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-{Sii!i;i\t lo re-'isioii).

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(!'«u;uUiin *orifty of i^ml tfufliufos.

F.STAHLISIIKI) 1KK7.

Til be Ti'iid (III iUh oi- 2()th Oiluber.

CONSTKUCTION OK A GUAKD LOCK.
IJv L. N. lliiKAUME, M. Can. Sue. O.K.

The Wdik^ Ixiiii;- I'luricd mit at (!»■ Ilwui of Hapide I'liit, a dis-
taiifc 111' iiliditt time and u liall' mill's iiljdvo Mdirir^burj;, Onturio,
coTi>ist ill till' tiiiarj;<:iiuiiit id' a oliaiiiiiUvay, tliu construct ion of u new
lock, tile cipMvoi'sion of the old link into a su|i|ilywi,Mi-, and the buildin"
of a uuidi'-jiier at the nii|Mi- nitianee ol' the eanal.

I lie full 1 xtiiit of the seetion, now under contiuet, is 21*50 feet in
leii^tii, and tile total eost is estimate 1 at ab iiit a i|uarter of nuUiou of
dollars.

To nive in detail an aecount of tile different elasse.s of work woulil
prove soniewliat voliiniinoiis. and the seope of the present iiaiii-r will,
therefore, b.' coiitiiieil to a deseriplion of the eonstrnetion of tlie new
i;iiard-loi-k.

The looatioii of this stnntuie is ininiedialely north of tlm old loek,
tiie len;;lli of its walls is liti;! f ■et, the distam >■ between j^ate (|Uoins is
27(1 ti'ct. the width beiween side walls is 45 leet. and llie'r tiiieklies.seH at
the base are. in the elianiber 8 feet il ineiies, in the recesses 10 feet
recess buttresses l.'i feet iiiehes, and the counterforts are ;{ feet in
width by li feet in ien^tli. The height of walls is 2:5 feet, and tliu
level of the mitre sills is S feet below thine of the old lock.

The excavation of a lock-pit fias met with some unforseen difficul-
ties, causing delay and necesBitatinj; operations of varyinj^t liaracter.

For a depth of 7 feet, the niiitcrial bein;4 of ordinary formation,
|iloiij;hs and scrapers were used ; but in e.xcavatini; lower down, picks
and >hovels were resorted to, uud the progress of the work was thereby
materially inip.ilid. Helow the above mentioned depth, the material
met with ciisislcd of clay, jiravcl and boulders firmly cementei.
toLiclher, and an occasional puckct of i|uicksatid of no greater extent
than a few cubic yards. Tlie niutcri il when exposed to the wash of
water would loosen, so that portions of it could be pumpctl out; but
immediately after it became dry, it would assume the form of a rubber
clay which, when exposed to tlie sun. would become as hard as e\er.

I')x[ieriinciits were made by blasting it with dynumite, and jirovcd
nnsuccesslul exce])t in winter, when parts of it were frozen hard.

Tlie reipiirc.i .hptli of 25 feet Imviug nearly been attained, pump
lioleswere duL at each end. Two pumps were erected for tiie purpose
of kee]iing the lock-pit dry.

When the full width towards the south side was reached, fissures aud
leaks were discovered, proceeding from the tbiindation and chain wells
of the old luck, which lay south within a berme of Iti feet on top.
The leaks iiro'cd of sufficient magnitude to endanger the north wall of
the (Id lock Hid a change in the method of working iiad to be made.
It was 1(11111(1 necessary to extend the hick pit 10 feet further north,
and a dam was cre('ted throughout the whole cxteat, tc protect the
south bank of tfio pit.

Ill order to tiirm the dam. piles 2ti fijet long and 12 inches diameter,
with cast iron shoes weighing 27 pounds, were driven every 4 feet at
tlie foot 111' the Miiith slope. A special pile driver was constructed
tiir that purpose, with a hammer weighing 18(10 lbs. The pile driviiiii
extended iniT a moiitli. An average nnmlicr of about six piles per
day were driven, iind tiie luimlier of blows given to each pile often

averaged froin SO to i((5. With a fall of 15 to 20 feet, tlie first ))li

ve the ]iilc (i inidics to 1 limt. and at tlie last blow A an inch.

round timber w

raced together, throughout their wliole extent, by
aliiig jiicces, firmly lioltcd at the crossinii of each pile.

The piles were driven to a depth of alwut 12 feet, the remaining 14
feet standing above tiie i<iirtkcu. They were prevented from spreading
by iron Htrajw and rodn, in t\w following manner : —

Along the face of tht! north wall of the old loek, 18 inchen below the
top of the coping, holen 12 feet apart were drilled 1 tlHit deep. Flat
iron HtrapH Ifi feet long, 4 inches wide and A inch thick were necured
to th(! wall with 12 inch flix-tail bolts. .\l llic end of these Htrapn, a
set of three connecting riids of J iron were hooked through holes
punched so as tn retaiti the full strength of the strap. The end of the
rods passed through the head of a pile securing it by means- of an iron
nut and washer. On the inner face of the pilc-^. three rows of 4 inch
plank waling pieces were spiked and att'onhd ,i bearing to a double
row of 2 inch sheet piles driven, each plank breaking Joint over the
other. Inside the sheet piling, puddle was ranmied Jown to an
average height of 4 to C feet.

The dam 'oeing complete no more fears of leakage were anticipated,
the unwaterih..' of the loek-pit was resumed, and without further delay
the entire excavation if the pit was concluded.

The operations of biMlding the loek foundation w.'re then jiroceeded
with as follows ; —

Ist, iSix pile tri^nches from '! to 4 feet wide and 4^ feet deep were
excavatiid, one at each end of the loek-pit nO and 73 feet long res-
pectively, and two at each eml of the two mitre sill ]ilatforms 73 feet
long. In each of the trenches an anchor timber of pini' 12 inches
square was placed, endjedded in cement grouting 3 inch's thick. In
the end trenehes, the anchor timbL-rs atfirded a proper bearing for the
sheet piles, and in the trenches on either side of the mitre sill platforms
14 feet apart, 8 anelioi' screw belts ,5 leet king and !■?, inches diameter
were secured to the tindiers by means ui' a luMvy nuts and washers.
Pine sheet ))iles, 4 inch indiar and (i leet Imig, were ilriveii so as to bear
against the timbers, the tue of each pile being bevilled off (J inches,
aud embedded in cm.'nt innrtar.

The trenches were lilKcl to tln' to]i and chisdy jiaeked with cuncrete.
A space of 2 inches between the inner liic" of the piles and the trench
was tilled with cement grouting, thus n.aking the whole perfectly water-
tight.

2nd. Over the wlmle extent nf the liiek-|iit, a stratum nfoiinen'te !•
inches thick, and averagiii;; from o5 tu 7.'! feet wide, was earelully
packed diiwn tu a UTiiUnin Ivel.

3rd. Tw(i mitre sill platl'oniis 14 leet wide, made upuf pine timbers
12 inches si|uare I'nil 72 leet lung, and well juinted with a phiiie, su as
to makejdint.- water-tij;hl. were then laid. Ki.,'h cif the jilatloinis were
secured by live winught iron screws bolts lA in. diaToetei-. pa^-sini;
through horizdiitally. Butb ends of each nl'the three mi<hlle Imlts I ad
double nuts and washers, and linined eninieetioii «itli lieavy irun
shackles 12 inehes Ion:; and lA si|Mari'. They were seenred to the anchor
running through iheiindjis at ilie iMittuMi ef the trenches,

Kach platform was raised .^ufliciently tu admit thi' .-^preadiiii; ol' lliin
mortar over its berth.

Hydraulic jacks wire us. d in IdWirini; the plailienis whidi were
Weil beaten dnwii to their prnpir lied and liiarint; im sub sills 4 inehes
thick eUiLedded in mortar.

The joints throughout were euulked with two tlireinl.- iituakuin. and
the piles on each side of the platlnrms were si cored with 7 inch iron
spikes.

4tli. The reuiaiiiini: ]iart of the I'ounihiliim emisist'd iil' iL'iin'h
square pine timbers of lull length to reach .leniss tlie space nceupied
by the walls, laid on two rows of 4 ineb subsills under the seat of the
walls. The sidj-sills were endiedded in lA inch eem nt mor'ar :ind
the timbers placed crosswise on loji, (i inches a)iiirt. beinjv „|sii enjbecliled
in 1^ inch of mortar

The spaces between the timbers were eaiel'ully packed with con-
crete and a layer 1 inch thick ofcement mortar to level off. The top of
each timber was dubbed to a unil'oiin surface, so as to ens\ire a true
bearing for the ])laiiking.

At each end of the foumlation the shci't piles were secured to the
adjoining timbers with 7-inch spikes,

5th. The mitro sills were of white uak timber. I'ramid, morticed,
tenoned and dressed with a plane. The njain sills were 4'J feet long,
and 19 X 1(1 inehes sipiare. the mitre sills, main braces and side
braces were 19 inches square, and nf siieli leniith as tu currespond to an
angle of 27*^ 3(1' from the hall width of the luck. A check 3 inches

deup WII8 cut in tho lower cdj^es of the mitre Hills tii l«t in the plank-
ing.

Bi'fbrc jjuttinL' tlic .sIIIh tOjiL'tiicr. ii eliock .'{ iiiohcs di'cp by 19 inchoH
wide was cut into the |iliitfiirni, :inil a strip iii' canvas ^uturatod in
btiiliiif; (ar was plai-cd in llu' clu'ik wi fornud. Into this the mitre Hillit
Were tifilitlv cndHildiil. j\ll mortices, tenons and joints of the silln
were coated with w iiite ie il.

Kaeli sill and brace were connected and fastened with straps of iron
3A inches wide and § in. thick, let in flush and fastened with raj; boltjt
;JS inches !'in^' and H in. diameter.

titli. 'I'lie fliiorini; coiisistiiif; (d' 3 inch pine plank was then laid
over the wliole area of the fnnndiftion. Each Jilank was jointed with h
plane, a-id driven op with wedu'cs to watertight joints, every :{ feet in
width breaking joints at 4 feet, and spiked down with 7 inch spikes,
two at < aeh end of a plank and one at every crossinjr of timber.

The ubovi' iMincludes a full description of a perfectly uniform and
water-tight tonndatiuu.

The niasoniy of the lock was built of limestone in eoursys varying
from "Jit ins. to 15 inches.

The prinei])al cut face stones and gate quoins were of the best gray
linu'stone. The gate („• hollow .|Uoins were 5 ft. long and (J ft. deep.
The nosiMif the (pioins being rounded to a radius, starting at 13j^ ius.,
and grailuully decreasing upwards to a radius of G ins. ami the hollow
was dressed to a -adius of S ins.

The recess (|uoins 5 ft. jonL; and ti ft. dee|) were cut to an angle
formiui; a recess of.'! ft. !) in> in depth at the base, and decreasing up-
wards according to the batter ol' the ehanib.r wall which was 1 in 24.

The ehaiu-well sills averaging 7 ft. in length were cut on an inclina-
tion, suitable U> tln' angle rei|uircd to admit of the play of the chains for
the h)ck-gat*'S.

Ill buildini; the lock walls, the four hollow or gate tjuoins were lirst
located, and in each a eheek 2 feet long, lit ins. x 1!» ins., was cut to
receive the ends id' the njilre sills. The recess :|Uoius chain-well sills
and stop log grooves were then located. At each end of the k)ck
chamber walls, two .stop log grooves ] ft. wide, l.H ins. dcej) at the base,
were cut inlo the face and carried up pluud> making them at the top 4
ins. deeji. Both stop log uruoves were .'5 ft. ajiurt.

All the prineiiial liiee stones iniving been local jd, the backing wa.s
laid, allowinu anei|nal proportion to be built oti either side each day.

In rear of the walls, at every 12 feet, counterforts tj ft. long and 3 ft.
wide were built through"Ut the chamber up to i height of 18 ft.

Th.' recess abutnvjnts were 50 ft. long ai d G ft. from each end, a
ehainw.U of cut fa<H; stone 2 it. .s<|uare was formed to connect with
each inclined tunned below.

The i>osltiiin of the chamber, recess walls and counterforts being
.secured, wing walls on the north side and at upper end of the south .side
18 ft. long and cut to radius of 45 feet were then locato'd in their place.
The lower end (d'the south wall ii)ruiing almost a semicircle (d'a radius
of 17 ft. 1 lA ins. at the base, was completed at a later date on an ex-
tended foundation similar to that of lock chaudjer.

The lock walls comprised 18 courses, varying from 29 ins. to 15 ins.,
diminishing upwards. Ivuli course was successively built, and from the
licightof ISft., a frost batter at the rear was formed up to the top of the
coping, except around the chainwells, which were carried up plumb to
the coping.

All quoins were laid alternately h-iadersand stretchers, headers being
checked so as to bond one foot over the face stones of the recess.

Tbrounhout the walls, no face stone less than 3 feet was allowed, each
stone in every course Jjonding more than 1 foot over the subjacent stone
and headers being placed 11 feet ajiart from centre to centre. .^11
T.^rt'.c.il and liori/int i! joints we.v ,'„ in. thick.

The eopini;: of the ehainwells were cut ,semi-cireular to a C ft. radius,
and the man holes circular, 2 ius. in diameter.

The reinaiiiini; portion of the coping was 4 ft. wide on top, ita iuner
arris, next tho lock, being roun<led off to a radius of 3 inches,

A dowel 4 itiihes long and H in. diameter was insertc'd in i.'very
joint 15 inches back from tho inner face and 1 inch below the top lino.
A hole was drilled through the middle of each cope stone, nine inches
into the eouisc underneath, and 20 inches back from the iaeu, into wiiieli
a bolt of i inch diameter, 18 ins. long, was driven when hot, and the
space over and aiouiul it tilled witlijuelted sulphur mixed with sand.

The inortar uxed throughout the iiiuHoury nan made of the but
Canaflian ceiucut mixed with cl'-'i xliarppand, in the proportion of two
of sand and one of cement, except in the coping joints where the mixture
waa one of ^and and one of cement.

During thn progresd of the nmxuiiry, puddling in rear of the walls and
counterforls, 3-ft. deep, wan eiiriied up to u Leiglit ol 18-ft. A 2'incb
pine flooring was also laid, breaking joinlH both lengthwise and trant-
versally with the li in. flooring underneiith.

At eiich end of tiie north wing wall, a rock face wall of random
eoursed um-onry was built in the shape of a reverse eurve. The portion
coimecting the lock was a eonlinualiou of the eurve ot the wing wall
for a length of IH ft. 9 ins., and from thence a reverse eurve was carried
on for a li ngth of 8(! ft. 6 ins.

The iliicknes^s of the retaining wall at the 'mse was 8 ft. 9 ins., with
a lace batter starting at ^ in. and ending at 1^ in. to the foot. The
back of it was built plumb up to 18 ft. high, and fiom thence a frost
fialir was formed up to 23 ft. high, varying in width from 3 to 5 feet.
The top of the coping was 3 feel wide.

At the end of tlie above, a cros.s wall with ^teps )li ius. higli wns
built ( n an ineiinmiiiH curresponding to the adjoining ^lope of the bank
of the eliannel way. The thickness of the wall was 8 ft. !) ins. at the
liaM', wiiti a laee bat'er of U ins. to llie foot, and in rear a frost batter
was also carried up to the top of the step coping.

The fouudatiiins of both retaining and cross walls were built in a
manner similar to that of the loek, with the exception that the timbers
v^'re plaeed 1 toot apait.

KioiM ilie end of the South Ka.-^t seniicireidar wall, a rock face wall
of ranilum ciiursed nia>onry was al>o built to make eoniieetiou WJtli that
of the old lock. Its foundation was similar to that of the retaining walls.
It was biii:i in two portions, the lornier, l(i ft. long, stepping up li feet
above the Inek lijuiidation, and the latter portion, 4'J feet long, .stepping
up 2 ft., being on the same level of tlie old lock walls.

For tlie erection of tlie latter, a pile dam had pieviou-^ly been built.

At the iii'per end of tli.' South- West wing of new loek, a s;|uare luce
return wall wa-< carried up plumb to the .same height as lock walls. Its
thickness -It the base i.'' 9 It., and it has a frost batler similar to the
adjoinin'.' walls. Its length is :',\t feet. To enMire tin- ereelion of this
wall, a pile dam had also been budt

Kroui the end of thai uppT leturii wall will eoniniene. the abutment
of the piopii-ed supply weir.

'I'he i-onstiuetii)ii of the supply-weir, as well as that of the loek-iiates
and cro.^s dams, will foini a subjeet which it is iirdpnvcil to doer, In at
.>:0Uie future date.