IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ Ui u m 12.2 ui 1.1 S m 12.0 Fhotograiiiic Sciences Corporalion ■1>^ \ 4- <^ 23 WIST MAIN STRHT WIBSTIR,N.Y. MSM (716)172-4903 4^ v\ /j CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historicai IMicroreproductions / institut Canadian da microraproductiona historiquaa \ \ Tachnical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliograpliiquaa ThJ to Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. 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Tous las autres exempleires orlglnaux sont fllmte en commen9ant par la pramlAre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impreesion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darnlAre pege qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivents apparattra sur la darnlAre Image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent ttre fiimis A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document eet trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, II est film* A partir de Tangle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bee, en prenant le nombre d'images nteessaire. Les diagrammes suivents lllustrent la mAthode. 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 ilyyhVi1fe/L'[i1i1 ■ h. 1863 VOLUNTEER FORGE CANADA. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CIEANINC( ARMS. ^^(|p \' .' "■•^4-.. • 5 f * . ■ -■'■ * * mt — r ^■utt^ y ^m*:^/^-- 60 INSTRUCTION OF MUSKETRY. CLEANING ARMS. Section 1. Names of the different Parts of the Rifle. Every volunteer must learn the names of the different parts of his rifle. Plate VI. Fig. 1. Stock. Fig. 2. Barrxl and Ramrod. A. nose cap. B. upper band. c. lower band. o. swell. X, K. projections. F. head, o. smiJl. H.tHgger guard. K.Hrigger plate. L. trigger. H. breech nail. K. side nails. •^ / tq.butt A. muzzle. B. front or foresight. 'd. flanges. c. back or elevating < sight. F. flan. sliaer. o. spring. H. bed. ( p. toe. ' \ Q. heel. ' i. heel plate. 8, s. sling. T, V. upper and lower swivels, w. snap cap. K. nipple lump. L. nipple. M. breech. N. breech pin. 0. breech nail hole. T. catch. p, p. ramrod. Q. head. R. point. 8. shaft. The side of the rifle on which the lock is placed is called the look side. Fig. 3. SwoRO AND Scabbard. A. blade, b. hiU. c. guard and ring. d. spring, i;. scabbard it le A. B. 0. ■i P. b a. h F. tu A. tu B. w< C. dri »» D| ■A. ihain-spring. B. «ear-sprinff, c. WBr. P. Mdle. >• hammer. '• tumbler. PXATB VII. ^ig» I and 2. Lock. 0. iwiveh »> a. Jock pJate. f . tumbler nail or pin. li. «ear-8pring nail M. sear nail. N. bridle rtail. A. turnsorew. »• worm. c. drift. ^> i>i D. cramp. ^'^a. NlPFlB WlUBNCH, &c. «. picker. »•. ball drawer. 0- nipple wrench. H. oil bottle. ^' «. Dismounting the Lock the maT4?]i,2^^\r/^^^^^^^^ the cramp on 3d P ^,r"' remove it. ' ^^^' ^^«'«& the haiiSai^ K.r Jio^ww- the sear-Din anH ,= *«"-«Pr«igr 5«h. Unjorew the brMl« ^^ femove sear/ «h. Removrthe jSI?? ?'' '•«.'n°ve bridle. ' . of the h«d)XTwSt^.^^^' ^ ""•> *<>"«>- 7th P P"*'* "* f «"' Wer-With^miff • '~°^J'^"'" *« J««k- 7th. Remove tSie tumWerT"""«^°^''«hM itself. Sth. Remove the swivel from the tumbler. «• 3. Cleaning: the Lock. we to be removed with a" - ' • "' °"^ °'"*'' '"mbs ftev 3. In remounting the lock the threads of the several pins J as also the pivot and axle of tumbler, and pivots of swivel J diould be oiled before putting them in their respective ^ places, in order that they may work easily. 4>. The other frictional parts of the lock to which it I is essential to apply oil (which should be animal and not vegetable) are the nose of the sear, and between the sear and sear spring. Only a very small quantity of oil should be used, and applied either with a feather or the point of] the pricker, as too much is likely to clog the parts. S. 4. Cleaning the Barrel Every volunteer should learn the way to clean his rifle. 1. Place the rifle at full cock, and draw the ramrod. 2. Put a piece of rag, woollen if possible, or tow, into the jag, and twist it round so as to cover it. 3. Hold the rifle in the left hand, at the full extent of the arm^ barrel downwards, with the forefinger and thumb in line with, and round the muzzle, heel of the butt resting on the ground to the rear. 4. Pour about a quarter of a pint of water into the barrel with care, so as to prevent any of it getting between stock and barrel, or into the lock through the tumbler axle hole ; immediately afterwards put the ramrod into the barrel, and sponge or rub it carefully up and down to remove the dirt or fouling, forcing the water through the nipple to clear the touch-hole. Repeat this process until the barrel is quite dean. ' 5. Wipe the banel well out with rag or tow until it is perfectly dry, and afterwards with an oiled rag ; then put the muzzle stopper in the barrel, and the snap cap on the nipple. Care should be taken to keep the snap cap dry when washing out the barrel, and to wipe the mouth of the hammer before letting it down on the snap cap. 6. On the following morning, and on every occasion before using the rifle, wipe the barrel out perfectly clean and dry. 7. The fouling which settles on the stock near the nipple lump when firing should, if possible, be removed without using water or a damp rag. On no account is a knife or sharp instrument of any description to be used to remove the dirt near the nipple lump or trigger plate, hns, rel, tive it not lear mid it of J the if it at, the Ibut Ifle. lot 8. By the fi le barrel to h frequent irhich is alwa^ 9. In order ind at the si ippearance, ri bees-wax bet\ nlate and stoc lor into the loc 1. Attach t 2. Place th 3. Fix the I in the lock-pl difiers from tl lllatatthe en 4. Place tl I with its nos< sear-pin. 5. Partly I with the thn the body of t screw home 6. Fix the position as i1 7. Attach mainspring, stud in the after whicl cramp ; thii Every vc rules, whi( Tl|p follow w^ere mui permit, th( 1. The I centre oft 63 8. By tho foregoing mode of cicaiiing, the liability of le barrel to become rusty will bo very much reduced, and khe firequent necessity for removing it from the stocki rhich is always objectionablci be obviated. ^ 9. In order to prevent water soaking into tho stock, md at the same time to give it a smooth and polished ippearance, rub it over well with oil, and apply a little )es-wax between it and the barrel, and between the lock plate and stock, to prevent water getting under the barrel }r into the lock. 8, 5. Remownling the Lock. 1 . Attach the swivel to the tumbler. 2. Place the tumbler in the lock-plate. 3. Fix the bridle on the pivot of the tumbler, and its stud I in the lock-plate ; then screw home the bridle-jpin, which differs from the other pins (which are rounded on) by being I flat at the end. 4. Place the sear between the bridle and the loek-platei I with its nose against the tumbler, and screw home the {sear-pin. 5. Partly screw the sear-spring to the lock-plate, then with the thumb of the left hand press the spring against the body of the sear until the stud enters the stud4iole,and screw home the sear-spring pin. 6. Fix the hammer on the squares of the tumbler in a position as if on the nipple, and screw home the tumbler-pin. 7. Attach the swivel by its pivots to the claws of the mainspring, then put on the mainspring, by placing the stud in the lock-plate, and its catch against the fore-stud \ afler which place the lock at full-cock to remove the cramp ; this being done, ease the lock to half-cock. Theoretical Principles. Every volunteer should understand the reasoivi for the rules, which are laid down for his gui^anice in practice. TlijB following explanations will be found; 9|iWrMini, though, w^ere musketry instructors are empH>¥ed, ana time wiU permit, they may be given more at length. 1. The axis of the piece is an imaginary line along the centre of the barrel A, B, fig. 1, Plate VIII. !! " ■! " <■ wmm i l l MiW ifll W 64 2. The " line of fire " (B, C) is the continuation of thel axis, and the direction in which the bullet would fly, with uniform velocity, were it not impeded by the resistance of the atmosphere and drawn down by the force of gravity. 3. The air is an elastic fluid that resists the bullet and reduces its velocity ; the greater the velocity with which the bullet proceeds, the greater is the resistance it meets. The " force of gravity " draws the bullet downwards from the moment it quits the muzzle, and acts with increased power the longer the bullet is exposed to its influence. These two powers combined, the one increasing as the other diminishes, cause the bullet to fly in a curved line, called the trajectory, B, D, fig. 1, Plate VIII. According to the above principles, if the axis of the rifle were directed to an object C,fig. 1, Plate VIII., in a target, when fired, the bullet could not hit that mark, as the air and force of gravity would oblige it to fly along the trajec- tory to the point D, which would actually in the first 100 yards, be 1 foot 5 inches lower down ; therefore, ir. order to hit the point C, it is necessary to elevate the muzzle till the axis of the barrel is directed to a point E, 1 foot 5 inches above it. To enable this to be done, the sights K, L, fig, 2, are so arranged as to place the rifle, when they are both accurately brought up to the line of sight, which is the line F, C, between the eye and the point aimed at, exactly in the required position. If, however, the target were removed to a greater distance, and the rifle were fired from the same position, the bullet would follow the trajectory, and strike a point H below the point G aimed at ; it is necessary, therefore, to increase the elevation of the muzzle as the distance increases, for which purpose the back sight is furnished with a flap and slider marked with the distances up to 1100 yards for which the elevations are required. The thickness of the barrel at the breech is greater than its thickness at the muzzle, which in itself gives elevation ; combined with this the lowest sight is arranged to give the proper elevation for 100 yards ; when firing at a shorter distance it is therefore necessary to fire a little under the mark, at 50 yards about 8 inches, at 30 yards about 4 inches. The volunteer must be very oareM that he holds the sight of his rifle quite upright when taking aim; if it inclines to either side, instead of hitting the mark aimed at, the ball will invariably strike on that side to which the sight is inclined. See fig. 3, Plate VIII. Allowance must be made for the wind when firing, but the extent of the allowance can only be learned by ex- perience. If in loading the volunteer observes that there is not sufficient powder in the cartridge, or should he accidentally spill any, ne must in firing aim a little high^ otherwise the bullet will fall short of the mark. Aiming Drill. 1. A musketry instructor or an experienced shot must superintend each squad, at this and the following drills ; the squad should not exceed ten men. 2. In this exercise the volunteer is to be instructed how to aim and to adjust the back-sight of his rifle, and his § regress is to be tested by making him aim at the difierent istances by means of a rest. If traversing rests are not available, a tripod formed of three stakes tied or looped near the top, supporting a bag of sand about 4^ feet firom the ground, will answer the purpose. 3. The instructor is first to explain the principles of aligning the sights of the rifle on an object, confining i}^ attention of the volunteer to the foUowing simple rules : — 1st. That the sights should not incline to the ri^$ or left. 2nd. That the line of sight should be taken along the centre of the notch of the back-sight and the top of the fore-sight, which should cover the middle of the mark aimed at. 3rd. That the eye should be fixed steadfastly on the mark aimed at, and not on the barrel or fore- sight ; the sights will then be brought up to the line of sight 4th. That in aiming the left eye should be closed. If a man is not able to do this at the outset, he will soon succeed by tying a handkerchief over the left eye. 4» M 4t. The instruQtpr will also explain the difierenee between fip^ {ulli and: luilf sight in aiming, aa foilows, viz : 1st. Fine^sight is when the line of sight is taken along A the bottom of the notch of the back- M sight, the fine point of the fore-sight being only seen in the alignment ; as A, ^g. 1. 2nd. Full-sight is when the point of the fore-siffht ^^ B .' is taken in alignment with the shoulder ti^f^itt of the notch of the back-sight ; as Fig, 2. ■k^B B, fig. 2. 3rd. Half-sight is when the point of the fore-sight is . c ^^ aligned midway between the Shoulder ■■LaJB and bottom of the back-sight; as C, Fig. 3. ^■m^B fig. 9. 5. Aiming with the half-sight is the usual method ; aiming with a fine-sight will give a little less elevation ; and aiming with a full-sight a little more. 6. The instructor will next cause each man to place his rifle in the rest and align it with the sight for 100 yards on a mark that distance from him ; having done iso, he will leave his rifle on the rest and step aside. The instructor will then see if the aim is correct, and should he discover any error, he will point it out and cause it to be corrected, or call upon another volunteer to correct it. 7. The foregoing proceeding is to be carried out, at every distance of 50 yards, from 100 to 900 yards, at " bull's-eyes" of the following dimensions, viz : — From 100 to.300 yards, eight inches in diameter. From 350 to 900 yards, two feet. Position Drill. In this drill the volunteers will be put through the following practices in squads of about ten men each, formed in single rank, at one pace apart, great care being taken that all their positions and movements are correct. When coming to the ** present," they should be taught to aim at small " bull's-eyes," painted as described in the Platoon Exercise, page 29. I m as First Prmiice, In the first practice after the caution, 1>osition driH, FmST PBACTICE AS A FRONT (or REAR) RANK, STAKDllfO (or kneeling), the word at — 7ards-readt will be given, on which the volunteer will proceed as described in the Platoon Exercise. On the word present, without moving the body, head, or eye, the volunteer will throw the riile smartly to the front of the right shoulder to the full extent of the left arm (the arms moving close in to the body) i he will raise the rifle in so doing, keeping the sight upright; the top part of the heel plate to be in a hne with the top of the shoulder, the muzzle to be a few inches below the mark the eyes are fixed upon, the forefinger to be extended along the outside of the trigger guard, and both elbows to be inclined downwards. On the word tw.o^: he will ilring the rifle smartly to the hollow of the right' shoulder, as described in the Platoon Exercise, the fi>refinger remaining extended outside the trigger guard. Oh the WQf$> three, he will bring the rifle down to the capping position without altering the position of the body, head, or eye j in this manner the motions of the " Present " must be repeated seveml times, after which, on the word ease springs, the volunteer will let the hammer down on the nipple, andwHt be directed to order arms and stand at ease. After this, the volunteer will go through the practice^ judging his own time, on the words at^ — tards reajdt, FIRST practice JUDGING YOUR OWN TIME — PRESENT. When he has repeated the motions several times, without further word of command, on the word steady he will cease the practice, remaining at the capping position till directed to ease springs — order — arms and stanjo AT ease. Second Practice. In the second practice, the volunteer will go through all the motions of the "Ready" and "Present" by mtttions, including the pulling of the trigger as explained in the Platoon Exercise, except that m the fifth motion of the " Present," he will bring his rifle down to the capping position, and full cock, after which the movements: of the "Present" will be repeated several times. Third Practice, In the third pmctice the volunteer will learn to ton to explain to the instructor what he sees ; the explanation should be in a low tone of voice, in order that the rest of the squad may not hear. It must be explained to the volunteer that the sun, the ^Itate of the atmosphere, and the background will make a difierence in the appearance of the same objects at difierent times. After the above exercises, volunteers should be practised in judging unknown distances ; the accuracy of their judg- ment will be tested, by measuring the distances with a chain or cord. Practice. Section 1. Target Practice. 1. The volunteer having been thoroughly practised in the feregoing exercises, he will go Uirough a course of target practice. 2. The targets are to be six feet in height and two in breadth, constructed of iron of sufficient thickness to be rifle bullet proof; they should be coloured white with a mixture of whiting aud size ; the bull's-eye and circle de- scribing the "centre," black, with lamp-black, water,and size. i-r o m be th a de- lize. PLATE IX. MARKERS BUTT. Thif it the smallest descriptioii of Butt that ought ever to be made, and the markers must always sit on the upper banquette close to the interior dope, which is to be revetted with turf. ABCTION ON THE LINK A. B. t^i oftl mtim 69 he lior i ^ d. Great care mu9t be taken in lowering or raising the targets to prevent them being damaged. 4. In all cases where the nature of the ground admits ofity a trench is to be dug for the << markers," of the dimensions given in Plate IX., about fifleen yards to the front, and to one side of tjie targets, and in such a position that the markers may easily see the face of the target from it ; the earth excavated should be thrown up on the side of the firing c ; there should also be two epaulments, d, n, so as to screen the men not only from the shots themselves, but from any stones that may be thrown Up by them. 5. The shots that strike the target are to be denoted l)y ^gs* of difierent colours raised above the butt. These flags, together with the number of points fixed as the value of the shots, are as follows : — Value in Shotf. Flags. points. In the practices to 300 yards inclusive. In the practices at distances beyond 300 yards. Outer Centre Bull's-eye Hicochet Miss Outer Centre Ricoehet Miss - White or yellow - - - - - Dark blue - - - - . - Red and white - - - - - Red flag waved in front of the butt - White or yellow - - - - - Dark blue - Red flag waved in front of the butt ] 2 3 It 1 3 K 6. Ricochets, or shots which strike the ground before hitting the target, are to be signalled by waving the red fi£|,g twice to an4 fro in front of the target, and are to be counted as misses in individual firing, but noted in the register by the letter R. 7. The signal for " danger," or " cease firing," is in all cases to be a red flag, which will be hoisted and planted on the top of the butt, whenever it is necessary to cease firing to recolour the targets, or for any other purpose. 8. Whenever a shot strikes to the right, the flag denoting ■ ■■■■■■■ I l—M— H .— — ^— —^^^—l ^I^M H I I^M^B^— ^— — ^^— ^^M^— — ^■^^M ^.i^.^*^^— ^a^ilM^— ^^^—■^— — — >W«^|M^^^^ * The number of flags required is as follows, viz : — 1 Large red flag, 6 feet square, to be planted in a conspicuous place in the neighbourhood of the range before the firing commences, and to remain till it is over, to warn persons off the ground, for the use of look-out men. one for use at the firing point. 2red ^ do. do. do. do. do. 1 red and white do. do. 1 dark blue do. do. I white do. do. for use in the marker's butt. The large flag may be obtained for 3«., and the smaller ones for U. 9d, ; lance poles 10 feet long should not cost more than 99. id. 70 its value is to be inclined to the right, and vice versA, When the shot strikes high, the flag is to be raised as high as possible and when low, it is only to be raised high enough to be easily visible above the butt. 9. The section or squad is always to load by word of command. When every thing is ready to commence, a signal will be made to the markers, and as soon as the danger flag is lowered, the officer is to order the practice to go on. The right hand man of the front rank will then take a pace to his front, come to the capping position, and fire ; after which he will come to the shoulder from the capping position, and form three paces to the rear of the pomt he previously occupied ; the next man of the front rank will then move to the front and fire. 10. Whenever the hits on the target become too nu- merous to distinguish quite easily the new ones as they strike, the target is to be coloured afresh, 11. Every volunteer is to expend in his course of prac- tice 90 rounds of ball ammunition, in the following manner, viz: — 60 in individual firing, 10 by files, 10 in volleys, and 10 in skirmishing order. 12. The number of rounds to be expended at each distance, the distances and number of targets to be fired at by the several classes in individual nring, and the size of the bull's-eye, and centre for each class, are as follows: — Bonnds. - 61 Two - - 3 I targets - 6 j placed - 5 J together. - - 6^ * '5 3rd class. 2nd class. lit class. Yards. f 160- I 200- i 250 - (300- 400- 600- 650- 600- f650- J 700- i 800- [900- ' HaidDg a ball's eye eight inches in diameter, and a black circle two feet in diameter. 5 6 tftrMtji [Having a bhick centre together, i a»^d no circle. - 6] Six - 6 i targets - 5 I placed - 6 J together. Having a black centre three feet in diameter and no circle. 13. Volunteers should never fire more than 10 rounds at any one practice. I I 1 firii Th« clofl yar( > 'I ' Tl 8, 3. File Firing and VoUey Firing, The volunteer will tire 10 rounds in the order of file firiugy and 1.0 in volleys, as detailed in the platoon exercise. The mark ibr these practices will be eight targets placed close together side by side, each having a separate null's- eye and centrci of the dimensions detailed for the third • class ; the distance to be 300 yards for file firing, and 400 yards for volley firing, if the range will admit. 8, 3. Skirmishing, Volunteers will fire 10 rounds in skirmishing order, both advancing and retiring between 200 and 400 yards. The marks for this practice to be eight targets placed in a row, each having a Dull's-eye and circle, as for the third class, with intervals of six paces between them ; each file to have a separate target. • ^ Registers of Firino. The following registers will be kept by rifie corps. The forms may be obtained by application to the Secretary of State for War. 1. " Target Practice Register^^^ War Ofiice Form 1601, in which the volunteers' names must be entered previously to going out to practise. 2. *< Mtuketry Drill and Practice Returfij^'* War Office Form 1600, which should be kept as a permanent register, in a book. 3. " Table of performances in platoon and skirmishing " practiceSf^^ War Office Form 1603, and on the back of Form 1600. 4. " Reca^ttdation,^^ showing the figure of merit, to enable different corps to compare with each other, on back of Form 1600. 5. When trained instructors are employed, a Judging Distance Register, War Office Form 1602, may also be kept. o. " Diagram^^ recording the result of Practices. Marking Points and (])lassification. The individual firing will be divided into three periods, 20 rounds to be fired in each. It In the fint period eieh volonteer will fire five rounds at every distance of 50 yards, from 150 to 300 yards inclusive ; th^ points gained will be marked in the '* Target Practice ** Register/' Form 1601, and the total points obtained at each distance) will be tmnsferred to ** Musketry Drill and « Practice Return/' Form 1600. When the corps has completed the first period, the points obtained indiviaually at the seveml distances, are to be added together, and the sum entered in the column ** total ** ]x>ints" of the period, in the << Musketry Drill and Prac- « tice Return," Form 1600, to show the value of the per- formances of each volunteer, from which column a elassi- fiealion is to be made ;— ell tibose who have obtained 15 points and upwards, will §ie the second period in the seeond clas8> and those who have not obtained this number, will fire their second period at the same distances as the first, that is, in the third class. At the conclusion of the pmctices in the second period, the points obtained by each man at the several distances are to be added together, and the sum entered in the columns " total points," firom which a second classification is to be made for the firing in the third period ; all men of the seocmd class Hirho have obtained 12 points and upwards, MB to paM into the first class ; and all men of the third Class, who have obtained 15 points and upwards, into the ^^^^Meond class. Those men Who have not obtaiiked the number of points s^ified, will remain in the second and third classes respectively. At the conclusion of the practices in the third period, the points obtained by each man are to be added together, and the sum entered in the columns " total points," from n^hich a final classification is to be made, and entered in the columns for that purpose. In file firing the bullets strilsing the target will have the same value, m points, as in the third class, and will be marked collectively in the Form 1603. In volley firing the hits are to be counted as in the second class, bullV^yes being reckoned only as centres. & ddrwidiipg the hits aie to be counted as in volley fifing $ boll Wyet bping only tthied aa centres. 73 The average points obtained in tho " skirmishing prac- ** tice/' and in the practices of ** fil^ and volley nring," added to the average obtained in the first period, will give the ** figure of merit" of the shooting of the corps. The dates on which the preliminary drills are performed will be entered in the ** Musketry Drill and Practice « Return." i h