw her from afai- and took from her the portrait of the perfect woman ! Studyiuii" her character and thinkiiiiji: of the noble women later risen, one finds himself. MUf<. MSA.NNA \V1>LI.V, "TIIL .MDTIlI.l! HI MEniODISJl." I The Ui'i'jin iif J/( f/(Offi.-tin, iil'trr II criitmy aiid !i liall", >till >iiyiiig, '"IIioii cxiclK'^l llu-iii '■%■} ;-+? V . Al ;iIm)1iI liic wiir of thirty .-lie r('>i»l\c(l to ^pciid jin lioiii' ciicli iiKpriiiiii:' !Hitii(ly, mikI tlii> liiiltit >lii' kciil uiiln'okfii l>y the (Ifiiiaiids of lici' liouscliold. Of Iicr iiiiirtci'U fliildrcii, ti'ii li\'»'d to he cducMtcd, aiul this duty fell (til her, .lor wjis she cNcr charged with iiciilcct of (h)in('stic id- fairs. Vet ii) tliox- pre- cious hours she itlauiied and partially executed several important works, l)esides \\ritin«jr copious vahial)le Ihouiihts and criticisms on manifold toi)ics. The family now form- '^ ed at Kpworth came ot sucii ancestry — "a breed of nohle l>h)ods'" — and, of all the families of Kn- ffland, liiirli or low, iu the eiiihteenth century, none has so imi)resscd the world. It is well worth while to study closely its home life and trainiuii". The Kpworth i)ars(>nai2'e was now a hundred years old, built in those days when Shane and lluiih O'Neill went down in Ireland, and the seed was sown of that bad harvest of tyranny and mas- sacre of which the lileaninus are not yet all pithered. Under its thatched roof were a larue hall, a ])arlor, a "l)utterv," three lariic chambers, some smaller rooms, and a study. This last was the rector's own. Here he wrote his sermons and wasted ( y) his hours in rhymes, " that found him \h)ov at first and kept El'WUUTH I'AHSONAGE. i iU M Till Sti,,-!/ nf Ml fhoiUftn). iiini so."' Over all tlic rt'st of the Iidusc Iiis wit'i' was ruler. Slio nianaii'cd outside atlairs also, tlic incoiucs and ('XjxMidilures. Ilcr sou ,loiu» louu' alh'i'wards speaks ol' her as writiuii', eouversiu":'. doini:' all Wusiuess, with thirteen ehildi'eu around her. Ilef tiaiu- iuii" (»t" these ejiildr(>ii was peculiar. It was systt'inatie, loui<"il. " tuetliodieal," as she iu later days rehearsed it to liei" sou. The tirst three months were to he spent l)y the infant mostly iu sleep; it was then laid in the cradle awaUe. i'ocUcmI to sleep and rocUed until its wakiuii". This was to tix the time ol" sle(>pini:', which, heinu" at first three hours in the morniui;' and three in the at'ter- noon, was gradually I'cduced until sleep in the day-time was no lonu'iM' ni'e(h>d. At one year it was tauuht to " cry softly,"" and "the odious noise of cryinu' children'" was rarely heard in the <|uiet house. None ate or drank between meals unless in sick- p.ess, whii'h was rare. .Vt I'iuht in the eveuinu" they went to their rooms and of lliemselves tell asleep unattended. Mrs. \\'esley hehl that " hoth pi'ccept and exami)le will he ineU'ectual "' unless the will ot' the child he suhdiu'd. " Tlicn a child is o-overned hy the reason and i)iety of its j)arents until its own have taken root and matured." The children were taui:ht, at prayer an next task — as with Hebrew students — was to spell and read a chapter in (ieuesis, and to do it pcr/ccfJi/. Sui'h entrance upon education was straight, I'lean and viirtu'ous. She early beoan their religious ti'ainini:'. ^^'hen eiu'ht of her I'hildreu were now of reasonable years, she savs: "I discourse e\ervnii:ht with each child bv itself on somethiiiii' that I'elates to Thtj Orhjln of Mvl/nnl ism. .),) ruler. Slio ilurcs. Her convcrsiu";-. Her fniiii- :iti\', logical, r soil, Tlic llv ill slcc)) ; aiul rocUcd )iii«2". wliicli, in tli(> aftcr- inu' was no ■iot'tly." and K'ard in tlic less ill sick- rent to their Irs. WesU.y ual " unless overned hy ' taken root nd at tahle- I or speak, irs old, hut r the room niystiM-y of it. and I)e- li\-e of the ivo i'e(|uired (h'lits — was t prrftcfji/. .'ipirous. iilht ot" her I discourse t relates to it> principal coneerns. On ^[ollday I talk with Molly ; on Tues- day with Hetty ; Wednesday with Nancy : 'rinn'sdn,/ n'lt/i Jarki/ ; Friday with Fatty; Saturday with Charles; and with Kiiiilv and >uky on Sunday." No wonder Tim rsthn/ heeani(> ".Iack\"s"' Siniilay in lh«' middle of" the week I Tlu're was no afternoon >ervi<'e at Mpworth church, and iiev(>r ;iii cvciiiiii:- service, .Mrs. \\'e>ley thouiiiit she could use the time well, her liu>l)and lu'iui:- then on luisiuess in London and his place lillcd liy a curate, in u'ivinn- to her own family some relioious dis- (duisc and counsel. Others heard of it and hei-retl to come in. and >oon loi'ty were present, 'I'he thinu" iircw. Soon she was rcadiiiU' " the best and most awakeniii;,r- sermons wc had" to ■jatlicriniis ot' over two hundred. Her hushand t'cared this ii()v- (Ily as an invasion of churcl; order, lie pro|)o>ed that " >ome other person " — i.e.. not a woman, otliciate. She writes to him ;il London: "And where is the harm of this? 1 do not think one man ainonu- them coidd read without spcHinn- a oo,,,! .,;,,. i dl' it : and how would that edify the rest?" ller hovs could lead, luit their tiny voices coidd not reach so manv hearers, W, le her hushand hesitated, the uatheriiiH-s nrew to l)e lai'iicr llian the conirreijat ions at the church. His cairate was verv nat- uially urieved. and. with some prominem iiarishioiu'rs, reported lhe>e to .Mr. \\'esley. uivini:- them tlu' name, so odious to churcli- iiicn. "conventicles." She now made iiood her defence: "It was savini:- the common people tVoni immorality ; it was lillin::-np the parish church : some who had not for years iieeii se(>n ther(> were now in attendance." She would stoj) such i:atherint:-s for no man's o'l-umhliiiu-, hut she would olx-y lawful aiithoritv. "('<>ni- niiiiiil me to desist." she says, and she would do so at once, and he, as husi)and and pastor, must take the responsihility. ,liist such a l>:il:mce of zeal, consi-ienee and loyalty appears later in the eliaracter and care(>r of her illustrious >oii. and in no small de- cree fitted him for his work as founder of a Ohrislian iiisiUtute. 3 30 77/e t^/ori/ of JlclliotI Isni. lit il l^- r I Tills t'liralc. .Mr. Imnaii. was a vvvy |)rart!(al prcaclu"'. In cvcrv sci'Uioii lie uri2('(l llic payiiiii' of dclils, and of this the people coMiplained. Mr. AN'cslcy went to licar him i)rc'acli on llic Xaturo of Faith. His second sentence was : " It makes a man pay hi> d(>l>ts as soon as he can." .Mi'. \\'esU'y agreed that "his ease was lost " and we hear no fmther ohjeetions to .Mrs. ^^'esley■s c'(jurse. Of the ten ehildren who came to adnlt years, live Ix-eame iiote- at school in Westminster, he went, at sevenl'eii, to Oxford, where his lariio and ardent mind overtlowed the limi's of the FniviM'sity routine, and he early became known in ^'('ueial scholarship. He was a Tory, and, usinii' his wit against A\'al|)()le, that minister ob.-!ructed his advancement, alleuinu' as a reason lii.-> marriau'i'. This was his occasion of an eiciiant poem to his wife, uloryinu' in the "error" and refusiuii" to reiiret it. His poetical uifts were tine. It is stranii't' h()W jjoetry, which their father was e\-er \ainly attempt iuu', and which their mother iil'iiored. was wonderfully honored in the children. To Samuel we owe some of our best hymns: "The morninu' llowers disj)lay their sweets : " " The Lord of Sal)baths let us praise:" "Hail, Father, whose creat inn' ('all." This eldest brother was too strict a Hiiih ( 'hui'chman and too unbending' :i Tory to approve the course ot' his younger brothers. ( )f this, however, he lived to see i)ut little. After twenty-seven years" service as teacher, beiuii" !it the time Iletid Master of the School at Tiverton, he ended a life of toil, inteuritv and love, lust as his brother, in Ijundon, was formini:' the Tnited Societies, the tirst distinct phase Tlic Or'njin I if Mclliodisiit. f) t Ik."'. Ill every is the ])e()j)Ie on the X.'iture 1 niMii |)!iy his h;it "liis ease Urs. A\'esle_v"s heeiiine noted le eh lest son, riuht,"' as his ' AViis thought four years. n\ put in liis ini:' at sehool icre his lari>e sity routine. He was a 'r oI>.- trueted 'I'his was liis tile "error"' ;>etrv, wliieh lieir iiiotlier i'o Samuel wers (lisj)lay ^e:" '-Hail. as too strict ii})l)rove the he ii\et aniiclie. Ke/iali, crossed in love, was of too vii;-orous sense f(. sink under the trial. She chose to live " disenuaired from the udild." and, though solicited to marry, she felt unable " to dis- cliaiize a wife's i>reat duty as she ouuht." She died unmarried in 1741. Mehetahle was unfortunately married, and pined in neulect and unkindness. Iler health uave way, and, in her nielancholv, she wrote sweet, sad poems to her husband, Mr. Wriiiht, to her dyiiiii' infant, and an epitaph for hei-self. This was the i^avest, biinhtest of the house, who at <'i,iiht years read the (Jreek Testa- iiieiit. In later y(>ars, the consolations of ivliuion iiave her com- fort and peace. Mrs. Hall, AFarthu, was, in looks, closely like her l)rotlier dolin, and their hearts were one in the tenderest synii)atliy. She said her brothers and sisters took the family wit and left her none, Imt she had ample iiitelliii'eiice, and, what Poju" was then praisino- as chief of all thiiiiis — sense. She loved her mother iiit(>nsely, and was loved with even more than would have ln-eii her shar(> of her mother's heart. Her history was sad enough. Mr. Hall led a wretched, outranvous life. Yet her character, amid all the blights lliat fell, was beautiful, and her clear, calm mind undimmed. Dr. Johnson ardently admired her, was fond of disciissino- with her ill theolooy and philosophy, which she could enrich and illustrate with ample (|U()tations of poetry and history. The ureat I'uler in literature even wished her to make her home l)eiieatli his hospi- table roof. She outlived all her sorrows, outlived, too, all her hrothers and sisters. In ITiU, she passed from this world in peace. She, who had l)een the most loved of all, thus liiiuvred 11' ~"" ■ ,—,-»,„ 38 The )>)((>i'i/ of Me(h<)(Usi)ii, f 'I to comfort the lives of all, anVl was "the last of that briiiht hand."' It is well to take fully into our aeeount this Chi'istiau family. Self-centered and self-cultured, such anothei- is hard to \\\\<\. All who iiTcnv uj) were ardent Christians for their life-times. " Such a family,"' says Adam Clarke, "I have never I'cad of, heard of, or known, nor has there heen. since the days of Abraham and Sarah, and .lose))!! and Mary of Na/.areth, a family to whom the human race has heen more indebted."" We ])ro|)()se now to ti'ace more closely the early IIncs of tlu^ two Itrothers who were called to the i:reat work of oriiani/inu' and ])romotinu' in the world that renewal of Christianity called .Meth- odism. John A\'esl(>y was Itorn in the year after that esti-anirement of his pai'cnts. It was when tiie Duke of Marlborouii'h was prepar- ing' l"or thai ureat career that made I"Jiiiland first amoni:' the \m)\\- ers of the woi'ld that the boy api)eared who was to save Knuland Irom her own undoini:', a task which neither warriors nor states- men could perform. It was the fu'st noted event of his lite when tho Epworth jjarsonan'c was iturued. Mrs. ^^^'sley has uiven a lively and u'raphic ai'count of the all'air. "Hetty"" — Mehetalde — was awakened by sparks lallinii' from the roof. ui)on her feet . at midnight , of \\'ednesday. Fel)i'uary lb ITO'.b She was very ill, could neither climb to the windows nor ti'et to the garden door, the only oiu' accessible. She 2'a\<' a monu'ut to j»rayer. " then \\aded through the lire, which did me no further harm than a lit- tle scorchini:' of my hands and face.'" .VII had esi-ajx'd luit John, then six years old. He I'an to a window, and was seen by those outside. A stroui:' man lifted a lighter one upon his shoulders, and this latter took the lad from the window. -lust then the roof lell inwai'd, so that none were harmed. "Come, neighbors, "' said Mr. Wesley, when .lolm was brouiiht into a house where the familv found shelter, "let us kne(d down I Let us liive thaidvs to The Oi'lii'in of M(;tJio((!siii 3l» if thill l)ri,i:ht istiaii family. [ to Hnd. All IK'S. " Such a '. heard of, or am and Sarah, )m the human y li\('s of the oriiani/.iuu" and ; c-alk'd Meth- tranuenuMit of ill was prcpar- loni:' the })o\v- savc Kuii'land )rs nor statcs- his life when has iiiviMi a — Mchctahlc— )n her feet . at was very ill, oai'dcn door, liraycr, " tlu-n rm than a lit- pcd hut riohn, M'lMi l>y those his shoulders, then the roof iiihhors,"' said se whert^ the uive thanks to t (i()(l! lie has iriveii me all of my eiiiht children; let the house o(,. 1 am rich enou.ii'h I" ,l(iliii \\'e>ley was deejjly impressed M'ith this event. The li()U«' did " u'o," with all its contents. Oidy the family were saved, and his own was a hair-hreadth escape. In one of his c;irl\ prints is represented a Iturnin^' house with a child heing i l> NOT TIMS A IIKAM) rHTKi:i> FROM I'lli; m!!MN(i ? " rescuetl at an u))per window. And this is the insciiption : "Is not this a hi-and ))lucked from the l»urnini> V" The founder of Methodism w:is to stay until his work was done — more than foui'-scoi-c eai'nest, active, etlicient years thereafter. At nine \-eai's, John, with four other children, had the small- 40 J h(' Shn'i/ (if MiIIkkI I'siu . ■i\ pox. L;i(lv .MoiilMiiu li;i(l iii>t iiitr()(liicc(l iiiociilMt ion 1o llic world's notice, Nut Jcimci'V wiccinnlion wns not to rciicxf the
  • (';i>(' for more tli;in a Iniiidrcd years yet to come. ".laciv," writes liis iiiollier to Iii> f'atliei' in London, "lias hore his diseast- l)ra\('ly . like a man, and, iiidee(l. like a ( 'lirist ian, witliont any eoni- plaint : lliouiili he seemed aniiry at the sinalI-])o.\ when they wci'e >ore, as w (' i:ues>ed liy lii> lookiniz' sourly at them, lor he never said anythiiii:'.'" She already had some toreteelini^' that this was to he the loi'emost ol' her tamily, and she says, with emphasis; "I do intend to be more partieidarly careful ol" the >oul ol" this child." Well and wisely, indeed, did >lie train him t"oi' that un- known, hut not unt"elt, lii,iih callinii' I Dui'inii' these years sti'anii'e "noises" were heard at the K])- worth parsonaii'e. They wei-e lirst heard in the whist lin^" ot" the wind outside. Latches wei'e lifted: windows rattled, and all me- tallic substances raniz' tunet"ully. l\\ a room where per>ons talkecl, sani:', or made any noi>e, its hollow tones uaxc all the loudei" ac- companiment. Thei'e \\as a sound ol" doors >lannninL:', ol" cur- tains draw iiiLi, ol" >lioes dancinn' without a wearer. When any one wi>he(l to pass a door, it> latch was politely lil'tecl for them I)et"ore tlioy touched it . A trencher, untouched upon the tal>le, danced to unheard nnisic. 'I'he house-doi;', w iih furious harkini:', met the unseen intruder, the first day, in l>ra\(' mast ill' >tyle, t»ut there- iiftei' he sneaked, cowed and whinini:", hehiiid >ome human friend. .\t family prayei's the " ji'ohlin " uave thundering;" knocks at tho .\men, and, when Mr. AN'eslcy pi-ayed for the Kiiii;', the disloyal beini:' "pushed him violently"" in anii'cr. 'I'he stout I'cctor shamed it , t"or annoyiuii" <"hildren, and dai'ed it to meet him alone in his study and pick up a iiauntlet thei'e. // nlici/cd Mrs. W'cslci/. Tf she stamped on the lloor and hade it answei', its resjjonse was in- ^^tallt. If one said, " It is only a rat," the noise was the more fast and furious. At last the family seeme(l to enjoy their lively and harndess unseen L!uest. and wheji, after two months, he left Tin: ()i'iiini uf M< llmd isi 41 l;iti(iii to the () rclicxt' tlic lie. " .lack," I' his disease loul any coiii- icii llicy were t'oi' lie never llial lliis was ill eiiij)liasis : ' sou! oi" this I ioi' that un- [ at the !•:])- istliiii:- of the I, and all me- ltons talked, le ioudei" ae- lini:', of' ctii'- lien any one them Ix'lore il»le, danced inii'. met the . I)iit there- man friend, ocks at tho he disloyal tor sliained done in his llV.s/^y. If nse was in- is the more their lively iths. he left liienu lh<'y l<'>f i"i amnsement I Many, then and >ince. iiavo tfic ;{ i(, explain llif case. Jl was thought to he a >i)ii'it strayed hcvond it- home and clime, as an Arabian locust has l»een found in Hyde Park. ( )f sucli ihinus this wi'iter lia^ no theory. There are more thiuLis in heaven and eai'tli than hi'- knowledii'e or philoso- pliy can compass. Oidy lie is sure that outsid(> of this world lies J 42 Thff f^fori/ of MiIIkxI Isiii, a s))iritiiiil (loiiiiiiii, iiiid it is iidt straiiirc tlisil llicrc should Itc iu- tci'c'oiniminicalion. In those days there was iniieh hlaidv, sensual uiil)eliet'. \v\ the apj)arilion ot" Mrs, \'eal, a ticliou hy the writer of Kohinsou Crusoe, was widely helie.-ed, and Dr. .lohnson never dou])ted that a lihost was hauntini:' Cock Lane, in London. The ofl'eet ot' these " Kpworth noises'" on John ^^'esley's mind was exe(dlent. Jt tauii'ht him to aeknowleduc fully the spiritual world, and, at the same time, neither to fear nor regard il. I le lielievoc) III.\1!TI:U-1101SK SlllUOL in (rod evei'V hour of his life : with spii-its he had >imi)ly noth- inii" to do. IIi> ealliuii' did not ero>s their>. .Vt thii'teen, riolm left Lpworth home t'or >chool. in London. Charter-House, a (|uaint l)uildin;L:' at the ujjper end of Aldersuate Street (now, alas I to l)e taken down for " improvements ") , was, of old, a monastery, of Cai'tlmsians. from whom il> name eomos In con'uption. In the tierce times, the skin of a Danish jjiratc had l)een naiU-d to its door. In jflll. the y<'ar of Kinii' .lames' Hil)le, il liad l»ecn Iiomiiit and endowed li\- Sir Thomas Sutton as Thff Orifiii, (,f Method ism, 4H should he in- '•l.'iiik, sciisiml l>y the writer ■loliiisoii iicvor I^oiulou. The y"s mi IK I \v;,s pirituiil world, II<' l»«'Ii('vp(] iiHj)ly iiofh- in Loudon. Aldcrsojite Ills"), was, mine couios luisli pirate ^iii,2" daincs' s Sutton as liospiti.l, chiiiK-l Mud scliool-lunise. Haoou calls it "a triple o(„,d,- and Fuller "tlM" nmsteri)ieee of I'rotestaut - Kn<.|isli eliarilv." 1 1.. re were sueli hoys as Addisou and Hlac^Ustone, of earlier days, and (irote and Tl.aekeray, of later. Provision is here ina(h" for the M.n> of "poor -enth'nu'u" who are anxious, yet unal.le. to ed- u.ate iIh'U- >ons, and th.. roll „f its pupils proves what it has preparMtion for the Tnivershy, w<. trace the hoyl,„„d of ( 'harlcs. He was yomio-er than John hy mon- than live y.-ars. In the family at Ki)worth, the fut.nv po(.t ma.h" no marked H-ure. Me di -enerous hrother supported Charles, trainin- him v.-ry care- fully in his own Ili-h-Church ]n-inciph>s. Charles had now "a fair escape-," as John calls it. from another (U'stinv. Richard AVesley. a kinsman to Kpw<,rth, was a c-hildless ,nan. of lan-e fortune, in Ireland. 11,- wrote to ask if there was a "Charles Wcs, hy ■• there, tor such a one hc> would -ladly aslcv " ( Vnalvst ^pellin^, 1N(.,„. ,)u,,. of Wellington. an;v. a. m. Till- Or i' I ill of' Mftlinil isiii 4.') lli.'(in'iit Onliiincr, lui-lit the woi'ld li;i\c iiii>>f(| o|" ihc urcul (,ciii'r:il iiiid tilt' .urciil I'ort ! (liiirlcs \\iis ('ii:lit('('ii when lie Avcnt lo the l'iii\»'r>it\'. r;i->iiiii' lidw I'roiii Itdvliood. tlioc lM(-ii were well runii>lu'(l loi' llic c'lrcci' wliicli \v:i> to n|>cli Ix'lui'c llicili. Ill person llicy were IimkIIn oI" ;i\ craiic slnturc lnil tliry were ot" >yiiiin('try aclinii'jihlc Tlii'ir pliy-ifitl luiliits were dl'a S|);irt;iii v;\>\. They could ciulure toil Mild liuii,i:'er, not oidy willi i);itieiiee, hut even ii stoical disre- MMi'd. doliii liiid II niarNcloiis conmiand of sleep. It e;inie at hisi call. and. for ti ft y years, this '" chief iioui'i>lier at life's feast " never faih'd to i:'i\'c liiiu jn'onipt and uiil)i'oken refrcslnnciit . In all his lii()\(Miieiits. whether he spoke, oi' walked, or I'ode, his ease and eiieriiy were wonderful, and his Itody randy failed to do the l)id- diiii:' of lii> mind. Uoth ln'others were sweet and powerful sini:- eis. Indeed, the Mpworth home was a very nest of souiisters. The family of Charles retained this musical tii ft , and a son lu'caino Mil artist of eminence, and two of his i:reat-i:raiulsons, now Kn- i^lisli clergy men, have kc))t sometliinj:' of tlicii" inlieiMtance. The lirothers sauii" their own hynms, not, however, exteniporizini:-, niid their clear, strouii' voices often ser\'ed to ([ludl the rude and riotous. .More \ii!()rous int(dlects than theirs rar(dy entered the I'liivcrsity. -lohn's memory was wonderful. To his dyinu' day lie seemed to forii'ct no person or incident. He marks h()\v lirand- sons chauii'c*! the estates that he had seen lifty years hefore. He touched upou every hraiu-h of human Icarniiiii', and only Art seemed to he that for which he could allord no leisure. lUit he lijid a liv(dy feelim:' of the heautiful in nature, and one to whom poetry and music were so couii'enial and ohedient. was not witli- out artistic ca})acity. The l)r()tlu'rs entered Oxford as Christian men. Thoy brought, from Ki)W()i'th, to their schools, deep convictions of Christian Inith and unfalteriniT contideuce in the Founder of the Christian re- liLHon. Thev were leading' l»lam(de>s lives : they looketl forward iG 77/'' Shifi^ itf Millii III iShi . to clu'cl'l'lll service ill t lie ( '|iiil'<'li, Ic I*!li;:l;ili< 1 Jilid. t linilii:il Kll- glaiid. Id iii;iiikiii(l. W'r >li;ill >•■<• liou . in llirir liciirl-, convict ions led to cNpci icncc-< ; liow lonuini;-' iind >t i'ui:i:lcs .'ilicr " more lit*' iind fuller " were >;itislied, jiiid how tliey were endowed with power iVoin on liiiih. >o ;i> to enter njion their c'lreer "like strong' men to run ;i r;ice.'" We li!i\(' presented the tiimilv :it I'^pworth. iind the Vouii"' H'es- h'vs.lhns I'ully — perluips more t'liily than is in due i)rop()rtioi tuis Itook — ItecMUse u e li:i\(' ill it such all e.\ain|»le and such tcaeliini:'. The Church and the world are u'i\ in,::' »'ver lamer honor 1o thci hoiix'hold ill which were la-oon ite used in saci'ed soiii;- more widely than any other, heais the name of l"]p- woi'tli. to perpetuate t he >Weet home t hat did >o much to hriliu" mii^ic into the modern >er\ ice of the ('linrch I'roin which, in the 1 U(i pre\ ioiis eeiitui'io, il liadlieeli painfully excluded: '" where soii^^s ro>e iVolii lilT.tel'ul lieaiM- to the li>teliilii!' lieaven>." and iieiiiiihors were drawn to a worship kiiidreil to that <»f »Ier' 'in, which i^ aliove the home eternal in the lieaxcn^. \ ^. coiiviclidiis 'V " IIKM'C lilt' idowcd with '■ liUf stronji; ■ vouii"' n't's- xii'lioi .iiis icli Iciiciiiiiji'. lioiior 1() llic )l' the liiiiuaii II !)(' used in ii;iliif of I'^j)- lu-li l(t hrinu' which, in the (led : " where (•;i\('li>.*" Mild »f' .Ici" 'Ml. .IiMis cvi.vi.N, rreuch I'rotustaiit Kcformcr, not-n l.vm, I)ica l.")t;i. .Ions in; Wvci.ir, Kugllsh Pa'fnrmcr, anil Translator of tlu" JJiiilc, Horn l.'.-.'l, Died 1J:?4. Maktin I-rniEl!, LcaikT of (icniiaii lii-ionaatiuii, IJuni IJ-."., DicmI l.'Mii. .loii.N Knox, •Sfottisli Reformer, P.orn ]."(i:i, T)ie.V , •* 1 : ! *' - . . ' ' : . ^ i^ ■■M. if! ( lIATTKi: II. IJt'i III O.rfnnl. ;i^ijv* 'J' ().\l"i>r(l. llif W'olcy- cniiic into >\\v\\ y^j'il coimcctidii willi dlhcr- of tlicir own V!^\l^f ''.-*' '""' '"*'''"!'''<'•'■'' ill'"'' "111" >t«'rv V\vt cuilirju'c iinicli iiiorc tlinii tln'ir ])('i's(tii:il lii>l()r\ . 'I'lic l'ni\ I'lsil V ;iii- tlioi'it ics were :il;iniic(l ;il the iirow ill of '^5^^~^ iiilidclitv in llic I'nivcrsity . :in(l llic \'ic(' - ('li;iiic('ll(ir i»iU'(l :in " edict " .•iHMJiisI it. Tilt' (Milr.'incc ot" the \\'cs|cy>, and xtuic oilier tiicn iA' kindred >|)iril. was hetler than many edicts, doliii Wesley i;a\e liiiiiselt" to intense stiuly^ ami this rapidly (h-veloped and polished lii> nat* ural altilitii'>. For reci'eatioii. he wrote i>oelry, aiu) his lather, scciiiLi' in hini the Liit! deiiieil to hi- own l()ni:iiiii>, wrote to him, "not to Itiii'y hi> talent." In all liis reliu'ioii-- and theoloLiical readiuL:'. hi> inotlier was still his i:iiide, and her discussions with him are acute and copiou>. and their impres>ion> deep and la>tiiii:'. In the clas>ics ;uid inatlieinal it's he j)ro- Lii'csx'd rapidly. and hi> >l iirealhad- niiicil. Ai t w t'lily-three, and Itel'ore ItecomiiiL;' Master ol" Arts, he \\a> clioseii Lecturer iii(ireei<. He had already t'oiind that '" there are many thin;:s not worth kn(»winu. * aiiil he wa-> actiiii;' on the maxim wlii"h he at'terwards ]iu1 in lorni : " N»'\-er l»e lui- einplosed ; iieN er he t riirMi.ij;iy employed."" i i! i i 50 f ' 'J7(e f^/nri/ of Mdltodmn, U His attainnHMits, and the rcpulc iiainod at tlu; rnivorslty as "a lord in the realm of mind," st'rvcd well his work in many a later crisis. Ho i>av(' liimsclt' to the sci'vices of \\\v ("Imrch, and was or- dained Deacon in 172."), and Priest in ITi^S.hy Dr. l*ottcr. Bishop of Oxford. In March, 17:^(!, he was elected Fellow of Lincoln College — i. e., one of its Iciial nianau'ers, with a salary of i!l')(Mi — now woi'th nnu'h more. After his ordination, he assisted his father as cnrate. In all his reliiiions and churcidy (hilies he was most faithful, hut. as a Christian, he was yet unsettled. He thouaht of hecomiiiii" a recluse, or of openiiiij a school "far from the maddeninii' ci'owd." His niothei' foretold l)etter work for him. ^V " serious man,"" whom he went some miles to s(>e, said to him: "The I>il)le knows nothinu' of solitaiy reliii'ion ; you cannot ii'o to heaven alone : younnist, therefore, tind c()m})ani()ns, or make them." \ word it was in season I Kcturninu" to Oxford, he found Charles and others in ,i like re- liirious crisis. These naturally formed a uroup : they were called the Holy Club, the Methodists. They were the Wesleys, Mr. Morgan and Mr. Kii'kham. From XoviMuher, 1721>, they heuan systematic exercises of prayer, study and discussion, for their own l)enetit. In 17;i(). Moriian, a warm-heai'ted Irishman, led his ])retln'en out in visits of mercy to the poor, the ))risoners, the sorrowinii'. l>y his father's advice, \\'esley referred the matter to th(^ liishop, and received that prelate's warm a))j)roval. ''I hear my son John has the honor of hein^Lr >ty!e(l the ' l''ather of the Holy Clul)": if it he so. I am sure I nnist he the grandfather of it : and I need not say that I had rathei* any of my sons should h(> so diunilied and distiniiuished than to have the title ot' His Holinkss."' A stronir', i'atherly endoi-sement I The kind and ucnerous .Morgan (>arly wort; himself out in his labors, and, returniui:' to Ireland, died in peace. Another now api)ears in the place from which he fell out. Life- at (Jxford. 51 ^nivcrsity as " w. in many a later 'li, and was oi- . Potter, Bislio]! How of Lincoln salary of Sir)(Mi , he assisted his ' dnlics he was unsettled. He eliool " far from letter work for iles to see, said ' reliirion : you nd companions, ■rs in .1 like re- ley were called \\'esleys, Mr. \1\K tliey Ix'u'au ion, for their Irishman, led I' ])risoners, the I'ed the matter a])proval. '' 1 he ' I'^ather of he i^randfather y of my soirs Ive Ihe title of |elf out in his Another now (ieorire Whitetield, the chief sai-red orator of modern times, \v:(> Ixirii at Gloucester, 1714. He led a vicious life in his youth, '.(■(•uriu'j.". as he says, "a titness to he damned,"" yet he had some deep reliirous feelinirs. At tifteen, he was waiter in a hotel, and, ill his hlue apron, "washed moi)s and cleaned rooms." Kempis' " Imitation of ("hrist "" fell into his hands. It touched his heart. Hi- iiit't of elotjuence had already been noticed, and he heard that lie could net an education at Oxford. Thither he went as waiter ;iiiervant. expectiuii' to thus provide for his expenses. He was (Xtrenielv devout, and was constant in i)rayers and fastina', hut the wav to pardon and ])eace with (Jod he could not find. " I no more knew that 1 was to he horn airain than if 1 was never horn ;it all." He had heard of the " Methodists,"" and " loved them," licfore lie came to Oxford, and he now took their part airainst all ridicule. He often uazed at the little company as they passed throunii the sneerini;: crowd to church and sacrament, and longed to he one of them. At last the younir orator was introduced to Charles, and the vounu' poet took him into lively and ardent symjjathy. Charles lirouaht his new friend to the Holy Club. They tauuht him how to live to the irlory of God, and he found their rcirimen of prayer and praise, of nu'ditation and philanthrojn', most protitahle and (lelii:litful. Yet lu; was art'ected, as Wesley had Keen, hy the in- 1en>e unnodliness around him, and it seemed as if, in oi-der to serve ( lod, he nuist renounce the world and live in " quietism " and seclusion. \\'esle_\ had himself overcome this feeliuir. He found, as ho aftei'ward told ^Irs. Hamiah More to do in London society, "to keep in the world "" is Christian duty. "1 was delivered," says W'liitelield, "from those wiles of Satan." Here was a siuht for all time to see I \'oltaire was then sayinir, " I am tired of heai-ini:- that t\velve nu'u founded Christianity : I will show that one man can overthrow it I"" So it looked, vet the future of the 4 52 TIk' Sfoi'u of JlH//(ii/istii. ^i II i •I T .11, Chiurli and of the world lay here at Oxford, with four yoiiiii; mon. })rc'|)arina' to unfold in freshness and viiior. John was now invited to Kpwoi'fh to succeed his aged father and maintain the family center. Sanuud joined his father in urir- in()ted. nei>liirent incumbent. A new experience now opened, that this man of Ood might be perfect, thorouahlv furnished unto his irreat callinu'. lie was Lift at O.iforif. ru) ith tour Vduni: his agod (hthor is tiithor in urir- Jolm could not ; ; the family is more, alk (hlen to preach to crowds that cut. (rod miji^ht !)«' niir. lie was a-ki'tl to no to frcoriria. with Creneral Oirlothorpe, as missionary U> tilt' Indians. It was a (juestioii of choice between the calm of the venerable I'niversity, and the vexinir toil and struuule amonj!; siixiiiics under the heats of the South. Hpworth, an intermedi- :it('. lie had rejected: (ieoriria, at the opposite extreme, he ac- cepted. His au'cd and widowed mother wrote him: '' If I had iwcnlv sons, I should rejoice that they were all so employed, tliduirii I should never sec them apiin." Id October. ll'-Wu the Wesleys left Enaland. On the ship were a v'ompany of Moravians, with their liishop. At once Mr. A\'c>lev Itecame the head of the little connnunity. The sup was iit once .1 church and a school, atloat, in the routine of which all look part, and even the children had their share, after the fashion of those in Hpworth. Here occurred a proof of piety that tdurhed Wesh'y's heart. He had noted how free his German fiicnds Avere from pride, anger and revenge. A terrible storm came on. The others were in wild alarm : the (rermans sang, cahnh . " Were you not afraid?" asked Wesley. " I thaidv (rod, no." answered one. " But were not your women and children?" "Xo, our women and children are not afraid to die." Wesley felt that his simple friends had a freedom from mortal bondage, such as he had not reached. In (ieorgia, he consulted Spangenburg, a Moravian pastor, about some plans of labor. "I must tirst ask you one or two (jues- tions — Do you know Jesus Christ ? " "I know that He is the Saviour of the world," replied Wesley. "True, l)ut do you know that He has saved t/oii?" " T hope He has died to save me." The ^Moravian added,: "Do vou know vourself?" " I do," said Wes- ley, but with some misgivings. All these incidents touched his heart, and drew him towards the clear, simple, etfective Christian exjx'rience, which he was soon to declare to the world. They found the Indians inaccessible. The Colonists were of the tyi)e still found in our West. They were demoralized, and ^ I _JIUJH 54 Thy tho Wcslcys, iriiincd no iiitUuMicc ovci- them. Tlic Wcslcys slc})t on the iirouiid. lived on hrcad and wjiter, and went barefoot, hut neither their views nor practices ^vcrc siu'h as to win souls. After a year of toil, amid slander and ])crsecution, with no results, Charles i-eturncd to Kuii'liind. and John soon followed. Durinii' his voyaii'c, he thouiiht over his failure and its causes, and lie gained "an entire new view of reliirion."' His own needs ])rcsse(l u|)on his mind. "I went to America to convert the Indi- ans, hut, () who shall convert me?" wroti- he, as he canu' airain in siii'ht of Eniiland. After his years of devout and upi-iaht liv- ing, he loathed himself. " I am fallen short of tho lilory of (n-d." His views of councils and decrees, and Church order, his earnest studies and self-denials, and ])rof()und thinkiuirs, uave him tio peace. The simple key of faith was not yet in his hand. Whitetield, too, went to (icori^'ia, and his outuoinu' ship passed A^'osley"s, r(>turninu', hard l)y the English coast, takinu' him to a hricf c.\])ericnce in the traininii-uround of the New World. During AVeslev's absence, ^^'hitetield had risen ahoNc the hoi-i/on, full or light, and sj)lendor, and gladness, and had entered upon his mar- velous career. His darkest hour before the dawn, had been very dark, indeed. His agony of mind, over his soul's condition, be- camci intense. He neglected his ))erson until his employers dis- missed him for his shabbiness, and students threw dirt at him in the streets. He lay " whole days and weeks, prostrate on tiui ground." in prayer, with sweat di'ipi)ing from his lace, or trem- bling with cold. His health gave way, and a sickness camo on, "for which J shall bless (iod thi'ough the ages of eternity." \h the sevcMith week of it, he saw that it was i\)v him that the Saviour (lied, that liis sins were boi'ue on the cross. The vision Idled iiis heart with strange and sudden joy. "On that day my joys were like a s])ring-tide, and overliowed the banks; go where I would, lit the utmost zeal ) infliuMK'c (ivcr I on l)r(>ii(l and vs nor ])racti('('s il. amid slander led to Knuland. and its causes, Ills own needs onveit the Indi- is he came ai:ain and upriiiht liv- } ulory of (t(kI."' der, his earnest s, ii'ave him no s hand. )inii' ship passed akinu' him to a World. During' hoi'izon, full or I upon his mar- , had been very ■; eondition, l»e- employiM's dis- dii't at him in ostrate on the faee, or treni- on, eternity." lii hat the Savioui- vision Idled his my joys were sliere I would, liEOIH.K. WllITKl IKLK. r>{] The /Story of M('lli who heard (Jarrick and Chatham, while the connnon people were in wild, uncritical deliaht. His early life taught him how to touch the connnon heart. To this was added "the rinest voice of the century,"" which, in its delicate tones, was still audible to thousands, and in its power, often rose above tlu^ noise of the elements and the tunmit of the peo])le. Xo such orator ever yet spoke our Kuiilish ton_<:ue. Yet the excellency of his power was of God, and not of himself. His Hrst sermon, in the church of hi> childhood, ])roved his power. The liishop was told that hfteen of the heai'crs had u'oiui mad; his answer was, that he would like the madness to abide Llf'i' at Oxford. .X siiu'c." What him. Like w it the lioui's ill (U'cp, jieiUTous 1 on iiu', I iravc )n the cross for caiulidiitc Hvc I uuiiu'M ill llic icf of all siiR'c :, all of his (lay I ho would iro would not hoar rininina' not to totiold j)rosoiit, ' pounds — and thoso pookots. personal (|ual- ith a iionorous nircd hy thoso )innioii pooplo lahl him how 10 Hnost voioo till audihlo to iK)iso of tho rat or over yot lis i)()wor was il, proved his rers had i»-ono less to abide until the next Sabbath. lie was soon i)rcaehin_ir in London. •• \\ li(» is ho?" was the iiKjuirv of a surprised and doliirhted poo- i)|c. who throuirod to hanir upon his lips with stranire emotions, ;iii(l to bless him as ho passed alonu'. The (Jospid soonu'd to them ;i> xjiuothini!' newly revealed : they wore startled, and under it had searcliiiiirs of heart, such as they had never felt Ix'fore. One of til.' " llolv ("lub ■" had thus entered upon his saered oallinii. and the Club itself, at Oxford, was increasing in numbers, and not (IccliiiiMg in character. U'eslov now wrote from (ioorgia, calling Whitetield to his aid. "I)() vt)U ask mo what you shall have? Food to eat, and raiment to put Oil, a house to lay your head in, such as your Lord had iidl. and a crown of glory, that fadoth not away." U'hitetield's heart leaped as at a bugle-call, and ho hastono !! LIf'i' af 0.1 fori/. r.n •1 ,0,1 'If 1 11 IIIMII 1^ < jiiu liis fell o'clocU sermon. After tliis iiiiiiKMisc siir in London, xuiie were i!l!i(l of his depailure for (ieoi'iria. for lliey feiireil wlierelo this lliini:' would urow in llis excess of /,e;d. As we have ,,.cn. ill the orch-r of that l*rovi(h'nee. to whom the welt'are of lear, Wesley was not far away. Ari'lvinn" "at the land whithei' he would l)e," he enlei'ed at once into W'hitetield's laltors. ;iii(l preached to the same crowds : " If any man l)e in Christ, he i> a new creatui'e." ^^'Ilitelield^s \()yai>"e to Amei'ica was with a ship-load of soldiers and cMiiiirants. who. with the crew. wiM'c rouu'h :md uuLi'odJy. lie was faithful in C'hi'islian lal)or, and, l>y the time they reached the Colony, there was a visible iind L^'atifyini:' chaiiiic Four MioMtlis he spent in continuous travel and lahor amouii* the settle- ments, heiiiii' spared many of the hitter trials which the \\'esley> had home, perhaps, indeed, because he had attained a better mind than they. The colony was singularly full of orphan childi'cn. lie determined to found tor them an asylum, and foi' this pm'|)ose he returnecl to Kni:iand in the autunm of \l'.\x. The u'i't'Mt work upon which he was now so titted to enter, upon which he had already entered, was fully oja'ned before him: the work truly calletl "the startinii' point of oui" mo(U'rn religious history." The W'esleys wei'c not yet ready, like himself, but so they were soon to become. John \\'csley (he is henc<'foi"th ]\'i.s/rt/) came upon Kniilish soil in temper v(>rv dill'erent from that in which AMiitetield was Iea\in_i2' it. The llaminu' orator had tak(Mi for his .seal a winu'ed heai't, with the motto, " Let us se(d\ the stars'." A^'esley was bowed and broken in spirit. lie sadly records that he had left his native land to teacii the Indians the natiu'e of Chi'istianity. " What have I myself learned, meantime? What I least suspected — that I myself was never (onverted to (iod." Tie was sure that he was not alone in this grievous state. Thou- sands, placed like hims(df. learned, serious, and servinu' in the Ciiurch. were, could thev but feel it, no better coiiditiono(l than (iO TItc Hfort/ of Mttlntdl.siii. If I I I- \ \ I r. »i. 111'. lie rccoiiiils. ill (l('('|), iVaiik s(»lil()(|iiy, liis !ilt:iimii('nls. his (IcvotioMs, Ills cIiMi'itics, liis l;ili()i"s, liis rcsiijfiiMlioii to the Dixiiic Will. "!)() iill tlicsc lliiiiLis, Ih" llicy more or less, make m iiimii ncccptiildc will) (iod? All Hicsc, wlicii cMiiohlcd l»y t';iilli in ( lirist, aiv holy, Just Mild L''■ W esley lacked, was the only source of joy and i . iv« ("hristianit\- its irlorv. This lack was soon to l)e supplied. He who comma) I()|iI'. JJ; n I Lif'i' (if O.I f'o I'll. fil Itainmcnts, his (() llic I)i\ inc ■i. iiiaUc !i m:iii mI liy I'jiilli ill • iU'c l>iil dimi:' li the auoMV of liiid as tlio sun- |»\v of str'"»»|j.< \\ I,; J . :iv( imiiiM l<'il tlio -crviiiit'- heart witii a VISUM ,ic-.ciit >avi(» 1 of j/lory, ill a kiutwh-diic of ( 'lirist as tlic Inic and 111*. It >^!l^ t*> collie fi'iUii a people of another land ind laiiLina.L'e It i- now lour liiiiKh'ed vears. and more, since Iliissand .leroiuo were lairiiecl at Prague, in Uolieniia. 'I'liey represented those |'iiit(-.|aiil-« to wlioin Anne, their eoiintrv-woiuan, iho "rood (^ueeii (if h'ieliard II. of l^nu'land, had sent preaeliers, trained under Wvclil". the lirst translator of the liihle into Kiiiilish. The I'rot- <'-tani> of r>oheniia had fared hard, and at last were driven from the laiitl. A eoinpany of ten, Heein^' last from ^loravia, and thel ICC known as Moravians, found refuir<' on the «'stale of Count Ziii/ciidorf, a Lusatian nol»h'iiiaii. lie named their home "llerrn- liiit. " iVoiii a wish of liis pious steward that lieiu^ miiih" arise a cit\ whose people miuht he on the "Lord's \\'ateli." The Count hiiii>elf >uirerede(l impulse : from them he was to borrow, iilso, ucli of liis organization and discipline. ^^'e have noticed his ac(|uaintance with Spanuen])or_i>- and the Moiaxians, on his voyaire to fieorii'ia. They had seen his defects, and he had seen their cheerful, simple, eil'ectual piety. The same people had a few small conLireuations in London, and a ])reaclier, Peter Hlthler, had just come to serve in them. Within a week after his own lan-.lluii, \\'eslev met this i^ood man, on Fehruarv 7, 1 (.).■^ I dav much to Ik; rememberec d. Tl leir conversations V •e fre(|uent. "By l)t"ihler, in the hand of the ju^reat (Jod, I was! # -na » 'I i 'Ir 62 T/ie IStoi'i/ of JJethodifun. oonviiK'cd of unholict"."" IIo was jiniazcd iit BlUilor's iiccouiits of the liolincss and liappiiu'ss which attended liviii' at once Into pai'don, love and peace, was the; Moravian doctrine which stan'irered him most. Vet lie owned that the Word said. " Believe, and thou shalt Ix' saved," and, though sad and des))()nd- iuii", and without spiritual witness, he was comiuir towards the Liiiht of I^ife. Charles stepped in before him. lie had been in a Moravian meetin<2'. " I thought myself in a choii- of anirels." Fallini»" sick, he was cared for hy a ))ious mechanit', a ))lain man, named Bray, "who kiu'W nothinu' hut Christ, and, knowinu" Him, knew all things." A Christian woman of tiie family told him her own e.\- jiericnce. and encouraged his hopes. One eveninir, after siniiini!" with John and others, he was sndvinir to sleep in thouuht of the divine promises, when he heard a voice : " In the nam'> of .Fesu- of Na/areth, arise and l)elieve, and thou shalt he healed of all thine intirmities." The words went to his heart. "O that Christ iroiild so sj)eak to me I " mus(>d he. AN'onderinu" whence had come the voice, that ii()«>d woman told him. "It was I, a weak, sinful creatui'c. that spake, hut the words were ChristV. He conunanded me to say them, and so constrained me that I could not forbear." He sent for his iiood friend. Bray. N tt manv houi's after, \w savs : " I now found mvself at peace with (lod, and rejoiced in hope of lovini:" Christ. I Lireatly mistrnste(l my own weakness. I saw that by faith I stood, and faith kept Llj\' (It (Jxfot'tl. (;3 cr's accounts of ith. lie studied heart l)Ciran to to the forms of luMU any more, itahlo to i)artic- ra with Woslcv. ' ]K'rfoctly witli nd to this Wcs- ft, a passiuii' at )ravian doctrine the Word said, ad and despond- UiT towards the in a ^loraviaii I." Fallinu' sick, n, named liray. Him, ki\ew ail liini her own e.\- ir. after siniiini;' thouii'ht of the > nam" of flesu- >e healed of all art. "(J that Inderinir whence ji. "It was I, a were { 'hrist">. ined ni<' that I id, l)ray. N it llf a1 ])eace with >ally mistrusted 1, and faith kept iii(> fro!M fallinir, ihouirh of myself ever sinkinir into sin." At five o'eloc'k on the third morning' td'ter, .lohn read: "There arc •riven i:i"eat and precious j)romiscs, even that \i\ should \v: par- takers of (he divine nature," and, "Thou art not far ♦Vom the Kiiiirdoni of (Jod." In the evening', he went to a society, and liciird a lavnian read Luther's description of the chauire which the Spirit works in the heart, throuirh tiutli in Christ. "I felt my heart >trani!('ly warmed. I felt that I did trust in Christ, Christ alone, for salvation: and an assurance^ was iriven me that He had taken away my sins, even mine I After my return home, I was nuu'li IjuU'etcd with temptations, but cried out, and they fled away. Thev returned airain and aijfain ; I as often lifted up my eyes, and He >ent me help from His holy i)lace. Now I was always con- (jueror." Thus the Moravians directe(''liile ^^'esley liad heeii in (Tcriiiany, ("hai'Ies had already Ix-iiim lelliiii:- of his fresh and sat- istyin could I'arely u'et a church for his uatherinii's. Not that hi action was olfensive : it was his maimer, too earnest and forcible, that was aimoyinu". For this reason, ln' was ejected from the par- ish of Islinu'tou, London, where he was servinu" as curate. lie fou:i(l sympathy, indeed, home, with certain small religious soci- eties, which had a historic interest. Not lonu' after the re-estah- lishment of the English ("hui-ch, a few yeai-s after the death ot' Cromwell, some spiritual meinl)ers of the ("hurch felt the need of mon; intimate and sympathetic religious exercises than the Church service offered. These formed themselves into small so- cieties, some of which were survivinu" in these AVesley days, and felt some revival from the intluence of the Moravians. In these modest circles, the Wesleys found lo\'e and fellowsljip. Wesley arrived from (iermany on a Saturday niaht. He held four ])ul»lic services the next day. and l>y the next Sunday even- ini; he had ludd thirteen, "declarinu', in my own country, the glad tidings of salvation." These were to all classes of })e()ple, in prison, in church, in little circles. Thus l»ei>au, in ITHN, when A\'esley was thirty-five yeai's old, that habit of daily ell'ort, which he contimied, without interrup- tion, until his eiiihty-eiiihth year. The first week was the pal- tern and samule of the tiftv-two years to follow. His theoloiiical stock and store was slender. He bcliev(Ml and urjjed four things: 1. That orthodoxy, and even henevolence, may exist without reliirion, this latter beiuii* inward riirhteousness, attended and certified by peace with (iod, and joy in the: Holy Ghost. '1. That this reliirion can be jrained oidy throuirh repent- ance towards God, and fiiith in our Lord Jesus Christ. ;{. That JJt't^ lit (Jxfonl. \).t 1(1 iiiitiiral as tlic loy had Ixtii in ilf* tVcsli and saf- ' hclieved and •11 henevolence, d riirhteou.siioss, oy in the Holy tliroui::li repent- irist. ;{. That till- I'liith in Clirist. this lusarly surr<'nder and unl'aherinu" trust, "taUinii" («<'e tour points, in \\'eslcy's own experience, he >aw lapidly conlii'iiied l)V the experience of many and various ))eople — of' cler- o\nit'ii, and of criminals under sentence of death, and of all (rnide> hetweeii these extremes. Many cried that these were ".-.tranire thinii's." \\ Cslev set four tests for s(df-examiniilion, l>y which he was ahle to forestall most of the wild, unreasoning;- fervor, which at onc«' niiiiht arise: 1. One in the faith will judir»' himstdf a wretelicd creature, whose righteousness and lia})|)iness must he in and iVoin (iod. 2. His (lesions must he, henceforth, to serve Ciod, and regain his ima^'i' and likeness. )\. His desires are new. all set on heavenly iliiiiiis. 4. His behavior, in word and act. i> for the diviiK^ irlory, and for flu^ irood of man. 'i'lius simi)ly did ^^'esley throw out his ireneralities of doctrine. He had. in his preachiiiir, little occasion to defend them : his task was to enforce them. As Fellow of Lincoln ('ollepoke. that these four points are the uisf of the true I'niversal (i. ('..Catholic) Faith. He was surprised to see the immediate triiiniplis of faith, as 1h> exjjlained and ui'u'ed it, over sin and death. On his first week of preachinu', a man under sentence of death suddenly raised his sfreaminu- eyes to the sky. " How do you feel now?" asked Wesley. "I fi-el a peace which I could not have lielieved possible, and I know it is the peace of (Jod, which passeth all uiuhM'standiiiir." In a few minutes the haniiinan had done his work, but the soul had iione in peace I No wonder the brothers felt sfrouii' and sti-ouo-er I ct; Tilt' ,'^lorij of Altdi'idixiii f! i l' \ i. I n i V |) IE True ( 'liurcliincu. :is «'v('r, tlicy conferred willi the Arelibishop of ( iiuterhiiry. and the liishoi) of London, reeeiviuir luoderale aj,- l)roval. and even fair adviec. Still. Ilu; ])ari>li j>riests would not ot't<'n admit them to their churches. They labored in the socie- ties, in tlu^ i)risons, and in the neiirhhorlm.'' lountry. Now. after a year's absence. AN'hitctield appears siir<'iii>. II'' was the very man whoso power was to break tlu; barrier that TUB FIIlsT I.OVK FEAST, JANUAHr 5, XTA'i. now limited tiie work. Not u church Mas open to him. where ln' had >o lately l»een welcome. January 1. 17.'>!l, wa> the tirst watch-niirht in ^lethodism. M'hitelield and the A''"sl<'ys. with some sixty brethren, wer«' al love-feast in l-'etterlane. As they were in prayer, at three in the morninii". such power tVom «tn hii>h came upon them that many t'ell to the iiroimd : others shouted for joy. Liki^ the Apostles at Pentecost, they countecl this a sure token ot' the divine a|ipro\.;l T/Z/e ot O.ijhril. 67 lie .Vi'flil)isli()]) If inodtTiitc, iiji- icsts would nut (I ill the socit- y. ii's aiTiii"- ^^'' li(! l):in'i('r lli:it liiin, wIh'I'c 111' ill ^Ictliodisiii. ■t'tlircil, were ;it !it tlircc ill till' u'lii llial iiiaiiy llic! Ajiostlcs Ml liviiH' approN .;] of tlu'ii" oll'orts. Then down their coal-stained cheeks. ^^'ide as his own nature wa^. and heaven-mounting his soul, he was sometimes nearly over- j)owered. " Hut I was never deserted : I was stranirely assisted.' As the winter evoniniis drew on, and over the tlelds, beneath the solenui shy, were thousands beyond thousands "at tiuK's all atl'ccted and drenched in tears together." Jiut "it (juite over- came nie." Jle then ventured upon the bowlinu-urcen, in liri>- tol. He needed liolp, and Wesley came in the end of April. Tlu' latter shraidc from "this strauiic way." " Havini:' been all my life 8() tenacious of decency and order that I should have thought the saving of souls almost a sin if it liad not been done in a church." On Monday, May 2, he made his iirst open-air discourse, from ''The Spirit of the Lord is upon me." etc. He felt himself di- vinely endorsed. He was soon pi-caching in Kingswood, to live thousand. " If any man thirst, let him come unto me and drink." The new stej) was taken. The (iospel, that had been iioused in England for twidve hundred yeai's, was now utt(>red in the fre^li air. To us, living a hundred and lifty years after the event, and familiar with such i)reaching, its importance is not readily appic- ciated, ^^'esU'y saw the need, and the opening, and henceforth the ^^'ord was not Itound l)v the will of ])arish priests. Whitetield now ])assed on into A\'ales. There was need, for llic Welsh, now the most religious of the IJritish Emi)ir(>, with ii church to every three s(|uare miles, mountains and all, were then in a sad condition. Wesley found them "as littl(> versed in the ])rinci))les of Christianity as a ("reek or Cherokee Indian." Methodism wroujiht the change. (Jritlith .lones, a cleriivman dt the Church, but, like Wesley, a Methodist, was not oidy preach- ing with his might, but was employing traveling teachers el' L!f(i at Oxforil. m '0, " in an awful marvelous voiic (• white irutters fwn nature wa^. es nearly ovei'- iinirely assisted. " 'Ids, beneath tlic s "at times all " it (juite over- ••-green, in liri>- of April. The <: been all my litV lave thought the oni' in a ehureh." • diseourse, tVoiii ' I'elt himself versed in the 'rokee Indian."' a clergyman ot jol only ])roaeli- iuii' teachers of Scripture, catechism and song. These went through the region, and when ^^'hitelield came, he found one hundred and twenty- <^iolit (it" their schools where these salutary exercises were had in the musical language of Wales. .lones lived to see the work (»f the new evangelists take deei), ellectual hold, in his dear h.nd. Howell Harris, also a Churchman, was at this time forming ''societies," such as Wesle}' had found in London. They were to promote pii'ty within the Church (where all the people were as- sumed to be). The}' resulted in such growth of Dis.sent, that to- dav, as a sami)le, the r(!store(l Cathedral of Truio, which can liold all the wor.shiper.s of the town, is nearly empty, and the chapels take the jjcople. Harris and Whitetield met at Cardilf, and tliev held meetings together. "They set the whole i)rincipal- itv in a bla/e." Whitetield says of Harris : "There seems ti n(tlilc si)irit gone out into Wales." The Welsh temperament re- sponded to th<^ call of thes(^ kindred souls. Khxjueiu'e and song had of old their home in Wales, and the land of the Lli'wellyns furnished many laborers, gifted with genius for coiu'cption and utterance as well as with the Christian graces. Whitetield liad, in Wak>s, heroic experiences of opposition and victory. Kctuinlng to London, he was exchuh'd from all the cluirehes. He I'csolved to ])reach at Moortields, a large connnon, where, on Sundav, the rabbU^ of the city were wont to congr(>gate. He made his way to the tenter of the ti(dds ; a table on which he was to stiuid was crushed, but tinally, from a w.dl, he bi-wught the noisy thousands into order as (hn'orous as in a church. ''(iod .strengthen.' me exceedingly ; I preach until I sweat through and through." That same evening, he pn>ached on Kensington com- mon. His voice was heard a mile, with no loss of (piality. Car- riages and hor.senuMi, with perhai)s forty thousand })eople on foot, were in his audience. li! 70 The >Slor;f of Method ism. \ ^ i (> 'A ^ I ^4 Tho poor (lid as Franklin had done; thoy IlKvr NASII. power attended them. Preaching in the prison, at l^ristol, "men ore wit- ness to His word " ; and the convictions were so lasting that, the next day, tho prison "rang with cries." lie exulted in these ex- periences. Ono day, on Kose Green, the peo})le stood through a tierce storm, while he discoursed from " The (rod of glory thun- dereth." .V fop of the period, mentioned by others as a ruler in fashion. Beau Nash, tried to silence Wesley before a large congregation Lif'i' (it O.ifhrd. 71 ravo their all. iH'cs of copper, I itory were not B, and ho hud :t produce con- days of divine l^ristol, "men lod " l)oro wit- astinir that, the 'd in these ex- tood throuirh a of glory thun- uler in fashion. 1 congregation •• Did von ever hear me preach?" "No. 1 judu'c of you hy connnon report." ••(iivc me leave lo ask. Is your name Nash?" ■■ My name is Nash." "Sir. I " l'.\' c-onnnon report." N;i-li was annoyed, hut said : •• WJiy do these people conu' here?" All old woman answered : " Voii. Mr. Nash, lake care of your body ; we take care of the l)()dv. and llien come here for the food of our souls." \:i>li turned and retreated in silence. W'eslev was now preaching every day in the w(M'k. and four or five times on Sunday. He says : " Hitherto as my days, so my ^treiiiith hath been," and such was his testinu)ny fifty years later. The Hristol "societies" were now many, and rooms adecpiate for their gathering could not well he had. A building, not a cliiiitli. Iteeame necessary. It was on May 12, 17o!», that the conier-^tone was laid, at Uristol, for the P'irst Methodist Chapel in tile world. It was laid with the voice of ))raise and thanks- oiviiiu'. Its origin illustrates the simi)le ])olicy which Mr. Wes- lev adojjted from the beginning, and which, until his death, he liiid no reason to change. He says : " I had no design of being ])ers()naliy engaged in the expense oi- the executior. of this work. I appointed for this, eleven trustees. Uut I (piiekly found my mistake. All stood still, unless I paid the workmen, and I had ()uickly used one hundred and fifty pounds. .\s to the direction, 1 received a letter from Mr. AVhitefield, that he and others would liMve nothing to do with the building, unless I discharged the tru>tees ;innough — that the trustees would control me, and, if they did not like my preaching, could tiu'u nu' out of the room which I had l)uilt. I accoi'dingly took the mattei- into my own hands, none o})posing." Thus began his system of ownership, 72 Th*- Sfnr;/ <>/ MHhoilli*iii. \ul uot huN iiiu' the full chiiriieter of .*i chureli. usually iuteuded for Ihe eonvenieuce of those reuiot(^ from chui'ches, was the term <:radually eomiMii' into use to desiii'uatr tiiese huiidinu's. It marked their coiiveuieui'e. and, also, what was at lirst true, that they were not eouseerated ; that tlu^ saera- uiciit, espeeially of haiitisui, was uot adniiuistered in them. In our day, "chapel " aud '"church"" are often used iuterchaniii'aldy. It was, at tu'st, needful to the unity and stability of his work that all its })roj)erty, as well as all other responsiijjlity, should center in him. His lenal title was always uplndd ))y the Courts, and in due time he transferred all the proi)erties to the " LeL'al Hundred," who conijjosed the " Confeivnce."' 1 7."»l>, tho birth-year of .Methodism as a distinct and workiiiir de- vel()j)mpnt of Christianity, was a year of luany wonders. C)f these, the most iiotaldci were the physit-al ell'eets attendiui:' the spiritual excitements caused by the preachinii'. It was not the marvelous eUxiuence of AN'hitetield, so nuu-h as the calm, cool loiiic of Wes- le\'. und(U' which these occui'red. Not merely the weak and seusj- tiye, Imt as much, and eyiMi more, the strouir and hai'dened went down like men in battle. Youiiii" women, listcniuii" attentively, bold blasphemers, were struck, aud fell iu anony. Scores would lie as if dead. A passiuu' traveler paused to hear a few words, and. fallinii'. lay us if lif(dess. A sober (Quaker, who was admouishjni'' aL^ainst such " irregularities. "" t"ell with the repi'oofs (»ii his lip>. A weaver (U'noimced the whole thinii'. A convei't li'ave him one of )\'esley"s sermons. In readinu' it, he "roared miiihtily,"' and fell to the llo(»r. Tlu're his tViends found him. sweat inn', weepini: and screaminii'. Those who believed that these excitements, thouiih sincere, miii'hl be controlled, fell in the mit(^ tVoiii SC ((» (ll'siiillMtr iiiul, also, wliat that the sacra- l ill ihciii. Ill iit('i'<.'haiii:c'al>l\ . \\y of his work isiliility, should liy the Courts, . to the " Le<:iil iiid workiiiiT de- dors. C)f these. Uii' the spiritual t the marvelous I loii'ie of Wes- weaU and seiisi- hardeiied went 1I12' at1eiitivel\ . H'ores would lie e\v words, and. as adiiioiiishiiii:' )fs oil his lips, il'ave him one minhtily," and ■atiiiii". weepiiiL^ e excitements. 1st of their re- tread I iiii>\ with his demonstra- X\u\\. At hi- lirst words, four persons fell. Whitelield had re- coiled from >iich >ceiie>, liiil now tluv ai^reed that "we will suller (1(1(1 to cMiiy on lii> own work, in the way that pleaseth llini." M()>t of tliox' all'ccled in this way came to peace in helieviiii:', I) hut Wesley, afterwards, counted them as no proof of saviiiu" power. Ih' discourau'cd them, thouii'li tenderly and wisely, while Charles uave them no countenance. Tiiey miiilit accompany a o-eiiuinc operation of the heavenly urace — and they miirht not. JJB The new departure was now an accomplished fact. Samuel ■\Veslev disliked the outward accompaniments of his hrother's prcachiiiii'. He even denied that jiardon of sin could he surely known, in fact, he staid l>y the faith of his ancient family, the faith, really, of the hest part of the nation at the time, while his A'ouniicr hrother revived, in freshness and [lower, the faith of Paul. A hrief ar<:ument was held between them. Neither sur- rendered, hut Samuel, at last, wrote tenderly: "Finally, breth- ren, pray ye for us both, that the word of \\\v Lord may have free course and he aloritied,'' as, with his brothers, it ami)ly was. The venerable mother, now residiiiii' with Saimud, at ^^'estmin- ster, was present at what Samuel called ''.lack's conuregations." She remembered that her father had not, for forty years, doubted the jtardon of his own sins, yet had never preached of such ex- perience. She had thought such minht be tlu^ privileuos of u favored few. She now, in the very act of taking' the cujiof Sac- rament. /'-// the sense of jiardoii. Her son's doctrine was lieiice- forlli to her the soul of truth, and she heartily approved of his course, as reasonable and necessary. In some thiniis. as in the usiiiii' of lay [ireachers, she was in advance of him. Her home was. hereafter, at his house in the Foundry. •^ This was a half-ruined buildini:-. in Moortields, which the Gov- ernnient had once used for the eastinu' of cannon. Two straiiizers asked Wesley to jireach in it, and aided him in tittini:' it for re*;- ular worship. On Xovember 11, I7;)li, it was opened for ser- $ 74 Tin: k>li)ri/ of Mt(hoi.lintn, I 1^ * \ vice. Tlu' r<)ini(liv \v!is lluTt'iiftcr the li(')i(l(|Uiir1('is ot' Mt'tliod- isin ill Loiuldii. 'I'lii,> llr>f service in it lias lu'cn assuiiu'd as the Iriic l^pdili of MctlKMlisiii, and, on the same day of our eeiituiv . Illc ( 'cnteliliiMl of Methodism was observed. \\'<'sley was fond of datiiii:' from the formini:' of the Holy Clul), ten years earliei'. Yet, his own statement is satist'actory . " Soon after the eonseeni- lion of the Foundry, in the latter end of the year 17;H>, eiuht or ten persons came to me in London, and desired that I would ■hk oi.K rorvTMtY ( iirucii, Loximv. spend some time with them in prayer, and advise Ihem how to llee from the wrath t(» come. 'Phis was the lise of tlu^ Ignited Sn- ci(!ty." The eveniiii:' set was Thursday, already lialf->acred at K|)Worth, and so held hy the Methodists loni:' afterwards for xi- cial worship. A\'ith the Moravians in Fetterlane. AVesley was iidtinii' out of Sivmi)athv. Tlie\' were heconiim:- (Juielists. holding' "true still- ness"' to he the hii:hest reliu'ioiis attainment — almost like the Nil- \ \ ■ Llff (it Oxfoi'il. tcrs of Mctlidd- assuiiH'd as the v)t' our ci'iiliin . sh'V was I'oiid (if n vcars t'arlici'. icr llic consccra- r 1 7;>II, ciulit (ir 'd that I would M' tlu'Ui how to tlu'. United So- liall-sacrcd at crwards lor m)- ■; ucttiiiii' out of liuu" " ti'Ui' slill- ■ )st like the N'n- waiif. " iiitiiilte sli'op," of th»' nrahiniiis. Tht-v cvi'U discarded the ('hi'i>tiaii ministry and ordinances. Tht-se erro.s were tfan- sicnl. and Zin/endoii' himself came to Lon(h>n to correct theni, Itul. iiicanwhiU'. Wi'sh'V had left them. " I h)ni:- to he with them. Vet I am kept from them." His reason controlled his atlection. thoui:h Charles would still have i-emained with lln-m, a Mora- viiiii. and not a .Methodist, had not his lirother and his friends made vigorous remonstrance. July 2^), 1740, marks the separa- tion of Wesley from his Gorman hrethren. It was done with love and rej^ret. The cart^er now ()peniny alliances. It was peculiar; it must fi'eeh' adapt itself to its new conditions, and the past must hury \\> dt'aein_ii" the " Hands." These AVere companies ot' converted men, set to watch o\'er and help each other, which as "Classes." a niodilied form, exist in all jMellio
  • in. A force, felt from the hciiimiinii" of the movement, now look delinile form. We saw how poetry and nmsic throve in the dear home at Kpworlh. Both .lohn and Charles wcic poets and >iiii:i'r>. yet Charles had the fuller endowment . lie is. as wt' m:iy >ee. the prince ot" sacred lyrists in our Knulish lanuuanfe. Soon alter their return from (Jeoruia, the \\'esleys puhlished hymn-. .Now, in 17.">'.i, they put out three volumes of '' Hymns and Sacii'd Poems." Like their preachinii', their hymns were in soaxtn. The hearts of the people huniicred for them, and they went in a Ida/.e of p()))ularity. " "Listed into tiie cause of sin, Why shall a good be evil ? Sure, nmsic Ion','- enough has been Conipaniou of the devil I " So thouiilit Charles, and it was his hapjn' liift that he wrote the •finest of poems in a stvle >o imniediat(dv availahle that thev rose upon the air while the ink was hardlv drv, and, after a centiu'v HSH 7»; riic fS/i)ii/ iif ^ii iIkki isiii . I » .'111(1 M lijiir, :in' -mill" in every \:\\\i\ mikI iii(»->t ol" the l;iiiL''niii:"es ot llie world. The \\'e>h'y:m hyiiiii-. in the eh;i|)els, >er\«'(l !i> the Litiiriiv ill the churches. 'I'hey were re.-id one line :it :i time, or the ver>e \\;is " lilie<|," ;in. tily," 11 -i 111;' "tlie teiior only "" — i. e.. the sopiMiio. The " tenor" w:i- iiiade >iiii|)le. The iilory of" the iiiu>ic \s:is to l»t in the jill'ection^ which it conveyed, :ind not in its"It:ili.iii trills."' Thus Clinic an era in church inusic. These liturgical liyuiii"- held the e^-eiice ol" seniioiis, t raiisliiiured l»y the |ioet'> iliiaiiiu:!- tioii, and Lilowiiiii" with his heart's aU'ections. They prepared the coni!rei!alioii lor the iiix-oiii'-e, to receive it in warmth o\' sym- pathy and lively i nerii'v of nnderstandiui:'. In no other way could the poor, the weary and the ignorant have l)een roused and re- taiiied, heartened and ins]>ii'cd. Three editions ol' these hymn- were at (»nce printed, and their circulation and !ise was wonch'i- t'lil. ( 'harles was not strictly an extempori/er in poetry, l»ut he WIS as marly so as his coteniporary, Kohert liiii'iis. livery even!, many a minor incident, l>ecaiiie a theme ot' saiwd sonii', and wa-* cauiiht !»y the people while sparUliiii:- with the dews of its niorn- iuii". livery phase of Christian expericM'-e — its i^loom, its striii:- i:le, i»> victory, its peace, its joy — linds in a \\'e>leyan hymn >omc true ("astalian, almost scraphi*- utterance. I*'(M' this rca-oii. while at this date the W'esleyan >ermons may Im- in disu>e, the llymii-- are ill all churches, and Christian hearts (an iiexcr let them die. ( )iie can now sec what Methodism was, now that it had fairly pas-cd the period ot' it> oi-ii;iii. It \va> I he re>iill of a series of iii'- cessilies. Wc'.lcy had fornie(l no theory. Ili^ phili'-, like the l"',li- i:li-!i ( 'oust itiit ion, "were not made, they iircw." a- a tree ur"^^- fifiiii the earth and iinfold> it-elf in the air. II >, with ('liarli- aiid Whilclield, could not <|o otherwi-e than preach. The woiij of the Lord w.i>a-a lire in tlnir l»one-. Their endo\' nieiit- \\ clear as ihr suii ill the hca\('ii-. W'licii the ciiurclic- weie -hilt MLiain-t thciii. I • IJt'r lit ( Kihil-il. 4 < (' l:m_L''Wii_i:t's nt , XTVcd !is I lie lie ;il :i t iliic, or 'tl to >illl2' " lu>- lic " fciKtr" Wil- li tlif allV'c'tion- liiriiical liynin>- )'»('l'-« iiiiaiiiii!!- •y pi'cpai'i'd till- raiiutli of syiii- )lli('i' way coiiM roused and n- il' these liyiiiii- se was wonder- poetry, l»iit lit> livery event, soiiLi', and WM-i s of its uioni- • Olll. its Stl'llii- an liyinn some < rea-on, wliilr e. tlie I lyilili-^ et tlieiii (lie. I it had fairly I x'lies of IH'- , like the l'",li- - a tree ;:ro\\ - , w itii ( 'harlr- II The woiil idiH' iiieiit-- I'liT 1^ clear a- lln' auaiii-t tliciii. what el>e roll! I they (h) liiit pl'eaeh ill the liehU? ^^'hen " (•oii- veilcd 111(11 " ~oUi:ht \\'esley'> eare and i^iiidaiiee, what could he (1(1 liiit p!'o\io- fiaiion' lie took no >tep foi'ward until necessity eonipelled it; 11(1 -icp liackuard die ahout his feet. 'I'lie future, willi him. hore it^ own burdens, which he did not eai'e to fore-ee. Soiitliey says, that when .Methodi>m was now enteiiiiii- its I arecr. like a >hip upon unknown seas, Wesley did not know to what hi> plan> were leadiiii:'. what institute his societies niii:ht ^'Vet foiiii. what men would rise to help him, or what I'esoui-ces would -npply hi> needs, lie (Uily knew that the mist of the fiit- Rire vMnild lift and roll away in its time, and that (Jod's own &Cjui-e would not fail of ( mmI's own supp«u't. Lea>t ot' all. did he '■areaiii of disloyally •(> the I'Jiiilish Chui-ch. All I'Jii^land held no man more rexci'eiit of its authority and order, tlionuh the more reveicm lie wa>. the more rudely wa> he treated. y^^ = !■! ! i i 1 ii i H I i\ ■ "'■"'•'■HP ■ ■.. .^.t .u... .1: '■■m«t!t;: ,:„.\^;^S'''''"t^ • c" . mr;,j;;^:;;,;;;',j':i;"i;::-r- ::' • '15. ■ ;■■■ '•■■'"v^lii!''"-'?"-';'"'''^ ■■•Jil'l$5;H'|;!;|:(;;;|liVi*':,y,.'- , All,*! '.' //A' I ^» S., ,,■ ■ , ' v, liavin>Mii. \nt mI)(i\V(m| K'. Ilic cliurcli. li' cilillii',, llpdii lii- I'Ll'MtioM MS. I 1m- ))r(';irli«'il at tli' saiiif lil.irc. "tti :i va^t iiiiiltiliKlc, ,i:at lici'cd iVoiii all part-." hardly ahlf I" li'a\('. altci' three h(»ui'>' discourse. "() let none think his lalioi' III' l<'\c i- lo-t lieeanse the I'ruit doe» not innnediatelv ap- peal! NearK forty years did my lather lal>or hei'e — he saw little iViiil ol' hi- lal>or: l»ut now the fruit appeai'ed." ( haile- had. a nonu" olhrr places, heen preachiui:" at Newca-tle, wlirre John had made entrance, " I was sur|)ri>ed. So nnn-li drunUeune--, cursinii' and swcMrini:', even from the mouths ol" lit- tle cliildr*')!, do I rememlier to have hearcl in s(» little time." lie lici^an to >in,i:'. and tifteeii hundi'ed uatiiei'ed. At live, " I never !>a\\ so lariic a numher of |)e<)ple t()ir«'tlier. My voice was stroiiu; .and clear. \<'t it was not possihle for half to hear, thouiih I had % Iheni all in \iew." \ i-itini: the place, after Cliiirles had met with succes>. \\'c-lcy ])ci;an (it \\a- midwinter, and in that liiirli latitude!) to ])reacli at H\c in the niorninii'. lie was uiatilied with the resnlt> in the place. lla\inu one pound, six shilliniis, in hand, he Iteiian the la'Lic-i " preachiiiii-hou-e " in Mniiland. apparent ly the third ol the >erie>. The entire cost was at least seven hundred pounds. A (Quaker, T»h;) had hcai'd ol" the work, w role : " •'"laend \\'e>lcy, ' I diiamed 1 >aw thee surrounded with a laru'i tlock of sheep, which thou didst not know what to do with. My tii'si thouuiiit. when I awdke. was of thy ll(»ck at Newcastle. I ha\'e enclosed thee a note for a hundred pounds, which may help thee to pro- vide a house." \\\ such supplies the huildin;.'" roe." While ihe -Iream Mowed on. it widi'Ued. Some del)t> had l»eeu in.urred at lirislol. Wesley was c(»nsult inu' how to pay tlie-c, when one -aid : "Let evei'y luemlier of the Society pay a ))enny ii week, until all are i)aid." "lint maiix' are too poor lo do it." "Then pul ele\-en of the |)oore-t with me. I will call on them ■weekly, ami. it" they can uive nothini;-, I will pay for them. |-!ach of \dn do the same." It wa- done. The-e collectoi'- found -olUO H i \ ■I'll 82 'Hte iSfoi'f/ of Mef/t(/dif<)u. H *f nioinbor.s who wcni lu^liaviiiij: l)a(lly. "It struck nio iiiimot Iiiiii — now caMod thoir h'ador. Thus arose th(t Chiss, with ils loador and wookly luootinir. AVosh'V was tohl of liis ))oo))l(' at Kiugswood mooting, and spending tho night in ))rayor and pi-aiso, as early Ciiristians liiid done in tlioir Eves, or Vigils, " I t-ould see no causo to toi- l)id it." lie proposed to uioot witli them "on th(> Friday uearost tho full moon, when wo shouM have liirlit : desiring that only thcv u I {mil inn/ inid tlieir lm>iness or families. Ahnndanee ol' people ramc. and I lieiian preaehin^ l»etween eii:ht and nine. \\ v con- tinued licNoiid the noon of niirht, sinirini:', prayinii', and ))raisinir (ind." 'I'lms was the Watehniirht inlro(hieed amoiiii- the nsaa\\ no reason to donht, lie jrave a ticket. liearini>- the rt'ceiver's name: as nuuh as to say, " I Itelieve the l>earei- hereof to he one who feai's (iod, and works riirhteonsness."' Thex' lii'kets were I'enewed each (juarter, and wei'e, in fact, letters of connnenda- tion. He was afraid that his jM'ople niiirht come to think, "thei'c! is no work of (iod, Itnt anioiin" them- selves," To prevent such hiiiotry, he de- voted one evcninu" a niont h to rea(liii<>: what (iod W!is (hdny: in other lands and in other denondnations. For still closer nm- tnal (ai'c. he ai-ranired the Hands (already mentioned) on a l)asis of clo>e sympatiiy and coididence. These have, in later days, dropped out of the system, thonnii ^^'e>ley >aid. " ^^'here there is no Itand-meetinu' there is no .Methodi>m.'" Thus Methodism was, iu Yorkshire, fully develo|»ed, aiul its distinctive features appeai'ed. M,uv Hart. SPKCIMKN (IF l.OVK l-KASr TICWK i > i n 84 T/w A^Vo/'y o/ M''/Iii)iI!kiii. One st'cs that lici'c is inon* woiU than one man can do, aiil helpers \»('r(' ah-cady in the tii'hl. ('cnnick. a layman, was set over the society at KinL''s\voo(l, to HP'ay and to expound Scriptuic. not to ))i-each, in Wesley's absence. Maxti«'ld heiran to do tlif same, at the Foundry, in London. .John Nelson, a hero, u;i> workinir as mason l>y ar the |»reachinir, and soon was himself a preacher. I'hus Knirland w;i> feelinir the stir of a new evanirelism, and Methodism was rapidly cominir to the form which it has, in the main, |)reserved. Meanwhile, the irreat orator of this wonderful trio was ajrain in America. Landiiiii' in lMiiladeli)hia, in Novemher, ls;j!>, lie stiri'cd the city most wonderfully. People of all creeds crowded the churches, and, aftei' his depailure, such was the im))ulse from his visit that for a year |)ul)lic service was ludd twic(! daily ami four times on Sunday, while tw'nty-si\ societies held soci.il prayer. From the Market House, he could be heai"re Teimeiit and others had heuun the education of pastors. Nassau Hall was a loi>: huildini:', twenty feet s(|uare I He was at once in hearty sympathy with the irood men toilinu" in this day of small thini:s. He assured them that the work was of (rod. and would not conn' to nauirht. They uave him the dcirree of A. M. They weiv aided with money iriv(Mi hy Methodists, and President Davies wiis a coi-j'espondent and admirer of Wesley. " Thouiih you and 1 may dill'er in some little thiuirs, I have lony loved you and your brother, and wished and prayed for your success." Whiteriel! »vas for a week in New York. Preachinir to sailors, he introduceil y^ ilcaihnij of Mvfhnillsiii. — WhihfhliVi'. Scpnralion, 85 an ('.'in inns at niuflii. I and (MilaririiiL; kvork in \\'al»'>. ■ouruiTi'd hy tin- (' licai't of Kii- Id to lioai' tilt' lis Knirland \v;i> isiu was rapidiv trio was u«jfaiii niluT, l«;i!>, he creeds crowdctl \v iin])uls(> tVoiii wicc daily and ics lu'ld social card across tlic ords distinctly. where Tenneiit Nassau Hall once in iiearty t" small lhin2>. ,'()uld not com ' I. They wcic cut Davies Wii> iirh you and 1 vou and your • Whiterielil he intro(Uic Cll a .-torni and a shipwreck so eU'ectively that, at the climax, they spraiiir to tlu'ir feet and cried, " Take to the lon,oat ! " So were the\ >.v<'p< !'•"".- '•> ''•'' '•'■'»""i^''" l><»\ver. lie went to hisOrphai' House, in (ieoruiii, hut soou returned ui) the coa>t to collect money for its support. Ih' found the im- nrc»ion.-. made l»y his i-ecent visit, fresh and lastinjr. Already new churches had Ix-en formed, and new hd)orers rais<'d up. Wv- tuiniiiir to Savaimah, he made y«'t anotlier northward tour, land- iu<' at Newport. All .N«'w Kuirland was astir. In Boston, the Puritan divines weleom«>d him, and the city was moved — hiirh and h)W of the people — the faculty and stucU'uts of ( and)rid«re, the masses from the country, all thronjTiMl to hear him ; and twenty thou>an(l heard his t'arewell discourse, unih'r the trees of the C'(»nMiion, where, nearly tifty years later, Lee pn'ached the first Methodist sermon in lioston ; where Ilastiuirs, still later hy a ceiiiurv. has Iteen tined and imprison(>d for the same simple act I He visited the i-reat Kdwards at Northampton. At New Haven the (lovernor heard him. and said, amid his teai-s, "Thank (iod for such i-efi-eshiuirs on our way to heaven I "' After a tour of >eventy-tiv<' days, and a hundred and seventy-tive stM'mons, he was airain in Savannah, with seven hundred j)ounds irathered for his enterprise. Never before, or since, has mortal tontjue so stirre(l the hearts of men in America, and its iutluence was lon^ ltlt_is still fell. After a yeai' and a half, Whitetiidd i-eturned to Euiiland. The painful event now draws n(>ar when \>'esley and W'hitelield, like Paul and Harnahas of old, "parted asunder." Th(>v differed on points of doctrine on which men in the pi'esent im|)erfection of their faculties can never wholly airree, and of which we can never he too thasikful that they an^ not essential to salvation. On matters of experience the ureat orator and the ii'n'at or- •ranizer were of one heart and mind. Faith, pardon, renewal, holiness, and the witness of the Spirit, these thiui's thev l)()th jif ^" 8fl '/'//f.' >S/(,ri/ of Mclhndlsni. knew and prcnclKMl. it wjo tilings ImcU of ilicsr llial Whiti'lirld tell I'utlici' than staled. The limited iiatiii'e of atoiicinciit, the loic-ordinatioii that knows and tixi's the elect, the titial pJTscvei- aiiee that i-nsures salvation, tlu'se wei'e like an instinct with Wliit<'tielil. At least his reasoniny nature, as i^ood as himsell'. W'\\\ should he have salvation, unless hy the special jLrrace of election? I lis joy and hope was in his tinn ti'ust of lite in heaven. Mow could that hold without linal |)erseverancey Thus Whitetield's docti'iiies wer*' taken tVoni his feeliuiis. ( )r loy tln' special •III trust (tf life perseveraiKH'? leeliiiiifs. ( )t' leli doctrine tn nt, niaUinir sal- iaiice with the () <'()()(l morals, the solution of lo (lili'er miiilit les my friends and IiouohmI >\'esley re- men cannot — in heart, and tendei" allec- >e reirrett<'(l. )V his visit to ll'er. Wesley ffom Kini:s- . This sehonj lad built, and. t Ceunick was the doctrine (leas of cjiar- il\. " 'riici'c are x'veral predest inarians in our so<'ietie hotli at KuiidoM and Mristol, l»nt 1 never y<'t put any one out of either Itccan-e he held that opinion." 1)111 \\'e>le\' was (»l)lii:«'d, l)efore W'liiletleld's return, t(» speak icain-"! the ( alvinistic docti'ines. His discourst' on Free (Jraci- wa- M'lil lo Whilelield, who pulilished a reply. h'elundnL; to London, \\'hitelield had a sad welcome. A letti'r of hi-. aL'"aii'>l NN'<'slcy's views, had heen circulat«'d at the Foun- di\ door It' lore service. \\'esley, in the i\vA<, before tin* eyes of all. lore his copy to pieces, and the con^ireiiat ion did the same. Still, there was a hitter feelinjr apiinst W'liitetield. lie called on ('li!ule>. and they wept and pr.Mved toLM'ther for unity. Vet he tii'inlv said that himself and the \>'<'slevs were jji-eachine' two (iospeU. and he i-ould not Ity name, and declared his own views rudely, even in Charles' proence. Wesley visited him many times, hut no reconciliation could li ' had. NN'eslcy alHi'ined that the .Methodists who held (ieneral Hedemption did not wish to se))arate. " ^^'hiteHel(l iniiiht have lo\ inu'ly held pai'ticular redemption, and we, u'eneral, to the end of our lives." Fioni a lake in the liocky .Mountains How two currents in op- posite directions. Fach waters its own region, and at last Itotli meet in the (Julf. So .Methodism, from the Church of Enirland, in which Whitelield and the ^\'esleys were priests, took its diver- {i'ent courses. There was as yet no distinct oi'iranism. All that could he seen was the How of a ireneral moveiuiMit "lo si)read Scriptural holiness throughout these lands." It is n(»w ditlicidt to tell the story of Methodism as a unit, even on Fnulish soil. \\v must trace the two hranclu's, tirsl one a lit- tle way. and then resumini:' the other. Let us foHow Whiletield. His tViends rallied about iiim, and built iiis famous Tabernacle. ^; IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I frilM Ilia IIIIIM 2.0 I!: 1^ 1.8 1.25 U 1.6 ■* 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,\ iV % V ^^ ^\ <' 6^ «H- I' !'! .1 }3' liiiiiliilll I'lllf: ''V ■.;P' :^'.mw.-: il ii Jiii li ! lillil Wm'" IJeadwaij of MetJiodi)ors. On a second visit, he was fully a})})reciated. Arriving at Caml)uslang, he i)reached three times on the day of his coming, the last sermon beini>: from nine in the evenini; until eleven, and then another i)reache(l until one in the morning, while the tields resounded all night with ])rayer and })raise. The })eople fell like soldiers in battle. Twenty thousand and more met for a great sacrament. All day twenty clergymen administered, while there was })reaching to those outside the sacramental tents. At night, Whitetield sjjoke to the mas'^ for an hour and a half w ith marvel- ous power. In the morning he spoke to near as many, while thousantls were bathed in tears : some wi'inging (heir hands, others almost swooning, others crying out and mourning over a pierced Saviour. "Such a universal stir 1 never saw ltefoi-(>." There were never many Methodists, by name, in Scolhuid, bul the whole country felt the spiritual energy of Methodism. if'iHl i ' ■ 1,1 '•I n m ,j<'iU J '•nil! 1 llri}' II' 11 1!"'' ill ««(!} m ■'! il iPpnpiiiiBiiiiiiiiiHii DO 'J'ht' ,^f (!)•>/ of ^li'fliotl is)ii. M I \> n w .1 The liTcatcst triiinij)li of the (iospcl, t'roni W'liitrtiold's li|)-;, was on Moorticlds, nt \\'liitsiimicU'. At tlu^ Mav holidjivs, tlieii ot'curriiiii'. "the devils licld their rendezvous, and I was resolved to meet tlieni in pitched battle." Another sueh a day has not l)eeii known in all the Christian centuries. Startinu" early, lie found, at six o'clock, ten thousand people waiting' for the sports to begin. " I had got the start of the devil." lie drew the whole nudtitude around his tield-pulpit. He again entered the field at noon, when thirty thousand were swarming over it. "It was in full possession of IJeelzebub." Players, pu})pet-showmen, exhib- itors of wild beasts, drunnners and trumpeters, were furiously plying their vocations. "(Jreat is Diana of tlK>. Ephesians," was his text, and he boldly opened the l)attle. Loudly and clearly he told them the stoiy of their sins, and called them to the Saviour. The tight was fierce. ''Stones, dirt, rotten eggs, dead cats, were thrown at me I " "^ly soul Mas among lions." lie was un- daunted, and the throng of lions " v.-ere turned into lambs." At six he was again upon the field. " I came and I saw — but what ! Thousands and thousands more than before." Satan was present in hot wrath. A harlecjuin, })erforming near by, was deserted when AVhitetield's l)lack robes were seen. "1 lifted up my voice like a trumpet, and many heard the joyful sound."' Then the wild crowd surged uj), and a comic performer, who, with the rest, complained that the preacher was ruining Ids business, got upon a man's shoulder, and, coming near AVhitetield, tried to iitrike him down with a long, heavy whij), but tuml)led down with the violence of his own etlbrts. The mob then induced a re- cruiting sergeant, with drumandfife and train of stragglers, to march through the crowd before the pulpit. "Make way for the King's officer I" cried "Whitetield shrewdly. The crowd parted, and the sergeant with his little pomp and circumstance marched through, and the raidis closing l)ehind him furnished an unl)roken audience- Then "roariiiii" like wiUl beasts," and forminii' a solid colunui on /III Ileadiray of ^lethoiUsnt. — Whitejiehrf^ Si^puru(i<>)i. !>l the iiiiiri'oun, at on(^ time, three hundred were taken into his society, ^huiy souirht marriiiiie, who had been livinu" together sinfully, and manv on the road to the irallows were turned to become uood ■itizeuf' US Uad as the crowd was, it Avas still human and of like passio as those who came to church. Throu^li Whitetiehrs rare uifts as a vehicle, the S})irit .ouched their moral sense. Stranye that AVhitetields so seldom apnear Yet in our dav these ma? of Loud on are reac hed hy many appliani'( ili th d< u'U uiiKnown, an( 1 S})urireon*s labors, for instance, may fairly rank with White- tield's. A\'hitetield was still in Ids meridian of streiiirth. lie traveled in Enirland and Wales, preachiiii:' more than twelve times a week to audiences of never less than ten thousand. ' %. \ i\ ■ .^il &• oil nit •it ill I Hi:., !i i j* WBBm il , i §■ CHAPTER n'. The Coimfcss slev, and, as his labors Ixn-ame more distinct, she eolijx'rated with his l)ranch of Methodists. He often preached, to the noble and courtly company at her residence in Donninirl n Park. She said of his "Christian Perfection": "It is absolutely the most complete thiui; 1 know ; the doctrine I lioi)e to live and die by." She chosen Whitetield and his Calvnnsm as nearer to her views, but she was the warm, harmonizing friend l)etweon the arly did she h)ve them l)()th. She ])r()uiilit it about that one Sunday Whitetield preached and Wesley aided at the Foundry, and on the next A^'esley l)reached at the Taber- cou.vrE.soi.iiLMi.s,.i>u.v. j^.^^.|^.^ Whitetield assist- ing:', while at the end of the f^ervicc twelve hundred took the Lord's supper at the hands of both. Harris aided the Countess in this work of harmony. She writes : " Thanks be to (Jod, for the love and unanimity that have been displayed. ^Nlay the God of peace unite us all in the bond of atl'ection I " This noble lady's part in Methodism, nmst have its place in I'' '!! I ^ i it .(•Mil 1)1 II * III <'!)! •"111 ■( 4 n t 1)4 TIk' SliH'i/ of' yit'l/inil isiH <'\('i'_v liislorv (il'llic inovciiiciil , mikI it iiitiy ms well now Ix* ti'Mccd. \\ licr London mansion, the resort ot'llic t"!i>liion and aristocfacy, slic invited \\'liitelield to iiddi'ess lier court iy circle. Ilel)ecaino liei' chaplain, and the hero of Moorlieids liad a nearinn' tVom the iiohh' and eniiiHMit. the highest audience in the land. >\'esley was (hdiu'hte*!. " 'I'hey will not let us come neaf them." 'V\n\ polished Lord ( 'hestei'iiidd said: "Sir, I will not tell you Avhat I shall t(dl others, how nuich I a])])i'ove you :"" and he had the Kvauirelist ])i"each in his own private chapel at liretly llall. His wife and her sister embraced the faith. Had he hut done thc! samel lie would not at the close of his hrilliant lif(^ have writ- ten : " I have not heen as wisi' as Solomon, hut I have been as wicked, and I can as truly say, 'all is vanity and vexation of sj)irit." " Hume listened with ])leasui"e and surprise. Horace ^^'alp()le was able to i-esist oidy by extra tritlinus of his restless wit. Holiuii'broke, the are-h-inlidel, heard with aj)j)roval, and his l)ro1lier. Lord St. John, (unbraced the faith of the i)reacher. To all this 1)rilliant circle, Whilerield was as direct and earnest of ajjpi-al as in all other places, and his word was with divine j)()W(!r. The Countess of Suffolk, the reiunina" beauty of (Teorao Second's Court. Pope's "(iood Howard," was under a sermon thrown into jin aoiil with her wise mikI ircnci'ous plans, thiit he dreamed of them in the visions of the* i)i,L'lit. James ( ilazeln'ook. at work as collier near Madeley, Fletcher's home, ai)|)eared hefon' him as the lirst student. With the morninir' liirht (ilazel)rook was at Fletcher's door, himself restless with a kindred vision I II(> was a Christian of seven year's experienee, of no mean u'ift insoni:' and ))rayer. and of seiis(> jind jiid.^. E now iro l»!ili(>|)'s liimds. Tlicy felt the moving' of the Holy (iliosl. iiiid :is llici'c iirc times wIm'ii (•((iistiliitioiis iiiiisl uivi' wiiy tliul N'Mlioiis ihmv Im- >!i\('d, >(> licic UMs ;i time wlicii cliurcli order li:id to liive wiiy tliiit the (io^pcl iiiiii'lil l»e pre;ielied. Maxlield pl'oved Mil mMc liiiill. Liidy I liiiit iiiL'doii said ol" liiiii : "He is my iistoiiisliineiit : liow is (iod's power sliowii ill wcMkiiessI" Soon, within hearinii' ol' the joy and W(trship ol' the throiiiis in the Foundry, Mrs. ^^'esh•y serenely passed to the "sweet societies" on hijih. She asUed her children to sinu". Jit the moment of her (h'partiire. "a ))sahH of pi'aise to (iod" that she was now to he with ('hrist. .John and live of her daui^li- lers miiiiiled their Noices in the sweet, sad exercise. Ilidpers no\s ai'ose, and soon t Wi'iity-three were itiiioratiiiir, foMowiiiir tile example of their iinfirinu" leader. A remarkable man, .lolin Ncdson, appears. lie had heen religiously reared, he was liap|)y in person, family and estate, after the modest stiindiird of a mechanic, a stone-mason. He found that he could not lixc liy hread alone. His hungry soul ijrasix'd stranirelv aftei problems y)\' uood and evil, of life and destiny, and he s})(Mit hours after work in noble loiiuinus and inward discussions. \\(\ was sure tliat true religion would relieve these wants, and towards this his anxieties all tui'ned. But how to tind it? He was already of high morality, but far from rest. His fellow worknuMi )e(>red and insulted him without disturb- iuir his straniTc calnmess. Oiilv when thev took awav his tools, to be given back when he should consent to drink with them, did he tight them until they agreed that he were better let alouc, for "' Im^ hsid as brave a heart as ever Englishman was blessed Avith."' (loing from his home in Yorkshire to work in London, he visited, on Sundays, Church and Chapel, Quaker E <' ^Mm rii> ILroic TliiDX. 00 ijiiict and l{(»iMi>Ii ritual. I>ut iiMwln-rt' did lir tiiid relict", lie had resolved to aliide liy the ( 'hiii-eli and |th»d aloiii: in the dark, when Wliitetieid's >ennons at Mooi't'ndds irave him a new, stranire -lioeU. lie could not sleep, uidess to awake tVoin drcadlul dreams with sweat and shivering'. Then W'cslev came to preach at the same place. \\ lirst sii^lit ot" him Nelson ttdt tiiat Tl this man could tinish toi- him what W'liitetiidd had hciiun. ' Ihis man can tell the secrets of my l>reast : he has shown nu' the remedy tor my wi'ctch- edliess, even the lijood ot" ( hrist ." \\'esley"s sermon seeuK'd to he all for him. 11( )t 1 e was not lone the ruin of linn. J ))l"ssed (lod that Woslev was ever JOHN NKI-SON. i)orn. I 1 earn from iiim that my chief business in this world is to not well out of it." The family that lodiiod him wanted to l)c rid of him, for mischief would come of " so nuich i)rayina' and fuss as he made about reliirion."' He prepared to leave. Then they thouuht : " What if flohn is rijrht and we wronu:?"' One said H' God has done for you anything" more than us, show us how we may tind the same mercy He took them to hear AVeslev, and not in vai n. I! nip If'l '•» 'I ' II! '* hi 10(1 77/f' Stnyi/ of' M( tliDil IsHi . # :! M Nolson \v;is worUiiiii' on the Kxi'lu>(|ii('r Imildiiiii'. On the grounil that it \v:i> :i National rditicc. the contractor riMiuircd liini to woi'k on Sunday. "Tlu' Kind's hiisincss i-cciuircs liastc" Nelson's answer \va.-. that lit* wouM not work on the Sal)l)ath lor any man in I"Ji<:land, t'xiH'pl to (incnch tii'c or to do sonu'thini:' as needy of instant help. " 'I'hen thou shalt lose thy place. *" "I would latluM' starve than ollend (iod." '' \\'hat hast tliou done that (hou niakest sui-h an ado ahout religion y I always took thee tor an honest man and could trust thee with live hundred pounds." "So you miuiit, and have neNci- lost a peimy l>y me." "But 1 ha\-e a worse opinion of thee now than ever." " Master, I have the odds of you there, for 1 have a nuuh worse of myself than you i-an havi'." flolni kept his plact>, and neither he nor his iV-Uows worked auain on Sunday. lie wrote to his wife and kindred in Yorksliirt', uruinu' upon thorn the life that he was now leadinii". In the joy of jiis ni>w mind, he fasted that he miiiht uive the value of his dimier once u week to the poor. He hired a conu'ade to hear ^^'(>sley, and this man declared it the best deed ever done for him, for it hrouuht himself and his wife to the Saviour, (ilorious dreams camo now in which John Nelson in his Hush of streni>tii always conquered Satan I Once in his dreams he saw Satan dashini:' amouii' the pe()i)le as a huue red hull. He hravely urasped the monster's horns, threw it on its hack and trod ujm)!! its neck ! flolm Nelson is of the style of Aidan, the a|)ostle of North En- aliuid a thousand years before, a brave hiiih-hearted man, (Mpial to any emeriiency. So kind, so stronu", so clear of head and (>d. AVeslev heard of Nelson and came to help him. To his surprise he found a preacher aiul a c»)njj:reij::»tion, and took hoth into liis i>rowin<:' system. Our Story has already told a little of Wesley's work in New- castle. It was really after this visit to Nelson that he heiriin rej;- ulai' operations there. The })lowshare of the (Jospel was never di'iven into a wilder soil. IIi^ at once heuan the erection of a chai)el, and in all the reuion of the colliei's the wc-vk of ij^race went on. "It continually rises," said he, " st(>p I.y step." Now, too, he was a week in ICj)Worth, preachiuir from his father's tombstone to thronas that tilled the church-yard, the drunken curati^ forhiddiuir him the jjulpit. A (|ueer incident shows the nature of the work. Some anirry opj)osers procured the arrest of a few Methodists, and thes»' were taken before a niauistrate in a neiirhboriuii: town. " What have they done':''' The accus(>rs had pr(>pared no h^ual chars;e. One found his voice and said: "Why, they pri'tend to be better than other people, and, besides, they pray from morninii' till niizht," " lUit liave they done nothinir else?" "Yes, sir," said one, "th(>y CON >•(')•/('( f my wife, liefore she went amouii" tlnMu she had such a tonuue, and now she is as quiet as a lamb." "Carry them back, then, and let them convert all the scolds in town," and tlw parties were: sent out of court. In every jjlace the converts becanu' bhnneless and harmless. if i^ 1^11 -n 1 I I- III* MM' t l< I" :u I!' if inn II' !.i ""III H I ilil 102 TJie iSfori/ of MethodiHrn. ! ll' I i ,1 i^ 1 ii ri i! V lis: I f itit ill! ]Motliodisin had now reached tlie time when it must dechire itself in an intelli^jihle form, that its own peo})le and the world mi.Ldit know its nature and its purposes. It was already founded. Chapels had been built; preachers were rising; all the distinct- ive usages of the societies had couk; in sight. A i)latf()rm was now necessary, that all might clearly know what was required of its members. Now appears Wesley's genius for statemanship. His dec- laration — The General Rules of the United Societies — for simplic- ity, accuracy and adaption, has no superior among like docu- ments in Church or State. It is still the nucleus of Methodist law and usage, and with almost no amendment is vital in all Methodist connnunities. It contains no formal doctrine, but it is full of the plainest duties. In the American Churches, it is us- ually read once a year in every society, and it can no more be superseded than the Christian life of the Xew Testament which it so faithfidly represents. Such a society, it says, is no other than a company of men hav- ing the form and seeking the power of godliness, united in order to pray together, to receive the word of exhortation and to watch over each other in love, that they may help each other to work out their salvation. Menil)ers are arranged in classes of about twelve, one of whom is styled the leader, lie meets them weekly to inquire, to talk of their soul's welfare, and to receive their gifts for the support of the society, and these he duly passes on to the stewards and preacher. Only one condition of entrance to the classes is established — a desire to tlee from the wrath to come, and to ))e saved from their sins. This desire will l)e shown, tirst, by doin;/ no ]iarni. Then comes a remarkable transcript of Christian morals : " By avoiding evil of every kind, especially that which is most generally practiced." Then follows a partial list of these evils, such as before Wesley's eyes were wasting the resources and low- Xm The Heroic 7'unes. 103 criiig the civilization of Eiiirland ; such as mar social order, and ruin human souls in all lands and aii'es. "Drunkenness, the buying or selling of spirituous rKjUors or drinking them, uidess incases of extreme necessity." Here AVeslev was far ahead of his time, and, even in our day, so long after, we see the truth hardly more clear- ly than he. Fraud towards the State : 1. ing or selling goods that have not })aid the duty, the matter in which men are so easily led to quibble, is by name forbidden. " liorrowing, with- out a probal)iiity of })aying, or taking up goods without a ))roba- bility of ])aying for them." How lofty the Christian sense of connnercial honor I Then comes solenni admonition of things in which a lively conscience must always be the judge, and the con- science nuist l)e enlivened by the Holy Ghost, in ord(n* to judge lightly : "Doing what they know is not for the glory of (iod ; as the putting on of gold and costly apparel, the taking of such di- versions as cannot be used in the nanu' of the Lord Jesus ; the singing those songs or reading those books that do not tend to the knowledge or lov(^ of (Jod: softness and needless self-indul- gence ; laying up treasures on earth." If these things seem se- vere, so is the regimen of Christianity itself a self-denial and u self-control, and if here is a military sternness of discipline, so are Christians called to be soldiers. After this statement of things not to be done, comes the sug- oestion of active, ])ositive aoodness. Doinu' uood of every kind to the bodies and souls of men — feedina', clothinii" and visitintr ; rei)roving, instructing and encouraging; "trani})ling under foot that enthusiastic doctrine that we are not to do good unless our hearts be free to it;" /. e., imJess trp fed J ike it. Kspecial good nuist be done to them of the household of faith, " Decause the world will love its own, and them only;" em[)loying them })refer- al)lv to others, l)uvini>' of one anothei- and heluiuij: each other in business. Diliirence and fruirality, i)atit'nce and meekness are il- lu'^trated and enjoined. i 1 if mf Ml '!' mil n III •i«i n u M I i '.1' ■ i : i r ■ "■ ill HI m ni mmmmmmm I I! * 104 '/'/><' ,S/ori/ i)f Jli-l/oxli'.- ■II , ''riiir l| - %\ fe lO 11 to !l- 110 •II- llii' of 'If 10 l\V 0(J IV m "If >>'*¥ •III if'j Ml ill )li i "nil iDi; Till' Stnfi/ I if' Mi'tlinl isiii. \\ I I J. v. ■I i': t I i i| ii Strange pliysieal cH'ccts wci'*' frccnicnl under lii> l)l•(■!l(•llillL^ sukI al Ncwcasllc llicy were now specially tVe(|uent. lie exaniiiieaid (|iiietly: "1 fear (iod and honor the Kiiiii'. " The captain (|iiailed. and. returiiin:^:' his sword to 1 litiM ' 1^ tMIW it 1 '•IM T iilli ;i'< 1 t 'I 1 'II '■ 1 III li " 1 •'I ' ■■..i:| [ :;!'■ 1 1 'i(i>ri/ I if' Mith(j<(isiii . il its scabliMnl, lie Viiiiislicd tVoiii the ^cciir. \\'<'>l<'y went to il tViciid's house, hut tlic lllol) ciiinc liowliiii;- ok. All the luol»s lie liiid si'i'u "were its Ijtiults to these."' Thev set to pulliiii:" down the )>rea<'hiiiii-house " whil" we were ))riiyiiiii" :iiid praisiui;- (iod. It was a irloi'ious time with us, and luany found the Spirit otMilory resting uj)()n them." The rioters went on all nighl , t i-yinir to ])reak the dooi- and teai'ing down one end ot' the house. Charles calmly slept. "I i)eli(!ve I got nioi'e sleep than any of" my neigh- hors.'' He was expounding at five tlie next morning and preached later in the town. After he went from the cliapel the moh left not ST. IVKS. one stone of it npon another. They afterward followed him, broke in \\\v windows of his lodging, and j)ro|)osed to tear it down. AVeary but fearless, he "fell asleej) in tive minutes in the dis- mantled room." He sank into the nursing of sleep, that knits uj) the ravelings of care, with the words : " Scatter Thou the )ieo))le that delight in war I " At Hve the next morning he comforted his brethren and went on t<» other i)lai'es of toil and danirer. \\ i-ame to his knowledy:e that the.' rlern'v of Slu'ilield had .^ .4 TItt IJtI'OiC 'rillK'X. l()!t iiiiisc'd this iii(»l», s(» (IciKmiK'iuLT Motliodisin as to inaUc the |)t'()])l(' tliink that whocvci- even Uillcd them was doiiiu- (iod x-rvicc. At St. Ives, whci'ci he was pi'ciu'hini; soon after, and which Ix'- caino a stroniT center ot" Metliodisni in the west of Kniiland, a niol» lirojve- the \vin(h)ws of the cliapel, tore np its seats and carried away everytliinji' hnt its stone-walls, while Charles looked on silently. Wlienthov Hercelv swore that In* slionld i)reac.h there no more, he at once heiran to jjroclainj tlu^ (Jreat Redemption. Thev lifted theii" cluhs upon him, hut, sti'anac enonu'lu never struck liini. They bent and rudely trami)led even the women present, hut those and all wcn^ full of endurinir couraji'e. After an hour, the crowd fell into a (juarrel of tiieir own, l»roke the head of their own captain, the town-clerk, and left Wesley and his i)eople.irivini:" thanks for Jibility to keep the tield until victory came. At Poole a church- warden headed the mob and drove \\'esley and his iicarers out of the jiarish, and there on the church-rcH-ord stands, to this day, tlu! bill paid for li(|Uor furnished on the occasion I Sure- ly then; was need of reformation I And, amid the yell of mol)s, Methodism came into Cornwall to slay. These miners were men of couraue and sincerity, and .Methodism has amonu' them a list of saints and heroes, many of whom contimie unto this present. Soon after this John \\'esley, with Nelson, came to the same re- gion. Xelson worked at his trade by day and heljx'd Wesley at niirht. For three weeks of service, they slept on the lloor. "\\'esle3' had his areat-coat for a pillow ; I had Uurkitt's Notes on the New Testament for mine," says Nelson. One morninu' about three o'clock Wesley turned over, and, tindinir N<'lson awake, clapped him on the side : " Brother Nelson, let us l)e of uood cheer ; 1 have one whole side yet, for thc^ skin is otf but one side.'' Thev were seldom asked to eat and drink. Once Wesley stopped to pick blackberries. "Brother Nelson, W(! ouirht to be thankful that there are plenty of blackbei'ries, for this is the best country 1 ever saw for ji'ettinu' a stomach, but the worst I ever saw for W m ^: r" m ill II I Hi Hi ■i: i iii- M I lO 110 Tha iSfof'/ of Mcthoillsni, t* .t^'ttili;: food. Do llic people tliilik lliiit we y preneh- lliL^.'' Nelson siiid : "I know not wluit llie\' iiiav think : but one iisked in<' t(» eat sonietliinii' .'is I ejiine from St. .lust, w lien 1 ate lieai'tilv of bread and lione\'. \\ eslev sai( 1: "V (111 are \V( 11 oir I had thought of beii'^inn' a crust of bread of the wonu-n when' I met the people at Morvali, but foi'uot it till I had u'ot some dis- tance fr(»m the house." All this has lon^" since t-haiiiicd in Connvall. Kven then it was cheered by the Jiearty /eai with which the (iospel was welcomed. On his last morning' with them \\'esley was waked between three and four bv thrones of niineis under his window, sinuiiuii' as thev waited for the sermon at live. Nelson remained to serve those hopeful societies. \\'esley now followed where Charles had Ik'cu at ^^'alsal and Wednesbury in the " Hlack Coiuitry." A mob l»or<' him in the niii'ht and a violent rain, to a mau'isti'ate in town and to another two miles away ; neither would rise fi'om his bed. Another mob, led by an Ama- zon, took him from the first, the leadei" knockiuii' down several men in his defence, until she was herself o\-ercome. A man ainu'd blows with an oaken stall' at Wesley, any one of which would have killed him, but strauii'cly not one hit him. lie was then struck on his l)reast and mouth, but felt no ])ain. He cahnly watched the mol), crvinu', like the roai' of waters, "Knoc k his bi-ains out down wi th I imi kill I lim at once I crucifv him No, let's hear lim first."* criec lotl lers. II e broke out aloud mto pi'ayej Tl le leader, a prize-tiiihter, was oxcrawed and suddeidy said: "Sir, 1 will spend my life for you : follow me. and not one soul here diall touch a hair of \o\\v head. A butcher took ell'ective hold of four or live of the rioters ; others turned protectors, and all to- il'cther ojx'ued the way and iiuai'ded Wesley to his lodiiinus. '\\\v captain of this mob was, tVom the moment of his tui'uinu', iu deep urief foi' his doiniis. lie soon joined the society he was Ix'iit on destr ovmi:'. What do vou think of mv brother?" asked J TlHi Ih roic y iiiirM. Ill Cliiillc Think oriiiiii — that Iio is a (111 his si(h>, uhcii s(» maiiv ot" man of (iod : and (Jod w-h lis coidd not kill one man So tin (TiiN- anc 1th plowshare of the (rospd suhsoilcd socictv. The d magistrates usnally opposed it and approved the inohs, hut all tlios<» outl>r<'aks drew the attent Wesl( d 1 (^y and ins now torty-live itiiiei-ants W^W th tliein. Tl ioi: of th<' eonnnon people, e crisis to he n|)on us was no time to lliiieh from their eallinuf. \y lien nmx Is were alert and mol.s were rife, impressions fresh, deep and lasitin*;: could he made. I'p and doin.r t I i' ff W ».... 1 ; 1 m* 1 1 1 llttt 1 1 . Ml *. f 4 iff h ■^iH« ^li i! I t CIIAITKIJ VI. Jiaffh's (I III/ Mifnrirx. IIK strife liTcw IK) cooler. Charles K(l\\ iird Stuart, •rraiidsou ol" .lames II., who had ill Kiss I)eeii driven t'roiii the Kiiiilisli throne, tried to re<;ain what his <;randtatlier had lost. With seven men he JaiiiU'd on an island of the Hebrides. The Seoteh of the North rose to help him, hut the battle of Culloden brouiriit his effort to a bloodv end. Aniony; the storii's that ran al)()ut AVes- lev, one was that lu^ was an aij:ent of the ProtcMider, a Komanist in disguise, ami)ly sui)i)lied with money to aid m the ruin of En- ghind. This nave a new pretenee to the mo])s and A\'alsal andWcd- nesburv wore roused aii'ain. The houses of Methodists were wreck- ed, and personal violence most shanu'fully indulged. Proprietors threatened to discharge their workmen if they refused to join the mob, and for a week the villages for four or tive miles were actual- ly ill civil war. The same })ro})rietors promised to check the mob if the Methodists would sign a pledge never to receive or invito a preacher. Not one would sign ! " We have lost our goods ; Ave can now lose only our lives ; we will not, to save them, wn*ong our consciences."' It whs printed in London that these "disturl)- ances" were because the Methodists " upon some pretended insults from the Church party, had risen against the Government." Wos- 112 M fiiiL JJaHh.'K oiiil \'ii/ijn'rs. l\:\ lev kiH'W that was a I'u', and he liasti'iu'd to face IIm' iii(tl». \lv \\ni\n\ war, indeed. 'I'lic mayors and iiiairistrates of a tlo/cn towns, from Dndley to llirstal, weic lioundin;L' the niol> to riot. Only here and there a (^naker liad their bounty with his fel- l()w-[)ris()ners. His wife and young children came. She said, through the hole of the door : " Fear not ; the cause is (rod's, for which you are here, and He will })lead it Himself. He that feeds the young ravens will be mindful of me and the children. He will give you strength ; He will i)erfect what is lacking in us, and hriuir us to H is rest. Nelson answered this brave woniai I cannot fear either man or devil, so Ion*; as I rind the love of God as 1 now lo. Batth f'S (did 17(yo/vV.s. 11; 1 1 1 i 1 .'(is lit lie w.'is sciil 1() Leeds. II'' llidiiulit of *li(' Pilirriiu's Pioiiross, ni tor Imiulrcds in the street iiM/eut ir. v:iiii. At nii^lil a hundred persons worshiped with him in the jail. He was taken to Yoi'k. where "hell from beneath was moved to meet him." so was Methoilism hated there. As armed troops guard- ed him throuii'h the streets. ])eople shouted from streets and indows as if one who had laid waste ihe Nation were eaplive. w It if 11 had I) itv hut (lod was 1o nun as it inei'c nad heen none m llie city l>ui Knn\ and me I" He admonished the otiieers when they swore, and they eowered before his eye and word. The corporal, who dresse(? him for i)arade. shook as if he had the ])alsy. He said he would hear arms as a cross hut would not use them. To tiirht was not aii'reeahle to his eonseienee. and he would not !iann hi:^ I'onseienee for any man on "arth. He had a woi'd for all who ai)j)roaehed him. He ])reaehed to a ureat eomi)a;iy who wished to iret his views, and they said : "This is tlie doctrine that ought to he ])rea('hed. let men say what they will against it. "" A young ensign ])ut him in ])rison for ])reaching and lor re- l)uking his ])rofanily. "It caused a sore lemjjtation to arise in me. to think that a wicked, ignorant man should thus tor- ment me. and I able to tie his head and heels togetlu'r. T found an old man's bone in me : l»ul the Lord lifted up a stand- ai'd. when anger was coming .)n like a llood. else I should have wrung his neck to the ground and set my foot u|)on him." After three months Lady Huntingdon ])rocured his discharge, md he went to his spiritual warfare. Now fell the first martyr to .Methodism. Thomas lieard. a preacher, was in Nelson's i-egiment by a like proi-ess. He was brave, but his health failed and he died in hospital. \vlieri'"h(^ still })raised tiod continually." "Servant of (Jod. well done I " Wesley was deei)ly atl'eeted by his death, and Charles wrote up- on it two of his best hvmns. !i 'I ! in ' I i. ■i* I' . ii t i mwff i wiimn Mwwtiwwi ssm I * ; I 111 l|f ,3 fliT *-l 1 1 ^f , ll"/d MONUMENT OF JOHV AND CHARLES WK8LEV, IM WESTMINSTER ABBEY. jilttl till I t Uil' m il! ill ; i't 1' 5 m 118 77/6 >Sfor>/ of Methodism. It was ill Auirust of 1744 tliat Wesley preached his last sermon before the Universitv at Oxford. "I am now clear of the hlood ot those men." He remcmhi'rcd Ihat on that dav in the century lu'fore, liis ancestor. Jolm Westley, had, Avith two thousand ch'rirynien, l)cen lurned from parish, house and home. "I am only hindered from preaching, and that in a kind of h()noral)le manner: it l)eing determined that, when my turn came next, they would pay another person to preach for me." I'hey respect- ed his Lfcneral character. Thev little thouirht they Avere jrcttinir rid of the most illustrious man that Oxford has ever produced. A statue of AYesley adorns the House of Parliament ; his hust is among the illustrious dead of Westminster Abbey, but at Ox- ford he has no honor. ,%^1|'0 WKSL1.V AT TlIK riAXO. M C IIAPTEll VIL Tin' First Conference. APIDLY and widely was the work of Metliodisni cxtcndin ; "If (rod spare us till another Conference." At that next Conference it was asked : " Can we have a semina- ry for laborers yet?" " Xot till God gives us a ])r()per tutor," was the answer, then. These educational longings were worthy of a movement that l>egan in a University. They foreshowed the vast educational system, that counts to-day in one branch of Methodism, in one country, more than a hundred institutions of learning. Lady Huntingdon entertained the Conference. Wesley ))reach.. ed in her mansion from : " What hath (iod wrought?" introducing her system of household sermons, that made her I^ondon residence a chapel. Two of \\'esley's clergymen took ])art in the sei'vices, and his four lay-preachers sat with them, their i)eei"s in calling it not in churchly order. On Friday the Conference adjourned. The work befori; them was not yet to organize an ecclesiastical Itody. It was to bring men to Christ, to create a Itody of sincere helievers and practical workers. Providence would guide the futiu'e. Wesley now felt called to a defense of his opinions and prac- tices in a wider and more lasting manner. II is Earnest Ai)peal ta Men of Reason and Religion is elo(|uent. hold and thoughtful. Tt speaks of facts, })lain to all eyes. There had come in five year> a great reform in England. "Christ is jtreadu'd, and sinners j re converted to (iod." The inference, therefore, caimot be denied, that "(rod is now visiting His people." He defends his open-air preaching. "For jtreaching inward salvation, attainable by faith, we were forbid to i^reach any more in those churches where, till ■'i|' II »:3 ttIB iiii 'Ilk , Mil "'It , I t f ^ 1. i i 1 ■ ' t ill: h. !:: i ]-2-2 Th>' Stortf of Midhodtstn. then, wo w»M»? irliuUy received. Wo nowdoclaro tho irriice of (rod, who (Iwelletli not in toinplos luado with Imnds, in all |)l.'U'<'s ot' His doniinioii. ^^'e dtH'hiro it whorovor a door is oponod. nor dare wo rofraiii." IIo turns upon the regular cdergy. "There are anioni!: yourselves unirodly, unholy men. A cleriryinan, so druidv that he can scarcely stand, may (as at Epworth) in tho i)rosence ot" a thousand jx'ople sot uj)()n another clergyman, ot" tho same Church, hoth with abusive words and open violence. Where, then, is your zeal against these':'" This book had its ett'cct, but Wesley's power was in his daily .abor, bringing the people to the Saviour, and framing them into Christian order and fellowshii). "liy their fruits ye shall know them." Charles, now going to Cornwall, wIum'o persecution had Just raged so tiercely, writes, " What an amazing work has (rod done in one yojir I " The preacher, with five or six sermons a day, could not moot the de- mand for i)reaching. Tho morals of tho whole jx'oplo had im- ijrovod. At a jail delivery, not one felon was found in prison ; a thing utterly imknown before. A wrivstling match was given u|), "all tho (iwomiai) men l)oing struck olf tho devil's list, and found wrestling against him, and not for him." .Vt tho amphitheater he spoke for three hours, "yet knew not how to stop," to thou- sands on its liToen slopes. All the societies were urowiuir, and where i)ersecution had l)oen ticrcest, "our Lord rides on tri- umphant." Tho wars of the Continent, in which England was now in- volved, "the war of the Austrian Succession," called for soldiers. Preachers and moml)ors wore impressed for the service. In Cornwall, John Wesley was arrested. AVhon tho arresting party found they had a gentleman and a clergyman, thov excused him for a day, and never again troubled him. That evening, he was, while ])reaching, dragged away, "for his majesty's service," but was soon returned and completed his sermon. The next day .4 ) Jl The First Conference. 123 51 iiiol) iiHsailcd liiiu al Falmouth, and his escape was narrow, liiit in the midst of alarms, he was amazed at the success of the truth. " I never remember so ^reat an awakeninj;." Soon he writes, " We are here in a new world, as it were, of peace, honor and abundance ; how soon T should melt away in this sun- shine I but the ;^()()dness of (iod sull'ers it not." Xelson, too, at York, where he had been impressed, now preach- ed with "e ii his life. Soon he saw "the Saviour on a cro> unid partinir clouds," and "allmyuiiilt was gone." I'he chami)i(m was con- verted; ten, at least, of his comrades went with him. Soon three hundred soldiers Mere in the societies, and seven were preachinir. Tabernacles ^vere built in the camps, and Ilaime bravely said, "I have now three armies airainst me : the French, the wicked Enirlish, and one of devils." Kven the ofKcers and their families were drawn to the preaching. At Fontenoy, ]\Iay 1, 174."), forty-six thousand men entered the dreadful battle. Staniforth prayed for grace to " behave as a Christian, and a good soldier," and as he and Bond lay on their arms after the first day of the l)attle, " we had sweet communion." One of the ^Methodists, anticipating death, as lie went into the tiirht. said : "I am going to rest in the bosom of Jesus," and so he did. The courage of these men in battle, and their fortitude in d Tin; F(i\s( C'»>/f-i'tun', \2'> suH'criiiir, amazed even tlic Inavc hearts around them. ChMiieiits, a preacher, with one arm oroken. ^n'asped his sword with the other liand; "I will not l'o yet."" His other arm was shattered. "I am as hapj)}' as 1 can i>e out of paradise."" Kvans, hoth h'jj^s shot away, died, jjraisinir and exhortiiiir. llaime"s horse was iSfn)'i/ of Mif/iiii/isiii. luaiUt'd l»y no s|)«M'iiil iiitcrcsl. Tlu' North of Kii<;laii(l was astir with the PrctciuU'i's war. and at N«'Wl tlu' wlioli- town,"" to dnii:' the lirst pi-oiiflier i-oiiiiiii:". 1>y a lialtci-. and drown him in thf ri\ ei'. A haH'-insaiU' man stood to throw the haUcr : a Imtchcr was to Htarl the dra^- '•inir. 'rhrvcoidd earth, where for some time he hiy. The moh followed him as he stag- irered away, with blood streaming (h)wn his l)aek, erying that lirt' f M ■ ''l ' v '1! !! » 'ifili ^1 If 1' P 1 "^'i ' y\ 1 1 ^^1 i 1.1 / of Mcllioilism. tli(\v would Uill liiiii hi'voiid tho town. lie tliouirlit lunv his Lord was slain wilhout llic pitc. A door was opcni'd lor liini : a sur- t(M'niin('(l, dared and done. Ncdsou had pn-at'lu'd at Mancliostcr, in I74.'i, the lirst Methodist hiy s(M'inon. ^^'('sl('y h)vcd the miu'lity "(aU'l)." About this time flolin 'rhorj). a drunkard of Yorkshire, de- clared to his eonn'a(hvs that he eouhl out-i)reaeh A\'hiteliehl. lie opened the 15ihi(> at random and read, " Kxoept ye re|)ent, ye shall all likewise ])erish." It seemed to him a holt from heaven I In terroi" h(> could not but i)roeeed. (Jod spoke throuiih him, makiuir his own hair stand on end, and bindinn' with a spell the drunken eomi)any. After the discourse, he left the ale house and joined a society. .Vfter two years of rei)entance and aniiuish, he found peace, l)ecame a successful preacher, and " madt> a glorious end." \\'eslev was now in fidl tide of labor and success. The period of i)eril was over; only toil remained. At stormy ^^'ednesbuI•v he preached to vast coni»reiriitioiis. '' behavini;: iu !i maimer becom- inir the (iospel." In London, the rector of St. Bartholomews, himself become a Methodist, oi)ened his church to ^^'esley. "How strant ■: '■ \m ^'■^^■n II I I fi iti'i^. il 4 5ft Tha l'^irt>ii/'''rrit<'(' i;;l (lom swore iirossly, "unless in suitaldc t'oinpiiny." and. uiu'ii he li'ot (Iruiik. he still aimed to "sleep it oil' l»etoi'e he i:'(>t home'.'' He \\as ill this sliaiuef'ul life visited Ity deep com ii't ions. niid. al'ler years of hetore he lieard ;i Methodist ])reaeher or read a Methodist pul)li(at ion. Heeoniimr curate at Ilawortli, he joined Wesley, and, in an orl)it )f 1 ol ins own, lie foil owed \\ eslev )laii.- ■( ii'iiiisliaw"s circuit- served man\' towns ni his d tlie li Hi served hy " ( iriiushaw 's Preacher^ region, and he had his classes, love-leasts and I lie like, iiis lahoi's, e\-eii in these evan<>'(diziiiu;' years, were notaltle. He ti'av- eled his two circuits every two weeks, often preachini:" thirty times a week. In the four hamlets coiii|)osini:' his parish, he jireaclied four times a month, liesides his regular church services ; and also a nieetinii' at his i)arsonaii'e, each inorniiiir. when he was at home, Jle would even preach at the doors ot" those who iie* III !) W B ti 1 '••it'! ! I i:\-2 J'Ik' .S/iiri/ ()/' Mcthnilis III . Maniiii(lul<(i (iwviinc wms a true prince of W!il(\s. lie lived in a stately way at (iartli, with ehaplain and servants, a larire family, and many a uuest. ^^'llen Ilai'ris had preached near (Jarth, (Jwy.me, as mau'istrate, proposcMl to arrest him as an in- cendiary, in Church and State. "But 1 will hear him myself Ix'fore 1 conunit iiim." He was deeply alfected under the sermon, and "thouiiht the preacher resend)led one of the Apostles." At the close he went and took Ilai'ris by the hand, told him his dis- appointment, asked his pardon, l)ade him Godspeed, and invited him to his mansion for su|)per. lie was a warm, irenerous man. helpinii- in many ways the irood work, and i;ivin'e. John i){iiciated at the ceremony and "was the happiest })erson amoni>' us."' It was a fitting and hap])v union. Mrs. Wesley's home was fixed at liris- tol. She was in full harmony with her hus))and"s callinu" and tem]ier. She a])preciated the heroes of every degree, and such as Melsoii and his brethren were W(dcome at her house. Often trav- elinir with lier husband, she made herself dear to the women of the societies, and strenji'tlicned the hands of her husband. Mrs. (trace Hurray, a lady of culture and education added to brilliant natural uifts, had been in charge of Wesley's house at Newcastle. She had also been his "right-hand" in organizing his societies of women, lioth in England and Ireland. Wesley had hoped that she would be his wife ; but, while he lingered, she became engaged to John Bennet, a lay preacher. Wesley's suf- ferings were severe, but she would not break her engagement. Her husband left the Methodists : but, afterAvards, during a wid- owhood of fifty years, she had class-meetings in her own house- Her dvini:' words A\ere : " Peace Thou givest me." Both Wesley I The F'irst Crniirrt^nce, 133 i and I'.crsclf socincd to count "nliiit miulit liavo boon" as a bitter loss. IIo marriod a ladv of oxocllont diaractor, but so unsuitalde to him as to mako nis marriairo tho strauiio niistako and niistbrt- une of ni.s lifo. His kindnos'^ and cait' of Mrs. Alurray, after her marriaire, jmd his high regard for her husband, proved well his ciiivalrous piety. TAUVTON WESLEVAJf COLLE*.E, K.'.'GLANU, ES "AULISUiiU iO*-; ! •<<;•■ ;{ ntk !'■! T^'ymmm P CHAPTER Vni. I^; ll^ ^Irtlux] is)n ill TveJand. ,()K llii'cc liuiidrcd yoars tliis uiiliajijn' land has hccii the scandal and i)('r])l('xily of its rulers, the home of oppression, disorder and misery. \\'esley liad taken tlie world for his parish, and, as soon as his work was eleai'ini:- itself from danirers in Kni^land, ho Mas anxious to do s(imethinerkelev had alread\ suiin'csted that persons conversant with low lit"e. and the Irish tongue, and the first jjrinciples of reliL^ion, niiiiht mix with the connnon people, 12'el their conlidence, do them good, and hrinu' them to the church. Sonu'thinii; like this already was there in tlu' ^Mendicants of the Komish Church. AVhcn "\Ves- lev, haviuL^ alreadv set at woi'k in Knii'hind what Bei'koloy suir- iiested, came to li'cland. Protestantism was feehle and waninir. His success we shall fmd hut moderate, yet, without liim. Protest- antism would havt' vanished iVom the island. lieaching Dublin, Aui:'. !>, 1747, he i)reached that day at St. Mary's to "as eay smd careless a coni:re|L>'at ion" as he had ever seen. The curate, with /he Ai'chhishop, wished no lay preachers. M iiiii I: "11 ( n \ .1 ( - .: • 111 ItMlli ■ if ¥1 'i ; III. . . I '■■■ m U ■' '.]■ ■f "i: rl), I ■ ' i' ! ! 'i ir *' i I 136 T/ic IStovj of ^Itdiudlsiii. \Ve,sloy proceeded independently. \rilliiiins, a lay preacher from England, had formed a society of three hundred. "Wesley fomid these "strong" in the faith, docile ;;nd cordial. lie preach- ed for two weeks to crowds at. tlu! chapel, who gav(» him a politcj hearing. Tie was pleased, and tliought, Iho prospect better thai» in London itself. Yet h(> saw 1h(> need of caic — "these eordiai people are ('(jually susceptil)le ol' good or of ill im])rcssions !" Atter two weeks he returned, and soon Charles came over. Meanwhile the Celtic ardor had blazed, and m a genuine Ii-ish not, with its noiso and lightings, litid wrecked tho chapel, made a hon fire of its contents, and threatened to kill the society. Tho mayor couhl do nothin,:^; the grand jury favored the rioters. "Swaddlers" was tho Irish for Methodists. It was caugiit from a Christmas sermon, by a ]>()))ish hearer, wlio thought '^-waddlillg clothes" a Protestant d(nic(i to ridicules Iho infant Savioui". Even tho children shouted this. Every day Charles preached in thu parks, and one or more were killed by the* mob, for an Irish mob is bloodier than an Enulish. ^Vt last tho Gosijcl subdued them. "I luivo never iit thu Foundry seen a congregation more respect- ful than on Dublin green." The prayers and sol)s of tho people almost drowned his voice. lie ]:)reached every day, and even five times a day. IIo l)uilt a ])etter chapel, and, as they came into it out of u^reat tri1)ulati()n, thev had a dav of "solenm reioic ing in ho[)o of Tils coming to wipe all tears trom our eyes." lie heard of awakenings in other places. The Irish love ot song and music served him well, and even Catholic children caught and sung liis hymns, or whistled his tunes. Hundreds camo to be charmed by ^lethodis/; sinuiim-, who would as readilv have gone tc hear Caodi O'Learv, or Turloiih O'Carolan, the last Irish bards. At Wexford, one, who with his sj)alpeens was to wreck a barn where a meetlnji" was held, hid in a sack within the barn tc watch m ^^iL.uu. M('f/>ni/is7n in TrcJniiil. 1.-. > i I ' ;iMi'rM:i!. The >iiiy,iM<; i-liitriucd liiin, mikI he must hear that. Then caiuo tlio ])fayor, uiidt-r wliicli lu^. I'oai'i'd (»ut with remorse and trellll»lillL^ I'hc^ people tliouuht. Satan was in the sack I If was pidled oil', and (iiere was a weepinu'. prayinir Irishman I lie was soundly eonverted. At Tyn-ei Pass u yreat work l>eu:an. At Athlone was a moh, and the dragoons in- terfered. At IMiilipstown the drauoons tlieniselves liad a soeietv. "All turned from darkness toliirht."' ![<• felt that ^Fethodisin wa:^ f.jrly planted in Iicland. John eamo ovi'r, and his Journal shows how truly h(^ saw the Irish eharacler. Tlie ])eopIe \\vv{\ eoi'dial and polite, full of L'ood- will and desires. "The Avaters s[)read too wide to he deep. I /ound not one undei' very slronir conviction, nmch less had any iittained th(^ know le(li:'(M)f salvation in hearing thirty sermons." lie did not ho[)e for any rapid success of Methodism, though ho believed it was the land's sore need. As he was j)reaching at .Vthlone, to a vast luimlier of Roman- ists, their i)riest came, and "droves tluMU away like a tlock of ?hoep."' Wesley preached "the terrors of theTiord, in the strong- est manner I was ahle." They ate evei'y word, yet seemed to di- gest none. They were an " immeasural»ly loving people." A\'heii ho lel"t, thei'e was such wee[)ing as he nevei* heard hetore. still, "I see nothing as yet l)ut drops l)etore a shower." C)rganizing Ireland with societies, he returned al'ter three months to Kngland. Charles, coming over, saw all signs of jirospority, only he fear- ed it was shallow. Of two hundred members at Cork, "all seeni- L'd awakened, liut not one of them justilied." "How t"ew will own God's messengers when the sti'cam turns I" He seemed to read the warm, gay, changeful and iier^-e Irish i-haracter. The storm burst over Cork. Hardly had Charles gone, when one lUitler, a hallad-singer, with clerical gown and Uible, evi- M .!r II;: 4 ■ ■ ! ■■"•I 1. 1 .1 '■i ; ,;;!> i. I. * ' ,i Ola m I 1. f- I 1 ' 1 i ■ 1 1 • 1 s „J i;}.s 77/'' Stitvi/ iif M(i}it)ilix)n, (Icntly ;i|)|)i'(no(l In llio mayor, boiran jji-oadiiiii: anaiiisf tho Mclliodisls. Tlicir pci'sons wen; Ufssailcd, and tlicii' houses torn down: llio mayor sayiiiir that, under his rule, "the })riests were protcetod, the Metliodists not." llutUn" and his ^ranus in-ied : "Five pounds tor the head (»t' a S\vad(Uer I" Tlie urand jury threw out all depositions airainst the i-'ioters, and even presented Charles, and nine of his assoeiates (eight preachers, and one who PARSON nUTLEU'S ATTACK O.V TlIK MinitoniST CIIAI'KL AT COUK, IRELAND. entertauied them), as vauahonds, prayinu' their transportation. Tins hrouiihl them to the Kini>""s court, liutler was the tii-st wit- ness. " \\\\\\i is your callinii?"' " I sinu' l)allads." ''■ Why, hero are six <:entlemen indicted as vagabonds, and the first accuser is a vapibond by prot'cssion I" said the judge. The second accuser was put under contempt of court, and the jireachiM's (-Icarcd, \\\ 17.')0. another not rulv>d \\\ Cork, but at leuglli came peace. mal ins Bea r.' Mf'tliinHfiiii hi Ii'chiiiil. i;ji) A lai'ir*' cliapcl was huill ; \\'('sl('y was entertained at the mayor's mansion, and he was even atVa'id that the circuit miiiht enervate lis i)reaeliel': W >)>! ncniarkahle conversions occiirrec In Antrim, a most vicu )ll.S deat-mute was converted, and, when the preacher came, lie would run tVoiii house to house witli the news. He refused to work on the Lord's day, and h'aruini:' the sa«'red jjromiscs, and their places in the Hil)le, he would put his tinirer on tliem "with a wild, screaiuinir voice, and lloods ot" tear: ^'lolcnce still liroke out. and .lolin M(d>urnev, at I'JinisUillcn, was \\\v tirst Irish martvr, under ( ircunistanccs much hUc tIio>e attending the fate of Thomas Beard, our !irst martyr in I-Jigland. A\'eslcy declares that the Irish were the politest jx'oph! he (!Vor knew, and that courtesy in their cabins was as perfect as at the courts ot London and Paris. A remarkable man was soon raised up to the front rank of the AVesTeyMU worthies. riioiuas ^\'al^h, a strictly trained ( atholic, but of active mind and longini:' heart, stood, in ITl!', on the pa- rade-ground at Limerick, to hear a i)reacher, Swindells. He iiad attained much in study, had lived l)y the straight rules of his Church, and yet found no rest. .\n older l)r()ther had ])ecome Protestant ; he also, after an agony, study and discussion, did the same, and in his eighteenth year, at one in the morning, after a long interview with his l)roth(U' and others, lie fell upon his knees and I'or ihc tirst time ])raycd to none 1)ut God. Yet he tenderly loved his Komish friends and he found no clear rest for his heavy- laden heart. At li'iigth, in a ^lethodist meeting, he was set free by llini "who cometh from Edom and Avith dyed garments from P>ozrali."' Now was in Ireland a saint indeed, in this world l)ut not of it, such as no recorded saint suri)asses. lie knew L'lsh, he mastered Knglish, Latin, (ireek and Hebrew, all that ho might fully know and teach the Bible. ITe entered the ministry I I!" *' Ill • i nl V '.1 ' • '\ . 1 '1,, ... u . ''\ '] \ i; ^HT" II ' I, h 11 Mrf/i(ii/is)ii ill /I'l/iinif. 141 wltli ;i\V(' Mild Iicsit.'iiicy. " liCird .I»' priiycr. He wnlkril ihiity iiiilfs to lii> tirst ii|i|i()iiitiM('ii I. It \\:i> III !i I»;ini, :iii(l lie \\:i^ licard w itli cdii tnidi tions, luockiTV aiid tciirs. Soon In- was prcacliiiii:' daily to multi- tudes. TIm' Ii'ixli, addrcsscil in their own toii;^iif, smote their bn'iists. Mild hciriiiH"^ under his word knelt in the >treet> to |»ra\'. A iiat ive, with whom he fenioust raleli. swore to ki iimi. >\'al>ji reproNcd him in Irisli. "\\'hy didst thou not so 8|H'ak to iiie in the Iteii'imiiiie?" " | jet hjni know in Iri>li wliat Christ had done tor sinners, and he departed with ji l)rokeii heurt." The Irish loniiue is pathos itselt'. W'/hh i/mi jtlrinl j'nr ijoiir llj'f, jihdil in Irish. 1 1 is task was t he harder for his heiiiir rejLTMi'ch'd as an apostMle iVoiii IJoine. and he had many a iiioh to faee. ()iieprie>t told his people that \\'mU1i was dead and that this preat'her was the (h'\ il in Jiis >-liape I Vet the common peoph' would run to hear him, and under his sermons call with tears up- on the X'irii'iu, the Apostles and all tlu' Saints. His work aiuoiig his own peo[»le was wonderful. Wesley sent him to London, wheri' lie spoke 1o crowds of eountryiueu in the ton^^ue in which tin were horn. ])ourinu' out upon theui the tidiness and eiieri^y of a ::low in<:- soul. A\'esley says: "I do iu)t remeuiher e\er to have known a ])reaclu'r. who, in so lew years as he >'omaiued upon earth, was an instrument of converting'' so many siiuicrs." lie labored for nine years, a Iturn- uiu and a shininti" liii'ht, wonderful in his knowledii'c' of Serii)tiire, ill his saintly livinji", in his ehxjueuce. He died after much lucutal suHerinu', hut at evenini!' time it was liu'ht. By such a man, and his nssoeiatos, Methodism was rooted in Ireland, \\'esley often visited tuid traversed il, and t'ully six of hib toilsome, hopeful years were s])en1 in lahors there. ! !■! I 4 H t'l , oi» ' II 1 1 • ' Mt 1" * H' 1 .1. .( •••?«< ' ';|j ,;:! i I "» '■.M 'i. 'Ik CHAPTER IX. Whili'jicid Once More. 1744, AVliitoiiold came airiiin to America. He reached "i'ork, in- ^Nlaiiie, in i'eehlc health, and after one of his sermons lie sank away and lonulit himself dyin^. His wc^epitiir friends said: is ixonc." iMoody, pastor at York, cared for him -welcomed him " in the name of all the faithful listers of New England." The faculty of Harvard many cl(M"rsions occuri'cd ; ho sj)()ke on occasions of ])ul)lie intci'cst, tmd I'cuaiiied all his power uith the ])eoph'. They jiroposi'd to l)uild him. at Jioston, "the lariTcst ])lMce of worshi|) ever seen in America."' At I'hiladeli)hia lie was oH'crcd four hundred ])ounds salary and half the year for laI)ors abroad. In A'ii'ginia. his i)rint^, read without prayer (thci'c; was nolxx^y dared pray in pubru-), had jn'oduced <'onviction and awaU nini:' in sevoral tounis. He savs with I'ov : "ThctJospcl is nioviiii: southward; the harves- is })romising; the time of the singing ot birds is come!' 'Thousands and thousands arc ready tc hear the (Jospel, and scarce anyl)ody goes out 'hut myself. N'ow is the time foi stirring.' Struck with a l)urninr, he omitted one sei-mon ; "Jiut 1 hope yet to die ill the ])ul|)it or soon after I come out of it." 80 iie did. (I i *!■ ^ -I itct'i ■hi o lice. M lie Avrotc iVom Xortli CaroliiiM llinl, ore. witli a he V wca nul cra/y," lie was liunlini:' lor sinners in llicsc "uuii'o-i)' ii/.cd wilds.'' It Avas with llic people as if an anu'el ol" (iod were \isitini:' llieni. As a "(hinir man." 1. • went to the Ijernuida- '11 lei'e, as an inva- lid, he nreached t wice or more daily. One I'amy week he ])reaeh- ('(1 "l.iit tive times in jii'ivate houses." His motto \\ as. " I'^aint vet i)nrsuinir." and the crowds wc • 1 I •re "all'eeted as HI (lav t o\d ilt 1 lome .M'ter three months he sailed for Kniiland. ])ut, at his last sermon, the audii'nee wei)t aloud, the ncLiroes outside were sol)f)ini:-. and he Joined in the })revailinir sorrow. Ills friend Harris had Iteen lahorinjr in Wales with tin ener(l four or live times daily, and her journey was a }>i-ouress of the (iospel. At Treveeea, ^^rciit congrejration.s Avere had for seNcral days, and " were moved by the truth as a forest l»y the wind." She met ^^'hitetield at London. IMie «f 'i! r Mill ; .i'f!M llltl > I Ml ii'-i iir- Bit m ^' * 'J ■ / n 144 7/:e Story of Methodism. his hciul : just tis li(> was to throw, the Mord struck hhu. He huni1)ly souirht the preacher: "Sir, I came here to break your head, hut God has In-okeu my heart." lie turned and lived a true Christian. At London, Whiteriehl couhl not remain. He was too weak to liohl a })en ! Like tlie Baptist, he seemed hut a "Voice." He started for Portsmouth and "Wales, and in eight hundred miles sjjoke lo a hundred thousand hearers. At times, twenty thousand were present and weeping. "I think we had not one dry meeting." At Exeter, Bishoi) Lavington, the most hitter ot his opponents, ga/ed with his clergy on ten thousand people sway- iuir, troni1)lin«()uls." " IIow >li!ill we ti'cjit tli()>(' wlio IcMVc us?" " UcwMrc ot" Itittcnicss : talk with tliciii at least once or t wire : if they persist, consider tlieni as dead and name tlieni no more except in ])raver." Nolliinii" coidd l»e more liberal, yet A\'eslcv was liiiili-cliurch. lie lielicNcd in ordination tracealile to the .\po>tles: in a })riestly ministry as alone entitled to administer tile Sacraments, and in the utter distinctnoss of oilice in Uisjiop, Priest and Deacon. ( )n tlii'se matters his \iews wei'c afterwards changed. He steadily I)elieved that tlie Cluireh and the Dis- senters wouhl yet he so '•evived that his societies would melt In a lari:"<^' religious life of the nation, and he was willing' that all Ills labors l»e lost by bleiidinu" ^vith the general (.'liristianity to in- crease its warmth and ^ olume. At the third session, it was asked by the iireat AVelehman. Gwynne, " \\\\o shall compose a Conference?" "The preachers eonvoniently at han' consciousness of pardon." To this was added : " We mean, tirst. that i)ard()n (salvation l)eiiun) is received by faith, and ])roduces woi'ks : second, that holiness (salvation continued) is faiili woi'kiui" by love: third, tha! heaven (salvation tinishe(I) is the reward of this faith. Or. in the u"low'iii_i>" lines of (Jluirlcs, concerninii" the believer: '* Into hinisL'lt: he all receives Pardon and holiness and heaven.*" After these few doi'trines were detined. came the framinir of a ])ersonal force to woi'k the lisini:' system. \\v have seen how itinerants, local helpers, who were anchored at their homes, and leaders, came to be. They rose up as (rod's own means. They ♦ Opf'uions and Eroiioun'cs. 147 wore soon roducod to a system. "How sliall we test those who think they urc moved of the; Holy (ihost and esdh'd of God to preach?" To this earnest (|uestion was answered: First, "Have ihev the irraee of exiierienee? " Second, "Have thev ^dfts of nnih'rstanding and ntteranee?" Tiiird, "Have tliey fruits y Tile coneurrcncc of atHrmativc^ answers was taken as proof of the Avill and moving of tlie Holy (ihost, and so it is still taken in all the (h)main of .Methodism. Yet sueh were preachers oidy ; they were not ordained as deacons or priests. That seemed too " stately "" for the present : perhaps " Providence would open the way." "Kxhorters "' now arose. They must have a note from the ])reacher, renewed each year, iriviuii' them '"license"' to speak in the societies. The s\stem ot Helpers was now complete, and so simple, natural and etlicient, tliat it remains as it was sti'uck out at first. Taken as training in oratory, it could hardly he improved. The exhorti>r becomes a local preacher, then an itinerant, according as he is endowed and makes the most of his endowments. To stop at the lower otiiccs is no disirrace ; to reach the hiu'her, proves call iujj.' and ahilitv. Precisely as in military lii'e, in any life, merit must take its chance, if the system is to have the l)est of servants ; so Wesley tixed the })lain feature in his system that, in the diversity of gifts, there might be unity of working. The two j)oints of Justification and Sanctitication now came to he made clear. Their difficulties will always arise, for the appre- hension of them depends mainly upon actual experience. They who truly take the death of Christ as the atonement for their sins must l)e acce})ted, "Justified," l)efore the Most Worthy Judge Eternal. That they may A'«o?/" this acce|)tance, was the l)oculiar point of the Wesleyan i)reaching: that men, in that full, hearty, self surrender to Christ that proves "faith," and that asking, from which faith cannot he separated, may, by the cora- 10 ii; i if-r ^ i'ii ' tilt III (11; ! |t» 'If in («l It' ;J 148 The ^'^iii't/ of Method is))i. ; II f i' ing of tlio Holy (iliost to thei.' hearts, be cheered by iiii inward, unniistakabh' sens)' of ))ardon. This is assurfnire. Not every believer has it, but every believer vur// have it ; it is his right and })rivileijfe. AN'esley's opinion was that every true believer gains this l)efore leaving this world (unless he falls l)ack from his faith) ; he urged that Huch may have it at once, to shed upon his heart and way its light and gladness and joy. Entire 8anctilication was cautiously treated. It was to be surely held as a truth of Scripture and experience. It was not to be preached harshlv or l)()astinglv, but amiablv, that it might excite only hoi)e, joy and desire. Above all, it was not to be so put as to make peoi)le under-value ])ardon, '* which is in- expressibly great and glorious, though there are still greater gifts behind." The "divine riffht " of Bishops was rejected. "Till the middle of Elizabeth's reign, (say, 1570,) all Bishops and clergy joined in the services of those whom no Bishop (but only presl)yters) had ordained." Thus ideas of doctrine and usage slowly irrew, and thev have substantially remained. At the Conference of 1747, there were, besides regular clergy coJiperating, about sixty helpers engaged in spreading and establishing ]Methodisni in the land. For reasons already named — the ho})e of tinally blending with existing Churches — no societies were formed the next vear. The result was bad. The clergy of the Church neglected and al)used the converts that came to their care and connnunion. '' AVe have preached for more than a year without forming societies, and almost all the seed has fallen bv the wavside." Without "societies" the preacher could not collect the awakened a[)art for instruction, nor could believers watch over and help one another. Wesley felt deeply this awkward dependence of his people on clergymen who disdained him and his movement. i! ! !,- I Ojntn'oDs (Dill Ecouoinicx. 14!) The noxt year it was pi-oposcd to niako tlio London society the central one, to whicli all slionld report, whose stewards .should receive annual collections nnd with these aid the weaker soci(^tics. This i)lan pleased AVi'slcy, hut h il ' H ■ t 'i-m >il I* i; m li . 1 1 '1' ' i:.o y/tf; >Sf'>fi/ '//' Ml fliinl Isiii . sweet." Doddi'idiiC welcomed ||ie W'olevs to .\()rlli!ini|)1()M. aiul fejolcecl iis it" lie s:iw •' 'I'lio \o\\erio(l. lie went to Holyhead, seven days of joiu'ney, on foot, startinu' with three shilliniis and arrivinu' with a single penny, fed and lodged on the way in the humble homes of his brethren. In Ireland, he walked, nnable to afford a horse, to his prcach- ing-|»laces. Such a walk on a hot day I)roiight a fever and he sunk to his death. He went, "with a smile on his face,'' saying, "I lind the love of (Jod in Christ Jesus." "All his clothes linen and woolen, stockings, hat and wig arc not thttught sulVicient to answer his funeral e.\- ))enses (which were about nine dollars). All the money he had was Is. 4d. (thirty-two cents), enough for any unmarried preacher of the (lospel to leave to his executors." One is reminded of the Franciscans, both in the temper of the master and the lidelit}' of the follower. At a later visit to Ireland, Wesley found, at Court Mattress on the western coast, a conununity of (Jermans. They had under t^ueen Anne, come from the Rhine — a hundred and ten families — and in i I I*i'(Kjn'sti in Jnldiid. lo6 nixtv vciirs liad lu'coinc luimv. Tlioiiirli Protestants in tlicir did hoiiic, tlicv liad heroine sadlv (lenioi'ali/.i-d. \\'esle\ and liis d ott( \il tl )ers preached oilen anioni;" them, and to some jjnrpost I t( liel|) j)reaeliin^-lious(> I'ose in tlie heart ot" tlieir town; i)rolanity and druid, npriLdit and devout. "How will these poor loreiiiners I'ise up in the day »»l" judi:- ment against those that are ai'ound ahout them I "' wrote Wesley. Fromtln'se ^^'est Ireland ( iermans, as we shall see, came Philip Knd)nry and Barhara IleeU. who intronds in Ireland were the soldiers. At Limeriek sixty lliirhlanders joined the society, "and l»y theii' zeal, accord- iniT to their knowledge, stirred up many. " 'i'he presenc<' ol'tiiese men of war in uniform at the meetiuirs insured order, for they felt the spirit of their j)rofession, and the honor (»f reliirion was, in their eyes, well worth the drawinir of their swords. At Dublin, they kept order for AN'esley, as self-c(Uistituted })olice. and ii\ many places a fair number of them were " L'ood soldiers of ,Iesus Christ.'* One of these, Duncan \\'rii:ht, deserves notice. lie was a Scotchman, from childhood " hookish." readinir and wecpinir and wishiui:' to l>e a Christian, " l»ut not knowini:' how."' At eiiihteiMi. lie went into military life to ease his lu'art. At Cashel, in camp, a corporal preached to the troop>. and Method- ist soldiei's, at Linu'rick, Ivcpt his cdnscicnce uni'asy. lie then souiiht the conversation of Methodists for relief, and on a wake- ful, weepinu" niiilit , " the Lord hrouirht him in an instant out of ilarkness into His marvelous liijfht." He had a deep imj)ressi()n that he ouirht to preach to his conwades, and this was most traL''- ically continued. To ])ut a terror on desertion, order was iriv^'n to shoot a desert- I' «■; :f I i III 'tp lit 1 1 m ii in " u>l Hi < Ml •!*' '^4 1 "» I yy^r Sinri/ lit' Ml tiniil ism, t'l- III every city ot' Iichiinl. ( Jiic nl" lln' ••xMiiipIc-' \v:i-> in Wriulil's rci:iiiii'iil . II Vdiitli dl' lull iwciilv. iMiiitaii went l. \\m>i rc'idiiiL;' " I'lic NN'liolc hiity ot" M;iii." uilli IkiI. (Ic->|)!iii'iiit:' Ic'ir^-. " like ii 'Irow ii- iiiu' iiKiii cMtcliiiii:' Mt >lr;i\v>i." A'^mIii I)iiiic:im ciiiiic ;iI ex fiiiiii:'. pniyiiiL:' willi liiiii. Mini t'xliDrl in::' tli<' iii.iny soldicr-i prc>.('iil In liini l(» ( mmI. 'I'lic \ i^il^ Wert' coiil iiiiicd. mi id. lour days hclorc lii-i cXftMit ion. the poor Ind tolllid pcMct'. He w itiu'-.s(>d m i^dod coii- t'osion. WMlkrd to his (h'Mth wilh m \\u-v orscri'iiily mikI Joy whicii his I'clhtw sohlitMvs nolrd well, dropped on his Uiiccs lor ten niiiiiilcs ol' pniyci'. u'MN t' (ht'sij^iiMl lor his slioot iii<:. mihI " wciiI to pMrMdisc." hiiiH'Mii thfii Ix'LiMii jircMchim;'. At niu'ht . he hMd meet iiii^s Mf his (iiiMiMcrs. sMiii;', pVMytMl mikI rcMtl. mikI. ms his linht iisiiMliy then went out. he iiad to exhort. .Moviiii;' with his rcu'iincnl, he wms the lii'st pr«'M(h('r in (iMlwMy. :md in ihMl city he piincd coiixcrts, soni(> ot" whom were h)ni:" aTtcr " w foinl"()rt to inc. tliouiih sonio arc asleep in fh'sus." His coh)nt his discharii'c, and he ^\ as soon a 1 rax t'liii;^' preacher. IJiil the cohm«d was not rid ot" amioyancc. A reu'inicnial surizcon, t'or wit and waii'il't'ry . went to heai'a h)cal preaclicr. and " pceriiii:" at him ihroiiii'h liis tini:c'r>," was, like the Kinii" ot' old, pierced ihi'ouii'h the crevice ot" his armor. IK' l)tH'anie ))reaclier to the soldiers until he died t"r()m ])roressi()nal ('xjxtsure. DuiH'an <:a\i' to the ministry thirty active yeai's. Soldier as ho was, he could not ke(>p nj) with the tiridess Wesl(>y. ""^riiat iiave him too much exiTcisc ; he had to irive it uj)."' Thomas A\^ilsh was now, 17')8, "just alive."* '' ( > what a niiui to 1.C snatched away in the strcMiiith of his y(>ai's I" Walsh li worn himsi'lt' out. He was ot" I'eehle frame, yet h(» proiiclu'd a, ways twice, often thrice a day, hesides nuich visitinii" of the weak, the sick and the dviiii:-. He rose at foui' to studv. :ind w;is ;it his J'rnifrrss ill li'i'hnuL l.» lM»(tk-< until liitc ill tlif iiiiilit. II. • sjitw \\(»ni Mini wcmi-n . >.'1.1iiim miiiIiml:', lu'xcr hiiiulimt;'. I''(ir ^iicli rri'di-s ijicr (• l-i no l)!l I'doii priiN idi'ij. NmIiu'c sici'iily cmhi-; t lie pfiijill y. \\ iilsli iMilcil in IicmIiIi. ;iii(I ;iI 1 wciiI \ -ti\ c lixikcd liken iii.-iii ol' I'orlv. Wlicrc w ;is \\('^1('\ . whose e;ire ol" lii> own lieilllll w:is >o wise, wlio w;i> iVee Mini joyous in reliiMil i(Hi. !i:iil liiiiu'lit his preiii'liers smmIimi'V rules -o !i(lniir:ihlt' \\';il>ii siiciil I wo Ncnrs in W (•-lev own hoii>e. Mini WMs mIIo\\»'(| Io live on "nt this poor, dyiiit:' iMte." In truth he lookc*! on W'mIsIi wit Ii wonder mikI reverence, mikI so did ail. Tile yolllli:' pr«'M('ll(>r >eeined to he m SMilll eoiiie hMcU to llli'll o\ er the eteniMl portMl. He .-ippeMred to lie MJw.iys in pi'Myer. '"In >leep it>ell', to Iliy certMill kllowledL^c, iiis soul went out ill <:•l•o!r|■^ Mild sii^lis Mild tcMi's to(io(l. His hcMrt, liMviiii:' MttMiiied such M leiideiiey t(» its Loi'd. eoiild only L:i\ e ov<'r when il ecMsed to hcMt."' With iiistiniis ;ind sell'-deiiiMls. he >eeined .'ilisorlted in (lod, mikI, tidiii the splendor ol' his fiiee, Miid the |»eculiMrily of his gest- ures, he seemed iicMi' the WMN'inj:, oleiiiu mood, he i'or hours motionless as a statue, and in his puh- lic prayers " it was as thoujjili llie heavens wer<' hurst open, and (iod himselt' appeared in the couiireuat ion." ^\'e have noted that lie died ill anguish until the very last. His janiiled nerves seem- ed to hrino- his soul into ruins, and in the uloom he " sadly l»e- wailed the abscnoo of Him whose preseiic(! liad so often niven him victory." It was a I'eiiiark of Fletcher that weak Itclicvci's miii'ht die cheerfully, while stroiiir ones miiihl have severe con- "iets. Walsh thought otherwise, hut two years latci- he j)roved till truth of Flctclici"'s words. Still, his last words were: "He is >(»ine ! lie is come I My Ixdoved is mine audi am His — His forever!"' lie was twcnty-ei;ilit years old. and had served eiiiht years in the ministry. Thus Ireland uave its heroes to Method- ism. A'd Methodism had done much for Ireland. It had, hy ; I * i liilM ■'lit » U iiin If! I' "; • im III ti .♦ 'I iXli 115 : w f liil 150 The ^/on/ of MHhixdsin. i i 17(50, entered every county hut Kerry, and had .^oeieties in most of the lai'ge towns. Strange, its Avorst opponents were J'rotes- tants, who eouhl n(»t .see lliat the success of Methodism was the success of the most active and sahitarv movement known to Prot- estant Christ ianitv. I>lt. A.C'LAKKK'S MOM MI.NT, I'dUr IMSII, IKKUNt), Kl!l.< Till) lS.V.1. •. • ' 'P! ]' ^ ("IIAPTKi: XII. it: TJie ^ext Ten Years in Enqlaml, 17')<>-17fi(>. •ISITLNG Wales, in 17.")0, Wesley was glad to liiid all the ('luiixlu's walking in tlu": iVar of God and tlio tonit'ort of the IIolv (Jhost. Their nnnibers increased. " What can destroy the work of (Jod in these bnt zeal for and contending about opinions?" Yet there was need to briny: reliirion to bear on morals, ^'essels wreekod upon the coast of ^^'ales had fared hard, the people counting such things :is spei'ial favors of fortune. Another vice of the coast was snniggling, and he found that some of his people dealt in "uncustomed goods," and })(!rhaps did even worse. His action was ix'reinptoiy. " Tlu'V should see his face no moi'e unless the thing were entirely abandoned." He was glad to know that his peo))le ])ecame ex- euij)lary in their humane and just behavior. The next year he visited Scotland, lie had never been there, and "^Miitetield warned him not to go. Those stern Calvinists "would leave him nothing to do but dispute from morning to night." At jMussclborough, the people stood cold as statues, yet "the prejudice which the devil had been yc^irs in planting was plucked up in an liour." He was invited to slay, but lIoo|)er, a lay itinerant, took his place, and good was done in several towns. "God raised up witnesses that ITe liiid sent us to the Xorth Britons also."' ' t .1 ( , ■ 'Ifl I, \n ! • itk J Ilk lit III I!"" •Id' i m !■'■» I 'I I I I i 158 The Stoi'u of Method ii\'liw would have l)elieved, live and twenty years aiio, that the niinistei wonhl have desired it, or that I should have consented to i)reach in a Scotch kirk?" lie then ))rca(iicd mi the open air and had larne heariuii", even in a shower of rain, lie was pleased with their manners. They seemed respectt'id. I)ut thev were indill'erent. Thev would not even riot and persecute him. He said: "T\w\ kiioir evervthinij and fWl nothini:." ]Io could not see "why the hand of the Lord, who does nothin_y were as open and teachable as little children." In every })art of England. Methodism now grew rapidly, and Wesley, now a person of Xationsd imj)ortance, was viewed \\'\X\\ something of Xational reverence. Preaching at Birmingham, where the chajx'! liad to l)e exchanged for the street on account Tlie Xcxt Ten Yearn in. Enqhiml. 150 f;f the iminltors, he s:iys : "IIow lias tlu' scoiu' clianixcd lien*! The last time I iJi-ciiclicd at Uinniiiiihaiii the stoiu's th'w on every side; it" any disturbaui-e were now made, the disturlu-r would be in more danirer than the preaeher." Like ehanire was noled at A\'akelield and elsewhere, and his Journal is a record of ui'atitudc and praise. At Hull, he had a "reminiseenee."" It was his lirst visit, and the wharf was full of laui:iiin_i»", stariiiii" erowds, askinji, "AVhieh is he?" An immense nudtitude irathered in th(> lields to hoar him, and thousands heard him seriously. ".Many behaved as if possessed by Moloeh." Stones tlew while he ])reaehed, and after- wards the mob threw missiles into his eoach windows. ]Iis house of entertainment "svas assailed till midnight, and its Avindows broken to tlu; third story. The old, olil styles of entrance ! Methodism soon flourished in Hull, and at \\'esley"s next visit the best of theeitv w rms^'r mwm \ } ' IGO TV/e Stor>/ of Mef/io(?).vn. A West Tndiii plaiitor, at "Wanlsworth, "a dosolato jilace," ojx'iK'd loi' liiiii a dooi" to prcai-li. Sonic o!" his iu'en(!ration since Weslej' had heally received, wer«' conditions of membership. Weslev was on the best of terms with the The Xext Ten Yoars. in Ennhnnl. ir,i evangelical Calviiiists in his dav. Tliev took dcilij^ht in his work and their Cluireiies t'clt the jjower of the groat n'vival. There were others ot' low di'iri-ce, "eavilinir, eontentious, proselytinir." who vexed iiis soul and his jM'ople and whoso con- duet Charles felt more deeply than hiniselt". Heroes were still noedcd and they stdl were found. Thomas Lee was tit to rank with John Nelson. lie was no vulsiar hoy. At tifteen, apprenticed to the worsted trach', he was fond of books and si)eciallv of the liibh; and alrc^adv loved ])rayer and souirht spiritual exj)erieiu'es. Ilearinji' th«^ Methodist preachers, "My heart was so unite'd with tliem that I dro|)ped at once all my former companions and, blessed be God I I hav«» not from that hour had one desire to iro back." His ai)proach to the liirht was slow and painful. He suspected himself of hypocrisy while he omitted no duty of reliuion, (>ven conduct- ino- family i)rayer in the house of his master and of s<>veral others. At lenirth, God broke in upon his soul. He bepin to work half the tnne and j)reach the other half. At Patelev Rridire, the parish cleriryman roused a mob to initiat<> him, a. id he proved a hero. '' We have done enough to make an end of him." thev cried. He reeled ; his head was broken with a stom^ hut he says : " It was a glorious time, and several date their con- version from that day'" T'>e connnon j)reachers still sutlered severely where the leading preachei's were unharmed. At Patelev. Lee was met bv a mob whose leader was kept in con- stant i)ay for this ])iu'p()se. They hit him with twenty stont^s, ilragired him down some steps, to the lasting hurt of his back, rolled him in the sewer and then thi'cw him into the river. His wife coming to his help as he lay on the ground unable to rise, I hey struck heron the mouth till it bled. So they farcMl for a year, and the Dean of Hi{)on refused protection. \vX one of tln'se "seemed to us a little heaven." " Is not the assuranc(! of the divine mm I'lji 4 K if" t ilk ! > •••'III ■;i T]((i tSftn'i/ of Mcthoflisnt. tnvor cointoi'l ciiouirh lor all this?" Year after year Lee and liis noble w ifc sccnicd io lie in tli(^ front of the 1)altl(', And whcnall was over, and in ITM! liis Maiy, that (h'votcd wife, st()(»d hy his Ix'd- >id(', lie ihoiiii'hl : " If at this monicnt I saw all the suH'ci-iniis I have had for His name's sake. I would say : Lord, if Thou Avilt ifivc me sti'cnL'th, 1 will lu'iiiu ai;iiin, and Thou shall add to them lions' dens, and ticry fui'nat'cs. and hy Thy uracc I will li'o throuLdi thoni all."' And so thouiiht Mai-v Lee. Chi'isliai! Hopper was such a man. ITc often ])rcach('d Avith a patch on his head, wounded for liis Master's sake, and he thouirhf it an honoi'ablc badue. lie was the tirst lay j)reachei- to iio into Scotland. About this time Charles "Weslev nave up itineratinu'. The restless activity of John made nuich travel by ( harles umu'cessary. and flohn's was the ruliuii' mind. Not that ( 'hai'les ceased to labor. He took chai'«:'»' of the cha])els in Lon(h»n and Bristol. At live on Sunday lie administered the Comnumion. He jireached constantly, the places in the twot-itics Ix-ini:' many. He also went over the country after AVheatk'v's expulsion, and. iratlu'rinu" small conferenci's of the preachers, he at once examined, tauj^ht and admonished them as to their moral and ministerial I)ehavior. A new man now appears. In jNlarch, 17.")7, Wesley, weak and weary, was prayinu' for help of his own irrade, when fTolm Fletch- er came, ji hel))er in every respect meet for AN'esley's needs. "AN'here could 1 have t'ouiul such another?'' He wa: born of a noble family at }syon. in Switzt'rland. His kindred are still found on the north shore of Lake Geneva. Beiui; of reliijious turn, lu; was intended for the ("hurch. but the Calvinism of Switzerland was not to his mind, and he chose a military life. He took a captain's connnission in the army of Portu^^'al, but, failing to saii tj Brazil, he heard ))reaching in London He was ( onviiij- mil r RF.V. lOlIN II r KHI K, fl^ . I" • Ml" I ;f ;!i!iiH •••III •I' Hi ir.4 The Sttn-i/ of Mr//)itdtsj/i. y ' cd that was uiirciroiKM'atc, and was aiiia/cd. He had Ixmmi count- ed religions, had studied di\iiiity, tiud for ]iis writiiiiis ou it liad taken iVoui a university tiie " -preniiuiu of j)iety."' yet " Unew not riiK'ii'li'i!il'ii''iiC''ii"iri''iiOir'^'{!,''' 1'#l-l lil, ,,. i' '1; what faitli is I '" Alter (MMivei'sion, he todk orders in the Kniilish Church, and Itecanic Wesley's chief ch-rical lielpor. ]le liecanie vicar of ^ladeK'v, Itut he was all his lile Weslcv's adviser and \ The Xtxt I'rii Ytiirs in Enqhinii, 165 cniiipiiiiion, lli(! Icadiiii:' (Ict'ciidcr ol'his thcoloiry and ])r:ictii'o, nnd ;ili(iv(> idl llic iiiMM most skillful to Icll, ill works still read with (Idiuiit, the spiritual ('.\|K'i'i(Mi('('s that iravc Mctliddisiii its lit'i' and |Mi\v(>r, aiul with wliich his own soul was richly laiiiiliar. It has hccii noted that ^V('sh'y now niarricil. His witV. Mrs. VazcilU', was liii;hly rccoinnuMidcd l»y those who had in that way (Idiic Charles nood service. He was now of middle a^L'*'. iind his licart felt the natural loni:in()iiii»- with him and restless at honu'. until a mania of jealousy seized her, and, after annoyinir him in every manner, she left hiui. In all this lils Avorst foes found in him nothiiiii* to rei)r()5ic]i. For oncci AVesley was sick like other men. lie had every ap- pearance of a rapid consumption, and an entire I'cst from hibor and can^ Avas oi'dered. Alarm sjjread among all his ])eople, and prayers were; everywhere^ sent up for his recovery ; for how cotthJ he l»e spared? Oiu^ day, when lu^ knew his death was hourly ex- l)oeted, his free and lively mind threw^ otf, to iret ahead of ''vile panciiyric,'' this epitaph : ''Here lieth the l)ody of John AVesloy, a ])rand i)luck<'d from the burniiiii", who died of a consum})ti()n in the tifty-tirst year of his age ; not leaving, after his debts are ))aid, ten pounds behind Iiiin. Praying God be merciful to me, an unpr()tital)le sinner." lie ordered that this, if any inscription, should be ])laced on his tombstone. Ilervey, his old Oxford friend, a jjious and faithful clergy- iiiaii. and deeply- attached to AV-sley, had been induci'd to attack Wesley's theology, writing " Kleven Letters" '' in tin; interest of truth." At his death he directed these to be buriuid, Ili.s Itrothei-, seeing money in the matter, put the manuscript in the Ik I "1:1 1^ 1 1 i •'■I! ii.iiit 1 1 ill fl^ : t III ,1 Mi, If •ittit 1li 'HI ^n !■ ii t ll \ . 1l ■ ' 1 1 U' I'h lA 1 M A W^ -^^ ■«" 166 T/te Sloi'i/ of Mitlinilisiii. hands of a rcnciriidc, Ciidwdi'tli, who rix<'(l thciii lo his niiiid and |)iil)li>ht'(l them. They wcic shiimclul. and, licai'ihi:" ihc name of IIci'Ncy. who falh'd W'olcy "iViciid and lather," did niix-hicf, (•s}M'cially in Sc(»lland. Wcsh-y was «ji-i('V{'(l at this his first as- sault IVoin "a man. a In'otlM'i'." with wlioin he liad taUfii >W('ct (•ounx'l. hnt he and his work outlived many such. lie was still hopini.'- that \rethodisni wonld llnd laxoi- and sup- port with the ('hufeli. \\"\\\\ this in \ iew . he wrote an "Appeal to the ( 'lei"i;v." In his mind the Chureh was a spacious mansion, ample lor the home ol' all believers in Kni:land, and there he lonii- ed to see his societies ;it rest. Jl(! tl'ied to sh(»w his I'elloW clerirymen the lofty nature of their callini:'. and their opportunity to enlary i:atherini:' 1o it the i-ising Zealand force of the people. Only they must comeback to tlio apostolic standard of simplicity, saci'ilice and sj)irituality. .Vn evangelical cleriiy would render his own sja-cial work needless; his helpers coidd help the ("hurch, and his societies fill its ediuce.; with devout and earnest worshipers. J lis a|)i)eal Avas not lost, but his own eyes were not to see his (h'sire. He was ama/c'd at what he had now seen in twenlv-ono y^ars. The breadth, the clearness and the contiimanco were Avitliout parallel in any known reformation. Two or three obscun; (•IcrirynuMi, aided by a few youuir, untrained men, and opposed by nearlv all the clei'iiV and laitv of the land, liooted aiul abused by the mole , had awakened the mIioIc Xation. A\'ell miuht he .say : " ^^'llat hath 'lod wrouiji'ht?" ()ther men of tlie('hurch now came to Wesley's he!]). .loliii l>errid_i:e was vicai- of Mxci'ton. pi'eachini:' for years (he say) without personal religion. In ]7."»S, he solicited ^^'esley to comic to him, and a new life had already l)ei:un. J I is ])reachinir was with demonstrations l)eyond even these days of power. The Kev. Mr. Ilicks, his neitihbor, shared tlie wctrk. Midtitudes came 'I'im Srxf 'I'l'ii )'i'tii's ill h'lii/Imii/. ICT led in •■) :iu' ith Ir. MIC tVniii lli(> i'('«ri(ni miles around, and llic clmi'cli at I'lvcrlo" wn?» I I'owdcd lo lis la>t capacity. These ci'owds ^M'oancd, sol>l)c(l ;ind uasped under the pl'eachiui:', and scores t(dl iiclph'ss to the lloor. In the shiniiii:' taces of tiic heiievers " was such a Ix-auty, -IK li a hioU of happiness, hivc and simplicity, as I ncvci" saw in human faces till now." lie hcL^an to itinerate, and often. I'idini:' a hundi'cd miles. uav<' a dozen sermons in a week. At Stalloid, he had formerly liecn cufate in the days when he "knew nothiui^ dl' rclii:ion." lie nave there to a host of hcarci's " a (lospel -.crmon." such as he mourned not to have u'ivt'U helore. "The (liief ca))lain of Satan's forces." a man ready to horsewhip any Methodist, fell with the symptoms that he had ridiculed. IIi' clapped his hands luid roared, and his distorted face, hciu-ath coal-hlack wii:' and hair, made his llii'ure horriltle. His iViends tried toe'ct him away. lie fcdl on his back, ])rayini:" and cryinir. ■() my burden! my Imi'den I" and his fellows saw liiat their champion was broken. After hours of aiiony he iound I'clief t"or soul and body. After four thousand had been awakened after this fashion, the excitemont vanished and the fruit of I'iuhteous- ness was peace. After twenty years of t'aithfidness. in which his le.ii-ninu', labor and wealth were fr<'ely ,iii\('ii to the Method- ists, especially the ( 'alvinistic. he was borne to his urave by a lari^e company of clerirynien. amid the leais of thousands. AVilliam liomaiiH' had won. by his abilities. j)laceand distinction ill the Church, and pro\t'd himself true to refoi'iii within its pale. Ilis church in ^^'est Dunstan, where he h.id his share ot'trouble. was too small tbi* his conu'reiiation. lie took to the open air and. becomini:" one of Lady Iluntiniidoirs chaplains, traveled and iireaclied incessantly. lie was Calviuist ic. and his writinirs went far tj liive peiMuanent form to the best reliu- ions views and experieiu'es of the times. Martin Madaii was a brilliant, aristocratic vouiii:- lawyer in i' i III I'l :■!!: ii i '{111 ^ ii!;; ii i\ •if llic xTIMoll As lie (•nt('r(Ml llic I'ooin. tlic \v\\ \\!i> iiflci-fd, with niitiiK-rN " I'i'cjmrc to iiiccl tliy (Jodl" He wasstnicU: lie listened; lie (•li!inijf<'(| liis )uiri>osr ;iiid liis life. "Did von tiikc tlic old MctliodisI oil"?" asked liis yf\i\ coniradcs jit tlic coircc-liousc. N (), ircnllcnicii. iMil In' has laKcii nic o IIV" II IS inotiici- was tVitMid of Ladv Ilnntinii'doii : the y(»nni:' convci't found in licr ctinirs conilort and ^iiiidancc, and soon his IcaniiiiLi'. talents and fort nnc wci'i' III veil to the Mctliodistic woi'U. His lii'ctfhcr, a Hislio|), oi'daincd liiin, and his lii'st sermon at Allhallows, to crowds caiTcr to hear "a lawyer turned preaelier," proved liini iv ])id|iit oi'ator. His nolile heai'inir' :iMd liii^li jx'rsonal aeeoniplislnnents. his /eal and learning:', made him dear to all Ills brethren. He chose the ("alvinistie hrotlu'rhood. hut hoth in his conversion and his latci' behavior he was a true son of Wesl ev Heni-y ^'enn. cui'ate of Clapham and afterwards i-ector of nuddci'stield. canu" into the work of ^^'hiteHeld and the \\'esleys, and, though he remained true to the Church, he induli!('d in such " irrcunlarities " as preachinu" ei^ht or ten sermons a we(d\. besides his reirular sei'vices, in barns, private houses or the open air. For thii'ty years he laboi-ed, and thirtoen of his converts Ix'canie preachers of the (Jospel. Thus W'eslev iiatheivd ai'ound him men of ircnius and nietv. who shared his labors, called him father and loNcd him with unfalteriiiir tenderness. No better pi-oof of his own character can be jiiven than this irroup of his friends allbrds. He outlived tliese already named, but others rose in tlieii- i)laces and his last years were briiihtened by a system of such luminaries, moving about him in love and harmonv. i ( iiArn:i{ xiii. ( 'dlriii tsllf Mhlli \\«' >('(', nid-t dl" flic men l;itrly li!illi('(| were nt" ( '.il- \ iiiisiicN i«'\v>. 'I'licir^TfMt |»i'(';irlicr \\;i- NN'liiti'l'u'ld : llicir ccMtrnl mikI i-iiliiiir iKTsoiiMM-,. \v!is \.\\k\\ Ilmit- iiii^doii. 'I'lif piTiiclicr was till iiliuii(l:iiit ill lalxtrs. {;mi:iiii:-." a.> he <-!illc(l it. Ir(»m Lniiddii. over Lrromid ^^^ now hrokcii li\ liiiiiil»l<'i' iMcii, 1,,^' lie. in los llum tliicc iiioiillis (»t 17.')(i. ]»rf!itli»'(l ill l^iinlaiid inJ^:i liiiiidicd scniKtiis t(i a hmidicd and lit'ty thousand licarci's. In NN'alcs, Scotland an III ii;! fi :}■■ 1 I 'ffflfl 170 'J'lif Sloi'i/ of' ^It'f/nnl isiii , M while it was hiiildiii!.''. li<' lu'caclicd in one (»t' \\'<'>l('y's chapels. Ill \\'csl('\'s sickness the iircal-soulcd iji^'achcr urclc: "It" vou u ill Ik" ill liic land of the lixiiii:', 1 hope to pav my last rcsjx'cts to _. ou next wccU. If ii(,1 , tarcwcll I My heart istoohiizl Tears \\''. isle down too tast ; and I fear you are too weaU for me to eii- lar/iT''- I iiiii your most aileetionate. -on in the (lospel." \\'hat teiKh-r love hetween men whose opinion.- on many thini^s were diHereiil I He then made "his most siieeesst'ul cainpaii'.n in lOntiland. traveliiiii' in three Months tw(dve hundred mih's and preaehini!- a hundred and eiiihty times to hearers hy the hundred thousands." Ai:ain lu' was in Aineriea. In his ()rphan House he found a hundred and >i\ of lilack and white. In a tour of two thousand miles to liostoii and hack his career was of unfailing' power. At Hosloii. tliou>anliowed well the nature ot" their calliiii!", Imt Tottenham chapel i> a monument of \\'hiteliel(rs and the (lospeTs victory. At Duhlin, after a sermon on a i:reen, he came near receiviiiir his "parliiiu" Mow from Satan." He had to go through half a mile of furious Papists. His com|)anioiis tied: he was liit with many siono : he h;^ped. lik«' Stephen, "to he dispatched and li'O oil' in tlii< hloody triumph" to the presence of his Lord. He at IcMigth reached a hou>e where his wounds were washed, and after many other )»eriis he joined at the i)reaching-h()U.se in a hymn of prai>e to lliiu who controls the madness of the people. Ixeturiiiiig to London, he lor a while hlciids with his hrethren, for hi- health was poor and they I'cdicved him in his services. In ITtil came )ii< only absolute inter\al from preaching. It was but a few weeks, and then liirough extreme weakness he preached M L'ah.'in isft<; Jlt'f/ioiJtsnt . 171 Imt once u day! II«' wciu tor tli«' sixth liiiic to Amcricii, and -till in his t'uliH'ss ot" )t(»\v«'r. Ffoiii li(i>t()ii to Savannah the i-rv \va> : " Foi- ( 'hrist's sake stay and piTach to u> ! "* lu Ihiiiland auain, h(> I'clt hi'oUcn with thirty ycai's ot'snch lahor. " ( ) to «'iid lil'c Avcll ! " \\ as now his thoniiht. For the next I'oui vt-ars. he " ranu'('iiok(' to thonsands iVoni liis " licld-thronr." with " 1 i^ht and lil'c llyiiii:' in all directions." lie Avas tli't't'dy ot' tiinr. as il'awai'c that he had litth- rcniaininii' ; lie was exact even to his meals ; he was nei'\<»us Mini even iirita- lilc. Ot'this he was aware and said with tcai> : " I shall li\'e to he a jx'i'vish old man and eveiyhody w ill he fire ))lain in Ids diet, hut Avished e."' \l\> marriaiic^ was not happy and his only child died het'ore u-« t'atln'i\ At the ilay ot' its death, he preached twice amid his tear>. and o;ct' on the day of its hurial. So stranii'ely was everythinu' hent to his life's one woi'k and callinu' ! In tins last stay in l-Jiiiland. his work wa> as valnalile a> ever. Jle conse to \\ (• ( 'on- tereiices and ^^'esley received him a- a hroiher. endeared hy like labors and sntl'erinu's. It w as " a conifortalile and prolitaMe houi''' spent together in calling' to mind the foi'iner lime>. how ihey had heen enliu'hlcned and what (io(l |\;id doue i»v them. ^^ hitetiidd was now. ITi!!'. siidviuL: lo iii> i-e>t , "An old. old man, fairly worn out in his MM^ter".> >er\ ice !" \v\ he wa- t«'U years younger than \V'e>ley, who so >peaks. This vuar, he w i-ote \\'e>le\ a teuder t'ai'cwcll ;ind let't the '1 II!!'*' '!':!6 '1 Mi, I' r' 41.)" if-r ■h II (tai^^ H 172 77f'' Shin/ iif Mtflinil (Sill. •\S\ Kii<_''l!iii(l of liis love and laliors torcvci-. A"^ ( icorLHa, tlio " lU'llicsda" oil wliicli lie had lal)()r(Ml tliii'ty-t\v(» vcars was |)ro>|)('i"oiis, and tlic (•ol,)n_v I'ccoiriii/cd liiiii as a hcnctactoi'. " I am lia|)i)i<'r llian words can cxju'css I " >aid lie ovi-i" it. Soon al'tcr liis dcatli it was dcsti'oycd l»y lire and 1o-da_v the tiavclt-r Huds no trace of it, l»nt many a benevolence lias taken its place in the fair citv of Savannah. His si)ii'ited V(»ice s(»ai'ed thron^h all this consummative year. " Ilallehijah "" was in his letters. **.My soul is on the winir for another (ios|»el raniic I" Kaniic he did. At the north, as far as to Alhany and the then western frontier, he preached almost daily. lie yearned over the possiltilities "of this new world." liis last wi'itten words were on the tour U|) the Hudson : "( Jrace ! (i race ;■■ At \\ xet er, N. II.. he s))oUe in tho o|)en ail' to a vast u'ath- erini2", and, ca r r ied l»e- yoiid his own control, for two hours. It was the !a«-t utterance from the '' ticld-throne " where for avihtkiiki.d's iim-sE, GViLroun, conv. lhirt\-four yars he, like a sovereign, had ruhwl the miiihly people as no oratcu' Iiefore or since had ">wayed at will the tieri ■ democratic.' The next day lie was to }»reacli at N«'wliurvport, .Mas>. Kearli- iuir the place that evening;', h<' was at >upper. when crowds at the «loor W(»uld hear a few word>. lie was exliauste(l and took a can- dle to ret ire. ()nthe stair>, he faltered and tuimed t(» addre>s them. His \(»ice \\a- clear, and tlii^. lis l.i-t exhortation, like v^»'^ ii I (JllJ^'il) isf'ic Mll/lltll istii . po (.) Cliarlos Wr>l«'v"s last livniii, wa^ t'uU n{' swi-ct. .-ad inusit TT. V s))()kc lill liis raiidlc. like lil> life. l»iirin'(l away in il> -ofkcl. lie L''<)t to Ills room •'And when the sun in all his state ] Hunted the <'astern skies, lie passed throu^rh ( ilorv's morning gate, And walked in Paradise." lit' awoke at two Willi nsllinia. "\ liad rallicr wear out than ru-t out," said lie to liis companion who spoke of h'ss ])iTarhini;. lie >at and j)ray('d loi- a blessing on his ju-eat-hini:'. his Uethesda, his Tahernaele, his " eonm*c1ions th(M)lher side oI"i1m' water." .Vt the window, ])anting for ])realh, he said, quiet ly : "1 am dyinL^"' and at si.\ he breathed no more. In all the ('oloni<'s there was a l;urst of )»ublie sorrow, and in (Jeorji'ia all the mourniiiiT t'loth was used at his funeral. In l^ondon, all the ehajx. Is were di'ape*!, and Wesley, to whom lie left a inourninii" rinir w ith a re(|uest that h«' j)reaeh the t'lineial ermon. delivered it re|)eatedl_\ 1 it In every place I w i>h to -h ow all possil)le respect to the nienioi'y ot' that i:reat and eood man." Charles ])oured his enuitions into a toiu-hini!' ;in(l Ix-autit'ul elcny. The remains ol' the irreat pi'eachcr lie beneath the ])ul|)it at Xewbui'v))oi't, and many iVom fai- and near visit the ancient church to revere his memory, 'riiey should be hi Knu'lish .-oil, and his face should at AN'estminster '• Look down on marbles covering marble dust." He had preached eiuhteon thousand sermons. His hearers can- not l»e reckoned, but no speaker in all recoi'ds evei' addressed so many of his fellow men. or allectetl them so deeply. Around Ladv Hunt iuL^don, meanwhile, aro-e a larire circle of lab • rers. In 17f(L>, sli e. w ith some ot" her lie-t men. attended ('(•nterence at Leeds, and there moel tonethcr. She went to many places with ■■:l ,l,i»|ri It M |i I* HI •'; II' 'li 111 >l Ml !*1 ■W '" :'; ■ ' 1 .'(l I ) ill lilt Mil aiK CI I W .\( ( 'ill rill isf I'r Mi'f/ioiltsiii . 17:> hor cliMpliiins. mid \\:is ;U tlicir |>r<':icliiiiii' In nid mikI coiiitni't lliciii. liiit slic never (Icscciwli'd tVoin llic drconiiii ul" a woliiaii Miid llic di,i:Mi(y ul' a l*c('r('» o!" ilic l{«'alni. Slic was " A Mol)lo vomun. wisely pluniu'd To ('(Mnfort, counsel, iiiid coninmnd.'' Slic liad no call lo jjarlakc in j)iil»lir exercises. Tiitorestinir men Mi'(»e ani<)M<:" lier lay ])i'eacliei'>. .l(»naJliaM Scotl. of an lionoialtle family, was captain <»!' pi-><' meie ;ininial I»ra\ei'y. \ iai'mer, nnder \\li(»e root' lie retreatecl iVoin a slorm wlicn linnlinu", called liis afleiilion 1o ]»()maine's j»reaeliini:" in a neii:lil>oriiiii" liall. The next Sniiday llie cajilain al(end<'d, any. Fletcher called him "a iire he shames me.'' AN'hitetield had ilie captain at London, "to try wliat execntioii he can do here."' At tin- TalK'niacle his voice failed, and he Itnrst into tears liet'ore the immense audience, yet, rallyinii', he iiave an impressive sermon. Jle LiaNe up the army, sold his commission, and liecame a preacher. Fori went v years lie served in his sacred cilliiiu'. There came also to the ('ountess "a >liark I'rom the ocean." Torial .loss, a Scotch lad, was early a sailor, with many an adventure. \\'interini:" on the coa-1 ot" Yorkshire, he joined the .Metho
  • t^, lici^an to exhort. aiilev. .\s sailoi'. he wa-; an e\ ani^cli^t hotli afloat and a>liore. At r»o>1on. l"'-ni;land, Iv prcadieil hi^ tir-t rei^nlar sei'moii and it lip ami was was deeply inipres>i\e. lie ioiil\ cniiimaiH 11. <1 (.f a si ff ■cl ^ I If! ' m .;..! f •Kilt; 11 M m ■■1 I 111 '■\ \\r^ ri 17(i The ^'Stovi/ of M(ff/mh'.sm, ii( onco captain and cliaplain. lli.> vrsx-l was a church on the waves, and his men could j>ray and exhort. Disiolcrs were nieeliiii:' him on the sea. l»ul hi> >hip wa> liald- iuiithe . where his shi[) lav, to ])reacli in the Tahernach'. At"ter sexcial sei'inons, AN'liiteliehl ui'ii'ed him to leav(^ th(^ seas and enter tlie niini>try. Joss liesitated. Tlien t and i)atron of Daitinouth Colleire, X. IL Of him ( 'owper said : " We boast soine rich ones whom the (iospel sways, And one who wears n (-oronct and prays." The Lail had irathere(l an inunense assend)ly. yet the rector refused to open the church for A\'hitetield to ))reach. From a tond)ston(^ he cried, " H(! I cNcry one that thirsteth I" The Karl and his family, the Countess and other irenti'v, stood to hear, and the siiiht of such jjcople thus shut from tlu^ chui'ch of their kiuir anil ancestors, while thousands with them hungered tor the Bread of Ld'e. was indeed impri'ssive. Loi'd Dartmouth's mansion shel- tered the evani!('li>ts. and at eveninir all his rooms and urounds wei'c thronged with eager listeiu'rs. At this time al)out forty clergxnn'u of the Church wei'e "e\an- jjelical." AVeslev tried in vain t(» form some liasi> on which ai\ C'dh.'iil isfi'r Mrflnul Isiii , 171 could I'csl, and >()nic |ilaii l>v uliicli :tll coiiM liann()iiily woiU. At Iciiv'tli. Iiiuix'll", hi- liiollirr. Ladv I Iiiiiliiii:|i'u«'!i\»' hraiii : and llii> llic ( '«iiiMlf>s prrcciN nl. and of llial Iti'ain >\w iVi'cIy made u>»'. Slic saw the iiccij of an fdnca- li(»nal inslitiitioii. Tin' sludcnls Inrllic Mclli()di>l work had Mnall I'lvor at ()xford. Six sludi'iils of ( )xt'ord wn-c I»imui:1i1 lo li-ial " foi' lioldiniT .M('tlio
  • lii' Icncls, and laUinir upon llicnisch cs to pray, read and expound llir S( riplui'cs in pi'ixalc houses." Tliry were aMy dcfciKU'd l»y llie principal of tlicir own college — St. Kdinunds — I>ul tlicy were expelled — an indii:nify like tlial pu* upon Wiclif four luiudred years hefore. The case was stirred throuuh all Kniiland. and the Miice of the l)e->t denouncecl it. AVcslcy's inai'riaii'e had emled his Fellowship. l>ut W'hitelield v.role I'orcildy to the \'ice-chancell()r. Lady llunliniidon had supported these youni;' men. She was now accused oj' st'ducinu" them froiu tlieir trades that they miuht at her «'xpeuse " >kidk into ordei's." She might now with uood reason open her school at Ti'cvecca. Jn Auiiiist. ITt'ili. the fu'st anni\ei-ary <»l" thi> xhool was cele- liratcd. All the i:i-eat evanL;cli>ts were ihei-e, and lor a week .".ci'Uions and other reliiiious exercises wcrehatl. with i;ieat allend- uiicc, in Ihe castle yard. The morniuLi' ol" the anni\ cr^iai-y wa> L'iven to ihe Holy ('onmumion. .Vfter a >ermon l»y i'le'cher came ()n<' in AVelsh, after which all were fed iVom the liounty of the toriiidrcss. in the afternoon, \\'esley ^jave a sei'Uion. and as did auain I'Metcher. The day ended with a lovc-l'ea^l, at which Knulish and AN'elsh were with e(|ual lVee(lom used to set t'orth the \V()ii(h'rful works of ( iod. It was a d:'y of true e\ au^tdical harmony ami the Itlessnii:" on it \\a> like the dew that t'cll upon the Ulouill* niiis of Ziou. The time of <(»ulrovel-^\ wa- Vet to come. ( 'ome il mu^t. foi III iMl I' I n ! P m ! !»♦ r MV!J III il "•'III iiU- ' V :t ■ :i;ti II 1 : ,Ii;llN WI.SLLV I'lIl-ALlllNi. l.\ A I'ltlVATK UOI Si; (Jiili'liiisfif Ml lltml /■• " this is the -intc ol" 111:111 " ; luit tlicrt' could iidl lie n licttcf pfcpu- I'Ml i('Clir(' it> liriM'tiK ;ili(l ;i V oid \\- cs iU, lli:m -Ufil :i (l.'iy ;i> ll:i'> :iiiiii\ cr^iiry mI Ti'fx cccm. 'I'jici'c nic yd xniH- iiicii lo In- iioicil. NN'.'illci" Shirley \v:i> \\y<\ (•(iiisin to Ii!i<>ii ol" 'In- l^iirl dl" ["'citcis :iii(l con- iicttt'd with r(iy:il linciiiic His visits lo the ('(Hiiili'^s lirnm^ht liim into the coiiiptmy of her cliMpliiins, and lo \'cnn In iitt rilmtcd liis convci'sion. He \v;is idi-cndy :i chM'uyiniin and he now cnlci'cd llic toils of Methodism. The reii'nliU' cleruy. In spile oTIiis hiiih rank, at once shut him iVom their pulpits, and lie >Iiare(l the same I'epi'oMch as his humhier Iti'ethren. I lis curate, 1 )e ( 'ourcy , I'ollow- cd his examph^ and lasted his cup. I''..\p(dled from St. Andrews, Did.l m, he preai •lM«d 1 Vom a tombstone, and, refused oi'( iinat loti hy the l)i>hop, he heeame an ellective Alethodist. At London, Whitelicdd showed him a deep scar on his head, worn from llifit dar on Duhlin irrocn. "I izot this, sir, in your country, fer preaching' ("hi-ist." Shirley's brother had kille(l his sei'vant for show mi:" kindness to Ihe wife, whom Parliament had divorcecl from the wretched Karl, iier husband. For this ad the Kail was tried l)y the House of Lords and sentenced to l>e execulccl. Shirley, liady Iluntinu'don and others tried in vain t(» prejtai'c the criminal for his tale, lie died p of Tuam, to whom r>i>liop. archdeacon rtiid I'urates were ever ruuninii' with eharifes of heresy. "() your ;:i'ace," came sayini:" <»ue day the cuiateoi" Louu'hrea. " \ have such a circiunstance to connmmicate to Mm as will astoni>h nou !" Indeed, and what can it li W IN'. m\' Ltd'd. ai( 1 th curate, solenndy, "he wears white stockiui:.- 12 \'erv anticlerical itiillf 411' ita Hlfil l(» l( iiul M t fl • I it if li ;' f * I ^i'l .so The Sfuri/ tit' Mf'f/foi/isi4. and vory di-radl'iil iiulrrd I" Tlic prtlatr -poUca- if Sliiilcy wet-*? now "nc." Pi-awini:" liis clinii' m-ar flic (•(•nlidcnl inlnnnri-; Do LM'n<-(' M r. Sliiili'\- wear llii-ni .i\rr lu- ll' N (». voni \va> lln' an->\vt'r in siir] »n>t' Wrll. t tiiiii yon sec liiin w illi lii> >to«'Uini:s over liis Imio1>. pray inloiMii nir and I shall deal uilli liiin accordinvl.\ more sncli prelates I ^\'ell. liad there heeii Shirley nwnle I'nll pi'oot'of'his inini>try. and Ills nohle cousin s;iid ot' liiin : " lUesscd arc the li|»s that ])f()claini the ;j:lad t idin^s of salvation t<>rant and the vieion- The Hills, ii family of bnrrinial rank sniee l.']()0, and still nioi- fanie(l for li\(^ gallant brothers at AN'aterloo, for a eonnnander-in-ehief of the Ijriti>li arniv, for the lirst riMttcstiiiit I^ord Mayor of London, and for the Father of Penny Postage, now gave liieli- ard and Rowland Hill to Methodism. Under con- vietions which travel and d issipat ions eonld not dissipate, Piehard wrote to Fletcher. Avho, ■walking som;" mi les t o meet linn t h d 1 showed liim tho wav ol )eace Powlandaf Cam- ItOWLANU Illl.L. bridge led a sort of Holy ( 'lub, and was not balHcd by pi-rsccii- lions or bv tl le expulsion o )f otl ler -lane, a sister walkini:" with God at home, wrote constantly to her br(tthers to contirm them in tlie faith. The parents misunderstood IJowiand, felt disgraced in f 'ill r nusf >!■ Ml I liml isiii , \S\ iiii liii liilll. illld l:;i\(> llilli little IliDlirv. "('|c:i\r ulilv tlir tiidir t(i ,l(-ll-'."' Ufntc Jailf. uIkoi- l(,\t' Mini Illct'klU'-.-. " -.jioin- ii|mi|i »'\- (r\lMMly liiit licr^cll"."' She iirncil jiiin to ■.(•(•!< \.m\\ limit innilnii. I'.cirid;^"', t(»(», licMi'tciii'd voiiiii:' Wnwliiiid. Ini'tlifV wcii' liy iiatuiT ;ikiii nl" liiiiMoi'. /('mI. i:('iicr<»>it y and ol" ('(■criitricity :i> wi-lj. Wlicii llir six >tiidriil> were cxiu'llcd iVom ()\lor(l, Kirliai'd Hill put out tun |)aMi|)lil(>ts in tlicii' dt'l'm*-*'. wliidi did not iin- |ii(i\t' K'owlaiid'-* cli.'inccs jni- ordination. Six l»i>lio|)s refused to (ti'daill liilll. lie then went out as a iVee laiiee"iiit(> the devil's It riilofies." ( )n hi-^ \\'td>h ))oiiy he went at lafire. |)f«'aehiii,ir in the liii!li\vays, pi-isons ni- chapels, and iceeiviuL'' Ids full share of heidi<' tfealiueiit. A hall was lired, passiiii;- iieai" his head, while |ireatliini:'. At home, his pai'eiits pei'seeuled him, hut, hy the la- lioi- of himself, K'iehai'd an*l the e'entle .lane, live of the family, uilli many sei'vaiits and neii:hl»ofs. came to ('hrist. In lii> old :i;je. I)eiiitr llx'ii always irreeted at the family mansion, he once Miid : " llow often have I paced this ten'ace, hitterly weepini:' : while liy ino-t of the inhahitaiits of yonder house I was considered !i (lisLirace to jiy lainily. IJiit it was for the cause ot" my (iod.'' Ikii'liard. who had pleached, thouirh a layman, and who had been induced hy his stci'ii |)afents to tiive up such " ii'i'cuularit ies," was x'lit to persuade ivowland to (1(» the same, lie tound him pi-eachini;" ;il Kiiiii-'Wood to t lioiisaiids of colliers, whose tears were wa>hinir ihcii' lilackened faces, Kowland pl'cached all the inoi'e eafiiestly fur >eein,ii" Ivichard in the coniireuiition, and closing', shoutcil r ''My l>rotlier, Uichard Hill, lvs(|., will preach here to-morrow." S(i Kichai' % ^^. % •^PT %> Q>. '^.0 « If? ' ' if II n ^^M a^ WmM i*? WpiUll'l iU; i'^^^^ij fr Mij 'Aw 1 Cdh'i/i isfi'c 3/1/ /toil /.■< Ill , l.s;3 Li)V(iuihI luiii:"> and Ivavclinir liciiltli. 1)l(iw your horn >(iiin shijMlash j)reaehinu'. >ay what they will, that does idl tho jrood." biairiuij and ICnr/ravimj ''!/ ■■'. \i'iiin.tle, and, though she had heard Idni as "u second A\'liiteheld." she never foriravo him. "Mr. Ilill caiuiot preach for ?//'." lit; took orders as deacon and Went on liy Innisolf. JJo hiiilt Surrey ('liai)el in the wor>t ))art()f London, and he signed himself " iVishop o<^" Surrey ("liajxd and of I'll! •f: tin II' ■**' l\' '* ' II ,ii '' I.. .} II' .J ui. II \H4: The >'^'/'>i'i/ ftf Mcflioii >,<,,■)„ i m J I I nil llic wjistc ])liic<'s ill the kiiiu'doin." Foi' lifty ycMi's lie prt'iiclu'd (here mid "cs cry wlicrc," liiidiui:' iiuiiiciix' ;i>>ciiil>Ii('s in mH pliiccs. 2so r)i>li()i) ever out \v(irk('ocame a Christian. "How was il thai I was so dealt with? \\'as it not liy s})('('ial liracc, and in (iod's own time?" He easily took lo Calvinism, and v.as not only a I'ai'e and etlective ])reaelier, l)ul the staunehest Calvinist ic writer oi' his day. Such are some ot" the Christian heroes ot" the jx'i'iod. It'too niueli spaee is y now caiiic. ^W'slcy at Conrcrciicc asked : "Have we not leaned (oo nnieli towards ( 'ahinism 'l" The liattle over tlu^ ^^ answer to this raided hard, and all the "heroes" Avlioni Ave have named took part therein. It has little interest for the general reader of to-day, and its story need not be told, only that after it the sky eleared, and love and peace prevailed. It eonxineed nohody : all went on as Itefore, In 1770, anc^ther festival was held at 'I'reveeea, at Avhieh NN'esley was eonspieuous by his absence. Lady IIunt«in_2'(l()n. after his ''We have leaned too much, etc.," had wi-itten to him that, while lie so held, he could never ])reach in her ])ulpits. IJut he had eiiouiih else to do. Fletcher, who had been ])resident at 'Prevecca. nov, , ^'or the same reason, tof)k his leave in a warm, ii'enerous and noble temp(>r, coimnending the nolde Countess and all her works to the help and fav(»r of Ciod. Trevecca flourished. Its foundress spent there most of her tini(\ and its students evanncli/.ed the country for thirty miles around, and from them her pul})its were steadily replenished. Its commeneements were like eamp-meetinill,s,n, iiiid cNcry I'odiii in llic cu^llc hccunic :i ch.-iiicl lor exhortation, })i'!iy('r ;iii(l soiiti'. rpon llic ('ountcss now caiiic tlic lnn'dcii ot' \\'liitcllol(rs Or- pliaii llotisc ill S.'iviiiiiiali. Ilalicrsiiam. AN'liitcticld's l)rot]i('r .Mctliodist, at ()xlord. whose son Ix'caiiie I'ostniaster-u'eiieral un- der \\'ashiiii:t()ii, was liis executor in ( i(.'t)i'u:ia. Jleseiit ('ornelius A\'intei'. who had lahored with ^^'llile^ield in the colony, ])acUed l»y a letter I'roiii its (iovernor and l»y the personal plea ol' Frank- lin, to he ordained in l^nuiand, and so continue the "work in Savannah. The IJishop of London rel'iised to ordain, ])artly because the colonies ^vere already " relteliious." The Countess liouii'ht up the whole propei'ty. A missionary 1)and was orii'jinized at Trovecca, after a fortniiiht of servit-es, in which the ui'eat names of tlie "Connection" ajipi^ar as j)reachers and counselors. It was a goodly day in T^ondon, Oct. 21, when tlu^ "destined vessel, heavenly freiuhtod," started down the 'IMiames. The renewed pie^y of England thus oversowed upon the world, while prayer and praises went up like incense to the skies. At Georgia, all ])cgan well, and for years tluMr lal)or jn'ospercd. Then the war came on. The Orpluui House was hurned, the missionaries returned to England, the good work among colonists, negroes and Indians ceased, and at last the property of the Countess was taken hv Conar(>ss. Eminent men, AVashiniiton, Franklin and Laurens, took a deep interest in the restoration of her estates, hut her claims were never allowed. Quite a part of Whitetield's property, which he willed to the Countess, consisted of tifty slaves, men, women and children. Their laI)or aided the Orphan House. Gen. Oglethorpe, with whom A^'esley had gone to Georgia, had forbidden slavery. "It w^as against the Gospel, as well as the fun(hunental law of En- gland." " Slaves starve the common laI)orer." AVhitetield had, in ! t Ul TIxj Calv'tnlsfic Coiilrnri-rs'i. 187 lio |n. Ith lit lu- ll n 1740. potitioncd flic tni>t('('> of the (■(il(»ii\ •ur":iii nllownncc of -liivcs-"' 1111(1 llic introduction ol' ruin I lie I'cuiiiKU ii^ ot" L:i> Ciisasi, tin' ( Mlholic Uisliop. wild, tVoiu liiuuiiiiity to the IndiMU^, urgiMl AlVicMii shivery upon the \c\v \\'(u-ld. Iii 177:.\ Lord Maustield dct-idt'd that Somerset, a slave hrouirlit to Fuirlaud. was thereby free. Cowper at ouee rose and sang, " Slaves cannot breathe in Kn^ilaml. If their huigs receive our air, tint monient Tliey are free. "Tis noljjo. spread it tlieni " Ten years later, a t'eehle boy at school took these lines I'or hi.s school essay. Fifty years after his essay, he. dying, learned that jiis Eniaucii)ati()ii 15111 had i)asse(l. He was William A\'ibei-force. Such was the earliest relation of slavery to ^Methodism, and such has l)een the gi-owth of ideas. That which A\'hitetield fostered has shaken Churches, has shaken Xatious, but .shakes them now no longer. At this time died Howell Harris, the most elfective of the ("alviuistie laborers, next to A\'hiti'tield himself. For this reason, as well as for the charm of high, heroic character, his later life may in part be given. Of his starting out W(^ have already written. Then, no oiu' in Wales, whom he knew, "had the true knowledge of Ciod." Xo clergyman noted, or tried to stop, the immorality that deluged the land. He "had never known one man awakened b^' the preaehiuir in the count rv." He began, though a layman, to preach, even five or six times a day, in barns, eliureh-yurds and wherever he could gather a lu^aring. Assailed 1)V mobs, threateiu'd bv mai^istrates, denounced bv the cle 'gy. yet " I was carried, as on the wings of an eagle, triumphantly above* them all." Rowlands and Davies andGrifKth -lones rose up at his side to help him. A\'liitetield and the W'es- Icys came often down : religion became the connnon talk in Wales and crowds went to the preaching. Ilowells had htmible views IDIll !!:"!' 'I'll imII *t,.M ii'rlM » 1 Mlill '111 i (i\vn liilts, lull. Mt'ici' -fll-x'Mrcliiiii:'. lie liciiid tlml lie could i'cl\ (111 ( 'lifist . " jiiid tliat if Hi> lioiior >Ii(miM c'iII iiic to >iitrcr i >lioiilil liiid lliiii tiiillil'iil ill ('MTV trial, in dciiili. and to all eternity." No early \\'el--li hero. Arlliiir. or ary Lord ol" Snow- (loii. was ol" lira\ cr ( 'aiiilirian heart. Ilis (•(tiilliets year alter year were ])Mst Iteliet". heyoiid those of any other e\aiii:('li>t . hlit ol these we ('.'miiol speak part ieuhirly. ( lent leiiieii (in the Mii;^lisli sense, "men of wealth and culture"'), cleru'ynieii and uiairist rates led uio1)s MLi'aiust him. as if he were a monster raNau'iui:" the land. '' When I arose in tlu^ moriiiuu', I was in daily expcM-tatiou of my crosses." At Newport, the rioters tore away his coat sleeves aud carried oil' his p(!rukc, Icaviua' liiui " iu the rain, I>areheaded, under the reproach of Christ.'' lie went on amid shouts and stones, and lu; l)rought away a bleediuii; hrow. hut undaunted si)irit. At Caerleon, his comrade, Seward, became hlind by blows on his eyes, but still stood blindfolded by the side of Harris, sayiiiii' calmly, " )\'e liad better endiu'e this than ludl I " On Sunday at church he heard a leadiuir clerirynian call him "a minister of the devil, an enemy to (iod, to the Church, to all mankind, " and sunnnon the people to join auainst such a man. So they did, and they stoned him as he Avent from church until he doubted if he sliould i:et home alive. "For such times," said AVesley, " (rod made such men.'' At one place ''airun was presented to my forehead ; my soul was ha})py." One struck him on the mouth till the Idood came; his clothes were spoiled "with mire, mud and irunpowder." He got a change of clothes, Avashed himself and went on preaching to the lingering crowds. They begged him to come to the village a mile away. He went, and "the word Avas glorified. " By such labors and sutt'erings, "IIoAvell Harris, Esq." (so ho is named on his tomb at Trevecca). and the like of him reformed Wales. For a hundred years AYales has been a religious land. Ins TIk' (_'. in llisit lime. < lone .'ind i^ >t ill doiiiL:', AnicricMn ( 'hri>t i;in- niiix Itc i:riitct"nl lor in. -('( ni Hi IIT 1; ihor After lii> licMJtli liiihMJ. he ll\ (Ml at ITVCCCM a\ . \\'c>l ('\ inc dt' the ino^t ('lt'L:ant iilaccs wliicli I JiaNc riicif were walks in a wood, a mount raised a meadow, connnandinu' a deliu'htt'ul pi'ospeet , a lai'u'c and 11 ill Wales. lieailtlllll lioiix that with the uai'(l('iis, or( hard- w;i Iks Mid |iiece> of w.-iter that surround it, it is u kind of liiile |iaradi>e."" Wesley keenly enjoyed the heautil'ii! ill nature and human life, and :i call at Ilafris" mansion was to him sweet and iVesliiiii:'. Here Harris had a liundrod I'csidcnts beneath liis )of, variously employee! on his estates 111 rt H e preached to them '•very mornin:o into tlie service of the Kinir for the defence (if the land. Many werc^ williuii'. Five " went in the strenuth (if the J..ord,*' and at L()uisl)urii' and at Quebec and Havana, under A\'olfe, they t'ouuht side ])\ side with Puritans from Xew Kiii;land. AVhitetield had aiven them a motto, "F'ear nothinir, while Christ is Captain." Seven years luul the Harris household prayed for its absent tivc, when suddenly the survivor appeai'ed. He told how liis ciinn-ades had fouirht a irood tiii'ht. Himscdf, after many a hair- lircadth escape by Hood and field, had been otl'ered promotion, hut he came to Trevecea, where forty years later, with a hall still in liis Icl*", he Avas telling the story of the Inlinite Love. ILirris himself now left his "little paradise" of home and entered the service. He was captain, stipulatinn' only that he "■Hi !i 'r i ■M \ 1 I li> M 111 :i| )•' s^ i t 1 frl m I :( jii^i II itil 11)0 'Till' Slor^i of yhtlinilisiii. cvcrvwlicn' ih'cmcIi ;iiii()Iil;' IIm' 1i'(»()|)>. Twcnt \ -iniii' ot' liis lioiix'lidld Weill with liiiii : Iwrhc for llircc yi'iir- iit Iii> own I'Xpcii^f. "I ciiiiiiiiit my rmiiily lo the i^ord iiiid ^o tn drrciid «»ur .\:ili(»ii Mild il> ])ri\ilcL:('> ;iiid to show that I'or thr -;ik(' ol' (iiir Sjivioiir wf ciiii pMi't willi life ilscll". scckiiii:' :i city which i> ill)o\i'." I-'or hi> three y-'iirs of >er\ iee he |)re:i('h own eoiiiiniiiy were his uiiiirtl. niid >o his \vor(l lind ;ieee>s to the roughest |tl;iees Miid alwiiys had \ietol'V. W Variiioiith. he was told thai the itinerants liad Iried to preach lint had heeii driven away, narrowly escapini:" (h-alh. lie at once liad the ci'ier proclaim that a Methodist would ])reacli at the ^larkel. A iiiol), withllie nsnal ammunition of stones and the like, liiitliered, while the (•ai)tain was drillini:' nearby. He asked. ''^^'ha^s up V" '"I'hat ]\!('lliodisl did avcU not to come; we had killed liim sure I" He said that it was a pity : that he would siiiL' and jiray with them and izivc them "a little friendly advice." liis men m unifonn hrouahl hnn a ta1)le and joinod in siniiiiiir and prayer. lie went on to i)reach while the luoh was awed, foi- tlu'so Methodists "looked like men of war." He proaclie(l many evenings and Avitli results, invited ilinonints, a chajx-l was built. A\"('sley (•ami', and Mctliodisin llourislies in Varnioutli to this day. .\fter the war was over — the war Avliich in .Vnierica nave yonnii' AVasliinnton liis expoi'ience with IJraddock and made Fort Du (^nesne into Pittsburgh — Harris returned to his charmini: lionu^ and its jieaceful labors. Soon we Hud him ontliviiiir lii> lu'cthren. I)rini2iiiu' uj) tlu^ rear of that band of A\'(dsli heroes. On tlio ceilinii,' of his sick-room was n-ilded in Hebrew the awful, nlorious name of flehovali. It brightened before hi.s dyi 1112' eye, and many a ])il,ii'rim still a'azes on it with tenderness and awe. The day of his interment was one of miiiii'led grief and gladness as devout men carried to his burial a lover, a hero and a saint. Harris was the first itinerant in 'NA'ales. havini:- fi Ilia C'lili'iii isl if ('mil I'Ufl I'SI/, l!il pri'Hrlicd tliirl y-iiliir ycMi'x lirtni'i'. .Iiilv I'l. 177."i. lie ciilfiTd hiiiiicl IJowliinds \viis second 1o ll;irri> in time. Iml iiol in iiliilily. I If w M-; I'ccloi' (if Iil;in;ji'it lio nnd cliaplnin to llir I Mdic 111" l.('in>tt'r. I'llfily iindi'N niit , he w ould ctunt' iVuni lii-^ |»nl|>it t(» ^pcnd till' Siindiiy al'tcrmion in iithjriics with hi-; dw n >t;il\\;irl di II. IKinsMioncrs. lie wcnl — luit \\\ lolly scorn — lo liriii' (irdlitli .loncs, !ind ASMS convcilcd. lie hccninc^ a. Wliitdicdd to the \\'(dsli, "turning tlic world iii)si down."' I'mltr his itrcachiiijx the \\'(dsht('Mi|)ci'imu'iit: reached ilsutinosl of ardor and in-^i ligation. KxiTywlicro "(Jou-oiiianl I" (flor;/! was shonlcd. hi |»rc;i(hint: and ill prayer, in ])('rils and in dcalli itself, it was llic one tnncfnl (ViiU'iiJj W'ofd tiiat sci'incd to define and to e.\|)re>s tiu' re\ i\al. After UowMands, who survived Harris twenty years, eaiiie Charles, oullivini!; Harris Ity still more years. He was olfered hii^h ]»lace ill tlio ("liureli, so -were his oifts after heini; disini<<(Ml from three clnirehes for his e\ aiiiiclieal '' irre^iiilarities.'' "I would rather have si)ent my last, tln'ee and twenty years as 1 have, wanderini; \\\) and down our cold and harreii country, than to lri\(' Iteeii made an Arehbisliop,"' Arehl)islioi) of >\'ales he truly was, for h(> oriranized there Calvinistie ^rethodism so that it there al)1(h>s unto this day. It is atreetiiiij;' lo wander in Wales and find lln'se men, whom we have noted, still had in remeinhraiiee anioni: the societies which they founded. These men endured a u'reat tiuht (if atllictioas ; such is always the fare of those "who lead tlu> con- llict of liu'ht with darkness ; hut they rea'enerated A\'ales, their enemies themselves heiuij judu'.'s. Amonu" other I'oults of llieir i)reaching' was a demand for r)il)les, such as led to the formation of the British and Foreiirn liihle Society, from whicii sprang our American liihle Society. This foi'in of ^Methodism had thencet'orward little to do in England. Its sphere was in the A\'est. De ("ourcy, who had Nil t it ,( It il ill; .■..til f I! - ... lii .( .i i.li I .1 1 wm. l!>-> 77if' Stni'i/ lit' Mi'thoil lam. hiTii Sliirli'v's ciinitc. wn- now :it >t. Alkiiinmr-. mid, lli()iii:li a ZDiloiis ( liiirclimMii. lit' >('f\<'(| !ilil_\ iiiult'i' LjkIv llimi iiiL;(l sv>lclll. .Inlm Newton li;i(| lirrii M ct ilMllKHl sailor: tllfli cii]!- lllill ol' a slaver. "Tliere \Hn'^ Jolili Newtdll, liail it not lieeli I'oi' llie iiraee ol" ( iod."' said he al'leiward. as Ik- >a\\ a man led lortli to file ^allows. ( onseienei', siiKJuidt'riiiii' under all lii> eriines, at lenirtli Ma/.ed out. lie led llie sea, hcijian 1o si lid V, and lor (MLdit vcai's lie labored in and near Liverpool. Lord I )artnioutli, t lie Methodist l'oiiiid(!r of I )a rt nioii t h ( 'olloji'e, )»i'e\ailed on the I^isliop of Lincoln to ordain .Newton, who heeaiue eurate at ( )lney. New- Ion savs : " I have liad the honor to appear as a Methodist ])roaelier." He " had not sullieient strength of body or mind to beeomo an ukv. joun m;\\ tun. itinerant, but he h)vod tho i)eoi)lo called Methodists.' lie after- Avai'ds became a rector in London, where he died in LS()7, after foundini>', in part, at h>ast, the Jjow Church ))arty and those ureat benevolent enterj)i-ises which oi'iiani/ed and which still employ the encray and resources cf the Establishi'd Chui'cli. Newton encourai»«Hl the true bard of Calvinistic Methodism. William Cowper, who lived with him at Olney. ''Tlu; Task," lines four hundred to seven lunuh'ed. tells th(> poet's views of Method- ill lai rl- th. Ili- llio sell liM.l 'fill' C'kI ft ilistir C'lllfl'itl'irsi/. i!»a It ill h. Iin. Iios jst>, !is do allusions 111 '"riiilli" Mini' ( oiivcr-Mliiiii/" ^^■ll(•ll Wliilc- lirld was al)i!sc(l III \('r>i' and drama. ( u\\|)»'r ~aiii:- clear and hold ill ins d('t't'ii('t\ His ])(»('iry \\a> iiol of the Iiii^lic^t ordtT. It laiiii'fd far below llie li\ iiiii> of ( liarle- AVoley. of w hieli we >i>eak elsewhere, 1ml lie was lender and Iriie in his religious ullei'aiiees. 1'liero were hviiins hefoi-e his dav. for ANatts liad liiachs (hem, hut therd were lew reliiiioiis poein^. ^(lllllu■ had ni'.cn liis lofly and Avoiirisoniti "Xiu'ht Thoughls," and (iray his im- niorlal "Klegy," hut Cowper lir>l put into i^ciieral vers*' llio f^entinicnts of evanu'elieal pit'ly. In ITT.s, C'iilvinistie ^Idh .disni had on its rolls the nio>(. popular cderuy in Jiondon, where also li\fd the most eminent hiymanof llu^ ('oimeelion, John 'riiorntoii, lie, Willi Loi'd Dartmouln and llu; Countess, proeiire(l or(h'r.s and pliiees for many Treveeea students. All these, with their brethren in Dissenting t'hurehes, held a moral rcdation to the (lood ("ouutess. In Seotland, Lady (ihmorehy had (b)iu! as Lady Huntingdon had done, and there wen^ ehajxds and brethren in Ireland. .Vll these; had no eenter l)ut the aged ("ouutess in person, and no system l)eyoiid her personal direction. Sho had no genius to organize or legislate, The crisis of her church career came m 1777. She titled up for j)reaeliing the Pantheon, a secular building in a wretidied part of London, and held it as part of her own estate as Peercsii of the realm 80 she held ehaptds by the score and the castlo at Treveeoa. The reelor, in whos(> jjarish stood this Pantheon, elauned to control it, its services and its incomes. A^jpeal was made to the law. Thornton and Dartmouth uj)li(dd the Countess, hut the verdict was against her, and her chaplains had to retire. ?)ut such also Avas the situation of ail her chapids ! The de- cision of the court took them from her. though built with her own nionev. and i)ut them m the control of the clerirvineii of their respective i)arishe!S. 1. i»i> ■t ! ;;: m ^ •e 'H , •in)|! !i- !i i: .] t?f : ■ '-M 1 :#! ijll ;ti M ■ ^: i:i TJm ,Sf<>i'>/ of MeUiodisii) . TIkmc \\is Imt out' course to Inkc. The Act ol'Tolcration gave lliciii iVccdom ;is ('li.'ipcls of" Dissent, iiiid siicli lliey AVOl'O (>I)liL:(Ml to hecoiiie. It was to the Countess, a most loval ish()})s no longer ordained her preachers, and they Averc ordaiiuMl by (dders of their own mimber. This made it impossible for them ever to conduct services m churches of the Establishment, and henceforth each took its oAvn Ava\'. For eiuht A'ears lon^'er, the same labors The Ccfh'iniftfic Vonlrovprsi/, 195 bv her proju'lu'is brought the samo siioooss. Uut sho folt the need of ln'ttcr oririinization. Tliis she tried to otlcH-t, but it ^va»i 1(M» Lite. Wesk'v's system had boiruii at tiu> l)eiiiniiiiiu' of his labors. All who had joined him had entered it, and were at lionie in it, loved it. The Countess' laborers had LH'own old inde- jicndently and \ver(^ no loiiirer })lastie. She failed in her ellbrt. " My work is done." said she, in ITiU ; at eiirhty-four she entered into rest. None deny that she had exeelled all women known in Christian records. Now her societies went ai)art, as AVhitetield had said of his own, "like a rope of sand ;" lier executrix removed her colleire from Trevecca to Cheshunt, near London. Her societies Itecame Conirreirationai. droi)i)ing the name of Methodist, wliich in Knuland has since belonired to AVesleyans alone. In A\'ales, the irreat majority of Christians are CahMnistic Methodists. Those who represented the Cor.iitess in the ( liurch formed the Ivow Church party, and it is safe to say that in our century that party has by its piety and zeal gi\en honor to its lineage. One may here note the good intiuence which ]\[ethodism came to have upon the National councils of England. That Thornton, who aided the Countess and was the great Methodist layman in London, left his estate to his son Henry, a son worthy of such a father. If we may believe the great lawyer, Sir James Stephen tlie home of Henry Thornton was, as the scat of public and politi- cal benevolence, a true copy of Lady Huntingdon's at Chelsea, as tlio seat of evangelism. It was at Clapham, near London. Here Pitt had built, for his own scant rest, a villa amid lawns, and be- neath such trees as an Englishman venerates. Henry Thornton, being a banker in town, bought this for his retreat, and here came ininiy a visitor to rest, to converse and worship Avitli the Church that was in his house Every lover and worker for mankind waa lo a •■II I! 11)6 The Star If of Method i^m. welcome, and few could do more tluiii their liost was doinfore the jNfethodist revival. The only tracea])le cause of them 's that revival, and they })rove its benefi- ceut character. Meu do not gather grapes of thorns. ' Hi i « ifl MiT. Ill Iciai.- Is tos- [forni, Kvhii'li ItllCSi' only leneti- 3 S ^ CH^VPTKIi XV. M^ S^'^^StM^ ir^^-; '"//"n Lf//pr Work. '^VUk'^'«K' OW, in 1770. lie w:is nciir Ihroo- score iiiul ten, ns his iiir*' in!ircln's Just behind his cciitiiry. Ho was, as we arc wont to cull (Jladstone, '' the grand old man."' He \vrot(\ preached and tra\(>lcd moi'e in the ten ycjirs pn'ccdinii- his lour- score than in any other ten of his lite. He had l)een the most persecuted man in England : he had come to be the most known, the most felt, the most truly hon- ored. The years of victory behind him wcr(> all the years that most men could remcmbei' ; they obeyed hiia without answering, and followed him, fearless of failun*. tSomeof the bodily infirmi- ties of yontli w<'re uone ; those of aiie wc'-c not come. ''How is this, that I iind just the same strcnijth that I did thirty years tigo?"' His e3'c-sight better ; his nerves tirm(>r I He states as the cause, ''the good ])leasui'e of (iod." His means wer(^ : "Rising at four, for now about lifty years; i)reachinir at tiv(\ one of the most healthy exercises in the woi-ld ; never traveling less than foi'ty-tive liuiidrcd miles in a year." Until about seventy, he rode on horse- hack, "{)aying more tolls than any other Englishman." His rid- ing, with its exj)()sures. may have cured some evil tcMidcncies, l)nt the stumbling of a horse oiu'(> so injured him that the* sui'geon or- dered him to lie on his back tifteen days. 'r/it/f ho would not do. .\ii ojx'ration took from a hydrocele tliat had formed a half-pint of MM M m • 'r iHi f 1 ! ,1 \ 1 ' iitii 1 ! ii«it! Ij 'I ■ 1^ Hi- ♦ ' h 19.S The Sfori/ of MctJiodlsm. water and a small pcurl ! Wli.-il a " i-clic " llial would have Itcoii ! Tlic next d;iy lie was at work. lie now •mVX't^ 1o liis means of health some upon w liicli all will aLTce. 'I'lie aliilily 1o sleep at once when neeilini.'' it : the nevei" losinir a niirht's sleep in his life; an even, cheerful temper: these (ire conducive to health. He traveled throuirh Ireland, throuiih Wales, visitiuir Ihe ''lovely place, the Io\-ely family " of IlaiM'is. now lon^' i:(>ne. In Scotland, kirks were o|)enedfor him. and the mairi^itratcs of Perth formally presented Inm in Latin the privilo to whom he was now preacliiniT. At a place near Oxford, there was in his audicnci' only one man who had there heard his tirst sermon, nearly lifty years before. At (iwennap, he preached to the largest audience of his life. o\'er thirty-two thou- sand by careful rei'konin«:-. lie was heai'd to the vei'V outskirts; "perhaps the first time that a man of seventy had been heard by thirty thou^^and persons at once." At the Dales, then a charming'' reirion of ])leasant homes, he notes that ''three in four, if not nine in ten" had spruni:' up since the Methodists came in hither. He ])reache(l in the (/Id ^Nloor- fields"tothe larirest contrrciration ever assembled there." The remotest heard liim distinctly. " So the season for tield-})reach- incf is not y(>t over." Fifty yeai's earlier he had u'iven at AU- Ilallow's. London, his tirst sei-mon without notes, lie was now, after the loni>- I'xclusion. invited to preach then^ airain. In every place the old barbarism had vanished. Auirust S. 177I>, he savs : "This was llii' last niirht which I spent at the Foundry. What hath (iod wrou li'iivrlci' in \\'in(lniill street, wIhto it stood, sees not a trace of the l)uil(lin "(iod was eminently present," the City Koad ('hap*'!, then tiie tinest chapel in London. Here we, tind tablets to himself, his i»rother, and other Methodists of note, and in its yard rest his ashes, with those of nany of his lieroes. — =;^j^~ ..s^' jt CirV ROAD rilAl-EL, KMiLAXI). The Imildinu of chajiels was now a serious i)art of Wesley's oare. He showed sucli skill in tiu; choice of sites that, thouirh Eui^Tish towns are many times larixer now, his chapt'ls are still admirahly located. At this stauo of our Story, when Arethodism was now ftiirly launched, the (^harm of personal incident l)y no means disappears. Weslev had. in 1742. founded as a Christmas otferino- his Orphan h* i! 'm; i«'tt»j )M '!!!■ .1' »; t! •II, I Mil ■i ■'' ii i. ..f.. lit'! s .lutt! i; c' ■■ii 200 I'lic >^(i/r>/ of Mf ///{>(/ is/ii. !.!i') ik > n^ 1 I •..!;! ^ ilf House Ml Xcwciist Ic. Here pi'csidfd for ncmi's Graco Murrav, llic fail' liamitcr of W'csIcn's drcaiiiN. ( )t" lici' \vc have already spoUeii. She was the very anirel of Xortli Km^xImikI Melliodisiu. Jn this eeiiturv, an old man was lelliiiiriiow he saw hei' staii ujioii a day's itinerancy. Ilei- horse was hronirht to ihe door. With a glance at his trappinjjfs, she laid hei' hand upon his shoulder. lie knelt ; she wasinthi' saddle, and, withevei'v l>eauty of movement, mi INTEKIOU <»1' CrrV ROAU ( IIAPEL, IN 18(10. was (|uickly out of aiiiht : but the vision floated before in the old man's nieniory. Here, while Mrs. Murray, "the desire of his eyes." was miiiis- terinir. he used to stop to rc^t. " It is oood for me to lie here, but I am to be a wandei'er upon earth until my spirit returns to God." (irace ^Nluri'ay Avas now loiii:- lionc". yet he Avrites of New- castle : ''Lovely ])lace. lovely company I Ihit I nmst arise and go hence." Always active I Dr. .Johnson now said of him: "Ila ^^^ l;i Id () ims- licro, i\s to ,(>W- iinc 116 '^U '^\ :!' lUMltf iK.lt! I ■l 1 • ..■■'■ J i •t.l ' ! il ;:"i Wl.Sl.l V M<>\IM|:M, ( mi V KOAlS l.dMinS, l.Ni.l.ANM M < I r i}-^ 1 1 !• i 1 ' '/jl ^i m ' I) 202 T/«y Sfnr>/ of Mff/ioJt'sm. is clcvrr, hut h<' liiis iilways an ciiiraircinciil. He caimol, lik^; me. ciii'l Ills If'iis uiidt'i' a tal)l(' and lalk all day." Ncwcaslh^ IxM-ainc a cciitci' for the socictiifs ot' tlu^ Xorlli, an Eliin lor its itinci-aiits. So it still rcniaiiis. Within a cii-cie of ten miles it has moi'c than a huiKh'ed chapels. AVesle}', in tlx^ ixreat cities, visited his people from house* to liouse. lie was amazed at what lu^ found, in London, of misery, and want, and vice. After the active charities of a century, oiu' may add, after so many yt^ars of i>as-lit streets, those are found there still : Itut in Wesley's day the (hirkness was lik(! that of Hirypt, He notes in his visits to prisons the sad case of Dr. Dochl. This was an eloquent eU?riryman, who had for^^cd, to a check of a thousand jjounds, the name of C'hest(u-ti(M-y was a cai)ital crime. Dodd sent for Weslev, iuid in the end the niei'cv that does not l)reak a bruised reed i-ame to Dodd's conti-it(! lu^ai't, and his end was peace. Ho had wrecked, in a minute's use of the })en, his own name and hope, and had sent his wife insane ; yet, out of the depths, he truly came to the Friend of sinners. From the irallows, "I make no doubt,'" \V W( ■nt to Abndiam's bosom. Xor were Wesley's labors less ett'ective with culprits of low degree. This was the period of our American Revolution. Wesley was by temj)er a Loysdist ; but he vrrote to Lord Xoith, the Premier, and Lord Dartmouth, Colonial Secretary, to dissuade them fi-om war. "These men ask for nothiuii' more than their lejxal riuhts, and that in the most modest and molt'ensive maimer. They will not be frijrhten(Ml. They will ])robably dispute every inch of trfound, and, if they die, die sword m hand." His letter might have done good service in the Congress of 1770. H^es/ey'.s- Later Work. 203 In those (lays, Wesley wns liiinselt" in such tide of jirosperity tliiit he met MJiiiosi no perseciilioiis. and hut small annoyance. lli> helpers. j)enetratinj2' |)laces si ill darU in Knirland, eonhl tell llie old. old stoi'v. .\l Alnion(ll>urii". the elerirynian had (h'clared liinisell'' ininistei" enough" for that ])arish, and his eh'fk, who was constahle, set hinis(df to prevent and punish invasion. Darney, a in-eacher, eanie and foi'nied a societv ('s of the Church if he would (|iiit the Methodists, At leiiulh, darkness arose in the hoy's own soul : his troul)los made him wild and he tried to commit suicide. His father, fond and ironerous liy nature, had him for two montlis under a physic-ian. bled and blistered for his soul's health. Then the son escaped from home to Manchester. His mother ])rocured his return and full liberty was <>iven. He soon ImUIuI that free ii^race and Christian sympathy can minister well to a mmd diseased. "Mv streiiirtli came a<>:ain, mv liulit, my life, my (Jod !" His temper may be seen from many a con- flict. At \A'rexham, as he was preachinu" in the o})eu air, a Justice sent a constable to arrest him. The constable would let Oliver finish the sermon, but the '"Dogberry" came and took the preacher by the collar. "Here is no riot ; I am a licensed })reacher." The justice ordered his constable to take Oliver to prison. "I Avill I llV.s/ry'.s Lail in livi^ Imiidi'ed ))oiind.- : another would di-l'eud liini at all hazards, if he would ])reaeh at his dooi-. Others uou Id <:() to iail with him. hut ( )liver chose the loruis ot" hn The next day the proseeutinir attorney threw up the case, '{'he j'lnious Justice threatened to have ( )li\'ei- whippcil ciut of town uiilesH he pi'oinised never to appear thei'e aL'^aiu. "I am an Kuirlishmau : I will niaU" no such pr<»misc," came from that daunt- less hreast. dth lo a l)out \'our husuies.- was i1h' sidlen dischai'ire •h and ilK^ preaciier was vu-torious. Such battles and Avorse, and such triumi)hs, iVdl to the lot of Mather, a Scotchman. His struu'u'h'^ wei-e not w ith niohs, except |)crhaj)s at J)()ston, where lie showe(l how "iracc^ could control tlu^ hot Scotch ]>loo(l. Ilis conllicts Averts with inauisti-ates aiul clcrtrynien. In many a ])rovincial villa:Li(', not even ''Sijuiro Allworthy" could look on a ])reacher as other than a \aurant, (listurliini; tho jjuhlit^ (juiet. It was loni; heforo these conserva- tive minds coidd understand \\\k\ true slate of the case, but tho liravo ]\Ialher opened tho eyes of many to the law^'s intent and iiicaning, un! yciirs of niiiiislrv. willi its full sliair ot" imi'dsliip, ho nitored tll<' llCilVCM of lIlC ItrMVf. Such lucu sv('f(^ :iuil jilways uuisl he the ^tcjiI workcivs in Mctli- odisui. Kvci; in our (l:iys ot' ('(hiciiliou Ihtvc is work for " Smmi Joucs." These lielj)ers knew well how to speak 1o the people to whose loniiue iiud tastes they were Itoi'ii. 'I'hey well kn«'W the virtues and the \ iees, th.e passions aiity, and they were sure that the (lospid was the healin;: a from childhood, he hml l)eou drowned ami restored ; had lu^en wn^cked ; had l)een taken 1)V pirates ; had ])eeii for ^'ears in the horrors of the slave trade. W'carv of :ill this, he married, and entered business m London, i 1 1 1 i|i a^y 1 Iji ir/'.s/, m H Ldfc. Work, 207 nnd with his wile lu'cainc clcjir jiiid |ii-:iv('rlul Mothodints. lli» proved an altic man. (iiviiiji' up liis liijsincss, li«> kept at llic Foiiiidry a fliarity srliool, pickni'j: up Imys and llll 111 'i % Iik'' f , i'-li'wiii,';' ■ ■ 1 i ^.:.,:. !■ # &.,^:;-,X-v:r;, 11. . if- i: .1.1 1.0 ^' , ': llll'l V. ' llilflil ijlill liiiiii: I W m ■''.'■■;,i I: hi ..i !i,;i.i lilllllljllull' ■■V'l lll'!''!.1i'i'f ' ;l||^l! liiL I IllltttI 1, .,. !1 <)£- III )i\ Ii:!! II •'; 1*1 . II' \>l ' 1 |:^ .1-'^' l1 ,i t i * • 1^ 1 M ' 1 f i 'i mmi ^' j! ' P ' ;'' 210 'J7/e tilor;/ of MctJiodism. lows, in hcsirinir of llic slit'riil'. lit' ln'raino sure of lior innocence. It was too late and she died a criminal's death, hut died m peace. A man turned ]>y a creditor into the street, with a sick wife and a little dauirhter, huiiurv and i)enniless, demanded of a woman two-])ence and of another four. For this he was sentenced to he liuuL^. He confessed to Told his crime and his penitence, and died in hope. His ])oor wife. Told found in extreme misery and despau". He at last took her to his own home, and thereafter irot her a ])lace as housekee})er, and for her child a home. The good man's work, with that of Wesley himself and others, made easier and more ellective the prison reforms of tlu; great Howard. Hanging for theft ceased ahout 182 loss of some of her hest sons in that century, now drove P)enson from the Church. For fifty years he was in the hi ! iit.li •it ■|!ll i:f| r I W' it I 4 M .. -lit H 212 The t^hiri/ t,j' .McIIkxJ i.<}ii. ol" its iiiiiuii/iiic, and he was wWvv V\vAv\'> death twice jircsidont (tC tlic ( 'onrcrciicc. He j)r('])ar('(l a ( 'oiimiciitarv wliit-ii, Ix'coiu- iiii:" tlic one uiiil'onnly studied l»v the ])i'eachers, aided in an intellii:-ent and consistent st\de ot" opinion ot" exposition in Script- ui'e. The Arelibishoi) of ("aiitei'l)ury at this time is liis u'randson. The orator of the Connection, dui'ina" tlie last ijnarter of the eiuhteenth cenliirv. Avas Sainucd IJradhurn. He was of nol)h! stature, and relined in dress and manners. His -wit and humor often verged, as did liowhind Hill's, to eccentricity, and rcdieved the sweep of his sul)lime and i:rasi)inir tliouirlits. " I have never heard his e(jual ; I can furnish you Avitli no adc- (juate idea of his ])()wers as an oratoi'. vVnother r)radl)urn nuist l)e created and you nuist hear him for yourself before you can have a satisfactory answer to your inijuiry."" So said Adam Clarke, himself an orator, and another distinguished speaker puts it vigorously: "Xever man spake like this mail." His wit Avas oenerallv well used. Some vounradburn was curi()U> to hear the Methodist sermon and the clergyman was liapjn' to go \N ith him. "I mean to arrest the vagrant and stop such things." }VeKlt''/an McIIkkI isiii (ir oil's. 213 lie uirrcod. li()\V('\(M'. willi Iiradhiini lo rnioii in his :iiiu KK ket, d I ut, retort iiii:". ehallenucd his iiuest . I'n-adhurn at once mounted a stone and sauii ii liynni and prayed and ])reaehed : " Re- fniin I'roin these men and let them alone," ete. The courteous clciLivmaii was deliu'hted with the discourse, i)r!iisod BradhuiMi for In- strataL^em, and his door was ever after o))eii to the preachers. Anecdotes oidy are left us of Bradburu ; his sermons have beeu prnited, not his elixjuence. rlames IJoiici-s, whose wife, Hester Aim Rogers, was one of the suiiits of ^lethodism, was called to the itinerant Avork from the srniund where, a thousand years before, the Ab])css of St. Hilda, at Whitby and Holy Island, had given to Christumity its first English poet and whore Bode had put into English the Gosp)cl of John. All that early light had gone out and Rogers seemed to deal with raw heathen. In the heat of an assault, a pious young girl took up a stone to defend him. A ruffian hit her in the face with a stdiie and laid her for dead. She recovered, but bore to her dvin"; (lay this mark of sutfering for her Lord. Others suffered, ])ut a terribl(> storm, as if "God had come to our relief." scattered the innli. On this wild Xorth Sea border Rogers toiled two years, and then, as Aidan had done, he started at dead of wintcn- u))()n a wider circuit. Wesley welcomed him to the Conference of 177.'), and for thirty-fivo years his praise was in the Gospel in all the (.ircuits that he served. it is but of little interest that the general reader (jould find in till' ( 'onl'erence sessions of these years. In 1777, occurred the lliM'ty-fourth at Bristol. One hundred and fifty-four men then hidk api)ointments. The meml)ers were 0(S,:>7 4. XO account was made of American statistics. "Weslev now bejian to ask : "Who : i ' -i a . i'i iitil* tml' 1,1 ■ ; 11 I 'I- 'i!l ■t!' '.' i M, 1 ill tj •M i. •» im ] ' I ■| 211 77/r ,Sh,i'i/ of J/e(/iod!.s)ii. litivc (lied (his ycai-y 'I'lic iiiiswci- i^mvc ik) ciiloii'V. 'Molni 81()('()ImI>, :\i ('loiifs, Mil (»l(l liilioivM', woni-oui in lln^ service," was llic style of r('|)(trl iiiu" cvi'ii the in(»>( (MiiiiU'iit (U'cesiscd, mikI not ;i l)iirieved to stav. "Let him<:'o in i)eace," stud \\'esley. Helton went to tind zeal and i)r(),thren his couuscds, his love and his ])ray(M's. To them, he seemed an ana"*'! st(^p))inu' from the maririn of heaven to cheer and Itriahten their i)athway. AN'hen they ditl'ered and th'bated and there was a dauiicr of heat and of loss of chai'ity, he would sucUlenly offer ])rayer, and not in Aaiu, for their ])atienci' and gentleness re\n'ed while he ])raye(l. "This world has Ixvomc to nie a world of love." To Perronet he writes: "Your irreat> ]\'rs/('i/ini ^Ictlindisin G'roics. 215 ;iof and my l;i'<"i1 weakness iia\e l)i'(»ii\\ it/erland. In tliese days eanic a stii" such as it was I'easonahle to antici- pate. In Ireland, llie Methodists had loiiii' heen ill-used hy ijio Church, and J'Jev. Mdward Smyth had, lor preachinti", heen driven tVoiii it. They now ])resse(l. and ardently, upon \\'esley this (|iiestion: "Js it not our duly to separate tVoni the ('hureli, coiisiderinir the wickedness both of the cleriry and of the jx'ople?" "We conceive not, (1) because hoth the pi'iests and th(^ jieople were lull as wicked in the Jewish (diiu'ch, yet (iod never coni- inanded the holy Israidites to separate from them; {'2) neither did our I^ord command His disciples to separate from them; {'A) lieiice Jt is clear f/i(if could not be the meaninir of St. Paul's words, ' Conic out from among them and be ye separate.'"' 1'his answer <:ives A^'eslev^s uniform feelin-ono to the AVest Indies and to America, without any special scheme ; mostly by simply follow- iiiii' th<' course of emigration. Xow, ITTS. a "" uiission '" (the Avord i'- just come to use) to .\frica is discussed, and i\n) discussion was a lilessinii', thouuh no attempt was mach'. It f(dl upon the ours of one who was to be the founder of Methodist missions and tho fore- iii()>t liiiure in theii' history. It Mas Tlu)mas ( 'oke. He was the i • i^i -It It'll •H i I n II* "•* I ! ' j i I i ■ ! : ,' 111,- J ■ * ! t . 210 T//t' sitii'i/ of' ^IffliixVisiii. only (.'luld ofa wcallliy lioiix' iil P>rc<()n, \\'!il('>. and al ( )\r(ir(nia(l cvcrN' advanlaiic <1ih' lo rortmic and station. liccoiiiini:' a clcruy- iiian, 1m' entered tlie ( hnicli in t'nllness ol" perxtnal enltiire. hut with iiilid(d, oi' al least unevanii'elieal. impressions. In his pai'i.-li lid)()fs lie urew anxious and. as it seeniecl to his people, st l"aii;L:'ely eai'Mcst. They o\-erefo\\ (led his ehnreh. lie l»nilt at his own expense a irallerN . and it was tilled, i"oi' Ik^ j)lease(l evcryhody hut liiiustdl". .Vn unletlei'ed peasant, leader of a rust i(! class in Devonshire where Coke was visit ini:' a I'aini- ly wliei'e the leader was a Lihoi'er, taui^ht this e'entlenian and scholar ''the way ot" (iod more jieri'ectly." This man talked to Coke clearly of the Christian doct r i nes by which men live, and his discourse of the riches of Christ was accompa- nied l)y prayer, u n< ii Coke came into llie har- mony of (iospel li'ulii and into the soul's own peace with (iod. which soon Mazed into a Joy full of glory. This was not hichlen in his own heart. Jle grew "irregular,"' holding .services all around, teaching the ])eoi)le to sing hymns, and de- claring a free, unlimited salvation, J lis iiishop admonished him ; lus rector dismissed him : his own ])arish raised a moh, and he was rung out of the church on which he had lavished his money. The next Sunday, he i)reached near iht; church door; allemptiiig Ki;v. iiioMAs coKio, n. c. i,. Ih ]Vi sjfi/flil ^f' f //<>(/ is/ii (f'riitr. -'1 Oil \ho I'ollowiiiiT SitiulMy Ii» (1«» so, lie ii;irrosvly ('>c:t])»'(l >loiiiiiir. Ilcllicn left his ])!iris|i to ciitcr Wesley's work, while hells were ninir, elder Mowed iVeely, and Pelhertoii, his i)Mri>h. held Jiiltilee ()\-er !l great deliverance! The man Ihiis ushered eaiue lo he .-eeoiid to A\'esley only in iMiiilaiid, and in Amei'iea the tir>t Protestant Uishop. \\'esley looked npon ('oke, so endowed in mind, lieart and t'ortuno, with e\-erv ii'it'l anueeess()r in administration, ("oke was, like his eotemporary, AN'arren IListiiiirs, small of stature, but his soul was as vast as that of the founder of the Emi)ire of India, and his energies were e(|iial to the execution of his wide designs. AN'esley, in 177(1, had taken his measure, and "formed with him a union which, T trust, shall never end." Coke, forty-lour years younger than himselt", lie clios(! as th(! coming Premier of Methodism. Coke pro\-e of (Jod, the otiice of premier fell to a coumiittee. Tin; foreign lield of Methodism Avas now ])ecoming immense in ])rospect, and tlie "tight little island"' of England was to he only "the lillle niotlier- laiul'tothe new evangelism, ('oke was the man for the hour, mid during his life-time no niissionary society was needed, as, in ^\'esley's, no "Legal Hundred" administration was needed. As the French King had just said, "The State is myself," so could ^^'e>ley or C()k(>. each for his life-time, feel himself a center, an ciiil'odiment. At his own expense. Coke crossed the .Vtlantic eighteen times, lie s])eiit most of his own estate, rei)lenished though it was by lii> marriage, on his missions, and he was in their liehalf an irresistible Ix'ggar. He was in a sea-port. A rough caj)tain called to the commander of the next ship, "Did a man run to you for money this morning for what he called a mission?" " Ves." "Ah. he is a heavenly-minded little devil; he irot my lust })euny ! " .1 4 I ^M i»v i J|!(Ml til:l 1 1 1 '■! ' ,;:! ,n\ ;ii> Hi »{! 4 i ^4 1 t ' 1 • , t 1 ^ ^1 i: 1 , ■ 1 1 ^ til i I ■n 1 ! t l\ u 21M 77/r S/(,ri/ nf yiclliiiilixiit , K\ iic.'ir scvciily v('!ir>, iNl.'i. Ilic yc'ir of .Iiidsdii's ()|)('niiiLr (lio ]Jil|)l ist.Missidii ill Ikiiiin'ooii, ( '()l<(' iiri^cd bclorc tlir ( 'oiil'ci'ciict' iiii I^:i>t Iiidi.M .Mi>-«i()ii. 'I'lic cosl of oiillil, lliiity IIkmimiikI (lolliil's, lie look upon liiiiiscir, ;iii(l lie ]u'!i(lc(l llir little liniid ot' liil)oi'<'rs. He died id scM. "Tlu' wliolc carlli," said Pcriilcs. ''is Ilii! I'cid loiiil) of llic iii'ciif," and it wus Hiliiii:' llial tlic ocean ])('. Ilie Itiiria! place of one \vlio<;e soul touched all lands, and was, like llie ocean. " lioundless, lallioinlcss, sublime." A( llie ( 'onrcreiice ol' 177!l api)ear lliese, rules: l."J^et every circuil l)ear its own l)ui'deii. and not lean upon llie ( 'ont'ci-ence." 2. '"I'ell every one, expressly. ' \\'e do not make a suliscripl ion lor pay inir debts.*" I'lic ol)iect ol'lliese I'ules was one most (U'siral)le niul diflicull in connect ional systems — the jjromotion of local prudence and self-relraiice anu)nir the societies. Almost the last of "Irish _L''i"ievance^," of which })reachers wei'c the Aictims, fell now to the lot of Henry Moore. lit; had in childhood heard A^'esley in Didilin, and, after hearini:' jireat-hers in London, he loined the Dublin society. lie iit once, like the hrave Told, heiran work in the })risc)n.s. Then he Ix's^an to preach "in a deserted weavei-'s sho}),"and his strenuth urew hy study and hy spii'itual experiences. Wesley's cyo fell on hini and hrouuht him to tlu^ "nol)le army" of itinerants. He became "Wesley's eomi)ani()n in travel, and even his much-used, much- trusted eounseloi'. After vainly trvln he lieuan ins sermon, a ijcmiine Iri>h (i\v heiran. Mrs. Moore ami a vouni:' ladv stood Ity the preaeher'- lii'. and the moh. >vith the tine and ehanniuii' Irish i:allantrv paid them more I'everenee than they would ha\(' jjaid to a unai I'M d i|' >oldiei's. After a lew word:' aniK 1 11 vinLT v'ji:[s and clod- .M(tore went saiely home. A drunken sailoi' mounted the chair to sinii' and })i'each for the anniseuienl of the cheerini:" crowd. I'a-sinii' from his sermon to his >hi[). the poor l)lasi)hemer slipped from a plaidc and was drowned. Moore riH'oiKiUi'red and held the post, and a chapel now mai'ks his l)attle ti(dd. In IT.SO, Weslev, at se\-ent\ -seven years, in white hair l)ut in fullness ot strength, ap})ointed one hundred and soventy-oue nuMi to sixtv-lbur circuits of fortv-three thousand oiixht hundred and thirty members. He was amazed at the work, its steady irrowth, its success in the rudest i)laces. "'Tliat a revival of i-eliiiion s(ddom continues ahove thirty years,' has been many times vei'ilied. It will not •ilways hold. The present revival in iMighmd has continued lifty years. Blessed bo God ! It is at least as likely to continue as it was twenty years ainks deeper. AVc have reason to lio})e that this revival will (.ontinue to increase until all Israel shall be saved, and the fullness of the Gentiles shall come." After one hundred and six years, "this revival" still "spreads wider, sinks deeper." I' ■4\ !i •»..».' I U»i ft :| 1:1 •to 'IM If ' Ti '1' .''I iiil 1 i -| I lit H I 11 ciiai^m:!? XVII. IvM'i (iI'mII this sli'Miiiic ('\(MilJ'iil histoi'v ! It \v:is w (iiidcrl'iil. TIm' ">«'«'oii(l old mi:*'" lir nev- er SMW, Miileriiii:' his seveiit y-eiiihlh yeiir, he sMVs : "lU'lhe hh'ssiiiii' dl' ( i()(l. I :iiii iu>t llie Siiiiie ;is when I entered the Iwent y-eii:lith."" .Vl liis eightieth, his streniith is iioj liihor iind r «^»>^"'"i'*'\v, nor liiis lie more juiin or inliiinity Ihaii ;it list' :ind twenty, heini:' :i stiiinpT to heachulie, tooth;iehi' iind sneh "yonlhl'id "' disoriU'i's. '"i'o- diiy. 1 iMitei'ed on my eii:hty-seeond yciir, siiid found niys«dt' just :is >tr(inii' lo l.-dtor in body or O) mind as I was forty years au(>. 1 inipute thi- not to second causes, l»ut to tiie soN'ereiii'n Lord of all, \vlio Itids lh(> sun of life to stand still a> il /'v^^^^ p](>;ises llim." Aftei' a year, he A\riti's: "It i- liow" eleven years since 1 ha\«' I'elt any such thiiii:' as weariness. J speak till iny xoice fails, and T can ^■peaU no lonii'er ; I walk till my strenutli fails, ami I can walk no farther: yet even then I fe(d no sensation of -weaii- ness : I am perfectly easy iVom head to foot. It is the Avill et' (iod." Meitlu'i" Ins writinirs nor his speakinir showed a trace of mental decay. Ili> dournal erows sunny and i-lieerful. lie has more than ever a leisurely repu'd for the Ix'autiful in lite, in art. in nature, lie discusses the newly-come ])oems of ()ssiaii: he criticises and compares the Italian poets; he is at honu' with taiil' ' m% y! It ic ncv- CMl", llf list the iuhth." )(»i' iinil iy iliiin . "T..- ir, iintl )(i(ly (ir itc Ihi- n Loiil ill !i> il "11 i< ■li thini;' 1 T call \, aii iukI l;iii(ls('ii|)('s. iiii of ilic i:r;m of ihcir prcx-nt owners. Ills eye looks hark and \ irw s tlilliiis in a teiidrr, |ioctic lii^iil. !i> if (lislaiicc litily k-nl a soft fnclianlnirni to flic \ icw . At l!|i\\ orlli, st ill deal' to him "hcyond iiiosl places in the woi'ld." lie thinks, as the third and fourth izcneral ions crowd t<» hi- |ii('achin<:, " Sec how the earth drops its inhahitaiits as the tret' drops its IcaM'sI" At Kini^swood, when tln^ sun Avas hot as "c\fii in ( ieoi'iria," his rays could not pierce the canopy under which li«' was pi-eachini;', a douhle row of trees, "which I planted I'orty years aiio." "llow little did any one then think that they would serve such an intention I"' The loneliness of old aiz'e seeined never to touch him. As he preached in ])laces where he had done the same t'orly oi" lift\' xcars liefore, he showed no sorrow at tindiiiiJ' "a fc \v tl il'ce "not oiu',"" of his early hearers. 'I'heir happy spirits seemed to minister to him, as an unseen "majority " in the air. He foriiot, jiis old opposers. for they were in the dust: he tenderly names tlio-.e who liear- j'laeed it. At another ])lace, as he eaino down iVoni the (le>i\. he found hiinx'lf in a ^^roup, Avho Ix'izaii kneelini; altout liini. lie Unelt <1<)\\ n and ])rayed with tlieni and "the iii'e I'an iVoni lieai't Id heart." ''Isnot this a new Ihinu'intho ('arth? ( iod heii'ins 111- Avoik Avitii children. Thus has it ]>eeii in Cornwall, Manchester and I"]pwortli." This wrier has coiiAci'sed with an aired n'raduate of Oxford. Avho counteil a siizht and hearini;" of '* Fathei- A\'esle\- " Ihe chief event of an evcntfid life. Jle was then of rosy liealth under his white hair, seiene and A'et s))riii'hlly in inannors, keen of look, with soniethini:- more than ^-ood conscionco Iti'ighteninir liis features. lie was not tall, weitihinu' "not a ])ound more oi- less" than his weight foi- years, "a hundred ajid twenty-two })ounds." AltoiTothor his anc was "as a lusty winter, frosty hut kindly."' Of his eii!-hty-fourth oii'thday he Avrites uothinu' of himself, for on that day, "Howard, the Philanthropist," "oiu* of the iireatest men in Kurope."" was Avith him in Dublin. AVe saw that A\'esley"s man. Told, had been Howard's jjioneer. Howard says of this birthday visit : "I was encouraiicd : 1 saw in him how iiuich a siniile man miiiht achieve by zeal and p»'rseverance, and I thought, Avhy may not I do as much in my Avay as Mr. "Wesley lias done in his?" M'hen Howard left Knu'land on that "crusade of benevolence"* from which he was not to retui'U, he called to see A\'(>sley in London. A\'esley was al)sent,l)ut Howai'd told Moore that at his own country-seat he had loni>" auo heai'l AVesley ])reach. " A\'hatsoever thy hand tindeth to do, do it with thy miu'lit .*" "I have but one thiiiLi' to do, and I do it with my nuiiht.'" "All places are alike to me. for I tind misery in ail. Present m\' I'esijccts and love to Air. A\'eslev. Tell liim I hac « 1 «. If. ior ley's ihis lucli :i ihI 1 cslcy ,US!\<1<' ,1 1o tola llu'ar:! willi I my II Imr ' 1 m 1' ' 1 li •fl ;■ '111! ■ - 1 . f I ■ r 11 ■ If . 1 1 ll )f ■ Itt ! II* ■ ' • Mill M M 'It ti 1' ■i ' «!' 224 hoped to soo liiin once iiioi'c ; perhaps ww may iiicot apiiu in this world; l)ul, if not, we sliall iiicct. 1 trust, in a Ix'ttcr." At ciiihtv-tlvo, \\'c>h'V sa\s : "How ]iltlo liave I sutlercd \-('t ])V the I'usl^ of niuiKM'ous years!'' lie has a littlci (IcM'av of airilitv, of vision, of ni('in(/ry in tilings recent, l)nt not in liis other senses, in his i'eli>h of sparing" food or ins clearness and accnracy \w the writing of sermons. At eighty-six, "Now I lind 1 grow old." The decays above named increase, "AVhat 1 shonld be afraid of is that my body weigh down my mind and create stnbbornness or peevishness ; bnt Thon shalt answei- for me. O Lord!" He begins. 17110, '*! ain now an old man, decayed from head to foot." Intirmities close npon him. "Bnt, l)lessed be (rod I 1 can preach and write still." As for many reasons, chielly this, that they woidd see his face no more, his congregations were now the largest of all his life, so he never addressed them Avith greater i)()wer. lie Avas in constant travel. In Ireland, he saAV "such congre- gations as he had never seen in the Kingdom." At Dublin, he dined with Father O'Leary, a llomanist and an ()p})oser ot old, but a gentleman and now a friend. Uncounted nmltitu(k^s listened in manv a ])lace, and the AVord aained its ancient victories. There were no mobs, no persecutors. To tell of his last iouriKn's in England Avould need a volume. No houses could contain the people. At Chester, the hearers seemed even niore than at Gwennap. At every jdace he sang his brother's hvmn : ''Shrinkimr from the cold hand of death, I soon shall gather n]> my feet." "I took a solemn leave," he often says, l)ut, quite as often, "How are the times changed!" lie had seen mol)s hounded on bv cleruv, mauistrates and irentlenu'r. : he liad met every form of misuse ; now all was })eace. A\ itli ;i strong, sweet voice, he gave his last sermon at Newcasth^ 1 1 was to the children of the Sundav-school, and Avas in Avords oi' ]\'eftle'/'s 01 1 1 xUih (1)1(1 Death. 09^ IK it more than two syllables. Here lio asked for a man known Idiii:" aii'o. Findinii" lliat he had been for years in nii>ery and lilooin. \\'esley went to se(> him. Entering,', he said : "r)roth('r. T li;i\(' :i woi'd from (rod unto thee; Jesus ("hi'ist maketh tlie«' wliolel" and, knecdim^-, ])rayed 1)}' the wretched l)ed. Hope -iiranii" U}) ; the poor man, avIio had lain there for years, went 1(» :i(';ir Wesley })reaeh, and soul and body were whole auain. At eighty-eiirht, AV(>>;ley liad no ])ain, liutliad losl slreniith and (>ve-sight. lie expeeted simply to sink until the weary whe(ds of life stood still at last, but on h(> si ill moved. "Tis lime 1o //'y% if I am growing old," he usi'd to (juote from Anaereon's Ode. Tn 17!H), he lield at Piristol his last Conference. He could no longer write, and his signature to the Minutes woidd hardly be taken for his name. It is, for all that, his autograph, his last, writ strangely large, nor has the world one mor(^ venerable. He eould still preach, and, umler a tree at A\'inchelsea, he soon preached his last tield sermon. He even thought of going to Scotland and Ireland. At length, the last sermon is preaclied at Leatherhead, Feb. 2.'). 171)1. It was the last of forty-two thousand four hundred — an average of tlfteen a week, since his return iVom (leorgia in 173S. On Fel). 20, he Avrote his last lettei- — to "Willx'rforee — to hearten him in his efforts aa'ainst the Afrit-an slave trade. He then became lethargic, but rallied and si)ent hours in words to friends, in snatches of song and prayer. Xalin-c sank slowly, but on the morning of "Wednesday, ]March 2, ITin. he said, softly, "Farewell," and passed the heavenly l)ortal. lie willed that no funeral pomp be had. Six poor men should licar him to the grave, and to each five dollars be j)aid for the service. His body lay in state in City IJoad Chaixd for a day, !Ui(l at six the next nu)rning, to avoid the crowd, was (juietly buried in its vard. The ritual words "our brother" were chanu'ed HI ,' \ I •:;;; ib> ., silt 11:11 ii» •♦ !:• :ii le it- II' ? •ID \\ 1! ; Ui 1 :dij w 'J '1;,! • !■ ; i ( > JOHN WKSLKV OS HIS MKATHUKI), WI!HIN(i Till. I.KTEU TO WlLliKUFOKCE. Mife ]\''\liiiL;' i^-i'lrl" ot" tlii' (.'oiiipany ai)]ii'()\'cHl the cliaiiii'c. Thus died, in tlic ciiiiily-ciiililh year of his aii'c and tlic >ixty- lit'tli ot'liis niiiiisti'v. the most wonderful man ot" liis \\>^(\ perha})s ot' any of the Christian aiies siiu-e tlie fu'sl. His character nuist h(> tt'lcer, irom our Story as it u'oes. There* is no special si)ace for piitraiture or euh)i»'v. before Wesley's own death, tlierc were ehano-cs amonu- those who stood around him. Some died and others arose in tluMr places. Of these, (hu' notice should ))(> taken. In 17.S1, Fletcher was marrieil to Mary Bosan- (juet, who proved to he the lirst lady of Weslcy- an Methodism. She was horn, J7o!>, in a family of wealth and fashion. As early as eiu'ht, she was tliinkinii- : "What is a -ense of pardon?" and ■■ What is faith in Jesus?" >hc could not 2i\e an- swer, and yet she was conscious of l)t)th. Her (>\perienec outran her undei'standini:-. In the u"ay circles where her family nu)ved, in the opera anions and her cour>e of lii'e. She declined. tVom i-elii:ious views, II !?uitor whom from worldly views hei' parents favored, and, he- l.> MAUY noSAKQtTI T Fr.ETCHET?. ft 'I Hi I :''i .1. Ill ?» liil ■iii Ml I ■! : » ■ I V ■; 'I i'il ^■p I ! ' ,.)4 i »i 228 77ie Stor;/ of Mtthodlsm. x coniiiiii" .'ic(|uaiiit('(l with some Mclhodist liulics, slio rpnounccd tho fa.shioimlilc world. A lil'c wholly devoted to (iod seemed sweet 1)('\()iid telliiii:', and "it" I but thouu'ht on the name of Je.su.s, mv heart took fii'e," One day. iier father said: "There is a i)articular promise Mdiieh I i"e(|uire of vou — that is, that vou will never, on anv oeeasion, here or hereaftei*. aftc^mpt to make your l)rothers what you call Christians." "Looking to the Loi'd," she said, "T think, sir, T dare not consent to that." "Then vou force me to ])ut nou out of m\- house." "Yes, sir, accordinu' to your views of tliinus I acknowl- edge it ; and. if T may hut have your approval, no situation will bo disaii"reeal)lc." ('oniiii:^' of aii'e and having' a fortune of her own, she lived ai)art with her maid, iiivini:' her time and money to usefulness. She visited and tenderly loved her ])arents, hut she f(dt that the blaster had set her tree for Ilis own service. She owned a housi' at L:iytonstone, and there, with Sarah livan, slio established a school for orphans, a refui:'e for the poor, a proaeliinii-jilace and a ])reachei's" lioiue. A^'eslev, in 1 7(»."», says : "I there found one Christian fanuly." Two years later, he says: "O what a house of (iod is here!" .Vfter Sarah's death, the institution Mas removed to a lame fai'iu at Cross Hall. Here jNIiss BosaiKjuet's meetlnes were overcrowded, and she bciian to liold othei's abroad. A\'esley says of the Hall : "It is a i)atterii. and a 'general blessinii" to the country." She became, an actual ])reacher, and by Wesley's advic(>. "1 think the case* I'csts here. in your havinu' an extraordinary call. So has every one of our lay i)reachei's. !^^ethodism is AvlK)lly an extraordinai'v dis])ens;i- tion of (lod's ])rovi(lence." Diliss Bosauiiuet, uud the women wliom she led. did not enter i)ulpits. She had in tlie chapels of her buildini>" a seat a little above the tloor from which she n-axc expositions and exhortations. "Ilor manner of si)eakinii' i- smooth, easy and natural, even when the sense is dee}) and M Wesle/i< Old Age loid Death 229 f^troncf. Her words are us u tire, eoiiveviuir both liirlit uiul heat to nil that hoar iici' >o sai( I W cslcv llcr inarriairc! was in Uatlcy Church, Nov., IT.Sl, and the wod- iliiii;- was a rciiiiioiis fcslival. Fourteen uiontlis at'lcr, Fletcher wrote to Charles A\'<'sley : " Xow-uiarried ])eoj)le do not at tirst know oacli oilier, hut I can tell you Providence has reserved a pri/.e tor lue, and that n)y wife is far Ix'tter to nie than the Church to Christ." T'niting" their activities, they opened new places ot" worshij), luiildini:' a chajx'l and school-house near, so that in any jjarisli chaiiii'os the Methodists uiiu'ht still ])e safe. Into their Snnday- xlidol they soon gathered three liundred scholars. They iiave ;iu!iy most of their income. It went amoiii:' the ])oor: it l'urni>li- l (liimer to those who came to the j)reachinu;' from afar: it huilt (M dfl (11 anu lurnisiied iiouses toi' reiii:'it>us ser\ ice. Fletcher at, last wore out. One who had known him i'or year: "never saw him in any temper in which I would not w ish to h( fdiiiid at deatli."' His List Suu(la\' ser\ice was loii2' and oroken liy faintness, but it was iinpressi\-e even to awt'uliies>. lie lay .-diiie days in minified sulferinii' and triumi»h. "Shout, shout aloiK i:-'i le crie( I: "I "W ant a ii'ust of praise to ii'o to the ends of the earth I"' .V loiii:' i)r()C(>ssion of the ])oor were allowed one more h)ok of his loving" face, and that uiii'ht he died, making" sii:n at the last tliat he thouii'ht on lieaveifs l)liss and saw it ojxMiiiii:' before liini. AN'esley's brief word of him was : "I have not I'ound, iidi' do I e.\[)ect to liiid, another such on this side of eternity.*" On March i^'.t, ITSS, Charles AVt'sley di(>d. He will l>e known a^ the Poet of Methodism, and, we believe, the Poet Laureate' of Cliristiiinity in tlie Kniiiish laiiiiuan'e and of the world. lie v\..>. as many a poet has l)een, rather inclined to moodiness and ili>conteiit . The even temi)er. the clear insiiiht of men and teii- (ItMicies, the skill of adapting- })olicies to chani:ed conditions, these I r , at. Hi; i f ( ■iiij : I I \ II Ill '■■ 2;;o '//>'' Slnri/ of Mrflioil !siii . tliiiiirs wliicli >(» iii;irk»'l. in some I'm' lower d(\i:r(M'. \'v\ he Ml lirsl w:is in jidNiiiicc ot' his cldci" Im-oIIht. diaries, al ()xlol'd, was llie first iiieiiilier of the Holy ('lul>, the lirsl to be called Methodist, the lirst to expei'ieiice regeneration. lie was also tlietirst, and lor a lonu" tinie almost t]i(M)nly. man who ventui'ed to ]i(dd ^^etll()dist "nieetinii's" at the same honr with "sei'vices" in the elmrclies. A\'hen he and liis jiooi- collieis were ret'used IIk; sacrament at IJrislol. Im^ took the responsiljilily of ii'ivinu" tliem tlu; sanu! at Kinii'swood, as not even John had yet done. A\'ilh all this courau'e an a school-master, ])()or, l)ut well ediurated, ruliiii:" aiul trainiuii' Ills own family \\('ll. Adam was ''no Aulijar boy"" — cheerful, strong' and. from his eiii'htli year, sell-support inu". Tie ('ould not Icai'ii. "O what a stui)id ass !" one dav strauii'elv touched him. His brain aroused, "His lon^- sorrow turiie(l into instant joy," niid studv became his delinht. and his attainments wonderful, ( )f uiii'uau'e he 1 cnew o\-er twciitx' we ii'.d maiiN' crit icalh', while Mil i « \ 1 ' -1 .■■■'' i 1' -HI i ■ ! •k! i' •tot i : WW i \: ADAM CI.AUKK. I-f,. T). ii li ! I;. ]]'rsh>/'s (till A'li II ml Ihftl/,. L>83 » ";il] IcMniiiii:" \\!i^ lii* |ir(p\ iiicc It \\;i< wiili liiitri- stni,ir,i;1(!.s iIimI lie nilcl'cd into the l\ iliLKlmil ot' (iod. lie Ii;i(| licNCr liccil "wicked," ;i> the word ti'oc^ : lie li;id t'cni'ccl (iod niid krpt liis riillllli;ill(llliclll>. lull lie <|ll;Mlcd lict'oic I lie di-| .Ir;|-H1T dj" ;i Iioiy (m'(1. witlidiit wilox' l';i\{ir lie cdidd iidt li\r. "I'ray to ('lirisl," i\'illli' !l> ;i word ol' li'llidlllicr lo lii^ xilll. I'd llilii lie Iddkrcl ; Iim >!i'iii:i:'l»'s ('('M.-cd, 1111(1 tlifiT w;i> :i li'I'c.'iI c'diii. llr w:i-- in ii nc'.V lic'iv en :ind ;i nt'W ciii'tli in wliidi lie I'diind .'dionl Inni, like a rolic, ;i iiL:liicdii>ii('s> piii'f and iicrl'cct. Litr ln'canic to him ^iiddcniy I'icli. -iraniic and jilcasin;:'. Iiv lln' ( liani^c tliaf wa- in liinixdt". He knew lidw tliis cliani^c liad cdnic. and lie uaNc liini-'cit' to the work dl' callinL:' and LUiidini;' dihiTs to the .-anic iSccdMnni:' an cxhdilfr. he came Id the school at K ini:>wood. He Tared hard there. 'I'd warm hinistdf. he worked in the i:ar(h'n and. diLiLi'iiii:' up a hah-L:iiinea t'or which he Idimd no dwiier. he lidiii^iil a Ile- hrew iifaminar, tlic I'dunihit ion ol' all lii> ( )ld I'otainent knowl- ('(iLI'e. ( >ne dav, \\'e>ley wa> at l\ini!swodd. "ho yy^w \\\>\\ td (le\(»t(^ ydiir-ell" entirely to the work dl" (iod?" "Sir. I wi-li td l)e and 111 (Id wliatexcr (iod |ilea>es." "I think y^nv had lietter i^o ell! into the work at lariic" I'rayini:' a few uiiinile>. with his hands on ( 'larke's head, he sent the yon ni:' man t lni> " drdaine(| " to liradi'drd circuit. Thi- circuit had thirty-three appoint meiil>. so that Clarke was iidt twice a inonth at the >aine ])iace. and he was every day in the saddle as w(dl as in tlie jjulpil — a i:od(l tliin^:- tor "a Vdiiiiii' man without nuudi variety ol' texts oi- matter." He \va^ iidw t wcnty-t Wd. small, like Coke and the \\'esley<. but act- ive, imiscular and suii>hiiiy. His youthful air aided his talents in makiii;^' him })opular. His >tu(ly was already prodigious. Wesley, this year, saw what a helper he had piined and put him (in the roll ot" itinerants, without ])roliation. The next year, he was un the Norwich ciri'uit, with two hundred a)id sixtv miles of !-'fj \ y 'I. I . Ill 111 ••I HI IK If M.!t{ 'vr . V i A t 2U Till Sfni'if iif Ml tliDil isiil. nioiiflily t i'!i\('l. Mild "(iiic li(ir>(' tnr Iniir iirciiclicrs." -o tliiif ono IIIMV lM'|ir\c tli;it he w ;i - " UK i-l 1 V nil \\u\\. lii^ -;i( Mlr-I i:ii:> oil \\\- own liiicls."" Ill fl( \('ii iiidiilli-, lie |irt':i(lii'(l. in I w cut v-l w d town- ;iii(l \ illiiLic^. foiii' liiiiidrfil ;iiiil til'lv >rnii.)ii>. with rxliui'int ion- Im'VoikI (•(iliMlillU', willi tili'lc^.-, |)!i»i(ili;it(' ->lll(lv. Ilf ^tlldird dii ll{»rs('l>!irU ;i> it' lie were ill ;i cell or ;i ilcscrt . No WOlldtT tliilt lie ht'ciiiiic :i 111:111 iit'tcr \\'t'>lcv"> own liciirl I Here cMiiic ;i >tr:iiii:(' |i:i»:ii:f in lii^ lii>loi'y. lie li:id wriKcii on llic window ol" liis lodi^inn's :i licniit il'iil Lntiii icis^mi^c in Avhicli \'iii:'il s|)(';iU> of lli(( 'rrojiin li;ird>lii|»>, niid I.atinni, llic wislicd-l'or lioiiic. Ill l;i->l. I'^or Lnliiini. (Inrkc skilll'iiiiy put c'd'luin, licii\(Mi. A ])rc;iclit'r wrote liciuMtli : "hid yoii do llii^ I0 show tliiit yon coidd write Liitin? () yoiiii^' 111:111. iinproNc yonr liiiic tor eternity i> ;il iiaiid I" 'riii> relmke eaine nearlteinn- ('larke's ruin, lie ea\e up >lndy. and tor inoiitlis pined in a eertain idleness ot' mind. ( )nt ol' this, another rallied him to his true career. In CoriiwalK where he ]»reaehe(l in the opi'ii air. excii amid rain and snow, to erowd-^ which no house could hold, he admitted, as a comcrt, Samuel I)rew, a shoeiiiaker'- apprentice. "^Pliis Pn^v, by ii'enius and study, won such a jjlace in literature, and especially in metaphysics, that he was oU'ercil a ]»rot'ess()!->hi[) at ( ).\t"or(l. 1 le wrote .})oems truly sublime, and was ''one ot" those jji'odiuies ol' nature and irrace "" wliii-h (iod rarely exliihits. lie li\('d and died a local preacliiM". Clarke's ( 'ornwall achiewments tixed his ])lace in ^lethodism. "\^^'sley■s pulpit talent was now easily the tirsl in Knuland and he was second to no AVesleyan. For halt' a century he was the fore- most scholar in the ( "oniiect ion. Tie was in oovornmeiit employ on task> dcmandinii' hi;ili scholarship and \vas a member ot' ten learned societies. lie could ac(|uire better than he could di- t and reprodm'c knowledi:'e. so that with him knowledi^c was not always jiower. Ilis chief work, the CoinmtMitary. '\i ikci'"- { W'rs/i'i/'s (jlil ^\i/i; dill/ Ihiitli, •2;^5 "A help Id llif Ih'IIci" iiinlfr^t uin liiii;' nt'tlii- >;ii'rf(l >crii)l ur<'>i'' tiiiilMiii»'rii'ii itcciiI ric ll<' iirL;'<'il lliiil tlif " ii!itliM-h "" t li;il lciii|ilc(l l'".\i' \\;i^ iKil ;i "-cr- pt'iit ." 'mt !i " iiioiikcy,'' on tlir ^jtoiiihI lliat tin- rout i? "'.>k'ck, ^^Pmw^^^:?^^^^-:'^ DU. ADAM CLAHKE'S SCHOOLIIOCSi; AM) ClIUKCII, I'OllT SlIiWAUT, lUELANU. supple, Avily, tirlfiil.'' To this a wag agreed; for '' AVlio knows so well what tcMiiptcd Kvc as Adam';''' His coiniiuMitarics lia\t' long hccii siqxTSfdcd. hut tiicy arc so iilcutiticd with Mcthodi-ni and haxc >o luiich \ahial>lc matter thai they ;ire no\s- in j)roeess ol" re-editing l>y the K'f\ , I)r. ( 'urry. ' '■A 1 .' ■ \ i 1 ■ » 1 1 If! 't. I lit 1 llfl litt M< i •lOtti MhlH ■ ( . I . \ ', '\\ 1 t > 23 () T/tc .Voz-y r// Mt'thoilisii), Adam Cliirkc. IlioiiLiii a liniiuisi. "could not retain word?*.'' At'ttM'livc tli()ii>aiid >t'nii()ii>, lir rccMllcd no iii>t:ni»'t* where lie knew Iteroreliiilid a >entence llial he >liould uttei'. That \v;i- exIeni|ior;nieon> ]ireaeliini:' ; and when he \v:is in .lersi i he did llie >;nne in I'^reneh. lie \\as;i man greatly Iielo\('(l; iiml. thoui^h Iii> IiretJii'en rejeeied >oine ol' hi-; \ie\\-.. ihev elio-e no man >o many t inies as president ot' the ( 'onlereiiee. lie died ot' cholera in in;;j. In I7Nl, came into ))i'ol)alion (now lenulhened to t welve yeais). in ( 'oni'ei'ence. Melville Home. lie Ix'came at'ler three year^ a (der^iynian in the Chnrcji, at which his hrethi'en wei'e ulad. lor it Avas introdufinu' their own /eal and doctrine to lea\en the Church A\ ith eN'anii'i'lii'al and revivinu' piety. So in this instance ii Iridydid. J le became chaplain ot" Sierra Leone, where .VlVican ]ieatheni>m w as Iteiorc^ his eyes. The siii'lit touchccl his heart. lie 'wi'ote "Letters on Missions," -which stirred all dexout nu'U in J'jiiiland. He charLicil himseU' and them with neu'lecl ot' Christ's Li'reat command in nciilcctinLT t'(U'ei:iii missions. "What mone\- ia\ (' w e ■ id»cril>ed? ^\'llat associations lia\'e we tornied ? What ])i'a\(M's ]ia\ (^ w <' oll'ered up"'" Jle slated the broad aIcws i >o liappih' held b\- all laborers amonn' the hoalhen. Not ( 'aj low \lll- i-m. not Arniiiiiaiii-m, not Li)iscopaey, not Dissent, but Christian- ity \\as the nii>sioiiary to teach. The result was the tbrmini:' ol" the London ^Missionary Society. TTawcis. a chaplain ol" Lady Huntiuii'doii, i:a\-e ll\-e liundred pounds to e(|iiip the lirsl missionaries, "^riiere had been sudi societio in Lnuland. buf this one represented the New l\e\i\al. Its tirst missionaries (ITIH!) went to Tahiti. It sent the lir-l Protestant missionaries to China, sendinii" ^lorrison in l-"^*'". avIh' opened the Chinese laiiLiuaii'c' to ( iosjiel uses. To .\.l"rica, it lias s-ent Mollal and Lli'lii'ishmi'. Its Madagascar mission lias had a straiiiie, e\eiitt"ul. but ti'iumphant, coui;*e. It has now over a W(: It •n 111 liiiudrod iind lit'fv hilturcrs. ami spciKls yearly oNcr halt' a inilliou ol (liillai's. v\ <■• s ? r - ri w e havL' soon Coko alroadv a niLssi(»iiarv suc-irtv in iiiinsrll'. Mctliddisni now aurain strotciios lurtli to save tlu; world. i t \m «i " • 1 1 1 : . : • irii ill! '>< l{f. I. ii:! ' IK III II 1.1! I 238 The •'itorij of Methodism, lip ? I M' A helper now appears in James Creiuhtoii. lie was bora in Ireland and trained at T)ul»lin l^niversily. The liishop of Kil- more, Avho ordained liini and made him his eurate, enjoined him "to sav nothinir about faith in his sermons,'' that l)ein read Wesley and Fletehcr ; in a barn he heard an itinerant, but he had no counsel or sympathy. His brother clergymen shunned him ; his people thought him mad. He felt urged to greater activity and began to preach beyond his own iield, wherever he could reach the people. He was amazed at the power that attended him. "I never saw any fruits of my lal)or till I became irregular." He was already a Methodist and his brother became class leader. He was attacked by Papists — ]>y the clergymen of the church. To the latter he proved that he Avas bringing men into the church. Even Papists were ct)nverted and becoming churchmen. This last aroused nnu-derous mobs against him, but between the two 9[)positi{)ns ho labored right on. In the impulse of conscience, "as he would not have done for all that this world can ati'ord," he, in two years, traveled in his preaching four thousand miles with- in two Irish counties. Coming, at Wesley's invitation, to London, he became at once a foremost man. He aided Wesley in onlain- ing Coke and rendered, after Wesley's death, the hiuhest order of service, until his own departure in LslO. Matthew Joyce, a Papist, an outlaw, dangerous and dcirradiMl from youth, showed true regeneration. His only re«-ret for :tn act in his early life Avas for cursing his motlier. He (quieted him- self on being told by Komanisis that no child can sin l)ef()ro tlic age of seven. At ten, ho vowed never to speak jjrofanely, and that vow he never Itroke. For years he did and sultei'ed all tiiiit Itelongs to the rudest course of violence and sin. With all IIk vices of the prodigal, he had the ferocity of a pirate. He was :i Wefilei/'-s Old A'je and JJeaJ/i. 230 pest iiud a terror, and more than onco wa.s Avillinii' lo Itc^ a nuir- (Icror. Wesley erossed his traek in Dublin. He saw that kissing of the ehild on the puljjit stairs. That aet and ^^'esl(>y"s vener- able appearance touehed his heart. He understood not one word ot" the preaehing. so dark was his mind: hut he went to the (•liai)els and in a tew months was pourinu" out the distress of his soul in })rayer. .Soon he was a converted man, and how nuieh that meant with him I More it eould not n)ean with any human ])oing ! He was now a good citizen: he ])eeame a iiai'd student; ho had a pious wife. Ten years after his tirst sigjit of AVesley, the latter sent him to preach on the Limerick cii'cuit. He felt un- iMiual to his new duties, but his wif(! wrote; to cheer him. Soon ho was glad in his new calling; "so many smiles of His face have rested on me." So rescued from the de[)ths, he served tliirtv vears in the ministrv. \vi;>i.i.VAN ciiAi'ii., Till ui.i;s, iuki.and. .If •Oil { '■ I'.l ..■■I-., U! 1 I I ": : HI I ■ ';! as 1; I! H.it i«i> I le ! I I Ill Hi a i 'li ■ II i I ] 1 1 1 Hi ♦ !t! li CHAPTER XVTII. Wesle// (nil/ Jfis Itistitutions, AVIN(i soon what iiicii were rising to help AVcslov, and to ci\vv\ on thi; work of Method- i.sni after his death, it is as well to begin to traee the position of his eonneetion in itself and its attitude towards the C'imrch of En- gland. ^^'c have seen how easily, not oidy the moral, l)ut also the material features of the system came on. Thev were unfolded like a vciie- table growlh — first the blade, then the car and afterwards the full corn in the ejir. It has been said of the English Constitufion that it was not formed : it grew. So "like some tall i)alm the won- di'dus f:il)rie sprang'' of the institutions of Methodism. The divine will seems as elear in the eall of "Weslev as in the eall of Al)raham, and the movements of the two nu'u were analoiious, thouirh aeross the lai)se of aires. AVeslev, from his own personal experience, felt the needs of England, but he ex- l)ected the reforms to be within the Church itself. "A little church,"' rich in zeal, power and experience, "in a large church," that should soon or late feel in its extremities the vital force of the inner one, was his ideal of a reforming system. Soon, howevei', his doctrines and his modes of statinir them were found to shut him from the chui'ch i)ulpits. Xor could his congregations be held in any church editice. The need of ])er- sonal and more private religious conversation led to the use of "rocmis," and soon, as at Bristol, an entire building w;i< needed. A local habitation at once fixed the character of the ^Ve»h.'l/ axil I/is Iii,sfifi(ffo)is. 241 whole tiiovcnicnt, juul tlu; layinir of tlu> coriu'r-stono of tlic chapel iit Bristol Avus laying the corneixstone of Methodism as an Jiistitute. IIow chapels rose at London and elsewhere has l)een fully traced. These chaix'ls were Wesley's own alfair. lie l)uilt them with monev of Ids own, or of his own raising. Ills hold upon them ho never loosened. As he could not in person take care of the separate and growing i)roperties, he conveyed the cha})els and parsonages to local trustees, to he held for the use of such preachers as John or Charh's AVesley should send, or, afte • the death of the AVesleys, such as the Conference should ap- point. The Conference was then composed of such itinerants as Wesley chose to call in anv vear to meet him. It was found that a hody so constituted could not l»e known in law ; it nuist 1)0 more precisely deiinod and created hy methods more reliahle, or it could not control the properties. The Conference had l)oon oidv an extension of Weslev himself, heing counselors of his own choosing, with whom his decision was final. Ill ITS 4, the year in which, as we shall see, the M. E. Church ill An\eri('a was organized, AVesley gave to the Conference a fixed legal character hy the Deed of Declaration. It is the Constitution of AVeslevan ]\Iethodism. This "^lagna Charta" opens with a rehearsal of the usages already prevailing, as Ave have lu'iefly stated them al)ove. It then names one hundred Avell-tried preachers, Avho are to he "Wesley's true and lawful representatives, and to he "The Confer- onoo of the People Called ^Methodists." This Legal Hundred are to till their own vacancies ; to reckon forty a quorum, unless llieii- Avholc numher, through death or otherAvise, fall helow forty ; to meet annually at a ])lace of their own choosing ; to sit not less lliau live days, or over three Aveeks. Their president Avas to have .■ .' *;. :i n tell il 242 Tlie St or If of Methodism. *.) botli !i personal tind an official vote ; any nieniher uosent for two 8e8si(nis tbrfoited his s(!at, unless lie was present on the first day of the third session, or was excused hy a vote of the Conference. This Conference could admit preachers to probation, and proba- tioners to membership, and could expel ofi'enders. To the chapels, it could appoint none but Methodists, and those for no longer than three years, unless they were ordained clergymen of the Church of England. It could empower members to act as its legal representatives in any place. If for three successive j'cars its members were less than forty, or if for the same length of time it tailed to meet, it was therel)v dissolved and thenceforward all its properties were to l)el()ng to their respective trustees for the use of such pastors as the trustees themselves should appoint. All preachers connected with the Conference were later allowcc! to vote upon the filling of vacancies, and such as had been members a fixed lunnber of vcars Avere to name the President of the Conference, whom the Conference itself nnist confirm. In no other way than this could the economy of ^Methodism be preserved. It nuist otherwise br(>ak up into Congregationalism. For more than a hundred yi'ars it has worked well. The success of such a svstem, of anv svstem, nuist de|)end on the character of the men who work under it. Such has l)cen the honor, forbear- ance and l)rotherliness of the A\'esleyan ministry that disputes about doctrine and discipline have rarely occurred. Harmony and good-will have very generally prevailed. To select the one hundred on Avhom the entire ecclesiastical srovernment was to come was an unwelcome task. AVeslev did his own choosing, that, if any of the hundred and ninety-one preachers felt grieved at being left out, they might have the i>>ii(' with himself alone, and with none of his survivors. Some diil feel grieved and annoyed him not a little thereafter. Some I oked on AVesIey as a despot, fond of power. This ad Sit ;( WesJei/ and His Jnsft(uf>'o)is. 243 of his shows his jrladuoss at committing his burdoii 1o faithful iiH'ii, who shouhl, in due time, pass it to others. lie saw the need of 1h(^ step now taken. At Birstal, the tniste<'s of the chapel insisted on choosing their own preacher. He quietly arranged for the building of a new chapel in another part of the town, giving the one already there to the malcontents, hut refusing to embarrass his system by so unsafe an example. The trustees afterwards yielded and the speck of cloud passed away. The financial system of Wesley began at Bristol. There was need of money to execute plans that forced themselves upon him and every day grew larger. The people were many, but almost all were poor. He connnenced with penny collections, urging and expecting everybody to pay that. At last, "a penny a Meek and a shilling a quarter" became the rule. This was for the poorest, and none could wish to be exemjit. The results of a system which seems at first view insignificant have been im- mense. It has enforced the duty and formed the habit of giving, and, as by Christian diligence, sobr'ety and jirudence, AVesleyans srrew rich, thev have proved themselves the most irenerous of Christian givers. AVe have seen, too, how the official system grew just as naturally and noiselessly. Wesley was opposed to the employ- ment of laj' preachers, but what Wiis to be done when thousands were perishing? No clergyman would come to his help. He had "to seek out a man from among themselves.'' His mother said of ]Maxfield : " lie is as much called of God to preach as you are." So thought "Wesley. PLxhortation, exposition and lM'(Miching came on and thus there was a lay ministry. But there were more societies, far more, than preachers. One of these must serve in many towns, and thus came the itinerancy, movins: ii<»t at random, or capriciously, but as regulated from a center and in perfect harmony. HH: :t Hi; ^ IM < •"wM • t«'UI 1. •lain > -il 'f (iF ! ( i ! i 1 .A I ) 'tprrrm W i. : 1 1- 1 f f i M^ {, 1 1 M yi Li) '' 244 77/? S'fof'/ of Mi'tJifxUsm. From the nocd of !miuiiil coiisultalion and arr!inai'ing a text and sonic small engraving. Theso were, each (jnar- ter, renewed to the faithful, and its rcl'usal hy tlu? preaeher meant dismissal from the society. It, during tlu> (juarter, admitted the l)('arer to the fellowshii) of anv societv. In ITtlj, it was ruled to 1 *■ ft- <;ive "Notes of Kemoval"" to those migrating to other circuits. The bands came from the Moravians, and were close and more contidential than the classes. They were to ])e of meml)t>rs all married or all unmarried, all males or all females. They proved i.ii-Knglisli and they never grew in American soil. In 18.3f), they were struck from the American Discipline and few, if any, survive in England. Once a quarter was the love-feast, the old apostolic Agape. "Our food is only a little i)lain cake and water, but we scddom return from them without being fed with the meat which endur- eth to everlasting life." To this all the generations of Methodists of every variety say "Amen!" Watch-nights, as we saw, began at Kingswood. The colliers had long spent the last night of the year in revelry. As had early been done with Christmas, the riot was changed to a Christian festival. Wesley even kept such a night monthly, at least for a while, "on the Friday nearest the full moon." The usage has worn well, and the silent prayer which bridges the years, with the New Year's hymn that follows, are often impressive. The one in- stitution of INIethodism most endearing and universal is the lav prayer-meeting. It has been borrowed by most of the evangeli- cal Churches of the world. Well it might be ! It brings out the best talent of the men and women of the Church ; it is made rich with song and sacred testimony, and brings many a soul to the knowledge and love of the Saviour. It fell originally uj)on Thurs- day evening. In many places it is for various reasons held on lltM H Mtil t illii t I I ,.:i :lll| 'i;! II ll: ill) i ilJjh; ■ i ' 1 ^ ' t ' Ml 9M\ Thr Sto}')/ of' Mitliodl sin . \\'rilin'>ilMy r\('iiiiiL;. .'mtl. in Amciiciii Mcllmdisin. it i^ (lie I'Xiicl « I'liicr ol' cIiiiicIiIn lilt' Mild (1<'\ (iI imi. 'rill' il iiKTMin'v is Ml'ltT nil llic iiiosi >iriUiinr of (lie \\'('s!(>v;in inslitul ittiis. 'I'lic li»trs«' iiiiiihl ln' ils svniltol, ;is it \v:is on the old S.'ixon s1:ind:n!irlicsf mikI most (<\- j)rtvt>,'i, hfd t)t'tfn loni" tinifsM tl;i\ . I'lif f irf nils li;id fxt'ii lliirly ;i|i- poiiiluifnls Tor llifuionlli, nnd no ni.-in '-t:iiil on llif sMiiif finiiil inort> 1h;in two VfMi's. vMi'fly nioff llijin tnif. (.){' cirfnils. ;ii \\'f>lfv"s dfiith. llu'i'f wk'Vc in ;ill llif Kini:tlt>ni oiw Iinndrfd jind Iwfiilx . Mild llif niorf f ircnils. llif nit)rf iiinfi-Miif \ . ( )t" nolliin<:- \VMs lit' more • Iffpl sVsltMUMlif fllMlli:'*' y fon\ iiiffd lliMn ot' llif lifiiflil t)t' fonslMiit. '' 1 slionld |)i't'Mfh niy^flt" mikI llif pfoplc Mslft>j). it' 1 slionld sImv in t>nf i)lMff m VfMr." "No t)nt' whom I f \ t'l Vfl kiu'w li:is all ihf lalfiils lUM^llnl Tor l)fuinninu'. ft>nliiuiniu' iuul |HM'l\>flini:" llif work ol' i^TMf f in onf ft>n;^rfi:Ml ion. NfilluT 1:111 ho lind inMlltT t'or ]M'fMfliini:- f \ fry nioniniir .'ind fvfnin;^:'. nttr will llif ]ifoplf fonu> 1(^ lu>Mr liini." Miu'h indffd niMv h«' saiil in tMvor tU'liinf'Mnd sfttlfd jiMstorMtfs. Iml llio Mclhotlisls Mr»» nt>l likfly to nlvnulon llif iliiuMMiify. riifst> liinos even show !inionii" clhfi' C^huvfhfs ;i ifiulftuy to iVftjntMil pasltind fh:iiiir(\ ^^"f^lfy w Ms hiin^fll'thf inodcl lor his it infi'Mnls. lie iMn^hl llieni to iMff f \ CIV liMrdsliipMiid inMiiMi^f fVf ry ilitlifully. I"'vfn rulfstor tlifir Innlily liMhils lu^ i:'MVt\ '' miuI tirst lif rt>llowfd ihfin hiinsfir."" riifsf rnlfs wfTf othMi. MS w t' niiuhl ihink. sfvoi-f . hiil iinilf ms olhMi inlidlif"(Mit :ind fXffllfiit. Tlifv tonchcd n|it)ii fMtinn'Miul tlrinkiiif'. visiiif- miuI slffpini:'. fonvors:itioii ;nid m11 dfporlmf iil. I'tnu'l 1 no I Irink. l(^l>Mfft> ov Sim tV, unU>s a ii'hi^'^ t'l' •'tlt> Ml 11 iirlit at'tfr pivufhiiii:'. Tlifsf nilfs I'or thf irfMlnu'iU ot'llio body arf jrotul. and vfrv 1'fw havt^ lu'on supt ■rsodfil l>v lalfv sfioiu'C or ox per U'llff H'c-s/ry iDiil //is Inslitutinnf 247 Tho prpjirhcr wsis fo liikc no slcj) in m!iiTi!i iliiu'ranl lile was severe. Loss ol'lieallh compelled many 1(; loav(> Ihe work. Family uccmIs made many locale and eiilc^i-Imsnu'ss. Halt' of" the tirst rac(^ of preachei-s," in nimiher two hundred and eighteen, were thus driven t'i'om the work. In Amei'ica, as we t-hall se(>, greater hardships caused excii greater losses ; half tlu! preach- ers dying l)efol•(^ thirty. Half of the Knglish preachers are put down as dvini; "prematureh ." Thev endured long walks, often in the snows of winter. A\'hatever the weather might be, the preaclu>r, like a shepherd, met his Hock. Of rohbers they had h 111. I I *1 \ It : .1 ■ '.'''-■ i . 1 . .i 1 •i ^ 1 M ji t i 1 i| It 1 1 ! > .- ( ■ » i i 1 ' i .!.'!( ) ■ ' ' '■ \ ■(*.:: ■ il f; tlif .1 1 % .^Hj 4 '" i i 111? 1 ■ 1 '•'.'■ '■ ! 1 . ■ it h ; t -) : ^t !n ; ," ' ' ;■ t 1 i ■1 248 The fStoi'ij of Methodism, !• 'f^ I li i 1 «|f Ht n littli^ fear. Tli<^ I'dads were ol'tni imsalb to other men, Imt liigh- wjiytneii learned llial the i)rea('hers had u()tliiiiis|iciisiiry, in London, llic oldest existiiiir iii- -litiite of iiiedieal eliarity, is piittenieil nfter (tne wliieli \\'eslev tuiiiided Iwenty y lie sjiys. lie found niaiiy sieU and too poor to pay pliysi- • iaiis. "I will prepare and L'ive tliein pliysie inysell'." lie had studied anatomy and medicine in liis "leisure lioiirs." ( W'lieii did li(> liiid them r) I le hud as hi'lpers an apotlieoiiry and a surensarv' was connected with tlie Foundry, where lu> had also hont(>s for "sick widows," tifteen or more with whom he and his preachers ate "the sumo food at the same tal lie, an earnest of eating bread together in our Fatlier's Kingdom ! " Lastly, he created a Loan Fund for the industrious i)oor, many of M'honi in their small affairs often sondy needed a little nadv money. lie l)ei:an with fifty pounds. In a year, this I »/ ~ •-'1 » ^ niinhle capital, managed l»y two judicious stewards, loaned in iiinounts of tive to tw(Mity-tive dollars for thrise months, had aided two hundred and fifty i)ersons. Xear his death, Wesley and ("larke founded at liristol a -'traiigers' Society for the poor, sick and friendless from abroad, ^oon in eyery town there was an orirani/.ation to seek out and relieve the victims of jjovcrt}', disease and vice, " not members of our society." " By their fruits ye shall know them." AVe saw ^Methodism Iicginni Ity calliiiir men to l)e reconciled to (Jod. After fifty ■\' M'lK 11. 1 ;i Ml' 'Itii ■;\ Ii lit •iul ;•! '(■'!■' i' t 4; A'-: t. .' 250 The SfoDj of Method ittin. years, wo find it ininistorinir r,.li,.f to ovory form of human sorrow and disfross, " doing i. v«»X('(l and burdciKMl Woslcv, vet it was a tail" nit'ce .SS, ( hicfli 'I ft ! ii f.. as a x'lniiiai'v tor i^'caclicrs. After his dcalli it was liivcii to tilt' ('ducat ion ol' jd'caclicrs" sons. Soon it iiad to Ix- sn))])l('nu'nt- cd hy a like sclio(»I near Leeds. It was then removed to a ])laee near IJath. In tliese two schools the sons of j)i'eachers still receive, without diarire, for six years, tuition, Ixjard and clothinir. At Newcasth'. Wesley early foun(h'd an ()r))han House, and provided hv dcc(i lop the maintenance of forty children, with master and niisti'css. To-day. more than four hundred children aretaujrht within its walls. It L^'ive \\'e>ley " i;i'eat concern." in London, that ahundance of ehildreti whom theii" ])arents could not alford to send to school "remained like the wild ass colt." Those who went to school learned, with readinu* and writini:'. "all kinds of vice." Hi' de- termined to have them tauiiht in his own house, "without also learniui:" heathenism." He soon had sixty children ; the parents of some i)aid for schoolini:'; tlu^ irreater i)art, "heiuir very jxior." came free. All who needed it were supplied with clothiuii'. The results were most irratifyinir. Tiie children learned th(^ connnon hranches. "the three ITs." swiftly, their temper and hehavioi- im- 1 )ro^■e( 1, and thev learned "to fear (Jod and work out their own !^a Ivat ion. A\'e>ley eai'ly felt the need of a th(><)loirical st-hool and, in 1744. ho ])rop()sed to found one. Funds could I'ot he had and he post- poned it — for a life-time — makinir the Ivinirswood school do some >ervice. A^'e >hall see elsewhere tiie j)reseiit educational work of Methodi>m. The tirst trace of Sunday-schools is tound at \Vycoml»e. where, in 17(!!i. Ilaimah l\n\\. a Methodist eirl. opened <»ne for the traiii- iuij- of children i:i Scrii)ture. Twelve years later. Mi's. lii'adhurn (whose husltand was the " Deinostlu'nes of Methodism") was con- >( i. Edticafinii uiitl J^iftrdture at ]\'>;slc//'s Jjcaf/t. >53 versing at (iloucostor with Itolx-rt Raikcs. jmldislicr (I" tlio ( iJd-ncf'sfer JniiriKil. "\\\\n\ can we (1(^ tor llicni?" a.-ixcd he, liointing to irronps of street Arahs — ehiUlren, jjoor. neuh't'ted and ih'praved. "Let us teach them to read, and take thi-ni to IIMMi '» ■f :i up \h.\ '!' KullKUr KAIKI.S. rhiirch,"' said she. No time was h)st . Soon Kohert Kaikes and S()])hia Cooke were leadinir to church the van ot" the " Snnday- srliool Army."" a rauiicd train. \v(dl Jeered l»y the u'aziuii' crowd, but a yision dear to overhaniring anirels. Ifohei-t and Sdphia did ;il ., ! 1 1 il t i li ^»^ ■ h I m ' fi 254 T/te Stortf of Methodism. thoir work modostly. They little knew that they were introduc- ind the tirst one at London in 17S«), the year of Ashury's oi)eninjr the tirst on(^ in the Ignited States. AVithin two or three years, A^'esley found schools of seven or eight hun- dreds of children, and wrote from what he saw of their intluence : "This is one of the best institutions which has been seen in Eurojie for somi^ centuries." In 17!l4, Sunday-schools were introdmcd among the ^lethodists of Ireland. The literatui-e of ^lethodism at A^'esley's death consisted chielly of his own sermons and of Charles' hymns. Of the sermons, puh- lished partly as tracts and partly as l»ound volumes, w<' llnd a hundred and forty-one. The tirst series of liti --three, appeariiiL' in 1771, is named — together with his Notes on the New Testament — as the standard of theology from which any departure is to woik a forfeiture in the trust deeds i>f tho chapels and other legal proj)- erties. Manv of th(> s(M'mons are of ion. to which the revisers of our day seem ically in(h'l)te(l, lie jrave these his hist touches in 1 T-SS, liavin*; IpciTun tlieni in 17r)4. Meamvhik', however, several editions had .ippeared, and had ifone far and wide in the saddh'-hairs of the preachei's. He had also made \ot<'s on the Old Testament, which were grievously al)rid«red, for mechanical reasons, hy tiie printer, and Wesley could never iret time to restore them. The Journal is the most entertaininir work of its century. It runs from his departure forCieorgia in ITIif) to near his death — to 171*0. It was an eventful half-century, and its historian can tind its men and <'vents well i)ut in the Journal as they wore seen by a clear-eyed ItehohU'r. We tind Wesley's own travels, studies, jilans and elfoi'ts, and, beyond that, all the stir of a keen and rest- less mind. Ih' criticizes Ixtoks, old and new. philosophers, states- men and theologians. As he travels, not a featui'c of the coun- try escaix's him. and natural scenery is set forth with a lively appreciation. The Journal bears many times ri'ading, and from it all accounts of Methodism must chielly be taken. He made a Ilistoi-y of England and one of the Church, each in four vohunes, and a ( 'ompendium of Natural I*hilosoj)hy in five vdhunes. For his sihool he ]»repared grannuars of Knglish, l^atin, (iret'k, French and Hebrew, editions of th" ( "lassies, a History of Rome, treatises on Logic and Hhetoric. and an Knglish Diction- ary : of all which it may be said that he took from the studies many a clog, and gave them the ])ractical. etl'ective character which our day so appreciates. In 1711', he began to publish his ''Chris- tian Library ■" of the choicest works of ])ractical divinity. Ry 17.')."). he had i)ut forth tiftv volumes. Seventv vears later, it was 1 • % \ republished in thirty volumes. In 1778, he published the first number of the Arminian Maga- zine, the tii-st periodical of its class in the Protestant world, a ( , ,■■■'» \<- ii^ 1 ! llii \ ' \\ . JUlJiLIf': \\ IHT" ' •^it JIF !^ 1 ''ti i i I I" i i I (■ . fl \l si' !\ i }'< '■ Si i: rl i !f ! 1 2r)«i '/'/"• SInrij (if MflliDil Ism. class now so nuiiieidiis. Hcsidcs tliooloiiical rt-vicws and disous- sioiis, it i:a\(.' i*'liirioiis literature and ijcneral intellipMicc Eucli iiuinlKM- had a portrait ol" some preaeliei* or ial»orer. and the vahie ot" its vearlv voUinies to the history of Methodism is verv irreat. These many pnldieations hrouglit Wesley to have a l>o(»kstore and a printinu-honse ot" his own. "Two and lorty years ajio, hav- ine had sueh a sale as I never thouirht ot", and l»y this means I unawares became rich."' All his irains he invested in his useful enterprises, and of iiersonal funds ho left at death only tiftv dollars for his funeral ex}»cnses. AN'hat a f<2, seat- tcred his leaves like autumn foliaiie over the I'nited Kin«re works, origii»al and ahridgments, at least one hundred and sixty- eight : of poetical works in conjunction with Charles, sixty-one and of musical works, tive. These two hundred and thirtv-four works were by a man who conducted a vast correspondence, who preachetl for a life-time an average of litteen st>rmonsa week, who traveh'd tin' circumtenMice (»f oui* planet every six years, besides that which came upon him daily, the care of all the Churches. AVhen at d where was such another man born? J^ducuiion and Literature at Wes/e/s Death. ■u It is well to iioto how his prciuhinur mach^ ii market for his books and those of other men. The moral awakeiiiiiir under the l)hist of his trumpet hroui^lit on inteili'ctual awakeninj;. Wlu»r«' popula- tion was in its worst shape, the Methodists aroused the people to think l»()tli of the life that now is and of that whieh is to eome, and tiie >uU of the miners, as dark as tluMr mines, wert^ l)rih minds. The tirst hymn book of the Wesleys was issued in 17;i.S. Be- fore them were Tate and the like, most of whose shabby work has vanished. ^Nlilton had uttered a few majestic, oriran-lik«» sonjjs, and that was all our lanufuaire had wIumi Watts appeared. He was the true leader in hynm writinir, a ul this tirst Weslevan collection was lari:<'ly made uj) of his compositions. Many will still prefer his hynms to those of Wesley, thoujih he himself did not. "I would liive all I have written to have JM'en the author of 'Wrestlini; .bicob*. ('('onu', () Thou Traveler uidvuown ! 'V We saw how wiinidv the aire*! baid irre«>tt*d the vouiij; (liristian minstrel, and was glad to see his ome are linely wrou^dit and not familiar to the piihlic ear. No writer evei' used such a variety of nieteis — twenty-six in on<' hymn Ixiok — and into these flow "all passions in our frames of clay." Everythinir human, all phases of eonnnon and C'hristian ex])(;rienee : evervthiuiT that an overfull heai't mi;rht at anv time wish to say is t'ound in his easy, various and abundant utteranee. His livmns "took" with the eonverts, and they eould never sin genius in framing tunes worthy to be "married to the immortal verse." What are th(> doctrines of Methodism? "Our main doctrines are rei)entance, faith and holiness, for these include all the rcsi. The first of these we account, as it were, the porch of religion: the next, the door: the third, ivligion itself." In the experiences of the great salvation, Wesley noted three things to be distin- m H Eilid'ufinii mill IJti ratiiri' nf U's'/r'/'s l)((ith. •i.^D •niislu'd. '/iisfifii'dfinii is a work iloiic lop us Itv which ihr rcc- oi'fl iiiiaiusl us is cleared on liinii, aud \vc ai"c llicic for Clii-isl's -akc counted no loUiTor iruilt v. Jfi'i/i-nmrfinii is the coiTcsiiondini; woi'k done in us, wherelty we Ix'coine conscious ol" tiie divine I'avoi' and enter into loving", joyous tellowshii) with (hmI. Sintcfi- liciifinti is tlie cU'ansine tri'adual or instantaneous. Faith is the soul's own indi- vidual irrasp on the merit of the Saviour, and the witness of tiio Spirit is the felt, inward assurance, brought from iu'aven l>v the Holy (iiiost and revealed in the heart, of actual ])ardon. Tiiese are all the i)ositive doctrines of the svstem. lievond theses it nu'rgc's in ireneral Protestantism, and even these are hut restate- ments of the teachings of the highest standards of the theological world. It was the clearness, force and earnestness of this re- statement that gave ^lethodism its doctrinal success. Such was Methodism at the death )f Wesley. All its branches have preserved the original family features. Keasons for separate organizations have now and then arisen, but their likeness, not wholly kept nor wholly broken, is such as ought to abide among sisters. 17 W '111 1 I ! 1- t ?«i. .w .«■ i(i I I t' I Ntlji. Til" " 4>.v^''^ - • ,*- CFIAI^TKIJ XX. J/<'//ti)(iisiii l-Jntcrs Fniiin', HK spivjul of iMcthodisiii l:i'y(iiiil - Kiiiiljiiid was ol'li'ii iVoiii IK) tonuiil intention, but iVon' sonu' easy and natural iiici- ^4 (lent. A\'o .saw how it went to tho West Indies l>y a ])lanter from AntiiTua and liis two slaves, whom AVesh'V met as they Mi're stayinir in Enirland. These had jrathered in their island lifteen hundred memlnM's, before a preaehei- eame. After like maimer, it went to the Chaimel Islands to reach tiieir people, and so to all islands of tlu^ British seas. A native of the Isle of Man, removing to Liverjiool, heeamo a Methodist. He remembered his own iK'ople and entreated John Ci'ook, a preacher, to visit them. C^'ook went and jjassed the old ordeal of mobs with theii- violence, and tlu^ clerii'v with their exclusions. The work spread. Wesley went and i)reached to wondering, listenini;- crowds. At a later day, he found all opposition vanished. Twen- ty-two local preachers met him. "I never saw so many stout, well-looking preachers together." He found that never yet ii any connnunity had his j)reachers met such success. " ^^'hat h;i,' l)een seen like this?" Fifty years after ("rook's coming, the islanc had ones Methodist in lifteen of its population, and its materia" tlxtures were I'xcollcnt. Methodmn Enters France. 261 Tho Xorniiin ishiiulcrs spoke no KM^li>h, smd tlicir roliirion nnd iiiiii'iility uiTc of low (Ic^xrcr. Lc Siiciir. a .Icrscyiuan, wont ovci' the oc'ciin to trade in Ai'wtoimdland. 'I'Iut*^ lie heard a ^lelliodist ])i'eaelief, and ivtunied to .Jersey in a luiiid wliu-li liis neiirlil><>rs and even liis wife counted niadness. Fentin, a Newfoundland eon- vert, eimu! to his hrlp. Le Sueui', after l()n did also his wife. Soon twelve others were with them and a new lite l»e;j:an in the island. Lc; Sueur heiran to preaeh in French. A pious sea-captain came, then a reuinient of which some soldiers were Capt. AVel)l)'s converts. These wrote for a ])reacher wiio coidd speak hoth Hnglish and F'rench ; "then the Gospel would siiino over the islands." IJrackenhury, author of "My son know thou the Lord !" a wealthy layman, master of both tongues, went to preach to them. Ills servant, Kilham, was able to preach in his master's dlncss or Jibsence. He at length became founder of the "New Connection" Methodists. Here in Jersev, Adam Clarke then took his baptism of the storms. He was pulled from his pulpit ; his life was endangered. His sermon in French, when oiuhr was restored, is a mastei'ly appeal. His foes became his warmest friends, and societies were formed all over the island. Arrive had conui from (luernsey to Jersey to remonstrate with his two sisters for becoming Methodists; he went home a ^leth- odist hiinsclt". De (^uetteville, whose French hynms are yet sung in the islands, followed him, and after nnich tribulation he planted Methodism in (iuernsey. Then Adam Clarke went to Alderney. \(tt a person did he know ; he was like one on a new planet. Stopping from some inward impulse at a poor cottage, he was met like an expected guest, and, when they learned his errand, they gave him the house and gathered him a congregation. After somion, as he was resting, he was called to jireach to a new gath- ering, and for three days he was under invitations and constantly pioaehinff. "We wish vou would iro back no more," thev ten- • i '1! <>, II I'll I '*! 1*1 ! I **' i\ I 1 ■ i I n 262 T/if' Sfor>/ of ^letJiodlioii. (Icrly siiid .-il his l('a\ iii«i. Tlius (|iii('tly raiiio Alctliodisiii into Aldcnicy. W'cslcv thru ciimc lo the islands. A furious storm nearly wrct'kcd 11.:' vessel. LeaniinL'" its daiii.''<'r, " \N'e cried miirlit i- ly unfo the Lord and He heard us." He lahored two weeks in .Vlderney Avith lull, youthl'id zeal, and in the othei* islands he ic (cived every attention. Thus the islands wei"e added to tin- domain of tho revival, and nowhere have the results been more '.'"ratifying. AVesley valued the.se Freneh soeieties all the more, for he :im(1 lu8 eye upon France, and tln'so wei'e outposts ami points o' de- parturc. Tho Protestants of the fair land soi-ely needed a renewal. Popery and iuHdelily eouHned and weakened them, aiu'i deatli among them seemed stronirer than life. In 17!tO, De (^uetti^ville went over to Normandy and ])reached in many villaiics. I))-. Coke also went over, and at Courcello ordained iVfahy, a local [)reaclier from Guei'usey, the first Afethodist ordained in Kuropc. Coke hired ii i)reaehing-place in Paris and De (^uetteville ))rea( li- ed tlu^ Hrst Methodist sermon in the thcMi stormy cai)ital of France ^Tahv, after nnich success down the west coast, where Catholic^ and Protestants both sou<;ht the solace of his word in these hitter times, fell upon tierci; persecutions, health and brain gave way, ami these evangelists fi-om the islands had to return home. Anioiiir th(^ French refugees on Knglish soil was a Catholic nobleman, Dc Pontavice. lie betame u ])reacher and, returning to Fiance in 1X02, was most jrladlv welcomed hv tho societies gathered under Mahy. After tluj original Wesleyan i)olicy of a litth; Church. ;is a reviving oenter within a largo one, this man joined the French Protestant Church, tho Church that had given to tho faith iiKin' martyrs than any other in Europe, but which was now, undti- Napoleon and tho Atheistic fury, in weakness and decay. It was, however, the dnirch whoso do])uties had well said to a persecutmg King: "Hemember that the Church of Cod is mi f ' ! I Jfcf/Hiilistn h'nfci's Fnnm 203 iinvil on which niaiiy a hammer has |)()im(l(' (h-t-p iiii|ir<'s>i(iiis mi his ('(niiitrymcii, and ill Ills ti'ium)ihaiit th-alh he uructl flic socictio that he had n'st'iu'd iVom th(^ tidc^ <»t' iiiiiiodliiK' tl M'li rumiiiiir sli'oiio; in Fi-aiu'i iiyiuL' : "Only he t'aitht'iil ami all will he well." It mav Ii('i'(^ l>i! said, ihonjrh in adNaiicc (»t' oiir Stot'V, tliat i\ lO next approach of ^[i'lhodism to France was thron;jfh the prisoiuM'.s of war. loase, a prt-acher who went amoji^" these poor men on KiiLdish ships, did his work with a j)erniit from the irovernment, ()htain«'d )>y Hnlterworlli, a hiyman, hrothei-in-law of A(him Clarke, and memlier of Parliament . 'I'Ih* pool* ])ris<)ners heard him jrl.idly and he softened llu^ rigors of their fate on the "cold, cruel side of war."' He furnished li))raries and tracts, comforted tin' SK k and dvinir. and the converts amonjj: them took home tlu' llihles at the return of peace. "Peace ))»' with you I" was Toasir.s lii>t text to them. "Wm found us naked." said they with tears, "and you clothed us ; in ))rison and y<»u visited us I" Methodism m France, as indeed all spiritual rt'liirion. has had a hard tune. Atheists and IJomanists alik<' have pei'secuted it, and its strnirirles, reverses and suireriiiL^"^ hav*^ outdone any in purely heatlMMi* lands. After tlu^ hatth* of Waterloo, Charles Codk Itecame for forty years the foremost Methodist laborer, and on a small scale did as well and wisely as ^^''esley had dono in Kni^land. There are now in France ahout two thousand Method- ists, 'i'hey have a c(tniplete or^ani/ation and an increasiiiii ])rospei'ity. Few as tln'y are in a jx'ople of thirty millions, "a (Todked and pervcrs<^ nation." they have aide was any one here lo preach the word of (Jod wilh powev. .a niullitude would soou l»e ohedient to the faith. "' In 1 7711, pre.aeheis from Poi'tsiuouth eaiue and ISIethodism was <'stanlished. Six years latei- AN'esley found that "th(^ work ot" (Jod had prospered thei'«'.'' No tnu't in this century has been read with deliiiiit so wide and salutaiy as "The Dairyman's DauLditei'." Lciu'h Richmond, a clerjryman in \\'ii:ht, was one day called to attend the t'unerjil of H youJig Avoniiin in a remote ))ai't of his ))a'Msh. Her father, venerable in yeai's and reverent in l»eai"in;i', had hi-ouirht a note from liis survivinir (hiuirhter. lie was a laborer, whose earniuirs Avere, with the ])r()ime«? of a small dairy, the sup|)()rl of hi> family of five or six. 'Y\w writer of th(0<'tter I'ad " let"t a iroud j)].ice'" and come to the help and coml"()i"t of lier hotue. Four of fh(^ family she had ((uietly hrouirht to ('hrist, a.nd the rustic home was a house of ( iod, a uate of he.aven. .Vt the t'unei';d. Kichmond was sti'uck with Ihe sei'eiu^ and i)leasinir l"ace. warmed with a i:l()W of devotion, of this. now. only daui:hter. A ))ower I'ested in il, and a hard man was melted whih the burial servi»'e was proceedin;!:'. From this u'irl. K'ichmond i\as i^iad to leai'u relii;i(in. as the wisdom of the wise could not teach it. .*/ I'silt h'll/l I'S /•'f'l/lrid, n<'ar hy, or Teimyson'rt Ketreat, and ^ens ot" thousands read tln' Christian Idyl of her life who have lu-ver heard of "The Idyls of the Kinir." The younir woman had been converted under the labors of a preacher, James Cralth. One of her l>i-othe!s was t'oi' forty years a useful local |treacher, and a chapel near the simple cottage of her })arent> stands as if it were hei- momiment. The Scillv Isles weie not^.rious as tln' home of snmirjrh'rs, if not of wreck( rs and pirat«'s. ,Iosej)h ^u'clill'e, pi'eachinir at Land's Knd, was moved to ufo ovei* and help these pool* jieople. On his second \isit, he was kept l>y contrai'v winds tor thn'o months and I'oi'med a society of thirty-three. Thus the mai'L^ins of Hn^la\id in its southern streak of sdver >ea felt the thr(ti» of the, newness of its rcli;.nous life. 'Wnd the i>lcs shull wait for Ills Law ."' <\ "^ -^^^^<^L.2^^^ ^ ^•^~ H ^i !"'!I ;: Ill" ■' !;iJ! f: :>l I I -m ( HiH! I.. 4 CHAPTER XXI. .{j'fer l.'.c Dpdth of WesJe>/. KSLKV (lied iiitlui Tnrinito poaco, and i'uli of !i()})<^ for liis people-, in view of the ability of the men raised up around him, the (•hanion with wild delight, as if they sii\\ in it the pi'omisc ;i;id ])ot(>ncy of a new ordei' of blessings to mankind. iJoth classi'^ felt lh(> instability t)f human in. Satan was not idle at -\vA\ a ci'isis, and by a strange providence a man rose up to do liim eHectiv(> sei'vice. "Tom Paine" did more liann to thrtc generations of l-jiglish-speaking men than A^ftnr (he Lnulh of Wrsh ;/. 2(57 iiuy on<5 who cvd* used llic Eiiulish liuiuuiip'. IT'" was boi'ii in lJi2fl;»ii(l. l)iit iTiiint'd liis lioiiors in America, where his paiuphh't, "(ommon Sense." ehaiiiicil (liscontoiit iiilo revolution. .M'ter an tiiri'irelie eai'iMM". whieli won liini lioiioi's and e.sla<(>s, \\n\ "pipini^ times of peace'" wer(^ loo (aine lor him. lie. went to Franc*^, 1mm ame a eiti/en. and was lionored in the " Keign of Terror'' with ;i celi and a narrow escape from the irnillot ine. As he. passed to ])rison. he handed to Hai'low, an American, the mamiseript of a liooU, '"riie. Aire of Keason." that diiil its ahsurdity and au(hicity amounted to souK^tlnui:^ like jjfenius. It sliowed what Cioctlio calls "tho demoniacal faculty." This l)()()k spread, with tho enerlace. \o mau living could center in himself such love, trust an intent and nietuiing, and thence came contro\ crsy. '' Shall the >ii(i'aments be administered in tlii^ chapels?'' To this such Meth- inli-is as had been trained Churchmen naturally .said no; those nitiir from the l)issentei's said yes. The leader of the atlirmativc was Kilhani, who iiad been Pn-acken- luii'\'s servant in Jersew lie was eiwri'i't ic, tenacious ot' o')in- iim. and not inlirm of juirpo^e. Kven before "Wesley's death ins iiiiinl ua>. '■ Let us have the lilM-rty of I'jiglishmen and givi; the kind'- Su)>i)er to our xicielie-. I"' Discussion of the (juestion, which ^^^^j •i) : '■'Ii i * f '! ifHII H .,;. ■ii iM Id' >« tttiii i I f M ' 1 ''I »i u .1 i; i; ' .1 ■ I : j 2ns Tlif Shn'i/ i>f MiIIukI Isiil . had (Imiiiir tlu' year lifcii iiLnlatcil liy ciiviilars, cnmo on in tli(^ ('f)nf('i-«!iicn ol" IT'.IJ. \\'lu'M IK) i'IkI rniilil 1>«' i-faclicd. tlic matter for tlic year was j)ray('i't'ully <'onniiitt»'y the ( "onferene*'. It was now ordered that no itinerant shonld seek oi'dination or hold me«'t iny tho one appointed hy the i\n\- ference as "Assistant." ■^ ,1 AI.KX.VNIICK KII.IIAM. wei'e connniHee (»n tli<' all'aiis of the district. They were to choose one of (heir oN\n nnmher as a niendx'r of the " Stationinji; ( 'onnnittee." mIio nut thr«'e days of lh<^ week helorc! C onf'ereiice to prepare the ap})oiiii- nients of the followinir vear. AltlMuiiih the l>eed allowed a niMii to reiiiahi three years in one ])lace. the term was now chani/cd \o two years. The deliale alMiiil the s,"'raineM;s w a-i of coiir>e resnme tlicii' trlt duty so tti tlo. and soon " we wcfc as unu'li divided ;is cvci'." KilliaiM was I'nrc iio>t in tlic discussion. This year, he was in Sco'land wiicrc, the ( 'hui'cli not Itciny; llitTc, th(>n' was nothinu" to hin(h'r him iVoni cUtini:" as he lik«'d. In IT'.i.l. the ('ont'crcncc oi'dcn-d that where any society sliouhl luianiuiously wish the, sacraments, tht'se shouhl he achninistei'cd, and that full coimexion with the ( 'oul'ei'ence shouhl he counted or- (hnation suflicient without the layinir on of hands. None ol" tlu^ |ii'each<'rs w<'re to use cassocks, nowns, hands, or surplices, or to he called " K'everend." So wei'c "clerical |)i-etensions *' avoided. Tlie )»eril of division was hy |)i'ndence and ))iety t'oi' the t inie avert- ed, and Kilham's en( iL''y was turned airainst theatei's and horse- races. Nolhin|ii' was as \kA |)ennanently settled. " \N\' I'eally have no iioverument ." said Pawson. ))resident in IT'j;?. " Kpiscopal l'ov- cniiUiMit will suii our |)resen( ))lan tar hettei' than Preshyteriaii. Ti! j)resei-v(^ all that was valuahle in the Church of Huiiland amontr l!if Methodists, Mr NN'esley ordained Di'. ( "oUe and Mi'. Mather to he rjishoi)s. lie (h'siiiiied that they should ordain others. Mr. Matlier told us so. I -isnv/tdy wish (hat they may he allowed to Ite what they ar<'. We must have ()rdmati»»n at any I'ate." it is airreed that I'awson was rinht, and that in his plans tor Anjt'rica. includinir the oi'duiation of ('oUeaud Ashury as liishops, Wesley sho\\ the wealthiest and ahlest layiiK'nand trustees nol»ly concuri'ed. Killiam and his friends opposed all lhi> viuoi-ously, demandini:' that the preai Sfnn/ nf Mcfhodis in. 'Pile ('ont'crcncc (tf 17!' I >t:i\ rd nil" llic issues l)y ;ill()\vir.ir the Loi'd's Sii|>|MT. l»M|)t ism :iii(l Imi'iiil l»_v llic prcaclici's (tiily wlioro "l(i\(' jiikI coMcord <':m l»c Ihcrrhy proiiKilcd." Tlic crisis cMiiic in Uristol in the lii>l cliiipcl ot" Wesley's biiilil- iiiLf. Henry Mooi*'. llie pr<'!ielier. was in lavor <»l' the saenunents in the eliapel. Tlie Irnstccs, licini;" (»|)p()Se(l lo wliat lliev kli<>\v lie would do. i)))tained a wi'it nl' injunetion to keep liim tVoni ju'eaeliinii" until tlu- is>u»' he lei:ally detmuined. Ilcwriit iutotlie l)ulpit. rcMtl tlie injunetion. and then, loihtwed Ity all hut twenty ol'tlie eoULi'i'eiiat ion. went to another eliapel. where "the NVord ot* (iod wa> not ItoiMid." 'Phis hlow at itinerancy. I>y iiivnig- tnisti^es control ol'tlie pulpit, was approved hy some of the j^reat-lu'r.s and l(»okcd disastrous. If Moore was not sustained, the sys- tem inusi 1^(1 to pieces. Auain love ])revai]ed. Aftei* a day of fastinirand prayer, the trustees of tlu^ chap«'l where Moon; was t'lijoined transt'eri'ed their i)ropcrty to those, of tlu' chapel to which he had let ii't-d. and Methodism in Bristol was whole ai.f'ain. At the next Conferenc*'. 171i."», was completed a " I'lan of Pacilicution." 'Pile >acranients and hurials. also divine! servii-e in "chun-li lOUl' aft«'r the e »nsent of the ( '(Hit'erence. must he det«'rminctl hy a majority ot' the trustiM's. stewards and leaders — i. e., of the (Quarterly ( 'onference. 'Plie Lord's Supper should not he had at tin- chapels on the same Siuidays as at the churches; that it he <•(» nducted riccordinii- to the ( hiii-cli KMtual ; that the Liturirv, "NV ley's Ahridi:iiienl i>t'il.l the Lessons in the Calendar, he u•^{•^\ \\heiie\ei'. in I'-iinlaiid. diviiie ser\ice should he, held al "churcii hour-""; that the a|)po!iilmeiit of the preachers he solely with I he ( 'onference. and no excln-ion of llieiii I'rom iIki pulpits h\ the truslee dl mow ei I. Pl'eaclieivs. w lien accused. Uliu'ht h\' ;i inajorily \ute ot' the trustees, o r ot' the .>te\\ards and leaders, h hrou;:iil to trial hefore the pieacliers ot' the (li-lrict ami tli(> (^nai teij\' ('onference, and, if I'ouikI .luiltv, he i'cmoveil from tli circuit Afh:r (liu JJvalh "/■ Wiyfi;/. Tli»'s«' inoMsiircs ])i'()(liiccrt y iiiuoiii:' t lit' I't-dplc ( 'a lift I .Mc|lnMli--l^."' Tlicii rami Ills " Mclliodistic Riill." I'»»'t\vt'cii llic i'i>U of tli-lnyally to llic ci'dwii and liostilily to riccdoiii. Ixdli wliicli were cliarut'd ai;aiiisi tliciii, till" piTaclit'is iiccMird the wisdom ol" tlic x'i'pciil and the lariiiU'ssiic () fllir doNc. Ill IT'.'C). Killiani \\a> ltroiii:lil to trial — a very historic event in Mellindisui. His late eondnet had I'oreed some action. In jn-eseiiee ot" the ( 'ontei'enee he svas asked it" he had not on joininy^ llie Connection received a copy ot" the lartte iiiniutes (^f)i!le to Scripture U'e airree NO /}/r with the Koran: we airree with these rule lecause we iielieve tlieni mirccdlilr lo .Scri|)tur( hir 1< H( e made no aii- >wcr. His char*.:*'.'* a iiiinu' \\:i^ >tru( k Iroiii it> ro 11. St ill oiii' liiofc ('Hurt \\:i^ tli:i(l(> Id will llilli ItiK'k, ImiI the tiliiil vote \\m>: " i Ic collhl li;i\i iio |)l:irr ill ilic ( 'oiiiicct ion while lie colli iiiiifd ill lii> prociit ojiiii- Ions. llcwriil lorlli Mini Ik'U'mm rotindiiii:' the " M('tlio
  • t New ( 'on- iicclioii." Into this :il)oiit live thousand went with liiiii. Tlici! chirl" diircrtiicc iVoiii the Wcslcyaiis is that th(< laymen have e(|nal voice with the eleri:\ in ('Inireli noveniinent . TIicn' iimiiher no w about thirty-three thousand ineinliers. ot' whom a lew are in Ire- land, and alioiit ten thousand in ('aiiada. Their president, in lSM». was Dr. 'rownsend, whose father aided Killiam in t'oundiiii: the .\«'W ( 'olllieel ion. The eri>is now passed and discipline was pn!S(;rV(Ml. TheCoii- lereiice rejoiced w illi excee(liiiii' laity should remain as in Wesley's time, or whether they should share, even possess, the appoint iiiu' power, and direct in the inat- t«'r ot'tlie sacraments. At last, in 1 71>7. the adjustment het ween the Conrerence and the trustees of the chapels, as met in convention, was complete. To the Conference remained its riiiht of appoint- inu' IIk' prea«'liers and coiitridlini:' the pulpits: a majority of the (Quarterly Coiifereiice ha\ iiiv ihc riii'lit to demand at any time the trial of any preat-her l»y the clerical olli<'ers of tli(^ cii-cuit l»y whom Im" miu'ht he susjieiided until the next ( onfereiice. Tli«' sacraments also were to l>e adminisierccl in the chapels, and many other con- cessions were urantcil t(> the societies — i. e., to the laity. '' riius. hrethreii. we liav<' eiveii up the trreatesl part of our ex- ecutive u'overnment into your (HIS |)ul>lic meet iiiii's."" hand s, as renresi uited in \()ur vaii- In all these Ncars of the coiitrover->\' Methodisiu went on Lir( )W iuii". i"or (leliate did not hinder preai-liiiin'. ( )ver thirty thousand Afhr till- Ihiii}, ,,f' )IV.-/ dt-MlIi : i,|._.llt \ ->ix IIMIIK'^ were :I(|(1(m| to IJic ( '< niriM-cilcr li-t. lM'->i(lc> lilliliLl' ill,, ,(.\ rill \ ->i.\ liliiiik^ iii;i(li' I'v (Itatli. (Icltilii y. or (li'lrcl imi. l)iii'iiii:' tlii'x' Nfiif^. -(•iiic iin'ii of \\\y\x<' i:il"l^ (Miiir iiiln llic ( 'mi- t'cic.u'c. men. who in \:iri<»iis \v;iy-* nidcil tlif worU wiiliiii it miil ",i\(' it L:'t>«». now i!i,il llif\- >«•(• llu- rise and full progrt-ss of tlie system, will iiol caro I,, licMi' parliculiirly. It was linic lor iho ilifoloi^iaii to a])|it'!ir.{ind I hi- was l!!i-h)iril Wat- s', n. I he most cmiuont |iicaclu'i'ot'tlit' ut'xt iron- f la I i t» u , grca t «'sl as oiaior. as socrotary, and ;i- author. lie caiuo into the inin- i>try at sixteen, ali'eady lall ot' slat life and iid- vaiieed ill classic sludii^s. lie liad a la>le lor mot- ;i|tiiysics. and in piejiar- i II ^!- I o discuss some knotty point ot" ( 'al\ in- i-iii he had ii'one to u'l't ;iimiinenl> l>y hearing a i»reachei'. Instead (if aigumcnts he gain- rd deep and keen religious convictions, and in a lew days came to |i;irdoii and peace. "() what a day was tliat !"' said he long after. Ill' at once liegan to study, and soon was exhorling. His lir-t M iiiioii was III a cotlai:*' Ml r>ooihl»y on \\w day after he hecame lil'ieeii. He wfiil Oil prea«'liing, not wiliioiil some taste of riol and ai)us(>. I»nt making deep impression>, and lu' was soon culled Ki;v. uicii Aid) w crsoN. > iii»^ ;, I tit I IK , IM I lit I ••I; Hi IK i •loll I '! I I I . If If /I 'II 1 1 v^B'*^ ?r ■'ill L>71 Jo lllf ( 'olirclTllcr \ i'Iiiil:. iiiilf>> it Thr Stni-if itf Mi/I,,„l!.s ///. Ill mII it- lii-liii\ it IiM- H "i . ;•(! iim K' so M- It, I'n-t IT. llnW !l \ clirrMlill' r>i-ll(ijl dl the M. I]. ( IiiiitIi ill Aiiici'ic'i. All IT ti\ I' \ I'Mi'- III" Iim I'll >(T\ icr :inil -i'\ iTc -IikIn . lie 1(11111(1 liiin- ■>fir rliMi'L''*''! w illi Ik'I'csv — !i irrciiinllf--. lnil :iiimt\ iiii:' mihI >\\il'il\- ('irciihiliii:.''. cIimi'lm'. He ;iric(| iiii\\i>flv — | \i>lily n'tii'iiiir iVniii ('oiirci'ciiic. niliTiiiL'' scciiliir Imsiiir-s svillimil >ii( r("'>, iiiid tii-n ItfcdiiiiiiL:' ;i |>r('.*iclici' ill l\illi:inrs New ( 'niiiicclidn. In InIl*. In \V!ls w ('Icdliicd l»iirk to the ( 'oiircrciKc ;ili ill (•iiir its Inii-. Iliost IMMM. lie tditU lip the (Tnilid III' Met liiM|i>in ill tlic \Mii'l<' Mild lol'lv lirvoiid iiiiv oilier li\ iiii: iircMclin . The iiii>sioii!iry cniisc, ciiihodicd for yciirs in ( 'oki-, :is M('tliodi>iii ilscirii;i(| once itccii ('iiilMidicd ill W'rslcy. Irll into lii> liiuids. A ])lf:i uiiirli lie made lor it in liondon. iNl*!, pt'ovcd liiin cmIIciI ti, lie its iiiiidini:'. riicriri/ini:' spirit. lie was made a s«'(T('laiy of tlic New \\'<'sh'yaM Missioiiaiv Socii'lv wliicli succeeded the personal inanaL'eineiit of Coke. jMid in 1S21 lie hecaine its resident (periuaneni ) secretary. \\\ lie hejiaii llie service of tlie society, its income was thirty-live tli sand dollars, its niis>ionari»'s were sixty, its converts were til't thousand. Me left it with two Inindred and lit'tx' thousand dollar leil ou- eeii s ol income, one hnndi-ed laborers, and i"oi*ty-toiir thousand c(tiiin\iiiii- caiils, and the society stretchinir itself to re;ich all tiie heathen world. If we may trust Kohert Hall, tlie irreatest Uaptist preach- er of our first half-century, Watson was a iiTeater preacher than Hall himsi'lf. Allowiiii:" much to Hall's generosity, we may coiiiil Watson the peer of the _L''reat IJaptist. Pale, siiUly and treinii- loils, he made heart'l's of every class feel the j)resence ;ind tlir touch of a master. Hail was so enchanted l>y one of lii> sernuui- that he could for a lonir time think of nothinir else. The preadi- er*s soul came out in speech, and with no action or WMs Mil Illiw t:irif( IwriltT. Soutlicr, (he poet I/iuroati'. li;i(l rittcii W'fslcv's lilr iVuiii ;i worMly :iinl litri-ai'v \ir u Wilt- Ill's " ( )li>fr\ III i">ii« " -t I Siiiiilif\- iii:lit. Mild \\'Mr-«iir' " Lil"t' of Wc-li'V ■" liM^ Immomk' tlu' tlassicMl (iiic. Hi". " 'riMMi|(»;^ical liisti- tiilcs "' MP' >lill M .-Imi-i ^iiidv . rw i-cd l»y Dr. M.('liiit(>ui»('i>(Mlt'd. lie -tMiid> willi AdMiii ClMrUc, -Miiir vcar-^ lii> x'liior: with liuiitiiiir snid Nfwioii. wlm cMiiir a lit- ilc iMtfi- M-. llii' rt'irc^ciitMtivc iiKMi (if Kiii:Ti-li Mt-ilindi-iii in llio lir-l liair "I" oiir cciilury. U I 3 !J!:!p) ' "1 1 !1 1 A \vi>Li:\ ^ ii;i:k. 18 i I V'h WA 'n II II i: :; ii:,; ,i; .1 , ■ » I ' I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V2 ^ /a /a 'e),. m. % \>' "5^%/ si'"* '/ 1.0 12.5 1*5 "" .8 |5 = lllll^^ ■^ i^ Hill I.I i;. I4& 1.25 — 6' Photographic Sciences Corporation 2.0 1.8 1.4 IIIIII.6 23 WEST MAIN STRECT WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 '&>< t<'.r ,J .i_,BIHIP 1 ih ^i; I .1 CIIAITKIJ XXIi. Smnp ^f('f//n(/is/ ]\')//n'ii. — 77/r ViUmn' JthirksiuifJt. graviiii; of that scene. Ann Cutter arose to aid (Iraniwell at Dew.sbury in a irrcnt revival in wliieli, on an Easter dav, liftv were converted. At'tcr- Li IffllHV: Snnir Mi-fliml !,' M i ■ {' ' ' 1 *♦ 1 1 s u. .:! ' 1 ■ i 1 • ' li 1 i • • .1 : 1 ' 1 ■ ■ ■ i ! i 1 i i ! 'i I i I' '; I I ■If' -^ J*|- ■< li !!li ill I ill 278 The Kitorij of Jlrlliodisui be realistic — u puiiitcr can add no charins to a rose. His success is perfect it" lie jjaiiit it a.s // w. Seth Kvaiis (not Adam), her ]uisl)and, ^vas a uscl'ul locid preaclier in ])erl)ysliir('; Avlieu she began her public labors. Ww girlhood had been one of '' beautiful years." A conscientious childhood was the portal to a maiden life of personal grace and beauty, and she soon entered the sphere which AN'eslev Imd opened for the gifts of Christian ^vomen. She preached in cot- tages and in the open air, and the rudest crowds heard with reverence. She went totheal)odes of dark- ness, the prisons and poor-houses, to the haunts of sin and shame, and even on the gallows stood by a murderess to aid and comfort her. Elizabeth Fry, the Howard of Quaker- ism, found in her a kindred spirit. Seth, then a class leader, went to hear her preach. His simple account gives no hint ot' his personal cnamoring. After their mari-iage, her infliumce amis felt even more widely. Seth and Dinah often walked on a Sundny fifteen miles to pr(>:uh in benighted districts, in baras, or in the open air. They founded ^Fetliodism in many places, und even From Harper'!: Uf /./;/. DINAH EVANS. Sohie Methodist ]Vo)urii. — 7'//e \'t'/hi'/e Jihivksndlli. L'T'J f1 ' II yet \\\v\\\ liiii:-crs mI Ivoysjou mihI Milllioiisc soiiu; V(!iu'ral)li' wit- nesses 1(1 IIk^ rMillll'lll l.'lhors of llie (leV()fe : "one ol'llie most ])ur('-iuindecl and lioly Avoiiien tlijil ever adoiMied the ( 'liiireli of ( 'lirist on eiirth," Selli \v;is in i-iiiiis. llis lieidth sind liis lacultics u'MN-e siway Itenealli the l)h)\\, and lie spent a lew leel)le, teai't'nl years in humhh^ services to the ])oor, tin; sieiv and the dyinn', and then rc- Idined llis u'il'ted wile " uliere M'rit't' lorii't^ts to uToan and lovo to weep.*' Cn'orgo Eliot, whethor she cared mncli oi' littl(> foi- li(>r own >()iil, kceidy saw what charat-ter was hei'c, and its ])ow(M' to touch human hearts was in these lunnhle ones ot" whom oiu; said, "lie did not helieve our ilrst ])arents in Kdon wore purer than they." Dinah Evans and the Dairyman's Dauahter, liviriL'' Jit the same time, one in Dm'hyshire and one in the Isle of A\'i2'hl, are cnihalmed, and worthily, one in sacred and the otluu' in lictiomil literature, to Ix; read for many generations. Samuid ITick Avas a man of miu'htv frame, a Yorkshire black- smith. lie had heard Xelson when too young to imderstand hira, hut tlu^ vision of a brave man facing a howling mob never faded from his memory. He was in York on AVhit ]\[onday, with sucu a crowd asAVhite- tield had found on the sami; day at Mooi'iields. A preacher from 11 iireaehing-block beiran to sing when a chivuvmau loudlv threat- mod to ])ull him down from the l)lock. Hick, who was listening, doubled his mighty fist : "If you disturb that man of Crod, I will drop you as sure as ever you were born I" Tie then conducted tlio frightened cleruyman to the l)order of the crowd an 1 returned to the preaching. lie afterwards traveled scores of miles follow- ing' uj) the pr(\ichor. TI(i went to hear AVesloy, "an angel of (i(»d."" hl^ thought, and all tlu; while his com'iction that there was nothing good in himself was deepening. It grow into an agony ( »• ■H \ 4 ' .1 \ X \ :; ^^'J ^:l . ,! ^ 1- V ['. 1 ; 1 S i. i y ■ t mm I ■ ' Hii 280 77^c /S/o/'y r>/' ^L.'tliod ism. and llicii cMinci IIk; Ciosjx 1 rclici". His zciil \\\ opcc (l.-mitwl like ^IcliiDclilhoirs. " r tlioiiulil I cdiild iiuikc ;ill llic woi'ld I»clic\c when dayliu'lil !i|)p('ai'('(l I" II('\\<'iil lir-Mo a landlady. "W'linl. liavo y(ai bccoinc a Mctliodisl ? Voii were uood hctoi'"."' "She would iiol Ileal' inc.'" lie Weill away and prayecl t'or her. W'lieii li(! caiiie l»aek, slie was eryiiiL;' al llie door. " Tlie Lord u:a\e me lli(^ lirst soul I aske(l inr I" Hick weiil on |)()Uiidiiiu' liis aii\il aiKJ prcucliing' IIk; (Jos[)el. " N'early llu; wliolo town caiuc to my shop and T was always at tlieni I"' iris l»iou"rai)liy is lull of wonders told most artlessly. ^V younu' ladv i'od(i to Ids shop tor tlu; shooiniic of lun* ])aHV('V. She was dclicut(!. " Dost thou know, chihl, that tliou hast a soul ? Tluni hast ono Avhcther thou knowest it or not, and it will live in haj)- piness or mis(uy forever." She Avent home serious. Iler father, angiy, hurried to the smithy and with a eluh irave Iliek a hlow on his side, that almost felled liim. Hick turned and lifted his arm: ''TTcre, man, hit that, too." The fathei-'s fury f(dl and he went awa\' astonished. ( )n his death-l)ed, lu^ sent for Hick, to heir pardon. "Pardon thee ! I have nothing against thee, but we will pray and see if the Lord will forgive thee." The man died in hope ; tlie daughter and her two ehildren became Christians. This man and a company of prayer leaders kept aU Yorkshire stirred, and for fift}' years he was an irrepressible Lil)orer. The diligence of his strong hand made him rich, and ho then gave all his time to the Gospel. His prayers were to some a terror. A man proposed to knock him downi — he dropped on his knees to i)ray and the man ran. A miser r(!fused to '."" Some J\f('llt(>(list Wdiiicn. — 77/'' ]^i//(i>/i' JilKik.iiiiiili. L*^il "It ish fiTV tiiu>. \'al Ix' ti^ Ix'slit m-ws in tc city':'"" " Tliiit Josus Christ is imrdoiiiiiL,'' sinners I" '' Tull' !iniit liis kind and iVtink manner Avas rarely met ho rndoly. At lliree-seoi-c; lu^ died. ()t'1]iis vil!a!re Maeksmilli it iniirht b(! said in tlio noblest sense : " Toilinff , rejoicing, sorrowing, Onward through lifo ho goes; Each morning sees some taslc begin, Each evening sees it close; Sonietliing atternpled, something done', II:i« earned a iiifrht's renose." (I'l|!| /"•ri 1 '\ in •liiiM' l< tip nil II' '^ i r ■I V s;! 1, ■ ■ ti f I t IJ 'I I1 (a I! •If! C'TTAPTER ::xiii. At thr Brriinninrf of T/n's Century. ^K.C'()Ki:,Mlioloy!illylovo(ltlio Cluircli, "svislicd the soi-icties to be hold ;is jiii annex or ex- tension of it. In Ills view, if the Bisliojjs Avoiild ordain a certain nmnberot' the pi-eaeli- ers, the Mctliodists -would still ■, be members of the Xat ional Church, and receive the sacra- ments on its authority. He urged that this was the true policy of "'-'Sll^ the Church itself. The societies had now half a million of attend- ants, with fixed procedures and revenues. Tliey were rising in the social scale, and one, at least, Butterworth, brother-in-law of Adam Clarke, Avas mend)er of Parliament. Reiection •would in time bring about a separation, such as the Church could not well a (lord. Coke's plea Avas declared l)y the Archbishop of Canterbury "impolitic and impossible." To .Vmerican eyes, the clinging of the Wesley- ans to the National Church seems strange. Even since then" separation from it, they have gone no farther than the middle ground lietween Churchmen and Dissenters. So have they held the strong loyalty inherited from AVesley and exemplified by Coke. if '^ P" i n ^\( the JJc'linulinl i'f Th'i^ ( 'iiifi'i-il. L\s3 Financial troulilcs now arose. The allowance to >u|ierannnat('S liadlK ])(> increased. A society, " Preacliei's' Friend," was I'orined, l)y ]>iitterworth and other laymen, for aidiiiLT ])rivately and delicately snch as ^vere I'oiind 1o Ite in special need. IJnl, l)y helping men defectively sn|)ported, tlio Conference came into (lol)t. To cU ar this debt oil", !i shilling' Avas asked of each meiii- her. The response, was ])rom])t, the deht was swt'pt away, and a chocrt'iil eonlidonco in \\w. lil)erality of the nunuber.s was settled by this first general ai)peal. It now l)eoaino necessary to arrange for the legal defense of tlu^ rights of the societies. A "Committee of Privileges*' was formed of two pi-eachers and six laymen, with an attorney. These advised and nianagiMl all lawsnifs, and this is the first efl'eetnal introduction of laymen into the control of ^lethodism. Then lay stewards were directed to advi.-o and assist in the settlement of circuit finances. So the entrance of the laymen went (juietly on, tmtil to-day in iiap[)y coiiperation the laymcMi have in the system all the power they desire. " Shall Women be allowed to ^jreach among us?" It was found that a vast majority of the people were oi)j)osed to such preach- ing, and that there were })reachers enough there. Still, with Dinah Evans before them, the thing coidd not be flatly refused. Tliey might pr(>aih to women only, extraordinarles excepted, and ill the circuit of their residence they must have the consent of the snporintendiMit and Quarterly Conference, nor miglit they go to another circuit without the written invitation of its superintendent and the consent of their own. j\hiny tried and well-worn veterans now vanish from the Con- ference, like sails from the horizon of the sea. Of these the most interesting is Thomas Olivers. He was :i "Welshman, of the grand tyi)e of the ancient bards. "The God of Abraham praise !" will tell of his power in song. IJut his depravity was dreadful. His teacher in ])rofanity could in A\'elsh ])ut twenty or thirty oaths iiiilH m ' I itV nil ■i I It 2H4 'I 111', Sini'i/ (if ^finiiiiTif^ii\ . ^ n :i'i into <»lif. Iil\c llic (ilTck ciiliirdv. Mini ()Ii\frs could licltcr the iii-l I'licl ion. JIc (•;iiii(! into lii> Iwciitic-, ii liidcoiis voiiiii.'' liioii- slcr, \( t liv ol'lcil lliouiilit, "1 li\(' .1 lliosj, A\ I'clclicd lil'c." He tried to I'd'oriii. Ho siiw that it' li(! died lie slioidd 1:0 t(t liidl. But down lie went lowci- tli:m ('\ t-r. \\v waiidci'i'd to l)ri>t()l nnd stopped with a drunken ^Methodist, ulioscj Avilb liad once Iteen rcliirious, and wIios(i otlier lodL-'er amis !i ]»iiek>lidden ^Nforaxian. In this lio[)et'nl liomo Olivers "^ot mad at. tlu; .Morax ian and, tor an hour, sworo liis utmost. It shocked cx-eii liis landloi-d. Insane "vvitli sin and its air'oiiy, ()li\('i's Avenl to hear ^\'hitelleld ])i'eaeh. That one sermon did lor liim \\\\\\\ "the eartluiuake's arm ot'uiiglit did foi" the Jailer at Pliilippi." "Showers of tears trickled down mv cheeks.*' After an ai^onv of struiTirlcs and victories lu^ I'ose out of th(! (h'pths to a ])nr(! and noI)le life. It Avas the iilory of tlu! revival that it reaclu'd such cases. OUa'ci's proved his sincoritv hv imniodiato etforts to rescuo oth- crs. lie had strange experiences, Druidical A'isions lik(; "the dreamer, ^Nlei'lin, and his jn'ophecics," l)ut hegot Avell of all these. His couscieuco hecanu; clear, his lahors Ahimdant and his ad\-ent- ures, told in his own lively style, I'cad like a romance. One ot' his crusades avjis foi- ])ay:ng uj) old dehts. lie Avent to every place Avhere he owed anything and, after ])ayment, he preached. One of his creditors Avas in pris(jn, and, handing him the Avclcome amount, Olivers gave the ^ii'isoncrs a sermon. To complete these financial adjustments, he sold his horse, saddle and hridle, and got home on foot. AVesley needed to see such a man l)ut once. 01- iA'crs started afoot on a Cornwall circuit. A lavnian jrave him a horse of 01iv(>rs' own choosing, a P)uce])halus for this Alexander, on which he rode for twi'utv years and "a hundred thousand miles comfortahlv.'' "Forty and six Acars" Avas this hravo man in preaching serving in all ])ai'ts of the Kingdom. Before his Af I he Jji'i/iiiiiiiiij itj This Ct'nlui'ij, i^b \ II WB' (Icjitli, liis '• (1()(| ut' Alir;ili:iin " \\;is siiii'j- iit llic S\ iiiiL'"n'j'ii(' in li<»ll<|nii, ;iU(| t()-(|;i\ "tllis colli ilr|'"s "' liuillis ;il'c silliL' ill ;il| l.'iiiiis. Siicli ii iiiiiii Wiis worth s;i\iiii:', ill tiic iiitncsts of lit- criitiirc. ;il Iciist. MMllicr Tldppcr, mikI ntliors r)f AVosloy's "llmndcriiiu' Icifioii. ' now (1i'()|)|)(m1 iiwiiy. "Notliiiiii' in their lilr Im-cmiiic tliciii like the IcMvinu' ol" it." Their power unt'ohh'd iis they took their llii:ht, .'iiul it was not strjinii'e th.-it such souls as theirs had so much stirred the worhl. \\'hih' these were " t renil)lini:' at the i:al<'> "I the \\'est,"' other hiininaries were risiiiL"" in the Kast, one ot whom was to l>e, toi" his time, lord of tlie ascendant. As lioanhnan was ahout comini:' to America, in ITt!'.*, he preached at Moiiyash, a little place in Derhy shire, on the i)rayer of flahe/. Mary Ivcdfern was deeply allected. Years after, heini; the wife of William I>untinir, she immed her iirst-horn ,Ial»e/, in memory of the sermon and in irlow of h()])e that her son's career Miiii'lit ])e ''more honorahle." The hlessinu' of the au'ed Wesley on the lad at ^lanchester fell on him like a i)i-ophet"s mantle. In childhood, lie was shut out of a lo\-e-feast and his mothei- vemlndcd him that it was his own fault : he had not sought ("hrist. lie laid it to heai't and here his life turned. He nave all dili- jioice to make his conversion sure, and \n\ was afterwards as liiankful for Methodist "discipline"' as "doctrine." His lirst "ticket" had for its text that prayer of flahe/ that was the text of the sermon so marked hy his mother in her childhood. In 1798, he made his first "exhortation" in .Manchester, and in the same ^•ear he preached his first sermon at a village near hy, worthily called Sodom. Mr. Wood, afterwards an eminent layman, hearing this sei'mon, said, half a century later, that Bunting liad never preached a better one. For sixty years, during which he was upon only eight difTerent circuits, he was the central linure of JMiiilish Methodism. "The !!'!|!JJ «^i' ' 1 \ \ ' !;,.V! ■ 1 1 1 1 •.1,-11, ' 1 "•Of; III i> ill il iiil ;1 "■'i] 'Vi M\- I *'N ir^ ti ! 1 If i S / '.; I 2H<1 y7/e Sfoiy of MrfJilc\ Mils liM\c !i I'opc : liis iiJiiMc is .1m1)('/ r.uiitinu'." A( liis (Icalli, lie li.'iil licliiiid liiiii II |((iii>' cMi'ccr 1)1' iiiil»r(iknt. lillinu' the othce lirst after Coke; let: .1/ (} <■ Ih'ii'mnht'i itf This ('ciiftiri/. 2.S7 tiinos its socrctarv iiiid, .'ificr ( 'okc s (Iratli, ils iiiissioiini'V sccrc- tiiry, wliicli, iit'tcr WmIsoh's dcMtli, lie icsumkmI. Xo ihmii cmii ket'p !i hiu'll |)i;it(' in u L^'cat or^'Miii/atioii for Imira ccMtiiry. iiispir- inilily. Like (Jladslone, lUintin;^ \vas stronir, of ii()I)l(! presence and clear, niajeslic voice. Nolliintr physical .s(UMued laekinir to liivc; the world assurance of a man. His ^ipeoclies were usually hriet"; his sermons Avere not specially elo- quent, hut, lake him for all in all, his ahililies and IIkmisc he made of them juslitied his lifc-lonjj: i)lace of i)owci' among "Knglish- mcn, Christians, Methodists.'' The most jjopular preaclu^r sinc*^ Whiteheld was IJolx-rt N'ewton, the last of lur foui" I'epi'esentat iv(^ ^[ethodists in this century. His peoj)Ie wei'e jjlain fanners at Koxhy on the Voi'ksliire coast. They read Xelscdfs flouiMial and liked it, and Xewton's father liiriid a room for meetings and ])rocured the jjreaching of itiner- ants. H(! was re[)aid in his own hou-e. His eight children ho- caino ^Methodists and four sons ellectual preachers. It was during the Kilham strugu'les that a copious revival fell on the vtmerahlo region of \\'hitl)y and JiolxM-t was Itrought to (,'lirist. At eighteen, lie preached his tirst sermon in a cottage now replaced hy a chapel, whose pulpit i.-' precisely where young Xewton stood behind a chair to preach. He, too, like Bunting, had such personal endowments that one felt our race elevated in such a specimen. He was tall and kingly of bearing, with voice of Gladstoni; or (Jambetta. In the pulpit, or out of it, the same excellency of power which is not of man, or among natural gifts, but which is in man from the Holy Ghost, attended hun like an atmosphere. The connnon people heard him gladly, and, even in the days of Daniel O'Connell, Xewton was addressing more people than any man in Great Hritain. His plat- form speeches were extemporaneous. Ilis sermons were Avritten, \i •rj ♦ ■11 I III' iiiiil if". II ••I I ' urn •.. tai II 88 The Sim-,/ ()/■ M, tl,,),l tSlll, It (lcli\ I'lTil w itiioiit MKiim-rriiil. lie \v;i-> fmi \ vt-ai's ///* Met H>- it'f-. ;il (Ictlu'iil loii^. oil i'\ t'r\ ial ona-^'um, lie wa-- in di'iiiaiul in rit\ anil riiunli-\ aliki". \\'hilo i!ii:!i:i!r si;\\ ro\, v. u. Wat. •o\\ nianaiiinl llio details (\( Hie Missionnrv Soe'u>tv, as did Biiiilinu- at'ter him, Newton was its advoeate in tlu< lield. W'\wn ho iK'uaii his iDUiT eareer as solieitor al)road, in its hehali', it had . I'' (in li* llilililll "t rills ('uif Kl-'l . -'Sl> til'lv iiii-.-UMiaiic^ mill -i'\ >Miimi llitiii^Miul iii iiu'iiilu-i'-liip. Al In-; (It'Mlli, lIu'iT wiTi" lliit't- liuihlrril ;iiiil lit'l\ iui->it>li;irii'^ »ihl vHii* liiliulrrd lliiiii-;iml iiu'tiilu'r^. New Inn hil>"i'("il lil"l \ -li\ c \ i'ii,--> aiul, :it \\'\- iK'alli, ill 1 "^.^ I . Ill' wa^ -lill "llir nKl man I'lmnu'iit ." ( M' llii'^c [\n\v iii'i-al N\ i'-li'\ aii-< nl" lUir cciil iii'\ , we -^I'l" lliat carli had >i)iiu' -^p-'ciallx nl" ralliiii:'. Ailam ('larUr wa^- llic -M'liolai" aiiil roiiiuuMilali'r : \\ atxiu, tlic tlifi>liiiiil iiiu'. llir priiiu' iniiii->tt'r. aiul Ncwloii, llir oi'ator TIiimt \\a-> no ri\alrv aiupni;' llit'iii ; iin >lfit'i' o( iu'r>i>iial amliitinii. Marli dimply iiiaili' tlu» nio-I of \\lial wa'^ liInimi Iiiiii tViuii al>i>\t', and llicy liai'iuoiii/.oil in iluiractcr and arliou liUc tlic atTiini|iaii\ iiiu' parls nf ^luno -^wrt'l, >ari't'd lianiiony. rdauu-lf^s and lianuK'->s. ilicy luiill iip llu'ir licloxi'd -^y-^lt'iu. likr tlio walls ol" Tlirlu's, \o tju- >iMind nl" licaviMiiy uui^ir. (hlu-r nuMi i»t" iiTcat luri'it laluift'd will; tlu'iii. l>a\v>iMi aiul Sa\ ilK' lnH'aiiu' lai'-kiiDW n and rirccl i* <> Knal iirraclicfs. Tlu'N , liki' llii'k, \vt'rt> plain, srlt-^iiiipnrl inu' iiu'ii ; haw >on, a taniuM". and >a\ illi'. a tniiici'. Tlu'V a>soi'iali'd with llic ho'-I, whiK" llu'V had powor with llu> K>w ^■^l , I'lassi's. MfamvliiK", \i\\k\[ n'\i\al> (>(.■- lUi'i'cd. \[ Tn'adt'ord, tor thi't'i' nuuiths, llu> ihaptd dimf stood open niiiht and liay, and siirh wa> tlio pros^uro ot" awakiMu-d pt'o[)K> that no priMchinu" w as had. All the tiiiu> was n io [iraycr, (.oint'ort and I'ounsid, Nino hiiiidfiHl pi>rsons wiu'c rtH'oivcd info till' xH'it'ty. Missions wrn- 1h';j,iiii in iho tiltsiaircr parts i)t' \\'ah's and >oon a thousand nuMulu'fs were vt'portt'd. Amid thi>('aiu- hrian siu>ws, as no house oould hohl tho ronuroiiat it)ns, (lu* prcai'hiuii' ^vas in tlu' opou air, oven in tho nuU\ wintiy woathor. So \\ I'sji'vanisiu Li'i't'w . In 1S(),"», it rouiitt>d in the Kinii'dom t'oiir hundred and Ihirty- (liri'o prt'ai'hcrs and Olio luindi'i'd and twonly tliou>and luoiiiln'fs. As wo shall soo, it was assuinini:' a national iniportaiioi> ami ilrow tlio noti''o ot' statot^iuon. ^m iM»U«| n II ...ft! t ' s /( j !^iii J .«• ■» ' i '< I 1 ■ ' r! ' CIIAJTKIJ XXTV MpfJiofJisi// mill III- Sidle Church. ^ tlio Wpslcyan Bodj urcw, iho Lciial Jluiulrcd ciime to 1)0 of growiuiT importaiK'c In 1.S14, it was the ruliiiir center of a Uiitlioriiur of eiglit liundred and f()i'1v-t\vo preaeliei-s, and ^^ il needed lo Ix' of ilic l),.>t available talent. H itliert c I* ^Ii ihiiil i.'iiii Oin/ ///r fSUid- Cli 2111 >ln Suiidius, ciuiiuMit Livincu, were ol' its first ]»iitrons. The Soeic- \y collected thirteen hiiiidivd pounds for its earliest needs. The i;i[)id liTowth of the ('onneetioii, niMUinii' eidl foi- new chapels, led, llCtK JOSEPH UKNSON. ill L'^OSjto the creation of tlie Chapel Fund, of Avhich the Exten- i^ioii Soeioty is. in tliis country, a reproduction. I'lifricultic.g of a new soi't now arose. They wore not wholly imcxi)octed. In 1810, Southcy, who had studied Wesley and his n 4 M "' n 'I \''\ \\\ • t ;l ; TT n 'A' t 1 1 1 ■< !' 1 ' 292 T//e Sf(»7\>/ of Method Ism. Avorks 111 no l'iivonil)lo iiiiiul, liad in llio Qnurterli/ Itevieiu a severe iirlicle agaiiisl ^Mctliodi.siu. lie i)redicti'(l lliiit the AVesley- iiiis would soon l)e able 1o sul)V('rl llu; Xational Church and would not scruple 1o do so, and would e\<'n lay hands on llu; jj^ovcrn- nieni of Ihe country. TIcM-ould not iiiime one disloyal iset of wliicli in all llicir suflei-inii's 1h(> iireachers had hemi uuiltv. A\']iile la; wrote, Xewlon was (lisal)usin_ir tlu^ pojjular mind, not only of Paine's inlidelity, hut also of his anarchism. Yet Southey was uman of genius and he loved a stai'tlinii' theme. Statesmen looked around. Lord Sidmouth and other poli* ticiuns, and evenA\'ill)erforee, W(;re alarmed at the facts presented. They found that Dissenters .and AVesleyans had in the Kingdom twelve thousand one hundred and sixty-one licensed chapels and rooms for A^'orship, and that in parishes of more than a thousand pe()[)le these hodies had nine hundred and ten churches and chapels, more than the Establishment. High Churchmen and Aristocrats resolved to crush the growing danger. Sidmouth introduced a Bill in Parliament, such as was worthy of darker ages. It conceded to the Wesleyans the right of members ot their Conference to })reach, but it struck off all lay workers. That is, local preachers, exhorters, leaders and even Sunday- school teachers were to be silenced on pain of imprisonment. Thousands of the best peo})le in England, who were laboring to do their countrymen all the g.)od in their power, Avere to l)i' shut of their dearest liberty. Southey wrote the article in Satan's interest. It would have drawn little notice, only tiiat the wild connnotions of France mtide leading Englishmen more than ever afraid of the misuse of strength by the people. The effective character of the Weslcyan organization appear.^. Its Connnittee of l*ri\ileg{'s, two of whom Avere members of Par- liament, n'monstrated with Sidmouth in vain, i)ut secured an advocate in Lord Erskine. ^I(;ainvhile, districts and circuits Avcre !ir Methoil iKni I nii7 the Shiip CJiHirh 2m of MS. uiy- Mlt. riiii.' o Ix' e ill Hint noi'o •ar>. Piir- A'cre astir ill 1(1 pclitioiis were proscntcd tVom every psiit of llio realm, (if whose siii'iiei's \\\w\ Staiili()})(! said that their thousaiuls luiulit easily l)eeoiu(i iiiillioiis. Hrskiiu; iiiadi; a strong .speech against llie 1)111 and it tailed, to the iii'cat )(>\' of all lovers of reliirlons tVee(loni in the land. Dissenters of all na nies o\vne( I tl leir deht 1() the AN'eslcyan Coiuniiltec! of Privileges, who had taken with eourage the lead and hrunt of tlu^ stnigirlt;. Then came anotluu' attack aimed at tlu^ AVesleyjins alone. It was held that tlu^ old Toleration .\et applied only to sneh as were pastors of siiiijh' eongregaticuis. This Avonld have s\ve])t uway the itineranev at one stroke. l>y this eonstruiny Act of I'arliament, all the old harharisms, tlu; Five- luih' .Vet, the Conv(!nticle Act and the like, went to tlu; hottoni pit, and religious freedom in England came to he all one could rcjasonahlv desire. In 1H12, the Conference thankcid the Committee, and issued to tlu^ societies an address calling for thanksgiving. It procured oui' of the most important movements in the whole course of religious lihertv in the land. In l-Sl'), the Methodists of the liritish Islands Averc two hundred and thirtv-one thousand, haviiiii' for ten vears *rained ahout niiu; thousand ji year. Their preachers were nine hundred and forty- two. In a quarter of a centurv — i. e., since AVeslev's death, thev had trehled their numhers. Statesmen might Avell look with in- terest and respect on such a ])henomen()n, hut theri; was nothing to fear. They were the hest of citizens, the truest of patriots, though they knew their rights, and. "knowing, dared maintam/ • I* I Mill)' ■ 1 i ' '5 1 < ■is I i ■\\v i f f ■ \ i ;■ I 1 1 u f i ] I !'!• '.I'll! S'lii'i/ "/' ^IiIIkkI I'siii. The .'imi;il> of M('lli()(li-iii were s( 111 iidoi'iicil with iiicu mikI woin- en ol' liiiili, lici'dif clmi'lictrr ;i ml ("irt'cr lldlUII- 'I'hoi llpSdII, dl' Hull, was M liiiiiililc r;iriiici''> xiii. ^^'ill)(M•l(ll•(•(•. wlio li\C(l in llinl rcii'ioii, iiiMrkrd his vouiil;' merit mid took him into his lioiiscliold. 11(1 j'oso r:ij)idlv. Iiccmiiic :i Iciid^ci', !i iiiiiii of roi'iiiiic Miid a m .1- IxT ol' Pai'liamciil, doiiiii" religion Inic and loyal s('r\icc. At his expense, the llolderness Mission was eslal)lished and here was the ]a>t of those heroic s( ruiiL:ies on IJrilish soil which our Story will recount. A youni^' man ol" lalenl and cnllure Ix-ean the work. IIcMuet unniercilul persecution. \\ his meet inii's l'\- niiiht spar- rows AVCM'e lei loose lopul out llic liu'hls. ihe doors were I'asleiied, and lunu> of assalu'lida lilown in upon llu^ conu'i'euations. 1 )riven iVom one; })lace, \\n\ younu' man w cnl I0 anolher. The rector of lions was also a ina:i:istrate and oncouraL''('d the rioter>. I'nder Ills inlluencc, no man would stand hy the, ])reacher or testily for liiin in court. !Maiiy e\-en appeared airainst him. Then ho })ec'aine his own witness and advocate, and so set forth his ei'rand and his acts that the ])resi(linu' Judiic nave the rei'tor, who sat l>v his side, U sharp rei)i"imand, and the missionary thereafter had legal protec- tion. Of liar(lshij)s in food, loduinii' and labor, the Avayfaring evanirplist had still a uoodlv share. JNlore than one homo mission- ary now drank of the cup ])ressed to the lips of Wesley and his lal)orors two generations hofore, but 1)V faith and patience they gained the same victoiMt's on a less conspicuous scale. Tho i)roachors of the tiist times Avoro now gone. Of their im- mc diat e suceessoi's, tew w ere now in s(M'vice, but thev were allowed to see, in IM t, the greatest revival on record. It was in Corn wall, and extended from 1'ruro through the peninsula — foi'ty miles. In some parishes hardly ten were unvisited by inlluences of grace. Some chapels were occupied for four weeks, night and day, and sometimes forty ])ersons were added to the s('c)<>ty in one i\\\\ . In the caverns of thi' mines, in the smelters and all w(M'k-houses, Method isiii (iinl lln Slufr ('Inirch, _. '.» t< ])r;i\« ;• Mild ])riii-(' were liciird. A ln';i\ mly Ihtc/c 1»1c\v nvrr iho rcLi'iitii ;iii(l l>r<>iiL;lit IicmHiiu' dii its w in;^--. J )riiiik;ir(U liccniiic tciii- j»('r:il('. llic ])r(>l;iii(' Ix-caiiie devout iiiid tlio fli;ir;n'trr of wlmlc .lOSKl'U IJVKSKV, TIIK IlKST TKLTUTALKIJ. iii'i^iiiltorhoods w:is cliniiiicd. l-'it't y-t wo liuiidrcd M-cro added to till' >i\ circuits most louclicd liy llie uTcat work. It is worth notice lli:it ill these times one liears of the ch'are>t and siniph'st teatlier Ili'lH I it.ii'l '';■' ml' If ■ i ' ii:.!f ^'- ■■■' \ , I t : T 2'J*'" 77//' Shii'i/ III' Ml l/indisiil Iv ? , ■ 1 '■ ^'\ ' dl' till- I'liilli lliiit liii^ yd ;i|ii)t':ir('(| in Mctliodi-iu. It w :i> >\'iHi;iiii (';ir\(i~-<>. lie \\;i<:i iMi'iiicr niul li-iicriii;iii mi I lie ( 'onii-li fon^t , Mild \\:i^ iiji In till' -liimliird ol' | jroliciciicy in llu' \ icc-> ot' hi- day. Hi- >!-l<'r, liciiiij- coin crlcil niiinii;^- llic M('lli(idi>t<. caiiii' twchc mile- 1o tell licr I'aiiiily. Slir iiidiicrd ^^'illialll to ;:d to t'lc prracliiiiL:". II<' was dcfply coiu ictcd. i^axc up all \ ices, and al'tcr iiiiicli ii'ii)iilalioii lu' entered into tin; Kingdom ol' (lod. He eainti lo love the Sa \- i oil r with all Ids heart, and to his death, at eighty-tiN'e, lie walked in the light . lieino\ ing to !i i'arni, " a mere (h's- ert,"]iear "aleelde, tles- titut(} chis.s," he entered with hirgo views u[)()ii the ear(^ ot' hotli. His liard I'ai'm yielded to Aviso !ind diligenl treat- iiicnt, so that he heeamo ublo to live without })er- sonal lal)or, and to give Ids whoh^ time to the t'Lissos. \'erdure broke out in dry phiees. Some of liis ueiglihois weri^ converted; soon he had two hirge classes, and then !i ehajxd "of Ids own l)uilding or begging." His family Avcro converted : the cliaixd was replaced by ;i hirger, and the Avork dear to tlie great class h-ader's heart "went prosj)erously. Then came the revival of vvliich we liave just been tcdling. " I call it a 'gh)ri()us revival" : 'such as my eyes nev«'r saw before.""' Ilissocietv. of which wi! noticed the small beu'inidiiL:'. hecanit WULUAM CARV0S80. ^I<^lJonl!siii (I ml (he SIdtc (Jlnirdi. 21)7 two luilull'C'l, Mild (if il- cln^x's he took llirt'c. I Iciici'Tol ill, lio Cfnvo liiiiisclt' w liolh' 1o llic siTvicc of rcliiiioii nnd "woiil iihoiil (loiiiLl" si'ood " ill ;i st ill-liiiul iiiLi' st \ li'. "I iiui ;i tcadicr. 1iiit not ;i jifcaclicr : tlinl is :i work 1o wliirli (ioil \\\\<, not cullcil inc."' 'rciiclicr lie \vii>, ill tlial ln' knew wlial lie 1:iiii;l!t. wa^ coiiN iiiccd of its value, t-oiild adapt i< lor cut raiicc into tlic minds ot" otluTs, and could urii'c it witli jicrsonal t'orcc and vivafily. To this, wliicli makes a Icaclicr, was added llie divine iiilluenco. His soul Avas always overl"ull, and eonuiioii ('liri>lian ])lirascs locdv lllow and eiiei'ii'N' from liim. .\t middle aii'e. lie leariie(l to wi'ite, so as to guide souls in the path ot" life wheu lie eould no louuci" visit lliem. In sliorl, lie was llie iiiodel of idass leaders. Durinir hie career, ^lelluKlism in his circuit increased on ihe ^vhole about sevenfold, and of this increase a large credit is assigned to his la- bors. Ilis life is still read far and widi; by those who are lejirn- ini; the art of whii-h he was master. Durinij these vears was held the lirst Kuiilish camp-nieetinir. Lorenzo Dow, an eccentric but zealous prt'acher of \'ermont. had niadc^ liis wav to Stallordshire. (^imn-meetinii's were uset"ul in tlio thiiily-})eoj)led regions of the United States. He raised u tlag on ]\Iow Hill and called the peo[)le to theii' tents. The new institution Avas blessed "with usefulness, and others followed. These were of doubtful a and, on the whole, the camp- meetings seemed not <]uite desirable on the closcly-i)acke«l soil of England. After some debate, the Conferences decdared them im- [iruper. Still they werc^ hcdd, and T>ourne. a leading layman, was ('\l)ell(Ml from his society for his ])ersist(mce in sustaining them. Clowes, a local preacher, was tor the same reason exjxdled. The latter then gave up his business. He began as a home mission- ary. Other men came to his help. They gleaned in the high- ways and market-places and, for local reasons, t went \-eight r J li ili t ) ■■'"li ■ i •Ulf ] m l! ! ,1 r Iki I "Ml -?: \ :-\ ( ;■ 1 T I ■; I " 11 i: ' I'll 2!)8 y/zr Slitfi/ of MillintI Ishi , ))i'('ii<'li('rs iuid sixteen circuits Joined liiin. Tlins, in L'^IO, was lonncd a new denoininat ion, " The I'riniitive Methodists." They have jii-t held, in Dcrliy, tlieii" Sixty-seventli Coii- forcnci!, !i hody composed oC one-tliird ])roac'hcrs and two-tiiii'tls WILLIAM CLOWES. lajmon. Next to the AVesleyans, they arc the largest Methodist hodv in En<>land, having now one thousand and fortv-tln-ee st;i- tioned })reachei's and one lumdrcd and ninoty-oni^ thousand >ix M'-Uutdis,,i a)i(l tilt! iSidte Clnn'rl, I'll!) hundred jind inrlv-oiic iiK'iiilx'i's. Al tlic lute ( 'oiitbrciicc, Isst!, <]> M'V coiiipliiiMcd of a t<'iid cncy lo ( 'oii^^rcjiJitioiialisiir* Iiy tni-iii iiiLi" !i circuit "willi oiu^ cliapcl aiwl one ]ii'caclicr.'" Tlicy liavo ol'tcn Ix'cii, iVoiii Ili(^ stir tlicy iiial\(! in tlicir rcliirious services, called Kanters. 'IMieir \V(trk lias been cliietly aniontr tlie lower classes. 'I'liey have hcen an act i\ c, usel'id people. l)ni'in,!j:' this last year, tlu v havo issued two niillioMs of ItooUs and inac)san(iu:'t Fletcher had now outlived, by thirty ye.'irs, her .saintly Inishand. Sho believed that his spii'ii was yet in fcd- lo\vshi[) "with hei's. Shu })r()secuted tho "woi'ks in ;vhich ho had bcoiiinterestod, and lier hoinii at Mach'lcy was the center of Chris- tian h()S})itality, })rayer and convei'se, through nil Inu* life's sunny afternoon. >Sho connnoniorated in a pious "way her Aveddin u. Mil Of j! mt T noil T/io iStoi'ij '_'/' Ml iliitilisiii. tlicsc, mil' AiiH'riciiii rciidfr- will liiirdly r!ir<' In liciir |»;irl iciilnrlv, .-(•('iiiir thill "^n iiiiicli i^ l<> III' >!iii| III" .Mc||iii(li-iii III liiiiiiit ill our own ImikI. TIm- tniir LTi III IcMilt'l's were in I'llll :ir(i\ily. The rM- " I niii>t liiijc ni\ licMil ill til*' ('>! . Adniii ( 'l;i.')\t'. \\ ;is w f.'iriiiL;' oiil couiil y\ . Ill' il w I Mlli('> tor •^crx icf ill ('\<'r\' tliri'ttioii. ]!(• also, there, ediicMletl two lUiddliist 1 iriesi In l.'^h'i, lie Ascnt to his home in Ireland. In tbrtv \eMr>. ho liad lieeoiiiea straiiu'er, and none ol" his kin were there, hut he saw the haru where li(> had first heard Methodist jireaehinj:', and tlu; spot ill a lield where ])eaee eaiiie to his soul. Presidiii«:' at the Il'ish ( 'oiil'ei'eiiee ol' that year, he I'ouiid il dehatinu' the old (|Ues- lioii of the saeraiueiits. Alaiiy intlueiitial laymen were opposed to llie demand from the rest of IIk^ laily that they receive these from the hands of their own ])Mstors. With these iMlter. Chirke syiniia- thi/('(l, and tin; inaiorit\- of tlu^ ( 'ont'ereiiee decided in their favor. A .scl lisiu at onco followcn 'V\w J*riniili\(' Methodists of In land." lakinii" the name and iiothiiii'' more from tliosc^ of Eiiu'land, formed a new liody, and a third of the Irish Aletliodists, ahoutteii thousand, Avent w itii them. They diller from the \\'esleyaiis in nothinii' hut that they count their own pastors as simple; laymen, and take the sacraments at the clmrclios only. The preachers aiu I lavnien arc associated in tho irovernment of the societie liev 111 nunincr now ahouL lift een thousand. ^A'o noticed what me founded ]\retli()disni in Ireland and Avitlv what labors and sufl'er- inl\e. Wi lip Then Ireland 1tei:an to send men to Kniiland — AValsh, .Vdam Chirke, Moore and Thompson. ^leanAvhile, the " liebellion "' came *iS' j\f('f/i()(/ls/ii and till' >Sfiif<.' (Jhiirili 'M)\ oil. III uliicli Jill PfdlcslMiits siiHri-cd, Mini llii- .MctlKidlsls. \\ ho were l)rrMlia('(l to 1m' IovmI lo l-iiiLiliJid, MlU'd'cd Wdiv-I (tt'.'lll. TIk^ lii^- So iitli'i'K- licrrc Mild linital loj'ics of lli(> lime 1(11 of jiw I'lil ■"CClir \\ (M'c Ili(^ iiisiiri:'»'ii(s IIimI, to (liisdMN , 11 H' iKinii 1 1 TMlliliollS Mircci lllC politics (il'Iri-Ii .M('tIio(li>1s, mi id Hi is very session — 1SS7 — isniMrkt-d ity violciil lloiiic iJiilc dcliMli'. A loyal Aldliodisl hud iVoiii his Iti'ollicr sccri't news lliat Duhliii nvms to hv sacked. 'IMit' news eii- al)l('(l \\\Vi liord liieiitenanl lo defend the city. lie uralefiilly granted to Ihi^ ( 'onfei'eiiee and lo llie individiiMl preachers cNcry ])rivilege and all tlm ])ro1ec1ion in liis power. This ( 'oiiferenee )rovi( led II mission to 1h w ild Irish" in their own laiiiruauc ^[(■(^iii,i:<:', an eminent Irish scholar, became a missionary. Hi- health i)rovinij,' une(|ual to tho rough task, he, under the ausj)ice.- )f the lirit! d F 01 The lint isii and J'orcigu ]»il>le Sociiity, ])ut forth the i>il)le in Irish. This, wididy circulated, has had a marked ii"iienee. Clijirles (Iraliam, th(^ other missionary, had l)cen a rollicking, up- roarious Irishman, hut he had heeii converted at the pr<'acliing of an itinerant. His Irish speech and wit ser\'e(l him well. Of course he know what iiioI)s were. At 'i'ralce, he was to he killetl. hut the stone aimed at him hit tho accomplice of the thrower, who (lied confessing his design. liartley CamphoU wasii staunch Papist, hut of restless, hungry soul. lie prayed, did penance, had alisolution, went to St. Patrick's pnrgatoiy, and at tho " houly tomb" received again iihsolution. All did not comfort him. "What shall I do?" "Why, <:•() to bed and sleep." "Perhaps I may awak(> in hell I" The priest threatened to horscwhi[) him for such iiisoleiu-e. Campbell went in tears to a lone place and prayed. He found pardon for Christ's sake, doing l)ack to the "purgatory," Ik? told the way of relief to the })eo[)le there, doing ])enanc(? on bleeding knees. The priest drove him away, t»ul he was thereafter a v.arm, brave witness of what C'hristianitv can do for an Irishman. • • 1 1 i 1 1 ■i ■ 1 i |i»" ! ••1 r i '■1 ' ( ■ 1 1 1 i i ■I ^ ■ ; 1 1 1 ij:« ! i i iM > c 'ii' 1 ' il'i 1 : •il Iri^li ex !iiiL;('li>t was (iidcoi, ()u>('l('\'. lie was (it'an ciniiicnl (lalway I'amily and a carciM" was open lo him. He was rcarU'ss. li-ciicfous ami devoted lo llie worlv 1o whieli lie was ealh'd al his conversion. ( )ne day, he rode up Avhere a ])i'iesl was sayinj^' ma? K neeliuii" with the crowd, hi ii'ave them in Irish all the (Josjxd ])art ol' the mass, and when all rose he spoke to them ol' ])eace with (iod thi'ouiih taith in ('hri.-t alone. " leather, who is that ?" Ihey cried to the pi'iest. ''I don"t know : lie is not a man at all : he is an anecl ; no man could do Aviiat lie has done ■iaid he, as ( )useley ro(K' away. Sucli men Meiit lo the worst phices in Ireland. preachiuLT ol'len 1hrc«> or tour limes a day. They went to ground stained by the IJelxdlion and sj)okc to huuii'i'V, I'aiiijftMl thousands. 'Phcy translated \\'eslcy's liymns into tiie paliiotic sweetness ot'tlu\ Irish lani>uai>v. and from many a cahin the inmates ran out to hear iheir own sp(>ecli and crossed themselves and knelt in tears. Tlu* warm. Cell ic temi)er II: imed mlo many an Irish row Avitli unspeakahic comicalili(>s : wei'i)inii', i)rayinii', shoulini:" and liuhtin:^:' i^oinu' on at once "'>> sweet confusion." The Irish masses heard the (iosptd. I'sually llu' atlitudi's of Pi'oteslant and Catholic in Ii'cdand have l>(>en de- tiant, hut ( >us(dey and his men did not tear or hate their unwashc(l countrynuMi. lie was a trained "nMntleman" : he was as witty in their own tunt't'ul toiiu'ue as their hriu'htest : he could siiiu" like Caoch ()'Leary. and he was honestly r(>verent in his allnsio: > to the \ iriiin. All, e\'en the Papists ol'tlu* hii^'oted sort, loved, t various reasons, to listen lo him, and counted it an entertainment at least, while always some hearts were truly IoucIumI. Once, in a Papist town, he hired the Ixdlman to announco ]>i'eachini2'. but saw the timid man did not half do il. 'Pakini;" the li(dl himself, and with voice as loud, "( iideon Oustdey. the Irish missionai'y, is to preach Ihis eveninu'. :it such a place and hour. A)i(1 I ((III fill' ninii iin/si'lf." The Irish could eniox' that I or Mr'hinHsiu ami the SUid' (.'//i(rr/i . '.( >,) Tlioso who liav( seen Ii'ish cMhiiis caii know \v hut t;nv ihrx' hravc iiH'ii I'oiiikI. Ireland 1 las ii; 1(1, is .laviiiu', ti'diilth' rn()Ui:h. \\'hal would have hct'ii its state to-da\' had it iie\ er had McQiiiiiu's r.ihle and ( )iisele\ "s a[)ostleshi|> ? 'I'hereal'ter caiiu' tlie "Irish >0( ;)\v iety" t"or which these openeil the way. K\ en Papists widely ned tlui IxMietit of their vernacular Scripture; ''tin* -want ot them, in their nati\e lani:'u:iU'*\ liMs heeii to them and thcii- I'ore- t'alhers, for a lonu' period, the iireatesl evil." In the King'.-? NEW MKTIIOUIST COLLKGE, DIHLTN, lUKLAND. Ccnirt district, of live countios, it was found that forty thousaiul persons were heini:' lauuht to read the Scriptui'es, and more than (louhle tiiat nuinlxM" ^^■cv^^ lieariiiijf them m their cahlns. Then cmiiTratiou to America heiran to n' I cniiiiniflco puljlislicd its work \\\ llu* opciiiiiL'' of \]\v session, thus giviiiL^ opportiiuil y tor wide pdilion mikI I'ciiioiistrMiicc. Ih^'iH- itc'd, MS a soldier would \ i>i) \\'Ml('rloo, the iiu'iiioi'mIiIc spots, as Moorliclds, wiicrc \\'liit('li(dd had shaken tiie muhitudes, since irono with tlieir ])i"ea(h('i- to eternity. Kniory hrouiihl to tins country a irood re])ort of ^lethodisni in "the litth'; luijthcr-land.*" It was urowinu" in the liomestead five thousand strontrcr eacli yeai', and that in spite of niiiiration. It was p'ttiuiT stroiiir in lixed properties and was reachini'' to heathen lands and was in all the iov and viiior of a minhtv youth. Four years later, his visit was rctui'iied. Kichard l^eece and John Hannah came to America on an errand like, his own. The ctlei-t of their coming was to infuse among Anujrican Methodists a new zeal for evangelizing the world. Other C'hi'istian hodies, the Baptists, etc., wei-e breaking in upon the outer darkness; the jNIethodists resolved not to he far behind them. Yet so great was the American home Avork that the first foreign eil'ort did not come until l.s;U. Once more AVcsleyanism had to appear in court. An institute was built for theological instruction. It is a noble one, at Kich- mond, near London. Samiud A\'arren, an able but restless man, liad heartily ajiproved of the institute, only he preferred the name "college." When he was not made an officer of it, his whole views chanired. lie attacked it violentlv, and even oriran- ked out of all available malcontents a "Grand Central Association" to overthrow the whole AVcsleyan polity. For his violence, he was suspended by the Manchester District Conference and Xew- ton took his oilice. lie then applied for an injunction in Chancery against Newton and the trustees of tlu^ chap(d from which he liad been excluded. This involved the very existence of AVesley- anism. If it could not control its preadie'-s and })ropertics, it was ruined. For three da\ s the case was arn MdJiodlsiii. Thii >^tat(; Clinrcli, ao? cliancolloi- Sliiidwcll. Ilis Honor rduscd llic iiijiiiifl ion und spoUc very wuniily of llic IxMiclit of Wolcysmisni to Kniiliind. AppcMl wiis 1:ik('ii 1o L_vndliui-sl, Lord lli,L:li CliimccUor. 'I'lic imxicly of \\\\ llic ( oiiiicction und of many I)cyond it was intrn>i'. After foul' days of Mriiinncnt and two of con-idcration, \\\> Lord- .-liip allinncd in an (daltoratc judu'incnt the derision of Ids vicc- rliancellor, and so tlH> cliaiicds, in-t itntioiis and rules of \\"e-ley- anisni wei-e settled on the iMck of Mniilisli law. to l)e no more UICllMOND rilKOI.IJi.IOAl, l.NSTIliriO.N. shaken. This was in l-SH;"). The .solicitor in Chancery I'oi- the ^^'eslcV!Uls was a son of liuntinu', ti fact not a little; er;itif\in«''. Warroii and lii.s "(Irand Central Association"' fonne(l what is now the ^Methodist Free Church. This Mas formed hy the union of three sccedniu- Ixxlics : the Protestant Methodists, ^\'ari'eirs Association and the IJeforniers. It now nund)ers altout seventy thousand mend)ers, and dillers from the main l»ody only l»v iuhnission of laymen to its Conference and liy liavinL"" each idrcuit independent within itself. 20 •II 1 i ! « ) 1! W r, I;! m iri > '' i:l ( • ^ ! i !r| •11. \ii \ • Kli { i: I ! I 'I nh !■!* iiU ''.Mi ?-\i ! .1 ■ I 308 yyw Stori/ of Mfif/iodism. The Kotoniicrs just namtMl, tlio last socc^ision from Woslov- anisii), wont out in l'S41t. Six nuMuhors of tlu? Conference wore held to 1)(' inti'i,<»'uin2, the year after Wesley's death. Coke, sailinjr for the fifth time to America, took, though others were ali-eady there, Daniel Graham, as the tirst missionary to the "West Indies. Stopping at the Dutch island of St. Eustatius, he found some classes meeting secretly, but iiercely persecuted, while mission- aries and prayer-meetings were pn)hibited. At Dominica, he t'nund a Imndred and tifty sheep having no shepherd. At St. Vin- cent's, Lumb, a preacher who had independently made his way lliere, Avas m jail, though preaching to weeping negroes through his grated window. Fine and imprisonment were imposed for the first preaching, flogging or banishment for the second, and death for the third ; yet, under Lumb".-, hdxn's, "a thousand slaves were stretching out their hands unto God." Coke was surprised to find so many negroes converted, and he ubtained the King's "Order in Council," annulling the savage law i! I I m lii. I "* III' i III ir !l i •'li; 1, r, 1 I I f'i 'V If : I'ii i'iSi J i'l ALTAK OK A OlIINKSE PAGODA. West I' JO li liiiii ^[bi'ijud. 15 11 at St. Vincent's, lint not till sifter tlvc lumdrod had boon lost hv |)«M's»'(iitii()naries on the i>lan(l>, and all tiie liiitish settlements and some others were visited. The converted neiii'oes l)ore all the iVnits ot" riuhteons- ness. 'i'lie missionaries, tVoin the climate and pestilence, were >h(irl-li\ ed. hut (ttliers took their places and the societies i^rew rapidly. In the French invasions ot' the islands, the hlaeUs were safely arme(l for det'ence and their petty ollicers were taken from the Methodist ne;j,'r<>t'>- I'h*' uovermnent . u'rateful, oll'ered ( 'oke free ])assai:e to liei-nuida and.Iamaica for all outuoinu' missionaries. Then came tiery trials. The .lamaica Louislaturc fixed the pen- alty of imi)risonmeiit for ))reachinir Ity any hut ministers of the Knii'lish or Scotch Churches. Stejihenson, a missionary just be- <>inninu' work most hopefully, was imprisoned until his health was ruined. The Kinii' amudled the law, hut, seven yeais later, a law Wiis made forhiddinuanv "Methodist missionary, or other seetarv.," to instruct slaves, or admit them to juiy meetiiiii's. This, too, the Kiuii- canceled, but for ten years persecution raged and chapels were closed. In IM"), the irrepressible laborers were in full tide of success, and converts were gained, a thousand a year. The heathen ne- groes, counted incapable of civilization, wer(> often marvcds of transformation. They had clung to the savage usages of Africa and had taken not a few vices from the whites, so that they wei'e woise " formed by lavmen. i' I (I'M H t ] n -.1:, ,.if ■ I •m hi 1 II tWn u. Ill ► •' '. . i ; t i . 1 ill ii; li I •^'llli ' • y- |i m'' '' i'-'M' I ji V iii 1 1 m^' ii' '.;( ^ ..^i •.:\S. i^ W'tahjd II i-'!" t lil'fc- llMlldrt'il iiild seventy. 'I'Ih'M I'dl the iiiit;iiliiii:' >l<>riii. which iiiiuht i^o wiihoiil tiic siiyiiiuf. The rhnfK'l \v;is wrecked mihI the whoh' (ohtiiy in up- roar. 'I'hen eiinie ])e!U'i', and soon a lari^'er acconiinodalioii was needed for a society ol" seven hunch'ed, since i^rowii to three thou- sand, with chapels, schools and all appliances. .Meanwhile, reliiiion throve in daniaica. \o region ever clianu'tMl character so i-apidly. K'eliuion l»ei:au at the holtoni and hrouiiht the heatlieu to niarriai:"e, to neatness, to Sahhath ohservance. to Christian sonir and [irayer. Soon there were thi'ce hundi'ed preachinir-idaces on the island. TheCiospel in .Jamaica was I'losely connected with the abolition of shivery. Tin' missionaries had heen strictly t'oi'hidden to nioddle with civil ali'airs and they wei'e to hold slav(>s in no man- ner whatever. ]\Iost ol" the white members held slaves, 'i'he missionaries never tauirht the slaves to expect freedom, hut to be faithful, jiatient and devout wheri' Providence had put thcni. ITow M'is(> and moderate was their course, and how i^ood its ctl'eet upon the morals and passions of the slaves, may lie seen from one faet : For more than seventy years, 17()()-ls;U, no ]Methodist shive was ever jiroved guilty of incendiarism or rebellion. With all this, tlie missionaries suflered from the jealousy of the planters, who thus hastened the En<:Tish mind towards omaneipation. "The ixood men of Clapham" had won the abolition of the slave-trade in LslO. At once, A\'ilberf()rce, Buxton, Clarkson and othei's beiran to uriro eniancipation. It took years, and AVilberforee was on his dyiuir bed, "when, in ^lay of 1833, Lord Stanley introduced a motion "That, from Auir. 1, 1S84, slavery shall be forever abolished throughout the British colonies." The masters were paid an average of one hundred and twenty- i"::' 1 1 i< (i. t* > in ••'IE » >' .v: 1 111 I ii ^mmm ! 1' 1 ij: 1 1 1 1 1' :;! I T/te iSfaiy of Mif/tudisni, livf (ll:i\(> Miitl llicrc \\ii>.l<>i' ;i w liilc, ji Inrm of apprt'iit iit'-liip cl' liiillciN, I>iil IVcimIoiii Imd <(iliir. I'JLilil Iimid'.'cd lliousiiiid sliivc-, :iii(l iii.iiiy odirr jx.ipic, in viisl ;i>^fiiil>!it's, howcd ill iiiidiiiiilil or-lidv .")!. ls;i|, in sllciif I)r!iv<'r. riif clock struck. Kiuld liiiiidrcd lluui-iiiid iVci'iiicii ro!S(! iiiid >!iiii;' : " I'ra'iM' Ciod from whuiii all lilcsshijjs flow I" Mo siicli music liiid l)ccu licMi'd since llic nioi'iiini;" schiinls. Thi'V aid l-'di-ciiiii Missions, as they so lately were, with ihousauds of elolhirs Nearly, '• NVIiorc tlio ffolden oiit three hundred inillion subject^. Twenty-seven years after Clive's deci^ixc Niclory at Plassey. ( 'oke Ix'ti'an to plan the eon<|iiest of tlici same land. "India cleaves to my heart." lie ollercd to hecome r>i,>lio[) of India, beiiiM' a cleruyniMii of the Kstal)lishe(l ('hiircli. lie was willing' to spend there his entire income of sixty thousand dollars. The Company, with that straiiL!'e policy that so loni:' I'ostered heathen- ism and excluded Christianity, refused. \\'\ there lay. iVee from tlut (\)mpany"s control, the island emhalmed in the iinperi>hal»lc hvmii, ('e\loii, the threshold ot" India, " Whore every jirospecl pleases And onl} man is vile." Coko lie^an to study Portiiii'ucso and lie api)lied for helpers to Ireland, from which already had iioiie forth hra\'e pioneer mission- Ml) ( i ' I ■i^l 1 .1 V 1 .,t .1 4 I . ■ 1 I i i rmA .31('> 77i(' >Sf(>ri/ <>/' M( llniil isiit. jirics. Scvcnil incii \ olmitct'i-tMl . :mi()ni:' lliciii Oiisolcy stood, bcilfti'i'iii' to ii'o. Tlu' ( 'oiircroiicc ill Kiii:l;iiul iiiovccl more slowly, Itiit when Coke oll'crcd lo li'o in |»('rson and |):iy all I he I'ost ol" oultit, it was \()ti'd to sanction his p>ini:", and six nu'ii, two of tlii'iii with wives, started for Ceylon, and one for the (ape of (iood Hope. Tlu^ voyaiic was stormy and disastrous, and ("oke, dyinu' suddenly of aj)oi)lexy, was laid in the Indian Oeean, "when' pearl> lie deep." The elfeet of his death on the Conferenee was like that ol' (iiis- tnviis" d(>ath on tlui Swedes at Lutzeu. Defeat was lu)! to he thouiiht of. Soon the CJeneral \Vesleyan Missionary Society was formed, with a system of auxiliaries, monthly prayer-meetiniis, managers, secretaries, and treasurers. Its lirst anni\ ci'sary was oidi\(MU'd l»y the lirst fruits of Ceylon, two r>uddhist ])riests, who came to enjoy the teaching of Adam Clarke. Coke's conu'ades went \o Ceylon. I'ndi'r the tirst sermon. Lord Molesworth, commander of the garrison, who entertained the comers at his own table, and a man horn in Ceylon, of foreiu'ii parents, were awakened, and his loi'dship alterwards found })eace in a j)rayer-nieeting. Nothing could have l>een happier for the mission. He honored and aided it. ^^'recked. at last, on his passage to England, his last breath was s|)ent in declaring Christ to the perishing company. His body was thrown by the waves on the South African shore, his arms still enfolding the corpse of his wife. The other convert became a missionary, the lirst Methodist preacher in Asia. Soon, several ])riests IxH'ame converts and even preachers. In ji temple. Harvard, a missionaiy, stood before the great idol, "The Light of Asia,"' and i)reaehed, "We know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other (iod Itut one."' Tl)e missionaries found all heatluMi with education from the 'In-ist tlVl' |)S0 o\ liDdist lulol 1-* IIVn/ r 1/(1)1 hsiii V. ii'odti oli priest.^ :il()m> Tlicic :iri' now :il>(»ut one limnlrcd .lud t\V(>'ilv prcacliiiijz-plarcs, two lliousiuul iiu'iul)t'rs, aiul six tlicaisand lu'ar- crs, "with all tlio otlu-r iliurch a})pliaiu'('s. Ccvloii is rouiiird (lu^ birtliplaco of Jinddliism and at r>atticola. alone, wliei: thonussion- arit'S canio, wore live Inmdrod toiui)U's; now less ilian lit'l y are staiulinii" and those are on ilieir v.av to the moles and hat; Th iiativ o c hiiivh les eould now, oi themselves, (.-arrv on the Christian work of thi>ir own land amid its spiey l)reo/.os. Poi-mittod, at last, to enter the oontinonl, Thomas Lyneh went to ATadras, and -lohn llorni'r to Ijomhay, in ^>iil'. Soon, another wont to Xoirapatam ; and, in 1S:>;'.. thoi'o wei'o fonr stations, like liirht-luMisos, On a far-strotehinu- coast. Around those, with llu'ir ton ohapels and as many schools, wore two hundred converts. They wont on irrowing. h\ 1837, came five men, so well traintnl the Institute at Hoxton that thev boiran at once to nroach m to the natives in thoii- own horn speech. In that year, Animaga Tamhii'an, of the very hiirhost rank amonir Ihahmins, and a teadier of wid(^ ro})ute, was converted. Ho was ohliaodto apply to a maii'istrato for ])rotoction, and in the t-ourt he wore, for the tst time, his Hrahminical t'ord and rohe. ''As a heathen, F irot nionov ni ahundance and honors. T al)an(h>n heathenism. I wish to teach t)thors of this Saviour," was his pu))lic word, lie wrote a poem ajiainst heathenism, and ot' this copies l)y scores of thousands were scatter(>d, to bo said or sune-, far and wide. India lias missionaries from various Methodist bodies — the Welsh Methodists, the J^ondon Missionary Society ( Whitetiehrs), and, as Ave shall see, from the ^Methodists of tlu' Ignited States. Other denonn'nations, loo, are in the vast lield. Native C'iu'istians are now reckoned by hundreds of thousands, and this year entire villaij:es have become Christian in a day. As early as ITHo, Coke sent artisans to toacli civilization to the Forelahs of West Africa. They faih-d, ami the next year two • ■ -j; 11 t, vtr i ^ ■■ '11 ; a- :< I li 'Tilt m 31.S 7'//'' /Vo/'y itf M('lli(Klisni. tl cv!iiiir<'Iisfs wcro :i|)|>oiiicai)tun>d slaves were landt>d liei'c, and two hundred AlVican tribes, each with its own laiiiriiairei and savauci'v, liave l»e«'n seen there at one time. Many a ndssionaiy died at (tiice, and the term ol" tluvir servic(> was at last hut two years. (Ji'cat li'ood has heen done in its rejxion. An instifulo for traininir native jireacliers was t'ounded. Si)readinir lliroui>h Sciiei2,!iml)ia, tlio A^'esleyans now Iiave tweii- ty-tive ])reacliers, mostly trained ollic ers, w iih about ten thouyaiul members. At C':ipe Coast Castle, some young natives at school canio across portions ot" Scri])turo and wanted tlie. whol(\ A ])ious s(>a-captaiii told of this in Kngland and oliered to take out, and, if needed, brini:' ])atk, a missionary. fFohn l)unw(?ll wont and in six months died, but the lads were c(mvort«Ml. So soon, too, the natives liad built a chapel, and largo congregations created. " AVc will nMuaiii in lluMU'w profession, tor, tliough the missionary is dead, (Jod lives." Five missionaries jxu'ished. Then came Freeman, of their rai'O and color, lie found si.v places of worship, three schools. I'our hundred and fifty connnunicants and large congrc- irations : but all the laborers before him were dead. lie is the hero of Ashantee. the darkest land on earth. Its jieople, the most tierce and ])owt>rful o\' Africans, were slave-deaK'rs, given to iiu- Si \ Wefi/ei/aii isia Ahroail. ?,\\) niiin Siicrifu'cs, to every eiionnily. IFc entered ("ooiiiiissie, llie eni)iliil, Itelweeii two luouiids. under eacli of" wliicli luid lieeii hur- led ii living luau, to pi-eveul llie coiuiuu" "I''elis]i-nien" iVoni doing harm. During liis s1:iy, I'oi'ly wei'e s.'ici'iliced to llie gliosi ol' some one of X\\K\ King's family. Preaching amid Ihesc' horror-^, Free- niHii gaiiu'd one convert, who liad heaivl of C'hi'istianily and now wished to ])rofess it. The awful Cooniassie, the very alxxle of spirits in prison, saw one Christian baptism. 'I'he King was favor- al)ly impressed, und asketl for a mission and a school at his capi- tal. He had sent \\\o sons to JOngland to he educatcid. Thoso returned and came with l-'reeman to their fathers court. Ijand and j)rivileges wei'e granted, and soon a thousand were heanng the (iosj)el in Satan's seat at C'oomassie. At a similar place, A1)- beokuta. Freeman also established a mission. Th«' ^^'eslevan Mission in South .Vfrica began romanti(/ally. A chief', far up in the interior, learned, somehow, ofthe"(ireat W'oi'd,'' and started to Cape Town — fi\(^ hundred mihis — to tind it and a teacher. Shaw, just come as missionary, was not allowed to preach at the Cape, Ilis wife suggested that they go to tind na- tives ])i'yon(l the limits of the colony. The ox-wagons met, a.s ships meet on the sea, on the evening of Shaw's twenty-sc'venth day. A half-hour's difference Avith either WH)uld have pi-evented their meeting. The chief wept aloud for joy. He hastened back with the good news, and the XanKpias received Shaw joyfully. Here he built a house and chapel, i)lanted a iield, worked, taught and i)reaclied. In a month, he heard at night a native ))raying alone! Soon iie baptized seventeen, blessed a Christian mar- riage, celebrated the Lord's Su})per, made a plow and used it, raising a crop of tifty fold. Edwards, another missionary, came. A band of converts went, with joy and song, by night, to call on every family to pray and give tliauks over the arrival. In the region where Shaw, in 1820, ii ^\ ':(ii m m ■ !■ %i M I;' .kii:.(IM I* -i ■ i"' I'! '': "31 I M HI ; ,,; .1 I i: '! M ''J \'H fU 11 i^« |j m I ,1 ;;2() 'J7ie >*(»ut nindy ministrrs, with fourteen tliousand menihers and as many scholars. Of the ministers many ai'c native. All thini;s heloni^inn' to icliiiion and eivili/atlon rlonr- ish tliei'c, and the wildei'iiess Iilooms in gladness and beauty. Of ^^'esleyallisnl in the island world of the Pacific our Story must he I)u1 an outline. In these islands, dreamers used to ])lace the "Paul and Yiriiinia " dreams of natural imiocence. They were, in fact, the abode of >ucli horrors as wei'o rife in Ashanteo, and had cannibalism besides. In ISl"), Methodism beuan in New South AVales, though a class Mas formed of emiii'rants three; yiMirs earlier. An educated younu: Irishman, in prison for forgery, and awaitiuijf doom, Avas eonverted in his cell through ^NTethodist hd)ors. His sentence was clumged to transportation. He bei>an, in the land of his exile, t(» read prayei's and expound Scripture, and became, with the ])rand of his crime upon hmi, the first Meth- odist ])reacher in Australia. There is now in Australia a se])arate Conference. It has over forty thousand membeis, served by two hundred and tifty preacliers and sixty nati^-e helpers. It has three colleges and a large supi)ly of lower schools. In Xew Zealand, the AVesh^yan missionaries had sore baffling. At hMiiith, in 1834, the uood work bei»:an. Some came forty miles to meeting. Famous warriors, grown old in fighting and feasting on their fallen foes, eanie to sit at Jesus' feet, and calls for missionaries Avere lieard in every direction. AVhen the work beiriiii there was not a l)()ok in the Maori language. The mis- sionaries mastered it and iiave it a religious literature, and all the good things of the Kingdom of Christ grew so fast that the reaper overtook the sower. Men wlio had seen the ishuid in its grossest barbarism lived to see, among the Wesleyans alone, two hundred and fifty chapels and places for preaching, and nearly four hun- day two-l Th peoj) ]\'rsh'//i/)n's/i/ . \hr, iiiid the iiuoiiir dl' lii> Fcllowsliii) at Oxford, wliicli lie was expected to spend in "leai'ued leisure,"* lie devoted to tlie inslruetidii ol'otliers, a use of it wliieli would liavc rejoiced tlie lieart of Williaiu, Uislioi) (tf Lincoln, who, three hundred yeans earlier, had founded the Fellowshi[). The ]\l('thodist Teeri'ss in Scotland, Lady ^laxwell. ucnerously aided the enterprise. The school seems to have opened with twenty-ei^iht ])Upils, who wei'o uuder stern training, for, though NEW KINGSWOOU SCHOOL. r ■ Wesley had a soul of love for the young, he was prone to judge them l)y himself, who had no need of play. Soon the school could uot receive its growing uumltei-s. AVoodhouse Grove, near Leeds, Mas purchased, and the original school was removed to a site near l)ath. In these schools, about three hundred sons of preachers and missionaries are in process of education. Of the lool »oav () !l s of the ]\'i'siei/'(n l\ihi<-iit!itiiiil W'ltrh • >:;< Orpli.'in Iloiist' ill Newcastle — now a Hay ScIkmiI and dirU' In- dustrial School — and years later, there were still '' Dissent inu'"' schools to the nuuiher of two thousand and eiuhtv-six. of which the AVeslcvans had over sevcMi hundred, of Avhich none existed when Wesley heii'an his work. ' I' 1 1 J 1 ' 1 111 } t-il •i'! ' , n •! ;i I > ■r : i I I !• if .( ''m> 1 • 1 'I; .Jt> ■'?>-.., ' 1 t"vX .,; ,'a-.' iE^~;il''.:(i.i''i' Wef^h'lfilil KtJlli(lf!niml lI'c;/7.' l'!I n\ /) A V f j^ # ^ 4 Ifk 3 1 lj''n •J itVt'tV •f. Fi^ A .t L^i; r, |p>,'.' ^ K>^ ' A Tlit'st' tluvo. One is at MaiK'lu'stcr. anotlun* at Leeds. Tlio third, at IJii-lniiond, is propci'ly a training school for missionaries, and we have ah'eady noted in our Story how it early sent its })upil> into foreign parts. "VVesleyans in Ireland oi)ened a college in IVdfast in 18(»S. and they have their full share, not any too large, of special ciiaritable scIkk is. In every Jiart of the world where AVesleyans have gone as missionaries lliey liave soon })laiited schools. It may now he said that their schools, lil-ce their national tlag, "following iha sun and accomi)anvinir the hours." have a "morniui; drum beat" around the entire circle of the globe. To the educational work of English ^lethodism must be added its i)eriodicaI literature. It has three weekly journals, one Iveview, and smail«>r publications almost innuniera])le. From all these causes it lias come that its rolls have now long contained the names of eminent men. It has luncr l)een without representation in Parliament. It last year furnished a Lonl ^fayor of London. In \s:\\), the tlrst century of AVesleyanism expired. It was pr()[)erly thought thai a wide and gratefid notice should l)e taken of such an epoch. It will be recalled that, early in 173!), A)'hite- tield and others ha Te I)eum loud and clear, and wei'c sure that thi^ Lord was al)out to do great things among tluin. Then he broke the ice by his ilrst open-air scmmuou to the weej)ing colliers at Kings- wood, and. calling W(>s!"y to do the sanu*. he passed on in hi> wonderfid career. That same year. AVesley fornu'd his tirst l)and. laid till' conu'r-stone of his tirst i-ha))el and issued a volunu^ of those hvnms whose singing has now encircled the eai'th. To ))i'ing to i;rat<'fnl remembrance su»'h a year was a pious and joyous duty. ]\'esh'i/(in Educational Work, 331 it; In tho (Mid ot" l-Sil'S, propanitorv incotiiiirs wcri^ held ti) fix on ]»l!iiis for tlio doul)!*' juhilt'c, :iiid it was dctcniiincd to cflfhratc it l>y castiiiir shifts and otrcriiiu^s into the treasury ot" tlu> Lord. A widow, wealthier than tlic ono whom the Saviour jjraised, hut ^ ■■TJ'',^tl-'i'''*U'i' V. .1. .I()|1M)N, I). 11. of like tcnijx'r. opened the work w itli a thousand guineas, and in one ihiv at Citv Road Chanel two thousand i)ound.s were uiven. From .l(>hn O'tJi-oat's to Lands jjid all wei'e i:i\ inn'. A committee had lixed ei^iht^' 'housand ponnd> to lie rai-ed 1i .\im\ ■ 1 fi' I .,1 I ( ^|• y\\ 'i , li: lif "'■'if ii "! 1 1 ', ■ - fi ; i 1 1 ■ : '1 , l''' ) ' I '• 1 1 • M IS : il li !n such an occasion, and all such bodies shared its gladiu^ss. It had created tlie Evangelical party of tlu; Established Church; it had saved the non-Episcopal societies of England and even of America. In AVales. it had found, in 17.')!l, thirty fecl)le Dissenters and had (juickened them to over twenty-three hundred, and had created there Calvinistic ]\b»thodism, with a chajxd to every three s(juare miles of territory. Its etlect on the national character can hardh'be estimated. Buckle, in his Ilistorv of Civilization, marks "an innnense chaniie amoiiir the iieople," beginning soon after "Wesley began his labors. Indexed, let the reverse now happen. Take from the English world what is truly traceable directly to "The Great Eevival" and the joy and strength of the land would be gone. "Wesley began Avitli a grouj) equal to the fingers of his hand. He died at the head of five hundi'ed and fifty traveling })reachers and one hundred and forty thousand members. (AVe here, for the first time, include those of the United States.) At the Cen- tenurv these figures had increased about tenfold. At the end of still another ireneration, LSdd, there were nine bundled and I ■: ]\'fs/('i/(iii Eihicdtitnidl AVdi'l:. 333 thirty-one thousand four liuiulrcd ami tifty ^Methodists ii\ Great Britain and IrcUmd, and lour million in the world. The stutistics ot" to-day will be given in another plaee. Ilaviuir thus set forth the .Story of Methodism in the land of its oriirin, we ]>roi)ose to tell of its eareer in our own country, one nearer and not less entertaininir. J nh ?! 'W 'M i;; ; and had Ithvee acter tion, soon now ealile f the 1 ; I .) 'ft II "1' ili;{fl ■i >-!\ I 7. SIIEFFIKI.U WKSLKV COLI.EOK, EXULANl). IhaTid. In •her; tor Cen- lend of