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Maps, plates, charts, etc., mey be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too ierge to be entirely included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right end top to bottom, as many fremes as required. The following diegrems iiiustrste the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de t'engle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droits, et de haut en bas, en prenent le nombre d'imeges nAcesseire. Les diagrammes suivants iiiustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 *H '' » i lUI.LKTIN (IF THE IMTKD STATES FISH COMMISSION. P)47 As soon as tlie boxes liiivc been put on board the steainor licy should, without Wwy; exposed to the warmth for puy length of time, be phwed in tlu' irt'lioiisr on a hii/cr of matt hi ff so as to avoid (wicuftsions. In lh«i ieehouse a jdaee sliould bo selected Avhere the thermomettT indicates a few trodi(;tio:v of < .\i.ifok:vi.\ namtio.'v i>to Ontario, with ke.yiarkfi) oi-v thk dimappkaraivc'k of itiai.^f matitiox frou THAT l>ROVI!V<-F. Bj «A:»H Kl. WILIflOT. XfWCASTJ.K, ()NTAU1«», Xofcmbcr 10, 18S1. I'H.n S. r. lUlIM), ]VHsliinfjton, Ik ('. : I have to aixdojii/.e lor the great nei^Iect in not .i>ivinj;' \on picN ioii> notice of the safe arrival of the half million California salmon c^iis ob- laiiicd thron^ih your kind instrumentality. They all aiTivcd in the best possible condition and are now hatched, as lively little lish. jjy far the greater jiortion of this consi,i4nm(Mit was sent to the Saint ,b)hn's Kixt'i Imtchery in New iJrunswick. J*revi(»us experience havinu tau,^ht me the iini>ortanee of ha\ inj^- a s]ieeial messenj;('r to look alter lish eg'us in lr<(i;sitii, I sent my son to meet the Californians at Chica.uo. He dropjied oil at this station a jiortion of the e;^',u's for our hatchery here, and pro eeeded on with the balance (a1»out ;5.")0,(K)U) to the Saint ,b»Iin Jdver. meeting with (comi)aratively sjieaking) no losses whatever. 'I'liis xcnture will give a very fair trial ot what California salmon will actually «lo iu oui' Atlantic rivers, as I propose turning the whole of the product of this hatchery directly into the Saint John near the hatching- house, which is situated about -()(» miles up the Saint .lohn's Ifivertrom the I>ay ofl'undy. 1 trust, for the especial gratitication oi yourself and myself, these young "Californians"' may not turn truants ui)on us alto- g«'ther, but that sonu' of them may return to us for fuither edu<'ation "in the way in which they should go." About this tinu' last year I wrote >«)u concerning a strange freak o| nature with the salmon in this stream, namely that there were no nude- to be found in the creek to im])reguate the eggs of the females with, and that all of the salmon entering it (though much less in numbers than Probably Ki'aniniir. — (Translator'a notp.) I o48 lULLKTIN' OF TIIi: T'NITKD STATKS FISH COMMISSIOX. the provious years) wimv, with the excoptioii of some tliicc or four, en- tirely feniaU's, and of a very larj^e size. I asked you to rxplain tins peenliarity, or to give nu' sonic "seienlilic tiirory" lor it, if it were pos sil>h'. \on cither wouhl not, or could but certainly dihsence ()f salmon in this stream. So fiir this fall only four or five adult fish lia\e yet I»een seen, althouj^h the tinu' is n(>w almost past for their a]»pearaiicc for spawning;' purposes; oidy two or three sj>awnin;;-beils are noticeable in the creek where Iinii- dreds were rc.n'ularly seen in Ibi'mer years. Tlie (»nlv show this season is a small lot of j;iilse, alrmt fifteen or twenty all told, and the\ look as if thev came iVom some ••infernal re}4ion," beiuji' dirty, black, scabby fellows, lean and laidi, as if hybrids between eels and salmon (if such ,\ thing could Iw). I'aceti(»usly sjienking. theic is evidently a ••missing link" concerning tlu'se salmon tiiat were so plentiful in 1S7S ami for live ami six years previously. In 1S7!» tiny tell off very largely in nundx-rs, but were all very large fish. In IS.so the reduction was very great, with the strange pheuonu'uon of all being females. In ISSl only half a dozen adult fish and a few dirty discoIore view has been forced upon \uo from the many experinu'uts whi<'h I have I'aih'd to carry out in the tiials to restock pontlsand streams (with brook trout) within short distances of their entrance iiuo Lake Ontario. This state of things has been brought about by the abnost total clearing up of the country, causing many streams to become almost dried up in mid suiiinu'V, anlowe(l tiehls, turnpike roads, sawmills, and factories of all kinds; this so pollutes the water that the young of the higher orders of tish, such as salmon and trout, cannot live and thrive in such places. vn^BvavsTnrs ■ sal here f IV vci . son. tioii icific litli, li ill ri.i> lavc ooU riiis ;■ "1' mill itoi'. mi's 0S«'(1 i'oiii »f al! rs of IOCS. BULLiyriN OF Tin: rMTF.D STATES FISH COMMISSION'. 349 So marked has this been tho case widiiii tlio past live or six years (and it is constantly inercasiii;,') that in small [londs and in the main streams where a lew years ago parrs and sinolts ((tnld he seen in lar};e nnmbers. it is now (piile an exceptional occiirnMici^ to see tlM'm anywhere. In corroboration of this fact I have only to mention that as a matter o1"«'X- periment yonn;;- tront, salmon, and (.'alilornia salmon hav<^ freeen taken IVoiii the sprinj;water tanks and placed in the i)onds of creek water, and they invariably die, in the snmmer months, within a tew days, sometimes weeks, after the chany'c is mach'. This deplorable anlumi) in ai>i)earaiice. Mr. Armistcad, the I'^ng, lish gentleman who brought out your ••soles," called ui)on me to-day- and ill going round my ponds, exi»ressed the ojtinion (from what he saw of yours at AVashington) that mine woiUd be very well adapted for the far]>. 1Miis opinion is also borne out by the growth of the few carp I phuM'd in the smallest and most inferior of these ]t.' Our mutual friend, Mv. ^Vhitcllel•, is most anxious that 1 should introduce thi'in in our \vat«'rs. By ^i.lllTII E. Ill'eriment thus far. In June 1 put about one hun- dred weak-lish in my pond, which had been prepared for them sonu' time jirevious to putting them in, and during that time seemingly tens of thousands of imnd chubs had gotten in tl"ough the one-half inch wire- .screen, or else hatched in there, and con not get through the one-half