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"7 If**- 
 
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 The Winnipeg and portji pacific 
 
 RAILWAY 
 
 iiWii^Sftfiff^SfS^ 
 
 THE GREAT HIGHWAY 
 
 -OF- 
 
 The New North West 
 
 THE ROUTE 
 AND ITS ADVANTAGES 
 
 THE COUNTRY 
 AND ITS RESOURCES 
 
 THE MAIL JOB DEPARTMENT, TORONTO 
 
 A/ ■>..;., 
 
*>c 
 
 /» 
 
The Winnipeg ^ plopth pacific i^ailwaij 
 
 n «t 
 
 'I'ho Wiimii)('(^ iV Nortli Piicil'ic llailwaj Coinpiiiiy is innnri>orat<'il liy an Art, of 
 till' I'lirliaiiiciit of the Domiiiioii of CiiiiaiJa, pivshimI on the 'iinl day of ■liiiic. iHHCi, foi' 
 tli(( |)iirpoH(!ot coiiHtiiKaiii^; ami opi'ratin;^a lino of niilway, liiiviu}^ its eastern terminus 
 at or lu^ar tlie (!ity nf Wiiniipe^, in tlu; l*rovinc<M)f Manitolia and its western terniinns 
 oil tlio I'aciti(; Coast at or iioar l''ort Simpson, sitnatn at tlio mouth of tlio Skeena 
 l!iv(T. 'I'lie t^oiieral course oi the road is northwesterly, (Tossing,' the Sasluitchewiin 
 Hiver near the forks of the nortli and south hranches of tin? river, tlienee hy f,ac La 
 ltic}io and Iiossor Slavo T^nku to Duiivo^'an,at present a post of tho Hudson May Com- 
 pany in tho I'eaco lliver District, hroni hiinve^jan the line runs in a westerly 
 dircctiou in tho I'caeo Uiver Valloy to tho valU^y of tho {''inlay Uiver, thence on a 
 westerly courno to tho Pacific Ocean. 
 
 It will ho seen that th<' route jiroposed passes throtinh tlie " (ircat Miicken/ic 
 hitsin," the re>ourees of which have formed the suhjeet of (Uiipiiries hefore a stdeet 
 eoMimitteo of tin; Senate of C'amida, bhe result of which is stated in the partial report 
 which that committee has issued. 
 
 Tho .Act of Incorporation authori/cs the IJailway Comjiany to eonstnict find 
 opj'rato vessels iu navi^^ahlo waters alon^^ or near the proposed route of tlu^ railway. 
 This is au important advaiitat^o, as the i)ropose(l lino will counoct at various poiuts 
 with rivers and lakers, ^iviiij,' access to an oxtc-nsive country rich in natural resources, 
 from which an immenso trade will ultimately ho drawn. 
 
 A i^roat (h'al of valuahlo information couoorniuK this country and its resources has 
 heon compiled hy Mr. Morris, whoso work is puhlished herewith. Tho practical 
 advania<^es of the proposed route of th<! ^Vinnipo^{ iV North Pacific Uailwiiy over any 
 of till! other trauscoutiueutal railways are also pointed out hy .Mr. .Mortis. 
 
U.nU"\\M\0\^\^t- 
 
 Miuli liiiH hi oil wiitliiJ iiiiil M|iiiluii iil.i.iit. tlio Noi'tli NV«'.-.t, Iml a Mint iIcaI uf tliti 
 
 moHt inipidt'tiit is lockr-l up in ortlintil n ports iiinl liliu; IiooUh, wliich arc open in loin 
 piinaivi'ly ftiw. It Ih mIso a lart thai thii pupiihir idea is, tliat win ri thti Norlli Wiht 
 is spolioii of, it iMcaiiK only tlu^ I'rovinw ol Manitnlia. or at iiio>t llio cuiiiitry couti'^ii- 
 oiiH to tho liiH! of till) Caiiadiiiu racitio Uuilwuy. I lia\i'. thoroforo. iiniiy huiiihlo way, 
 tii»!il to hriii;{ JH'foro yonr iioticf llic iniicli vii»lt\- coniitry, wliicii is tlio iMiitaKo of 
 ('aiia(hi-"" riit^ Now Nortii Woht ' in ilio iiopc tliat h« hire long tint railway I alln.l<' 
 to will 1m^ hnilt antl thiH vast ami rich rr^ioM he uddwl to onr civili/atiou and com- 
 inorou. I havo contiunHi^l and coinpilfd tliesu pnnfs from tho writinns of MacUcn/ic, 
 I'.iillor, IhjWKon. tho ri-ports of tho tJt"lo<^ii':il Snrvoy of Canada, and Mr. Sandford 
 l-'liMiiing's ri'ports o i tho railway siirviiys, husidiis oxtrarts from sarious nowspapfrs, 
 so th'it all tlnit is placed h. foro you in this littlo hnwlniir may ho coiiHidcrcd ns hav 
 ii)g lii'oii tal«"n from th<! most loliahlc and iiidopoiuhnt sourcoi-. All of which is fully 
 coiioho atod in roimit of tlu^ Siiict Comimttoo of tho S«)nato ot Sossion of IHHH, 
 appoint" d to oiniuiro into the rosonicc s of tho ^^reat Muckcu/io Ka^in and thv ontirc 
 suction of country which is to hi' traversed hy tho projuMcd W. vV N, rucitic Uailwny, 
 
 heroin dcscvihcd. 
 
 Your ohcdii'Ut Hcrvaut, 
 
 I'KiMii, .lanuary, |h8'.». 
 
 W. J. r^ORKlS. 
 
♦ 
 
 (EhE Dew DoFtF^-West 
 
 A low yvitH lun C'ljit. h'llli'i- |iii)ili><lii''l two ittttri'Htiiiu ImioUm mi tlir \ortlt wiiNt- 
 trii |>iirl<« <it ( 'iiiiiulii, the oiiii inUi I tlo' " dn iit i.oiir l.auii kihI tli< ntlu i tlu> " Wilil 
 N'orlti I. kill I ' Till' tli'st ri'ti'i rcil rliii tly t<i tin rr^ioii sniiili nf tin- Sit<,Kiit'-lii mhU, ivihI 
 tlui 1 1 III I II' " «iri' It Ii HU' l.'Uhl ' Mil luiii{i'r li 'li)iii{i tit It Till' (' I'. !l iilwiiy trdvi r4('^« it 
 Iroiu till' IN'I IliM r L'l till' I'licilic. iiinl tlif fi w -tr iijuliiii; liun-if ■» iiriiiiinl I'Tt flurry 
 liiivi' (;ri)\vii iiitii till' riili r|iri-iiiij rity nf V\ iiiiii|ii'^, lunl tmviix iiml vill i;;i -. ilnl tin' 
 lni>iiM'ii|ii', Hut to tliii north ol tln' >aMkiai'ii«<\vnii tlic " WiM Nnrtli i..iMil ' nIIII 
 rrtmniiM uii('liiiii|{('i|, with Its viint mill fortiii* louirii s. its iioliln furi'^tN, uritml ri\iTi4 
 iiiiii iiiiit{iiiHi'<'iit liiUcs, ridli ill itll tliiit i{(u'N to biiilil ii|i ii iiiitinii. 'I'liiM ^riitt liiimi, 
 till* • Ni'W Niiiili W'i'kI, ' liiit M\Miif-> till' ciiiiiiiin III till \Viiiiii|u'L> .v Nurtli I'lUiif'u 
 ItiiilsMiy t(i iiwiiKi'ii fr( III tin- Hlicp nt \<i\m n^cs, iitui nt tin' smiti'l nl' tlic steam wliintli' 
 til |i(>iir iiiit svitli iHi Htiiiti"! Iiiiiiil till! I'lioriiiniH riclics wliicli i<lii' clitiiiis us Idt mvii. 
 riiis is iiiit iiiil\' 111" o|iiiii'iii ot till' \vrit«ir Imt iiImo iW smiu' nt tli" tort'tiniNt jimiiinlisls 
 lit tint worM, lis lii'iiit; ulrKinly h iicciHHity. not iiiomly to iiltonl rouiii to tlic tlioiisiiiiilH 
 of ii^rii'iiltiirists who wuiilil ItncU to its (tTtiir valUiyH, Imt uUu ti ciiiiitnlists inolun^ 
 tiir |iiotitiililr iiiviiHtiiM!Mls ill cual, Niilt. oil, co|i|i('r iitui iiiuiiy oilu r iiidiiNtrii'H. wliilf 
 the yrriit priiirii'H, now mi silint wlu'ii ('oiitriisti il with tlu' titm-, hut ii f«iw' yi'iirs 
 since, tliiit coiiiitleHM herils nf luiiliilu wiiiiilei'cii umt thetii, will a;.;ain it sihiihI to the 
 hellowiiii{ of tlioiiNiiinlK iif ilotiieHtic (Mttle m the triifipliii)^ ot the lioots nf ntiiiiln rlcHs 
 ti oops ot Imrses, hut also us iit'loriiin<^ in lulilition to nil these ii still shorter unite 
 lietweeii Asiiitio (;niintri('M uinl Kiiropu thnn iH |ioNsihle liy any other wuy. mm niii\ he 
 Ht'eii further on. ami at the saiiio time have its I'aril'iu terininiis more illHtanl froiii 
 ihiuyiir ot ans toioit^n power than at proHt'iit. 
 
 I shall now eiuleiivor to jjive Monie idia of tho rei,'iiiii whieli hnch a roftil will opi n. 
 iiuil ill i\iilenre that //" /"/"' /"/ 'iiiinti i.i huh mini' will ijuoti! ;i recent urtiile in the 
 fiOiiilon '/'niiiK, which nnyn : " ('anaila, onr (lorruMpouilent tells iis, is ht'Kiiinin;^ to 
 iloiiht whether it has not heeii pushing iiiiitterH a littlo too last, hut when we n ml 
 his htiteiiit'iit of the vast iiiul varied capahilities of the region into whiih the railway 
 has hcen luishcd, tho hirtility of tho soil, diverHilied, when this fails, hy stores «if 
 tituher, which hit prunoiincos siunnin^ly inexhiiiiNtihIe, ami hy mineral wealth in the 
 torni of Hold, iron and coppor. with coal in aluindance near them, (/» "'/' li'ir-lli/ ijiks- 
 
 ! mil /III ran trill' ss n)' Ills I iiiii'l'lisiull llhll llii ill .1<l fifiiil H I im II / Hull lill mil f'l' im liinl'i' lllilll 
 Ii 111)11, III! I/, mid lliill ill il .lllilll tiiiii' llif iliiillil will lif linl II III till f till' t ''Itinili'lll /'ililfii 
 llililliilij Imn hirn miiiusul Illy fnil iiIiiIIhi' IIii>Ii ih nut fniini fur n fnli'illlil lilir /" ili> il hkr 
 
 iniik til llif imftii III' tljr firiKiiit liiii " Thus wroto the London '/'iini.t on "J.'ith Octohir 
 last, and ahoijt the satuf; time tho Sriniiijir .linifiniii said : The cnimtry north of iis 
 (the I'nited States) is not all Arctic, however, hir from it those who Know host hardly 
 nali/e how \ast istlic ne\. dnmain of arahlc l.iiid, which has jin-t heiti ojiened hy tho 
 completion of the ( 'anailian I'acitic Uailwav. '//c/ Imn ihurli nmri i-i lunin.i In i nii f i 
 iiiiiiinrlh, riisi ill fisirirrr.i iif 'ill liiiiil.-<, sl'imh vniilij I'lf <i''tiii"ii mil . Wheat is raisid 
 tiftei'ii hundred miles heyond the houndary of the Inited States. Nor is it wlieiit 
 aloni' that tlonrishes in the Now North, I'lie >_'randeiir of the Canadian tore:>tH is 
 prohahly Mi.c! one salient feature known to everyhdilv. The latest discoveries indicate 
 that tho j^roat(!st surprises may prove to he in regard to the mineral wealth of tlies" 
 uortherii rcj^ions," Thus it is seen that the leadint; thiukers of l''.ii^'Iiiiid and the 
 (iiitel States are hcoinniiiij to unrieistand what arichemiiire CaLada possl'ss(^H, mid 
 it is time that (janadian enttTprise should show itsi'lf worthy ol nucIi possessions and 
 not leave them ue^lected or at hest to he kept solely as a liimtinti i^round for trappi rs 
 and fur traders. 1 am ulad to add tliat jiromineut capitalists in our midst have also 
 hc^^un to think that it is time the Ntiw North-West is opened t<i coiiimerce, and last 
 sossioii of tlie Dominion I'.irliameut thev ohtained a charter to hnild v. ra Iv.av which 
 
Wkll. 1 (riHl, i mU l>ll4UKi tlt» " NN ill N"l til l.illt I ' llitil tliu lull I Wll»'ll Mrltl l>«< tito 
 
 tiumrml liivtiii |)> iiiilliDiM v«li-7 will iiukii tli*'ir iiciiiiu>« In tln' Nilv Nurlli\\ii*l .\» 
 Mit* uumitry in ito wtiil kiikmii uIom' to Uiiiuk|M'u, I »lll Itnuiu my raiii«rk>i iit lli<' Niir 
 row* itl l<4kii M iiiliuliii, IriHtliiii my ri<ii'i«<r« wilt kliiiiv A«<'<iiii|t'*iiy itm tu*rti<«4 lliu 
 coiiliiH'Ul, Ami hii'l tliiit M<«Mt>uii vMKiU'rIy iMitlicliinattiiuiihuiiiitry iiii|irovt', hUIiiiiiuIi 
 ulnii^ iIm> wlmti' iiiiiU' wii klmll hiil it<» ili'<«i>rt nr «»»(• |iUiim. ttiul II wt >\>t mii't \^ltll 
 NoiiH' nMiiiiii) I ih till' « ifUirK itortiMii, llii'v OMii ui itli»it»<l ull <'u><iiii Im iicUinu il hi i| 
 iiiiiiiiM vi'tilli III nritlih l.unU. At III) " SiirrnxNt tlx' lulhMiv wmitil ftrxt tmii'li <>ii 
 tlio w.itjrH'tt l.iiUi M iiitU)li«, wliuli I'lui lio iiovil fiirii4viuitloiinimtliM«ri|-< in tin' rlcib 
 
 Iiraiiii"* III llic t\tHi |triurii> liivi'l, iiml i>Mi>uilliiu iinrtliwittil^ ci)iiiiiii!tN vim llu Knirlonl 
 tiViT Ntilli ill • vf lilt Lili'i Wiiiiil|>'U. l.tU« \Viiiiii|ii iM< iiIho iiiit.s vi'lolirAliil tor tlii' 
 )|ii iiililii'« mill i|ii tliiioit ii( it '• wliiti ti-tli, itixl III lli> itiiiiii»liiiti' vii'iiiltv ■'( tilt) Niirnivvti 
 ttru to III l'iiiii>l iiiiiiiHlitiit Kii|i|i|ii<N III ttiiirlili's, uy|"**>>>)< 'It' A llUl)< tiiilliii ituiml II 
 
 CriliSOM till I Mil I ill I II ItlVi'l, wlii('lM'lll|ltil lll'Mllxlilt'ritlili lltUc nl lIlc Hill III ll kill) , W llll'll 
 
 IUm in till n.Miiii iuhI ikUii I'll M'lH till' Hiiutliirly iml nl l<ikU<' \Viiiiii|it U'mimIm, sstilili liint 
 NtrtitttlicN IIh wrtti'r^ lilli mili i lu llm iiortli iiii I ruiiC'lKX witiiiii iilutiit fmii iiiiti t nt llm 
 Hn^<lmt('ll)'^^.kll Itsvi r, Irmii wlilcli It h Hii|)iriiti'i| l>y tin .Mohnv l'iirtiiut>, uI li |iotiit 
 wliii-'i It liii'« llll'll |iri))iiiii'i| In (Ntuiil III iii<lt>i' t ) t'Xti'iiil till) uiivit{iiili)ii into tl)>kt unni 
 rivur. l>> til*' iiiiviu.Uinii (i( I. lUt'H I) iii|iliiii mill \N iiiiii|ii'k>iii<iIn iiml tin ■ Iriaiiisiiiti'r 
 iiii.' llnuii, cuiiiiiilfr.ilili i|iiiiiiiitlrN ot M|iriir<' iiirl ntliir linilia>r Niiiliilili lur miluiiy vou 
 Ntriii^tiiiii wii'tlil III' III nil nviiiliilili , uml lurun trintN nl liTlilti Imi I, H|ii'i'iitll\ on l.iiku 
 
 lKl,ll|tllill, WOlll'l III ilOl'I'nHlMi' Nsllijr llll< llllllll'lulH ■<;ill. iprillU-i "II ^'tit I'lil'it ill lillkc 
 
 VViiiiiil't'iiO'tii'H. mill in tin' nIhihh oI tin' I i.icU iiinl l'oirii|iiiii< iinMiiltiin, imui' witicli tliu 
 I'rtkilway woiilil \n\-^H, woiilil huoii lir nliii/tiiliin'l slnnily nmkr tliu K«>c'tioii liM ini|iortAUt 
 tti tliii .Mtiiitiiliiiiii iiM arr till silt vvoiUsiii'iir Synu'iHn to llir Stiitr of Ntiw \orh 
 Kiirtin r on til" viilli yM III tlu> Swim, Itc I hi'ir uii'l ( trrot ri>i rn woiilil It riiiicliK'l. 
 nil ot wli it'll Irnin tliiir In tile soil*, hm wiI! us llic tiHc of olitiiiiiiii^ >iU|i|ilnmo( tiinlitrr 
 Hiid K'l" I wiUiT, iit'i' (Mii'tiiiii to utli:i''L iiMiiH toiih -M'ttliTM I niiiy N|ii'('iully iiiintion 
 Mil' MwiiM IliviT valley, wlii'if onu triiitt ot Imil nlsDinc nixty iiiilt'M in Iniuili liy nlioiit 
 twoiity III wiiUli i'4 noi ><l u-< ln'iii'^ v\ r|iiiuiiiilly licli iiinl npi riiilU Niiittil (or iiuriciil 
 tiirc llnyoii'l tills till' I'oiintry is lui'K*>ly u<i>ii|iosi'il of iiinliiliitiiii; |irn.lrii', v\itli fri> 
 i|iii'nt H'irill liiluM, iviiil riil^'i"! vvliii'li iiiii ^iiii'iiiily ui'll \v(ioi|i>i|. iimi iliis is Halil to Im 
 tlio cli'U'.iiJti'i' ot tliii iMiiititry in this Hiirtioii iis fur nurtli us it Inis liniii oiii'iiihI. I'lir 
 tlmr Wi'sl uml I'ml ii In I'lirni' i'^ rcacluMl on tlii! Siiskiiti'ln'\viiii Itivtjr, ii tVw milis lulovv 
 tlh' |Miint wiiiit'i' iliii tkVo i^i'ciit Htn iiins niiiti, uml tluiH woiil.l In in^ llin iiiilwuy in 
 coiitiict svitli till! n:ivik{utioii ol tlii'sii ri\iirs vvliicli unclosi' lit'tvvii'ii tliiin un iiiiiiii'Usf 
 ninoiint ol viiluulili' iiiinl, anil ii'i a ^ovorniucnl ^uolo;(ieiil uxiiioicr iuiuoiiiicliI a nlmrt 
 titiM) a^o ill till' Toronto .)//", " tlirst' lunih contain in inlilition to tlu'ir valiiu for 
 fai niiiin jiiit|ioiot, liiNiiiiis of tons of oxci'lltiiit coal Tlu- liunl at l''ort a la i 'oriui is of 
 I'KiH'llitut <|ii ility, ami t<)i iiiaiiy vi'urs past a ooiisiiU'rulili' Hinouiit of wiu'at auil otlni 
 uiintals ll isi! Iici'ii raisi'ii tlii'ii' with iinviiryin^ hiicuohs, aii>l a Uw inilt'H to tlir suiitli 
 lu'i till) lloiirisliintj; M-ltlniiiiit ol Priin'i: Allmrt, tlii> iinnliici' of ulioso rich ^raiii liohU 
 w mill witlnml; iloiilit u'lil to llu> frci^lit tratllc of tlii-i iiinv noi'tliiTii railway. 'I'liii next 
 iruportaiit stroiun til It wonlil lie ri'acluMl is tlu' lloavir lliviir, wliieli, llowiim nortli 
 wards ti till) Cliuri' nil llivcr, woulildovi-loiia vast tnictof cmuitry with lu'uvily wooilml 
 valliiys, ami wliosi- rooky ran^os aro holicvcil to ho rich in iron ami otlit'r niiinralH. 
 while tho niitui'ioiiH laUrs troiii with t'ish ot tln> lincst i|iiiility. Next tlir vt^ry iiiipor- 
 taut si'tllcinoiit ol' I.k; la lliolio wniild ho ri'icln'd. IIito thcri' Ih a lar^o hall hrufd 
 popiilaliiMi and a It. ('. Mission, wiUi clnircli, cuiivuMt, otc. Ml around tho lakt! ar«' to 
 I) I HC'i'ii ivKulortahiiMlwi'lliims and widl oiilt.ivatf I tirlds, which yitdd ahiiiidaut sup 
 lilins ot till! hi'st win' it. wliilo tlie lalio ^ivosan iiniiinitud i|irititity of wliitntish. Wi-st 
 orly from this and tho .Vthahasea Uivor h crossod. This lino iiavinahlo rivtir, which 
 risoH in the ^ illow Head I'.iss of tlu,' liocky Moniitaiiis. iH tho hc^^imiinn of tlu- iiiobt 
 iiii|iort;int si'cLioii nl tin- "Now North \\ I'st," as in it-i course northwards from tlin 
 point of crnssiiiy hy llii' Winiiipi'H ,v .Nnrlli I'acitie llailway, it liavi'rscH a ^roat 
 ri'^inn (if most unusual valm , whoso miiiural and a>»rii!ulturiil riclit's would almii' ho 
 suHiciciit to warrant tho coiiHtniction of tho railway; but I can host doscrihu it by 
 tho iollowim; extract frntii a Wiimipui; iiowspaptT : " .1 Imi'l nhi f' pi/inliinn niiis hi 
 " iiiiih', iiii'l itiliniiils of' III/ Intiils iiif filriiiiinl." 'I'lio f jllnwiui^ is taken from a lecture 
 delivered in Wiiniipcn hy Captaiii William Keiiiiedy, of St. AiidrewH, the .\rctic iiavi- 
 tiator : " I would also call attention to the rej^inn almiit .\tliaiiusca, which nnl\ awaits 
 " develoiimeul. I't'trnleniii is there rmiiiiii^ to waste, tlu; oil sprinj^s have nMrtlnwed 
 ■' the surface of the country for a s[iace of more tiian forty miles, and ruiuiinn aionn 
 ■' to the river the oil is carried into the lake, where it Moats on thi' surface. 'I'he only 
 " use at pre-<ent made of it is hy the ludiaus hoiliun it to tliu consistency of pitch and 
 " nsin'4 it for coatinn their emoes, etc. lu tho same rei^ion the 'iuest and purest salt 
 " is tlirawn from a sort of fointaiii : it is nearly as tine as tl'uir an 1 hrillianlly whiCe. 
 
 t 
 I 
 
 f 
 
! 
 
 " III tltlx ■iikiMii «iti<l|i>ii U fiMlii'l I'oitl, >tiil|>liiir, i'i'|t|w r, ilN>i«'at'»i rtiiil iitltrl «itliinl*U' 
 " iiilutritlx. A Ittlti'i |ii«i ihkiiiil (riMii iliitt )|iiiirti<r, >Ut<il •Ituinnry Int. *»)- ' >Vc 
 
 " li%vu klMiiiilitiu I hillk itiiit t'ri'iiiii. tMii 1)1 our (•own linvliiu ulnitiiv t'i»hr<l, niiil 
 
 " H'Miitt ttt our lii'hx, of wlilrli wi> li*vi< lltlrlv. ti(ivi< lr«>|{iiti to in) nlr* iitly hihI ut«r lu 
 " (iDiit hIx to nl^lit I'uiti* 'lAlly. VNt'ltavt) fro^li liiirku himI uiii*!, ilri>r initit. iimtMo 
 " liti>«l, lri'«li loKuiK'. Im'I'I, nU(Ml(<ll>'l)>ii>i mIiIIiIUIi mihI troitt. Nul H l*iiil l>lll uf lArc 
 " II Mi< it>i<l to It the \m\>\ lriilt>* WItli ^\lilrli tlm n itioii iilitiiiliiU, niiil lit*' \«Ki'tlll>U n 
 " Hliii'li ciittuntioii iir-Mtiii'i'N Atiiiiiiuiit tdn wiUl rmiiM tlmt i Uiu>w of Mit> rt'l'l'triico. 
 " >ttrii\s liortiKH. irniilN'rrux, •{■ioiii'l>«>rr|i , I'lirrniilx. »«liii<iii liirr\, • tr , itiul rlnilxirli, 
 " lurni|i«, cnrrotN nu>\ vikhUim''^ urow I. tiinniitlv. At i\»< II. I>. ( •• '* \»»^l Im ri' iiitil 
 " Mt riiiirt'lilll, wliti'li Ih on iiiiariy till' MMtiD' pitnillol. tin > ntixf rnltUi iii mitUcu ii( 
 " iiiiiiilii'rN to Mii|i|il> tliciM ultli Itcrf, liiitti'i mill iiillb I ito not hiiou II miy i»tt(<iii|>i 
 " hill VI I l>i'i II iiiiiiii' to rnU)' \\\n at nl Alliiiliii»cu, l.iit llin I'imki' lilxir It I'ioor li> iiimI 
 " iii'itil) III till' X'tiiii' iiamlli'l. iiikI m' all Uiiom llint tlii' liiiiMt wliial uiovmi mi llic 
 " contiiii lit I'liiiii'N rriiiit till' \alli<> ol I'l-ari' ItUrr, ii rivii mIhimk uutUl U itt lln' Mini 
 " liitHCW l.aki'. Iliikt tliU I'l ijiiiii wltli it>« Mf-t >W'allli >vlll iiiiu'li lon^jt r n iiaiii iiii 
 " liotlri'il liiiil niiltiitiwii l>« not to III' ilri'iiiiM <l of," IIm' MlialikNc t IIimi- n kmhi In itUn 
 xitnlliirly ili'^i'illml in muIoih ru|iort>4 iiui'li' l)\ I'rofimtiortt Miu'oiiii aiiil lli'llnl tlu'^io 
 Iii((Ii'kI Miirviy an Mt-ll im by tin- •'Xplonr- 'or tln' C I*. ItnltwAV, wlini tlii' iioitlurii 
 liiii' Man |itii|iiiMi>i|. |ly till' Ntlialin»«'a lllvcr lU'ci'xx i*aii In liinl a*« will In tlic ^i< at Inki 
 III till' Niiiiiii iiaiiii', wlili'li i'sIi'IiiIn itn xMtti'r>< In ,i i*nMt<>rlv iliicrlioM for nvrr tvMi 
 hull' 1 1 I'll iiiilix, >vltli t\ \\ ill til III •roni hill I II to tliiitv, ami wliilr itn t'i«lii riix firr liKrIy 
 til |>ri>Mt of unitt Miliii'i itx iiortlM'iii xlinri n ari< ximl to Im !iki' tliimn nf l.iil.i Huron, 
 rii'li in ('o|)|ii r ainl nllior iiii'IhIh . ImhuIix all tliin iti mitlnt. tin S|ii\i' Him i, w ill 
 allonl liy lt>i tiavtuation i any nciu'ioi to tlui niiulity .MucUiii/u' liivor, wliii'li lioWNtriiii 
 tliii tli'iMt Slavit liitko to tliM \rutic MiiA, traviirmnu an iniiiiiiNo ilUtrirt Niiitiklili< tor 
 aKrloiillnri). ura/inn ami liinilii'rinK. ('•>> ilw n-i iminini i- imi h'tir m iin ilhnniiri, 
 liiit iH a ri<({iiiii wlu'rii tin' ci'ri'iiU, wlii>at, outs, r>ii, I'ti*., coitii' to tlii'ir i(rrati'Mt |i«'r 
 fiictioii, III |itoof of wliioli wi' liavc only lo iioii> timt wliiat urown lit lorl l.itiril. on 
 till' riviT ot till' ^Iniintaiim moiiic IiiiihIiikU of iiiiliN nortli of iMiiivr^'an, lni" Imn jiro 
 noiiiK't'il till' tini--t ((ruwii in VniiTica, ami all that is iiinli'il In lintnaii i nti rprikc to 
 ilriiiaiiil ot tliii vii'uiii Hoil a sum inlirnl its latiiit wialtli to rnmiro a favmulil)' nnnwi t 
 ami an ani|ili' rcvvanl. Tlii' liasin of tli« Mackiii/in, wliicli iiiclinli'H in ii tint miIIi'Vh 
 of tlio XtlialiHsca, I'i'iicr iiiiil many otlnr lar^r rivtTH, Iiiin mii ari'n of 'i.Vi.lHiO i>i|iiiiri' 
 
 niili'N. an<l ot IIiIm vast I'Xttnl fiillv 'i Hi i-^ i-nitalilr for iIm'i ii|iation of rivili/nl iiiun. 
 
 till' I'liinati* lit'inii similar to tluit ot I'.aiti'rii < intario hr, Kiii^, inttnt'iiliHt to llii'«'X|ii' 
 ilition in Mi'iinli of Sir •liiliii I ranlilin, stiiti il to tlii' ruiiiniitti c of tlic ItntiHli IIoiimioI 
 ( iiinnionH , " S|ii'akin({ nf tlio M>ry sast ri'uioii ot wliirli tlio Atluiliascii in tlii' "iinllirrn 
 liniiuiliiry . I lii'lii'vo tlic toniiu'riitiirn to Im about tlif niiiiio ah .Montreal in < iinailii. 
 Aii'l ill IH7I .Mr. lloriilHky, in tlio ('.I'll. i'X|iloration rcportH, nayH : " 'I'lui i liniHti' ol 
 tliis ri'^ioii ami of tlio I'caor KImt \ all* y ui'iiiTallv is sonii'wbat similar to tlh't of Kcil 
 ItiviT, but till' iixtritincs of lii'at anil roM arr iintso ^ri'iit. am! tlic cliiiiati' is iry ami 
 salnbrioiis, ami is toiii|ii'ri'il by tlio westerly wimls wbicli lirri' |irrvaj| uml arc 'nilil. 
 'Ibis is till' ri'ijion wbicli cxIi'IhIh. bniiml on tlio wont by tin' Kucky MiHititiiiii'^. bir 
 to till) noi'tb wlioro tint (iroat, Sluvo l.ako i'X|iiimls its loiicly wiitrrs, swanniutj 
 with lisli, ami wboso short's arr Known to bo rich in llowin^ wi'IIn of iictiokiiiii 
 atiil lar^o ilopositH of (iXiolli'iit salt, whilo tlio vast Mackon/io ItiviT. a hcn'ml St. 
 Iiiiwrciioi', Hows north Honin 1,'Jil" niilis to whore it ileboiiilioM into the .Vrctict tccrcii. 
 ami iiiiiUes easy of acress what is sanl to Im' the best wlmle I'ishiii),' ^reiiml of that 
 far oil region. I biivo, bnwover, saiil emiiiuh to show that without ^oinu ^<> f'^r 
 north tiiere i-. in the valley of the riv«'r ami Liiko .Vtbabascu iiiii|ibT attrtietion 
 to tonipt till' ai^ricuitiirist, the en|iitalist ami the miner, iiml oiiIn tho ii ii 
 Htrtiction of a nuhvy is rei|iiiieil to lieveloji the vast wealth now hiiii^ iloriniint 
 ami usulosH to inaiikiml, so will (iioci.d westwanl from the crossing of the Atliu 
 basca over a slii^htly inoro elevateil country, eminently adapteil fornra/int^, when the 
 |j(?sser Slave Lake is reiicheil 'Ibis line sheet of wnti r, about 7"» miles lonu aiiil Ii or 7 
 wide, is liiieil for miles, h|i( ciiilly on its southern shores, with iiiitri use fnlils of blm 
 joint t^rass, which, we iire tolil. is freijMently liinhir than a iiiiiii s lieml, ami of which 
 i|iiantities are cut to serve as I'oililer for the cuttle kept at the II.H. I H.'s pi U (it the 
 western end ot tbti lake. I'lissiiiy on troni this liiUe ii fertile iiniirie is followi il eillirr 
 throunh the valley of the Heart or liittle Smoky Kivt-r. till the (ireiit Peace lliver 
 is roaoliod. This uraml streaii. rises on tho inst siilr of the Ibxiky Mountains ami 
 flows across them, ami tlowiny northwards, linnlly enters the Slave iJiver close to 
 li'iko Athabiis('a. 'Ibis river, whose ^'reat valley is often called the "(iardeii of the 
 North," coiiiprisiun, as Professor Macnun estimiileil in ISHd, about lii,:t,'")'2.niil) si|naro 
 acres of '^loil land, reijuires a more extembd notice, as it is vidiiable imt only for its 
 vast rich prairies, its wide, deep n.ivi;; ible strcuni, which will carry sicainers '.mO 
 
riiilrs friiiii itH t'scapi! from tilt) luoiintairiH, nwny ilown itM strciiin, liulnii: nu^iiin^ u 
 .-<iiij4l<' (ilt.HtriKtli'jii lo iiiiM^miiiii, liiit iiIm(j iiH it alloruH in itn ii|i|«-i' cuiiisc tlic i"iii.ii 
 'liiil iilsiLst /i'l.is iiiiii.ts /III iiiiiiii niii'ii III llii Hill 1,11 Mninitiiinit. In till' ( . I', li, H l.ort of 
 1H7I. l'rr)f(Hsor Macoiin niiyh: " Ah fur hh I cmilii jiiiiKi), lliu wliolu ol llio liiiid Iripin 
 " Little Sliivi! Lakii to Siiir>l<y Itivir, luul on ii|i totlir ImHi; of tli(! iiioiiiitain, in of llic 
 " VI ry li'iHt i|iiiility. Ah I liiil not tnivui o\ir tiu! wIioId trmf, I cmittot mhv from 
 " autiiiil olihirvation that tliiH ih ho, Imt xvlwit I hiiw lat liiint 'Jnii milcH in ii nt;tli of it 
 " w;n till! /i^/f/ /./(!•/ / li-nl ^iiii 'iiiifii III n . Till if wuh iiciiIk r iiiiirsii imr hVMiiii|) in iiny 
 " cxtMit,, liiit oiH ricli oxtrniiiMi ('X|i.iiis(' of ricli soil iilt<<i:i tli< r liivniil ol Nbinoi. .\|y 
 " olisiTvation ixiuH out, ail lliat Iihm liccn hhuI nt tiir lirtiiity ot tli<t iaml ■,i\iiiin tlif 
 " I'oaci! Itivcr, iiltlion^li I iiiii miicli ilisii|i|i(jiijti'<l to timl nnarciiy any si^iiH ot lariiiinj^ 
 " at I Minv'i^an. Two hinitll tioIdH Hfoni aii tiiat liavc in'iii ciiltisiitrd tlurc, oni; lor 
 ■' liirlcy iiiul till' f)tlior for |iotato(!H, 'I liis ^^<u^H on froni N'car to year. I lie siiiiii' s< i d 
 •■ is prolialily iiscil yoar altor }< ar, an it ortainly in uitli lint potatoos ; name is ntill 
 " too iilontitiil tor iiiiicii atti.'iitioii to lio i^ivin to ii^riciill.iiii-. 'I lie striaiii is alioiit 
 " (no yarilH wido at tluH |ioinl. It will Id; srcii tliat this ri'i^ion ot cinintr^' alotij^ the. 
 ' I'cacr liaH more of tiif prairie vi ^jctation tlmn tin; woodt.d country nt hlavi; Luke. 
 " ItH l!ora iiidinati'H liotli a driiT ami a warinur cliiimto than tlify liavc at tin- latt«T 
 " placo. 'I'liu prairi(! vc^^itation is ii.iiiir)ht idriitical with that at I'Minontoii, ( xcipl a 
 " fow t-aHti^rti MpocicM. That tlii' I'ciurt! iJivir i;oiiiilry lois an cxcuptional cliinati; 
 ■' anyoiK! soitiiij^ it iiiiiKt (ionlosM. W'hiio wo wrro travi'liiiii^ throiiyh it tin coiislant 
 " rocord was ' svarm siiii.-hiiif, wost wind, halniy atmoiphi to and sliii's of llio lirit;lit( st 
 " hliio.' Kvcn as lato as hith of Oclohor, tin' tlnriiioiin icr was th at daylit^hl ami 
 " 111 in tho sliado at noon.' Tho fon'^;oin(» is onoiii^h to satisfy my niuU'rs ot the 
 <4r(:at \aliut of tho l'(!ac(; Kivor N'allcy, hut I ciinnot rofraiii from (piotin^ in addition 
 from the Toronto O'lnlir nf 27th Nov. last, which puhhshcs an inters icw with tho l;< v. 
 Mr. lirick, a niisHionarj near l)uiiv('t^an. .Mr. iiricK said : " It would have to ho a 
 " very t^fiod olTfr that would tompt mo to iisc asvay from tlii; l'oac(! Ilivcr, although 
 " my stijK'iid is iJiily •'TTid a )car, and it I hiiy lloiir I have to pay over *lii a liii|^ nt 
 " 10(1 Ihs. I'caco Itivcr has hoon truly :,aid hy ()(^ilvic, tho huminion Land Siirvoynr. 
 •' to he the only ri\(r, worth calling; a riviT, wost of tin; St. Ijawroncci. It is a ^rand 
 riviT, and at I'oacc Kivor crossin;^ i.s nearly half a milo wide. Somn sixty njiU s 
 holow Voriniliion thoro is a fall in the riv(;r of ahoiit oioht fcot. lint for this fall 
 
 • tho river is luui^'ahk! foi' a dist'iii'io of a thotisand niilcs from the iJocKics, and the 
 hominion Siirvcvor told mo that \ hi; mattor of tho fall could ho ^^ot over wiflioiit 
 
 • much (lilficiilty. Tho hanks of I'taoo Ilivcr form a very t^radial slope upward, sonjc 
 "tsvo and a half miles wide, whiiro they run into ii tahlo land ahoiit MOO (cot ahovo 
 
 ■ the levtd of the ri\or. Tho southern hank of tho I'eaco Ilivcr is excidleiitly timliorcd 
 "and on tho nortlmrii slioro is found a rich and sploiulid jirairio country. 'I'he 
 '• c:lioioostprairio country inthodistri<;tisastripof ahoiit so vontylivo mi 1(;h Ion j^ and froui 
 ■' tifteon to twenty miles wido, hut there is an unlimited amount of land f'ack ot that, 
 " mori! or less timhored, whicili tin; surveyors, who went throui/h tin; country in I^SX, 
 ■ tell mo is as well adaptoil for ffirmiiii^ piirjiosos as the prairie itself, and is easily 
 •' cleared. The soil is a rich hlack loam, of from tweho to sixteen inclioH in depth, 
 
 • li(ivin(.^ a hliie clay subsoil iiiideriKatli, jnu'liajis two feet deep. ( )n the liijjh 
 ' ^^rouiid there is ^i;n(!rally s(!Voii or eij.;ht inches of sand hetwijen tlu; two soils 
 
 " Th(; II. li. (-'(). H ollicers for the last twenty \(!ars have heen uriwinn wheat on the 
 " hanks the low lyin;^ land. l!ut the siipiily of this land is Jinuted, while that of 
 " the liii.!h land is practically unlimited. )'ii:i inu/il iiilti niir Imli 'lir /in/iiil'iiiini <>/ ihr 
 
 "il/nilr / iiiiiinilnli i(/i llinr, nin/ fi/iirr /luiii mi i/nml funiis. I plaULvd Iliy Ke('d (/ll tllC 
 
 " lli^'h(!st ;^round I could find and the result was most satisfactory, as you can sic by 
 '• these speciiii(;ns of harley and wluiat." .Mr. lirick has now shewn " fall wheat of 
 which III; stiwed one jjound of ^rain in ii(;w meadow land, Hild feet ahove the river, 
 and which returned 75 pounds. 
 
 'I'he < I liihr Hiiyn the "'samples were well tjrown, larj^c! and mi/ liunl, and lit to com 
 
 ■pare with that ({rowii anywhere, althon^'h several varit;ties were mixed tet;ether. 
 
 Mr. lirick f;ontinued to say that the " (climate is ^ood, and is much milder than that 
 
 "of .Manitoha mikI tlie low lyiii^; jiortions of the North WCst I'rovinces. " Ih; has 
 
 idoii^hod as lato as the '2sih of ()ctoh(;r, and sown as early as the 12th of .\pril. 
 
 f'ontiniiint^ Mr. lirick said : " Wo. do not need t(j feed our horses at all ; thej' are out 
 
 ' all winter, and paw throut/h the IH inches of snow (we rartjly t^et it deep(;r) down to 
 
 ■• the rich prairii; orass. The horned cattle we house duririf^ th(; period I nam»;il. In 
 
 "summer we sutler tar l(;ss from the summer frosts than tho p(;ople ot Manitoha." 
 
 I'he ahove is the opinion of a H(;iitl(;man who has now heeu a resident of the I'eace 
 
 |{iv(!r country for some years, and has liad a jiractical trial of its capahiliti(;s for 
 
 fariTiiri'^, and comment is Uiin(;c(;ssary. So, as the ahove (|Uotations cover tlu; t^eneral 
 
 aspect of th(; whole I'eace l.'iver country eastwards from the mountains and north 
 
lu till' Mack* ii/iii liivir, I AmW imsv ImiJlv nill lillrntiuii tu tlinriJiHy iiimihh tliiii ^rniit 
 rivur littunli for iiriiMsiii^ tlu! inuiri riin^*; uf tint IIduUuih. Mr. Sumlfur.l (''liiiiiii^ lu 
 hin rtiport tor IHHO Hiiyt . Tlii' l'iirHiii|i iuiil I'iiiliiy UivitrH arc ciicli iiliniil. .'i()<i Ifi t 
 " wiihi iiL llioii r'liilliii'tii'i . aid iit'lms t.li.il poiiil \,\\f iiiiilcil sinaiii is Unuwii as llio 
 '' I'l ace i(ivcr, iiiul iiiiiMi'il iJiti'ly ciiIuch tlir pasH nl that iiaiim. 'I'liis |iaHH is hoiinilrit 
 " t'lir thirty iiiili'H hy riKMiiif/iiiriH, riniii^^ from l,(l<l<l t't 'O.OOd t'i'i't ainivc tlio vvat> r on 
 "each mJiIi!, Icaviiii.^ a valh'y alioiit halt a iniln wiiln hctwirii their hiiHi'H, throiij^h 
 " which the nvei ii;(l() to H'lo feut wiilei wii.iln triiiii sidti to Hide, having In iiclieH firHt 
 " oil oiKi side then on tho other, 
 
 " Thu only place \vliitr<! the actual inoiintaiii il(i|ies ahnt on tlie river in for three 
 " i|iiart«;rH of a mile at the hane ot Mount Selwyn, winch in tliere hold and rocky, and 
 "risen at an averajje hIojmi oI one in three.' 
 
 This fainoiiH " Pass ol tlie I'eaee Itiver,' which is known to he lower hy at Inast 
 1 <)()() feet tl'aii any other throii;.'l> the iiiniintains, wonM tlieii coiidiic; the railway 
 throiii^ii a region of liritinh Cohiinhiii, similar to that which ih folloved hy the 
 I-'. I'. \l., /./., well tinihered valleys, whosi! hiniher will yet provi of ^reat valiio, and 
 wlio.HO hordtrint^' inoiintaiiiM are hiiown to he rich in iiietallderniiH wealth, such as ^old, 
 silver heariii;^ lead, etc., and linally thi^ Uiver Skeeiia is rea lied, ami its valley would 
 he followed to tlit^ iippei' end of tlie Sinipsoii I'eiiiiisiila, at the oiiter e.\trc'iiiity of 
 which is placed Port SimpHoii, the proposed terminus of the W'liiiiipeK ^ North 
 I'aciCic Kailway. Port Simpsoii is reported on hy competent, ol)ser\(!rs as hein^^ ono 
 of the hest harhors on the .Nortli I'acilic coa.'.t, and is most ad vaiitii^ieotisly situated 
 as the toriiiiiius of a railw.iy desiring to compete for a portion of tiic .Asiatic traih^ nn 
 it is nearer, as will he seen hy the siihjoined lahle, to th<' chief ports of .lapan, (Jliiria, 
 et(;., than any (.>tiier, while its capahiliti> s as a harhor an^ suiM;inctly }.',iveii in the 
 following extra(;t from the report of ('apt. .1. <!. Itu-rid^^e, in \HSH: 
 
 " l)urin<^ .1 residence) of lour nioiith-, in the locality of Port Simpson ami ('liatham 
 "Sound, I did not ex|>eiiciice six liouis of fo;;. iind diiniii^ that period there wero 
 " only four parts of (hiys and iii!.;lits in whn h it would have liei n impossihle to see to 
 " navi^'ate vt.'ssels into port. I have no hc-iitatitjii in sayiiiM that it is one of the htjst 
 " harhors I was (iver in. 
 
 " Ships (;oiild lie aloiiMniih^ the docks at all times, and would rcipiire no towa<4(! either 
 " in entering; or t^oiii^ to sea." 
 
 Kroin Port Simpson to siy N'okohaii 
 " Port .Mo(jdy to 
 " San i'Vanoisco to '• 
 
 a is .•l,H.V) I 
 
 I.iil^ 
 
 4,170 
 
 lilt 
 
 liut even when tluj teriiiinns at Port Siiii))sr)n is niached, there yet r»Miiaiiis to he 
 noticed the valiiahle reu'ioii of the (^ue(:n Oharlotte lulands, which lie almost imiiie- 
 diately ill front, at a j^'euerid distaii'ie of ahoiit 7,"» miles from the mainland. These 
 islands are at present attractiii;^ coiisiderdlile attention from their vuliie in liiird (^lal, 
 titnhcr and t^ra/.in^; lands, as well as tln^ inexhaustihle lisheries of cod, hahhiit, 
 salmon and othrr vahiahh; sea products, which will yet make thoni second only iu 
 valim to the rsoasts of N'ewl'oiindland, whih^ hnt a short distanc(! to the north lie the 
 iiiiportant minint^ districts of Ala..ka, where idready our entiTprisin^' American 
 neit;hhorH are carryiii;.; on most exfiiisive ipiiirt/ (Tiishin;.; lor ^'old, on such a scale 
 that it is said that one part,y from San l''riiiici->co recently jiaid one miilion dollai's for 
 a property there, aiiil tliere is no douht hut tliat, when [iroperly explored, as it can 
 only he svhen the railway reacli(;s Port Simpson, that our own territory, hehind the 
 Ion;; narrow southerly e.Kteusion of Alaska, will prove to he equally rich in metallifer- 
 ous wealth, as it is known to he in the ipiality and extent of tin valuahlc forest.s of 
 yellow cedar. 
 
 I trust I have now hroiii^ht ]n:Uirt: my readers in an acce|)t ihloaiid as short and (!on- 
 c'se a niaimer as jiossihle the valut! f)f our .\'' //■ Xmih- IIV.s/, a vast country which only 
 reipiires t) he develo|»ed hy the huildiic^ of a railway to increases the valiKs of our 
 Dominion in tlie isycss of the civili/.i^l world a hundred times nK)re thiin it now occii 
 pies, and svith the certainty of at'fordiu^^ to lnni Iresils of thousands lia.|)py ami cnn- 
 tented homes, so that not many years can jias when these Jiow lonely plains will 
 have th(;ir towns and citi(^s, and (.'amiila will he nuinlwTcd anion;^ the ^rcat and 
 wealthy nations of tho (sartli. 
 
ADDi: NDA 
 
 A U w o( llio .idvantages of the Wiiuiipcg & North Pacific over othei 
 transcontinental roads as an investment. 
 
 t'irif hiiv f/niiirs, niakiu|4 (|iiicki'r Lime mid U»'h cost jxir inilu niiiuin>4 oxjk!Iih»'h. 
 I'liHHinj^ tiiruii<{ii u coiiiparjitivuiy iovt^l coiuiLry, tiu; cost por milt! lor coiiNtriictioii 
 iH much luHM. 
 
 .1 /•/(■/( fiinnhui, miiuTal and timhor country from (uul to oiid of tlio lint-, (idmittc d 
 by all to bu tho host wliuaturow iii(^ district in North Ariiciicii. (Sec evidence };iviii 
 boforo Senate tJoinniittee, IHH',).) 
 
 No arid pliiiiM or uufruittul section to be found ahni^ the whole line. 
 
 It is tiie only hue that will tap the head waters of '(//the t,'reat riverH of tho north 
 at uavinable points, and which will link them toj^cthcr in one connuercial chiiiu. 
 
 'I'hono firoat navi^iablu rivers are the — 
 
 Saskatchewan 1,1'K) miles mivi^ahie 
 
 Nelsou 400 
 
 Athabasca (lOO •■ " 
 
 I'eace (iOO 
 
 Mackenzie 1,1)00 " 
 
 all of which will act as feeders to the railway, and tof^t^ther with the j^reat Northern 
 Lakes brinf^ thousands of square miles of rioh country tributary to the road. 
 
 It will bo easily seen what an immense advanta^i' it is to auj' road to liav: such 
 an extensive ttsrritory, rich in all natural pro luijts, timbur, mi. erals, fi:rs, etc., 
 stretchinf^ from end to end of its line. 
 
 Some reasons why tho "Now North-West" slioul I bo opoucl by buildin<4 the 
 proposed railwaj' : — 
 
 1st. This railway runninj^ west a-id p:issiu^ to the north of the Sask;xtch(!wan at 
 an averaj^e distance of 'I'A) miles from tlu; Canadian Pacific l{ lilway, would, alon^ 
 with the latter, (enclose between them most of tlie Indian tribes, and bj' facilitatiuf^ 
 the movements of troops and police at any time, would have a more powerful moral 
 effect in quic^tint^ any turbulout spirits than even a larj^o standiuj^ army, and at the 
 same time the feeling of security to settlers wonld be immensely increased. 
 
 'ind. Tho road would be the greatest colonization scheme proposed in the Dom- 
 inion, as the country is scarcely as yet known except to the fow who have been em- 
 ployed on (rovernment explorations, and the difliculty of reaching its fertile phiins is 
 and will be so great that it nnist remain a fertile uninhabited wilderness until means of 
 eutrauco is afford'id by a railway ; and it is tlie intention of the directors of the 
 railway to use every exertion to induce .settlement year by year a i the road is extended 
 to the west. 
 
 ;5rd. Not o\\\), are vast mineral deposits of iron, coal, salt, petroleum, sulphur and 
 gypsum known to exist at various points along the route, but in addition to all this, 
 the greatest lumbering region in the western hemisphere will be skirted on its south- 
 ern edge, and not only this, but as the line will cross near their upper reaches most 
 of the great navigable rivers which traverse this vast lumbering and farming region, 
 will at once bring it into practical use. 1 cannot, therefore, do better than (juote a 
 high .\m( rican authority on this very subject, simply to show how closely our friends 
 south of 4,') ^ study our resources, P"d how willingly the^ would scoop in not only 
 our fisheries but also our forests into tlunr net. 
 
11 
 
 AN AMi;UUAN tll'lMON OK lANAIIA AM' ITn KKSOI'lll KS, 
 
 The tollowiiij^ in taken from tlio SlisHiHMijipi Niillcy l.ttmhif ninii uml MdMiil'urluiir, 
 aud iH ail instance of tin- t'celiu^ uxiNtiii>{ acronH the bordor ru^ardin^ thtr a^^riciiltiiral, 
 tinihor ami tniiioral iCHOiirut^H of Canaiia : — 
 
 " liiist ssi'cU we had ocoason to notice the comiiuuiceiuont of tlie couHtruetion of 
 the \ViMMi{>L';{ A iliid~.oii liay iiiiilsvay, and ailiKled to the niisiii)prehenHii i vviiieh 
 uxihtn in refertiuot to tlie ^roat rei^ion Ivoouii an itiitisli Aineriea, Htn teiiin^ ii t hroad 
 helt from tlir .\ll'iiiti<' to tliu i'acillc and nil noilh ')t the noitht iii honndary of tlie 
 I Uittid States to tlie Arctic renionn. 'I'iiiH haH ht^en a hrni innhjiuia to ail tlio world 
 except the lludHon Kay l''ur Coiupanv, who cartdully concealed its wonderH from tho 
 pulilic j;a/.o for a i:enlury. A tliin border of sottlonientMntrelciied tlieiuelvoH out tlie 
 lont^th of the St. Lawreuco Kivur, and pushed their w.iy wowt alouu tlu! Houllierii 
 liritish border until they have reached tlie I'acitic coast. 'Ihis belt of Hay 100 niilcH 
 wide and :i,()l)() miles lon^ h is b-en demonstrated to Ix! not only a habitablt! country, 
 but one ca|ial)l(; of Hiistainin^ as dense a po|iulation as the same belt across Kurope 
 and Asia does now. A ((uarter of a ciintury ayo a larne part (jf this belt was r« ported 
 to lie an arid waste, ho IiUmU aud ihisolate that oidy furred animals and l'ls(|uiinau\ 
 could inhabit it. Now Manitoba, .Vssinil lia and Saskatcliewun arc conceded to be the 
 best rivals if not superiors to Dakota an 1 Montana as wheat produciuf^ countries. 
 \ast mineral de[)()sits are Iminj^ developiMl, and forests c()mpar«;d with which all the 
 prini»;val tinjber of the I nilcil States was but a little ^jrove, arc; now known to ex- 
 tenil in an unbrokeh bro<id belt from the ('[iper Peace and Saskatclu^wau country 
 south and east across the Nelson Uiver and northern Lake \Vinnipe<^ country, away 
 over the Spanish Hivcr and the vast Ottawa reniou, and eastward way down to the 
 mouth of t.'ie Suj,'uenay Uiver aud southern Labrador and the Atlantic coast. The 
 vast and almost inexhaustible supply of timber would sup))ly tin; two coutiiuints 
 loiif^er than the fori sts of Norway, Sweden and IJussia have lasted Murojie. These 
 forests the rac(^s who anteceiied the |{ joiaiis (;oiiimenc(Ml t<i hew down, aud they are 
 still the j^reat source of Kuropean supply. What tliesi' threat northern woods of 
 Lurope are to that continent, liritish America will oueday be to this. What the pos- 
 sibilities of devt lo[)iiient iu British .\merica aie cannot now be surmised, but euouf^li 
 is known to warrant the belief that it can fetid the wdrlil. The bulk of tlu! population 
 of tho Tuited States inhabit tho belt n ado by ;J(') ° on the south, 48° on the north. 
 The next l'2° of latitude on our north and hundreds of miles lou<ier than ours is 
 callable of sustainiiif^ fully as f^reat a poimlatiou. Its nntural location iind facilities 
 for reachiuj^ the old world markets are lar better than ours, aiid under the fosterinf^ 
 care ami aided by tho enormous wealth of the mother country, its development ma>' 
 he far mor(! rapid than oven is the marvellous jiroyress made on our own side of the 
 line. The sudden construction of the tranHcoiitinental tiafllc line, tho Canadian 
 I'acitic Railway, has in five years fully inauj^urated an era of prof^ress scarcely paral- 
 l<;led iu the world's history NVe have not the figures nt hand to j^ive tho jiopulation 
 and wealth which has seemiu^iy spiuiii^ into exit-teuce in the North- West I'roviijees, 
 hut it is ama/iuf». The s(!Cond step in tlu^ j;;raud drama is the construction of the 
 Hudson liay \- Winnipeg Uoad. Tlies(i two lines, with the lateral feeders which will 
 sjieedily follow, are the certain means by which Mn^land intends to create a new 
 Indian empire out of which to till lusr c( Ifers in af^es to eouKi. This <^reat jiolitieal 
 movement on the [lart of our Greatest rival has a siuniticance to us beyond anything 
 wliit'h has occurred in American history, save the Revolution and the Civil War. 
 There is no (juestion but that the Mritish American Provinces can be made to produce 
 a superabundance of almost every comiiHulity now [iroducc^d in or exported from the 
 double tier of Northern States. IJreadstutfs, meats, wool, Imiiber, etc, which form 
 tlu! hulk of Northern States (export, are already produced in them iu such considerable 
 ((uantities as to seriously afT(iet our value at home aud abroad, 'i'hese provinces 
 promise soon to supply the I'liiropeau demand, and under their free trade privilej^e 
 (which means maternal protection), cheap liviiif^, cheap labour system, with their 
 more economical methods of life, can and do produce all the staple coninioditioH 
 cheaper than we can or do. 
 
 Another important factor is the threat matter of transportation. With our long 
 rail routes so crooked and circuitous that we have to ^o two thousand miles out of 
 our road to reach l%iirop('aii markets, and tliest! routes iu the hands of the most heart- 
 less and soulless corporations which ever affected a nation, who rend«!r fair comjieti- 
 tion with our nortli<irii lUMj^hbours an impossibility by their systems of extortion and 
 rohb(!ry. These considerations render it extremely doubtful if it will be possible, at 
 the end of another decade, for the wheat raisers aud stock producers of the North- 
 western States to earn r. bare livin<,'. There must be a radical chaufje or Asiatic and 
 
12 
 
 Itritihli Antnricaii oniiipntitioii will ilostroy tlin utOAt iiniiiHtrum of Miclii^aii, WIhcom- 
 HIM, MiiiiicKota iiiid DiiUotii." 
 
 'I'luMvliovf Ih li liiiHty Hicitcli (if tlu) vuliid chidtly iu Uio Itiiuhcr of the " N«w 
 Norlli Wcmt," nltlioii^li its IiiihIm iumI iniiu>i'iil wiultli aid iiIhh liiiitiilMl, liiit as fiiriiH it 
 ^oos a trim ii('scri|itiiiii of a rr^ioii wliicli wi' lidpii i-ouii to Ncti o|ic!ii(!il U|i hy tlin Win- 
 iiiptt^ tSt Nortli PacMt'ic Uiiilwiiy, wImii, iiistcad of tlit^ "Wild Norlii liiiiui,' it will lio 
 cliaii^cd into a iaiiil wiicrc liiiiiiiftH, towiiH ami cities will H|iriii^ up like iiia|^i>', and 
 tlio oil, Halt, ot<;., mow i^oiu^ to wiiHto will attract mk ii of iiicaiiH, who will ricct tlicir 
 factorids and i^ivr ( inployiiK iit to Miiiidicrs ol worluiicii, tin rchy iiiakiii^ lioiiio mar 
 luits for tlioMHaiidHof a^ru-ultiiri.-<ts who will I'lnd fari;,M without iiiimlior of tlio moHt 
 fortilu Hoil, riiily waiting for tho advciit of iiitolli^iut iiidtihtrioiiH iiifu to (^ivo tlium 
 aiiiph! n^tiiriiH for tlio lahoiir ('X]ii'ii(liid. 
 
 Tlui hcucrit to tlio Dominion of oiuniinn tliu " New NortliNVcHt " in ho nianifcmt 
 that it Ih t(< ho ho|)(;(l that no " do^ in tho inimi^t r " ]iolioy may Ik; mIIowimI to intor 
 tore, hut that tho proHtMit far stsoinj^ (lovtirnmcnt, will j;'vi! IIiIh •.Tout ('oloiii/.Htioiiand 
 National Itailway a lihciul allowamui ol the iiiisi'tth^l and now valiU'lcsM landH in tho 
 " Now North U'ost," Knowinj^ well that li> so doiii^> they wid ^iv*! tho country a " hacik 
 bone" and c^ro many sc^hsoiim havo [i.issod an anipli^ nturn in incrcam'd rcHourccn, 
 <ncrctiHC(| [lopnlatioM and tho hlcHsin^ ol thoiiHands who will make tlioir homes in IhiH 
 at prisont diHtaut region. W. .1. M, 
 
 <AN AMERICA:: OIMMONO 
 
 Extra t from "The Mississippi Valley Lumberman," edited in Minneapolis. Minn,, 
 of 14th June, 1889, Pai^e 8 headed, "Commercial Relations with Canada." 
 
 "Tho Special Committee of I'nited States Senat(! on onr Commercial Tlelations 
 'with ('ana la. visited Minneapnlis and St. Pan', this wtiok, and heard m.anufaiitiirers 
 ' and morchants toll what they knew and think on the snhjoct. The luiuher biiHineKH 
 'came lu for its .share of attcnition," 
 
 " Ma.iou (iko. a. Camp was tho last witness. Ifo had Hoinothinj^ to say and knew 
 how to say it in his own style. ,\fter j^'iviin^ his views rospectiiii^ the hinil)(>r interests, 
 
 ' ho said, further, 'Myid(!asof the resoiirctis of that northern country htryond tho 
 honndary ari! that tliev ar(i larf^i r tli.'in is ^^onorally thoiij,'lit. In my oi)iuion the 
 
 ' child is already horn that w ill live to see tlu; day wlu'ii the ^'reat wlu^at belt of the 
 world will bo north of tho line of the C'anadian 3'acilic Uoad.'" 
 
I 
 
 i^ 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
CoMPAffATIVC: PMOrtLESOr AMCfitCAN AND CaNADIAN R^CIHC RailWAYS. 
 
 
 ""•i • r Cti 
 
 
 ■; i 
 
 :i -i 
 
 
 i 
 
 Ik 
 
 
 .^ ^P ^^ 'if'l Mff.fr 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 "j. r^M 
 
 
 y-IOPOStO Vi/iNNlHO AND Hor^TH PACnn, U f> VIA rCACC »H/Cn VAILCY AND PAfS 
 
 J; 
 
 
 1 u ^ 
 
 « :< 
 
 -GT" 
 
 
 CANADIAN PACIFIC Hf VIA XICHING HORSL PASS 
 
 I 
 
 ^ '■= ;c, 
 
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 •'vrr^^ 
 
 ■/JPH""- • 
 
 "a.. 
 
 NORTHIi:f?N PACIFIC ff R 
 
 
 
 A- 
 
 1 
 
 ■^ 
 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 J 
 
 '\ 
 
 i 
 
 UNION AND CENTRAL PACIfIC ff.R. 
 
 Sht Lt¥tt 
 
 ATLANTIC AND PACIHC R R. 
 
 Cju'f of \fth*'irn.a 
 
 i \ 
 
 2 
 
 
 t 
 
 Jpa it^pl 
 
 ._^^£" 
 
 
 > 
 
 .1 
 
 ATCHISON TOPEKA AND SANTA FE R R. 
 
llritJN 
 
 Mill, M 
 
 '[ 
 
 North 
 
 t{l)()S II 
 
 rii|M-K 
 cliniii; 
 till' oi 
 tnctor 
 
 u«1h r. 
 
 fortilc 
 iiiiipic 
 T 
 tliiit it 
 tttro, I 
 Nutioi 
 " N»t« 
 Imiiio" 
 iiiori'ii 
 at [in 
 
 Extra 
 of 
 
 " with 
 " anil 1 
 " »:iiiiu 
 
 "J 
 " how 
 " lit) Ha 
 
 " ilOllll 
 
 "chiM 
 " worli 
 
MAP to 
 
 BXPLAMATION. 
 
 P«troleum 
 Tvnitonr 
 
 1 Aurlflsrous 
 J Tsrrltory 
 
 Limit of the 
 — Terrltortal 
 Inveatlffatlon 
 
 NOTB-The names 
 of Bconomlc Min- 
 erals are printed 
 in red. 
 
MAP (0 accompany Report of Senate Select Commill^e on Resources o 
 
 IIO 
 
 i.U) 
 
 VH} 
 
 IIO 
 
 MN> 
 
 IN) 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 ^MfT-^"" 
 
 CO 
 
 
 .'>o 
 
 lOi 
 
 /^di< v.> 
 
 V^-** 
 
 
 
 ^,A. IS'^ BARREN J3fe^*'"'"''2,» 
 
 
 
 '^„ 
 
 
 
 
 Vfkuvinrr 
 /•nffin/f 
 
 ACMX, ■■ ABOIT jHnlMILIi.H - I INCH 
 
 
 
 
 
 OnfiimhiiiM* 
 
 -H) 
 
 l.SO 
 
mill^e on Resources of (ia'at Mackenzie Basin. 
 
 ion ,..•.. IN) /lo 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 BXPLANATION. 
 
 Pfttrolaum 
 Territory 
 
 Auririiroua 
 T«rrtt<iry 
 
 Limit of tta« 
 — Turrlturl&l 
 Iuv««tlgatlon 
 
 NOTB-Th« nam«a 
 of Ooonomlc Mlu- 
 enUH aro printed 
 lnr«d. 
 
 '0H^hMf 
 
 
 .H^Ui'nniula 
 
 (iO 
 
 50 
 
 M) 
 
 MoHun-. A I ., I, Mil ritl^w.. Ohl^ j 
 
MrU 
 
 Mill, 
 
 Nnt 
 
 K>MN 
 lll|N 
 
 oh» 
 thii 
 
 r>t<i| 
 
 fort 
 iiin| 
 
 thnl 
 li<r« 
 
 N*ti 
 Hi 
 
 holll 
 
 iiKin 
 lU p 
 
 Exlr 
 c 
 
 • 
 
 "wit 
 
 "OlUD 
 I 
 
 "ho? 
 "Ill) I 
 "l>oo 
 
 " oiii; 
 
 " WOT 
 
MAP •howlnn the Pot*to«i, lUrlry. tttid Wheat. 
 Prepared hy HoUtf^^^ "" M>*« krutir lUn.n, 
 
MAP showing the Barren Grounds, Arable and Pasture Lands, Northerr Limits of Tre< 
 Prepared by Robert Bell, B.A., Sc, M.D., LL.D., Assistant Director of Ihe Geological S 
 
 IH) 
 
 i:t() 
 
 I JO 
 
 IK) 
 
 loo 
 
 !)() 
 
 T^ 
 
 <^z'"^ 
 
 
 
 
Jortherr Limits of Trees and of the possible cultivation of Potatoes, Barley, and Wheat. 
 :tor of the Geological Survey of Canada, to accompany Report on Mackenzie Basin. 
 
 loo 
 
 !)() 
 
 /{() 
 
 1(> 
 
 (lO 
 
 'Tl 
 
 
 The Barren Grounds. 
 
 r 1 
 
 I Wooded, mostly rocky and swampy, but with 
 
 some areas of good land. 
 
 L I Arable and Pasture Lands, wooded. 
 
 " " " prairie and plain. 
 
 Northern Limit •of ripening of the Potato, 
 
 Barley. 
 
 " " " Wheat.