CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(i\/lonographs)

ICIVIH

Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to ootain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of
the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming are
checked below.

Coloured covers /
Couverture de couleur

I I Covers damaged /

Couverture endommag^e

□ Covers restored and/or laminated /
Couverture restaur6e et/ou pelliculee

I I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur

□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) /
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

U Coloured plates and/or illustrations /
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material /
Relie avec d'autres documents

Only edition available /
Seule Edition disponible

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along
interior margin / La reliure serr6e peut causer de
I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge
int^rieure.

Blank leaves added during restorations may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have been
omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages
blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration
apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait
possible, ces pages n'ont pas et6 film6es.

Additional comments /
Commentaires suppl6mentaires:

[7]

This item Is filmed at the reduction ratio checlted below/

Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu< ci-dessous.

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a
et6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem-
plaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibli-
ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite,
ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho-
de normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous.

Coloured pages / Pages de couleur

I I Pages damaged / Pages endommagees

m.?f4z

Pages restored and/or laminated /
Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul^es

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed /
Pages d6color6es, tachet^es ou piquees

I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es

1^1 Showthrough / Transparence

I I Quality of print varies /

D
D

Quality in^gale de I'impression

Includes supplementary material /
Comprend du materiel supplementaire

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips,
tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages totalement ou
partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une
pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^es k nouveau de fafon a
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

Opposing pages with varying colouration or
discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best
possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des
colorations variables ou des decolorations sont
film6es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image
possible.

lOx

14x

18x

22x

26x

30x

12x

16x

20x

?4v

5ftv

-J-Sv

{!*.;;■' _.s i oii.i; ^i^'^ari

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

Library
Agriculture Canada

L'exemplaira filmA fut reproduit grAce A la
gAnirositA de:

Bibliotheque
Agriculture Canada

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Les images suivantes ont iti reproduites avec le
plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettetA de I'exemplaire film6, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

Les exemplaires oil^i'iaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimib sont filmts en commen^ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustratlon, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont filmts en commen^ant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustratlon et en terminant par
la derni&re page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la
derniire image de chaque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — »- signifie "A SUIVRE". le
symbole V signifie "FIN".

Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent 6tre
filmtis i des taux de reduction diffirents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tra
reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmi i partir
de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche i droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombra
d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la m6thode.

MICROCOfY RESOIUTION TEST CHART

iANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2)

1.0

I.I

I-
i:.

1^ i^

12.0

136

1.25 IIIIII.4

1.8

1.6

_^ APPLIED IM/H GE Inc

^^_ 'bbl ijst Ma fi Strpe'

■^S (:'16) ^e: - 030C ■ Fn^r*.

^S (7'6i ;88 - ^989 - H.

MUSHROOM CULTURE

F. L. DRAYTON, Plant Pathologist.

The Common Mushroom

DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.

E. S. ARCHIBALD. B.A., B.S.A., Director

Exhibition Circular No. 99

20611

itf-4-

■:';-<i&s5^,

MUSHROOM CULTURE.

The Kfowinc of mushrooms is generally considered to be very difficult,
but in reality it is quite easy. Success may be obtained by anyone, provided
that there is a suitable place to grow them, and that care is taktn in carrying
out the instructions given below.

The first consideration is in the choice of a

Suitable Place to Grow the Mushrooms.
The following places may be used:—

1. A cellar, outbuilding or barn in which the temperature can be kept
fairly uniformly between 45° and 65° F.

2. A cave or abandoned mine.

3. Under greenhouse benches.

4 An unheated barn may be used, but in t! •=> ase the beds would have to
be spawned in September, remain frozen all " -f and no mushrooms would
be obtained until the following spring. This lot the most desirable practice,
for it is preferable to have the mushrooms in e winter.

The next step is the

Preparation of the Manure.

About the end of October, get fresh horse manure where wheat or oat
straw has been used for bedding, in sufficient quantity for the size of the bed
to be used. Remove as much as possible of the long straw in the manure,
place it in a heap sheltered from rain, and keep it from burning by forking over
several times at intervals of four to seven days until the first violent heating is
over, which will take from three to four weeks. By this time it will have become
thoroughly mixed, of a fairly uniform consistency, and will have lost its rank
odour. If during the heating of the manure it becomes very dry, sufficient
water may be added to make it moist, but not wet. A good way to determine
whether the manure is of the correct moistness and consistency is to take up a
handful and squeeze it tightly; if, on opening the hand, the manure falls to
pieces, it is too dry, or if water is squeezed out, it is too wet, but if it retains its
shape without any water being squeezed out it is in perfect condition to use for

:'^m^:?M

C^^i«;t»!i^y

Making the Beds.

The manuri' may be placed on the floor and ridged up against a wall so
that the pile is ton inches in front and sixteen inches at the back; or spread on
shelves, like those shown in the accompanying diagram.

I i

J.I

These are ten feet long, three feet six inches wide and ten inches deep, with
eighteen inches clearance between the bottom of the shelf above and the surface
of manure in the shelf below. These measurements may be altered to suit the
size and shape of the space available, but the diagram will serve to indicate a
structure which is easily made and will give satisfactory results. If the manure
is to be placed on the floor, care should be taken that the beds rest upon a
thoroughly dry bottom and avoid placing directly on cement. The manure should
be compacted with a spade or other tool when the bed is being made.

For the first week or ten days a,fter the bed is made it will heat up consider-
ably. The temperature can be determined by inserting a common glass ther-
mometer into the manure. When the temperature is found to be 65° to 70°
when taken in various parts of the bed, it is then time to begin

Spawning.

Bricks of spawn can be obtained from any reliable firm dealing in nccda and
garden supplies, the price usually varying from 25 to 35 cents per brick. The
bricks should be broken into ten or twelve pieces and these pieces should be
planted eight to ten inches apart each way in the bed, and half to three-quarters
inch deep. This is best done by making a hole on the surface of the manure
with a piece of wood, inserting the piece of spawn, covering it over and pressing
down the manure on the surface over the spawn.

In about two weeks dig up a piece of the spawn carefully. If a number of
white threads are seen to be running out from the spawn like mould, it is then
time to spread two to three inches of good loamy soil over the surface of the
manure.

Watering.

No water should be put on the beds after spawning until the mushrooms
appear which will be six to eight weeks from the time of spawning. It is very
desirable however to keep the air around the beds as moist as possible, this can
be done by occasionally sprinkling the walls and floor with water. After the
mushrooms begin to appear the bed.-* should be sprinkled very lightly every day or
two until the surface is just moist. After that one or two sprinklings a week
will he sufhcient, according to the condition of the beds. If they get very dry
quickly, water oftener.

A Few Dont's in Growing Mushrooms.

1. Don't u.se old manure or manure mixed with shavings or sawdust.

2. Don't try to cure the manure too late when frosty weather has become
permanent.

3. Don't ])lant the spawn until temperature of the manure is constant at
G.5° for three or four days, because the manure will heat up again after the bed
is made.

4. Don't over-water; much more damage is done by keeping the bed too
wet than too dry. Let the manure be just moist.

5. Don't cover the bed with soil until the spawn has started to make a
mould-like growth.

pi-'o- •a.

. [;;