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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
3 7 ■) '1 
 
 
 Labor and Capital; 
 
 / 
 
 HOW TO UNITE THEM 
 
 AND 
 
 PRODUCE UNIVERSAL INDUSTRY AND 
 
 PROSPERITY. 
 
 Addressed to the Dominion and Frovindal Governments, 
 to Capitalists, and to Workingmm. 
 
 Uy f. p. mackelcan, c.e. 
 
 MONTREAL: 
 
 PRINTED AT TIIK (.JAZKTTK PRINTING HOUSE, NKARLY OUPOSITK THE POST OKHCH. 
 
 1872. 
 
mm 
 
 f^l 
 
 /ji 
 
 m\ 
 
i 
 
 •f 
 
 TAf following pages have been submitted to the gefitlemen whose names 
 appear below, and the writer is permitted to say that they regard 
 the subject as 07ic of the highest importance, and 7vell worthy the 
 attention of the Dominion and Provincial Governments • 
 
 Chas. J. CouRSOL. Mayor of Montreal. 
 
 W. C. MuNDKRLOP, Consul for North Germany. 
 
 ErwARD ScHULTZE, Consul for Austria and Hungary. 
 
 J. ¥. Wui.FK, Consul for Denmark, and acting for Not way and Sweden. 
 
 The German Society of Montreal. 
 
 Nathan Mercer, Vice-President of St. George's Society 
 
 Chas. Geddes, President of the City Passenger Railway Company. 
 
 N. B. Corse, President of Mechanic's Institute. 
 
 J. Baylis, Chairman of Employment Committee of Y. M. C. A 
 
 Jas. Hedley, Mercantile Agency. 
 
 Jas. Coristine & Co., Fur Traders and Manufacturers. 
 
 Geo. E. Df.sparats, Publisher of Canadian Illustraied News, &c., Ac- 
 
 E. \\. GiLBER'l', Marine Engine Works. 
 
 Henry M irgan, Dry Goods Merchant. 
 
 W. Evans, Agritultuvai Implements and Seed Merchant. 
 
 • ' ( 
 
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 • •• • 
 
/ 
 
 Labor and Capital; 
 
 i 
 
 HOW TO UNITE THEM 
 
 / 
 
 4 
 
 AND 
 
 PRODUCK 
 
 UNIVERSAL INDUSTRY AND 
 PROSPERITY. 
 
 I 
 
 Addressed to the Dominion and Provincial Governments^ 
 to Capitalists^ and to Workingmen. 
 
 By F. r. MACKELCAX, C.E 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 
 PHINTKO AT Till . VZIlTTK rl-;I.\TING HOUSE, NKAKLY OKPUSITE THE VO^\ OKFItK. 
 
 1872. 
 

 I 
 
 3*: 
 
LABOR AND CAPITAL; 
 
 HOW TO UNITE TKEM. 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 1* 
 
 •ft 
 
 I 
 
 In a population like thnt of C mid.i, which is continually added to by 
 
 immigration, it is very difficult to find employment for every one.unleps 
 
 Bome system be invented by which that object may bo accomplished. 
 
 There is denmnd undoubtedly, for it would require thousanJs to 
 
 fill up our wants in agriculture alone, and thousands more miixht be 
 
 scattered among our many departments of manufaetijr.n<r industry. 
 
 All cannot rush into < nc calling like that of agriculture. Kvur) man 
 
 has some (jualificitions which are his best and highest, which are most 
 
 useful to othtrs and coni-e<iUently most productive of general binefit. 
 
 It is sunly an eiror for a man to be toiling at things in wliicii lie h is 
 
 acquired no skill, although he may be ever so willing. This aypies to 
 
 all, whether they be newly arrived or are part of ourselves who arc 
 
 rchident here. 
 
 It is true that peop'e often emigrate with the feeling that all old 
 habits must be abandoned, and that they are going to a new country to 
 work at whatever may be required ; they are willing in f ict to njake raw 
 material of themselves to be re-shaped and re fitted to new circum- 
 stances. But this enthusiasm to do avyhing is a mistake, and is soon 
 damped by the discovery thit this country is only a repetition in most 
 things of what they have left behind. They find tr.ide, and niinufac- 
 ture-', and navigation, and agriculture, in fact nearly all the dt'purtinents 
 of industry in full work; and they discover too that specific (jualifica- 
 tions are recjuircd here as much as at homo. Titis is the fir.^t shock to 
 their prc-conceptions of Canada, and the next is that tl ey have to seek 
 employment as they have been accustomed to do in Englnul, and in 
 some departments of industry in the midst of competition that they 
 little dreamed of; and all this dilKculty iirises because we have no 
 oriranized system of bringing capital and industry into contact with 
 each other. 
 
 The truth becomes gradually evident that although this country is 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 more recently inhabited than Great Britain, it is working after the same 
 pattern, and the newness is only to be seen in the wilderness which we still 
 possess, in the imperfect agriculture, in the undeveloped mines, and the 
 slight knowledge that many possess of the country that is to be tnuir 
 future home. The chief subject of anxiety that presses upon the new 
 cjmcrs is that of their own prospects, all however, that thty can di.»cern 
 is an Immigration Agent, and Immigration Societies, ready to jilant 
 them on wild land, or amongst the iarmers ; and minor places of infor- 
 mation and aid, that arc themselves institutions of benevolence or even 
 of charity. This to the new population flowing in is a cause of deep, 
 if not lasting, anxiety. They have heard tliat they were wanted, that 
 there was room for them, nay more, that prosperity awaited them, but 
 the exact opening for the individual, who is all the world to himself, is 
 not so easily seen. 
 
 Now the truth is, all the while, that employers cxi-st here in abun- 
 dance, farmers are restrained from cultivating the lands tliey possess for 
 want of able and willing hands, and in almost all departments of 
 industry commonly found in cities there is I'oom for more, and many 
 manufactures wouli s; ring up and flourish if tlic qualiticd skill could 
 be found. The two great clasjcs, the empl"yer and the worker, the two 
 great elements, capital and labor, are side by side, but thoy so exist as 
 masses and in that state cannot combine; there is a process required 
 of dividing and sorting and distributing ; the ironlbunder who needs 
 moulilers cannot in their place receive dry-goods clerks or printers, nor 
 can the proprietor of a newspaper, who requires compositors, accept a 
 ploughman or a shepherd, nor the farmer thrive with the aid of working 
 jewellers and cotton spinners. Political economists write about supply 
 and demand adjusting each other mutually, as though such things were 
 fluid, and by some law of nature flowed together and became level. 
 Thi« doctrine will only be realised as a truth when the supply ; ud 
 demand become cognizant of each other, not in mass but in minute 
 detail, for thus and thus only do they ever flow together and neutrally j 
 and satisfy each other, and to accomplish this great result is the objcc ■- 
 we have in view. 
 
 The ease is very difterent in all matters of trade and commerce, thoy 
 have I ad their organizations as far back as the light of history shines 
 even dimly, always seeking to expose supply and invite demand. In 
 the first place our towns and cities are themselves treat hi>-es aaa 
 
 

 •^ 
 
 the same 
 'h. wc still 
 5, and the 
 
 be their 
 1 the new 
 in dij-ccrn 
 
 to phint 
 
 ot* iiifor- 
 ;c or even 
 
 of deep, 
 iiteu, that 
 :heui, but 
 liuiPcU", is 
 
 i in abun- 
 )08scss for 
 inents of 
 ind many 
 ikiil could 
 tr, the two 
 ;o exist as 
 5 required 
 who needs 
 inters, nor 
 , accept a 
 )f working 
 lut supply 
 lings were 
 ;inie level, 
 upply ; ud 
 in minute 
 neutrali? J 
 the objec . 
 
 lereo, thoy 
 
 ory sliines 
 
 inand. [n 
 
 hives ana 
 
 marts fur njann^'actnrc.s and conuneic^, and the purchaser of goods 
 rc-orts to llicin as saoh. There wj have special s^trects, some almost 
 wholly devoted to wholesale trade, ::ncJ others equally full of retail 
 stores, hence it is easy to enter the very heart of trade without m.iking 
 one false stop or losing one moment uf time. Further than this all 
 our L^oods are sorted into ditTeront classes such as hardware, groceries, 
 dry goo'Js, &.C.. and some of these sub-divided as hosiery, carpet stores, 
 and .'^o 01) as departments and specialities in woven fibries. Besides, 
 every store has not only a signboard but a display of samples in its 
 windows, so that those who cannot read may titid them with case. 
 Evi \ in the interior there are fillings arranged to keep all in order, 
 and every itidividuai article is in its p.ropor class or pack ige. All this 
 is done to f'aeilitate lr;ide, and no one rcnnains unsatisfied, whatever may 
 be his wants, if supply exists at all. 
 
 Si)v; we are not buyers and .'el'ers of goods only, for every man who 
 lives by his own industry sells his skill and labor to others who pur- 
 chase it because they rued it. When we speak of labor in this seni-e it 
 does not mean mere hard work, for all professional men, however varied 
 and valuable their attainments, sell their services to others and receive 
 compensation for the sume. The manager of a bank, the chief engineer 
 of a railway, or the prinei] d of a university are in the same category 
 as the weaver, the blaeksuiith, the sailor or the navvy. 
 
 Goods may be placed in warehouses and stores but men cannot be 
 thus dealt with, they are in their homes or moving around as livirig 
 beings must, I ut they may be represented in witing, and iVom that may 
 he approached personally when they desire to meet each other. If wc 
 could see in classified form all the skilled labor of a Province, presenting 
 itself to purchasers, it would be the same as 'classified goods; and 
 further, if we could see both the supply and the iemand side by side, 
 not in mass but in its ultimate sub-divisions, we should have a view uf 
 our whole industry nationally, and could perceive in what wc were 
 lacking, and in what there was superabundance like the dead stock in 
 merchandise. When suppiy and demand know of each other's exis- 
 tence and can approach directly thoy arc sure to come together, for it 
 is the desire and interest of both, but without any system for accom- 
 plishing this great object men may rub shoulders in w^dking in the 
 street and pass on, while each is anxiously trying to find the other, and 
 both would bo benefitted by the discovery. 
 
^^'p'. 
 
 The simple register office for maid servants has long since proved 
 the viilue of a system of [ilacing names and ad.lresses on rce(!V'l in an 
 cmjorium, cr ccntie, to which «'thcrs uiay resort. Thii:< practice was 
 introduced \\u\\\y years ago. and instaiitly abolished atid superccedcd all 
 otlicr mode* of seeking to bring the mistress and the maid together. 
 But tlic whole pl.m has been marred by ♦he voluntary coiupetitioi of 
 many, in>te .d of a eonccntr.jtion of all. This h the case also with 
 other plitct's or oftices where supply and demand may seek to come in 
 coiit:ict, lor we have Homes of di^ionMit nationalities, and Young Men's 
 Associations, and various clubs all njaking fractional ttt'orts, and there* 
 f irc accoinjdisliing almo-^-t r.otliing, and what is worst of all presenting no 
 Centre in any one place to which all employers could resort, no einjorium 
 Of grand reservoir of industry even i'or one city, much le>s lor a largo 
 district or a whole Province. These fractional tfforts embrace but few 
 Cillings, and their localities nrc utterly unkn(,vvn to any but tKe settled 
 iiiliabit.nis. *^cntraliz;ilio!i is absolutely necess.ry, and to en. brace all 
 kinds «f industry ojually so ; it is one of those things in wliieh compe- 
 tition i- iiiaduiissable and destructive. Like the Post Ollice it must bo 
 one machine, composed of many parts, and therefore, like it, must bo in 
 the h mds of the Govetnnjcnt. 
 
 In order to illustrate a .'system which miglit apply to a laigc area of 
 coui.try an imaginary plan is laid out over leaf containing a Ciiy, marked 
 X , and some Towns and Villages indicated by the letters ABODE 
 F G II I J. There is a Local Office in the City, and in each of the 
 Towns and Village?, and in 'he City ther*^ is also a Central OSce 
 into ;vhich ail the information is to be gathered from the L(cal 
 Offices ; there it Is to be posted or classified The Central Office is to 
 be the means not only of collecting into one centre a picture of the 
 supply and demand scattered in the Tovns and Villages, but is to 
 pcrlbrm the function of comumnicatifjg with each or all of the local 
 offioi'S so at$ to make known the supply and demand to each nther. 
 
 The registration of supply and demand is simply tike a Dr. and Ct. 
 account in a ledger, whether at the Local Office in a Village, or in the 
 Central Office in a City. The pages which follow show first the Regis- 
 ters in the Locui Officer, without tie details of names bud addresses 
 which arc not ncce^isury iu an iuustratioa. 
 
^w 
 
 ce proved 
 !()!•' I in an 
 •actice was 
 receded all 
 
 together, 
 petitio I of 
 
 aUo with 
 
 come in 
 ung Men's 
 und thcre- 
 ?scntiiig MO 
 
 cni)oriuni 
 lor a largo 
 ce but few 
 the settie-l 
 jn.briicc all 
 licli compe- 
 it must bo 
 must bo in 
 
 igc area of 
 ity, marked 
 V B C D E 
 each of the 
 ritral O^ce 
 the L(Cul 
 Office is to 
 lure of the 
 I, but is to 
 if the locul 
 other. 
 Dr. and Cr. 
 ;e, or in tho 
 ^ the Regis* 
 
 1 addresses 
 
 1 
 
 Villagn 
 E 
 
 (■ own cf ■> 
 
 1 C / 
 
 ( Town cf > 
 t CJ J 
 
 Village 
 F 
 
 Vil!ag;5 
 H 
 
 Villagu C 
 
 City 0/ X 
 
 ( C ntial "I 
 \ office cf V 
 ( Industry. J 
 
 ( Lo' al CfRce ) 
 \ of Industry. / 
 
 Village 
 
 Town of 
 A 
 
 } 
 
 { 
 
 Villag3 
 I 
 
 Town of "I 
 
 TOWN OF A 
 
 Office 
 
 OP 
 
 Indl'stkv. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 
 ■ D2MAND. 
 
 2 Watclimakcrrf 
 
 3 Sjhool tiaditrs. 
 
 2 Coppersmiths. 
 
 3 S Tvant-nun. \ 
 
 VILLAGE CF C 
 
 CfFICK of IXDl'STHY. 
 
 SUPPLY, 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Banker'.s dork. 4 Millwrights 
 6 Dry goods clerks. 2 Plumb v^. 
 
 1 Tinsmith. 
 ;1 Pant r. 
 
 2 Gardeners. 
 
 2 Chopper.?. 
 I Carpenter. 
 
 G Farm hands. 
 1 Dry goods clerk. 
 1 S.hool T aclier 
 3 Boys for Farms. 
 
 VILLAGE OF B 
 
 Office cr Industry. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DBMA.ND. 
 
 4 Farmijr's men. 
 j 3 Farm r's boys. 
 1 Blacksmith. 
 U Tanners. 
 
 TOWN OF D 
 
 Office of Ixdusthy. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DE.MA.ND. 
 
 2 Dry goods clerks 4 Mouldor«. 
 
 1 Book-keeper. 
 1 Teamster. 
 3 Masons. 
 
 1 Pattern-maker 
 3 rf rvant-men 
 
 1 Wheel-wright. 
 
 2 Gardi n rs 
 2 Ga;? titters. 
 
VILLAGE OF E 
 
 Office of Industry. 
 
 SrPPLY. 
 
 1 Photographer. 
 1 Tinsmith. 
 4 Bricklayers. 
 3 Cloth -weavors. 
 1 Metal-turner. 
 
 I)EM.\XD. 
 
 8 
 
 TOWN OF G 
 
 Office of Industry. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 2 Carpenters. 
 
 1 Book-keeper. 
 1 Blacksmith. 
 
 3 Masons. 
 
 12 Farm hands. 
 
 4 Farm boys. 
 
 I School Teacher. 
 1 Dry Goods Clerk 
 
 4 Farm boys. 
 3 Dry Goods Clks. 
 2 Storemen. 
 2 Gasfitters. 
 2 Book-keepers. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 3 Servant-men, 
 2 Carpenters. 
 
 1 Proof Reader. 
 
 2 Compositors. 
 
 5 Cheese makers. 
 2 Wool carders. 
 
 2 Moulders. 
 1 Photographer. 
 
 6 Cloth weavers. 
 
 VILLAGE OF F 
 
 Office of Ikdustby. 
 
 VILLAGE OF H 
 
 Office of Industry, 
 
 U 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 demand. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 I 17 Farm hands. 
 j 50 Navvies. 
 j 2 Teamsters. 
 I G Masons. 
 1 4 Carpenters. 
 
 1 Plumber, 
 
 2 Chopper?. 
 
 1 Teamster. 
 
 2 Cloth weavers. 
 1 Mason. 
 
 4 Farm hands. 
 2 Millwrights. 
 2 Bricklayers. 
 2 Carpenters. 
 1 Dry Goods Clerk. 
 1 School Teacher, 
 
 ■M 
 
 VILLAGE OF I 
 
 Office of Industry. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 Teamster. 
 
 DBMAND. 
 
 12 Farm hands. 
 4 Farm boys. 
 I Waggon maker 
 
 TOWN OF J 
 
 Office op Industry. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 , 1 Millwright. 
 4 Cotton spinners, 
 2 Moulders, 
 2 Book-keepers. 
 
 DEMAND, 
 
 2 Metal turtiers, 
 
 2 Brass finishers, 
 1(5 Cloth weavars. 
 
 3 Men-servants. 
 
 3 Plumbers, 
 I Moulder. 
 
 4 Carpenters, 
 
CITY OF X 
 
 Office of Industry. 
 
 RY, 
 
 EMAND. 
 
 ant-Ill en. 
 enters, 
 f Reader, 
 positors. 
 !se makers. 
 1 carders. 
 Idere. 
 ;ographer. 
 h weavers. 
 
 rRY. 
 
 3EMAKD. 
 
 m bands. 
 
 hvrights. 
 
 ^klayers. 
 
 pentera. 
 
 r Goods Clerk. 
 
 lool Teacher. 
 
 STRY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 [etal turners. 
 
 irass finishers, 
 
 lloth weavars. 
 
 len-servantB. 
 
 'lumbers. 
 
 foulder. 
 
 Carpenters. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 IG Drygood.s rlks.i 3 Blacksmiths. 
 V Book-keeper.s. j 8 Servant-men. 
 
 L' Carpenters. 
 ?, Bricklayers. 
 4 Navvies. 
 :j Servant-men. 
 
 1 Tinsmith. 
 
 :i Coppersmitlis. 
 
 2 Stor.men. 
 
 4 School teachers! 
 4 Wagon build's i 
 
 It umst be obvious to the 
 reader that only a few out of 
 the maDy occupations in life are 
 represented in the lae^t few pages. 
 To give an example of a sys- 
 tem is all that is intended, and 
 not a complete list of trades, 
 which would contain several 
 hundreds of difl'erent pursuits. 
 The information in the Local 
 (Jfliccs would serve to adjust 
 the supply and demand in the 
 localiiv, so far as the items of 
 supply met and satisfied the 
 items of demand, and in this 
 way would always be of constant 
 value. Not only in our thriving 
 towns are people unknown to 
 each other who would become 
 buyers and sellers of \-d\jov if 
 they met, but even in villages this is the case. 
 
 The lojal office in a city would in this way be very largely used as 
 all would resort to it as a centre in which supply and demand would 
 meet in a classified form. The advantage of one large office under the 
 Government would soon be I'elt, for it would be the one point only to 
 which employers would go, wliile now, in this City of Montreal, for 
 example, there may be twenty or thirty or more places, all trying to act 
 as centres for some class of industry. The little hope that exists of 
 accomplishing anything material at those small centres deprives them 
 both of spirit and system. 
 
 We have now to look at the same items in a classified form in the 
 Central <)ffice. Of course it must be understood that a very small 
 sample is given under each heading as posted from the previous entries 
 in the City of X. and the towns and villages. The headings of trades, such 
 as bank clerks, book-keepers, and so on, would in reality, in the Central 
 office, be titles of separate books, each devoted to a trade, and these 
 books would be ranged in al'^)habetical order, with the name of the trade 
 on the cover and back, so as to be convenient for reference. 
 
 4 Millwrights. 
 
 (j Moulders. 
 12 Cotton spinners 
 
 4 Plumbers. 
 
 <J iMctal turners. 
 20 Masons. 
 
 2 Book-keepers. 
 
 1 Bank clerk. 
 
 2 Dry goods clk^;. 
 ;j Gas-titters. 
 
 4 Coppersmiths. 
 
 1 Photographer. 
 14 Carpenters. 
 
 2 Storemen. 
 
 4 Coiiipositors. 
 
 5 Bras.s-tinishers, 
 7 Plasterers. 
 
 G Cabinetmakers. 
 4 Car'ge builders. 
 4 Painters. 
 
w r 
 
 10 
 
 ce>;tral office of iNDUsmv. 
 
 Bank Cleiks. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DKMAND. 
 
 1 Towncf A- 
 
 1 City of X 
 
 BOOKKKEPERS. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 Town of U 
 
 2 Town of G 
 
 2 'J'own of .1 I 
 
 7 City of X i 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Village rf E- 
 
 2 City of X- 
 
 M 
 
 * 
 J 
 -m 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Blacksmiths. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 ' 
 
 1 ViUngf C f B 
 
 I Villa-cofK 
 
 o City of X 
 
 Bkicklayers. 
 
 BuAss Finishers. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 
 2 Town of J — 
 6 City cf X 
 
 Cheese Ma kerb. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 demand. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 demand. 
 
 4 Village of E 
 
 3 City of X 
 
 2 Village of H- — 
 
 
 5 Town of G 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 & 
 
 \ 
 
 Village of E. 
 2 Village of H. 
 
 6 Town of O. 
 16 Town of J. 
 
 M 
 
 ii 
 
11 
 
 EMAND. 
 
 ago rf E- 
 of X- 
 
 ^8. 
 
 CENTRAL OFFICE OF J^Bl'STUY—rnvfrnueri. 
 
 Carriage Buildkhs. 
 
 Compositors. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. ]\ 
 
 ■ i 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMA.\D. 
 
 
 4 City of X. 
 
 
 2 Town rf G. 
 4 City of X. 
 
 EMAND. 
 
 n of J- 
 cf X- 
 
 EMAND. 
 
 COTTOX SpI.vXEIS. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 4 Town of J- 
 
 DKMA.VD. 
 
 12 City of X- 
 
 Dry Goods Clerks. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 G Town of A- 
 
 2 Town oi V- 
 
 3 To«n of G- 
 IG City of X- 
 
 1 Village of C- 
 1 Villaj.'c of K- 
 
 1 Village of H- 
 
 2 Ciiy of X- 
 
 n of G- 
 
 COPPERSMITHS. 
 
 Farm Men. 
 
 SMAND. 
 
 3. 
 
 EMAKD. 
 
 )wn of O. 
 )wn of J. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 2 City Of X 
 
 2 Town of A 
 
 4 City of X 
 
 . 
 
 4 Villiigj cf B — 
 
 G Villiigj ofC 
 
 12 Villa^'c of K 
 
 1 7 Village c f F 
 
 4 ViUago of H 
 
 12 Vi,lng« ( f 1 
 
 
 ... \ ' '•.' 
 
 • > • ' 
 ♦ . , 1 t 
 . . . ' , 
 
 r 
 
 -J=-=.. 
 
 :^«* 
 
 Farm'^oys. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 4 Town of G- 
 
 ■mt- 
 
 ji)II5UNh.;«. 
 
 3 Village of B — 
 
 3 Village of C j 
 
 4 Village of E 
 
 2 Village of I j 
 
 Gasfitters ' 
 
 — r-i 
 
 ^'sI;^pL•^/. 
 
 2 Town of G- 
 
 dbmand. 
 
 2 Town of D 
 
 3 City of X 
 
12 
 
 1 . 
 
 CENTRAL OFFICE OF 
 
 industry- 
 
 'Coutinued. 
 
 Gardekers. 
 
 Masons. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 i 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 
 2 Town of A 
 
 2 Town of D 
 
 i 1 Village of H — 
 
 3 Town of D 
 
 j 
 
 3 Village of E 
 
 6 Village of F 
 
 20 City of X 
 
 Metal Turners. 
 
 1 Moulders. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 supply. 
 
 1 
 
 demand. 
 
 1 Village of E 
 
 2 Town of J 
 
 6 City of X 
 
 , 2 Town of J 
 
 4 Town of D 
 
 2 Town of G 
 
 1 Town of J 
 
 6 City of X. 
 
 ■fc',- 
 
 ■| ! 
 
 ! 
 
 I ; 
 
 Millwrights. 
 
 Navvies. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 
 
 DEMAND. 1 
 
 1 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Town of J 
 
 4 Town of A ' 
 
 2 Village of H ' 
 
 4 City of X ; 
 
 i 
 
 4 City of X 
 
 50 Village of E — 
 
 Painters. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 . — • M- 
 
 .' '.I'Tcwnio^A-I — 
 . '. ''A'\Qiiiy of'X-! — 
 
 • . V ; • ' • 
 
 Photographers 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 1, Village 9fE- 
 
 '♦/ »*,- 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Town of 3 
 1 City of X 
 
 » k 
 
 « 
 
 * • ♦ 
 
 ' < It 
 
 Pattern ,'M i'K'isRS.- , • ' • 
 > » • » ft ; 
 
 l-l /—J 1_ ......s ,_ 
 
 ^i=ifc= 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 .'\ PLASTi;RERB. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Town of D. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 • 7 City of X 
 
W5 
 
 13 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 illage of E- 
 illage of F- 
 ity of X— 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 3wn of D 
 Dwn of O 
 own of J 
 ity of X. 
 
 CENTRAL OFFICE OF INDUSTRY—Conimwcrf. 
 
 Plumbers. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Village of H • 
 
 -Sr 
 
 I 
 
 2 Town of A 
 
 3 Town of J . 
 
 4 City of X ■ 
 
 School Teacheks. 
 
 SrPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 3 Town of A — 
 
 4 City of X — 
 
 1 Village of C- 
 ] Villageof E- 
 l VilhigeofH- 
 
 PBOOF Readers. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Town of G ■ 
 
 Sekvant-Men. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 3 City of X 
 
 3 Town of A 
 3 Town of D 
 3 Town of G 
 3 Town of J 
 8 City o*- X 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 Village of E — 
 
 
 lERS 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 row a 
 City 
 
 of 3 
 
 of X 
 
 ' 
 
 RS. 
 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 City 
 
 of X 
 
 # 
 
 Stohemen. i 
 
 Tinsmiths. 
 
 1 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 ! 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 1 Village of E 
 
 1 City of X 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 
 
 2 City of X 
 
 1 Town of A 
 
 f 
 
 2 City of X 
 
 Teamsters. 
 
 j Tanners. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 1 Town of D 
 
 1 VillngeofH 
 
 1 Village of I 
 
 
 
 6 Village of B 
 
 2 Village of F 
 
 Waggon 
 
 Builders. ^ Wheelwrights. 
 
 SUPPLY. 
 
 i 
 
 DEMAND. 1 SUPPLY. 
 
 il 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 4 City of X 
 
 1 Village of I i 
 
 i 
 
 1 Town of D 
 
T"^^^ 
 
 u 
 
 CE:^TRAL OrnCE of mUVST^Y-^ConUnwd, 
 
 Watchmakeus. 
 
 61TPLV. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 2 Town of A- 
 
 Wool Cardbrb. 
 
 
 SUPPLY. 1 DEMAKO. 
 
 
 2 Town 
 
 oft; 
 
 ll.iviiij; illustrattd whiit has to bo done in books, we come next to 
 Black Bo.irds which will be present in everv office open to the inspec 
 tion of the public. 'I'hese boards would be small or lar^e, few or n):iny 
 accordini; to the magnitude of the business transacted. In a village 
 such as A., it; would have the titles of trades or occupations in print on 
 cards to he fixed on at pleasure according to rcfiuircnient (a complete 
 stock bein<: kept on hand for the purpose) followed by fiixures to the 
 right, writtin in chalk from time to time as things changed, thus — 
 
 fupply. 
 
 Canker Clerks 1 
 
 CoppL-r.-miths 
 
 D.y GooUs Clerks.... G 
 
 Grtiutnjrs 
 
 Millwrigi.ts 
 
 Pain' .V6 
 
 Tn the Central Office almost sdl trades and occupations would appear 
 in columns with the numbers in chulk indicating the aupply and demand 
 for the whole PiOvince, thus — 
 
 Demand. 
 . 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 8u p'y. 
 .. 
 
 Ocmftnd 
 
 .. 2 
 
 . 2 
 
 . 
 . 2 
 . 4 
 . 1 
 
 Sjivant Men . . . 
 S hool Teachers 
 
 Tinsmiths 
 
 WatLhmuk<.rs . . 
 
 .... .. 
 .... 3 .. 
 .... .. 
 .... 2 .. 
 
 .. 3 
 .. 
 .. 1 
 .. 
 
 Supply. 
 
 Bank Clerks I 
 
 lilaeksmiths 
 
 liookketprs 12 
 
 Brass Finishers 
 
 Biicklayers 7 
 
 Ciirpeiitei-8 3 
 
 Cheese Makers 
 
 Cliopp rs 4 
 
 Cabinet-makers 
 
 Carriage Builders .... 
 
 Cloth Weavers r> 
 
 Compositors 
 
 Cotton 8piiiners 4 
 
 Copperhmitlis 2 
 
 D.y Goods Clerks 27 
 
 Farm Men 
 
 Farm lioys 4 
 
 GarJeners 
 
 Ga fi^ terg 2 
 
 Hasuns 4 
 
 Demand ' Supply. 
 
 1 M(tal Turners 1 
 
 5 I Jl ill Wrights I 
 
 3 ! Moulder* 2 
 
 7 Navvi>.s 4 
 
 2 I Paintt r.s 
 
 28 ! Pattern Makers 
 
 5 I Photographers 1 
 
 ' Plftstert-rs 
 
 G i Plumb rs 1 
 
 4 : Proof Headers 
 
 22 i Sehool T, ai hi-rs . . . . 7 
 
 G : Sjrvnnt-ujen 3 
 
 12 I Stor. men 4 
 
 G ; '!'• amsters 3 
 
 5 Tin miihs 2 
 
 .05 Tanners 
 
 12 I Waggon Build- rs ... 4 
 
 4 ; Watehmakers 2 
 
 5 j V\ heel\vr;ght8 
 
 29 I Wool Carders. ...... 
 
 Demiind . 
 
 8 
 10 
 13 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 m.^: 
 
15 
 
 DEMAKO, 
 
 wn of CI— — • 
 
 9i)ic nest to 
 a the inspoc 
 few or iu:iny 
 In a villugo 
 s ia print on 
 (a com pi etc 
 ixares to the 
 1, thus — 
 
 p'y. Dcmimd 
 
 .... 2 
 .... 3 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 vould opppar 
 aud deuiand 
 
 pply. 
 1 
 I 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 3 
 4 
 
 O 
 
 n 
 
 u 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 
 Demand . 
 
 . 8 
 
 . 10 
 
 . 13 
 
 . 50 
 
 . 5 
 
 . 1 
 
 . 2 
 
 . 7 
 
 . 9 
 
 . 1 
 
 ,. 3 
 
 . . 2a 
 
 ,. 2 
 
 .. 
 
 .. 1 
 
 .. 8 
 
 .. 1 
 
 .. 
 
 .. 1 
 
 From these Blnck-bnarJs in tho Central Office, reports can be sent to 
 the Minister of Iu)nii;;ration, tihcwiiig him what classes to invite to 
 Cuniid.i and what others to deter from coming. To allow uil to come 
 that wish is to have our nirplus industries, which already press upon 
 us, increased to a heavy burden, tending neither to our prosperity nor 
 to that of the new comers. Nothing is n)ore important even to our- 
 selves, if no immigration occurred, than to have a clear light tlirovvn 
 on the subject of why it is so many find it difficult to discover a field for 
 their eseitions, and why others are stinted in their prosperity as 
 emplo^'crf", either on farms or iu cities, by the want of adequate help or 
 by the high rate of w.-iges. 
 
 That things are out of bal;inee and unadjusted is sometimes made 
 evident by some startling incident. In the "Witness" for exuujplc, 
 a few days since, there were two advertisements inserted by the same 
 advertiser, the one for a mu.-io teaclier capable of instructing young 
 children, and the othc for a housem lid. To the first, immedi.ilo 
 replies came in, numbering no less than fiCtytwo, to the other at the end 
 of a week there was no response. Such a state of things could not 
 possibly exist if we had a continual index shewing the proportion of 
 supply to demand. If there be two thousand more mu^io teaehers in 
 Canada than arc ne.deJ, surely it is better that they should know it 
 and turn thoir attmtion to something els?, but instead of this uiore jiro 
 contiuuilly arriving from Great Britain in the hope of fiiidinj; a field 
 for their abilities. Again, another p linfui fact has shown itself, for 
 want of a Central Office, with its Mack boards, in Chicago. It has 
 been generally known that the city has been half destroyed by fire, and 
 it has been supposed by mechanics clacwhere that thtre was work fur 
 them to rebuild it, consequently they have rushed to it without guidance 
 or knowledge, and are so numerous that the supply is greater thai» the 
 demand, and they are pawning their tools to buy bread. 
 
 Thus we work in the dark, and where prosperity might be con- 
 tinuous we are subject to continual anxiety atid to errors of movement 
 to our serious loss while acting to the best of our judgment. We have 
 undoubtedly a large surplus among us of e'erk.s of vari lus kinds, and 
 of men of education without trades willing to be clerks; they con- 
 tiuuilly seek for employment tnd make interest with their friends who 
 tiy often to pet them into Government .'■ituations : but if tht-y could 
 once see the faithful picture on the black board of their own enormous 
 
! ( I 
 
 mmtrnm 
 
 16 
 
 hi: 
 
 ! ! 
 
 ; Iff 
 
 surplus number, they would resolve no longer to live so hopeless a life ; 
 they would turn their thoughts to other things, and in this the black 
 board would be their faithful guide and friend, for tlioy would s^e there 
 in what occupations there was demand beyond the supply, and would 
 select occupations that they might foel able to learn and work at. 
 
 Another important office would also be fulfilled by the black board, 
 for it would be a guide to all parents in selecting trades or occupations 
 for their children. Now they have no guide but the fancy or choice of 
 the youngster, and may be adding to an industry already full to a large 
 degree of surplus, but with a real positive knowledge of what was 
 wanted, and the opposite knowledge of TV'hat already was too full, they 
 could select to the advantage of their children for their whole life, and 
 this would also be the advantage of the nation at largo. 
 
 The same rule applies to employers, they also would know what they 
 could undertake without embarrassment for want of help. Often new 
 trades could be started with success if it were only known how many 
 qualified hands could be had in the country to carry it on, which would 
 greatly increase our national wealth. On the other hand, enterprises 
 are begun without the chance of fair progress for the want of suflScient 
 numbers to work at it. There may be enough in the country, but no 
 one knows it ; and the few that are obtained demand wages out of all 
 just proportion to the average rate for other industries. If in a trade 
 or manufacture already in operation in some one or two cities a capitalist 
 desires to invest by building a new factory, he is at once at a loss for a 
 fair chance to fill up his workshops with the proper number, and as 
 a consequence, he offers higher wages to men in other factories, and 
 entices them away. What else can he do ? He cannot call out those 
 who are hidden away in nooks and corners, buried in other and less pro- 
 fitable callings. But with the blackboard of the Central office he can 
 elicit all that there is, and if that does not suffice, he knows that the 
 Minister of Immigration will set forth the wants of Canada, and invite 
 those for whose labor there is a ready market. 
 
 What has been set forth as tabulated, merely shows the forms to be 
 adopted, and the system as one of centre and branch offices. It cannot, 
 of course, pretend to give a picture of the real state of things ; for no 
 man knows this, or ever will know it, unless the plan is put into 
 practice. 
 
 That all the details of the workings can be perfected iu design by 
 
less a life ; 
 3 the black 
 Id see there 
 and would 
 •k at. 
 
 lack board, 
 occupations 
 or choice of 
 11 to a large 
 [' what was 
 30 full, they 
 loie life, and 
 
 V what they 
 Often new 
 a how many 
 which would 
 I, enterprises 
 of sufficient 
 Lutry, but no 
 C3 out of all 
 [f in a trade 
 es a capitalist 
 it a loss for a 
 mber, and as 
 actories, and 
 call out those 
 ' and less pro- 
 [ office he can 
 nows that the 
 da, and invite 
 
 lie Ibrms to be 
 ;s. It cannot, 
 things , for no 
 in is put into 
 
 d in design by 
 
 rt 
 
 17 
 
 mere thiukin-j, no practical man will for a moment expect, for in all 
 new undcitakinas some experience mvLni be had. T > show, however, 
 \n some degree, what the «»perations would be, we will suppose things 
 to stand as indicated in the preceding pages. Take the Report from 
 the town of A. as sent to the Central office at the city of X. There is 
 no local demand at A. for the supply in that place, consefpiently it is 
 the business of the Central office to send the information as to where 
 it exists, if there be any any\vhere at all. This is done by a form 
 .showing the general state of things on the Central blackboard, and 
 specilic instructions as to what to do ; thus — 
 
 To Town f.f A . 
 
 Watcliinakcr.s L' 
 
 School Teachers 7 
 
 Bank Clerks 1 
 
 Dry Goods Clerks 27 
 
 Miivk. 1. 
 
 L' . . 
 
 C- 
 X 
 
 c- 
 
 K <fc H — 
 
 E- 
 
 IT- 
 
 k X- 
 
 NoTE. — There being no d'Tuaiul at all for \vatchn)akers on the 15Iack-board 
 r of the Central otlice nothiiitr can b(! done but to show that fact. 
 
 AA'^e now turn to the Demtmd side at the town of A., there beinj no 
 local supply to meet it, and send similar instructions ; thus — 
 
 To Tdwii of A. 
 
 St at p of 
 
 MiLiial. 
 
 K'T Siipi'ly, wriic t" 
 
 i 
 
 Coppersmiths 2 
 
 Hervaut-inen ;; 
 
 Millwrights 1 
 
 Plumbers 1 
 
 Tinsmiths 2 
 
 Painters o 
 
 Gardeners o 
 
 
 20 
 10 
 \) 
 1 
 5 
 4 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 .T 
 H 
 E 
 
 X X 
 
 In this manner the parties would be placed in a position to com- 
 municate with each other, and would arrange their own aftairs. To 
 prevent a too long continuance of any name un the books, and also to 
 defray the expenses of the institution, a fee of 25 cents would be 
 charged lor every entry, and this entry would stand good for a certain 
 number of days, — the exact number experience would soon determine. 
 It might be lixed, in the beginning, at 14 days, at the end of which 
 time the entry would be crossed off", unless renewed by another fee. 
 But when it is considered that parties would be placed in a position. 
 
1 T 
 
 "LI-,'W 
 
 I , 
 
 I 1 
 J 
 4 
 
 \' 
 
 • si; « 
 
 I 
 
 18 
 
 in one or two days at most, and toinetiir.e^ in as many hours, to find 
 each oilier, thcro would be no necessity for many da}s' appcanince of 
 any item of cither supply or domurid. The parties j-eckini!; work in 
 a city would often find it at once if demand exi^ted in the same place, 
 and the 2.') cents would be the whole chari^e ; but in the brniich offices 
 there would be second fees for communicatin;j; with other oflfices, accord- 
 ins: to the instructions received from the Central office. This is but 
 reasonable ; lor a man may well expect to pay less for j^uidance within 
 a town or city than when he is at a distance perhaps of a hundred miles 
 from the point where the market lies for him ; for he knows that he 
 might spend 10 or even 100 dollars in travellini:;, and then return 
 disappointed, if no ofllicial machinery of such a kind existed for his 
 guidance and beneiit. 
 
 With supply and demand brought together, we should have a sudden 
 and marvellous increase of prosperty and a universal satisfaction. Men 
 ■would earn wages almost universally and incessantly, and would be 
 sound and good customers to all parties in business. It would, besides, 
 regulate wages to a proper level, for neither master or man would be 
 ignorant of the state of the niarket ; and again, young men would be 
 able to select occupations with their eyes wide open to their prospects. 
 The invitation to emigrants would be upon a sound basis, and they 
 would find themselves couifortably off almost as soon as they could get 
 ready to work. 
 
 Even our surplus industries would see their true position and convert 
 themselves into something else, or go to some other field. The United 
 States would, of comv*e, reap the benefit in part of our system, for they 
 would resort to us for those whom we could not employ, or that wg 
 could not pay as highly as they would, and this would open a field for 
 inviting more immi<]rants ; thus benefitting our kith and kin on the 
 other side without hurting ourselves. It is more than likely, however, 
 that the States would follow our example, and in each State have a 
 Central ofiice with its blackboard, thus shov/ing the true state of 
 things there, and preventing that delusion which often draws off our 
 people, only to suffer disappointment. Universal work, and universal 
 earning, and univer:jal prosperity of agriculture and manufactures, 
 would exorcise a thousand phanttims of evil, and render us a contented 
 people, able to support an ever-increasing addition to our population, 
 able to pay taxes, and able also to carry out tho.se public iui- 
 
 1 
 
 *?■- 
 
^f^.t. 
 
 Itl 
 
 hours, to find 
 appearance of 
 ckinjj; work in 
 the sanjc place, 
 - bvnuch offices 
 ■ offices, nccord- 
 3. This is but 
 ruidancc within 
 I hundred miles 
 ! knows that he 
 nd then return 
 existed for his 
 
 d have a sudden 
 tisfuction. Men 
 , and would be 
 t would, besides, 
 or man would be 
 ijv men would be 
 ) their prospects, 
 basis, and they 
 vs they could get 
 
 ition and convert 
 ild. The United 
 • system, for they 
 nploy, or that we 
 d open a field for 
 I and kin on the 
 n likely, however, 
 sach State have a 
 the true state of 
 ten draws off our 
 3rk, and universal 
 ,nd manufactures, 
 ier us a contented 
 to our population, 
 those public iiu- 
 
 frovmenls which arc ncv;e.s-ary to oui national stability and future 
 greatness. 
 
 I have said nothing about the labor of women, simply because in 
 explaining a system it is not necessary, but nothing is more importtint 
 than to place them in possession of the fncilities and opportunities tiiat 
 men would enjoy. They should have their share of the benotit by a 
 female department in every office, and blackboards dovoled to theni 
 alone. Much is said, much written, and many lectures delivered en 
 the subject of employnient for women ; but nil this is as useless, 
 practically, as a passing cloud. We must find all the demand there is 
 for them, and show them by it in what thoy should try to qualify in 
 order that they may be useful. Equally wholesome would it be for 
 them also to soe that they cannot guess at what to do, c they may 
 find theniselves like the fifty-two applicants to the advertisement in the 
 Wilnc'sa. We ought to knov: positive/ij what demand there is, and lor 
 whom, and be able to cncouragrt and guide theni aright into such occu- 
 pations as thuy cun fulfil. Generalities serve no purpose whatever 
 either for men or for women ; we have to come down to the single 
 individual, and to know how to dispose of liim or of her, as the ease niJiy 
 be. We have a great deal of benevolence in our midst, and a great 
 deal of charity, — far too much of both. Let us make all useful and 
 independant by their own exertions, and the charity will not be needed, 
 Bor its depressing influence lelt. All tlie elements of prosperity exist 
 in Canada, and the only thing necessary is a system of bringing them 
 together, so as to produce the desired result. 
 
 GAzaTTK Printing HousE: Montrral.