• 00 h- 00 Q UJ I- O UJ a. O UJ _i -I O o < < o < MEMORIALS OI" ACADIA COLLEGE AND HORTON ACADEMY FOR THK HALF-CENTURY 1828-1878. Alemento dlerum antiqiiorum, cogita generntiones singulas* MONTREAL. DAWSON BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS. 1881. UBRARY /ill 18 6 3 6 Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year 1881, by the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. rREFATORV NOTE. Thk publication of this Memorial Volume has been delayed by the cares and labors connected with the re- building of the College. But the I took contains matter that is of permanent value ; and, ])erhaps, it may be re- ceived Mith greater interest because it nj.jiears some time after the occasion on ^^hich several of the papers here preserved ^^ere first presented to the public. In some instances the same facts a}»pear in diflerent ]tarts of the volume ; but as each ^vriter has ]»resented them from his own point of view, it has Iteen thought best to let the papers stand without modification. It is quite pro- bable that the Record of Graduates mav not be correct in all cases ; but it has been prepared with much care and after extensive correspondence. It was not intended to include changes that have taken place since the close of the year 1878. The material of the Ajtpeudix, excepting the Legislative Acts, was found among the papers of the late J. W. Nutting, Esq., for many years Secretary of the Education Society. WOLFVILLE, N.S., November 22, 1880. CONTENTS. Taoe Address by the Rev. E. A. Crawley. D.T).~T?i( !fhe avd Prof/rrx^f of H'fflifr Ednraf'tun in fonnf^rtiort mfh the litite period, hy the Her. D. It'. (\ Diiiioih. A.M. 123 Records of the Graduates of Acadia College hy the lier.S. W. JJeljloi.^, \S4^ to I8.*i8 UO By B. II. FMton. E^q.. A. M.. 18.5S to 18f;o 1 r,8 By Herbert f. Creed. A.M.. 186.^) to 18r»(; 173 By Albert Coldirell. A.M.. 1867 to 1878 18'.) List of Graduates of Acadta College, 1843-1878 207 APPEXDICES. A. Btportofihe Ednration Society for 1832 216 B. Sc/iednle of PnpiU- nt Horton Ant demy during the year 1 838. 236 E^-tr acts from linordx of the Ediwation Society. 1843 and 1838 242 C. Petition for Act of I mo rpo rat ion 246 D. Charter and othfT Leginltitice Act* 251 1828-1878. THE ORDER OF EXERCISES OF TUB Jiftirth g^ttttlvetjJata OF THE INAUGURATION OF THE BAPTIST EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, IN WOLFVILLE, N.S., JUNE 6, 1878. « ♦ ■ By the Rev. G. E. Bill. INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS, by The President. MUSIC. ADDRESS, by the Rev. E, A. Ceawlet, D.D. ADDRESS, by the Rev. J. M. Cbamp, D.D. ADDRESS, by the Rev. C. Tdppek, D.D. MUSIC. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF GRADUATES OF THE COLLEGE From 1842 to 18o7, by the Rkv. S. W. De Blois, A.M. CONFERRING DEGREES. AWARDING PRIZES. NATIONAL ANTHEM. ,'.T ! I ADDRESS BY THE REV. E. A. CRAWLEY, D.D. THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES. THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, IN CONNECTION WITH THE BAPTIST DENOMINA- TION IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES. The human mind incliies to magnify what is wholly or in part unknown, and to conceive of years and events before its own time as teeming with matters of historic interest, when it may be there is little to record. To this tendency it might not be improper to refer the resolution passed at the last meeting of the Conven- tion, which calls for a history of the rise and progress of the higher education of the Province of Nova Scotia in connection with the rise and progress of the Baptist denomination. Such history, if there be indeed materials of w^hich it may be composed, ought certainly not to be lost ; but, may not the question reasonably be asked, whether materials of sufficient consequence to compose any narrative possessing the dignity of a iistory are likely to belong to the comparatively short period referred to ? Biographical notices and sketches of character of no small interest might be given ; political contests of the hour in which our educational concerns became somewhat involved, with the alternate struggles of hope and fear, success and disappointment, might fill an ephemeral page, but history holds a severer pen ; and Il ll - 6 Origin of fforton Collegiate the utmost that would deserve so august a name might perhaps be little more than this, that, " in the early part of the nineteenth century, the Baptist churches in Nova Scotia and the adjacent Provinces of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island instituted measures for the promotion among them of higher education, and to this end founded a high school and college at Wolfville in Nova Scotia." It is true writers of history are beginning to allow themselves a wider latitude, and Mentzel, the German critic, gives, as a growing opinion, in which he seems to coincide, that " religion, manners, culture, and so forth, belong to history " ; but he, at the same time, names a writer of the highest reputation who did not believe himself capable of writing a work " in this broad spirit," a formidable obstacle in the way of those who are almost wholly unused to the presentation of facts of a very varied character. On the whole, however, it is perhaps needful to diverge, if possible, in some dej^^xee from the strict wording of the resolution of the Conven- tion, and we offer, therefore, on this occasion, a paper entitled, " Historical and Biographical Sketches, relating to the Commencement of Higher Education in Nova Scotia, and to the Origin of Horton Collegiate Academy and of Acadia College." The greater breadth of subject thus obtained may possibly respond better to the expectations of the audience. To members of the Episcopal Church are, doubtless, princip«,ily due the earliest efforts for the promotion of Academy and of Acadia College. academical and collegiate education ^'n these Provinces. Several years before .the last century closed a re- spectable classical school was maintained in Halifax, largely by the influence of that Church, which "'.vas followed by the founding of a similar school in Windsor, mainly through the efforts of Dr. Charles Inglis, the first Anglican bishop of Nova Scotia, and father of Dr. John Inglis, also subsequently bishop of this Province, who probably is remembered by some still living in Aylesford as often resident on his estate of Clermont in that township. In the establishment of the school at Windsor, the first Bishop Inglis was ably assisted by Dr. William Cochran of Trinity College in Dublin. Under Dr. Cochran collegiate courses were also com- menced at Windsor, which soon resulted in the found- ing of King's College, under a charter from the Crown, and by means of moneys received chiefly from the funds of several societies in England. It will be needful to refer hereafter at greater length to the restrictive character of the early constitution of King's College, in consequence of which few members of other communions have enjoyed its advantages ; but a brief reference to that subject may, in the meantime, be permitted in this place. We may disapprove of religious tests in schools and colleges, and may seriously lament the loss which those suffered who were thereby debarred from collegiate instruction ; but it would be unjust, nevertheless, to deny that a great benefit was conferred by the Windsor 8 Origin of Horton Collegiate Academy and College on the interests of education in the Maritime Provinces. Even the so-called Dissenters must have felt, unconsciously perhaps, their influence. Thousands who did no more than gaze from a distance at the time-honoured walls of the old pile of wooden bays that look down proudly from the College Hill over that magnificent sea of green meadow that spreads in front, eucircled with its grand edging of hills and forest, have carried away with them often, doubtless, a dreamy notion, if nothing more, of a kind of teaching, believed by some, as they heard, to be loftier and nobler than Dilworth's spelling book, recited as a complete educational course, for the fiftieth time, in a dingy comer to some aged crone with spectacles and snuff- box, or to some wandering foreigner reeking with rum and of more than questionable morality. But, while some might receive only indistinct and vague impres- sions, others, as they gazed at the same scene, would more clearly apprehend the value of the work which the buildings on the College Hill brought to their thoughts. There soon arose also, in various places, more tangible results of the labours of the professors at Windsor. Men educated at King's College were becoming known in various places as successful lawyers and physicians, were amassing property, and acquiring political weight. These are a sort of results that obhge men to value the causes that produce them. Many people in the Provinces had imbibed a preju- dice against the education of ministers ; but even they Academiy and of Acadia College. knew it was needful in other professions ; and the rising and intelligent youth of the country, of all classes, began to sigh for equal advantages with otliers. The Pierian spring had issued forth, and many thirsted for its waters. It is proper to mention here, that among the Episco- palians of that time were some men of too liberal a spirit to approve of the restrictions formerly in force at Wind- sor. The writer has heard the first Bishop Inglis named as one of these. He personally knows that Dr. Cochran alwr s judged the restrictive policy to be un- wise. In both institutions at Windsor, first, in the school which eventually grew into King's CoUege, afterwards in the College itself, as Vice-President and Professor, that gentleman laboured effectually for many years to the great advantage of classical education. The memory of his liberal spirit, his genial disposition and attrac- tiveness to youth, as well as many personal kindnesses received from him, makes it very pleasant, though after so many years, to record this testimony to his worth. Had Dr. Cochran's liberal spirit prevailed in the coun- sels of those who gave direction and form to King's College, the restrictive policy w^ould never have had an existence there. But Providence, apparently, designed a Baptist College to arise in Wolfville ; and the Windsor restriction concurred with other circumstances to bring about that end. The close character of King's College compelled the excluded communities to think of found- ing colleges of their own. 10 Omgin of Horton Collegiate It may be interesting to notice, briefly, some special causes that produced the restriction. The lamentable war of 1812 and 1813. occurred with our brethren of the United States. Halifax harbour became crowded with hundreds of rich prizes, captured by British pri- vateers and war-ships. Lawyers were busy and growing rich in the trial and condemnation, or ac- quittal, of this immense property. Innumerable ques- tions of admiralty law arose, requiring special skill in adjudication, and the Imperial Government sent a Mr. Croke, afterwards Sir Alexander Croke, an English lawyer of high repute in that particular branch of jurisprudence, to preside over the Admiralty Court. Mr. Croke was a graduate of Oxford, and a stout adherent of the Established Church of England, and appeared to be of the belief that his university and church, if not absolutely perfect, were immeasurably superior to all others, and the best models that could be followed. The question of publishing a system of re- gulation and government of the infant college at Windsor came to be considered while this gentleman presided in the High Court of Admiralty. As a classical scholar and an eminent lawyer and judge, his voice seems to have been final in the composition of the college statutes, copied, it appears, pretty closely from those of Oxford. The exclusion of the so-called dis- senters by means of the test of subscription to the Thirty- nine Articles became inevitable, and the more liberal and Academy and of Acadia College. 11 really wi^er counsels of Dr. Cochran and Bishop Inghs were overruled. The injurious matriculation test was many years afterwards withdrawn, but the timo when pupils of all religious persuasions might possibly have been united in King's College had passed. It was now too late to induce other Christian communities to resort to Windsor for education. The religious denominations began to see their interest to lie in founding higher seminaries of their own. Perhaps it will come eventually to be admitted that Providence in this way secures to a country more life and vigour in the superior svstem of education. * Early in this century, Dr. Thomas MacColloch, belonginor to one of the Presbyterian bodies in Scotlaiid, settled in Xova Scotia ; and finding Windsor College closed to all who could not conscientiously subscribe the Episcopal articles, he commenced at Pictou a high school or academy intended to become in time a college, designed primarily for Presbyterians, but open also to students from any other communion. Dr. MacCol- loch's labours, besides directly communicating instruc- tion to many, tended greatly, no doubt, to diffuse a better estimate of the nature and value of education, and are still remembered with satisfaction and respect. Many of the leading Baptist Ministers stood on very pleasant Christian terms with Dr. MacColloch, and a large number of youth from the western parts of Nova Scotia would probably have been sent for educa- 12 Origin of Horton Collegiate tion to Pictou Academy, or Dalhousie College, whither Dr. MacCoUoch finally removed, had not the course of events occurred which led to the establishment of the ediicatioial institutions at Wolfville. To reach a clear understanding of the character of those events, various elements must be reviewed which operated as causes, less or more remote, and in each circumstance, or in the fact of its coincidence with some other, we shall have occasion often to see how strongly the providential element is everywhere marked. The prejudice of the Baptist people against an educated ministry, together with the causes and degree of its strength, must be brought clearly before us in order that we may understand and admire the adapted- ness of the instruments employed, right instruments fitted, just in the right time and manner, for a remark- able work ; one no less than removing in a wonderfully short time the existing prejudice of a large community, indifferent to all education, and actually hostile to that of ministers, and transforming them into some of its strongest friends. It was hardly unreasonable for the Baptist people to become thus hostile. They had very few, if any, edu- cated men in their congregations. The position Wind- sor held towards them excited no favour for learning. The common schools were too often of the meanest order ; but, more particularly, they had learned the Gospel from uneducated teachers. Their churches, Academy and of Acadia Cullcfje. 13 early in this century, or in the end of the century pre- ceding, ':«a heen largely formed from Christian societies, gathered, ii* the f^rst instance, by earnest preachers of some Congregational type — good men possessing strong religious affections, and very limited mental culture, and whose honest Christian character was accompanied by some extravagancies, but who were sound on most points essential to earnest and active '^^hristian life, — just the stamp of character which would have little sympathy with that style of religioi., however sincere, which is wont to retreat behind the screen of exact literary knowledge, of honoured forms, or of superior social position. The coldness too, real or supposed, which the people found in the educated ministers of some other denominations, they contrasted with the warmth of their own preachers, and concluded that edu- cation destroyed in the soul the principle of religious life, so that this error was daily increasing in strength and difficulty of removal. The pastors, indeed, who afterwards presided over these communities when they became Baptist churches, and by whose labours they grew rapidly, differed in many points from their earliest teachers. With* equal zeal, they possessed more solid judgment ; they often lamented, even with tears, their own deficiencies, their want of mental training, and of Biblical and general in- formation. This soon led them to seek knowledge from books. Some of them made in this way no little mental 14 Origin of Horton Collegiate improvement, and they learned insensibly to respect education. The people, meanwhile, seemed hardly, if at all, to dream oi what was passing in the minds of their pastors ; they were too opposed to education to listen to reason. The writer has received letters from men, one of wliom at least still lives, who dared not control their people on this point, though ardently desiring to be educated. The time was drawing nigh when all this was to be marvellously changed ; but, in the meanwhile, it w^as not uncommon for the two extremes of sentiment to exist together in the same church — the minister assured of the absolute need of mental culture in the pulpit, the people, on the contrary, believing it to be the min- ister's duty not even to think beforehand. God w^ould teach him what to say and what words to use without any thought of his, and to seek any help but inspiration would be a sin; but stiU greater would be the offence of a regular education, for that would be systematic and determined opposition to the inspiration of God. While we acknowledge this to have been an error which imperiously called for a remedy, it should, at the same time, never be forgotten that there is always im- minent danger of the greater error of placing learning and perhaps mere forms in the room of the spirit and power of God. . But, before proceeding further with this narrative, it may be desirable to attempt a few brief sketches that may bring before our minds the kind of men who stood Academy and of Acadia College. 15 in this singular relation to the Baptist community as diflering from them, to a great extent, though pastors of their churches, with regard to the need or even pro- priety of an educated ministry. Of these men none possessed greater weight with all classes than the Rev. Edward Manning, for many years pastor of the first church in Cornwallis. Mr. Manning was in several points of view a remarkable man — a man born to sway men. To a commanding presence he joined a keen and strong intellect, with habitual and ardent love of Christ and His Kingdom. His presen- tation of truth left the impressions which are due only to superior mind and to manifest sincerity and earnestness, and these impressions were generally indelible, and will probably exert, in various ways, generation after generation, an inducing influence on the population of these Provinces, in those districts especially where Mr. Manning, statedly or occasionally, laboured in the ministry. On the spot where we now stand it might seem needless to recall the name of the Eev. Theodore Hard- ing, also, as one of the men of whom we speak. Though the number of those who remember him personally is rapidly lessening, yet, in so many homes, aged relatives have been heard to speak often of his winning charity, his gentle forbearance, and his habitual love of the truth and Church of God, as well as of his popular natural eloquence, that a just and vivid idea of the man rests to-day as a sort of heirloom on the minds and hearts 16 Orhjin of Horton CoUeghite of thousands of our population, clearer jind livelier than any other word-painting could give thciu ; the honest truthful face and noble figure of the agt-d pastor seems to move, life-like, before us still. Both these excellent men devoured books whenever they could obtain them, and possessed coircct and well- balanced views of Divine Truth. A beautiful instance of Mr. Harding's Christian amiability ought to be noticed in this ])lace. If an aged pastor wanting, to a great extent, the advan- tages of education, shall see the love '-nnl reverence of the people, which for many years have been rendered to him only, afterwards divided with a much younger man, his assistant, possessing largely the advantage of means and culture, it is hardly in human nature not sometimes to suffer acutely, and men of less generous temperament, though Christian, too often, under such circumstances, betray an unworthy jealousy. Not so the aged and amiable pastor of the Horton Baptist Church of fifty years ago. Fur a long time Mr. Harding laboured conjointly with the Eev. Dr. Pryor, w^hen Principal of the Academy, as co-pastors over the same flock, with the most perfect and loving union ; and when success attended the ministerial labours of the younger co-pastor, it seemed to have no other effect on Mr. Harding's heart than to make it overflow with joy — a more perfect picture of unselfish christian affection was rarely ever seen before. Another figure in this group who must not be Academy and of Acadia College. 17 omitted is the Kev. Josei»li l)iiiiock, for many years, and until the time of his death, pastor of the Baptist Church in Chester in Lunenburg County. Mr. l)i- mock possessed an excellent judgment and " great soundness in the faith which is Christ Jesus," but what attracted immediate attention towards him fnun everybody, and won the warmest regard, was his meekness and singleness of heart, joined with warm and unfailing Christian affection. He seemed to be always imbued with the sentiment of universal charity, and to be inca})able of uttering a harsh judgment of any Christian brother unless compelled by the sternest necessity. If time permitted, interesting life pictures might, in like manner, be given of the Rev. Ha idley Chipman of Wilmot, the Rev. James Munroe of Onslow, the Rev. Harris Harding of Yarmouth, and some preachers and pastors in New Brunswick, especially the Rev. Joseph Crandall, who went to that Province from some part of Nova Scotia, and always seemed one in heart and spirit with the ministers of this Province. But besides those now named there were doubtless many others of equal age, or younger, who waited, as the event proved, for some providential opening for advancing the mental standard of the community in the midst of which their lives were spent. Taken together, they constituted a company of men above ordinary mark. Nothing perhaps, would strike a new acquaintance more strongly and abidingly than that the truths they 18 Origin of HoHon Collegiate helil were their own, not borrowed. They knew them to be true, both because they found them in the Divine word, and because of an inward consciousness of their soundness. "They knew of the doctrine whether it were of God ;" and hence the great credit they won as religious counsellors. It may be well to mention here that several of the Nova Scotia ministers were wont to extend their labours into the adjoining provinces, and became as well known and influential there as here. Thus far our attention has been drawn to circum- stances that may seem to point to some approaching change in the condition of the Baptist population in Nova Scotia; that is to say, there existed a hurtful error needing a change in order to the healthier well- being of a Christian communit}' ; an error which must become inveterate and perhaps incurable, unless an early remedy should arise; and also, there was the remarkable fact that many of the leading pastors of that community saw and lamented the error, but as yet perceived no relief. Some well digested plan of cure placed in their hands would surely receive their support and win success. It is our business now to trace the means by which it may now be perceived that Providence was prepar- ing such a plan, A young student at King's College in Windsor, belonging to a family in Halifax of unquestioned fidelity to the Episcopal Church, having arrived at that Academy and of Acadia College. 19 point in his collegiate course when candidates for the pulpit were wont to be employed as readers (so-called) in parishes in which the rector was tem- porarily absent, was stationed in this capacity during a summer vacation in the parish of Liverpool in Queen*s County. It so happened that at the same time the Wesleyan Society in that town were diligently engaged in various religious services, and, in Scripture phrase, " great grace was upon the people." An older gentle- man, a relative of the young student, in good social position and much respected, w^as a member of the Wesleyan Society and an earnest Christian. His young friend accompanied him to some of the religious meet- ings, and became deeply affected. This young person nevertheless remained in the Episcopal Church, but thenceforward, openly and with uncommon fearlessness, avowed his conversion to the Lord Jesus Christ, and his belief of those prominent articles of faith now com- monly received by all earnest Christians, of whatever name, as essential to the inner spiritual life. Such an avowal in such a quarter was, at that time, often very unwelcome to members of the community within which it was made ; but continued from year to year to be sustained by the Episcopal reader with extra- ordinary perseverance both before and after he became a clergyman of the English Church in Nova Scotia^ This young gentleman's subsequent ministerial labours were followed by numerous conversions of persons 20 Origin of Horton Collegiate whose lives and death have since witnessed to the genuineness of their Christian faith. The clergyman here spoken of, himself long since deceased, and probably unknown to any one in inis audience but the speaker, was the father of the present Bishop of Nova Scotia. He is here mentioned because he became a chief instrument in the conversion of several gentlemen of Halifax, subsequently members of the Baptist Church there, who afterwards were closely concerned with the origin of our Academy and College, thus forming a chain of connecting causes between things so unlike, as some might deem them, as the religious meetings of the Wesleyan Church at Liverpool and the establishment of Acadia College. Being now somewhat familiar with the sort of men through whose immediate influence over the people the approaching great change of their views in the matter of education was to be effected, it may be proper next to attempt the portraiture of some of those persons in Halifax, now nearly all departed and deservedly lamented, who became singularly useful in proposing or promoting our educational measures. The first of the group to which reference is made, as being the first to become a Baptist, was Mr. John Ferguson, who was brought up in Halifax in a small community of the followers of Swedenborg, but was thrown, by means of family connections, into acquain- ance with Mr. Manning and other Baptist ministers. The intelligent, earnest piety of these men awakened in Academy and of Acadia College. 21 his heart a more just and spiritual conception of the power of Christian ffiith, and of the message which God has sent to men, which resulted, in his case, in an unblemished, earnest Christian life. Some of Mr, Ferguson's marked characteristics were a strong, keen judgment of men and things, joined to a firm hold on Christ, an unshaken trust in the Divine promise of life through faith,and a steady consciousness of his interest in that promise. Mr. Ferguson was always a chief counsellor among his friends in all matters of difficulty or doubt, and in all religious meetings his feeling and animated addresses were ever acceptable and popular. It should especially be mentioned here that Mr. Ferguson early conceived a strong desire for an educated ministry among the Baptists, from having heard at an Association in Nova Scotia the paternal and earnest counsels to this effect of the late Rev. Dr. Chapin, who was at one time president of Waterville College, now Colby University. Mr. James Walton Nutting, the next to be noticed, was one of the first graduates of King's College in Windsor, and was bred to the bar, in connection with wliich profession, as prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, he continued all his life. He was universally respected for his integrity of character, and beloved for his unwavering kindliness of disj)osition. Mr. Nutting was one of the first converts in Halifax to earnest religion, who owed their change from dull formalism, under God, to intercourse with Mr. Binney. 22 Origin of Horton Collegiate The deep conviction of sin and agonizing desire for salvation which followed his first interview with that clergyman, was the most thrilling case of the kind the writer has ever witnessed. This deep conviction was succeeded, as many know, by a life of faith and steady Christian practice. Mr. Nutting, it may be mentioned, besides the mental culture he derived from his collegiate and professional education, was extensively acquainted with general literature, and possessed a correct and refined taste. He was possibly the originator of the project of a system of education in the Baptist com- munity, and through all his life was a steady friend of our schools at Wolfville. A portraiture of more difficult execution is required in order to present a just idea of the late Judge John- ston. In religious discussions and questions in the Church, always the most modest and the meekest of men, he, nevertheless, was intellectually a giant. A most impressive sight it was to see this man with talents which at the bar and in the legislative halls, could hold men by the hour in speechless admiration, take his place in meetings of the chu ch with the manifest humility of one who felt himself " less than the least. ^' To all these men the Baptists in the Maritime Pro- vinces owe a debt, the value of which is not easily computed, and especially is this true of Mr. Johnston. The lamented judge became attached in Christian af- fection to the Baptist ministers and people at a very US. Acadertty and of Acadia College. 23 early period. Many years before he entered the Legis- lature of Nova Scotia, or had accepted any political po- sition, though already at the head of his profession, and belonging to the first society in Halifax, he was to be seen from week to week attending Divine Worship in a small, mean-looking Baptist meeting-house, among a few people of the most inferior position in life, and under the plain, unpretending ministry of a most excel- lent man, the Rev. John Burton, or some preacher of even meaner culture, but more popular ability. It is not on account of this sacrifice, if such it may be called, that a claim is made to the gratitude of the Baptist people, for this was but due by the lowly-mind- ed Christian man to God an^ his own conscience ; but afterwards, when Mr. Johnston had been several years in political life, and, through his integrity and great ability, wielded a legislative influence of no ordinary magnitude, then, indeed, he performed repeated services for the Baptists of the greatest value ; often, on their behalf, and sometimes against his personal interest, winning hard-fought fields in legislative warfare, and despite the most talented opposition. Of these services it is to be lamented that the records and the acknowledgments are alike so scanty. The objects sought were various : — sometimes claims to a just division of the public money given to education in favor of Horton Academy ; some- times applications to incorporate the Education Society of former years ; sometimes to obtain collegiate privileges on behalf of Acadia College. At this day it hardly will be 24 Origin of Horton Collegiate suspected with what vehement opposition retsictaixce was sometimes made to claims of the clearest justice, when religious prejudice interposed, and at such times the advocacy of a man like Mr. Johnston was of vital importance ; nor is any adequate idea now entertained of his great amount of labour in various ways, among others in attending meetings to promote education in many parts of the country ; besides the powerful and often long-continued assistance in the Legislature was cheerfully given by this eminent lawyer and legis- lator on behalf of our Baptist interests. In private and public life, by the natural bent of his mind as well as training, Mr. Johnston was, in the best sense of the word, a gentleman ; meanness and false- hood were abhorrent to his nature, and his intercourse with others was marked by a delicate sense of propriety. His higher moral perceptions, also, were remarkable for their strength and power. Give him the maintenance or defence of a case in wdiich, as against his chent, justice w^as denied, or feebleness oppressed, and he was often known to fire and soar aloft in a manner truly wonderful. On such occasions he not unfrequently surpassed himself; and all classes of men, unlettered and cultivated, friends and antagonists, have equally expressed their admiration of his extraordinary power. Nor was this quick sense of justice and right depen- dent on the excitement of courts or popular contests ; private and intimate intercourse no less revealed this trait in Mr. Johnston as an original element of his Academy and of Acadia College. 25 moral constitution. To one knowing him sufficiently, and contrasting his finely moulded character with the coarse natures of many men, even in high position, how naturally and mournfully comes now the exclamation, " when shall w^e look upon his like again." These are imperfect sketches of men who were, as we think, providentially prepared to carry into effect a plan of education for a community to a large extent intensely averse to it, by acting with the uneducated pastors in such a way as to win their affection, secure their confidence, and employ for the needful end their influence over their flocks. They were well fitted for this difficult and delicate office. No personal vanity stood in the w^ay ; they aimed at no private ends or selfish schemes ; there was no seeking their own honour ; no repulsive assumption of superiority of station or knowledge ; no shrinking from the homeliness of manner in those unused to cultivated society. The men of Halifax and the men in the country melted readily together in the powerful solvent of brotherly love. This element more than any other secured success. The people were taken by storm when they beheld the educated and the uneducated so lovingly united in pressing on them, as the personal interest of every member of the Baptist community, the establishment of a system of higher education to be sustained by the Baptist community themselves. The present statement does not undertake to decide who first broached the plan of a system of higher educa- 26 Origin of Horton Collegiate tioii for the Baptish Churches and people. It has recently been stated that there is a letter extant shew- ing that this plan originated with Mr. Manning, while pastor of the first church in Canard. It might perhaps be referred to in such a letter, although suggested in fact by another. The first mention of the plan of founding a high school for the Baptists, which the wTiter remem- bers to have heard, was made at a very early period by the late Mr. Nutting. If originated by him, corres- pondence on the subject with Mr. Manning would almost necessarily follow. It may have been first broached in a conversation between the two. However it originated, there is no doubt that after much thought on the subject, and communications had between the friends of the measure in Halifax and in the country, it was determined to propose to the next Association to found and maintain in some part of the country a superior school. As a large part of the instruction needed would necessarily be secular, it was then thought, at least by many, that the Baptists might reasonably claim as much of their just proportion of the public money given to such objects as would equal the cost of the secular instruction received at their school, and this, if it could be obtained, it was thought would, with private subscriptions and tuition fees, justify them in attempting the maintenance of the proposed seminary. The superiority of an entirely independent foundation does not appear to have been agitated at so early a day, and was possibly at that time impracticable. Academy and of Acadia College. 27 The friends interested in the plan accordingly pre- pared to make this proposition to the Association, and appointed some of their number to introduce it, little anticipating, however, the extraordinary success that it was destined continually to meet, or the obstruction that was to be first encountered ; — success was by no means the first indication. On a fine morning in June, 1828, an assembly was gathered in and around the meeting house of the Bap- tist Church in Wolfville largely exceeding the capacity of the house, as usual in those days when one Associa- tion united three Provinces. The late Dr. Caswell, of Massachusetts, for some years President of Brown Uni- versity, R.I., and at the time now referred to a young man supplying the pulpit of a Baptist Church in Halifax, had been selected to deliver the opening sermon ; and the appointed time was drawing near, when it was found that the pulpit of the Wolfville Church was occupied by a Welsh minister named Davis to the exclusion of the appointed preacher. Davis was possibly a well- meaning man, but ignorant, and subject to strong pre- judices, and was greatly opposed to the introduction into the Provinces of educated ministers, especially from the United States ; and was probably averse also to the proposed scheme for founding a Baptist academy ; and possessing no little force of rude popular declamation, he resolved, apparently, to hold the attention of the audience so long that the time for business might pass, and in the meantime to excite the people so strongly 28 Orhjiii of Horfon Collegiate againat educated ministers and places for education as eventually to defeat the measure prepared to be pre- sented. , Much difficulty occurred in removing this person from his usurped position, and in tranquihzing the audience. This was at length effected, and the usual services pro- ceeded ; but it is easier to imagine than describe how un- propitious to the calm (piiet of a religious assembly, and to the introduction of a new and important measure, was so unseemly an interruption. However, the darkest morning may occasionally herald the brightest day. The ordinary business at length proceeded ; the time for the new motion arrived ; it was presented and explained, and the older ministers were requested to express their views. Then, indeed, it was that the dark morning was suc- ceeded by a brilliant day. Perhaps so deeply moving a scene of the kind has seldom been witnessed. The revered form of the Rev. Mr. Manning, growing now well on in years, was seen convulsed with emotion, and his face bathed in tears, as he told the audience what tortures he had all his life long endured from conscious deficiency in mental culture, all the more painful as in earlier years he had lost an opportunity to obtain an education. Some wealthy friend had offered to bear the whole expense if he would go to the United States to the best school that could be found, and take a complete course of education. This munificent offer Mr. Manning had declined, but he had often afterwards bitterly regretted his doing so. Academy and of Acadia College. 29 Mr. Manning was followed in the same strain, ])ating the kind offer of educiition, by Mr. Theodore Harding, Mr. Handley Chipman, and others, who bore w^itness in the most feeling language, with tears and great emotion, to the vast loss those men siitfer who are compelled, as they suppose, to attenqit the work of preachers and pastors while not even knowing their own language, and shut out from all the ordinary resources of learn- ing. The effect of these addresses was prodigious. The people where overwhelmed with astonishment, but not a whisper was heard in opposition, and the prevailing reverence for the character of such men as Manninj?, Harding and Chipman was too intense for any senti- ment to prevail but the deepest conviction of their sincerity. On this day, and with those deep feelings, began in our churches that strong and steady advance towards mental improvement for God and the Gospel, which since that day has never flagged. Some point to the resolution that followed, by which an education society was constituted, as the commence- ment of the Baptist educational movement. This is somewhat like turning from the root of the tree to a section of its stem to seek for the beginning of its growth. No one who witnessed the occurrences of that day would fail to think of the utterances and emotions of those aged men, in that felt silence, as the commence- ment of a deep moral sentiment then first, before all eyes, taking root in the hearts of the Baptist people. 30 Origin of Horton Collegiate i The words and deep feelings of that memorable hour began a new era in Baptist history in these Provinces. All honour to those noble-minded servants of Christ our Lord who thus laid themselves, without hesitation, in sacrifice at His feet ! Be it remembered that these honest acknowledg- ments were uttered in the presence of hundreds who had had till then no idea that such men as Mr. Manning or Mr. Harding could possibly be made any wiser or better fitted for religious teaching than they were. The honest faithfulness of those excellent men in that moment won a permanent victory for education over the previous prejudices of the Baptist people. It is so commonly known as hardly to need mention here that money was contributed at once for the pur- chase of a property in Wolfville, chosen as the site of the intended Academy. The ground for the purpose was obtained, and an old farm-house standing on it was used for classes as soon as a suitable teacher could be procured. It is also generally known that Mr. Asahel Chapin, now Dr. Chapin, still living in the Western States, first opened the school as principal, in 1829, and conducted it successfully for about a year, and then returned to the United States, his native country, leaving behind him an excellent impression as regards the school and his own character as a man and a Christian. He was succeeded in 1830 by the Rev. John Pryor, now Dr. Pryor, a graduate of King's College in Windsor, who had a few years previously become a member of the Academy and of Acadia College. 31 Baptist Church. Mr. Pryor at once threw the whole force of his natural and Christian ardour into his new under- taking. The school filled rapK.ly with pupils, and very favourable opinions of the new educational measure of the Baptists were being everywhere formed. A more commodious building than the old farm- house was soon erected, containing a residence for the principal, and needful rooms for a pretty large boarding school, to which two large additions were subsequently made. A year or two after the erection of the first building an edifice of the form of a graceful Greek Temple of the Ionic order was constructed from a plan furnished by a Boston architect. This building pro- vided ample space for a large academy hall and several small rooms for recitation. This house was afterwards incorporated in the large college edifice and perished with it. It tended greatly to confirm the good impression made by the Horton Academy that those visitations of Divine grace which we term revivals very early became a marked feature of the Academy, as subsequently of the College. On the history of these, the present writer shall not trench, as this duty is specially committed by the Convention to an able hand, any further than may be necessary to preserve their historical connection with Baptist educational work. To this end, a brief extract may be given concerning the first extensive revival in the Academy, taken from a letter received from the principal actor on the occasion. 32 Orhjifi of Horton Collegiate We previously notice a divine preparation for tlie work in its chief instrument. He had but recently entered the Gospel field, and had now laboured for some months, evidently with uncommon assiduity, but had not heard of a single conversion either among the pupils of the Academy or in the villages around, and, while in great anguish of mind on this account, he received a letter from the late Rev. Richard McLearn, then preaching at Windsor, informing him of two persons converted by a sermon he had preached for Mr. Mc- Learn. Thus was Ood appearing for him in his ex- tremity. He took the letter up to his room. " On his knees," he tells us, " he spread it before the Lord, and his heart so filled with gratitude and praise, that he actually cried to God to restrain His hand for his cup was running over." Immediately after this a religious gathering took place in a private house in Wolfville. Two large rooms with the hall and stairs were filled with people, as the writer of the letter stood up to ad ess them. The passage of Scripture taken in course was Peter's denial of his Master, and his repentance. After speak- ing on this passage with the feeling that it was not he who spoke, but God speaking in him, our correspond- ent continues : " The people were weeping and sobbing all around me as I ended my address. I was young and inexperienced. I knew not what to do. Brother A. De W. was there. He cried out, ' let us sing The Hid- ing Place.' There was heart in that singing. I never Academy and of Acadia College. 33 can forget the scene, no, not in eternity. I closed with the benediction, adding, ' if any present would like to he conversed with, let thefn stay, the congregation is dismissed ; ' not one moved. I then said, perhaps you did not understand me ; I want those only to stay who wish to be talked to about their souls' welfjire. Two or three men then rose up and said, * T want to be talked to ;' and so do I, many said with their eyes filled with tears, and with broken and sobbing voice. I then called upon all w^ho w^eie Christians to go round and talk with the inquirers. We had at last to stop, it was getting late. Another meeting was appointed for the *iext evening ; and during the day nothing was talked of but religion. As soon as school exercises were over, the young men met in their room, and ^\Q had a blessed prayer and praise meeting." That was the commencement of a great revival in which many were converted, among others Brother Isaac Chipman, and many other lads of the Acadeuiy, and it was followed by a series of revivals with which God afterwards blessed us. I think no two years elapsed, subsequent to that occasion, in which we had not a special work of grace. For upw^ards of ten years the Academy at Horton had thus continued successfully promoting secular education, attended also at intervals with remarkable proofs of religious usefulness. During this time, however, there were those who felt that the work devised in 1828 was as yet only begun. 34 Or'tqiii of Horton Collegiate The training of a College was the proper foundation of all thorough professional study, and young men from the Academy were continually entering various spheres of active and professional life without it. Much more too than could be attempted with so limited a staff of teachers was especially needed for the instruction of ministers and missionaries ; and in view of this condi- tion of things, several of the early friends of the mea- sure first proposed were wont to converse together on the state of the educational undertaking, and anxiously to ask one another, " what more can be attempted ; how can we complete the educational scheme as it was originally though but roughly sketched ? " What might have resulted, by a slower process, from such consultations it is difficult now to conjecture, for an unexpected event precipitated a progressive movement beyond the anticipations of the most sanguine. Dalhousie College, though never yet put in operation, had been endowed largely by public moneys, to which no one religious community had justly more claims than another ; and the union of different classes of Christians in that institution, if it should be opened, seemed so evidently expedient for the parties most interested themselves, that, when a proposition was made about the year 1838 to commence classes there under Dr. MacCoUoch and several other professors, the claim that a Baptist professor might be placed in one of the pro- posed departments was urged with strong expectation of success, and the person named for the office was Academy and of Acadia College. 35 believed to be sure of support from several leading men on whom rested the appointment. These hopes })roved vain, however ; Presbyterians, in the event, being ap- pointed to all the departments. No little indignation was felt at the cool indifference, if not contempt, indicated by the issue of this matter, and the spirit of the Baptist community was greatly aroused. Meetings of leading men, ministers and others, were held for consultation ; the greatest unanimity prevailed in them; and it was thought that as the period was evidently drawing near when the Baptists must have a college as well as an academy, it was was well to take advantage of the present strong interest aroused among the people, and attempt without delay to originate col- legiate classes, and trust to the energy of the people, and the Divine blessing, to maintain them. Kesolu- tions to this effect were passed, and, accordingly, several classes were formed, comprising, in the enthusiasm of the occasion, the large number, as it was thought for a beginning, of thirty students and upwards, without ma- terially diminishing the Academy, as this seminary was soon filled by fresh scholars. The College classes were placed under two professors, of whom Mr. Pry or was one, his place in the Academy being filled by Mr. Edward Blanchard, of Truro, edu- cated at Pictou Academy. A third professor was soon added, in the person of Mr. Isaac Chipman, so deeply regretted, who was a pupil of Horton Academy, and afterwards graduated in Waterville College, now Colby 3G Origin of Hovton Collegiate University in Maine, and who took the departments of mathematics and the natural sciences. Under tliis organization the first graduates of Acadia College wer<^ pre})ared for the degree of A. B. Tlie duties of Presi- dent were then pi^rformed in rotation by the tw^o older professors. For the i)urpose of recitation rooms and students' dormitories and studies, apartments, in limited extent, were obtained by means A certain alterations made in the buildings previously appropriated to the Academy. It may be noticed in passing that the name Queen's College, first assumed, was soon changed to Acadia, from the difficulty that seemed likely to arise in seek- ing the royal assent to the use of the first-mentioned name. Finding this sketch liable to absorb too much space, the writer suppresses an account he intended to give of the Baptist Magazine^ formerly published by the Eev. Dr. Tupper, with good success ; also an account of the origin of the Christian Messenger, and its editorship by Messrs. Ferguson and Nutting, together with some mention of the unhappy difference with the printer, and its political bearings ; also of the commencement of a foreign mission, and its strong and beneficial influence on education, and some other related topics, among which was the formation of a school at Fredericton, by the Baptists of New Brunswick, through the lamented Frederic Miles, a graduate of King's College in Windsor, and its excellent influence in the sister Province. / '% Academy and of Acadia College. 37 All lengthened statements on these topics being thus waived, there remains now but few facts of the past which properly belong to history, and the duty, tliere- fore, imposed on the writer by the requisition of the Con- vention might perhaps be considered as having been performed, were it not that some account of the College building burned on the second day of December last may be needful for peculiar reasons. The fire has eilectually made the old building to become a thing of the past ; and there may be a lesson and encouragement in its origin which w-e cannot well afford to dispense with. By the year 1843 buildings exclusively appro})riated to college use, or nearly so, were thought to have become imperatively necessary to further progress ; but that year, and several years before and after it, consti- tuted a period of extreme commercial depression. To ask for money to this object was perfectly idle ; there seemed to be little any wdiere ; in rural districts, w^ith the rarest exceptions, absolutely none. The village of Wolfville, too, at that time, comprised but three or four houses, so that, to accommodate the College there, w^as out of the question. The professors and other earnest friends asked often and mournfully, " What can possibly be done ? Subsistence can barely be procured ; whence can we hope to obtain funds to erect a building large enough for the wants of the Col- lege ? " Just at the time wdien this pressure seemed hardest to bear, a happy thought arose in some mind, 38 . Origin of Horton Collegiate possibly in that of Professor Chipman. " Why not," it was asked, " attempt to build the College without money. Ask, not for money, but for materials, and such other things as the people have, timber, boards, nails, work, &c/' On this new hint, after reasonable thought and con- sultation. Professor Chipman and another of the pro- fessors travelled together in the winter of 1842, and part of 1843 and 1844, over a large portion of Nova Scotia and part of New Brunswick. This plan proved wonderfully successful. No propo- sition could be more favourably received than was this, of building a college without money. So willing were the people everywhere to contribute that the journey of the two professors became almost an ovation ; as an instance in point it may be mentioned that the whole of the timber of the large frame of IGO feet or upwards lonof, and 30 and 40 wide, and of three and a half storeys high, was undertaken, in lots, by people living along the North Mountain, in Aylesford and Wilmot, in one or two meetings. They faithfully fulfilled their eniza^ements ; and the whole of this hucre mass of material, chiefly made to float by the tides of the Bay of Fundy, was placed on the buildiuG; site in Wolfville in the spring and early summer of 1843. With like ready liberality, large gifts of seasoned and other lumber were obtained at Liverpool, Milton, Yarmouth, and numerous other places, besides nails, glass, putty, paints, and all sorts of materials, which Academy and of Acadia College. 39 were contributed by merchants from their stores ; while almost every Baptist, man, woman and child, vied with one another in having something to give which pos- sessed value, and could be turned into money. Thus arose the college building now in ashes. But the story is not quite told of the admirable vigour that produced that building. All this property so various, and coming from an infinite number of places, was to be received and turned to some account ; and, had not Mr. Chipman been indefatigable beyond example, success must still have remained unattainable. But he, with unvarying patience, besides attending faithfully to his class duties, received every particle of property contributed from whatever quarter sent ; and, when this did not consist of building materials, he sought unweariedly for a purchaser, and seemed never to fail in making each article, in some way, available to the progress of the w^ork. The w^hole building was thus completed, except the interior of the w^est wing, afterwards finished in 1852 and 1853, and paid for by subscriptions subsequently given for that particular purpose. The whole edifice thus completed comprised more than some public statements represent. There w^as a president's residence, a museum of considerable size, containing also the philosophical apparatus, a library of good dimensions, three recitation rooms, twenty-six or twenty-eight studies and dormitories and a large bell tower of fair appearance and good height, the whole r 40 Origin of Acadia College. enclosing and covering the Academy building in form of an Ionic Temple before mentioned. The late Mr. Theodore Harding in one of those moments peculiar to him of exalted enthusiasm, so like inspiration, many years since, noticing, we may suppose, some of the remarkable circumstances here detailed that issued in our Baptist scheme of education, gave to Acadia college the name of the Child of Providence, the expression was eagerl}- caught up and became a sort of watch-word. It is a noble name, there surely cannot be a nobler, may it still be our watchword ; may that name attached to our College and its affiliated Academy, as marking their true character, descend with them to the latest posterity ; and may our people ever acknowledge that it is theirs to preserve in all coming time this worthy reputation unchanged ! If God shall continue to guide them in their future educational efforts, as we believe He has guided their fathers^ and if they shall always heartily desire and seek His direction, we believe we are entitled to say that they shall never greatly err or fail to be prospered in their work. _j \ ADDRESS BY THE REV. J. M. CRAMP, D.D. SKETCHES OF THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF ACADIA COLLEGE AND HORTON COLLEGIATE ACADEMY. ll I. •.-'.Jr.t iiPif SKETCHES OF THE RELIGIOUS UISTOKY OF ACADIA COLLEGE AND UORTON COLLEGIATE ACADEMY. Towards the latter end of the last century two men of God entered the Gospel field of Nova Scotia, both of whom ultimately joined the Baptist denomination and became leaders in it. One was Edward Manning ; the other was Theodore Seth Harding. Both were sublime men : Manning's was sublimity of thought; Harding's, sublimity of emotion. They went together on one occasion on a mission to Prince Edward Island. " They sent Manning and me, " said Mr. Harding, " to the Is- land, and we agreed very well together ; he j)reached about God" (the sublimity of thought) "and I preached about Jesus Christ" (the sublimity of emotion). Manning probably thundered and lightened respecting God's ]aw and His attributes, while Harding uttered soothing w^ords, commending to the people the loving- kindness of Him who would not break the bruised reed nor quench the smoking flax. These men, as w^ell as many who flourished in those days, were mighty in prayer, and therefore rich in bless- ings. They often travelled together to associations and general meetings. At one time they were going to Ches- ter, where the Association met that year (1829), and re- 44 Sketches of the RcUyUmH History of Aaul'ia mained part of the day at Horton, to attend the iinniver- sary of the Academy. In tlie evening E. Manning; wrote in his journal : "Brother Harding o})ened with ])rayer, 7)iost aHtound'uKjhj (jrandJ' Xuw, it is certain that a prayer which Air. Manning called " most astoundingly grand " was grand, and sucli were many prayers at that time in the churches. Men who could not preach, " had })Ower with God and prevailed." They " took hold of His strength," and there was peace and abundance of bless- ing. Whatever undertaking they engaged in they took care to secure the favour of God by believing prayer, and then things went well. This was the secret of the stream of revivals which has refreshed this neigh- bourhood, beginning in the first year of the Academy's history, and flowing in almost continuously ever since. The year which Mr. Chapin spent at Horton was an exciting and happy time. The Church was quickened into new life, many converts were added, and it was particularly remarked that ministering brethren who were studying at the Academy made a point of spend- ing their time of recess in visiting from house to house, conversing and praying with the people, w^hich led the Committee of the Education Society to indulge the ardent and growing hope that " Horton will become a favoured nursery of labourers for the Lord's vineyard, a school of the prophets, whence shall proceed not a few faithful heralds of salvation." This expectation con- tinued to be cherished in succeeding years, and is now a denominational feature. When fully realized the ....-jj I iiiiigi ColU'ge and Hovtou CidJ('(f\(ite Aatdrmy. 45 Baptists of Nova Scotia will see their most fervent desires accom|»lislied. Isaac CliipJiian conies iii)on the scene in 1832. Th.it year was a bright time at Horton. It was one of the many lively periods in the Church's history. Tlie members, especially the young ones, were ex- ceedingly active in jtromoting Christian fellowship and labouring for the salvation of souls. Some extracts from Isaac Chipman's journal are inserted here as illustrations of his religious life, and showing the earn- estness and depth of his piety : " It was my delight to go to the house of God, to converse with the peoi)le of God about religious books, and to pour out my soul in i)rayer and sweet medita- tion on divine things. Often did I retire alone for these purposes, and hold sweet communion with my God. Often did I, accompanied by a dear friend, a fellow-student, who became impressed with religious truth about this time, go to the minister's house for his counsel and encouragement, and I need not say how advantageous these instructions w^ere to our minds, then so susceptible of impression. " On the 5th of August, 1832, when fifteen years old, he and I were baptized on profession of faith, and admitted to the privileges of the Church at Horton. The day was noted for little else than inexpressibly solemn feelings, mingled with little or no comfort. Oh, blessed change ! happy avowal ! Taken from the degrading service of the wicked one to receive the easy 46 Sheiches of the Religious History of Acadia yoke of the Saviour I Oh, how blessed ! when shall I ever be thankful enough? Eternity itself will but roll in its endless rounds to swell the deep-toned chorus of Heaven : * Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and power, and might be unto our God, for ever and ever. Amen ! ' " Four years after, he records his first sermon : " Nov. 13, 1830. This is a memorable day to me. For the first time I attempted formally to unfold the blood- stained banner of the Cross. My text was 2 Cor. v. 20. I occu])ied half an hour. Had but little difficulty in saying what I had to say, though once I wholly lost the train of my ideas ; but I felt too little the awful weight and importance of the business upon which I was enter- ing. An unbelieving heart was still my greatest burden. Perhaps, however, if I am designed for this department of labour in Christ's Kingdom it was only intended to show me my dependence on the arm of the Lord. May I be resigned to the will of God in every respect ! Pride is probably my greatest snare.'' A few days after the above entry was made, Mr. Chipman wrote in his journal as follows : " Dec. 3. Attended conference meeting tr-day, many of the church, especially sisters, much aroused. I w^as unavoidably impressed with the belief that we as a Church are not sufficiently cautious in receiving persons to our communion. What was said at the meeting seemed to imply that a willingness to profess religion was sufficient evidence of a change of heart. Day of calamity to the church of God, ■*r; «;■■ i College and Horton Collegiate Academy. 47 when anything is substituted for real, vital godliness ! May the members of this Church have the word of Christ dwell in them richly, in all wisdom, and may they never lose sight of the absolute necessity of the Spirit's influence ! " The year 1839 and the two following were prosperous years in the Church at Horton. The Lord blessed the preaching of the Gospel, and tw^o hundred persons entered into covenant with His people in those years. A time of dearth followed, such a season as is very rarely experienced in Baptist communities. The seed continued to be sown, but there was no visible growth. No " blade," no " ear," no " full corn in the ear." It was the time of tlie Irish famine ; but it was a worse famine than that, it was a famine of the word of the Lord. When it came to an end, it was suddenly, almost like a surprise, as the spirit descended in the day of Pentecost. And yet it was not a surprise ; for some Christian women who mourned the four years of declen- sion, and saw with grief vice stalking unblushingly among the people, established a prayer-meeting among themselves, and especially singled out desperate cases, which were prayed for hy namie They expected to be heard, and they were heard. A strange seriousness be- gan to prevail. " God's people were roused up, brother talked with brother, and together they bowed before the Throne in confession and supplication. Emphatic entries were made in the ' book of remembrance.' The un- converted were sought out, reasoned with, exhorted 48 Sketches of the Religioiis History of Acadia and entreated to repent and believe. The preachers preached with new power and unction. Crowds gathered night after night in the phices of meeting, none caring to hide their feelings, or ashamed of mani- festing their. God was present in His might and in His mercy. Strong rebels were subdued. Flinty hearts were softened. Those wlio attempted to mock were compelled to mourn. The laugh of the careless was exchanged for the tear of penitence. The proud and stubborn ' became poor in spirit.' One after another yielded, till at length, w^hen the Church reported to the Association an accession of one hundred and forty-four members, it was found that every student in the College was ranked among the followers of Christ, not one was left." This was a grand defeat of Satan. Had he not ^ gloated over the Church's failure ? Had he not pre- dicted to his fellow-demons the total downfall of Evangelicalism in Nova Scotia ? Were not groggeries to supersede meeting houses ? Such were doubtless the wishes and plans of the disobedient. But " He that sitteth in the Heavens did laugh, the Lord did have them in derision ; " a stronger than Satan took the field, and ^* the ])rey was taken from the mighty." Another dearth came, shorter and less severe, and then tlie Lord again visited His people. The revival in the spring of 1855 "came not of observation." It was like the harvest in the Lord's parable, when the man who has planted his field goes about his other College and Horton Collegiate Academy. 49 affairs, and sleeps and rises night and day, and the seed sjn'ings up, he knows not how. We could not trace tliis revival, we could not track it to its source, nor say- how it came, save that it was of the Lord of Hosts. It was not got vr>, it grew. I shall never forget my walk through the College building one Lord's day afternoon. As I went from room to room it seemed as if some com- mon calamity had overwhelmed the inmates. A pall of melancholy rested on all faces. A bystander would have said that each one had endured a terrible aftliction. Gloom soon gave place to gladness, when the joyful sound of the Gospel reached their hearts, and it was my privilege to baptize fifty of the enquirers and admit them to the membership of this Church, the aged pastor being ^hen disabled for the discharge of his pastoral duties. He died on the 8th of June in that year, having held the I pastorate and faithfully discharged its duties for more than half a century. In further reference to the revival at Horton, I may add that it was very delightful on subsequent con- ference occasions to hear these young converts express their firm resolve in the strength of divine grace to press on in the good ways of God. " Pressing on " was the burden of their testimony. Some of them have already finished their course and joined the victors on the heavenly plains. Others may be required to hold on for years, " faint yet pursuing," and " looking for the blessed hope." Passing over some instances of quickened efforts and extensive usefulness which may * 50 Sketches of the Religious History of Acadia. f be adduced, I deem it my duty to place on record the conclusions on this subject to which I have been led by the observations of the last thirty ye^rs. Edu- cated and trained in England, and in a Church which was not remarkable for liveliness, I was a stranger to the scenes which have fallen under my notice in this land, and in some degree prejudiced against them. Scenes of excitement which are often witnessed in our Churches are chiefly owing to the disorderliness which has some- times prevailed, and which might and ought to have been checked. But now, having watched the progress and marked the effects of many events of this character, and believing that the treatment of religious phenomena is still susceptible of improvement, suggested by the teachings of Scripture, I am free to declare that, as a genuine revival of religion is an undoubted blessing^ Christians should regard it as a standing obligation to seek renewed bestowments by earnest prayer and indi- vidual efforts for the conversion of souls. Revivals would be more frequent and more powerful if the mem- bers of our Churches were truer to their responsibility as witnesses for Christ. Our esteemed brother, the present pastor of this church, has been favoured with numerous opportunities of witnessing the display of divine grace and power in this truly hallowed spot. Without referring to other years, in which blessings on a smaller scale were received, it may be mentioned that eighty-three were added in 1857, sixty in 1865, forty-five in 1871, and % College and Horton Collegiate Academy, 51 •I one hundred and three in 1874. A letter from one of the students in the last-mentioned year contains the following particulars : " The present senior class had considerable apprehension lest they should leave the College without seeing the work of God revive. They, with the other students of both departments, prayed and wrestled, and worked, and the Lord has at last made bare His arm to save.*' " During the space of twenty- four hours, on Saturday evening and Lord's day, the 7th and 8th inst. (Feb. 7), no fewer than fifteen persons here found peace in Jesus. Nearly all in connection with both institutions are rejoicing in the conscious- ness of sins forgiven. Of thirty-five received into the Church on the first Lord^s day in March, seven were College students ; ten, students in Horton Collegiate Academy ; ten, members of the Ladies' Seminary ; and seven, residents in WolfviUe." The whole number of additions to this church since the formation of the N. S. B. E. S. is eleven hundred and forty. Of these it may be fairly estimated that five hundred were members of the Academy or the Col- lege. Five hundred conversions ! five hundred souls turned from " darkness to light,'' and from the power of Satan unto God ! What is included in that statement ? What conviction of sin ! What bitterness of heart be- fore God ! What submission to the law of the Lord, and acknowledgment of the justice of its sentence ! What joy in the Lord Jesus ! What hatred of evil ! What fellowship of the spirit ! What zeal for 52 Eeligious History of Acadia College. Zion ! What consecration of life to holiest ends ! Other churches, too, have partaken of the blessing. The tidings have been conveyed from place to place, and revivals have sprung up, whereby great numbers have been turned to the Lord, and many messengers of mercy have been sent into the heavenly service. From this central spot there has been a radiation of light and life, with " joy unspeakable and full of glory :" " The wilderness and the solitary place have been glad." And now, reviewing the past with thankfulness, con- templating present prospects with confidence, and look- ing forward to the future with the joy of hope, let us unite in ascribing glory to the God of all grace, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit ; let us exclaim with the royal Psalmist : " Blessed be the Lord God, who only doeth wod^'^jus things, and blessed be His glorious name forever, and let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen and Amen.'' HISTORY OF ACADIA COLLEGE: THE VAUGHAN PRIZE ESSAY. f BT ALBERT COLDWELL, A.M. HISTORY OF ACADIA COLLEGE: THE VAUGHAN PRIZE ESSAY. In 1876 Simon Vaughan, Esq., of Liverpool, England, in ordn to promote the interests of his Alma Mater, offered a prize of SI 00 for the best essay on the History of the Col- lege and its work for the future. This prize was awarded to the following essay. To the town of Windsor, belongs the honor of having the oldest college in the Maritime Provinces. As early as 1787, the sum of £400 was voted by the g^^,y House of Assembly to found there a classical ShiJher school for the especial benefit of the English tSN^y^"" Church, and in the following year an academy ^*''^*'*- was opened, with seventeen pupils, under the manage- ment of the Rev. W., afterwards Dr., Cochran, of Trinity College, DubHn. In 1789, a special grant of £500 and an annual grant of £400 were voted i to found a college in connection with the school : and 1 in 1790 the Imperial Parliament granted £4000 to further this object. In 1802, a royal charter, with an annual grant of £1000 stg., was obtained for King's College. By this charter, University privileges were given, but the advantages of the college were limited to the Episcopal Church by the provision that candidates for matriculation- should subscribe to the Thirty-nine Articles. The Rev. Dr. Cox was the first President ; 56 History of Acadia College. he was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Porter, both of Oxford. They were excellent linguists, and imparted a character to the College for thorough classical instruction. Its exclusive character, however, was a serious barrier to its general usefulness, and indignant protests were heard in different quarters against the monopoly of the public funds and of higher education by one denomination. In 1816, an attempt was made at Pictou by the Kev. Dr. McCulloch, a Presbyterian divine, to found a school which should offer to all, the advantages of a liberal education. An act of incorporation and a grant from the public funds were obtained for this purpose. The aim of Dr. McCulloch was to build up an institution of a collegiate rank, and in imitation of the Scotch colleges the students wore red gowns ; but the school was for a long time only moderately successful, and never ad- vanced beyond an academy. In 1817, the first steps were taken towards the estab- lishment of Dalhousie College. Lord Dalhousie, then Governor of the Province, appropriated, with the sanc- tion of the Home Government, £9750 out of the Castine fund, (a fund composed of duties levied in the port of Castine, while it was temporarily in British possession) to founding a seminary of learning at Halifax. The present college building w^as erected in 1820, but no professors were appointed till 1838. During these years of inaction, the college had received about £10,000 from the Provincial chest. Efforts were made to render this fund available by uniting King's and Dalhousie ; and, ^ The Vaughan Prize Esmy. 57 in 1823, articles of union between these collej^es were actually accepted by committees fnmi the two Bojinls of (iovernors. The consummation of this union was prevented by the action of the Archbishop of Canter- bury (Dr. Charles Manners Sutton) who, as j)atron of Kimr's, refused his assent to the scheme. In 1829 the union of King's and Dalhousie was again attempted, and an unsuccessful demand was made upon the (lover- nors of the latter college for the return of £5,000, loaned them in 1823. Ihe promoters of a Provincial University now a]']iealed to the Home Government and in 1835 a dis] atch was sent from the Colonial Office, calling upon the Governors of King's to surrender their charter, and assist in establishing one college for the Province. This they declined to do, and the grant of £1,000 which they had been receiving from the Im- perial Parliament was withheld. King's had by this time outgrown its restrictive tests, but it has never become a thoroughly comfortable i)lace for the youth of other denominations. These various movements and counter-movements kept the subject of higher education before the peo]»le of Nova Scotia, and produced in the Baptist population that abiding conviction of its value of which Acadia College is the visible exponent. Movements that have their origin in strong prejudices may work out beneficial results ; and, without doubt, the early restrictions of the Windsor tests, and the indignant recoil of differing com- munions against this exclusiveness, did much to foster 58 History of Acadia College. that zeal for liberal culture which afterwards arose in the land. The Baptists were as yet but feebly sensible of the loss they had long suflered, in common with all who differed from the Episcopal church, from the want of places of education. Their earlier preachers were men of superior intelligence and zeal, but, like the bulk of their })eople, they were possessed of little learning be- yond what the primary schools and their own private efforts gave them. They were, however, most successful preachers ; and to uneducated hearers, it seemed not an illogical conclusion that if, without a course of special training, there could be such men as Edward Manning, Harris Harding, Theodore Seth Harding, Jose])h Dimock, Joseph Crandall, Thomas Ansley, James Munroe and Thomas Handly Chipman, time and money expended on education would be value thrown away. These men knew their deficiencies, however, better than their hearers, and were more than willing to co-operate with the educational movement which gave birth to the Horton institutions. Previous to 1827 the Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia was a somewhat unimportant factor in the social Acce88ion ^^^ cducatioual life of the Province. Their Baptfstsin churchcs numbered but twenty-five, with a Haiiiax. membership of about 1600. They had no prominent public men, and therefore exercised very- little influence in the general direction of affairs. Causes were at work, however, which were destined to place 1„. The Vauyhan Prize Essay. 59 i 'J. this hitherto obscure body of Christians in the very front of religious and intellectual ettort, and give them a social status that would everywhere com- pel recognition. A religious awakening having occur- red in Halifax among the adherents of the English Church, several educat?d men, who had found spiritual life, embraced Ble, th(3 great ditticulties under which they had always labored from the want of a more perfect education. The effect was electric. Old and young vied with each other in the support of the new measure, and the pro|M)sed plan was not only unanimously, but even rap- turously, adopted. This scheme comprised the commencement of an academy of the highest order, and the formation of a society of suljscribers for its support. The organization of the society was effected by adopting, as the V»asis of a constitution, a prosj^ectus of sixteen articles, the main features of which were that members should jjay an an- n\ial fee of twenty shillings or make a donation of £10, and that the funds should be devoted to two main ob- jects, " the establishment of a suitable seminary of learning" and "assisting indigent young men, called to preach the gospel," the seminary to have no restric- tive religious tests whatever. This society, afterwards incorporated under the name of the Nova Scotia Baptist Educition Society, played a very important part in the early history of the Horton Institutions. Its officers, chosen at this time, remained unchanged for a number of years. They were Rev. E. Manning, chiofPro- l^rtJsident; Rev. Charles Tupper and J. W. motew. Nutting, Esq., Vice-Presidents; Simon Fitch, Esq., Treasurer; E. A. Crawley and Wm. Chipman, Esqs., Secretaries. There was a large Board of Directors, and a Managing Committee, consisting of Dr. Lewis John- The Vavghan Prize Esmy. 61 stoii, .T. W. Nutting, J. W. Johnston, William John- son, E. A. Crawley and Simon Fitch, Esqs. These were the nun u]t(m whom devolved theres]K»nsil)ility of carry- inj: to a successful issue the im])ortant und»'rtaking ui»oii which the Baptist denomination had entired. That ]»ait of Horton now called Wolfville was se- lected hy the Committee as the site of the jn'oposed academy, hoth on account of the natural hoauLj' y^^^^ of tlie situati<»n and its central position. Sixty- 'VnorLn five acr(\s of land were jmrchased for £550 ; and, '^** *""'*■ in March, 1829, the school was opened with Mr. Asahel Cliaj.in, of Amherst College, Mass., jdncipal. The huiiding first used was an old, low, one-story dwelling- house, situated exactly where the main street now runs, and nearly in front of the late college-building. In June, 18o0, ^Ir. Chapin returned to the United States, and the Kev. John Pryor, A.M., a graduate of King's, but then studying at the Newton Theological Institute, Mass., was appointed in his place. This position, Mr. Pryor tilled very satisfactorily till the opening of the college in 1839. During this period, Horton Academy educated a large number of young men of all creeds, and representing all parts of the province, and grew to be recognized as a classical school of a high grade. The Academy Hall, the first building erected by the Managing Committee, was finished in the autumn of 1831, at a cost of about £1,000. A boaixling Fir«t 1 ... Buildings house was the next requisite ; but, as the ertKsted. Committee were not then prepared to erect one, they 62 History of Acadvi College, engaged, at a rental of £40 per year, the dwelling- house of William Johnson, Esq. Board and washing were fixed at 7s. 6d. per week, so that an education was obtainable at this new institution at the very moder- ate cost of £20 a year. In 1835 the Committee com- pleted the erection of a boarding house, at an expense of £1200, which, according to their report, " was suffi- cient to accommodate the princij>al and his family, the assistant teacher, steward, and fifty boarders." The Institution was now fairly launched. The build- ings recjuired for a school of an academic grade had been erected ; a very competent principal and assistant were in charge ; and the attendance of diligent, studious young men was increasingly encouraging. In 1831, after much solicitation, a grant of £500 was received from the Province. This was followed by an annual grant of £300. The additional funds required for carrying on the school, besides fees from pupils, w^ere contributed by the Education Society. While the academy was thus successfully accom- plishing the work for which it had been called into ex- A coiiegi- istence, the subject of collegiate education was •te course desired. receiving much attention. A high school, how- ever well equipped, could not meet the wants of the Baptist community, as the young men studying at Horton were eagerly asking for a more extended course of in- struction. When the educational work began at Horton, it was expected that the institution would ultimately de- velop into a college ; and this part of the plan had been The Vaughan PHze Essay. 63 repeatedly brought before the denomination in the reports of the Managing Committee. In 1836, they urged the estiibhshment of a seminary " which shall become so fully }H)ssessed of the highest literary merit as to deserve every immunity that the law can grant to chartered institutions," and advised the appointment of " two efficient teachers in the more advanced classes." In 1837, they say — " The education of the country condition is at this moment in a singular condition. Wind- education . . . In th« 8or Academy is only beginning to revive from i'n>vince. a long period of depression ; Pictou Academy, by the un- fortunate dissensions which have long agitated it, is said, even by its friends, to be hastening to decay ; the college at Windsor is acknowledged to be too sectarian to allow Dissenters, with any confidence, to seek its advantages for their sons, and still suffers that depression which its contracted system inevitably involved ; all efforts to open Dalhousie have hitherto failed ; there is, therefore, at once a loud call and an open field for all who feel the importance of a liberal education to engage in the im- portant work of forming and animating an enlarged system of instruction such as the country urgently needs and is sought in vain within its borders." Notwithstanding these urgent appeals of the com- mittee, there seemed but little prospect at that time of materially enlarging the course of instruction ,^^ ^^^ at Wolfville. To many, the only feasible solu- ["on^Ke Ition of the college question appeared to be in *i"^***»»- making Dalhousie, a provincial college. A building, 64 History of Acadia College. costin<^ nearly £15,000, had been erected with i)ublic funds, and, since 1820, there had been an annual income of £310 from investments. It was thought that this property ought to be used in some way for the benefit of the public to whom it belonged. The strong feeling on this subject forced the Govern- ment, in 1838, to open Dalhousie. The choice of a faculty was vested in three trustees, who were, at that time, the Lieutenant-Governor, the Speaker of the House, and a Mr. Wallace, the treasurer of the institution. The liev. Dr. McCulloch was made president, and the Rev. E. A. Crawley, then pastor of the Granville St. church, was encouraged by one of the trustees to make application for the chair of Classics. There was at that time no avowed intention of making the college sub- serve the interest of one denomination exclusivelv ; but when the trustees met to select professors, they decided that the intentions of the founder could be carried out only by selecting the teaching staff from members of the Church of Scotland. No one questioned Mr. Craw- ley's fitness for the post : his application was passed over on the ground of creed alone, and the vacant pro- fessorships filled by the following vote, "Sept. 15th 1838. Resolved, that, for the present, the Rev. Alex- ander Romans be appointed professor of the classical languages and the Rev. James Mcintosh, professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy." The spirit of exclusiveness complained of at Wind- sor exhibited itself thus in another form, bi:t no less The Vaughan Prize Essay. 65 strong, at Halifax. Immediately after these appoint- ments, Mr. Crawley published a series of Tiieriev. vigorous letters on the college (question in the crawioy-i V] owH on "Nova Scotian." After showing what the •tii.coi- lof^e Ques- people of Nova Scotia had been led to expect tiou." from Dalhousie, and exposing the sectarian si)irit ex- hibited in the recent appointments, he outlines his own policy in the following language : " Rejected from Dalhousie college, other denominations will, of course, adopt such means as to them seem wisest ; it is to Horton Academy that I naturally turn with the hope of training there, under the influence of the union and the liberality which have hitherto susta'ied it, a seminary which may, by diligent exertion, become efficient to most purposes of education. Our young men are leaving us to seek in other countries a more advanced education Our people might, without much effort, sustain at least two professors, distinct from the academy as it now is ; and such men, if diligent, might surely give as good an education as any other seminary in this country promises. Thus sustained, I see not why such an institution would not be entitled to a collegiate charter. It is to this attempt I now invite the Baptists of Nova Scotia." Shortly after this, the Managing Committee called a special meeting of the Education Society. They met at Wolfville, Nov. 15th, 1838, and after careful ^Jt^^^i^J and prayerful deliberation, resolved to com- at'ttrS* mence a collegiate institution at that i)lace, in J^u^n'g." £ C6 History of Acadia College. accordance with their original design. The insti- tution was to be named Queen's College, two pro- fessors were to be appointed, and the then existing buildings utilized until others could be erected. A form- al appeal for support was made to " the Baptists and others friendly to education in the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island." This appeal was published, Nov. 30, over the following names : I. E. Bill, Lewis Johnston, W. Chipman, Simon Fitch, John Pryor, Richard McLeam, E. A. Crawley, Wm. Johnson, J. W. Johnston and J. W. Nutting, who were at that time the Managing Committee of the Edu- cation Society. The support of a collegiate institution, in addition to the academy, was an onerous undertaking for the Baptist denomination of that day, but they unhesitatingly resolved to make the proposed measure a success. The committee carried out the instructions of the Society with commendable despatch. On Dec. 7th, about three weeks after the meeting of the Education Society, all the preliminary arrangements had been made, and public notice was given that classes in Queen's College, Horton, would begin work on the 20th of January next. First PtsiT The Rev. J. Pryor, A.M., was appointed to teach toi8. Classics and Natural Philosophy, and the Rev. E. A. Crawley, A.M., Moral Philosophy, Logic, Rhetoric and Mathematics. Mr. Edward Blanchard of Truro suc- ceeded to the principalship of the academy. On the 21st of January, 1839, the college was formally opened by The Vaughan Prize Essay. 67 I public lectures from each of the professors. Twenty matriculated students were in attendance, a number larger than any other college in Nova Scotia could then boast of. On Oct. 2d, an important addition was made to the teaching staff by the appointment of Isaac Chipman, A.B., of Waterville College, Me., as associate professor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics. Thus was Queen's College started upon its honorable and useful career. The lest men obtainable were upon its teaching staff; in attendance it already ranked first in the Province ; but its resources were of a very un- certain nature, compared with the generous donation of £1,000 stg., which Kings College had received annually from the Home Government for thirty-three years. To secure for the new college a respectable and permanent income became immediately, and has ever since remained, a difficult and perplexing problem. The year 1839 was entered upon with a deficit of £800. During the pmanciai year, £750 was paid for salaries in bothinstitu- ™*"«"- tions ; and the eastern half of the boarding house was erected at an expense of £375 ; at the end of this year the deficit was nearly £1400. To liquidate this large debt and meet the annual outgo, there was an income from the Province of £300, from tuition of £260, and rents £30. The large balance thus left must be met by the contribu- tions of the Education Society. These yielded during the year £466. For the second year, the following salaries were paid: Rev. J. Pryor, £250; Rev. E. A. Crawley, £250 ; Prof. Chipman, £100 ; Mr. Blanchard, £150; 68 History of Acadia College. Mr. Soley, £100, in all £850. At the end of this year, the arrearage was £1,565, (S6,2G0). For the next few years, the income rather exceeded the expenditure, so that, at the end of 1844, the amount due t>y the Man- aging Committee was about £1,3U0. This debt, with the duty of meeting the annual outlay, must have been a heavy burden to the few who bore it in those days, and we can not too much admire the faith, self-denial, and perseverance of those who nurtured the college during its infancy, keeping alive the sacred fire through dis- couragements and difficulties that would have disheart- ened less enthusiastic souls. At the inception of the college, it was distinctly an- nounced that no religious tests would be required of teachers or students, but that the institution should be on the most liberal basis possible, consistent with denom- inational control. A possible objection to the denom- inational complexion of the first Faculty is thus met by a writer of that period. He says : " That the pro- fessors at the commencement belong solely to the Bap- tist denomination arises, from the necessity of the case, from the prominent » ^rt both of those gentlemen have had in the estabhsiiment of the institution from its earliest existence ; and from the entire certainty that there were no persons of superior attainments on this side the Atlantic to supply their places.^' It was regarded as essential to the dignity and suc- cess of the new College at Wolfville that it should possess certain privileges and immunities that could The Vaughan Prize Essay. 69 be secured only by charter. The necessary stej)S were accorclintjly taken by the Manamng Committee Efforts to to obtain this parliamentary recognition. A chart.r. Bill to incori)orate Queen's College, at Horton, with University ]>rivileges was brought into the House of Assembly, February, 1839, by Mr. Chijmian, represent- ative of Kings County. It developed an unexpected amount of opposition in various quarters ; and the friends of the College found that their utmost exertions would be required to secure the ])assagc of the Bill. ^Ir. Dewolf, from Kings, supported it warmly ; and Professor Crawley spoke at the Bar of the House, with his usual ability, in its favor. Notwithstandincr these eft'orts, the Bill was lost, on its second reading, by 23 to 22. This was a bitter disappointment. Without the j)rivilege of granting degrees, the managers of the Institution could scarcely expect young men to take a four years* course of study ; they could not expect any additional grant from the Government, nor could they, with much hope of success, ask contributions from the people. In nowise discouraged, however, the Education Socie- ty prepared for a vigorous presentation of their claims at the session of 1840. It was felt that a college, pos- sessing a greater number of students than any other in the Province, with equal facilities for instruction, had an equal claim to chartered rights, and that " two profess- sors (there were three before the second application was made), alumni of Kings College, conferring degrees at 70 History of Acadia College. Horton, could perform this mystical act with all the ef- fect that is produced by two professors, alumni of the same college, performing the same act at Windsor." At the meeting of the Education Society, in June, at Wilmot, it was resolved to employ all available means to secure the passing of the measure, and all the Churches were requested to petition the Legislature at its approaching session. On February 14th, 1840, the Bill, modified so as not to include a public grant, was again introduced into the Assembly. A very animated debate extending over two days followed, in which the whole subject of higher education was discussed. Many desired a Provincial College, and were therefore unwilling to assist an enter- prise whose success would oppose an effectual barrier to their securing such a measure. Mr. Young, Mr. Uniacke, Mr. Doyle and other leaders of the House opposed Pawage ^^® ^^ ^^^^ much vigor; but few speeches were made in its favor ; yet so greatly had the sentiment of the House changed since the pre- vious session that it passed on division by 27 to 15. Mr. Howe, who supported the measure feebly during the debate, voted with the majority. In the Council, the Bill gave rise to two very powerful and exhaustive speeches, that of the Hon. Mr. Wilkins against it, and that of the Hon. J. W. Johnston in its favor. In this debate the battle between State and Denominational Colleges was thoroughly fought out, the ground being contested inch by inch, and the opponents of the Bill yielding only be- of the Act of Incor- porntioD. -^L^ The Vaughan Prize Essay. 71 fore an array of facts and arguments that was well-nigh irresistible. The eloquent anh Howe call- witii the ed, in Halifax, a public meeting of those opposed ture. to the rural colleges. This was followed by another in Onslow. At the latter place, Mr. Howe was opposed by Prof. Crawley, with such decided success that a meeting, called in the interests of a Provincial L^nivers- ity, gave a majority against it. The determined front shown by the friends of the denominational Colleges at this time rendered these efforts of Mr. Howe, both in and out of the Legislature, futile. The contest was renewed in 1844 and again in 1849, with the same results. In 1851, an amendment to the College Charter transferred the control of the Institution from the Education Society to the Baptist Convention of the Maritime Provinces. The clause limiting the Charter to twelve years was rescinded, 29 to 15, thus re-aftirming with still greater The Vaughan Prize Essay. 73 emjihasis the principle of Independent Collejres. This vote practically ended the long contest with the Legis- lature. It had been an arduous and ]>rntracted ime, extending over twelve years ; and these repeated defeats of the promoters of a State University should teach the utter hopelessness of any future attempt to establish in this Province one College upon the ruins of those now existing. When it was decided to raise the grade of the school at Wulfville to that of a collegiate rank, the only build- ings available were the Academy Hall and the nuJiHini boarding house. These soon l)ecameinsuthcient. withlllit* In August, 1839, the latter building was en- ""•"*^- larged to nearly double its former Ciipacity, thus giving the boarding department relief ; but the want of chiss- rooms was thereby made only the more urgent. In June, 1841, the Managing Committee, in their annual rej)ort, dwelt in the strongest terms upon the necessity for more buildings. It was thereupon resolved that an effort be made to raise £1,500 for that purpose. Of this amount £3(>U were subscribed at once, and agents were appointed to collect the balance. The money, however, came in very slowly, and as the building committee were not allowed to incur debt, the completion of the proposed building seemed a very remote possibility. From this calamity the school was saved by a happy inspiration of Prof. Chipman's. He conceived the idea of " buiUling a College without money,'' and to his un- tiring labors and those of Prof. Crawley we owed the 74 History of Acadia College. stately structure that lately crowued Collej^c Hill. That year was one of extreme financial depression. To ask the people for money seemed almost a mockery ; but it was thought that labor and building materials might be got from many who could not give pecuniary aid. This scheme proved eventually a great sut^cess. The Academy Hall, the only building then used Tor DencHption class-rooms, was sixty by forty feet; in form a of th«» c«.ii«g»«. (irecian temple with six pillars in front. The new building was to be 150 by 35, three storeys high in front and four in the rear, incorporating in it the old hall, running throiigh it transversely. The six j)illars of the original building were to be replaced by a new facade con- sisting of four large Ionic columns and their entablature, which the greater magnitude and elevation of the new front made necessary. A draft and elevation of tlie pro- posed buihling having been made by Prof. Crawley, a working plan in agreement therewith was prepared by Deacon Samuel Kiasman to serve as a guide in asking for contributions of material. Professors Crawley and Chipman then arranged to travel through Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to test the feasibility of their scheme. Prof. Chipman, being extensively ac(|uainted with the places to be visited, planned the journeys and kept an account of the donations. Prof. Crawley fur- nished means of conveyance, and gave public addresses in promotion of the object. Near the end of 1842, this agency b^gan. Public meetings were held in many localities, and effective ad- The Vauglian Prize Essay. 75 dresses delivered by the courageous and enthusiastic professors. A large part of Nova Scotia and AK.ncy of some portions of New Brunswick were thus » mwioy visit^jd with very gratifying success. The •"-« whole of the large frame was taken up in allotments, on the (>ornwallis and Wilmot Mountains ; other maUTiai was secured in the different phices visiteii ; and in the vicinity labor was freely offered. In the spring of 1843, the contributions began to arrive. The first load of timber was landed at W«ilf- ville by the late Mahew Beckwith, Esq., from his own vessel, and two other loads soon followed. From Liver- pool, came a cargo of valuable pine lumber, shingles, laths, sashes, and doors. From the Annapolis \'alley, a vessel loaded with shingles, hemlock, spruce and pine boards. St. John sent lime; while from Halifax there came an important contribution of oil, i)utty, shtu't-lead, nails, paint and glass. The inhabitants of Ilorton rendered valuable aid in preparing the foundation of the building, removing the materials from the wharf to College Hill, and erecting the large frame. That the vast quantity of timber in this complex structure came together with such precision, was due to the ciireful supervision of Mr. Kinsman ; but the animating spirit of the whole enterprise was the indefatigable prof^Mtor Isaac Chipman. Upon him fell the heavy chi,.inw». burden of receiving and keeping an account of all the various contributions down to the gifts of women and children, in the form of gloves, socks and other wool- 76 Ilisto ry of A catUa College. work. There were even donations of o^'j^rs ami a| >] tic- pies ; for every sort of gift was welconuMl, and was turned to good acconnt. Tlius arose the late comely college building, with its im])osing front and handsome cn]tola. It was covered in, and its entire east wing and centre, with smidl ex- ceptions, finished by the contributions o])tain<*d l»y this agency. Th(^ interior of the west wing, eontiiiniiig the library and museum, was not wholly comph^ted till the summer of 1854. While th(» friends of education had been ex| ending their resources (»n the colleg(^-building, the current ex- penses had not been met; and in 1844 the Kdination Society was confronted by a debt of £'2'MH). Inter- nally the school was prosj^erons. Thirty-three stmlents were in attendance, and, on dinu^ l<'>th, I84.i, the college P,r^, had conferred its first degrees, four students dt'f?re«'». ^^.jj^^ i^j^^j completed the four years* ecnirse, hav- ing been Jidmitted to the grade of Artiuvi Bacc(ilnvren». Their names were : John Le.imler liishop, Jauics William Johnston, Lewis .Johnston, and Amos Sharp. In this year, also, a legjicy of £1000 had been left t() the in- stitution by W. 8. Dewolf, Kscp, of Liverpool, N.S., to be a ])erpetual investment, om*-lialf of its interest to be ex])ended for the library, the other half to go to the Ministerial Kducaticm Fund. These facts were en- Fiiinnciai t^'ouragiug, but they did not make the debt Ag^nu. j^uy the less real; and to meet their liabilities the Society resolved to send out three agents, the Kev. The Vaughan Prize Essay. 77 I. K. Bill to the United States, the Rev. J. Prvor to Great Britain, and the Kev. A. Diinock in Nova Scotia ami New jJrunswick. These agents, thou^'h they did not secure enoiigli to free the Society from debt, met with very encoura^Mug success. Mr. Bill obtained about £850 currency, and some twenty dollars' worth of Ixjoks, and Mr. Tryor collected about £800 currency and two hundred puunc's worth of books. Several distinguished authors in (Ireat Britain j)resented their own works, amon«^ them Arch- bishop Whately, Dr. Harris, Dr. Keith, and Dr. Chal- mers. The latter gave twenty-four volumes. 'I'lio celebratedessayist JelVrey, gave tive pounds and S. I'l'to, Esq., £100. This gentleman afterwards, ixi 1853, .sent Dr. Cramp £50 sterling for the library. Mr. Pryor also obtained a bell for the college, the gift of Mrs. J. S. Dewolf of Liverpool, Kngland, and secured from the English Baptist Foreign Missionary Society a grant of £lUO sterling, for a limited number of years, to found a Theological I'rofessorship at VV^olfville, on condition that an eijual sum be raised in Nova Scotia. This amount was jjledged at the Association of 1845, ami in 1846, the Kev. Dr. Crawley (he had received the Founding degree of D.D. in 1844 from Brown Univer- riaHv.gy. sity) was appointed Professor of Theology. He contin- ued, however, to give iastruction in the College proi)er, but his labors were brought to a close, at that tinn;, by his acceptance of the pastoral charge of the Bajjtist Church at Granville St., Halifax. He resigned his i)0- 78 History of Acadia College. sition in October, 1846, and left Wolfville in June, 1847. Upon his withdrawal, the Rev. J. Pryor was constituted President of the College and Supervisor of the Academy. The income was still far from satisfactory. The pre- vious agents had done much, but it was felt that " the ProfVtMior financial affairs of the Institution should, if j)OS- w.'t^'uuHor sible, be put into a state of healthy and effec- money. ^j^^ organization.^' None seemed so well (qua- lified to do this as Prof. Chipman, and he was chosen for this work ; for though his duties at Wolfville were very pressing, a reliable income for the College was felt to be of paramount importance. In January, 1847. assisted by the Revs. R. B. Dickie, N. Yidito and others, he commenced a tour of the Province, holding meet- ings and receiving pledges. Contributions were soli- cited for Home and Foreign Missions as well as Edu- cation, and the whole amount of annual pledges secured during the year was £782. In September of this year, the vacant Theological Professorship was given to President Pryor, and Mr. A. P. S. Stuart, of Brown University, was appointed Pro- fessor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Logic, etc. The Institution had now a very efficient corps of instructors. In the College were Professors Pryor, Chipman and Stuart, and in the Academy, Messrs. C. D. Randall, A.M., S. W. de Blolj, A.B., and Mark Bailey, A.B. The attendance was encouraging, but the insufficient revenue was a constant hindrance to permanent progress. The Vaughan Prize Essay. 79 In June, 1848, the College Corj)oration conferretl the degree ot D.l). upon the Kev. John Tryor, >J,A., and the Kev. J. M. Cramp, M.A , President of thfc Baptist College, Montreal, />«•«?.«;. in the summer of 1849, the arrears of the Insti- tution amounted to £3,700, and the jrrospect of at- taining Uj a healthy iinancial condition seemed as far re^ *oved as ever. The Managing Committed!, however did nut despaii. A Convention of the Baptist As- sociiUions in the Maritime Provinces had been organ- ized in 1846, and at its annual meeting this year, at Bridgetown, the New Brunswick memU^rs offered to assist in paying off the debt, on condition that the gov- ernment of the College he vested in the Convention, and a j(nnt Board of Governors be appointed from the two Provinces. This was agreed to, and after the change had been legalized by the Legislature, in 1851, y,,^.^,^^,,^^ all the property at Wolfville, held by the N. '""."r^'he*"* S. B. E. Society, with certain reservations in^'°»''*""°"- favor of the Academy, was transferred to the Governors of Acadia College. The Education Society continued its control of Horton Academy till 1865, when it dissolved, handing over its trust to the N. S. memberg of the Board of Governors. In 1877, the control of the Academy was vested in the whole Board, so that both Institutions are now under one management. When the Convention took charge of the College in 1849, vigorous measures of relief were resolved upon, the Rev. Messrs. Francis and Bill being appointed 80 History of Acadia College. agents to solicit subscriptions in the United States and in England. They went to England first, and l.ad al- Ag.ncy to ^eudy sent home S500 from that country, when England. ^ controversy arose in the public prints, and the efl'orts of the agents were resisted on the plea that accep- tance of Government aid was inconsistent wiih Haj)tist principles. Tlie opposition was so powerful that Messrs. Francis and Bill judged it advisable to susi>end proceed- ings and return home. The opposition was both un- reasonable and unkind, and sprang rather from j)ersonaI spite than from any righteous source. The agents brought with them about £270. In the summer of 1850, the outlook was very ghxjmy. Prof. JStuart had left at the end of the previous year, uio..my ^^^' l*ryor was to leave in June, Prof. Chip- oVl'm. "^'i*^ ^^^^^ ^Iso tendered his resignation, the de- nomination was divided upon the question of Govern- ment aid, and a debt of £3,000 rested upon the Gover- nors. Without professors and without resources, it seemed as though the end must soon come. It is say- ing much for the intelligence, piety, and zealous courage of tlie Baptists of the Maritime Provinces that in the face of such apparently insurmountable obstiicles they did not tlinch, but unhesitatingly decreed that Acadia College should live. The Educational Society met in July. The gravity of the situation was felt by all, and all were willing to sacrifice their individual feelings to the general good. An understanding was soon arrived at about the dis- The Vauyhan Prize Essny, 81 IK)sal of the Govornment grjint. While many con- teinled that there was no sacrifice of principle in nsinj^ provincial money for a purely secular education, it was agreed, for the sake of hannony, that in future the Government allowance should go to tlie Academy, and that the College should he entirely dependent for sup- port upon th'^ free-will offerings of its friends. To meet the present deficit, £1,000 were horrowed on mortgage; and the Kev. John Chase was a}»pointed an agent to raise the other £2,000 within three ^^^^ j months, none of the suhscriptions to be valid siJce^^nfui unless the whole amount should be subscribed. '^'^*""®y- Through Mr. Chase's energy, seconded by that of the Kev. I. H liill in New 15runswick, the entire sum was secured. Professor Chipman, however, forgave £400 due him, in addition to having contributed annually £25 for some years. J. W. Barss, Esq., the unswerving friend of Acadia, gave at this time £306. A few years later, in 1852, he gave £500. Since that time, his contributions Mr. Bam»* , , , . r 1 • • - aid t«» tlj« have been continuous, every fresh crisis only coiieKe. giving renewed evidence of his liberality. Besides this pecuniary aid, he has also given invaluable assistance in his capacity of Chairman of the Finance Committee, and subsequently as Treasurer of the College. It is not too much to say that the usefulness of Acadia College would have been seriously impaired, if not altogether destroyed, but for the timely, generous and long-continued aid of this benevolent friend of the Horton Institutions. 82 History of Acadia College, In July, 1850, Dr. Pryor took charge of the Ba])tist Chuich in Cambridge, Mass. l*rofussor Chipman had jj^ been induced to withdraw his resignation, but J.'J,^.'''" Dr. Pryor felt it his duty to remove. His with- drawal, (irawal was regarded as a serious loss ; and in view thereof the Executive Committee passed the follow- ing resolution : Resolved, " that this Committee tender the Rev. Dr. Pryor an exi)ression of their deep simse of the value and high importance of his past services, and their sincere regret at his resignation, as an event that must inflict most serious injury on tlie interests of education; and which is, they are assured, directly oi)posed to the warmest wishes of our churches and people." Prof. Chipman was now left alone. With the aid of Mr. C. D. Randall, A.M., as classical tutor, the work of another college year was performed, and the first epoch of the history of the Institution finished. After the departure of Dr. l^ryor, a year elapsed be- fore another president was appointed. The G(>veriiors Rev j.M. were extremely desirous, at this critical junct- D.u., ' ure, of obtaining the best man possible for chosen ' ^ * rreiident. this important position. None seemed so likely to meet their requirements as the Rev. J. M. Cramp, D.D., President of the Baptist College, Mont- real. The Baptists of the Lower I'rovinces had for* ed the personal acquaintance of this gentleman in 1846. As an author, he was ilivorably known many years be- fore, his " Text Book of Popery " and " Reformation in 1 The Vaugluin Prize Essay. 83 Europe " having had (juite a circulation in Nova Scotia and New lirunswick. During his visit in 184G, he attended the College Anniversary and Associational gatherings, everywhere making a very favorable im- pression. The editors of the Christian Messenger said of him at this time : " We feel satisfied tliat the 1 baptists of Canada are fortunate in having at the head of their Institution a man of his piety, learning, and ability ; " and again — " As far as character and competency are concerned, we imagine few men could be found, in America or elsewhere, better qualified to form a correct judgment upon our educational efforts." On his return to Montreal, Dr. Cmmp had done the College good service by a very favorable report, published in the Montreal Register, In this letter he says: "The College department has been for some time past under the care of Dr. Crawley and Professors Pryor and Chip- man, of whom I will only say that they deservedly enjoy the full confidence of the Denomination. Excel- lently qualified, in all respects, for the posts which they respectively occupy, they give themselves wholly to the work, undaunted by difficulties and undismayed by discouragements." A correspondence was opened with Dr. Cramp early in 1851. In February he re{)lied, accepting the invita- tion in words which proved to be prophetic : " I respond to your call, and henceforth devote myself to the cause of Education and Religion in Nova Scotia, 84 History of Acadia Collegt. especially as connected with Acadia College." lie anived in May, and on June 20th delivered his In- augural and was installed President. On this (jcca- sion, the Hon. J. W. Johnston, in i)resenting the Pre- sident Elect, said : " The acknowledged talents of Dr. Cramp, and his well-known ac(j[uirements as a scholar and a theologian, attest the wisdom of the appointment made by the Governors of Acadia (college ; and offer the surest i)ledge that the interests of the Institution, whose welfare lies so near our hearts, will be promoted by the selection tliey have made." Upon assuming the headship of the College, the new President found but one associate and a very unre- in, v« liable revenue. His first endeavor was to im- Siuei"' prove the financial condition of the Institution. ***• He saw that the uncertain income, arising from annual subscriptions, was fatal to real progress, and that the only remedy for existing evils was a per- manent fund whose interest would meet the current exijenses. In April, 1852, at his suggestion, it was resolved to raise, if j)ossible, an endowment of £10,000. The system of £100 scholarships was adopted, and the time for raising the whole sum limited to that year. The continued existence of the College was felt to be dej)endent upon the success of this ettbrt. Dr. Cramp threw himself without reserve into the movement, and being ably seconded by agents throughout the Pro- vinces, by December 31 st the amount pledged reached the very creditable sum of £12,000. The Vaiif/h(ni Prize Exmy. 8«* III the meantime, u tenihle ciilamity had lK.*fallen the Collej^e, in the loss, by (howning, of i*rof. Chipnian, Kev. Mr. Very and four students. This sad event hap- pened on the 7tli of June, 1852, a few days after the Aiuiiversjiry. The Kev. Mr. Very, Pastor of i,r„wninjr the Baptist Church, (lerniain street, St. John, Vr loj" N.B., and Etlitor of the Christmn Vmtar liad <^"*i""»n ]>articipated in the Anniversary exercises, and having' a taste for geological rese^irch, wished to visit Caj>e rjonii- don in company with Professor Cliipman. Accordingly, a ]»arty wa.s made up, consisting of these two gentlemen and four students, Benjamin liand, Cornwallis ; Antliony l*halen, Kawdon ; H. \V. King, Onslow ; and W. K. Grant, Sydney, C.Ii. Two boatmen itccompanied them, Perez Coldwell and Charles Benjamin. The party had visited the Ca^ie, and were on their return home, when, within alniut half a mile of Long Island, with a high wiml, the lK)at capsized, antl all were drowned except Mr. Benjamin. A (quarter of a century has elapsed since this appalling ciitastrophe, when, in open day, within sight of their beloved "Acadia," the devotid teacher, the Christian editor and four promising students were swallowed up by the pitiless waters. At this date, we can with difli- culty conceive how terrible was the effect of this calamity upon a young and struggling Institution. It seemed for a time like the death of all hope for Acadia. The effect upon the President, thus deprived of his able coadjutor, we may give in his own words : " I 86 History of Acadia College. cannot attempt reflections, for I can scarcely think. It is a stunning stroke. God have mpTcy on the widow and the fatherless, on sorrowing friends, on our churches and institutions, so sorely bereft." It would be difficult to over-estimate the value of the Summary ^^^^icc rendered to the College by Professor ^LIot' Chipman. Twelve years of the prime of his ^If^'^ life he gave almost without remuneration to labors. ^j^^ advancement of her interests in every pos- sible way. No brighter example of unselfish devotion can be found in the educational annals of any country. Besides discharging the duties of Mathematical Professor, he took charge of Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy and Geology, and taught these branches with such efficiency as to awaken a general enthusiasm for them among the students. He obtained many books for the Library, and almost without assistance collected the valuable cabinet of minerals which formed such an important part of the late Museum. He also obtained, by e^^ change, illustrative specimens from nearly every part of the world. He will be most gratefully remembered, however, for his invaluable services in connection with the erection of the late College-building ; which, while its beautiful proportions gladdened the eye, was a nobler monument to his memory then the marble shaft which marks his last resting place m the village church-yard. The following tribute to ' * the organization proposed to assist their Alma Auimni Associa- Mater by sustaining at the College the Kev. tion. Dr. Pryor, as Professor of Belles Lettres. Dr. Pryor, having accepted the position, returned to Wolfville from the United States in 1861, but in 1863 resigned his professorship and removed to Halifax. In January, 1866, the Eev. Dr. Crawley, upon invitation of the Governors accepted the vacant position which he stiU fills with his characteristic ability. In 1864 the present enthusiastic instructor in Classics, Professor R. V. Jones, was appointed to suc- ceed Professor James DeMill, who had filled ^,^^^j. ^^ that position with marked ability since 1861. ^'^'***^*- Professor Jones is a graduate of Acadia College and a thorough classical scholar. A year spent in Oxford Uni- versity recently has made him familiar with the best methods of instruction in that renowned seat of learn- ing. Acadia College has always given prominence to Mathematics; having in that department a course of study exceeded by only one College in the Dominion. This has been mainly due to the excellent in- ciiair of structors she has had in this branch of study, matica. 94 History of Acadia College, Professor Chipman, Professor Stuart and Professor D. F. Higgins (appointed in 1861) being men that would do honor to the teaching staff of any Institution. Pro- fessor Higgins enjoys a well-earned reputation as a scholar of broad and generous culture, while being thoroughly conversant with whatever pertains to his own department. After Dr. Pry or*s resignation, the Alumni Association decided to devote their income to prizes to be competed for by the College students under certain conditions. In 1867, the first presentation of these was made, nine prizes in all being given, worth about $200. These have been continued, with occasional changes, ever since. In the summer of 1869, Dr. Cramp vacated the office which he had so long and so satisfactorily filled. jjy He had wished to do this three years before, rp?!?"^^ but the Governors and the Convention were nation. ^^ rcluctant to release him that he withdrew his resignation. Their appreciation of his services may be gathered from the following resolution, passed unani- mously by the Board at that time : Resolved, " That this meeting has learned with deep regret the Eev. Dr. Cramp's determination to resign the Presidency of Acadia College. In his official position at the head of theCoUege, as a Governor, and as connected with our Institutions and the Denomination generaUy, no lan- guage can express too strongly the appreciation in which he is held. His retirement, viewed from any stand- The Vaughan Prize Essaij. 05 point, can be regarded only as a calamity. The Board cannot admit that in any respect Dr. Cramp's age has in the slightest degi'ee impaired his usefulness or efficiency." This resolution was re-affirmed at the con- vention in August by a standing vote. Yielding to these pressing requests, Dr. Cramp remained in his official position till June, 18G9. In this year he ])er- manently resigned his important post. He had been in public life fifty years, and now wished to d«»vote the evening of his days to completing some literary work he had in view. Dr. Cramp's services to the Institution have been of no ordinary character. He found it in a very de- pressed condition, with no endowment, only Dr. Ill /» 1 " Cramp's one professor, and less than a score of students, services ^ to the By husbanding the resources to the utmost, coiiege. contributing for a number of years $400 a year to- wards the current expenses, and, above all, by his energetic advocacy of the endowment scheme, he very materially assisted in placing the College upon a secure foundation. When he resigned, there were four instructors, forty-seven students, and nearly $40,000 of endowment. While Dr. Crawley will justly be honored as the founder of Acadia College, Dr. Cramp is entitled to scarcely less honor as its second founder, and the memory of both will go down fragrant to posterity, and be revered as long as the Institution, to the advancement of whose interests they gave such a large portion of their Kves, holds a place in the affections of the people. 96 History of Acadia College. V\>(m the resigTiation of the Rev. Dr. Cramp, the Rev. A. W. Sawyer, D.D., was unanimously elected to Rev. A. w the presidency of the College. In his former D.D., ' connection with the Institution this gentleman rre-ident. had earned an enviable reputation as a teacher and a scholar. His rare breadth of culture, combined with decisi(ni of character, marked him as a man eminently (pialitied for the headship of a College. The result has shown the wisdom of the Governors' choice. Under his administration, a gradual advance in every department is noticeable, the endowment is rapidly growing, the number of students is increasing, the cur- riculum is being enlarged, and there are already seven instructors in the Arts course. Through the benevolence of several friends of the College, a Chair of Science was established in 1869, Chair of whicli was filled for three years, w ith much science, ability, byProfessor WiUiam Elder, now filling the same position in Colby University, Me. He was succeeded by Professor G. T. Kennedy, a graduate of McGill and of the Yale Science School, and an enthu- siast in his department. In 1874, a revival of Theological instruction was at- tempted, by appointing the Rev. D.M. Welton, A.M., pro- Theoiogy. fessor in that department. After two years ser- vice. Professor Welton obtained leave of absence for the purpose of visiting Germany and becoming ac- quainted with the scholarship and methods of instruction pursued in the celebrated Universities of that land. After The Vaiighan Prize Essay. 97 spending two years abroad, he resumed his duties in 1878. For the i)ast four years, the Chair of History has been filled by the popular and efficient Principal of the Academy, Professor J. F. Tufts, A.M., a grad- ^.^^.^^ ^^ uate of Acadia College and of Harvard Uni- "'''°'y- versity. lender his tuition, a renewed interest has been exhibited in the work of this department. A very competent instructor in French and German has recently been engaged, so that those languages may now be studied in the college course. To complete the list of additions to the teaching staff, we have gone beyond the regular course of our narrative, which it will be necessary now to resume. In 1872, certain aspects of the general educational outlook w^ere the source of much anxiety to those most deeply interested In maintaining the literary rank of the College, and in giving it a solid financial foundation. The expenses had been increasing faster than the in- come, and there was danger that the insufficient endow- ment would soon be seriously diminished. Just at this time, the friends of a Provincial University were agitating in behalf of their scheme, and some who might naturally have been expected to promote the interests of Acadia were for a time diverted by the prospect of a University that would not be dependent upon the benefactions of private individuals. The gravity of the crisis called for immediate action, and circulars were ad- dressed to the Alumni, inviting an expression of in- a 98 History of Acadia College. dividi.al opinion as to the best course to be pursued by the College authorities. The almost unanimous res- ponse that came was that efforts should at once be made to enlarge the teaching staff and strengthen the resources of the College. Thus encouraged, the Governors set to work vigor- ously to improve their financial condition. Agents were appointed, who entered with zeal into their work, and in a short time over $25,000 was pledged for the endowment fund. In 1876, the question of Government grants became prominent. The Governors of Acadia College had received no provincial aid, prior to 1865, for fifteen years, but in that year, owing to the revival of provin- " Dalhousie," they accepted an annual grant '^'^^ ^^^' of $400. The re-opening of Dalhousie College in 1863 was effected by an arrangement between the Govern- ment and the Presbyterians, whereby that body en- joyed the use of funds worth £1250 ($5,000) a year. The other denominations had been invited to co-operate and thus establish a Provincial University, but they declined to do this, preferring to sustain their own Colleges instead. They also petitioned the House against the injustice of granting so large an amount of public funds to one denomination and an attempt at compensation was made by the offer of £100 a year to the aggrieved bodies. This was accepted, under pro- test, and continued to be the grant to Acadia College till 1876, when, in consequence of an increased grant The Vaughan Prize Essay. 99 to Dcalhousie, the other denomiuations again petitioned the House, asking either that all grants to Colleges be withdrawn, or that they be made upon an equitable basis. These petitions gave rise to an Act granting $2,400 a year for five years to the various colleges, and an Act establishing at Halifax an examining University for the Province, with which the different denomi- national Colleges were held to be in affiliation, though the right of conferring degrees was not taken away from them The governing Boards of these institutions were invited to nominate suitable persons for election to the Senate of the new University, and to give their active assistance in making this educational experiment a success. The Governors of Acadia referred this question to the Convention, and at the meeting of this body in August, 1876, it was decided not to co-operate with the Halifax University, but instead to make a vigorous effort to raise $100,000 additional endowment within three years. The work of raising this large sum was at once entered upon. The amount was apportioned equitably among the three provinces, and agents were selected to make a thorough canvass. Yarmouth Co., N. S., was the first to respond to this appeal, generously assum- Attempt to rfttso ing S20,000 as her share, of which sum $10,- sioo.ooo. 000 was pledged by one of her large-hearted citizens, A. C. Robbina, Esq. In New Brunswick the work of receiving pledges was undertaken with much vigor, but Burnin of Aca College 100 History of Acadia College. it received a severe check by the disastrous fire of St. John in June, 1877. The canvass was, however, resumed in that province, and continued to make gratifying pro- gress in N. S. and P. E. I.* While the Denomination were devoting all their energies to completing this proposed addition to the en- dowment, they met with a very severe loss in the total ig destruction by fire on the evening of December dia e. 2nd, 1877, of their beautiful College-building, the fruit of so much self-denying toil. This building contained the College and Academy class-rooms, the Library and Museum, the President's residence and rooms for about twenty-five students. The portraits were saved from the Library and the books also, in a damaged condition, but the valuable Museum was near- ly a total loss, as was also the furniture of the class- rooms and students' rooms. By this sudden disaster, the College and its President were literally turned out of doors, and all teaching operations suspended for the term. Thus, as ruthlessly as the waters engulfed the lamented Professor Chipman twenty -five years before, did the flames consume the fruit of twelve years of his toil given to the erection of this College-building and the collection of the Museum. • In 1871, the endowmenl was reported to be $41,786 " 1873, «* " " 61,748 «* 1876, •* *• « 66,708 " 1878, •» *• •• 83,963 The Vaughan Prize Essay. 101 As soon as practicable after the fire, the Governors were called together to devise plans for the future. To meet the present emergency, they decided to erect temporary buildings for College and Academy class- rooms. These buildings were erected during the win- ter vacation, and were ready for occupancy at the beginning of the next term, so that the Institution suffered but a few weeks' interruption. It was also decided, at this meeting, to make an appeal to the whole Denomination for means to rebuild upon a basis sufficiently broad to accommodate the College and Academy classes, with the Library and Museum. A building to accommodate seventy-five young ladies formed part of this plan. The Governors* appeal secured in pledges over $30,000, a sum sufficient- ly large to justify them in commencing to rebuild. On Marah the 7th, the Executive Committee of the Board of Governors were instructed to obtain suitable plans for the College and Ladies' Seminary Erection of new and to solicit tenders for the erection of the buiidinK». buildings. On the 20th of May, they advertised for tenders. These were in, and one accepted, on the 7th of June. On the 10th, work commenced, and on the 9th of July, dedicatory services were held in connec- tion with laying the corner stones. On this occasion, appropriate addresses were delivered by the Ee\. Dr. Sawyer, Kev. Dr. Crawley and the Kev. Lr. Cramp. The comer stone of the College was laid by Avard Longley, Esq., M.P.P., representing the Board of 102 History of Acadia College. Governors, he having been chairman at their previous session in June. The Eev. S. W. DeBlois read the list of articles deposited in the corner-stone, and the Kev. Dr. Cramp offered the dedicatory prayer. The corner- stone of the Seminary was laid by Mrs. J. W. Lovett, of Yarmouth, she having been invited to perform this ceremony on account of being the largest lady contri- butor to the funds of the Institution. The Eev. S. B. Kempt on, of Canard, offered the dedicatory prayer, after which Mr. J. W. Bigelow, Secretary of the Build- ing Committee, gave a brief address. The work on the buildings was pushed forward with commendable despatch by the contractors, Messrs. Rhodes & Curry, and part of the College was ready for occupancy in the February ensuing. They were com- pleted and handed over to the Building Committee in the following summer, and in September, 1879, both buildings were formally taken possession of for school purposes. The Baptist Denomination are under obligations to J. W. Bigelow, Esq., the energetic Secretary of the Building Committee, for his continuous and intelligent supervision of the erection of both the CoUege and Seminary. In Services of equipping the buildings, too, his business tact committee, was called into requisition, thereby securing the best at the lowest possible cost. The contract price for these two buildings was Cost and $34,500. This was increased bv unavoidable indebted- "^ BOM. extras, cost of heating apparatus and of fur- The Vaughan Prize Essay, 103 nishings by some $6,500, making the whole outlay about $41,000. The proceeds of insurance and subscriptions have not proved sufficient to meet this by $20,000, which must be raised before these fine structures can be, as they certainly should be, free of debt. The Educational Institutions at Wolfville now occupy four buildings, the old Boarding House, the Academy Boarding House, Acadia Seminary and Acadia Dpscription College. The Academy Boarding House, erect- buiidinga « ^ and equip- ed a few years since at a cost of $18,000, is ments. a building in the modern style, four stories high, with a French roof. It is 80 feet by 40, with an L, 30x40, three stories high. The first flat contains a spacious dining-hall, 40x40, and apartments for teachers. The other flats are used for studies and dormitories. Ac-adia Seminary is 90 feet by 45, and four stories high. It is thoroughly modern in its construction and equipment, being heated throughout by hot- water radi- ators, and having bath-rooms with hot and cold water on the flats occupied by the boarders. The furniture of this building was manufactured to order, as was also the table and bedroom ware and every piece of this ware has the name " Acadia Seminary " stamped upon it by the makers. In the healthfulness and attractiveness of its site, in the architectural beauty of its exterior, and the comfort and elegance of its interior, this building is without a rival of its kind in the Lower Provinces, per- haps in the Dominion. By far the most prominent of these edifices, is the 104 History of Acadia College, College. The designs for this structure received the most careful consideration from the Executive Com- mittee, and the plan finally adopted Wtis the result of a large amount of painstaking effort to secure a building that would best meet the wants of the schools to be accommodated, combined with such graces of architec- ture as an edifice of its pretensions ought to aspire to. The length of this building is 154 feet, including the end towers, each wing being 30 feet front and 70 feet deep, while the central part is 78 feet long and 50 deep. The corner towers project 20 feet above the roof and the central tower, from the ground to the top of the finial is aboutllO feet. The exterior is exceedingly graceful, as the architects and builders have succeeded in securing a very pleasing effect through a harmonious combination of ancient and modern styles of architecture, without any sacrifice of interior accommodation. The first storey of the College is devoted mainly to class-rooms, of which there are ten in all, including two in the second storey. On the second flat are the Museum, Library and Assembly Hall. These rooms have a height of 20 feet, and galleries surrounding three sides of the first two, and two sides of the latter. The Library contains over 3,000 volumes, carefully selected and well adapted to the wants of the students. It has, besides, valuable portraits of the founders of the College and first presidents. In the centre of this flat is the Assembly Hall, a spacious room capable of seating nearly one thousand persons. It is finished in The Vaughan Prize Essay. 105 ash, with deeply panelled ceiling, and presents a very handsome appearance. The Ivluseum, which occupies the west end of this flat, is the most tastefully fitted up of any room in the building. A special fund, placed at the disposal of the Building Committee, enabled them to finish this room in ash and walnut, and furnish it with elegant tables and cases of the same material. It is intended to make, the collection which shall be placed here, of which the nucleus has been already gathered, illuatrate the differ- ent branches of Natural History. The grounds in front of the College are graded and terraced, adding much by their neatness to the general attractiveness of the premises Horton Collegiate Academy has always held a high rank among the classical schools of the Lower Provinces. After the founding of the C;ollege, it ceased to ^^.^f ^^, occupy so large a share of the public attention, Horton but it has always been considered an indispens- -^^^^^^^y- able auxiliary to the more advanced Institution. Nearly all of the students who have matriculated at Acadia Col- lege have received their preparatory training in this Academy, and the prosperity of the latter has always very materially affected the attendance at the former. The early history of this school has already been given. Mr. Asahel Chapin was Principal from March, 1829, to June, 1830. The Eev. John Pryor, A.M., succeeded him, and held this position till January, 1839. He was followed by Mr, Blanohard, who was Principal 106 History of Acadia College. till 1843. In that yea*, Mr. C. D. Randall, A.M., succeeded to this impcicant post, remaining in charge till 1851, when Mr. J. W Hartt, A.M., became Princi- pal. Mr. Hartt was succeeded, in 1860, by the Rev. T. A. Higgins, A.M., who held the position for fourteen years. In 1874, he was succeeded by Prof. J. F. Tufts, who still remains in charge. It is impossible now to estimate, with any degree of accuracy, the number of students who have received the benefits of the Academical course during this period of over fifty years ; but there have certainly been several thousands who have attended for a longer or shorter period. To many who have since become eminent men, it has given all the speciai training they have ever received ; while it has prepared for matriculation into Acadia College over four hundred students. The continuous growth of the Academy may be in- ferred from the number of matriculants sent up during the different periods of its history. The first class of nineteen received their preparatory training under Dr. Pryor and his assistants. During che five years that Mr. Blanchard was Principal, thirty-four students were prepared for College, an average of over six yearly ; during the eight years of Mr. Randall's principalship, forty-eight students were prepared, or an average of six ; during Mr. Hartt's principalship, sixty-three matricu- lated, bein^ an average of eight ; during Mr. Higgins* principalship, one hundred and seventy-seven matricu- lated, being an average of over twelve ; and during the The Vaughan Prize Essay. 107 first four years of Professor Tuft's principalship, sixty- eight matriculated, being an average of seventeen. It will be seen from this review that the Academy has been the means of mental enlightenment to a large number of persons. Many of thp-so have been teachers, who have communicated to others the intellectual bless- ings they have received at Wolfville, thus making the work done at Horton Academy felt throughout the Lower Provinces. This review of the educational work of the Baptists, would not be complete without some mention of the efforts made within the Denomination to pro- Efforts to vide for the higher education of females. The Ru. higher first school for young ladies, of which we have of lemaies. an account, was opened in Nictaux, by the Kev. I. E. Bill, previous to 1850, and continued with success for some years. About 1855, individuals, desirous of promoting female education, originated schools in Berwick, Liver- pool and Wilmot, which, if they did not continue for many years, nevertheless induced the people to study the subject, and awakened a desire for advancement in this department of public education. A boarding school for young ladies was opened in Wolfville, in 1857, by the Rev. John Chase, in the house now known as the Acadia Hotel. This school was well equipped and did yery efficient work. For twelve years a ladies* seminary was continued on these premises, some- times dependent upon the teachers in charge, some- 108 History of Acadia College, times under the control of a committee of gentlemen residing in the village, and for a time organized as a Branch of Horton Academy. During this period, a large number of young ladies were educated under the guidance of teachers of superior ability and excellent attainments, and the beneficial results of this training are now manifest in many localities. In 1870, the school was suspended on account of financial difficulties. In 1872, the Committee of Management for Horton Academy de-udod to open its classes to young ladies until some better ])lan for their education should be adopted, and a few rooms in the tenement at the west end of the boarding house were assigned for the residence of the female pupils. The plan thus adopted as provisional has been con- tinued longer than was anticipated, and out of it the Acadia Seminary has been developed as a part of the system of schools now under t'ae direction of the Governors of Acadia College. It would be difficult to over-estimate the service rendered to general and higher education in the Lower Provinces by the founders of the Instit^itions at Horton. Effects of The present generation can form no adequate upon the conception of the limited educational advan- general ■*• th^^'coun- ^S^^ enjoyed in this large district of country ^' previous to the foimding of Horton Academy. With the exception of the institutions at Windsor and Pictou, whose advantages few could enjoy, and a superior day-school in the leading towns of each Pro- The Vaughan Prize Essay. 109 vince, no opportunities were afforded to our youth to advance beyond the very inferior instruction of the common school. To obtain a liberal education was then a possibility only for a favored few. The movement at Wolfville marked the beginning of a new era. The rich fields of ancient literature and modern thought, to which academical training intro- duced the student, were no longer to be fenced in by creeds and articles, nor made the exclusive heritage of the wealthy. All sectarian barriers were broken down, and the expenses incident to an extended course of study reduced to a minimum, so that the opportunities for advanced culture were brought within the reach of every ambitious youth, and from all grades of society young men, thirsting for knowledge and intellectual power, came to this open fountain to drink. The effects of this culture soon began to be apparent. There ensued a general waking up to the value of mind and mental training. Baptist clergymen and laymen became leaders of thought and centres of influence, and the Denomination gradually rose from the humble posi- tion it occupied fifty years ago to be recognized as second to none in intellectual activity and moral worth. One of the results of this quicker appreciation of mental culture was our present excellent free school system, which is to a large extent an outgrowth Free of the educational revival that produced the largely a result of Horton institutions. The author of the mea- Acadia. sure received his education at Wolfville, while the two 110 History of Acadia College. superintendents of education, Dr. T. H. Rand and Rev. A. S. Hunt, A.M., whose executive ability and educa- tional enthusiasm have contributed so largely to the success of the Act, are both graduates of Acadia College. As early as 1832, the Managing Committee of Horton Academy urged the improvement of the primary schools, and several times subsequently they memorialized the House, requesting the adoption of some suitable measure for promoting education among the people. In 1840, in a series of published letters on " The People's Inter- est," the Rev. E. A. Crawley, then professor at Acadia College, discussed the subject of common schools, and recommended direct taxation for their support. The agitation upon this question was continued by these and other friends of education till the present admirable school law was secured. Those who have studied at Wolfville for a longer or a shorter time may now be counted by thousands. Of Number ^^^^^i ^^"^ hundred and ten have entered upon Sfe?' of " ^^^ ^^ College course, and one hundred and Sls^'iff*'** sixty-one completed it, receiving their degrees. Acadia. Xhcse graduates are to be found in many countries and following many callings. Wherever they go, they are recognized as meii of culture and intellect- ual power, able* to compete successfully with the graduates of older and larger universities. At Cam- bridge, Mass., they have so weU acquitted themselves that they are able to take an advanced standing with- out examination. At Newton and other theological The Vaughan Prize Essay, 111 schools, they have been found able to do as good work as the average graduate of the New England colleges, while at the highest medical schools in Great liritain, they have held their own with Alumni of the renowned universities of the Old World. These facts are very gratifying to those who have striven to keep the standard of matriculation and ('j,gract«r graduation so high at Acadia. Lower require- toiVogo ments for entering might have drawn more *'**"'"*'• students, and a less extended and less rigorous course of study might have given more degrees, but the cfiuse of higher education would have suffered proportionally thereby. As Acadia now leads the van in this respect, having a higher standard of admission and a longer and more difficult course of study than any other col- lege in the Lower Provinces, she must retain her leader- ship by increasing her requirements with the growing culture of the times. Thus she will always attract a superior class of students, and preserve the very gratify- ing reputation her Alumni enjoy abroad. Acadia has been called " The School of the Prophets," and, of the one hundred and ninety ordained minis- ters connected with the Baptist Convention of the Mari- time Provinces, nearly all have studied at Wolf ville, and sixty-three of them are graduates. The breadth of culture, vigor of thought and intelligent Ministers apprehension of genuine Christianity they have Jt'^w'oif- there obtained, must be a price] ess blessing to ^"®* the thousands to whom Lliey minister. From this Institu- 112 History of Acadia College, tion, too, several missionaries have gone to India and Biirmah, carrying to those dark lands blessings that will widen and deepen to the end of time. The pioneer in this work was th,. late Rev. Richard E. Burpe, who gradu- ated in 1844, and died in 1853. He was succeeded in the Burman field by the late Rev. A. A. R. Crawley, who Mission- graduated in 1849, went to Burmah in 1854, ^■'^^ and for over twenty years gave his energies to promulgating in that idolatrous land the pure doctrines of the Bible. Others have imbibed the spirit of these departed Missionaries, and with like zeal for the truth, have given their lives to the same work. The College is now represented in the mission field by such earnest, self-denying men as the Revs. W. F. Armstrong, Rufus Sanford, W. B. Boggs and G. F. Currie, in India, and the Revs. H. E. Morrow and William George, in Burmah. In the legal profession, the Alumni of Acadia hold an honorable place. They have carried with them to the study and practice of law the same industry and research that they were compelled to use in their College course, and, both on the bench and at the bar, have won a foremost place in the profession. Acadia has done much to make teaching honor- able, and her graduates who are engaged in this pro- fession rank among the leading educationists of the day. Two of them have for many years fiUed, with marked ability, leading chairs in their own College ; two others have filled similar positions The Vaughan Prize Essay. 113 for a shorter time ; two others as Principals of Horton Academy for the last eighteen years have done excellent work in that position ; one ha-s been for many years the efficient President of tho Eichmond Institute, Va. ; another, a very eminent scholar, is Professor of Classics at Woodstock, Ontario ; two have held important posi- tions in the Boston Latin School ; another is an Instructor at Harvard University ; two are professors in the Pro- vincial Normal School, Truro, while another, the late C. F. Hartt, a very distinguished scientist, was Professor of Geology at Cornell University for a number of years, and at the time of his decease was director of the Geolo- gical Survey in Brazil under Imperial appointment. In addition to these enumerated, several other graduates hold prominent positions as teachers in Academies, while a number who have not actually engaged in teaching have helped on the educational work very materially as inspectors of counties. For thirteen years, the office of Chief Superintendent of Education for Nova Scotia was filled in succession by two Alumni of Acadia, T. H. Rand, Esq., D.C.L., and the late Rev. A. S. Hunt, A.M. ' Both of these gentlemen have left their impress upon the educational history of our Province, the former, .especially, contributing very materially by his tact, energy and executive ability, to the effective working of the School Act, Dr. Rand held this office from 1864 to 1870. In 1871, he was appointed Chief Superintendent of Education for New Brunswick, and 114 History of Acadia College. he enjoys to-day the reputation of being one of the leading educationists in the Dominion. Mr. Hunt held the position from 1870 till his death in October, 1877. His administration was marked by continuous efforts to improve the status of the teacher, and to disseminate as widely as possible the blessings of free schools. Of those who have studied at Wolfville for a shorter period, many have risen to positions of emin- men, not eucc and usei Illness. A tew among these graduates. are the late Eev. Charles De Wolfe, D.D., Principal of the Theological Department, Sackville ; Dr. De Wolfe, for many years Superintendent of Mount Hope Asylum ; Hon. Dr. Parker, of Halifax ; Prof. Elder, of the Science Department of Colby University ; Ed- ward Young, late chief of the Bureau of Statistics, Washington, D.C. ; and Sir Charles Tupper, one of the Cabinet Ministers of the Dominion. Not many of Acadia's students have devoted their talents to authorship, though a few have in this depart- ment attained to w^orld-wide celebrity. Prof. James DeMille, ^:'ho has been one of the Pro- fessors of Dalhousie College for several years, besides various contributions to- light literature, has recently issued a treatise on Khetoric, which will probably be adopted as a College text-book ; and the late Dr. J. L. Bishop of the class of 1843 was the author of a very valuable work on " The History of American Manufac- tures," which is the standard authority on th^it subject in the United States and England. 4 1 The Vaughan Prize Essay. 11 o The Horton Institutions have a religious history of extreme interest. They were founded by men of faith and prayer, and have depended for eiorlffn"* their support mamly upon the sympathy c..n«'>re which the spiritual benefits, flowing from them, have awakened in the hearts of those who value spiritual culture. When Horton Academy was estab- lished, many good people were alarmed lest the course of mental training pursued there should be fatal to the religious prosperity of their denomination, and much opposition was offered to the school on that account. The fears which were then entertained have long since given way before the full and satisfactory ^ evidence to the contrary. The first teacher proved to be a man of fervent piety, and he soon became an active instrument in a revival of religion with which the school, the church and the neighbouring community were early blessed. This was the first fruits, and ever since, at intervals of about two years, similar marks of the divine favor have been enjoyed. These religious awakenings were often of a remarkable nature, resulting from no preconcerted effort but accom- . panitd by evidences of uncommon spiritual power. Their influence was irresistible, for, as they spread, the indiffer- ent and the hostile alike were compelled to acknowledge a power greater than theirs, and yield themselves willing disciples of Christ. Many who are now successfully preaching the gospel began their religious life at these revivals, and hundreds of others bless God to-day for » 116 History of Acadia College. the christian influences thrown around them at the Horton Institutions. Of these awakenings, one of the most extensive and Rpvivai far-reaching in its results occurred in 1848, of 1818. when over one hundred and forty from the Institutions and the village were added to the Church. Some of these are now prominent Ministers, and one was the devoted Missionary, Arthur Crawley. Considerinor these extraordinarv tokens of divine approval, and the w^onderful manner in which the Col- lege has been sustained financially, how appropriate becomes the designation, "Child of Providence," given to it in a moment of inspiration by the late Father Theodore Harding. This phrase expressed his own firm conviction, and it has since become the conviction of thousands who, in contributing to its support, do it as unto the Lord. In addition to the regular arts course of four years, which all students, expecting to graduate, are required Thpoiogi- to take, there has been a large amount of c&l in* struction. thcological instruction furnished at the College. The service rendered in this way to the cause of Keligion is of the highest importance. Many young men, who could not attend a regular theological school, have, through this instruction, been equipped for the important work of preaching the gospel. This theologi- cal instruction was entirely separate from the secular course, though matriculated as well as general students could enjoy its advantages. This course began with The Vaughan Prize Essay. 117 the appointment of Dr. Crawley as Theological Pro- fessor, in 1846, and has continued with slight interrup- tions ever since. Dr. Cramp, during the whole of his connection with the institution, gave instruction to ministerial students in Ecclesiastical History, Hebrew, Pastoral duties and Biblical interpretation. After his resignation, this work was continued by Dr. Crawley and subsequently by Prof. Welton. Through the frequent religious revivals enjoyed at Acadia, and the healthful influence of Christian teachers, a religious atmosphere has ever pervaded the place. A majority of the students have always h^^n ^^^^ .^^ active intelligent Christians, who, without any pl[J!^p\t prompting from the faculty, have since the ^*^**^'*- founding of the College maintained among themselves regular religious services. The importance of this element in the educational atmosphere of a school is simply incalculable. Mental training, without cor- responding moral and spiritual culture, may prove a doubtful good, but a simultaneous development of man's complex nature will assuredly produce that highest type of man, the Christian scholar. So long as the principles of Christianity are considered of prime im- portance, so long will parents prefer for their sons the culture which Acadia gives to- that of the most pre- tentious university in which religion is ignored. The wonderful growth of the Baptist Denomination in these Provinces is, without doubt, largely due to in- fluences emanating from this seat of learning. At the 118 History of Acadia College. Effpct of last meeting of the Interprovincial Associa- legt- upon tion, held a short time before the founding of tho Bapt- ... J i8t8of the Horton Academy, the Denomination contained L<)\v(»r '' Provincps. biit Seventeen ordained ministers, thirty churches and 1827 members ; in 1877, the Convention covering the same territory embraced one hundred and ninety ordained ministers, 344 churches, and 36,691 members. The magnitude of the work repre- sented by these figures is not easily estimated, nor is it less ditticult to trace the eve^-widening circles of influence of which Acadia is the centre. The growth of the Denomination and the prosperity interde- ^^ ^^^^ College mutually act and re-act upon ofThecoi- each other. They are so interdependent that Denomin- it is difficult to prououncc either the cause when both appear to be results. Both are however, without doubt effects of a higher cause, and for the measure of success granted to both College and Denomination we should be devoutly grateful to the Giver of every good. The future of Acadia College is, under God, in the hands of the present generation. If the patient striving, the noble self-sacrifice and Christian philanthropy Future of the past are to be repeated in the years to College. come, we may safely predict for the Institution a glorious career. The want it was created to supply still exists, and will exist in an increased and increasing degree through all time. One expensive University in The Van ghan Prize Essay. 119 the Capital of the Province will never draw to it, in any considerable numbers, the youth of the rural dis- tricts. The cost of living and the temptations of city- life will oppose an effectual barrier to this most valu- able class of students. They will, however, naturally resort to Wolfville, where an excellent education is to be obtained at the minimum of expense, and where with- out discovering any approach to sectarianism, they will have restraining moral influences thrown around them during the formative period of their lives, when, free from parental control, they most need such guards. The site of the College is one of the finest in North America. It combines natural beauty with healthful- ness in a remarkable dem-ee. Fogs and mala- Advan- ° ^ taj?e of its ria are unknown, and extn^raes of temperature situation, are rarely experienced. The lover of natural scenery will find here landscapes of rare attractiveness. The eye can never tire of the beautiful panorama spread out before it of mountain, river, valley, sea and sky. These scenes linger in the memory of the gi^aduate long after he has entered upon the business of life, leading him often to look back yearningly upon the pleasant happy days when, as a student at Wolfville, he opened his heart to the healthful influences of Nature, and allowed his eyes to drink in with deep delight the enchanting scenery that stretches from bold Blomidon to the beauti- ful valley of the Gaspereau. This natural attractiveness of the situation will form an important element in the future of the College. 120 History of Acadia College. While it will attract students it will retain their affec- tions, bringing them back frequently to revisit old haunts, and keeping alive their interest in their Alma Mater. From the past history of Acadia College, we predict a coming greatness. The noble endeavor, the per- severing effort, the earnest continued prayer of those who cannot have labored in vain, warrant the convic- tion that there is before it a future of solid usefulness, of steady growth and of enduring renown. RECORDS OF STUDENTS AND GRADUATES OF ACADIA COLLEGE FROM ITS COMMENCEMENT UNTIL 1878. 00 Q z C4 O UJ Q Q UJ Z QC D m o UJ -I o o < Q < < RECORD,^ OF STUDENTS DURING THE ANTE- COLLEGIATE PERIOD. Br THE Rev, D. W. C. Dimock, A.M. We >(0 back a year or twti before the Academy oa the hill was built, and enter the "old yellow" house, a few rods in front of the site of the one lately consumed l)y fire. In a small room a gentleman belonging to the United States, Rev. Mr. Chapin, may be seen imparting instruction to some young men and lads, who have come from different places to avail themselves of the advantages there afforded to obtain knowledge. No records of these days were kept, and very difficult it is to trace any connected link along this period, which precedes the memorable year that witnessed the found- ing of Queen's, subsequently Acadia, College. Looking along the lines of the past, into that old school-room the writer recognizes a few of the young men there seated on the benches in 1828-9. Prominent among them is Edward Young, son of Win. Young, of Falmouth, a name very savory to many, especially to our fathers in the ministry. Edward, tliough quite a lad, shows marks of intelligence and aptness for learning. Subsequently he left the Pro- vince and became Chief of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington, received the degree of M.A. from Acadia 124 Records of Students College, and afterwards Ph. D. from Columbian Col- lege. He has proved himself the constant friend of Acadia. As donor for many years of an annual gold medal for proficiency in the higher mathematics, he is remembered with interest, respect and affection. Charles DeWolfe, the writer recognizes in that group, son of Stephen DeWolfe, of Wolfville. He was of pleasing manners, full of fun, and loved to argue. He was often found taking opposite sides in argument, and some witty repartee would seem ofttimes to give him the victory. It is not very unlikely that this habit of arguing contrary to his belief led him into scepticism, in which, it is remembered, he became entangled. Charles went to Halifax, after leaving the Academy, and commenced the study of law. While there, through the ministry of Dr. Crawley, he was awakened to an apprehension of his sinfulness, and the delusiveness of his sceptical views and was led to abhor and renounce them. He became a member of the Wesleyan church, left the study of law, pursued a Theological course, and devoted himself to the Christian ministry, and ulti- mately became Theological professor at the Wesleyan College at Mount Allison. - In 1848 he received from Acadia College the degree of M.A., and in 1862 that of D.D. But the Master has called him higher — he rests, ** absent from the body " he is " present with the Lord." A. V. DiMOCK was one among the students in the old yellow house, and subsequently, after the new Academy was built, he was a student under Dr. Pryor. He daring the Ante-colleyUite Period. 125 engaged in the Christian ministry at a very early age, becoming successively pastor at Liverpool, Locke's Island, Hebron in Yarmouth, and the Stewiackes, from which place he removed to the United States, where he still resides, and where he has labored both as pastor and agent for the A. & F. B. Society. Much mis- sionary work was performed by him in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. He was at one time engaged in an agency in collecting funds for the Academy, in wliich he was very successful. His ministry also was productive of much fruit, and through his labors many were brought to profess Christ. The name of Richakd McLeaun has many precious memories. Mr. McLearn was not only a student at the Academy, but was most active in promoting its interests. He travelled much as agent in its behalf, both in Nova Scotia and the United States. He possessed a fine mind, clear and discriminating judgment, was sound in the faith, a lover of good men, and beloved of the good. For several years he was pastor of the church at Kawdon, subsequently at Windsor. He graduated at King's College, Windsor, being, so far as the writer knows, the first Dissenter, so called, who graduated at that institution, the restrictive measures, to which con- scientious men could not submit, either having been removed or not enforced in his case. Suffering from disease of the throat, Mr. McLearn was compelled to relinquish the pastorate in Windsor. He removed to Dartmouth, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He 126 Records of Students died in the summer of 1860, beloved and honored. But we will leave the old yellow school house, and we may do so without regret. Low in the storey, and of very limited size, it w^as oppressive in summer heat, so that, while some are reciting inside, others are stiidy- ng in the fields outside. In winter the old stove some- times refused to do duty, when raised windows would be the only relief to our oppressed breathing powers. In August, 1830, Rev. J. Pryor took charge of the school. The letter from the Executive Committee, ex- tending the invitation to him, is now before the writer. It contains the signature of Lewis Johnston, J. W. Nutting, J. W. Johnston, Wm. Chipman, Simon Fitch, and Wm. Johnson — all earnest workers in our educa- tional measures. All have been called from their earthly toil. In 1831 possession was taken of the new Academy. More breathing space is now afforded, and conveniences were obtained which both teacher and students were glad to possess. A spacious school-room is provided. At the right, as you entered, was a platform, six or eight inches high, on which stood the blue desk cf the Prin- cipal, and behind which "he dat. At his left, within reaching distance, was a green cord attached to a metal plate, which when drawn perpendicular showed the word study; when half way down it signified per- mission to ask any questions concerning the lessons ; and when it was entirely lowered it was the signal for a general stampede. during the Ante-collegiate Period. 127 A large tax must be made upon the memory to gather even a few from the many who attended our Academy in hose days. Let it suffice to select a few. We shall find them from different countries, and studying with different objects in view. It forms no part of the duty assigned me to pass under review those who subsequently entered the Col- lege — this being provided for in the work appointed to other hands. We continue, therefore, our sketches, without following the order of time. The writer remembers that Silas T. Rand and the lamented Isaac Chipman were in the same class in the study of Hebrew. Mr. Eand had great aptitude in acquiring language, as appeared subsequently in his treatment of thie Micmac language, of which he made a grammar and dictionary, and into which he translated parts of the Bible and several tracts. He was for several years pastor of different churches in the Baptist body. Afterwards he became exclusively connected with' the Micmac Mission, and was supported by the several evangelical bodies that became interested in the spiritual welfare of the Indians. Ultimately Mr. Rand left the Baptists and joined the body known as Plymouth Brethren. The name of Isaac Chipman, mentioned above, awa- kens memories both pleasant and painful. Many pre- cious associations are connected with it; and at its mention, the Christian communion, the walks, preaching, and visiting along the Gaspereau Mountain come with 128 Records of Students freshness to the foreground. The nature of the work assigned the writer, however, forbids enlargement in this direction. The subject of these remarks did nothing carelessly ; the question before him must be mastered. This is well remembered by the writer, as together we studied Upham, Way land, etc., in n ntal philosophy, and Woods et alios on inspiration. After leaving the Academy, in which he had been both student and teacher, he entered Waterville, now Colby University, where he graduated. Subsequently he became professor in Acadia, wl^ich office he filled with zeal and ability until that melancholy catastrophe occurred, which deprived the College of his services, and left many hearts bleeding with sorrow. Old Blomidon's rugged promontory now* stands as a memorial to us of our loss, but of his unspeakable gain. Wellington Jackson was engaged in the christian ministry, and was considered a good preacher. Under the united labors of him and A. V. Dimock, there was an extensive revival of religion in Yarmouth. Mr. Jackson was for some time pastor of the church at Briar Island, and probably at other places. After some years spent in the ministry, he was for a time laid aside from active service by physical infirmities. Through mercy he was restored, and lived several years, occasionally preaching. From all the toils and sorrows of the pre- sent he is delivered, and now rests from his labors. Zechariah Morton was for a time a student at the Academy, and he too is employed in the gospel during the Ante-collegiate Period. 129 ministry. Most of his labors have been performed in the United States, where he still resides. J. E. Cogswell was a sincere and earnest christian man. He labored in the christian ministry in various places. The writer remembers him when he was preaching in Port Medway, where he labored for some months, and also while he was pastor of the church at Portaupique. That church was organized under his pastorate, and a good degree of success attended his labors there and in Economy. He resided some time at River Philip, at which place he died. Mu. J. Stairs was one of the students at the Academy in 1832. He has been engaged in mercantile r>ursuits, and has resided in Halifax. He is heartily in sympathy with the educational institutions of the country, and is Vice-Chancellor of the Halifax University. He has manifested hearty good will to our Academy and College, by his liberal donation since the calamitous fire. Mr. Stairs says that his father thought it best to send him to Horton, and adds, "in looking back I think he was right." Speaking of the institution he calls it " Dear Old Horton Academy." The Academy may well be proud of such a son. WiLLL\M B. C. A. Parker, son of Captain Parker, of the British Army. He chose the military service, and became a Captain in the 64th Regiment. He signalized himself as a courageous soldier and competent com- mander in the Crimean Campaign. He, with the gallint Welsford, fell at the attack on the Redan. Welsford and 130 Records of Students Parker, true sons of Nova Scotia, have their monu- ments by Provincial funds, as is meet, erected in the old St. Paul's burial ground, opposite Government House, in Halifax. James DeWolfe, son of T. A. S. DeWolfe, after leav- ing the Academy, studied medicine, graduated at Edin- burgh in 1841, and was for several years Medical Superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane in Dart- mouth, at which place he still resides. Simon Fitch, son of the late vSimon Fitch, Esq., of Horton, the life-long friend of our Institutiou, graduated at Bellevue College, New York. He practised some time in Wolfville, his native town, afterwards in St. John, N.B,, subsequently at Portland, Maine, and more recently still in New York city. He now resides in Halifax, and is among the first physicians in the Province. James E. Forman, of Halifax. Of the first public railroad constructed in Nova Scotia, Mr. Forman was chief engineer. He now resides in Glasgow, Scotland, and is consulting engineer of that pl.ice. James TyDxMarsh, of Halifax, for a long time an officer in Her Majesty's Customs in the port of Halifax, died about ten years ago. William Tydmarsh, at present residing at Ecum Secum, discharging the duty of a Magistrate, and, it is believed, very efficiently. William Rijhardson, " living at Studley in the suburbs of Halifax, will at any time come out pleasant- ly at the mention of Horton." during the Ante-collegiate Period. 131 William and James Maynaud. Those were brothers, from the Island of Nevis, British West Indies, and were sons of a retired West India planter. Tliey were both fine fellows. William is now living in Ontario, and is a gentleman-farmer. James emigrated to the United States ; was for some time paymaster on one of the great lines of railway connecting New York with the Western States. Whether he is now living, is not known to the writer. Edward P. Nutting — though admitted to the Bar, he did not practice — was for some time clerk in his father's office. C. M. Nutting also, his brother, was one of the students of the Academy; he was for along time bookkeei)er both in Halifax and Montreal, clerk also in his father's office and in the Vital Statistics office. P. 0. Hill was enrolled among the Academy students of that day. He afterwards studied law and was admitted Barrister and Attorney in 1844. He has been one of the honored sons of his native Province, having been repeatedly called to important public offices. For several years he was Provincial Secretary. He has been interested in the diffusion of education. In 1876 he introduced into the House of Assembly the Bill for the creation of the University of Halifax. Thos. S. Hill, this gentleman is in the Halifax Branch of the Bank of British North America. Thomas Ratchford — *^ Tom '^ was the Asahel of the running race, " swift of foot.'^ Often did he run with the horses of Arnison, the old coach driver, whom he 132 Records of Students would meet at the Episcopal church and run to the post office ; nor could the old stager goad his steeds faster than the young pedestrian would run. The whole race of life is, however, over, — he died young. John Greenwood belonged to Halifax. He is a farmer, living near Wolfville. James, his brother, still resides in Halifax, and has been engaged in mercantile life. George Wilmot was from St. John, his father was mayor of that city. A fellow-student says of him : " he had more pocket money and a better wardrobe than the most of us." He was a good-natured and genial young fellow. He chose a farming life, but died when young. James Reynolds, a merchant-tailor, still living in St. John. J. H. Harding, from St. John. He, like many others, experienced and professed religion while attending the Academy at Wolfville. A praying mother had wrestled in prayer for her son. Mr. Harding is the undeviating friend of our College, and is now one of its Governors. William Clark, was master of Belmont, now Judge Ritchie's place, on the banks of the Northwest Arm. He is deceased. John Lawson, sou of G. P. Lawson, died in the West Indies. John P. Mott, known by everybody who loves to quafi good chocolate and cocoa. He is a large manu- facturing merchant of Halifax. during the Ante-collegiate Period. 133 Charles S. Silver also of Halifax. He was partner iu the well-known firm of W. & C. Silver. A sad feel- ing is awakened at the mention of his name — how many hearts throb with sorrow at the remembrance of that sad catastrophe, the loss of the steamer, City of Boston ! Our Academy boy, Charles, fared as did others of that company, who so blithely left Halifax to cross the Atlantic. But the sea of life was crossed instead. Beaumont Boggs — Mr. Boggs is a manager of a col- liery in Cumberland County. One of his former school chums says : " Boggs was, and is, a good fellow." Suc- cess attend him. Boyd Kinnear, of Saint John, entered the legal pro- fession. How long he practised is not known ; he, too, has passed away. He was a good-natured young fellow, and much esteemed by his school-fellows. Thomas Hunt — His father had been an officer in the British Army, became a half-pay officer, and settled, with many others who were retired on half-pay, at Sherbrook, now New Ross. Captain Hunt lost his pay from the military by accepting a civil appointment. He was devoted to the Episcopal Church, was supposed to ride on the top of his commission of magistracy, and was very zealous of the keeping of the Sabbath. As illustrating the spirit of the times, it is related that, on one occasion, through his spy-glass, he observed a woman digging potatoes for her dinner on the Sabbath, which by oversight had been neglected on Saturday. 134 Records of Students On Monday a fine was levelled against her. "Tom" was not over scrupulous in that direction himself. l>ut he was a jovial fellow. One from whom we have already quoted says of him, " he was the life of the play ground ; laughing or fighting equally agree- able to him, his fighting not from quarrelsomeness, but merely to show his power of fisticuffs, at which he excelled." He studied law, practised a short time in Halifax ; long since deceased. Elderkins — two brothers, from Cumberland, honest- hearted fellows, peaceful and kind. One lives in or near Amherst. liOBEHT McCuLLY of Amherst was a young man of considerable parts, very studious, of correct habits, and very companionable. Mr. McCuUy entered the legal profession, lived some time in Truro, where he practised, removed to Amherst, joined the Baptist Church in that ])lace, subsequently was chosen deacon, and a few months since passed away. William Slocomb and brother, from Annapolis. Wm. became a physician. He practised some time in his profession ; he also represented the County of Lunen- burg in the old Nova Scotia Legislature. The younger brother met a sudden death while attending a Medical College in London. William Finlay from Kirkwall, Scotland, became a builder and architect, accumulated considerable wealth, and died in Truro, 1874. William H. Dill, of Truro, entered the legal profes- dui'imj the Ante'Colleglate Period. 135 sion, practised a short time in that town, left on a visit to Boston ; the vessel, it is supposed, foundered at sea, and all on hoard were lost. John I). MvjNutt, of Onslow, devoted himself to the legal profession also, and is now practising' in Truro. William U. Tkoop, of Bridgetown, hecame a harrister, and practised some time in his native town ; died several vears since. CiLViiLKS Tri'PER of Amherst — Studied medicine in Edinhurgh ; for several years he represented Cumber- land County in the Nova Scotia Legislature, became also a member of the Government of that Province, and was for several years Provincial Secretary. Since the union of the Provinces he has also represented his native county in the Dominion Parliament. The present excellent system of common school education in Nova Scotia, was inaugurated by Dr. Tupper. Though the measure met with much opposition, and he was for a time fiercely assailed on account of his connection with it, now, as the benefits of the system are witnessed, few of the original opposers would elect to return to the old state of educational affairs. Thomas Joiixson, son of Wm. Johnson, of Wolf- ville, who for a long time kept a boarding house for the Academy students. Thomas was a good student, a nd liked by his fellows. At the time the College opened he was reading Longinus. He went to Boston, and en- tered into mercantile life, but died about twelve years ago. 136 Records of Students James De Wolfe, son of William l)e Wolfe, was part- ner for many years of the late John De Wolfe, of Liver- pool, England, an extensive and well-known mercantile firm. It was the wife of the latter who presented to the College the bell whicli so often gave out its intona- tions to listening ears, but whose last mournful tones were uttered as, among the burning, falling timbers, it sank in the ruins below. Alexander James, of Annapolis, was a most genial companion, of warm attachments. He entered the legal profession and practised in Halifax. He now wears the ermine, being elevated to the Bench, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. Daniel McNeil Parker, from Walton,Hants County. After leaving the Academy he studied medicine, gra- duated M.D., L.R.C.S., at Edinburgh, 1845. Practised in Halifax, where for many years he has been reckor '=».d among the most eminent physicians in the Province He is also a member of the Legislative Council, a Gov- ernor of Acadia College, as well as the constant friend of our educational institutions, and contributor to their funds. But we come to 1838. — The necessity of enlarged facilities for acquiring knowledge was deeply felt, and had created a demand. A taste for knowledge had. been developed, more must be obtained. How shall it be provided ? How that question was solved is now matter of history; and in 1838 nineteen young men passed an examination for matriculation, and Aca- iluAng the Ante-colleghife Period, 137 dia College was launched amid hopes and fears. And now, after forty yoars struggling jind labor, what does the review disclose i It appertains not to the writer to trace her history onward. Our educational work lias been born of ditliculties, but more than a compensation has been achieved, results worthy of even greater ditU- culties have betui witnessed. From early Academy days, spiritual blessings have testitied tlie Divine approval of the schools whose foun- dations wer.3 laid in faith and prayer. These times of holy refreshing, grateful hearts cannot forget, and, look- ing along the path travelled, cannot refrain from ex- claiming : " What hath God wrought ! " As success crowned the efforts of the laborers in this department, the prejudice of our own people yielded, and they became willing contributors of their means to these educational objects. It is noteworthy, too, that as success fjllowed, so were prejudice and opposition from without awakened and increased ; for when a fiiir un- equivocal case was made out to our right to Provincial aid, which other bodies were sharing, a storm of abuse — th3 opposition shown deserves no other name — was poured upon our labor. A small part only of the his- tory of our struggles and triumphs in this respect is written. Out of the many who were in attendance during the first decade, but few have been selected in the fore- going list, but how many departments have been filled by the students of that institution ! It has not been 1 38 Records of Students r>apti.sti(\al, but cosmop »litan. Students have come fi'um many different jdaces, and have spread themselves over wide areas, and have filhnl, or are fillini^, various and important offices. We have seen in our notices that some are yeomen, cultivating the soil ; some are in the pulpits of our own and other Ian Is, of our own and other religious bodies; some, we have seen, are lawyers, some are judges in our courts, s )me are teachers, some are merchants, some mechanics and architects, some are engineers, some legislators, some military commanders, some are financiers and some are j)hysicians. And if so cosmopolitan, if so varied and wide-spread are the benetits, shall thi pittance be- stowed by the Provincial Legislature be grudgingly given ? The Baptist body in the Maritime Provinces has become a great educator. Perhaps it was the first reli- gious body in these provinces that gave expression, in a ]>ublic capacity, to the principle of the free common school system of education. This was done before the system was introduced in the Legislature, as at the Association held in Western Cornwallis in 1862 the (committee on education, reverting to the vast deficiency in the matter of education, as the then last census dis- closed the appalling fact that nearly one-fourth of the population, reckoning from five years of age, were un- able to read, reported the opinion, " that general edu- cation requires to be stimulated and nurtured by general assessment ; that as all members of society during the Ante-collegiate Period. 139 share the advantages, all should help bear the burden, equitably apportioned amcjng them.'' This report wag adopted by the Association. The pre -collegiate decade can record success ; and as often before, let us now, at this semi-centennial, de- voutly say afresh Eben Ezei\ for surely the Lord has helped us. RECORDS OF THE GRADUATES OF ACADIA COLLEGE FROM 1843 TO 1858. By Rev. S. W. DeBlois, A.M. Although we celebrate to-day the Jubilee of our Educational work, as a Denomination, in these Provinces, it will be ten years next autumn before a Jubilee of che founding of Acadia College can be held. Queen's (afterwards called Acadia) College was begun in the autumn of 1838. Much preparatory work had to be undertaken, classes formed, a course of study blocked out, so that it was June, 1843, before the first public exei'cises connected with the conferring of Degrees in Arts could be held. These exercises took place in the old Academy Hall, which was handsomely fitted up and decorated for the occasion. The wings of the College were being built, the western side partly finished, the eastern merely boarded and shingled. The great College controversy, which agitated the Province throughout its whole area, was at that time raging in its full intensity. The Hon. Joseph Howe had begun his crusade against us, and Rev. E. A. Crawley was in the field, meeting him at every point. It was a mamorable period in the history of Nova Scotia. There were men of great abilities, of undoubted political force, arrayed, and I have no doubt Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 141 conscientiously arrayed, against us. Besides Mr. Howe, there were the Youngs, L. 0. C. Doyle, Hubert Hun- tingdon, J. B. Uniacke, Sam. B. Chipman, though himself a Baptist. On the other side were the Hon. J. W. Johnston, Attorney General; Hon. E. M. Dodd, afterwards Judge Dodd ; Hon. L. M. Wilkins, now Judge Wilkins ; Hon. M. B. Almon, Hon, T. A. 8. De- Wolfe and others ; only one Baptist among them. But we say it with honor to these men, that they fought for us, for equal rights to Baptists, as well as to other denominations, as nobly as if they were of us. In the thick, then, of the conflict on the question whether Acadia College should live or die, we came to the first anniversary, A. D. 1843. The first name on the list of graduates for this year is that of J. Leander Bishop, a native of Greenwich, a mile or so to the westward of Wolfville. Dr. Bishop, as he afterwards became, was educated at Horton Academy and Acadia College. He was for a year a studeat with the late lamented Dr. Sawers, of Halifax ; subsequently he attended lectures, and received the degree of M.D., at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He prac- tised medicine for a time in Philadelphia ; but literary pursuits being more in accordance with his tastes, he was induced by a friend to compile a History of Amer- ican Manufactures, from the earliest colonial period down to 1861. In 1862, Dr. Bishop received the degree of A.M. from this University. During the late 142 Records of the Graduates of civil war in the United States he held the position of Surgeon in the renowned Pennsylvania lieserve Corps, and had many hair-breadth escapes. On one occasion his horse, from which he had just dismounted, was killed at his side by a cannon ball. At the close of the war, he became connected with the Departments at Washing- ton, and was Chief of an important Division in the Bureau of Statistics at the time of his death, Sept. 23rd, 1868. Dr. Bishop was a student till the last, and had few superiors in classical and literary attainment. J.VMKS W. Johnston — the eldest son of the late Hon. J. W. Johnston, Judge in Equity, so fully and so thoroughly identified with our Denominational struggles. James W. Johnston was admitted to the Bar of this Province in 1846, was appointed one of Her Majesty's Counsel, learned in the law, in 1871, and in 1876 was appointed to the position of County Judge, which office he still holds. Lewis Johnston — the eldest surviving son of the late Dr. Lewis Johnston, of Wolfville. He was gradu- ated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania, 1845. He lives and practises as a physician at Stellarton, Pictou County, in this Province. Amos Sharp — a native of Lower Maccan, Cumber- land Co. After he had obtained the degree of A.B., he went to Philadelphia, where he studied medicine for several years, and received the degree of M.D. in due course. On his return to the Province, Dr. Sharp com- menced practice at Hopewell, N.B., and afterwards Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 14:1 removed to Carleton, St. Julm. He was very successful as a ineilical inMctitionsr. In conse'|ueuce of severe exposure iu a fearful storm, he contracted a cold, which terminated in his death at Hampton, N.B., A|)ril lOth, 1852. Dr. Sharp's life was not a long one, but useful and successful. He did not nej^lect his highest interest, but remained f:iithful to the profession whicli he had made while studying at Wolfville. Amos Sliarj), as T remember liiui, was not only studious, but also exceed- ingly imaginative, with a keen ap[)reciation of the ludi- crous. I could wish that a poem of his C()n)j)osition, giving a humorous account of the first expedition to Blomidon under Professor (^lipman, were extant. You have thus imperfectly presented before you an account of the pioneer class. Two of them are dead and two still survive. There were other members of this class who did not pursue the full course, and whose names, therefore, are not among the graduates. 1 might speak of John Anderson, Esq., of Yarmouth, Kev. James Newcomb, of Wolfville, whose son was graduated at this University in 1870, and the Kev. Geo. Hill, D.D., Chancellor of the University of Halifax. Time would fail us, however, to enter upon a large field which would thus open before us. We pass on to consider the class of 1844. George Armstkong. — This gentleman may be noted as the composer and deliverer of the first Latin oration of Acadia College Anniversary. The old hall was 144 Records of the Graduates of filled with an admiring audience, and Mr. Armstrong ascended the platform. The professors looked wise and learned. The undergraduates looked sapient and appreciative. As the sonorous sentences rolled out, the former gravely nodded at times, and the students, at the close of some of the grand periods, thundered out their applause. But I am convinced to-day that neither students nor professors understood more than one third of what the young gentleman was saying. The subject of the oration was " Festina Lente" and Mr. Armstrong, in a certain way, may be said to have festina-lented ever since. He hastened to put on the silver locks of age, while yet his countenance gleamed with the health and vigo»* A youth. He preached the Gospel with all his might for four years, but vas not ordained till the 31st of December, 1848, at Port Medway. Subsequently he became pastor of the Laptist Church at Chester. Thence he removed to Bridgetown. He hastened slowly, but very success- fully, through that pastorate of eighteen yeard^ to enter into the responsibilities and duties, the majesty and privileges of the Fourth Estate, being now the editor of the Christian Visitor, of St. John, N.B., and wield- ing the editorial sceptre with credit to himself and the Denomination. ItiCHARD E. BuRPE. — This name has become a house- hold word throughout our provinces. Mr. Burpe was a man of a peculiarly mild and gentle spirit, united with great courage and endurance. His career in College Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 145 was remarkable for the deep interest he took in the spiritual welfare of the students in both departments. He watched for their souls. He and Mr. Hunt, of the same class, were inseparable companions and friends. Some of the former pupils may still remember the earnest appeals and loving admonitions of these two gentlemen. Mr. Burpe's destination, as you are well aware, was the Foreign field ; he was our first Foreign missionary. He sailed from Boston for Burmah, with Mrs. Burpe, a daughter of Dr. Johnston, of Wolfville, in the year 1845. His labors, though comparatively short, were not without substantial results. I have learned from missionaries who have labored in Mergui and adjacent regions, that up to a very short time ago there were converts then living, and one or two native preachers, who attributed their conversion under God to the labors of Mr. Burpe. In 1850, on account of failing health, he was compelled to jeturn to this coun- try. He labored to some extent, after his return, in the Home work of Foreign missions, and on behalf of the endowment of Acadia College ; but consumption had fastened upon him. In the autumn of 1852, he was compelled to go to Florida, to pass the winter, and there he died on the 26th of February, 1853. Samuel Elder. — A man of more than ordinary char- acter. The true spirit of poetry dwelt in him. He was also a thorough student. Distant and somewhat grave and abstracted in his ordinary intercourse; with his intimate associates he was often overflowing with 146 Records of the Graduates of ^^eniiine wit and humor. Had he lived, he would no doubt ere this have taken high rank as a poet in this Dominion. His poem on " The Expulsion of the Aca- dians" contains passages fully equal in pathos and melody to Longfellow's Evangeline. He was pastor of the Church at Fredericton for a few years, but, in 1849, his health began to give way, and in 1852 he was called from the scene of his temporal labors to enter into that rest which, with gloA^ing language and beautiful imagery, he delighted to portray while here on earth. Abraham Spurr Hunt. — This gentleman has occu- pied a somewhat prominent position in this Province. He was ordained at Dartmouth, Nov. 10th, 1844, where he labored successfully for a short time. He then came to Canard, Cornwallis, as assistant to the venerable Edward Manning. After the death of this aged father in the gospel, Mr. Hunt became sole pastor of the First Cornwallis Church, which then com- prised the districts included now in the First, Fifth and Sixth Churches. It was an extensive and arduous field, a thickly settled tract of country, a large and somewhat scattered Church. For twenty years he labored assiduously, visiting, preaching, directing and overseeing. As Secretary also of the Nova Scotia Baptist Educa- tion Society, and a Governor of Acadia College, he was prominent in denominational matters. In 1866, he was prostrated with a dangerous disease^ from which it Acadia College from 1843 to 1858 147 seemed impossible that he could recover, but his strong constitution enabled him to rally. Still he felt that he could not again enter upon the labors of past years, and undergo the weight of responsibility, which he had previously borne. In 18G8 he returned to Dart- mouth, the scene of his former labors. In the year 1870 he accepted the position of Superintendent of Educa- tion for this Province. In this office, on account of its political connections, he was exposed to much adverse criticism, and narrowly watched in every move- ment ; and this portion of his life must have been to him a period of great anxiety and intense mental strain. His constitution, materially affected by the attack of 18G6, at last gave way under this additional pressure, and in October last he was called away. He died in great peace and comfort of soul. William F. Stubbert — was ordained in this pro- vince, but shortly afterwards removed to the I nited States. He was pastor for some years of the Baptist Church at Maiden, Mass. He afterward removed to Elizabethtow^n, N.J., in which State he at present resides. He received the degree of D.D. from this University in 1870. George Robbins Wilby — was a versatile genius ; he had a quick comprehension, varied parts, and an aptitude for acquiring knowledge. He could construe a page of Juvenal, or Sophocles, almost by merely glancing over it. The Calculus was no bugbear to him, and the toughest problem of metaphysics or politica- 148 Records of the Graduates of economy gave him little difficulty. He went to Calcutta two years after he was graduated, became assistant editor of the Friend of India, a newspaper of the very highest character, and while filling this position with ability and influence he was called away, about the year 1868. This name completes the record of the class of 1844. We pass on to the class of 1845. William Almon Johnston — the second son of the late Judge in Equity. He also embraced the legal profession. He w^as called to the Bar of Nova Scotia in 1849, and to the Inner Temple, London, Eng., 1853. He was appointed one of Her Majesty's Counsel, learned in the law, in 1870. This gentleman has been engaged in political life, both in this Province and in Prince Edward Island. Samuel Kichardson — one of the earliest students of Horton Academy. He was graduated at Newton Theo- logical Institution, in 1854, and was ordained pastor of a church in New England. Afterwards, he returned to the Provinces, and was pastor of the church in Clements for several years. For a short time previous to his death, which occurred in 1869, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits in St. John, N.B., but preaching as opportunity offered. Mr. Eichardson was a man of considerable mental power. In 1844, Mr. John H. Crosskill, Queen^s Prin- ter, Editor of the Halifax Morning Post, offered a prize Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 149 of ten guineas for the best essay on the history, indus- trial resources, and capabilities of Nova Scotia. For this prize, Mr. Kichardson was the successful competi- tor. In this production, the Confederate Union of the Provinces, the Intercolonial Railway, with its Branch to St. John, N.B., and other projects, which have now become matters of history, were strongly advocated. Jamks Whitman — a lawyer, son of the late John Whitman, Esq., of Halifax. He has led somewhat of a roving life ; possesses considerable literary ability, and has been somewhat conspicuous of late years in his advocacy of Whitehaven as the Atlantic Terminus of the Intercolonial Railway. We come now to the class generally known as the " Illustrious. '' As iEneas said to Dido : " The greater part of which I have been," so I may say : The greater part of which I have seen. 1846. Edward Anderson — a native o^ Prince Edward Island. He was graduated at Newton, A.D., 1849. This gentleman has been useful and honored in his work, but he has always been possessed with a spirit of migration. It would be a labor, indeed, to trace him in his various wanderings. At first he wanted to be a Foreign Missionary in Burmah, and entered into nego- tiations with our Foreign Missionary Board, but owing to some diversity of opinion, he was not sent out. Then he went West, became president of Kalamazoo College, Mich., and obtained the degree of D.D. 150 Records of the Graduates of Then he resumed the direct work of preaching, became pastor successively in Medford, Mass. ; Mar- quette, Canada ; Liverpool, N.S. ; Bradford, Mass. ; Port- land, Oregon ; and probably a dozen other places. Where he has pitched his moving tent, at the present time^ this deponent knoweth not. AsAHEL Bill — eldest* son of the Rev. I. E. Bill. He was a young man of more than ordinary promise. His graduating essay on the fall of Petra carried the whole audience with him. His genial, loving nature, with a fund of innocent mirthfulness, greatly endeared him to his class-mates, and in fact, to all the students. Our hearts were sorely stricken when we learned that our friend and brother was prostrate with an incurable disease, which, fourteen months after his graduation, ter- minated in his death. Stephen W. de Blois. — It may not be out of place to say that Mr. de Blois studied Law in Halifax for three years ; taught in Horton Academy and Acadia College other two years ; was graduated at Newton in 1853; was ordained at Chester, in 1854; became pas- tor of the first Horton Church, Wolfville, in December, 1855, where he still remains. Lewis Johnston. — He obtained his Medical Degree at Edinburgh in 1850 ; followed his profession at Block House Mines, C.B., where he still resides. James S. Morse — a merchant and magistrate in Wolfville. He was a teacher for some years, then steward of Acadia College, and what can I more say ? Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 151 He is of us and amonf'st us. His manlv form lui.s been conspicuous for many years as tlie Marshal of our anniversary processions, and his name figures not ignobly on all our subscription lists. The year 1847 was not fruitful in (]^aduates. I believe where there are no prisoners to be tried, the judges hold what is termed a maiden assize, and are presented with a pair of white kid gloves, respectively. So it ought to have been in 1847. Some have said that the intense mental strain in preparing the class of 1846, the ^* Illustripus," for honors, was so great as to incapa- citate the Faculty for further exertions for a year or so. We pass on then to 1848. Harris 0. McLatchy. — He studied medicine with Dr. Harding, of Windsor, and Dr. Brown, of Wolfville. He was graduated an M.D. at New York, in 1854, and has practised in Wolfville ever since. Whether owing to this fact, or to the salubrious nature of the climate, Wolfville is a remarkably healthy place. John Moser — graduated at Newton in 1853. He did not, however, engage in the work of the ministry to any great extent, but has followed, with great assiduity, the profession of a teacher in various places in this Province, and in New Brunswick. 1849. This class was a small one, but it is noted for the fact that, from 1843 to 1877, it is the only class of which not one member survives. 152 Records of the Graduates of Arthur R. R. Crawley. — Mr. Crawley leaves a noble record. He was graduated at Newton, in 1852. In the autumn of 1853, he was ordained at Wolfville. In December of the same year, with his wife, another daughter of the late Dr. Johnston, he sailed for Bur- mah. He settled down at Henthadah, in the midst of a thickly-settled heathen population, and labored with unparalleled success for nearly twenty-three years. Twice he returned for short periods to this country, the first time to bring his family home, the second, on account of his own failing health. He died October 9th, 1876, on his way home, just as the steamer was entering the Mersey, and was interred in the Birkenhead Cemetery the following week. Arthur Crawley was universally beloved. Of commanding presence and great dignity of appearance, he was the kindest, the most transpar- ently sincere of men. Henry Thomas Crawley — the elder brother of our departed Missionary. He also was a man of great physical presence, and of undoubted mental ability. He studied law in Halifax for some years, and after- wards in Harvard University. Subsequently he became a professor in a Literary Institution at Cincinnati, Ohio. He was assassinated in the streets of that city in the year 1855, while endeavoring to protect some ladies from the abuse of a gang of rowdies. Elisha Budd DeMille. — This gentleman obtained the degree of M.A. from Brown University, R.I. He afterwards studied at Newton two years. He was Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 153 ordained at Amherst, in the autumn of 1853. Subse- quently he removed to St. John, N.B. He labored for a time at Marsh Bridge, and was mainly instrumental in the organization of the Leinster Street Church, of which he became the first pastor. A keen and polished writer, an able and successful preacher, he stood high in the Denomination, but he was called away at a com- paratively early age. He died in St. John in 18G3. 1850. Thomas W. Crawley — graduated at Newton in 1854. He was ordained at Chester, May 14th, 1856. Afterwards he became pastor of the 3rdBii]>tist Church, Horton. During the illness of Mr. DeMille, he sup- plied the Leinster Street Church, St. John. He was also pastor of the churches in Amenia, N.Y., and Bea- ding, Mass. At present he is pastor at St. Andrews, KB. David Freeman — graduated at Newton, 1853, after- wards studied at Rochester, N.Y., one year. He was ordained at Halifax, August 1st, 1855. He has been an agent for the College, and for the Home Missionary Union. He w^as also pastor of the church at Canning, Cornwallis. He is at present engaged in the success- ful organization of a church at New Glasgow, Pictou County. 1851. Henry W. Johnston. — This gentleman was gradu- ated A.M. at Brown University, in 1854. He was admitted to the Bar of Nova Scotia in 1860, and he is 154 Records of the Graduates of at present Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries for this Province. From 1851 to 1854 there were no graduates. In the autumn of 1850. Rev. John Pryn, D.L\, having resigned the Presidency of the College, lie v. J. M. Cramp, D.D., was appointed to fill the vacancy thus caused. A movement for an endowment was projected. In 1852 occurred the terrible catastrophe, by which the institution was deprived of the services of Professor Chipman. Three at least of those students who were overtaken by this calamity would have graduated in 1853. 1854. Thomas A. Higgins — ordained at Liverpool, KS., in 1857. He remained at Liverpool till 1861, when he was appointed Principal of Horton Collegiate Academy. In 1874 he resigned this important post to take charge of a new interest at Annapolis Royal, which, under his supervision, has grown to be a healthy and vigorous church. 1855. Alfhed Chipman — son of . the venerable William Chipman, of Cornwallis. He taught in this College for a year. After having been graduated at Newton, he was ordained at River Philip, Cumberland County, November 16, 1862, and is now pastor of the church at Bedeque, P.E.I. Isaac Judson Skinner. — Mr. Skinner labored for a time as agent of the Nova Scotia Baptist Home Mission Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 155 Society. He was ordained at Port Med way, September 13th, 1855. He was afterwards pastor of the church at Bridge water, and has been for many years pastor of the church in Chester. IsALVH Wallace — is at present the agent for the new endowment of the College. Mr. Wallace has alsn labored for the Home Missionary Union, and has hehl successful pastorates of several of our churches. He has probably baptized more converts than any other minister of his age in this Province. He was ordained at Scotchtown, N.B., April 3rd, 1856. Daniel M. Welton — was ordained at Windsor, September 3rd, 1857. He remained in charge of the Windsor Church, ti^ June, 1874, when he was appointed Professor of the department of Systematic Theology in this University. In 1876 he went to Germany to study, and is now on his way to return. 1856. William G. Johnston — a son of the late Dr. John- ston, of Wolfville. He obtained the degree of M.D. at Philadelphia, in 1858. He practised for a time at Sackville, N.B., and died in 1860. Thomas R. Patillo. — This gentleman was for several years Principal of the Academy at Liverpool, N.S., but is now engaged in commercial business. Robert R. Philip — was ordained at Margaree, C.B., October 12th, 1856. He was also at Port Med way, Hantsport, and other places. He subse- quently held the office of School Inspector for Hants 156 Records of the Graduates of County, for several years. Within a year or two, however, he has unfortunately been deprived of sight, but is enabled to preach from time to time with much acceptance. 1857. Robert D. Porter. — Mr. Porter has just completed a successful agency in New Brunswick in behalf of the College Endowment Fund, He was ordained at Dart- mouth, September 19th, 1857. He engaged in Home Mission work for a short period. Afterwards he went to Newton, taking the full course of study there. He then became pastor of the church at Milton, Queen's County ; then at Lockeport ; then at Milltown, Me., where he remained until a short tiqje before he under- took the endowment agency. This name terminates the task assigned me for this day. The list I have gone over comprises a period of fifteen years, and the names of thirty-five persons. Twenty-three of these are still living. Twelve have finished their work. Nineteen have been and are ministers of the Gospel, six physicians, five lawyers, two school masters, three editors, two merchants. I ought to apologize to this audience for claiming their attention on this occasion, but the matter was forced upon me. There can be no doubt but that some hearts have been disappointed to-day. Instead of the usual band of young, bright and cheerful budding A.B.'s, with their blushing honors thick upon them, we Ai boys, with our grey heads and bronzed faces, have had Acadia College from 1843 to 1858. 157 our unexpected " innings." On my own behalf, as one of them, I would thank you for your kind attention. At the Centennial of Acadia College, in a grand and stately hall, far exceeding this in architectural propor- tions and magnificence of outline, with a telephonic power of utterance as yet only dimly dawning upon us, the three or four old boys, who are the youngsters of to-day, will descant to our grand-daughters and great- grand-daughters upon the graduates of 1878 as the heroes of a past generation ; and our names will then, perhaps, have been rolled away into oblivion. But Acadia College will still survive, her motto always true : '* Even from the dust we conquer.'^ RECORDS OF GRADUATES FROM 1858 TO 1865. By B. H. Eaton, Esq., A.M. 1858. Charles H. Corey. — He was a diligent and thorough student, and a devoted and outspoken Christian. He was impulsive and forward in every good work, always taking his part in a prayer-meeting or debating club. He was irrepressible, and just such a man as would never be likely to allow himself to be overcome by defeat, but who would make his way where other men would fail. He has made a record such as might well have been predicted, and one of which any graduate of any College might well be proud. I give such facts as I have at hand : Born in Queen's County, ITew Brunswick, in 1834 ; baptised in 1852 ; studied at Fredericton Baptist Seminary and Horton Academy ; entered Acadia in 1854 ; took B.A. in 1858 ; graduated from Newton Theological Seminary in 1861 ; ordained pastor of the First Baptist Church at Seabrook, N.H., September, 18th, 1861 ; entered the service of the United States Christian Commission in 1864, serving until the close of the war, in 1865 ; entered the service of the Ameri- can Baptist Home Mission in the same year, laboring in South Carolina two years ; filled the office of Presi- Graduates from 1858 to 1865. 159 dent of the Augusta (Georgia) Institute for one year, and in 1868 became President of the Richmond Insti- tute and Professor of Theology and Biblical Interpreta- tion, which high position he has continued to fill till the present time. Mr. Corey's life has been an active one. His labors have been abundant, unremitting and useful. They are the fulfilment of the great promise which his intensely active student li^e gave. George G. Sanderson. — Bom at Yarmouth, brought up to mercantile pursuits, Sanderson is one of the very few graduates of Acadia who have not chosen one of the learned professions. After making a good record as a student, he returned to the business of buy- ing and selling and getting gain, which he has since carried on, until recently, when he was called to take the chief management of an insurance association in his native town. Edward Manning Saunders. — Whether it was liis age or his stature, or whether, like many young men, his boyhood had early given way to more sober and mature thoughts, Mr. Saunders always seemed like an elder among his classmates. That he was a thorough, weU-balanced, diligent and persevering student needs ^ not to be stated except to those who did not personally witness his career at College. His twenty years of abundant and useful labor in the christian ministry afford ample evidence of his thorough training as a student and of his intellectual ability. Ordained the same year he graduated, he became pastor of the Ber- 160 Records of Graduates wick Church and so continued till 1867, when he was called to the pastorate of the Granville Street Church at Halifax, where he still remains. Mr. Saunders is one of the Governors of Acadia and a Senator of the University of Halifax. His theological studies were carried on for some time in the United States after he had taken his first degi'ee at Horton. Mr. Saunders is a zealous denominationalist and thoroughly versed in and tenacious of the peculiar doctrines of the Baptists, but is not a bigot or controversialist. He is a doctor in theology, though without any degree to that effect. Henry Vaughan. — How amiable, how companion- able, how sincere, how Christlike was Henry Vaughan. He was one of the few who are willing to know no- thing save Christ and him crucified. As a winner of souls, as a preacher of the Gospel of reconciliation, he bid fair to attain to great excellence. But alas for the brevity and uncertainty of life, he was called away after only six years of ministerial labor. He was ordained at St. George, in his r.^ tive Province of New Brunswick, in 1862, and beca:.::' pastor of the Germain Street Church, St. John, ia 1863, where he continued till his death in 1864. He first professed faith in Jesus in 1855, and began to preach immediately after taking his degree. In 1862 he graduated at Newton. Simon Vaughan. — Here is another instance, remark- able for its rarity, of a graduate of Acadia devoting himself to mercantile pursuits ; but such were his sur- roundings in early life, such his aptness for business, Acadia College from 1858 to 18G5. 161 that he fell naturally into this line of life and has pros- pered in it, as the College financially knows. Located at one of the chief ct-ntres of commerce, Liverpool, Great Britain, and dealing in ships and all that concerns the!n, he has field enough for the active and trained intellect which he possesses. At College, Simon was a gonial, jolly, good fellow, and knew how to make a violin talk. He was not ambitious to score high as a student, but possessed the ability to do so. Act^uisi- tion of knowledge was easy to him. RoBKUT Lynton Weatheube. — Prone to criticism and discussion and questioning on a)^ things, it was apparent enough that his choice of the legal profession had been rightly made. For the first }»art of his Col- lege course inclined to scoff at religion, he subse(|uently professed conversion, was baptized and united with the Baptist Church at Wolfville, from which, however, his membership was never transferred. For some time after graduating he taught classes in the Academy, after which he studied law with Hon. J. W. Johnston, at Halifax, afterward Eijuity Judge of the Supreme Court, and was admitted to the Bar in 18G3. He soon became one of the leading lawyers of the Province, be- ing concerned in most of the important cases before the Courts. Having joined the party opposed to the con- federation of the Provinces, he was appointed law clerk in 1868, and held the office for several years. In 1878, after a successful practice of his profession, he was appointed a Puisnd Judge of the Supreme Court, bei^g 162 Records of Graduates of the only graduate of Acadia >vlio has obtained this position. 1859. This class was a very large one at its matriculation, but death and other eliminators had reduced it to a quadrangle. First on the list is Andkew DeWolf Barss, who was born in Hali- fax, early instructed at the Academy, and matriculated while still very young. On graduating he began his j>rofessional studies at Edinburgh and became M.D. Edin., in 18G4, and for several years afterwards prac- tised at Wolfville, but has more recently devoted him- self chiefly to the affairs of a branch bank. He is the treasurer of the College. BuENTON Halliburton Eaton. — After taking his degree began the study of the law, which he pursued continuously (except during one year, when he turned aside to perform the duties of classical tutor at the College) until 1864, when he was admitted to the bar, and has ever since i»ractised at Halifax. He is one of the College Governors. Daniel Francis Hicjgins. — But for the fact that he had stepped aside for a year to teach a school, Mr. Iliggins would probably have graduated with the class of '58, for he belonged to it at the outset. He was, however, worthy to be reckoned among those of *59. It will quite suffice to indicate the character of his training and his intellect to say that the College author- ities could not let him go after giving him his degree, Acadia College from 1858 to 18G5. 163 but retained him first as mathematical tutor and sub- sequently as professor, and he has filled the chair of mathematics at Acadia for many years with great ability. He has also for several years l>een one of the Provincial Kxamiuers under the Common School Law and one of the Senators of the University of Halifax. DuGALD Thomson. — Had arrived at mature age be- fore entering College, and after making a fair record he went forth as an instructor in the High Scliool at St. Stei)hens, N.B., in which town he afterwards did busi- ness as a merchant, till his decease in 1874. He was of a most genial disposition, and universally beloved by his classmates and fellow students. He was one of those whom years do not make old. He was always full of the life and fun of a boy. He was baptized and united with the Church at Wolfville. 1860. I come now to probably the most brilliant class that ever took tie [>rescribed course at Acadia, the class of 1860. Of course there are lesser lights among them. That might be expected. But there are so many of the number who have risen above the ordinary level, so many who are worthy to adorn the highest positions in their respective spheres, that I am justified in thus singling out this class as I have done. I only regret that I have not the time, the space, the materials to do it justice. There is Silas Alward. — One of the most persevering, inde- 164 Records of Graduates of fatigable, attentive students who ever attended College. Of strong ithysical frame, with great aptitude for study, a gooin(^. Rand. — On graduating became assistant teacher in Hf>rton Academv, but at the close of 18G0 was appointed to the chair of Classics in the Provincial Normal School, of which the late Dr. For- rester was then Princi[»al. On the passage of the Frte School Act in 1864, Mr. Kaud was ap|»ointed superin- tendent of education for Nova Scotia. He filleil the office faithfully and with marked ability till his removal 1G8 Records of Graduates of therefrom by a subsequent Government in 1870. iJuring the succeeding year he made a tour of luigland, Scotland and Ireland, visiting the best schools in those countries, and studying their educational systems. Upon his return in Sej»ttmber, 1871, he was ap]ointed chief sujierintendent of education in New Biunswick, and immediately entered uj)on the work of inaugurat- ing the Free School System in that Province under the Common School Act of 1871. lie still holds the same position, residing at Fredericton, where the ollices of the de]., after- wards pastor of the First Baj>tist church at Burlington, Iowa, and now editor of the Christian Visitor, St. John, N.B. Joseph F. Kemptox. — -Early committreaching while still at College, and was ordained at New Minas, Septeml)er IGth, 18G3, and a few years subsequently succeeded Ilev. A. S. Hunt as pastor of the Bai>tist Church at Canard, Cornwallis. 172 Records of Graduates. A good Theologian, devout and abundant in labors — one of the Governors of the College. J. Mkluolknk Pakkek. — Ordained at Springfield, October 5th, 1865, and has since been constantly engaged in the Ministry ; at present pastor of the churci at Clenientsport, Annapolis County. Enoch J. Stkonach.— A native of Annapolis County, after graduating commenced business as a merchant at Nictaux. 1863. Israel Allison Blair. — A diligent and persevering student; after graduating taught school for several years, afterwards entered the medical profession and began practising in Boston, Mass. Edwin David King. — Son of John King, Esq., of Truro ; admitted to the Bar, December, 1867 ; practises at Halifax ; for several years secretary of the Alumni Association. 1864 Harris Harding Bligii. — A native of Cornwallis admitted to the Bar November 2nd, 1868 ; practises at Halifax. Edward Manning Cunningham Rand. — Son of Eev. Silas T. Eand of llantsport ; engaged in school teaching for several years after graduating, and now engaged in manufacturing in the United States. RECORDS OF GRADUATED IX TUE YEARS 1865 AND 1866. By Herbert C. Creed, A.M. Our College days! What varied recolloction.s tho words bring crowding upon one's mind, — recollections full of mingled j)leasure and regret ! We can well rememl)er the sadness that dimmed our vision and beclouded our bright hopes, as we bade a fond farewell to dear old Acadia and the friends with whom we had held sweet communion, to enter upon the conflict of life in " the outside world." What changes time has brought since then ! How differently we have learned to look at life, and men, and ourselves ! The task assigned to me of preparing biographical sketches of some of the men who were my fellow- students sixteen years ago, while it is in some respects a pleasant one, is at the same time not one to be greatly coveted. There is danger of saying too much or too little, and thus giving unintentional ott'ence, especially if one ventures to express opinions or to portray character. These risks I sliall avoid as far as possible, and endeavor to present a plain, unadorned recital of facts, craving indulgence in so far as it fails to do justice either to the gentlemen mentioned or to our Alma Mater, whose praise we celebrate. The subject of this paper is the classes of 1805 and 1 806 of the former of which the writer was himself a meiul)er. It seems fitting to preface these personal narratives 74 Records of Graduates of of the double Jive 0/ '65 and the six of '60 by record- ing something of the history of those classes as such, and some facts of interest in reh^tion to the period when they were in residence on " the Hill." The matriculates of 1861 were twenty in number, the largest class ever enrolled in the College record up to that time. There were ten who took the full course, and graduated in 1865. In addition to these there were Simeon Kemp- ton, of Milton, Queen's Co., who continued with us three years, and who has since been doing good service as a teacher ; Samuel Fisk, of Wolfville and J. Hibbert Laugille, of New Germany, who removed from the l*ruvince after two years of College life ; Allen Minard, of Milton, Queen's Co., who also was with us until ^he end of the so])homore year, and who died much lamented in 1865; and Samuel 13ell, of St. John, N.B., who discontinued his collegiate studies (at Acadia) before the expiration of two months; also the four following who did not return after matriculation, — Enoch P. Dimock of Kawdon, since deceased, — Isaiah Shaw, of Berwick, Alfred Starratt, of Bridge water, and Chas. A. Webber, of Sackville, N.S.* • Certai J curious tliougli uiiimiK)rtuiit lacU connected with the ten first named may well be mentioned liere. The names may be arranged in pairs or in fives by initials, as follows : — 1. Andrews. 1. Archibald. 2. Boggs. 2. Blackadar. 3. Creed. . 3. Corning. 4. Macvane. 4. Murray. 5. Steele. 5. Shaw. Of the ten graduates, five graduated with Honors ; the others Acadia College from 18G5 to 1867. 175 The niatriciiliites uf 18G2 wore hs follows: — Albert J. Hill, of Sydney, C.H., Thomas S. McLean, of Bras d'Or, C.B., Leaiuler S. Morse, of Nietaiix, James F. Morton, of Wilmot, and Cleorge E. Tufts of New Albany, — who, with Obadiah K. Cox, of Canning', N.S., were the graduates of 18GG; also John Coombs, of Halifax, Marcus Dodd, of Sydney, C.B., Charles F. Myers, of Guysboro, and f'dward J. Parker, of Liver- pool, Nvliose College life ceased with their freshman year ; also A. Porter Freeman, of ^lilton. Queen's Co., who removed to the United States after matriculation. Mr. Cox entered the class in the second year, and took the remainder of the course. These were some of the men of our djiy. Let us now recall some of the events of the time, — taking them up mainly in chroiKjlogical order. It was in August, 18G0, when many of those just named were pre})aring for College, that the " Mutual Im})rovement Associati(m of lIoit(m Academy" was organized, — a society whicli did good work in its own si)here for some years, and which even vied with the "Acadia Athemeum " in maintaining a course of public lectures. Among the first ollicers of the Association were Starratt and Dimock and lilackadar and Steele and Creed. Under the auspices of this Society a gentleman who has since held the highest educational confine*! tljcMnst'lves to the regular course of ptudy ; five became preachers, and five tbllowed secular purhuits; five carne from the East and five from the West ; five occupied rooms \a one end of the Collejse and five in the other. 176 Records of Graduates of positions in more than one Province of the Dominion delivered his first public lecture; and the writer of this sketch, as President of the Association, then for the first time occupied the chair at a public meeting. This was in the "Academy Hail," in tlie winter of l.SGO-1. The lecture was quaintly entitled, '• Ouj^ht Women to learn the Alphabet ? " being a plea for the higher- education of the gentler sex, — made in view of the establishment of the Ladies' Seminary at Wolfville. It was in 18G0 that the noble game of cricket was introduced, or at least revived, by the " boys " of our set in th.e Academy, to continue as a part of the life of the students down to the present time. The ground was first cleared of bushes and partially levelled in October of that year; and at a later date, jKTmission was sought and obtained from the Governors of the College to improve the ground, and to use it without molestation for the purpose of playing cricket. There was no cricket prize in our time ; nor indeed was it then deemed necessary to stimulate industry and reward merit by i)rizes in any department. Success and — marks were our only reward. At the beginning of those days there was no Ladies' Seminary in Wolfville ; but very soon, in January, 1861, the girls began to flit about at " the (jlreat House in the village " and by and by to make their appear- ance on the Hill, for the purpose of attending classes in French, Mathematics and other branches. Those were days of romance, — of trembling hearts, — of sunny Acadia College from 1865 to 1867. 177 smiles, — of high hopes, — of youthful fancies 1 Hajipy days ! Let our poets tell of them, not the prosaic Secre- tary. Early in 1861 a literary periodical was started in the Academy and Seminary, which may be regarded as the ancestor of the " Acadia Athen.neum." It was at first circulated in manuscrii)t, like its more dignified predecessor a few years earlier, — the " Words fn)m the Mustapha's Chamber;" and its uneuphonious title was "The Academy Budget." With various changes, and some improvements, it continued to exist for some five years or more. Its first editors were Steele and Creed. Another notable event of the year 1861 was the removal of the old cracked bell, which had for some years given forth its melancholy clangor from the College belfry, and the substitution of the larger one that waked the echoes of Hnrton and Cornwallis durin«r the succeeding sixteen years, and fell with the ruins of the College on the lamentable 2nd of Deceml)er. That bell first sounded from the cupola on the 22nd of Noveml)er, 1861 ; and the -Academy bell was hung on the following day. The four years of our College life (referring now to the class of *65) are notable in the world's history, for they were the years of the great Civil War in the United States. They are also marked in the history of Acadia College as the four years of Professor James DeMill's occupancy of the Classical Cbair. Many of the students of those days will remember the 178 Records of Graduates of «ntbusiasiia with which we listened to his eloquent and scholarly inaugural oration, the admirable character of the instruction received in his class-room, and the ardor for classical study with which he inspired us. With our freshman year began also the professional career of our respected mathematical instructor, D. F. Higgins, A.M. Another member of the present Faculty was also raised to the dignity of Professor in our time — I refer of course to Professor Jones, who was appointed in September, 1863, to the Chair of Khetoric and Metaphysics, made vacant by the retirement of Dr. Pryor. An important innovation in the internal work of the College was the introduction of studies, additional to the regular course, for those students of first-class standing who desired to undertake the extra work prescribed, and thus gain " Honor Certificates/* For several years the only Honor Course was in the Greek and Latin Classics, and this was commenced in January, 1863. Of my class five read the additional classics required in 1863, '64 and '65, — namely Macvane, Steele, Boggs, Andrews and Creed ; and the last-named individual happened to be the first student who received from the President (Dr. Cramp) an Honor Certificate, when they were given for the first time, at the Anniversary in June, 1864. Messrs. Morse and Morton, of the class of '*i6 were the first who took the complete Honor Coui in Classics, extending over three years and a haK. ^ -v ^ Acadia College from 1865 to 1867. 179 Among the events worthy to be recorded in the history of the College, and in which we were pro- minent actors, are two or three others, a brief mention of which will close this part of my sketch : The first was the addition of Dr. Cramp's portrait to those of the " fathers " which then adorned the walls of the College library. Wishing to give tangible expression to their respect for the venerab e President the students, in their associated capacity as members of the " Acadia Athenaeum," obtained the Doctor's consent to have his portrait painted. After some diffi- culty, and the rejection of the first attempt, an excellent picture was at length obtained, the work of Mr. T. C. Doane of Montreal. The expenses were defrayed by contributions from the undergraduates and from many graduates who had studied under Dr. Cramp's instruc- tion, as well as from others who generously assisted. The portrait was suspended in its place, by A. J. Hill and H. C. Creed, on the 10th of September, 1864. One of the objects of interest on the College Hill was the flag-staff, seventy feet high, from which for many years, on the Queen's Birthday and on Anniver- sary Day, the flag of England floated to the breeze. This staff was obtained and set up through the exer- tions of the students, on the 23rd of May, 1865 ; and at noon on the 24th the Royal Standard (presented by H. N. Paint, Esq.) was hoisted to the masthead by Dr. Cramp, with the assistance of Silas Macvane. It was in 1864 that the College reading-room was 180 Records of Graduates oj originated, under the management of the officers of the " Athenaeum." At the request of the students, two rooms on the ground floor (west end) were given up for the purpose, which were converted into one, and fitted up with desks, tables, etc. A good supply of news- papers and magazines was always to be found in the room. The last to be mentioned here, and perhaps the most important of the memorable events of our College life, are the religious revivals of 1861 and 1865. The history of these and other such " times of refreshing " will no doubt be written by a more competent hand than mine. They can be no more than mentioned in this paper. Among those who made a public profession of conversion, and were baptized during the revival of 1865 were six of the seniors and juniors of that year. That was a season never to be forgotten; It is time now to proceed to the biographical sketches which were to form the principal part of this paper. These must necessarily be mere outlines, and some of them very imperfect, owing to the absence of materials at the present time. 1865. Charles P. Andrews, the one medical man of these classes, obtained the degree of M.D. at Harvard University in 1869, and has since then been engaged in the practice of his profession in the counties of Lunenburg and Queen's. His present residence is Acadia College from 1865 to 1867. 181 Caledonia, Queen's County. In 1874 he was ap- pointed Inspector of Schools for that County. E. N. Archibald, now pastor of the 1st Ragged Islands Church, Shelburne Co., had been employed as a school-teacher before coming to Wolfville, and rendered valuable service as assistant teacher in Horton Academy during a part of his collegiate course. His chosen work, howevei was to preach the gospel ; and it was his practice, like other students preparing for the ministry, to preach as opportunity offered, and to spend his vacation in Home Missionary labor. Not long after his graduation, he took charge of the Church at North River, P.E.I., where he was ordained as pastor in January, 1866. His first pastorate con- tinued for five years, during a portion of which time he also had the care of the churches at Alexandra and Tryon. In 1870 he removed to the State of Illinois, where he labored as pastor of a Baptist Church for about three years. Returning to Nova Scotia, he entered the employ of the N. S. Baptist Home Mission Union, and took up his abode in the town of Shelburne. There he spent three years as pastor of the church, and in 1876 he removed to his present field of labor. His ministry has everywhere been greatly blessed, and numbers have been added to the churches through his instrumentality. T. A. Blackadar has been for the past eight years pastor of the Baptist church at Harvey, Albert Co., K.B. He was ordained at Parrsboro in September 182 Records of Graduates of 1865. His second pastorate, of two or three years* duration, was at Great Village, Londonderry. His third was at Pugwash, whence he removed to his pre- sent location in 1870. No less than 187 persons have been baptized by him, the greater number of them since his removal to Harvey. W. B. BoGGS, our missionary to Siam and India, was ordained at Sydney, C. B., in September, 1865, as co- pastor with the late Rev. George Richardson. He resigned his pastoral charge at Sydney in June, 1870 ; and subsequently supplied the pulpit of the Granville Street Church, Halifax, for about four months. Early in 1871 he became pastor of the church in Portland, St. John. During his residence there, Mr. Boggs rendered good service to the denomination as a member of the Foreign Mission Board, and especially as Secretary to the Board in 1873-4. He was also one of the Secretaries of the Convention for three years in succession. In June 1874, he obtained the degree of M. A. from Acadia Col- lege. In the autumn of that year, his long-cherished de- sires were fulfilled by his appointment as a Foreign Mis- sionary. After spending six months in Siam (chiefly at Bankok) and six months at Cocanada in the Telugu land, he was compelled by ill health to return home in the early part of 1876. Longing to resume his chosen work, he expects to go back to India as soon as practicable. Thomas Corking, after graduating, studied law at Yarmouth and Halifax, and in due course was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1869. He has devoted himself Acadia College from 1855 to 1867. 183 honestly and unostentatiously to the duties of his pro- fession, thereby gaining a reputation as a trustworthy legal adviser*. He still practises at Yarmouth. Herbert C. Creed, at present instructor in Mathe- matics, Industrial Drawing, etc., in the Provincial Nor- mal School at Fredericton, New Brunswick, has been more or less engaged in teaching for nearly eighteen years. For four years, beginning August, 1860, he was teacher of French in Horton Academy and the Ladies' Seminary at Wolfville, while pursuing his academic and collegiate studies. Returning to Wolfville after the close of his college course, he was employed for some mouths in instructing a variety of classes in the Academy and Seminary, chiefly supplying the place of the respective Principals in their absence. In October, 1865, he was appointed head master of the County Academy at Sydney, C.B. This position he resigned in June, 1869,— at which time he received his second degree at Acadia. The next three years were spent in Yarmouth, N.S., as Principal of the Seminary there. In October, 1872, Mr. Creed accepted the Principalship of the English High School at Fredericton, N.B., and resigned it at the close of 1873, in order to take his present situation. He was one of the College examiners appointed by the Associated Alumni in 1871 ; and per- formed the duties of examiner for some of the College classes in Classics, Mathematics and Chemistry in 1873, 1874 and 1875. In 1874 he was secretary of the Baptist Convention, and prepared the denominational 184 Records of Graduates of " Year Book " in the form which has since been sub- stantially followed, with some improvements. Silas Macvane was employed as clerk in the Edu- cation Office at Halifax for about four years and a half, ending in May, 1870. He then visited Europe, spend- ing some time in England and Scotland, Italy and France, and studying at Berlin for nearly a year. Early in 1872, he entered the Junior Class at Harvard Uni- versity, where he received the degree of B. A. in 1873. Shortly afterwards he was appointed sub-master in the Eoxbury Latin School, which place he held for two years, and then resigned in order to return to Cambridge. Since that time he has held the position of instructor in History and Politiciil Economy at Harvard College. Joseph Murray, who is at the present time pastor of the Baptist Church at Summerside, P.E.I, was ordained at Guyboro at October, 1865. His pastorate there continued till 1868, after which we find him at Pugwash for a time. Next he was pastor of the Hants- port Church until 1874, and from 1875 to the present time he has been reported as at Summerside. Mr. Murray received the degree of M. A. in June, 1872. Seth D. Shaw, after graduating, studied law at Charlottetown, P.E.I., but was compeLed by failing health to remove to the more favorable climate of Nevada, U. S. The hopes of his friends were disap- pointed, however, and his health did not return. He died, far from home, in 186 . Acadia College from 1865 to 1867. 185 D. A. Steele has made so few changes of abode, and devoted himself so undeviatingly to the high duties of his calling, that his record will occupy but little space here. Having been ordained to the Christian ministry at Wolfville a fortnight after he graduated, he went at once to Canso, where he labored as pastor until Decem- ber, 1870, when he accepted an invitation to the pastor- ate of the Church at Amherst. This post of usefulness he has occupied for more than ten years. In 1868, Mr. Steele took the degree of M. A. in course. In 1871 he was chosen by the Baptist Convention to be a mem- ber of the Foreign Missionary Board, in which office he has been continued till the present time. He is also one of the Commissioners of Public Schools for the County of Cumberland. 1866. O. E. Cox, soon after the close of his course at Acadia, went to the Theological Institution at Newton, Mass., where he studied for one year. He has been a resident in the United States since that time. From the valu- able " List of Graduates " published by B. H. Eaton, M.A., in 1876, it appears that Mr. Cox was ordained over the West Yarmouth Church in December, 1867 ; was afterwards pastor of a church at West Amesbury Mass. ; then of the Second Baptist Church in New Bedford, Mass. ; and next of a church in Brooklyn, N.Y. Albert J. Hill is a civil engineer. He had been employed as a surveyor before he came to Wolfville in 1861. In his third year in College he took charge of 186 Records of Graduates of the French classes in the Academy and the Ladies' Seminary, upon the retirement of the writer. After his graduation he was engaged as assistant teacher in those Institutions, continuing to give instruction in French. He also had o^-irgr*. of the Academy Boarding House for a time. In •) , 1868, Mr. Hill removed with his family to St. •joan, N.B., and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been actively engaged during the past ten years, espe- cially as a railroad engineer. He assisted in the location of the railway from McAdam junction to the Penobscot, and on surveys for the Intercolonial Kailway in the Miramichi district ; superintended surveys and location of Lines at Truro, at River Philip, in Cape Breton I County (where he constructed the Louisburg Railway,) on the Springhill Branch line, and on the Acadia Mines Branch. He was manager of the Lor way and Emery Collieries for two years, and of the Cumberland Colliery for over one year. He has been since employed by the Dominion Government on the Geological Survey, and by the Government of Nova Scotia as Crown Land Surveyor. Mr. HilFs name is not unknown in the scientific world, having been honorably mentioned by Dr. Dawson in his " Acadian Geology," in connection with several valuable contributions to geological know- ledge. Dr. Dawson has named after him a new De- capod Crustacean of the Carboniferous Period, recently discovered (Anthracopalcemon Hillianum). Mr. Hill received his second degree from Acadia College in 1869. Acadia College from 1865 to 18G7. 187 Thomas S. McLean has been engaged in the teach- ing profession in his native County of Victoria, C.B. He was for many years head master of the County Academy at Baddeck ; and for some years past has been Inspector of Schools for the County. Recently he has entered the political arena as a candidate for the Local Legislature, to represent the County of Victoria. Leander S. Morse graduated at the head of his class. He was admitted a barrister and attorney -at- law in 1870, when he gained a first-class certiticate. He has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession at Bridgetown, N.S. He holds the appoint- ment of master in the Supreme Court ; and is also Inspector of Schools for Annapolis County, N.S., to which office he was appointed in 1871. James F. Morton was one of the " theologues '' or ministerial students of our time, and, like the rest, attended Dr. Cramp's classes in Homiletics, Pastoral Duties, Exegesis, etc., preaching also from time to time in the neighborhood of Wolfville, and, during vacations, in other places. He afterwards took the theological course at Newton Centre, and was ordained at Little- ton, Mass. No further particulars of his career have been obtained, except that he is now Professor of Classics at the New London Literary and Scientific Institute, New Hampshire. The last on the list (alphabetically) is George E. Tufts, who was for many years a successful teacher in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. He was for a time 188 Records of Graduates, Assistant Principal of the Baptist Seminary at Frederic- ton, and subsequently Principal of the High School at Milltown, St. Stephen. Having, however, determined to give his life to the Christian ministry, he studied at the Newton Institution, and graduated there last year. He is now settled in promising circumstances, as pastor of the Baptist Church at West Water ville, Maine. If we classify these graduates professionally, we shall find that the pulpit claims just one half of them, five have followed the teaching profession, three are lawyers, while the medical profession and that of civil engineering claim one each. My sketch, which has grown far beyond its intended limits, must no*/ be concluded. Perhaps some who hear these pages read will think of the Black Eiver Excursions, the maying parties, the " Wednesday even- ings," the expeditions to Blomidon and the camping out on the summit, the damming of the road-side brook, the bonfires and illuminations, the cricket matches, the debates, the mock trials, and the era of Responsible Government in the Acadia Athenaeum. What were we then ? What are we now ? What shall we be ? RECORDS OF GRADUATES SUBSEQUENT TO 1866. Bt Albert Coldwell, A.M. The record of the remaining graduates must neces- sarily be brief. After the retirement of the Rev. Dr. Pryor from the chair of English, the Alumni Associa- tion decided to devote their income to " annual prizes for the better encouragement of education in connection with Acadia College." The prizes to be competed for by the students were four class-prizes of twenty dollars each, to be given to the best scholar in the senior, junior, sophomore and freshman classes respectively, an elocution prize of twenty dollars for the best elocu- tionist of the year, the monthly essay prize of twenty- five dollars for the best series of essays by any under- graduate, and the Alumni essay prize of forty dollars for the best original essay on a selected theme. In addition to these, there was a cricket prize of twenty dollars and a gold medal for proficiency in the higher mathematics, donated by Edward Young, Esq., superintendent of the Bureau of Statistics, Washington, D.C., and a former pupil of Horton Academy. This medal was given annually until 1878. These prizes were first awarded in June, 1867, and from this date the obtaining of these honorary distinc- tions forms an important item in undergraduate his- tory. . 190 Records of Graduates of The Class of 1867. WiLBERT D. DiMOCK, of Truro, N.S. — Mr. Dimock was Principal for seven years, after graduating, of the High School, North Sydney, C.B. Since that he has filled the position of Head Master of the Model School, Truro. Wallace Graham, Antigonish, N.S. — Mr. Graham, after graduating, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in December, IST."* , He practises in Halifax. J. W. Manning, Bridgewater, N.S. — Mr. Manning took honors in Classics in his junior and senior years, and won the senior scholarship prize on graduating. He was ordained at Port Hawkesbury, C.B., March 31st, 1868, and graduated at Newton in 1872. His first pastorate was at St. Stephen, N.B., whence he removed in 1875 to Halifax, to become pastor of the North Baptist Church. This position he still holds. Jonathan F. Parsons, Liverpool, N.S. — Mr. Parsons took honors in Literature, and was the first winner of the Alumni essay prize. His subject was " The claims of the Natural Sciences." . After graduating he entered the teaching profession, and was for several years inspector of schools for the county of Halifax. He afterwards studied law, and is now practising his profession in the city of Halifax. He has also been for some years Grand Scribe of the Order of Sons of Temperance for Nova Scotia. Acadia College subsequent to 1866, 191 1868. Daniel Eaton, Corawallis, N.S. — Mr. Eaton took honors in Classics in his senior year. After graduating, ho went to Boston to attend the Commercial College, and died there on the 11th of August. Lewis Hunt, Cornwallis, N.S. — Mr. Hunt, after graduating, studied Medicine at McGill College, Mont- real, where he received the degree of M.D. He prac- tised in Hahfax for a short time, but after further pur- suing his professional studies at Edinburgh, he settled in Sheffield, England, where he now resides. He is a son of the late Rev. A. S. Hunt, graduate of 1844. James W. Johnson, Wolfville, N.S. — After graduat- ing, Mr. Johnson studied law at Harvard, where he received the degree of LL.B. He was admitted to the bar in Nova Scotia in December, 1874, and practised his profession in Bridgewater and Hahfax. He now resides in Omaha. W. A. D. Mackinlay, North River, P.E.I. — Mr. Mackinlay took honors in Literature in his freshman year, in Classics in his junior year, and in his senior year in Classics, Mathematics and Literature. He also won the monthly essay prize and the Alumni essay prize. After graduating, he spent several years in Minnesota and Colorado in quest of health. During the summer of 1879, he spent some months in Peters- burgh, Va., and in November of that year removed to Bridgetown, N.S., where he died November 11th, 1879, 192 Records of Oraduates at the residence of his brother-in-law, the Rev. W. H. Warren. Herbert C. Messenger, Falmouth, N.S. — Mr. Messenger took honors in Literature in his senior year. After graduating, he studied law at Windsor for a time, but was compelled by failing health to go South, where he died in the winter of 1870.^ John McDonald, Uigg, P.E.I. — Mr. McDonald took honors in Classics and English every year of his course. He also won the junior and senior class-prizes. After graduating, he returned to the Island, and was ordained there in June, 1869. A few months later he went West for his health ; and was settled over a church in Fremont, Nebraska, for two years. He also preached in Greeley, Colorado, for a time, but exposure brought on a decline, which resulted in his death in Nebraska, June 15th, 1874. Hector E, Munroe, Onslow, N.S. — Mr. Munroe had the Christian Ministry in view, but failing health prevented his entering upon his chosen life-work. He died at his home in June, 1869. Edmund Crawley Spinney, Wilmot, N.S. — Mr. Spinney took honors in Classics every year of his course, and in another subject during his freshman and senior years. He was ordained at Mira, C.B., in November, 1868, and was for some years pastor of a Church at Pella, Iowa. He afterward took the theological course at Newton, and is m 7 settled over the Second Baptist Church, Concord, N.H. Acadia College siihsequent to 1866. 193 J. Freeman Tufts, New Albany, N.S. — Mr. Tufts took honors in Classics in his junior and senior years. After graduating, he taught one year in Horton Academy. He subsequently pursued his studies at Harvard University, entering there in September, 18119, and gi^aduating in June, 1872. He remained two years longer at the University, filling the office of Proc- tor and taking the post-gradaate course leading to the degree of A.M., which he received in 1874. After graduating at Harvard, he was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Mr. Tufts returned to Wolfville in August, 1874, to become Principal of Horton Collegiate Academy and Professor of History in Acadia College. This position Professor Tufts still fills. John W. Wallace, Wolfville, N.S.— Mr. Wallace, after graduating, entered the teaching profession, and became principal of the Liverpool Academy. He held this position for five years, and was also head-master of the Guysborough Academy two years. He studied law, and was admitted to the Bar in December, 1876. He practises his profession at Wolfville. 1869. Albert Coldwell, Gaspereau, Kings County, N.S. — Mr. Coldwell took honors during his course in Clas; ics and in his senior year took in addition hoiiors in Mathematics and Philosophy. He won the monthly essay prize and the Alumni essay prize, and several ^ M 194 Records of Graduates of years after graduating was adjudged the Vaughan prize of £20 sterling for the best History of Acadia College. He took the second degree in 1872. Since 1870 he has been instructor in Mathematics in Horton Collegiate Academy. C. R. Daniels, Bridgetown, ]^ S. — Mr. Daniels took honors during his course in Classics and, in addition, took honors in History in his freshman year, in Litera- ture in his junior year, and in Mathematics in his senior year. After graduating he studied law at Bridgetown, but was induced by fxiling health to seek a milder climate. He spent the winter of 1871 in Nassau, N.P., but afterwards settled in Minnesota and became business manager of the Farmers' Union. He came to Boston in the spring of 1874, returned to Nova Scotia in October, 1875, and died January 26th, 1877. J. J. Hunt, Canard, Kings County, N.S. — Mr. Hunt took honors in his senior year in Classics and Philo- sophy After graduating he studied law and was admitted to the bar, in December, 1872. He practises in Halifax. Joseph Jones, Fredericton, N.B. — Mr. Jones took honors in his senior year in Classics, Chemistry and Philoso^:^liy, and won half the senior class prize. After graduating he was ordained pastor over the Baptist Church at Digby. He subsequently preached at Liverpool, whence he removed to Wolfville. He is at present an agent for Life Insurance. Acadia College subsequent fo 1866. 195 Neil McLeod, Uigg, P.E.I. — Mr. McLeod took honors during his course in Classics and English and in addition, in his senior year in Mathematics. He won the sophomore and junior class prizes and half of the senior prize. He was admitted to the Bar at Charlotte- town, in 1874, and practises his profession in that town. He received his second degree in 1872. He now holds the office of Provincial Secretary and Trea- surer of Prince Edward Island. C. F. Meyers, Manchester, KS. — After graduating Mr. Meyers took the theological course at Newton, was ordained at North Reading, Mass., but, after two other pastorates, withdrew from the Ministry. EuFUS Sanford, Cornwallis, N.S. — Mr. Sanford took honors during his course in Classics and English. He graduated at Newton, and received his second degree in 1873. He was ordained in August of this year and was sent by the Convention as a Missionary to India. He labors among the Telegoos. 1870. Egbert M. Chesley, Bridgetown, N.S. — Mr. Chesley won the class prizes during his junior and senior years. After graduating he taught several years, being ac one time principal of the Liverpool Academy. He studied two years at Harvard University, graduating there in 1878, and is at present one of the teachers in the Boston Latin School. 196 Records of Graduates of William H. Newcomb, Wolfville, N.S. — Mr. Xew- conib took the Elocution prize for three years in succes- sion. After graduating, he taught for two years and then studied Theology at Newton, graduating from that Institution 1875. He was ordained over the Baptist Church at Hallowell, Me., and remained there till his removal to South Berwick, Me., in which place he is now pastor. 1871. This class consisted of twelve members. They all took honors in Natural Science during their senior year, and subsequently exhibited their interest in this department by engaging to raise a fund for the purchase of a telescope for the College. J. W. Bancroft, Eound Hill, Annapolis County, N.S. — Mr. Bancroft graduated at Newton, and was ordained at Windsor, April, 1875. He was afterwards pastor of the Weymouth Church, but is at present pastor of the Church at North Sydney, C.B. W. B. Beadshaw, Centre ville, P.E.I. — Mr. Brad- shaw was ordained at North Eiver, P.E.I., July, 1872, and for three years was pastor of the Baptist Church at Argyle. Subsequently he removed to Virginia, and became pastor of Byrne Street Church, Petersburgh. Atwood Cohoon, Port Medway, N.S. — Mr. Cohoon took honors in his freshman and sophomore years, in Classics and English, and in his junior and senior years in Philosophy. He also won the Elocution prize. He was ordained at Paradise in July, 1872, and is at pre- Acadia College subsequent to 1866. 197 sent pastor of the Hebron Baptist Church and Corres- ponding Secretary of the Home Mission Board of the Maritime Provinces. He took his second degree in 1876. J. W. LoNGLEY, Paradise, N.S. — Mr. Longley took honors in Philosophy in his senior year. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in December, 1875, and practises his profession in Halifax. He is also editor of the Acadian Recorder. He obtained his second degi-ee in 1877. C. H. Masters, St. John, N.B. — Mr. Masters took honors in Classics in his senior year. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1876, and practises in St. John, N.B. He took his second degree in 1876. J. B. Mills, Granville Ferry, N.S. — Mr. Mills took honors in Classics in his senior year. He also won the cricket prize. He studied law at Harvard, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1875, and practises his profession at Annapolis. He took his second degree in 1877. H. E. Morrow, St. Peters Bay, P.E.I. — Mr. Morrow was ordained over the Baptist Church, at Sackville, N.S., in November, 1871. He afterwards graduated at Newton, and is now settled as a foreign missionary at Tavoy, Burmah, under the direction of the American Board. S. J. Neily, Wilmot, N.S, — Mr. Neily took honors in Ehetoric in his sophomore year, and also won the elocution prize. He took his second degree in 1876. 198 Records of Graduates of In 1871 he was ordained at North Sydney, C.B., whence he removed to Cannir g, N.S., where he preached for several years. He died at Tremont, N.S., August 12th, 1878. J. B. Oakes, New Albany, N.S. — Mr. Oakes took honors in Classics in his senior year, and also won the Alumni essay prize. After graduating he taught for a time the High School at Hantsport, and subsequently became principal of the Academy at Newcastle, N.B. He has been recently appointed one of the inspectors of the schools in that Province. William A. Spinney, Wilmot, N.S. — Mr. Spinney took honors in English in his freshman and sophomore years, and in Classics in the freshman year. He was Principal for some years of the High School at Ames- bury, Mass., subsequently entering Harvard Univer- sity, where he graduated in 1878. He is at present Principal of the High School at Newton ville, Mass. J. E. Stubbert, Little Bras d'Or, C.B. — After leav- ing College, Mr. Stubbert took a course in Theology at Newton, graduating from that Institution. He was ordained at Suffield, Conn., and still continues as pastor of the Baptist Church in that town. W. H. Warren, North Eiver, P.E.I. — Mr. Warren took honors in English and Classics in his freshman year, and in philosophy in his junior year. He won the monthly essay prize twice, and also the junior class prize. He was ordained at Cavendish, P.E.I. , and was Acadia College subsequent to 1866, 199 for about five years prator of the Temple Baptist Church, Yarmouth, and Corresponding Secretary of the Home Missionary Board. He is now settled over the Baptist Church at Bridgetown. Rtceived the degree of A.M. in 1874. 1872. William L. Barss, Wolfville, N.S. — After graduat- ing, Mr. Barss studied law at Harvard University where he received the degree of LL.B., in June, 1876. He was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar in December, 1876, and practises in Halifax. Seymour E. Gourley, Brookfield, N.S. — Mr. Gourley won the Alumni Essay Prize. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in July, 1874. Practises at Truro. W. M. McViCAR, Port Med way, Queen's County, N.S. — Mr. McVicar took honors in Classics throughout his course and, in addition, in Natural Science in his junior year. He also won the junior class prize. A^ter graduating he engaged in teaching, and was head-mas- ter of the Liverpool Academy from 1874 to 1877. Re- ceived his second degree in 1876. R. G. MuNRO, Clarence, N.S. — Mr. Munro studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. He resides in Digby. L. M. Smith, Dartmouth, N.S. — Mr. Smith is en- gaged in commercial pursuits in Halifax, and is a mem- ber of the firm of A. & W. Smith. 200 Records oj Graduates of 1873. Humphrey Bishop, Greenwich, Kings County, N.S. — Mr. Bishop is engaged in trade and resides at Green- wich. J. F. Covey, Indian Harbor. — Mr. Covey won the elocution prize in his senior year. He received his second degree in 1878. After graduating he took charge of a school in St. George, N.B., and is at present principal of the High School at St. Andrews. J. A. DUKKEE, Yarmouth, N.S. — Mr. Durkee was ordained at Milton, Queen's County, in October, 1874. He afterwards studied at Newton Theological Institu- tion and became pastor of the Baptist church in Para- dise, N.S., and afterwards in Guelph, Ont. He took his second degree in 1877. A. J. Eaton, Granville, N.S. — Mr. Eaton took honors in his freshman year in Mather latics and in his junior and senior years in Classics. In May, 1874, he became principal of Guysborough Academy, remaining there till the autumn of 1874, when he entered Harvard, graduating therefrom in 1876. He was principal of Amherst Academy for a time, and. after wards studied a year at Leipzic, Germany. Took his second degree in 1878. F. H. Eaton, Kentville, N.S.— Mr. Eaton took honors in his freshman and junior years in Classics. During the summer of 1873 he was principal of Shel- burne Academy, but in the autumn he went to Har- t\ Acddla College suhmqiient to 1806. 201 varcl, and graduated from that University in 1875. For two years subsequently he was teacher of English and Greek in Horton Academy and Curator of the I»oy.s' Dormitory. He afterwards returned to Harvard for a post-graduate course. Took his second degree in 1870. G. 0. Gates, Wilmot, N.S. — Mr. Gates took honors in Mathematics and Natural Science in his freshman year and in Classics in his junior year. He also won the sophomore and junior class prize and the Edward Young Gold Medal. He was ordained pastor of the Live^ool Baptist Church, where he has had a successful pastorate. Took his second degree in 1877. J. B. Hall, LawTencetown, N.S. — Mr. Hall taught in Wolfville one year, and subsequently in Lawrence- town. In September, 1874, he entered Boston Univer- sity, winning there the degree of Ph.D. Dr. Hall sub- sequently founded a High School at Lawrencetown. He took his second degree in 1877. H. W. Kand, Canning, N.S. — Mr. Eand took honors throughout his course. After graduating he taught for a year in New Brunswick, and subsequently studied medicine in New York. He afterwards re- ceived the appointment of house-surgeon to the Brook- lyn City Hospital in a competitive examination. At present practising in New York. Took his second degree i:^ 1877. . J. H. EoBBiNS, Yarmouth, N.S. — Mr. Kobbins was ordained pastor of the Baptist Church, at South Kaw- don in August, 1873. He was afterwards settled over ,s 202 Records of Graduates of the churches at Cambridge, Cornwallis and Ilillsburgh, Digby County, and w as for one year agent of the Home Missionary Union. At present, pastor of the church at Pine Grove, Annapolis County. I. It. Skinner, Cornwallis, N.S. — Mr. Skinner was ordained pastor of the Baptist Church at Andover, N.B., in July, 1876. He is at present settled over the church at River Philip, Cumberland County. G. W. Thomas, Cornwallis, N.S. — Mr. Thomas was ordained over the Baptist Church at Canso, N.S., in May, 1874. He afterwards graduated at Newton, and is at present pastor of a church in Massachusetts. T. H. Thomas, Wolfville, N.S.—Mr. Thomas won the cricket prize in 1871. After graduating he taught at Port Haw^kesbury, and subsequently has taught at Tusket. 1874. S. McCuLLY Black, Amhv^rst, N.S. — Mr. Black took honors in Mathematics in his freshman year. He won two prizes, the monthly essay and alumni essay prize. He subsequently studied at HaT^'ard College, graduat- ing therefrom in June, 1876. After studying one year at Newton ho was ordained pastor of the Baptist Church at Berwick in the autumn of 1877. G. F. CuRRiE, Fredericton, N.B. — Mr. Currie won the monthly essay prize twice during his course. Shortly after graduating he wae ordained over the Baptist Church at Andover, N.B. About a year later he was Acadia College subsequent to 1866. 203 sent by the Foreign Missionpry Board of Ontario and Quebec as a Missionary to Cocanada, India, where he is at present located. James I. Dewolf, Wolfville, N.S.— Mr. Dewolf won the junior class prize. Immediately after graduating he took charge of the Baptist Church at I^igg, P.KL, where he was ordained in December, 1874. With the exception of one year spent at Newton, he rer^ained pastor of tliis church till June, 1878, when he resigned, and in the following September settled at Milton, Queen's County, N.8. John C. Spurk, Nictaux, N.S. — Mr. Spurr, after graduating, taught one year in Ilorton Colle^'iate Academy. He subsequently took the course at Newton, graduating from there in 1878. 1875. How^ARD Barss, Wolfville, N.S. — Mr. Barss is a commission-merchant in Liverpool, Great Britain. G. E. Good, W^ookstock, N.B. — Mr. Good took the course at Newton, graduating therefrom in 1878. He settled at Sackville, N.B. Took his second degree in 1878. I. M. LoNGLEY, Paradise, N.S. — Mr. Longlev took honors in his freshman year in Natural Science and in his sophomore year in Classics. Since graduating he has been engaged in teaching. W. G. Parsons, Kingston, N.S. — Mr. Parsons took honors in his freshman year in Natural Science and His- 204 Records of Graduates of tory, in his sophomore year in Xatural Science and Ma- thematics, and in his junior year in Classics. He won the freshman class prize, the so})homore class j)rize, the junior class prize, the elocution prize, the monthly essay prize and the Young Gold Medal. He has been engaged in teaching since graduating. Benjamin Hand, Canning, N.S. — Mr. Eand took honors in the freshman and sophomore years in Classics. He spent one year abroad and then went to Harvard, whence he graduated in 1878, in the first division. A. J. Stevens, Gaspereau, Kings County, N.S. — Mr. Stevens settled at Kentville immediately after graduat- ing, and was ordained pastor of the Baptist Church in that place October 13th, 1875. He went to Newton in the autumn of 1876, and, after spending two years there, took charge of the church at Fredericton, N.B. 1876. Maynard G. Brown, Wilmot, N.S. — After gradu- p.ting Mr. Brown accepted a call from the Baptist church at Ellershouse, where he was ordained in July, 1876. Frederick D. Crawley, Wolfville, N.S. — Mr. Crawley was ordained over the Baptist church at Pleas- antville, Lunenburgh Co., N.S., in September, 1876. About a year after he accepted an invitation to labor in the church in Sydney, C.B. E. W. Kelly, Collina, N.B. — Mr. Kelly won the freshman class prize and the Young Gold Medal. After Acadia College subsequent to 1866. 205 graduating he preached for a year in Windsor, being ordained there June 22, 187C. In the autumn of 1877 he went to Newton Theological Institution. C. H. Martell, Cow Ba>, C.B. — Mr. Martell gra- duated from Newton Theological Seminary in 1878. He settled at Onslow immediately after, and was ordained in September of the same year. J. 0. Iifc:Di)EN, Windsor, N.S. — Mr. Eedden has suf- fered from ill-health since graduating, being most of the time laid by from active woik. lie is at j)resent preaching at South llawdon, Hants Co., N.S. W. H. EoBiNSON, Kingston, N.S.-^Mr. Eobinson took honors in Classics in his freshman year, and won the freshman and sophomore class prizes together with the Young Gold Medal. After gi'aduating he preached at Canso for a year, studied at Newton for a year, and subsequently taught for a year at Horton Academy. D. H. Simpson, Cavendish, P.E.I. — After graduating Mr. Simpson went to Montague, P.E.I. , to preach, and was ordained there in October. 1877. Joshua Goodwin, St. John, N.B. — Mr. Goodw^in won the monthly essay prize. After graduating he preached for a year at Shelburne, but failing health compelled him to seek a change of employment. He is at present cashier in a bank at Lockport, N.S. , . - 206 Records of Graduates. Bernard P. Shafner, Nictaux, KS. — Mr. Shafner, after graduating, taught one year in Horton Collegiate Academy. After the term closed he went to Yarmouth to preach to the Milton church during the vacation. Here he sickened and died, July 28th, 1878. 1878. R. H. Bishop, Greenwich, Kings Co., N.S. — Mr. Bishop accepted a call from the church at Stewiacke, Colchester Co., and was ordained there. Trueman Bishop, Greenwich, Kings Co., N.S. — Mr. Bishop accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church at Try on, P.E.I., and was ordained there. E. Pryor Coldwell, Gaspereau, N.S. — Mr. Cold- well has been since graduating in the employ of the Home Missionary Board at Argyle and Pubnico. A. J. Faulkner, Lower Horton, N.S. — Mr. Faulkner is at Drew Theological Seminary, preparing for the Methodist ministry. B. W. LocKHART, Lockhartville, N.S. — Mr. Lockhart won the monthly essay prize. After graduating he engaged to supply the church at Lockport, N.S., for a year, with a view of then continuing his theological studies. M. R TuTTLE, Annapolis, N.S. — Mr. Tattle has been teaching in Cumberland Co. since graduating. He won the class prize for his junior and senior year. WiLLARD 0. Wright, Hopewell Cape, N.B. — Mr. Wright won the Young Gold Medal. After graduating he became a teacher at Hillsboro', N.B. GRADUATES OF ACADIA COLLEGE. 1843-1878. BACHELORS OF ARTS. 1843. •John L. Bishop, James W. Jolintton, Lewis Johnston, *Ainos Sharp. 1844. George Armstrong, *RichardE. Burpee, *Sanuiel Elder, •Abraham S. Hunt, WiHiam F. Stubbert, •George Bobbins Wilby. 1845. William Almon Johnston, •Samuel Richardson, James Whitman. 1846. Edward Anderson, •AsahelBill, Stephen W. DeBlois, Lewis Johnston, James S. Morse. 1848. Harris O. McLatchey, John Moser. 1849. •Arthur R. R. Crawley, •Henry Thomas Crawley, ♦EHsha Budd DeMill. 1850. Thomas William Crawley, David Freeman. 1851. Henry Johnston. 1854. Thomas A. Higgins. 1855. Alfred Chipman, I.^aac J. Skinner, Isaiah Wallace, Daniel M.Welton. 1856. •William Johnston, Thomas R. Pattillo, Robert R. Philp. 1857. Robert D. Porter. 1858. Charles H. Corey, George G. Sanderson, Edward M. Saunders, •Henry Vaughan, Simon Vaugnan, Robert L. Weatherbe. 1859. Andrew D. Bar&s, Brenton H. Eaton, Daniel F. Higgins, •Dugald Thomson. 1860. Silas Allward, William Chase, Alfred H. DeMill, •Charles F. Hartt, Edward Hickson, •Andrew P. Jones, Robert V. Jones, John Y. Payzant, Theodore H. Rand, James E. Wells, William N. Wickwire. ^Deceased. • M 208 Graduates of Acadia College. 1861. William H. Porter. 1862. Amapa Fiske, James D. Fitch, Augustus Freeman, Maynard P. Freeman, *Ciiarle8 E. Harris, John E. P. Hopper, Joseph F. Kempton, S. Bradford Kempton, J. Melbourne Parker, Enoch I. Stronach. 1863. Israel A. Blair, Edwin D. King. 1864. H. Harding Bligh, Edward M. C. Rand. 1865. Charles T. Andrews, Eliakim N. Archibald, Thomas A. Blaokadar, William B. Boggs, Thomas E. Corning, Herbert C. Creed, Silas McVane, Joseph Murra/, *Seth D. Shaw, D, Allan Steele. 1866. Obadiah E. Cox, Albert J. Hill, Thomas S. McLean, Leander S. Morse, James F. Morton, George E. Tufts. 1867. Wilbert D. Dimock, Wallace N. Graham, James W. Manning, J. F. L. Parsons. 1868. *Daniel Eaton, Lewis Hunt, James W. Johnston, •William A. Mackinlay, *John McDonald, •Herbert C. Messenger, •Hector E. Munro, Edward C. Suinney, John F. Tufts, John Wallace. 1869. Albert Coldwell, •Caswell R. Daniels, Johnston Hunt, Joseph Junes, Neil McLeod, Charles F. Myers, Rufus Sand ford. 1870. Egbert M. Chesley, William H. Newcomb. 1871. James W. Bancroft. Willianj B. Bradshaw, Atwoai Cohoon, J. Wilberforce Longley, Charles H. Masters, J. B.Mills, Horatio E. Morrow, •Johnston Neily, Ingram B. Oakes, William A. Spinney, John R. Stubbert, William H. Warren. 1872. William L. Barse, Seymour Gourley, W. Mortimer Mc Vicar, Robert G. Munro, L. Mortimer Smith. 1873. Humphrey Bishop, James F. Covey, Jacob A. Durkee, Adoniram J. Eaton, Frank H. Eaton, George O. Gates, ♦Deceased. Graduates of Acadia College. 209 James B. Hall, Henry W. Rami, Joseph H. Kobbins, Isaac R. Skinner, George W. Thomas, Theodore H. Thomas. 1S74. Samuel McC Black, George F. Currie, James I. DeWolfi?, John C. Spurr. 1875. Howard Barss, George E. Good, Israel M. Longley, William G. Parsons, Benjamin Rand, *Adoniram J . Stevens, 1876. Maynard G. Brown, Frederic D. Crawley, Elias W. Kellev, J. Otis Redden, William H. Robinson, Douglass H. Simpson, Charles H. Martell. 1877. Joshua Goo!'tion nloney. Eighty pupils would average the present expense of teachers, and the Boarding House, leaving, however, incidental expenditures for repairs, &c., still un])rovi(led for. Your Committee sincerely hope, that this interesting Academy, inferior they feel assured to none in the country, and capable of meeting all its present requirements in regard to educa- tion, will continue to enjoy the patronage of the Legislature. At the same time, however, they feel that it is highly important that the friends of the institution should be roused to that tone of feeling that will prompt them to sustain it in every emergency. The Legislature of Nova Scotia has seemed to say to the Baptist denomination in the Province, " Manifest a correct feel- ing and proper zeal for the education of your portion of the population, and we will not be backward to aid you." They have been true to their promise. Will not our people be prompt now to redouble their exertions ? Your Committee, as the officers of a Society formed for the ex- press promotion of education, feel themselves, both by duty and inclination, warmly interested for the general interests of public instruction ; and they hope to see 'primary schools as well as Academies, throughout the country, well maintained ; but, at the same ♦^''me, feel it important to press the necessity of maintaining efficient higher schools in order to the real improvement and increase of those for earlier instruction. To establish good pri- Appendix A-^Beport foi^ 1832. 231 raary scHooIh, there must be pood teachers; and these must bt made in the liigher S'^minaiies. Hence tlie necessity of the latter being suitably endowed, and education there set at as low a rate as can be done withcjut deteriorating its character. Your Committee are impressed with tl»e fact, that a large body of well trained teachers, in the earlier departments of instruction, ii greatly needed throughout the country ; that the native youth are the most proper candidates for these offices ; and that to them, therefore, the means of adequate instructi(m ought to be rendered perfectly accessible. Your Committee strongly deprecate the notion that any person who iiapi>cns to have a little smattering of school knowledge is therefore competent to instruct children- The business of instruction is a science ; one of no mean order ; and for which the mind ought to be well and expressly trained. Unless the Preceptors in the higher schools be men of judgment and skill, and in their own system preserve a constant regard to the preparation of the minds of their pupils as the future instructors of others, they hardly will send forth many teachers who will do them credit, or benefit the public. Your Committee feel it but just to say, that in tliis point of view, as well as others, they entertain the highest confidence in the preceptors of the Horton Academy. For the purpose of promoting the interests of the Academy, 5'our Committee would respectfully suggest to the members and friends of the Society the expediency of exerting themselves to increase tlie numbers of its pupils, as well as to augment th« amount of its income. Your Committee have as yet been unable to devise any method by means of which the annual subscriptions might be regularly received, and they pray the aid of the Society in promoting some efficient mode of collecting these, as well as of enlarging the list of subscribers. The speedy erection of a suitable house for boarding and lodg- ing the scholars on the premises belonging to your Society, your Committee feel to be an object demanding diligent attention ; and they beg to urge on the Society the propriety of taking imme- 232 Appendix A-^Report foi^ 1832. diate measures to obtain the necessary funds. To tliis specific object, they are happy to state, about £20 have been subscribed in Windsor and Rawdon. They likewise feel it their duty to state that a moderate set of apparatus, for illustrating physical science, is an appendage almost indispensable to a school of the character of that at Horton, and which they hope its benefactors will not long suffer it to want. And it is their earnest desire, that the attention of the Society being steadily kept on the rate of advance made by the wants of the Com- munity, they will be always ready to increase the number of instructors, so soon as the condition of the country may demand it, and thus fulfil your Society's prospectus, which declares it to be your object to keep even pace with the public requirements. APPENDIX TO THE REPORT. Note. Auxiliary Societies have been formed in Cornwallis, Onslow and Truro, Annapolis, Yarmouth, Chester, and St. John, N.B. The Committee hope to be favored with a more particular account of their oflBcers and meetings ; and, in the meantime, beg to encourage them in their good work. ^" The present Society will continue to meet with the Nova Scotia Baptist Association. Prospectus of the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society. 1. That a Society be formed, to be called the Nova Scotia Baptise Education Society. 2. That all persons paying an annual subscription of twenty shillings and upwards, or making a donation of ten pounds or upwards, shall be Members of the Society. 3. That the funds of the Society will be appropriated to two main objects : first to establish a suitable Seminary of learning ; Appendix to the Report. 233 and secondly, to afford pecuniary assistance to indijjent young men called to preach the Gospel, for the purpose of enabling them to obtain instruction. 4. That a general meeting of the Society be held annually. 5. That there be appointed a President, two Vice-Presidents, two Secretaries, and a Treasurer, a Board of Directors, and a Committee of Management, to be chosen by the Board of Direc- tors. 7. That of the Board of Directors, ten, at least, shall be ordained Baptist Ministers, and two-thirds of the whole number, at least, regular members of Baptist Churches, in connection with the Nova Scotia Baptist Association. 8. That the Committee of Management shall consist of, at least, seven, and not more than twelve, Members ; of whom more than half shall be regular Members of Baptist Churches, in con- nection with the Nova Scotia Baptist Association. 9. That the Board of Directors shall hold, at least, one meeting every year, to consult on the affairs of the Society, ascertain and report its state and progress, review the proceedings and rules of the Committee, and make such general regulations as may be found proper for the advancement of the objects of the Society, and the Government of the Committee. 10. That as soon as means are obtained, the Society will establish and maintain a Seminary for Education at Horton, under the diicction and government of the Committee, subject to the supervision and control of tlie Board of Directors. 11. That a principal oSject to be observed in the management of the Institution being to adapt the course of study to the state of society and the wants of the people, and to place the means of instruction as much as possible within the reach of all persons, it is considered primarily necessary to attend to those branches of Education which are of more general use, at the same time that a wider range of literary acquirements shall be open to those who may have the ability to seek them, or to whose prospects in life they may be more suitably adapted. It is also 234 Appendix to the Report. considered desirable that, as far as may be practicable, persons wishing to qualify themselves for ihe various callings of life, should have opportunity to receive instruction at their leisure seasons in the year in the particular branches of study more immediately requisite for their respective objects. With these principles in view it is proposed that this institu- tion shall afford the means of instruction in the usual branches of English Literature, and of scientific, classical, and other studies, which usually comprise the course of education at an Academy and College. It will, however, be the business of the Committee to exercise their discretion from time to time, in adopting or discontinuing such branches of the course of study as circumstances may require, or render expedient, and progressively, as the funds of the Society shall permit, to adapt this Institution to answer all the ends above proposed. Provided, however, 12. That of the Committee and Board of Directors, that part who shall be members of Baptist Churches, in connection with the Nova Scotia Baptist Association, shall have the sole regula- tion of the Theological Department in the Seminary. 13. It shall be the care of the Committee to provide efficient teachers for this Seminary, to whose moral and religious character special regard will be had; and it is considered an object in every department under the influence of this Society, never to be lost sight of, that the scholars and students while acquiring information to fit them for their various stations in life, should be led to a knowledge of the true relation of man to his Creator, and of that faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, which alone can furnish a sure pledge of their good conduct in this world, and their happiness in eternity. 14. That the Seminary be open to children and persons of any religious denomination. 15. That to the attainment of the objects of the Institution, it is essentially requisite that the whole system should be conducted upon a principle of the most striet and simple Economy, and no distinctions among the scholars and students, arising from Appendix to the Report. 235 wealth or external circumstances, permitted to appear ; the scholars will, as soon as practicable, be boarded .it the Institu- tion ; and it is thought advisable to connect witli the establish- ment a farm, under the care of some respectable person, for the supply of articles of provision for the use of the School, and for affording an opportunity of employing the boys during a portion of their leisure time in healtliful labor ; by which they may obtain exercise, acquire a habit of industry, and be less exposed to the irregularities which result from misemployed seasons of leisure. Tlie diet and dress of the Scholars to be of the plainest kind, and to be regulated by the Committee, and made known as part of the terms of the School, to be conformed to without exception. 16. Tlie terms of Tuition and Board to be fixed at as low a rate as possible. 17. The Funds for purchase of land, erection of buildings, and the various expenses incident to the commencement of the undertaking, as well as those which may attend its annual support, to be obtained by donations and annual contributions. 18. The Subscription Lists to be divided into several columns, by which the annual contributions may be kept separate from the Donations ; and persons making Donations may distinguish the particular object to which they Avish the Donation to be exclu- sively applied ; the Annual Contributions and Donations not expressly limited, to be appropriated by the Committee as it shall see most fit for the general advancement of the objects of the Society. APPENDIX B. The following is probably the earliest extant list of students in attendance in Hoiton Academy. Schedule of Pupils at the Horton Academy during the year 1838. Names. Residence. Stephen Dewolf Wolfville. John L. Bishop Horton . James Whitman Halifax. Jacob Whitman Canso. Edwin Dewolf Wolfville. Thomas Dewolf Do. John Danby Sable Island. O bed Chute Clements. George Johnson Wolfville. James Johnson Do. William Johnson Horton. Abraham Newcomb Stewiacke. Fred. Dewolf Wolfville. Claudius Kerr Nassau, N.P. George Starr Halifax. Albert Starr Do. Stephen Deblois „ . . . Do. Samuel Deblois Do. Richard Neil Do. William Neil Do. Peter Hamilton ... Stewiacke. Robert Weir Nassau, N.P. Isaac Graham Wolfville. Rufus Pipes Macan. John Elderkin A. Rivers, N.B. William Elderkin Do. Jeptha Elderkin Do. Amos Sharp Nassau, N.P. Wellington Eagles . Gaspereau. John Matthews Annapolis. John Croscomb Lower Horton. Patrick Cortan Wolfville. Martyr Nutting Halifax. Appendix B. Lists q/ Pupils etc, 237 Names. Besidence. James White Wolfville. James Dewolf Do. Simon Franklin Do. John Anderson Gaspereau. Edmund Twining Halifax, John McNutt Onslow. Alex. McDonald Cape Breton. Will. Stubbert Cape Breton. James Maynard Nevis, W, I. Benj. Rice Bridgetown. Theodore Harris Wolfville. John McAlpine Louisbourg, C. B. Lewis Johnston Halifax. Lewis Johnston Do. William Johnston Do. James Johnston Do. William Johnston Do. John McLatchy Windsor. J. Vince Greenwood Halifax. James Greenwood Do. J. William Greenwood Do. John Loveless Horton. John Eales Greenwich. Charles Tupper Amherst. John Best Wolfville. James Best Do. William Best Do. David Dimock Chester. Samuel Richardson Stewiacl' ' John Ross Sydney, C. ^• John Dill Truro. George Armstrong Sydney C. B. George Leonard Sydney C. B. Some of the above Pupils have resided at the Academy and attended the classes during the whole year, and others only during a part of the year. Schedule of Studies. — Classes have been reading Greek Testament, Homer'e Iliad and Odyssey, Euripides, Sophocles. LATIN. Latin Reader, Csessr, Virgil, Livy, JuvenaL 238 Appendix B. Lists oj Pupils etc. ENGLISH. Philofjophy, Natural and Moral, Mathematics, Surveying, Mensuration, Navigation, Euclid's Elements and Algebra, Book- keeping, Geography, Grammar, Arithmetic, &c., &c. The following is inserted as showing the condition of the Institution at the close of the second decade of the Academy and the first of the College. Eeport of the Institutions of the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society at Horton. Feb. 15th, 1847. OFFICERS — ACADIA COLLEGE. President and Professor of Classical Languages — Rev. John Pry or, A.M. Projessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy — Isaac Chip- man, A. M. Professor of Logic, Moral Philosophy and Rhetoric — Rev. E. A. Crawley, D.D., acting pro tern, gratuitously. COLLEGIATE ACADEMY. Classical Instructor — Mr. Charles D. Randall. Instructor in the English Department — Mr. David Freemdn. Steward of the Insiitntions — Mr. Samuel Reid. Treasurer — J. W. Nutting, Esq. Schedule of Students in Acadia College during the past year. Feb. 15th, 1847. Names. Residence. Obed Chute Bridgetown, Stephen Deblois Halitax. Lewis Johnston Halifax. Asahel Bill Nictaux . Ajypendix B. Lists of Pupih etc. 239 Names. Kesidenoe. Edwani Anderpon P E. Island. William Archibald Musquodcboit. Harris MacLatchy Win«isor. Jolin Moser St. Margaret's Bay, John Cutten CuiDherland. William Johnston Horton. Henrv Crawley Sydnev, C.B. Bu.ld' DeMill St. Jol.n, N.B. Albert Beckwith Cornwallis. Arthur Crawley Sydney, C.B; Thomas Crawley Horion. Bedford Read Cumberland. Benj. Kinsman Queens Co. Will. DeMill St. John, N. B. Foster Parker Kenjpt. Thos. Higgms Kawdon. James Morse Nictaux. RESIDENT GRADUATES. Samuel Richardson, A.B A. Hunt, A.B. Schedule of Pupils in the Horton Collegiate Acade- my during the past year. Feb. 15th, 1847. [The names with this mark * are those of pupils who have subsequentir entered College] Thomas Higgins.* Geo. Richardson. Patrick Shiels. William Best. Henry Johnston. Eliae Pn^zant. Lewis WoojM)rt ^.le Collcgo witli two Piufessors and the Acadernv with two Touchers, and that the amount necessary to accomplish this undertaking, beyond the Provincial <;rant and the tuition fees, would be cheerfully met by the Denoniiiiation for objects no important, and therefore [that we] recommend the immediate adoption of the measure, and also tlie collection of lOOl for the purpose of purchasing for the pre- sent a few articles of philosophical .apparatus. " Resolved, that the Mana<;in«^ Committee be directed to take all necessary steps for carrying into effect these Resolutions, and to make all suitable arrangements connected witli the collecting and receiving of subscriptions, find the arranging of the Institu- tion ; and to apply to the Legislature at the next session for an Act of Incorporation giving to the College, under the name of Queen's College, the power of conferring degrees and other col- legiate privileges, and also to solicit an increase in the usual Provincial grant for aiding the present object. " Resolved, that a permanent agent be appointed to obtain col- lections and subscriptions for these objects, under the denomina- tion of a Financial Secretary to the Education Society. " Resolved, that the Rev. Mr. Bill be requested to accept this office, and that the Managing Committee confer by letter or other- wise with him and his church on the subject. "Resolved, that the Committee publish a statement addressed to the friends of the Society, setting forth the views under which this meeting has adopted the foregoing Resolutions, and soliciting their concurrence. " Resolved, that the Committee also communicate this Resolu- tion to the Baptist Education Society of New Brunswick, and request their concurrence with this Society, and their aid in the establishment and support of the College. " Resolved, that in forming the constitution of the College it shall be placed under the same Government as the Academy, and no restriction of a denominational character shall be placed upon the appointment of the Professors or Officers, or the matriculation or graduation of students.'' APPENDIX C. PETITION FOR ACT OF INCORPORATION. Petition of the Executive Committue of the Education Society for a College Charter, presented January, 1839. To the Honorable the House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia in Session. The Petition of the undersigned Members of the Managing Com- mittee of the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society, Respectfully sheweth : — That since their last petition to Your Honorable House the Aca- demy at Horton has been in prosperous operation ; and further progress has been made in the collection of outstanding subscrip- tions, whereby the additional amount of two hundred and sixty- eight pounds, six shillings and six ppnce has been carried toward paj-ment of the debts due by the Society, which are now reduced to about eight hundred pounds ; and your petitioners beg permis- sion to refer to the accompanying schedules as containing a par- ticular statement of the pupils at the Academy, and a general view of the pecuniary affairs of the Society during the last year. Your petitioners further state to Your Honorable House that at a meeting of the Society in November last it was determined to commence a Collegiate Institution (in addition to the Academy) under the name of the Queen^s College, and which was according- ly opened on the twenty-first day of the present month by the Reverend John Pryor, as the Professor of Classics and Natural Philosophy, and the Reverend Edmund A. Crawley, as the Profes- sor of Moral Philosophy and Mathematics, with a very respectable number of students. That the object in view in this measure is to establish an Insti- tution at which a collegiate course may be pursued at a moderate expense equal to the pecuniary means, and under circumstances congenial to the habits and feelings of the great body of the farm- ing and other population of the countrj' parts of this Province. Appc7i(Jix C. Petition for Act of Incorporation. 247 Tliat tlie necesHity of a mea8Uie of this nature was made appa- rent by the fact tliat from among the most promising pupils of the Academy several have gone, and many more had determined to go to the United States to obtain the advantages of a collegiate course, while others abandoned the prospect of a more coniplete education than the Academy afforded who would have beeo glad to perfect their course of instruction had the opportunity been presented under circumstances adapted to their means. Without some remedy for this deficiency it had become obvious that the Institution at Horton not only would fal; far short of the objects designed in its establishment, but by tending, in this manner, to remove from the Province some of its promising youth, threatened to become the involuntary occasion of injury to the country. Some of the Committee, deterred by the supposed difficulties and expense of establishing a College at Horton, looked toward Dalhousie College, as offering the only means of supplying this deficiency ; but the friends of the Institution in the country, although not venturing to hope for the immediate erection of a Collegiate Institution at Horton, were of opinion that Dalhousie College would not remedy the evil, being convinced that no Insti- tution in Halifax would suit the pecuniary means or habits of the youth of the country in general. When therefore Dalhousie College was recently presented in an unexpected aspect, and it became requisite for the Society to sup- ply in some other quarter the want so strongly felt of a Collegiate Institution, such as has been described, not only was the opinion powerfully developed, that the establishment of a College at Hor- ton was the only measure calculated to meet the wants of the Institution, and consolidate the energies of the denomination and numerous friends of education in different parts of the ccnntry ; but it was perceived that from the accommodation afforded by the buildings already erected, it might be commenced at so much less expense than had been anticipated, as to ofll'er the utmost encour- agement to the undertaking, and dissipate the fears before enter- 248 Appendix C, Petition for Act of Incorporation. tained on tliis point : It was tlierefore unanimously determined to commence the undertaking now brought under the notice of Your Honorable House, as a measure in conformity with the original design of the Society, necessary for preserving and rendering effective all that it had hitherto done in the cause of Education ; and one which would be supported with interest and liberality by the Society and its friends. Your petitioners further state that it is not designed that the College at Horton should occupy a hostile or unfrientlly attitude toward King's or Dalhousie Colleges. Each of them has its par- ticular j)ortion of the inhabitants of this Province to which it is peculiarly congenial in sentiment and habits, or adapted by local position. And your petitioners respectfully suggest that Queen's College is not likely much to interfere with those Institutions, because by far the greater number of its students will be those who on no reasonable probability would enter either of them although it had no existence. Your petitioners respectfully appeal to the observation and ex- perience of the members of your Honorable House best acquaint- ed with the pecuniary means and feelings of the farmers and general population of the country, in the confidence that they will support your petitioners in the opinion that few if any of that class of the community likely to make use of the Institutions at Horton would seek for their youth a collegiate education at King's College, or at Dalhousie, or any other College situated in Halifax. And your petitioners in further support of this opinion refer to the fact that of the students who have entered the Queen's College at its term just commenced, by far the greater number are young men belonging to the country who would either have sought a collegiate education in the United States or abandoned it as unat- tainable, had this opportunity not been afforded them : And yet, these are generally young men of vigorous minds, deeply impress- ed with a sense of the value of education and earnestly bent on obtaining it ; and belonging to that class of the community whosa Appendix C. Petition for Act of Incorporation. 249 education is of so high importance to the best iiitercKts of this country. Laboring in such a field, your petitioners feel that they can appeal to your Honorable House with the strongest confidence of meeting all the suj^port which it can be proper for them to seek, or your Honorable House to give. Your j)etiti()ner8 most respectfully point to the past labors and contributions of the Society in the cause of education,— labors continued for years under difficulties of no ordinary character ; and contributions of a pecuniary amount unequalled — as at once affording a ]>le(lge for the perseverance and liberal support of the denomination and friends of the Society, and giving strength to their claim to the favor of your Honorable House. Your petitioners are aware that they will meet the objection, that the supr>ort of many colleges is beyond tiie means of the Pro- vince or injurious to the cause of Education. But your petitioners respectfully urge in rejily — Th.it the cir- cumstances and feelings of the country render it necessary for the general diffusion of Education, that the means for its attainment should be presented under such circumstances as meet the varied character and means of the population ; That a very large proportion of the pojiulation of the Province is interested in this Institution, and who, while earnestly desiring the advantages of Education, are from their circumstances, gene- rally speaking, precluded from obtaining it, to any adequate ex- tent, elsewhere in the Province ; and That the efforts they have already made for obtaining these benefits, united to the conviction that the ultimate failure of all their hopes and exertions must be the necessary consequence if the enlarged character given to the Instituti(»n at Horton should not be sustained, ensure their perseverance and liberality in support of the new Institution ; while the talents and attainments of the Professors of Queen's College give assurance of its literary respectability and general usefulness, and promise to place it on a footing with any other Collegiate Institutior iu this country. 250 Appendix C. Petition for Act of Incorporation, Under these circumstances, and encouraged by the past liberal- ity of your Honorable House, your petitioners earnestly and res- pectfully urge their claim to an equal measure of favor with any of the other Collegiate Institutions of the Province : And pray that your Honorable House would be pleased to pass an Act incorporating the Queen's College, with the usual privilege of conferring degrees, .ind to continue to the Society the accus- tomed grant of money in aid of its funds ; and that your Honor- able House, in consideration of the expenses necessarily incident to the commencement of such an undertaking, would be pleased to extend such further assistance as your Honorable House may deem requisite and proper. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c. Halifax, 29th January, 1839. APPENDIX D. CHARTER AND OTHER LEGISLATIVE ACTS. An Act for Incorporating the Trustees of the Queen's College at Horton. (Passed the 21th day of March, 1840.) Whereas, a number of Persons associated themselves in this Province, in the Year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty- eight, under the name of the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society, and raised from time to time, by private contribution, large sums of money, exceeding Four Thousand Pounds, which they have expended in the purchase of a Farm and Tract of land at Horton, and tlie erection of valuable and expensive buildings thereon, and the establishment and support of an Academy there, and have been aid- ed in tlieir said undertaking by Legislative Grants of Money : and whereas they have found it necessary and proper for carrying into full effect their aforesaid useful object, to establish, in addition to the said Academy, a Collegiate Institution on the said ground and Premises, under the name of the Queen's College, to be supported out of the funds, contributions, and collections of the said Society, which College, being now in operation, with a large number of Students, tliey have petitioned Ihe Legislature for an Act to incor- porate its Trustees, and extend to it Collegiate privileges and pecuniary aid : And whereas the said Society is supported by a large portion of the inhabitants of this Province, and has by great exer- tions and perseverance, and by very la/ge pecuniary contributions, as aforesaid, and the establishment of the said institutions, greatly advanced the interest of Education in this Province, and is therefor© deserving of encouragement ; and the said Collegiate Institution is likely to be of public benefit by affording the means of Education in the higher branches of Classical and Scientific Literature to the Youth of the Country, on sound moral and religious principles, in a manner suited to their means and habits, and thereby avoiding the danger of their leaving the Province, to complete their Education abroad, and so being induced to settle in Foreign Countries : t i 252 Appendix D. Charter and other Legislative Acts. 1. Beit therefore enacted bv the Lieutenant Governor, Council and Assembly, That James William Johnston, James Walton Nutting, William Chipman, Simon Fitch, William Johnston, Ed- mund Alborn Crawley, John Pryor, Richard McLearn, In<:jram E. Bill, and Charles Tupper, now being the Executive Committee of the said Education Society, together with six other persons, that is to say, two persons to be named by His Excellency the Lieutenant- Governor of the Province of Nova Scotia, and two other persons to be named by Her Majesty's Legislative Council for the said Province, and two other persons to be named by the House of Assembly, shall be Trustees and Governors of the said Queen's College. 2. And be it further enacted. That on vacancies occurring in the case of the Persons named by His Excellency the Lieutenant- Governor, such vacancies may, from time to time, be supplied by the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander-in-Chief for the time being ; and on vacancies occurring in the case of the persons appointed by Her Majesty's Legislative Council, such va- . cancies may, from to time, be supplied by the said Council, for the time being ; and on vacancies occurring in the case of the persons appointed by the House of Assembly, such vacancies may, from time to time, be supplied by the House of Assembly, for the time being. 3. And be it further enacted. That the members of the Execu- tive Committee of the said Nova Scotia Baptist Education So- ciety, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, provided the same do not exceed twelve persons in number, and if at any time they should exceed that number, then -such persons of the said Executive Committee, not to exceed twelve, as may be selected by the Directors of the said Society for such purpose, or in the absence of such selection, and until such selection, the first twelve of such Executive Committee for the time being, together with six persons, to be appointed as aforesaid, or so many of them as may be appointed from time to time, provided such appointments, or any of them, shall be made, but if such appointments shall not Appendix D. Chaiier and other Legislative Acts. 253 be made, then the members of the said Executive Committee, or in tliecase aforesaid, such twelve tliereof, as aforesaid, shall be, from time to time, at all times, hereafter, forever, the Trustees and Governors of the said Colle«?e, anything herein to the con- trary in any wise notwithstanding. 4. And be it further enacted, That for the better management and regulation of the said College, and the more full and com- plete executing the purposes of thit Act, the said Trustees and Governors hereby appointed by virtue hereof, together with tl^e Fellows of the said College from time to time to be appointed by vir- tue hereof, shall be a Body Politic and Corporate, in Deed and Name, and have succession forever, by the name of '' the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of the Queen's College." And by that name, shall sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, in all Courts and places within the Province of Nova Scotia ; and they, or the major part of them, shall have power to have and use a Common Seal, to be appointee by themselves, and to make By- Laws and Ordinances for the regulation and general manage- ment of the said College, and to assemble together, when and where and as often and upon such notice, as to them shall seem meet for the execution of the trust hereby reposed in them : and shall also have full power and capacity to purchase, receive, take, hold and enjoy, for the use and benefit of the said College, and the purposes of this Act, as well Goods and Chattels, as Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments, so as such Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments shall not exceed in value Ten Thousand Pounds, any Law or Statute to the contrary notwithstanding. 6. And be it further enacted. That the said College shall con- sist ttf two or more Professors and Fellows, and twelve or more Scholars, at such Salaries, and subject to such Provisions, Regula- tions, Limitations, Rules, Qualifications and Restrictions, as shall hereafter be appointed by the Statutes, Rules and Ordi- nances of the said College, or by this Act. and who shall be eli- gible and removable in manner as hereinafter mentioned ; and that the said College shall be deemed and taken to be an University, 254 Appendix D. Charter and other Leg Islat ice Acts. with all and every the usual privileges of such Institution, and that the Students in the said College shall have liberty and faculty of taking the Degrees of Bachelor, Master and Doctor, in the several arts and faculties at the appointed times, and shall have liberty within themselves of performing all Scholastic exercises, for the conferring of such Degrees, in such manner as shall be directed by the Statutes, Rules and Ordinances of the said College : Provided always, that the temporary vacancy of any of the said Office or Offices of Professor, Fellow, or Scholar shall not involve for- feiture of all or any of the Rights and Privileges granted by this Act. 6. And be it further enacted, That the Trustees and Governors of the said College so appointed and Incorporated by this Act, at any general meeting assembled, or the major part of them so assembled, shall, from time to lime, and as they shall think tit, make and establish such Statutes, Rules and Ordinances, for the Instruc tion, care and government of the Student, and for the care and preservation of the Books, Furniture and other Property belonging to the said College as shall seem meet, and shall and may in like manner nominate and appoint the Professors and Scholars of the said College, and shall or may also appoint such Tutors, Officers and Servants from time to time as the said Trustees and Governors, or the major part of them assembled as aforesaid, may think necessary, and assign to them rfAspect">-y out of the monies con tributed or to be contributed to the 8jp^>ort of the said College, or other the Funds thereof, such Salaries and allowances as they shall think fit ; and that it shall or may be lawful for the said Trustees and Governors, or the major part of them, in like man- ner to nominate a President of the said College, whenever they shall think fit so to do, who, when so nominated, shall, together with the Professors, Fellows and Scholars as aforesaid, constitute the body of the said College, with the privileges aforesaid ; and that the said Trustees and Governors, or the major part of them* shall and may in like manner suspend and remove the President, Professors, Tutors, Scholars, Officers and Servants, or any or either of them, for misbehaviour or neglect of duty. Appendix D. Charter and other Legislative Acts, 255 7. And be it further enacted, That so long as any sum of Money shall be paid out of the Provincial Treasury towards the support and maintenance of the said College and Academy, the Govenior, Lieutenant-Governor, or Commander-in-Chief, of the said Province of Nova Scotia for the time being may from time to time and at his pleasure enquire into the proceedings of the said Trustees and Governors and of the Committee of the said Educa- tion Society, and shall have power, if he sees occasion, to call the said Trustees and Governf)r8, and the said Committee, before himself and Her Majesty's Council of the said Province : and if, after just inquiry and due proof had, tliey shall find that any of the said Trustees and Governors, or of the said Committee, have conducted the proceedings of the said College or the said Educa- tion Society in a manner inconsistent \/ith this Act, or the pro- fessed objects of the said College or Society, then, in that case, that the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or Commander-in-Chief, with the advice of Her Majesty's Council, may remove the Officers or Members so found offending, and may, on that occasion, appoint in their place an equal number of new members. 8. And be it further enacted, That no Religious Tests or sub- scriptions shall be required of the Professors, Fellows, Scholars, Graduates, Students or Officers of the said College ; but that all the privileges and advantages thereof shall be open and free to all and every Person and Persons whomsoever, without regard to Religious persuasion ; and that it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees and Governors of the said College to select as Professors, and other Teachers or Officers, competent persons of any Reli- gious Persuasion whatever, provided such Person or Persons shall be of moral and religious character. 9. And be it further enacted. That this Act shall continue and be in force for twelve years, and from thence to the end of the then next session of the General Assembly. 10. Provided always, and be it further enacted, That this Act shall not come into operation or be of any force or effect, until Her Majesty's assent shall be signified there tc. 256 Appendix D. Charter and other Lcrjidatlve Acta* An Act to amend an Act for Incorporating tlie Trustees of tlio Quooirs College at Ilorton. (Passed the 20th day of Marc\ A. D. 1841.) Whereas, by an Act, passed at the last Session of tlie Assem- bly, in the third year of Her Majesty's Reign, entitled, An Act for incorporating the Trustees of the Queen's College, at Ilorton — the Trustees and Governors of a Collegiate Institution, estab- lished at Ilorton, by the Baptist Nova Scotia Education Society, under the name of the Queen's College, were Incorporated under the nume of the Trustees, Governors, and Fellows of the Queen's College ; And whereas, the Right Honorable Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies has been pleased, on behalf of Her Majesty, to accquaint His Excellency the Lieuten- ant-Governor of the Province, by a dispatch, of which a copy has been laid before the Legislative Council auvl Assembly, that objections exist to the Title of the Queen's College, by which the said Collegiate Institution is designated in the said Act ;but that as the details of the said Act were unexceptionable, it was retained to receive Her Majesty's confirmation, upon being amended in that respect ; And whereas, the Executive Committee of the said Society, being the Trustees of the said Collegiate Institution, have petitioned the Legislature that an Act might accordingly be passed for amending the said Act, by changing the name of the said Institution, and that the said Institution might be called therein Acadia College. 1. Be it therefore enacted, by th« Lieutenant-Governor, Council and Assembly, That the said Collegiate Institution shall be called and known by the name of Acadia College, and not by the name of the Queen's College ; and that the Trustees, Governors and Fellows thereof shall be called and known by the name of the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College, and not by the name of the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of the Queeen's College; and the said Collegiate Institution shall be called and designated Appendix D. Charter and other Lerjialative Acts. 257 Acadia Cullegc, in all respects and as fully as if it had been so called in the said Act, and the Triisteegi, Governors and Fellowa thereof had been therein Incorporated under the name of the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College, anything in the said Act contained, to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. An Act to alter the Government of Acadia College. (Pas el the 1th day of April A. D., 1851.) Be it enacted, by the Lieutenant Governor, Council, and Assembly, as follows : 1. Henceforth the Trustees and Governors of Acadia College at Ilorton, in this Province, shall be appointed by the Baptist Con- vention of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, agreeably to the Bye-Laws, Rules and PiegiUations of the Convention, the government of the College having been trans- ferred to such Convention by agreement between the Baptist Kdiication Society, and those interested in the support and manage- ment of the College and the Convention. 2. Tlie following persons, with the President of the College as an ex-oflicio Member of the Board, who in virtue of such transfer of authority were provisionally appointed Governors of Acadia College by the Convention, at its annual meeting on tl;e twenty- fourth day of Sejitember last, at Portland, in New Brunswick, Bhall be the Trustees and Governors of the College for the period ' of their appointment, in the place of the Trustees and Governors under the existing law, that is to say : The Beverend Ingraham 11. Bill, the Honorable James W. Johnston, the Beverend William Burton, the Honorable W. B. Kirnear, the Beverend Samuel Bobinson, SinK-n Fitch, M.D., tho Beverend Charles Spurden, John W. Barss, the Beverend Edward D Very, Stewart Freeman, the Beverend Abraham S. Hunt, the Beverend Tsnac L. Chipman, Caleb B. Bill, William Stone, James- 258 Appandix D. Charter and other Legislative Actn. W. Nutting, James R. Fitch, M.D., Nathan S. Dcmill, and Alex- ander McL. Seelv. 3. The Trustees and Governors last mentioned, and all other Trustees and Governors to be hereafter appointed by the Conven- tion, shall have the same title and designation, and have all the same powers as they would have borne and had, if this Act had not been passed and their appointment had been made under and in conformity with the Act passed in the third year of Iler Majesty's Reign, entitled " An Act for incorporating tlie Trustees of the Queen's College at Horton," and the Act by which the Title of the College was changed to " Acadia College." 4. Nothing herein shall give to the Trustees and Govcruora appointed or to be appointed by the Convention, any title to the Real Estate or Buildings whereon the College is situated and conducted ; but the Baptist Education Society shall continue to retain their title to such Real Estate and Buildings, until the debts and securities for which the Executive Committee, or any former Member thereof, may be liable, shall be discharged, or the parties relieved therefrom, on which event arrangements shall be made for settling the title in a manner suited to promote the interest of both the Academy established there under the Baptist Educa- tion Society and the College on just principles. 5. The clause of the Act of incorporation, limiting the duration of the Act to twelve years, is repealed. An Act relating to Scholarships and other Matters in Acadia College. (Passed April m, 1853.) Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and Assembly : — 1. Scholarships of the College founded by the payment of one hundred pounds shall be held to form part of the personal estate of their respective founders, agreeably to thp aws which regulate property of that nature. Appendix D. Charter and otl rr Lefj'mlative Arts. 2o0 2. Each scholarsliip sliall l>e evidiMicetl and held hy a certiticato signed by tlie Treasurer and two TrutitecH and Governors of the College and sealed with tiie College seal. 3. The proprietor of a scholansliip shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges attached to a scholarship by the bye-laws and ordinances of the Trustees and Governors of the College, and shall not be liable for any debts of the College. The bye -laws and ordinances of the Trustees and Governors of the College shall regulate the rights and privileges of persons who may contribute to its funds a less sum than one hundred pounds each. 5. The Trustees and Governors of the College may appoint professors of theology in its various branches, and may pay their salaries out of the funds of the College. 6. The eighth section of the Act 3rd Victoria, chapter 2, entitled ** An Act for incorporating the Trustees of the Queen's College at Horton'' is repealed as far as regards the appointment of theo- logical professors. An Act to enlarge the Powerr of the Trustees, Gov- ernors and Fellows of Acadia CoHege. {Passed in the Session of 1865.) 1 . From and after the passing of this Act, Uorton Academy shall be subject to the control and management of the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College, in the manner herein- after provided, and shall be called " The Horton Collegiate Academy." 2. The Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College are hereby authorized and empowered to accede to the request pre- sented to them by the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society and to assume the trusts and obligations of the said Society, its real property, assets and liabilities being also transferred to them. 3. Grants from the public revenue in favor of Horton Col- legiate Academy shall be strictly and solely applied to the pur- poses of the same, as heretofore to Horton Academy. 2G0 Ajipe7\dix D. Charter and other Lefjislative Acts. 4. The Trust'.ep, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College who are resident in Nova Scotia bhall be constituted a special Com- mittee for the management of Horton Collegiate Academy ; and they shall report their proceedings from year to year, at the annual meeting of said College, during the session of the Baptist Convention of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. 5. The Act 2 Vic. Cap. 29, entitled " An Act for incorpor- ating Tlie Nova Scotia Bai)tist Education Society," is repealed. 40 Vic. Cap. 83. (Passed A p. 12, 1877.) An Act to amend the " Act to enlarge the powers of the Trus- tees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College." Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and Assembly as fol- lows : — 1. Section 4 of chap. 39 of the Acts of 18Go, entitled ''An Act to enlarge the i)Owers of the Trustees, Governors and Fellows of Acadia College," is hereby re}»ealed. 2. Tlie management and control of Ilorton Collegiate Academy Tire hereby vested in the Board of Governors ( f Acadia College. TIIK i:ni).