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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 2 3 5 6 NUCROCOFY RESOIUTION TEST CHART ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2, 1.25 llliU ii.6 == iiiiii A /APPLIE D INA ^GE Inc ^y '6=r3 fJ^' Mo -^ j'repf ^S Wocn^sle'. Ne* 'tJfK '4609 U'^A 'jr^ ;"'16) t8^ - 0300 - Phone SS I 7161 288 - 5989 - F-i- i)Epartmp:nt of the interior, Canada Hen, Kkank Olivkr, Minister; W. \V. CORT, D«puty Milliliter FORESTRY BR ANX'H— BULLETIN No. 12 R. H. Campbell, Superintendent of Foreitrj FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA 1909 PULP WOOD COMPILED BT H. R. MACMILLAN, B.S.A., M.F. OTTAWA C OVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1910 nEPARTMK.M' OF THE INTKRIOK, C'ANADX ll'.M. l'li,\NK Oi.ivKH, Aliiiixtir: W. W. (V.hy, I>«|,iity Mini-tHi- !• »KKSTUY KKANCII HIIIJ,KTIN N... IJ l( II. I'AmHUI. HM|„|i|,|^|,,|e.|,l .,f K..I.:,lrV FOREST PRODUCTS OF CANADA 1909 Vi* * •- 1»TJL1' \A OOU COMPILKn MY H. K. MACmilLLAN, B.S.A., M.K. OTTAWA n O V K K N M K N T P R I N T T N ily t«> wood iiiaiiufiu'lurucl into I i||p in CanMlian milli. Thia wood it ivU <>t' o givpii for piilpwood it the value at the mill. There ure iiIh>uI ten milla in Canada from which no reporta wen; received for 1900. Thti fifty mills reporting, ustMi in 190'.) *>22,t29cor(lM of wimnI. Thia is .tn increiiMu of 139,3r»2 (;orHH or 28-9 p»." cent over the pulpwoud consumption for 1908. PULPWOOl) CONKUMPl'lON BY PROVINCE.S. In Tablo 1 >iri) xliuwn the <|uantity, total value and average value per cord of pulpwood uaeM)d, and Tons of I'ulp produced, by Provincee, 1908 and 1909. 1906. 190G , I'UOVIHCI. Uordi of Wood Uaed. Value. Average Value drad. Tons of Pulp Produced' Corda of Wood Uaed Value, Average Value doid. TulM ..f Pulp Produced ' < t Cuiuula 482,777 2,931,653 607 306,738 622,129 3,464,080 5 67 5 83 445. 4tM l^K-ljei- 3S6,M3 1,466,621 5 73 201,460 319,936 1,8«6,7"«' 238, 2HH Ontario 164,714 1,119,712 7-2S 106,124 187,362 1,070,740 5 .2 181,491 New Bniii^M ick 64,008 266,924 4-94 36.711 88,460 414,689 4 69 49,9ai Nova Sooti.» 18,062 79,466 489 16,794 25,076 101,946 4 07 2S,99« British Cohiiiibia (') 1,316 10,006 1 '** M4 ' Approximate. ' No pulp waa manufactured in British Columbia prior to 1909. Because of its extensive spruce forests, abundant water powers and plentiful supply of labour, Quebec is responsible for over one-half of the total pulpwood consumption of Canada Quebec mills used 53 per cent of the pulpwood manufactured in Canada in 1908, and 51-4 per cent of tho total in 1909. The percentages used in the other provincee were for 1908 and 1909, respectivoly ; Ontario, 324 and HOI ; New Brans wick, 11-2 and 14-2 ; Nova Scotia, 34 and 4 1. British Columbia manufactured pulp for the first time in 1909, and used then only two-tenths of one per cent of the total amount of pulpwood consumed in Canada. The mills in British Columbia have not yet been running on fall time, I he ,ivera«„ f,.r ( .„„.. U w«h #.J.07 |«.. , .,rd in 1!I0M un.l if:,.r,7 i,. I'J(,!» TI.e W nZ, w,«.-onsu,n.;d..)nU,... uuj .^...U•.■. the av,.ra«o pri.e v«ri,.,l m y ..ntH ^ t . 11 the w.HKl U.,n« chrn,,^,- by that am.nn.l in Ontario'lhan in .Quebec. '^ ' FUU'WOOI) CONSUMPTION HV SFKCIKS. CuZT"^"'"^' •''""'^^'"""* '•"''""»• f"^"''''' 'Ja l-^r.-nt of ,1,.. „.HHl U....I f.M- ,. i„ •UbJ-r ''"""'"^' "'"' '"'""' "'' """' "'"' ' ""•'■ "'""'^ "-•' •'"""« ''"''J i-* «iv-.. ... 'rA..i.K 1'. The (^.Hn<,i(> .,..1 \ ah... ..f r,.|,.«.«„| us.-.l, b.v Sih.!..., IVQ.- an.l I9U». KiihI 111 Woml. • jHrnntilv. I!HW Viilli { I'ut <*nt diHtrtbutkiii. TnUl Nlmitr HalHaiii I'-I.Inr . . Il.inlock. .. • 'uckpiiH-- . . , niiiii»iitii-4I,67ti 3fi!l,!tI5 !»,l(i2 im .S7 2 II !» « •iiiiUitity. oinlM. 5lti,IK«i 70.) iih r.HKi \iilii.. ;«, ltil.i»i<; :.',7'i;(,;tiM ti.l7,0«;"> :i,iB»i I'lT r 1!«W - .\i. j:Mk|.iii.. wiw rejiorfwl f,,r lIKifl. i ;''"'"','"'"' '» Hfiti-li Coliiiiiliin f„r . (•) l-""« than (.111! t.nt.i «f on.' jwr twit ■\|»iiim'iit il |Mir|)ci»<-i pu^r.00., .on...ptLnra„cf^^;:T^/^ - ;: ZTlo3^ '"f -HKli. poplar, hetnlck an.l j c^in" a eTnconSer'iblo pll'"'' \1 ""■ "^'""- ^•^'•^* "f these ; heu.Ioc-k wan useci in the s^KlTp ^e^Tn ole W "^ H^ ,' T* ""P"'"'""' -a in the experS4;rfLute:rXTfnl.r '^.rrr:"^ '^■''- - A Hmnll .,u«ntity of .l.»U and miw,„i|| w„sU. w, „m.l for puln i,, |!»o^ l.ul ,,,. lMJLrVVi ANI. PHOCtXSBS. H ttiv iiN«xl ill (liireront |.i-.HeMeM in ohcIi firoviuci! The uxleiit tn which -lifterpr ' wmul ix Hhowii ill Table .'i Tami.k 3. (,}ii«i,ti(v..f Pill' HHi use.1 ii. C.i'.rt.l.i, l!»oy, (• PriicfWieN. o. Ontario.. Nova Scotia New BrunHwick. . Canada, Ontario. < ^ipIkh; New BrtinHwick. . , ISritiHh Columbia.. I Con tiUf'wC IIUMU Ontario im'm Npw Bninxwick ! ua'iS NovaScotia | S'S" BritisI, CoIumLia '.'..'.'.'.'.'.'. \{l) \,aw Canada. (iiii'lHH; Sfpw iSniiiHwick. , < >ntario Hritisli Coliimliia. Cord*. b!8,(ni) 23.335 (1) i.awi Cordii. 1)J0,0I« j 81,661 I 11,791 2,lP0l) l,«i:>3 MKOHANTCAL PHOCl-SS. 371 ZJT, ..1 !l8,;!!t| 26,l)7li 1fl.74.'5 299,t»77 ltW,897 !M,1*) n,7« 81,401 73,454 I , 4,2!M !.. 1,653 j 2,00») 1 . . .■^ITLPHATB rKOCKSS. 2:11,422 S7,86K T7,W>!I ti4,7a"> 1,20U 23,462 64,705 i,;i> 10,141 4.'»25 4.000 1,100 116 7,225 I. 3.228 |.' 4.00)) 2,100 1,000 iim (1) 116 cri(!-thirtl (.il-'I per cent) of tlie wood used, and tlie retuaindor (2 p«'r cent) waH inaniifacturod liy tho soda pr.x-ess. Spruce was the chief wood use per cent) was manufactured into sulphite pulp, and the remainder (1") per cent) was manufactured by the soda process. iWscini was used in the mechanical and sulphite processes tmly, and found greiitest favour in the mechanical process ; over four-tifths (fer cent) of the balsam was used in the mechanical process. Poplar is not adapted for manufacture by the mechanical or grindinj^ process ; (98 3 per cent) of the ]M)plar used was manufactureensivc, may be successfully used with more varieties of wood than the other processes. The small <|uantities of hendock used was manuf.ictured into soda pulp. Mkchanicai, Pko«:k8k. The mauufaclurc of pulp liy the mechanical process rpi|uires itreat waU-r jMiwer and a long fibred wood. <^uel)ec, of all the Canadian provinces, best fulfils these conditions with its many waterfalls and extensive forests of s])ruce and balsam. Almost two- thirds (62 ■ 7 per cent) of the wood used in the mechanical process is manufactured in Quebec ; one-quarter (25 ■ 9 per cent) is manufactured in Ontario, 6 . 2 per cent of the mechanical pulp is manufactured in Nova Scotia and 5 • 2 per cent in New Brunswick. Spruce furnished 79 "3 per cent of the wood user cent. The average pulp produi^tion per conl of wood useical Sulphitf .Soda Wood VxeA ' AfKregatf . . (Jon!». Agdregate Oiwt. A VPra(?f •• S|»rufe Total (Jordc no 445,408! :i2r.,G0!» )U,!t2ti 4,«7:v «», 404.08000, 1 I* ft :>'■ 2fi 23M,2Ho1iiinliia. Ill i;w.4»i S4.2K*> 17,"&-. 4HI Totol Average. . . . Mechanical . Siiluliiti- . . . , f'ost. Soda ■f'^pls Halsani— Total . CordH. Total ('out. Average t Mechanical Conln. Siilphitf .Splar— Total Cords. Total Cost. Average •■ Mechanical Conl.'t. Sulphite Soda .. Hemlock- Total .Cords. Total C«»t. Average m Mechanical Cords. Sulphite M So«i,7i)i,o:)o *2,7!W,318*00 * 5 41 2'.W,077 2tl9,72H 7,22.". III0,*K)5| « (i:i7,0<>6 0«l * (i 2li 81,4011 lS,t>!M 2:*t,6«4 ,29:»,74« >*> .-) tn i(a,8i>7 (W,462 .•t.22.'. . . . . 74,401! .:/s,:v»i on 01,100 SO,»il 6,188 $ aa,\3r>mt it n 81 88 3,0011 2,100 700 i 3,l."i0 K) « 4 51 700 110 406 00 3 50 H4,tK>l ."►4(;,794. 11,1971 11,701 71,.V24 00 1)7 4,2!M, 7,497! 40,!KtI 18,751 20,240 2,0110 88,450 414,08!) 00 4 00 86,4.'iO 4O2,08!t 00 4 (iO 17.7451 04,706 . 4,tl00l . 2,ooo; I2,IIOO 00! 00 2,INI0> 23,090 23,990 28,070 101,!»45 0)1 4 07 23,:«5 01,940 00 4 07 2:i,:wi 1,0.W . 0,745 tMt . 4 08 1,053 4,000 23,n0f. 00 6 75 1,100. 0,875 00! . 25! . 88 200 (1 imlp ami [iiilpw 1 lias i-oiisistt'd I'litiri'ly of fxiH.ils. Hiifoiliimitvly (lio l<-n.l.'niy Ims U-.-ii to ex|«ii w.mkI in (lie raw f..nii of pulp w.xxl ratli.M- tl.an in tlu- .naniifactuivd fi.rni ..f w(km1 pulp. Tli.- .laU in tJie following Uililes refer t.> thi- lali-n.iar years and have hwn furnished hy the Department of Irade and t Commerce. 'I'mii.k r, —Quantity and S'alue of Wmid Pulp Kxported, with chief Countries rini«.rt ing, 190Hand 1909. I 1!HI8. Kiiiil nf I'lilp :iiiil ('iiimtiii •< til wliicli ' K\|iiirttil. VMf.K l^ii:intit..v. \:iliii'. I'.iiiiil l^iKinlity. ViiUu: ! Tims. •■* \v.».ii iiuip .-viKirtiii asKi'Kati' ' -sM.xtt:' >,»:u.•■l•^x^ ■I'l.lal i.i«.liai.i.".l |Mil|. 1!H'. 1 IS f ['•A;;«; rolalcliPinical imlp '"i"'*' l,'t..l'- .M.Tliaiiiiiil I'lilii - . . _ ... Ti. iiiiit.^1 stiit.s n;(,i..'.ij i,ii'.i<,i:>-> Ti. Uiiitfd KiiiKdom 7.V>« iitliir timntritMi UKXM lii'.'.Ki)4 Chiiiiical Pulp - I .1 Ti. irnit.-d State. :!2,3aii l,|--.422; To Uiiitwl King-doiii 7,519j Xo. -12| To ctlier countries' »42j 3(.,'.l.* KM) -:( :i ir, 7 .-.7l! :«7 7 5 -J 7'.tr. Toll-.. 2^l.7rl 7N,M0 ■.).IH>I 37,:t»! I,IH'.I I'l r r.iil 4,,S!tS,,S42 :!,:t7s<,22r. i,r.LHi,r.i7: 2,t82,221, 8or.,r.i".i !to,48r.| l,4.')»,31ti 42,007 19,270 1ort;ime, us slio«u l.y ex|Kiits for Hscal yeiirs 1!«»K 0!l, rrance. r.el(finni, Mexii'o, .fa|«iii. (Jliina, .Argentine mid Ciiliii. Accord ing to this alxiut G3 per cent of the pulp produced in Canada is exixirt*-!!. The proportion of mechanical pulp exportcxl is comparatively large ; .SGl per cent of the pulp exported in 1909 was mechanical pulp, whereas only 731 per cent of the pulp inanufacturixl in Canada wn« mechanically prepared. The average value per Um of the pulp exported in 19(»9 was .?13.!»7 for the me- chanical and «38.99 for chemical pulp. The average price for all the pulpwood exported was $17.45 per ton. The prices paid to Canadian exporters liy the different imjMirtina; countries were per ton, for chemical pulp, United Kingdom $40.04 ; Unite25: 0-36i 'Kx|Kirt«l inrawstatf I 805,409 4,898,825 OfiSj Cords. - .2 has gone to I'nited .States, It is noticeable that more wood is exported than is manufactured at home. The figures for the quantity of wood domestically manufactured are more nearly correct for 1909 than those for 1908. In 1909 three-fifths of the pulpwood cut in Canada was shipped t<) the United Stabes for manufacture. The consideration received for this 915,633 cords of wood was !?-'>,752,659, or $6.28 per cord. This is an average value at the point of shipment of 7 1 cents per cord more than was paid by Canadian mills. Nearly all this wood went from Quebec ; the average price received was only 15 cents per cord more than was paid by Quebec mills. The WfH)d exported from Canada was manufactured into 340,615 tons of mechanical pulp and 287,514 ions of chemical pulp. Forest Products Bulletin No. 10 issued by the United States Census Bureau shows that on the average in the United Sates a cord of wood produces about one ton of mechanical pulp or one-half ton of chemical pulp, and that 'M'2 per cent of the wood imported is manufactured into mechanical pulp, 62-8 per cent, into ch"iuical pulp. As the United States imports much more pulp than it exports, it would necessarily have iiii(iorted this pulp from Canada had it not imported the wood. Exporting the wood to the United States brought in .?5,752,659. Exporting the pulp which that wood made would have Ijrought, at the average prices paid bj the United States importers in 1909, .r'l 6,7 19,4 18. If the manufacture were completed and the pulp made into p.iperin its final form before exporting the difference would be still greater. The pulpwood shipped from Canada in 1909 furnished 46 • 4 per cent of the raw ma- terial used by the 90 pulp mills of New York State, 10 3 per cent of the raw materini manu- factured in the 62 ]>ulp mills of New England, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont, and 6- 1 per cent of the raw material used by the 16 pulp mills of Penn- sylvania. A larger quantity of pulpwood was exported in 1909 than in 1908. The manufacture of the 915,633 cords of wood exported in 1909 kept running at full capacity for the year 69 of the L'51 pulp mills in the United States. If this pulp- wood had been reduced to pulp in Canada, it would have supplied for the y«>nr ','3 pulp mills of the average size of those already in Canada. The greater part of the j. .Ipwood exported was cut in Quebec ; if it had been manufactured in Quebec it would have kept running 71 mills of the same size as those now existing in Quebec. 2 iiiiriiiiTiui^ ' 3 3286 08J9 ■^ a.<§s^$«r9e«^^i^>i!»i^«(