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PETERBOROUGH: PRINTKO BY ROBERT ROMAINE, At iho office of !he '• Peterborough Hvvicw," Ast of its for the been tl: it, to a useful made t Pete INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. As the following Report was not written with the expectation of its being published, but intended simply as a memorandum for the inf( rmation and guidance of the Railway Board, it has been thought advisable, since that body has determined to publish it, to add by way of appendix some statistical facts and other useful matter to corroborate and sustain the statements I have made therein. GEORGE A. STEWART. Peterborough, February lOth, 1866. As in c( and( ed th natur may liavin magn REPORT. To the Chairman and Directors of the Port Hope, Linhsay and Beaverton RaUway Company. ^ GENTLEMEN,— In accordance with the instructions received fmm v Manaeing Director «' Tr. „, i , ^ceivea Jrom your "of the Chain of W , ! '"'^' '""'''^^ ^"^ examinations ^^r,a,» and e.pl„r.„„„, „f ,„„ „„„ ,, ,|,^ ^^^^^ ^._^^,^ ^^_^.; The nver Otonabco, before the art of man attempted to appro- priate its waters lo his own purposes, was a continuous succession of rapids, from the Little Lake, below the town of Peterborough to ake Katchewanook, immediately above the site of the present Village of Lakefield. In this space, a distance of ton miles, there was a rise of one hundred and forty-six feet,according to the surveys ?lt' i.^'""- ^^^'"^ ^"' '^' Canadian Government in the year 1SJ5. Ihe total rise at present from the surface of Little Lake to the surface of Katchewanook Lake is probably not far short of one hundred an.l fifty feet, in eonse,,uence of the few additional leet gained by the raising of the Lakelield dam. A large portion of the river has, however, of late years, been made use of for manufacturing purposes, and substantial dams built at such places as the railway communications facilitated the removal of the manufactured materials. For the first three miles north of Pelerborougl, the river has been taken complete possession of by the owners of ilie ma-nlfi- cent mills now occupying its banks, and resulted in the manu- facture and export of millions of feet of sawn lumber annually, The portion of the river above these mills is at present runnin- lo waste, and, with the exception of the Lakefield mills there has as yet been no attempt made to secure their va'luable mechanical powers. The total fall from Lakefield to the Nassau Mills IS probably not less than eighty feel, which, in a distance of about five miles, would admit of a dam being built at about every half mile on the course of the stream. To bring this enormous power info use it is necessary to extend the railway at present terminating at the Nassau mills northward to Lakefield. In describing the proposed route and the nature of the works considered necessary to render it navigable, I will in the first place give a general view of the route, and then refer more led to appro- •s succesyion sterborough, r tlie present miles, there )tlieisiirvejrs in the year Little Lake far short of ' additional >fears, been ntial dams ililated the river has le magnifi- the manu- p annually. nt running lills, there • valuable lie Nassau a distance t at about wng this e railway Lakefield. Ihe works I the first ifer more particularly to those parts requiring works of construction and expenditure of money. The river Otonaboe, above the dam at Lakefield, presents a stream about four hundred feet wide and averaging ten feet deep. This continues up to the Narrows, about one mile above the dam ; here the channel contracts to a width of about one hundred and fifty feet, and a depth of from four to five feet ; above tiiis tlie waters again expand into what is commonly known as Katche- wanook Lake. This lake extends nortiieastward a distance of about three miles, where it again contracts to a width of about three hundred feet and probably averages that width t!ie rest of the distance to Clear Lake, but expands and contracts at the several bays and points in its course. About a mile from the foot of Katch- cwanook Lake tliroe islands occur, dividing the width of the lake into four channels. The eastern and two centre channels are shallow and obstructed with (juantitics of boulders and large broken masses of the limestone rock forming the natural bottom of the river throughout. The western channel, however, is ample in all respects for the purposes of navigation, and, V' ;h the exception of the removal of a few loose boulders, will require no expenditure. This channel is not less than one hundred and fifty feet wide at the narrowest part. Several small islands occur in this lake, but, not interfering with :/ '; navigation, they are not worthy of particular notice. Half a mile above the head of Katchewanook Lake, at what is known as McDougall's Point, the river presents a channel of about two hundred feet in width, and a depth at low water of four and a half feet : this, however, can be deepened, if necessay, as the bottom is principally loose fragments and boulders. From this point to Young's a distance of about one and a half miles, the river is sufficient for all purposes of navigation. The waters of Clear Lake, in emptying down the Otonabee four fee. I he Messrs. Voung ,ook advantage of this state of nngs and .mproved upon it by .rooting a substantial ,1am thereby obtaming a head of about five feet, and a saw-mi of n.o erate pretensions supplies .he neighbourhood with lurn e At t us po.nt the Messrs. Voung have laid out a portion of the land. ,n.o vdlage lots, and the ereetion of a tavern, a store n post office, a ..hurch, and other buildings, makes it a p ce o some importance to the back settlers. A quarter of a n.ile above Youngs' Point we enter Clear Lake a beautifu sheet .>. water expanding gradually from a width of about .wo hundred feet at the mouth of the river to above a mile w.de at t e distance of about three and a half miles from ower end. At this place also it becomes thickly studded w;^, islands and assumes the expressive name of Stoney Lake. This Z'"? r7 -^ "'"''' ^""^^ "'"'"^ '^'^'^ ''--- f nine and a half miles. These islands are composed of .solid masses of granite, or more properly gneiss, situated as they are on the southern bord rs of thi Laurentian formation. The beauty of the scenery here has lonl :lr: d'T;''"''^"" "^"""^'•^' -^ ''-esemblance ,« 2 celebrated Thousand Islands scenery is very striking. Stoney Lake IS properly divided into two lakes by the contraftion of iti width at th... point commonly called Boshink, after passing which It expands again to a width of nearly Iwo miles ,tf shores are bold rocky, and irregular ; numerous bays, running lar inland and frequent points and peninsulas render ,L .sho^e! of this lake wild and picturesque in appearance. At the head of Stoney Lake we enter South Bay, a deen and secluded sheet of water admirably adapted for th'e' purposes of this navigation. It is situated nearly at the point of junction of 9 the four townships, Burleigh, Dammer, Belmont and Methuen ; and if not the eastern terminus of the proposed navigation, will at least be a very important station on it. Eastward and north- ward from this bay lies an extensive marsh, occupying a consid- erable portion of the country, and composed of a heavy growth of vegetable matter. This marsh on extending eastward contracts to a ravine of the width of about one hundred feet, and continues thus through to Long Lake, a distance of nearly one mile. Portions of this ravine bear a growth of small timber, principally black ash and elm ; but the greater part of its extent is perfectly clear and open. At three places in the course of this ravine are ridges of rock crossing its bed at right angles, and forming a sort of dam to the waters of Long Lake to Stoiiey Lake. These ridges or dams are composed of fragments of bioken rack, and no great difficulty is apparent in the rwrnoval of them. A cumplete survey was made of ihi.n ravine, and e line of levels ruu from Stoney to Long Lake, and such observations made as would enable rne to form an approximate estimate of the cost of opening it for navigation. The levels .^hew the surface of Long Lake to be eighr feet and half un inch higher than Stoney Lake ; and shew also thai at spring Hoods the waters of Long Lake flow into Stoney Lake, as the highest ridge or dam in the ravine is only four feat above the lev v"\ter surface of Long Lake. Long Lake, us ils name indicates, is a long, irregular sheet of w.iter extending in an easterly direction across the three last concessions of the township of Methuen, a distance of upwards of two miles. At the lower end of thiy lake a short river, extend- ing only a quarter of a mile to South Lake, serves as the chief outlet of Long Lake. It falls in its course from the latter exactly ten feet, and runs through a rugge.i valley and amongst the broken fragments of the high, towering, projecting rocks on either side. At about half way on the course of this river the North River forms a junotion with it and adds materially to the 2 10 To render the navigation practicable through Long aijd South Lakes , dam and lock will be necessary at Ihe eml'e ff t North River into South Lake, and a lock at the entrance of Z ravine into Long Lake. A quantity of loose rLk^ unber &e AviU require to be removed from the bed of th. u ' ' South and Long Lakes. The wTJron;. orinhe';^^^^^ very iittJe expenditure. A deposit of mud and vegetable matter m the upper end of South Lake will require excavation RESULTS ANTICIPATED. win tn'r^M.*"' '^" °P'"'"^ "P °^" '^'^^ '''^"^h of navigation na of tf °° " '°"°''^ ^' ^^'«^' ^"'^ particularly the noS rn part of the county of Peterborough, can be estimated be i^ those who have paid some attention to the progress that thifnl of the country has made for year, back. ^''^ The townships of Somwville, Verulam Fp««i„„ tj ae .ome .h,«y year, ago. The land, s,eJ..JyZtt o occupiers , but no advancement could be made ,n i h» f, f .u ™upe„b.ediffie„„ie„h.,be.e. .he™. Z^I^J^^^.'^ll: shkabogarnog and running inction below ctly on a line latter is long, !s, but at the ike their exit the township rthere, to the ?and South ranee of the •ance of the timber, &c., ver between of the North irposes with able matter ion. navigation lie northern ed best by at this part 1, Harvey, opened for sought for same their face of the fi, then an 11 insignificant village struggling into existence, offered no market for even the scanty supply of agricultural produce raised in the neighbouring townships, and the great gulf fixed between them and Lake Ontario (the only highway to market then), in the ehape of impassible roads between here and the front towns, completely damped their ardou/, and after experiencing all the difficulties and disappointments inseperable from such a state oi things these worthy pioneers abandoned their improvements and left their settlements in disgust. What could any country -^o under such circumstances ? Just as this country did : rema'. iationary till the obstables to its advancement were removed. Time at length worked out the remedy. Various railway and canal projects had been proposed and advocated ; but each in its turn was doomed to extinction. At last, about the year 1854, the Cobourg Railway was opened, and a year or two after followed the railway from Port Hope to Lindsay, and shortly after the branch from the latter road to Peterborough was brought into existence and Peterborough began to move.* Mills on a most magnificent scale began to appear on the hanks of the noble river that had run hitherto idly past her door. The produce of the soil and the forest began to find a ready market in the now rapidly rising county town, and afford food for the insatiable appetites of the two railways centred in her midst.f But the means of developing the resources of our county and the adjoining County of Victoria were not to end here. The Port Hope and Lindsay Railway, terminating directly on the vast chain of waters extending through our united counties, afforded the means of at once extending the communication into the very heart of the timber producing country ; and, as a natural consequence, mills on a scale surpassed by nothing on this continent were soon brought into existence on streams and rivers whose waters were little known or heard of save by the hunte; and Indian.^ •See Appendix, Note A. f See Appendix, Note B. t Sss Appaaqjx, Mots C. *2 13 Steamers of various dimensions were constracled to tow the scows adened with lumber from these mills to the terminus of the railway at Lindsay, and the numerous settlers with their r^dl '^^^.^'^^^^J^ finding their way every week into the now rapidly settling townships in the rear. The lumberman each autumn got his men and materials conveyed to within a short distance of their destination; andt the spring the produce of his winter's labours was towed, at a rTver oTtT'°? """'' '^'°^^^ '^'' ''^'^ °^ ^^^'' ^° *he entrance to nver or the terminus of the railway, in either case to find its way to Lake Ontario and thence to its final destination. The facilities for conveying lumber and other produce by this water communication were very great. Scows loaded 'with lumber at the very mills could be conveyed twenty-five or thirty miles and moored beside the railway cars at a cost below that of conveying the same amount of lumber by teams three or four miles on our best gravel roads.* These, then, are among some of the benefits our counties and the country generally have derived from opening up the railway and steamboat communications through our midst. But the«.e are not all. Immediately on the opening of our railways from he front it was discovered that a vast tract of valuable and lay ,o the north of us, and our old settlers began lo think that new homes and wider fields for the industry of their increasmg families might be obtained in those heretofore impreg- nable forests. The matter was brought before the Governmem and the immediate consequence was that surveyors and explorers were sent to examine, survey, and report on the capabilities of this hitherto neglected country. The result has been that millions of acres of land have been brought into the market, and thousands •See Appendix, Note D, 18 nnd of acres taken up by industrious and enterprising settlers all within the last six or eight years.* ' ' These facts are incontestable proof, that the vast proffress made by these back townships within the last few yeaT a logether ow.ng to the facilities for transport afforded hem by theirrd7 """^' '''' ^'^^'"'^^^ communications in.o The proposed Lakefield and North River navigation offers a precisely s.™,lar scheme .o that above mentioned, a'nd the be^ i, to the county of Peterborough and the country generally will be equally as great as the advantages they ha/e dread/re ev J h^ and the adjommg county of Victoria. This navigation wil and i , f .r'^r^'^'^ ^' ^'- "^'-^r d««« nortiuvestward re.i ' s" in ^ P ' '" '^"^"^'"^ ^"'"^ °^ ^'^ ^^est minora regions m the Provmce. Waterfalls now running their idle course wdl be brought into use. Vast tracts of thnber Ian now boundmg these waters and their tributaries will be no longer kft to the ravages of the fires that annually destroy them onir^rin' '^^"'"^ '"^ "^'"-' '-' ^- -^ ^"--»' ..- r I^'m'T^^ ^'"f^ °^ '"'^^^ ^°^"«'''P« ^« B«J"'on», Marmora Lake, Methuen, and others, has long been known to ou Provinc ul' fheaZt' ^"V^'^P^""^'' -'^''--ghthem had a t^c the auention of the world from the specimens sent ,o the London and Pans exhibitions. The marble found in the township o Be W has been examined and reported on by competent jug as of the finest quality. Lithographic stone, copper and ifon have been ound in these townships, and further exlratiZ mus doubtless result in the discovery of those valuable p^ tions in vast quantities. 1""mui. •See Appendix, Note E. 14 To open up this rich country is tlie direct object of the scheme ; and the practicability of it will not be doubted by any reasonable person who will take the trouble to examine the question atten- tively. I have prepared the accompanying plan, shewing the whole route from Peterborough to the eastern parts of the townships of Belmont and Methuen. The total distance from the former town to the lower end of South Lake being about thirty-five miles. The first portion, viz., from Peterborough to Lakefield, a distance of nine miles, will be by rail, the remaining twenty-four by water. THE COST. The w^orks then required may be enumerated as follows : Removing loose boulders at the foot of Katchewanook Lake. Removing boulders and loose fragments of rock between the island and the main land in the above lake. Removing boulders, &c., at McDougall's Point, Cleaning out channel and erecting stone lock at Young's Point. " Placing of buoys on sunken rocks, to mark the channel through Stoney Lake. Dredging out the marsh, removing rocks, and erecting wooden locks at the ravine extending from Stoney to Long Lake. The erection of a dam and wooden lock on the river running from Long to South Lake. And finally the dredging of the upper end of South Lake. On the supposition that a navigation sufficient to run scows or batteaux from the lower end of South Lake to Stoney Lake would be all that is required at prestnt, the works necessary would be o[ a character to render their cost small compared with that necessary for a steamer navigation throughout, which in that case would only extend from Lakefield to Stoney Lake. I have therefore formed my estimate on the supposition that a 15 steamer navigation will be required throughout, and then shewn the reduced estimate of the works necessary for conveying scows and batteaux from South to Stoney Lake. The materials lor these works can be procured at the lowest possible prices. Limestone of the finest quality for building purposes is found on the southeast shore of Clear Lake, within one mile of the works required at Young's, ttnd can be convoyed either in scows in summer or on the ice in winter at very low rates. Timber also, of the best quality and at lowest rates, can be procured anywhere on these waters with the greatest facility. On the accompanying plan is an enlarged diagram of Young's Point, shewing the present dam and situation of the proposed lock, as well as a section down the channel below the dam. All of which is respectfully submitted by your obedient servant, GEORGE A. STEWART, C. E., P. L. Surveyor. Peterborough, December 1 1th, 1865. ESTIMATE. Removing loose boulders at the foot of Katchewanook Lake. ^l.,. .^ Removing boulders and looJe Vmgm'enVs of rock between the island and main shore in the above lake .q ^,, Removing boulders, &c., at McDougall'i Point 10 00 $140 00 young's Point,-. Dredging out channeI,removing boul- ders and loose fragments of rock . . 120 00 Removing portion of the dam for the lock I, . 125 00 Removing materials and preparing foundation for lock ..r^ ,^ ^;^"f7f^ ::: i^o^ stone lock, chamber 120'x30'x5'. . I6OOO 00 Lribwork m guard pier above and p^'^^"'^^"' 46000 Pumping out coffer dams, &c ,6o OO 17205 00 Buoys to mark channels in Stoney Lake . 5^ ^^ Total expense of navigation to head of Stoney Lake. ~$mV^o KSTIMATF, Of cor*t. t)|' cxtciiiling llic niivigatioii easlwiird from Stony Ijake. Excavatiiii!; and dredging the marsli and drop ravine lo [.oiig f.akc, 35,200 yard^i at 10 cents ^3520 00 Jieniovini-- trees, grnljbing, &;c., 2 acres at $10 30 00 Removing roek.--, '3000 cubic yards at 50c. 1000 00 Excavation for Coundation of Jock and wing dams, 1800 yards at 10 cents.. ISO 00 ^Vooden loeks, gates, gearing, &c., coni- l)lcte, including wing dams 1200 00 8920 00 Clearing out timber, rocks, &c., from bed of river between Long and SoiUli Lakes; 250 00 I'rep.aring foundations lor locks and wing dams 200 00 \N'ooden look, gales, gearing, complete, including wing dams 4500 00 Widening and clearing out the channel al the upper end of South Lake 100 00 5050 00 Total $31365 90 If a wooden lock be built at Young's and the other two lock? be reduced to the dimensions necessary for scows or batteau navigation the estimate would be reduced by $13,700, leaving the total cost $17,665. GEORGE A. STEWART, C. E., P. L. Surveyor. Peterborough. December 1 1th, 1865. 3 in APPENDIX. ISOTE A. TABLE, .lowing the increase .n populuiion ol Va. u>^•os of l^pp.-r CnnaUu wl.icl. we.e incorporate,! in the ,oa! lyw. Names, js-.i inn r J't'icentage u .,, . increase. Biantlord.... ;3877 G914 3U37 78 Belleville.... 4569 G277 1708 Ti Brockvilie... 3240 41l'> —sriR n> Cornwall.... 1«4« 19,5 ^.g^, ^^ ^^^'^^rg 3871 4975 1104 2«' ri , . , "•^■^ -665 Decrease, ^^""'-''■'eli 1329 3227 1898 1^0 .- , • . Niagara 3340 2070 --L^o Dc ro ''''"''''' ^^'^' ^-'- 1569 2067 498 f^ " ^'"' Pent Hope... 2476 4,6. 1686 '^ Ll!^'""^ Feterboronglj. 2,9, 4972 '>78l i^jt i > ' • '" ■*' li'irnlinm. This shew.. Peterborough ranking second in .he Provinc. for progress, notwithstanding her inland position. l)V an Ol 19 NOTE B. I.uriibt'i shippod by the Cobourg and Peterboroufjh Railway in IliL- years 1855, 1856, and 1857. IS55 11,142,479. 185(5 15,946,158. 1S57 13,365,503. The qiiiinlily of lumber shipj)ed annually from Peterborough by ilu' Olonabee River, previous to the opening of the Cobourg Railway, was about three and a half millions of feet. ^'>■n.s ot 1819. NOTK C. C^uunlity of lumber and limber shipped at Port Hope, alto- gether the produce of the forests in the counties of Peterborough and Victoria : niiKie GSS lill i. and '. .'as gAsh- cc; for Sawed Lumber. Square Timber. iS59 1 5,9 13,9.50 II 4,500 IH60 15,12.5,121 1.03,350 I.SGI 0,338,891 305,383 1862 29,018,3.50 327,235 1863 34,500,372 400,191 1 8(i4 , 44,556,862 625,873 186 ) 46,381,053 644,642 'J'he average quantity of square timber passing down the Otonabee annutdly is about four millions of square feet, 3* 20 notf: 1). Cost of transoortiny Lnmbor, • By steamers on the back Inkos, 2 cenls per mile. Hy teams on good jy our extended means for lumberinr, niiniiig, &(:., and in bringing into use our at present invaluable water |)ower, the great extent ojL which is so well known. U'ith an earnest desire that this important work may be commenced at once, We remain yours very faithfully, STRICKLAND & S0\^. Peterborough, .January 3rd, 186(i. Geo. A. Stewart, Esq., Dkar Sir, — In answer to your favour of yesterday, with reference to the Lakefield and North River Navigation Scheme, id your inquiries as to the advantages that would result from 22 ihe coinpiletion of that undertaking, we have mucii pleasure in 1,'iving it as our opinion that the county in geneinl would be largely beneliited by it, and particularly the sawed lu.ribor an.! square limber interests, l)y facilitating the transmission of these iniporlani Maples K. rriarket, and in opening np and developing the very extensive water power in our rear, now unavailable for want of proper means of communication, and also in bringing into MiiirlaM lh.> minerals and valuable mnrble which exist in the vicinity of ilie hikes which would then be rendered navigable VVc would especially refer to the marble deposit of Belmont, situated on Lots 31 and 32 in I he fith Concession of that Town' Niiip, and now being opened, and at least thirty thousand tons of which could be shipped annually if your navigation scheme is carried into effect, which is very desirable, not only in the inter- ests of this county, but the country in general, as you must b- ■.ware that hitherto ..II the marble used in Canada has been imported from Ihe United States. No v.,.nder, then, t).,,( money is scarce in our country, when we go to another to purchase those productions which wc have at home, in quantity and qualitv equal with theirs, and with greater natural advantages for their development, and cheaper labour for their production. With om best wishes for the success of the enterprise, We remain yours very truly, STRICKLAND &: ROGERS. Peterborough, January 11th, ISGti. G. A. Stewart, Esq., Ill \o'y to your letter I beg to say that according to my experie..- r> . ^ wi/e y-?.:&, lumbering on these waters, the effect of openin:; ip . -.. - . agation from Lakefield, northward, would leasure in would be iTibnr iind n of tlu'sc icvulopii)!,' ailahlc for 1 hrinjijing xist in the iavi£,';il)li». Hrlmont, lal Town- k1 tons of clifrrif is llie inlcr- mu.st b'^ ha(» bepii It moiirv ia?c thosr :i quality for tlifir With our iFAlS. ISGti. g to my le effect , woultl 83 muloubtedly liave n slioiig tendency to bring tno water-power into use, and I'nijely incrensr thf trade and business of the surrounding 'ountry Tlie wufer-povver at Burleigh, now unused, and being one of thr best In the eounty, would be by the opening of this navigation biuught into u^u, and iiiill» would !)»• built upon it capable of uianufaeturing at leaat t\venl\ millions of Ifcl ..f bunbev annually. There are also nmuy streams HnUniug Stoney L;iiie uu the north shore, for instanet-, Eels' Cret-k, Jaek's Creek, bir.., possess- lug unlimited water-power, all of wliitth, wi'li one or two trilling lixceplions, is now running wastr ; wliorciis, \v;is it in use, it would bu (lapable of uianufaeturing twenty or thirty millions of fci't of lumber inuually, besides grist mills, &:l'. I urn, as you an- aware, t.unur ol ilu- sawmill at Lakefield and oeeupier of the one at Buekluiiii. The former is at present three-tpiarters of the time idle, owing to the didiiulty of getting the Imnber to market : whereas, if the Railway was extended to her, she woidd be eapable of inanafacluring at least ten millions of feet annually. In proof of the foregoing statement I instance the Buckhorn mill, which lias cut, for the la-,1 four years, five millions annually, and which lumber i;. diipped by way of Lindsay, owing to the mprovements of the navigation that wuy, when, in point of fact, had such improvetnenls not been made the mill would not have been built at all. In addition to the advantage to the saw mills, &c., there is an immense amount of material now going to waste, such as posts, small timber, railroad ties, cordwood, &c., which could then be brought out to market, and liius largely increase /^eri < \\ r ',( Yl IV IR Jl EXPLANATIONS Jtnconlhe wafers nu/Ka/csy/rfsr/t/. Jmti/uho// hue a'o. r/o. r/o /irnpnsvcl , llc(uhttSfoitci/J.,i/\V V ^'*<^ df\' RofK-(t\t/(nt -'» JFffttfinf/f/r Bn'riorfiortft [ s//rfs(rf/ ■ Jfh ((/((/ to// /tropofCf/ (to. (/(f fOnf(infiffif('(f . TABLE OF DISTANCES /'rfcrf/oro' fo Hr((/(/r/torfh ^; //V/^j. /.fihi'/'if/(/ ^ ^, Wftrsftw // „ Lfth'('/if/(/ fa Yotutffs //oiir/ i?' ,. Head (f. '