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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthoda. >y errata ed to mt ine pelure. agon A 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 [)ras; ' Kmn 1//'" ,,^""" aiii" $111* )\4\*St\t^\im ^y M. - - ' '-^-•-»|-^--'*- fc A« >Ai /CANADA E U t I I 1 H f ITTTTI " - ■^ft■»■■^^*■^*■-*■^*■■*■-*■^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ .^ ^ A ^ A A -«lc$-«- 18S3. miMimm: - - M. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A. ^ M ^-^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M. ^ ^ ^Mk" Vi..„.'-^ -^ sr^ „//"""^ '^yS- ,111 „..'-'-"' ON -H}C3|^<- ^^^^■pyp^^lp*^^^^^^^ ANITOBA .f^f^ ,^^*' r^^* ^^M^' M-*^' tb^b p*'^**'* 1^^***"' .^***'-'^'' AND THE ' ' .f**^' ,^>^*^* -^ PROVINCES OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. %^ THBOUaH TICKETIira by the ALLAN B07AL HAIL LIKE. .rf»»»>»^MWw'»w'»i»V»»»'WXM^ rf^^S^^»>«^iS»''> otter, the£ feath quail comn what certai in or< i PO THE Sportsman, tub Angler, and the Artist, Canada ofTerg a splendid field. Game and fish are abundant. Of wild animnla there are in the old Provinces, foxes, moose, cariboo, red deer, otter, mink, pine marten, sable, hares, raccoons, squirrels, etc., while in the Far West there are immense herds of buffaloes on the plains. Of feathered game there are woodcock, snipe, pigeons, plover, partridges, quail, geese, ducks, brant, curlew and prairie fowl. All game is common property; the sportsman is at liberty to shoot where he likes, what he likes, and when ho likes, with this exception, that during a certain time of the year it is illegal to take game. This is necessary in order to preserve it from total destruction. ON THB SOURIS QIVER, MANITOBA. ■m' u Qi D< S< LE . I«aW", NOTES OF A TOUR THROUGH THE PROVINCES OF Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba AND THE NORTH-W^EST TERRITORY OF THB DOMINION OF CANADA BY THOS. STEPHENSON, OP CECPTON, PICKEBINQ, YOEKSHIEB. SOUTHERN MANITOBA. J BT WM. M. POBBITT, OF BBIDLINQTON QUAY. » AGRICULTURE IN ONTARIO. LECTURE BYDR.MACGREGOR. ^/ ill' •-'tHJ^'^t^y-Sj-oi CROPS IN MANITOBA. AND LETTERS FROM SETTLERS." L.J NOTE.— The Canadian Dollar id eqndl to 48. 2d. English Sloney. HAVING taltcn my passaf^e in the Allan steamship Sardinian, J. E. Button, Commander, I went on board at Liverpool, on the 20th July last, in company with Mr. J. R. Birks, of York City, in whom, through all our journeyings, I found a pleasant and agreeable com- panion. Not having been on board an ocean-going steamer before, I was a little curious as to the accommodation, &c. ; and I would say here, that I was agreeably surprised at the provision made for the comfort of the passengers, whether in the saloon, intermediate, or steerage. As far as I could observe, ever-^'^hing possible is done to make the voyage across the ocean comfortable and af^reeable. The kindness and courtesy of Captain Button and the officers of the ship; the attention of tho stewards, both in the saloon and bedrooms, more especially if through sickness you are unable to go to the saloon table for your meals, when the steward will procure you anything you may fancy and bring it to your cabin ; tho cleanliness and order everywhere prevailing on board, and the care and skill shown in navigating these floating palaces, make a voyage in them very enjoyable. Few, however, escaped without suffering from sea-sickness to some extent, but it soon passed off, leaving us with better appetites than before, to do justice to the splendid meals which were placed before us, consisting of nearly every delicacy of the season. I had the opportunity during the voyage of looking through the intermediate and steerage departments, nnd of tasting the soup, bread, and beef served out to the steerage passengers, and was very much pleased with the manner in which the emigrants were treated. The food was good and wholesome, the apartments clean ; and well aired, and the wonder to me was that, with about one thousand steerage passengers aboard, the stewards managed to get them their meals with such order and precision ; everything was arranged and superintended by the officers of the ship, and carried out by the stewards with military precision. In conversing with the emigrants I found very i little fault-finding indeed ; and where there was fault found it was l table at home than he had found on board ship. With an ordinarilj^ i favourable passage there is no need for anyone to fear crossing the i Atlantic ; to me it was really enjoyable. The friendships I formed in ; going out and returning will never bo forgotten. I had equal comfort j in returning to England, in the steamer Sarmatian, belonging to tho I same company, and I have no hesitation in recommending those who I contemplate crossing the Atlantic to avail themselves of the Allan 1ine| of steamers ; they will be taken at a reasonable charge across the sea, t and get excellent accommodation, and as the Company is under | contract with the Canadian Government for conveyance of the mails, | the steamers start punctually on their appoirtsd dates, a matter of nci small consideration to passengers. As the sea route has been so often described, I will only say that wd arrived safely at Quebec about seven o'clock on Saturday night, and; after getting out our luggage, stayed there over the Sabbath. Mondaj morning, Juiy 31st, started for Ottawa, by the Occidental Railway, Montreal, 190 miles. Passed through a poorly cultivated district inhabited principally by French Canadians. The land appeared to be< of poor quality ; bat in running through it by railway one does not ge a correct idea of the oonntry, for generally speaking the rails rui 7ery often through the worst parts of the country. I found afberwardi viM was II and V intere letten repoH §oldy I had tny fi and t) this : testin they go ba And reoei\ Govei acion Mr ; eamship Sardinian^ at Liverpool, on the York City, in whom, and agreeable com- ag steamer before, I ind I would say here, le for the comfort of or steerage. As far ike the voyage across ess and courtesy of he attention of the specially if through or your meals, when ; fancy and bring it to prevailing on board, jse floating palaces, !ver, escaped without . it soon passed off, ; ) do justice to the i iting of nearly every • uring the voyage of lepartments, nnd of steerage passengers, i which the emigrants \ the apartments clean < ti about one thousand ?d to get them their | 5 was arranged and I \ out by the stewards j nigrants I found very | fault fDund it was I e, had left a worse | With an ordinarily! to fear crossing thef jndships I formed in I had equal comfort an, belonging to the amending those who Ives of the Allan line iharge across the sea, Company is under veyance of the mails, dates, a matter of nc will only say that w(3 Saturday night, and| le Sabbath. Mondaj] ;cidental Bailway, iw y cultivated district, land appeared to be^ Iway one does not ge peaking the rails ruij . I found afterwards ihafc a few m'^es from the railway the land was of a much better quality, and better farmed ; I found this to be the case also in the North- West Territory, the land fifteen or twenty miles from the railway track waa better v'vooded and more desirable for farming. After reaching Hurdieberg the land begins to improve — better modes of cultivation are seen. The growing crops are principally oats, barley, and peas; the latter seemed to be the most abundant crop of any. Changed trains at Montreal, and started on our way to Ottawa, a distance of 160 miles. The land just outside Montreal is mostly settled, but, as the French Canadian element largely prevails there, the land is poorly cultivated. These French people, on the whole, make but poor farmers — too idle or indifferent to gather the stones off the laud. These people can live so cheaply on their own land it makes them indifferent as to the future. When neariug Ottawa we passed through a large tract of forest, the trees being regular giants of the forest, principally maple, ash, and pine. Here and there we saw a shanty which a hardy settler had erected, and was attacking the woods with axe and fire. The great bulk of the lumber which comes down the river St. Lawrence to Quebec comes down the Ottawa River. Ottawa is splendidly situated, the streets are well laid out, the buildings good, especially the new block of Parliament Houses, which is a beautiful sight; such a block of buildings it has never been my lot to see before. There is a fine Public Library in connection with the buildings, and in the midst I was pleased to see a statue of our own beloved Qaeen. There are large saw mills, driven by water power, cutting up immense quantities of lumber, which go to bui ' the towns and cities of the Far West. In our rambles in the garde^ s ^^ the Parliament Houses we came across a section of a fir tree ci jm a tree grown in British Columbia: it waa oyer eight feet i imeter, its height 300 feet; its age, computed by counting the nng.> ^hown in cutting, 566 years, so that it would be 188 years old when Columbus discovered America. Having letters of introduction to Mr. Lowe and Mr. Small, of the Department of Agriculture, we sought an interview with the latter, when we found that Mr. Lowe had just started for the North- West Territory ; however, as the Hon. J. H. Pope, Minister of Agriculture, was in attendance at the office, Mr. Small kindly introduced us to him, and we had a lengthened interview. I was muoh pleased with the interest he took in the object we had in view when he found, by our letters of introduction, that our object was solely to see the country and report on its adaptability as a field for emigration. Ab I had come out aoUly on my own responsibility, and having to pay my own passage, I had provided myself with a memorial signed by a large number of my fellow farmers in the neighbourhood where I live, stating my position and the object I had in view in going out to Candda. When I placed this in his hands, and he had looked it over, together with the testimonials of my colleague, he at once said that we were just the men they wanted to look over the country, form our own opinions, and go back to England, and give our people the result of our observations. And here I would bear testimony to the courtesy and kindness we received, not only from the Minister himself, but also from the Government Emigration Agents at the various places where we stayed, among whom I would mention especially Mr. Stafford, of Quebec, Mr Donaldson, of Toronto, Mr. Grahame, of Winnipeg, and Mr. 6 McGovern and Mr. Hurdon, of Duluth. These gentlemen exerted thomgelves to the utmost to make our visit not only enjoyable but proli table, by taking us out in their conveyances to see the counti7 around tho cities where they are stationed : their kindness we shall long remombor. In the conversation we had with the Hon. Mr. Pope, after pointing out the route he thought we should follov and the places he should wish ua to visit, about the last thincf he said was, " That the Government of Canada did not wish to influence our decision in the least ; they did not wish anyone to come to Canada under falw impiessioiis, nnd then say they had been deceived. What wo want you to do is to go through the country, form your own conclusions as to its a.lvautnges or disadvantage a, and when yon get back to England state tho:n to the people, give them the dark side as well as the bright side, Ami then let them decide for thomaelves." This, we thought, was jufit as it ought to be, and bidding him farewell, we returned to our hotel, and started immediately for Toronto. On each side of tho rails we saw good crops of barley and oats. Just before we reached Toronto we saw some splendid crops of barley in the Scarbro' township. An old friend, Mr. Owston, who left England eighteen months ago, was at the station to welcome me, and he and Mrs. Owstou, by their kindly attention, made me feol a^t home. I was glad to take a rest under their hospitable roof. Toronto is a fine city, possessing a large population, splendid public buildings, magnificent churches belonging to various denominations, and Inrge manufactories of various kinds. The streets are wide and well laid out. The prices of flesh meat and flour have increased verj much during the last months, and the cost of living in the large towns is ranterially increased ; but in the country districts, as m Enf?iand, every kind of produce is very reasonable, and any poor man with a larr^o family will act wisely if he endeavours to get away into the agricuitural part of the country, where woi^c is plentiful and house-rent low. My first visit was to the farm of English John Smith (so called to distinguish him from two other Smiths in the neighbour- hood), who lives on a farm of 100 acres. And as the principal object of ray visit to Canada was to ascertain whether it was a suitable field for eraigmtion for English farmers who were not able to command a large amount of capital, I have tried to realize that object by visiting a class of farmers who, not having much capital when they arrived in Canada, nevertheless, by industry and hard plodding, have raised themselves and their families into comfortable circumstances. It is the history of such men as these that I shall give in these p. ges, to show to intending emigrants what steady industry and perseverance will do in enabling them to get comfortable homes, and eventually to gain inde- pendent positions in life. I find from the reports of fos-mer delegates that their visits were to the larger holdings, where men with capital were rapidly adding to their already abundui-t means, and as these have been so fully reported on already, I have, with only a few exceptions, visited the class already referred to. Mr. Smith canr? from Yorkshire many years ago. He had only £5 left when he landed. He found his way to Unionville, twenty miles from Toronto ; he hired out for a year or two, then rented the farm where he now resides. The landlord put him up a new house, and after a year or two offered to sell him the farm for £^ an acre, or £400 for the whole. The bar in barffHia was made, he paid down £10 of the purchase money, all he had in the world, the landlord giving him six years to pay the rest. He went to work in good earnest, met his engagement, cleared off the whole X400, has now a good and well furnished house to live in, and has bought two other plots of fieventy-five and fifty acres adjoining. The land is good, and this year his crops of barley and wheat are good, fche spring wheat especially. Mr. Donaldson, the local government agent, accompanied me to see some farms about twenty miles west of Toronto, where we got into a splendid fruit country. The first farm we went to was one of 400 acres. They milk thirty cows, send the milk to Toronto, and make a large profit, each cow being estimated on the average to produce milk worth from fifty to sixty dollars per year. They have a large apple orchard. The owner of this farm, by steady industry, had been able to buy the farm some years since, and is now, in old age, reaping the fruits of his labour. ITrom thence we drove by the lake shore road to Oakville, calling on our way at another fiirm, which was then for sale. The owner was asking forty-five dollars per acre. It is a light sandy loam, extent 120 acres, 100 acres cleared. There is an orchard ten acres in extent, well stocked vvith beautiful fruit-trees, every tree loaded, estimated to produce 800 barrels of apples. Such a sight I have not witnessed since I came to Canada. The house needs some repairs, as well as the buildings. It stands in a good situation on the shore of Lake Ontario, two miles from a railway station, and fourteen miles from Toronto. Any one wishing to go into the fruit business would find it a desirable location. Proceeded through Oakville to Bronte, on our way to Mr. White's farm, which is 427 acres in extent, twenty-seven acres being under fruit. Here I saw, to me a most remarkable sight, viz., six miles of fencing made with the roots of the pine trees which had been drawn out of the ground by a stump extractor, and then placed on their edges around the fields, making a Tery formidable fence. The buildings were the best and most complete of any I had yet seen. They can tie up eighty- four beasts, have boxes for fourteen more ; a large sheep-pen, with foldyards complete ; stabling for seven horses ; bams sufficient to contain all the grain grown on the farm, and a good frame house suitable for any family. They keep eighty sheep, and over eighty cattle, principally shorthorns, the owner of the farm being celebrated in the neighbourhood for his breed of cattle. The farm can be bought for £5,000. It is a mile from the Bronte station. I am told that the owner — Mr. White — when he arrived there, fifty years ago, was not worth a dollar. I also met, when at the emigration oflfice, a Mr. Hollen, who, when he came there, forty years ago, worked for fifteen dollars a month. Now he has a farm, five miles from Toronto, of four hundred acres (besides a large sum of money lent on mortgage), and he sells 4,000 dollars* worth of g^rain yearly, his wheat this year averaging from thirty-five to forty buahela per acre, oats sixty bushels, barley forty bushels. Such are a few of the mstances of successful toil extracted from my diary, to show what has been done in the County of York; and these instances might be multiplied by the score, of people around Toronto, and in the different townships in the neighbourhood, especially to the north of Toronto, where good farms can be bought or rented at a reasonable rate. On August 14th we started by the Grand Trunk Railway on our jonraeY for the North- West Territory; saw seme good land in the 8 neighbonrhood of Guelph, especially on the north side, which is a good fiirming country. After leaving that neighbourhood the conntry is somewhat brokt n, more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Around Paris there are some nice-looking farms, but in some places the laud looks light and sandy. At Sarnia our luggage was examined by th« Americans. The train crossed the river on pontoons, and having again arrived on terra firnia^ we started across the State of Michigan, through a wild, uncultivated district, to Chicago. On nearing that city, saw large herds of cattle feeding on the prairie grass, and a good many farms cleared and in good condition. Passing through Chicago^ we proceeded for St. Paul, a distance of 420 miles. We arrived there in due course, and after having a look round the city, again took tha cars for Winnipeg, passing through immense patches of wheat, thousands of acres in extent, which was being cut by self-binders. Aa many as eight of these were following each other in the same field. The land did not impress me very favourably ; the wheat, somewhat short in the straw, could not yield more than from sixteen to tweni^ bushels per acre. Arriving at St. Vincent w«^ crossed the border again into Canadian territory and soon arrived at Emeiaon, the gateway city of Manitoba, where we spent some time in enquiring about the quality of the land in the neighbourhood. The City of Emerson is situated on the Bed River ; this river runs through one of the most fertile belts of land in the North- West. Emerson is only a small place to bo termed a city, but this appears to be the fashion in the North- West; every place the size of an English village is dubbed a city, not, I suppose, from what they moy but what they expect them to be. Yet Emeison has its bank, its drug store, doctor, dry goods stores, Ac. Not having time to go through the bouthern part of Manitoba, I will remark here that from enquirica we made of the people staying at the hotel, and of others we met with, we came to the conclusion that the land in the south part of iiie province is of excellent quality, and is being rapidly settled up, so that anyone wishing for land in that neighbourhood will have to be looking out very soon. Having written so far, I bethought me to communicate with my friend Mr. Porritt, of Bridlington, who has four sons settled in this part, and ask him to give me his ovjinion of South Manitoba. I append his letter. Bbidlimoton Quay, I>»^ Bib, December 6th, 188». I have pleasnre in complying -with your request that I would give you my opinion as to Southern Manitoba. A oonoise account of what I myself hatt done will show it fully. In 1880, owing to tho indispositioa of my eldest son preventing him from following hia profeHsion, the sea, I went out with him to Manitoba, aa from th« Eeports of Dele^^ates, and information which I obtained at the office of thi Canadian Qovernmont, I thouglit it probable that it might suit him to settlt khere and oommencu farming. I left Liverpool on the Slat March- in the Allan Liner Sardinia-i, and after Q rough paasage, iu whiah the bhip proved her excellent qualities, reached Halifax, N.S. Ou the possage out, I heard terrible accounts of Manitoba aud the North West with reforonco espooially to climate, aud the ilat character of the country, which it was asserted, rendered it liable to be under snow or water for some eight' month! in each year. The Eastern Townships in the Province of Quebec, aud the district rooad Toronto in the Trovinoe of Ontario, were strongly roooramended to me in piefereuM to Maoitoba, and for about twelve honn I was in a state of indecision. Indeed, if the statements made to me shonld prove to be tme, it seem'sd probable that I might never get baok from Manitoba. I finally adhered to my resolation to go on. I mention this, beoanse even now emigrants are subjeoted to similar inflaenoos, particularly in the United States. During the passage to Halifax. I made the acquaintance of three gentlemen — two being practical farmers — who jre going out with views identical with mine, tha result being that we determined, a possible, to settle together in the same neigh- bonrhoodt for mutual help, both agricultural and sodal. One of our party had two sons in Manitoba, and Ihey were to meet him in Emerson. They did so, and after a conference and full dieousRion, I and the younger of these sons were deputed to start and make ^n inspection of certain Itmds, on which to settle if our report should be favourable. The published reports of the Government Surveyors I found very valuable, «nd perfectly reliable. I purchased horses, and struck for the district comprised in the watershed of the Oyprus Biver. After much labour, and under serious difficriiiies— for it waa the brea^-up of the frost, and the worst season known for several years — I found land well adapted for mixed farming. I instantly returned to Nelsonville, whert my people were anxiously awaiting my return and report, for they had with them oxen, waggons, and household good^ of every description. The result of my report was that we entered at the Dominion Land's Office for 8,200 acres, almost in a square block. There we settled, and there my sons are now. On reaching the locality every member of the party was satisfied with the land. It was near timber; the water was abundant, and excellent in quality; it waa well adapted for stock of all kinds, having fine natural hay meadows, and soil capable of producing roots and cereals of every description in abundance and perfection. The scenery, too, was fine, quite equal to many parts of Torkshire, of which it strorgly reminded me. I may Jiere say that the land we took up ia ecmprised in TJownships B and 7, Bangs 10 West, in what is called the Tiger Hill district. To the north is a rough and wild country, quite unfit, in my opinion, for cultivation ; being hills, light in soil, in great measure covered with small scrub, and desolate in character. It is a country for moose deer, and other game, though cattle can range and thrive well there. The range of hills is about four miles in breadth, outside that limit the eonatry is almost fully settled up now. It is watered by the Foyne Biver and Little Boyne, and has numerous pools of spring water, which never fail, even in the driest seascs. Wild fruits are found in great profusion. The trail, from Emerson through West Lynne, intersects the Meanonite Beserve, and in 1880 the sloughs were very bad, and consequently diJPT^cult to oross. That is now entirely changed. From Emerson to Tiger Hill a there are two main trails — one through Nelsonville and Lome, the other through Mountain Oity, Alexandria, and Darlingford. Every slough is now bridged, and every soft or boggy place bushed, or otherwise made passable. These two routes cross the Pembina Mountain at its respective extremities, and pass through a rich and fertile country. The progress made in two-and-a-half years is astounding. I have passed through the district eight times, and have therefore had ample opportunity of seeing; the gradual, yet rapid growth of area under cultivation. X cannot think that it has been surpassed in any country in the world. After seeing my son and friends settled on the ground, all living together in a tent which I had purchased in Winnipeg, I returned to England, by way of Quebec, in the Allan Liner Peruvian. 1 reached home on the 22nd June, having been fifteen days only from Emerson to Bridlington Quay^ On the 12ih August I again found myself on board the Peruvian. I had with me a younger son, who wished to join his brother in Manitoba, ard who had for iome months been learning practical farming on the Yorkshire Wolds. We had a fine passage to Quebec. On reaching Emerson I purchased a yoke of oxen, waggon, a small tent, a simple and inexpensive camp cooking equipage, and hired a man to drive and attend to the oxen. I had dogs and guns with me, and journeyed in a leisurely way to Tiger Hills. I shot prairie chicken and duck as I went along. A little before sundown each day we pitched our tent, cooked our game, and then turned in, to rise saoh morning at daybreak. The weather was magnificent, and tht Journey thoroughly enjoyable. , t> On reoohing my son's place I found his shanty (log house) was built, and one, for another of our party, in coarse of erection. Several acres of land were und«r orop— oats, barley, and potatoM. It will b« wtU onderstood that, nmming ihm 10 gioaod in June only, to effect these xesolts even, great effort had been neeeegaiy*. lleft again for England, and reached home at the end of October, having oompassed fbe entire distance ttoiee from the Slat March preTioos. ■* I was so well satisfied with the restdt of my two visits, and so mnoh impTessad hf the natural advantages of Manitoba for energetic yoong men wishful to f arm— ^ fond of a free open-air life, and willing to work hard and rotigh it for a few ^ears— that when a thinl of my sons (and I have five) expressed a strong desire to join hif two brothers, I raised no objection to his doing so. In 1881, the 22nd April, I again left Liverpool, this time in the ;UIan Liner Polynerian, for Quebec, taking with me my yonnger son, and also a friend of his, who was to remain with my boys nntil he found land on which to settle. He has since purchased Hudson's Bay land, about two miles distant. We travelled from Quebec straight through to Winnipeg. There we took one of the steamers which x]ap on the Aasiniboine, quitting her at Smart's landing, where I had arranged for a OHtveyanoe to meet me and to carry our impedimenta. Smart's Landing is twelve mies from my place as the crow flies. Next day I reached the end of my journey. Ipassed the entire summer there, and returned to England in the fall, more satisfied even than before. The weather had been magnificent. My sons, too, had passed a winter. They were in excellent health, and in spite of herd work and rough settlers' life, were sura that both country and climate would do. The cattle were thriving, a fair quantity of land was under the plough, a large pasture of natural grass was fenced in, a second shanty was up, and, in fine, the place had assumed the look of a farm homestead. From a hill close to my son's house I could count some thirteen shanties, and in varioua directions the eye could rest on ripening crops or bared stubbles. I left with regret. The climate is 8in!*^ly fascinating — to me at all events. No other word can express my opinion of it. . The summer is hot, but the nights are cool, and induce sound find refreshing sleep. The rapid growth of vegetation must be seen to be believed. The Prairies — whether rolling or flat — teem with an almost endless succession of wild flowers. The lovely blooms on the rose scrub, with their delicate scent, are ehanuing. The wild hop is most luxuriant, and the fruits, which are all indigenous, are in great profusion. The strawberry, currant, raspberry, gooseberry, high and low bush cranberry, cherry, and wild plum, can be gathered wherever suitable conditions offer themselves; and, during the summer and autumn of 1881 wa litorally lived on wild pigeon pie, wild fruit pie, prairie chicken, and wild duck. I left in the fall of 1881 with regret, again availing myself of the Allan Liner from Quebec. The summer of this year (1882) I left Liven)Ool on the 27th July in the Cireasaian^ taking with me a fourth son. I had also the wife and five children of a^highly respectable fanner from Lincolnshire, who for the present is at my shanty, and who went out in March last in the Sarmatian along with auothei friend of mine from Hull, and who is also at my son's place. A fine young fellow— A nephew of my wife— from the neighbourhood of Leeds, is also there. Early in October last I drove across to Portage la Prairie, about fifty miles, thar* I took train for Quebec, whence I had the pleasure of your company to England. I am a thorough believer in the future greatness of Manitoba and the North West. It has every natural advantage. To the farmer possessed of a few hundred pounds— perhaps the residue left him by the late adverse seasons in EngUnd— it offers a comfortable home and certain mdependence. Ev<)iy nail he drives is into bis own plank. In conclusion I can but say that I have kept strictly within the limits of my own experience, and 1 am folly satisfied that the progress made in Southern Manitoba is equalled, if not surpassed, by the country further west, but of that I have no actual personal knowledge, simply information from others. Should any doubt, Z say to them, go and see. A Guide for Tourists is published by Messrs. Allan Brothers and Co., of Liverpool, and I believe they send it gratis to applicants : it contains full information. I can speak in the highest terms of the Allan Line. ^The comfort oi' the ihlps, and the kind and assidno . attention of the officers to all on board, canaot be smrpassed. On the outward voyage to Quebec last July, in the Cireaasian, au Address was pre-inted to Captain Smith, signed, almost without exception, by the saloon, intermediate, and steerage passengers. I am, dear Sir, •r a ™ Truly yours, Thomas STSj-flBssoN. Esq., \7M. M. PORRITT, Whwb Thobm Houbb, Cbopiov, Pioxsuisa. 12 C4 00 UJ % •- 13 00 o IJJ 00 oo o UJ 15 With regard to Winnipeg I will only say that it is amazing to HI Old* World people how the place has grown. From being an incon- siderable village four or five years ago, it now boasts of a population of 20,000, and is still rapidly increasing ; so much so, that yon could stand in the more open parts of the city and count about one hundred houaeB iJl going up at once. Many of the labouring class have tents of their own, which they pitch on the prairie, and so save the cost of lodgings, ^hich are very expensive. After cailling on the emigration agent, we started for Brandon. Daring our journey we passed through prairie land all the way, and saw some splendid crops of grain, nearly ready for harvesting, especially on each side of Poctage la Prairie, where the land is very good, though subject at times to be flooded by the Bicd River. And here I would remark in reference to the floods last spring, that though they were unusually high, and did a \wege amount of mischief, yet the reports which reached the lower provinces of Canada and England were very much exaggerated, and I fear that it was done intentionally by parties who wished to turn the stream of emigration towards the States rather than Canada. However, we found the emigrants very hopeful in reference to the future, and in no way discouraged by recent events. We ran through several miles of country before we came to Brandon, which does not look as if it was worth cultivation ; but here the same remarks apply that I have made previously, that the railwny in many places runs through the worst land in the district, and that at a few miles distance on each side of the track the land is much better. However, I understand that the greatest part of the land in this particular quarter is taken up, either by actual settlers or land jobbers, tmd now you must pay from five to twelve dollars per acre for it. We proceeded from Brandon to Kapid City,a distance of twentj-two miles, by stage waggon. Arriving at Rapid City, we drove in the direction of Oak Bi^er, and over the open prairie for many miles. There are no fences, and one of the laws of Manitoba compels all the people in each township, who have cattle, to send them all in a flock, attended by a boy or man on horseback. They are pastured by the sides of the rivers and creeks during the day, are taken home at night and shut up in large pens till the morning, when they are again taken in charge, so that there is no -danger to tho farmers' crops. We saw some splendid crops of wheat and oats gjrown on land that had been wild prairie two years before. During our journey we came across an Ontario man who had located there three years ago : he had built himself a comfortable house and some outbuildings ; he had ploughed with one pair of oxen so much land, and back-set it in the autumn o^ the year he came, sowed i* the next spring, that the produce of his single-handed labour, when ihrash all at his own door. Last year he sold his wheat at 4/2 per bushel, and 1« 6ki» 8/5 per bnsliel. The ooontry round here is the best that I have yet seen on the pmirie. A good part of the land is taken up by settlers^ «nd the rest by land speculators, but can be bought of them at from five to twelve dollars an acre. Here is a Baptist College, which has got a grant of 1,000 acres, where young men are taught to work on the farm m the Dummer, and study for the ministry in the winter. Such is the scarcity of labour he.e, I;hat the Wesleyan minister, assisted by his wife, built the parsonage with their own hands ; his name is Mr. Dyer. Timothy grass g^ows well on the broken-up prairie, a lot having been out this year at Bapid City which was estimatec* at two tons per acre, Ileturning to Brandon I saw a primitive post-office : it consisted of & three-legged stool, and underneath a tin pail to put the letters in. Brandon la indeed a marvel. Last year, at this time, there were only four or five houses on the spot ; now houses &re springing up everywh'sre, as if by magic; the population of the town is low nigh 3,000. It is th^ centre of a large prairie district, thousands and tens of thousands of acres of land lying around. Sites for shops and public buildings are very dear, as much as 175 dollars per foot being paid for good sites in the front streets. While at Brandon I paid a visit to the farm of Mr. Whitehead, to get some samples of grain to bring to England. Mr. Whitehead has 640 acres of land, about three miles to the south of Brandon. He gavo two dollars fifty cents per acre. He entered on is farm in June, 1881, got his land broken up, and in the following spii- g put in his seed. When I saw the farm he was reaping his oats, u good crop of 350 acres, which I since heard yielded him 68 bushels pyr acre. Fe had also twenty acres of fine wheat, which would yield tmrtv-two bushels per acre. He had only a few acres of barley ; had a nice stock of cows, some useful horses, had built himself a good frame house, and in a few years will be an independent man. From Brandon we pr;, needed to Broadview by the railway cars, and from thence to Qu' Appelle by a freight train, laden with sleepers and rails for the new railway making ahead «.f us. Wo found this place composed of a few canvas tents, pitched here and there, not even a wood house to be seen. The railway had only reached there a few veeks before, and all was consequently in a very primitive condition. We proceeded by car to Fort Qu' Appelle, a distance of twenty miles, m company with two gentlemen, and in crossing the prairie we drove through the great Bell Farm, comprising 64,000 acres, recently bought by a company, and which they were now breaking up preparatory to sowing the next spring. We saw, as we jpassed, eight teams of ten oxen each ploughing with the Sulky double- rurrowed plough, and a reserve of forty oxen to keep changing with. I think these very large farms are a mistake, as they shut out the individual settler, and I was ,^lad to see, on taking up the papers after I got back to Winnipeg, that the Canadian Government had decided that the numerous squatters which had settled on thJs farm in various parts should have due respect paid to their claims, so that the large monopoly will be broken up.. We arrived in due course at our destina- tion, our journey having been through a level tract of uncultivated prairie ; indeed, we seemed to have got beyond the region of cultivation, the land having only been taken up within the last few months. Here we found a good number of young Canadians, who had come to look for land in the neighbourhood — fine, stalwar. young fellows, just fitted for frontier life — and I wish to bear my testimony to the kind manner in 17 m i 9) 19 which we were treated by them. They are not rough, as one might be led to expect, away from civilized society ; their treatment of us was courteous, and whatever inforaiation we needed was given in the readiest manner ; they are a credit to the Province of Ontario, from which most of theui had come. This is one of the finest valleys I have seen in Canada, the river Qu' Appelle running through the four lakes in the beautiful valley in which they are situated, the mountains rising in grandeur on each side, and producing the famous echo from which the valley is said to take its name. The tradition is this : — A Frenchman coming alone into the valley had occasion to speak aloud, when the opposite hills threw back the sound. He, in some alarm, cried out, "Qu' appelle?" or, "Who calls?" The echo brought back the same words to his ears, and after trying the word again and receiv- ing a similar answer, he fled in terror, thinking there was someone concealed in the opposite hills. Here is still to be seen the old stockaded fort which the Hudson Bay Company erected to protect their furs and servants from the attacks of the Indians, But all this is now changed. By keeping the whiskey from the Indians they remain quiet and peaceable. There are four encampments of Indians around us, yet no one dreams of danger; they wander around the place where we are staying, good-naturedly looking at us, and, I suppose, get their living by hunting and fishing ; they do not seem to care for work. On the Sunday there was service, morning and evening, in the hotel, conducted by a Presbyterian minister, who came over with us on the Saturday from South Qu' Appelle, so that thus early the religious interests of the settlers in this far-ofE district are being cared for by the religious bodies in the older districts of the Colony. From enquiries made of the people staying at the hotel, we learned that there are some fine tracts of country forty or fifty miles to the north of us, well wooded, and being rjipidly settled up by enterprising families, principally from Ontario and the Eastern Townships of Quebec. Our time being limited, we could not go further in that direction. Leaving the valley, we came across the prairie by stage in a south- west direction, to find the camp of some young men that my colleague had sent out from Howden Dyke, near Goole, in the spring. They have got a section of land about six miles from the railway, and altogether in a good location. We found them with a tent pitched, and a log shanty, living in quite primitive style, doing all the household work amongst themselves ; still they were quite cheerful, and said they had not had such good health foi' a long time as they have had here. This summer, with a pair of o-'.en, they had broken up twenty acres, had got together twenty tons of prairie grass, and were getting up their firewood for \» inter. They had to cart the wood a distance of six or seven miles, which is a great drawback to settlers in this part of the {)rairie country ; but in other parts, especially on the borders of the arge rivers, there is abundance of wood, both for firuig and building purposes. ^Vhile staying with our Howden Dyke friends we had a call from four of their neighbours, who, like themselves, had taken up land on the open prairie. They expressed themselves with confidence as to the future of the country. These young men had been over the prairie for some miles, at what they call a building " bee " When a farmer wants his house building, a number of his neighbours assemble, and in a short time he has a decent shauty erected. Having enjoy e I would certainly recommend emigrants contemplating going into grazing to look through these townships on their way from Quebec, for where a farm can be bought, partly cleared, with pretty good buildings upon it, at je4 .|>er acre, a man might go further and fare worse. I do not think that 27 me was Irom man ood ding aper ead, the belt }uld look arm ltje4 that this part of Canada has had the consideration which it deserves. Tha people complain, and I think with some justice, that the Government has not aided them sufficiently in getting emigrants. They say, that in their anxiety to get the North West settled, the Government has over- looked their claims, settlers having been advised to go further up the coilntry. Labourers are much wanted here, and would get 6/- per day, with board, for eight months in the year. In winter there is plenty of employment in the woods to cut down lumber, with this advantage, that the woods aro within a couple of miles or so of their dwellings. I had a look at Sherbrooke, a nice-sized town, where I am told there is a market for almost anything ; there is a large woollen manufactory driven by water power, two water wheels, and a force of water the most powerful in Canada. There is also in the neighbourhood several lumber mills, and on my return to Eichmond, on my way to Quebec, I saw the largest quajutity of sawn lumber I had ever seen. On arrival at Quebec I embarked on board the splendid steamer Sarmatian, on Saturday morning, and started for England. I append some remarks on various matters which occurred to me while passing to and fro in the Provinces. First, as to who sh'^^'li go to Canada, and where they should settle. On this point I would say : — Let no one suppose that in emigrating to Canada he will be free from difficulty and trouble. Possibly many who have been disappointed in their expectations may have to ascribe it to their not forming a proper estimate of the great difference there must necessarily be in the habits and ci^^^toms of the land of their adoption, which causes them, at first, to feel unsettled and discouraged, I have found that this feeling prevailed with the greater portion of those whom I conversed with ; on their first coming from England all was strange, they felt home-sick for a while, but this feeling soon wore ofE, especially when they began to improve their position in the world, and now nothing would induce them to return to the Old Country. Therefore, I say, be resolved to give the New Country a fair trial, and soon all apparent difficulties will vanish. In my opinion, Ontario, or the Quebec Townships, are the most suitable for men with families, as they will be able to buy or rent farms on which are decent houses, where they can make their families comfortable at once. And, as before stated, it would be beneficial to the inhabitants of the neighbourhood where they settle to have these English farmers ; with their tidy habits, an^ their push and energy, they would soon, by their improved methods of cultivation, produce a spirit of emulation in their neighbours which would be productive of the best results. ' AS TO WHERE TO SETTLE. As far as I have seen, desirable locations for settlement are to be found in the counties of Oxford, Brant, Waterloo, York, and Durham, and for many miles around Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, but any one who prefers a grazing country, with cheap land, I would advise to look through the Eastern Townships of Quebec, as there are many parts of that Province well worth the farmer's attention. Any one who IB a good judge of cattle would soon improve his position there. While the farmer with only a little capital is sure to do well in any of the parts mentioned, the man with capital at command is also needed, 30 that the resonrces of the country may be more fully developed. Capital, if judiciously ezpended| will bring a good retam. I would 28 advise all who have money to invest not to be in too great a hnny, btift^ take time to look round, and to consult, if possible, a jndioioas Mend^ acquainted with the neighbonrhood, before coming to a final decision. The prosperity of the Canadian farmers is due to the fact that thejr are the owners of the land they cultivate, and, in consequence, they can make any improvements they think proper, without fear of losing the yshuB of them by being turned out by a landlord. Manufacturers and storekeepers are not a&aid of letting a man have goods on credit, if by buying bis farm he has run short of money, when they know that the farm, being his own, no landlord's law of distress can prevent them &om receiving their just demands. I cannot conceive how a young country like Canada could have attained to its present degree of prosperity, had it not been for the system of credit which prevails. Even the auction sales are coi: ducted very often on the credit system, such announcements as this meet the eye on large placards : " Auction Credit Sale" and after announcing th& kind of stock to be sold, it is stated at the bottom of the bill, that for any kind of stock sold costing above 5 dollars, credit would be given the buyer for nine months on approved security ; and such is the coDfidence the farmers have in one another, that if a poor but honest neighbour cannot pay for the stock he has bought, they will become security for him. Th:s is a great privilege for a man just commencing, and such a disposition io help each other is a pleasing feature, and I am convinced it has done much to bring about the prosperity the Canadian farmers now enjoy. IMPLEIOSNTS AND MACHINBBT. The Canadians are ahead of us in this respect. Their implements are better made, and, being ligixter in construction, take much less horse- power to work. It is no unusaal thing to see one man with two light horses in a wheat drill, driving from behind the drill so as to be able (.0 attend to it, thus doing, with his two horses and himself, the work which it would take three horses and three men to perform in this country. Labour being so scarce and dear, all implements are planned with the object of saving hand labour ; and from the simple hay fork, which will throw ofE a ton of hay at three times, to the latest invention of the self-binding reaper — which at least will save the work of five men in the harvest field — all tend to this fine object. The farmers are not afraid of the first expense of buying costly machinery, as they save it in the long run. It was pleasing to see, not only in the older settle- ments, but also at almost every station on our way through Manitoba, such large stocks of machinery ready for the settlers* use. At Rapid City, with a population of only 800, such is the demand for implements, that the firm of Westfield & Fairchild had sold in one month 40,000 dollars' worth of implements, and the firm of Harris & Son had sold, during the year, 376,000 dollars' worth, including the value of 110 self- binders, which had gone into use in the nei^bourhood. The cost of implements is about the same as in England. They are light and portable, and stand their work well. ^ ' LIVE STOOK. At the shows I attended at Toronto and Iioizdon, there was a good exhibition of live stock, especially of cattle, which were quite capable of t^ng their place against some of the best shorthorns I have ever seeii^ at our English shows. There were some good horses, but as a class they were not equal to the horses shown in England. Pigs are a great 29 feature in Canada ; the black Berkshire is to be seen everywhere. The iarmers make a good deal of money out of their hogs. As a rule, the farmers prefer the common grade Canadian cow for milking purposes. These cows can be bought for forty dollars each, and by sending their milk to the cheese factory they wiU, in one year, make as much profit in cheese as will pay their original cost. Mr. Fewster's twenty-seven "COWS cleared last year 900 dollars, besides what went in milk and butter for the family. There are not many sheep kept in the neighbourhoods where I have been, but where well-bred Leicesters have been kept there is now a disposition to cross them with the Down ram, as they get a better quality of wool. The price of beef and mutton in the country was about ten cents per pound ; pork, seven dollars per 100 pounds, dead weight ; eggs, 18 cents per dozen ; butter, 24 cents per pound ; cheese, 11 cents. In the Toronto market fat^ beasts were sellmg for 6 J cents per pound, live weight; sheep, 6 cents per pound, live weight; lambs, 4 dollars each; pigs, 7 dollars to 7-60 dollars per 100 pounds; l>utter, 25 cents ; eggs, 26 cents per dozen ; cheese, 13 cents per pound; flour, 2-75 to 4 dollars per 100 pounds ; wheat, 1 dollar per bushel ; barley, 75 cents per bushel, and oats, 42 cents. Horses for agricultural purposes are, as a rule, smaller, and show more l)reeding than the same class in England, and tiiey are capable of a fax greater amount of road work. The farmer will take one of his draught horses, yoke it in his buggy, and take it a journey of fifty or even sixty miles a day, without any appearance of serious fatigue. There are some good specimens of the Clydesdale breed to be seen at Winnipeg. I saw two mares of this breed which had cost their owners 750 dollars, though as a rule 200 to 250 dollars is the price of a good horse in Manitoba. I was told by parties who had been up to the Eocky Mountains that it is calculated there are at least 80,000 head of cattle on the Canadian «ide of these mountains, and that this number will be largely increased next spring, as several new companies are being formed for that object. LABOUB AND WAGES. Wherever I went I was asked. Can yon send us labourers? They «eem to be wanted everywhere. For farm work, a smart hand, after he gets used to the way of the country, will command 170 to 190 dollars per year, and all found. Sharp beys, for the same purpose, aged 17 years, 180 dollars. Last harvest, good men got 35 to 40 dollars per month. Carpenters in the country get 1| dollars per day, with board. Masons 2 dollars per day, with botu^. In the large towns daring the suriimer months mechanics command almost fabulous wages, beginning in the spring with 3 dollars. At Winnipeg, before the season closes, as much as 7 dollars per day is paid ; carpenters a little less, but in the same proportion, i Boarding is high, being from 5 to 6 dollars for single men, and there is the prospect of being out of work for some weeks in winter, though I was told by a mason in Winnipeg that he had only lost four weeks all last winter. Labourers are not so much wanted as jret in the farming districts of the North West, but as the country gets opened up there will be a ffreat demand for labour. I am satisfied that if men would only leave me large towns and make their way into the &rraing districts, they would get work readily; but in Canada, as in England, there is always a class of loafers in the large towns who do not like work, and who are the first to cry out about the want of work. ^;I luure only seen one beggar in my travels in the country, and he was a 80 poor half-witted fellow, on whom the farmers* wives took pity, and gave him a meal when he called on th«m. I heard of another who drove about the country with a waggon and two horses, carrying three barrels to put what he could get therein, and it was said he drove a roaring trade. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AfVu EDUCATION. I have told many of the Canadians that they are the freest people in the world, for if an enemy invades them they have the old country to fight their battles ; they have no standing army to maintain ; their taxes are very light, education and the maintenance of the roads being the principal items of expense. They have local government in its integrity, five delegates managing the affairs of each township, elected yearly by the ratepayers, consisting of Reeve, vice-Eeeve, and three Councillors, in whom are invested the management of the roads, the levying of rates, and all other incidental matters belonging to the township. They have power — " as there is no Poor Law in Canada" — to relieve any destitute individual or family that may need help, who may be passing through or residing in the township, — a very sensible and humane arrangement, and calculated to quiet the fears of any one who may hesitate to emigrate for fear they may be left destitute in a foreign land. I consider the Canadian system of education the most simple and effectual of any I have ever met with, giving, as it does, an opportunity for the child of the poor man to obtain as good an education as the child of his rich neigh- bour. Besides the elementary schools, there are also provided higher grade schools and Collegiate Institutions, so that a clever boy, no matter how poor his parents, can by degrees attain to honour and distinction, as a boy is eligible for school until he is 18 years of age. And these privileges of the older provinces will soon be realized by the inhabitants of Manitoba and the North- West, for already educational institutions are rising in many places, and a few years will see the Prairie studded over with schools and churches. I found, on reaching Brandon, which had only been in existence some fourteen months, two churches already open, and one or two more belonging to different denominations were being built. ^ CLIMATE. One more remark I wisn to make in reference to the climate of the North- West. No matter how hot the day may have been, about five o'clock in the evening a north wind invariably springs up, which in a couple of hours cools the atmosphere so that with your window open you could sleep with every degree of comfort under an ordinary amount of bedclothes. In Ontario the climate is on the whole a very healthy one. At times in summer it is very hot, yet with the dry clear atmosphere of the country the heat is not ofton oppressive, though the thermometer marks at times over 100 degrees in the shade. I have not passed a winter in Canada, so cannot speak from experience, but I was told by frtends, both in Upper and Lower Canada, that though the cold at times was intense, yet they do not feel it more than we in England feel the chilly hoar frosts which make us feel so uncomfortable. The winter in Ontario sets in about the latter part of November, and continues till the end of March. In the Eastern Townships winter begins a few days earlier, and sometimes continues a few days longer. In the North- West the winter is severer, and generally continues a few days longer. Having put before my friends a clear and unbiassed statement of my views and convictions in reference to this great country, I would asK 31 a and tbem to calmly ponder over what I have said. My objeot is to bring facts before my coantrymen, and especially Yorkshiremen, so as to gaide to a right conclusion any who may wish to better their position in life. AGRICULTURE IN ONTARIO. The Bureau of Industries of the Province of Ontario has just published its monthly report for November, 1882, and the following extracts from it will be read vrith interest by intending Emigrants, especially of the agricultural class : — " The total number of farms in the Province is 201,766, embracing an area of 19,602,387 acres, of which 10,211,960 acres are cleared. The value of farm land is set down at $831,882,030, and the total of land, buildings, implements, and live stock at $882,024,500. " The area under grain crops this year was 5,002,067 acres, or 48 per cent, of all the cleared land, and under other field crops, orchard, etc., 2,335,149 acres. This makes a total under tillage of 7,337,216 acres, leaving 2,874,474 acres for pasture and fallow land. The acreage and production' of each crop are given as follows : Fall wheat, 1,188,520 acres, 81,255,202 bushels; spring wheat, 586,817 acres, 9,665,999 bushels; barley, 848,617 acres, 24,284,407 bushels; oats, 1,375,415 acres, 60,097,997 bushels; rye, 189,031 acres, 3,549,898 bushels ; peas, 557,157 acres, 10,943,355 bushels ; corn, 206,925 acres, 13,420,984 bushels (in the ear) ; buckwheat, 49.586 acres, 1,247,943 bushels. The total of spring and fall wheat is 1,775,337 acres, yielding 40,921,201 bushels, or an average of 23.05 bushels per acre. " The produce of each kind of grain is based on the returns oi threshers and the reports of correspondents — the method adopted by the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington and by several State Bureaus. The following table gives the average of bushels per acre this year for the Province of Ontario and for nine of the principal wheat-growing States, the figures for the latter being taken from the October Report of the United States Departmont of Agriculture : — Fall Wheat. Spring Wheat. Barley. 1 O 86.4 28.0 333 27.0 37.4 34.5 38.1 31.8 40.0 45.0 1 Ontario 26.3 16.7 17.8 15.7 16.0 14.6 19.5 16.5 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Vi'.o 1H.3 16.7 28.6 19.9 25.2 2i.0 22.5 23.0 25.7 21.7 23.3 29.2 18,8 Ohio 15 8 Micbican 17 Indiana 15.1 Illiucia 16.6 Missouri 15.5 Kansas 22.3 Iowa 14.3 Minnesota Dakota • • • • • • • ■ 18.0 20.0 m: as' I f It is only necessary to add that in the United States the grain crops are regarded as exceptionally good this year. The comparison of averages therefore makes a remarkably i;ood showing for Ontario. " The total produce of beans is computed to be 409,910 bushels; of potatoes, 18,432,145 bushels ; of mangold wurtzels, 7,711.420 bushels; : 9$ af carrots, 4,009,975 bushels ; and of turnips. 85,859,381 busbels. The area under meadow and clover was 1,835,890 acres, and the produce 2,090,6*^6 tons, being an average of only 1.14 tons per acre. The damage done to clover by winter exposure and spring frosts accounts for this poor result. Orchard and garden embrace an area of 213,846 acres, and vineyard 2,098 acres. The returns for the latter are doubtless imperfect. " The tables of live stock show that the number of farm horses in the Province on the Slst of May was 603,604 ; of cattle, 1,586,812 ; of sheep, 1,915,303; of hogs, 860,226; and of poultry, 5,352,120. The number of milch cows was 669,629, and of thoroughbred cattle, 23,629; the returns of the latter, however, were incomplete. Of sheep one year and over 933,143 were returned as coarse- wooUed, and 178,299 as fine- wpolled ; the average weight per fleece of coarse wool was 6.19 lbs., and of fine wool 6.07 lbs. The number of hogs one year and over was 252,415, and under one year 697,811. The number of turkeys was 810,068: of geese, 633,367 ; and of other fowls, 4,608,706." (From the Stockport *' Advertiser" of Nov. 17tht 1882.) LECTURE BY DR. MAOGRBGOR. On Monday night Dr. Macgregor addressed a crowded audience in the large room of the school on "Through Canada and the Great North* West, with the Marquis of Lome." The chair was occupied by the Mayor (Mr. James Leigh). Dr. Macgregor, who w&vs received with hearty applause, said that a year last June, when sitting at Lambeth with the Venerable Arch- bishop of CaLJerbury, he r/ot a cablegram from His Excellency the Governor-General of Canada, " Are yon coming ? " It did not take him long to consider the answer which he should give to ..he message, and that answer was the word "Yes/' He must admit that he had an idea of what the "Are you coming ? " meant. The journey he performed with the Marquis of Lome and others by railroad and water was no less than a journey of 8,054 miles, and truly it was an interesting journey. While sitting recently at the residence of the Mayor, with Mr. Shaw, the American Consul at Manchester, they were talking about Canada, and Mr. Shaw took the opportunity to remark that one day or othev Canada would be annexed to the United States. He at once said that he did not belieye it; and supposing that it ever came to pass, the position would be reversed — the United States would have to be annexed ' to Canada — which was much bigger than the United States. But this was all by the way. He would now come to the lecture, and how should he begin? He might commence with the voyage from Liverpool to Quebec, in that magnificent line of steamers — the Allan ; — or he might start with Quebec, French in look, French in language, and French in smell ;-^or he might begin at Nova Scotia. For his purpose that night he would start at Nova Scotia, and, as he intended the address to be of a practical and useful character, he should not aim at anything of a specially descriptive character. Dr. Macgpregor then dwelt ol the beauty of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, remarking incidentally that one of the great objects of His Excellency the Governor-General was to see with his own eyes what the Great North-West really was. ^ .In this journey they sailed over the great inland seas, and sometimes had an Indian Pow Wow, composed of 3,000 persons. He should speak of 83 the land as a place for emigration, and as offering advantagea to the hard-working man. Throughout the journey tea was the chief drink. Tea morning, afternoon, and evening ; in fact, they drank oceans of tea. Dr. Macgregor referred in graphic language to the incidents of a three days' sail in Indian canoes over the Central Lakes, and the arrival of the party at Winnipeg, the young capital of Manitoba. The portion of the journey then traversed was 2,500 miles, and yet, in a sense, they were only at the commencomcnt. He had been asked by a lady what struck him most in his Canadian tour, and the answer he made was that so splendid and so fertile a country should have remained so long unknown to the world. That stuck in ^is gizzard all the while he was travelling in the country. They wore, however, not going to abuse the old maxim, De mortuis nil nisi honum. If another lady had asked him what was the next thing he was struck with in that journey, he should have answered the magnificent distances. For 2,600 miles from one point to near Winnipeg it was everlasting forest, and then 1,000 miles of everlasting grass, and then for 400 miles, on to the Pacific Ocean, it was everlasting hills. Dwelling on the water system, he said that when certain water-ways were constructed, steamers would be able to leave Liverpool and sail right on without breaking bulk, to Lake Superior and the very heart of the American Continent. Here was Winnipeg, a place that was a desert a few years ago, which in this blessed year of 1882 had unbroken steam communication of 1,500 miles. They could sail from Winnipeg to the heart of the Continent for 1,500 miles. Such was a little of the water communication of Canada. In alluding to the soil, climate, and general character of the North-West Territory, he said that it seemed certain that at no distant day a greater portion of ther district would be the granary of the world, and the future home of many of the human race. Manitoba had 2,500,000 square miles, and 200,000,000 acres of fertile land. If there were any farmers present, that statement would have special interest for them. As an idea of the magnificent distances he might mention that on one occasion he saw a driver of a team starting on a journey, and on being asked how long it would take, he replied, ** Oh, three or four months." Of the amazing fertility of ]Manitoba, and the country to the west, there was no more doubt than it could be doubted that he was addressing a Stockport audicDce; and as an instance of how the population was fast settling in that rej,non, ho might mention that recently he had received a letter from His Excellency the Governor-General of Canada, stating that since the visit of which he now spoke had been made, over 80,000 people had settled there. It was worth notice that the first so'.ilers were Cunadiiuis, of whom there had been a rush to Manitoba, and there was not one of them who had expressed, so far as he could tell, his regret at having left Ontario for the measureless meadows of Manitoba. On the contrary, considerable satisfaction was expressed at the change they had made, and loud were their praises of the land and its fertility. Here the lecturer read some extracts from letters contributed to the Scotsman of the general character of the district, and then went on to remark that the thought which struck him on visiting the spot was, why should not this land bo known, vowing that if God spared him, he would let it be known wherever his voice could be heard. Why should the poor farmer be ground down in this country with his wretched soil, when he coald better his position by sailing for the great North- West? There wai !l 84 nothing between them but a little strip of water, and he pooh-poohed the idea that there was any great danger in crossing the Atlantic. As for himself, when he arrived at Liverpool from Canada, he really wished that he could go back again. After quoting from Uarper 8 Magazine and the Scotsman, statistics showing tho enormous yield of wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, &c., per acre, as compared with tho yield of other soils, he said that there was no doubt that the amazing fertility of tho North- West was duo to the fact of the frost penetrating to such »reat depth. As to the soil itself, it was a black stuff, and when wot was heavy, and something like tar. Another item for farmers. In Winnipeg ho had seen a field on which wheat had been grown without manure for 50 years. There was no manure put near it ; it was lying in tho roads. Perhaps it was only fair to add that it was allowed to lio fallow every seven years, but still the fact remained that for 50 years no manure had been used. As to the climate, perhaps tho impressions and the experiences of a traveller like himself were of little value. Ho was in the country at the best season of the year, and in the most favourable circumstances, of course. But allow him to say that never since he came into this planet, and he had ti'avelled a great deal, had be enjoyed so long an unbroken period of glorious weather as ho did in the North-Wcst. Ho had never experienced such delightful weather. Of tho winter he knew nothing, and there was no doubt that it was very severe. There must be no blinking that fact ; on the other band, the evidence of some of the settlers was that they preferred tho winter climate of Manitoba to the v/inter climate of Ontario. It was the health of the people that they had to look at, and the evidence on this point was that the climate was particularly suited to tho Anglo-Saxon race. There was no doubt of the fact that tho climate generally of Canada was more suited to Anglo-Saxon constitution than any other. They did not get that dry herring look of the Yankee. The men and women were red, fat, and rosy, just as they were in Stockport, and that was saying a great deal. When he saw a thorough American he always thought that there was a tendency to resume the Red Indian typo. (Laughter and applause.) But to come to the practical point of tho address, the real question was, how was the poor man to get to this favoured land ? The question was a very serious one, and in speaking to them that night, ho was not doing so as tho agent for the Dominion, or on behalf of any emigration society, from whom ho would perhaps get more kicks than halfpence; his sole desire was to point others to that which he had seen with his own eyes. Any man or woman could go from Liverpool to Winnipeg, at tho present time, at from £9 63. to £10 6s., and he would here distinctly say that those who have not pluck, and who were not prepared to stand tho hardships — and there were hardships at the outset — had better stay at homo. He uid not undertake to advise anyone to go out — he was not prepared to take tho responsibilities of any advice tendered on the matter, w In all the applications made to him he generally said, "Please yourself; what I say is this — I have seen the land, and it is there for nothing ; rich soil is there, and the man who is to sow it will make a rich harvest." That really was all he said ; he wished every man to do the best for himself. The best classes to go out were the young, and those in the prime of life, who had been used to agriculture. Female domestic servants were much in demand, and he saw that there "was a company started in RO -poohed Atlantic, e really Harper's yield of :ho yield fertility ; to such rhcn wot jrs. In , without lying in ed to lie years no jions and Ho was ;ho most iiat never 1, had he ho did in weather, it it was ler hand, he winter ,be health this point ixon race. )f Canada They did id women that was le always ian typo, nt of tlio }t to this »eaking to -linion, or jrhaps get rs to that could go £9 63. to hnve not and there e liid not tako the In all the f ; what I rich soil it." That ir himself, me of life, ants were itarted in 35 Vianitoba to protect females going out. In a short time a complete Burvoy wonld he made, and that wonld be of immense advantage to settlors. Instances of the laying out of townships were illustrated by the lecturer by maps. Manitoba, he said, boasted a school system aa good aa Ontario, which boasted that it beat the world — (laughter) — BO that the future settlers need have no fear for the education of their children. Tho largest owner of land was the Government. Every head of a family, male or female, could obtain a free grant of a quarter Bection, and thus become the owner of 160 acres, and all that at the cost of the registration fee — about £2. Anyone getting these 160 acres had the first chance of the next section, for which he paid 8s. or IDs. »n acre, according to the position of it, and the sum in question was to be paid at the end of three years from tho day of entry. He thought he had kept the audience quite long enough, with the facts he had given them. There was only one other thing, and it was this — there wore many people in the country who wore ]>recluded from taking advantage of the opportunities afforded, bocai^.se they were unable to pay the money for emigration. What the land needed was sober and indus- trious hoada of households; and he well knew that the home and the •ssociation of people often prevented many from taking the journey they otherwise would do. What ho would do, would be to get people to go Crom certain districts here to certain districts there, and in this way they could keep up the old home conditions and associations. That eould only be done by colonizing companies, and they would ) enefit old England and Canada as well. (Applause.) The Chairman said that he wns sure that they had aii enjoyed the lecture, and their thanks were due to Mr. Bay ley and Mr. Peter Walker for getting the lecturer down to Stockport. He must say that the lecture had been very tantalising to him. (Laughter.) Dr. Macgregor had pair^cd a glorious picture, and had given them visions of beauty which they would dream about. Still it would be only a dream, and on the morrow they would have again to turn to the stern realities of the life they were tied to in Stockport. They were ti7ing to make the town more prosperous in tho future than it had been in the past, and looking at the matter in that sense, he did not know whether Dr. Macgregor had come there as a friend or foe. (Laughter.) He did not know whether or not Dr. T^lacgregor had some grand scheme by which he wonld take them all over to this beautiful place, but if he had, perhaps he would pay them a visit again and develope the scheme. (Laughter.) Mr. Bayley said that after the lecture they had heard that night, and the very able service rendered to the town, he was sure that the audience would pass a hearty vote of thanks to Dr. Macgregor. (Hear, hear.) Mr. W. Leigh, in seconding the resolution, said that they were not all formers and domestic servants, but he hoped that the beautiful picture which had been drawn would not have the effect of emptying the town so much dreaded by the Mayor. (Laughter.) Mr. Heginbotham could not approve of all said by the lecturer. It might suit°the young to go to Canada, which he believed was one of the finest climates in the world ; but he thought that it would hardly suit them on that platform to go across the ocean and enjoy the beautiful ttungs which the doctor had foreshadowed. (Hear, hear.) The resolution was passed with hearty acclamation. Dr. Macgregor, in replying to the vote, said that he was exceedingly i:'l I' r I 36 indebted to the Mayor and the other gentlemen there for taking part in the vote of thanks, and to the ladies and gentlemen of the audience for BO heartily according them. If they thought that he had been blowing the trumpet of Canada loudly, he could only say that when he got back to Edinburgh he should blow the trumpet of Stockport just aa loudly. (Hear, hoar.) He had only one grievance — gentlemen on thft platform seemed to indicate that he was trying to coax those on thtt platform to go out to Canada. Now, if they had been listening aa attentively as the audience, they would have found that they were jufll the class he advised to stay at home. (Roars of laughter.) The Chairman : Dr. Macgregor has got out of the scrape with the usual adroitness of a Scotchman. (Laughter.) The lecture, which was delivered in a telling, pleasing style, proved most entertaining, as well as interesting, and was listened to with close attention. CEOPS IN MANITOBA. The Crop Report for 1882 ht-s just come to hand of a portion of Manitoba and the adjoining territories of the Canadian North- West, from information collected principally by the postmasters of the various localities. 84 districts are represented, eomprising about one-fourth the whole area of settlement at the present time, and the information it con- tains is therefore important as demonstrating the wonderful progress of this country, which, until lately, has remained almost unknown to British agriculturists. The average yield is shown to be — wheat, 30 bushels to the acre ; oats, 61^ ; barley, 38| ; potatoes, 277^ ; turnips, 1,000 ; flax, 15 ; rye, 20 ; peas, 37. The acreage under cultivation in the 84 districts represented is 472,770 acres, divided as follows : — 232,550 acres, producing 6,976,500 bushels. Wheat ■ • « 232,550 Oats, • • • 144,620 Barley • •f 63,890 Flax • •• 11,800 Rye • •t 8,020 Peas • • • 400 Roots • t • 22,665 )> »» ft >» l> It 11 >» 7,447,930 2,074,765 177,000 160,400 14,800 n 11 II II 11 Total yield of grain from 450,206 acres, 16,861,395 bushels. Within the same area of country the report shows 146,335 acres as freshly broken ready for seeding next spring, which proves that the new settlers have not been idle in their Canadian home. The average number of cattle to each settler in several districts is estimated at over thirty head. Altogether the report is a most satisfactory one, and bespeaks a general state of contentment and prosperity amongst the settlers. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company have now completed their main line, some 606 miles beyond Winnipeg, and 114 miles on their south-western branch ; and next season they will have upwards of 1,000 miles of road through this fine country, thus giving the settlert ready communication with the eastern markets. Altogether the Cana* dian Pacific Railway will have about 2,000 miles of railway in operation along their whole line by next autumn. From the DUBLIN DAILY EXPRESS of Nov. the Ist, 1882. BiiANDON, Manitoba, October 11th, 1882. Dear Sir, — I desire to inform you that I have located on a farm of 640 acres, 2^ miles soulh of Brandon, 400 acres of which I have had under g part in Hence for i blowing in he got 't just a& u ou thft ise on the bening Ml were juBl I with th6 e, proved . to with lortion of L-th-West, le various fourth the n it con- rogress of known to wheat, 30 ; turnips, ivatiou in ^s: — Is. els. acres as 9 that the 16 average id at over one, and Longst the completed t miles on upwards 16 settlers the Cana> operation 1882. , 1882. ,rm of 640 had under 37 cultivation this season. I arrived at the town site of Brandon on the 28th of May, 1881, and commenced to break my land on the 6th of June, doing the most part of the work by contract, paying 4 dels, per acre for breaking, and 3 dols. 60c. for back-setting. This, as you know, left it ready for the harrow. I sowed 350 acres of oats, 20 acres of wheat — the balance in roo*s and other crops. I commenced to sow on the 6th of May, and commenced to cut my wheat on the 26th of August, going on until the whole of my wheat and oats were cut — this season being late, as you see from the time I commenced to sow and cut. Seeding time usually begins about the 10th of April, and harvest from the 1st to the 19th of August. I have to now thrashed about 14,000 bushels of oats, and find the yield 68 bushels per acre. The wheat will yield 30 bushels per acre. These are actual figures and not got up. Oats sell very readily at 50 cents per bushel. You can see from this that I will have my entire expenditure returned, with 100 per cent., by the first crop, so that I am not farming for fun, but to make money, and I think I am succeeding. There is no difficulty in a man farming here if he has ordinary energy and intelligence. A good stock of the former is even better, in my opinion, than an overstock of capital. Many young men from towns and cities that have come out this season with a little money appear anxious to learn farming, as they call it, and give some of our cunning ones from 400 dols. to 600 dols. and their labour for one year to teach them nothing, as you know already. Any of the above classes that have come to me I have advised to go on to their land and work, and if they had no confidence in themselves, to go and hire for moderate wages for a year with some good farmer, and keep their money. N^ow as to the price of labour : it was pretty high when you were here, but it is higher now. When I commenced seeding I hired my men at 26 dols. and board per month for the season, excepting the harvest month, for which I paid them thirty dollars each. Extra men for the harvest I paid two dollars per day with board. The men that I have now at work thrashing I am paying 2 dols. 50c. and board. This of itself will explain to you the demand for labour. My root crop is still in the ground for want of labour, notwithstanding the above high rates. The labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railroad work get 2 dols. 25c. find even liigher. There is a good deal of work done on the streets of Brandon, at which labourers are getting 2 dols. 50c. to 2 dols. 75c., and their board only costs them from 4 dols. 50c. to 5 dols. 50c. a week. Oarpenters are getting from 3 dols. U) 4 dols. a day, and you have to take off your hat to get them at that. You cannot imagine the hurry «nd bustle there is in this country compared to what there had been when you were here. We have the country beyond a doubt ; all we want is a good class of emigrants ; we cannot have an over stock of fitfmers, farm labourers, and mechanics. Yours truly, Charles Whitehead. From the DUBLIN DAILY EXPRESS, of November 6th, 1882. Trot, North- West Territory, Canada, October 16th, 1882. Dear Sir, — When leaving Dublin I promised to write to you, so I now propose giving you an account of myself since I left the "Old Sod," which I think is the best way to describe my progress. I arrived in Winnipeg, July, 1881, with only one sovereign in my possession, and I II 88 immediately went to Mr. Hespler, the Canadian Government Agent, whom I found a very nice man indeed. He eent me out 50 miles from Winnipeg, to a farm, where I buckled to work. After being there a short time I started for the North -West Territory with a party of four, when, after travelling twenty-six days, we settled down here. At that time, September, 1881, there was not a soul nearer than Qu'Appelle — just twenty miles; at the present time the land is taken up for miles and miles around us. It is really marvellous the rapidity with which the Canadian Pacific Railway is being built — nearly four miles a day. It passes beside where I live, and the journey that took us twenty-six days last fall can now be accomplished in twelve hours. I have a quarter of a section of land (160 acres) within half-a-mile of the railroad, and I have a house built upon it and some ploughing done. Of course the first year one cannot expect to have much, but next year I hope to have a good «rop. If I had some capital I should have had a fine crop this year, but I have been obliged to work out for some time. However, I have not been idle, as you will see from the enclosed advertisement. I own an hotel in the town, and I am now ray own master. I will be able to hire a man next year, when I hope to have good crops and a new house built on my land. The soil is all that can be desired for farming, and some of the crops that I have seen up here far excel any that I have ever seen before ; one crop of oats I saw in the Qu' Appello Valley was really a picture to look at ; in fact, all grain crops ripen well, and vegetables grow in the greatest abundance. I am really very happy out here ; I assure yoa I would not take £500 a year and go back to work in an office in Dublin. The climate is really splendid ; of course it is a little severe in winter, but the atraosphore is clear and bracing, and on the whole, I am really delighted with the change X have made. I want one thing more now, that is a wife, and I am determined to have one soon; I ihink I have liveti alone long enough, and that it is time I settled down now. In a few years I hope to be able to take a trip for pleasure to the " old country." At present there is not much inducement to visit poor Ireland. I wonder more do not emigrate when such chances are before them out here. No person can be much worse off than I was when I landed in Winnipeg, so it clearly shows that something can be done without capital. If you know any people coming this way you might give them a letter to me, and I will give them all the information in my power. This will be a large town, and the lumber has just arrived for an emigrant dep6t, which is to be built at once. No doubt you will have plenty of people coming up here next spring. Let them ask for me, I am pretty well known, as I am tho oldest settler in the place. Yours very truly, A. W. Studdert. (Copy.) Kenniluk, Arden p. O., Frontenac, Co. Ontario, Mr. H. Bate, Stoke-on-Trent. September 21st, 1882. Dear Sir, — As I promised to write to yon I must fulfil my promise. I arrived at Point Levi, Quebec, and had not been landed ten minutes before I got work at 2 dollars per day and a pass up to my work. We could do with 200 men now at one firm, and about two miles from here there are about 400 men wanted, and 150 at another place near to. Men have not got to a«k for work here, they are jolly soon asked if thoy 39 want work. Where I am it is a beaatifol country, we can go out on the lakes and fish, or go out hunting where we like without trespassiugb There's any quantity of deer, and you can shoot as many as you like. I should like to say more, but my time is precious, having so many to write to. If you have anyone coming out send them here. By applying to the Government Emigration Officer, at Quebec, he will send them up to Kingston, which is about fifty miles from here. The " Polynesian ■• (Allan Line) is a good boat ; we had it rough for a few days, the remainder of the voyage was very pleasant. I must say good-bye. With kind regards, Yours truly, (Signed) J. Taylor Passwood* From the OXFORD TIMES, Saturday, November 18th, 1882. An Oxford Man in Western Canada. We have received the following letter from Mr. Hoare, who sailed from Oxford for America in the Allan Line Boyal Mail Steamer "Polyneeianf** in July last. Trenton, Ontario, Canada West. Dear Mr. Editor, — Being a native of Oxford, will you kindly allow me a small space in your columns, thinking it may be of some good to other intending emigrants, knowing that work is very scarce in Oxford, and there are many that would come to Canada only for the want of knowinpT if reports are correct. I will give you a little account of what I have lound and experienced about it during the short time I have been here. Firstly, there is plenty of work and good wages ; I can earn, as ^ labourer in a saw mill, from nine to ten dollars per week, £2 in English money. We can live cheaper — meat, the best, from nine to ten cents per pound (4!^d. to 5d.). Clothing about the same as at home ; any careful man can save from five dollars a week, and live well. The people are very sociable ; wherever we have been we have met with kindness. The climate has been very warm, but we are beginning to feel a little of the winter coming on now. Labourers are about the principal men wanted out here. When we came we sailed by the Allan Line Royal Mail Steamer " x'olynesian," and we found everything as comfortable B£f one could possibly expect on board ship. Any emigrants who think of coming, I should advise to travel by that line. One word more ; all emigrants who intend coming must make up their minds to work if they wish to get on, as money is not to be picked up, as some people suppose. There are good wages, but people must make up their minds to work for them. Yours truly, Wm. H. Hoare, October 25th. Late of 81, Great Clarendon Street From the YORKSHIRE POST of December Ist, 1882. Mr. Jaques, of Thirsh, send^ for publication the following letter^ tchich he has received from an emigrant in Canada : — Tear Sir, — ^You will almost think I have forgotten yon, but it ii not the case. I wanted to be well settled down before 1 wrote to yon. Well, we were kindly treated by the railway companies* servants, and va arriving at Liverpool we were met by the agent of the Allan Ijiae, 40 il V who kindly entertained us with all we needed, and saw us safely down to the dock for a moderate charge. I am glad to say that I and my family got well over the «ea voyage. We had very little sea sickness. I was only sick half a day. My wife bore the voyage first-class ; many people said she would never get over it ; she was only delicate, but it has done her good. We were kindly treated on board the Sarma- tian. We had plenty of good beef and plum pudding. It is a splendid ehip. I felt as safe in her as though I had been at home. Nobody need be afraid of going a voyage with the Allan steamers, at least I think so. On arriving at Quebec I gave Mr. Stafford the note you gave me, and he kindly sent us on to IngersoU. On arriving the''0 I bad a chance of several places. I got engaged to a farmer for a year at 18 dollars a month, an eight-roomed brick house to live in, with a grand orchard attached. A cow was also found me, and all my fuel was found free. I think I have done well. I should never have got it in England. And then living is so cheap in Ontario — beef from 3d. to 6d. per lb,, eggs 24 for 1/-, and they say they are dear now ; butter lOd. per lb., a beast heart for 6d., a fat goose for 4/-, and furniture half the price it is in England. I like the country very well. Go far we are all in very good health. I believe this is a good country for a working man. A farmer has double chance here to what he has in England. We have some first-class land, and light taxes and free schools. This is a good thing for a labourer with a large family. There is plenty of room in Canada for all good labourers who have a mind to corao out. Those who are afraid of work had better stay where they are, but a man can be paid for his la^^-jur here. I shall, all being well, write to you again early in the spv.^. I am much obliged to you for all your kindness to me. — Wishing you and your family well, I remain, yours truly, Henry Tomlinson. IngersoU P. 0., Ontario, Canada, late of Seaton, Sigglesthorne, rear Hull, Yorkshire. P.S. — Many of our fellow-passengers got engaged at 26/- a week And their meat, for publio works. To passengers bound to MANITOBA and the GREAT NORTH- WEST, and to all points in CANADA and the STATES, the advan- tages aff'orded by the Allan Steamship Company are worthy of ipecial considerntion. Passengers, after leaving the Company's steamer, are put directly on board the cars in waiting alongside the wharf at which the steamer makes fast. They proceed on their journey West without being ■ubjected to the trying ordeal of a transfer through the city. Those destined for the West or for MANITOBA have the advantage of a Special Conductor, who sees to their wants during the Rail journey. Special Through Bates are granted to Olanitoba, and Eziigrants are carried at aa low rates as by any Line croisin^ the Atlantic, The Company is uncle.' Ccntract with the Canadian Oovemment for the conveyance of the Mails, and also for the conveyance of Assisted Passengers. J (^ For Rates, see Advertisement on the Cover. Qo^iet of this pamphlet can ho obtained free of charge from the Allan Steamship Company, or any of its Agents. >ly down and my sickness, st-class ; delicate, I Sarma- splendid Nobody least I 'ou gave I bad a year at with a my fuel •e got it I 3d. to ter lOd. aalf the we are vorking ngland. This is lenty of 3 corao ire, but vrite to ill your I, youra [LINSON. I week •RTH- advan- •thy of :eamer, i which t being Those geofa )urney. carried for the iaaisted om th§ ALLAN LINE ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. THE SHOUT E0T7TE FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO CANADA, MANITOBA, AND THE GREAT NORTH-WEST. Hi I ■ 1 ! ; t M l:« Passengers bound to any part of CANADA or the GREAT CANADIAN NORTH-WEST ■hould, in the first place, take eare to secure th'^ir Passage in a Steamer bound direct for. QUEBEC Ok HALIFAX. THE ALLAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY la under Contract with the Government of Canada for conveyance of the Mails between the two Countries. The Splendid Steamers of this Line LEAVE LIVERPOOL TWICE A-WEEK, and afford the most eligible conveyance for all classes of Passengers at as Low Rates as by any first-class Line crossing the Atlantic. The voyage to Quebec has distinguished recommondntions as compared with other routes to the American Continent. From land to land the average passage is not more than six days. Once within the Straits of Belle Isle, ocean travelling is over, and for hundre '' : of miles the steamer proceeds, first tlirough the Gulf, and then through the magnificent River St. Lawrence. This is an immense advantage. The steamers are commanded by navigator* of acknowledged ability, who have by long and faithful service proved themselves worthy of the confidence and esteem of their employers, and they are assisted in the navigation of their ships by thoroughly trained and experienced ofliccrs. SALOON PARB3-12, 16, and 18 Guineas; by *' Parisian," 15 to 21 Guineas. INTERMEDIATE, £8. STEERAGE, at low rates. iS'Assisted Ocean Passag-es are Granted to Canada by the Mail Steamers on the following' terms:— MECHANICS, NAVVIES, GENERAL LABOURERS, and their Families,. at £4 per Adult. AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, and their Families, and FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS, at £3 per Adult. Children between I and 12 Years, £2; Infants under One Year, IDs. fS" Application for Assisted Passages must he made vjirn the Special Form* Tt'Aio* are provided for tJie pi(7'pose. Further FarticnlAra can be ohlnined from ALLAN BROTHERS & CO., James Street, Liverpool. ALL.4N BROTHERS & CO., Foyle Street, Londonderry. J. & A. ALLAN, 70, Great Clyde Street, Glasgow. JAMES SCOTT & CO., Queenstown. OR ANY AUTHORISED AGENT OF THE LINE. IRS v[ r\| I-WEST Irectfor. Y between TWICE ;rs at as bestotha '8. Once I steamer 'his is an long and yers, and (tficcrs. 15 to rates. / the milies,. MALE I OS. t n'hiek ^vy.