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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la m^thode. by errata led to ent jne pelure, fapon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 X The Gold Measures df Nova Scotia and Deep Mining. BY E. R. FARIBAULT. B. Sc. (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.) TOOCTHER WITH Other Papers bearing uponINova Scotia Gold Mines, filDITEO AND PUBLISHED BY THE MINING SOCIETY OF NOVA SCOTIA. ROOMS OF THE SOCIETY i 181 HALIFAX HOTEL, HALIFAX, N. S. HALIFAX PRINTINO CO., 181 MOI.IIS IT. M35tO ^' ^: 4 Mining Machinery AND Mining Supplies A quarter of a century at this business inas given us a thorougii icnowledge of the requirements of— ^- COAL, GOLD, IRON AND COPPER MINES. WE ARE AGENTS FOR The McBullock Manuf g Co.'s DIAMOND DRILLS. AND ALSO FOR ENGINES, BOILERS, STEAM PUMPS, HOISTS, PIJLSOMETEHS, AIR COMPRESSORS, ROCMv CRUSHERS, c^-e. AND HAVE A LARGE STOCK OF lllOX ril»E, STEEL IMCKS, SHOVELS, HELTIXG, CACKLXU, HOSE, HKATTK'E CLOTH, WlUE ROI'E, CHROME STEEL SHOES AM) DIES, CYLINDER, EX(U\E, DYNAMO AND KEROSENE OILS, WASTE, ETC. ESTIMATES RNISHED. AUSTEN BROS. HALIFAX, N. S. Acadia Powder Co. LiniTED. METROPOLE BUILDING. 191. 193 HOLLIS ST. Telephone 251. HALIFAX. N. S. '-:i MANUFACTURERS OF ''Acadine" Flameless Explosive, Blasting & Sporting Powder, Dynamite, ^S*^ other grades of H igh Explosives. The "Acadine" flameless explosive is alj.solutely llani'.i'^s.s. II has been used in the iiiosl gaseous coal inine.s in the I'ictou District continuously for years and has never shown tlanie. This company manufactures sev nil SPECIAL GRADES OF BLAS- TING POWDER for use in coal mines, esj)ecially fabricated for use with safety and to give the most economic results under the coi.ditions existing where used. These special grades are ])ut in pellets or cart- ridges when recjuired. This Company manufactures all grades of HIGH EXPLOSIVES adapted t(j all purposes for which high explosives are used. Ivich case of dynamite is guaran- teed to contain the percentage of nilro-glycerine its brands specifies. MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS FOR i<:li-:ctric b.vttivriks i>;lt'CTric I'l'/.i-is. l.K.VDINt; WIRb:. CONXICCTINc; WIRlv SAi'irrv I'l'Sb:. dktoxators. KIvKCTRIC lU.ASTINC. AFPAKATTS. All goods manufactured or sold by this Company are fully guaranteed. I. :i e, es. i |V\ ining ]\|achinery We will l)t' plcasnl t(i I'liniisli I'lill in'.nniiatiiMi ri';i'iir< aiiir Uiiowii ;il)i)ut the year |S»i(). 'I'iie eai'lirst eolo district lyinj; west of Halifax, J'l-ofe.s.sor Fwiiley has examined in less detail, the counties of Lmienbui'^', (^lueens, Shell)urne and Yarmouth. In these districts tlxjre are lar<^er (piantities of <;ranite, but the same <;eneral structure is j)reserved. The maps and rep(jj'ts relatin^j to the t^old fields are invaluable to ^foUl miners, and can be obtaine(l by payment of nominal prices from tlu^ ottice of the Canadian (Jeoloiiical Survey at Ottawa. The ([uartz veins of Nova Scotia occu)- in these antielinals intercalated between the layers of quartzite and slate as bi-ds running ])arallel with the strata. They are seen to turn on their course where the anticlinal axis has })ecome depi'essod, and uuder- {^round opei'ations have shown them risinj^' up on one side and di])pine; down a|;ain o|i the revei.se side, without a break in their contiiuiity, or j^nvine- any surface indication of their existence. They extend in many cases for thousands of feet, and have been followed to depths of seven hundred feet in their vertical exten- sion. In size they vary from an inch up to twelve or fifteen feet, many of the most pi'oducti\'e are fi'om six to fifteen inch»>s in thickness. They ])resent in spite of their bedded position, many of the characteristics of typical veins. Their essential ine-redient is ([uartz, varying; in texture and color : in many of the more productive veins prt^sentiii";' a smooth surface and Thr (;,>!,/ Fiehh of Xi>ni Scofia. bluish shade. There Is always present a vavyhi^' percenta(>-(> of ii'oii. t'oppe)', lead and zhic sulphides and ti'ace.s of otiier minerals. ('ri)ss UP fissure veins also occur at Rawdon, Caribou, Block- house, ()ldliaiii, Ih'ookHeld, etc., and are rre(|uently jii'oductive. The «;'old is pi'esent cluiractoristieally ni the free state ns iri'e- ^ular masses, \aryin;j,' from micro.scopic particles to irregular patches, often sevei'al ounces in \V( i^-ht. It is also present in tilms covered by the metallic accompaniments, and as invisible particles in them. '^Fhere are also (|Uart/ veins almost free from sulphide's, etc., yieldiii;;' ;4'old in workable amounts, althouj^,'!) it is not \isil)l('. But little attention has yet been paid to this class of \eins. unattackable bv the ordinary (luai'tz mills, althouu'h adaj)ted for chemical treatment by the more modern systems. In the \eins the ^old is siMiietimes distributed with comj^'H'ative um'formity ovei* considerable ai'eas : usually, howevei-, it is moic or less concentrated within cei'tain beds and more abiuidantly in the slates. The lattei' when in contact with the quartz freiiuently show it in thin platin<;s, and the small vein- lets of (juai'tz seaming;' the slates often carry o'old. When one or more (piartz \'eins occur in conni'ctioii with a slate bed, the whole bed is fre(pjently rich enough to be worked as a low grade ore. As will be .shown further on, practical experience has taught the miner that ]M'otitable low gra. as far as denu rich veins and the lai-ge bodies of low grade (|uart/ worked in Xova Scotia, with few exci'ptions, follow the lines of stratification, and occur at well defined ])oints along the anticlinal axes of the folds. It was during the |)rogre.ss of the slow folding of the measures, that the rich (piai'lz veins and laig'e saddle-lodes of (|ua?'tz were formed, at favorable places, along the planes of bedding on the anticlinal domes of the folds. Thus a thorough knowledge of the structure (jf the anticlinal fold becomes necessajy, to locate the auriferous (piartz: deposits on the surfact^, and to develop them in depth. In f racing the axes of the folds at the surface, the dip of the rocks is the chief guide. If the strata ai'e found to dip towards each othei", it is cknir they form a synclinal axes ov trough : while, if they dip in opposite directions they form an anticlinal axis oi* ridge. The rocks, on opposite sides of the anticlinal axes, generally dip at angles varying between forty-five and ninety degrees Till- (liilil Mt'dsii ri's oj Xni'ii Scdiiil (t 11(1 Ihiji MiiiiiKj. '.) 'T or an IVoiii the li()i'i/,:)ii, seldom lower than t'nrt \-ti\c {leo'rees, ami o\erUii'iK'(l < " Ivawrencelowii 2 " Goklenville, Harrigan Cove, Gold Iroup thouo-h apparently les fre(|Uently. This is an important fact wnth i'et>ai'd to deep minino- on tht; domes of aJiticlines. The manner in which th(> strata are bent ovt'r the axial lines is worthy of note. The strata in folding- do not b.^nd i-ound a centre, to form circular cui'ves, but their curves are more like parabolas, superimposed upon one another. This is due to tlu' ihnnenise lateral pressure which has eompivssed these beds, especially the slate bands, on either side of the fold, pr()ducin<;' a thickeninir of the strata and openin a)'e said to \t'yy seldom extend to e-i-oiter de]ith than one hundred feet below the caj) of the saddle reid's : which would correspond pi'oportionately to "2,000 feet in Xova Scotia- These saddle reefs in l>endi<''o, ai'e not oidv ot "reat size •.nd and of renuirkable persistence in len<;th, but are also notabli' \\)V recurrint; in depth, one below the other. At the Lazarus mine, Bendinc), there are from the surface to the 2, '200 Foot level, no less than twenty-four of t) cse saddle reefs, thirteen of which are auriferous to a payable o.-^ihm', ami some of f^M'eat size. At Bendi<;o, on the Slst Dec, l;o. The Montreal-London (lold and Sil\er J)evelo])ment Co. largely composed of Montreal capitalists, which ac((uired lately the Dufferin mine at Salmon Rivr, is at present sinking; o\. the dome of the anticlinal fold a vertical shaft, with cross-cuts and levels, which has reached a depth (,i' over 800 feet. 1 am glad to call the attention of the meeting to this development, wdn'ch may bo considered the first important step in the introduction of ; X. TIk: (roll! Mt'dsares of Norn Si'nfla and Dcij) Mi huh/. /•/ ii iH'W .systcin of miniiij;, and will, no doubt, l)i' tlic infUi;;nr;i(ioii of u new (Til of cxtc'is'-.t' r.iul ixTinancnt deep niiiiiii;;' in Xo\ii Scotiii. Pi'W rciialilc diitii i-iin Ijr oUtaini'd rci>ardin<'' the rclatisc I'icli- nrss of tlu' ditl'i'iTiit parts of tlir saddle ri'cfs and It'o's onasliarp fold, Itut many Noins, worked ^m Khr ape\ of the fold, sneli as tile Hic'liardson lead at Isaacs ilarixtr, the Dutt'erin lodes at Salmon Hiver, and the IHsmiirck lead at iMouseland, show that the vein is I'ichei- or can be worked with more profit on the sad- dle than on tlu' le^s. Ju till' ease of a broad fold, when the anti'le formed b\ tiie dips on both sides of the antielini.' is over forty-tive dcoTees, the veins do not acipiire any f^'ivat development alonji' the axial lines, and the eidare'ements ai'e founil rather at a eertain distance from the axis. The thickness of the strata denuded, eliieflv since the foldine, has already been shown t(j Ije very eTeat, reaching- on some anti- clines ein'ht miles. This sui)ei'incundjent mass oi' I'ock exerted a powerful piessure which has to ))e taken into account in tlu; foldin^i,' process. It is evident, that in the sharp folds this ])res- suie has been completely overcome by the latei'al pressure, but it has had luuloubtedly uuich iuiluence on the shape of the broad folds and the development of <|uart/. This pressure accounts, no doubt, for the fact tliat lai-^'e veins are seldom found between strata dipping at lower angles than foi'tv or tiftv dejirees. Moreover, (»n a broad fohb iit the siu'face, important veins are found only at a cei'taiu distance from the anticlinal axis, and within a limited /one of strata, AH var^'ing between 200 and 1,000 feet. That is to say, (piartz veins were formed on a pari CI) of the fold, where the cond3ined forces of the lateral and of the downward pressure ha\e detei-mined the greatest strain an Tim x'ciiiM uloii;;," tlic lens of the lol Is urc imicli simiUcr, nvcni;^- iii;^ IVoiii four inchcH to nuv foot, but oFtcMi liir^^cr. Miuiv (iiiart/ V(MMs aro also t'oiiiul cuttiiiir the stratiMcation at various auiflos : souic arc ol' ^^rcat tliicku<'ss. many aiv aiu'if- (M'ous, aud a few have hccu opci'atcil witli notable profits. They arc of later origin ^ffucrally, tliati the iut(M'stratitit'(l veins, and soine of tlieni may be I'ouf^dily cojiteniporaneous with the intru- sion of iiranite. ThcMr richness is been traced from the surface alon<>' a <;'entle incline tor as much as 1.800 feet, with extraordinary uniformitj'. In many instances, two or three pay-streaks have been determined in the samt; vein lyin^ parallel under one another for some dis- tance. This mode of occurrence is nece.ssai'ily limited to the poi'tion of that vein situated in the pay-zone. The laws o-overnino; the position and extent of the pay- j^round or pay-streaks are intimately connected with the struct- i Jfi Til'' (I'lifil Firhls i>f' Xui'ii Si'iiflii, re i»r till' Mhticliiial folds mid nw .similur t<» lli»»-.i' Mlrriid\" laid w dold districts an- ditlicult t(/ olitain with any dt';;i't'i' of ])iT('i-ayine; (piantity to a eri-ut dej)tli, iiiay^ iie\ertheless, be sulliciently rich to be work»;d with profit for a g'reat length alone- certain lines ])arallel with the anticlinal axis : that a \ein barrt-n at tlit> siu'facc 1> may bp rich in ; the most productive in the world. 'nii\y laiil »t/ Veins, ri the (lif- ■<• f/Uy//-yiirrfi/ ;/u//)-s//f a: 1/5 o • 5 « Nl < es of Nova Scotia and Deep Mining, PLATE VI. f! a > s I] i ■f Extract From Discussion at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mining Institute, March i, 1899. Mk. Andrews — J was (|uite inteivsted in Mr. Faribault's cotnparison betwooii tlie leads in Heii(lio(> and the leads in Nova Scotia, especially with regard to their development in depth, and it was rather surprising- to lae to find that our leads compare so favorably with them. My limited experience has principally been in connection with some of the lartj;c bodies of ore in Nova Scotia, and particularly with those cominj; in close proximity to the anticlinal formation. I have watched Mr. Faribault explain all these formations, and I tiiid that his conclusions coincide almost exactly with my own experience For instance at the Kichardson mine, at the time of the discovery of that reef, the anticlinal formation was not much of an accepted theory. The lead was first discovered on the south dip, and it was developed by tunnelint;- eastward. The tunnel followino- the lead curved ^•radually northward, and then to the westward, forming a horse- shoe, provinj.^ that tlie vein was on the eastern pitch of a dome. One reason why at that place we wore enabled to obtain our (|uartz so cheaply was on account of the location of our shaft house, which was eventually located at the turn, there already l)einj^ a shaft dipping to the south-east : and after some expen- sive work, there were three shafts suidv on the turn of the anti- clinal, all of which came to the sui'face at one big shaft house, so that all the i-oek was handled at the one place. The proper way to develop sucli a district, would be, xs Mr. Faribault suggests, to sink a perpendicular shaft on the anticline through the lead or belt and jarry it deeper to other saddle reefs lying one beneath the other in the same fold. 1 know there are a great many peo- i-v Tlie (t'nhl Fields of Noca Scotia. pic wlio ai'i' uiidt'i' th(^ iiiipivssioii tliat iiiiniii^' operations in Aus- tralia are contiiied to (Mie lead, whereas, as a niattei" ol' fact, tln' laro'cr mmes have extended then* operations m depth toannnibei- of loads: but after all then, the laro-eand uuniercjus saildle-i-eefs and veins, which have been worked to such great depths in Aus- tralia, would not ')e as extcnsi\e by one-twentieth as those likely to V met with in depth in tiie Nova Scotiji foi-niation. This fact \n rey-ard to mil 'y;in Xova Scotia is a matter of nreat i'licouragement. I, for one, thouoh not born a Nova Scoti.ui, but one who has spent a {;"reat deal of time there, beliine that -Mr. [■'"'aribault is deservinof of a _i;reat deal of thard' in Nova Scotia is so perfunctory that I cannot form a conclusion with re<^ard to it. This paper of Mr. F^aribault's puts a new face upon tiie whole <|Uestion. It will encoura(i|,-e those who ha\-e invested money in Nova Scotia ami who have' been discouraged by the woik the\- have done, to extend their operations, it has determined mi; to point out to my friends the hio-h and bi'tter hopes they ouoht t(» have, if they would only put back a little of the money they have already taken out. IIS ill Aus- ■ fact, tli<- a iiuiiibcr (Mlf-r('i.'r.s lis ill Ans- as those 'oniiatioii. r of «;-ivat ■otian, but that Mr. ' woi'k ht' ut a very )lll cxti'iul Vi\ Scotia 'allvthev n), ii'iviiin' oil a tcii- thc veins ill I'-eiidi- iiiu'iit by lill(> V('iiis Miiiiiiii' :)tia is so iv(\ to it. iu> whole iioiiey ill 1)1" Iv they kmI iiii; to ouo-ht to lev the\- Notes of the Mining of Low Grade Gold Ore in Nova Scotia. By Mr. C. !•. ANDRlvWS, Isaac's Harbour, X. S. Rearl before tlic Canadian Mining Institute, Fcbiuary .Sril, 1S!17. [ii view of the iiiteri'st which at pivsuut is bciui; awakened ill tlio low f;'i'a(le o-old ores of Nova Scotia, some personal obser- vatioiis ill this line may not come amiss : tiio purpose of this paper is, therefore, to u'ive an outline of some personal expe- riences while mauai;'er of the Kichardsou Mine at Isaac's Harbor, in the Province of Nova Scotia. 'riu.' writ(!r does not for a moment claim that all the metlujds adopted diirino- this experience hav(! been at all times as satis- factory as he could have v/ished. Circumstances often compel us, when we cannot obtain that which wo could desii'e, to accept that which of thing's obtainable, comes the nearest to ineetin^f our wishes. The Richardson belt is composed of slate and (piart/C, between ren'ular walls of whin. It is located in what is known as Stor- mont (Jold District as the (}old Bi-ook Anti-clinal (also called the Upper Si'al Harbor Anti-clinal) the cour.se of which is N. 62 W. and S. (i'2 K. : and aloim- which auriferous belts, lodes and drift have been discovered for a belt narrowed down considerably. Eastward the belt turned in a northerly direction increased in width to 18 feet and lay very flat, the dip chano-ino; from south to east: coutinuiii!^, it swunj;- around and ran vvestwardly, assumiuj^' a, north dip and ^rovvin^ smaller a«;ain than on the t\n'n. The mill for ci'ushint'' this ore is hjcated about three liundrtMl il> Th>: (ivld Fields of Xix-d ^rolia. y.'irds t'roin tlu' niiiic on clu shore of ii lake, from which the water supply is ol)tained. The ore is conveyed from the mine in car« iumiiii};' over steel rails, laid the jjrreater part of the distance on trestle work. These ears are hauled 1)\' means of a steel cable, the power hein^ taken fi-om the mill. Tlu; total expense for liaula<£e avei'a<;'es about three cents per ton, including renewals of ears, ropes, wheels, axles, &c. When first started the mill was furnished with but Hfteen stamps: a few months later the number was inci'cased to twenty, and later to forty. The following- extracts fron\ a repoi-t of the dii'ectors in .Tunc, 1(S04. may be of interest, it Ixmuo- ri'iiiembei-ed that the mill then consisted of twent\' stami)s with hand -breaking" an suppoited hy leaving blocks or pillars of ore." It may bf statcij \\vvr that the underhand method ol" .st(»|)iti;4 was employe*!. In an att(Mn[)t to use tlu' overhan<] nietliod it was found that the slate between the veins of (|\iartz was uut firm and solid »inou \ \ ') IJIake breaker, I'roni whiwh it Tails into a liin. ( 'ars are rini under the hins where the ore is allowed to I'all into them. They are then I'un out on the main track and hauled l»y the wire cable to the ndll, where they arednei|ie(| into a hill of 500 tons ca])aeity. 'I'lieiice the ore runs throueh sho(»ts into tile ;iutomatic feeders supplyiiij; tiie mortars, ('op- )>er plates are used inside these mortars. The surface dimen- sions of the outside jdates are \2 fl. (i in. \ 4 ft. Alt 'i' passino- over the outside ])lates and through mercury traps, the sand is di.scai'ded no attempt hein;^' made at concentration. ill the i.'ine vM'vy attention has been paid to workini^' the rock to the greatest ad\antaee. ( )m account of the dij) to tht^ Si'ains in the l»r]t, it has liceii found that two drills workiny; toward tlie west accomplish as much as three drills workiuj;; towards the cast, 'i'he works lielow ai'e no \ sii))|ilied with a ree'ulai' svstem of tracks o\er which the ore is c(ai\-e\-ed in trol- leys to the eleetric-lijihted loading' stau'es at the shafts. The south shaft, heiiio' the main shaft, is supplie(l with two skip tracks, one for the ''ast and one for the west ore. The pump way is hetwceii the skip ti acks ami a little helow them, or nearer the foot wall : thus heino' out of the way when ore is heiiio- loaded into the skips or tiniher In-ine- unloaded from them. The ladder- way is a compjirtnient In' itself cril)l)ed u)) under the foot-wall cribbiiio'. w'here it pas.ses thioue'h the surface material, thus l)ein(^ out of the wav of nnvthinu' which could fall or injure a man. The slope of the shaft is so ilat that no lad< (if I he Mi.iiiiK/ iif I. (Ill' drrili' (liijil (>!'<'. > > imi'tli Hlial't this rock bi'iii;^' luiistcil I'lom tlu' scuitli slml't. 'I'lic stujx's firr then coiitiiMU'il Wist hcyoiul tlu' north shiil't Mild t!ic oi'i' hoist('(l IVoiii the iKtrlh shal't. Thus whilf on- hiis Ix'i'M hoisted tVoiii h)th shal'ts, tin' siiil\iiii;' and •\|)"iis('s (•mil' -ti'd tlii'i' 'witli liuvc l)'i'ii (•(iiihiii'd to oii' shal't. The iiiiiiilH-r of haiiil-drills I'lnpioycd In re to proihicc 2000 tons of crushiiij;; ore per montli lias ncxcr exceeded nine — two men to M ih'ili. The surface plant a( the mine consists of a (iO li.p. tulm- iar holler set in l)rick, and a ")() h.p. coiupoiind eii;j,'iiie set (ai ci.i;ei cte i'oiuidat ion. 1' loois of eiieine and hoiliT rooms are of concrete. The lioisti"^' machine is a iloiihle drum one, hiiilt es])e- cially hy the .leuckes Machine ( "o., and laid on a coiici-ete foun- dation. The drums are siile hy side and of the usual con,' fric- tion type: hut insteail ol' heine dri\en hy twosiiiiill cylinders altaclied lo it , its di'ivine' shaft isdri\(ii 1)\- helt and i)ulle\' from the comiiound eiieine : the same eiciiie sei'vine' to dri\'e tlu; |)umpin;^' i^'ear ami the rock hicaker. The experiiuiee liore has heeii that it is fai' more economical to drive everythiiie- from one compound eiii;'iiii' than from a nuniher of smaller ones, particu- larly where all machines are working' coutiiinally day an<] nie'ht. The eiie'iiicer tires his own hniler, and no extra attendance is re(|uired h)r the hoistine' maciiiiies. Thus, the deckman when not eiieaucd in r)rini>in!i' uii or lowerine' skii)s, can wash and assort ores. The water from the mine pump is dischare-ed into a tank under a hatch in the peak of the roof. A hose from tiiis ,ser\i's for washing- (|uart/- or for tire pni'poses The buildino'is heated h\' exhaust steam from the eneine, and like the mill, foi"o;e, work- shop, stables, ofHce, nuuiao'crH house, etc., is lie-liteil hy electri- city. At the mill the plant consists of forty 850 lb. stamps, two return tubular boilers, one Hi x 42 (Vn-liss en^'ine, one Wortli- inu'ton duplex steam ])ump, 'M inch suction and .S" discharge, one Northey pinnp of the same description, a dynamo for liohtine- purposes, and the hauliniij ovar for brino'lnj;' the ore from the mine, 'i'he forty stamps are ai'raneed in a row, and the ore bin •'i The (I'oh/ F'ulils nf X,,ni Sroiln. ('Xt«'ll ni-. \n'v ton of coiuHMitrates. In ncitlior Maniple was ficr j^rold or iimal<;!nn (letcctiMl. The majority (jf tlui arsenical ii'on pyrites is contained in the slate : some samples of this slate assay \ cry hile ^ave the snrpris- uv^ I'esult of "JN o/. S (jwt. of i^oM totheton of concentrates ami yielded oO of its total weight in concentrates. Two more assays of this slate ixavt^ eouerntrates valued resjiectively at 4 oz. 2 dwt. 8 jjrs. an(|iu'i)tly tlie tlour- cd nieix'Ui-y lias little elianee of re-settliii;j,', and small (|uantities are at times found to lie carried away with your tailine\s. * * " With a \iew to sa\in<'' the i-efi'actoi'\' eold, I would stfoni-h- ad\ise you to put it in h^'ue \anners, use a coarse nu'sh screen, and cut down discharoc to one-lialf what it is at picsent. I M'ould also increase the stam]»in;;,' ca]>acity hy inereasiii;^' the nuni- l)er()f drops from ninet\', at which von are now runninji' \'our mi!' to one Innidred drops a minute. In ad\ isino' you to do this, 1 wisli to brine' the followine' ad\antaj>i's \-ou will j-'ain to your notice :— 1. ■' \'ou will l)e able to crush the whole l)elt,for yoiu' slat<' cer- tainl\- contains ivfractorv oold, and at times free millin;'' iioM. Vour mine superintendent told un; that he e.stimati'd that not more than one-third of the rock broken under^'round wasmille(l, so at ilie nresent time von are i>a\'ine' for breakinii' rock (Ki of which you ha\e not in the past milled, nor would 1 advise you to mill it unless you put in concentrat(>rs, and ciush it oidy coarsely, for it is hiehly ivfraetory, and if crushed Hnely, it will Hour mercury, and in that way probably carry away more j^oid than it would contribute to the ajual^am in the battery and on the plates." ■ • 2. " You will deci'e.ise your mining' ex})enses by more than one-half: the only extra expense will be in hauling pai't of the slate, and in windinii' and haulino' the remainder, while vour out- put will be nearly three times what it is at present." :}. "Tain of opinion that the slate will pi-ovide euoutjjli fi'ee Notes of the M'lviinl if Lutr (nunlr (iolil Orr. J7 ^•(»lil t»i pay For the iiiilliiin-, in wliicli case the coneciitratos will he all dear proHt. " 4. " You will dispense with the cost of pickiiio' the ore. I estimate that the cost of Krue vaiiners ereeted in Nova .''v-otia will l)e al)out i^l 50.00 ])ei- stani]). To o(.t satisi'aetory concen- tration it will also he necessary for you to ]>ut in mechanical siz(rs. (the cost oi' which is small) and feed the coaj'se tailing's on to one set of \anners and the tine on to another .set." " Havino' obtained yoin- concentrates, chlorination is undoubt- edly the method l)y which they should be treated. Th(> cost of such treatment in Xova Seotia will, 1 estimate, be about ."^4.00 pi'r ton of C(jncentrates. It will also be a matter for considera- tion whether the arsenic will be worth savinj;', for two reasons — tii'stly, for its value, which isdoul)tful : and secondly, to prevent its contaminating;' ]iasture lands, and consequently prevent claims aii'ainst you for poisoning- cattle." "The cost of an ei^'ht or ten ton chloi'inati(jn plant erected in No\a Sc(;L.-i will be about i'*:i,000, exclusive of buildin*;-." rp to the ])resent time this pi'operty has pi-oduced 4^^.000 tons of ore. wdiich o'oes to show that the minini!; of low «>')'ade oi'es in Xova Scotia at a reasonable cost j)er ton, has ^ot beyond the e.xpt limental stages and is a reality. The handlinn; of the I'efractoi'y ores has yet to be experimented witli, and from the appearance of near]}- all the ore 1 have seen alonn- the (Jold (Jroup anti-clinal, I am of ()i)inion that matei'ial for the experi- ment is not lackint''. Additional Notes by the Author. The cost per ton ^iven in this article as S1.C5, is based on an estimate for dry ton. The actual weight of this ton, as it came from the mine, was 2400 lbs., making the cost for producing a twentv hundrecl weight ton of wet or natural ore !^1.87.l. I would state also, that at this time the average width of belt that was mined was about 12 feet. One iialf of this oi'e was sent to >v :js Tlu' a oil I FirJils of Xui'ii /S»'0/t«. tlic mill, constMiiu'iitly, the cost til' ^\:M\ for prodiicin;;' a ton i>\' ore in its natui-dl Htatc, also covered the cost of |irom thr waste; <]nnip or put on the scattbjtls in tlie mine. Ret^ai'dinL' tlie concentrates, suhseiMU'nt (h'vclopmcnts since till- date of tliis paper liavc pi'ovcd that their value has been fully up to what 1 had expected n\' them. The paper states that 4.S,- 000 tons of ore had been mined at that date. Since then, these %ures have l)e<;n increased to about I 15.000 tons. (.". V. A. 1, ^m* Mining and Milling Costs at the Brookfield Mine, Queens Co., N. S. Hy W. I<. I.IHBIvV, President Mrookfieltl Mining Conivany. Din-inn' six months, I'loiii May 1st to Xovcinbor 1st, 18!>7, ')()()() tons of ore \Vfi"t' sent to the mill, at iin uvora^c cost of is2.."')4 jM'T ton. as follows, for oic landod :it the fock-hivaker : — Fiahur (which iiu-huhjs lilaolvsiniths and deck men) .*! I,l7'i 99 Tiniherand Poles ;}9'J 40 Shov'ds :{5 20 Picks L'O GO lilacksinith's Coal, tons. (« >!l0.iit; G3 Of* Charcoal, ;?00 hiishcls, (« lac 4.') 00 Axes f) 00 lioistiiif^ I {opes (estimated) oO 00 Candles 'M'A 29 I. OSS of Steel 71 82 Fuel (Pumping Station and Mill) I,04G 00 Kxplosivcs 654 75 Iron (including Kails for Tracks) , 12G 70 Miscellaneous Expenses 125 00 Lumber 45 00 i?U,219 71 All of this work was done with hand drills and b\' undor- hand stoi)iii*;. \Vt' next trivc three months' work with air drills. The three months takt'ii arc dunnavy, February and Mai'ch, 18i>8, durino- which time 2,H40 tons of ore were sent to the mill at an averao'e cost of $2.44 per ton, as follows, for ore landed at rock- bn'aker : — ,Ut Till' dolil Fwhln nf Xiti'il Si'itlln. '),U7S «).•) IDS SO lu 00 I--' 1 7 00 '(7 1 ( • )•) :»o •2:> 00 171 00 11 •_'."» 717 00 :. 1 •_• no i;5 IT) 7"» 00 L'."» 00 liivhoi (which iticluih^s IMuckHmithH tuul ilcck men) !?■ 'riiiihci' and Poles SIiovcIh Picks IJIiicksniith's Coal, i}. tons, (r/ 6lO.(i'e c(tst of O'i cents: — Fuel . LaVior 2 Firemen S7(; 00 .{(iO 00 i»00 00 2 Concentrator Boys [20 00 1 Carpenter " 1'12 00 .'{ Amalgamatois 1 Engineer. Miscellaneous Expenses, including Lubricants Cost total for Shoes and Dies ^^M•cury lost, 79] lbs., (n GOc .Screen Wire, 192 feet, (a 50c ■•500 00 75 00 :{97 53 47 55 96 00 Total $:^,714 73 I A~ Mill! Ill/ ili,il Mlirunj Insfs ill III, Hrxilliihl Miiir. .11 Wi- now niv,. II ivoofd |'(ji- two mniitlis of woiU () feet. Dlill.l. WoiiK IX»I! MnXTIlS Ol .l.\M AliV AND FKItKr \ U V, lilOO. Days Drilled, l'TS','. Ke«'t '• 7. "{IS. Avonif^c feet per day per man, I'li.-Jll Cost of Kxplosivtss til 7.") Cost of Drills and Hclprrs S-Jii S| SI 271 nn Avorag(! cost per day % 11 Oi» Total Cost of Labor and Ivxplosives for Foot J)rilled 17 •57 cents. Measurements of ore displaced and the mill records of ore crushed, shows that the \ein has avera'vcd neai'Iy two ami one- half feet of crushiii!'' material. I />■' l^ L. L I- Extracts from Paper Entitled Rapid Sinking: in a Nova Scotia Gold Mine. By A. A. HAVVVARD. Read befoi-c the Mining Society of Nova Scotia. On the property owned by the Gcjlden Lode Mining Company it was pretty well determined tliere existed a rich j^old strike, but that such strike would be deep and consecjuently expensive to reach. After a careful survey it was found that if this strike was to be develope 403 e, and as le case in -sted out le nature hat were I discoiu'- through d strike, fold miii- ugs were )• to f)er- d a Hinall winding le engine true ted a is an ex- Migli the cloyed as ck drills, lied cool ninl fresh air to the sliat't aiid ean-ied away the exhaust steam from the nen were fully instructed as to the duty each hole was expected to perform, and were also instructed to put down the holes each day, as shown on the model, irrespective of the seams or slips that might occur in the shafts. The undei'ground work was divided into three shifts of eight hours each. The first and drilling shift began at 7 a.m. and consisted of a foreman, two drill men and two helpers. The men in this shift were expected to drill all necessary holes, and to have the work completed before thi'ee o'clock, which time they rarel}'' exceeded, as most of the drilling operations were coni- phited before one o'clock ; tlie drills, tools and piping wert^ then hoisted to the surface, leaving the shaft ready for blasting. The second shift, which began at thi-ec o'clock, consisted of two muckers and a tiring boss, whose duty it was to measure the depth of each and every hole, keep a record of the same, also keep a record t)f tlie amount of explosive used in eacli and every hole. This tiring boss remained on sixteen hours, and had charge of both the second and third shifts, '^riie records kept by him of the work performed in each shift were recorded in the office at the end of eacIi shift in a book kept for that purpose. This shift was expected to tire the four .sump lioles and to clean up the .same during their eight hours. The third and last shift, which consisted of but two nuickers, were expected to tire all the ronaining holes, clean up the rock, quarry any loose rock in the bottom of the shaft, put in new slides and do any necessary timbering, and leave the shaft ready for the drilling shift, which cam(> on again at seven. On the surfac(> the shifts weiv divided into two 12 hours 'U 'flic ({old Fields of Novo. Scotia. each. Tlie first shift consisoed ol' engineer, dock man, bhuik- smith and carpenter, 'i'he second shift comprised buL two men, the engineer and deck man. The deck man in each shift was recjuired to tally the amount of water and rock hoisted in his shift : the enlnnk. which foi'ined the dividing. The duty of the second timbering shift was to bring down new and permanent slides, new ladders, bring down the maiin steam pipe and to place; a heavy platform over one-half of this crib which was used as a station. This w^ork was exjx'cted tn be completed in 24 houi's from the time of beginning. The shaft was then i-eady for sinking again. Tin- hitches referred to were always cut 12 feet from the bottom. As three feet was found to be about the a\'erage sinking done jx'r day, the steam pipe used below this station wa^* cut into seetii.iu^ of three fe^ each, one piece being added (\'ich day. Vty this iin'ans the steam hose, W!Us always suspended in the shaft and not under foot. Tiie drill men each day after coming out of the shaft, took their m.achines apart, cleaned them thoi'oughly inside and out, added new parts when i-etjuired, put in new packing, and ke|>t L .'.jijj^'jeJiijLuiMJ Rapid Hinh-iiig hi a Nova Scotia (iold Mine. Jo them up to a .standard, so that no delays wcyq occasioned bv drills being out of order. During the month of April tlie work was performed with but one machine only, which sunk 55 feet 6 inches. During the entire operation the total number of days occu- pied in drilling was 124, timbering 10, making in all 140 days recjuired to sink and timber the shaft 403 feet. The average sinking was found to be 3.02 per shift, although tive feet was in several instances I'ecorded. The following is a record of the work perfoi-med each month : — <<-i :m Month. Drilling. Timbering o c a, 134 Feet. Explosive Buckets o Kock. 3 m o April 20 4 482 201 861 55.6 Mav 24 19 241 1S2 941 714 365 316 1,249 1,077 75.2 June 73.S Julv 23 23 231 240 9S1 953 324 450 1,323 1,393 ()',». 6 August .S5.U September .... 15 147 G57 236 949 ! 44.2 , 124 IS 1,175 4,728 1,892 6,852 403.0 The average sinking, as will bo .seen, was 3.02 per day of 24 hours, while the amount of explosive used per foot is f(juiid to be 4.0() pounds per foot of shaft-sinking, or 81.22 per foot, which includes dotonat(jrs, connecting wire and so forth. N'lie avei"au"e monthlv sinkinii; was 71 feet 6 inches. Duriui-- the month of August (Jolden ({roup Mine was sunk 100 feet l)elow the 240 foot level. The time reijuircd to sink this shaft was 80 shifts, and had it not been found necessary to save the small rich lode on the foot Wiill, this 100 feet would have been accomplished in 25 days. 1 am not at preseiit in a position to ^iva the exact cost ol' this work : it was, howcNer, somewhat in excess of the cost ol" sinkini;' the shaft of the (lolden Lode Mine. The same methods were, however, employed, and the .same division of laboi', show- ini; that what could be done in one place can be done a»iaiii under the same conditions and manairement. il'OU]) time I, this References. The Heports of the Nova Scotia [n.spectois of Minos from IHtil. The Kopoj-ts of the Department of PubHe Works and Mines to ;ion of Novu Scotia, 1868, Report of Geologi- cal Siu'vey of C-anada : On the (ieology of Eastern New England and N. S., 1870, Anier. Jour. Sc. (2), L, Pages 87 and \'Mi. Jicll, lidrncn Report on tlu; Eur<'l-y of Nova Scotia, 1800. Selwijn. — Notes and Observations on the Uold Fields of (Quebec aiid I*fova Scotia: Re[)ort (jf (}eolo*rical Sm'vey of Canada, 1870 187 I, Paoe 252. //eothrrimffon. — Practical (Jnide to the Gold Mines of Nova Scotia, i8()f> : .Minin<;- Industries of Nova Sco- tia, 1874. Descriptive Catalogues of Economic Minerals of Canada, 187(i, Pages 48, 44 : 1 880, Pajres 08 05. Giljdi). — Mines and Mineral Lands of Nova Scotia, 1880: The Gold Fields of Nova Scotia, with a Map, 1882, Trans. North of Enp;lanfl Inst, of Minino- Enu'ineers : The Nova Scotia (»old Mines, with a Map, 1880, Trans, of the American Institute of Mining Engineer.s. H. S. Poole. — Report of Department of Mines, X. S., 1872 1878; Jour, of Geology Soc. of London, Vol. XXVr, Pages 807-818. y ' )^>.S^M^M^^^P^.^P^^-6M^-^.&^y-±;$^!'^^^^^^^ I MARITIME EXPLOSIVES CO., Ltd. HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. M/VNUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN "11^"'^^ POWDER BLASTINfl rVTTLfUIV I I Electric Blasting Apparatus, Platinum, Fuses, Blasting Machines, Leading and Connecting Wire, Detonators, &c. H. H. FULLER & CO. AGENTS. i§^'?ifL^'??ri5^'^^fi^'??fi^^M^'^ri?^'??r^^^^^^^^^ 11 f<4 )■'->') ii. m ?^' s"^yi; ^'^y'\ ?)^<> Hi {•■^yj! H4. PS) GOLD MINERS The Brookfield Mining Co, LIMITED. North Brookfield, Queens Co , N. S. ARE PREPARED TO TREAT AT VERY LOW RATES... (IN LARGE OR SM^LL LOTS) BY THE GHLORINATION PROCESS U^" Concentrates bought on Assays. Assays made for Gold and Silver. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 1 P}h m \M. Wi 5^>r4 -#: ^^ M j-*^^^^ 4^'^^^^ (1/ (1/ (1/ e.EruM&cii. 1\ HALIFAX MAKE A SPECIALTY OF WE CARRY A FULL STOCK OF BATTKRY SC^iKKNS. BABBIT METALS, (H)PPER PLATES, FrSE. FILES, (JOLl) PANS. HOSE. LACE LEATHER, BLASTIXC; BAT'IM^RIES, BELTI\(}, BELLOWS, TAXDLES, CRrCIBLES. DRILL STEEL FORCJES, H A M M ERS, LANTERNS, H()LST1N(} ROPE, NAILS, OILS, Pr.MPS, IRON PIPE, PACKING, PIPE TOOLS. 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