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'TT 
 
 FIFTH BOOK OF BKADIHO LESSOXS. 
 
 435 
 
 fS» 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 
 1 
 
 THE DISCpVEBY AVB EXPLORATION OF THE 
 PELLY (TUKOH) EIYER. 
 
 {Cofdrihmted 6y the Diacovertr,) 
 Robert Campbell, Utely a Chief Factor of tho Hudson Bay Company. 
 
 [The Yukon (Pelly) is the Urgwt river that flimfi from the American 
 continent into the Pacific Ocean. Riiang as the *' FeUy " River in the 
 Rocky Mountains, on the northern frontier of British C^ihimtiia, it main- 
 tainH n westerly direction for Heveral hundred miles. It croMies the 14lHt 
 meridian, which forms the eastern boundary of Alaska, and holding a north- 
 went course for more Uian six hundred miles, it is joined by the Porcupine 
 River from the north. At the junction stands the Hudson mv CompMiv'a 
 station. Fort Yukon. Up to this iK»int the river is called che l^elly, nut for 
 the remaining twelve hundred mileH of its coiu'se it is known tm the Yuk«m. 
 I* enters the Ser of Kamchatka (l^hring Sea) by several inouths. an ^ the 
 name of one of these mouths, the Kwicn-fvik (|>r. Kwif-pak), has bv the 
 RuHsians been misapplit>d to the whole river. The total course of this 
 maimificent river !s estimated at more than two thousand five hundred 
 miles ; at six hundred miles froni the mouthi it exceeds & mile in width, and 
 it is navigable at hkrh water to within a short distance of its very source. In 
 183H, Malakoff, a KusHian official, entered the Yukon and explored it for 
 aU»ut six hundred miles~t<) its junction with the Nulato ; four years later, 
 Derabjn ff>unde<i a settlement at this s|M>t. Eairly in the winter of 1843 
 Zagoskin, <»f the Russian imperial navy, arri ed on the scene, Mnsted in 
 building Fort Nulato, and made a report of [Mrcgress, which has becu trans- 
 lattnl into (»erman. Zagoskin's chart of the Yukon shows tmly sev^n hun- 
 dred miles of its courNe from the mouth. Here Russia,n exploration termi- 
 nated. In 1840, as he himself relateH below. Mr. R4>bert Campljell. an ofli<er 
 of the Hudson Bav Ciwnfiany, while searching f«»r the source of the G>lvi,k» 
 River, discovered the watershed of a river which he named the '* Pelly," find 
 which in 18nO, by an explcMration of twelve hundred miles, he proved to be 
 identical with the Yukon. 
 
 The following valuable monograph has been with great kindnem prepared 
 by the expl<»rer himself expressly for this Read*'?, anti it has been raited 
 from his aut(«ra|>h draft. The connected narr»4;ive of these discoveries i.** 
 now i«tr the nrst time published, U)ough since 1853 we have enjoyed the 
 fniits of Mr. Campbell's explorations in the ma|is of British 0>lumbia and 
 Alaska which were ul^pared by the late Mr. Arrowsmith from Mr. Camp- 
 bell's ioumals of ex|Moration. - 
 
 Early in the s^i^ of 1838 Mr. Campbell, after encountering daimrs that 
 had baffled iMrevious exploren, succeed<>d in establishin||[ a Hudson Bay |X)st 
 at Deaae's Lahe, the srmrce of one of the west tributaries of Uie Mackensie 
 River. In July of the same year he discovered the watershed of the Stikeen 
 River. Since the discovery of the wonderful Cassiar gold-fields in 1873, 
 Stikeen River and Dease Lake have become familiar names : the river is the 
 great gateway to the north gold-field of Britiah Columbia, and Lake De«M 
 has been the centre of much feverish life and activity. The remainder of IH38 
 and the year 1839 were spent by Mr. Canipbell mther in perilous cx|il()rati<mM 
 or in making (ireparatjons for them. Inm explorer waa on one occasi^m re- 
 duced to such dire straits that he and his comnanions were forced to use for 
 r«Mid the parchment windows of their hut, ana even the very lacing of their 
 snow-shoes.] 
 
 In the spring of 1840 I was appointed to ex|4ore tke north 
 
 
 tM 
 
4:i(\ 
 
 Fi/'TH lUntK nF REAltlS^; LKSSitSs. 
 
 $' 
 
 ^.1 
 
 Itraiifli ot" lilt' Liiiiil l-i\«r* to it> --uurcrs. aiul to cio.s.s the 
 KiK-ky MoMiit.nns an»l trv to tiii.l ;iii\ ri\«'r tlowiuij w«-Nt\vanl. 
 «*sjM*ciull\ tli.' luatl-uatrrs of tlir (.'olxiilc tin- uioutli of wliicli, 
 in tlif Antic Ocean, had In't'ii rei-cniK disccniTi-d l>v M«'Nsrs. 
 I><'as»* and Siiiiji«>(>ii. 
 
 Ill pursuance of tlicsc insti'uctionN I !» ft Fort Halk«ttT in 
 Mav Nvitli a can^w and m*\ en nn-n, aujoiii: tlicni niv trustv 
 Indians Lapic ami Kirza, and the int«'rj>i' 'ter Hooic. After 
 ascending tli«' stream some liundrcd nnle>. and fai* into the 
 mountain^, we entered a heautiful lake, which I named Frances 
 Ljike, in h«>nor of Laily Simpson.; Tlie i-i\er thus far is ratlier 
 serpentine, with a swift currejit, and Hanked on VM)tli M(h's oy 
 chains of mountains, wliicli aM-eiid to a hiirlier altitude in tin* 
 • ►ackirround. The countrv i> well wooded with poplar. >pruc»', 
 j»ine, tir, and hirch. (iame is pi-etty dumdant, e>pecially 
 Ix'aver, on the meat of winch, with mo«»sevleer. ^jeese, and 
 ducks, we Lr*'H<*»'ally lived. Mountain trout ai«* \ery tine and 
 ahurv<lant. tmd e.^sily taken with a h(M>k and any l>ait. Al'out 
 five miles farther on, the lake di\ ides into two Urancht's i-ound 
 '* Simpson > Tower. The south, which is the lonirei* Imnch. 
 extends foi'ty miles. Lea\ iiiLj the canoe and part «)f the crew 
 near the south we>t extremity of tliis Iti-andi, I set out with 
 three Indians and the interpreter. Shoulderinn our hlankets 
 an«l iruiis, we ascended the valley of a I'iver which we traced to 
 its source in a lake t-'ii miles loni:, which, with th^' river, I 
 named Finlayson s Lake and Ki\er. The lake is situated so 
 near the wjiter-shed, that, in hii;h t1ood>. water llows from hoth 
 i'ImIs down hoth sides . »f ti»e mountains, feedin^r the Aritic and 
 Pacitic ( >cean.s. 
 
 Fnnn this poiat we de>cended the west slope of tlie Rocky 
 Mountains, and on the second dav from Finlavs(tn"s l^ike, we 
 ha»l the pleasim; siiiisfai tion of >e« in;.' from a hiuh hank a 
 splendiil river in the <listance. I nanu*d the liank from which 
 we eauirht the first ij^limpse yf.tl^e river '* Pelly IJafd^s," antl th«* 
 river " Pellv River, aft»'r our home L[ov«'rnor Sir H. Pellv. 
 I may mention, in passinir. that Sir (MM»rj,r«' Simpson in a 
 kind letter called them hot h after me. •*l'am))heirs Ininks antl 
 River,"' hut in mv r»*plv I disclaimed all knowledge of anv such 
 
 f '• 
 
 ! 
 
 ir 
 
 ;i.y 
 
 * Tlie c]n»'f aJtiueiit of the Mackcii/ie Kivor treiu th»' w»>st. — Editin'. 
 + Fort Hjilkett is on the Liani [{i\rr. A'«//7</. 
 
 t Th»* wif»' of Sir < it'ovire Siinpsou. \^ h.» \va> from 1^21 to 1S57 the Can:ulian 
 Govcruur of the Hudsiai Bay Coiujwiiy.—AV/tfo/-. 
 
T 
 
 <T 
 
 <y' 
 
 f •] 
 
438 
 
 FIFTH BOOK OF READlNd LKSSoys. 
 
 "C 
 
 places.* Aftrr reachluc: tin* ju'tual bank of the rivor we con- 
 stnict«Ml a raft, on wliicli w«* <Mnlmrk«»«l, aiul ]ia<l the ]>l«*a.sur« 
 of (Iriftiiii; Jowii a few miles «Jii its Kosom ; and at |»artini:, 
 we cast into the stream a s{»ale<l tin can, with m«'moran(».. of 
 our discoverv', the date, etc. 
 
 Hiujidy de]ii,dit»Hl with our success, we retraced our steps to 
 Frances I^ke, where we rcfifainetl the rest of our party, who 
 durinu: our al>sence had huilt a house on the point at tli«* forks 
 of the lake and i*alled it *'(ilenlyon House." Keturninj,', we 
 reach«Ml Fort Halkett [on River Lianl] ahout the l<»t]i of 
 S'pteniher, and forwarded the report of our trip hy thr jmrty 
 who hrouirht up our outtit. 
 
 The Company now n»solv(Ml to follow up these discoveries, 
 and in pursuance of this plan I was ordered in 1S41 to estaMisli 
 a tradinijf-post on Fnxnces Lake so' as to he ready ff^r future 
 ojM'rations westward. In 1S4'J, l»irch bark for the buildinu' of 
 a larixe caiun* to W used in explorintc the Pelly was hi-ouirlit up 
 from Fort de Lianl with the outtit, and duriuix the wiiit«r was 
 3ent over the mountains hy do*;-sleiL:hs to Felly Banks, wlure 
 tlie necessary l>uildinp> were put up, an«l the canoe was built in 
 the earlv si>rini; of 1^43. Karlv in June I l«'ft Frances Lake 
 with some of the men. We walke<l over the mountains to th»' 
 Felly l>aidvs, and shortly aft-»'r sturte<l down str<»am in tl.e ranoe 
 with the interpreter H<X)le. two French ( 'anadians. and tlm-f 
 Intlians, As we advanced, the rixer increased in size, and the 
 scenery formed a succession of ]>ictures(pie lands* 'ap'-s. About 
 twenty-tive miles from Frlly Kanks wtM'ucountered a l)ad raj>id, 
 — *'Ho«»le's"' — where wt' were forcetl t(» disrmbai-k evervthijii;. 
 Elsewhere we had a nice tlowiiiLj current. Kan'j:«'s of mountains 
 tlanked us on both sides: (m the ri^ht hand the mountains were 
 generally covered with wo«hI : the left ninire was more open, 
 with patches of irn'en [)oplar runnini; up its valleys aiul hftrn- 
 si^if's, remindint; one of the <;reen brae-fac-e of the Hiirhland 
 glens. Moose-deer and hilars were oft^n sern as w«' passed 
 along ; and at points where the j>reeipicc rose abrupt from the 
 waters edge, the wild she?p, — -"big horn," were oft«n se»'n on 
 the shelving nnks. Thev are vnv kren sii:lite<l. < >nce thev 
 take alarm, thev lile swiftlv and gracefullv o\er thr ni(»untain. 
 
 f 
 
 'A 
 

 FIFTH noOK OF RE A DIN a LESSONS. 
 
 439 
 
 1^ 
 
 \\'li<Mi w»» clianctMl to u'*'t our, w«' found it sj>U'inli»l eating giKnl 
 t'nou;;li tor ovrn an ♦•i»ic'un'. 
 
 Thus wf travj'lUMl on for several days. We saw only one 
 family of Indians, — "Knife" Indians, till we t^'aeh^^Ml tlie 
 junction of the P»llv with a trihutarv whieh was namt'<l tin* 
 
 • • • 
 
 Ii<*wis. H»*r»' we fount! a larije carn|» of Indians, the "WiMMJ" 
 Indians. We t<j4>k them hy no ordinary surprise, as they had 
 never seen a white man In^fore, and they look^l U|>on us an<l 
 tvervthini: ahout us with .some awe aa well as curious suryirise. 
 Two of their chiefs, father and son, were very .stout, tall, and 
 iXOiMldookinij. We smoked the pipe of j>eace top'ther, and I 
 distrihuTed some ])restMits, Th<*y s|»oke \erv loud, as do all 
 Imlians in their natural stiite, hut they seenu'tl kind and jM-aee- 
 ahle. When we explninetl to them as ht'st wo couhl that we were 
 iroiniif down stream, they all raisetl their voices against it. 
 Amoni: other dangers, they indieate<l that inhahiting the lower 
 river wen* many trihes of "had" Indians, — "numerous a-s the 
 sand," " v\ho wouM not only kill us. Uut eat us," We should 
 never return, and friends cominir to look after us would unjustly 
 l»l;ime them for oui- mur<ler. All this frightened our men to 
 such a deixrec that 1 had reluctai tly to consent to our return, 
 wliiih uiuler the circumstaTices wa.s the only alternative course. 
 I learned afterwanls that it would have U^en madn«'ss in us to 
 luiNc made aifv further advance, unpre})ared as we were for such 
 an eiiter{>ris«*. 
 
 Much depres.se<l. we that afterno<5n retracted our course up 
 stream ; hut before doing so, 1 launched on the river a sfale<I 
 can containing memoramla of our trip, etc. 1 was so dejectt^l 
 at the unexpected turn of ati'airs that I was p**rfectly lu**'dless 
 of what was passinir : hut on the third lay of our upwanl })r!>g- 
 i-ess, I notiied, on hoth sides of the riv r, tires burning on the 
 hill-tops far an<l near. This awoke me to a .st^nse of our situa- 
 tion. I ronjecturtnl that, as in Si-otland of the ohlen time, these 
 \v»'re }*i(fiiiil-fl ns . that they summone<l the Indians to surround 
 and intercept us. Thus awakened we made the In^st u.se of 
 pacldle and " tracking line " U^ get up stream and ahead of the 
 Indian sii^nals. On the fourth morning, we came to a {>arty of 
 Indians on the bank of the river opposite* fron» us. They made 
 siirns to us to cross over; which we did. They were very hostile, 
 
 bows U'nt and arrow.s in hand, -and they would not come 
 down from the top of the hiirh bank to the water's e<Ige to 
 reveiNe us. 1 sent up a luau with pieces of tobacco, — the em- 
 
I"* 
 
 
 
 f- 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
1 : 
 
 F!FTH WKiK OF IttAIHM^ J.hSSUlW. 
 
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 It 
 
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 blern of |K*a<e, — to nassurf tlu-m ; Imt at first th-f'v \v(^ul«l liar.lly 
 n'inov*' tluMr hamls from tlicir hows to n*rc*ivc it. \V«* us<«'inl««l 
 the hank to tlinn. ami luul a inost frit'ndly interview, carrit*<l on 
 by words and si;;ns. Jt HMjuircd, howj-vcr, some jin^sst^ and 
 adroitness to ;i«'t away from them. Once in th«* chik**' w** 
 (juiekly ])iish<'(l out and struck down stn*am and ohliqin-ly for 
 the opposite hank, so as to hv hryond arrow ill i^ht, and I fac^d 
 ahout inm in liand to watch tlieir aitions. TJic riv»'r was* tlu-re 
 too hroad for eithrr l>all or arrow. Wo workrd liard diirint; 
 t]ie rest of tlie dav an«l till late. The men wen* tin*d out. and 
 I made tlu-m all sleep in my tent tliat niirht while I kept watdh 
 At that season the niirht is so clear that one can read, write, or 
 work throu<(hout. Our camjt lay on the hank of tlje river at 
 tlie >»ase of a steep )»ank wjiiih liad large tre**s liere and there 
 up its t;nv>»!^y slojH*. In the forks of one of these trees i j>Mssed 
 the «rreater part of this anxious ni<.:lit, readini; Ufrr^-ifs Mxliln- 
 tioiu^ and ke«'pin:,'a vi<,Mlant look-out. Occasionally I descen<led 
 and walked to the river-hank, hut all was .still. Two vears 
 afterwards, when fri«'ndly relatioiis had heen established with 
 the Indians in this district, I learned to my no smaU astonish-- 
 ment that the hostile tribe encountere<l down the river lia<l 
 doixi^ed us all day. an<l when we encamj>e(l for the niirht ha<I en- 
 cam])ed ]»ehind the crest of the hill : and tliat from t.iis lair 
 thev had watched mv everv' movement. With such exact detail 
 as onlv Indians ean observe, thev (h-scribed me seated in the 
 tree, holdiiiLr " somethinir white"' (the book) in my hands, and 
 often raisinir my eyes to make a survey (>f the neii^hUjrhood ; 
 then , d«'scendinij: to the riv«'r bank, takinij \\\\ horn-cup from 
 mvbelt, and, even while I drank «dancinLr ui) and <lown the river 
 and towanls the hill. Thev confessed that, had 1 knelt <lown 
 to ih'ink, they would have rushed uj>on me and drowned n»e in 
 the swift cuirent ; after thus noiselessly despatcliinix lue, they 
 wouhl have niassitcred the sleepini.'; inmates of my tent. How 
 often, without knowiuLr it, are we ]>i-ot«Hted fntin danir»'r by the 
 mercifid hand of our (^(kI ! Next nK>rnini: we were early '\n 
 motion, an«l were "^lad to observe that we ha<l outwitted tlie 
 Indians and outstripped their siirnal-tires. After this we travelled 
 more at leisure : we hunted alonir our advance, and in due time 
 reachtxl Franc<*s Lake. 
 
 For a few years after this we confined our opei*ations to 
 trailing, etc., Ix-tween Frances Lake and Pelly Hanks; but durincf 
 the summer we sent Iiuntin2:-}>arti»'s down the Pelly to collect 
 
442 
 
 FIFIH /UfoK ny fiKAUlXi: rh'ssoys. 
 
 pr<i\isioiis t'nr an: ••>t:il»lislmi«'iit«N ; .unl l»v tliis im-.-uis wr 
 (>l>tain»Ml iU'tiiratt iiit'<>i'm;ition r<'^|»«'rtinu tin- INlly lviN«'r, its 
 ri'SMin*<'«'>. iii<li;in fril> •>. rto. 
 
 Ill till' wim«'!- ..t ISiT >', \v«' Imilt Ixmts ;U l*»ll\ liaiiks, and, 
 sriulini: otl" nin- ittiii-iis tn Knit Siniji^oii, wt- Irt't IN'lly l>ank> 
 j'arlv ill . I line l>r^. to ••NtaMisli a jutNt at tin- forks nt" Prlly ami 
 lit'Nvis Ilivf'iN wliitli \\a^ i aiii»'<| Kort Srlkirk. Kn< r ^im-f tln» 
 (liso)v<'!-y <»t tlw Pt'lly Kivrr in ISJO, \ari<»iis (•niii«rtur«'N \v«'i-«' 
 'ha/ar«l«'«l as to Nvliat nvtf tht- Prlly was, and wlHir it rntcHMl 
 the sea. 
 
 Kort Vnkoii was. I think, «'stal»lis!;tMl in l^l«'. .t I^ir"*" from 
 INm'1 nixrr near tin* iiioiitli <>f lli*- Macki'i'/i.'. Kf<>ni tli«' tir--t 
 I «'\i>r»'>.st'(| iii\ lifli.'f. ni wliiili lianlU anv <»n»* cniHMirrfl. that 
 tlu' Pt'lly and th«' \"uk<>n \n ••?•.• id«'nti«'al. In 1>^."»(I. lia\ int: "»1>- 
 taiiM'd Sii' ( It nri:*' Siiin>st»n > |>rnniN>jnii. I rxplorrd tlu* h»w«'r 
 rivfi", and !'V rtatliini; K->rt Viikun I [Toved liw fornftiu'ss of 
 my roll jfct uPf's. t 
 
 From Koit N'uk«»n I dir«'itrd my I'oat and party uj'wards 
 into thr P 'rtuiiiiir IIi\tr. I \sa> aceompanird 1>\ Mr. Murray, 
 \vho was fomiii'j out with tlir returns, and whoM' dutv it was 
 to l>«'ar bark with him th»' N'likon outfit fn>m La Pirrn'> Houst* 
 at th«' head <»f th«' Porcupine Hi\er. tnwlLicli point .supplies 
 Were transported n\<r the mountains in winter l«\ doi; sleiirhs 
 from Peel Pi\er. La Pierre > Hou>r tluly l-eathed, We left 
 our l»oat there .and walked o\ er the mountam.s to I*eel liivrr, 
 alxiut ninety miles; theno- hy l»oat ue ascended the ^Llekenzie 
 Hivei- to port Simp><»n. I thus performed a liii-uit of .sevenil 
 thousand miles fiMiii my point of <lej»arrare on tiie Liard River. 
 ''Jreat a.stonislmieiit was felt hy all mv friends and ai-<juaintaiu-es 
 when thev ^aw nie reach Koi't Simjtson Lv i'lmiimi ///> fh' Min- 
 k' ii\tr /in>r instead of desceniliiii: the Liard. i>>v no one eiit«'i'- 
 taiiied u>uspiei<»n that t!ie PiUy |{i\er had an\ <-onne((ion with 
 the ^'ukon. or til;: the Pelly w.is linked with the porcupine, 
 peel, and .NLiekeij, If Pi\crs. 'riienccfnrw aid. this new route, 
 
 s<> unexpeetediv foUlid oUt. \\;in made the hii:h\\,iV for the 
 
 transpoi't of outfits, and result <»f trade to the IN-lly ami all 
 intermediate posts. 
 
 When I \isite<| Knudand in I >.">:>. this \ast strei<']i of countrv, 
 
 * 'i'hi' "'"'iritial f->it \\;i>l'iiilt ill 1S47. Tlii^ hii\iny- U't-n ii!nl»'rniitit'<l l)y 
 till' n\t!-. •\:i> rcplacfd :ii ls<'.7 liy ;i \u\\ ti>it a iiiiK' ta»'t!iti- iji-w a. h'liitin-. 
 + 111 this cxii].. ration Mr. (.'aiijj>U-il mu-t have d»->ffu<le.i the river twelve 
 
FIFTIf luinh' i>l' /;a; l/'/.V'/ Lh'ssdXS. 
 
 \\:i 
 
 * 
 
 - imtil tlirii a i)]aiik on ilic iii!i|). aixi initrM<]<l«Mi an«] iiiikiinwn 
 nt" white iiK'ii,— AVrt.s, uihI't jii\ < Ii irtt i< »i i, (Mn'.Ttlv ( l«'l iiu*r.t«'«l 
 on liiN map <»t' NmimIi Aimii.a l»y tin- latr .). AjTnwNinif Ik jIh* 
 HimIncii r.jtv ( 'oiii|»aiiy s li\ ili-o'jnijtliir . ainl lirnrr it lia|»|»»iis 
 that many nt' tln'«-r ri\«'!-s an<l jtla^••"^ <>t" note air namrd utl« r 
 my tVn'iitis nv at'trr tlir ri\r]s in niv nati\»' <,'l»'n>. 
 
 'I'll*' I'v'-lly ['N'likonj is a maLMiitiitnt fix*!*. in<TO!i<.in<^' in ^\/.o 
 l»y t)n' many atHumts that sw.ll it> tith-, It -w ••.•|)«, in a ir*'n' !•'. 
 s«rp«'nt iiif rM\n>« . fouml th«" >|mrs nt th*- "lonhh- mountain iani:r 
 that i;r>iri-ally >kirts .•ar)i siih- of the \,ill«y. 
 
 At a <listan«'f «tf >onif t"]'tv ti\f milt-- tVom Kort Yukon, tin- 
 mountain^ rrcrdo, thf i'i\<'i- \\i»|rns ami top mih-s wanth'i-s 
 jiinonu roiinth'ss islan«ls. Of" these twin fiinjLTrs tli»' mor»' dis- 
 tant is miicli the lot'tirr. Many ot' its summits ar*- i|(»tt»«l with 
 w?"faths (>t' snow, wliih* nthri-s wear a |H'r|M'tual numtl*' of whirr. 
 ^lany of the l*rlly'> atHumts an- larur streams rsju'cially thr 
 ]\l".Mil]an. Lewis, White, ami Strwart Hivers. Four kinds of 
 salmon ascend thr Ti\rr in i^yrni niim)»ers in their >ras<in : and 
 then comes a Im.sy har\ est-tiine f<»r tlir hidians, w I lo ascend tie 
 ill lari,^^ camps aloni; tlie rivrr. and arr most r\p«-rt in thr use 
 of tlie spear, liiu^fe numhers of salmon an* killed, sitme for 
 ))resrnt Use, ati*! sonir for winter usr. Salmon ha\r l»ren seou 
 and killed al>ove I'rlly Uanks. which is more than iwo thousand 
 miles froui tlie sra. Stramrrs fiMin iIh- Pacitir lia\r alrrady 
 ascrndrd to l-'oit Yukon (twehr hundrrd milrs) ; and <lurinLr 
 the frrshet tlirycan ascrnd nioi*- than tw»'l\r hundrrd mdrs 
 furthr?- (to Honlrs l{a]>id). Thr lakrv all o\ rr thr country 
 ; ''ound in r\f«'llrnt white ti-h. 
 
 Thr fauna of tin- c(aintry is rathrr ahundant and Narird. It 
 includrs niM.tvr and rriudr^T : l»rars. Itlack and L.niz/.ly ; \V(.]\es. 
 woKrrinr-: i-ai^. hai*e> ; the fox, Ivnx, l'ra\ri-, nntik. and 
 martrn. I niw thr l>onrs. hrail, and horns of )iutl;dor> ; hct 
 this animal ha<l l»ecomr rxtinct l>eforr our ^isit. a> had also 
 sunir ^prri«'N nf rlepliaiits, w'liosr reuuiius w rfr srrn ill \arious 
 swamps. I foiwanh'd an elepliants tluLfh l>onr to the i>ritish 
 
 Musrum, whrl-r it Uiav still he Srrii. 
 
 'V\u' vri^i-tation of tlie country is rich and sarird. 1 for 
 warfh'tl sr\rral rxamphs of the tioi-a to the latr Sir William J. 
 Hooker, hirectorof tin* Kew ( Jardens. I also sent him sjM-ri 
 mrns of all thr j-orks from Yukon to Prlly iJanks. Theclimatr 
 is iiif »rr pleasant and urnial than in the sjime latitude uu tlio 
 cast .side of tht* inouiitaius. 
 
' * V *.— , 
 
 ■Oi 
 
 • »1 
 
 • "'■' "ih 
 
 mmm 
 
 mmmmmmmmimimmm. 
 
 
 1 
 
 «tf»i'-'-!- 1^: 
 
 'h^i 
 
 . 4<^'i'; 
 
 ;<«*kf 
 
 1?^ 
 
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