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■HR 
 
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 ■ ^<* 
 
 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1878. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 yOK' 
 
 THE CANADIAE COMMISSION 
 
 BY 
 
 THOS. C. REEFER, M. Inst C.E 
 
 i 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER. 
 
 OTTAWA: 
 PRINTED BY MACLEAN, KOGBB & CO., WELLINGTON STRBBT* 
 
 1881 
 
iisriDE::^. 
 
 UK P OUT. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Preparation — Lfirgo Map. ..., 5 
 
 Public Works 6 
 
 Statistics 7 
 
 Photographs 7 
 
 Fisheries 7 
 
 Regulations (General) 7 
 
 Trophy (design and preparation for). 8 
 
 Cases 'do do .... 9 
 
 The "Newfield" 9 
 
 Canada at Paris 9 
 
 Canadian Section 11 
 
 The British Section 12 
 
 Trophy, erection of 13 
 
 Cases, erection of 13 
 
 Potato Bug U 
 
 Installation IJ: 
 
 Classification 16 
 
 paceJ 
 
 Manufactures • 17 
 
 Decoration of Trophy 18 
 
 Smaller Trophies . 18 
 
 Colonial Museum 19 
 
 iteturn of Exhibits 20 
 
 Sales 21 
 
 Return Freight 22 
 
 Regulations (effect of) 22 
 
 Cost 22 
 
 Results 23 
 
 Lessons 24 
 
 Oyster Culture 24 
 
 Beet Sugar 24 
 
 Paper Pulp 25 
 
 Fruit 25 
 
 Wood 25 
 
 Phosphate of Lime 26 
 
 Awards , 26 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Distribution of Government Exhibits.. 29 
 Canadian Agricultural Machinery .... 32 
 
 Distribution of Hand-book ...'. 33 
 
 •Order in Council .... 33 
 
 PAOK, 
 
 The Prince of Wi;les about Trophy. 34 
 
 Recognition of Colonial Efforts 34 
 
 The Prince of Wales i n Canada.... 34 
 Expenditure, Statement of. 35 
 
 List of aAvards, 36-45. 
 
 n' 
 
 * 
 
I 
 
re:i=ort 
 
 INTEODUCTION. 
 
 4- 
 
 The French decrees for the Exhibition of 1878 were dated in April, IStG, and 
 'became law about the 1st of August, when France assumed the undertaking as a 
 Government work, in concert with the city of Paris, which city contributed 6,000,000 
 francs. Tlio British Commission was gazetted on 23rd January, 1877, with the 
 Prince of Wales as President, and upon the same day His Royal Highness 
 addressed the Colonial Secretary and expressed the pleasure he should feel in 
 learning that the various Governments of the Colonies '* have determined 
 to take a prominent part in making a suitable representation." A circular 
 -was sent by the Colonial Secretary, 16th February, 1877, to each of the Colonial 
 Governments, in which he said: — "The distinguished success which crowned the 
 labors of the Colonial Commissioners at the Philadelphia Kxhibition in 1876, 
 encourages mo to hope that no effort will be wanting on the part of your 
 Government to respond to the wishes of His ]toyal Highness." On 26th Fcbruaiy, 
 His Boyal Highness annouaced that space available for Groat Britain and 
 her Colonies had been allotted to the " collective British Empire," the application 
 for which must be made through the Imperial Executive, and pledged himself to 
 use his best endeavors to promote equitable distribution of available space between 
 the United Kingdom and the Colonies in proportion to their several requirements. 
 
 The Parliament of Canada having made an appropriation, intending exhibitors 
 •were invited, on 25th May, to make application for space, and upon Ist June a circular 
 was sent by the Minister of Agriculture to the principal Canadian exhibitors at the 
 Centennial, enclosing printed rules, &c., and saying that" the expressed desire of His 
 Eoyal Highness will, I am sure, meet with a quick response fj-om every Province of 
 the Dominion. The proud position you have taken at the Centennial will bo an 
 additional inducement for you to put prominently before the nations ofEui'opetho 
 valuable collection exhibited by you at Philadelphia." The Secretaries and thu 
 Executive Commissioner were appointed in July, and immediately set about the 
 canvassing for and collection of exhibits. The Director of the Geological Survey 
 was also instructed by the Government to prepare a minei'al collection for Paris. 
 
 PEBPARATION— LARGE MAP. 
 
 As this was the first occasion in which the Dominion would appo:u* as an exhibitor 
 among the nations in the Old "World, it was felt that a fuller exposition of where and 
 what the new comer was, was needed for Paris than that for Philadelphia. The Canada 
 which had appeared at London and Paris on former occasions was the old Province — 
 Ontario and Quebec, and itwas desirable to show that the country wasnow a Dominion 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, aud that it embraced an area about as large as that 
 of the United States. This could best be accompli;3hed by a map drawn upon a scale 
 corresponding to the magnitude of the country. A scale often miles to the inch, tho 
 scale of published Provincial maps, was therefore adopted as the least which would 
 exhibit the narrow peninsula between the great lakes. By omitting all small sub- 
 divisions, advantage was taken of the field of tho map to illustrate, directly and 
 
T 
 
 without references, (ho natural prod iicti.. its of tho country in situ. The lallwava and 
 canals, with tho principal cities and townH, show tho occupied areas, and, added to 
 heso, waH shown the «.lo of all the- leading' products of the mine, tho forest, tlio 
 hshorioH anu agr.culturo, ho far an at proHont known, in plain lettern. l<:xhibition 
 visitors have l.ttlo tunc or mHination to refer to catalogur] for Information when in 
 presonceoftheohjoct in which they take an interest, mul it i., thoreloro, dosiral lo 
 that every exhibit .should as far as possible speak for itself. u««"uuio 
 
 PUBLIC WOUKS. 
 
 An exhibition of the public works of a country so colebrateJ for thorn as 
 doHvS ;r, was consulcrcd essential, because, in addition to tho material benefit to bo 
 
 Seal r conn nnf"^;-'^ '"^"-^ ^"'"'^ ""-^ ''^I^''^^''^"^ foute betwccii Europo and 
 fi, ha dUn?.. n n^ ^", rn.so our position in tho estimation of tho wo -Id by 
 
 ou lail vil L 'oT' '"" '^ T^''' ^^'^ ^'T^ "^'"^P «^°^^'^'^^ ^ho position and extent of 
 -moSeh ^b,? ri '"'i'^*'^ ''T '^""''' ^''^' *^ demonstrate the character of both 
 rnw?..nS Pf / photographs were needed. It was decided to show tho St. 
 
 Lawrence, from Lake Ontario to Quebec, upon a scale of abont a mile to the inch 
 o? dt It^'tt^^f'r \'l^' n^-gnitude anci directness of the route the great work 
 Ins o^ tl^oannl n. ^honver below Montreal, as well as tho position and dimon- 
 the Wella^d and I nnh/nnV ' i ''^^''i ^^i ? '^^''^"^' '^' groat masonry works of 
 comEXirPvS ^^ ^r"^'' i!^ """^ "^' ^^ °"^' «^* ^*^« "«^ Jocks and lock-gatos 
 iTe^renui -^d so n Sn 1 ""'^'^^ ^-f' '^''" "^"^^ extended, but for the cost^nd 
 dXctZ V Cana,l . „ wov^, ""ll? 'T- r"^''' r'^ '-'' ^^'' Intercolonial, and also those 
 So? &c wS, Z,T r %''''^'',""^/^''*^^" i-^Pi-ovemcnts for the descent of 
 Son wuCm'caiars? '' '''" '"""'' ' '^^^''^^^^ Government exhibit in con- 
 
 onlythoT.ft oLwn f J^n?'n^""''^;^' f '^' ^"l^'^' ^"^''^^"^^ ^^ ^^'o Dominion, not 
 
 r. 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 Other important doficicmios may hero bo referred to. While the Slatistics of 
 ExporlM and Im]>()rtH, Railway and Canal traffic, Navigation and FishorioM, Postal 
 Hystem, IJanlcing, Insurance, &c.,A:c., can bo procured annually, there is no machinery 
 in Canada for obtaining the important StalisticH of Agriculture, Manufactures and 
 JVIinoH other than the Decennial Censua. The returns of 1871 were obsolete for the 
 Paris Exhibition of 1878. It would seem that the assesHinont Hystora might bo utilized 
 to eecuro some record of progrcHs in manufactures and ugricultural proJuctions. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 Messrs. Notman and Sandham, who had photogi-aphod the faces and physique 
 of Canadians on snow shoes and upon skates, were soliciiod to send them to Paris. 
 They completed the series of iwintor sports by a new and beautiful ])icture of curling 
 on the ice of the St. Lawrence, with the city ami mountain of Montreal in the back- 
 gi'ound. This tirm prepai'od the views of the Victoria and International Bridges, 
 exhibited by the Grand Trunk Jtailwaj' (which were not merely photographs out 
 veritable works of art), and also interior and exterior views oC the Windsor Hotel, 
 Montreal, whU3h the proprietor, James Worthington, Ea(][., cheerfully consented to 
 contribute. No part of the Canadian section excited gro.itei iutorojts than those 
 beautiful exhibits. - 
 
 r 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 
 To bring onr Fisheries more prominently into notice. Professor Hind was 
 engaged to prepare Fi.'-h Maps, which excited much inteiest and received the gold 
 medal. 
 
 REGULATIONS. 
 
 To reduce the cost of transpoi-tation, it was 'dopirable that oar exhibits should go 
 by water carriage, and by the St. Lawrence route, and therefore in tho regulations it 
 was piovided that exhibits would be shipped, free of charge, up to 1st November, 
 1817, and after that date, at ti.e expens-o of exhibitors. Tho short space of time 
 •which this allowed for preparation, only five months (or less than half the time 
 allowed for Philadelphia), no doubt deterred some of our manufacturers from entering 
 for Paris. 
 
 A more serious change in the conditions as compared with Philadelphia, was the 
 regulation which provided that "all articles exhibited will be sold, during or after 
 the exhibition, foi* account of owner, unless shipped back to Canada at exhibitor's 
 special request and expense, no return freight being provided by the Canadian 
 Commission, except for special scicntitic collections, of great value;" and, further, a 
 regulation that "The Canadian Commission will be in no way responsible for loss or 
 damage of any kind." These rules, which, no doubt, prevented some from entering, 
 were adopted in consequence of the largo claims for damages which had been paid on 
 account of exhibits at Philadelphia, where the Government had assumed the responsi- 
 bility of their safe return. Lastly, the announcement made early in the summer 
 that only a limited portion of the space applied for could be granted, no doubt 
 disccuiagod some intending exhibitors, as well as checked to some extent the efforts of 
 the Commission. When it is confiidered that no medals were ottered by Canada to 
 her exhibitors at Paris, as was done at Philadelphia, and also that the Canadian 
 exhibitor could, with little expenditure of time and money, look after his own interests 
 at Philadelphia, while this could not bo done at Paris, we can the more justly appre- 
 ciate the services rendered by tho>e patriotic Canadians, who came forv;ord to sustain 
 their country's reputation in the Paris Exhibition of 1878. 
 
On former occasions, CunivJa h;ul boon reproHontcd at tlio Intortmlional Exhibi- 
 tion in Kiiropo by hor (iovornmont, which ^oloctcd and purchased tho oxhibilH wont; 
 and thi^* is tho Hyejtom f^ononilly adopted by tho other colonios of tho Empire. The 
 Kxhihition of 1878 was llio firHt in which tho Dominion has exhibited beyond tho 
 Atlantic, and there is no doubt that by nppoalinpj to tho enterprise und patriotism of 
 hor producers and nianut'acturorrt, C'anacbv luis talcon ranic as a nation alon"' with 
 those Kuropean ouvs, whoso individuals represented their roapoctivo countries. 
 
 While tho exhibitors at Paris lal>oi'c<i under these disadvantages as compared with 
 the Centennial, tho Canadian Commission for tho I'aris Kxhibilion was also loss fortu- 
 nate than their predecessors at Philadelphia. For the Centennial, Advisoiy Boards, 
 presided over by a Provincial Minister of tho Crown, were formed in every Province* 
 of the Dominion, and were composed of " official and unofUcial gentlemen of groat; 
 zoal, oxporionco and local and technical knowledge, in all parts of tho country%nd 
 conuocted with all departments of industry." These numbered in Ontario,* 'II • 
 <iuoboc, 44; Nova Scotia, 22; New Brunswick, 24; Prince PMward Island, 10; 
 Manitoba, 6; British Columbia, t,— over 150 gentlemen in all, whose services were 
 enlisted in aid of that Commission. Moreover, tho proximity of Philadelphia and tho 
 libtrality of tho railways in taking exhibition goods at half rates secured the minimum 
 of cost, delay and handling, while it gave to tho Centennial Commission tho invalu- 
 able aid of many Canadian exhibitors. 
 
 1 
 
 TROPHY. 
 
 T> • "^^ ^I'^iT^'^*^ of August, 1877, a despatch was received, enclosing a letter fiom tho 
 Pnncc of Wales, m which ho says: " Tho space allotted to Great Britain adjoins a 
 vestibule and tower which had been reserved for international trophies, of which only 
 asmall share would have been granted to Great Britain. The Fret ch, upon my 
 personal application, have given the exclusive permission to me to use it for a series 
 of trophies representing the produce and manufacture of tho various Colonial 
 nrTt'r/f ; I Vnn V^° '"»!", entrance to the foreign Machinery Gallery, and i. 
 115x142 foot and 100 foot high. 1 have i.Iaced IhS various trophies from the 
 Colonics in close proximit^y to India, wi.liing that tho Colonial Governments should 
 have lias prominent position in addition to the space in the main building. Tho 
 Dominion Government was invited to inform His Koyal Hi^h.ioss whether thoy saw 
 their way to the erection of a suitable Grand Trophy in tho centre of tho hali: Tho 
 
 «lMHir<rn'!.''iil%^^^^ ^«^ '"^^t important position 
 
 fhn ^.nf n? ' l^.'l^ J"''"^ ^^^^ principal entrance to the Exhibition, on condition that 
 tho mimner in which I propose to deal with it is submitted for their final approval." 
 
 Thi.torJw?K'' *'w°^T''J'^^''?>^ '^^^^^'^ ^^ th° ^orld might have been proud. 
 Wn hmn^h.l^rV"*?'^^^. "" ^^^ P^^'° ^^^'^ ^" ^^^ ^^'^'S^ ^^^ions woro to have 
 iSinion of Canada ' "°'^ its^ccntral space was ofieTed exclusively to tho 
 
 undor 'H,n^?f,Jr' Promptlv accepted and tho design for tho trophy commenced 
 Publ o wJr n ^^ ii^l; ^- ^' ^?^^' *^^ ^^^«*' ^^chitect of the' Department of 
 insufficiol? n ilUn '' «"^ ^^"«" «f ^P^^^ in the section having boon considered 
 iron^v wi: nl .nn !? ^0"«^J«';f '«"« govomcd, to a groat extent, the design, and tho 
 oblLt^orilPhr ''T"'°^^'r^^"™^^"^^^^^ib^ ^P^^^ ^ a height at which 
 cr^s and e fi-Th i "^ «'^^"^/"?,^-, ^'^^ this purpose thi base was in the form of a 
 Z foundation n p. 1^^ '°^ ^""'^"^^ ?V^ ^^ *^^''«^" inc. eased space without increasing 
 fit nnH t\ r.« ^'^°'!-^ Pi-e^cribod limits. The available height assigned was 100 
 
 Tta rwat ii 'hf r ?^'' ^'' '^^^'S^"^• ^^^'^^"^«^' ^^^'^^ wore roachedSy a spiral 
 stauway n .he centre and proved as useful as they woro ornamental. ^ 
 
 mission bv^wLr'^f" "^^^ forwarded in October for approval to the Royal Com- 
 i^mSi.'.t«i^. Zt ."^fu -^ """^^ accepted and transmitted to tho French, who 
 
 w^ evS Iv f'"?'^ ^^.^'' ^'"^^"^"^ acceptance and admiration of tho same. It 
 was evidently a pleasant surprise to both English and French that Canada 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
1 
 
 hUouM havo ho promptly antl satinfactorily Holvod a diffloiilt <[ii08tion and produco a 
 (losiji'n HO well adapted to a tiyin<; position. A roforonco to the design will hUow that 
 miicn of tljo ort'ect is dito to tlio coiljollod b;iIco!iy and to tho " oro.ss " below it by 
 which tho oxtorlor froiitago was nearly doubled, so thit to tho groat mothor ot 
 invention, nocossit}', wo are partly indobtod for a result which in always moro 
 natisfactory when tho uaoful is oo nbinod with the beautiful. 
 
 The tipsico allotted to this Gr'uid Trophy in tho centre of tho towor was 900 squnro 
 foot — hosides which, at a dintanco of about twenty feet, four smaller Hpacoi of fifty 
 Hquaro leot each were granted to Canada, wliich woro occupied by our moat massivo 
 oxhibits in products of tho forest and of the niino. 
 
 CASES. 
 
 It was dotorminod that tho cases which are requirotl for everything oxcopting 
 niachinor}', carriages, ooatH, woods and minerals, should bo made horo, and thus bo 
 an exhibit of Canadian woods and workmanshij) Those, from their height, required 
 packing boxes made of full length boards which would supply so much of tho iumbor 
 required for fitting up in Paris. Tho boxes were put together with scrowa and ould 
 he taken apart without injury to the lumber. 
 
 TIIE^'NEWFIELD." 
 
 1 
 
 To lessen tho cost of froiglit on so much bulk as was formed by our cases, wood 
 exhibits, boats, carriages and agricultural machinery, it wasde i mined to ship them 
 from Montreal by (Tovornment steamer *' Newtield" in November, after she had deli- 
 vered her lighthouse supplies. She left Montreal nearly full on tho 19th November, 
 stopping at Quebec and Pictou to tulvO in exhibits, ar)d reached Halifax on the 1st 
 December. Here she wiis detained until tho It)th, in order to restow the cargo and 
 get more weight below for tho Atlantic voj'ago. Although tho steamer's carrying 
 capacity is 800 tons measurement, and she wustilled to thodock, tho dead weight of 
 her exhibition cargo was only 135 tons. Apart from considerations of economy there 
 ■was an advantage lu sending tho Cantiliin exhibits into the Seine in a Government 
 steamer, with offitors in uniform and the flag of the Dominion at the masthead. The 
 *' Newfield" ascendei tho Seine from lla^ro to ll')Uon, which port she reached on 2nd 
 January. Tho arrival of the now comor with the stirango flag was hailed -vith satis- 
 faction as the first fruits of the French invitation, ours being the first cargo which 
 reached the Exhibition^— and J'^rance was evidently pleased ihat wo were doing her 
 honor in tho manner as well as in tho matter of our sending. At Rouen, tho Chamber 
 of Commerce, whose chairman, Pouyer Quorticr, was the President ot tho Fx-ench 
 Senate, visited tho " Newdeld," and presented a gold modal to the captain on the 
 occasion of the aj rival of tho first steamer flying the Canadian flag. 
 
 A 500-ton Seine barge was brought alongside the "Newfield" and received her 
 whole cargo, tho cases being piled high above the deck. Wot weather extended tho 
 transhipment until the 12th, and high water in the Seine retarded the ascent of the 
 bargo, so that it was the 27th January bof )re she arrived at tho dock in front of the 
 Champ do Mars. Notwithstanding this delay the Canadian oases were the first deli- 
 vered in the Exhibition building. 
 
 5 
 
 CANADA AT PARIS. 
 
 Tho Paris Exhibition of 1878, in extent, expenditure and magnificonce, as well 
 as in rapidity of construction, far surpassed all its predecessors, and therefore com- 
 pelled a corresponding effort upon the part ot every foreign country accepting the 
 invitation to compete at a universal exhibition in the mostly richly decorated city ia 
 the world. 
 
10 
 
 The following etatomcnt shows the Paris Exhibition of 1878 as compared with 
 all the previous great iniernational ones : — 
 
 Place. 
 
 London. 
 
 Paris 
 
 London 
 
 Paris 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Philadelphia 
 Paris 
 
 
 No. 
 
 Date. 
 
 of Day3| 
 
 
 Upon. 
 
 18)1 
 
 141 ' 
 
 1855 
 
 200 i 
 
 1802 
 
 171 ' 
 
 1867 
 
 210 
 
 1873 
 
 186 
 
 1876 
 
 159 
 
 1878 
 
 194 
 
 Nurab'-T 
 
 of 
 
 Exbibitorg. 
 
 13,917 
 
 23,9')4 
 
 28 6G3 
 
 60,226 
 
 42,548 
 
 .^5,298* 
 
 50,000 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Visitors. 
 
 6,170,000 
 4,53{,464 
 6,211,103 
 9,3()0,0.')0 
 7,251,287 
 9,9i;i,&66 
 lC,032,7-.'5 
 
 Covered 
 
 Area 
 in A.cre8 
 
 Cost. 
 
 Rieceipts. 
 
 20 
 30 
 24 
 41 
 50 
 75 
 
 1,464,000 
 4,010,000 
 2,300,000 
 4 596 7'J3 
 9,85),000 
 8,330.000 
 11,000,000 
 
 $ 
 
 2,530,000 
 1,610,000 
 2,360,000 
 2,822,931 
 2.000,000 
 3,85(.',00O 
 2,539,750 
 
 * Ame-icati, 12,289. Foreign, 23,000. 
 
 I havo been unable (o obtain the covered area at Paris in 1878, but on this subject 
 Dr. Kdward il. Ki.dght of the State Departir.eut, Washington, one of the Jurors of 
 the United States Co^lITli8i^ion, writi-s as follows: "The building on the Champ 
 do Mars in s.aloi officially to be 650 meircs l>nir by 350 broad, which reduced to our 
 measurement will give 2,4^7,5,36 square foot ; deducting 150,000 feet for tv,-o enclosed 
 alloys^ the area under roof will be 2,297,53-: feet. The area oi the five principal 
 build ii>gs at the Centennial was: — 
 
 Main Building ^72,320 ft. 
 
 Machinerv 50-t,9.0 " 
 
 Art .". 76,650 " 
 
 Agriculture 442,800 « 
 
 Horticulture 7;^.,9r.) " 
 
 Total 1,970, U)9 ft. 
 
 go that the difference in favor of Paris is ioT,! 7 feet. 
 
 *' In nmnd numbers the Paris Ex o^iiion luilding is one-fiAh larger than tl.e 
 united aroaf^^ of the tive buildings at tbo Cetiu nnial. Without niaivinir a close calcu- 
 lation of the areas of the annexes and dctathed buildings either ot Paris or Phila^ 
 delphia, I am di>].o&cd to think that till' lc7<> exposition was not in excess of the 
 present one in thai re^pocl ; either exi «'m;^, lioih in the nuiin buiiuing and the ^warTn 
 of del ached stiucturcs, an} preitding » xhibiiion. The dificicnco between the Paris 
 oxhil ition of lh6T and IhTH is as US .s lo -40. The Lond.)r! l^xhibilion of 1862 
 would leai- lo both the piopctrtion oi 9., v\ i h< ul any inipovtant at nexes." 
 
 'Ihe a^-^c•n)bkd nations prtsent wet. ii ni Eriiopc — the Eiitihh I'nipii'C, T'ussia, 
 Auslrii", Eurgaiy, Italy, Pelgiuni, ^'v ^zt.i im d. JSorway and Sweden, Holland, Spain, 
 Povtugfd, Gieeee^ Deiiniaik, Liixenibnig, "^t. ^.;irin,ard Monnco ; tiom Asa— China 
 and Japin, Pei>i;i, Siatn and Ann:ni; nir. Africa — Eg}pi, M(>i('( co. and Tunis j 
 from America — United States of Koi lii .A mei u a, Canada, Argeritino lie]iul lie, and 
 a syndicate of the States of Centra! lu d !5< uth America, Salvjiuoi, and Uin^niy. 
 
 Mexico, witii w'hieh Fiance J a- n<> cipN matie relaiion.', did n >t e^llibit as a 
 country; Gei many deciineO, but when loo hie ior anything el^e exhibitid in the 
 Art Gaiieiy ; TuiKej, which had atcejteu. wi<k prevented bj her great war from 
 participating in the exhibition. 
 
 The Palais oi the Cl.amp de Ma. , whi»h was the main exhilition building, 
 fincloBcd a t-pace 2,315 liet long by 1,14;') Uct wide, and was ec^nally divided letween 
 
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France and other nations. The front and rear were formed by wide and lofty vesti- 
 bules, having each central and corner domes. These vestibules were connected by 
 long halls, with the exception of a space 213 feet wide in the centre, which separated 
 the French from the foreign half of the industrial courts. Within this central space 
 the art galleries were placed, having an open lane 42 ioet wide upon each Mo of 
 them, tiiat upon the foreign side being called the "International Avenue," or "Street 
 of the Nations," b cause upon this frontage each nation erected a highly ornunontal 
 and characteristic building exemplifying the characteristic architecture of the 
 different countries. There was nothing of this kind upon the French side; and it 
 was to this fact, as well as to the greater variety, etc., ot the exhibits of the foreign 
 side, that it became the principal attraction, and its vestibule fronting on tlie Seine, 
 called the " Grand Vestibule," became a principal entrance to the Palace. 
 
 This vestibule, the most important portion of the British space, was entirely 
 given up to India and the Colonies of the British Empire, for special collections 
 illustrating their products and manufactures. The corner tower of the grand 
 vestibule was the main entrance to the foreign machinery gallery, anci, from its 
 proximity to the British Agricultural annexes, and the celebrated Spanish " Bottle" 
 building, as well as from its having, immediately adjoining it, the Anglc-Aiucrican 
 Itehtaurant, this tower became a favorite entrance, and the first object which the 
 visitor beheld in the centre of it was the lofty Canadian Trophy surrounded by four 
 smaller ones belonging to the same country. 
 
 CANADIAN SECTION". 
 
 The " Section " space allotted to the Colonies was at the other extremity of the 
 British space, immediately adjoining the United States, and was a strip about 110 
 feet in width, extending from the "Street of Nations" to the Mach.neiy "^'iil«i;y- 
 One-half of this width was allotted to Canada, and that the most important half, the 
 one fronting on the "Street of Nations," the other half was occupied by the four, 
 principal Australian Colonies. i- -i i 
 
 Two transverse galleries parallel with the vestibules at front and rear divided 
 the Palais of the Champs do Mars into three sections. The first of these gallei-ies. 
 from the Seine, the "Galeiie Eapp" was a continuation of the " Avenue Kapp, tho 
 principal carriage entrance to the Exhibition. Next to the United States space carao 
 that of Sweden and Norway, which extended to tho " Galerie Rupp. ' 
 
 The visitor to the Lritish section, therefore, who arrived by the Porte Kapp aufi 
 turned down tho nearest main aisle through Sweden and Norway, and the United 
 States, found himself first in Canada. Thus by two principal entrances the 
 visitor to the Bri ish section was first introduced to the Dominion. 
 
 The Canadian frontage upon the "Street of Nations," whore not fiUei up by 
 buildings, was closed in by glass, thus giving the advantage of light from tho oast, 
 and as it was in shade alter midday, it was, in hot weather, much cooler than the 
 part near the machinery gallery, which was both heated and lighted from the glass 
 roof A transverse passage through the Canadian section opened out upon a garden 
 space fronting on the "Street of Nations," and led across this to tho Art balleiy, 
 striking a division of the latter which, from its contents, and its proximity to the 
 Seine and Porte Eapp, was more frequented than any other part of that most 
 attractive section of the Exhibition. • i i, rt i, •« 
 
 These details hav3 l.een given to show that the position o3Cupxod by Canada m 
 the Palais of the Chr t. •; de Mars, was one which could not have been improved. 
 Her rights of priority as a colony were cheerfully conceded upon all occasions, ana 
 iustlv «n beoau«e ^h^ oocunied as much "Section" space as all the other colonies 
 combined, besides being the only one amongst them which exhibited both m the 
 agricultural and marine annexes; . . , . .i n +'„^ 
 
 Tho other Colonies which, with India and Canada, joined in the collective 
 exhibit of the British Empire— were Jamaica, British Guiana, Trmidad, Lagos, Cape 
 
12 
 
 of Good Hope, Coylon, Straits Sottlomonts, Mauritius, SoychoUo^i, Xew South Wales, 
 ■Victoria, Quccn-riuDd, South Australia and Western Australia. 
 
 THE BUTTISH SECTION. 
 
 The British Section rof which Canacia in common with the other Colonics formed 
 a part) is thus described by the editor o{ Engineering : "Amcncr foreign countries the 
 place of honor at tlio Paris Exhibition has been set apart for England, her Colonies 
 and her India Empire. The organization of the British Commissiou is peculiar and 
 well chosen. For the first time in the history of International Exhibitions, no 
 General Commission w^as appointed to carry out the work. At an early period His 
 Eoyal Highness the Prince of Wales announced his intention of acting at once as 
 Executive Commissioner and President. That the Prince of Wales has favored the 
 Commission and the country by acting as President and Executive Commissioner, is 
 not merely an honor, but is of the utmost practical value, since he brings to the 
 work a rare ability for organii^ation and business, and labors hard at his self-imposed 
 task, in effect making the Prince subordinate to the President. But, in addition, it is 
 an honor, positively more appreciated in Prance than in this country, that the heir 
 apparent has thus identified himself with the marvellous monument of French 
 greatness and industry. Equally too, the Indian Empire and the Colonies appreciate 
 the honor of following so august a leader, and in this Exhibition at least, England 
 has taken a part worthy of herself and of France. 
 
 The English Facade in the avenue of Street of Nations is, with its buildin<^s, of 
 the richest and most interesting character, and the Prince of Wales, desirin"- to act 
 practically in the success of the Exhibition, consented to lend his Indian collection, 
 for which purpose, as well as for the general exhibits of the Indian Empire, one half 
 oftheGrand Vestibule facing the Seine was placed at the disposal of this country. 
 The western Pavilion adjoining the vestibule is sot apart for C^ .ada and the 
 Australian Colonies. 
 
 The fourth building (in the International avenue) is a truly remarkable 
 structure ; it was built by Messrs. Cubitt & Co., who are now exhibiting for the first 
 time. The facade Avas designed by Mr. Gilbert EeJgrave, and is of a style of 
 architecture occasionally met with among the old halls of Cheshire and Staffordshire. 
 The walls which are of fine rendered cement are almost concealel by the richly 
 decorated woodwork, the design and execution of which fall rather within the scope 
 of cabinet work than carpentry. This house has boon given by His Royal Hio-huess 
 the President, for the use of the Commission from the Dominion of Canada. ° 
 
 Canada was the only colony favored with offices upon tho International avenue, 
 
 and this was only one of numerous important services rendered her by the Prince. 
 
 At his request the printing of our Hand Book and catalogue was done through the 
 
 office of Her Majesty's stationers, at much lower rates than could be procured else- 
 where. 
 
 To Sir Philip Owen, the Prince's representative at Paris, the Canadian 
 Commission were indebted for unceasing favors. Sir Philip, however, disclaimed all 
 acknowledgement and stated that it was His Royal Highness' express command that 
 everything possible should be done to assist us, and to place us on the same footing 
 as British exhibitors. At the close of the Exhibition the British exhibitors, including 
 the Colonies, united in presenting a testimonial to Sir Philip, to which Canada was a 
 contributor. The Exhibition was daily visited during the installation by many 
 Parisians and strangers of sufficient influence to secure the entree during installation, 
 and Canada, as the earliest arrival, attracted on this account, more than her share of 
 their attention ; as well as that of the Parisian Press. The inquiries made showed a 
 wonderful lack of information on the part of many Frenchmen with respect to one 
 of their former possessions. A popular "ifrenne" or New Year's gift for children, for 
 January, 1878, was a " Spring Jack " or double faced dancing figure called " Po Paul 
 and Canada,' in which, while « Po Paul " was represented as a Caucasian, Canada 
 
 T 
 
TT 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 was depicted as a negro of the most pronounced type, and the verses of the song 
 attached to it described U3 as a " little negro " and a ''bird of Congo." When our 
 banners first caught the eye of young Parisians on entering iho Exhibition their 
 pleased expression showed them to bo on familiar ground, and they struck up the 
 tune and words of an apparently popular air. 
 
 To combat this idea our exhibitors cards were headed by a small sphere ])rinted 
 in colors which was also used as a vignette for our hand book, showing North 
 America divided between Canada, fhe United States and Mexico, ho that the visiior, 
 in examining any Canadian exhibit, could not fail to know from what quarter of the 
 world it came. Canada was thought to be a tropical country by some because we 
 made sugar, the maple being supposed to be a sugar cane. By others we were 
 possibly confounded with the Canaquos — savages who recently revolted against the 
 French in New Caledonia; but, from whatever cause, there was no doubt that 
 amongst the masses the North American continent was assigned almost exclusively 
 to the United States and Mexico. 
 
 TROPHY. 
 
 The trophy which could not be commenced until the design had been accepted 
 by the French, was shipped on 29th January, and arrived in Havre on 28th February. 
 Although the Palace was to have been ready for exhibits on the 1st January, tho 
 Trophy tower was not covered in until March, nor was tho glazicg completed and 
 rain excluded until after the opening in May. As it was foreseen that this work 
 could afford no loss of time, it was determined that it should be made in Canada, of 
 Canadian woods, and, like the cases, be an exhibit of our woods and workmanship ; 
 and that it should bo sent over in charge of a competent officer of the Depai'tment 
 of Public Works, familiar with its construction, by whom it could be erected in the 
 best manner and with the least loss of time. Mr. D. Bwart, architect, was selected 
 for this purpose, and he accompanied the work and thus secured the greatest despatch^ 
 in foi-warding it. 
 
 CASES. 
 
 The erection of our cases was also a work of some considerable extent, providing 
 as they did nearly a quarter of a mile of frontage. They were planned witn frames, 
 like glass doors of uniform size, nearly three feet in width and eleven feet in 
 height; provided with a certain number of bevelled corners by which they could be 
 put together, as squares or obiopgf, octagons, L's or T's, and they owed a gi>eat deal 
 of their popularity to this circunastance. In plan, in woods, in workmanship, as well 
 as in general effect, they were unsui-passed by any in the Exhibition. A Bussian 
 Commissioner expressed an intettion to adopt the system in the future as the best he 
 had over seen, and the Architect of the United States Commission pi'onounced them 
 the best in the building, not on account of the woods and workmanship, which were 
 familiar to him, but, (as he said) as being the best adapted to the requirements of 
 tho position. 
 
 The exterior fronts (or sashes) only, wei'c prepared in Canada, and tops, bottoms, 
 partitions, and cloth or paper linings were needed to fit them for tho reception of 
 exhibits. The lumber for this was supplied by the packing cases. The fitting of 
 tho mitres,of mouldings for corners, and the hanging of doors, had to be done with, 
 the erection. 
 
 Ornamont«l arches, walleries, minor Tronhies= screens, gneciftl ootinteM and 
 shelving, &c,, made up the work of the installation, and, without the Trophy, would, 
 have lequired an architect's services. It was most fortunate, therefore, tor the 
 Commission that we had in Mr. Bwart, an able and energetic architect, for this work 
 of installation, as tho cases having been designed and partly made at the Government 
 
14 
 
 -workshop, OUnwo, ho was as familiar with thomas with tho Ti'ophy. Shortly aftortho 
 Trophy ertM'tion was coiiinionccd, a yoiii\£( Canadian, Mv. W. Bryinncr, formerly 
 empli)yod as draughtsman in tho offico of tho chief architoct, at Ottawa, arrived in 
 Paris lo pursue art study, and as our work was in three dillcront phiec^, tlio Seftion, 
 tho Annexe, and the Trophy Tower, he was temporarily engaged to assihi, Mr. Kwart, 
 who, at one time, had nearly fifty men employed. Wo could not allbrd to adopt the 
 "rule of thumb" in any thing — in Paris. Every decoration, arch, &c., was determined 
 by u drawing, and to this fact more, than to any other, tho successful result of tho 
 <owf e/ist'm^/e is to bo attributed. Every Commission had one or more architects or 
 engineers, as members or attaches, and Canada occupied a larger and more prominent 
 space than some of those. The French Administration embraced over twenty 
 ongineeis and architects. Of the smaller countrios,Svvitzorland, Greece and Laxemburg, 
 Portugal, Tunis, Sweden, Denmark, Morocco, San Marin, all had architects upon their 
 Commission, and tho first three both engineers and architects. In fact, an itispoction 
 of tho Champ do Mars at once shows that tho great effect pro.luced is chiefly duo to 
 urchitecturo and engineering. 
 
 POTATO BUCt. 
 
 Allhough exempt from Custom house search, (tho Exhibition building having 
 been constitutea a bondxjd waiohoxise,) Canada and the United States, as the only pro- 
 ducers of the potato bug, wore subjected to tho provisions of a law by which cases 
 could only bo op^ed under inspection and all packing material must bo burned on 
 the spot. This caused some delay, as the inspector could not always be found when 
 wanted. Allhough an iron furnace was brought into our section, no bugs were found, 
 and, fortunately for all parties, no burning was attempted as it might have gone 
 farther than was intended. 
 
 INSTALLATION. 
 
 For tho work of installation, where so much has to bo done in so short a time, 
 the Commission was decidedly short handed. It was, however, fortunate in securing 
 the service of volunteers; Mr. A. J. Potter, formerly of Toronto, but now a resident 
 of Paris, took a warm interest in our Exhibition and rendered numerous and important 
 services to tho Commission gratuitously ; Mr. McElroy, also a former resident of 
 Toronto, but now in the United States, was an exhibitor in the United Slates' section 
 immediately adjoining Canada. Energetic and experienced in matters of this descrip- 
 tion, he volunteered to aid the Commission in preparing for the opening. Mr. K. 
 Malcolm, one of the largest Canadian exhibitors, also from Toronto, and one of tho foAV 
 who remained in Paris after completing his own work, offered his services generally 
 to aid the Commission, and they proved of much value. 
 
 In tho original allotment of space by tho Eoyal Commission, Canada and the 
 larger Australian colonies were placed immediately adjoining tho Mother Country, 
 and a narrow strip between us and the United States was reserved for the smaller 
 colonies.. 
 
 As we required more floor space than was granted us, as well as a good deal of 
 wall space, which the partition between the United States' and the British section 
 aflbrded us, we made an earnest application for extension to tho United States' 
 boundary. The difficulty was how to provide for the smaller colonies if ejected, all 
 the British space being taken up. They could only be accommodated by closing up 
 the Indian exhibits in the grand vestibule, but to admit them into such company a 
 costly pavilion was necessary. We had to contend with this question of cost, and a 
 very natural opposition to the proposed, condensation on the part of tho architoct of 
 the Indian court. However, our .claims were supported by His Eoyal Highness (not- 
 withstanding the unfavorable effect on his magnificont Indian collection), by tho Hon. 
 Mr. Meade, Under Secretary for the Colonies, by Sir John Eoso and Sir Philip Owen, 
 
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 ».i vv,. wmn howovor called ijuon at n Inter diiio lo con 
 t:;tr ;^r.li;Hi^'tr::lnl S^r^il'Snl; U. .niu . 'onios, who™ wo had 
 
 ^^''^' ^'rr ibr'u.e\^!;:^virK^^ ln>-e<l for the occuBion, arul after 
 
 Iho g a.B 1 ^'. .\ '*;, '\"^''^^^^^^^^ i ,vas decidcl that plato glass was the only k.n( 
 
 exponmcnx.ng w th v^^ ^„^ ,1^ /, , U.i« put in, guaranteed 
 
 KUitablo for the l''",^^^''"' "'^'^, J,":,.',.., .. ^,^^l „„ ,„-catm- tlmii would have been required 
 
 and casiiig iu the co utnns f ..^^^^o counto^^^^^ oHom ^^ |^ ^^^^.^^^^ 
 
 eacli column the co'^^e of " case .^^^ Pl^c n^ wero^toppcd twice for trespass, 
 standing that ^^^^ P'^'f^l^^ .^'""[>,J^''.''Si S^^ the same us that of 
 
 r^K^^h^r b't^rtt old wo e aU as it was evident we 
 
 the lu-ench one, but in ^"" """f '\, ,.: f^^t and must go other immedi- 
 
 could not cut our cases to conform to the '^5!^'^*'^2;^\7j^,^^^^^ U^^d the centre 
 
 ately behind the columns or be^oi^ethem^^^ ^^^1 ^, ,,„t,^l 
 
 glass, this glass was silvered, giving at the cosi oi loi columns 
 
 iin-or to each case froim^^^^^^ 
 
 on each side, we had foui teen ot thcho " "^1*'^^'^ ^ ^.^^, ^ery brilliant. The seven 
 they were in all cases opposite J?, .^^^^^^'^^i^;*^^ above the cases and 
 
 colimns upon one si^ie were lUilizedb^^^^^ Dominion, and 
 
 :^ ]^ o^pS ^X-Slf Vr ciS: ibrmmg the capitals of these 
 ^'°1-he entrances to our section from the British, the American and the Australian 
 
 was stopped from Uh March to 2"^ Ainil. ine ^ ^ ^^ ^^^.^ 
 
 section which adjoined the 'garden frontage ^f ?^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the line without 
 
 the end of April, and ^^^^ing could be placed w^^ ot ^^^.^^^^^.^^ 
 
 cxpoHure to the rain These ^ero^^^P'^^^/^^^ Qui pos^Uon at this time is explained 
 rrS%!^'^^r^'^\^ ion. E,^Syfalr, to the Premier of the 
 Dominion. 
 
 « Paris, 26th April, 1818. 
 
 inspection of the Exhibition in ^y capa.. y o C^y;^"^^^^^^^^^ Dopart- 
 
 of the Eoyal Commission, before the! nncootVY^^^^^^ ^^^ admirable 
 
 ment four (layB hence. ^ «f f ^^'^ ff JXbiS^^'Tt ^the only Colony which 
 position which Canada has taken in thejixhibit^^^^^^ it is ^ ^ ^^^^^^ .^ 
 
 will be ready for the Prince's inspection on JJo^day next in p y ^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
OHpoclully, r hutl no idoa thntCunadii win so fur mlvunco'l, in fact, nil your oxhibition 
 will do much honor to tho Dominion, and I have no doubt contribute to its national 
 proHpority. You havo choaon your a^'onU well, and they havodono thoir work woll. 
 
 " Yours sincoroly, 
 
 ..IT A T^r r. ,. "LYON PLAYFAIH. 
 
 "Hon. A. Mackenzie, Ottawa." 
 
 CLASSIFICATION". 
 
 Tho Exhibition was divided inta nino groups, embracing in all 90 clussos, and 
 Canada exhibited in all tho groups and in two-thirds of tho clasHos. Tho groups woro 
 U8 follows: — * 
 
 °'°"P- No. of Classes in Group. 
 
 1. Works of art 5 
 
 2. Education, processes of liberal arts, &c .'.".'..'.!!..'.*. 11 
 
 3. Eurnituro and accessories ......'.'.. 13 
 
 4. Textile fabrics, clothing, &c ..!'.'.*.!'.'..'.*.".*..*.*.*.*.* 13 
 
 5. Mining industries, raw and manufactured prodacts...".'.'.. 7 
 
 6. Apparatus and proces'^os in mechanical industries 19 
 
 7. Cereals, farinaceous products and their derivations 7 
 
 8. Agriculture and pisciculture y 
 
 9. Horticulture ..*.*.'.*...', A 
 
 Of tho 90 classoa into which these groups were divided, Canada exhibited in 6a, 
 The classes in which we did not exhibit wore Class No. 1— oil paintings: 23-cutlerv • 
 24-gold and silversmith's work; 25-bronzo3; 28-porfumery ; 31-linon thread,- 
 36-shawls; 39— jowoUory and precious stones ; 40— firearms, &c. ; 48-procc8se3 for 
 bleaching cloth printing, &c. ; 56 and 5Y-apparatu8 for spinning and weavinc^: 59— 
 machines for making furniture; 61— machines for making small arUcIos : 68— mili- 
 tary material ; 70— bread and pastry; 77— horses; 78- oxen, &c.; 79 -sheep; 80— 
 pigs ; 81— poultry ; 83 -dogs ; 83— hoes, cochineal and silk-worms, useful and noxious 
 insects; 84— live fish, &c.; 85— c( sorvatones; 87— vegetables; 88— fruit trees; 
 89— forest troos, and 90,— groen-house plants. Of tho 30 classes above named which 
 do not figure m our catalogue, there are not more than half-a-dozen in which wo could 
 not have exhibited, in many instances successfully. 
 
 No space was allotted to us in the Art Gallery or tho Machinery Gallery, and no 
 effort was therefore required from us to exhibit in either, nor would it have been 
 desirable, under the circumstanes, that wo should havo attempted a display in either 
 of these departn.ents. We might have made a respectable figure in machinery, but 
 only at cost which would not havo been wan-anted under the circumstances. The 
 exhibition of our manufactures indicated the character of the machinery required to 
 produce them. Wo wore deficient in some exhibits ; avo had no furs. Manufacturers 
 objected to expose valuable furs to heat, light and dust (as well as risk tVoft) for 
 8IX months. A good collection, and none other should be exhibited, woula liave beon 
 costly, and the same money would cover more ground in other arti -■ - f'ii Mng 
 none of our manufacturers were sending, we applied unsuccessfully to tiio Hudson 
 Jiay Company, who had exhibited at Philadelphia. Wo had no oil-cloths (they wore 
 expected, othei-wise would havo been purchased), crockery and other minor articles 
 find m several classes our exhibits were not tho best wo could have sent. Many 
 varieties (of the classes exhibited) which were shown at Philadelphia wore not sent to 
 Jt'aris. Mttny Canadians ^ uo 11 anguished themselves at the Centennial did not enter 
 for Pans. 
 
 The uncertainty abocv tk .otvo which would be granted to us, the final allot- 
 
 4.°j Do^_av!ng ,)eer! rcccivod until October, hampered the Commission, as we could 
 
 not determine how fhr bulky exhibits such as agricultural machines, carriages and 
 
 Doats Could be provided for. Of those as well as some other exhibits, we could com- 
 
 , f* 
 
mm 
 
 ^mm- 
 
 mand more thiin wmh wanlod, but tho proolrto mmntity c xild not Im doforminod uniil 
 tho Hjdiuo (iiiostion wm Hottlod, und until it was kfiowii that other articloH 
 prorniKcd would bo Hhipjwd. Our nnaco in tlio main building waH doHnod, but that 
 in tho antioxo was not HoLtled until tlio oxhibitM arrived. C)ur position in tho Annoxo 
 WftH himibvr to that in tho Section, UM it was bi.tvToon (Jroat Urilian and tho llnitod 
 Stales, and wo coidd oidy obtain about half iho floor space rc(iuirod. Wo proposed 
 to widen our soction to the diinonsir)i.s oflho United States annoxo, whieli was much 
 wider than that of Kn^rland. This would have involved tho rem )v,il of some Irooi 
 that had been planted in the angle formed bv tho projection of tho United StatoH 
 annexe, and on that account, posMil)ly, oiii application failed. Wo wore, thoroforo, 
 coinnelled to coriMtruct i^allorioH for tho carriages, giving tho floor to agricultural 
 michinoryas tho more important in torost. One carriage exhibitor has complaioel 
 of this arrangement. *^ 
 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 In all tho raw products, of agriculture, the forest, tho mine and tho fisheries, tho 
 Commission cuild secure a represonlativo exhibit, those tields to a groat extent being 
 under the ('otit ol of the Government. But in tho important class— Manufacturert, 
 that wliich H^iowed tho progresH and civilization of the country, wo wore, in tho 
 absence of the jiurchase Hystem pursued on former occasions of exhibitions in l^^urope, 
 dcponderit upon tho enterprise of individuals ; and although numerous applications 
 for space had been received, tlio result could not be determined until shipment was 
 actually ma«Je. It was desirable that our exhibit of manufactui-es should bo more 
 varied than extensive ; indeed, if the latter it could not be made upon the limi'.od 
 upace assigned. In the majority of cases, samples ordy could bo exhibited. 
 
 The Dominion having in th« North- West a groat 'lield for immigration, tho object 
 of tho ComnuBsion was to show not only our agricultural and mineral capabilities, but 
 the existing st'ito of manufactures, that the immigrant might know what he could 
 procure in tho country, and at what price. It was no doubt due to tho variety in a 
 ttmall ctmipass, as much as to the quality of the articles exhibited that tho Canadian 
 section received such general commendation from visitors. Standing in the centre 
 of the Canadian court, the visitor, without changing his position, could see a greater 
 variety of exhibits than in any other court, and the natural impression created was 
 that tho couniiy (of which perhaps ho had before heard little) produced almost every- 
 thing. Another cause of success was its completeness; in this respect it was more 
 so than that of tho Mot;hor Country. Eui^land made no national exhibit in geology 
 botany or civil engineering, and for an exhibit of these at Paris, tho collective British 
 empire was mdobted to Canada, The Canadian mineral collection was, owing'to the 
 energy and ability of Mr. A. R. C. Selwyn, F.R.S., F.G.S., tho Directorjof tho 
 Lreoiogical Survey, one of the largest, most complete and interesting on tho Champ 
 de Mars. An editor from one of tho American cities on tho Canadian frontier volun- 
 teered tho opinion that the Canadian exhibition was superior to that of his'own 
 nation, in that it gave a better idea of the country to a stranger ; and the editor of 
 Engineering, tho highest authority, said that our Engineering Court was one of the 
 most interesting in the whole Exhibition. These two exhibits each received the 
 highe-it award— the " Diplome d'honneur," equivalent to a "Grand Medal." 
 
 All our exhibits were illustrations. The photographs gave a vivid idea of 
 Canadian life, yports, costumes and scenery. 
 
 Another cau.so of success was the exceptional size of some of our exhibits We 
 had the largest tree, thcr largest minerals, the largest map, and the most lofty trophy 
 m the hxhibition. There being no galleries in tho Palace ofthe Champ de Mars, the 
 trophy was ascended by tens of thousands to get a view not to be had from any other 
 quarter The Dominion map was not only remarkable tor its ^ize— in execution it 
 reflected tho highest credit upon Mr. J. Johnston, Chief Draftsman Department of 
 Interior, and his assistants. 
 2* 
 
.- ♦/ . 
 
 -^^^ - 
 
 DECORATION OF TJfOPHY. 
 
 The clothin/i,- oi- decoration of the Trophy was a somewhat embi;rra8sing question 
 to (leal with, beiause it admitted of so much variety of treatment. By the terms of 
 the cotice.ssion the Trophy was to represent the "products and manufactures" of 
 Canada. A finished architectural exhibit in itself, it was, unclothed, an exhibit of 
 woods and workmanship ; but it was intcn-'ed, with its surroundings, to be an 
 epitome ol the country. For decoi-a^lon, flags and escutcheons were resorted to. The 
 centre of both the uppe?- balconies, with their eight faces (four to each), were' 
 milized for the display of eight escutcheons,— those of the Dominion and her seven 
 Provinces, supported by flags; and the four sides of the lower balcony had each three 
 escutcheons, thus representing twelve of the principal cities of Canada. The four 
 side3 of the Trophy were, as tar as prac:icable, treated wit^ exhibits representing the 
 field, the forest, the mine and the sea. The principal front wus assigned to agricul- 
 ture, and a ])lough of sujierior worinnanship was planted on the balcony railing over 
 the main entrance below. Harrows and other agricultural implements were 
 suspended above or grouped between the openings in the framework. The side 
 assigned to the forest was opposite the smaller trophy of wood in the rough, and was 
 decorated with various manufactures of wood The opposite face, devoted to the sea 
 Illustrated our shipping interests by models of vessels, cordage, tacklitrg, stecrin<r! 
 wJieeis,etc. The remaining face, the mine, was the one opposite our coal troph? 
 and fiu-ingthe British iMachinery (lallory, and could only bo practicully illustrated by 
 manufactures^, the products of the mine, as we could "not suspend or attach raw 
 minerals to the trophy. This would have been unnecessary, because we had a smaller 
 trophy showmg our minerals, opposite that side of the grand Trophy which was 
 devoted to the sea. The Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific slopes of the Dominion were 
 represented by specimens of the black, white and giizzly bear, on each side of the 
 doorways, holding baskets for visitors' cards. 
 
 The Trophy cases were dressed in a very efFcctive manner by Dr May The 
 two front ones were occupied by plumbago and petroleum, crude and manufactured • 
 of the other two, one was filled with the smaller manufactures of leather wood and 
 lion, and the other with " food products," samples of grain, bottles of ale' wine^ and 
 liquors, models of fruits (naturM size), apples, pears, peaches, plums,— admirablv 
 exo-uted— preserved fruits and fish, salmon, lobster, etc. The cases of petroleum and 
 plumbago in the Trophy were equal to anything of the kind in the building and both 
 exhibits received the gold medal, as well as the decoration of the Legion of Honor 
 
 Dr^Miiy also arranged in a most effective manner th^ Food Court in the Section 
 of which the numerous and fine fish of our inland waters was the most conspicuous 
 feature, together with game, fruits and cereals. The entrance to this iourt was sur- 
 mounted by a tr phy composed of full sized and well colored models of Canadian 
 held and garden vegetables. 
 
 ^, IJP^".^ counter under the large map of the Dominion was exhibited specimens 
 of 'Flora Canadensis " a collection of 2,769 species arranged in their natural order 
 by Frofe8^>or Macoun, of Belleville, who also exhibited a collection of 140 species of 
 Canadian medicinal plants in general use. 
 
 SMALLER TROPHIES. 
 
 Of the four smaller trophies around the larger ones, those on the two sides and 
 the rear were almost the same height, 18 feet; but the one in front was simply a ' 
 counter with a glass case covering a massive block of plurabaffo. This was kept low 
 80 as not to interfere with the view of the visitor on ente'i-ing as it lav directly 
 between him and the front of the grand Trophy. j j 
 
 Among the smaller trophies. 1 he timber one, in nousoquonoe of its cont'dninc 
 the section and plank of the Douglas fir tree, eight feet in diameter, from' British 
 V'* T u ' ^*^^*'''*^'^®^ "^^i"® sittention than anything else exhibited. An inscription 
 stated that the tree from which these were cut was over 300 feet in height and 566 
 
 
"----■^-iS'i." 
 
 19 
 
 -^V 
 
 
 years o d and that it wan 183 years old whon Columbus discovered America The 
 age could bo vonhcd by counting the ring,s, tbe dia.netoi- was before Ihem aid was 
 a guaran ee of the height and everybody understood a tree, and almost everybrdy 
 had heard o Coiumbu.. The ru.tic vi.sitor amidnt m much to bemlder hi n wa^ 
 evnlently plea.ed w.th meeting with son.elh.ug he could understand .mdhouce 
 
 <.,. '^^Vk ^'?^i^'J "^n crowned at the top with a growing specimen of the i-arae ever- 
 g-ecn, the ' Ab.e. Douglasii," procured from one of the nursery exhibits ou side the 
 palace. The coal trophy was supplie I by the Nova Scotia coal owners aM was ?n 
 ^le lorm of a pyra.n.d w.lh a timbered gallery or tu-mel through the base n which 
 was acoal truck on rails. The base was supplied by thePictouOual A^socia io"i fn^m 
 
 he Albion Aaad.entercolonial, Vale and Wa Scotia mines; and the od f Z 
 twelve of the Cape Breton mines. The mineral trophy was composed of o. r krS 
 masses of ,ron, copper phosphates, &c., surmounted b/a lax-ge gilt octahedron S 
 .senting in the fo.m of a gold crystal the actual bilk, in thlt shape of the toS 
 (luantity of gold produced in Canada up to 1877. ^ '' 
 
 The Trophy tower was not opened to the public until June, because until the 
 glazing of the sides was completed wo could not^•isk our exhibits wherMLdrlin^ 
 
 am storms so frequent in Paris, would reach them. The Prince of Wales ascended 
 the upper balcony where he tasted some samples of native Canadian wine and 
 
 -mr?'' i^ir r'^^f-'^t'^" '■" ^h« warmest terms with the Trophv and i decoration. 
 His Koya lIigh.Mess moreover cabled his opinion to Ottawa. " "ecoiationg. 
 
 JiiXbibiis were coming forward until the latter part of June. The fine mans of 
 the bt. Lawrence IromLake Ontario to Quebec, sent by the Montreal Harbo? Com 
 missioners, did not arrive until the 17th June. "^ "aioor uom- 
 
 v.^lt'^'^u'^'f 'J^''"l''iy with the coal and mineral trophies were presented to the 
 Jrench, who have decided to reserve that portion of the Palace of thi Champ deMai^ 
 fronting the Se.ne for a g,-and museum, and who have expresse I great Sisfaction 
 with th.s di«po.s.tion of the Canadian trophies. The grand Trophf was 0/00^-^0 
 stripped of Its decorations and exhibits. In itself it could probably be uUli?oi byo,Ir 
 CTOvernment or people for contributions to the French museum, and to bn-ni Ser 
 dtir;1rsetd^,h:r ^"^' ^' ^'"" '^^--'^^^^^ '''''' manufactures as we m^*'&>pTa:d 
 
 COLONIAL MUSEUM. 
 
 The question of a Colonial Museum, which has been agilated for years was 
 naturally tn.a.n up afresh on this occasion of the finest display which has" over 'been 
 made by the ompu-e and her colonies. Canada was invited to join the other colonie^ 
 in an addj-oss to the Pnnce of Wales, thanking him for the acUve personal in eS 
 he had taken in he Exhibition. Doubtless, the fact that the Prince had given so 
 much personal attention to the work of the British Commission at Paris, suggested 
 the Idea that ho would consent to place hims<>lf at the head of a Colonia Mmmm 
 
 shown in the following extracts. "We believe that the erection of a pre manent 
 Colonial Museum in London, where the products and manufactiu-es of Her Maje-^tv's 
 'm',1 n '"^ possessions might at all times be on view, would diffuse throughout the 
 Mother Coun ry a l,etter knowledge of the nature and importance of the Surces 
 of the several dependencies of the Empire, would facilitate its commercial relations 
 and aid the researches of men of science. It would assist in marking the progres^ 
 achieved from time to time, and afford valuable information to intondUig emigmnte 
 We therefore venture to approach your Eoyal Highness with the earnest prayer that 
 you may be pleased to further the movement b/giving to U your personal interest 
 anu co-operation The nucleus of such a collection as is contemplS might be at 
 <mce commenced with articles now in Paris, and we hog of your Eoval Highness to 
 
 IZatlon^fn^f ?^""rK-^^ using your influence to .e.are at^eaat tei^rai^ accom- 
 modation for their exhibition in London until further steps can be taken. 
 
20 
 
 The Prince, in reply, said : " I avail myself of the opportunity of expressing 
 my warm acknowledgement to the Governments of the various colonies you repre- 
 Bent, for the cordiality with which they acted on my invitation, as President of the 
 Royal Commission, to participate in the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878, and my 
 thanks are no less due to you, fellow Commissioiiei's, for hearty efficient co-oporation 
 afforded during its progress. The remarkable display of colonial produce and 
 manufactures cannot but have impressed all who have witnessed it, with the rapid 
 progi-ess which the dilleront colonies have made, and with the great future which 
 awaits them. I agree with you in thinking that many advantage? would flow from 
 the eHtablishment, in London, of a museum displaying, in an adequate measure, the 
 varied and rich productions of the colonies. The practicability, however, and the 
 mode of carrying into etfect such a scheme, must necessarily require mature delibera- 
 tion on the part of your respective Governments, and its success must depend upon 
 their readiness to provide means to found and su];^ :t it. But, wishing to promote 
 an idea containing so much to recommend it, and presented to me from my fellow 
 woikers in the exhibition, it will give me pleasure in the meantime to apply to the 
 Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851 fo'- the space requisite for the preservation 
 during the ensuing year, of such goods as you may desire to retain as a nucleus of a 
 permanent collection. During this interval, time will bo afforded to your Govern- 
 ments for the necessary considerations of the scheme, and, meanwhile, I can but 
 assure you of the warm interest with whicth I shall continue to regard every pro- 
 posal tending to knit more closely the colonies with each other and with the Empire 
 at large." 
 
 A strong desire was expressed by Sir John Rose and Sir Philip Owen to secure 
 the Canadian cases for the proposed Colonial Museum in the event of its becoming a 
 fact — Canada to be credited with their cost. The Canadian Government decided to 
 offer the cases and other Government exhibits in wood, mineral and agricultural 
 pi'oducts, and natural history specimens to Kensington Museum upon the conditions 
 of their being handed over to the Colonial Museum, if and when established, and of 
 their being accepted as they stood at Paris. Some difficulty arose as to who would 
 provide the cost of packing and transfer to London. The Kensington Museum had 
 no funds for the purpose, there being no absolute gift to it, while the Museum for 
 which they wei'e intended was not in existence. 
 
 Sir Philip Owen has, however, assumed these disbursements on the understanding 
 that should the scheme of a Colonial Museum fall through, the Canadian exhibits, 
 cases included, are to be sold for account of the Government of Canada, less the 
 amount advanced by Sir Philip to bring them to London. As our instructions 
 from Ottawa were to hell these exhibits where they stood in Paris, failing their 
 acceptance by Kensington on the terms proposed, the arrangement is evidently the 
 most advantageous for tJanada, — as, without further outlay, free storage being 
 provMed by His Royal lIi<4hno^s the Prince of Wales, it postpones the sale, and 
 transfers it from Paris to London, substituting a sale at leisure for a forced one 
 under the worst conditions. None of those exhibits except wood wore merchantable, 
 and they could have brought but a fraction of their value in a market so overstocked 
 as Paris was at the close of the Exhibition. 
 
 RETURN OP EXHIBITS. 
 
 Instead of returning exhibits free of expense to the owner, as we did for the 
 Centennial, and as was dono at Paris by the United States, Swolen, and all other 
 countries except England and Franco, the CDtnmission had engaged to sell them for 
 the o'viior, and had provided that they would be sold tor his account unless ordered 
 back t»y him at his special request and expense. 
 
 On our arrival in Paris we found that the Royal Commission had no room to 
 Bpare in their empty case shed, and wo could only preserve our empty packing cases 
 by leasing a lot and erecting a shed, or paying storage and cartage rates as well as 
 
 f- 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
J^Het^ 
 
 _i2Si 
 
 ill 
 
 insurance in either case. The cases belonging to the Government exhibits were not 
 to bo roturnod, but were intended to be used as lumber for the installation. As we 
 required more lumber than the Government cases would supply, it was decided that 
 it would bo cheaper to use the material of all cases rather than store any, and, if 
 necessary, make them up again from the same material, which we were obliged to 
 remove after the close of the Exhibition. The lumber required for the installation 
 if purchased in Paris would have cost us $3,000, or moi-e than the cost of making up 
 all the return packing cases required. 
 
 SALES. 
 
 T 
 
 t 
 
 At an early stage it appeared as if almost everything would [be sold, as the 
 Canadian prices generally compared favorably with European ones, especially in all 
 those manufactures in which the products of the forest or of agriculture furnished 
 the raw materials, as woolens, leather and its manufactures, carriages, boats, agri- 
 ciiltural machines and implements, wooden ware, broom^t, &c. If delivery could have 
 been at once made, many visitors from outside of Paris would have purchased, who 
 were unwilling to do so and wait the close of the Exhibition, taking all risks in the 
 meantime As it was, Canada sold as much in proportion as other foreign countries. 
 Sales at the close of the Exhibition were under the disadvantage of being in a measure 
 forced upon a glutted market from which nearly all but Parisians had retired. 
 
 An inspection of invoices after the " N"ewfield" sailed from Montreal showed in 
 some cases prices which we could not hope to realize, and in consequence a ciroular 
 was sent on 30th November, 1877, requesting the exhibitor to notify the Commission 
 at Paris before 1st May, 187^ whether his goods were to be sold or returned at his 
 expense, and if sold, whether the invoice values were the lowest which could bo 
 accepted. To those who took no notice of this circular, application was again made 
 on 19th September, 1878, for instructions. At the close of the Exhibition a number 
 of exhibitors had failed to give any instructions, and had thrown upon the Com- 
 mission the responsibility of dealing with their property under the regulation as to 
 sale. The question was how far the power to " sell" gave the power to "slaughter;" 
 and also, in the absence of any instruction, whether the Commission would be war- 
 ranted in making any greater discount than the cost of returning the goods, without 
 becoming liable to the owner. For some goods no offer at all had been received, and 
 for others the offers could not be accepted. If there was a determinatic" to sell at 
 any price, the only safe course would be by auction, and as this was not permitted 
 within the Exhibition, it was necessary to withdraw the articles from bond by paying 
 duty and octroi, transport them to a Paris auction room, absuming all charges of sale 
 and storage, and take the risk of what might have been bid upon articles which had 
 been exposed for six months before all the world without finding a purchaser. There 
 was no certainty that the goods would bring the amount which thi Commission must 
 have advanced to bring them to sale, which in evciy ease would have been many 
 times more than the cost of re-shipping CO. D. to Canada. The latter course was 
 therefoio adopted. In many cases the Commission was authoiizod to sell for the 
 best obtainable tcjms, by parties who did not want their goods rcLuined. The com- 
 plaints received from some of these, as to prices obtained, indicnt->, the result which 
 would have followed if we had exercised the implied powers under regulation 19, 
 and had nold all. In only one case was an auction sale attempted. This was furni- 
 ture, the pi'operty of a bankrupt estate which was ordered to be sold, but was some- 
 what dt.maged by exposure in the Exhibition until after the 20th December, it 
 having been under seizure uj) to that time. It had been seized at the instance of 
 New York creditors, who withdrew their seizure after the Commission had closed 
 its labors at Paris. The expenses of sale were about 30 per cent, of the proceeds, and 
 would have been rriuch more if the duties had been based upon the invoice value 
 instead of a mere fraction of that amount. The sale did not realize 15 per cent, of 
 the invoice, and the assignee thieatens the Commission with an action for furniture 
 
slaughtoi-. About 100 exhibitH wore sold by the Commission in whole or in nui-t 
 andfiomosevonty wore roshippoi to Canada, all but about twenty of which came' 
 back by order of the owners. The remainder wore sold or removed bv exhibitors or 
 their agents in H^urope. '^ 
 
 RETUJ{N FREIGHT. 
 
 Tenders wore taken for the freight on return goods and the lowest was accepted, 
 ihe rate of 50 shillings sterling per ton measurement, covering all charges from the 
 exhibition buildings to destination on the route of the Grand Trunk Railway, was a 
 Bufficiont prr-e. The contractor was the Rapid Foreign Express, " Lo Francois & 
 Co., US Broadway, New York," professing to represent the Messageries Parisiennes. 
 on whose stamped paper the tender was made, and whose bills of lading wore used by 
 them. Mr Perrault, the French Secretary, reported favorably as to the standing and 
 characer of the company. The goods have come forward with rates in all wJ^eB 
 about double that expected, one of the charges being insurance which, if effected, Avas 
 not authorized by the Commission. Our regulations throw the onus of insurance on 
 the exhibitor. 
 
 REGULATIONS. 
 
 1 St. The rogulations give the Commission the right of selecting and excludinff 
 articles inconsistent with the purpose and decorum of the Exhibition. This does not 
 give the right to exclude articles which by their bulk or weight would be, in pro- 
 portion to their value, excessively costly to transport and handle. We had two 
 monum^ents and a bulky piece of flour mill machinery, which, not finding purchasers 
 had to be returned at a heavy expense to the owners. The exhibitors Were not only 
 not excluded by the regulations, but had been invited to send by the circulars and 
 advertisements issued Each of the above massive exhibits leceivcd the silver medal 
 Which should be considered as compensation for the expense which they involved Upon 
 such an oocasion as this it is very questionable whether a Commission would be 
 justihed in refusing an exhibit upon which we paid the freight outward, because it 
 was expansive to handle. There was a vast diflerence in this respect between an 
 exhibitor of agricultural machinery ai.d one of buttons, butboth were equally eligible 
 under the invitations issued, for the benefit of free carriage to Paris ^ -^ ^ ' 
 • . ■ I^i^"3^ \^ assumed that the articles to be forwarded, can' in all cases be 
 
 inspected before shipment, but on this occasion exhibitors had only a few months for 
 preparation and were working to the last moment before packing to ship by the 
 Newfield. It would have been impossible to have detained them in more than a 
 hundred local, ties for inspection- by any ordinary staff. Moreover, when the space 
 18 taken and the country committed to fill it, it is not safe to reject anything until it 
 18 known that somtthing better can be procured ; and in such cases it is always better 
 to have too much than too little. It is impossible to determine accurately before- 
 hand .he quantity of various exhibits required to fill a given space. As regards the 
 mam space that must be filled with the best material obtainable, and to secure this 
 jt IS desirable that tfiere should be a suflicient annexe as a store-room or warehouse to 
 be drawn upon for this purpose. The elasticity secured by this system will prove 
 
 ^ ] 
 
 COST. 
 
iW!«a,g«i«««««n..««..>. .■^.,-.-. 
 
 n^ 
 
 26 
 
 W our expendiiuio had beoii in proportion to that of ono of the Austialiati coloniuH, 
 with not one-fourth of oui population, and occupying loss than one-fouvth of the space 
 wo did at Paris, it would have been doubled. 
 
 All our surroundings wore expensive. Mr. Frederick Young states that " four- 
 teen of Iho priucip.J Biitish exhibitors spent amongst them in the general industrial 
 gnllery, no less a sum than £80,000 sterling, all but £l,7<iO of which was the outlay 
 of private individuals." In the machinery galley twelve British exhibitors expended 
 £31,700 in freight, fittings and wages. The outlay for decorative jjuiposes, however, 
 formed but a small percentage of the expenditure. The exhibition of our public 
 works, involving a considerable outlay in maps, plans and models was a new feature, 
 as were the Canadian trophies, whifh, from their character and position, could not 
 be rudely dealt with. The hand-book with its maps, sections and descriptive 
 catalogue, was also a now feature in our practice. A large portion of the information 
 in this hiind-book was prepared by Mr. F. J. Falding, of the Department of Justice. 
 The cases were an exhibit as well as a necessary part of our stock, and the extra 
 expenditure upon them in wood, workmanship and glass did more to laise the whol« 
 chai actor of our exhibition than the same amount could have done if expended in any 
 other manner. 
 
 Over three thousand dollars were paid for space, Canada being obliged to construct 
 galleries in the portion of the annexe purchased at a cost of £300 from the Eoyal 
 Commission. 
 
 In vicAvof all the surroundings, the Commission reported to Ottawa in March, 
 187H, what the probable outlay at Paris would bo, and this estimate was revised in 
 June, showing that about half the appropriation would be required for expenditure 
 upon the other side of the Atlantic, fhis estimate has not been exceoaed. 
 
 The outlay for cases, trophy, maps, &c., hand-book, space, models and photograph 
 of public buildings, flags and escutcheons exceeded $40,000, all of which, with the 
 exception of cases, were items which do not figure in the cost of our exhibition at 
 Philadelphia. They were all essential to our success, as owing to the limited space 
 we obtained at Paris, and the meagrenobs of our catalogue as compared with that at 
 Philadelphia— where we had four times the space and four times the number of 
 exhibits — we had to make up for deficient quantity by quality. 
 
 EBSULTS. 
 
 The question will naturally arise. What has Canada gained by this expenditure? 
 The Old World nations have exhibited chiefly f)r the purposes of a market, which, 
 except for raw materials, depends upon legislation more than upon tho cost of produc- 
 tion. Some of them exhibited apparently more as a matter of prestige than of busi- 
 ness. But with America and Australia, while exhibiting their manufactures and raw 
 productions, the prominent idea of their Commissions was to show their country as a 
 field for emigration. 
 
 Canada as tho possessor of the largest tract of unsold arable land nearest to Europe 
 has certainly as much to gain from such an exhibition as any country- in the world. 
 
 Secondly. — Canada has made herself known at Paris in such a manner that, so 
 far as tariffs or treaties may permit, she will have an opportunity to compete with the 
 United States in those manufactures common to both countries, which can find a 
 common market. 
 
 Thirdly. — Tho effect our display must naturally have upon France and other 
 Europeaii countries must do much to secure to us the advantages of tho most favored 
 nation clause in any future negotiations for reciprocal trade. Tho duties upon Cana- 
 dian agricultural machinery and implements on taring F'rance are fr-'^m throe to five 
 times.'greater than upon the same articles imported from England, because Canada is 
 exeludedfrom the operation of the commercial treaty between England and France — 
 altfiough its provisions apply to India cotton and Australian wool and jute. The 
 French " Treaty " Tariff is in force with Great Britain, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, 
 
24 
 
 Sweden and Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, the Ottoman Empire, the 
 German Empire and Russia; but (with the exceptio- above stated in favor of India 
 and Australia) the Treaty applies only to native or manufactured pi'oductions of the 
 European possessions of the contracting parties. 
 
 Lastly. — The effect of this first exhibition by the Dominion was probably as 
 great upon England as upon France, possibly greater than had it taken place in 
 London. As a part of the Empire, we were visited and noticed by English visitors 
 perhaps more carefully than we would have been at London. A new generation has 
 arisen in England since Canada exhibited there in 1862, and England now is ripe for 
 emigration upon an extensive scale. 
 
 LESSONS. 
 
 There were some exhibits at Paris which had a special interest for Canada. One 
 of the mo8tinterestingofthe.se was that of the salt water aquarium on the Quai 
 D'Orsay, devoted chiefly to the exemplification of oyster culture — for which France 
 is famed. 
 
 The export ol' American oysters to Europe for six months in the year have 
 become an important trade, and as time is an element, the fastest steamoi-s aie 
 selected to carry ihem. 
 
 The Canadian oyster beds being nearly two days nearer than the Ameiican ones, 
 and the quality of the oysters superior to the latter, they ought to find a market in 
 Europe if they can be produced in sufficient quantities and be planted where they can 
 be fished and shipped during the winter months. The Gulf oysters have hitherto 
 been excluded from our own markets, except for a month or two in the autumn, by 
 the closing of navigation and the exposure to frost by land carriage. 
 
 OYSTER CULTURE. 
 
 The French mode of cultivation is explained by the exhibitors as follows : — 
 ** On both banks of the Rivers Auray and Trinite are situated thousands, or rather 
 millions, of collectors of spate, which, during the months of June and July, receive 
 the living molecules deposited by the mother oyster. 
 
 " These coUeotors are composed of tiles pierced by two holes, through which a 
 galvanized iron wire is passed to retain them, to the number of twelve, in a crossed 
 position around a fixed stake, the entire arrangement being technically known by the 
 name of a * bouquet' or champignon (mushroom) collector. 
 
 "The tiles used in the construction of these collectors are prepared by being 
 immersed in lime water and then dried in the sun. The collectors are then planted 
 in the oyster parks at low tide. 
 
 "In the separation of the young oy.-ters from the tiles, which takes place in the 
 month of March, two methods are employed. They are either I'emoved with a knife 
 and deposited in cases of galvanized wire netting, to protect them from the depreda- 
 tions of their enemies, such as crabs, shrimps, &o., or the tiles arc so broken that each 
 young oyster remains attached to a portion which atfords it protection. 
 
 "Thus treated it can bo thrown back in the park without danger. Small hurdles, 
 constructed of from four to five scaatlings and plastered with lime, are also used as 
 collectors. Tho-<e are placed in position, one over the other, while the parks are 
 uncovered during low waler of spring tides. 
 
 " h]ach year considerable numbers of tiles and hurdles are placed in the rivers, 
 and the young oysters are gathered by hundreds of miluons." 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 BEET SUGAR. 
 
 The display of beet root sugar at Paris was one of the most suggestive in the 
 Chimp de Mars. France j)Ossesses 500 manufactories, producing 437,800 tons of 
 
25 
 
 Y 
 
 Bugai*|valued at Sfi5,670,000. This is the result of a Napoleonic policy adopted when 
 the blockiule of her ports cut off the supplies of cane sugar. Now, the boot fugai* 
 undersoils cane sugar in the English market. 
 
 Eussia has imitated France's example and is now nearly, if not quite, indepen- 
 dent of the cane; and, as a question of climate, what Eussia has done Canada can 
 undoubtedly do. Our beets, in saccharine qualities, are believed to be superior to 
 those of Franco ; and root cultivation is more beneficial to the country in every 
 respect than grain crops. 
 
 The chief difficulty is that the capital required for the manufacturing "plant" is 
 BO much greater than that required to produce the vegetable one, or i-aw material— 
 that tho first cannot be expected without the guarantee of a supply of the second, and 
 if this cannot be secured in the proper localities, upon .some reliable contract system, 
 the companies must become growers as well as manufacturers of tho boot. 
 
 PAPEE PULP. 
 
 ; 
 
 Belgium made a remarkable display of paper pulp or " pate," showing alno the 
 different woods and grasses which furnish the raw material : amongst these, poplar and 
 other woods abundant in Canada, rank very high. Tho exports of paper from tho United 
 States within the last ten years has grown from nothing to over a million of 'dollars 
 annually. In 1873 the imports of paper into the United States were $1,326,160, and 
 their exports, 8652,832; and in 1878 the imports were $135,487, and the exports, 
 $1,108,318. With our water power and raw material, Canadian paper should bocomo 
 an article of export. 
 
 FEUIT. 
 
 The exhibition of fruit at Paris proved that in almost every kind which our 
 climate produces, Canada would have been a successful competitor. This has become 
 an important r.rticle of export from America to Europe; almost every steamer from 
 New York to Liverpool or London takes from 500 to 1,000 barrels of apples during the 
 autumn and winter months. In one month 90,000 barrels of apples have been landed 
 at Liverpool. In 1861 the exports of fruits from the United States was valued at 
 $269,000; in 1871, $509,000, and in 1877, $2,93 /,025; the increase in five years 
 exceeded 500 per cent. It might be necessary for us to store our ap[)le crop" at 
 Halifax or some other winter port before navigation closes, or before severe iVost, in 
 order to ship throughout the winter, unless frost-proof cars can be afforded which will 
 transport them without freezing or over-heating. 
 
 1 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 The exhibition of the French administration of the *jro.sts, in a special 
 wooden building of great beauty, in the Trocadero Park, contained specimens of all 
 the small manufactures of wood, or of those in which wood formed a purt, as wooden 
 shoes, handles for iron instruments, brush handles, etc. Franco would afford a 
 market not only for our lumber, but for manufactures of wood if tho patterns suited 
 to the wants of the people wore obtained and copied; provided always, that 
 reciprocal trade is ostablishod and return cargoes reeeis'ed. 
 
 PHOSPHATE OF LIME. 
 
 The estimated production of phosphate of lime in France, in 1877, was about 
 120,000 tons of a quality langing between 20 and 40 per cent, of phosphoric acid. As 
 she is a largo importer, a direct trade would give the highest value to the superior 
 Canadian phosphate, which now reaches Fi-ance only through Great Britain. 
 
26 
 
 AWARDS. 
 Tlio numl>er of awaidM made Lo Cuuivda was; — 
 
 (I.) DipIomoK d'hoiinour 3 
 
 (2.) Gold Medals 23 
 
 Qi.) Silver Medals 46 
 
 (4.) Bronze Medala «)2 
 
 (5.) Honorable Mentions 100 
 
 263 
 
 The awards are classed from highest to lowest, as "Grand Medals" and " Gold," 
 "Silver" and " Bronze Medals," and *' Honorable Mentions." Medah were only 
 granted to individuals or private eomjianies or manufacturing firms. Governments, 
 public companies, societies and institutions i-eceived only diplomas oq\iivalent to the 
 raedids, on which diplomas the medals wore embossed, and gilt, silvered or bronz(;d, 
 according to their value. A similar diploma accompanied each medal. Individuals, 
 repiesonting institutions, received only the diploma without the medal. Where 
 several awiu'ds were made to the same exhibitor only one medal, the highest, was 
 granted, with diplomas for the others. 
 
 Canada received two diplomas of the highest class, called " Dipldmes d'honneur," 
 equivalent to a " Grand Medal." These were granted to the Geological Survey and 
 to the Minister of Public Works. She also received 23 gold medals and diplomas, 
 46 of silver, 92 of bronze, and 100 honorable mentions, in all 263 awards. The French 
 authorities in transmitting the awards do not stale the spetitic exhibits for which 
 they were granted, and the diplomas state nothing upon their face except the class in 
 which the award is made. As there f»re several exhibits in the same class made by 
 the exhibitor, there is no means of telling whether the award is for on j or all. For 
 this reason 1 am unable to fill in fully or correctly the column for " Exhibits.'' 
 
 The clas itication was so generalized that in some cases several juries passed upon 
 the same articles, giving different awards. 
 
 Our awards at Paris were more numerous in proportion to the numbei- of 
 exhibitors than at Philadelphia, as at Paris there were 263 awards to 534 exhibitors, 
 and at Piiiladelphia there were 436 "Centennial Medals" to over 2,000 exhibitors. 
 Ovei- 100 of the exhibitors who took medals at Philadelphia in the same classes in 
 which we exhibited in Paris did not send to the latter city ; on the otheihundwehad 
 over 1 00 exhibtors at Paris who were not represented at the Centennial. 
 
 As usual in all these cases there was some injustice done. Some of our best 
 exhibits loceived little notice by the jurors This was owing to the different views 
 taken by i he juries; some awarding only to the best, others to the good in all classes 
 and countries. Some juries gave, therefore, gold and silver medals where others 
 would only have given bronze and honorable mentions. 
 
 The; awards and number of exhibitors by Provinces were as follows : — 
 
 
 Giihibitors 
 
 Grand 
 Medal. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Bronze. 
 
 Honorable 
 Mention, 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Awards. 
 
 Dominion 
 
 1 
 
 328 
 
 lft7 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 "* 21" 
 
 20 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 47 
 
 36 
 6 
 2 
 
 1 
 68 
 26 
 9 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 Ontario 
 
 138 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova v^cotia 
 
 
 88 
 
 
 20 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Prince, Kdward Island.... 
 British Oulumbia 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 Ijauit.iba 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 634 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 46 
 
 92 
 
 100 
 
 264 
 
 NoTB. — Une of the gold medals was graoted to the collective educational exhibit of Ontario and Quebec, 
 and hat been added to both, making the totals for these Provinces one more than received by botk. 
 
Adotailod statemontof awardH will bo found aruioxod to this roport. 
 Out of our total of 534 exhibitorn, nearly otie-thii-d or about 171 were exhibitors 
 of grain saniplos. Those exhibits were treated as a collective one. for which the gold 
 medal was awarded to the Deptiitnaent of Agriculture. It has been determined to 
 grant a certificate from the Canadian Cominission to the contributors to this collective 
 exhibit stating this fact. 
 
 Deducting these 171 exhibitors and the Dominion awards, the remaining 361 
 exhibitors received 255 awards. Of these grain sample exhibitors, 123 wei-e from 
 Ontario, fi\e from Nova Scotia, twelve from Prince Edward Island, four from Mani- 
 toba, and twenty-seven from British Columbia. The Commissioner of Agriculture, 
 Quebec, contributed a collection of fifty-six samples from that Province : Mr. Selwyn 
 also contributed a collection of samples of British Columbian grain. Excluding these 
 171 exhibitoi-8, to whom, collectively, one awai-d was made, the proportion of awards 
 to exhibitors would be as follows : — 
 
 Oatario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova Scotirt ..., 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Prince Edward Island . 
 British Oolumbia ....... 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 No. of 
 Exhibitors. 
 
 No. of 
 Awards. 
 
 205 
 
 107 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 138 
 
 88 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 Percentage 
 Awards. 
 
 per ct. 
 
 67 
 82 
 74 
 75 
 16 
 100 
 
 This explains why Manitoba does not show any awards as a Province. Her 
 exhibits were samples merged in collective ones, or were exhibited through the 
 Dominion Departments. 
 
 I have to acknowledge the support and assistance rendered to me by the Hon. 
 A. Mackenzie, Premier^ the Hon. C. A. P. Pelletier, Chairman, and my fellow 
 Commissioners Sir John Rose, Mr. Gordon Brown, Mr. Drolet and Mr. Duffus, as 
 well as to Mr. Selwyn, who not only ably represented the Department over which 
 he presided, but gave his assistance freely as well in preparation for as during the 
 exhibition, and generally in all matters connected with it. 
 
 In explanation of the length and detail of this report, I would say that I have 
 
 dlt so strongly the absence of similar reports of previous exhibitions, that I have 
 considered it imperative upon me to put upon record the various points which will 
 
 .» 'e to be considered when in the future the country is called upon and decides to 
 embark in another International Exhibition. . 
 
 THOMAS C. KBErER, 
 
 Executive Commissioner, Canadian Commission, Paris Exhibition 1878 
 
 Ottawa, 30th April, 1879. 
 
w 
 
 MM 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 DISTEIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS. 
 
 Commission Canadienne, 
 Exposition UniveR! 
 
 -LB DE 187B. 
 
 yS Rue de Morny, 
 Paris lo 7 decembre. 
 
 MoNSiBiiE LB MiNiSTRB, — Comme un souvenir do la gracieuse reception que 
 vouB et voB honorables collegues ont bion voulu accorder A la Puissance du Canada, 
 lors de sa pvemiore repr^sentntion dans une Exposition Internationale en Europe, je 
 viens, au nom de raon gouvernement vous prier de nous faire I'honneur d'acoepter 
 le tropheo actuellement place sous le ddrae nord-ouost. 
 
 Ce troph^e est un specimen du bois et de la manoeuvre de notre pays. 
 J'ai I'honneur d'etre, avoc lo plus profond rowpect, 
 
 monsieur le ministre, 
 Votre ires humble et tres oWlssant serviteur, 
 LB COMMISSAIRE-GllNfiRAL. 
 
 THUS. C. KEEPER. 
 A I'honorable le ministre 
 
 d« I'Agi'iculture et du Commerce. 
 
 MlNIST^RE DE L'AqRIOULTURK ST SU COMMERCE, CABINET DU MiNISTRE. 
 
 Paris, le 9 decembre 1878. 
 
 Monsieur kb CoMMissAiRB-GiNfeRAL, — J'accepte avec boaucoup de reconnaia- 
 sance an nom du gouvernement frangais le magnifique trophee que le gouvernement 
 du Canada avait fait 61ever dans lo milieu du dome noi'd-ouest du Palais du Champ 
 de Mars, — trophee que vous voulez bien m'offrir au nom de ce gouvernement. Jo 
 I'accepte comme nn des plus beaux ornements de notre futur rausee industriel, — j© 
 I'accepte comme un nouveau t^moignage des sentiments de vive et cordiale sjmpa- 
 thie qui existent entre la France et le Canada. Je I'accepte, entin, comme un moyen 
 de conserver ici une trace durable et un brillant specimen de votro belle exposition. 
 
 Veuillez monsieur le Commissaire-General, Stre I'interprete de nos remerci- 
 roents au])res du gouvernement que vous avez si dignoment represente parmi nous, 
 •t agr^er I'expression de mos sentiments de haute consideration. 
 
 Le ministre de I'Agriculture et du Commerce, 
 
 TEISSERENC DE BORT. 
 Monsieur Keefer, 
 
 Commissaire-General du gouvernement 
 
 du Canada a I'Exposition Universolle de 187iJ. 
 
 MlNISTiRE DES TrAVAUX PuBLIOS, 
 
 Direction du Cabinet et du Personnel. 
 
 Division du personnet,, 2d bureau. 
 
 Exposition universellb de 1878. 
 
 Versailles, le ler noverabia 1878. 
 
 Monsieur,— 'J'ai re^u la lettre que vous m'avez fait I'honnour do m'ecriro et par 
 laquelle vous m'annoncez que vous uvoz ete autorise a disposer ou fuveur de mon 
 d6partement dedeux modeles et de deux plans de canaux de WoUand et de Laohine 
 (Canada.) 
 
80 
 
 I UN. 
 
 au sujot doH inoHurofl A prondro pour lo transport do com modt^l 
 Jiecevez, mor.Hiour, rasmirniico de ma considorutiun. 
 
 MoiLsiOUr IVBECER, -iJV/iVAlJA I U BLIUJ3, 
 
 CorniniHsniro-G6nenil do I'oxpfwitiori c-amidionno. 
 
 MlTSftE I)'iI(8T(.IRE NatuRELLE. 
 
 u V I. . ..L Paris, lo 'J3 janvior 1879. 
 
 grando von.lolle d'Abio8 DouL'Iusii aui a oL/.mn /li^. . • f . '.""° t™"cho de la 
 Sello colloction do bois du Ca^mSTgr.dVSaluilirr"'" '" I'oxposition, otd'uno 
 
 Agreoz,monHiourJ'oxpre«.iondc,nesHontimon.,sdo"cou.iderationtrusdi,stinguee. 
 A Monsieur T. C. Keeper, ^'^^ BIKKCTEUR D[' MUSKE. 
 
 Commi^Hairo oxecutif da Canada a I'fl^cpoHition Univornollo. 
 
 MmrSTftRE UE L'AuRICC.TaRE ET nv CoMMEaOE.OABtNET H. Mim,TRE. 
 
 canadionne. * P/iamiaos do homlle et do minorai de la section 
 
 place ^rrul'darnnT"'"' '^ ^"'"^^ ^"^"' «^ -« P^--^o« occuporont une 
 tingu^e""" '^""■' "^"^'^""•' ^^^« -- -merciemonts, rnes .salutation, los plus dis- 
 
 TKISSBRRNC DE BORT, 
 
 Forest School at I^anoy. 
 
 Paris, 40 Avenue Scpfren, 
 
 have^Jce^voTf^'S ColitTp^^^^^^^^ ^^''l ^'''T'^ ^' ^'l^y^^^ aTtte.' whlh I 
 
 Civil Service wlJaro bj ng 0^^ a^^rtho^^ f'^ ^'^^ «'"^«"^^ ^^ '^' I-l'-«« 
 the courtesy of the Freneh^Wnmont '"' °^ *""'''^''^ ^* mncj, through 
 
 thei.'^.St^^rrSfcr^:'^;:^^;^:^^ ^ovommen, with a view of showing 
 
 of IndiS;i woodB which are bS' ixhfCra 1h ''peH^f "r " ""^, ^''^'""^^^ ^«"«««<^^ 
 think that it cannot but be of arlvfl.^flrJf^ Exhibition. 1 may add that I 
 
 exhibited in your «Ltion sho ukf bo £ country that .pocimonnVthe woods 
 
 wood« are shown. I shall b^ Iv n n v m fn ^^^^^^ ^"n",'^ Tfr^'' '" *"''"''^"ce in which 
 may be pleased to make ^^^ ^^''^"'■'' ^^ ^*^''^"«' l'«^'-«<>n any reply you 
 
 1 am, my dear Sir, 
 T, C Kbefer Ft^n r f ^^"'' ^-'"-^ o^^edient servant, 
 
 •oo^S„;::?;bt';w„ Section, «,.„ J„- S'i?'^ r ^'^> 
 
 Paris Exhibition 1878 ^enretary Royal British Oonmission, 
 
 Paris Exhibition, 1878. 
 
ir I'^colo den 
 1 otro auprds 
 Mil lice. 
 Ii'o avec vouH 
 
 rBLICS. 
 
 91- 1879. 
 
 I* le don que 
 iticho de la 
 ion.otd'uno 
 
 sdistinguee. 
 U,SEB. 
 
 Nancv, I4tl» Aii^'ust, |s,-H 
 ^ano ,n to«t,«iony of tl.o obligations tl.ul thoy o^vo\,n\X-\uZ^L^^^^^^ 
 
 tho diHpoHal ol the UomiiiisMioiitTH, ''^ ^*° "'** *' 
 
 . .^, ""ly moniion spocmlly those of the Abbo Provonchei- from Oiinadfl th« 
 rmidrnl co h^ction by Dr. Preston, Iho t^ioonniand collootion and ohein known t 
 ^'rotcHKor S.nwnonds I wouM, thorofore, solicit ,he favor oryom'.irHr^ 
 queation before Uio Royal Commissioner thui, if possible anv of bo« n" %• 
 that are available may bo made over at tho olo.o of 1^ Sxliibi To, to i / ^'"""^ 
 the Fren<.h Forest School ; you, Sir, I think youll ui w 1 .^.n^^ 
 Government owes to this school, which give, us on an uvc^a .o rtve ex^, en iv 
 trained foresters per annum at an almost nominal cost to th« Uovornment ^ 
 
 1 have the honor to bo, Sir, 
 
 \oav most obedient servant, 
 
 GKORdl-: PICAIJSON, (yolond. 
 
 ixasi. 
 
 •e 1878. 
 
 ix bien faire 
 5 la section 
 
 iiporont une 
 
 los plus dis- 
 
 BORT, 
 
 ;, 1878. 
 
 3r which I 
 
 the Indian 
 
 jy, through 
 
 of showing 
 collection 
 idd that I 
 ' the woods 
 3e in which 
 reply you 
 
 MlNISXtlRE DB L'aORICULTURE ET DU COMMERCE, 
 AdMINISTRATEON I»Ei FoaiTS, 
 
 Exposition universblle de 1878. 
 
 Paris, le decombre 1878. 
 
 Monsieur,— Vous avez bien voulu sur ma demande otfrir a I'administration dea 
 fore 8, pour ses ecoles do Nancy et des Barres un choix des produits, ob^^ts et collec 
 oUTJT ^'"'' ^'"' ^^ '''*'^" ^" ^"""'^'^ " rexposition unive.-selle do ?878 
 
 J'ui I'honneur d'acci.ser reception des objets designes au bordereau ci-joint et de 
 vous expnmer do la part de M. le sous-secretaire, qui m'ona specialement cha ie ses 
 plus vifs romerciements. h-^ '"i^^iuw'il ^^uaige, ses 
 
 Jo suie personnollomont tres heureux, monsieur, do I'oecasion qui m'est ainsi 
 donn^e do vous renouveler I'assurance de I'ag.eablo souvenir que o conJervera do 
 no8 relations pen Jant I'oxposition, et du plaisir que j'aurai a los\nti4te,^r 
 
 Veuillez agr.'or, monsieur, I'assurunco de mes sentiments los plus distingues. 
 
 LE CONSERVATEUR DES FORfiTS, 
 A Monsieur Keefeh, ^''^'^^ "^^ I'oxposition forestiire. 
 
 Commissaire Ex^cutif du Canada. 
 92 Rue de Moimy, Paris. 
 
 Bordereau 
 Des produits, objets et collections otlerts a Tadministiations des Forets de France, 
 
 lo. Une rondelle d'abies Douglasii ot un moreeau du madrier eorrespondant. 2o Una' 
 rondelle de cedre h anr- -An SJo^^ AnU.,^iiu^^.. j„ ,...j ... f^'^^"^- -^. une 
 
 rondelle de cedre blanc 
 fbrestiei'es. 
 
 do. Sieze echantillons de ma<iriers de d 
 
 iverses ossencea 
 
 'ion, 
 m, 1878. 
 
Manchester Museum. 
 
 Bishop's House, 
 Salpord, Manchester, Uth Nov., 1878. 
 
 Sir, — The formation of a colonial museum in Manchester commends itself to the 
 offioiairt of the various colonies with whom I have had the honour to communicate, 
 an 1 I doubt not but it will directly tend to promote an interest in the colonies and 
 emigration to them among the mass of population of which Manchester is the centre. 
 
 The largo buildingknown as the Manchester Aquarium is to be devoted to the 
 purposes of such a museum in connection with an educational institution specially- 
 devoted to a higher commercial and somewhat technical education known as St. 
 Bedes, Manchester College. 
 
 I should be glad of any specimens that you may be able to offer as illustrative 
 of the life and resources of the Dominion of Canada, and especially! might mention 
 metallurgy, woods, animals, birds, game and fish, textiles and dyes, cereals, models 
 of ships, vegetables and fruit, educational models, maps and zoologic?l'specimens. 
 
 1 need not say that this museum will be open under proper cofiditions to the 
 public, and that it will be a special satisfaction to us to be able to give u full and 
 satisfactory account to our enterprising youth ©f the attractions and resources of 
 Canada as a ticld for emigration. 
 
 I have the honor to be. Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 HEEBERT, Bishop of Salford. 
 
 P.S. — If you are able to aid in the formation of such a museum representing 
 Canada, I would ask that the specimens be directed to the Curator of the Colonial 
 Museum, St. Bedes Manchester College, Alexandra Park, Manchester. 
 
 To Thos. C. Keeper, Esq., 
 
 Ohief^Bxecutive Commissioner of Canada. 
 
 [A collection was presented in response]to above, T.C.K,] 
 
 CANADIAN AGRlCULTUEAL MACUINEEY. 
 (Correspondence of the Vienna Press, Paris, 12th July, 1878.) 
 The State of thelMachine Industry in Austria. 
 
 Although the state of trade nhows many signs of improvement in general, the 
 machine industry participates to but a very limited extent. The agricultural machine 
 trade aloue can boast of lively demand and this is owing to the good harvest. 
 
 But the Paris Exhibition has proved that wo have to make rapid improvements 
 in order to keep up with other countries. 
 
 England and America, and of the latter, Canada, and particularly Ontario, have in 
 this respect made wonderful improvements in the construction of agiicultural 
 machines. 
 
 Canada, hitherto only known by name, has an exhibition of agricultural machines 
 which not only places it on a level with other civilized nations as an industrial country, 
 but gives a clear proof that Canada may in many^respects, be taken as a model. 
 
 Her agricultural machines surpass in simplicity and practical construction, as 
 well as cheapness, all that has hitherto been produced, Vnd Canada has, in con- 
 sequence^, thereof, perhaps done more business in this branch of industry _than all 
 other countries whoj[had larger exhibition.s of agricultural machines exposed. 
 
■ST 
 
 DisTRiBuinN OF Handbook. 
 
 Besides distributing mimorous copies to the difforont Foreign Commissions at 
 the Exhibition and to the representatives of the Foreign Press, the following were 
 distributed in ^rench at Paris : — ° 
 
 Chamber of Deputies 500 
 
 Senate \ gOO 
 
 f^ess "'.'.'.".!.".'/'.'.'.*.".'.*.' 300 
 
 Society of Civil Engineers 9q 
 
 Fonts et Chaussees 10 
 
 H6tel-de-Villo ."!.'..'.".'!".*.".'.*.".." 10 
 
 Chamber of Commerce *.' 10 
 
 And in London \m Englisli) : — 
 
 House of Lords 49O 
 
 H0U80 of Commons 612 
 
 London and Provincial Newspapers 350 
 
 Clubs and Heading Rooms gO 
 
 Miscellaneous— Clergy, &c 100 
 
 ORDER IN COUNCIL. 
 
 Copt of a Report of a Committee of the Honorable the Privy Council, approved by His 
 Excellency the Governor-General in Conncil on the 0th December, 1877. 
 
 On a memorandum, dated 4th December, 1^77, from the Hon, the Minister of 
 
 Agriculture, representing that it is necessary to finally organize a Commission for the 
 
 management of the Canadian section of the Paris Exhibition, he, therefore, recom- 
 mends : 
 
 That a Commission be appointed composed of the Hon. C. A. P. Polletier,. 
 Minister of Agriculture ; Sir John Rose, of London ; J. Gordon Brown, Esquire, of 
 Toronto; Gustave Drolet, Esquire, of Montreal, and Thomas C. Koofer, Esquire, C.E. 
 of Ottawa ; ' 
 
 That Joseph Perrault, E.squiro, and Dr. S. P. May be appointed Secretarie» to- 
 the Commission ; 
 
 That the four first-named Commissioners be honorary and advisory members of 
 the Commission, without salary, their personal expenses, however, incurred in the 
 work of the Commission to be defrayed out of the funds appropriated for the said 
 Exhibition. That Thomas C. Keefer, Esquire, C.B., be the executive member of the 
 Commission, and receive a salary of $500 a month in addition to his personal expenses ; 
 
 That the two Secretaries of the Commission be allowed each a salary of $225 a 
 month in addition to their personal expenses ; 
 
 ^ That Thomas C. Keefer, Esquire, and Messrs. Perrault and Jlay, who have pre- 
 viously acted in their respective capacities of Cemmissioner and Secretaries under 
 the direction of a sub-Committee of the Privy Council, presided over by the Minister 
 of Agriculture, be made the same allowances as heretofore stated, for the time they 
 have been so employed, and that their previous employment as such be now 
 confirmed. 
 
 The Committee concur in the foregoing recommendations, and submit the same 
 for Your Excellency's approval. 
 
 y-ertmud. 
 
 W. A. HIMSWORTH, Clerk Ex. Co. 
 
 3* 
 
34 
 
 The Trophy. 
 
 The following cablegram was published in the Canadian newspapers. 
 
 London, ITth June, 1378. 
 
 His Eoyal Highness the Prince of Wales desires me especially to cable his 
 gratification with the Dominion Troph.y, and to state that it reflects great credit on 
 Canada and all concerned in its construction and arrangements. He went to the top 
 And inspected it minutely with great interest. 
 
 JOHN EOSE. 
 Hon. A. Mackenzie, Ottawa, Canada. 
 
 1 
 
 Eecoqnition op Colonial Efforts. 
 From the London Gazette. 
 
 . Colonial Office, Downing Street, Octolor 29th, 1878. 
 
 The Quoen has been graciously pleased to make the following promotions in, and 
 appointments to, the Ordorof Saint Michael and Saint Geoi'ge, for services rendered 
 to the Colonies, as Colonial Commissioners and otherwise in connection with the rep- 
 resentation of British Colonial products at the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878. 
 
 To be an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knights Grand Cross of tho 
 Oi'der : — 
 
 Sir John Eosc, Bart., K.C.M.G., Executive Commissioner for the Dominion of 
 Canada and member of the Finance Committee. 
 
 To be an Ordinary Member of tho Second Class, or Knights Commanders of the 
 said Order : — 
 
 Francis Philip Cunliffe Owen, Esquire, C.B., Secretary to the British Com- 
 missioners. 
 
 To be Ordinary Members of the Thii-d Class, or Companions of the said Order : — 
 
 Charles Alphonse Panteleon Pelletier, Esquire, President of the Executive Com- 
 mittee for the Dominion of Canada, and late Minister of Agriculture and Statistics 
 and Commissioner of Patents for the Dominion. 
 
 Edwaixi Combes, Esq., Executive Commissioner for the Colony of New South 
 Wales. 
 
 James Joseph Casey, Esq., President of the Victoria Commission, Executive 
 Conr^missioner at Paris for the Colony of Victoria. 
 
 Thomas Coltrin Keefer, Esq., C.E., Executive Commissioner for the Dominion 
 ot Canada. 
 
 Joseph Boothby, Esq., permanent Under-Secretary, South Australia, Executive 
 Commissioner for the Colony of Souih Australia. 
 
 John Spencer Bridges Todd, Esq., Executive CcMnmissioner for the Colony of the 
 Cape ef Good Hope. 
 
 Arthur Hodgson, Esq., Executive Commissioner for the Colony of Queensland. 
 
 George Collins Levey. Esq., Secretary to the Victoria Commission and Acting 
 Commissioner in charge of Victoria Exhibits. 
 
 The Prince of Wales on Canada. 
 
 Extract from Letter of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales to Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Qth 
 
 Vecmber, 18T8. 
 
 " The arrangcmonts of the Dominion of Canada, which included all Her 
 Majesty's .possessions on the American Continent, were carried out by Mr. T. C, 
 Keefer, C.M.G., C.B , on a scale far surpassing any previous representation of British 
 America. 
 
i. 
 
 ne, 1378. 
 
 to cable his 
 eat credit on 
 nt to the top 
 
 ■ EOSE. 
 
 th, ISIS. 
 
 otions in, and 
 ices i'endered 
 with the rep- 
 on of 1878. 
 i Cross of the 
 
 I Dominion of 
 
 anders of the 
 
 British Com- 
 
 said Order : — 
 Qcutive Cona.- 
 ind Statistics 
 
 )f New South 
 
 »n, Executive 
 
 he Dominion 
 
 ia, Executive 
 
 Colony of the 
 
 Queensland. 
 I and Acting 
 
 :ks-Beach, 9th 
 
 ided all Her 
 by Mr. T. C. 
 ton of British 
 
 " The cases and fittings of native woods were most effective and striking, as 
 were the enormous sections of Douglas pines sent from British Columbia. Tlie woods 
 and minerals, the product of the fisheries, agriculture, and of manufacturing industry 
 so successfully an-anged by Mr. Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey, were of a 
 very important character, and received high awards fi'ora the Juries. The Educational 
 Department, under the skilful superintendence of Dr. May and M. U. E, Archambault, 
 was particularly well represented, and gained two diplomas of honor and six gold 
 medals, and the Ministers of Public Works and of Agriculture were also honoured 
 with diplomas and gold medals." 
 
 CANADIAN COMMISSION, PARIS EXHIBITION, 1878. 
 
 STATEMENT OP EXPENDITURE. 
 
 AdTertieing 
 
 MiBoellaneoui printing 
 
 Stationery 
 
 Trophy construction, exclading freight. 
 
 Show caies, cost !■ Canada 
 
 Show cases, hire of plate glass 
 
 $ cts. 
 
 7,233 63 
 2,228 42 
 
 Dominion map ~ 
 
 Canal maps.... ^ 
 
 Geological section of Exhibition 
 
 Disbariements for Goremment collection 
 
 Paid Reval Commission for space | 
 
 €ost of labor in Paris for iBstallation of taction, completion of cases, fitting 
 
 up of annexe 
 
 Disbursements in Paris for flags, shields, painting, varnishiug, decorations, 
 
 linings, &e - 
 
 Freights, 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 Steamboat, express, unloading in Paris, earting, he.. 
 
 steamer "Newfield".... 
 
 New York to Harre 
 
 Havre to Paris 
 
 Bouea to Paris 
 
 Graad Trunk Railway. 
 Great Western Railway.. 
 
 Priating 10,000 copies Hand-Book and Catalogue. 
 Lithograph plans lor do 
 
 Claims ' • 
 
 Postage and telegrams 
 
 OfiSce petty expanses 
 
 Salaries auv )xpenses of Commission in Canada and France : — 
 
 ExecutiTe Commissioner 
 
 Honorary Commissioners ••- ••' 
 
 BecretancB 
 
 Total. 
 
 8,190 51 
 6,075 92 
 
 13,661 79 
 
 3,232 86 
 
 448 85 
 
 972 38 
 
 1,493 03 
 
 264 64 
 
 1,209 28 
 
 1,374 86 
 1,675 67 
 
 12,375 24 
 
 2,091 81 
 
 15,726 «0 
 
 H 
 
 * 
 
 $ eta. 
 
 1,388 26 
 
 367 63 
 
 630 38 
 
 14,461 61 
 
 9,462 05 
 4,602 64 
 4,475 43 
 4,294 81 
 l,9«a 94 
 2,687 79 
 
 13,248 43 
 
 21,170 82 
 
 2,960 42 
 
 l,20a 82 
 
 609 29 
 
 491 19 
 
 30,093 66 
 
 113,905 36 
 
36 
 
 CANAraAN COMMISSIOK— PARTS EXHIBITION, 1818. 
 
 List of Awards. 
 
 RKFERESCES : 
 
 D.ll.— Diploma oJIIonor^ equivalent to " Grand Medal." 
 D. & G.M., S.M., ^yi.— Diploma and Gold, Silver or Bronze Medals. 
 D.G., D.S., D.B — Dijiloma of the value of GoU, Silver or Bronze Medals 
 B..3IL. —Honorable Mention. 
 
 Class 6.-EDUCATI0N OP CHrLDRE^f, PRIMARY LN'STRUOTIOxV, INSTRUCTION OP ADULTS. 
 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 Address. 
 
 Canadian School A pparatus Co.... Toronto . ... 
 
 Christian Bros. School Quebec 
 
 Chanteloup, E Montreal 
 
 Carter, J.B JToronto ' 
 
 Oopp, Clark & Co .....r do | 
 
 ChauTeaii, Hon. Mr Quebec 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Institute (Males). Montreal 
 
 do do (Females) do 
 Educational Departra't ot Ontario Toronto 
 
 do do Quebec. Quebec I 
 
 Hodgins, Dr. (OoUaborateur) Toronto 
 
 Institute for Blind , Montreal ..., 
 
 Langelier, L Quebec 
 
 Miller, A., & Co Toronto 
 
 Montpetit.M Quebec 
 
 Novelty Works (James Smart). ... Brockville . 
 
 School of Art and Design Montreal .... 
 
 Bolland & Son do 
 
 Province. 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 Ontario Publication, &c.. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 School desks 
 
 Blackboard, Ac. 
 
 School books .... 
 
 OoUaborateur.... 
 
 do 
 Ontario.. 
 
 do ... 
 Quebec, 
 
 do ... 
 
 do ... 
 Ontario.. 
 Quebec. 
 Ontario.. 
 Quebec... 
 
 do ... 
 Ontario.. 
 Quebec, 
 Ontario.. 
 Quebee... 
 
 do jCollection of school books. 
 
 OoUaborateur. 
 
 Reading apparatus 
 
 Textbooks, &c 
 
 Books , 
 
 School desks 
 
 Award. 
 
 D. & G.M. 
 D. (G.) 
 D. & B.M. 
 H.M. 
 do 
 
 D. (G,) 
 D. (B.) 
 
 do 
 D. (G.) 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 D. (B.) 
 D. & 3.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 D. & S.M. 
 H.M. 
 D. (B.) 
 H.M. 
 
 -h 
 
 Class 7— ORGANIZATION AND APPLIANCES FOR SECONDARY INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Baillargo, C iQuebec Quebec. 
 
 Education, Department of, Oat... Toronto Ontario. 
 
 do "do 
 
 do do 
 
 May, Dr. S. P 
 
 Polytechnic achool. 
 
 Que.., 
 do 
 
 Quebec .Quebec. 
 
 do ! do 
 
 Toronto ^Ontario Zoological specimens 
 
 Montreal .Quebec 
 
 Stereometrical instruments. 
 
 H.M. 
 D. (G.) 
 D. (S.) 
 D. (G.) 
 D. (B.) 
 D. & &\M. 
 
 Class 8.-0RGANIZATI0N, METHODS AND APPLIANCES FOR SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Government of Ontario for Uni 
 
 versity , 
 
 Government of Quebec do 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 ,, ^ . — -., Quebec iQuebec. 
 
 MacouD, Prof. ........ „.==,...„. „ RpHe^iHy Ontario. 
 
 McQill University College iMontreal ..... Quebec 
 
 Hon. E, S. Wood, Minister of 
 Agriculture Toronto.. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Flora' Canadenais, 
 
 D. (S.) 
 
 do 
 D. & 3.M. 
 D, (S.) 
 
 Reports do 
 
OP ADULTS. 
 
 Award. 
 
 D. & G.JI. 
 D. (G.) 
 D. & B.M. 
 H.iV. 
 do 
 
 D. (G,) 
 D. (B.) 
 
 do 
 D. (G.) 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 D. (B.) 
 D. & 3.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 D. & S.M. 
 H.M. 
 D. (B.) 
 H.M. 
 
 OTION-. 
 
 H.M. 
 D. (G.) 
 D. (S.) 
 D. (G.) 
 D. (B.) 
 D. & S.M. 
 
 TRUCTION. 
 
 D. (S.) 
 do 
 
 Do fl « • 
 . & a. in, 
 
 D, (S.) 
 do 
 
 "W 
 
 Canadian CoMMissioN.-Paris Exhibition, 1878.-List of Awavd.-Continued. 
 
 CLASS 9.-PRINTING BOOKS. 
 
 ExnuiTOR. 
 
 Copp, Clark & Co 
 
 ;« Globe ''Prmtinjr Co 
 
 ifucter, Rose & Co..., 
 
 Miller, Adam te Co "."."" 
 
 Mowat, Hon. Oliver 
 
 Minister of Education, Hon." a" 
 
 Crooks 
 
 Perrault& Co " 
 
 Addrees. 
 
 Pbovincb. 
 
 Rolph, Smith & Co. 
 Warwick, W 
 
 Toronto... 
 Canada..., 
 Toronto... 
 
 do ... 
 
 do ... 
 
 do ... 
 
 ExinniT. 
 
 Award. 
 
 do 
 
 Montreal 
 
 5^*t Books on general literature...iH.Sf. 
 
 Quebec (Provincal) In m ^ 
 
 Ontario iLefer-press printing .." H AI '^ 
 
 ^0 lS?i''!!P<'n„of fcooJ^f ' i'D. & B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 do 
 
 Toronto., 
 do . 
 
 ^0 .Canadian School Junior." 
 
 00 Rerised Statutes of Ontario , 
 
 ^ ^° iColIection of works D. (S -> 
 
 y"«Det Fancj and commercial print- 
 
 Ontario., 
 do . 
 
 
 int 
 
 Specimens of encraring ',. 
 
 Books on general literature. , 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. & B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Cass lO.-STATIONBRY, BOOK-BINDING, PAINTING AND DRAWING MATERIALS. 
 
 Dominion of Canada Plumbago 
 
 Co 
 
 Dominion Leather-Board O0.V.V.'. 
 
 Hunter, Rose & Co 
 
 ^* ™ce... 
 
 ?«ii!t°'\»* ^^"^ I Montreal.. .. 
 
 Taylor Bros Toronto 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario.. 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec, 
 do 
 
 Collection of p?ncils 
 
 Samples of leather-loard 
 
 Book-binding 
 
 _, '*'* , 
 
 Commercial blank books 
 
 O***"^ Specimens of printing, &c.V.V. 
 
 D. & G.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 D. & B.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 Cass ll.-GENERAL APPLICATION OP THE ARTS OP DRAWING AND MODELLING. 
 
 €ouncij of Arts and Manufactures 
 
 "°°*"»^ Quebec Drawing and designs., .. 
 
 .' a.ii!. 
 
 Class 12.-PH0T0GRAPHIC PROOFS AND APPARATUS. 
 
 Henderson, A 
 
 Hunter & Co 
 
 liivornois, J. B.. . 
 
 McLauahliB, S 
 
 Notman & Sandham 
 
 Notma. 4 Praser 
 
 i-ooie, bi 
 
 Montreal ..., 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 Quebec. 
 Ontario. 
 Quebec, 
 
 Ottawa .Ontario 
 
 Montreal.... Quebec 
 
 Toronto 
 
 St.Cathar'ns 
 
 Ontario. . 
 do .. 
 
 Photographs b. & S.M. 
 
 o ....(D. It B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 • ••••• •••••• .«»•«••• 
 
 •••• ■••••«••• 
 
 «•■••# ••■ 
 
 
 D. & B.M. 
 D. & S.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 do 
 
 Class 13.— MDSICAL INSTRDMENTS. 
 
 Dominion Organ Co Bowmanv'le 
 
 i»-"->s«B 
 
 Ontario.. 
 
 Cab-'net combination organs. 
 
 D. ft B.M. 
 
 Class h.-MBDIOINB, HYGIENE AND PUBLIC RELIEF. 
 
 Iispector of Asylums for Ontario Toronto (ontario., 
 
 Photos of Asylums. 
 
 H.u. 
 
38 
 
 Canadian Oojimission. — Paris Exhibition, 1878.— List of Awards— Cow /mwed 
 
 Class 15.— MATHEMATICAL AND PfllLOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 Address. 
 
 Protimck. 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 1 1 II .1 
 
 AWARB. 
 
 HMrn ft fiarriaon 
 
 Potter, 0...... 
 
 *. M..... 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Optical instruments, ftc~ 
 
 SurTeyiag do 
 
 D.4B.M.'^ 
 H.M. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Clash 16.— MAPS, GEOGRAPHICAL AND COSMOGRAPHICAL APPARATUS. 
 
 Copp, Clark & Co 
 
 Educational Dept. of Ontario,. 
 Geological Survey of Canada . 
 
 Toronto... 
 do . 
 Montreal . 
 
 Qenest, Pierre.... 
 Hind, Prof. H. Y. 
 
 Harbor Commissioners 
 Minister of Interior., 
 
 •••••••• •••••#••< 
 
 Rolland & Sons..., 
 
 Sicotte, L. W.. 
 
 TAch6, Eugene E., 
 
 Quebec... 
 Windsor . 
 
 Montreal . 
 Ottawa... 
 
 
 Montreal , 
 do . 
 Quebec... 
 
 i i 
 
 Ontario ^Geograph. .ups- 
 
 do 'Cosmo^rauL.calmaps 
 
 Quebec {Geological maps and illustra 
 
 tions 
 
 do ■ 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec, 
 do .. 
 do .. 
 
 Map of Nouvelle France 
 
 Dominion of Canada fish 
 
 maps 
 
 Plan of St. Lawrence River, 
 
 Map of Canada, showini; for- 
 ests, &c.^ and great map of 
 
 • the Dominion 
 
 French maps of Canada...... 
 
 Cadastral plans 
 
 Map of Province of Quebec 
 
 D. & B.M. 
 D, (S.) 
 
 D. of H. 
 D. &B.M. 
 
 D. ft G.H. 
 D. (B,) 
 
 D. (G.) 
 H.M. 
 do 
 D. ft B.1 
 
 Class 17.— ALL KINDS OP FURNITURE, CHEAP AND COSTLY. 
 
 Canadien Commission 
 
 Lee, William 
 
 Lemieux, Edward 
 
 Hoorehead O. Manufacturing Co. 
 White, I, 
 
 . M.*« MtM*. 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 London...... 
 
 Woodstock. 
 
 Ontario. ..,.. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Chairs 
 
 Hand-made inlaid centre table 
 
 Inlaid chequer table 
 
 Furniture , 
 
 Mosaic centre table 
 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 D. ft 6.M. 
 do 
 
 Class 18.— UPHOLSTERERS AND DECORATORS' WORK. 
 
 Cobban. G., ft Co. 
 
 Ewingft Co 
 
 Haycock, E 
 
 Toronto. 
 
 do . 
 
 Ottawa.. 
 
 Ontario, 
 do . 
 do . 
 
 Picture frame moulding.. ... 
 
 do do 
 
 Wrought iron mirror frame. 
 
 H.M. 
 do 
 D. ftB.M^ 
 
 Class 20.— POTTERY. 
 
 Schuler, Henry. 
 
 Paris. 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Collection of stone ware... .. 
 
 H,M. 
 
 Class 22.— PAPER-HANGINGS. 
 
 Staunton, M., ft Co..- „ 
 
 Toronto.. 
 
 Ontario jSample paper banging |h.M. 
 
■sr 
 
 Canadian Commiwiqn.— Paris Exhibition, 1878.— List of Ayrarda— Continued. 
 
 Class 27.— APPARATUS AND PROCESSBS FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING. 
 
 EZHIBITOK. 
 
 Addrbss. 
 
 Proyihok. 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 Award. 
 
 Gbanteloap,- B , 
 
 Montreal 
 
 OiiAhnn.. 
 
 Lamnfl 
 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D ^BM. 
 
 Obown k Ounningbam 
 
 Guraej & Go 
 
 KiBfrgton ! Ontario. ...... 
 
 Hamilton 1 do „.... 
 
 Cooking stOTCB 
 
 Parlour stoves 
 
 Proase Brotbers Montreal 'Quebec 
 
 Hall stores 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Stewart, Jamea, it Co 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 1 
 
 Ontario....... 
 
 Base burning stores 
 
 D. JrB.M. 
 
 Class 2».— LEATHER-WORK, FANCY ARTICLES AND BASKET-WORK. 
 
 Brown Brothers Toronto.. 
 
 Bosckh, Charles j do 
 
 Nelson, H. A., a Sons Moatreal. 
 
 Ontario. 
 I do 
 Quebec. 
 
 Diaries, wallets, calendars. ... 
 
 Paint and rarnish brushes 
 
 Co:n brooms, hearth, kc 
 
 H.M. 
 do 
 do 
 
 Class 30.-COTTON THREADS AND FABRICS. 
 
 Canada Cotton Manufg. Co. 
 
 Duadas do 
 
 Hudon Cotton Co 
 
 Cornwall. 
 Hamilton.. 
 Montreal.. 
 
 I_ 
 
 Ontario... 
 do .. 
 Quebec. 
 
 Assortment of cottons, kc. 
 
 Cotton goods 
 
 do 
 
 D. k B.M. 
 D. k 8.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 Class 33.— WOOLLEN YARN AND FABRICS. 
 
 Gault Brothers; 
 
 Mills k Hutchison 
 
 Oxford Manufacturing Co. 
 Paton do 
 
 Montreal Quebec. 
 
 do I do _ 
 
 Oxford iNovaScotia. 
 
 Sherbrooke.. Quebec 
 
 Rosamond Woollen Go Almonte Ontario, 
 
 Willett, 8. T Chamblj .... Quebec. 
 
 I 
 
 Assortment of tweeds D. k S.M. 
 
 Tweeds and flanaels do 
 
 T needs, frieze and blankets.. H.M. 
 
 Assortment of tweeds D k S.M; 
 
 Tweeds and doeskins.. |D. k B.M. 
 
 Fancy flannels do 
 
 Class 36.— LACE, VET, EMBROIDERY AND TRIMMINGS. 
 
 Russell, Miss Belle.., 
 
 Stricklaid, Miss 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 do 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do 
 
 Point lace banner £re screen. 
 Cro.ehet work, laces, kc 
 
 H.M. 
 do 
 
 
 Class 37— HOSIERY AND 
 
 UNDERCL( 
 
 )THING AN 
 
 D ACCESSORIES OP CLOTHING. 
 
 McCrae k Co 
 
 Oault Brothers 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Montreal 
 
 do 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 do 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Woollen rest, shirts, drawers, 
 Ac D. ft B.M. 
 
 Plain Riid p.nlnrpil hnaiArT T\ /U \ 
 
 Morgan Brothers 
 
 Gloves 
 
 D k ii.tlt 
 
 Strsthroy Knitting Co 
 
 Skelton, Tooke k Co 
 
 Ladies clouds and scarfs 
 
 Shirts, collars, cuffs, ftc 
 
 D. ft S.M. 
 D ft B U 
 
 
 
-w 
 
 Canadian Commission.— Paris Exhibition, IS18. — List of Awards — Continued. 
 
 Class 38.— CLOTHING FOR BOTH SEXE3. 
 
 BniBITOH. 
 
 Address. 
 
 Province. 
 
 Emiiuit. 
 
 Award. 
 
 Berlin Felt Boot Co 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 do 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do 
 
 Quebec 
 
 do 
 
 P. E. Island. 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Seamless felt boots, kc 
 
 Ladies' riding silk hats 
 
 Wool, hats, moccasins, Ac... 
 
 Suit of clothes 
 
 Ladies'.boys' and men's boots 
 Boots and shoes 
 
 E M 
 
 GedraSf Joseph 
 
 Montreal 
 
 do 
 
 London 
 
 Hamilton. ... 
 Montreal 
 
 do 
 
 SiiDimerside 
 Ottawa 
 
 Montreal 
 
 
 Goriitinu, J., it Co 
 
 D. ft R M 
 
 Denton, J. M 
 
 do 
 
 Garret, John 
 
 H If 
 
 Lenoir Brothers 
 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 Mullarkjr k Co 
 
 McKenzie, John 
 
 Boots 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Tweed clothinar 
 
 do 
 
 Minister of Agriculture 
 
 Indian clothing and equip- 
 ments 
 
 Clothing M 
 
 
 ShorPT. H.. k Co 
 
 D. (B.) 
 D. k BM. 
 
 
 Class 41.— TRAVELLING APPARATUS AND GAMP EQUIPAGE. 
 
 fiarrington k Son 
 
 Deasaulles 
 
 Kraft, E 
 
 Montreal, 
 do 
 
 do . 
 MaUolm, R IToronto... 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 do . 
 
 do . 
 Ontario 
 
 Valises and Saratoga trunks, 
 
 Fonrist trunks 
 
 Travelling trunks ■ 
 
 Rivet seal postal bags 
 
 D. k S.V. 
 D. k B.lf. 
 H.M. 
 D. ka.il. 
 
 Class 42.— TOYS AND GAMES. 
 
 ! 
 
 Peacock, W 
 
 Montreal . 
 
 Quebec jOricket bats. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Class 43.— MINING AN» METALLURGY. 
 
 Albert Manufacturing Co 
 
 AUf y Humphreys. 
 
 Baci^ jham Mining Co.. 
 
 Burrell, Ellis 
 
 Dominion File Works 
 
 Dominion of Canada Plumbago 
 Co 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Montreal .. 
 Bellerille.. 
 Montreal .. 
 
 . N. Brunsw'k 
 .{Ontario ..., 
 .!Quebec 
 
 Ontario .... 
 
 Quebec^.... 
 
 Ott&wfli 
 Forsyth, R ..............V.V.V.V..'Montreal 
 
 Frontenac Lead Mining Co 'Kingston 
 
 Co 
 
 Gilmour, G. 
 Goodfellow, J. 
 Jones, D. P., k 
 Maior, E., k Co. 
 
 Miller & Henshaw, 
 
 McDougall & Co „, 
 
 Plctou Boat Association 
 
 Selwjn, A. R 
 
 Star Manufacturing Co 
 
 Steel Company ot Canada.. 
 
 Silver Islet Co 
 
 Seaman & Co '. 
 
 Waterman Brothers 
 
 Whiting Manufacturing Co. 
 
 Montreal 
 Northesk .... 
 Gananoque.. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Templeton... 
 
 Montieal 
 
 N. Glasgow. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Londond'ry. 
 L. Superior.. 
 Lower Cove 
 
 London 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 Ontario 
 Quebec. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 N. Brunsw'k 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova Scotia, 
 do 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do 
 
 Gypsum 
 
 Crystals of apatite . 
 Blocks of apatite. .. 
 Assortment of axes. 
 Assortment of files. . 
 
 ■• <••••• •«• 
 
 Specimens ore 
 
 Monuments of polished 
 
 syenite „ 
 
 Lead and galena.. . m 
 
 Collection bits and augers.... 
 Building stone k grindstones. 
 
 Scoops, spades, ke 
 
 Wire cloth 
 
 Blocks of apatite „ 
 
 Bog iron ore, kc . 
 
 Slocks of coal 
 
 Stratigraphical coll. rocks.... 
 
 Acme Olub skates 
 
 Iran ore,slag,pig and bar iron 
 
 Silver nugget 
 
 Grindstones and whetstones.. 
 Crude and refined petroleum. 
 Scythesi forks, ko 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. k B.3(. 
 H.M. 
 do 
 D. k B.M, 
 
 D. k s.ir. 
 
 D. (B.) 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 D.k3 
 do 
 
 D. k S.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 D. k 8.V. 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 do 
 H.M. 
 D. k B.it. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Mi 
 

 41 
 
 Canadian Commission.— Paris Exhibition, ISTS.— List of A\rArdB—Cmtinued. 
 
 OtkM 44. -PRODUCTS OF THIS CULTIVATION OP F0RB3T8. AND OP THB TRADB3 
 
 APPERTAINING THERETO. 
 
 EZIIIITOR. 
 
 Abdbus. 
 
 Province. 
 
 ExnaiT. 
 
 AWABO. 
 
 Baatien, Benoit.. > 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Onahnn 
 
 DanadlAB timhnr... . . 
 
 D. h G.M. 
 
 do 
 D. (G.) 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 D. k S.M. 
 
 Dobell, R. R., k Co 
 
 Qnebec | do 
 
 Ottawa Ontario 
 
 
 Gorerament of Canada 
 
 Timber ftud Trophj .••••• •• 
 
 Goulette, 0. ▼ 
 
 McMnrray 4c Fuller 
 
 GanaBoque.l do 
 
 Toronto 1 do 
 
 Tool handles, kc 
 
 Brooms, wkisks. Jbo 
 
 €il Cabinet and Novelty Co 
 
 ProTencher, I'Abbe L .„ 
 
 Montreal .Quebec 
 
 Quebec ! do 
 
 wotton 1 do m 
 
 Toronto lOntarln .. . 
 
 Step-ladders, tool handles, Ac. 
 
 do 
 D. k B.M. 
 D. * S.M. 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 Sanson, J. G 
 
 Withrow tt Hilloek 
 
 Staves, broom handles, Ac... 
 
 
 
 
 
 Clabb 45.— PRODUCTS OP HUNTING, HHOOTING, PISHING AND SPONTANEOUS PRODUOTSL 
 MACHINES AND INSTRUMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH. 
 
 Geological Commission., 
 OoTernment of Canada., 
 
 Dr. S. P. May 
 
 JHarrey k Co 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Toronto ...... 
 
 do 
 
 Hamilton...^ 
 
 do 
 
 Head of buffalo, food fishes.... 
 Biffalo and bear's head, kc. 
 Stuffed mammals, birds, Ac. 
 Canadian wools 
 
 D.(G.) 
 
 do 
 D. A G. M. 
 D. A B. M. 
 
 Class 46— AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS NOT USED FOR POOD 
 
 Lyman, Clare A Co.. 
 
 Montreal I Q uebe c 
 
 Linseed oil and cake . 
 
 D, A B. tf. 
 
 Class 47.— CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUOTS. 
 
 -~ ' ' I 
 
 T 
 
 Hood, A. W., A Son ... 
 Lyman Brothers A Co.. 
 
 Morse, G. D., A Co 
 
 Saunders, William 
 
 Waterman Bros 
 
 Gunn A Co» 
 
 Hallam, J 
 
 Mozlev A Ricker. 
 Pelt James 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Toronto 
 
 do 
 
 London 
 
 do 
 
 Toilet and laundry soap 
 
 Chemicals aad extracts. 
 
 Laundry soap 
 
 Pharmaceutical preparations 
 Products of petroleum 
 
 H. M. 
 do 
 D. A fi. M. 
 
 do^ 
 D. A U. M. 
 
 Class 49.— LEATHER AND 8EINS. 
 
 Kingston,... 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do 
 
 Quebec.... 
 Ontario 
 
 Spanish sole leather., 
 Varieties of leather.. 
 do 
 
 D. A B. M. 
 
 do 
 D. A S. M. 
 
 SheepHskins, hearth rugs, AclH. M. 
 
 Class 50.— APPARATUS AND PR0CBSS3S OP THE ART OP MINING AND METALLURGY. 
 
 Dominion of Canada Plumbago 
 
 Ontario.. 
 
 Crucibles. 
 
 H. M. 
 
CANADiAir Commission. — ^Paris Exhibition, 1878. — List o( A.-wu,t(.U— Continued. 
 
 CLAIS6I.— A6R{0nLT!:RAL IMPLEMENTS AND PROOESSES USED IN THE CULTIVATION 
 
 OF FIELD AKD FOREST. 
 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 Addriss. 
 
 Protinoi. 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 Award. 
 
 Abcll, Jobniv 
 
 Elliott, Joh» 
 
 Woodbridge 
 
 London. 
 
 Waterford... 
 Hamilton 
 
 Ontatio 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 An 
 
 Matchlegs reaper 
 
 Hinirlfi mnwer ....... ......... 
 
 H. M. 
 
 D. & B. M»i 
 
 GreeacBroi. it Co.. 
 
 Sinirle reaper 
 
 H. M. 
 
 Sawyer 4 Co 
 
 
 D. ft B. M» 
 
 
 Strathroy....! do 
 
 Ay«r do 
 
 Aurora ....... ''" 
 
 Iron Dlouffk 
 
 H. M. 
 
 WatBOB^ John 
 
 Wilkinson, George 
 
 Agricultural implem«zit3 
 
 D. k G. M. 
 H. M. 
 
 WhiuDg Manufaeturing Go 
 
 Oshawa 
 
 do 
 
 Assortment of scythes, &c.... 
 
 0. & B. M. 
 
 Class 62.— APPARATUS AND PROCESSES USED IN AGRICULTURAL WORKS AND IN 
 WORKS FUR THE PREPARATION OF FOOD. 
 
 Barter, Benjamin. 
 
 Toronto.. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Machine for purifying rheat 
 middlings 
 
 D. 4i<S. M/ 
 
 Class 63.— APPARATUS USED IN CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY AND FARMI.VG. 
 
 Dominion of Canada Plumbago 
 
 0» 
 
 Elliott, T. Scott 
 
 Willett, G. B.... 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Onelph 
 
 Coaticook . 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 do 
 Quebec. 
 
 Lubricating stock 
 
 Washing machine 
 
 Clothes wringer and washing 
 machine „ 
 
 D. (80 
 D. it B. Mi 
 
 H. M. 
 
 Class 64.— MACHINES AND APPARATUS IN GENERAL. 
 
 Burrows, Stewart and Milne.. 
 
 Canadian Rubber Co 
 
 Kennedy, W. & Sons 
 
 Northey, T 
 
 Hamilton ....{Ontario. 
 Montreal Quebec. 
 
 Owen Sound 
 Hamilton..... 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do M.... 
 
 Beales - 
 
 Rubber, belting, hose, &c . 
 
 Leilel water-wheel 
 
 Steam pumps 
 
 D. ft B.M^ 
 
 U.Mw 
 
 D. ft<S.lf; 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Class 66.-APPARATUS AND PROCESS i;J USED IN SPINNING AND ROPBMAKINQ. 
 
 SriRgs, S 
 
 Dartmouth -K*pe Co. 
 
 Hamilton^... 
 Dartmouth... 
 
 Ontario I Ropes and cordage... ..., , 
 
 Nova Scotia Cord belting 
 
 HM. 
 
 D. ft B.M> 
 
 Clam 68.- APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR SEWING AND FOR MAKING UP CLOTHING. 
 
 Baymoud, Charles. 
 
 Guelph.. 
 
 Ontario. . 
 
 Sewing-machines . 
 
 D. ft B.M. 
 
43 
 
 Canadian Commission.— Paris Exhibition, 1878.— List of Aw &i'da— Continued. 
 
 OtAis 60— APPARATUS AND PROOBSSBS USED IN PAPBRMAKING, DYEING AND PRINTING. 
 
 Exhibitor. 
 
 AoDKisa. 
 
 Pbotikci. 
 
 Dominion Type Founding Oo. 
 
 Montr«ftl , 
 
 Quebec • 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 Foiint tf BreTier type. 
 
 AWABD. 
 
 H.U. 
 
 Olabb 62.-OARRIAGE ANDJWHBBLWRIGHTS' WORK. 
 
 A!;r-<itrong, J. B 
 
 Bagg, Alexander 
 
 Dew, John, h Oo 
 
 DeWolf, Joiin M 
 
 Guelpb Carriage Goods Co. . . 
 
 Gananoquc Spring Co.... 
 
 Ltobb, Woods 
 
 Plummer k Sons 
 
 Ramsay, William 
 
 Robinson, O. W iRiigstoa. 
 
 lemmens, John Hamilton. 
 
 I 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Orlllia 
 
 StOatbar'na 
 
 Halifax iNora 
 
 Guelph 
 
 Gananoq'ie 
 Brantforc.. 
 
 LouJon 
 
 Orillia 
 
 I. 
 
 Ontario Park phaeton, Ac H.M. 
 
 do Familr open phaeton I do 
 
 do Wheels, hubs, spikes, Ao D. k B.U 
 
 Scotia Pony phaetoa.double waggon do 
 
 lOntario |Oarriaga goods H.M. 
 
 do C <'riaR« springs do 
 
 do . isno box buggy 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Shafts, felloes, spokes 
 
 Family sleigh.. .... 
 
 Trotting sulky and cutter. 
 Children's carriage 
 
 do 
 
 D. k B.U. 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 Class 63.— HARNESS AND SADDLERY. 
 
 Mi 
 
 Kr. ft, Ernest 
 
 Lugsdln k Barnett. 
 Malcolm, R.... 
 
 Hamlltou. 
 
 Toronto... 
 
 do ... 
 
 Ontario. ..... Gold mounted harness 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 (iadies' saddle, Ac 
 Harness and saddles. . 
 
 Class 64,— RAILWAY APPARATUS. 
 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 do 
 D. (S.) 
 
 Ohanteloups, E ., 
 
 McDougall, John k Co. 
 
 Montreal . 
 do 
 
 Quebec . 
 do 
 
 Fittings for railway cars. 
 Car, engine and wheels.. 
 
 D.(B.) 
 do 
 
 Class 66.— TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR PRCOBSSES. 
 
 Chanteloupi E. 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Quebec . 
 
 Instruments. ■ 
 
 D. (3.) 
 
 Olabj 66.— apparatus AND PROCESSES OP CIVIL ENGINEERING, PUBLIC WORKS 
 
 AND AROHITBCTURB. 
 
 Bulmer k Shepperd Montrerl 
 
 Department Public Works Ottawa...... 
 
 Errait, Darid.. do 
 
 Torsyth, R , Montreal 
 
 Geological Surrey of Canada do 
 
 Harbor Commissioners do 
 
 Heard, J., k Co Strathroy.... 
 
 Keefer, Samuel Brockrille...! 
 
 Railway Commissioners Quebec 
 
 Somerrille, '£..., 
 
 iTes, H, R 
 
 New Rockland Slate Co 
 
 #•»•••■ •••••••••••*■ 
 
 Am prior.. 
 Montreal . 
 do 
 
 Quebec Building material 
 
 Ontario. Models, canal locks 
 
 do Collaborateur 
 
 Quebec Qrt, Atf monument 
 
 do ......'Marbles and building stone. 
 
 do Plans ^■ 
 
 Ontario {Artificial sandstone. , 
 
 Ontario.. 
 Quebjo..- 
 Untaro.. 
 Quebec... 
 
 do ... 
 
 Niagara Suspension Bridge... 
 
 Bridge photographs 
 
 Marble monument 
 
 Iron gates 
 
 Slate 
 
 D. IcBM 
 
 D.H. 
 
 D. k S.M. 
 do 
 
 D. (S.) 
 
 D, k B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. k G.M. 
 (S.) 
 k8M 
 k B.M. 
 do 
 
 D. 
 D. 
 D. 
 
Canadian CoMMissioN.-Pnris Exhibition, 1878.-List of XwavilB-Continued. 
 
 iCtAiB 67.-XAV1UAT10N AND LIFK aAVING. 
 
 IliXHIIITOH. 
 
 —I, 
 
 Addhiss. 
 
 iJommlssioner of Agriculture and 
 
 Public Worka , 
 
 ^ngli»h, William 
 
 Power, William & Co 
 
 »icheh»u k Ontario Navigation 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Petcrboro'... 
 Kiogstun 
 
 Montreal 
 
 PlIOVINCE, 
 
 Quebec. 
 Ontario, 
 do . 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 K.XHIBIT. 
 
 ModeUofsloopj, clippers, Ac 
 
 Hunting canoe 
 
 ModoU of sbip8,gchooneri,&c. 
 
 do steamboata 
 
 Award. 
 
 D. (B.) 
 D. k B.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 D. (B.) 
 
 Class 68. 
 
 Perrault, J . 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Quebec. 
 
 Military spade. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 Ci,AS3 69. -ALIMENTARY PRODUCTS. 
 
 Howiand, w:'l?T6^-'zz To^toiii^lantio:.::::: 
 
 Rennie, Wm .'.*..*.'."!'.' 
 
 Sentiner, Joha .'.'.'.'."".,'"' 
 
 do 
 
 Toront* 
 
 Earl Hirer... 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 P. E. Island. 
 
 Samples of flour and wheat... 
 
 do macaroni 
 
 Snowdrop's Patent Process 
 
 I lour. ..., „,,„ „„,, 
 
 Uatraeal and split peas 
 
 Forest Citj flour 
 
 Field and garden seeds...!".!! 
 Pearl barlej 
 
 D. & B.M. 
 n.M< 
 
 D. & Q.M. 
 H.M. 
 do 
 
 D. it S.M. 
 H.M. 
 
 Class Tl.-FATTY SUBSTANCES USED AS FOOD. 
 
 ■Canada Cheese.-Agency 
 
 Belleville., 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Cheese 
 
 D. ft B.M^ 
 
 Classbs 72 AND ra.—MEAT AND FISH. 
 
 Andrews ft Co 
 
 Argyle Packing Co 
 
 Bain, James D 
 
 Barber, J "' 
 
 Christian, N. 0. , ."! 
 
 Forre.?t ft Co 
 
 Holbrookft Co.. 
 
 Johnston A. L !!!!!* 
 
 Lockport Packing Co..." 
 Minister of Agriculture. 
 
 Ogden, Alfred 
 
 Postlethwaite, Ridsdaile ft Co.! 
 
 Rennie, W 
 
 Stayner, Chas. A..*!!'!!!!!!."!!!'" 
 
 fihand, J.M. 
 
 ^'Mara ■- 
 
 Shuflfioo 
 
 £etcher, J. W 
 
 Halifax.. 
 
 a. ...... ..... 
 
 ......'. I ...... ... aaa 
 
 ..1.... ...... ...... 
 
 Restigonche, 
 Halifax.. „.. 
 
 do ........ 
 
 do 
 
 N.Westm'itr 
 Sherbrooke.. 
 
 Halifax 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Richlbucto... 
 Cape Canso. 
 Toronto 
 
 do 
 
 Halifax 
 
 BarringtOD... 
 
 London 
 
 Halifax 
 
 do 
 
 I ••«•••••• •• 
 
 ••■ ■•••••••» • 
 
 Nova Scotia. Caaned lobster 
 
 do .. do do 
 
 N. Brunsw'k do salmon, ftc. 
 Nova Scotia. do lobster 
 
 do . do do 
 
 do do do 
 
 B Columbia do salmon 
 
 Quebec .Fluid beef, &e 
 
 Nova Scotia. Canned lobster... 
 
 Ontaria. Fish exhibit 
 
 N. Brunsw'k Canned lobster and mackerel 
 
 ••• >••••••• 
 
 * ••■•••••* •••■ * 
 
 ••• ••*••• t*««»i 
 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 do ..... 
 Nova Scotia, 
 do 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Nova Scotia, 
 do .. 
 
 do do 
 
 do vegetablesjsaucesj&c 
 
 Seeds 
 
 Canned lobster 
 
 do do . 
 
 ••••••• •••«••••• 
 
 ••• •••••■ ••■••• 
 
 Canned lobster. 
 Eggs 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. ft S.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. ft S.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. ft S.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 D. ft B.M. 
 D. (G.) 
 D. ft B.M. 
 do 
 do 
 D. (B.) 
 H.M. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 * Intended for '« Chebucto Packing Co.' 
 
 
 { 
 
 1 
 
Canadian Commission. — Pium Mxliibition, 1878.— LiHt of Awards — Conclmhl. 
 
 Award. 
 
 (B.) 
 
 I 
 
 Class 74.-CONDIMENTS AND STIMUfiANTS, SUGAR AND COyPEUTIONSRV. 
 
 ExHiniTon. 
 
 AUURKSS. 
 
 Bttcber, J. W 
 
 BlackTTood, R 
 
 Gharltun, A. E 
 
 Gray, Youna & Sparling 
 
 KirntBtone, C J 
 
 Kingston Bonded Vinegar Works 
 
 Lcfebrre, Michel 
 
 MeCoruiack, T 
 
 BLarpe, T. 8 
 
 T«8ter, T. W. & Co., 
 Troope, 0. V. & Co. 
 
 Halifax. ... 
 Montreal . 
 Hamilton, 
 yoaforth... 
 Warwick., 
 Kingston . 
 
 Montreal . 
 London..,. 
 Ai)otiaqui 
 Montreal. 
 St. John.. 
 
 PROVINCI. 
 
 NoTa Scotia. 
 
 Quebec... 
 
 ()ntario 
 
 do . .■•' 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Exhibit. 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Marmalade 
 
 Cider, ginger ale, ftc 
 
 Golden syrup and vinegar.. 
 Fine, medium and coarse salt 
 
 Halt 
 
 Vinegar and methylated al- 
 cohol 
 
 Vinegar in bottle and bulk... 
 
 Award. 
 
 Ontario Confectionery 
 
 N. Brunsw'k 
 
 Quebec 
 
 N. Brunsw'k 
 
 Butter salt . 
 
 Pop-corn and confectionery . 
 
 Vinegar 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 H.M. 
 
 D. k S M. 
 
 do 
 
 D. (B.) 
 D. k S.M. 
 D. k B M. 
 D. k S.M. 
 D. k B.M. 
 do 
 
 CtAsa 76.-FERMENTED DUINKS. 
 
 Toronto.. 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Toronto . 
 
 Cosgravc k Son. 
 
 Charlton, A. E 
 
 Canada Wine Growers' Associa- 
 tion > 
 
 Hamilton, Dunlop k Co ',Brantford. 
 
 Joy k Co jTilsonburg. 
 
 Gooderham k Woits .Toronto ... . 
 
 Labatt, John ILondon 
 
 Ontario. . 
 do . 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Ale. 
 
 Vinegar and alcohol 
 
 Wines ..•' 
 
 Native wines ... 
 do 
 
 Whiskey 
 
 Ale and porter 
 
 H.U. 
 do 
 
 0. (B.) 
 r>. k B.M, 
 UM. 
 
 D. k G.M. 
 D. k B.M. 
 
 Class 76.-SPECIMENS OF FARM BUILDINGS AND AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 
 
 Grant, Peter., 
 Smart, j 
 
 Clinton jOntario. 
 
 Brockville...i do 
 
 Power hay-fork 
 
 Varieties and foundry work. 
 
 D. k S.M. 
 D, k B.M. 
 
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