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Ls n M i I 9^ ■»*if.'Jli»'v.'*. 5*,«*5!isaa&i;^IK J^IMs^ '^^ Books prescribed for Use in tlie Pilljlic Schools, FOR WHICH VVli ARB SPECIAL AOKNTS. Williams' liitroductioii to CluMiiical Science 8 SO Williams' Laboratory Manual of Cliemistiy li-'i Collar i^ Daniels Latin IJook 1 00 tila;L^'es Introduction to Physical Science 1 00 Ciages Pliysiciial Lahoratoi y Manual and Note J5ook .... .S.') (xoodwin s (Jieek (jtamniar 1 r)0 (lai,'es' Pi'inciples of Pliysics 1 40 Young's Elements of Astronoujy 1 40 Faunce's Mechanical Drawimjf 1 25 Jackson's Vertic^al Writing Copy Books 5 Books that every Canadian should have. PocauK and Es':ays of th(.^ Hon. Joseph Howe 1 oO Life and Times of the Hon. Joseph Howe 1 T)!) History of Canada — by Chas. (4. 1). Roberts, with Maps. . '2 'iir* Bourinot's Story of Canada, with xMaps 1 oO Boui'inot's How Canada is (Governed 1 00 The Great Hominion — l)y O. R. Parkin 90 Parkman's Histories. 12 vols, ea 1 T^O (ireene's Histoiy of the English People. 4 vols ....... 5 00 We are ag(Mits for Publications of GixN c*c Co, Boston. O'lr Catalogues of Standard and Miscellaneous Books, Peri- odicals, Pa{>ei' Covered Literatur'e, and of Books suitable for School Libraries, will be mailed fi-ee to any address. T. C, flLLEW & CO, Halifax, M. S. SIR PxOGER DE COVERLET PATKHS FKiJM THE SPECTATOR BY JOSEPH ADDISON WITIi IInTKODUCTION AND NOTES HALIFAX T. C ALLEN iSi CO. Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in tl>e year ,898, by T. C. Allek & Co.. in the Department of Agr.cnl.ure (Copyright Branch). COXTKXTS. the year rioulture Introduction' • • • Papkrs on Sir Ho(;kr de Cuvkrlkv : Sill R()(;kk . . . . _ Sir R()(;i:r at Homk - . . . Sir Ro'c;rr and Will Wimblk Sir Rogkr and Ghosts Sir Rookr at Church • Sir Roger and the Hunt Sir Roger and the Witches Sir Roger at the Assizes Sir Roger and Party Strife Sir Roger and the Gipsies Sir Roger in Town - . . Sir Roger in Westminster Abbev - Sir Roger at the Play Sir Rogers Visit to Spring Gardens Death of Sir Roger Notes - • . . . I'AfiK. ■ iii fi f) II 14 jr 20 24 27 30 33 37 41 44 49 INTllohrcTIoX. AVe owe tlio C()V<'il<'V jcijicrs to I'ji;;lisli joiini.ilisiii, Tlioy ajipcaivd ill Th>' Snrrfafoi'y a daily paper, iii>t jMihlisheti :\Iai.h l.vt, 1711. '• ']'ln* liist I'jinlish jonrnalists wcro tlie writfrs of 'iifws- If'ttcrs,' <>ii,;;inally (ii'pcinlants of grcnt, iiirii, (■■•irh empl'-vid in ktM'piiig Ills own iiias'KT (tr jiiiiroii ^v.■ll■illfo^lll('ll, r>'^ from ^paiih'^ ynrr^ from alt jiarf.'^ of Gnnnauy a;^/ VuUiml fo iliis prr^rnt 20 ,f () LiIht V'> !l ^ TJte C'-rfa/fte n' irra of tliis ]>rr,<.nt tcrk eiKlhtij L^-lnl An>/Nsf ]f:>2. The "newsdetters" and " iiews-paniphlets " appeared at irivgu- lar intervals. 77/e ]\'rr/,/t/ JVr/r.-i fmm Ifdl;/, G'Tmau;!, eic, piihli.shcd ]\Iay 2.'^, 1022, was the first Knglisli ]v>n(>,liral news- paper. In 101 1, tlie DiiiriKil Orrurrrnrps or ll<((,h <>f flte several j[>r(jC''>'i7/)/i/s in hoflt J/o/isrf^ (f /\(rJia)iir//t — the fii'st to give antlientic reports of the proceedings of parliament — appeared as a weekly. It -was followed by shoals of *' IMer- ciiries," "Dinrnals," "Scouts," "Intelligencers," etc. This IV SIH l.'fXiKK I'K <'(»VKi:l,KV. groat out})nrst of jouriialisiic activity was dim to tlic anxii'ty of l)i)tli Kin;,' ami Coiinnoiis l<» srciin' tin* support, of tin' pcopii.' ill tliat great 8tni<^';^'k', which ('o>t, ("liarlcs his life, and whirh laid the loiiiidalions of pai'lianicntarv {;oV('niiu('iit. '' Xo ffW'-r than 170 wcid-cly jjapcra of various kinds and various shades < f polilicrt liail l»een started in KnLjIand lietwcrn tln^ coninience- iiientof tho Civil War in August 1(5 12, and the King's death iu danuary KMD" (Masson). Nearly iift/y years later (lOi).")) the Poxtlxiij fechly venttired to a[)pear as a daily. It died witliin a w<'ek. Tlie iirst suc- cessful daily ai)peared three; days alter (^)ii('cn Anne's accession to the throne. It was pi inted in douMe eolninns on one side of a single sheet, fourt(M'n inches in leu'^th and eiiiht imdies in breadth. Across the top, in clear, Ixdd type, ra" the title, Thf l)ail(i Conrdut. lieneath the title and enclosed by tw(j lines running from margin to margin was tin? date, " Wednesday March 11, 1702." It cont;iine(l three* extiMcts of war news, datcnl Miirch IS,* one from tin; Harlem Cniirant, one from the Paris Ga::''Ur^ and one from the Amsterdam Coiirant. Kight years later, tlni S/>ect(if(fr ap[)eared in similar forui ; and was sold for one penny. The Si)"cf(i/or iWiXi^red from its ])r(;decessors in one respe(;t. It contained no n(.'ws. The Conrditf gave nothing hut news. Defoe's Rc.rv'io and Steele's Talh'r mingh'd news with shnt of the year and for correcting the calendar now in use." It was enacted then tiial 11 (hiys should )>e omitted after the 2nd of Septeniher, 17'">2, so that the ensuing day should be the 14th, and that the first day of the year should be January 1st, and not March 2r)tli, the day of Annunciation, a« heretofore. INTi;OI»l'('TiON. tixit'ty wliith f(.\v«r (1»'S < I' IK'Iiri'- ilciilh st suc- t;essi(iu le sitUi ih«'s ill 1.', Th" ■(> lilH'S .iK'sday lU'Ws, (III tlit^ Ki-1;L ul was •espect. news, sin lit, I) gil\U um l)l'l'S Styl.'" i "Old passol Jul; tlie 11115 day oiild bo .ion, as nf ilie Sprrfnfnr, ]R',sid((s the slidiL ussiiys or )!«'mtMiU of llook-;, *' I»o1ihji Tea, ' '* Mineral Waters," "A n;,'eliidv Simll';' etc Like tlie 7V(//r/-, wliidi liad ceased to appear damiar\ .'ird, 1711, tlie Sfirrtahn' had for its editor, liicliard Sircde, and among its eonlril^niors, .loseph Addison. xiio l\itl'*r and th« Sp'/'/dfur had the same general purposii. It was " to expose tlio false arts of life, to pull oil' the dis- guises of cunning, vanity, and atle(;taliri:tat<>r^ Addison declares his resolution to refresh his readers' memories from day today till he lias "recovered them out of that des- perate state of vice and folly, into whirli the age is fallen." "Before the Tdfhr and Spcfufor,'^ taid J )r. dohn.-oii, "we had many ))ooks to teach us our more impoiliint duties, and to settle opinions in iihilosophy or ]>(»Utics ; hut an arl)itir flrijinb- tiufimiy a judge oi propiiety, ""vas yet wanting who should survey the track of daily cou . .saLiou, and free it from the thorns and prickles which teaze the passer though they do not, wound him " (f^'/'' 0/ A'hli.«>n). " For this purjiose,' says the same <'minent authoiity, ** nothing is so proper as the frcijucut puhlications c»f siiort papers which are lead not as stiuly hub as aiiKi.-emcnt." The interest of a novel was given to these short pa{)ers ])y repre»<^'nting them as the opiiii(»ns of a siuall company of select friends — the Spectator cluh. " These friends were first sketched hy Steele. Four of the club, the templar, the tlergymai., the soldier, and the merchant, were uninteresting VI STIl ItOCER T)E foVERLEV. iif];ures, fit only for ii 1);u;k-u-rouii(l. lint tl>H other two, an oM country baronet and an olil town rake, llioiiL^li not delineated v/ith a very delieait; jx'iicil, liad some good strokes. AiMison took the rude outlines into his own hands, retoudicd ihcin, coloured thcni, and is in tiuili tin' crcaior of Sir llogcr de Coverlcy and the AVill lloncvconil) witli whom we are all familiar" (Maciiulay 7:V>v/// oil A\\ glios's '.viiches gipsies and jiaiiies, his condnet, at the Assizes and in W'est- nunster, his exjK'rience at, the Play ainl in Spi'iir,; (Jardeiis, the Spcrlaior rellcets tlie views of tlie countiy genilemen anec(.atormust he considered as indicating' a popularity (piite as great as that of the most successful woiks of Sir Walter Scott and ]\Ir. l)itkt'ns in our own time." (181.*)). T(j Addison must the success of the Spectator' in large measure be attributed. *' For," in the words of Macaulay, "Addison is the Si)ectator. About three-sevenths of the work are his ; and it is no exaggeration to say that his worst essay is as good as tlui best essay of any of his coadjutors. His best essays approach near to absolrte perfection ; nor is their excellence more won- derful than their variety." Addison's life covers a period of *' bitterest scorn and party hate." He saw the exile of J;imes 11, the great war with Louis the Great of France, the tierce party strife between Whigs and Tories, and the arrival of a German prince to receive the crown of England. In a small village in Wiltshire, on the 1st of May, 1672, Jose])h Aihlison wns born. His father, Kev. Lancelot Addison, was pari>li priest there, but later was appointed Dean of Lich- field. In Lichi.eld, Joseph went to a school taught by a Mr. Shaw. Dr. Johnson relates a sti>iy which he had received from a nephew of one of AddiM»n's schoolfellows ab(nit a "barring-out" of the master. Addison was given the dubious credit of planning and carrying it out. From Lichfield he went to Charterhouse School, where he met Richard Steele and there laid the foundations of that fiiendship "of which the Spectator is the abiding monument." The friendship, begun at Charterhouse, was continut «l and deepened at Oxford. .oam]H«44'«i.3«0t., VIU sii't KocKi: i>i; cDVKiMJiv At one tiuH' AiMi.-Dii seems to liave tlioii^lit of enli'fi;!!,' llie Cliurc.'h. ]>ut ail im roiiiiciiou to C'liuies MmiLii^-iK* (..; r- wards Lord llilit'ax), wlio \vas lonkiiiL,' for jiiMini-.u;^ y" ''i'-; writers as suppDi ti-i's of tiie Wlii^j -jaii-e, li' I t,) a p'li-i )ii of £'M)0 a year. V>y tiiis AiMi-iui vas eiia:)le(l to S|i" nl l^"ir years in Iravelliii'^f in France, Switzerland, Italy, Geriiany ii..d Hiilland. It was at tliis time that lio was a[»iH)iiii,('d to t.ui ainiy of I'rinc^^ Ivi^eiiio (as Sir I\i>j;er calls him) as k il;'s secretary. A change (jf ininisti'y, h )vvever, iind the conseiiH' it loss of Ids pension, forced him to retnrn to England. In 1704, the Wliii^rs, who liid in"anwhile r<;tnrne(l to pow(n', intru-.i'il to Addisdii the ceh;hraLii)n in verse of the victory of Ble,dii-ini. The Canipaiijii was the result. Its success male the author ati under-secre'.ary of state. Wiumi Steele? was planning th". TiifJ'i'^ in 1709, Addison went to Ireland as secretary to tiie Lord Lieutenant. Addison coiiiiniicd to advance in the service of the Siate until 1717, when he Ix'came a Secretary of State. Ill-he. il ill, liowever, comitelled him to resign the following yeir. The year before he h id married the Dowager Countess of Warwick, wiio seems to have been almost as pervm'se as the "beautiful widow of the next county" to Sir Roger. The closing years of his life were troubled by a bitter newspaper controversy with his old friend Steele. On the 17th of June, 1719, death came before reconciliation. He was buried in "Westminster Abbev, " I think," says Thackeray, "Addison's life was one of the most enviable. A life prospcu'ous and beautiful — a calm diMih — an immense fai;,e a;id affection afte.rwards for Ids happy and spotless name "( /^/^///.v/^ If/f!ni>/iri.ui»; witiiout scrupulosity, and exact without ap[):uent elaboration, always equable, and always easy, without glowing w<>rds or p"inted sentences. Addison never deviatc^s fr»m his trick to snaidi a grace; he seeks no ambitious ornaments, and tiiesno ha/aidous innovations. His page is always luminous, but never blazes in unexpected splentlor. "It was apparently his principal endeavour to avoid all harshness and severity of di<;tion ; he is therefore sonnaimes verbose in his transitions and connections, and sometimes de- am JiOdKli DK COVKIJLKV. scends too much to the laiignjiire of coiiveii*atioii ; yet if liis language had Leen less idiouiatical it luiglit have lost soniewliat of its genuine Anglicism. AVliat he attempted, lie performed ; lie is never feel)le and he did not wish to be energetic ; he is never rapid and he never stagnates. His sentence's have neither studied ami)litude nor alfected brevity ; his periods, thougli not dih'gently rounded, are vohible and easy. AVlioever wislies to attain an English style, familiar but not conrse, and elegant but not ostentatious, must give his days and nights to the volumes of Addison." IS It IS r o it !S SIE EOGEE DE COVERLET. SIE liOGEK. Fridciv, March 2, 1711. Ast alii sex Et plures, imo eonclamant ore. — Juv. .S'a^ vii. 167. Six more at least join their consenting voice. The first of our society is a ^entleinaii of "Worcestershire of an ancient descent, a ])aroiiet, his name Sir lio^er de Coverley. His great-p-aiidfatlier was inventor of that famous country-dance which is called after him. All who know that shire are yery well ac([uainied with the parts and merits of Sir Uoii-er. He is a crentleman that is yerv singular in his behaviour, but his singularities proceed lo from his good sense, and are contradictions to the manners of the world, only as he thinks the world is in the wron^j;. However, this humour creates him no enemies, for he does nothinix wdth sourness or obstinacy; and his beinir nncon- fined to modes and foi'ms, mak(\^ him but the leadier and more ca})abie to please and oblige all who kn.ow him. "When he is in town he li\es in Soho Sfpiare. It is said, he keeps himself a bachelor by reason he was ci'ossed in love by a perverse beautiful widcnv of the next county to him. Before this disappointment. Sir Koger was wliat20 you call a fine gentleman, had often sup]jed with my lord Eochester and Sir George Etheredge, fought a duel upon his first coming to town, and kicked lUilly Dawson in a 2 SIR llOGKli 1)K COVKIfLRV. public cofTee-linuse for cjilliiiLr liiin vouiiuster. Hiil l)eiii'^^ ill-u.sed by the al)()ve-iiR'iili()n*j(l widow, ho was very sei'ious for a yonv and a lialf; and iIkjultIi liis teiii]ier being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew care- less of himself and never di-essed afterwards. He. con- tinues to wear a coat and doublet of the same cut that were in fashion at the time of his re])ulse, wliicli, in his merry Inimours, he tells tis, had been in and out twelve times since he iirst wore it. ]Ie is now in liis tifty-sixth 10 year, cheerful, gay, anil hearty; kee])S a good house both in town and country ; a great lover of mankind ; but there i>s such a niii-thfid cast in his behaviour, tliat lui is rather beloved than esteemed. His tenants grow ricli, his ser- vants look satisfied, all the young women ])rofess love to him, and the young men are glad of his com[)any. When lie conies into a house he calls the servants by their names, and talks all the w\ v inistairs to a visit. I must not omit 1/ I that Sir ]Joger is a justice of the quorum ; that he fills the chair at a qnarler-session with great al)ilit'es, and three 20 months ago, gained universal a})plause by explaining a passage in the Game Act. siK liocj^]]! AT iio:\rK Monday, July 2, 1711. Hin(3 tii)i cojiia !Mcanal>it ad pleiiiini, bcniguo Ruris houorum opulenta corini. — Hor. 1 Od. xvii. 14o Here Plenty's liberal horn shall pour Of fruits fur thoe a eoj^ious showV, Rich honours of tlie (piiet plahi. Having often receiveil an invitation from mv friend Sir Itoger de Coverley to pass away a month with him in 30 the country, I last week accompanied him thither, and am settled with him for some time at his country-house, where I intend to form several of my ensuing speculations. SIR ho(.;kr at hu.me. 3 ^ Sir li()(rer, who is vei-y well a('(|u;iint«,'(l with iiiv liuniour, lets me rise and ijo to 1»lm1 when I ]»lease, dine ai liis own table or in my cli;inil)er as I lliiidv in, sit still and say notliinLj without Itiddinir nie he merry. When the ocnile- men of the country come to see him, lie onl\ shows ni(^ at a distance. As I have heen walldn^" in his ficM<, I liii\(3 observed ihem stealin^i; a si^lit of nu^ o\-er an liedi^e, and liave heard the kniirht desirinGj them not to let me see them, for that I hated to be stared at. I am the more at ease in Sir Roger's family, because it 10 consists of Sober and staid persons; for as the knight is the best master in the world, he seldom ciiamres his serv- ants ; and as he is beloved l)y all about him, his seivants never care for leaviui^ him : by this means his domestic;) are all in years, and grown old with their master. Yoii would take his Talet-fh-rlmmhre for his brother, his l)utler is grav-headed, his trroom is one of the irravfst men that I have ever seen, and his coachman has the looks of a]>rivy- councillor. You see tlie fjoodness of the master cncii in the old house-dog, and in a gr.'iy pad that is ke]»t in the 20 stable with great care and tendern(\ss out of regard to his past services, though l:e has been useless for several yeai's. , I could not but} observe with a gi'eat deal of ])leasure the joy that a|)peai"ed in the countenances of these ancient dom':^' Ixji-ii pciiiu'd by yrciit iiKisU'i'.-s. 'I'Jii.- \v<»uM iiui only Ix* iimrtj easy to iht'iiiselvL'S, l)iiL luor'c (Mlityiipj; In thf |m'(ij.]c. L. SIU JiOCJKlt AND AVIIJ. WIMT.LR \V('(lli('Sni lo iin «'-l;il", lie uciu'iailv li\i-;\\iili Jiis eliltT l»i«>lln'i' as siijx'riiilciith'iil nf liis uaiiu'. He liiiiils a pack nf iIul;.-'. Itciicr tliaii any man in iIkm-oiihi ty. and is v«?rv l'anii»u> fni- lindin*' (Mil a liaiv. IIi' is cxUviiiclv well ver-^i'd in all ila- linl<' liandiciat'ls of an idl(! man. II(» liiakt'.s a MaN'-llv lo a miiacU', and I'lirnislics tla- wliolf counti'V willi aiiLi'lc-rnds. As he is a •••nod nal iiicd oiliciiuis fellow, and vci'V nincli csiccmcd npnn acconnl of iiis I'ainily, he is a welcome ^nicsL al cAcry Ikmisc, and keeps np a Li'ood IW corres}j()ndence amona; all the ^eiillemeii alionl, Inm. lie carries a tuli}»-i'oot in his ])()cket from diie lo anollier, or exchaiiire-' a ])n])])y between a conple of fiiends iliat, live ]»erhaj)S iu the opposite sides of llie county. Will is a pariicular favouritiM)f all the yoiim; heiis, whom he fre- qiienlly ohlijjeswith a net that he has vveaved,or a selliiiLT- do;^ that he has made himself. Tie now and then ])resenLS a pair of ^arlei'S of his own kniltin;^' to their mothers or sisters, and raises a ureat deal of mirth amon-j; them, ])y inipiirinL^ as often as he meets them "how they wear?" 20 These frentlemandike mannfactures and ohliging little humours make AVill the darliiiLj of the ctainti'V. Sir IfoLTer was proceeding in the character of him, wlion we saw him nud^e up to us with two or three hazel-twigs in his hand that he had cut in Sir lioger's woods, as he came tlirongh ihem, in his way to the house. I was very much ])leased to observe on one side the hearty and sin- cere welcome with which Sir IJoger received him, and on the other, the secret joy whicti his guest discovered at siglit rif the good old knight. After the first salutes were -'^t* over, "Will desired Sir Ifouer to lend him one of his ser- vants to carry a set ctf shuttlecocks lie had with Inm in a little box, to a lady that lived about a nule oil", to whom it seems he had ])ronnsed such a present for above this lialf-vear. Sir liouer's ])ack was no sooner turned but lionest AVill began to tell me of a large cock-})lieasant that he had s})rung in one of the neighbouring woods, with two or three other adventui'es of the same nature. Odd and 8 SIR UOGKll DK COVKULEY. imcominnn cliaractcrs arc tlai ^^aiii*' that F look for, aiwl most delight/ ill ; t'nj- whicli icnsdii ' was as much jilciu^cd wiih iht! iiDVcliy dl' the pcr^dn tl.it talkc*! to iiic, as he couM ho lor his hi'c wiih ihc s|niii<_riii,Lr <»f a, pheasant, and thurciforu listened lu him with muiu than urdinurj attention. In {\\i\ midst of liis disconvse tht; ]i<'ll ran^* to dinnei*, whcrt> lh(> L!;cnlli'm;in I ha\c hecii s)teakin<4 of had the pleasure of sc('iiiL( th(! hu^'i; jack ht^ had caii'.;'ht setved up 10 I'or the tirst ihsh in a most sumptnoiis manner. I'jinn our sitliiiLf down to ii, he ^'ave ns a loii'j; account h<>w he liad liooki'(l il , jilayed wiih il, foiled it, and at letiu'th drew it out upon the l»ank, with several otiuu' ])arlieuliirs that lasted all tJn; tirst course. A dish of wild-fowl ih.il came Jifterwards, fmnislu'd conversalion tor tJie rest of the; di:i- iier, which coii(duded with a late invention of Will's f t impi'ovine; tlui quail-pip(i. Uj)oii withdrawine; into my room after dinner, T was secretly touched with eompassion towards th(3 honest 30(rei)il..iiian that had dined with ns ; and could not i)Ut consider, with a ^icat deal of conc(U'n, liow so Ljood a h(.^art and sncli husv hands were wholly em])loV(Hl in trifles, that so much humanity should 1)0 S(j little heneficial to otlan's, and so much industry so little advanta<_re(^us to himself. The same tem])or of nund .'ind application to alfairs nn"ght have recommended him to the puhlic esteem, and have raised his fortune in another station of life. What <^n)od to his country or himself nn^jht not a trader or merchant have done with such useful thou iiH', as lie {•iic'isaiit, 1 ordiiiurjr to (liniH'i', if li;i(l the scfxcil up rp'-ii our ow Ik; had ih (hew it uliirs tlidt that came • f Ihc (hii- Will's f .r ner, T was he honest d not hut so Ljood Ji ployed in henefteial -a<_re(Mis to lication, to He esteem, m of life. )t a trader 1 oriUnjirv V hrother of •en starve on that is d parts of )iness of a IS, though be placed em to vie Sin KOdEU AND (illCKsTS. 9 with tlie best of their family. Arrordiiiirly. wo find several citizens that were lauii'died inlo tin; wirld with narrow ft)rtunes, risini^' l)y an honest in-hisiiy to greater CvStates than tliose of their ehU'r bi(»ilieis. Tt is not improbable but Will was formerly tried at divinity, law, or physic; and that, finding his genius (hd not lie that way, his ]iiir(Uits gave him \\\) at length to his own inven- tions, liut eertiunly, however iriijii(»]ier lie inight have been for studies of a higher nature, he was jierfeetly well turned for the occupations of trade and commerce. L. 10 STll KOdlvU AND CIHOSTS. Friday, July G, 1711. Horror ubiiiue aniinos, siimil i[)s;i siU;ntia terrotit, Viig. Aeii. ii. 7')5. All tliin^js are full of liorroi- and !i(Tri,u'lit, An«l (Iruatlful evu the silence of the ju^lit. — Diyden. At a little distance from Sir IJo^cr's house, amonti* the ruins of an old ahhev, there is a h^ng walk of aued elms, which are shot up so veiy high, that when one passes under them, the Djoksand crows that rest upon the tops of them seem to be cawing in another region. 1 am very much delighted with this sort of noise, which I consider 20 as a kind of natural prayer to that lU'ing who f"^1U 10 SIR KOGEIi 1)E COVEULEY. an head, to wliioli lie addotl, tli;it altout n moiilli ;ii^o ono of the maids comi 111^ lioniii laic that way, with a ]iail of milk iiixjii her lu;ad, heard .siieii a rii.slliii'j' aiuonii; the bushes that shfi let it fall. I was takiiiLT a walk in this place last iii^rht hetween the hours of nine and t<'U, and could not Imid I'aiicv it one of the most proper sci^ies iu the woidil for a j^'host to apy;ear ill. Tlie ruins of the anlxiy are scatUTcd up and down on evf^ry side, and half covered with ivy and ell'T hushes, 10th(j harbours of several solitaiy birds, which seldom make their appearance till the dusk of the eveniuL!:. 'J'he ])]ace was formerly a churchyard, and has still several marks in it of graves and burviufj ])laces. There is such an ecdia amoni^ the old ruins and vaults, tliat if you si amp but a little louder than ordinary, you hear the sound repeaieil At the same time, the walk of elnn, with the croakinc? of the ravens, which, from time to time, ai'o heard from the tops of them, looks exceedimr solemn and vem^rable. These objcts naturally raise seriousness and attention ; 20 and when ni'^lib heiLjhtens the awfuluess of the place, and pours out her su])ernumerary liorrors upon ev(u;vlhin'^ in it, I do not at all wonder that weak minds lill it wi;h spectres and a]>|)ai'i lions. j\Ir. Locke, in his chapter of the Association of Ttleas, has very curious remarks to show how by the prejudice of education one idea ofuui inti-oduccs into the mind a whole set that bear n;) resemblance to oiie anotlier iu the nature of things. Among several exam]>les of this kind, he pro- duces the loUowitrj^ instance: ''The ideas of fjoblins and aosprites have re dly no more to do with (lat^kn(\ss t!ia i liLjiit ; vet let but a foolish maid inculcate these of Km on the mind of a cidld, and raise ihem there to,!:^ether, ])o^sibly lie sliall never be able to s(^parate them aijfain so Ioul,' as he li\es, but darkness shall ever afterwards l)i'in one of r)f milk bushes een the one of )\vri oil hushes, 1 niuke e place irks in a echo • ])ut a pealed. i'lU'^ of • in the eral)le. ntiou ; •e, and liu'^ in t) wi;h Iileas, dice of whole nature e pro- is and ) mind 3 shall li\es, those :au no isk of )ns of terror, I observed a cow grazin^r not far from mo, which ail iniai,n*naLion that was apt to startle miij-ht easily ha\e construed into a black horse without an head ; and I dare say the poor footman lost his wits upon some such trivial occa>;i()n. My friend Sir lioger has often told me, with a (^^-eat deal of mirLh, that at his tii'st coming to his estate he found three parts of his house altOL^^ether useless ; that the best room in it liad the re])utation of being haunted, ami by that means was locked u\) ; tiuit noises .had been heard 10 in his long gallery, so that he could not get a servant to enter it after eight o'clock at night ; that the door of one of his cliambers was nailed up, because there wetit a story in the family that a butler had formerly hanged himself in it; and that ids mother, who lived to a great age, had shut up half the rooms in the liouse, in which either her husband, a son, or d;iughter had died. The knight seeing his habitiition reduced to so small a com])ass, and liimself in a manner shut out of his own house, upon the death of his mother ordered all the apartments to be Hung o])en.20 and exorcised by his cha,})lain, who lay in every room oiui after another, and by that means dissipated their fears which had so long reigned in the family. L. SIK rtOGER AT CHURCH. Monday, July 9, 1711. ^Adai'drnvr utv rr/)urn 6t:orr^ v6u(.) ojr 6init faces, and in their cleanliest habits, to convci'se with one another U])Oii indifl'ei'cnb subjects, liear tlieir duties explained to them, and join together in adoi'ation of tlie Su]ireme Ueing. Sunday chnirs away the rust of the whole week', not only as it refreshes in tlieir minds the notions of ieli'.:ion, but 10 as it }»uts both the sexes upon a})pearing in their most agreeable forms, and exerting all such (pialities as are apt to give them a hgure in the eye of the villiige. A Cf)untry fellow disiinji'uishes himself as nuudi in the churchyard as a citizen does upon the Change, the whole parish politics being generally discussed in that place either alter sermon or befoi-e the bell lings. My friend Sir linger, being a good churclnnan, has beau- tified the iriside of his chui'ch with several texts of his own choosing. Tie has likewise gixeu a h;in(lsoine ])ulpit- 20 cloth, and railed in the communion table at his own ex})en.se. He has often told me, that at his coming to his estate he found his parishioners very irregular; and that in Older to make them kneel and join in the responses, he gave every o-.ie of them a hassock and a Common Trayer- l^o()k,and at the same time employed an itinerant singing- master, wli(3 goes about the country for that purpose, to instruct them rightly in the tunes of the psalms; ui)ou which they now very much value themselves, and, indeed, outdo most of the country churches that I have ever heard. 30 As Sir Itoger is landlord to the whole congregation, he keeps them in very good order, and will sulier nobody to sleep in it besides himself; for if by chance he has been surprised into a short nap at sermon, upon recovering out of it he stands up and looks about him, and if he sees anybody else nodding, either wakes them himself, or sends his servants to them. Several other of the old knight's particularities break out u])on these occasions. Sometimes he will l)e lengtliei.i: l^ out a vei'se in the siufring lisalms. i SIR ROr.ER AT CIIURCir. 13 to )0I1 ed, 1(1. he to en ees IS, half a minute after the rest of the coiiLfi-e^iition have done with it ; sometimes, when he is phuiscd with the matter of his devotion, lie })ronounees Amen three or four times to the sjime prayer, Jind sometimes siunds up when everybody else is u})on their knee.--., to ediiiit the conu'regation, or see if anv of liis tenants aie uiis-inu;. 1 was vesterdav verv much sui'prised to hear mv old friend, in the midst of the ser\ iee, eallinu; out to one dnhn Mattliews to mind whntlie \\;is nhout, and not disturi) the congregation, 'j'his John Mallhews, it seems, is remark- 10 able for Ix'iiig an idle fellow, and at that time was kicking his lieels for liis diversion. This authority of the knight, thougli exerted in that odd manner whieli accompanies him in all circumstances of life, has a very good effect upon the parish, who aie not ]»olite enougli to see anything ridiculous in his Ijchaviour : besides that the general good sense and wortliiness of his ciiaracter make his friends observe these little singularities as foils that rather set oil" thiin blemish his good qualities. As soon as th.e sermon is finished, nobody ])resumes to 20 stir till Sir IJoger is gone out of the church. 'I'he knight walks down from his seat in the chancel between a double row of his tenants, tlait stand liow ing to him on each side; and every n(jw and then incjuires how such an ones wife, or mother, or son, or father do, whom lie does not see at church ; whicli is understood as a secret repiimand to the pei'son that is absent. The chaj lain has often told me, that upon a cat(^chising dav, when Sir liouer has been r)leased with a iiov that answei'S well, he has ordered a Bible to be gi\en him next .30 day for his encouragement; and sometimes accomjianies it with a ilitch of hacon to his mother. Sir IJoger has like- wise added five pounds a year to the clerk's ])lace; and that he nuiy encourage tlie young fellows to make them- selves }ierfoct in the clnirch-service, has j)roniised, upon the death of the present incund)ent, who is very old, to bestow it according to merit. The fair understanding between Sir Iloger and his 14 SIK ko(;ku de coveulky, iin, aiK I til lI WAV iniiLuiil coiicurrc^iice in ( omo- rroof 1( rl chapl is tlie more reniarkaMe, l)ecaus(3 tlui very next villaiL,re is famous for the (liill'i-ences and contentions ihnt rise belw tl een ine |)iirson and tne squn'e, \v I th 'ho 1 ive in a ]tei- pelual state of war. The j)arsnn is always ])reachiii at the S(juire; and the squire, to he revenged on the parson, never conies to chiu'ch. The S(|uire has made all his tenants atheists and tithe-stealers; while the j)arson instructs them every Sundiiy in the dignity of his order, 10 and insinuates to them, in almost every sermon, that he is a better man than liis ]jatron. In short, mattei'S are come to such an extremity, that the s(|uire has not said his prayers either in pultlic or ]nivate this liaK- year ; and that the parson tlireatens him, if he does not mend liis manners, to pray for him in the face of the whole congregation. Feuds of this nature, tliough too frequent in the country, are very fatal to the ordinary i^eople; who are so used to be dazzled with riches, that thev pav as much 20 deference to the understanding of a man (jf an estate as of a man of learning; and are very hardly brought to regard any truth, how important soever it may be, that is preached to them, when they know tht^re are several men of five hundred a year who do not believe it. L. i SIR ROGER AXI) THE IIUXT. Thursday, July 12,1711. Ut sit mens sana in corpore sanf).— .luv. Sects that we should work them up ourselves. The (!arth must be laboured ])efore it gives its increase; and when it is forced into its several ])roducts, how many hands must they pass through before they are fit for use! ]\Ianu-20 factures, trade, and agriculture naturally (Mn])loy more than nineteen parts of the species in twenry; and as for those who are not obliged to labour, by the condition in which they are born, they are more miserable than the rest of mankind, unless they indulge themselves in that voluntary lal)our which goes bv the name of exercise. My friend Sir Koger has b(H?n an indefatigable num in ])usiness of this kind, and has hung sevei-al parts of his house with the tro})hies of his former labours. The walls of his great hall are covered with the horns of;]0 several kinds of deer that he has killed in the chase, which lie thinks tlui most valuable furniture of his house, as they afford him frc(pient topics of discourse, and show that he has not been idle. At the lower end of the hall is a large otter's skin stulfcd with hay, which his mother ordered to be hung up in that manner, and the knight looks upon it with great satisfaction, because it seems he was but nine years old when his doir killed 16 SIR KOCKK DK COVERI.EY. liiiii. A little ronin ndjoiiiinj^ to the liiiU is a kind of arsenal tilled with hv cat that sat in the chininev corner, which, as the old knight told me, lay under as bad a re])ort as ]\Ioll White herself: for besides that Moll is said often to accomi)any her in the same shape, the cat is re[)orted to have spoken twice or thrice in her life, and to have played several pranks above the capacity of an ordinary cat. I was secretly concerned to see human nature in so sill KOGEK AND THE WITCHES. 19 ■V i much wretchedness and (hstrnice. bufc at the same time could not forhear smiUn<^ to hear Sir ]toscs ii;.nii liis own beha\ ioiir is t!ms warranted ami con}' the opinion of all that know him. j\ly worthy fi imd Sii* IJou'fM' is oik^ of those who is not only at ])eace within himself, hnt hrlovcd and esteemed by all a1»ont him. He recfixes a suitable tril)ute for his universal bcnevolcnee to inanL'ind. in tin' I'etuiiis of arieetion and ^rood-will Vvdiicli are ]>aid 1iim by every one that lives within liis iH'i^lii.nnihond. { l.iicly met with twM or three cxid instaia'ts of that 'foneral rt'sjx'ct which 20'is shown to the jj^ood old !<■ '"/lit. He wonld needs cai'iy Will \Viml)le and myself villi liini to the cniint ry tissizes. As we were \\])on thei'oaani(d by his side, is a yeoman of about an huiulred pounds a year, an honest man. Jle is Jnst within the pime-aet, and ([uali- fied to kill an liare or a ])heasant. He knocks down a SOdinner with his gun twice or thrice a week, and by that means lives much chea])er than those who have not so good an estate as himself. He would be a good neighbour, sill ROGER AT THE ASSIZES. 21 if he (lid not dostrov so iiKuiv parlridu'cs. In short, he is a very e(.'nsil)le niaii ; shoots flying- ; ,'ind has been several tini(;s foreman of the ])ettv jury. *'Tlie other tliat rid(.'s alonir with him is Tom Touchy a fellow famous for takini? the law of evcryhody. Tlii-re is not one in the town where he Iin'cs that he lias not sued at a quarter-sessions. The ro^'uo had once tin; impudence to ^o to law with the Widow. 11 is head is full of costs, (lamaL;(»s, and ejectments, lie ])]a;j,-ucd a couphj of honest pentlemen so h)n<:^ for a tr«'sp{iss in hrcakinsiio one of Ids liedLres, till he was forced to sidl the ground it enclosed to defiay the char^(,'S of the prosecution; his father left him fourscore ])ound3 a year, but he has cast and heen cjist so often, that he is not now worth thirty. I suppose he is going npon the old business of the willow tree." As Sir ItOfjer was mvincf nie this account of Tom Touchy, AVill Wimble and his two companions stopped short till we came up to them. After having paid their respects to Sir Koger, Will told him that Mr. Touchy 20 and he must appeal to him np(jn a dis})ute that arose between them. Will, it seems, had l»een giving his fellow-traveller an account of his angling one day in such a hole; when Tom Touchy, instead of hearing out his story, told him that Mr. such an one, if he pleased, might take the law of him for fishing in that part of the river. ]\ly friend Sir Pioger heard them both, upon a round trot; and after having paused some time, told theni, with the air of a man who would not give his judgment rashly, that much might be said on both sides. 30 They were neither of them dissatisfied with the knight's determination, because neither of them found himself in the wiong by it; upon which we made the best of our way to the assizes. The court was sat before Sir Eoger came, but not- withstanding all the justices had taken their places npon the bench, they made room for the old knight at the head of them ; who, for his reputation in the country, »)•> Slit KodKIt 1>K COVEWI.KY. look occasion to \vliis|M'r in the jiuli^n^'s ear, tlmt ho was <^'la(l liis lordship iuid met uiih so much <:oo(l wcallicr in liis circuit. I was listening to the procecMliii'^s of lh« coui't with much jithMilion, jiicl inlinilely pleased with tliat <^r(;at appeai'ance }iiid s<*leinnity which so ]»roperly accorn})ani(vs such a puhlic ailiuinistrntion ot' our laws, when, afler jiImiuI an hour's Kiiiin,^, 1 (jhscrved, to my j^ieat sur[)rise, in tho midst of a tii.d, that my friend Sir K')Li;(!r was ^cMiic^ np to s[»enk. 1 was in some jtain 10 for him, until I found lie liad a('(piitLed himstdf of two or three S('nt(?nces, with a Itjok of much husiness and great intrepidity. irj)on Ins first rising, the court was liuslied, and a general wliisper ran among the country p(M)ple that Sir lloger was up. The speecli he made was so little to the purpose, tli;it T shall nob trouhle my readers with an account of it; and I helieve was not so much designed hy the knight himstdf to inform the court, as to give him a figure in my eye, and keep up his credit in the country. 20 I was highly delighted when the court rose, to see the gentlemen of tlie country gathering ahout my old friend, and striving who should compliment him most ; at the same time tliat the ordinary ])eople gazed U])on him at a distance, not a little admiring his courage, that was not afraid to speak to tlie judge. In our return home we met with a very odd accident, which I cannot forhear relating, hecause it shows how desirous all who know Sir ]ioger are of giving him maiks of their esteem. When we were ai-rived upon the verge .30 of his estate, we stopped at a little inn to lest ourselves and our horses. The man of tlie house luul it seems heen formerly a servant in the knight's family ; and to do honour to his old master, had some time since, unknown to Sir Roger, put him up in a sign-post before the door; so that the Knight's Head had lumgout u])on the road ahout a week before he himself knew anvthing of the matter. As soon as Sir lioger was acquainted with it, finding that his servant's indiscretion proceeded wholly from ait'eetion SIR liOCKK AV TIIK ASSI/KS. 2:\ and <;()()(l-\vill, lie only told liiiii that ]\o. Iiad iiiiid(3 liiiii too liiii'li a t'oiiipliuicnt ; Jiiid wlicn tli<; fellow st'cnuMl to think thiiti could hiirdly he, adtl«,'d, wilh a nion; decisiNe look, that it was too oicat an honour for any man under a duke; hut told hiiu, at the sanio time, tliat it nn^ht be alttMcd with a very few tuu(dies, and that he himself would h(i at tho charge of it. Accord in^ly, they got a ])ainter l)y tho kniuht's dii-ections to add a j'air of whiskers to the fac(*, aud, hy a litlhi am;_iravation of the; featui'(!S, to change it into tlie Saracen's Head. I .should 10 not have known this story had not the innkeejiei', upon Sir lioger's alighting, toM him, in my hearing, that his lIoMour's head was brought back last night with the alterations that he had or(hn'e(l to he made in it. V\nn\ this my niend, with his usual cheerfulness, rcdated the ])articnlars above mentioned, and ordered the h(!ad to be brouiiht into tlui room. I couhlnot forbear discovering greater ex)»ressions of mirth than ordinary ujxm the appearance of this mon- strous face, under which, notwithstanding it was made to frown and stare in a most e.xtraordiuary manner, 1 could20 still discover a distant resemblance of my old friend. Sir Koger, upon seeing me lausi'h, (l(\sired me to tell him truly if I thought it possible for people to kiu)vv him in that disguise. I at fii'st kept my usual silence ; but n])on the knight's conjuring me to tell liini whether it was not still more like himself than a Saracen, I conqxtsed my counten- ance in the best manner I could, and re})lied that *' much mi^dit be said on both sides." These several atlventures, with tlie kin'giit's behaviour in them, gave me as pleasant a day as ever I met with in 30 any of my travels. L. 2-i SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. SIE EOGEr. AXD TAETY STEIFE. Tuesday, J 111 V 24, 1711. Ne pueri, iie taiita aniinis assurscite ItoUa : Nell patriae vaiitla.s in \ isceie vcrtile viies. — Vii'g. A^n. vi. 832. '^liis tliirst of kiiKlici] lilond, jny sons, detest, IS'or turn your toicu aguinst your country's breast. — Dryden. jVIy worlliy friend Sir ru^Lier, when we are talkinij of tlie malice of parlies, very fr(M|uently tells us an accident that hapj)"ned to liini when he w;is a school-hoy, which was at the time when the feuds ran hiiih helween the lioundheads and Cavaliers. This woithv kiiiulifc hcinif tlicn hut a 10strii)lin^, had occasion to inijuire which ^\;ls the way to St. Anne's JiJine, U}>on which the person wh(»ni he s])oke to, instead of ans\vcrin I '. pernicious to tlie last degree, not only with regard to tliose advantages which tliey uive the connnon eneniv,])Ut to tliose private evils wliicli they i)r(>duce in the hcait of almost every particular person. This iiilhience is very fatal hoth to men's morals and their tniderstandings ; it sinks the virtue of a nation, and not only so, hut destroys even common sense. A furious l>arty spirit, when it rages in its full violence, ex(;rts itself in civil war and hloodshed ; aud when it is under its greatest restraints, natundly hreaks out in false- 10 hood, detraction, cahuuuy, and a j)ariial aihiunisti'ation of justice. In a word, it lills a nation with sjtlet^n and rancour, and extinguishes all the seeds of good nature, compassion, avid humanity. Plutarch says very finely, " that a iran should not allow himself to hate even his enemies, hecause," says he, " if you indulge this ])assion in some occasions, it will rise of itself in others; if you hate your enemies, you will con- tract such a vicious hal»iL of mind, as hy degrees will hreak out upon those who are your friends, or those who 20 are indill'erent to you." I do not know whether I have ohserved in any of my former papers, that my friends Sir Itoger de Coverley and Sir Andrew Freeport are of diilereut ]»rinciples, the first of them inclined to the landed, and the other to the nioneved interest. This humour is so modeiate in each of them, that it proceeds no farther than to an agieeable raillery, which very often diverts the rest of the club. 1 find, however, that the knight is a much stronger Tory in the country than in town, which., as he has told me in my ."O ear, is r,hsohitely necessary for the keeping of liis int(?rest. In all our journey from London to his house we did not so much as bait at a Wl.ig inn ; or if by chance the coach- man stopped at a wrong place, one of Sir lioger's servants would ride up to his master full speed, and whisper to him that the master of the house was against such an one in the last election. This often betrayed us into hard beds and bad cheer, for we were not so in(piisitive al)out the 2G .SIR ko(;er i>k covekley. inn as the innkeeper; ;in(l,])r()vi(l(Ml our landlord's principles were sound, did not take any notice of the slaleness of his provisions. This I found slill the more iiu'onvenient, he- cause the better the host was, the worse generally were his accommodations; tlie fellow knowing very W(3ll that those who wei'e his friends would take up with coarse diet and a hard lodging. For these reiisons, all the while I was u])on the road I dreaded entering into a house of anyone tiiat Sir Itoger had a])plauded for an honest man. 10 Since my stay at Sir Koger's in the country, I daily find more instances of this narrow party humour. J>eing upon the bowliny:-ixreen at a nfuidd/ourinsx market t^nvn the Other day (for that is the place where the gentlemen of one side meet once a week), I (jbserved a stran'_:er among them, of a l)etter presence and genteeler behaviour than ordimirv ; but was much sur])i-ised, that notwithstandiu'jc he was a very fair better, nobody would tak(; him up. IJut upon inquiry I found that he was one who had given a disagreeal)le vote in a former ])arliament, for which reason 20tliere was not a man upon that bowling-green who would have so much correspondence witli him as to win his money of him. Among otlier instances of this nature, I must not omit one which concerns mvself. Will AVimble was the other diiy I'elaiing several strange stories that he had picked up, nobody knows wlu;re, of a cculaiu great man; and upon my staring at him, as one that was suipriscd to henr such things in the country, which had ne\er been so \. vAi as whisj»ere(l in the town, A\'ill stoi^ped short in tiie ; ••read SOof his discourse, and after dinner asked mv friend Sir lioiier in his ear if he was sure that 1 was not a fanatic. C. \ SIR ROGER AND THE GIPSIES. o- SIR EOGER AND THE Gir.^TES. Monday, Julv .".(• 1711. .Seinper(|Ue receiites Convectare juvat praedas, et vivere rapto. Viig. ^En. vii. 748. A pluiideriiif^ lace, still eager to invade, On spoil liiL-y live, and make of tlieit a trade. As I was yesterday riding out in the fields with my friend Sir Roger, we saw at a little distance from us a. troop of gipsies. Upon the first discovery of tliem, my friend was in some doubt wheth(3r lie should not exert the justice of peace upon such a band of lawless vagrants; 10 but not having his clerk with him, who is a necessary counsellor on these occasions, and fearing that liis poultry might fare the worse for it, he let the thought drop ; but, at the same time, gave me a particular account of the mis- chiefs they do in the countr}', in stealing people's goods, and spoiling their servants. *' If a stray ])icce of linen hangs upon an hedge," says Sir Roger, " they are sure to have it ; if a hog loses his way in the fields, it is ten to one but he becomes their prey; our geese cannot live in peace for them; if a man prosecutes them with severity. *-20 his hen roost is sure to pay for it. Th(;y fjenerallv striiix- gle into these parts about thistimeof the year, and set the heads of our servant-maids so aL!:()g for husbands, that we do not expect to have any Inisiness done as it should be, wdiilst they are in the country. I have an honest dairy- maid who crosses their hands with a })iece of silver every summer, and never fails being promised the handsonnvst young fellow in the parish for lier j)ains. Your friend the butler has been fool enou'_di to be seduced by them ; and thouLrh he is sure to lose a knife, a fork, or a spoon, every -'iO time his fortune is told him, generally shuts himself up in the pantry with an old gipsy for about half an hour once in a twelvemonth. Sweethearts are the things they live upon, which they bestow very plentifully upon all those that apply themselves to them. You see now and then 28 SIR ROGER DE COVEl'.LEY. some liJiTidsome vouncr -jades amnni; thein ; ll'.e sluts liave verv oftL'ii \vliite teeth (nid IJack evt's." Sir iJopT observing tli.ir I listened Nviih great attention to his accounts of a jieuple wlio ^vel•b so eiitii'uly n^nv to me, told me, that if I would, they sliould tell \is our fortune A S 1 \v;is Verv ■11 T.l |iie:i ed w:, .1 tlie kniid her go on. " Ah, master/' savs the i^^iiisv, " that ro'jrni>h ](H-r of vnurs makes a pretty woman's lieart ache; yoii ha\e not that sim])er about tlie mouth for nothing.'* The nneouth gibberish 30 with which all this was uttered, like the daikness of an oracle, made ns tlie more attentive to it. To be short, the knight left the mone^. with her that he had crossed her hand with, and got np again on his l»ili_Liate ])e()])le, who infest all the countries of Europe, {ind live in the midst of unvern- inents in a kind of commonwealth hy themselves. Jhit instead of entei'in^; in!o ol)sei'\ations of this nature, 1 shall till the remaining; ]»art of my ]ia}ier wiih a stoiy. which is still fresh in Holland, ami was printetl ni one of 10 our monthly accounts ahout twentv vears a^o. • .:Vs the trekschuyt, or liackneyhoat, which cairies ])assenyers from Levden to Amsterdam was puilim; oil', a hov runniuLT aloni? the side of the canal desiied to he taken in. which the master of the hoat refused, hecause the lad had nol <|uite money enouuh to pay the usual fare. .\n eminent mer- chant heiuL? ])leased with tin* looks of the hny, and secit'tly touched with com]);ission towards him, ]'aid the moiu'v for liim, and ordered him to he tak<'n on Ixtard. F])()n talkini^ with him afLerwarSir lloger de Coverley. He told me thai: his master came to town last night, and would be glad to take a turn with me in Ciray's Inn walks. As I was wonderinjr in mvself what had brought Sir lio^er to town, not luniui^ lately received anv 30 letter from him, he told me that his master was come u]> to get a sight of Prince Eugene, and that he desired I would immediately meet him. SIR ROGER IN TOWN. :Ji afc I was noi a little ])leii.se(l witli the curiosity of the old knij^ht, though 1 did not much wonder at it, having heard him say more than once in private discouise, that h(i looivcd upon Prince Kugcnio (for so th(^ kniglit always calls him) to he a greater man than Scandrrhcg was no sooner come ii /o ( rav's Inn walks Imt I heard mv friend u])on the terrace hemminy; twice or thrice to himself with great vigour; for he lo\es to ch'ar liis pipes in gooil air (to make use of liis own ])hrase), and is not a little pleased with any one who takes notice of the 10 strength which he still exerts in his morning hems. I was touched with a secret joy at tiie sight of the good old man, wlio, hefore he saw me, was engaged in con- versation with a heggar-maii tliat had asked an ahns of him. I could hear my friend chide him for not finding out some work; hut at the same time saw him put his hand in his pocket, and give him six})ence. Our salutations were very hearty on hoth sides, consist- ii'^of many kind sliakesof the hand, and several allection- ate looks which we cast upon one another. After which 20 the knight told me my good friend his chaplain was very well, and much at njy service ; and that the Sunday hefoie he had made a most incompaiahle sermon out of J)r. Barrow. "I have left," says lie, "all my aflairs in his hands; and l)eiug willing to lay an ohligation upon him, have deposited with him thirty marks, to be distributed among his poor parishioners." He then proceeded to acquaint me with the welfare of "Will Wimble. Upon which he put his hand into his fob and presented me in his name with a tobacco- sto[)per. 30 telling me that Will had been busv cJl the beginning of the winter in turning gieat (piantities of them ; and that he made a present of one to every gentleman in the coun- try who lias good }»rinciples, and smokes. He addetl, that poor Will was at i)resent under great tribulation ; for that Tom Touchy had taken the law of him lor cutting some hazel sticks out of one of his hedges. Among other pieces of news which the knight brought SIR ROGEIf I)E COVEULEY. from liis couiitrv-seat, he iiifnriiuMl me tliat ^Moll While was dead ; and that al)()ut a month after lier deatli tlie wind was so very hi^h, tiiat it hlcw down the end ol one of ids barns. " lint for mv own part," savs Sir lufjer, " I do not think that the ohl woman had any hand in it." lie afterwards fell into an account of lluj di\'eisions which had ])a>sed in his house during th(^ liolidays; for Sir iio^cr, after tli^i lan(hd)le custom of his ancestors, always ket.'ps open house .at (.Mii'istmas. I lcarn<'d from 10 him that lie had kiHed eig'ht fa.t hoj^^.s for this season ; that he had dealt about his chines very liberally amongst his neighbours; and that in ])ai-ticular he had sent a string of hog's puddings, with a ])a(dv of cards, to every ])o dwelt very lonu; on the praises of this^rcat ak(?r's Chronicle, which he has (pioted several times in his disputes with Sir Andiew Fi'et'port sinc(5 his last cominii to town. Accordimrlv, I ])romised to call 10 upon him the next morning, th.it we might go together to the Ahhey. I found the knight under his butler's hands, who always shaves him. He was no sooner dressed than he called for for aixlass of the Widow Trueljv's water, which he told me he always drank before he went ahi-oad. He recommended to me a dram of it at the same time, with so much hearti- ness that 1 could not forbear drinking it. As soon as I had got it down, I found it very unpalatable ; ui)()n which the kni'dit, observing that I had made several wrv faces, 20 told me that he knew I should not like it at first, but that it was the best thing in the world against the stone or gravel. I coukl liave wished, indeed, that he had acquainted me with the virtues of it sooner ; but it was too late to com- plain, and I knew what he had done was out of good-will. Sir Roger told me furtlun-, that he looked u[)on it to be very good for a man whilst he staid in town, to ke(^p off infection, rind that he got together a (piantity of it u[)on the first news of the sickness beinc^ at JJantzick: when of 30a sudden, turning short to one of Ids servants, who stood behind him, he bid him call a hackney coach, and take care it was an ehlerly man that drove it. He t\i(n\ resumed his discourse upon IVIrs. Truby's water, telling me that the widow Truliy was one who did more good than all the doctors and ajxithecarics in the country ; that she distilled every po]»])y that gi'cw within five miles of her; that she distributed her water gratis among dii sorts of people ; to which the kv.ight addect SIR KOdKR IN WKSTMINSTKlt A IHEY. :i5 that she liad a very <,ae{it jointure, iind ihat the wlioh^ country would fain liave it a nintcli l)el\veen liini and Iut; "and tndy," says Sir lio^er, " if I had not hecn enga<4ed, perha])S 1 eould not have done ItctU'r." Hi:: discourse was hiv.keii oil' hy his man's telhn«; him he had called a coach. Upon our Ljoimx to it, after havin'er a little rutlled upon ])einLC tJius tre- panned ; lait our Lruide not insistin1('jis(.m1 to sec thft knight shew such an lionost ])assion for the gloiy of his couniry and such a respectful gratitude to the memory ut its princes. I must not omit, tliat the henevolonce of my good old lo friend, which Ihjws oi *" towaids every one lie converses with, miide him \'eT'y kind to our inter|»i'eter, whom lu; looketl u|)(in .'IS an ext raoi'dinary man ; foi'which icnson he shook him hy tlui hand at ])arting, telling inm.lhal he should he veiy glad to see liim at liis lodginirs in N(»rfolk- buildings, and talk over these matters with liini more at leisure. L. M HUl JlOCWAl AT THE I'T.AY. Tuesday, Maich 2;". 1712. Respioere oxeiiiplar vita* Tiioiinri(|iic jnliclio l^octuin iiuitaKJiein, v.l Vfias iiiiic (iuci'tc \ ofos. Hor. Ar,^ Pott. .327. Keep X;i,tiii-e's LM'eat oiiiiiiiMl in \io\v, And ihence ilie living iniages pursue." — Francis. 2« My friend Sir "Roger de Coverley, wlien we last met together at the cluh, told me, that he had a great mind to see tlie new tragedy with me, assuiing me at the same time, that he liad not been at a ])lay these twenty years. "The last I saw%" said Sir lioger, "was The Committee, which 1 should not liave gone to neither, had not T been told beforehand that it was a good Chuich of England comedy." He tlien proceeded to inquiie of nie.30 who this Distressed ]\[other was ; and upon hearing that she was Hector's widow, he told me, that her busltand was a braye man, and that when he was a sc]iool-l)oy, lie had 38 SIR ROGER UE CuVEULEY. read his life at the end of the diclioiiarv. !Mv friend asked nie, in the next ])laee, if tliere would not be S(jnie daiiu'f'r in eoniini^ lionie late, in case the INrohoeks should he al)ro;uL " 1 assure you," says he, " I thought I hiul fallen into their hands last ni^hl; ; for I ohscrvcil two or tliree lusLy black men that foliowerl me lialf way \\\> Fleet Street and mended their pace behind nie, in propor- tion as I put on to p't away from them. Y<»u must kiKjw," continued the kni,uht wilh a smile, '"1 fancied they 10 had a mind to hunt ine; for I remember an honest gentle- man in my neia'j naliiral toi them to take the o]>))orliinity of thf inter\ids hetwcen lli»: acts, to cxju'css their ojiiinon of the ])laycrs, .and of i;:cir res])(>clivc ]y,\vt^ S ir kO'_!t r, hearin*a a, cluster of iheni pr [U^a Oi'cstes, sti'uck in with them, and told thcni, that he thought his fiiemi Txlades was ;i xcry sensihie man. As they were afterwards ajqilaudinu; I'yri'hus, Sir IJo^rer 20])ut in a se((ind time, ''And let me tell you." says he, "though he speaks but 111 lie, 1 like the oid fellow in whiskers as widl as any (»f th(Mii." Caiitain Sentrv, seciuLT two or three wai2"S who sat near ns, \{-;\\\ with an attentive ear towards Sir JiOL:er, and fearinif le>t tliev should smoke the kni,L!,'ht, ])lncked liim by the elbow, and whis))ered soniv^lhiuuf in Ins ear, that lasted till the opeinnir of the tifl.li act. The k'liiuht was woudcifully atieuti\(i to the account which Orestes irivcs of Pyrrhns liis death, and at the conclusion of it, told me it was such a bloody ]ii<'( e of .30W(uk, tint he was o"lad it was not done upon the sia-je. Seeinuj afterwards Orestes in liis i'a\in(j^ fit, he o-^cw ne're tliati onhnarilv serious, and took occa-^ion to iiKnal'/e (in his way) upon an evil conscience, adthii"', tliat "Orestes, in his madness, looked as if he s;iw somethinL^" As we wei'e the first that came into the bouse, so we were the last that went out of it; being resohcd to liave a clear passai^e for our old friend, whom we did not care to venture among the juslling of the crowd. Sir Iioger SIR ROGER'S VISIT TO SPRING GARDENS. 41 went out fully satisfied with his eiitertaiiiinent, and we guarded hiiu to his lodLiinc^ in the same manner that we hrouii'ht him to the i)lav-house ; Ijeinu; liiLrhlv ])lensed, for my own part, not only with the i)ei'formance of the excellent ])iece which had been presented, hut with the satisfaction which it had given to the good old man. L. ^ SIR EOGEirS VISIT TO SPKIXG GAllDEXS. Tuesday, May 20, 1712. Criniinil)us (lel)eiit hortos. — Juv. *S'a^ i. 75 A beauteous garden, l>ut by vice nuiiiitain'cl. As I was sitting in my chamber, and thinking on a subject for my next Sijrctatur, I heard two or three 10 irregular bounces at my landlady's door, and, upon the opening of it, a loud cheering voice inquiring whether the philosopher was at home. The cliild who went to the door answered very innocenllv, thiit he did not lodge there. I immediately recollected that it was niy good friend Sir Roger's voice; and that I had promised to go with him on the water to Spring-garden, in case it proved a good evening. The knight put me in mind of my promise from the bottom of the staircase, but told me that if I was speculating, he would stay below till I had 20 done. IT|)on my coming down, I found all the children of the family got about my old friend; and my landlady herself, who is a notable prating crossi]), engaged in a conference with him; being mightily pleased with his stroking her little boy on the head, and bidding him to be a good child and mind his book. We were no sooner come to the Temple-stairs, but we were surrounded with a crowd of watermen, ottering us their respective services. Sir Roger after having looked about him very attentively, spied one with a wooden leg, 30 42 SIR KOGEii dp: coverlet. and immediaU.'ly j:,nive liiiu orders to i^et his l)ont ready. As we were walkinu: towards it, " You must know," savs Sir ]in'_rer, " I never nialve use of any body to row nie, that lias not lost either a k\L,^ or an arm. I would rather luite him a few strokes of his oar than not eniplt)y an lionest man that has het'U wounded in tlie (queen's service. If I was a lord or a hishop, and kept a harire, I would not put a M'llow in niv livei'V that had not a wooden le^." ]\ry ol«l fri'Mid, after liaviiig seated himself, and trimmed 10 the lioat with his coachman, who, heiiiL^ a very solder man, alwavs serves for halbisc on these oceasions, we made the best of our way for Faux-halL Sir lio^^^er obliged the waterman to give us the history of his right leg; and, liearing tliat he liad left it at L:i Hogue, with many par- • tieulars whieh passed in that glorious action, the knight, in the trium[)h of his heart, made several' reflections on the greatness of the British nation ; as, that one English- man Could beat three Frenchmen; that we could never be in danger of popery so long as we took care of our SOHeet; that the Thames was the noblest river in Europe; that London bridge was a greater piece of work than any of the seven wonders of the world; with many other honest prejudices which naturally cleave to the heart of a true Englishman. After some short pause, the old knight, turning about his head twice or thrice, to take a survey of this great metropolis, bid me ol)serve how thick the city was set with churches, and that there was scarce a single steeple on this side Temple-bar. "A most heathenish sight!" 30 savs Sir Roger : "there is no relicrion at this end of the town. The fifty now churches will very much mend the pros])ect; but church-work is slow, church-work is slow." I do not remember I have any where mentioned in Sir lioger's character, his custom of saluting every body that passes by him with a good-moirow, or a good-night. This the old man does out of the overllowings of his humanity, though at the same time it renders him so popular among all his country neighbours, that it is thoughti SIR ROGERS VISIT TO SI'RINd GARDENS. 43 t'» to have ^oiie a g.)0(l way in makincr him once or twice kriiL;'lit of tlie shire, lie caiiiioL forltcar lliis (.'xurcise of b,.'iieV()loii('e even in town, when lie meets with anv one in his nKjrnin;^ or evenini^ walk. It hri)ke from him to several boats tliat passed by us on the wate~' • but, to the knight's great surprise, as he trave the iu;oo(l-niLi-ht to two or thi'ee young fellows a hltle before our lauding, one of them, instead of retui'ning the civility, asked us, what ([ueer old })Ut we had in the boat, with ti great deal of lh(» hke Thames ribaldry. Sir liogi'r seemed a little sIkm Ij-d 10 at first, but at length assuming a face of luiigistracy, told us, that if he were a Middlesex jusiiee, he woidd make such vagrants know that her majesty's subjects were no more to be abused by water than by land. We were ncnv arrived at S[)riiig-garden, \vhi(di is excellently pleasant at this time of the year. When I considered the fragrancy of the walks and bowers, with the choirs of birds that sung upon the trens, and the loose tribe of people that walked under their sluules, I could not l)ut look upon the place as a kind of Mahometan jiaradise. 20 Sir Uoger told me, it put liim in mind of a little coppice by his house in the country, which his chaplain useel to call an aviary of nightingales. " You must understand," says the knight, " that there is nothing in the world that pleases a man in love so much as your nightingale. Ah, Mr. Spectator, the many moon-light nights that I have walked by myself, and thought on the widow by the music of the nightingale !" He here fetched a deep sigh, and was falling into a fit of musing, when a mask, who came behind him, gave him a gentle tap upon the shoulder, and 30 asked him if he would drink a bottle of mead with her ? But the knight, being startled at so unexpected familiarity, and displeased to be interrupted in his thoughts of the widow, told her she was a wanton bag- gage ; and bid her go about her business. We concluded our walk with a glass of Burton ale, and a slice of hung beef. When we liad done eating ourselves, the knight called a waiter to him, and bid him carry the 44 81 u ko(;eu de coveklkv. remainder to tlm \va.tpnn;iii tliat liad l)iit one ]c<> saucv; iii'ou wliich 1 ralitit'd the kiiiulil's coniniands wiili a ittrcinplory look. I. DEATH OF SIR IKHiKK. Thiirsdav, OcLoIht 2:], 1712. Heu piftas ! hen pris(;;i lidcs ! Virg. Aen. vi. 878. Mii'fof of ancient fait h I Unilauiited woiili ! Inviolaltlo Lruili I — Drytleu. We last nij^ht I'cceivt'd a, piece of ill news at onr club, wliich very sensi'oly nl'llicted every one of us. I question 10 not hut my readers themselves will l)e troublLul at the hearing of it. I'o keep them no lonp^r in suspense, Sir Itou'er de ("oxerlcy is dead. He de])arte(l tliis life at his liouse in the country, after a few weeks' sickne?;s. Sir Andrew Freeport has a letter from one of his corre- S[)ondents in those ])arts, that informs him tlie old man caught a cold at the county sessions, as he was very warmly ])romotin;^ an aihlress of his own penning, in which he succeeded acconHng to his wishes. But tins ])arti('ular comes from a AVhig justice of peace, who was 20alwiiys Sir li()<'er's enemy and antagonist. I have letters both from the chaplain and Ca])tain Sentry, whicli mention notlnng of ii, but are tilled witli many ])articu!ars to tlie honour of the good old man. I have likewise a letter from tlie butler, who took so mucb care of me last summer when 1 \vas at the kniLiht's house. As my friend the butler mentions, in the simplicity ol' his heart, several circumstances the others have ptissed o\er in silence, I shall give my reader a copy of his letter, withouli ar\y alteration or diminution. 30 " Honoured Sir, " Knowing that you was my old master's good friend, I DEATH OF SIR ROGER. 45 could not f()rl)eur semlinfr vou the melaiicholv news of his death, which lias alllicted the whole ('()unlrv,as well as his poor servants, who loved liini. I nriy say, better than we did our lives. I am afraid lie cau^iit his dralh tlie last county sessions, where he would ^o to see justice done to a poor widow woman, and her fatlicrless children, that had been wron^jcd by a neiLrhbourini^ gentleman; for you know, sir, my ijood master was alwu.ys the ])oor man's' friend. Upon his conuii<^ home, the tiist comj)laint} lit* made was, that he had lost his ro.'ist-bcef stomai h, not 10 being aide to touch a sirloin, which was served u|) accord- ing to custom ; and you know he used to tnke great delight in it. From that time foi'wrjd he grew worse and worse, but still kej»t a good heart toth(i last. Indeed we were once in great hope of liis nn'ovciy, upon a kind messacje that was sent him from the widow ladv whom he had made l..ve to the forlv hist vears of his lif(^ ; but this onlv iirovcd a liuhinins^ before death. lie has bc(irciithcd to this lady, ns a tt)ken of liis love, a giMit jx-ind necklace, and a couple of silver b]acelets set with jewels, which 20 belonged to my good old Inly his nint'-i-. He ha.s bequeathed the tine white gelding, that he u.-t d to lide a hunting noon, to liis cha]>l.!in, because he thought he wo:dd be kind to him, and has left you all his licoks. He has, moreover, be(jueat]ie(l to the cha]'lain a Aeiy ])retty tenenient witfi good kinds about it. It beinira v(M-y cold day when he m:itie liis will, lie left for mouiiiiiig to every man in t' e paii-h a great fiieze-coat, and to e\ery woman a 1 lack riding-liood. Tt wasa moving siLdit to s(^e him i\\^Q leaNe of his]>oor servants, commeii(!ing us all f^r.^.O our filelity, whilst we were not able to s]»eak a woid for weeping. As we most of us are grown grey-headed in our dear mnster's service, he has left us pensions and leiracies, which we mav live veiv comfoitablv u])on the remaining part of our days. He has betpieathed a great deal more in chariiv, which is not vet come to my knowledge, and it is ])erem]>torily said in the parish, that he has left iiionev to build a steeple to the church : for he ■^1 1t« 46 8IK liOCIEK DK COVEKLEY. Wits heiird to say some time n^o.tliat if lie lived two years l()ii»4er, Covei'ley cliurcii siioiild have a 8tee})le to it. The chaplain l(;lls everyhody that he made a very good cud, and iirNcr sjx'aks of him wiiimut tears, lie was 'ouried, aecorchnLC t(J his own dii'eetions, amunL' tlu^ familv of the (Joverlies, o!i the left hand of his fatlier {Sir Arthnr. Th(; Collin was e;in"ied hy six of his tenants, and the pall held up hy six of the qnoiaim. The whole parish followed the corpse with heavy hearts, and in tiieirinournin^j suits; the 10 men ill frieze, and the women in riding-hoods. Captain Sentry, my master's nephew, has taken possession of the Hall-liouse, and tiie whole estate. When my old master saw him, a little befoie his death, he shook him hy the hand, and wished him joy of the estate which was falling to him, desiring liim ojdy to make a good use of it, and to pay the several legacies, and the gifls of charity, which he told him he had left as quit rents upon the estate. The cai)tain ti iilv seems a courteous man, though he savs but little. He makes much of those whom my master loved, 30 and shows great kindness to tlie old house-dog, that you know my ])oor master was so fond of. It would have gone to your heart to liiive heard the moans the dumb creature made on the day of my master's death. He has never joviul himself since; no more has any of us. It was the melancholiest day for the poor j^eople that ever happened in Worcestershire. Tliis being all from, Honoured sir, your most sorrowful servant, Edward Blscuit. "P.S. — My master desired, some weeks before he died, 30 that a book which comes up to you by the carrier, should be given to Sir Andrew Freeport in his name." This letter, notwithstanding the poor butler's manner of writing it, gave us such an idea of our good old friend, that, upon the reading of it, there was not a dry eye in the club. Sir Andrew opening the book, found it to be a collection of Acts of Parliament. There was, in parti- cular, the Act of Uniformity, with some passages in it DKATIIOI" SIKIIOGER. marked by Sir Ifoger that they related to t^ disputed with Sir liowr liie I;ist the dub. Sir And s own b;m.l. Sir Andrew found o or tlirt'ii points, which be li.id lime ]ni app(»<'n('d at rew, who wouhl liave 1 K'(>ii merry at such an incident on another occasion, .-it the sight of the rs, anil put the book old mans writini,', burst into tea in his pocket. Capt;iin Scntrv^ inf knight has left rin the club. onus me, that th ,..v..» ..^i.i, y lunjiiM.-s in«, tocib ine gs and mourning for every ou" in U. NOTES. SIR ROGER.— No. 2 (in part). P. 1,1. 4. Our Society. The members of the Spectator Club were Sir Roger the countiy gentlcmaii, tlie Templur more leariu'd in the laws of the stage than in tiiose of the land, Sir Androrv Fret-port the merchant, Captain Sentry a retired officer, Will floneycond) a man of fashion, the clergyman a very j)lnlosophic man, and tiie Spectator who never opens his lips except in his own club. P. 1, I. S. parts, talents. P. 1, 1, 1.3. humour, disposition. Compare the use of "humour," e2, 1. 8 ; p. 3, 1. 1 ; p. 7, 1. 22 ; p. 8, 1. :U ; p. 2."), 1. M. According to ippocrates, tiie father of medicine, tlie human Ixnly conUiins four humours : blood, phlegm, Idack bile, and yellow bile. Ihese humours mingled in different proportions give ditrerent disjtositions or tempera- ments. An excess of blood makes one sanguine ; of |)hlegm, stolid or phlegmatic; of yellow bile or choler, choleric; of black hile, melan- choly. In the IHth and 17th centuries the Mord was fashionable in the sense of peculiarity of disposition — "some absorbing singularity of character." P. 1, 1= 17. Soho Square, a fashionable part of Loudon in Addison's time. P. 1, 1. 22. Lord Rochester and Sir George Etheridj^e, two well known men of fashion and of letters in the reign of Charles II. P. 1.1. 28. Bully Dawson, a notorious ruflim. In rroldsndth's She Stoops to Conquer (pul)lished 1773), Tlai-dcastle says of Mar- lowe: " I never saw such a bouncing, swaggering puppy .since I was born. Bully Dawsou was but a fool to hiui. ' JSee n(He on Mohocks, p. 64. P. 2. 1 1. Coffee houses first appeared in the reign of Charles II. Misson savs : "These houses which are very iiumeious in I»ndon are extremely convenient. You have all manner of news there ; you have a good fiie, which you may sit by as long iis you please; ; you have a dish of coffee ; you meet your friends for the transaction of business, and all for a penny, if you don't care to spend more.'' Macaulay says they " were the chief organs through Mhich the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself." "Every man of the upper 50 siu u! ;i 1 1 Imti-iI nt Si. .Jariit's', Mit3 ab Will's, sc-holacs at tlio (litioiari, iiuri'liaiiis at, lln; Kxchaiim^, nifii of fasliiiMi at. \Vliit<'".s. lit <^>iiefii Aniir's I iiiic liu; ])at roii.s of tlif (lit!' t. }) of llitr .S|»('cla,t(tr, Aiiilison speaks of "thos(> littlo iKxjlufiial assfMiildifs/'ooiiimoiily calli'il cliilts. "When a art of iiifii till 1 tlifiii.siilve.s aLfiic in any ])ait i<'nlar, tiioiijzh never so trivial, tiny e-talili^l» theriiseh cs into a kind of fraternity, and meeti oiwe or t uii'c a week n)>')ii tli« ace mm of .siuh a fantastic reseinl)lanc"'f. N 's. 1, 2. 9, 40, and 2(1!) : Ashtrm Unci U Li/>i in the nhjii of (^iu>n Ami', cliaps. IS, l'.> ; Maoaulay J/l.-ft. c. 3. P. 2. 1, 1 -' cast. Compare "This cast of niliid,"' p. 4, 1. 20; and Hamlet, Alt lu. .>c. 1. P. 2, 1. 18, Justice of the quorum. One of the country jr.atices or mai^istrates. Tin: couulry genllemen v\li« wero justices of the peace selti(»in knew any law. Tliey spent most of their time in hunting and convivial gatherings. Read Spccf. No. 12.S on the education of country S(}uires, and Maianlay. I/i.^f c. 3. See Webster or some good diction- ary for the mtaning of 4in)rum. P 2,1.10. quarter-session. (We now say quarter-sessions.) The county c(iurt henl .sessions or sittings every (juarter for the trial of cases. P. 2, 1. 20. universal applause. Compare the way the gentlemen of tlie country received Sir Roger's speech, though *' so little to the purpose, ' at the assizes. P. 2. 1. 21. The Game Act. For the preservation of game. *'The game laws aro a rt miiant. wf ihe Forest I^avvs of \Villiam the Conqueror who made it forfeiture of property lo disable -i, wild beast ; loss of eyes fur a stag, b'ick or boar." P J. 1 21, R. Rich^^-rd Steele signed his papers for the Spectator with an R, ju-esumably for Ri'Kai'd. or a T., tlie initial of the Taller — the Spcctat '" .s |)i edeocjssor. The other papers in this selection were written by Aildison. SIR ROCER AT HOME.— No. 106. P. 2. 1. 32. "Speculations," observations (Lat. specula, a watch- tower). Addison begins paper No. 3 with these words: "Ji: one of my late ranil)les or rather sjteculations." Li ]iaper No. 1, Spectator says: '* I have acted in all tiie p;irts of my itte as a looker-on." "I have made myself a sptrn/n'ire statesman, so'd'er, etc." P. 3. 1. 1. humour. See note p. 49. P. 3. 1. 7. an hed^e. I'onipare an before sounded h, in an head 1. 1, p. 10, and an hidnoiirittt 1. 10, p. 4. P. ?,. 1. 9. stared at. In paper No. 1. the Spectator says: "The greatest pain 1 can sutFer, is the being talked to and stared at." NOTKS. 51 P. ^. 1. IS. privy councillor. A nu-nil'ii- r.f tlio so\»Mt'i«:ii's foinn'il of Rilvisoid ami tliurutor j)iL'.suiuet pad in ill*' vsmld with only riding him ten miles." ('ompare " Aii abbot on an amUliiig pad. " Tcnny- Boa's LatJi/ of ShtdoK. P. 3, 1. ^0. mixture of father and master. "As a rul(N" says Asiilon, '• .^iMvaiit.s w »'rc iicaitMl like dou.s hy tlifir ma.>^tt'rs, and wt-rt; c^im-d ninicilcssly f(jr very trivial faults.' Social Life in (^ii>:>h Aunt's lieiijn, cli. G. P. .3, 1. 31. tempered. See note on humour, p. 49. A poPBoji's temper or temperamtMit, so it was believed, dcptnided upon tlie way ihe humoui'd were mixed or mingled. Here tempered means mingled. P. 3, 1. 32. humanity, kiniily interest in men. See also, p. 8, 1. 23. P. 4, 1. 9, in the nature of, " in the character of." P. 4, 1. 14, dependant. In Addi.son's time the country gentleman's chaplain was i^enerally treated as a servant lie dined at the servant's table, and was often re(piired to do the work of a servant. See Maoaulay Uifitory, cliap. 3, and Ashton Social Life, chap. 32. P. 4, 1. 20, cast. See note p. 50. P. 4, 1. .30. clergyman. Read Addison's description of the ideal clergymati, (Spect. No. 2) and note the ditl'erences between his ideal and Sir Roger's. What is there humorous in Sir Roger's? P. 5, 1. 14, digested, arranged. Compare "To make a dirjeM of the reports of the court." How is this word used in Bacon's Essay oa Studies ? P. 5, 11. 21, 22, 24 and 25. Bishop of St. Asaph, Dr. South, etc., famous divines of the 17th century whose sermons were widely read. Dr. Barrow was also a famous mathematician, the tutor of Sir Isaac Newton. Barrow's sermons were of enormous length. On one occa- sion, we are told, he preached a charity .sermon before the Loid Mayor and aldermen of London for three houi.s and* a half. On another occa- sion, in Westnnnster Abbey, the vergers, anxious to make a little money by showing people the sights, put an end to one of Ids long ser- mons by causing the organs to play till they blowx'd him down. See Diet, of Nat. Biog. P. 5, 1. 31. delivery. Read Sped, No. 407, on Gestures and Delivery. P. 5, 1. 35. I could heartily wish. Johnson once gave the following advice to a young clergyman: '•Attempt, from time to time, an original sermon." See Bos well's Life, year 1780. 52 SIK KOGEU 1»E COVEHLEV. P. 6, 1. 1. proper. Compam tlie use of 'proper,' 'improper,* p. 9, 1. 8; p. 10. 1. 7; p- 1."), U. o aii.l 12. P. 6, 1. ^ L. In S/)ert , No. i^,")"). Steele says: "All the papers marked with a C, an L an I or an I), thai is to s.ty, all the papers Mhich I liave (listingnisheil by an}' letter in the name of the nuise, C'LK), were given me l>y the gentleman of wl)ose assistance I formerly boasted in the preface ami concluding leaf of my Tatlers " (that is Joseph Adilison). WILL WIMIJLE.— No. 108. P. 6. I 9. service. With his omplitnents. ('p., p. .?1, 1. 22, and "Pray do my ,strviv< to ins majesty " lien, viii., iii., 1, 179. P. 6, 1. 14, jack, I, })ike. »lack also meant a young pike or pickerel. P. 6, 1. IS, bowling'-gTeen. Tiie game of howls is played with wooden Walls on a smooth lawn, it was v<'iy p)puiar in .Aiidison s time. See p. 20. 1. 10. "A Iiowling-gre<'n is one of the jrut.st au'reeahle •ompartinenls of a garor^ ?"»* ^GVtvtth i\\*i forests," Pa. xxix. 9. hi Sptct. No. i Addison speaks of NOTES. 63 makiii«!en all in a mi>m»'nt dissipated hy a merry jig from the organ loft.'' Again, No. 40."), "l could iiedrtily wish theie was the same application and endeavours to cult ivute and impiovc our church music as have been lately bestowed on tiuit of the stage." V. 12, 1. .%. singing psalms, the metrical . not the prose versions. P. 12, 1. 37. particularities. See ecjuivalent, p. 1.'}, 1. 18. P. 13. 1. 1."). polite polished. Cp. "polite society,' "polite literatuic. P. 13. 1. 22. chancel. "East end <.f a elmich. So-called because formerly fenced oil M nil a screen witii openings in it,"' (low lat ran- C(V/w«-latliced window) (Skeat. ) In Aildison's t inie ])e(>plc of the hiiiher rank -amou"' tlu^ contrieiration usiuillv liad tlnir seats in the ciianc. I. P. 13. 1. 33. clerk. The duties of the clerk were to had tiie re- sponses, to say ■amen " at. tiie end of each juayer, to gi\c out the hynnis, and generally to attend u[)un tlu; minister. P. 14, 1. i\. squire, esipiire, originally shield bearer to a knight. *' By courtesy the title' is given to the landed gentiy. " (I>ie\\ei-.J P. 14, 1. S. tithe, tenth part. A tenth part of the pi'oduce of the laiul was to go to the support of the cleigy. At lirst i» was ppecies. P. l.j, 1. 2;}. condition. Rank in life. P. 16, 1. 12. Widow. See pp. 1. 21, .St>, 4.S, 4,-> and also .9;,*<'/. No. 113. P. 16, 1. 15. amours. ICirorts to win tlie love of the widow. SIR ROGER AND THE WITCHES.— No. 117. P. 16, 1. 24. neuter. Neutral. P. 17, 1- 2. relations. Narratives. Cp. Jesuits' Relations. P. 17, 1. 11. commerce. Dealings, connnunicatioiis, '' coni'ej'sivff familiarly,'' Cp. "looks coinmcrri)/!/ \\\t]\ the skies." II I'mseroso, 1. 'AU. P. 17, 1. 15. suspend. S.-e Innv Addison describes this suspensi*»n of belief in 11. 25 and 26, p. 16. P. 17, I. 20. Otway. Thonuis Otway, (1651 i6S5) a dramatic writer. Tliis quotation is from Tht Orphan. Act ii., Sc. 4, P. 17, !. 30. close, narrow. P. 17, 1. 34. scalding rheum, hot salt tears. P. 17, 1. 35. cold palsy. Shivering tits due to palsy. Palsy, con- tracted foiin of p;iialy-is. P. 17, 1. 31). weeds, garments, cp. widows ii-eeds^ "In needs of pea ce. L'Alleixro, 1. 120. P. 18, 1. 4. lips in motion, muttering cliarms or curses, P. IS, 1. 5. switch. Witches were supposetl to travel througli the air on switches, broomsticks, etc. Tlicy crossed the sea in eugshelis and sieves. ISee 1. 30, p. 18. In Madxtfi, Act. T. sc 3, a witch .says: •* But in a sieve I'll thither sail."' P. 18, 1. 0. cross. Evil spirits were su})posed to 1 e unable to pa.ss over the ligure of the cross, P. 18, 1. 11. prayers backwards. Witches wei^ supposed to do Ulis to prevent tlie prayeis injuring them. P. 18, 1. 12. pin. See note on 1. 17, p. 10. P. 18, 1. 18. horse. Witches were supposed to take horses out of the stable at night and ritle them fast and far. 50 sill KOGKli 1»E ruVEULKY. P. 18, 1, 20. unexpected escape. Sonu'times, so it was helieved, the witch would lakt^ tlie loi m (»f sfune animal ami of cour.se hafth? llie 8wift<-.st houiuls, either liy greater sju'cd, or l»y vanishing into the air. P. IS, 1. .30. tabby cat, })rin»lhrl cat. Tuhhy was oriirinally a kind of wa\«d silk. ('|> Mac'lx'tli, iv. 1. ''Thrice the hrindlud cat hath lucwed." fSce note on 1. 17. p. 1!). P. 10, 1. r». cattle. It was lKlio\od that the witches "Miad the power to lame tiie oxen in the plough," etc. — Green. 1*. 19, 1. 11. trying experiments. In various ways persons suspect eti of \\ itchciMtt, wi-n; testrd. Soiiutinies the victim was stri|»i>e«l naked and hound, (the right toe to the left thnmh and the right thtimW lo the left toe, so as to fnnu a crs), and then tiirown into a pond. If she flo.ited she was helieved to he guilty. One Matthew Hopkins of the 17th c<-ntiirv who tiavtlled ahoiit discovering Avitche.s, was linally tried hy his own test, lie tlo;iled and Was put to death. Sometimes the vi-tjin was weighed against hlMes. if they proved liea\ ier she Was deelai'ed guilty. Or she mii:ht he re(|uire(l to re[)eat the Lord's prayer ; failure to do so meant guilt. Or she might 1)6 required to weep A wilch, it was snp)>osed, could not shed more than three tears and these only from the left eye. 1*. 10, 1. If), bound her over. It was not till the reign of George II. I hut tiie laws coudemuiiig witches to death were repealed. Aw late tts 1710 a Mrs. IlicUsand In-r daughter, a ciiiid of nine, were put to death for selling their souls to the «le\ il and i;ii>ing a storm hy pulling off their s^ ickintrs ami m.ikiiiLT a lit In r of sojip. See Ashtun, «b'oc7'(t/ jLijt, (;h. 10, and Chamlntrs s Injonuai'toajur the People. V 10. 1. 17. persuaded him to the contrary. ' The s«juire. who would h,i\e shrunk ftoui any conscious cruelty as from a hlow, h-okod on witliout ruth as the torturers ran needles into the witch's flesh, or swam h»i' in the wirch ii p/. Vol II I. , j) 27. " When this essay was wiitten, charges were being laid against one old Woman, Jane \\ enham, whiih K«l to her tiial for wit(;hci'aft in 1712, when she was found guilty and condenme«l to capital punish- ment. The jud_'e got first a reprieve and then a pardon. The lawyers liad r»'tii>erne, testified that every night the pins Went froiii her pincushion to her nunith. Others gave evidence that tln-y had se< II pins come juinping thi'ough the air into Anne Thorne's mouth. 'J'wo swore that they had heaid the prisoner, in the shape of a cat. converse with the cle\ il, he being in the form of a oat. Anne Thojiie swore that slie was tormenteil exceedingly with cats, and that all the cats had the faci' and voice of the witch. The vicar of Ardeley had tested the poor ignorant creature with the Lord's Prayer, NOTES. 5/ and finding tliiit slie could not rep»-at it, litid tft-iificd Ikt Mith his moi'cil tortuit'S into some fsort of coiifcssioii. Siu-li tliin>:s, tlien, were said and done, and such ofcdulity was ahetted vwu hy ('(lucatcd men at tiie tinio when tlie es.s;iv was w rittj-n, I'poii charL't's lii<<' tliose I'iiliciiird in the text, aw 'man .-icfuiUy was. a few months hilci', not only committed hy justices with a less judicious counsellor than Sii' Hotel's ch.ijtlaiu, Imt ai/e.s ami con- demned to death."' Moi ley's ivlir. oi Spu-t., j». 17!). P. 10 1. 22. charqf'^ab'.e to a parish. The people find it pi-ofitable to make hei' out a witch. P. 10, 1. .SI. decrepit fi-ojn T.nt. iJim i itii.<. that whieh makes no noise, hence creeping about n(jisele.-5.sly like an old num. (Skeat. ) SIR PvOCER AT TIIK ASSIZKS Xo. 122. P. 20, 1. 21. Assizes. A session of a court of justice. P. 20, 1. 23. rid. Oh.solete foim of rode. P. 20. 1. 28. •within the ^ame act. Onlv men of l.iith or of property yielding at lea.-st I'lOO per annum, were allowed to shoot game. P. 21, 1. .3. petty-jury. The grand or gieat jury deeides whether the accusation made aLCainst an oU'ender is supported by sutlicient evidence to justify a trial. The pj'tit ■ r" little jury sits \u court, hears the evidence, and gives the verdict. 1'he foi cnum is the spokesman of the juiy. P. 21, I. 13. cast. \A'on and lost so many lawsuits. P. 21. 1. 15. willow tree. Probably a long contested lawsuit about a willow -tree. P. 21, I. 28. round trot. As he was riding at fidl trot. P. 22. 1. 20. accident. Anytln'tig tint 1 aj ]>cns— incident. Cp. ** moving (irri(/f')ir.-i i.y 11. .ud and liejil. Otiiello 1. 3. *' 'i'o what, fKt/t/it/ arrii/eiit is it that we owe so imexpected a visit." Vicar of Wake- field, ch. 10. 1'. 22. 1. 3."). Kn'o^ht's Head. " Portiait signs were not nncoimnon. Ponlaek, the fann d purxeyoi'. l'ai' apjiitnit icc.s. Wmk; tluv li.iir closely cTo|)|»t'«l lo till- JH'inl. " I IK! ci'ouiN who llo'.'k'''! to Wf.si niinst CI' wne chiittly iu.hIi' n |) nt" L )M(lon ii |i|)r(!ni ii-i.s ; ;ini| ih-ir f);>i)on<'nt .-j L.iunl''(l tlii'ui ;i> " Ijoiinil hi':iii>." 'I' icy r<-|tlir.i l)y l.i-an linijj t ip* cuiirtit'i'.s ii -.nt \\ hiLi.iiiiil ii.s .soltUei'.'ioI foriunu oi' ' Cavaliei'ri. " Giuuii, vol iii.. [). 211. V. '21, 1. Kl popish cur. The I'liritans or pirlianimitary party were .slfoni^.y ani i cai iiolic . 1*. '2i 1. IG prick-eared ciir. The tvus of the rxindlH-iuls \\i'i-e piiMMiiK Ml, liii';ii -li ot Lntir (Mosfly cio|»|n'(l liiir. Tiio term, ]»iii k- faicij (III' \\;is o. t* of contjoni .>i . It, \\ i > oi'i_iii,illy apjiln .1 to int halt \\i;;ii, hy d I'Miaiu 1 1 n i^ a lixi^d r.t: i ot Iny valii'' <»t I' i''li t^sl,lU^ Tills met iMxl ol' Laving real |»ro|)tj;riy was afit;r- U'aiils adoptcil liy the ( avaiicrs. In Addison .s liinu, tin; wars wilii Fi'ance made uii inrrcast; jii taxation iKsetM^ary. Tiie \N hig ministry iiici cased the lanil tax; and tlu'. Tory landlord.s atlribulevl it to p.irty s[)ite. P. 24, 1. 2S. destruction of game by poaeliers who were left undis- turbed, when tne counLry gentlemen were diviiled by party strife. P. 2.'), 1. 8. a furious party spirit. " 'V\m 7'a /er and the Spccfafnr were published at a time when two pariits, loud, resthrss and violt;nt, eaitli witii plausii)lc declarations, and each p'lhaps without any disLinul terniinatiou of its view.s, were agitating tlu? nation." (dohnson.) »See also Green's or Macaulay's History. geiiiltMnen or landed proprietors wei-e generally Tories; th niercliants, \Vhigs. Tlnj names " Whig" and '"Tory ' came in P. 2"), 1. 2,"). landed . . moneyed interest. Tlie country he London into general use during Iwo. aj,itat ion about the sncoession to the throne of the I)nke of York. (afterwaid.H James 11. ) They were originally terms of "'bitter- est scorn ami ptity hate.'' "Tory was at this time tlu; name for a native Irish outlaw or ' l)og trottei',' and in fastening it on the loyalist adhi'i'cnis of .lames' ciusc their opponents meant to brand the |)uke and his piiiy as tlui fiicn Is ot Catholic I'cbtds.'' " Whig, (possibly the same as our ' Wlu-y, ) was tli*; name given to the extreme Covenanters of the west of Scotland and in applying it to the members of the country party their opponcnrs nxjant to stiLrmatize them as rt-bels and ' sour f mat i(!s." See (iiccn, vol iii., pj). 2.">S, 4oo ; al.so Trench, iSiudy of Wuvdn, p. 14S ; Macaulay, Historij, Ch ii. P. 2r), 1. 33. bait. Literally to make to bite. Some stables to-day advertising " boarding and baiting." NOl'KS. 59 »» p. 2-') 1. .rS. cheer C]^. 'If they liii'l imt u'"<'i.'i Ih Ix'ionL'iMu' t<> <«• l^•lll|>i«^ <''.' j'diniiii {'2\ ilis|>iir.l hy a (li\ iiiily, lillud with euthii.^ia.sin,") i)n)i>eily let'eis b. religious n..itlfrs only. siRPvOdER AXD Tin: <:iPs[i<:s.-Xo. i:;o. p. 27, 1. S. Gins-es. Th«; iuiitii of tht; w-.r.I \v;ih Hipil>''nii. '• l"i.! >a >;tosiLi*Mi t'lii iiey ucit; lOgypLiuii.s is talse ; tinir original home wad Imlia." (>ixtal ) p. 27. 1. 11. cie'-k. Tht'comitrv lientlcmPii wtM'e ap,.ointe<1 magis- trates, not, btHMU.M' of tiifir kiiowl.-il,'!-, l»iit hfcausc of U\k-\v rmik. I'licir'cl.-iks Wore «iippost;d to be hkilicd in th.- law. See Macau hiy, HUt., c. 3. P. 27,1. 1*^. let the thougrht drop. The laws Mere cruelly severe afy!>iii>l eip.-^i, .s. '• \',\ aci> ol raiiiaiiKiit aii|)l.i cilliiii!; them- selves Buheiiiian.s or Egyptians, are haiigal)ie as fihais at I lie aire of 14 years, a iiM'iith after tlieir ariival ill Knjjland. or after their tiixt dis- guisinL; tlieaiselvt'.s. liefore the moiitli is out they may escape with tlie loss of th ir goods, money, ele , if they have any."' Ashtoii, iSiu'iff/ Lit' . oil. 40. 'I'lie mij >rit v of the magistrates, how ever, like Sir Koger, did not put the law.s in execution. P. 27. 1. 21. agfog*. "To 'set agocj' is to put in eagerness, to make one eager or anxiMis to do a thing "' (.Skeal). P. 2S 1. 1. jade. ])ropeily tiietl horse, also ap)>lied (sontetnptnoasly to an old woniau. Here tiie terai is use.l in a good-luuuoured way. P. 28,1. 1. slut. A slovenly wouuin ; her\j it is nsed in a kindly way. P. 28, 1. 8. Cassandra. Cassandra, the dant,diter of Pri am. King of Troy had tiiegift of pioplieey ; l.iiL Apollo, whom sne iiad olleiided, caused her to he always tli.il)elieved. P. 28, 1. 0. my lines. According to palmistiy. tlie wtiiikles or lines of the p dm '', 1. 10. in a corner. Cp. Acts, ch. xxix. 20. P. 2S. 1. IS. bag-gage. A worthless woman. Here spoken good humourvdly. '• I'eraaps originally a camp follower."' (Skeat ) P. 2S, 1. 29 uncouth. 'The litiM-al sense is simp\y ' tnikiionm,* hcne'e Miauue. awkward, etc ,"" (Skeat,) A. S. }ih not aad cnth pp. of CHiinan to know. ,f'' 60 Slli ItoCKIl 1»K COVKIII.EY. P. 28, 1. 30. darkness of an Oracle, f'p. tlie answer of the l)('lphio Oiacle to Kiiii^ ( i.m-'iis. '* \\ luiii C'n»»isiis pii.sne.s over tlio river Halys, In; (»\»'ii rows tin; strcn^^h of uii oiiipire. "' It tiiriMtl out to lu! Ills (»\\ II t'lnpiie aixl n<>l tlitt of l\is niriny us lu; tlioiiL'lit. Also Cp. ' Aiol-' Aftiilc Roiiiiiiio.s vincuru posse," and " ll)i.s, reoat whidi pli«s foi- hire. Frf)ni (). F. hdf/iteiirt., an aiiililiiig n.i;/, tlicn a horse let ont iov hire, finally any- thing hired, e.j/., " hackney coach."' SIR KOCFR IN TOWN.—No. 269. P. 30, 1. 27. Gray's Inn Walks. These walks or gardens wore a favouritti ])inniena(li; for tiu! lashionahle people of London in Addison s time. See l'«'pys' Diary, Jnne 17, (>(), and 80, (]l, and May 4, "02. 'I'he trees weie ))lanled hy Loi'd Haeon. who was 'I't'Msiirer of (iiiiy"s Inn in l.")07. 'Iht; four Inns of Court or societies of law yera that have the exclusive riirh* ot calling to the ])ar ate the Inner Temple, tuo Middle Temple, i^incolns Imi, and (iray s Inn. P. 30 1. 31. Prince Eugfene. lVi>ice of Savoy (1063-1730). in the war of the Spaiii.>h snccession, ^vaa at first connnaiider <)f the Italian army, later of the Austrian army, lie sli ired with M;irll)oi-ongh ihe honours of the victories of llleidieim, Malphupu't ami Oudt'narde. When Marlliorough was disgraced. Prince Kugcne came to England in 1711 to endeavor to maintain the alliance aiiainst Fiance " f^)iieen Anne made the prince a pr«'sent of a sword richly set with diamonds to the value of £4 .">00. " Being of an Italian family, he signed lumself *' FiUgenio von Savoye." See Sj/tct. No. 340. P. 31. I. f). Scanderbee:. ^"^'nrkish for Alexander, the chief) An Alhaniiin chief, (ieorge Casttiota,, (140.S- I40S) who was " captured in childhood Ity the Turks and lironyht up an.ong them ; hut at the age of 40 he escaped, bedatne a Christian, and led his countrymen in their 8tru"nn whom tlie trick is lu-in;.; ]»layt'il in u'i|niii(l t.o imitato thf inovo- niciit.s of tlitj otht'i". 'J Ik' liiiL'ir i.s tiist iiilil\\ iln' Ixtttom «it the ])latt', tlicM r)V»'i' thn inrr. Aittr this lia.s hi cm thtin- .si-vcial liiiK's thu iiinncfiit vittiiii is .vlioun a h)iiUiii;_'-i.fla>s. I', 'A'2. 1. 'VI. late act of parliament. Tlic Occa.sioiial ('<.iifnriiiity Ihli. '• r.y lilt- 'It .>l Alt ot HIT.') no om- coulil liolil a, "iv il, iiulitiiiy or magisterial ollicc witimiit i«<(-i\ ini; iIk? sarraini'iit an'oi liin.; to i ht; Aiiuliiau lit,!'. Many
  • <»'nI«TS liml (••)iii|)liiil fnitnalh witii llir art ill iiiiifi' to hf ahic to liiil'l dtlji'i'. Till' ( )iTa>iniial ( uiitiM mil y Uill 1'4 1 7 I 1 ) <'iiartt'ii tiiat. aiiy.iiit'. wiiu, aft i !" taking llir sai'ianii-nt , at l iirii il a ri'liLrions nuM'tin'^ ot ili-^sent«'rs. s^IimiiM Iom' his luiii I'' ])iiililiiiL; \\ as ih'iioiiiircil as iiid <• pnpcrv ami i < iisl in'cf as aiiti-clnist lau. ( ']) " iMiliii hiKlh w as |io|ii-.|i ainl miiicf ])if. (Mi, t hat U as Hat iilitla tiy " IMinii-pon iilL^o vas a ciimiMiiind of slewed licrf and miiliuu wiih eiiriaiiis, raisins, .spires, t-tc."' P. I'M. 1. '2 full sight of t lie Pi imr in Ids ti'iMinphal pinj^'t'ess thi'oULlh the ril\ d fro I II lit If !'nlr ( f Ih. /, iilllll II.- 'Iiiltlil III: I •t Hii'ii f In ih mil III' K ni'j J nines J. In w.is uiiiieii l»y Sir Kohert l>al;er, \v hiii in [>i i-oii for tlebl, and 1 mhliftlied ill lt,>-i; P :v.v 1. 1 n. Scnire's ■•w.is noled I'oi' its i olVi c ain i] v\;is f leiiuen te«l childly hy liie heiieiiiis ami viiiueiii > oi ( . ra y .s Inii.' (Midi li i. ]'. .'5;?. 1. 'JO. SujMJlempnt. ''A m-wspaper of 1 lie tiii;e. It wa.s ])uh- lislied alleriiati-l V Willi 1 In- l'>i.il ," \)\ a loiei^iiel" ulioni S\\ ifti uuUs "One iJoyer, a I'leneii dog."" SIK PodKi: IX WKSTMlN'STKIl Aiil5KV.-Xo. :V1\). V X\, 1. .so. my paper. S}>'.S, 1. .SI. Westminster i of tlie western districts of T>ondon. The Al'hey i.s (pdle near the iioiise.s of Parliament. It eoiilains the monuments of nearly all liie great poeLs and of many illn.slrious Englishmen, P. 34, 1. 7. Baker's Chronicle. See note on p. .SS, 1. 7. P. 34, 1. 14. Widow Trueby's Water. "One. fine iimnnierahle 'strong waters' drunk, it is said ([leihaps lihelloiisi\ i ehiefly ]iy the f n 62 sill KOt.Ki: 1>K ( ()Vl-:i;|,KY. fair Hox as an exhiliirant, tlu; txcusr.s l>»*ii\i.' the colic and the vapors" (Wills). For its (jualilios, see this ami the next j)aiagra[)h. P. 34, 1. 29. The sickness. Tlic f.la^'ue of 170«). 1*. .Tt, 1. .'?! hackney coach. ]{ai;kn«y cwa-'hes wero intioduced into London ahout hi.{!>. For liaokni-y see note on 1. 1*2, p. '2[). V. .'{4, 1. .'io. doctors and apotherarier. The < iiiviilroiis way of rt-i^ardiiig liia aireelioii for tiie |>ei\( r.se widow. I*. .*{."). 1. M). roll. "The lobacc.-o wa.s twisted into a rope and made up in roll.s." (Asliloii) P. 35, 1. 22. Sir Cloiidesley Shovel. P>oiii in iri."»0 of poor parents, lie ran away to ."^ta mid ro.su from cal>ind)oy to he an admiral, in i7('7 ■wlu'ii retuihiiiLT I > iviul.iiid with iiis tlt-et lu- wa.s sliipw recked ofl Scilly Islands, ills Itody l»eiiiL; waslud a.shoicwus hiiried I'V sonu; ti.slwriiian but was aftei'Wards taken to Wustminster AMiey, Mai'aiilny says, "Sir Cliri.stophei Miiij^'.s had entered the 8er\ i* e ;is a caldn hoy. His cjihiii hoy was Sir .lohii Xarlioroii-jrh. aii\(l " Nisi., cii. 3. See what Addison says of the moiiiiiiieiit in Spt't. .No. 2(). T*. :i.'), 1. 2(). Dr. Busby readma.ter of Westminster from l<140to to Hi!).") Aiiioml; ids ^mpihs wv.n-. J)ryden and Locke. lieissaitlto have kept his cap cii when Cliarh's II. \i-ited the school. sayin«,' ib Mould never do for the hoy.s to tiiiid\ ;tnv on^ superior to hi.Mscjf, "He was famous for the sevetitv of Ir- Idrciiings." Siee interesting Story of HiisWy 's .schi»id in Sjitct. Xo ."i!.J. P. .*)'), 1. 21). little chapel, of St. Kdmnn.l. the king of East Anglia ■who was nnirdereil in WTO. P. ',]~y, 1. 31. historian, L'liide. Li this, the next, and last para- graphs lie is given aiKC.hcr name. P. 3."), 1. .32. The lord who cut off the Kingrot Moroccos head. The er»'st of Sir lieiiiaid linniis ( 1 ;,">0 V l.'{!>."»i, oi f the favoiiiiH': knights of tlie lilactk Prince, " i epresentcii what is heraldically called * a moors head orientally erownel. ' Th" <'rcliin y. P. 3."), 1. .37. martyr. "An alabaster statue of F.Iiz: lieth Pnssell of the Bedford family, foolishly shown for many years as the lady Mho o//'/(>//). (lohlsmith says it was one of the " hundred lies " w hich the attendant of his day was in the hahit of telliuj4 without hhishinu. P. .30, 1. 0, coronation chairs. In the "most ancient" of the chair. s NOTKS. g:j all the sovercii/iiM of Iuiij;l;iii(l, siiicc! tin; tiiiu' <»f IMwaitl I.. Imve sut at coronation. I'lidcr it, i.-^ tlif fiuiious hIomh on uliicli tin* S«'otii>li kind's Mere crovvn«tl. ]t wim \iViH\^\\l finm S«;one l>y Kii inonatcliv , took it to Scotl.iMil. ' TIm^ sci'ond chair was niiulu lor the coronation of Will lain an< I M irv chait P. 36, 1. 14. forfeit, line (Ifniandi-.l from any one wJio lia.s sat in the I*. 30, 1. lo, trepanned. More ooi-ifct form, fniiMiinin/, canght in a trap. P. 30,1. '29. The evil, scrofnla or " kinu's evil." The toncli of the kin<5 wa.s l»elit-\t'il to <'nro persons atllicttd with it. Tin- helief • iatejj from the lift h ••••iit nrv. I >r. .lolnison icmen I'll fil |i,i \ iii'4 in'«"n tonclie/>/;•»>>.«/ Mniln i\ an adaptation of R.'icine's Aniiroiiiinine, iiy Amiirose l'hilip>, one of A dd i. son s friends. The followijig ontlini- of thu plot will explain some of the jillnsions of thi.s paj>er " .\tlhe full of Troy, Aihlromaciie, widow <,f Ilceto)-, w a.s gi\ en in tin; di>l rihiition of eapt i\ rs to l*\ ii hii>, Kinu ot I'! pirns. .iImHi^ with lier Hon Astyana.x. ralliiii.; in h»\e with her. I'vn Ins w i.^lit ti her to l>eeoine hi.s \\ ile. hut she refused. At t iie .same time htw ,,- madly lov.tl hy Heriniiim', . w ho h;id hi en l»etrollie«l to Orestes, hnt. promised ill MiarriaL'e. hy her fath{ Orestes, to . who. how- ever, placed the crown, as in* fell, upon Andronia,iKi?i!4 ( 'oliliii IS. kinMUiii.c dnwn Wiitfliincii, o\ff- turning ( uii.^t.ililr.s, liiciikin;,' \\ iinltius, M;i;t. A fniit('iii|iui'ary says 'I'IimToum iJiUfs, MdlinwUs or Haw kiil'itis, Hi la<|.,c(| till! watili ill I).\(Mii\ ciiip t juid I!-m'X .«1ii'»I, U!iil IilhUj llniil :-CM\\tr. 'I'liry aUo slit two p^ r-niis' lit..--;, Jllal (lit. a ^\"!.im ill I I.I' aim w itll Ji piiikiiift,' ( hal. .sin: is laiii'il. 'j'lii y liU<'\v i>«', riiui.d it Wiiiiiaii ill a, t:il> down SimW lli'l, lii.it M' is '^••'^'•Ji d) P.ai'^' t, st.-b <>: 111!" \'. I'liii'ii >iis in;iiitif!-." A'-litoM, .S'" /'"/ /.!fi , ( li. .*!7. 'ill' ir II iiii'i nppai't'iit 'y \'. a.s siii,'u'i"-iilly l>a\\s n \\,is a Molia\> k. ,*^, .- iMafuiilay, /. 'sfi.ri/ Cli. .'{..also .Sv\if! :i Jiiiirjiii/ lo Sli ','ii, March N, 1711. P. ns, 1. 'Jl!. Captain Sentry. S.cl. 11, p. Id ami note <:;i 1. 1, p. 1. r. .'{S. 1. 'J! four o'riork. The pla\s hlon .S'..7^(/ J,i/i, vol. II, pp. r> ami (I. I' ."is. 1. :',!. Steenkirk. A imtly conti'sicd Inti'c l.rtwccn llio I'll lull iiiiihr i)iikc of J^ii.\i.'niln»ui'g and the allicii undi.T William 111. lli.i'J. ]\ :10. 1. 2. The pit "The pit Is an amphit'ieat le, filled with hcncjirs withmil 1> icklioanls, and adorned and co\eiels that hunt f.ir piey ."^it all lo'_;elli(r 111 I'ds plai-e, h -'jledy -pi'j'^li dw cliatter, toy, phiy, Ileal', lieariioL."' A>liti'li, Sfc'tnl liji , \ol. ii., p. 7. 1'. .10. 1. n. Kinof of France. T.onis XIV. See Sped. Xo. i:i!>for Adiii.>on s ojiiniim of t iiis piiatd prince. P. .W, 1. '2.'. his. 'v. the si'.Mi of the yiossessiv e case, represents the fdd lln^li.-h «.s. W'fongly it w .is forineily snppostil to In; a contraction for ///,s. i\ .SO. 1. 'M. to be iniderstood. "A sly hit at the l.onihastio r \'aii\l«iill. iN-pyn' Diary, May 'J8, KKiT : '* I»n xNalcr to Foxliall and tlu'if walkt-l in S|)i lug (ianh'U. A ^iral dt-al of I'dtiipany aiul llit; wiiitlur aiiil garde n |il«'ii>aiit ; and it i.s \«'ry |iltiisaiit and clicitp going thiliici', f<>r a man may go to s|i*'iid wiiat )iu will, or notliiii^', all is one. |>iit to hear tlu; niglitingali-s an«l otlitT liirds, and liiTo liddlcs, and tliiMc a liiir)), and Iwrt' a .It-w's tiMni|) and liuru laughing, and there tine people walking, i.s niighly diverlirsing." 1*. 41, 1, 2'A. gfossip. Fr(»in Ootl and sih akin. First the name was applied to sponsoisor ( »od pairnis as akin ii»(iotl; latei' to tin- t.ilk of lliose who were l)ronght into alhnit.y and near familiarity with one another by tiie act of a cunanuu sponsorship. 8ee Trench, Eutjlisk Pant and Prtsent. p. 321. P. 41, 1. 27. Temple-stairs. The .stairs at the bottom of the Temple gardens where tlie Tliames watermen moored their boats. P. 42, I. 5. bate him, excuse his missing, bate, abate. P. 42, 1. 7. barge. "They give tliis name in England to a sort of pleasure-lioat, at tine end of wti.en is a In lie loom handsomely painted and covered, with a table in the middle and benches round it ; and at the other end, seats for S, 10, 12, 'M) or 40 loweis. There aie very few persons of gieat (piality but wliat have their baiges. Their watermen wear a jacket of the .same colour they give for their lively, with a pretty large silver badge upon their arm, with the nobleman's coat of arms embossed on it." Ashton, Social Lije, vol. 11, p. 148. P. 42, 1. 14. La Hogue. The French fleet under Tourvllle was to land a French army in England to aid the ,Jacol)ites against William MI It was ilefe.ited with great loss by the allied English and Dutch tbifctir n May IDth, 10U2. This destioyed the iiope.s of the dacobite.s •ui! ti e chance of the Catholic powers restoring the throne of England t.> J. flies II., who was supposed to be in favor of making the Catliolic tknv • u the national cluwoh. P 42, 1. 21. London Bridge. The old London Bridge, built of ston»-. It was commenced in 1176 and remained in use until 1825. "A cuiious fal»ric it was. containing an immense (juantity of stone arches of various shapes and sizes, piers so bulky as to render navi- gation between tlirni very diingerous, and a row of buildings. These buildings were four stoiies in height, sfianning across the passageway for Tiattic. The lowest story was fre((uently used as a shop ; the other stonea were dwellings." Book of Days. P. 42, 1. 22. seven wonders of the world. (1) The pyramids of Egypt. (2) The Hanging (hardens of Babylon, built by Nebuchadnez- zar. (3) The Tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria. (4) The temple of OG silt KoCKK 1»K roVKKLKV. Diana at Kpln'siis. (."n Tli*- (^olossiis at IIImkIcs, cast in ni-ass. (»>) 'I'lio ivorv ami l;'»1(1 Stalin* nf Zi-iis Ity I'liiilias. (~ \ 'I'ln' Pharos or Walcli- lowt'r, liiiilt, liy l'lot«-niy lMiila' Siianil ami w fst. t'n; is Wcstuiiuster or thu wt-stfiii tJisiricL h','y<>ii:ii;rh<)t/s Ijitnai V Stiulics. .'i vols ,'J 00 < )lij)l);iiit's II i>tory ot" Eji;4lisli Litcruturt'. 3 vols 2 70 lUjcUiaiurs Story of Kiiu'lisli Litci-aturc I 00 Clioiiv of Hooks — l)V Fi»Mlciic' Ilaii-isoii \)0 Ij'tUM-s oil Liti'ratiire — Aiidnnv Laii^f I 00 Iiit«'ratin"e of tli«^ Second C«tli Century Literature I '»0 The Tinus Atlas, eontainin;^ I LS pa^cs of Maps and an Alj)hal)etii;al Index, iVo 1 .■iO,000 names. ^Morocco 8 HO Brewers Dictionary of Phrase iind Fahle 3 00 First Sketch of Knuflish Literatui'e hy Henry Morley.. '2 lio Bartlett's Familiar (Quotations 1 (lO Cral>l)'s KnLflish Synonvnis 1 00 Fallow's Synonyms and Antonyms 1 00 Our Oata1<>^ne of Stan ," HI If) All thrcf jinrts hound in on*' volume 10 Academic Arithmetic, i"Mn;< Wnt Four .,f tii>- l'n>- • ircssive School Serit's of Ai-it Iniict i.-s. !>v KiiuH-d y and O'Hearn 40 Health Reader, Part I i^o " " II 30 Sir Roger DeCoverley i-apers, with introduc- tion and Notes 15 Milton's L'Allegio, II Penseroso. Ooir-u.^^ ^^ Lycidas, with introduction and note:- »y A. ('anuToii, Principu! of the Yaiinoutli Academy ... 15 Macaulay's Ei^say on Milton with Introduc- tion and NoceF^ — l>y l>a\id Soloan. li. .V 15 Evangeline, witli Introduction and Notes i5 Convetgation Method m German '-y ll.Uis I.othir [juliiT, M. A., Professor (jf Modem Luiil,'um-;'<'S, Kings Collei/e, tuid A. MeKuy, Suj>er\ i.sorof Schools Hul'ifa.N, N. S \ I 00 Physical Drill for Public Schools i»y J^er-(eant l^.aiiey, H. .M. Army, mid Alex. M.-Kav, Supers i^or of Sel.ools, Halifax.' '. 30 Allen'ji Rule Hcale lor Mathematical Drawing. 5 Book keeping Blanks. K^Mnentary !•_> " 'V Advaured !*.'» " Eaton tV P»a/»-(.*.s Coinl)ined. . . 25 JScho^l Day Melodies, a Te.xt i;.M»k for Seiiouis, in ToiiirSol l''a Nor.ifioM - hy Ada V Ptvan, (}. T. kS. C. Text-Book on Cookery for Schools »»y I!«len N. IJell, PiLuipal of ilalifttx (Jookeiy Selioof 25