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I 
 
 DESCRIPTIOiN AW) UEPORTS 
 
 ""'F (iir. 
 
 (!|0|tpit IKunntain llin^, 
 
 B^To^ciiiWj^^-jsrTTisra- e^y, 
 
 L^KE SUPERIOR 
 
 FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION 
 
 HAMILTON: 
 PRINTED BY T. & K. WHITE, '-SPECTATOR ' OFFICE, PRINCES SQUARE. 
 
 1865. 
 
-3 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND REPORTS 
 
 UPON 
 
 BATCHEWANUNG BAY, 
 
 LAKE SUPERIOR. 
 
 This Copper location is situated on Batchewanung Bay, on the 
 north shore of Lake Superior. ^ 
 
 About a mile from the Lake siiore, there is a perpendicular cliff 
 or bluff nearly six hundred feet above the level of the Lake, the 
 cliffbemg about nine hundred feet in length, and three hundred 
 teet m height from the surface of the surroundinir ground. Wiihin 
 few feet from the edge of this cliff, a very extensive Icde contain- 
 mg rich purple, grey and yellow ore, runs :n an east and west 
 course, cropping out at various parts of the cliff, where the rocks 
 have become detached. The special natural advantages in this 
 valuab.e location, for its economical development, consist of 
 
 1st. A very fine water-power on the property capable of driving 
 
 all the machinery required for crushing and dressing any amount 
 ot ore. ^ •' 
 
 2nd. No artificial drainage or pumping required. 
 
 3rd. No shafts required, the cliff being capable of open excava- 
 
 4th. Its accessibility to the Bay for shipment of the ore, 
 to which, from the Mine, there is a gradual slope of about a mile 
 over which a tramway could be easily constructed, the Bay being 
 a hne land-locked harbour, having a depth of twenty feet of wate? 
 a tew feet from the shore and requiring a very short wharf. 
 
 5th. Abundance of timber, suitable for building and other pur- 
 
 The working expenses of this Mine, would, from these facilities 
 be comparatively light, and are estimated at fully one-third less 
 than those of other Mines in successful operation. 
 
This location has l>ocn for sometime in the hands of the present 
 proprietors, uikJ several explorations of it have been made; but 
 particular reference is made to tiu^ report in 1804, (Appendix, 
 No. 1) of Mr. i'^nwAiM) Bkvan, an experienced miner from the 
 Eastern Townships, and the later report, ISOf), (Appendix, No. 2) 
 of Mr. liiciiAUD ()aii;\, of Montreal. As a guarantee of Mr. 
 Oatev's fitness for the duties assigned to him, the following extract 
 is quoted from Siit William Looan's preface to his (geological 
 Report of (.\\nada : — 
 
 "Mr. liiCiiAKD Oatky, a practical Cornish miner, residing in 
 Montreal, has from time to lime been intrusted with the exami- 
 nation of metallilerous lodes and deposits, particularly those 
 holding load, <'oppcr, silver and gold, with a view of ascertaining 
 their eeonomic value." 
 
 Thijre aie also appended hereto extracts from letters, and a 
 Report, from Mi-. A. McPherson, (Nos. 4 and 5,) a thoroughly 
 practical miner, who has been continuing the explorations since 
 Mr. Oatey's departure from the Mine, which fully confirm the 
 extreme richness of the lode. In the Appendix will also be 
 found a map (No. 0) of the Kiver St. Mary and parts of Lakes 
 Huron and Superior, shewing the position of the Mine; also a 
 plan and sections (No. 7) of the ClifT, in which will be found 
 mark* d the various explorations and points at which the 
 blasts liave been put in, and to which reference is made in the 
 Reports. These various documents, it will be seen, all point 
 ti> the great extent of the deposit, its richness and fine quality, 
 and the facility with which the ore could be dresced to a 
 much higher percentage than is usually shipped. The cash value 
 in England of an ore of twenty -five per cent., to which Mr. 
 Oaley states this could be readily dressed, would be at least 
 Si 00 per ton, and the expense of excavating, crushing and dress- 
 ing at this location has been estimated by competent authority as 
 n(ft exceeding $25 per ton. The expense of transporting such an ore 
 to England, including commissions and other charges, would not 
 exceed $25 per ton, so that a net profit of $50 per ton on twenty- 
 five per cent ore would be realized, equal to a return of one hun- 
 dred per cent on the cost of production and getting to market. 
 The particularly advantageous circumstances above referred to 
 render the prospects of the very profitable working of this Mine 
 highly favorable, and the Reports appended hereto point it out as 
 the most promising exploration yet made on the north shore of 
 Lake Superior. 
 
 Immediate steps will be taken to organize a Company for the 
 working of this valuable property. 
 
 i 
 
to 
 ne 
 
 as 
 of 
 
 he 
 
 A.i>FB:N"r)i22:: 
 
 No. 1. 
 REPORT BY Mk. EDWIN BEVAN. 
 
 Thomas A. Beg ley, Esq. 
 
 Richmond, C. E., 30th Nov., 18G4. 
 
 Sir, — Agreeably to your request I now send you my report 
 on your valuable tnincrai property, iVom ♦•xaiiiiuations tnade in 
 August and September lust. 
 
 This property is situate about one mile inland to the cast of 
 Batohewanunjr Bay, Lake Superior. On my arrival there, my at- 
 tiMition was first attracted by the high cliirs of rocl<s with their 
 great adhering masses of quartzose veinstone stained with green 
 and blue cf.rbonates ofcopper. In travelling over the vast he ps 
 of debris fallen down from the cliffs, I observed a great quantity 
 of large and small rocks of felspar and quartzosc veinstones carry- 
 ing purple and grey copper ores, with small portions of specr.lar 
 iron, that first led me to think the greater portion of the debris 
 had fallen down from the lode, but by means of an open cutting 
 through the upper part of the debris from eight to ten feet deep, 
 I found no copper, or scarcely any, below six feet. It would 
 therefore appear that previous to any of the lode having fallen 
 down, the greater portion of the debris had been part of the 
 mountain adjoining the lode on the south, which exposed the same 
 in many places for a length of three hundred feet, at depths vary- 
 ing from six to one hundred and ffty feet from the top of the 
 mountain, carrying rich purple and :;-^y copper ores. 
 
 At the west end of the mountain slope near to the level ground, 
 just previous to our leaving, two or three holes were blasted on 
 the back of the lode which shewed very rich grey sulpheret and 
 green carbonate ofcopper. At a point two or three hundred feet 
 east where the south part of the lode is exposed, at depths varying 
 from fifty to one hundred and fifty feet from the top of the mountain, 
 several holes wore blasted in different places, which threw out con- 
 siderable quantities of purple and grey copper ores of a high per 
 centage. 
 
 From this point eighty to ninety feet fiirthcr oast, the face of 
 of the Mountain has fallen down and forms a !«lope of 25° or 30^, 
 and completely covers the lode at this place, except to the right and 
 left where the lode is seen at a depth of one hundred and fifty feet 
 down from the top, dipping south at an angle of 80°. 
 
At a point over four hundred feet further eastward another 
 discovery of the lode was made from fourteen to eighteen feet in 
 width, within twenty feet of a high slope, and eighteen feet in depth, 
 carrying rich masses of purple and grey copper ores. This was 
 first thought to be another lode, but at a point eighty feet west 
 further explorations in clearing and cutting away the trees, and re. 
 moving the surface earth ten or twelve feet across the lode, some 
 holes were blasted on the north of the lode, which threw out largo 
 massive rocks of purple grey and yellow copper ores of a high 
 per ceiitage. 
 
 The section of the lode explored and opened up is about eight 
 hundred feet in length and varies from fourteen to eighteen feet in 
 width. The true course of the lode so far as discovered, appears 
 to be about east 20° south magnetic line, or 4° north of true east. 
 Small veins from two to eight inches thick containing the same 
 kind of ores are also found in this mountain, gneiss being the most 
 predominate rock on both north and south of the lode. 
 
 This mine is so advantageously situated as to give every advan- 
 tage for working in the cheapest way. You have a splendid water 
 power at command without which no mine can be so well prose- 
 cuted with a view to so profitable results. 
 
 You can pick up all the copper ore that has fallen down from 
 the lode and lay it aside in large heups, then levelling the debris 
 you can blast down thousands of tons from the lode, and at the 
 same time you can drive in a level and obtain twenty fathoms of 
 backs which will at the same time drain oft' all the water that may 
 percolate through the lode, and give you plenty of room for storing 
 away your ore. You will not require a pumping engine for 
 many years, and with a small outlay you can lay down a tramroad 
 and so tram all your ore to the crushing house to prepare it for 
 market. 
 
 I can only add that, having worked in, and superintended as 
 mining Captain the working of, mines in different parts of the world 
 for the last thirty years, I have never met with a property offering 
 such facilities and possessing such advantages as yours. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 Edwin Bevan. 
 
No. 2. 
 REPORT BY Mr. RICHARD OATEY. 
 
 To Thomas A. Begley, Esq. 
 
 Sib, — Having been engaged by you to examine your Copper 
 Mine location, situated about a mile from the Lake shore, at the 
 tmst end of Batchawanung Bay, Lake Superior, I proceeded on 
 the 17th July, 18C5, to Lake Superior, for the purpose of inspect- 
 ing this location, and arrived at Batchawanung Bay, on the 27th 
 of the same month,and immediately commenced the task assigned 
 me, ond having devoted thirteen days on the location to the accom- 
 plishment of this object, I beg to place before you, very respect- 
 fully for your consideration, the following report : 
 
 About a mile from the Lake shore at Batchawanung Bay, Lake 
 Superior, there is a high mountain, the top of which is about one 
 hundred fathoms above the level of the surface of the water in the 
 Lake. This mountain presents a very bold, high cliff, facing 
 Batchawanung Bay, and is about one hundred and fifty fathoms 
 in length — its bearing, east, 120° south. 
 
 The front of the cliff is marked by being stained and coated 
 over with green and blue carbonate of copper. The cliff is per- 
 pendicular in some places, but in other places, it rather overhangs, 
 and there has fallen down from it a very large amount of broken 
 rocks, which are lying along in heaps, at the foot of the cliff, from 
 east to •A'est. This rubbish is generally all stained and coated over 
 with green and blue carbonate of copper ; besides there are found 
 among this rubbish good stones of grey and purple horse-flesh 
 copper-ore. 
 
 The eastern end of the mountain rather narrows, but has a bold 
 cliff, underlying, east, about nine inches to a fathom, facing the 
 valley, which comes round from the front of the niountoin. 
 
 The western end of the mountain gradually slopes down to an 
 angle of about 45°. 
 
 Three distinct cross courses are seen in the face of the clifi" the 
 first about forty fathoms to the west of the eastern end of the 
 mountain, the second about fifty fiithoms to the east of the western 
 end of the mountain, and the other in the centre, between those 
 two described. The bearings of these three cross-courses are all 
 in the same direction, a little west of north, and south of east, and 
 their underlie is the same, west south-west, about one foot to the 
 fathom. 
 
I' i'' 
 
 8 
 
 The eastern cross-course is about three feet wide, filled with 
 quartz and wall-rock, and its walls are well defined. 
 
 The western cross-course is about eighteen feet wide, filled 
 with quartz and wall-rock, and its walls are well defined. 
 
 The centre cross-course is about three and a-half feet wide, 
 filled with quartz and wall-rock, and its walls well defined. 
 
 A little to the north of the face of the cliflT, a lode runs through 
 the mountain in an easterly and westerly course, and near the 
 eastern end, on the top of the mountain, an open costeening 
 trench has been cut on the run of the lode, we5!terly about fifteen 
 fathoms in length and about eight feet wide, from the north 
 wail of the lode, transversely southward towards the cliff; but 
 in this distance the south wall of the lode has not been reached, 
 which proves the lode to be largo, and its full breadth not 
 ascertained. 
 
 The lode in this working has a very promising and prosperous 
 indication, containing grey, purple, horseflesh and yellow copper 
 ores, which generally are mixed with quartz, trap and bastard 
 granite rocks. 
 
 About forty fathoms west from the eastern end where the lode 
 strikes the eastern cross course, another open costeening trench 
 has been cut five fathoms in length, on the run of the lode, and 
 about eight feet wide. The appearance in this opening is good, 
 and similar to what has been described in the fin^t, containing 
 grey, purple, horse-flesh and yellow copper ore. The Aill breadth 
 of the lode has not been ascertained in this working. 
 
 A third costeening pit has been sunk between those two de- 
 scribed openings. The lode has] here been struck, and two blasts 
 which have been made in the lode, threw out a good mixture of 
 grey, purple, horse flesh and yellow copper ore, generally mixed 
 with quartz, trap and bastard granite rocks. In the costeening 
 trenches the lode has been proved forty fathoms westerly from 
 the eastern end of the mountain, where the lode strikes the eastern 
 cross-course. In these limits the lode presents a very favorable 
 indication to be prosperous for yielding a good supply of copper 
 ore to the fathom, that could be brought up speedily by dressing, 
 to 25 per cent. It has been noticed that the bearing of the face of 
 the mountain is east, 20° south, and the run of the lode through 
 the mountain nearly due east and west, which courses bring the 
 lode in its westerly bearing through the mountain near to the 
 south face of the cliff", and here whero the lode comes near to the 
 cliff'it is marked by being stained and coated over with green and 
 
two de- 
 ) blasts 
 ture of 
 
 mixed 
 
 ening 
 from 
 jastern 
 ^orable 
 [copper 
 jessing, 
 Iface of 
 
 irough 
 
 hig the 
 
 I to the 
 
 the 
 
 3n and 
 
 9 
 
 blue carbonate of copper, which indicates that the lode to the 
 north of the cliff is well filled with copper. 
 
 At the eastern end of the mountain the lode is about ten fathoms 
 north from the face of the Cliff*. 
 
 In these limits a number of branches of quartz are seen, and all 
 generally contain copper, with spots of specular iron ; and from 
 east to west, in the line of the face of the Cliff, various branches of 
 quartz are seen, which contain, grey, purple and horse-flesh copper 
 ore, with spots of specular iron attached to the same. 
 
 Between these three cross courses in the mountain, the indica- 
 tions are prosperous, and shew the lode to be exceedingly large, 
 its breadth being from the north granite wall rock of the lode seen 
 in the costeening trenches to the south face of the cliff", which as 
 it has been observed, is marked, as being stained and coated over 
 with green and blue carbonate of copper. 
 
 There is no appearance of the lode having been heaved by the 
 cross courses. 
 
 It has been remarked that the western end of the mountain 
 gradually slopes down to an angle of 45°. Two lodes of about 
 six feet wide each, generally filled with quartz, are seen near to 
 the foot of the slope, where the mountain drops down into the 
 lower lands. One of these lodes is near the south face of the 
 cliff, and the other a short distance north of the cliff. The quartz 
 in both lodes is spotted with grey, horse-flesh and yellow copper 
 ore. On the bearing of those lodes westerly, the land is covered 
 with trees and vegetation, which should be cut down speedily,and 
 the lodes opened on their run in their western course in the lower 
 lands. 
 
 The rock in this location is a bastaid granite, and patches of a 
 black trap are in places found overlying the granite. 
 
 A short distance of about an acre and a half, west north-west 
 from the western end of the mountain, there is a good stream of 
 water, and, by putting a dam across this stream, a headway could 
 be obtained, furnishing a power which could easily be made 
 available for purposes of crushing copper ore and dressing it for 
 market, besides sawing lumber for mining purposes. 
 
 On this location there is, likewise, abundance of timber of excel- 
 lent quality, consisting of lieach, birch, tamarac, spruce, cedar and 
 pine. Many of the trees are of large size ; and the produce 
 of this timber, in combination with the water power, greatly 
 enhances the value of the Mine. The soil is rich and fertile for 
 
10 
 
 all agricultural purposes, and oats, barley and other grain, as also 
 vegetables of all descriptions,could be cultivated without difficulty. 
 
 The harbour at Batchawanung Bay is an excellent one, with 
 a good depth of water, good 'anchorage, and is always perfectly 
 safe and accessible, except when obstructed by the ice in winter. 
 
 The distance, by water, to Sault Ste. Marie, is forty-five miles, 
 and the distance, overland, to the same place is twenty -three miles 
 and one quarter. 
 
 Before concluding this Report, I would mention my obligations 
 to Mr. Alexander McPherson, a most experienced and practical 
 miner, belonging to the Bruce and Wellington Mines, who got 
 permission from Captain Plummer to come up to Lake Superior, 
 to assist in exploring this location. 
 
 The time occupied in our examination of the Mine was thirteen 
 days, during the whole of which the weather was exceedingly fine, 
 and Mr. McPherson and his party vigorously pushed on the 
 work to their best, and I am happy that our exertions have resulted 
 in exposing a good lode of copper in the costeening trenches. 
 
 1 am, Sir, 
 
 Yours most respectfully, 
 
 (Signed) RICHARD OATEY. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 (Extract from a letter of Mr. Richard Oatey, dated 21st October, 1865.) 
 
 " Mining operations should be commenced in the face of the 
 Cliff on the top of the mountain, which is marked by being stained 
 and coated over with green and blue carbonate of copper, which 
 is an indication of there being an abundance of copper near the 
 face of the Cliff. This master lode is spread to an exceedingly 
 large breadth between the three cross courses, and the mountain 
 being of so great a height, with a bold cliff, affords great advan- 
 tages for mining, so that a dollar and a half per cubic yard would 
 be a fair estimate for excavating on the lode in the face of the 
 Cliff, and saving the copper clean from the poorer rocks. In the 
 open costeening trenches it is excavated in places forty fathoms 
 in length on the run of the lode westerly from the eastern end of 
 the mountain. The lode shews in these workings as if it would 
 produce between two and three tons of copper ore of about 
 
11 
 
 twenty-five per cent to a fathom, and the crushing and dressing 
 of the ore would be w orth about one eighth of the above per- 
 centage. 
 
 " The water privilege on this location to drive a crusher and 
 dress the ore, &c., is of great value to the mine." 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 (Extracts from Mr. A. McPherson's Letter, dated ^ >th Sept., 1805.) 
 
 " We started work on the top of the mountain, at the east end 
 of the lode, which is proving very good. When you blast you 
 would think you were walking into the Wellington Copper Yard. 
 We then tried fifty fathoms to the west, which is also working very 
 well — the large specimens are from about four fathoms from the 
 east end, three are from fifty fathoms from the east, and one from 
 two hundred fcelj west at the bottom." * * * "I think there 
 is no use to drive a cross cut in the cast end, for the further we 
 go down, the copper is getting better every blast we put into it. 
 This last week we have raised all of three tons of ore, so you may 
 have an idea of how it is looking since you were here." * * * 
 " If you see Mr. Oatey, you can tell him the ore is extending 
 from north to south from about twelve to fourteen feet." 
 
 No. 5. 
 REPORT OF Mu. W. A. McPHERSOxN. 
 
 Bruce Mines, 30th Oct 1865. 
 
 J returned here with the men I employed from Batchewa- 
 nung Bay on Saturday last, the 28th inst., and I beg leave to 
 report to you the work I have done, and the present appear- 
 ance of the mine. 
 
 At the east end I have sunk nine feet and sloped three, and I 
 am happy to be able to say that I found the mine better at the 
 depth of nine feet than on the surface. 
 
 At about two hundred feet from the west end and at the foot 
 of the Cliff, I commenced a cross-cut and drove fifteen feet, cutting 
 
a branch of first-rate ore, four feet wide, and reached a baud of 
 syenite, where I stopped. I then to the west of the first cross 
 course blasted two hoIes,which gave an excellent appearance of ore. 
 
 From the sinkiu;^ and sloping done, I consider that ore enough 
 is obtained to pay for these explorations, a thing not usual in 
 mines. I calculate tliat the ore I have broken will yield seven 
 tons of dressed ore, which, from its nature, must be of a high 
 per centagc. 
 
 Trusting that my operations nmy prove satisfactory lo you, 
 
 I remain, &c,, 
 
 (Signed), ALEX. McPHERSON. 
 
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