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[From tht Trantartions of the Nova Scotian InntiliUe of Science, Halifax, X. S., 
 
 Her. 2, Vol. /.] 
 
 v.— N<iTEs ON Recent Sedimf.ntary Formations on the 
 Bay of Fundy Coast. — By R W. Ells, LL D., 
 F. R. S. C&c. 
 
 (Read May 14th, 1894.) 
 
 Ever since the cotnmeneement of the study of the rock 
 formations in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, nearly sixty 
 years a^o, the red sandstones and associated trap rocks, more 
 especially seen along the south side of the Bay of Fundy, have 
 been regarded as the newest member of the geological scale, 
 and presumably of Triassic age. Along the north shore of the 
 Bay, in New Brunswick, small isolated areas of similar rocks 
 occur at several places, but the red cliffs of Cape Blomidon, and 
 the several points in eastern Kings County which project into 
 the waters of the Basin of Mina.s may be taken as typical of 
 the sedimentary portion of this formation for this area. 
 
 On the north side of the Basin scattered outliers of Triassic 
 sandstone also appear from Partridge Island eastward. As we 
 approach the upper part of Cobequid Bay these become more 
 extended and form a band along the north shore of several miles 
 in breadth which extends from tho head of the Bay along the 
 valley of the Salmon River for some distance east of Truro. 
 The most prominent feature connected with this formation how- 
 ever is the great ridge of trappean rock, which, rising like a 
 wall, several hundred feet in height, cuts off the lovely valley of 
 the Cornwallis and Annapolis Rivers from the waters of the 
 Bay of Fundy. The <lel)ris of these trap rocks, when mingled 
 with the red loam of the valley, has produced a soil especially 
 favourabli! to the growth of apples and other fruits, and the 
 same peculiar soil is fomwl in the finest orchard centres of 
 the Province of Quebec, such as the district surrounding the 
 trappean mountains of Montreal, Abiotsford, St. Hilaire and 
 Rigaud, the soils of these localities from the destruction of 
 
 (4l(j) 
 
 1 5' 1091 
 
417 NOTES ON RECENT SEDIMENTARY FORMATIONS —ELLS 
 
 tlie trappean rocks beiii^ apparently very similar to those found 
 in the Annapolis Valley, and being al-o favou able to the 
 growth of fruit trees. 
 
 The extension of the trap ridge of Kings County to the 
 eastward i=i seen in a scattered group of islets known as Five 
 Islands, and Partridge Island, near Parrsboro, wliile to the west 
 the bold bluffs of Capes Sharp and d'Or, and further down the 
 Bay the cliffs of Isle Haut represent further outbursts of similar 
 igneous rocks along the northern margin of this area of distui'b- 
 ance and volcanic activity. 
 
 The relations of the volcanic rocks, generally known as Trap, 
 to the associated sandstone are well seen at several points, and 
 from the .study of the.se it would appear that the former is the 
 more recent. The intrusion of the volcanic into the .sedimontary 
 is clearly seen, and the sandy layers along the contact are not 
 oidy pushed upward on either si<le of the dykes, but the red 
 rock is metamorphosed to a certain extent, as seen in the discol- 
 oration of the l)eds and l»y their alteration to a more (juartzose 
 condition. In fact the whole range of the North Mountain is 
 practically only an inunense sheet or overflow of igneous I'ock 
 which has issued through a line of fissure, traversing both the 
 red Triassic beds and the undei-lying Carbonifei-ous strata, and 
 spreading out northward in the dii-ection of the waters of the 
 Bay of Fund}'. This trap ridge consists of a series of layers of 
 various kinds, in which are found heavy columiiiiv rocks, forming 
 pillars as regul.trly shaped as those of the (liant's Causeway. 
 These can bo well seen at various places along the north side of 
 the promontory between ("apes Blomidon and Split. Other 
 la^'ers are ashy and soft, others again i-eddish and felspathic or 
 amviidaloidal, and cei'tain beds contain masses of lieautiful 
 zeolites, amethysts ami agates, \\ hich have caused this belt of 
 rocks to lie celebrated far and wide among mineral collectors. 
 
 At sevei'al places along the Bay of Fundy shore of the N(>rth 
 Mountain, the ti-ap, which for the most part foi-ms an uidiroken 
 wall for seventy miles, is o\erlaid by newer sedimentary beds. 
 Proliably the most conspicuous deposits of these ai-e situated a 
 short distance west of Scot's Bay One of these is well seen in 
 
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NOTES ON RECENT SEDIMENTAHV FORMATIONS — ELLS, 418 
 
 ! found 
 to the 
 
 to the 
 Us Five 
 le west 
 wii the 
 si mil ill* 
 listu ib- 
 is Trap, 
 its, smd 
 ' is the 
 iipiitary 
 are not 
 the red 
 1 discol- 
 aartzose 
 ntain is 
 Dus rock 
 oth the 
 rata, and 
 s of the 
 hiyers of 
 , forming- 
 uiseway. 
 h side of 
 Other 
 lathie or 
 Iteuutiful 
 s I.elt of 
 I'ctors. 
 he North 
 iinhroken 
 tarv heds. 
 situated a 
 ^\ seen in 
 
 a small cove known locally as Ira Woodworth Bay, and from 
 some notes, taken at this place during a hurried trip along the 
 shore in 1876, the following points of interest may be stated for 
 tlie purpose of stimulating further investigation on the part of 
 those students more particularly interested in the study of the 
 geology of the district. 
 
 At this Bay the trap rock is very amygdaloidal, and a small 
 cove about forty rods across is hollowed out of the shore line. 
 The cliff here is <|uite low, the erosion having been very con - 
 sidenible, and the amygdaloid is overlaid by a green sandy 
 looking shale about four feet in thickness, having a dip to the 
 south east of about ten degrees. This is in turn overlaid by a 
 greyish sandy calcareous rock which is interstratified with 
 beds of nearly pure limestone. Certain bands of the series hold 
 concretionary masses, often of large size, of jasper and chert, 
 wh ch fri'(iuently contain beautiful crystals of amethyst. The 
 thickness of the calcareous beds exposed at this place is about 
 ten feet, and the whole is covered by soil. The purer calcareous 
 layers have been locally burned for lime and the stone is said to 
 have yielded an article of very fair quality. 
 
 Admitting then the Triassic age of the soft red san<lstone and 
 the more recent age of the trappean rocks which have broken 
 through these, it would follow from the superposition of the 
 beds just described upon the latter, that these limestones and 
 shales must be of still more recent date. No fossils have how- 
 ever yet l)oen found at this locality, prohably through lack of 
 search in this direction. It may be of interest to note in 
 connection with this that greyish calcareous sandstone and 
 impure limestone have been recently noted l)y Prof. Baile^^ in 
 association with the tnip[)ean rocks of ])igby neck. In these, 
 impressions of ))lant remains were clearly visible though the 
 species are as yet undetermined. S!u)uld these rocks prove on 
 examination to be similar to those of Ira Woodworth Rav, the 
 formation would appear to have been at one time quite widely 
 distributed. 
 
 The occurrence of these recent rocks is of very considerable 
 interest, geologically sjieaking, and from their proximity to the 
 
419 NOTES ON RECENT SEDIMENTARY FORMATIONS. — ELLS. 
 
 educational institutions at Wolfville they could be readily 
 examined by the scientific staff of that University. This would 
 be very desirable so that the presence of fossils, if such exist, 
 may be recorded and the age of the strata in question fulij'^ 
 determined, seeing that they represent, in so far as our present 
 knowledge extends, the highest group of stratified sedimentary 
 rocks in Eastern Canada. 
 
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